r UNIVERSITY DAVIS IT?' r UNIVERSITY DAVIS GENERAL HISTORY DICHLAMYDEOUS PLANTS, COMPRISING COMPLETE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT ORDERS; TOGETHER WITH THE CHARACTERS OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES, AND AN ENUMERATION OF THE CULTIVATED VARIETIES; THEIR PLACES OF GROWTH, TIME OF FLOWERING, MODE OF CULTURE, AND USES IN MEDICINE AND DOMESTIC ECONOMY; THE SCIENTIFIC NAMES ACCENTUATED, THEIR ETYMOLOGIES EXPLAINED, AND THE CLASSES AND ORDERS ILLUSTRATED BY ENGRAVINGS, AND PRECEDED BY INTRODUCTIONS TO THE LINNyEAN AND NATURAL SYSTEMS, AND A GLOSSARY OF THE TERMS USED: THE WHOLE ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE NATURAL SYSTEM. BY GEORGE DON, F.L.S. IN FOUR VOLUMES. VOL. I.— THALAMIFLOR^C. LONDON: PRINTED FOR J. G. AND F. RIVINGTON ; J. AND W. T. CLARKE; LONGMAN AND CO.; T. CADELL ; J. RICHARDSON ; JEFFERY AND SON; BALDWIN AND CRADOCK ; J. BOOKER; J. BOOTH; HARVEY AND DARTON J S. BAGSTER ; SHERWOOD AND CO.; HARDING'AND LEPARD ; J. F. SETCHEL ; WHITTAKER AND CO.; SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL; AND E. HODGSON. MDCCCXXXI. UNIVERSITY ( F CALIFORNIA DENARY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE LONDON : GILBERT & RIVINGTON, PRINTERS, ST. JOHN'S SQUARE. ADVERTISEMENT. THE Proprietors take this opportunity of explaining the circumstances under which they find themselves reluctantly obliged to close the Work at its present stage. At the commencement of the undertaking the Editor arranged with them to complete it in Four Volumes ; but when the present or fourth volume was printed, he informed them for the first time, to their surprise, that his materials had proved so much more voluminous than he anticipated, that the descriptions of the remaining plants would fill more than two additional volumes of the same extent. They are compelled to a add, that the circulation of the Work has hitherto been too limited to afford them any prospect of reimbursement of the large additional expense which would be incurred if they proceeded to complete the Work ; an expense which they had not originally contemplated. As, however, the Work has been compiled upon the Natural System, the description of that division of the science which is contained in the four published volumes is complete, and the volumes are consequently not, in this respect, rendered imperfect by the absence of the remaining two, since they contain a complete account of the Dichlamydeous plants. In justice to the Editor they feel bound to add, that he has spared no labour to render the Work as comprehensive and perfect as possible ; and they are confident that no publication has hitherto appeared in this country which contains nearly so large a compass of valuable information upon that division of Botany of which it treats. They can only account for the confined circulation which the present Work has hitherto met with in the altered taste of the day for treatises of a less recondite and extensive nature. The Proprietors would be ready to complete the Work if they could hope for . I IV ADVERTISEMENT. sufficient encouragement from the Public to induce them to proceed in this unusually expensive undertaking. At the end of this volume new title-pages for the four volumes are added, in accordance with their contents, as a " General History of the DicJilamydcous Plant*." London, February, 1838. INTRODUCTION. IN consequence of the increasing demand which has for some time existed for standard works upon BOTANY, HORTICULTURE, and AGRICULTURE, occasioned by the growing taste of the age for the study of these sciences, the proprietors of " MILLER'S GARDENER'S AND BOTANIST'S DICTIONARY" have caused to be prepared the " GENERAL SYSTEM OF GAR- DENING AND BOTANY" contained in the following pages, which, together with the infor- mation comprised in the DICTIONARY of MILLER, will combine the improvements and dis- coveries which the labours of modern writers have so amply contributed to the advancement of these sciences. IN the formation of this work it was found necessary to deviate from the alpha- betical arrangement adopted in the Dictionary of MILLER, in consequence of the numerous and almost daily changes which have taken place in the Botanical Nomenclature of late years, which have rendered that arrangement wholly useless as a mode of reference. It only remained, therefore, to choose between the Linnaean artificial method, and the Natural System of Jussieu ; but the numerous advantages of the latter, particularly in an extensive work like the present, were too apparent to leave any doubt in the mind of the Editor as to which he ought to adopt. In a work, professedly intended to form a Complete System of Vegetables, including the practical parts of Gardening and Agriculture, that plan of arrangement must undoubtedly be the best which brings under one view the genera and species of plants according to their relations of affinity, and therefore of their pro- perties. In the Linnaean artificial method, it often happens, that genera, intimately related, are separated far apart into different classes and orders, merely on account of the difference in the number of their stamens and pistils; a circumstance now found in many instances scarcely to be of sufficient importance, even to separate species, still less genera ; and with regard to an alphabetical arrangement, it must be evident to every one conversant with the sub- ject, that it cannot be employed with advantage in any branch of Natural History. The plan of the present work is founded on that of M. de Candolle, in his invaluable works entitled Regni Vegetabilis Systema Naturale and Prodromus, with such alterations as were rendered necessary by the rapid increase of science, and with numerous additions of new genera and species, amounting to more than a third of those enumerated by that learned botanist ; so that, when finished, the work will be found to be the most complete system of Vegetables yet A 2 IV INTRODUCTION. published ; comprehending, besides all the genera and species which have been published up to the present time, descriptions of numerous plants never before published, and derived chiefly from the Lambertian Herbarium. The characters of all the genera and species are derived either from the plants themselves, or from the original authorities where authentic specimens could not be procured. The object of the present work is to give a complete history and description of every species of plant hitherto known, in an easy and intelligible form, so as to enable even beginners in the science to understand it fully, and to ascertain without difficulty not only the name and history, but also the characters and affinities of any genus or species, together with its properties and best modes of culture and propagation. - The first two pages of the present volume contain an outline of the System, with explanatory drawings by Mr. Hart, engraved on wood by Mr. Sly ; and a complete account of each order will be found in its proper place, illustrated also by drawings ; while the peculiar features which separate the different families, genera, and species from each other have been carefully pointed out, with their respective qualities and properties. A synopsis of the genera, with their essential characters, follows the description of each order, and where the genera are numerous, they have been divided into tribes, which will greatly assist the reader in his examination of them. In a subsequent part of the work, a full and comprehensive description of each genus will be found, including the de- rivation of the names ; and when these are derived from the Greek language, the original is given both in Greek and Roman letters, for the assistance of such of our readers as are unacquainted with the Greek characters. The proper accentuation of each name is also given. Where the species are numerous, they have, for the sake of convenience, been distributed into sections marked thus, Sect. I. Sect. II. &c. : they are occasionally divided again into subsections, marked thus, § 1., § 2., &c. : and sometimes they are still further distin- guished by sub-divisions marked by stars, thus, * * * signifying 1, 2, &c. The names of the species are given with their original authorities, which are followed by their distinguishing characters, and with the usual signs indicative of the habit or duration of each species, whether tree, shrub, perennial, biennial, or annual ; their habitation in the garden, whether hardy, frame, greenhouse, or stove, &c. ; their native countries, and, as far as possible, the districts in which they are found, are noticed ; followed by the synonymes, and any other particulars which are likely to assist the student, such as the colour of the flower, &c. The description of each species is followed by a line containing the literal translation of the name in italic characters, and the English name (where such exists) ; the time of flower- ing ; and the date of the introduction of such as are grown in the British gardens ; the height to which the plant, shrub, or tree commonly grows, and if a climber or twiner ; thus : Long-leaved Rock-rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1790. Shrub 3 feet high. INTRODUCTION. V The culture and propagation is given at the end of each genus, while the culinary and agricultural plants, and those employed in medicine or used for economical purposes, together with the fruits, are treated at large under their respective species. According to the system now universally followed of natural affinity, all plants are separated into two great divisions, namely, the Vasculares and Cellulares. The first of these divisions is again separated into two classes, the Dicotyledonece and the Monocotyledonece, distinctions which refer to the number of cotyledons of the embryo. The second division also comprehends two classes, the Foliacece and the Apliyllce, characterised, as their names import, by their leafy or leafless habit. The first class, Dicotyledonece, is divided into four subclasses, namely, the Thalamiflorce, Calyciflorce, Corolliflorce, and Monochlamydece ; of which the three first are distinguished by a double floral envelope, that is, by their flowers having both a calyx and corolla ; and also by the insertion or situation of the stamens ; while the fourth is distinguished by a simple floral envelope, which, by later writers, has been denominated a perianth, and frequently rivals a corolla in its colour. For farther details on these points the reader is referred to the first pages of the present volume. In the sub- class Thalamiflorce the orders or families are subdivided into four groups or sections, depending on the number of the carpels and the situation of the placentas, see pages 2. 127. 379. and 814 of the present volume. By attending to these particulars the student will readily acquire a knowledge of the class, subclass, order, genus, and, finally, the species, to which any plant belongs. A beginner should first ascertain the volume comprising the sub- class in which the plant he wishes to know is included, by dissecting a flower and observing the situation or insertion of the stamens ; as, for instance, if a plant belongs to the Dicoty- ledonefe, and possesses both calyx and corolla, and has its stamens inserted in the receptacle, the plant will be found in the First Volume ; if the stamens are fixed in the calyx, or in a disk which adheres to the calyx, in the Second Volume ; if in the tube of the corolla, in the Third Volume, which will also contain those plants possessing a simple floral envelope, with the stamens inserted in it. The second class, Monocotyledonece, comprising the Grasses, Reeds, Palms, Lilies, Pine-apples, Orchideous and Scitammeous plants, and all those having the veins of their leaves simple (see page \.f. 1. 7-8.} and not branched, as in the Dicoty- ledonefe (see page 1. f. 1. s.J will be found in the Fourth Volume ; which will also include the Ferns, the only family of the Cellulares, or Cryptogamia, which will be included in the work. Therefore, when the name and history of any particular plant are wanted, the grand division to which it belongs should be ascertained first ; next the class, sub-class, order, and genus, and, finally, the species ; for which purpose the numerous wood-cuts inserted throughout the work will be found of great assistance, as giving the peculiar features of the plants contained in the different orders. VI INTRODUCTION. Having thus endeavoured to give some idea of the nature of the arrangement adopted in the following pages, it now only remains for us to point out the nature of those characters on which the distinctions of ORDERS, GENERA, and SPECIES depend. The orders or families are founded on the same principles as the genera, being merely genera of a more com- prehensive nature, as a genus is a group of species having a close relationship or affinity to each other, but whose characters are of a less important nature, than the order itself. When the genera of a particular order are numerous, they have been grouped into sub-orders or tribes, whose characters are of less importance than those of the orders, but greater than those of the genera ; the characters on which all these are founded, are usually derived from the fruit, flowers, and seed, and the appearance of the leaves, whether stipulate or exstipulate, alternate, or opposite ; but species differ from each other in the shape, nature, or position of the leaves,. petals, bracteas, &c., and in the situation and disposition of the flowers. Genera, whereof the species are numerous, have been separated into sections and divisions, which may be termed sub-genera, being distinguished by characters of a lesser importance. Varieties are either minor distinctions depending upon soil, situation, habita- tion, culture, or colour of the flowers, but when they possess features of a more permanent nature they have been termed sub-species. Hybrids are plants arising from the commixture of two species, and which by impregnation partake of the nature and properties of both parents. We shall conclude these introductory observations with an outline of the Linnaean artificial method, a knowledge of which may be of advantage to some readers of the system, as the Linnagan class and order are given at the beginning of each generic character in the body of the work : and with instructions for the management of hothouse plants, &c. INTRODUCTION TO THE ARTIFICIAL SYSTEM OF LINNAEUS. CLASSES. Class IV. TETRANDRIA (from Ttrpas, four). Stamens FIRST GRAND DIVISION. ^ E^> ^^ Class V. PENTANDRIA (from TTSVTS, five). Stamens PLANTS with conspicuous flowers, that is to say, having five. Example Solarium. the parts of fructification evident. Class VI. HEXANDRIA (?g, six). Stamens six. Ex- § 1. Flowers hermaphrodite. amPle ^arcitats. Class VII. HEPTANDRIA (from ?irrn, seven). Stamens * Stamens not united. seven. Example Msculus. Class I. MONANDRIA (from /uovoc, one, and avijp av- Class VIII. OCTANDRIA (from OKTW, eight). Stamens Spoc, a male). Stamen one. Example Canna. eight. Example Erica and Fuchsia. Class II. DIANDRIA (from &e, twice). Stamens two. Class IX. ENNEANDRIA (from twea, nine). Stamens Example Veronica. nine. Example Rheum. Class III. TRIANDRIA (from T/MIC, three). Stamens Class X. DECANDRIA (from SEKH, ten). Stamens ten. three. Example Crocus and Valeriana. Example Rhododendron and Baptisia. INTRODUCTION. Vll Class XI. DODECANDRIA (from SwSeica, twelve). Sta- mens twelve. Example Sempervivum. Class XII. ICOSANDRIA (from etKom, twenty). Stamens indefinite, but usually twenty, inserted in the calyx. Examples Prunus and Pyrus. Class XIII. POLYANDRIA (from TroXv, many}. Stamens indefinite, inserted in the receptacle. Examples Papaver and Ranunculus. Class XIV. DIDYNAMIA (from Sic, twice, Svo, two, and vij/ia, a filament). Stamens twice two, four, two long, and two short. Examples Lamium and Digitalis. Class XV. TETRADYNAMIA (from Ttrpa,four, $vo,tu-o, and vi\fia, a jilament). Stamens six, four long, and two short. Examples Brassica and Sinapis. * * Stamens united by the filaments. Class XVI. MONADELPHIA (from juovoc, one, and a&A^oc, a brother}. Stamens united by the filaments in one body. Example Malva. Class XVII. DIADELPHIA (from &c, twice, and aStA^oe, a brother). Stamens united by the filaments into two bodies; in diadelphous pea-flowers the whole are usually connected in one body, with a single one only free. Examples Fumaria and Pisum. Class XVIII. POLYADELPHIA (from 7ro\v, many, and aStX^oe, a brother). Stamens united by the filaments into more than two bodies. Example Hypericum. * * * Stamens united by the anthers or tops into a cylinder. Class XIX. SYNGENESIA (from aw, together, and yevtme, origin; in allusion to the flowers rising from a common receptacle.) Example Leontodon. * * * # Stamens attached to, and standing upon the pistil. Class XX. GYNANDRIA (from ywv, a female, and av^p, a male ; in allusion to the stamens being attached to the pistil). Example Orchis. § 2. Flowers of distinct sexes. Class XXI. MONCECIA (from juovoc, one, and OIKOQ, a house). Male and female flowers on the same plant. Examples Begonia and Quercus. Class XXII. DKECIA (from &e, twice, and oticoe, a house). Male and female flowers on different plants. Examples Populus and Sryonia. Class XXIII. POLYGAMIA (from iroXv, many, and , a marriage). Male and female flowers on the same or on different plants along with hermaphrodite ones. Examples Atriplex Acacia and Fraxinus. SECOND GRAND DIVISION. Plants with inconspicuous flowers, that is to say, with the parts of fructification not evident. Class XXIV. CRYPTOGAMIA (from K/OVTTTOC, concealed, and yafio^, marriage). Reproductive organs hardly visible. Examples Polypodium, Hypnum, Jungermannia, Con- ferva, Fucus, Lichen, Agaricus, &c. ORDERS. Orders are principally formed from the number of styles, as the Classes are from the number of stamens, especially those in the first thirteen Classes, viz. MONOGYNIA, from juovoe, one, and yvvr\, a female, (and so on with the other orders). Style one. DIGYNIA, Styles two. TRIGYNIA, Styles three. TETRAGYNIA, Styles four. PENTAGYNIA, Styles five. HEXAGYNIA, Styles six. HEPTAGYNIA, Styles seven. OCTOGYNIA, Styles eight, &c. POLY- GYNIA, Styles numerous. The 14th Class, DIDYNAMIA contains two orders; the first is called GYMNOSPERMIA (from ywjuvoe, naked, and near together. Approximating, ) Apterous, without wings, or the membranous mar- gins, which botanists call wings. Aquatic, growing in water. Arboreous, being a tree as distinguished from fru- tescent. Arborescent, having a tendency to become a tree. Arcuate, ) curved or bent like a bow, forming an Arcuated, $ arch. Arched. See Arcuate. Areol, } jointed, havingjoints. Articulated,) ' Articulations, the places where one thing is jointed with another ; another word for joints. Ascendant, ~Ke first traiiing on the ground, then Ascendent, > rf . ere forming a curve Ascending, ) Asci, small tubes in which the sporules of crypto- gamic plants are placed. Ascigerous, having asci. Assurgent, rising upwards. uriculate, ^ uriculated, V havin uricled, ) g ear-like appendages. A A Au, Auricles, ear-like appendages. Auriculately-sagittate, eared at the base, so as to give the leaf the appearance of the head of an arrow. Auriculatehj-stem-clasping, having auricles at the base clasping the stem ; applied to leaves. Awl-shaped, narrow-pointed, resembling an awl. Awned, terminating in an awn or sharp point. Awnedly-acuminated, tapering to a point, and ter- minating in an awn. Awns, the beard of corn or any thing else. ... ( literally the arm-pit ; in plants applied to .**. ' < the angle formed by the union of the Axilla, \ ieaf ana ?tem. Axil-flowering, flowering in the axils of the leaves. Axillary, placed in the axils or axillae. Axis, the line, real or imaginary, that passes through any thing, usually applied to the central placenta of fruit ; the axis of a spike of flowers is the stem to which the flowers are attached. GLOSSARY. Xlll B. Baccate, berried, fleshy. Barred, crossed by a paler colour in spaces resem- bling bars. Basilar, situated at the base of any thing, usually applied to the embryo when situated at the bot- tom of the seed. Beak, any thing which resembles the beak of a bird, hard, sharp points ; in Aconitum the point which ends the helmet or upper sepal. Beaked, having a beak. Bearded, having long hair like a beard. Beardless, destitute of a beard. Berry, a fleshy fruit, containing many seeds, as the gooseberry and grape. Biauriculate, having two auricles. Bibracteolate, furnished with two small bracteas; which see. Bibracteate, furnished with two bracteas. See Bracteas. Bicallose, \ having two small callosities or protu- Bicallous, ) berances. Bicrenate, twice crenate. See Crenate. Bicuspidate, having two points. Bidentate, having two teeth. Biennial, a plant is biennial, which requires two years to bear its fruit, and then dies. Bifarious, any thing placed in two opposite rows. Bifariously-imbricated, any thing placed in two op- posite rows, as well as being laid over each other, like the tiles of a house. Bifid, divided at the top in two parts, two cleft. Bifidly-umbelliferous, having an umbel of flowers divided into two parts or divisions. Bifoliate, having two leaves or leaflets. Bifoveolate, having two hollows. Bifurcation, the division of a stem when it is divided like a fork into two branches. Bifurcate, twice forked, or having two forks. Bigeminate, twin, each division bearing a pair of leaflets. Bigibbous, K ; tv/0 protuberances. Bigibbose, ) Biglandular, having two glands. Biglobose, formed irtto two round heads. Bilabiate, having two lips. Bilamellate, \ having two plates or divided into two Bilammellate, f parts. Biligulate, having two liguhe, or strap-shaped ap- pendages. Bilocular, containing two cells, or divided into two cells, or departments. Bimaculate, having two spots of any colour. Binate, having two leaflets, twin. Biovulate, containing two ova, or young seeds ; seeds before they are mature are called ova. Bipartite, divided into two parts. Bipinnate, twice pinnate. See Pinnate. Bipinnate-parted, divided in a bipinnate manner but not to the base. Bipinnatifid, twice pinnatifld. See Pinnatifid. Biplicate, having two plaits. Birimose, having two longitudinal chinks, or fissures. Bisaccate, having two little sacks, bags, or pouches. Biscutate, resembling two bucklers. Biserrate, \ twice cut, like the teeth of a Biserrate-toothed, ) saw. Bistipulate, furnished with two stipulas. See Sti- pulas. Bisulcate, having two furrows. Biternate, twice ternate. See Ternate. Bivalved, two valved. See Valved. Blanching, made white by being grown in a dark place, or by being covered with any thing. Bland, fair, beautiful. Blight, a vague term, signifying a pestilence among plants, caused by the attack of insects, or of para- sitical fungi. Blistered, having the surface raised, as the skin is when blistered. Brachiate, having arms or branches, usually placed Calyculate, Ca< opposite to each other nearly at right angles with the main stem, and crossing each other alter- nately. Bracteate, having bracteas. Bracteolate, having small bracteas. Bracteoles, small bracteas. Bracteas, small leaves placed near the calyx on the peduncle or pedicel. Bractless, destitute of bracteas. Branchlets, small branches. Bristles, stiff hairs. Bristly, covered with stiff hairs. Bristly-toothed, having teeth like bristles, or with the teeth ending each in a bristle. Bud, the flower or leaves before expansion are said to be in the bud. Bulbiferous, bearing bulbs. Bulbs, underground buds, resembling roots, con- sisting of numerous fleshy scales, placed one over the other. Burry, covered with hooked stiff hairs, like the heads of the burdock. C. Caducous, falling off soon. Ctssious, grey. Ctespitose, growing in little tufts. Calcarate, spurred, or having a spur. Calceiform, formed like a little shoe. Calli, small callosities, or little protuberances. Callose, callous, hardened. Callously-glandular, having hardened glands. Callously-serrated, having hardened serratures. Calyciform, formed like a calyx. Calycine, of or belonging to the calyx. ving bracteas so placed as to re- semble an external or additional calyx. Calyptra, literally an extinguisher, applied to the body which covers the theca in mosses j any thing in the shape of an extinguisher. Calyptrate, resembling an extinguisher. Calyptriform, shaped like an extinguisher. Calyx, the outer envelope of a flower, as the corolla is the inner. Campanulate, shaped like a bell. Canaliculate, channelled or furrowed. Cancellate, latticed, resembling lattice-work. Canescent, hoary, approaching to white. Capillary, very slender, resembling a hair. Capillaceous, very slender, resembling a hair. Capillaceously-multifid, \ divided into many slender Capillary-multifid, / hair-like segments. Capitate, growing in a head ; a stigma is said to be capitate when it is large, round, and blunt. Capitately-glomerate, growing in a clustered head. Capitellate, ~\ growing in small heads ; a stigma is Capitular, > said to be so when it is small, round, Capitulate, ) and blunt. Capituli, small heads. Capsule, a dry fruit. Capsular, like a capsule. Carbonized, burned to coal. Carina, a keel like that of a boat ; also the lower petal of a pea-flower. Carinate, keel-shaped. Carinately-winged, having a wing resembling a keel. Carinately-concave, hollowed in such a manner as to resemble a keel externally. Cariopsis,orCariopsides, a 1-celled, small, indehiscent pericarp, adhering to the seed which it contains, as the grain of grasses and clematis. Carminative, medicines which promote perspiration. Carnose, fleshy, thick substance. Carpel, ~\ the small parts of which compound fruits Carpels, V are formed, as those of Ranunculus, Carpella, ) Pabnia, and Aconitum. Carpelled, having carpels. Carpology, the science which treats of the structure of fruits and seeds. . , . fi ntrut-aiiiztt', \ ntral-a Js, 1 ntral-column, ) V. Cartilaginous, gristly. Cartilaginously- toothed, having gristly teeth. Cartilaginously-serrated, having gristly serratures. Caruncle, a small protuberance. Carunculate, having a caruncle. Cataplasm, a plaster. Catarrhal, of or belonging to a cold. Cathartic, purgativt. Catkin, inflorescence of the natural order Amentu- cea, as the willow. Caudate, tailed, having a process like a tail. Caudex, the trunk or stem of palms and ferns. Caudicula, a small membranous process, on which the pollen of orchideous plants are fixed. Caulescent, acquiring a stem, having a kind of stem. Caulicule, the little stem in the embryo which unites the cotyledons with the radicle. Cauline, of or belonging to the stem. Caustic, having a burning quality. Cautery, that which burns. Cellular, composed of cells. Cell, the hollow part of a capsule, in which the seeds are lodged, and the part of anthers whicli contains the pollen. Celled, having cells, 1-2-3 or 4-celled, having 1-2-3- or 4 cells or departments, and so forth. ihe column in the centre of fruits ,. . ^, . ? whlc > *e ,Seedf are s°me- times attached, and sometunes the partitions. Central-placenta, the column in the centre of fruits to which the seeds are attached. Cephalic, medicinal to the head. Ceraceous, wax-like. Cernuous, nodding, drooping, or pendulous. Chaffy, bearing processes resembling chaff. Chalaza, a spot on the seed, indicating where the vessels of the raphe terminate. Channel-leaved, folded together, so as to resemble a channel for conducting water. Channelled, having a channel or channels. Charred, blackened by fire. Chlorosis, the green sickness, a disease so called. Chinks, longitudinal fissures. Chinked, having longitudinal fissures. Chrysalis-like, like the chrysalis of an insect. Cilia, hairs like those of the eye-lash. Ciliated, \ surrounded by hairs like those of the Ciliary, / eye-lash. Ciliately-toothed, having teeth like the hairs of the eye-lash. Ciliary-scabrous, having rough ciliated margins. Ciliary-serrated j h . serratures like ci]ia, Cihately-serrated, ) Ciliately-jagged, having unequal notches like cilia?. Ciliately-plumose, having long hairs on the edges like the feathers of a quill. Cinereous, ash-coloured, or coloured like ashes, grey. Cinereously-canescent, between white and ash-co- loured. Cinereously-glaucous, between sea-green and ash- coloured. Cinereously -pubescent, covered with grey pubescence. Cinereously-tomentose, covered with grey tomentum. Cinereously-villous, covered with grey villi. Cingalese, inhabitants of or belonging to Ceylon. Circinate, \ curled round like a sharp crook, to Circinnate, ) make a circle. Circinal, resembling a circle. Circinately-revolute, curled round like a circle. Circinately-trochleate, curled round like a pully. Cirrhose, Jtendrilled, having tendrils or claspers, Cirrhous, ) as the pea. Cirrhiferous, bearing tendrils or claspers. Clammy, viscid, sticky. Clathrate, latticed, divided like lattice-work. Clavate, \ club-shaped, shaped like a club, the thick Clavated, ) end uppermost. Clave/lose, having club-shaped processes. Clavus, a name for the ergot, a disease in corn. Claws, the unguis of petals, the narrow end. Clawed, having claws. XIV GLOSSARY. Cleft, divided, but not exactly to the base, split. Ctinandrium, that part of the column of orchideous plants in which the anther lies. Closed, that which is closed up, leaving no aper- ture ; the throat of a flower witli hairs or other processes ; pressed together, not spreading Close-pressed, when any thing lies quite close upon a surface it is said to be closed-pressed. Clustered, disposed in clusters. Clypeate, shaped like a Roman buckler. Coadunate, united together, soldered together. Coarctate, pressed together. Cobwebbed, covered as if with a cobweb. Cochleate, \ twisted so as to resemble the shell of Cochleated, ) a snail. Cocculiferous, bearing coccula. Cocculum, a kind of cell which opens with elasticity ; a kind of membranous spring. Cohering, connected. Coleorhiza, a little sheath which tips the radicle in cruciferous plants. Collapsion, the act of closing or falling together. Columella, the axis of the fruit in mosses. Columnar, formed like a column. Compact, close, crowded. Complanate, flattened. Complicate, 1 ? , . •, . Complicated, j ^d together. Compound, used in botany to express the union of several things in one ; thus a compound umbel is formed by several simple umbels ; if above one it is always called compound ; a compound flower by several simple flowers; a compound leaf by several smaller leaflets. Compressed, pressed together, and flattened. Concave, hollow. Concave-cucullate, hollowed out in the form of a hood. Concentric, points or lines at equal distances from a common centre. Concrete, formed into one mass, or joined together. Conduplicate, twice doubled, or twice folded. Cone. See Strobile. Conferruminate, \ united together, so as to be un- Conferruminated, f distinguishable. Confluent, running into one another at the base or apex. Conglutinate, glued together into one mass. Conico-oyUndrical, /^f*^ ""< ^ 1 awl-shaped and conical, ta- Comco-subulate, . ^ \ pering to a point. Conical, resembling a cone in shape. Conically-subulate, between cone-shaped and awl- shaped, thickest at the base. Conic-ovate, between egg-shaped and conical. Conjugate, joined by pairs, chiefly applied to leaves. Connate, joined together at the base. When two op- posite leaves are joined together at the base, with the stem running through the centre of the joined part, it is called a connate leaf. c°nverginff. ^ng close together. Conoid, shaped like a cone. Constricted, tightened or contracted in some parti- cular place. Continuous, uninterrupted connectior. Contiguous, so close as to touch one another. Contortuplicate, twisted in plaits. Contracted, narrowed in some particular place. Convex, rising in a circular form. Convolute, rolled together, or over each other. Coralloid, like coral. Cordate, formed like a heart in cards. Cordate, when it is joined by a hyphen to another word, signifies a figure between the two, as cor- date-reniform ; cordately-reniform, a figure be- tween heart-shaped and kidney-shaped ; cordate- triangular, a form between heart-shaped and tri- angular; cordate-roundish, circular and cordate; cordate-oblong, oblong and cordate; cordate-sagit- tate, cordately-sagittate, between heart-shaped and arrow-shaped ; cordate-auriculate, having auricles at the base, so as to give the leaf the figure of a heart; cordate-orbicular, a figure between a heart and a circle; cordate-lanceolate, cordate-peltate, a form between that of a buckler and a heart. Coriaceous, the consistence of leather, thick and tough. Corolla, the inner envelope of a flower ; the coloured part of a flower, composed of a petal or petals. The term is only applied when the calyx is pre- sent ; otherwise it is called a perianth, which see. Corollaceous, like a corolla, a corolla. Corollate, like a corolla. Corneous, horny, of the consistence of horn. Corniculate, ) having processes like small horns, Corniculated, J or like horns. Corona, literally a crown ; applied in botany to the crown-like cup which is found at the orifice of the tube of the corolla in Narcissus or other flowers. Corpuscle, a small body, a particle of any tiling. Corroborant, strengthening. Corrosive, having the power to eat away. Corrugate, ) . , , , Corrugated, f wnnkled or shrivelled. Cortical, of or belonging to bark. Corticate, like bark. Corymb, a raceme or panicle, in which the stalks of the lower flowers are longer than those of the upper, so that the flowers themselves are all on the same level. Corymbiferous, bearing a corymb. Corymbose, formed or arranged in the manner of a corymb. Corymbosely-cymose, arranged in a manner between a corymb and a cyme. Corymbosely-fastigiate, between fastigiate and co- rymbose. Corymbosely-racemose, arranged between racemose and corymbose. Corymbosely-umbellate, arranged in a manner be- tween an umbel and a corymb. Corymbulose, formed of many small corymbs. Cosmetic, beautifying. Costate, ribbed, any longitudinal elevations. Cotyledons, seed-leaves, the first leaves from seed. Creeping, spread upon the ground, and rooting at the joints. Crenatures, the notchings. Crenrs, round notches. Crenate, or Crenated, having round notches. Crenate-angular, crenate and angular. Crenulate, full of small round notches. Crenately -serrated, Crenate-serrate or serrated, with notched serratures ; that is to say, something between crenated and serrated. Crenately-lobed, so deeply crenated as to appear lobed. Crenate- toothed, between crenate and toothed. Crenately-denticulated, between crenate and tooth- letted. Crenulate, 1 » Crenulated,} havmS sma11 round notcnes- Crest, applied to some elevated appendage, ter- minating a particular organ ; a stamen is crested when the filament projects beyond the anther, and becomes dilated ; a petal is crested when it is terminated by a fringed appendage, or an ap- pendage in any part. Crested, having a crest. Crestedly-toothed, toothed in a crested manner. Cretaceously-pruinose, covered with white glittering spots or pustules. Cribriform, riddled with holes like a sieve. Cribrose, perforated like a sieve. Crowned, terminated by any thing ; in Carophyllea: the petals are said to be crowned when they are furnished with the appendages in the throat. Cruciate, shaped like a Maltese cross. A flower is said to be cruciate, when four petals are placed opposite each other at right angles. Cruciferous, the name of a particular family of plants, bearing cruciate flowers. uneate-obovate, (a for.m be,twee" uneate-ovate, 1 wedge-shaped V. egg-shapedand ""e 't'd £ unea e , > uneiform, ) Cruciately-opposite, placed opposite, so as to form right angles. Crustaceans, having a hard brittle crust. Crystalline, consisting of or resembling crystals. Cucullate, a leaf is said to be cucullate when its edge is curved inwards in such a manner as to represent the cowl or hood of a monk. Cucullately-saccate, a form between cucullate and saccate. Culm, the stem of grasses, sci tamineous plants, and the like. Culmiferous, producing culms. Cultrate, 1 , ., ,.. .... Cultriform, } shaPed llke a PrunlnS ^mfe. ob°Vate and and between andwedge-shaped. wedge-shaped, the broadest end upper- t tapering to the base. Cuneiform, ) Cuneiform-ovate, between wedge-shaped and egg- shaped. Cuneately-lanceolate, between wedge-shaped and lanceolate. Cup, the same as Corona, any thing in the shape of a cup. c" "' f the cup of an acorn, and such like fruits. Cupulate, ) i_ j i-i n i-r f shaped like a cup or reversed bell. {^upuiijorm, ) Cuspidate, when a leaf suddenly tapers to a point it is so called. Cuspidately-serrated, when serratures end abruptly in a point they are so called. Cutaneous, relating to the skin. Cuticle, the scarf, skin, or epidermis. Cut-toothed, cut and toothed at the same time. Cyathiform, cup-shaped, concave. Cylindraceous, having the form of a cylinder. Cylindrical, cylinder-shaped, round. Cylindrically-campanulate, between bell-shaped and cylinder-shaped. Cylindrically-conical, cylindrical and conical, taper- ing to the apex Cylindrically-globose, a form between a cylinder and a sphere. Cymbiform, having the shape of a boat. Cyme, a mode of inflorescence resembling a flat- tened panicle, as that of the Elder. Cymiferous, bearing cymes. Cymose, flowering in cymes. D Decandrous, having 10 stamens. Deciduous, falling off; leaves which are shed an- nually are said to be deciduous, as are also trees that annually lose their leaves. Declinate, bending downwards. Decompound, a leaf is said to be decompound when it is twice or thrice pinnate ; a panicle, when its branches are also panicled, &c. Decorticated, disbarked, the bark fallen off or taken off. Decumbent, lying down on the ground. Decurrent, running down ; a leaf is said to be de- current when it extends down the leaf-stalk or stem. leaves and branches are said to be decussate, when two right lines cross each other at right angles, forming a kind of square, or four angles. Decussately-opposite, applied to leaves when they are opposite and form right lines, cross each other at right angles and form a square. Definite, that which may be counted, a regular number. Deflexed, bent downwards. Dehiscent, gaping, opening ; an expression applied to the mode in which the anthers or the fruit burst open and discharge their contents. stem. V Decussate, J Decussated, j GLOSSARY. XV Deliquescent, melting away on exposure to the air heat. Deltoid, shaped like the Greek A. Deltoid-ovate, having an outline between the shape of an egg and a A. Demulcent, having the property of softening any thing. Dentate, having the margin divided into incisions resembling teeth. Dentately-ciliated, \ having the margin toothed and Dentately-fringed, ) tipped with hairs. Dentately-lobed, toothed so deep as to appear lobed. Dentately-pinnatifid, toothed so deep as to appear pinnatifid. Dentately-runcinate, toothed so deep as to appear runcinate. Dentately-serrated, having the margin divided into incisions, resembling the teeth of a saw. Dentately-sinuated, having the margin scolloped and toothed. Denticulate, \ having the margins finely and slight- Denticulated, f ly toothed. Denticulately-serrated, having the margins finely toothed, resembling a very fine saw. Denticulately-ciliated, having the margin so finely toothed as to appear edged with hairs. Denticulately-scabrous, having rough denticulations. Denticulations, very small teeth. Deobstruent, having the power of removing obstruc- tions, a term in medicine. Dependent, hanging down. Depressed, pressed down, low, having the appear- ance of being pressed. Depurated, purified, cleansed. Despumate, to throw out a froth or scum. Detergent, detersive, having the power of cleans- ing ; a term in medicine. Diadelphous, stamens are said to be so when they are connected into two bodies. Diandrous, having two stamens. Diaphanous, transparent. Diaphoretic, promoting perspiration. Dichotomous, ramifying in pairs. Dlchotomously-branched, branched in a dichoto- mous manner. See Dichotomous. Dichotomously-panicled, having a panicle divided in a dichotomous manner. Didymous, two, united, usually applied to the fruit when they appear twin. Didynamous, having two long stamens and two short ones in the same flower, each pair being colla- teral. Dietetic, relating to food or diet. Difform, \ two forms, used to express irregu- Difformed, j larity. Diffuse, scattered, widely spread. Diffusible, such as may be spread. Digitate, \ fingered ; shaped like the hand spread Digitated, ) open. Digitately-lobed, lobed in a digitate manner. See Digitate. Digitately-pinnate, pinnated in a digitate manner. Digynous, having two styles or female organs. Dilated, widened. Diluent, something diluting. Dimidiate, halved, divided into two parts. Dioecious. When a plant bears female flowers on one individual and males on another, it is called dioecious. Disciform, having the form of a disk. See Disk. Discoid, when in compositae the florets are all tu- bular, the head of flowers is said to be discoid. In other cases, when the florets of the centre of a head of flowers are more perfect than the rest, they are called discoid. Finally, when any thing is dilated into something which may be compared to a disk, the term discoid is also made use of. Disk, the fleshy annular process that surrounds the ovary in many flowers ; a receptacle which ad- heres to the calyx ; also the surface of a leaf ; also the centre of a head of flowers of com- positae. Discutient, having the power to scatter the matter of tumours ; a term in medicine. Dissepiment, the partitions by which a seed-vessel is divided internally. Distich, I producing leaves, flowers, or branches Distichous, J in two opposite rows. Distinct, separate, not joined nor meeting together. Di-trichotomous, divided in twos or threes ; stems continually dividing into double or treble rami- fications : the term is sometimes applied to a panicle of flowers. Diuretic, having the power of promoting the flow of urine. Divaricate, \ Divaricated, > growing in a straggling manner. Divaricating, ) Divergent, \ going far from one point, or far asun- Diverging, ) der; applied to branches and leaves. Dodecandrous, having 12 stamens. Dolabriform, having the form of an axe or hatchet. Dorsal, on the back, or growing on the back. Dots, may be either pellucid, resinous, or hairy. Doubly-serrated, twice serrated. See Serrated. Down, soft short hairs like down. Downy-villous, covered with long soft hairsl ike down. Downy-pubescent, soft short down, closely pressed to the surface. Drastic, applied to medicines which act violently. Drupe, a kind of fruit consisting of a fleshy succu- lent rind, and containing a hard stone in the middle — olive, plum, cherry. Drupaceous, form of a drupe, fleshy. Dyspepsia, difficulty of digestion ; a term in me- dicine. E. Eared, having ears or appendages. Echinate, \ covered with prickles, like a hedge- Echinated, ) hog. Edible, eatable. Effuse, applied to inflorescence, and means a kind of panicle, with a very loose 1-seeded arrange- ment. Effusely-panicled, panicled in an effuse manner. Electuaries, a medicine of conserves and powders, the consistence of honey. Elephantiasis, a disease in which the limbs become prodigiously swollen and finally fall off. Elevated, any thing that rises above the surface. Ellipsoid, form of an ellipsis. Elttntici I ( f°rmec' "ke an ellipsis, an oval figure. Elliptic or elliptical, when joined by a hyphen to another word, signifies a form between the two words; thus, elliptic-spatttlate, elliptic-lanceolate, elliptically-spatulate, elliptical-ovate, elliptical-ob- ovate, &c. Elongated, lengthened out. Emarginate, having a small notch at the end or tip. Emarginately-2-lobed, so deeply emarginate as to form two lobes. Embossed, projecting in the centre like the boss, or umbo, of a round shield or target. Embracing, a leaf is said to embrace a stem when it clasps it round with its base. Embryo, the young plant in the seed. Emetic, that which produces vomiting. Emersed, applied to those leaves of water plants, which are above the water. Emmenagogue, any medicine that promotes men- struation. Emollient, softening. Emulsions, medicines made of bruised oily seeds. Endocarp, the inner membrane of fruit which forms the cells, usually under the sarcocarp. It is various in consistence. Endopleura, the inner coat of seeds under the sper- maderm. Endosperm, the same as albumen. Enlarged, grown large. Ensate, T shaped like a sword with a straight Ensiform, f blade. Entire, not notched. Epicarp, the outside covering of a fruit. Epidermis, the outer skin of the bark. Epiplnjllous, growing upon the leaves. Epipetalous, growing upon the petals. Epigi/nous, growing upon the style or ovary. Epiphytes, plants which grow upon other plants without deriving any nutriment from them. Equal, applied to petals and sepals when they are equal in size and shape with each other ; to the calyx in Crucifertc, when it is without pouches at the base. Equidistant, a mode of vernation, or of arrange- ment of leaves with respect to each other, in which the sides or edges alternately overlap each other. Erectly-spreading, between erect and spreading. Erase, gnawed, bitten, a term used to denote a particular kind of irregular denticulation. Erosely-toothed, when the teeth are gnawed or erose. Erosely-serrated, when the serratures are gnawed. Errhine, promoting a discharge of mucous from the nostrils. Escharotic, having the power to burn the skin. Esculent, good for food. Even, applied to a surface when it is not wrinkled or curled, but smooth and even. Evanescent, quickly vanishing. Evolved, unfolded. Exarillate, without aril. See Aril. Exalbuminous, without albumen. See Albumen. Excavated, hollowed out. Excentral, out of the centre. Excoriate, stripped of the bark or skin. Excurrent, projecting or running beyond the edge or point of any thing. Exotic, foreign. Expectorant, any thing that promotes the discharge of mucous from the chest Exserted, projecting much beyond something else. Exsiccated, dried up. Extra-axillary, growing from above or below the axils of the leaves or branches. Extra-foliaceous, away from the leaves, or inserted in a different place from them. Exstipnlate, without stipulas. See Stipulas. Exuvia, whatever is cast off from plants. F. Fcecula, the nutritious powder of wheat or other things, the albumen of seeds. Falcate, 1 . . ,., • i » ™«y»™,}bentllkeasickle- Falsely >-2-valved, having two valves, which are not of the same nature as other valves. Fan-nerved, the nerves disposed in the manner of a fan. Farinaceous, full of flour. Farina, meal. Farinaceously-tomentose, \ covered with a mealy kind Farinosely-tomentose, / of down. Farinose, mealy. Fasciated, faced, having white blotches or stripes. Fascicled, in bundles or parcels. Fascicles, parcels or bundles. Fascicled-hairs, hairs in parcels. j^j^fo'8'} arranged in bundles or parcels. Fascicled-whorles, arranged in parcels, but still forming a whorl or circle. Fascicled-racemes, disposed in separate parcels, tin- whole forming a raceme. Fasciculately-tuberous,) roots composed of a parcrl Fascicled-tuberous, / or parcels of tubers. Fastigiate, tapering to a narrow point like a py- ramid. XVI GLOSSARY. Fastigiately-branched, branched in such a manner, the branches becoming gradually shorter from the base to the apex. Fastigiately-corymbose, a corymb, whose branches gradually become shorter towards the top, like a pyramid. Fauces, the jaws, the gaping part of monopetalous flowers. Favose, pitted or excavated, like the cells of a honeycomb. Favosely-scrobiculate, excavated in little pits or hollows. Feathery, resembling a feather. Feather-nerved, the nerves disposed like the feathers of a pen. Febrifuge. ) ~ . , ^. ,. Febrifugal, } efficacious ln moderating fevers. Feculent, muddy, thick with sediment. Fecundation, the act of making fruitful. Ferruginous. ~\ . Ferruginous, / "-on-coloured, rusty. Fibrillose, covered with little strings or fibres. Fibrous, being composed of fibres. Filamentose, thready. Filiform, like a thread in form. Fimbriate, fringed. Finger-parted, divided into lobes, having a fan- ciful resemblance to the five fingers of a human hand- firm, hardish, firm, not soft. Fistular, ~\ Fistuhui, > hollow, like a pipe. Fistulose, ) Flaccid, feeble, weak. Flagellie, runners without leaves. Flagellteform, form of runners, creeping along the ground. Flat, plane. Flexile, capable of being bent in different directions, pliable. Fle.ruous, having a bent or undulating direction, zigzag. F loccose, \ t locky, ) Floccosely-tomentose, down disposed in little tufts. Flocullosely-scabrous, covered with rough hairs in tufts. Floral, of or belonging to a flower, near the flower. Floral-envelopes, the calyx, bracteas, and corolla, which envelope the inner parts of the flower are all so called. Florets, little flowers, chiefly applied to composite and grasses. Floriferous, that which bears flowers. Flosculous, compound flowers, consisting of many tubular monopetalous florets. Foliaceous, having the form of leaves. Foliate, when a leaf is divided into leaflets it is called 1-2-3-10 or 12-foliate, according to the number of leaflets. Follicle, a particular kind of two-valved seed-vessel, such as those of Hakea and Paonia. Follicular, resembling a follicle. Footstalks, the stalks of leaves. Fornicate, arched. Foveate \ j d fu)1 f ,; , j Foveolate,) r Foveolte, little pits or hollows. Free, free from each other, not connected together, usually applied to stamens ; the ovary or fruit is said to be free when it neither adheres to the co- rolla nor calyx. Fringed, having a border like a fringe. Fringe-toothed, having a border toothed so as to appear fringed. Frond, the leaves of palms and ferns. Front, in Aconitum, the front of the helmet or upper sepal. Frosted, covered with glittering particles. Fructiferous, that which bears fruit. Fructification, all those parts composing the fruit of plants. r ruttcose, Fruticulose, a little shrub. Fugacious, that which lasts but for a short time. Fulcra, scales and stipulas, &c. Fulvous, tawny-yellow, or fox-coloured. Fungous, having the consistence of fungi or mush- rooms. Funicle, a little stalk, by which the seed is attached to the placenta. Furcate, forked. Furcately-divided, divided in a furcate manner. Furfuraceous, scaly, mealy, scurfy. Furrowed, having longitudinal channels or furrows. Fuscous, blackish-brown. Fusiform, spindle-shaped, like the root of a carrot. G. Galeate, helmeted ; the upper lip of a ringent co- rolla is the galea of that corolla. Gamosepalous, when the sepals are joined together at the base, they are so called, improperly mono- sepalous. Gelatine, jelly, a term in chemistry. Gelatinous, consisting of jelly. Geminate, twin. Gemma, leaf buds, as distinguished from alabastra or flower-buds. Gemmiferous, bearing buds. Genitals, styles and stamina. Germ or Germen, the old name of the ovary. Germen-inferior, fruit below the flower. Germen-superior, fruit above the flower. Germination, the first act of vegetation in a seed. Gibbo, in Aconitum, the swelling of the tube of the petals or nectaries. Gibbous, protuberant, swelled. Gibbosity, a protuberance or swelling. Girded, surrounding any thing. Glabrous, smooth, destitute of hairs. Gladiate, shaped like a short straight sword. Glandular, having glands. Glandularly-crenated, \ having crenatures or serra- Glandularly-serrated, ) tures tipped with glands. Glandularly-muricated, covered with tubercles tipped with glands. Glandularly-pilose, covered with glandular hairs. Glandularly-toothed, margins toothed, with the teeth bearing glands. Glanduliferous, bearing glands. Glaucescent, having something of a bluish-green, hoary, or sea-green appearance. Glaucous, having a decided hoary-grey surface. Globose, 1 » . i ^,17 f round or spherical. Globular, ) Globosely-elliptical, between spherical and oval. Globosely-ovate, between spherical and egg-shaped. Globulose, a diminutive of globose. Glochidate, having hairs, the ends of which are split and hooked back. Glomerate, ) ^-, , . ^ , , Gl t d t Satnere° lnto round heaps or heads. Glumaceous, plants are said to be glumaceous when their flowers are like those of grasses. Glume, a part of the floral envelopes of a grass. Gluten, glue. Glutinous,) dh ; , Glutmose, ) ' Gomopetalous, improperly monopetalous. Graniform, formed like grains of corn. Granuliferous, bearing grains. Greenish-glaucous, of a colour between grey and green. Gregarious, herding together. Grooved, furrowed, channelled, marked with grooves. Grumose, clubbed, knotted, contracted at intervals into knots. Gynandrous, having the stamens and style com- bined in one body. (?ynoi«s«,afleshyreceptacle, bearing separate fruits. Gynobasic, having a gynobase. Gynophore, a lengthened receptacle, bearing the petals, stamens, and pistil, but not the calyx. Gynous, flowers are said to be 3-4-5-6-7, &c. gynous, when they contain so many styles. Gyrose, turned round like a crook. H. Habit, features or general appearance of a plant. Habitat, habitation, native country. Hemorrhages, copious bleeding. Hiemorrhoids, a kind of disease called the piles. Hairy, covered with long hairs. Hairy-canescent, covered with grey hairs. Hairy-pubescent, covered with short soft hairs. Hairy-tomentose, covered with dense, white, close, curled hairs. Hastate, formed like the head of a halbert. Hastately-cordate, between halbert - shaped and heart-shaped. Hastately-kidney-sliaped, a form between halbert- ' shaped and kidney-shaped. Hastately-lanceolate, between halbert - shaped and lance-shaped. Hastately-4-5-lobed, lobed in such a manner as still to appear somewhat halbert-shaped. Hastately-2-eared, a leaf having two ears at the base, giving it the appearance of a halbert. Haulm, dead stems of herbs. Helmet, the same as Galea. See Galeate. The upper sepal in Aconitum. Hemispherico-conical, a shape between a globe and a cone. Herbaceous, a plant the stem of which perishes an- nually. Hermaphrodite, a flower is so called when it consists both of male and female organs. Hexagonal, six-sided. Hexandrous, having six stamens. Hibernaculum, any thing which serves as a protec- tion to the young buds during winter. „.. ( the scar or mark on the seed which in- „ , ' < dicates the place by which it adheres to •^'"m'\ the placenta. Hirsutely-tomentose, covered with dense, close, white hairs. Hispid, covered with stiff hairs. Hispidly-ciliated, fringed with stiff hairs. Hispidly-villous, covered with stiff villi. Hoary, covered with grey or white down. Hoary -pubescent, covered with white down, which is pressed to the surface. Hoary-tomentose, covered with white tomentum ; which see. Hoary-velvety, covered with white velvety down. Hoary-villous, covered with white villi. Holosericeous, covered all over with silky down. Hollow- leaf, form of a cowl, concave above. Homogeneous, having a uniform nature, or principle, or composition. Honey-combed, having pits like a honeycomb. Honey-pore, the pore in flowers which secretes honey. Honey-scales, the scales in flowers which secrete honey. Hooded, being hollowed into the form of a hood. Horn, any awl-shaped stiff process is called a horn. Horny, hard, the consistence of a horn. Hyaline, crystalline, transparent. Hybrid, a mule, partaking of the nature of two species. Hydragogue, that which removes dropsy. Hygrometrical, indicating the approach of moisture. Hypocrateriform, salver-shaped. liypogynous, situated below the ovarium. Hypophyllous, situated under the leaf. GLOSSARY. XVll I. Icosandrous, having 20 stamens or more. Imbricate j ,aid ovfir each Qther 1;, Imbricated, ) Immarginate, without a margin. Immersed, buried in ; applied to the leaves of water plants when they grow under water, also to the ovary when it is buried in the disk. Impari-pinnate, leaves pinnate, with a terminal or odd leaflet. Impressed, pressed into. Inarticulated, without joints. Inciso-repand, cut and repand. Inclined, bending inwards, forming a curve. Incomplete, not full. Incumbent, lying upon any thing; in Cruciferai when the radicle lies upon the back of the co- tyledons. Incurved, bending inwards. Indefinite, that which cannot be counted, an irregu- lar number. Indehiscent, not dehiscent, not opening. Induplicate, doubled inwards, folded inwards. Indurated, hardened. Indusiuni, the membrane that incloses the thecae in ferns. Inferior, any thing placed below the ovary is so called, the lowest of any thing ; the ovary or fruit is said to be inferior when it is crowned by the calyx, petals, and stamens ; a radicle is said to be inferior when it is situated at the lower end of the seed at the hylum. Inflexed, bent inwards. Inflorescence, disposition of the flowers. Infra-axillary, below the axils of the leaves. Infracted, bending inwards. Inner-angle of the fruit or cells, the central placenta. Inspissated, thickened, spoken of sap or other liquor. Integument, the outer covering of seeds. Intermediate, between two plants ; the middle one of any thing. Intermediate is applied to the styles in Oxalis when they are longer than the outer stamens, and shorter than the inner ones. Internodes, the space between the joints in stems. Interpetiolar, between the petioles or leafstalks. Interrupted, any thing which is not continuous, but is separated by gaps or vacancies. Interruptedly-crested, crested at intervals. Interruptedly- lyrate, lyratedwith smaller lobes inter- vening between the larger ones. Interruptedly-pinnate, pinnate with smaller leaflets intervening between the larger ones. Interruptedly-pinnatifid, pinnatifid with smaller lobes intervening between the larger ones. Interstices, spaces between one thing and another. Intenalvular, in the middle of the valves. Intra- axillary, within the axils of leaves. Intricate, entangled. nverse, i y down, opposed to direct. Inverted, ) ' Involucel, a small involucre. Involucelled, having an involucel. i the bracteas which surround the flow- ers or umbels, particularly in um- belliferous plants. Involucrate, ) , • -, . ', > having an involucrum. Involucrated, ) Involute, rolled inwards. 3. d, cut in a coarse manner. Joints, the places at which the pieces of the stem are articulated with each other. K. Keel, when the mid-rib of a leaf or petal is sharp and elevated externally, it is called a keel ; in VOL. I. papilionaceous flowers the lower petal is called the keel. Keeled, having a keel. Kneed, knee-jointed, bent like the knee joint. L. Labellitm, the front segment of an orchideous or other flower, the lower petal, the lip. Labiate, having a lip or lips. •v ( Involucre, \ Involucrum, | Laceratety-tootlwd, toothed in a coarse irregular manner. Laciniate, \jagged, cut, or divided into unequal Laciniated, ) segments. Lactescent, yielding milky juice. Lacuna;, little pits or depressions, applied to vessels when they are full of air. Lacunose, covered with little pits or depressions. Lamellate, \ divided by little plates, or covered Lamellated, $ with little plates. Lamellose, having little plates. Lamina, generally applied to a leaf of a plant, con- sidered without its petiole. Lanceolate, lance or spear-shaped. Lanceolate, when joined by a hyphen to another word, signifies a figure between the two words, as lanceolate-linear, lanceolate-spaLnlate, lanceolate- oblong, lanceolate-obovate, &c. Lateral, on one side, or on the sides. Lax, loose, not compact. Leaflets, small parts of leaves of compound leaves. Leafy, covered with leaves, or the consistence of a leaf. Leathery, thick, the consistence of leather. Legume, \ a pod, the fruit of leguminous plants, a Legumen,) pea-pod, &c. Leguminous, plants which bear legumes, such as the pea, the bean, &c. Lenticular, shaped like a lens or pea. Lentiform, shaped like a lens. Lepidoted, covered with prominent dots. Leprous, covered with spots or scales like leprosy. Leprosy, covered with scales or dots resembling the leprosy. T ( covered with white or silvery Leprously-St hery, I d sc^s QI gcurf ^^ Leprously-wlnte, ^ bling the leprosy. Leprously-tomentose, covered with shaggy down, having the appearance of leprosy. Liber, the inner bark. Lid, the calyx which falls off from the flower in a single piece, or the lid of a fruit which separates in a single piece. Ligula, ) the membrane at the top of the petiole of Ligulce, f grasses, and other plants, straps. Ligulate, strap-like, having the form of a strap. Ligulately-setaceous, between the form of a strap and a bristle. Limbate, having a dilated surface. Limb, the border of a flower, the spreading part. Line, in length the eighth of an inch. Linear, narrow, when the two sides are nearly parallel. Linear, when joined by a hyphen to another word, signifies a form between the two words, as, linear- filiform, linear-ensate, linear-subulate, linear-lance- olate, linear-spatulate, linear-setaceous, linear- triangular, triangular and linear ; linear-elon- gated, linear and elongated ; linear-sagittate, sa- gittate and linear, &c. Linearly-cuneated, between linear and wedge- shaped. Lined, having lines or streaks. Linguiform, ) ^ , , Ungulate, ' J tongue-shaped. Lip, the lower petal of any irregular flower. In Aconitum the lower part of the tube of petals or nectaries. Lipped, having lips. Lithontriptic, having the power of breaking the stone. Lobate, divided into lobes. Lobately-erenated, having deep crenatures or inden- tations. Lobately-winged, having lobed wings. Lobe, a division. Lobed, divided into lobes. Lobulate, having small lobes. Lobules, small lobes. Located, placed. Loculaments, partitions, or cells of a seed-vessel. Locular, a fruit is called unilocular if it contains but one cell ; bilocular if it contains two cells ; and trilocular if it contains three cells ; and so on. Loculate, having cells. Lament, a kind of pod, which falls in pieces when ripe at the joints. Lomentaceous, bearing fruit called loments. Long, applied to the styles in O'xalis, signifies that they are longer than all the stamens. Long-acuminated, having a long taper-point. Lorate, shaped like a thong or strap. Lubricate, to make slippery. Lucid, bright, shining. Lunate, ~\ Lunulate, > shaped like a half-moon. Lunulately, ) Lurid, a colour between purple, yellow, and grey. Lymphatic, of or belonging to the lymph or sap. Lyrate, shaped like a lyre. Lyrately-pinnate, pinnate in a lyrate manner. Lyrately -pinnatifid, pinnatifid in a lyrate manner. M. Macerate, to decompose by steeping in water or other liquor. Mammteform, formed like a nipple or nipples. Marcescent, permanent, when withered not falling off. Margin, edge or border. Marginal, relating to the margin. Marginated, ^ i Margined, '} having a margm. Masticatory, grinding or chewing with the teeth. Matrix, a place where any thing is generated or formed. Medulla, the pith of a plant Medullary, relating to the pith of plants. Melliferous, bearing honey. Membranous, ~\ Membraneous, > having the texture of a membrane. Membranaceous, ) Menstruum, a liquor used as a dissolvent. Meshes, the openings of any tissue. Micacious, glittering or shining. Mica, glittering particles. Mid-rib, the middle vein of a leaf which passes from the petiole to the apex. Miliary, granulated, resembling many seeds. Mitriform, formed like a mitre. Monadelphous, having the filaments cohering into a tube. Monandrous, having only one stamen. Moniliform, formed like a necklace, that is to say, with alternate swellings and contractions, resem- bling a string of beads. Monocotyledonous, having only one seed- leaf or coty- ledon. Monoecious, having the one sex in one flower, and the other in another on the same plant. Monopetalous, having only one petal. Monosepalous, having only one sepal. Mordant, that which enables vegetable matter or tissue to receive dyes or colouring matter, and to retain them. Mottled, marked with blotches of colour of unequal intensity, passing insensibly into each other. Mucilage, a turbid slimy fluid. Mamma^ jsh ; Mucronatea, ) Mucronately-acuminated, with a taper-point ending in a mucrone. xvm GLOSSARY. f serrate or toothed, having thecrenatures, serratures, Mucronately-toothed, \ or teeth ending in a V. sharp point. Mucronately-pungent, having a sharp prickly point. Mucrone, a small sharp point Mucronulate ) ^ ,. j h d . . Mucronulated, S Mulch, a gardener's term for the placing manure about the roots of trees, on the surface of the ground. Multifarious, very numerous, or arranged in many rows. Multifid, cleft into many parts. Multifidly-pinnatifid, a leaf is so called when it is pinnately-lobed, and these lobes are again divided into many parts. Multipartite, divided into many parts. Multiple, many times more ; applied to numbers. Multiplex, much multiplied. Mtiricate, ) . . , . . •\r • , j r covered with short sharp points. MuncttUOf ) Muricately-liispid, covered with short, sharp, stiff bristles. N. Naked, without hairs, without leaves, or without branches, &c. Nakedish, nearly destitute of hairs or leaves. Napiform, formed like a turnip, tuberous. Narcotic, producing sleep or torpor. Narrowed, tapering. Navicular, boat-shaped. Neck, the upper tapering end in bulbs or other plants is called the neck. Nectarial, of or belonging to the nectary. Nectariferous, bearing honey or nectaries. Nectariferous-tube, in Pelargonium, is the tube or swelled part at the top of the pedicel. Nectarium, \ that part of a flower which produces Nectary, f honey. Nervedly-furrowed, with furrows like nerves. Nerveless, without nerves. Nerves, the strong veins upon leaves or flowers. Nervose, 1 /. ,, i. Nervous I ) f"« of nerves. Nervosely-f arrowed or streaked, "I having nerves like Nervously-furrowed or streaked, / furrows or streaks. Netted, having the veins reticulated. Nt'ttter, neither male nor female. Nidulant, nestling, lying among any thing, as a bird in its nest. Nidus, the nest of any thing. Nodding, having a drooping position. Nodi, the swelled articulations of stems ; the place where one joint is articulated with another. Nodose, having many nodi or knots. Nodules, small hard nodi or knots. Nucleus, the kernel of a nut. Nucamentaceous, producing nuts. Nuts, seeds covered with hard shells. O. Ob, is used in the composition of Latin technicals, to indicate the thing is inverted, such as obovate is inversely ovate, obcordate is inversely cor- date, and oblanceolate inversely-lanceolate, &c. Obconical, inversely conical. Obcordate, inversely cordate. Obcordately-tivo-lobed, inversely cordate, with the indentation very deep, so as to appear of two lobes. Oblong, when joined by a hyphen to another word, signifies a form between the two words, as, oblong- elliptical, oblong-linear, Mong-cuneate, oblong-lan- ceolate, oblong-spatulate, oblong-rhomboid, oblong- sagittate, oblong and arrow-shaped. Oblong-triquetrous, oblong and three-sided. Obliquely-cordate, cordate in an oblique manner. Obliqucly-repand, a leaf having a margin undulated, and unequally and obliquely dilated, is said to be obliquely- repand. Obliquely-truncate, cut off in an oblique manner. Obovate, \ inversely egg-shaped, with the broadest Obovoid, ) end uppermost. Obovate, when joined by a hyphen to another word, signifies a shape between the two words, thus, obovate-spatulate, a shape between obovate and spatulate ; obovate-oblong, obovately-oblong, be- tween obovate and oblong ; obovate-lanceolate, between obovate and lance-shaped ; obovate-cune- ated, a figure between obovate and wedge-shaped; obovate-roundish, a figure between circular and obovate ; obovate-rhomboid, a figure between obo- vate and rhomb-shape, See. Obovate-cuneated, \ between obovate and Obovately-cuneated, > wedge-shaped, with the Obovately-wedge-shaped, ) broadest end uppermost. Obsolete, hardly evident. Obsoletely-toothed, scarcely toothed. Obtuse-angled, having blunt angles. Obvolute, having one part rolled upon another. Occidental, coming from the west. Ochraceous, having the colour of yellow ochre. Octandrous, having eight stamens. Octogynous, having eight styles. Officinal, any thing that has been or is sold in shops. Oleaginous, having the qualities of oil. Oleraceous, esculent, eatable. Opaque, want of transparency. Operculum, a lid. Opiate, having the power of opium. Orbiculate,) • , * • T rt t,- i f circular or spherical. Orbicular, ) Orbiculately-depressed, spherical, but depressed on the top. Orbiculately-elliptical, a form between circular and elliptical. Orbiculately-obovate, a form between circular and obovate. Orbicularly-rhomboid, a figure between circular and rhomb-shaped; orbicularly-reniform, a figure be- tween circular and kidney-shaped. Orchideous, of or belonging to the natural order of Orchidert. Orifice, an opening. Oscillatory, moving like a vane or weather-cock. Ossified, become like bone. Ova, the eggs of any thing, the seeds before they are mature. Oval, when joined to another word by a hyphen, signifies a figure between the two words, as, oval- rhomboid, between oval and rhomb-shaped ; oval- lanceolate, between oval and lance-shaped ; oval- oblong, a shape between oval and oblong, &c. Oval, having the figure of ellipsis. Ovate, the shape of an egg, with the broad end downwards. Ovate-globose, 1 between egg-shaped and sphe- Ovate-spkeroid, f rical. Ovary or Ovarium, the germ, the part of the flower in which the young seeds are contained. Ovate, when joined by a hyphen to another word, signifies a figure between the two words, thus, ovate-cordate, ovate and heart-shaped ; ovate-ellip- tical, a figure between egg-shaped and elliptical ; ovate-oblong, a figure between egg-shaped and oblong; ovate-orbicular, a figure between egg- shaped and circular; ovate-lanceolate, a figure be- tween ovate and lance-shaped ; ovate-spatulate, a figure between egg-shaped and spatulate. Ovate-cylindrical, egg-shaped and cylindrical. Ovately-trapeziform, a form between an egg and a trapezium. Overlapping, when the margin of one thing lies upon that of another it is said to overlap. Ovoid, egg-shaped. Orula, the seeds in the ovary before they are mature, the same as ova. Ovulate, containing ova, 2-3-4-ovulate, containing 2-3 or 4 young seeds. Ovules, the young seeds of plants contained in the ovary. P. Palate, the mouth of a ringent flower. Paleaceous, abounding with chaffy scales. Palmate, \ divided so as to resemble a hand spread Palmated, ) open. Palmate- lobed, 1 , , , . Palmately-lobed, f lobed m a Palmate ™nner. Palmate- parted, 1 , . Palmatcly-parted, f Parted ln a Palmate Banner. Palmately-cleft, cleft in a palmate manner. Palmately-mullifid, palmate, having the leaflets finely-multifid. Palmatifid, divided so as to resemble a hand. Panicle, a loose disposition of inflorescence, as oats. Panicled, 1 ,. . . . Paniculate, j forming a panicle. Paniculately-branched, branched in a loose manner. Paniculately-corymboss, having a loose corymb. Paniculately-dichotomous, having a panicle, dividing in a dichotomous manner. Paniculately-racemose, having numerous racemes, forming a panicle. Papilionaceous, butterfly-shaped flowers, as the com- mon pea. Papilla, small soft excrescences. Papillose, \ having small glandular excrescences Papillous, f like pimples. Pappus, crown of the seeds of composite and similar plants. Papula, round, soft, watery protuberances. Papulose, covered with papulae. Papyraceous, the consistence of paper. Parabolical, form of a parabola, longer than broad, tapering gradually to both ends. Parencbyma, all the parts of plants which consist of cellular tissue. Parietal, being attached to the sides or walls of the ovary. Parietes, the sides of the ovary or capsule. Parted, divided, but not to the base, 3-4 or 5- parted, divided into 3-4 or 5 parts. Partition, a division. Patent, spread out or expanded. Patulous, slightly spreading. Pectinate, \ resembling the teeth of a comb. Pectinated, ) Pectinately-ciliated, ciliated in such a manner as to resemble the teeth of a comb. Pectinately-jagged, jagged in such a manner as to resemble the teeth of a comb. Pectinately-pinnate-lobed, having leaflets or lobes finely pectinated. Pectinately-pinnatifid, pinnatifid in a pectinate manner. Pectoral, relating to the breast Pedate, leaves when they are cut in divisions ; the outer divisions again lobed, are called pedate. Pedately, divided in a pedate manner. Pedately-many-parted, cut into many divisions in a pedate manner. Pedately-nmltifid, divided into many parts in a pe- date manner. Pedatifid, cut into lobes, the lateral ones of which do not radiate from the petiole like the rest Pedicel, small footstalks of flowers; commonly ap- plied to the partial footstalks of flowers. f \ stalked, having pedicels. Pedicelle'l, } Peduncle, flower-stalk, usually applied to the com- mon footstalk of a number of flowers, sometimes only of one flower. Pedimclfd, ~\ Pedunculate, > having stalks or peduncles. Pedunculated, ) Pellicle, a thin skin, which envelopes certain seeds. Pellucid, bright, transparent Peltate, a leaf is said to be peltate when the petiole GLOSSARY. XIX is fixed in the disk instead of the margin, like the handle of a shield. Peltately-cordate, between heart-shaped and peltate. Peltately-rayed, rayed in a peltate manner. Peltate-nerved, the nerves of a leaf disposed in a peltate manner, radiating from the centre. Pencilled, marked in lines as with a pencil, or having the appearance of hair pencil, as the stigmas of numerous species of Oxalis. Penal-formed, resembling a hair pencil. Pendulous, drooping, hanging down. Pentagonal, having five angles. Pentagynous, having five styles. Pentandrous, having five stamens. Pentapetalous, having five petals. Perennial, lasting many years without perishing. Perfoliate, when the stem passes through the base of a leaf, the leaf is said to be perfoliate. Perforated, bored, or apparently so, full of holes. Perianth, Perianthium, the envelope which surrounds the flower. This term is applied when the calyx cannot be distinguished from the corolla, as in Lilium, Allium, &c. Pericarp, the seed-vessel, Perichatial, leaves which in mosses surround the base of the stalk of the theca. Perigone, the calyx and corolla. Perigynous, inserted in the calyx, or in the disk which adheres to the calyx. Perisperm, the same as albumen, which see. Peristome, the rim which surrounds the orifice of the theca of a moss. Peripherie, circular, curved. Perithecium, Peridium, different kinds of envelopes of the reproductive organs of Fungi. Permanent,) ; . f m ff Persistent, ) Pervious, having a passage through which any thing can be transmitted. Petal-like-scales in Caryophylleae, the scales which are fixed to the petals at the throat. Petalled, having petals. Petaloid, like petals. Petals, divisions of a corolla. KS?}*** *«-•»» Petiolar, of or belonging to the petioles. Petioles, footstalks of leaves. Petiolulate, having little petioles. Petiolules, little petioles. Phanogamous, such plants as are visibly furnished with sexual organs. Pharmaceutical, relating to the art of pharmacy. Phthisis, relating to the lungs. Phy/lodium, a dilated petiole, with the consistence of a leaf. Pili, long stiffish hairs. Piliate, having a cap or lid like the cap of a mushroom. Piliferous, bearing hairs. Pilose, covered with long soft hairs. Pilosely-hairy, covered with long hairs. Pilosely-hispid, beset with stiff long hairs. Pilosely-pubescent, covered with longish pubescence. Piloselij-scabrous, covered with long stiff hairs. Pilosely-strigose, beset with unequal stiff hairs. Pilosely-tomentose, covered with longish tomentum. Pimpled, covered with minute pustules, resembling pimples. Pinna, Pinmilir., the leaflets of a pinnate leaf. Pinnate, a leaf is so called when it is divided into numerous smaller leaves or leaflets, as the leaves of the ash. Pinnately-cut, cut in a pinnate manner. Pinnately-decompound, compounded in a pinnate manner. Pinnalely-lobed, lobed in a pinnate manner. Pinnate-parted, divided into lobes in a pinnate manner, but not exactly to the base. Pinnately-multifid, pinnate, and having the leaflets finely-multifid. Pimmtely-quinatt, having 5 leaflets disposed in a pinnate manner. Pinnatifid, a leaf is so called when it is divided into lobes from the margin nearly to the mid- rib. Pinnatifdly-sinuated, scolloped in a pinnatifid man- ner: pinnatijidly-lyrate, lyrate in a pinnatifid man- ner ; pinnatifidly-serrated, serrated in a pinnatifid manner ; pinnatijidly-runcinate, runcinate in a pin- natifid manner ; pinnatifidly-toothed, toothed in a pinnatifid manner ; pinnatifidly-lobed, lobed in a pinnatifid manner, &c. Pisiform, formed like a pea or peas. / the columnar body in the centre of a Pistil, J flower, consisting commonly of three Pistillum, "\ parts, viz. the ovary, styles, and Pitchers, hollow leaves, so called. Pith, medulla, occupying the centre of a stem or shoot. Placenta, that part of the capsule which the seeds are attached to. Placentariuus, having placentas, acting as a placenta, bearing the seeds. Placentiferous, bearing placentas. Plane, flat. Plethoric, having a full habit. Plicate, plaited, 4, 5, or (t-plicate, having 4, 5, or 6 plaits. Plumose, feathery, resembling feathers. Plumule, the centre bud between the cotyledons in the embryo of a plant. Plurilocular, having many cells. Pod, a kind of seed-vessel, such as that of the pea tribe. Podosperm, the stalk on which some seeds are borne. Pollen, powder contained in the anthers, composed of globules, containing the fecundating fluid j on leaves the bloom. Polyandrous, having more stamens than 20 inserted in the receptacle. Polygamous, a plant is said to be polygamous when some flowers are male, some female, and others hermaphrodite on the same plant. Polygamo- Dioecious, having male and female flowers on the same plant. Polymorphous, assuming various appearances. Polypetalous, having many petals. Polyphore, an elongated receptacle, which bears many ovaries, but not the petals nor stamens. Polyspermous, containing many seeds. Pome, an apple or pear, or such like fruits, crowned by the calyx. Pores, apertures in the cuticle through which tran- spiration takes place, or apertures in the an- thers through which the pollen is ejected. Porrect, extended forward. Pouch, a little sack or bag at the base of some petals and sepals. Pouter"*' } covered a* if with Powder. Preemorse, appearing as if bitten off. Precocity, ripe before the usual time. Pressed, close, not spreading. Primordial, usually applied to leaves, the first leaves. Prismatic, formed as a prism. Proboscis-Wee, having a beak, form of a trumpet, curved. Process, \ protrusions either natural or mon- Processes, f strous. Proliferous, a plant is said to be proliferous when it produces young plants about its root in abun- dance. Propendent, hanging forwards and downwards. Pruinose, covered with glittering particles, as if fine dew had been congealed upon it. Pruinosely-vclvety or pubescent, covered with short glittering down. Prurient, stinging. Pseudospermous, a false seed, a small carpel, as those of Ranunculus and Clematis. Puberulous, covered with spreading down. Pubescence, down, short soft hairs. Pubescent, covered with pubescence. b 2 Pubescent ly-pilose, covered with soft pressed hairs. Pubescently-tomentose, covered with dense short white down. Pulverized, reduced to powder. Puhinate, become cushion-shaped. Punctate, covered with dots. Puticlately-warted, covered with little warts like dots. Punctiform, formed like little points or dots. Pungent, stinging or pricking. Pustular, \ covered with glandular excrescences Pustulate, ) like pustules. Pustules, pimples or little blisters. Putamen, a nut of many cells. Pyramidal, formed like a pyramid. Pyramidately-subidate, thick at the base, and narrow at the apex. Pyriform, shaped like a pear. Pyxidiform, a capsule is called a pyxidium when it divides transversely into two cells. Q. Quadrangular, having four angles. Quadrate, square. Quadrately-divaricate, branching in such a manner as to form a square. Quadrifarious, arranged in four rows or ranks. Quadrifariously- imbricated, arranged in four rows and imbricated. Quadrifid, divided four times, or divided into four parts. Quadripinnate, four times pinnate. Quadruple, four times. Quaternary, arranged by fours, or succeeding by fours. Quinary, arranged by fives or succeeding by fives. Quinate, in fives. Quinate-pinnate, having five leaflets disposed in a pinnate manner. Quwquefid, 1 ,. • , , . , ,, /^ • -a! f divided into five. Qumquifid, ) Quintuple, five times. R. Raceme, a particular arrangement of flowers, when they are arranged around a simple filiform axis, each particular flower being stalked. Racemiferous, bearing racemes. Racemose, disposed in racemes. Racemosely-corymbose, disposed in a manner between a corymb and a raceme, or numerous racemes forming a corymb. Racemosely-panicled, disposed in a manner between a raceme and panicle, or numerous racemes form • ing a panicle. Racemose-corymbs, between a raceme and a corymb. Rncemules, small racemes. Rachis, that part of a culm which runs up through the ear of corn, and consequently the part that bears the flowers in other plants ; also the common petiole of a pinnate leaf. / a flower is said to be so when in a L cluster or head of florets, those Rayed, ^ of the circumference or ray are Radiant, J long and spreading, and unlike Radiate, \ those of the disk. A stigma is Radiating, M said to be rayed or radiant when ¥ it is divided like the rays of a star, 5-6-rayed, having 5-6-angles. Radical, of or belonging to the root, or proceeding from the root. Radicant, rooting, roots proceeding from the stem. Radicle, the root of an embryo. Radius, the ray of a compound flower. Rameal, of or belonging to the branches. Ramenta, little brown withered scales, with which. the stems of some plants, especially ferns, are covered. Ramentaceous, covered with ramenta or scales. XX GLOSSARY. Raphis, Ramifications, subdivisions of root, branches, leaves, or panicles. Ramose, branched. Flainuli, twigs or small branches. ' in seeds this is the channel of vessels, „ , k which connects the chalaza with the '.' < hilura; in umbelliferous plants it is the line of junction, of the two halves of which their fruit is composed. Receptacle, that part of the fructification which sup- ports the other parts. Recell'es I *e l)a^s or s'nuses °f 'obed leaves. Rectilinear, straight lines. 5"?"";% Cleaning back. Rechnateil, ) Reclinately-erecl, at first leaning back, then erect. Recumbent, lying upon the ground. Recurved, curved backwards. Reflexed, bent backwards. Refracted, bent back. Refrigerant, producing coolness. Reniform, kidney-shaped. Reniform-cordate, between kidney-shaped and heart- shaped. Repand, a leaf having its margin undulated and un- equally dilated, is said to be repand. Repandly-angular, repand and angular. Repand-crenated, ~ Repand-serrated, serrated crenatedj Repand-toothed V and undulated. Repandly-toothed, Repandously-toothed, Repellant, that which drives away any thing. Replicate, folded back. Replant, creeping and rooting. i£S } havins the P°wer to dissolve- Resupinate, inverted in position, so that that which was in front becomes the back. Reticulated, resembling a net, usually applied to the veins and nerves. Reticulately-areolate, having areolse disposed like net-work. Reticulately-nerved, having nerves disposed like net-work. Reticulately-mined, the veins disposed in the manner of a net 7J<;*raefed,drawnin or lyingbetween things; bent back. Retrofracted, bent backwards. Retroflexed, bent backwards. Retrograde, usually applied to hairs when they are bent back or down, instead of forward or up. Refuse, appearing as if bit off at the end, abruptly obtuse. Revolute, rolled back, usually applied to the edges of leaves. Jlkizoma, \ applied to roots which spread under Rhysoma, / ground, as the roots of Iris. Rhizomatose,\ h , h; Rhysomatose, ) Rhomb, \ Rhomboid, > shape of rhombus. Rhomboidal, ) , between rhomboid and egg- Rhomb-ovate f sh d betwe£n r]](fm_ Rhomboid-ovate, > boid and lanceolate, and Mombotd-lanceolate, } between rhomboid and Rhomb-spatulate, ^ spatulate. Rib, the projecting vein of any thing. Ribbed, having projecting veins. Rigid, stiff. Rimose, having a longitudinal fissure or fissures, chinky. Ringent, gaping. Ringing, making an incision resembling a ring round a branch. Rosellate, \ applied to leaves when they are disposed 'Rosulate, f in the manner of the petals of a rose. Rotate, a monopetalous corolla, the limb of which is flat, and the tube very short, is called rotate, or wheel-shaped. Roundish-deltoid, form between orbicular and deltoid. Roundish-obovate, roundly obovate. Roundish-cordate, roundly cordate. Roundish-ovate, roundly egg-shaped. Rubefacient, any thing which reddens the skin, and raises slight cutaneous inflammation. Rudiment, when an organ is imperfectly developed, botanists call such a rudiment, but sometimes the permanent parts of the leaves are called rudi- ments of these leaves. Rufescent, rather rusty. Rttfescently-tomentose, covered with rusty down. Rufous, reddish orange-colour, or rusty. Rugosities, protuberances. Rugose, rough or coarsely wrinkled. Rugoso-striated, having wrinkled stripes. Rugulose, finely wrinkled. Runcinate, applied to the lobes of leaves, a leaf irregularly lobed, the lobes gradually diminish- ing to the base, and hooked back. Runcinately-pectinate, runcinate and pectinate. Runcinately-pinnatijid, pinnatifid, with the lobes hooked back. Runcinately-toothed, hooked back, and toothed. Runcinatehj-lyrate, lyrate, with the lobes hooked back. Runners, procumbent shoots, which root at their extremity. Running into, a leaf is said to run down into the petiole, or down the stem, when it extends down the petiole or stem, also applied to the calyx when it runs gradually into the pedicel. Ruptured, appearing as if burst. Rusty-tomentose, covered with rusty tomentum. S. Saccate, bagged, having a bag or pouch, as in many petals and sepals. Sack-formed, formed like a sack or pouch. Sagittate, shaped like the head of an arrow. Sagittate and Sagittately, when joined by a hyphen to another word, signifies a form between the two words, as sagittate-cordate, sagittate-lanceolate. Salivation, a discharge of saliva from the glands of the mouth. Samara, a kind of winged seed-vessel, the same as what the English call a key, such as those of ash and sycamore. Samaroid, having a seed-vessel like a samara. Sapid, agreeable to the palate. Saponaceoits, soapy. Sarcocarp, the most fleshy part of fruit under the epicarp. Sarmentose, producing sarmenta, or runners and twigs. Sauted, cut in such a manner as to resemble the teeth of a saw. Scabrous, rough from little asperities. Scale-formed, formed like scales. Scales, any small processes resembling minute leaves or scales ; also the leaves of the involucrum in compositae ; also the appendages at the top of the claws of the petals in Caryophyllea. Scandent, climbing. Scape, a stem rising from the root, and bearing nothing but the flowers, or sometimes a few brae teas. Scattered, without regularity. Schistous, formed of the rock called schist. Scion, a shoot intended for a graft. Scolloped, having deep and wide indentations. Scoria, cinders, ashes. Scrobiculate, excavated into little pits or hollows. Scrotiform, formed like a double bag. Scurfy, covered with scales resembling scurf. Scutate, formed like an ancient round buckler. Secund, arranged on one side only. Segments, parts of any thing. Semi, half. Semi-cordate, half-cordate. Semi-orbicular, half-circular. Semi-sagittate, half arrow-shaped. Seminal, of or belonging to the seed. Seminiferous, bearing seed. Sepals, the divisions of the calyx. Sepalled, having sepals. Separable, that which is divisible. Septa, the partitions which divide the interior parts of the fruit, the dissepiments. Septiferous, bearing septa or partitions. Series, a row, a layer. Sericeous, silky. Sericeously-velvety, velvety and silky. Serratures, the teeth of a serrated leaf. Serrate-toothed, having teeth like a saw. Serrulated, having notches like those of a very fine saw. Serrate-crenate, having notches between serratures and crenatures. Serrulations, notchings like those of a very fine saw. Sessile, without stalks. e a ous, I resem|jiing a bristle in shape. Setaceously-toothed, having teeth like bristles. Setaceously-pilose, covered with stiff bristle-like hairs. Setie, bristles. Setiform, formed like bristles. Setigerous, bearing bristles. Setose, covered with bristles. Setosely-prickly, covered with stiff bristle-like prickles. Sheath, the lower part of the leaf that surrounds the stem. Sherds, fragments of pots, employed by gardeners to drain their flower-pots. Shield, a broad table-like process in the flower of Stapelia and its allies. Short-acuminated, having a short taper point. Shortly-bifid, \ slightly cleft in two parts at the Shortly-2-cleft, j" apex. Sialagogue, having the power of exciting saliva. Siliceous, flinty/ Silicle, small short pod of Cruciferee. Siliculose, form of a silicle, a silicle. Silique, the long terete pod of Crucifem. Siliquose, form of a silique, a silique. Silky-puberulous, \cmered with silky pubescence Silky -pubescent, V or tomentum. Silky-tomentose, ) Sillcy-mllous, covered with silky hairs. Simple, the reverse of compound, not divided. Sinuate, \ cut in such a manner as to appear Sinuated, f bending in and out. Sinuate-angular, \ ,e(J }n a sinuated manner. Stnuately-angular, ) Sinuately-lobed, lobed in a sinuated manner. Sinuately-3-lobed, lobed with three sinuated lobes. Sinuately-pinnatifid, sinuated and pinnatifid, between sinuate and pinnatifid. Simiately-curled, sinuate and curled. Sintiately-repand, scolloped and undulated. Sinuately-runcinate, between scolloped and runci- nate. Sinuate-toothed, \ toothed in a sinuated man- Sinuately-toothed, f ner. Sinus, the bays or recesses formed by the lobes of leaves and other bodies. Smooth, without hairs and smooth. Smoothed, without hairs and glossy. Soboliferous, producing young plants from the root. Saddened, soaked. Somniferous, causing sleep. Soporific, causing sleep. Sorediferous, bearing soredia. Sori, the patches of fructification on the back of the fronds of ferns. Spacelate, withered or dead. Spadir, a spike protracted from a spath. GLOSSARY. XXI Spath, \ a broad, sheathing leaf, enclosing flowers Spatha, f arranged upon a spadix. c _,i / ,„ ("shaped like a spatula, a knife so Apamitiate, I ca]led whose broadest £nd ig t the Spatulate, ^ extremity. Spathaceous, furnished with a spatha, or like a spath. Spatula, a spatulate-shaped process. Spatulate-linear, between linear and spatulate. Spatulate, when joined by a hyphen to another word, signifies a form between the two words, as spatu- ' late-ovate, spatulate-roundish, spatulate-lanceolate, spatulate-obovate, &C, Spermaderm, the outer covering of a seed. Spherical, round like a sphere. f^ja^stlikeaspher, Spherules, minute spheres or globules. Spicate, having a spike. Spicately-disposed, disposed in the manner of a spike. Spike, flowers sessile upon a long rachis, as Vero- nica spicata. Spiked, having a spike. Spike-formed, formed like a spike. Spikelets, in grasses, flowers arranged in two rows, as in Bromus, small spikes. Spinulosely-toothed, having spiny teeth, or small teeth like spines. Spines, indurated branches or processes not falling off from the part that bears them. Spinescent, furnished with soft spine-like processes. Spiniform, formed like a spine. Spinulesceni, having a tendency to produce small spine-like processes. ose' > furnished with spines or form of spines. apinotis, \ Spinosely-toothed,\hnving sharp stiff teeth like Spinottsly-toothed, / spines. Spinosely-serrated, having serratures like spines. Spinosely-trifid, divided into three spines. Spinulose, furnished with small spines. Spiny, furnished with a spine or spines. Spiny-ciliated, edged with stiff processes like spines. Spiny-serrated, having the serratures or teeth ter- minated by spines. Spiny-toothed, having teeth like spines. SiUcnlffform, form of a silicle. Spiral, circularly involved, twisted like a screw. Spirally-convolute, rolled together in a spiral manner. Spirally-twisted, twisted like a screw. Sporuks, that part of cryptogamous plants which answers to the seeds of other plants. Sporuliferotis, bearing sporules. Spurious, counterfeit /"long processes resembling horns, pro- Spurs, J duced by various parts of a flower ; in Spur, | Aconitum the process which terminates V the petal or nectary. Squamiform, like scales, formed like scales. Squarrose, spreading stiffly at right angles or in a greater degree. Squarrosely-imbricated, laid over each other in a squarrose manner. Squhiancy, an inflammation in the throat. Stalks, the footstalks of leaves or flowers. Stalked, having stalks. Stamen, the male organ of a flower. Staminiferous, bearing stamina. Staminiferous-tube, the tube which is formed from the cohesion of the filaments. Standard, the upper petal in pea-flowers. Starry, stellate, in the manner of a star, radiating. Starry -pubescent. See Stellately-pitbescent. Stellate-hairs, tufts of hairs radiating like a star. Stellately-pubescent, covered by starry tufts of down. Stellulate, resembling little stars. Stellately-spreading, ) disposed or spreading in the Stellately-disposed, I manner of a star. Stem-clasping, clasping the stem ; a leaf is so called when it clasps the stem with its base. Sterile, barren. Sternutory, qualities which provoke sneezing. Stigma, the female organ of a flower. Stigmatose, when a stigma is long, lateral, or on one side of the style. Stimulating, exciting. Stipe, the stalk of a fruit within the corolla and calyx, or the claw of a petal. Stipe-formed, having the form of a stipe. Stiped, having a stipe. Stipitate, furnished with a stipe. Stipitately-unguiculate, having cylindrical unguis or claws. Sti ulas f smal' scales or membranes at the base e./ . ' i of the petioles, uncertain leaves, usu- Stipules, ^ anyonFe on each side. Stipulate, \ furn;shed ^j, stipulag. Attpulaceous, ) Stipulaceously-dilated, when a petiole is dilated at the base it is so called. Stipular, in place of stipulas. Stipulary, occupying the place of stipulas. Stipuled, having stipulas. Stolons, runners which root at the joints, as those of the strawberry. Stoloniferous, bearing creeping runners which root at the joints. Stomachic, agreeable to the stomach. Strangury, a disease, also produced on plants by tight ligatures. Strata, layers, beds. Streaks, little channels, furrows, or lines. Stria, small streaks. Striated, having streaks. Strict, upright, straight, not crooked. Strigte, little, upright, unequal, stiff hairs, swelled at their roots. Strigose, covered with strigse. Strigosely-pilose, covered with long, stiff, unequal hairs, swelled at their roots. Strigosely-muricated, covered with stiff unequal points, swelled at their roots. Strobile, a fir cone ; the fruit of Magnolia, and such like, are so called. Strophiola, a round protuberance at the base of some seeds. Strophiolate, having a Strophiola. Struma, a wen, a protuberance. Strumose, \ d ^ h Strumous, ) Stupa, filamentose matter. Stupose, full of filamentose matter. Style, the stalk which intervenes between the ovary and the stigma and bearing the latter. The styles are called short in O.ralis when they are shorter than the shortest stamens. Styliferous, bearing a style or styles. Styptic, having the power to staunch blood. Sub, in composition, signifies somewhat, as sub- rotund, somewhat round, or roundish ; substipi- tate, having a very short stipe; subcaulescent, having a kind of stem ; subumbellate, somewhat umbellate; subsagittate, somewhat sagittate; sub- lobate, somewhat lobed ; subdentate, somewhat toothed ; subradical, almost radical, and so forth. Subulate, with a narrow wing or margin. Suberose, corky. Subulate, form of an awl, tapering to a point. Subulate-conical, between awl-shaped and conical. Succulent, fleshy, and filled with juice. Sudorific, having the power of producing perspi- ration. Suffrutescent, ~) Suffruticose, >shrubby in a slight degree. Sufruticulose, } S"l,cat.e' I furrowed, having furrows. Sulcated, \ Superior, when any thing is above the ovarium it is called superior ; the uppermost of any thing; the ovary or fruit is so called when it is above the calyx, petals, and stamens ; a radicle is said to be superior when in that end of the seed furthest from the hylum. Supernatant, floating on the surface of any thing. Supine, lying with the face upwards. Suppurate, to generate matter. Supra-axillary, above the axils, in opposition to infra-axillary. Supra- decompound, above compound, doubly com- pounded. Surculi, young shoots. Suture, the line formed by the cohesion of two parts, usually applied to the fruit Syngenesious, belonging to the 19th class in the sexual system. Synthetical, combining, opposed to analytical. Syphilitic, of or belonging to syphilis. T. Tails, the long feathery or hairy terminations of certain fruits. Tap-root, a root which penetrates deep and per- pendicularly into the ground without dividing. Tapering, becoming gradually narrower. Taper-pointed, having a long taper point. Tartareous, consisting of tartar. Teated, resembling the figure of a teat in animals. Tendrils, the curling, twining organs by which some plants lay hold of others, as the vine. Tendrilled, having tendrils. Terete, like a taper, round and long. Terminal, ending, or at the top of any thing. Tern, in threes, or three in a whorl. Ternary, consisting of threes, or succeeding by threes. Ternate, a leaf consisting of three leaflets, 2-3-ter- nate, twice or thrice ternate. Ternately-decompound, compounded in a ternate manner. Ternately-verticillate, having three leaves in a whorl. Tessellated, variegated by squares, chequered. Testa, the skin or integument of a seed. Testaceous, consistence of a shell. Tetanus, cramp of the stomach. Tetrachotomous, a stem that ramifies in fours. Tetragonal, having four angles. Tetragt/nous, having four styles. Tetrandrous, having four stamens. Tetrapetalous, having four petals. Tetraquetrous, having four angles or sides. Tetrasepalous, having four sepals. Thalamus, that part of a flower which rises below the ovarium, and sometimes supports the outer envelopes as well as the stamens in all the Tha- lamiflorce. Thallus, that part which bears the fructification in lichens. Tliecie, the cases that contain the sporules of cryp- togamic plants. Thecaphore, an elongated receptacle, which bears one ovary only but not the petals, nor sta- mens ; example the caper. Thready, having long hairs like threads. Threads, long hairs like threads. Throat, the orifice of a flower. Thyrse, a kind of dense panicle, like that of the lilac. Thyrsoid, resembling a thyrse. Tissue, may be composed of membranes, bladders, cells or fibres. Tomentose, covered with dense curled white down or hairs. Tomentosely-cinereous, covered with grey tomentum. Tomentosely-scabrous, covered with rough tomentum. Tomentosely-hairy, covered with long tomentum. Tomentosely-hispid, covered with stiff tomentum. Tomentosely-hoary, covered with hoary tomentum. Tomentosely-pilose, covered with long tomentum. Tomentosely-villous, covered with villous tomentum. Tomentosely-pubescent, covered with pubescent to- mentum. Tomentum, dense, close, white curled hairs or down. Tonic, bracing, corroborative. 9 XX11 GLOSSARY. Toothed, divided so as to resemble teeth. Toothletted, furnished with little teeth. Topical, local, confined to some particular place. Torose, uneven, alternately elevated and depressed. Tortuous, twisted. Torulose, slightly torose. Torus, the same as Thalamus. Transversely-flexuous, bent in a cross direction. Transversely-plicate, plaited in a cross direction. Trapezoid, having the form of a trapezium. Triandrous, having three stamens. Tribracteate, having three bracteas. Trichotomous, branches dividing in threes. Trichotomously-panicled, having a panicle, whose branches divide in threes. Tricoccous, a fruit of 3 1-seed cells is so called, as those of Euphorbia. Tricuspidate, having three points. Tridentate, having three teeth Trifarious, arranged in triple rank or in three rows. Trifoliate, having three leaflets. Trifid, divided into three, or not to the base. Trigonal, having three angles. Trigynous, having three styles. Trilocular, having three cells. Tripetaloid, appearing as if furnished with three petals. Tripetalous, having three petals. Tripinnale, thrice-pinnate. Tripinnalifld, thrice pinnatifid. Tri /ile-nened, three -nerved, and throwing out three side nerves a little above the base. Triquetrous, having three sides or angles. Triquetrously-Z-edged, having only two edges, the third being nearly obsolete. Trisected, cut into three parts. Trilernate, thrice ternate. Triturated, reduced to powder by pounding. Trochleate, twisted like a pully. Trochleately-arched, twisted and arched. Tropical, belonging to the torrid zone. Truncate, blunt, as if cut off. Truncately-obtuse, blunt, and as if cut off. Truncately-triangular, cut off at end so as to give the leaf a triangular figure. Tube of stamens or staminiferous tube, the tube formed from the cohesion of the filaments in monadelphous flowers is so called. Tube of calyx, the tube formed from the cohesion of the sepals. Tubercled, \ Tullr^tl'd, } Covered with knots or tubercles. Tubercular, J Tuberculately-hairy, covered with stiff short hairs resembling tubercles. Tuberous, bearing fleshy, solid, roundish or longish roots, like the potatoe. Tubers, roots so called, potatoes. Tubular, forming a tube. Tufted, forming a dense tuft. Tumid, swelling. Tunic, a coat, a seed cover. Tunicated, having a coat or coats. Turbinate \ h . A fi of a Turbinated, J Turbinately-globose, between the form of a top and a globe. Turgid, swollen, puffed up. U. Umbellulate, disposed in small umbels. Umbellate, having the flowers in round flat heads, the peduncles originating from a common centre, as in the carrot. Umbellately-branched, branched in an umbellate manner. Umbelliferous, bearing umbels. Umbellules, \ small umbels, the divisions of an Umbellets, / umbel. Umbels, the flat tuft of flowers produced by a carrot, the peduncles and pedicels always rising from a common centre. Umbilical, of or belonging to the umbilicus. Umbilicus, the cord which attaches the seed to the placenta. Umbonate, having a top in the centre like that of the ancient shield. Unarmed, destitute of prickles or spines, which are called the arms of plants. Unappendiculate or inappendiculate, without appen- dages of any kind. Uncinate, hooked. Uncinately-inflexed, hooked inwards. Unctuous, fat, oily. ^"5°!% 1 waved, rising and falling. Undulated, ) Undulately-crenated, crenated and waved. Undulately-curled, curled and waved. Undulately-riigose, \ rugged or wrinkled and Undulately-wrinkled, ) waved. Unequal, when applied to petals or sepals, indicates that they are of unequal size and shape. Unequal-sided, having unequal sides. Unguiculate, \ furnighed with claws or an unguis. Ungmculatea, ) Unguis, the taper-base of a petal or any thing else. Unilabiate, having only one lip. Unilateral, one-sided, or leaning to one side. Unilocular, having one cell. Unisexual, being of one sex. Urceolar, of or belonging to an urceolus, having an urceolus, or expanded into an urceolus ; usually applied to the disk. Urceolate, pitcher-shaped. Urceolus, the filaments may be joined into a pitcher- shaped body, this is called the urceolus of the stamens, or they may be surrounded by a pitcher- shaped membrane, this is also called an urceolus. Ustulate, blackened. Uterine, belonging to the womb. Uterus, the womb. Utricle, a little bottle or bladder. Utricular, composed of little bladders. V. Valvate, opening like valves. Valvately-connate, joined like valves. Valvaform, form of a valve. Valveless, without valves. Valvular, consisting of valves. Valvular-dissepiments, having dissepiments or par- titions in the centre of the valves. halves, the divisions of a capsule.* halved, having valves. Varicose, swollen here and there. Vascular, composed of tubes or vessels. Vaulted, formed or placed like the roof of a vault. Veinless, without veins. Velvety, covered with down like velvet. Velvety-puberulous, covered with velvety down. Velvety-pubescent, covered with soft, pressed down, like velvet. Velvety-tomentose, covered with soft tomentum like velvet. Veneering, the art of covering one kind of wood with thin plates of another kind. Ventricose, inflated. Vermicular, having the appearance of a worm. Vermifuge, that which expels worms. Vernacular, native. Vernal, belonging to the spring. Versatile, swinging lightly on a stalk, so as to be continually changing direction. Vertex, the uppermost point Vertical, perpendicular. Vertically-compressed, that is depressed. Verticillate, disposed in a whorl. Vertilinear, the same as rectilinear. Vesicatories, blistering plasters. Vesicles, hollow excrescences, resembling bladders. Vexillum, standard, the upper petal of a pea-flower. Villi, long, close, rather soft hairs. Villous, covered with soft, close, long, loose hairs. Villously -ciliated, ciliated with soft hairs. Villously-cinereous, covered with grey, soft, long loose hairs. Villously-hairy, covered with soft hairs. Villously-pubescent, covered with soft long pubes- cence. Villously-tomentose, covered with soft long tomentum. Violaceous, the colour of a violet. Virescent, greenish. Viscid, )-,->• i Viscous, {adhesive, clammy. Viviparous, bearing young plants in the place of flowers and seed. Vulnerary, useful in the cure of wounds. Vulviform, like a cleft with projecting edges. W. Warted, covered with protuberances like warts. Wattled, having processes like the wattles of a cock. Wavy, undulated. Waved, having wavy edges. Wltite- velvety, covered with white down like velvet. Whorled, disposed in whorls or whirls. Whorls, leaves inserted round a stem, as those of Hippuris or Equisetum. Wing, in botany, signifies a membranous border, wherewith many seeds are supported in the air> when floating from place to place. Wings, the side petals of a pea-flower. Wing-formed, having the form of a wing. Winged, having a wing or wings. Wrinkled, having an uneven surface. Z. Zonate, having a dark belt in the shape of a horse- shoe, as in some species of Pelargonium. Zones, stripes or belts . Zigzag, a stem is called zigzag when it bends from side to side. INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME, COMPRISING THE SYSTEMATIC AND ENGLISH GENERIC NAMES, AND THE ENGLISH AND SYSTEMATIC SYNONYMES. *•* In this Index the systematic names used, and the English names in common use, are in Roman letters ; the synonymes in Italics ; the names of Classes, Suh-classes, and Orders in large capitals ; and the names of Sub-orders and Tribes in small capitals. A. Abatia, Aberemoa, 98 Ablania, 556 , Abroma, 522 Abuta, 112 Abutilon, 500 Abutilon, 497, 498 Acer, 648 Acer, 651 Aceratium, 560 ACERINEjE, 647 Achania, 475 Achlys, 120 Acladodea, 669 Acmadenia, 785 Aconite, 55 Aconitum, 54 Acosmia, 448 Acosmus, 640 ACOTYLEDOXE^E, 1 Acronodia, 561 Actaea, 64 Actaa, 72 Adam-apple, 589 Adansonia, 509 Adansonia, 509 Adenandra, 782 Adenandra, 782, 783. 785, 786 Adenodus, 559 Adlumia, 141 Adonis, 23 Admis, 22 Adostemon, 117 Adrastaea, 75 Adyseton, 177 jEgle, 587 jEsculus, 652 &sculus, 653 ^thionema, 222 Agathosma, 780 Agathosma, 783. 789 Agdestis, 113 Aglaia, 585 Agrostemma, 416 Agrostemma, 415. 417 Ailantus, 887 Akee-tree, 669 Akeesia, 669 Aldrovanda, 346 Alectryon, 675 Alegria, 557 Alleluja, 765 Alliaria, 209 Alligator-apple, 88 Allophyllus, 663, 664 Almeidea, 798 Alsodea, 341 Alsodea, 340, 341. 343 ALSODINE*, 340 Alsine, 425. 427, 428, 429. 434, 435, 436. 442. ALSINE*, 418 Alsinclla, 434 Althaea, 466 Althcea, 474 Altheria, 531 ALYSSINE/E, 173 Alyssum, 179 Alyssum, 175, 176, 177, 178. 180, 181. 187. 192. 214, 215 American-cress, 159 American-elm, 523 Amirola, 673 Amomilla, 558 Ampacus, 804 AMPELIDE^E, 689 Ampelopsis, 694 Amygdala, 651 Anamirta, 109 Anastatica, 199 Anastatica, 198 ANASTATICE*, 199 Anatropa, 774 Anchietea, 340 ANCHONIE*, 225 Anchonium, 226 Andreoskia, 204 Androsace, 186 Androsaemum, 601 Androphilax, 107 Anemone, 15 Anemone, 15. 22 ANEMONE*, 11 Angostura-bark, 797 Anise-seed-tree, 79 Anneslea, 565 Anneslea, 124 Annona, 85. 91, 92 Anoda, 489 Anodontea, 180 Anomalopteris, 647 Anona, 87 Anona, 94 ANONACE/E, 86 Anotta, 294 Anthodon, 627, 628 Anthodus, 627, 628 Antholoma, 623 Antichorus, 542 Apatelia, 568 Apeiba, 554 Aphanamixis, 685 Aphania, 672 Aphanostemma, 42 Aphragmus, 223 Aplophyllum, 780 Aporetica, 664 Apple-berry, 373 Aquilegia, 49 Aquilicia, 712 AKAIIIDE.K, 151 Arabis, 161. 269 Arabis, 158. 160, 161. 166, 167. 169. 173. 176. 208. 213. 253. 265 Architaea, 572 Arenaria, 431 Arenaria, 424, 425, 426. 431. 441. 447, 448 Aretia, 186 Argemone, 134 Argemone, 134 Arnotta, 294 Aromadendron, 85 Aroma-tree, 85 Arongana, 614 Arrudea, 617 Arsis, 286 Artabotrys, 94 Aruba,W8. 811 Asaphes, 808 Ascyrum, 612 Ascyrum, 607 Ascyum, 624, 625 Asiinina, 91 Aspicarpa, 640 Assa, 69 Assonia, 536 Astrapsea, 538 Astropus, 531 Atalantia, 583 Aubertia, 804 Aubletia, 554, 555 Aubrietia, 176 Aulacea, 585 AURANTIACE2E, 582 Aurinia, 177- 179. 266 Averrhoa, 752 Awl-wort, 268 Ayenia, 525 Azanza, 485 Azara, 297 B. Badiera, 363 Balanites, 774 Balanopteris, 518 Balbisia, 768 Balsam, 748, 749 Balsam-tree, 616 Balsamina, 748 BALSAMINE^E, 748 Banara, 295 Bane-berry, 65 Banffya, 384 Banisteria, 643 Banisteria, 639. C46, 647 BANISTERIE.S, 641 Barbadoes-cherry, 634. 636 Barbadoes-grape- fruit, 592 Barbarea, 159 Barberry, 115 Barclaya, 124 Barosma, 785 Barraldeia, 808 Barren-wort, 120 Bartramia, 544. 546 Bastard-cedar, 523. 687 Bastard-cress, 190, 191, 192 Bastard-hemp, 290 Bastardia, 497 Batschia, 113 Bea-larkspur, 52 Bead-tree, 680, 681 Bean-caper, 771, 772 Beatsonia, 377 Beaver-tree, 82 Beauharnoisia, 617 Bengal Quince, 587 BERBERIDE^E, 114 -Berberis, 114 Berberis, 118 Bergera, 586 Bergeretia, 181 Bergia, 421. 449 Berrya, 558 Bessera, 292 Berteroa, 175 Bicuculla, 141 Biebersteinia, 774 Billardiera, 372 Biophytum, 753 Biporeia, 647. 811 Biscutella, 196. 269 Biscutella, 198. 216. 254 Bitter-wood, 96, 97 Bivonaea, 221 Bixa, 294 BIXINEjE, 293 Black-hellebore, 46 Black-mustard, 248 Blackburnia, 806 Bladder-catchfly, 399 Bland' s-grape, 71 1 Blighia, 669 Blood-root, 136 Blumea, 573 Bocagea, 100 Bocconia, 136 Boccmia, 137 Boleum, 254 BOMBACEiE, 505 Bombax, 511 Bombax, 511, 512, 513, 514. 569 Bonannia, 250, 251, 669 Bonnetia, 570 Bonnetia, 570 Bonplandia, 797 Bootia, 397 Borecole, 227, 228, 229 Boronia, 793 Boscia, 277 Boscia, 808 Boymia, 805 Brachycarpaea, 268 BRACHYCARPE*, 26!i Brachylobos, 157, 15« Brachystemma, 447 Branching-annual-stoek, 2(11 Brasenia, 122 Brassica, 226 Brassica, 212, 213. 251. 252, 253, 254. 264 BRASSICK.-E, 226 Braunea, 108 Braya, 160 Bredemeyera, 369 Breynia, 284 Brindonia, 621 Brocoli, 228. 233. "I'M, 2:(/. 238 Brompton-stock, 269 Brownlowia, 553 Brussels-sprouts, 227 Brucea, 800 Brucea, 808 Brunellia, 801 Brunia, 785 Bubroma, 522, 523 Buckler-mustard, !!)(>. 1!>7. 269 Bucco, 782, 783. 785, 786, 787, 788, 789 Buffonia, 419 Bug-wort, 64 Buku, 786 Bull or Bullet-grape, 7 11, 7 12 Bunchosia, 638 XXIV INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME. BUNIADE.E, 263 Bunias, 263 Bunias, 198. 200. 215. 254, 255. 259, 260. 263, 264 Burasaia, 104 Bursaria, 374 Butter-cups, 36. 40 Butter-flower, 36. 40 Butter-nut, 654 Butter and Tallow-tree, 619 Buttneria, 523 Byblis, 347 Byrsonima, 636 Byttneria, 524 BYTTNERIACE^E, 518 BYTTNERIE.S, 521 C. Cabbage, Thousand - headed, 228 Cabbage, Cow, 229 Cabbages, Red and White, 227.231,232,233.245,246, 247, 248 Cabomba, 121 Cacao, 521, 522 Cacao, 521, 522 Cadaba, 277 Cakile, 200 Catile, 225. 250. 259, 260. 264 CAKILINE*, 200 Calabitra, 554 Calepina, 255 Calephia, 255 Calinea, 71 Calligonum, 72 Callirrhoe, 504 Calodendron, 782 CALOPHYLLIE^;, 621 Calopliyllum, 622 Calopltyllum, 621. 639 Caltha, 43 Caltha, 43. 63 Caltrops, 769 Calpandria, 686 CALYCIFLOR^E, 2 Calypso, 629 Calyptranthes, 781 Calyptrioii, 318 Camarea, 640 Camboge, 620 Cambogia, 620 Camelina, 214 Camelina, 187 Camellia, 574-578 Camellia, 574-578 CAMELLIE.S, 574 Camphor-tree, 813, 814 Campylia, 730 Canaiiga, 97 Candollea, 71 Candy-tuft, 194, 195. 269 Canella, C79 Cape-kale, 509 Capellia, 77 Caper- tree, 278-285 Capers, 278 Capiwrchis, 140 CAPPARE.K, 276 CAPPARIDEiE, 270 Capparis, 270 Capparis, 276, 277, 278. 285, 286 Capsella, 216 Capsella, 190 Carambolas, 753 Caraipa, 570 Carapa, 685 Carara, 216 Cardamine, 167 Cardamine, 164. 166.171,172, 173, 174. 208. 269. Cardaria, 217 Cardiospermum, 656 Carictera, 542 Carnation, 388-391 Carolinea, 510 Carpodontos, 613 Carpolobia, 370 Carrichtera, 254 Caryocar, 653 CARYOPHYLLEjE, 379 Casalea, 42 Castalia, 125, 126 Castanea, 555 Castela, 817 Catchfly, 398-414 Caucanthus, 639 Cauliflower, 228. 233-236 Caulophyllum, 119, 120 Cavanillesia, 509 Cedrate Lemons, 587 Cedrates, 587 Cedrela, 686 CEDRELIACEjE, Cedrus, 687 Celandine, 138 Celastrus, 374 CELLULARES, 1 Ceranthera, 341 Cerastium, 4-11 Cerastium, 420. 424. 428. 430, 431 Ceratocephalus, 25 Chadara, 548. 550, 551 Chtettea, 525 Chalcas, 585 Chamira, 264 Champawk, 81 Charlock, 279 Cheiranthus, 154. 160 Cheiranthus, 151-153. 159. 173, 174. 187. 201-210. 213 Cheiranthodendron, 514 Clieirinia, 210 Cheirostemon, 514 Chelidoniura, 138 Chelidonium, 135. 137, 138 Cherleria, 447 Cherimoyer, 89 Chica, 517 Chickweed, 428 Chicken-grape, 711 Chisocheton, 685 Chitonia, 773 CHLENACE^E, 561 Chloromyrum, 615 Chloroxylon, 688 Chocolate-nut, 521, 522 Choisya, 796 Chondodeiidron, 106 Chorisia, 513 Clwrispermum, 200, 201 Chorispora, 200 Chou Rave, 228. 233 Christiana, 556 Christmas-rose, 45 Chrysogonum, 119 Chrysopia, 618 CHRYSOPIEjE, 618 Ciconium, 732 Cienfuegia, 488 Cienfuegosia, 488 Cimicft'uga, 64 Cipadessa, 680 Cissampelos, 109 (Huampelott 105. 112 Cissus, 689 Cissus, 694. 710 CISTINEjE, 297 Cistus, 298 Cistus, 302-315 Citrons, 587, 588, 589 Citrus, 587 Citrus, 587 Clausena, 586 CLEMATIDE.S, 3 Clematis, 3 Clematis, 10, 11 Cleome, 272 Cleome, 166. 214. 267. 271, 272. 275. 277, 278 CLEOME^E, 271 Cleomella, 271 Cleyera, 566 Cleyera, 565 Clompanus, 516, 517 Clove-pink, 387 Cow-cabbage, 229 Clugnia, 76 Clusia, 616 Clusia, 617, 618 CLUSIE.K, 615 Clypea, 113 Clypeola, 181 Clypeola, 175. 177, 178. 196 Cocculus, 104 Cochlearia, 187 Cochleare, 214, 215, 216, 217, 225. 256 Cochlospermum, 569 Cola, 515 Colbertia, 77 Coleonema, 783 Cole-seed, 241. 244, 245 Coleworts, 227 Colomba-root, 107 Colona, 552 Colsa or Colsat, 241 Columbia, 552 Columbine, 49 Colmnella, 473 Comesperma, 362 Commersonia, 523 Commersonia, 524 Common-lime, 590 Conchocarpus, 798 Cookia, 585 Copal. Indian, 814 Coptis, 46 Corchorus, 542 Corchorus, 542 Cordylocarpus, 200 Cordylocarpus, 250. 264 Coriaria, 818 CORIARIE^E, 818 Coringia, 213 COROLLIFLORjE, 2 Coronopus, 216, 217. 268 Cornea, 790 Corydalis, 141 Corydalis, 140, 141. 144 Corynandra, 275 Corynostt/lis, 318 Coscinium, 109 Cossignia, 672 Cotton, 486, 487 COTYLEDONEjE, 1 Cotyliscus, 217 Cowhage-cherry, 634 Crambe. 256 Crambe, 215. 225. 256 Crane's-bill, 715-721 Craspedum, 560 Cratasva, 276 Cratatva, 277- 587 Cratoxylum, 613 Cremolobus, 198 Cress-rocket, 254 Cristaria, 489 Cretan, 630 Crowea, 792 Crowea, 792 Crowfoot, 25-41 CRUCIFERjE, 146 Cuckoo-buds, 40 Cuckoo-flower, 169 Cuckoo's-meat, 765 Cucubalus, 398 Cucubalus, 381. 398-402. 405. 407-409. 412, 413 Cucullaria, 140 Cucumber-tree, 83. 753 Culhamia, 517 Cumunium, 586 Cupania, 667 Curatella, 72 Curtisia, 803 Cusparia, 797 CuSPARIEjE, 796 Custard-apple, 87 Cyamus, 123, 124. 126 Cyminosma, 781 Cyrilla, 374 Cysticapnos, 141 D. Dactylicapnos, 140 Dame's-violet, 203. 269 Dammer-tree, 814 Datisca, 290 DATlSCEjE, 290 Davilla, 70 Dayenia, 526 Delima, 71 DELIMACE.E,68 Delphinium, 50 Dentaria, 171 Dentaria, 170 Desmos, 95 Dianthus, 384 Diantkus, 383 Dicera, 560 Dichosma, 787 DICOTYLEDONE^E, 1 Dictamnus, 781 Dictamnm, 782 Dictyoloma, 800 Didesmus, 259 Didesmus, 264 Didymocheton, 685 Dielytra, 140 Diglottis, 798 Dileptium, 221 Dillenia, 77 Dilleaia, 75, 76, 77, 567 D1LLENIACE.E, 68 DlLLENIE^E, 72 Dimacria, 728, 729 Dimereza, 669 Dimocarpus, 670 Dionsea, 347 Diosma, 783 Diosma, 783. 790. 807 DlOSMEjE - AUSTRALASICJE, 790 DlOSMEjE-CAPENSES, 782 DiosmeEB-Europseanae, 781 Diphylleia, 120 DlFLECOLOBE^E, 264 Diploliena, 790 Diplopetalum, 669 Diplophractum, 554 Diplophractum, 554 Diplotaxis, 252 DIPTEROCARPEjE, 812 Dipterocarpus, 812 Discocapnos, 146 Discovium, 181 Dobinea, 651 Dodonaea, 673 DODON.SACE.«, 6?2 Doliocarpus, 71 Dombeya, 536 Dombeya, 537 DOMBEYACEJ:, 535 Double-catchfly, 415 Double - white Batchelor's- buttons, 30 Dove's-foot, 719 Draba, 182 Draba, 175, 176. 179. 182. 187. 189. 193. 215. 21?. 268 Drimys, 79 Drosera, 343 Drosera, 347 DROSERACE.^, 343 Drosophyllum, 347 Drymaria, 426 Dryobalanops, 813 Drypis, 418 Duquetia, 97 Durandia, 263 Durio, 513 Durion, 513, 514 Duck's-foot, 121 Dwarf-box, 36 Dyers'-weed, 288 Dyers' -woad, 224 Dysoxylum, 683 Dysoxylum, 682 E. Echinocarpus, 295 Ecthrus, 134 Egyptian-bean, 123 Egyptian-kale, 233 Egyptian- lotos, 126 Ehrenbergia, 769 Ekebergia, 683 EL^OCARPEjE, 558 Elaaocarpus, 559 Eleeocarpus, 560. 814 Elatine, 420. 449 ELATINE^E, 449 Elephant-apple, 587 Eliea, 613 Elk-wood, 83 Elkaja, 682 Elodea, 612 Elvasia, 817 Empedoclea, 71 Empleurum, 790 Enarthrocarpus, 260 ENDOGENE^E, 1 Enemion, 47 Enourea, 662 Entelea, 541 Entoganum, 795 Epecacuanha, White, 335 EpMelis, 670 Epibaterium, 106. 108 Epicharis, 684 Epimedium, 119 Eranthis, 45 Eriodcndron, 512 Erioglossum, 666 Eriola?na, 539 Eriolana, 538 Eriostemon, 792 Eriostemon, 560. 782. 791, 792 Erodium, 721 Erophila, 187 Eroteum, 567 Erpetion, 334 Eruca, 253 Eruca, 246, 247. 252, 253 Erucago, 263 Erucaria, 264 Km c MI i i:.r.. 264 Erucastnim, 249 INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME. XXV Erysimum, 209 Erysimum, 158, 159.205,200, 207, 208, 209. 246, 24y. 252 Erytlirochiton, 799 ERYTHROSPERME^E, 293 Erythrospermum, 293 ERYTHROXYLEjE, 630 Erythroxylon, 630 Erythroxylon, 633 Eschscholzia, 137 Esenbeckia, 556. 795 Espera, 557 Ethiopian-pepper, 95 Euchaetis, 785 EUCLIDIE*, 198 Euclidium, 198 Euclidium, 199 Eucryphia, 613 EUCRYPHIE.E, 613 Eudema, 215 Eunomia, 222 Euonymus, 815 Euphoria, 670 Eupomatia, 91 Eurya, 566 EURYE/E, 565 Euryanthe, 505 Euryale, 124 Euryandra, 69 Euthemis, 558 Eutrema, 215 Euzomtim, 253 Evodia, 795 Evodia, 804 EXOGENE.E, 1 Eystathes, 6?5 F. Fagara, 795. 802, 803, 804, 805 Fagonia, 770 Fair Maids of France, 30 Farsetia, 174. 2C9. Farsetia, 175, 176. 181. 255. 265, 266 Fennel-flower, 48 Feronia, 587 Fibraurea, 108 Fibigia, 174 Ficaria, 43 Fissilia, 581 Five-leaved Ivy, 694 Flacourtia, 291 FLACOURTIANE,E, 290 FLACOURTIE*:, 291 Flax, 450-458 Flax, Common, 453-456 Flax-seed, 458 Flindersia, 688 Flix-weed, 207 Forbidden-fruit, 587. 592 Foveolaria, 679 Fox -grape, 711 Frankenia, 375 FRANKENIACE^E, 375 FRANKENIE.S, 375 Fratiklinia, 573 Fraxinella, 781 French-turnip, 245 Freziera, 567 Frexiera, 566 FREZIERE^E, 5CC Friesia, 560 Fugosia, 488 Fumaria, 144 Fumaria, 140-146 FUMARIACE.E, 139 Fumitory, 144-146 VOL. I. G. Gaertnera, 639 Gaissenia, 45 Galipea, 797 Galphimia, 639 Galphimia, 636. G39, 640 Galvezia, 800 Gamboge, 620 Ganitrus, 559 Garcinia, 619 Garcinia, 621 GARCINIEjE, 618 Garden-cress, 218 Garden-pink, 395 Garden-rocket, 253, 254 Garidella, 47 Garlic-pear, 279 Gaudichaudia, 640 Gaya, 497 Geeria, 566 Gela, 582 Gelonium, 669 Gemella, 664 GERANIACE^;, 713 Geranium, 715 Geranium, 714, 715. 721-743. 745 German-catchfly, 415 Geruma, 678 Gilibertia, 679 Githago, 417 Glandulifolia, 782, 783 Glaucium, 137 Glaucium, 137 Globe-flower, 44 Globe-mallow, 465 Glossarrhen, 320 Glossospermum, 538 Glossostemon, 523 Gluta, 539 Glycosmis, 586 Glycosmis, 584, 585 Godoya, 572 Goethea, 539 Gold-cups, 40 Gold of Pleasure, 214, 215 Goldbachia, 226 Golden-apples, 587 Goldilocks, 32 Gomphia, 815 Gonioscheton, 683 Gonohoria, 340 Gonohoria, 341 Gonus, 801 Gordonia, 573 Gordonia, 569. 574 GORDONIE.E, 573 Gorinkia, 213 Gossypium, 486 Gouffeia, 419 Grape-vine, 695-709 Grapes, 695-709 Grass of Parnassus, 348 Greens, 227, 228 Grenvillea, 731 Grewia, 547 Grewia, 551 Grielum, 745 Guaiac, 773 Guaiacum, 772 Guarea, 683 Guarea, 684 Guatteria, 98 Guazuma, 522 Guichenotia, 527 Guinea-pepper, 95 Guioa, 668 Gum-cistus, 301 GUTTIFER^E, 614 Gynandropsis, 271 Gynostemma, 104 Gypsophila, 381 Gypsopiula, 384. 396, 397. 437. 448 Gyrostemon, 556 H. Hamocarpus, 614 Hamocharis, 569 Hamadryas, 24 Hare's-foot, 213 Haronga, 614 Harpulia, 669 Harrisonia, 811 Hartogia, 782-78? Hasseltia, 296 Havetia, 618 Heart-pea, 656 Heart-seed, 656, 657 Heart's-ease, 332 Hebeandra, 366, 36? Hecatonia, 29, 33 Hedge-mustard, 205-209 Hedwigia, 683 Heisteria, 581 Heisteria, 364 Helianthemum, 301 Helianthemum, 73 Helicteres, 506 Helicteres, 517 Heliocarpus, 542 Heliophila, 264 Heliophila, 165. 264. 268 HELIOPHILE^, 264 Hellebore, 46 HELLEBORES, 43 Helleborus, 45 Helleborus, 45. 4? Helleria, 676 Helwingia, 296 Hemistemma, 72 Hepatica, 22 Herb-grace, 779 Herb- Robert, 720, 721 Heritiera, 518 Hermannia, 532 Ifermannia, 534, 535 HERMANNIEjE, 52? Hermupoa, 286 Heron's-bill, 721-725 Hesperis, 202. 269 Hesperis, 152. 155. 161. 166. 173. 200, 201, 202. 204. 208, 209. 251, 252. 267 Heterophyllum, 524 Heteropteris, 646 Heteropteris, 647 Heynea, 685 Hibbertia, 75 Hibbertia, 75 Hibiscus, 476 Hibiscus, 472-475. 485, 486. 505. 517 HIPPOCASTANE^E, 651 Hippocastanum, 652 Hippocratea, 626 Hippocratea, 627, 628, 629 HIPPOCRATEACE^E, 625 Hiptage, 639 HIPTAGE.E, 639 Hiraea, 641 Hoarea, 725-728 HolbSllia, 104 Holly-hock, 46? Holosteum, 423 Holosteum, 427 Honey-berry, 672 Honey-flower, 774 Honckenya, 544 Honkenya, 441 Honesty, 174 C Ho'oded- violet, 318 Kleinhovia, 526 Hopea, 814 Klutia, 205 Horn-poppy, 138 Knol-kohl, 228, 233 Horse-chesnut, 652 Knowltonia, 22 Horse-radish, 188 Koelera, 292 Hortia, 796 Kola, 515 Hottonia, 448 Kohl-rubi, 228 Hudsonia, 315 — = — rabi, 233 Hugonia, 562 Koelreuteria, 672 Humiria, 676 Koelreuteria, 657 Humirium, 676 Kollea, 45 HUMIRIACE^E, 675 Koniga, 175 Hunnemania, 135 Krameria, 370 Hutchinsia, 192 Kuhlia, 297 Hutchinsia, 191 Kydia, 538 Hybanthus, 339 Hydnocarpus, 293 L. Hydrastis, 22 HYDUOPELTIDEjE, 121 Hydropeltis, 122 Hydropityon, 448 Hymenanthera, 342 Lacathea, 573 Lacepedia, 630 Lady's-smock, 167-171 Laelia, 255, 256. 264 Hymenella, 420 Laelia, 263 Hypecoum, 138 La;tia, 295 Hypelate, 671 HYPERICE/E, 601 HYPERICINE.E, 599 Lagunea, 505 Lagunaria, 485 Laguntea, 485. 505 Hypericum, 601 Lancretia, 612 Hypericum, 573. 600, 601. Langsdorfla, 804 612, 613 Lansium, 680 Laplacea, 569 LAPLACE^;, 569 I. Larbrea, 429 Lardizabala, 103 Iberis, 193. 269 LARDIZABALEJ., 103 Iberis, 192, 193. 219. 222 Icacina, 582 Larkspur, 50 Larrea, 770 Ilex, 118 Lasianthera, 713 ILLICIES, 78 LASIOPETALE.E, 526 Illicium, 78 Impatiens, 750 Impatiens, 748-750 Lasiopetalum, 526 Lasiopetalum, 524. 794. o2l), 527 Indian-cress, 746, 747 Lasiostemon, 797 Indian-physic, 83 Lattrus, 679 Ingenhouzia, 505 Lavatera, 468 lonidium, 336 Lavradia, 379 lonidium, 318, 319. 335 Lebretonia, 476 Irina, 664 Lechea, 316 ISATIDE.C, 223 Lechea, 303 Isatis, 223 Isatis, 200 Ledocarpum, 768 Leea, 712 Isopyrum, 47 LEEACEJJ, 712 Itea, 374 Lemons, 587. 590-592 Ivira, 516 Lenidia, 76 Leontice, 118 Leontice, 120 ). Lepia, 190. 217, 218. 222 LEPIDINE.S, 216 Jack-by-the-hedge, 209 Jackia, 368 Lepidium, 217. 269 Lepidium, 159. 190, 191,192, Jackia, 539 193, 216. 222. 269 Jambolifera, 781 Jeflersonia, 121 Jenttinsonia, 731 Lepigonum, 425 Lepisanthes, 665 Leptaleum, 213 Jodes, 113 Jobnia, 629 Jundzillia, 217 Leptocarpaea, 158 Leptolaena, 562 Lesser Celandine, 43 Jussiiea, 542 Lettsomia, 567 Leucostemma, 449 K. Lignum-vitae, 773 Lightfootia, 296 Kadsura, 101 Limacia, 108. 292 Kale, 227, 228, 229 Lime-tree, 552, 553 Keraudrenia, 527 Limes, 587. 589 Kernera, 187 Limonia, 583 Ketmia, 483 Limonia, 583, 584, 586 Kielmeyera, 571 Lindlet/a, 569 Kiggelaria, 292 LINE;E, 449 KiGGELARiE.t:, 292 Linum, 450 King's-cups, 40 Linum, 458 Kiseria, 570 Lion's-leaf, 119 Kitaibelia, 46C Liriodendron, 86 XXVI INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME. Liriodendron, 84, 85 Litchi, 670 Litsea, 296 Llagunoa, 673 Lobelia, 440 Loblolly-bay, 573 L&fflingla, 423 Logania, 625 Longan, 670 Looking-glass-tree, 518 Lophanthus, 531 Lophira, 814 Lopimia, 488 Lotos, 125 Ludia, 297 Ludia, 296 Luhea, 556 Lujula, 765 Lumies, 587. 589 Lumy, 589 Lunaria, 173 Lunaria, 174, 175. 177- 180. 255. 265, 266 Luxcnburgia, 377 Lycltnanthus, 398 Lyclmis, 415 Li/elmis, 396. 399. 400. 405. '409, 410. 414, 415, 416, 417 M Macanea, 623 Macanea, 623 Macleaya, 137 Macoubea, 623 Macrtea, 418 Macromernm, 278 Macrostylis, 789 Mad-wort, 178. 180 Mserua, 286 Magallana, 747 Magnolia, 82 Magnolia, 82. 85, MAGNOLIACE/E, 78 MAGNOLIE^E, 80 Magonaea, 674 Mahernia, 534 Mahogany, 687. 688 Mahonia, 117 Mahurea, 570 Malachodendron, 572 Malachra, 469 Malachra, 498 Malcomia, 201 Malhcocca, 548 Mallow, 460, 465 Malope, 460 Malope, 489 Malpighia, 634 Malpighia, 636. 639 MALPIGHIACE^E, 633 MALPIGHIE.S, 634 Malva, 460 Mnlva, 265, 266. 489 MALVACEAE, 458 Malvaviscus, 475 Malvinda, 496 Mammea, 618 Mammee-apple, 618, 619 Manglietia, 80 Mangostan, 619, 620 Mangastana, 619, 620, 621 Maple, 648-651 Maranthus, 53!) Marcgravia, 624 Marcgravia, 625 MARCGRAVIACEvE, 623 MARCGRAVIE*, 623 Marialva, 617 Marila, 570 Marsh-mallow, 466 Marsh-marigold, 43 Marsana, 585 Mascagnia, 641 Matayba, 670 Matayba, 668 Mathiola, 151. 269 Mathiola, 205. 209 Matisia, 508 Mdximiliana, 569 May-apple, 121 Mayna, 102 Meadow-rue, 11 Meconopsis, 135 Meconopsis, 135 Median-apple, 589 Meesia, 817 Megacarpa:a, 198 Melhania, 537 Melia, 680 Mrlia, 682. 684 MELIACEjE, 677 Melianthus, 774 MELIE^E, 678 Melicocca, 672 Melicocca, 671, 672 Melicope, 795 Melicytus, 293 Melochia, 528 Mehcltia, 529, 530 Mt'loilorum, 96 Meniocus, 181 Meniscosta, 113 MENISPERMACE.E, 102 MENISFERME*:, 104 Menispermum, 112 Memspermum, 104-109 Menonvillea, 198 Merckia, 441 Merimea, 449 Mesua, 621 Metrodorea, 795 Mexican-poppy, 134, 135 Michelia, 81 .Mirhelia, 84 MifKtnthera, 617 Microcos, 551 Microcos, 550 Micromelum, 585 Micropetalum, 448 Microstemma, 554 Mignonette, 287-289 Mill-mountains, 458 Milk-wort, 349-363 Milnea, 683 Minuartia, 435 Mischocarpus, 668 Mithridate-pepperwort, 218 Mock-plane-tree, 648 Modiola, 465 Moenchia, 420 Mamchia, 1/9. 182. 214 Mcehringia, 420 Molina, 639 Molintea, 668 Mollia, 557 Mollinedia, 100 Mollugo, 421 Mollugo, 422, 423 Monk's-hood, 57 Monkey-bread, 509 Monniera, 799 Monnina, 366 Monnina, 368 MONOCOTYLEDONEJE,! MONOCHLAMYDE^E, 2 Monodora, 91 Monsonia, 714 Momonia, 715. 745 Montezuma, 509 Morettia, 199 Moricandia, 251 Morisonia, 285 Moronobea, 618 Moss-campion, 398 Mougeotia, 529, 530 Moulinsia, 666 Mouse-ear-chickweed, 442. 447 Mouse-tail, 25 Mundia, 366 Muntingia, 554 Muraltia, 364 Muricaria, 255 Murraya, 585 Murraya, 586 Mustard, 248-251 Myagrum, 225 Myagrum, 157. 176. 187. 198, 199. 215. 214. 222. 254, 255, 256. 258, 259. 263, 264. 268 Myosurus, 25 Mi/osotis, 442 Myrodia, 508 Myrodendron, 676 N. Nandina, 118 Napaa, 496, 497 Naravelia, 10 Nasturtium, 155. 269 Nasturtium, 170, 171. 187. 208. 209. 215. 21?. 219. 221. 746. Navew, 244 Navet, 245 Neapolitan-violet, 325 Nectris, 121 Negundo, 651 Negro-pepper, 95 Nelumbium, 123 NELUMEONEJ., 123 Nephelium, 670 Nephroia, 109 Neslia, 215 Neuroloma, 173 Niebuhria, 277 Nigella, 48 Nima, 811 Niota, 647 Niota, 81 1 Nirbisia, 63 Nocctea, 192 Noisettia, 319 Nolsettia, 319 Norantea, 624 NORANTE.E, 624 Norway-maple, 650 Nothria, 376 Notoceras, 158 NOTORHIZEJ., 201 Nuphar, 127 Nuttallia, 504 Xymphaea, 124 Nymphaa, 127 NYMPH^EACEyE, 122 , 124 O. Ochna, 815 Ochna, 816, 817 OCHNACEjE, 814 Ochradenus, 289 Ochrocarpus, 617 Ochroma, 514 Ockroxylum, 803 Ochthodium, 199 Odontandria, 686 Odontostemma, 449 Okro, 480 OLACINE^E, 579 Olax, 580 Ola.t, 580, 581, 582 Olbia, 469 Ophelus, 509 Opilia, 586 Oranges, 587. 593. 596-598 Orchidocarpum, 91, 92 Oreas, 215 Ornitrophe, 663-665 Ortegia, 418 ORTHOPIOCEJE, 226 Orium, 18] Orophea, 97 Othrys, 276 Otidia, 729, 730 Otillis, 712 Oudneya, 166 Ouratea, 816 OXALIDE^E, 752 Oxalis, 753 Of alls, 753 Oxleya, 688 Oxycarpus, 621 Oxopltyllum, 799 P. Pachira, 510, 511 Pachynema, 72 Pseonia, 65 Paeony, 65 P^ONIACEJ:, 64 Palavia, 489 Pallasia, 782 Pansy, 330-332 Papaver, 129 Papaver, 135 PAPAVERACE.E, 128 Parapetalifera, 786 Pariera-brava, 110. 112 Paritium, 484 Parnassia, 347 Parrya, 173 Pasque-flower, 15-21 Passoura, 340 Patrisia, 291 Patrisia, 291 PATRISIE.«, 291 Paullinia, 660 Paullinia, 658, 659, 660. 805 1'avia, 652 Pavonia, 472 Pavcmia, 475, 476, 477, 478 Pearl-wort, 419, 420 Pedicellia, 675 Peganum, 778 Peganum, 781 Pelcea, 654 Pelargonium, 725 Peltaria, 181 Peltaria, 223. 266 Pentca, 363 Penny-cress, 191 Pentadesma, 619 Pentaloba, 342 Pentapetes, 535 Pentapetes, 537, 538 Pepper-wort, 217-221 Periptera, 490 Peritoma, 271 Persoonia, 685 Petrocallis, 182 Pliaocarpus, 675 Pharnaceum, 422 Pheasant' s-eye, 23 Phebalium, 791 Philagonia, 808 Philotheca, 791 Phymatanthus, 731 Physa, 423 Physiphora, 341 Physostemon, 275 Picotee, 388 Pierardia, 675 Pigea, 336 Pile-wort, 43 Pilocarpus, 795 Pihcarpus, 795 Pink, 384-395 Piparea, 342 PITTOSPORE/E, 372 Pittosporum, 373 Plagianthus, 508 Plane-tree, 648 Platyspermum, 193 Platypetalum, 268 Plectanthera, 377 Plenckia, 796 Pleurandra, 73 PLEURORHIZE.E, 173 PODOPHYLLACE/K, 120 Podophyllum, 120 Podophyllmn, 121 Pohlana, 804 Polanisia, 275 Polembryum, 807 Polychlcena, 488 Polycarpon, 424 Polygala, 349 Polugala, 336. 363, 304, 365, 366. 368 POLYGALE.E, 348 Polyspora, 574 Pombalia, 335 Pometia, 670 Ponrea, 663 Poppy, 129-134 Porcelia, 92 Porcelia, 91, 92 Porpa, 547 Porlieria, 773 Portesia, 682 Pourretia, 509 Prockia, 296 Prostea, 664 Pselium, 109 Pseudaleia, 582 Pseudaleioides, 582 Pseudiosma, 807 Psychine, 255 Psychine, 255 PSYCHINE*, 255 Ptelea, 806 Ptelea, 806 Pterisanthes, 694 Pterolobium, 190 Pterygium, 812 Pteroneurum, 171. 269 Pterospermum, 537 Puccoon, 136 Pugionum, 199 Pulsatilla, 15 Purging- flax, 458 Pythagorean-bean, 124 Q- Quapoya, 617 Quararibea, 508 Quassia, 809 Quassia, 810,811 Quick-in-hand, 750 Quinaria, 585 Quivisia, 679 n Racaria, 675 Raddisia, 627 Radiola, 458 Radish, 260-263 INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME. XXV11 Kambootan, C70 RANUNCULACE/E, 2 RANUNCULE.fi, 24 Ranunculus, 25 Ranunculus, 25. 42, 43, 44 Rape, 244, 245 RAPHANEJE, 256 Raphanlstrum, 263 Raphanus, 260 Raphanus, 200, 201. 209. 225, 226. 247. 249, 250. 260. 264 Rapistrum, 259 Raplstrum, 199,200,215. 225. 255. 258, 259. 262, 263, 264 Raputia, 797, 798 Ratonia, 668 Rattany, 370 Ravia, 797 Recchia, 72 Red-campion, 415 Red-wood, 631, 632 Red-sorrel, 483 Redoutea, 487 Redowskia, 223 Reinwardtia, 573 Reseda, 287 RESEDACE^E, 286 Reveesia, 518 Rhatany, 370, 371 Rheedia, 619 RHIZOBOLE^E, 663 Rhizobolvs, 654 Rhodolaena, 562 Ritas, 807 Rhynchotheca, 714 Riana, 314 Richiea, 276 Ricotia, 174 Ricotia, 266 Riedleia, 529 Rinorea, 341 Robertia, 45 Robinea, 667 Rocket, 202-204 240 Rocket-larkspur, 50 Rock-lychnis, 415 Rock-rose, 298-301 Roelana, 632 Roemeria, 137 Rcepera, 770 Rollinia, 90 Romanzowia, 346 Roridula, 34? Rose-campion, 416, 417 Rose of Jericho, 199 Roumea, 292 Roumea, 292 Rubentia, 805 Rue, 778, 779 Ruizia, 535 Ruizia, 673 Rulingia, 524 Ruta, 778 Ruta, 780, 781 RUTACE.E, 775 Ruyschia, 625 Ryana?a, 291 S. Sacaglottis, 676 Scelanthus, 690. 693 Sagina, 419 Sagitia, 420. 424 Salacia, 627 Salacia, 629 Salmonea, 362 Salomonia, 362 Samadera, 811 Samadera, 647 Sumadura, 811 Samandura, 518 Samara, 806 Samyda, 295 Sand-chickweed, 424 Sand-mustard, 252, 253 Sand-spurry, 425, 426 Sand-wort, 431-441 Sandal-wood, 680 Sandoricum, 680 Sanguinaria, 136 Saouari, 654 SAFIN DACE^E, 654 SAPINDEJE, 656 Sapindus, 665 Sapindus, 667. 670. 672. 803 Saponaria, 396 Saponarla, 382. Sarracenia, 128 SARRACENIE^E, 127 Sarcocapnos, 144 Sarcocarpum, 101 Sarcocaulon, 715 Sarcolama, 562 Sarothra, 612 Sasanqua, 576 Sauce-alone, 209 Saurauja, 567 Saurauja, 568 SAURAUJE*, 567 SAUVAGE.E, 377 Sauvagesia, 377 Savignya, 254 Savoys, 227. 230 Scarlet-lychnis, 415 Schepperia, 278 Schiedea, 427 Schima, 573 Schinus, 802, 803 Schivereckia, 177 Schizandra, 101 SCHIZANDRIACE^E, 101 Schizoclnton, 685 Schizolsena, 562 SCHIZOPETALIEjE, 268 Schizopetalon, 268 Schlechtendalia, 557 Schleichera, 672 Schmidelia, 663 Schmideiia, 665 Schranckia, 259 Schouwia, 255 Schouwia, 476 Schweiggeria, 319 Sciurit, 797. 799 Sclerostylis, 584 Scopolia, 805, 806 Scotch-kale, 228 Screw- tree, 506. 508 Scruby-oak, 814 Scurvy-grass, 187-190 Scytalia, 670, 671 Sea-cole-wort, 227, 228 Sea-heath, 375, 376 Sea-kale, 256-259 Sea-rocket, 200 Sea-spurry, 426 Securidaca, 369 Selas, 582 Selenia, 269 Scmarillaria, 660, 661 Senacia, 374 Senckenbergia, 219 Senebiera, 216 Senebiera, 217 Senega, 359 Seringia, 526 Serjania, 658 Seriana, 658 Serra, 488 Serraa, 488 Sethia, 633 Seymouria, 731 Shaddock, 596 Shepherd's-purse, 210 Sliorea, 813 Shrubby-trefoil, 806 Sicyos, 691 Sida, 490 Sida, 470. 488-504 Side-saddle-flower, 128 Sierra Leone Sugar-plum, 635 Silene, 398. 449 Silene, 397- 398 SILENE/E, 381 Sitiqitaria, 273 Silk-cotton-tree, 51 1 Simaba, 810 Simaba, 811 Simaruba, 809 SIMARUBEjE, 808 Sinapis, 248 Sinapit, 206. 210. 242. 247. 252, 253, 260. 263. 264 Singana, 263 SlSYMBRE^E, 201 Sisymbrium, 204 Sisi/mbrhim, 155-159 160. 163, 164. 170. 197. 204. 209. 213. 246. 24?. 249. 252, 253. 266 Slave-wood, 810 Sloanea, 555 Snake-root, 359 Soap-berry, 665, 666 Soap-wort, 396 399 Sobolewskia, 225 Sodaba, 278 Solnndra, 505 Solea, 335 Solea, 338 Sopliia,_ 207 Soramia, 71 Soria, J98 Soulamea, 364 Soutltieellia, 515 Sour-sop, 87 Sour-gourd, 509, 510 Souroubea, 625 Sparmannia, 541 Spatularia, 342 Spergula, 424 Spergula, 347. 425. 436. 448 Spergulastrum, 448 Spergularia, 425 Spermaxyrum, 580 Sphaeralcea, 465 Sphserostemma, 101 Spiranthera, 796 SPIROLOBEJE, 263 Spirospermum, 104 Sprengelia, 536 Spurry, 424, 425 St. John's-wort, 601-612 St. Peter's-wort, 606 Stadmannia, 669 Stalagmitis, 620 Stanleya, 214 Stauntonia, 104 Staves-acre, 54 Stegia, 468 Stellaria, 427 Stellaria, 424. 433, 434. 436. 438, 439. 445 Stenopetalum, 214 Stephania, 385 Stephania, 113 Sterculia, 515 STERCULIACE.E, 514 Sterigma, 226 Sterigmostemon, 226 Stevenia, 160 Stewartia, 490 Steudelia, 631 Stigmarota, 292 Stitchwort, 427-431 Slipularia, 425 Stock, 151, 152, 153. 269 Stork's-bill, 725-743 Streptanthus, 269 Strigilia, 679 Strcemia, 277 Stuartia, 573 Stuartia, 572 Stylophorum, 135 Subularia, 268 Subularla, 165. 255 SUBULARIE/E, 268 Succowia, 254 Sugar-maple, 650 Summer-grape, 71 1 Sun-dew, 343-346 Sun-fruit, 542 Sun-rose, 302-315 Suwarrow-nut, 654 Swamp-laurel, 82 Swamp-sassafras, 82 Swedish-turnip, 241, 242 Sweet-lemon, 589 Sweet-lime, 589 Sweet- sop, 89 Sweet-William, 385 Swietenia, 687 Surietenia, 688 Sycamore, 648 Symphonia, 618 Syrenia, 210 Syrian -rue, 778 T. Talauma, 85 Talisia, 669 Taonabo, 565 Tasmannia, 80 Tauscheria, 223 Tea, 678, 579 Teesdalia, 193 Telfairia, 524 Temus, 79 Ternstrcemia, 564 Ternstrcemia, 566, 567 TERNSTIUEMIACE#:,562 TERNSTR2-10(>. 213. 251. 253 Tutsan, 601 Tytonia, 749 U. Ulex, 366 Unona, 93 Unona, 97 Umbrella-tree, 83. 485 Urena, 470 Urena, 470. 472. 474 Urvillea, 657 Uvaria, 93 Uvaria, 94, 95, 96. 9!( V. Valentinia, 675 Palentinia, 675 XXV111 INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME. Vallea, 061 Vargasia, 643 fanalphimia, 568 VASCULARES, 1 Valeria, 814 Vatica, 557 Velago, 537 Vclraia, 417 Vella, 254 Vella, 254 VELLE*, 254 Ventenatia, 570 Venus's Fly-trap, 347 Vepris, 806 Vepris, 805 Verticillaria, 615 Vesicaria, 176 Vesicaria, 176, 177. 180, 181 Viola, 320 Viola, 318, 319. 335-339. 361 V1OLARIE.E, 317 VIOLET, 318 Violet, 320-334 Vincentia, 551 Vine, 695-712 VINIFER^E, 689 Virginian-creeper, 694 Virgin's-bower, 3, 4-10 Viscaria,-414 Visenia, 538 Visenia, 529. 531 Vismia, 599 VISMIE«, 599 Vitis, 695 nttmannia, 647.811 Viviania, 418 Volkameria, 280 Voua-Rana, 668 W. Wahibomia, 69 Walkera, 817 Wall-cress, 161-166. 269 Wall-flower, 154-155 Wall-mustard, 252, 253 Wall-rocket, 252 Wall-wort, 420-421 Wallichia, 539 WALLICHIE*:, 539 Waltheria, 530 Wampee-tree, 585 Wart-cress, 216, 217 Water-cress, 156 Water-lily, 125 Water-radish, 156, 157 Water-rocket, 154 Wax-tree, COO Weld, 288 Welsh-poppy, 135 Wendlandia, 107 White-wood, 86 White-mustard, 250 Whitlow-grass, 182-186 Wikstrcemia, 569 Wild-navette, or navew, 241 Wild-cabbage, 227, 228 Wind-flower, 17-21 Winter-aconite, 45 Winter's-bark, 80 Winter-cress, 159 Winter-grape, 711 Winter-greens, 228 Winter-navette, 244 Wintera, 79, 80 Winterana, 79, 80. 679 Wisenia, 529 Wittelsbachia, 569 Woad, 223, 224, 225 Wolf's-bane, 63 Woodginoos, 800 Wood-sorrel, 754-768 Wood-sour-trefoil, 765 Woold, 288 Wool-tree, 512. 513 Wormia, 76 Wormia, 77 Wormskioldia, 273 Woud, 288 X. Xanthe, 617 Xanthochymus, 620, 621 Xeropetalum, 558 Ximenia, 581 \imenia, 774 Xylocarpus, 685, 686 Xylopia, 96 V. Yarr, 425 Yellow Bachelors' -buttons, 36 Yellow-poplar, 86 Yellow-rocket, 159 Yellow-root, 22. 65 Yellow Water-lily, 127 Yellow-weed, 288 Yellow- wood, 86 Yulan, 83 Z. Zanthorhiza, 65 ZANTHOXYLEyE, 800 Zanthoxylum, 801 Zanthoxylum, 793 Zieria,794 Zilla, 255 ZILLE.E, 255 Zwingera, 811 ZYGOPHYLLEJL, 768 Zygophyllum, 771 Zygophyllum, 771. 773 Zymum, 639 CORRECTIONS. Page 15. for Pulsatllaf read Pulsatilla. 47. under Isopyrum fumarioides read flowers yellow instead of white. 57. for Monk's-wood read Monk's-hood. - — - 68/01- Polydelphous read Polyadelphous. 78. for shobile-like read strobile-like. 86. for Calyciflora read Calyciflorse. 118. first column, in the specific characters of Mahonia aquif6lium, no. 2. and Mah6nia nervdsa, no. 4. for distant from the petiole read distant from the base of the petiole. 122. 128, and 129 for Nymphiaceee read Nymphaeaceae. 122. and 124/or Mymphaeea read Nymphaeeae. 418, lines 3 and 6, for grandiflora read grandifolia. , col. 2, lines 9 and 12, for parviflora read parvifolia. 429. col. 2, line 17 from bottom,/or Q r««* V. Page 526. for urceolas read urceolus. 354. under Polygala arillata read flowers yellow instead of red, and shrub 10 feet high instead of 1 foot. The folloning words to be altered wherever they are found. For monodelphous read monadelphous. unquiculate read unguiculate. Andr. Juss. read Adr. Juss. — Rsem. et Schultz. read Roem. et Schult — brevisty'lus a, urn read brevistylus a, urn. longisty'lus a, um read longistylus a, um. — - radicans read radicans. THE GARDENER'S AND BOTANIST'S DICTIONARY, DICOTYLEDONE^. GRAND DIVISIONS. GRAND DIVISION I. VASCULARES, (from vas, a ves- sel ; plants furnished with spiral vessels) OR COTY- LEDO'NE^E, ((coTvXrjSwv, cotyledon, a seed leaf; plants furnished with seed leaves.) — Plants with cellular tissue (f. 1. 1. 6.), woody fibre and spiral vessels (ad), and fur- nished with true leaves (f. 1. 3. 8. 7.). The flowers usually distinct and symmetrical (f. 2.). Embryo furnished with cotyledons (f. 1. 4. 5. 10. a.), and inclosed within a seed-cover. This division contains all the classes of Lin- naeus, Cryptogamia excepted. GRAND DIVISION II. CELLULA'RES, (cellula, a lit- tle cell ; plants with cellular tissue only,) OR ACOTY- LEDCTNE^E, (a. privative, KorvAijSwv, cotyledon; plants without cotyledons.) — Plants with cellular tissue only (f. 1. 11, 12.). Embryo destitute of cotyledons. Parts of fructification hidden (f. 1. 14. 13. a.). This grand di- vision only contains the class Cryptogamia of Linnasus. GRAND DIVISION I. VASCULARES OR COTYLEDO'NE^E. CLASSES. CLASS I. DICOTYLEDO'NE.E, (£, gennao, to bring forth ; stem increasing by external layers). D. C. syst. 1. p. 123. prod. 1. p. 1. Stem increasing by external layers ; with an evident distinc- tion between bark and wood (f. 1.2. a, 6.). Leaves traversed by branch veins (f. 1. 3.). Parts of flower generally disposed in a quinary number (f. 2. 2.). Embryo with 2 opposite coty- ledons (f. 1. 4. a.), or when more they are disposed in a whorl (f. 1. 5. a.). Plumule in the centre of their point of junction VOL. I. (f. 1. 4. b. and 5. i.): the inferior end of the embryo itself elongated into a radicle, and not containing any secondary ra- dicles in its substance (f. 1. 4. c. and 5. c.). CLASS II. MONOCOTYLEDONEjE, Ovoc, monos, one; KOTvXrjSoiv, cotyledon, plants furnished with 1 cotyledon) or ENDOGE'NE-ZE (tvlov, endon, within ; yevvaia, gennao, to bring forth ; stem increasing by internal layers.) Stem increasing by internal layers with no evident distinction between bark and wood, but are mixed together (f. 1. 6.). Leaves traversed by simple veins (f. 1. 7. 8.) usually with no articulation between the leaves and the stem, while in Dico- tyledbneae the leaves are always joined with the stem, from which they fall off, leaving a scar behind. Embryo fur- nished with 1 cotyledon (f. 1.10. a.), or if 2, they are alter- nate (f. 1 . 9. «.) ; the inferior end elongated into a radicle or radicles (f. 1. 10. b. & 9. b.). Plumule usually inclosed in the body of the embryo. FIG. 1. CLASS I. DICOTYLEDONE^E OR EXOGE'N^. Synopsis of the Subclasses, deduced from the organs of fructi- fication. l.Perigone double, (f. 2. 3. and 4. 6.) Subclass I. THALAMIFLO'ILE. (f. 2. 1.) Petals many, distinct ; and are, as well as the stamens, inserted in the receptacle (a). B RANUNCULACE^E. Subclass II. CALYCIFLO'RJE (f. 2. 2.). Petals many, distinct (a), or united together at the base, and are as well as the stamens, inserted in the calyx (6.). Subclass III. COROLLIFLO'RJE. (f. 2. 3 and 4.). Petals united together in one (a.), inserted in the receptacle (b.), and bearing the stamens (c.). 2. Perigone Simple (f. 2. 5. a.). Subclass IV. MONOCHLAMY'DEJE (f. 2. 5.). Corolla wanting, or united with the calyx (a.) and bearing the stamens (6.). FIG. 2 SUBCLASS I. THALAMIFLO'R^E (from thalamus, a bride chamber, and flos, a flower, in allusion to the parts of the flower being inserted in the receptacle.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 1. Calyx of many sepals. Petals many, distinct, and are as well as the stamens inserted into the receptacle (f. 2. I.e.). The insertion of the petals and stamens into the receptacle is the great character of this subclass, which therefore contains all the Polyandrous plants of Linnaeus. SECT. I. Ovaries numerous, aggregate (f. 3. 6. f. 7. b. & f. C. c.), each bearing a style rarely solitary from abortion or coali- tion (f. 13. b.). Stamens indefinite, or if definite then opposite the petals. ORDER!. RANUNCULA'CE^E. (plants agreeing with Ra- nunculus in many important characters.) Juss. 231. D. C. syst. 1. p. 127. prod. 1. p. 2. Calyx of many definite sepals (f. 4. a. f. C. b. f. 14. a.), or many parted with an equal number of petals (f. 14. c.), or twice or thrice that number, sometimes wanting (f. 7. a. f. 4. a. f. 3. a.). Stamens indefinite, free (f. 2. 1. a. f. 4. &.). Anthers adnate, usually turned outwards (f. 4. b.). Pistils inserted in the torus (f. 10. rf.). Carpels many (f. 3. b. f. 6. c.), 1-celled (f. 6. d. f. 9. g.), pseudospermous (f. C. c. f. 3. 6.), baccate (f. 7. b. f. 13. b.), capsular (f. 11. c. f. 12. c.), or follicular (f. 14. e./.), 1 (f. 6. e. f. 9. g.~), or many- seeded (f. 13. c. f. 14./.). Seeds attached by their inner side, solitary, erect (f. 9. g.f.) or pendulous (f. 6 e.), or if many, usually disposed in one row along the margin of the carpel (f. 14. /.). Embryo minute, placed in the base of a corneous albumen (f. 9. /.). Herbs, undershrubs, or sarmentose shrubs. Roots fascicled, grumose or fibrous. Leaves, simple or variously cut, with stalks more or less dilated at their base, alternate ; but opposite in Clematideae. The greater part of the plants of this order are objects of in- terest with gardeners, containing as it does many of the most elegant and shewy of the tribes of plants. It is remarkable, how- ever, that the acrid and venomous properties of these plants are nearly as powerful as their beauty is great. M. De Candolle re- marks, that its nature is extremely singular ; it is so volatile, that in most cases, simple drying in the air, or infusion in water, is sufficient to destroy it ; it is neither acid nor alkaline ; but its activity is increased by acids, honey, sugar, wine, or alcohol, and it is in reality destructible only in water. The recent herb applied externally to the skin causes blisters. The roots are usually drastic or emetic. The seeds are generally acrid and aro- matic, and retain their power of vegetation a considerable time, therefore they are easily imported in a vegetative state from any part of the world. Synopsis of the Genera. True RANUNCULA'CE^E. Anthers bursting outwards (pi. 1. f. 5.). TRIBE I. CLEMATIDEJE. Calyx in the bud valcate (f. 2. 1. c.), or in- duplicate (f. 4. c. d.). Petals wanting (f. 2. 1. b. f. 4. a.), or Jlat. Carpels indehiscent (f. 3. 6.), l-seeded (f. 3. d.), ending in a tail, which is generally feathery (f. 3. e. c.). Seed pendu- lous (f. 3. d.). Leaves opposite (f. 3. 4 and 5.). Climbing shrubs, rarely herbs. 1 CLE'MATIS. Petals wanting (f. 3. and 4. a.). Carpels ses- sile (f. 3. 6.). 2 ATRAOE'NE. Petals numerous, shorter than the calyx. Carpels sessile. 3 NARAVE'LIA. Petals 6 to 12, longer than the calyx (f. 5. a.). Carpels seated on a thick hollow stipe (f. 5. &.). TRIBE II. ANEM6NEJE. Calyx and Corolla imbricate in the bud (f. 14. a.). Petals wanting (f. 6. b. f. 7. a.), or Jlat. Carpels l-seeded (f. 6. d.~), indehiscent (f. 6. c.), usually ending in a tail (f, G.f.) or point (f. 6. c.). Seed pendulous (f. 6. e.). Leaves radical (f. 6.),' or alternate (f. 7.). Herbs, rarely shrubs. 4 THALICTRUM. Involucre wanting. Calyx of 4 or 5 petal- like sepals. Petals wanting. Carpels dry, never ending in a tail, stipitate, or sessile, someiimes furrowed longitudinally. 5 TETRA'CTIS. Involucre wanting. Calyx of 4 petal-like se- pals. Petals wanting. Stamens 4. Carpels 4, acute. 6 ANEMONE. Involucre of 3 cut leaflets, distant from the flower (f. 6. a.). Calyx of 5 to 15 petal-like sepals (f. 6. b.). Petals wanting. 7 HEPA'TICA. Involucre of 3 entire leaflets, just under the flower. Calyx of from 6 to 9 petal-like sepals. Petals wanting. 8 HYDUA'STIS. Involucre wanting. Calyx of 3 sepals (f. 7. a.). Petals wanting. Carpels baccate (f. 7. b ). 9 KNOWLTONIA Involucre none. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5 to 15. Carpels baccate. RANUNCULACE^:. I. CLEMATIS. 3 10 ADONIS. Involucre wanting. Calyx of 5 pressed sepals. Petals 5 to 1 5. Carpels dry, ovate, pointed with the style. 1 1 HAMADRY'AS. Involucre wanting. Calyx of 5 or 6 se- pals (f. 8. «.). Petals 10 or 12 (f. 8. b.). Carpels ovate. Flowers dioecious. TRIBE III. RANU'NCULE*:. Calyx and Corolla imbricate in the bud (f. 14. a.). Petals bilabiate, or increased with a scale on the inside at the base (f. 9. c.). Carpels l-seeded (f. 9. g.\ dry, inde- hiscent (f. 9. e, d.). Seed erect (f. 9./.). Leaves radical or alternate (f. 9.). Herbs. 12 MYOSU'RUS. Sepals 5, unconnected at the base, and drawn out downwards beyond their insertion. Petals 5. Carpels dis- posed on a long slender receptacle. 13 CERATOCE'PHAUJS. Sepals 5, connected at the base. Pe- tals 5. Pericarps gibbous on both sides at the base, and drawn out at the apex in a horn, which is 6 times longer than the seed, disposed in a long spike. 14 RANU'NCULUS. Sepals 5, connected at the base (f. 9. «.). Petals usually 5 (f. 9. &.). Pericarps not gibbous at the base, pointed, disposed in globose or cylindrical heads (f. 9. e. d.). 15 CASA'LIA. Calyx of 3 petal-like sepals connected at the base. Petals 3. Pericarps not gibbous at the base, pointed, disposed in hemispherical or cylindrical heads. 16 APHANOSTE'MMA. Calyx of 5 petal-like sepals, connected at the base. Petals 5, small, gland-like. Pericarps not gibbous at the base, compressed, orbicular, pointed, somewhat marginate. 17 FICA'RIA. Sepals 3, connected at the base. Petals 9. Pe- ricarps blunt. TRIBE IV. HELLE'BOREJE. Calyx and Corolla imbricate in the bud (f. 14. a.). Petals sometimes wanting (f. 12. a.), sometimes ir- regular, bilabiate, nectariferous (f. 11. e. f. 12. &.). Calyx petal-like (f. 11. b. f. 12. a.). Carpels capsular, dehiscent, many-seeded (f. 11. c. f. 12. c.). Leaves radical or alternate (f. 10. 12.). Herbs. 18 CA'LTHA. Calyx deciduous, or permanent, of 5 regular petal-like sepals (f. 10. a.). Petals wanting. Capsules sessile. 19 Tr6i,Lius. Calyx deciduous, of from 5 to 20 regular petal-like sepals. Petals from 5 to 20, unilabiate. Capsules sessile. 20 ERA'NTHIS. Involucre many-parted, just under the flower (f. 11. a. d.). Calyx deciduous, of from 5 to 8 regular petal-like sepals (f. 11. b.). Petals 6 to 8. Capsules on pedicels (f. 11. c.). 21 HELLE'BORUS. Calyx permanent, rather coriaceous, of 5 sepals. Petals 8 to 10. Capsules coriaceous, sessile. 22 COPTIS. Calyx deciduous, of 5 or G regular petal-like sepals. Petals 5 or 6. Capsules membranaceous, on pedicels. 23 ISOPY'RUM. Calyx deciduous, of 5 regular petal-like sepals, (f. 12. a.)- Petals 5 (f. 12. &.). Capsules sessile, membrana- ceous (f. 12. c.). 24 ENE'MION. Calyx of 5 deciduous petal-like sepals. Fila- ments clavated. Capsules ovate, compressed, 2-seeded, pointed with the style, sessile, membranaceous. 25 GARIDE'LLA. Calyx deciduous, of 5 regular petal-like se- pals. Petals 5. Carpels 3, connected. Styles very short. 26 NIGE'LLA. Calyx of 5 deciduous petal-like sepals. Petals 5 to 10. Carpels 5, connected. Styles very long. 27 AQUILE'GIA. Calyx of 5 regular petal-like sepals. Petals 5, each drawn out downwards into a hollow spur. 28 DELPHI'NIUM. Calyx of 5 deciduous petal-like irregular sepals, with the upper one drawn out downwards into a hollow spur. Petals 4, the 2 upper ones drawn out downwards into the spur. 29 ACONITUM. Calyx deciduous, of 5 irregular petal-like sepals, with the upper sepal helmet-shaped. Petals 2-stalked, tubular, within the hollow of the upper sepal. TRIBE V. P.EONIA'CE.E, or spurious RANUNCULAVCE.S:. Anthers bursting innards. Leaves radical or alternate. Herbs, rarely shrubs. SO CIMICI'FUGA. Calyx of 4 deciduous sepals. Petals 4. Styles 1 to 12. Carpels dry, dehiscent, many-seeded. 31 ACT^'A. Calyx of 4 deciduous sepals. Petals 4. Style 1. Carpel baccate, indehiscent (f. 13. &.), many-seeded (f. 13. c.). 32 ZANTHORHIZA. Calyx of 5 deciduous sepals. Petals 5. Carpels 2 or 3-seeded, but from abortion usually l-seeded. 33 PJEONIA. Calyx of 5 permanent sepals (f. 14. &.). Pe- tals 5, flat (f. 14. c.). Carpels follicular, many-seeded (f. 14. Tribe I. CLEMATI'DE^E (plants resembling Clematis,) D. C. syst. 1. p. 131. prod. 1. p. 2. Calyx when in bud valvate (f. 2. I.e.) or induplicate (f. 4. d. c.). Petals none (f. 3. and 4.). or flat (f. 5.). Anthers linear, turned outwards (f. 4. &.). Carpels aggregate (f. 3. 6.), l-seeded, indehiscent, terminated by a tail, (f. 3.c.). Seed pendulous (f. 3. d.). Leaves opposite (f. 3. and 4.). Roots fibrous. I. CLE'MATIS (from icX»/jua, clema, a vine branch, because most of the species climb like the vine) Lin. gen. no. 695. Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 353. t. 14. D. C. syst. 1. p. 131. prod. 1. p. 2. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Polygy'nia. Involucre none, or situated under the flower, in the form of a calyx. Calyx of from 4 to 8 coloured sepals. Petals none (f. 3. and 4.). Carpels numerous, aggregate (f. 3. b.~), terminated by a long, mostly feathery, tail, (f. 3. c.). Climbing ' shrubs, with variously cut opposite leaves, (f. 3. and 4.) The recent herb of all the species is more or less acrid, and when applied to the skin occasions blisters. The English name of this genus, Virgin's-Bower, is given to it on account of several of the species being used for covering bowers. It is also called Traveller's-joy, because several of the species grow in hedges by way-sides, as well as from the beauty and the scent of their flowers, or more probably from their affording a grateful shade. SECT. I. FIA'MMULA (from Jlammeo, to inflame ; blistering qualities of plants). D. C. syst. 1. p. 131. prod. 1. p. 2. Invo- lucre wanting. Tail of carpel long, bearded, feathery (f. 3. c.). Cotyledons distant in the seed. § 1. Florvers panicled. Leaves pinnate (f. 4.), or bipin- nate. Those species that are said to have pinnate leaves have the leaflets of the loner leaves often ternate. B 2 RANUNCULACE^E. I. CLEMATIS. 1 C. ERE'CTA (All. pedem. No. 1078.) stem erect; leaves pinnate, with stalked ovate, acuminated quite, entire leaflets; corymbs dense; sepals oval. 1£. H. Native of the south of Europe, particularly in France, Spain, Austria, Tartary, &c. on hills and in woods. Schkur. handb. 2. t. 151. C. recta, Lin. spec. 767. Jacq. aust. t. 291. Woodv. med. bot. 1. p. 173. t. 62. C. flammula. All. pedem. no. 1080, exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers white, sweet-scented. This plant was recommended by Baron Stcerk, in 1769, as an use- ful medicine in many obstinate complaints. He found it suc- cessful in inveterate syphilitic diseases. It was usual for him to employ the leaves and flowers, as well as an extract prepared from the former ; yet the preparation which he chiefly recom- mends is an infusion of two or three drams of the leaves in a pint of boiling water, of which he gave four ounces three times a day, while the powdered leaves were applied as an escharotic to the ulcers. Var. ft, C. mrrecta prcecocior, &c. Tourn. inst. 394. stems reddish ; leaflets cordate or ovate-lanceolate. Far. y, C. Hispanica surrecta, &c. Tourn. inst. 594. leaflets oblong-lanceolate; bracteas large, elongated, oblong. C. His- panica Mill. diet. no. 8. C. corymbosa, Poir. diet. 2. p. 297. Var. S, bracteosa (Banks, herb.) bracteas oblong, large, elon- gated. Erect Virgin's Bower. Fl. Ju. to Aug. Clt. 1597. PI. 2 to 3 ft. 2 C. MARITIMA (Lin. spec. 767.) stem erect, herbaceous; leaves pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, tapering to both ends, entire, and 3-lobed ; upper leaves linear ; corymbs loose ; sepals spa- tulate. 14. . H. Native of Europe. Leaflets 5, stalked, 3-nerved. Corymbs terminal and axillary. Flowers white, larger than those of C. erecta ; sepals 3-5. Sea-side Virgin's Bower. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. ? PI. 3 to 4 ft. 3 C. FLA'MMULA (Lin. spec. 766.) leaves pinnate, smooth with orbicular, oval, oblong or linear, entire or 3-lobed, acutish leaflets. Jj . ,_,. H. Native of the South of Europe and North of Africa, common in hedges and bushy places. Flowers white, sweet- scented. Var. a, rolundifolia (D. C. syst. 1. p. 134.) leaflets almost orbicular. Native of Naples. C. fragrans, Tenore, fl. neap. vol. 1 . t. 48. prod. 32. Var. /3, vulgdris (D. C. 1. c.) leaflets oval or oblong-lanceo- late. C. flammula, Lin. spec. 766. C. maritima, All. pedem. no. 1081. Var. y, maritima (D. C. 1. c.) leaflets linear. Native near Montpelier, by the sea-side. Var. S, rubella (D. C. syst. 1. p. 135.) leaflets oval, usually emarginate ; sepals 4, reddish on the outside. Var. c, ccespitosa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 3.) leaflets minute, en- tire, or cut. C. caespit6sa, Scop. fl. earn. ed. 2. vol. i. p. 389. C. flammula, B. Bertol. amcen. 236. These plants are less acrid than any others of the genus. Flame, or sweet-scented Virgin's Bower. Fl. Jul. to Oct. Clt. 1596. Shrub cl. 4 C. MASSONL/ONA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 135.) leaves pinnate; leaflets smooth, rather glaucous, ovate, deeply-toothed, 3-lobed or ternate. Tj.w. G. Native of South Africa. Leaflets usually 7. Pericarps elliptical, pubescent. Masson's Virgin's Bower. Fl. ? Clt. ? Shrub cl. 5 C. ORIENTALS (Lin. spec. 763.) leaves pinnate ; leaflets smooth, wedge-shaped, with 3 toothed pointed lobes. ^.-^.'H. Native of the Levant and Caucasus, in bushy places. Pict. hort. par. p. 37. f. 3. C. flava. Mcench. meth. 296.— Dill. elth. 144, t. 119, f. 145, good. There is a variety with trifid peduncles. Flowers greenish-yellow, with a tinge of russet on the upper part and outside ; sweet-scented. Eastern Virgin's Bower. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1731. Sh. cl. 6 C. GLAU'CA (Willd. arb. 65. t. 4. f. 1.) leaves pinnate; leaflets smooth, glaucous, wedge-shaped, with entire bluntish lobes ; peduncles trifid. ^ . w. H. Native of the southern parts of Siberia in arid places. Wats. dend. brit. t. 78. Leaf- lets usually 3-lobed. Panicle somewhat corymbose. Flowers yellowish, scentless. Glaucous Virgin's Bower. Fl. Ap. to Jul. Clt. 1800 ? Sh. cl. 7 C. PANICULA'TA (Thunb. in Lin. trans. 2. p. 337.) leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate-cordate, acute, entire ; peduncles panicled, many-flowered. Jj • w H. Native of Japan, near Nagasaki. C. vitalba japonica, Houtt. pflanz. 7. p. 309. f. 2. C. crispa, Thunb. fl. jap. 239, but not of Lin. Leaves pinnately decom- pound. Panicles axillary. Flowers white, sweet-scented, resem- bling those of C. flammula. Panic/erf-flowered Virgin's Bower. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1796. Shrub cl. 8 C. LONGI'LOBA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 136.) leaves pinnate; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, quite entire, smooth. fj. w. H. Native of China. An intermediate species between C. panicu- lata, and C. minor. Leaflets 5 or 7, distant, on long stalks. Flowers probably white, and sweet-scented. Long-lobed-\eaved Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 9 C. MI'NOR (Lour. fl. cochin. 1. p. 422.) leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, quite entire ; peduncles many flow- ered, length of leaves ; ovaries 4. Tj . ,_,. H. Native of China, in the suburbs of Canton. A little like C. flammula. Stem suflruticose. Leaflets 5, blunt, on long stalks. Flowers the smallest of all the genus, white and sweet-scented. Smaller-fiowered. Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 10 C. CHINE'NSIS (Retz. obs. 2. p. 18. No. 53. t. 2.) leaves pinnate, leaflets ovate-lanceolate, quite entire; peduncles few- flowered, longer than the leaves ; ovaries usually 4, with almost naked tails. Tj . w. H. Native of China, in the islands called Danes. C. Sinensis, Lour. coch. 1. p. 422. Leaflets 5. Flowers small, dark-purple, and probably sweet-scented. Chinese Virgin's Bower. FL? Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 11 C. TERNIFLORA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 137.) leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate, blunt, quite entire ; peduncles trifid, 3-flowered ; ovaries usually 5, with bearded tails. fj . ,_,. F. Native of China, in the province of Chekiang. Leaflets 5 or 7. Flowers probably white and sweet-scented. Middle pedicle naked, late- ral ones bearing awl-shaped bracteas beneath their middle. Three-flowered Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 12 C. BREVICAUDA'TA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 138.) leaves pin- nate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, grossly serrated ; pe- duncles spreading, crowdedly panicled, shorter than the leaves. lj . ^j. F. Native of China, between Pekin and Jehol. Flowers probably white. Short-tailed-carpeNed Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 13 C. HERACLE^rbLiA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 138.) leaves pin- nate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, broadly and deeply-toothed, ter- minal one 3-lobed ; peduncles erect, and are, as well as the branches, velvety-cinereous. Jj . w. F. Native of China, be- tween Pekin and Jehol. Leaflets coriaceous. Flowers white. Heracleum-leaved Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 14 C. GOURIA'NA (Roxb. ined in herb. Lamb. D. C. syst. 1. p. 138.) leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, usually 5-nerved, acuminated, entire or toothed, cordate at the base ; peduncles pubescent, generally longer than the leaves. ^ . w. S. Native of the East Indies. Leaflets 3 or 5, on long stalks. Se- pals velvety. Gour's Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 15 C. VJTA'IBA (Lin. spec. 766.) leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, cordate at the base, partly cut ; peduncles forked, shorter than the leaves. ^ . w. fl. Native of the middle and south of Europe, in the islands of the Archipe- RANUNCULACE^. I. CLEMATIS. lago, and north of Africa ; very common in hedges and bushy places, in the plains, and on the lower mountains ; in Britain espe- cially on a calcareous soil. Eng. hot. t. 612. Curt. lond. fasc. 4.1.37. Jacq. aust. t. 308. Schkur. handb. 2. p. 1472. t. 151. Schrank hort. monac. 2. t. 108. C. sepium, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 306. Leaflets 5. Flowers white, with a sweet almond scent. Var. ft, integrata (D. C. syst. 1. p. 139.) leaflets with very few teeth or quite entire. Vitis nigra. Fusch. hist. 97, with a wood-cut. White-vine, or Traveller's Joy. Fl. July to Sept. Brit. Sh. cl. 16 C. GREWi/EFLbRA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 140.) leaves pinnate, clothed with yellow down ; leaflets cordate, acute, sharply ser- rated ; peduncles 3 or 5-flowered, shorter than the leaves. J22 . w. S. Native of Monte- Video. Flowers white. Monte-Fidean Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 22 C. CORDA'TA (Pursh, fl. am. sept. 2. p. 384.) leaves pinnate, leaflets cordate, acuminated, lobed, or deeply-toothed ; pedun- cles elongated, many-flowered ; flowers dioecious in racemose panicles. Tj . w. H. Native of Virginia, on high mountains. Leaflets 3 or 5. Flowers small, white. In general appearance it approaches near to C. vitalba. Cordate-leafietted Virgin's Bower. Fl. July. Shrub cl. 23 C. CARIPE'NSIS (H. B. and Kunth nov. gen. et spe. amer. 5. p. 36.) leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, 5-nerved, quite entire, smooth ; pedicels and bracteas pubescent ; flowers panicled, dioecious. fj . ^. S. Native of Cumana, in shady places, nearCaripa. C. Caracasana, D. C. syst. 1. p. 141. Leaf- lets 5. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Differing from all the other dioecious species in the leaves being pinnate, not ternate. In general appearance it is like C. vitalba. Caripa Virgin's Bower. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 24 C. AFFI'NIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 3.) leaves pinnate ; leaflets oblong, acuminate, acute, quite entire, pubescent beneath ; pericarps hairy. Tj . w. S. Native of Brasil, in the province of Minas Geraes, near Onca. Flowers white ? Pericarps with fea- thery tails. Leaflets 5 or 7, stalked. Allied Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. § 2. Flowers panicled Leaves ternate (f. 3.) or biternate. 25 C. VIRGINIA'NA (Lin. amcen. 4. p. 275.) flowers panicled, dioecious ; leaves ternate ; leaflets cordate, acute, grossly-toothed or lobed. Tj. v. H. Native of North America, from Canada to Florida, in hedges, and among small shrubberies on the sides of woods, and grassy banks of rivers. Wats. dend. brit. t. 74. C. Canadensis, Mill. diet. no. 5. C. cordifblia, Mcench suppl. 104. Alb. acad. ann. 1. p. 79. t. 7. Flowers small, white and fra- grant. In general appearance like C. vitalba. Far. ft, bracteata (D. C. prod. 1. p. 4.) leaflets ovate-lan- ceolate, entire. C. bracteata, Mcench suppl. 1 03. Virginian Virgin's Bower. Fl. June to Aug. Clt. 1767. Sh. cl. 26 C. CATESBYA'NA. (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 736.) flowers panicled, usually dioecious ; leaves biternate ; leaflets somewhat cordate, 3-lobed. ^ . w. H. Native of South Carolina. Flow- ers small, white. Resembles C. 1'irginiana. The filaments of the female flowers are membranous and linear, without anthers. Catesby's Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 27 C. BRASILIA\NA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 143.) flowers panicled, dioecious ; leaves 3-lobed, ternate or pinnate ; leaflets stalked, ovate-lanceolate, entire or hardly toothed. Jj . w. S. Native of Brasil. Deless. icon. sel. 1 . t. 1 . Leaves pubescent. Flowers small, white, fragrant. Resembles C. vitalba. Far, ft, Idxa (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 2.) stems slenderer; pa- nicles elegantly loose ; sepals narrower. Far. y, minor (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves, panicles, and bracteas smaller ; bracteoles all linear, and are as well as the pedicels and ovaries villous ; pericarps very villous. Far. S, gldbra (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves almost smooth. Brazilian Virgin's Bower. Fl. July to Oct. Clt. 1 823. Sh. cl. 28 C. DIOI'CA (Lin. amcen. 5. p. 398, spec. 765.) flowers panicled, dioecious ; leaves ternate, smoothish ; leaflets ovate, cordate, acuminated, 3-nerved, entire ; pericarps oval ; pedicels pubescent. Tj . w. S. Native of Jamaica. — Sloan, jam. 84. hist. 1. p. 199. t. 128. f. 1. Flowers white, fragrant. Resem- bles C. vitalba. Dioedous Virgin's Bower. Fl. May to July. Clt. 1733. Sh. cl. 29 C. MOCINIA'NA ; flowers panicled, dioecious; leaves pu- bescent ; leaflets stalked, cordate-ovate, bluntish, 3-nerved, quite entire ; sepals oblong or lanceolate, obtuse, about the length of the stamens, pubescent ; pedicels pubescent. tj. w. G. Native of Mexico. C. dioica Lamb herb. The whole plant pubescent. Flowers small, white, resembling those of C. vitdlba. Mocino's Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 30 C. GLA'BRA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 143.) flowers panicled, dioecious ; leaves ternate, very smooth ; leaflets acuminated, 3-nerved, quite entire ; pericarps oval-oblong ; pedicels smooth. T? . w. S. Native of St. Domingo. Very like C. dioica. Smooth Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 31 C. AMERICANA (Mill. diet. no. 14.) flowers panicled, dioecious ; leaves ternate or pinnate ; leaflets smooth, ovate, cor- date, 5-nerved, quite entire, acuminated ; pericarps lanceolate. *2 . w. S. Native of South America, Campechy, Guadaloupe, Martinico, and Jamaica. C. Guadalupae, Pers. ench. 2. p. 99. Panicle large. Flowers white. American Virgin's Bower. Fl. ? Clt.? Shrub cl. 32 C. LOUREIRIA'NA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 144.) flowers pani- cled, dioecious ; leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate, acute, very entire, usually 5-nerved ; pericarps 80, bluntly trigonal. ^ . w. G. Native of Cochinchina. Flowers white. 6 RANUNCULACE^E. I. CLEMATIS. Loureiro's Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 33 C. SERI'CEA (H. B. and Kunth nov. gen. et spec. amer. 5. }). 37.) flowers panicled, dioecious ; leaves ternate or pinnate ; eaflets ovate, 5-nerved, grossly 3 or 5-toothed, underneath silky, villous ; peduncles shorter than the leaves, with many brae- teas. Tj . w. S. Native of South America, about Santa Fe de Bogota, and probably along the banks of the Rio-Grande. Flowers white ? Var. a, stridtula (D. C. syst. 1. p. 144.) stems with 10 or 12 stripes. Native of Santa Fe de Bogota. Leaves ternate. Var. /3, tereticaulis (D. C. 1. c.) stem terete, not striped ; pericarps 20 — 30, pubescent ; leaves ternate and entire. Var. y. costata (D. C. 1. c.) stem with hardly prominent ribs. Native on the banks of the river called Rio-Grande. Leaves pinnate. Silky-leaved Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 34 C. HOLOSERI'CEA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 384.) flowers paniculately corymbose, dioecious ; leaves ternate, pubescent on both surfaces; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, entire. Jj • w H. Native of Carolina. The whole plant is clothed with silky pu- bescence. Sepals linear, longer than the stamens. Flowers small, white. Whole-silky Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 35 C. BONARIE'NSIS (Juss. herb, and D. C. syst. 1. p. 145.) flowers panicled, polygamous ; leaves ternate, smoothish ; leaf- lets ovate-lanceolate, quite entire ; peduncles shorter than the leaves, and are as well as the branches pubescent. Tj . ,_,. F. Native of Buenos Ayres. Flowers white. Ovaries covered with long silky hairs. Buenos-Ayrean Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 36 C. GLYCINOI'DES (D. C. syst. 1. p. 145.) flowers pani- cled, dioecious ; leaves ternate, smooth ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, quite entire, 3-nerved at the base ; peduncles one, half shorter than the leaves ; branches smooth. Tj . w. G. Na- tive of New Holland, about Port Jackson. Flowers small, and probably white. Resembles Gly'cine trifoliata. Glycine-Uke Virgin's Bower. Fl. ? Clt. 1826. Shrub cl. 37 C. HEXASE'PALA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 146.) flowers pani- cled, dioecious, of 6-sepals ; leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate, cor- date, broadly crenated, netted with veins, smooth, coriaceous. tj . w. F. Native of New Zealand. C. Forsteri, Gmel. syst. 873. Forst. icon. ined. in Banks, lib. t. 170. C. hexapetala, Lin. fil. suppl. 271. Bracteas oblong-linear. Flowera^pread- ing, of a yellowish white colour. Six-sepalled Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 38 C. CORIAVCEA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 146.) flowers panicled, dioecious ; leaves ternate ; leaflets cordate, grossly and crenately cut, smooth, coriaceous ; anthers ovate-oblong. ^ . w. G. Na- tive of New Holland, about Port Jackson. Very like C. hexa- sepala, but differing in the flowers being of 4 sepals, not 6. Flowers spreading, pale purple ? Var. a, obtilsa (D. C.I. c.) leaflets cordate, obtuse. Plant male. Var. /3, aciila (D. C. 1. c.) leaflets ovate, acuminate. Plant female. Coriaceous-leaved Virgin's Bower. Fl. ? Clt. 1821. Sh. cl. 39 C. STENOSE'PALA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 147.) flowers pani- cled, dioecious ; leaves ternate ; leaflets cordate, acuminate, 3-nerved, entire or somewhat toothed ; anthers ovate-oblong. J? . ^. G. Native of New Holland, about Port Jackson. C. stenopetala, R. Br. ined. Bracteas oblong, quite entire, acute at both ends. Sepals 4, oblong-linear. Flowers white, a little larger than those of C. vitdlba. The narrorv-sepalled Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 40 C. MICROPHY'LLA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 147.) flowers pani- cled, dioecious ; leaves ternate ; leaflets oblong, usually 1 -nerved, quite entire, smooth, coriaceous. Jj . w. G. Native of New Holland, in the Barren islands. Like C. stenosepala, but with the pericarps smooth, not pubescent. Flowers white. Small-leaved Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 41 C. ARISTA'TA (R. Br. prod. nov. holl. vol. 2. ined. D. C. syst. 1. p. 147.) flowers panicled, dioecious; leaves ternate; leaflets ovate, somewhat cordate, acute, grossly-toothed, 3-nerved ; anthers awned at the apex. Tj . w. G. Native of New Holland. Ker. hot. reg. t. 238. Resembles C. stenosepala. Flowers of 4 sepals, of a greenish-yellow colour. .4re>nerfanthered Virgin's Bower. Fl. MaytoAug. Clt. 1812. Sh.cl. 42 C. INDIVISA (Willd. spec. 2 p. 1291.) flowers panicled; leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate, quite entire, mucronate, coriaceous, smooth. Jj . w. F. Native of New Zealand. C. integrifolia, Forst. prod. 42. No. 231, but not of Lin. C. paniculata, Gmel. syst. 873. Panicles axillary. Flowers probably white. Undivided-leaftetted Virgin's Bower. Shrub, cl. 43 C. HEDYSARIFOLIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 148.) flowers pani- cled : leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate acuminated, nearly entire, smooth, 5-nerved at the base. Tj . w. S. Native of the East Indies, on rocks about Daogown. Ker. bot. reg. t. 599. Flowers white. Ovaries very villous, ending in a short bearded tail. Hedysarum-leaved Virgin's Bower. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1819. Sh.cl. 44 C. ACUMINA'TA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 148.) flowers somewhat panicled ; leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, much acumi- nated, rather serrated at the middle, smooth, 3 or 5-nerved. Jj . w. F. Native of Nipaul at Narain-Hetty. Peduncles tri- chotomous, 3-flowered, hardly longer than the leaves. Flowers campanulate, hairy. Ovaries numerous, ending in a feathery tail. Acuminated-leaved Virgin's Bower. Fl. Dec. Shrub cl. 45 C. APIIFOLIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 149.) flowers panicled, with six styles ; leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate, obtuse, repand- toothed. fj. w. H. Native of Japan. Flowers unknown. Pericarps 5 or 7, stellately spreading. Parsley-leaved Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 46 C. TRIFOLIA'TA (Thunb. in Lin. soc. trans. 2. p. 337.) flowers panicled ; leaves ternately decompound, smooth ; leaflets ovate, obtuse, repand-toothed. Tj.w. H. Native of Japan. Sterns purple. Trifoliate Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 47 C. BITERNA'TA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 149.) flowers pani- cled, hermaphrodite, with six styles ; leaves biternate ; leaflets somewhat cordate, acute. J? . w. F. Native of Timor, Japan, and Cochinchina C. Virginica, Thunb. fl. jap. 240, but not of Lin. Flowers white. Biternate-leaved Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 48 C. TRITERNA'TA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 150.) flowers? leaves bi or triternate, smoothish ; leaflets oval-cuneated, 3-nerved, acutely-trifid. Tj. w. H. Native of? Atragene triternata, Desf. hort. par. Stem round ; branches striped with 6 furrows, and velvety when young. Triternate-\eaveA Virgin's Bower. Fl. ? Clt. ? Shrub cl. § 3. Peduncles trifd, S-fomered (f. 4.), or in threes, 1-Jlowered. Leaves ternate (f. 4.), very rarely pinnate. 49 C. DOJUNICA (Lam. diet. 2. p. 45.) peduncles trifid, 3-flowered, longer than the leaves ; leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate, somewhat cordate, acute, pubescent underneath, a little toothed. ?j . v/. S. Native of St. Domingo, Martinico, Dominica, and Cuba. Atragene polygama. Jacq. amer. ed. pict. 2. t. 261. f. 244. Flowers small, white, scentless, dioecious. Sepals spreading, clothed with rusty down on the outside. Dominica Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 50 C. BRACHIA'TA (Ker. in bot. reg. t. 97.) peduncles in threes, 1 -flowered, trifid or panicled, longer than the leaves; leaves ternate or pinnate ; leaflets ovate, grossly-toothed ; flower- RANUNCULACE^E. I. CLEMATIS. 7 bud globose. ^ . 0). G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers of a yellowish-green colour ; filaments of stamens hispid, especially at their base. Armed Virgin's Bower. Fl. Oct. Dec. Cult. 1804. Shrub cl. 51 C. GRANDIFLORA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 151.) peduncles 1-3-flowered, shorter than the leaves; leaves pinnate, smooth ; leaflets ovate-cordate, acuminated, netted with nerves on the under surface, coarsely serrated. ^ . w. S. Native of Sierra Leone on the mountains. C. chlorantha Lindl. bot. reg. 1234. Flowers campanulate, the largest of all the genus, of a greenish- yellow colour. Leaflets 5. Great-flowered Virgin's Bower. Fl.Feb.May. Clt. 1823. Sh.cl. 52 C. LECHENAULTIA'NA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 151.) peduncles trifid, 3-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; leaves ternate, silky ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, 5-nerved, serrated. 1; . w. S. Native of Java. Sepals oblong, acute, velvety. Lechenaidt's Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 53 NORONHIA'NA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 151.) peduncles 1 -3-flowered, shorter than the leaves; leaves ternate, hairy; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved, serrated. Tj . w. S. Native of Java. Trigula trifoliata, Noronha icon. ined. in Juss. lib. Flowers yellowish, with villous anthers and white styles. Noronha '* Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. FIG. 54 C. MAURITIA'NA (Lam. diet. 2. p. 42.) peduncles trifid ; leaves ternate, smooth ; leaf- lets ovate, acuminated, coarsely-serrated. T; . ^,. S. Native of the Mauritius and Madagas- car. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 2. C. triflora, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 74. C. Son- neratii, Pers. ench. 2. p. 99. Flowers hermaphro- dite. The recent herb is very acrid, and is used in Madagascar in place of Cantharides, hence Commerson has named it in his herbarium C. furialis and C. urentissima. (f. 3.) Mauritian Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 55 C. SUBTRILOBA (N.E. herb. Lamb.) stems furrowed, young ones villous as well as the petioles and peduncles ; peduncles trifid, 3-flowered ; leaves ternate ; leaflets 5-nerved, broad ovate, 3-lobed acute, lateral lobes small ; carpels with long bearded tails. Tj . ,_,. G. Native of Mexico. Flowers white. The subtrilobed-\ea\ed. Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 56 C. HAVANE'NSIS (H. B. and Kunth nov. gen. et spec, amer. 5. p. 38.) peduncles 1-3-flowered; leaves ternate, silky- pubescent underneath ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, grossly-ser- rated, fj . w. S. Native of Cuba, about Havanna. Pericarps pubescent. Havanna Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 57 C. TRILOBA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 3.) leaves trifoliate, smooth ; leaflets stalked, 3-lobed, pointed ; peduncles trifid, each furnished with two bracteas. ^ . w. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Cis Platine. Flowers greenish-white. Var. ft, Guaranitica (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaflets narrower, usually 2-lobed, much shorter than the peduncles ; pedicels pubescent ; flowers sometimes panicled. Three-lobed leaved Virgin's Bower. Fl. Nov. Dec. Shrub cl. 58 C. JAVA'NA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 152.) pedicels 1-3-flower- ed ; leaves ternate or biternate, pubescent ; leaflets ovate-lanceo- late, acuminated, entire or trifid, a little toothed. Tj . w. S. Native of Java. Flowers small, probably white. Sepals oblong, spreading, with velvety margins, a little longer than the stamens. Java Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 59 C. DAHU'RICA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 99.) peduncles in threes, one-flowered ; leaves ternate, smooth ; leaflets ovate, quite entire, mucronate, oblique at the base ; flowers hermaphrodite, nodding. Tj . w. H. Native of Dahuria. Flowers of an obscure purple colour, like those of C, viticella. Ovaries villous. Dahurian Virgin's Bower. Fl. Sept. Cult. 1820. Shrub cl. 60 C. PLUKENE'TII (D.C. syst. l.p. 153.) peduncles 1 -flower- ed ; leaves ternate, smooth ; leaflets elliptical or obovate, obtuse, quite entire, mucronate ; flowers dioecious, erect. Tj . w. H. Na- tive of America ? — Pluk. aim. 109. Flowers purplish, fragrant. Plukenet's Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. § 4. Peduncles solitary, \-Jlowered (f. 4.). Leaves pinnate (f. 4.), rarely ternate, 61 C. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Jacq. enum. 310. coll. 1. p. 137. icon, rar. 1. t. 104.) peduncles 1-flowered; sepals 6 or 8, very blunt ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate-linear, acuminated, en- tire, or 3-lobed ; stems erect. If. . H. Native of Siberia, Da- huria, and on the northern shore of the Adriatic Sea. Wats, dend. brit. t. 112. C. lasiantha, Fish. hort. gorenk. ex. litt. C. hexapetala, Pall. itin. 3 app. No. 96. t. 9. f. 2. ed. Gall. 8. p. 329. t. 74. f. 2. but not of Lin. Terminal leaflet always 3-lobed. Flowers white. Narrow-leavedVirg.'s Bower. Fl. My. to Sep. Clt. 1787. P. 4 ft. 62 C. SCABIOS^FOLIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 154.) peduncles 1-flowered; sepals 4, oval-oblong; leaves pinnate; leaflets 3-parted, cut, pubescent, with wedge-shaped lobes ; stem erect, velvety. 1£ . S. Native of India ? The whole plant is clothed with velvety pubescence. Leaflets 7. Flowers white ? filaments hispid at the base. Scabious-leaved Virgin's Bower. PI. 3 feet. 63. C. VILLOSA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 154.) peduncles 1-flower- ed ; sepals 4, oval-oblong ; leaves villous, pinnate ; leaflets ses- sile, oval, grossly-toothed at the apex, terminal one trifid ; stem erect, villous. Tf.. S. Native of India ? Leaflets 7. Resem- bling C. scabioscefblia. Villous Virgin's Bower. PL 3 feet? 64 C. LINEARI'LOBA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 155.) peduncles 1- flowered ; sepals very acute ; leaves smoothjpinnate ; leaflets entire or 3-partefn with linear lobes. %. H. Native of Lower Carolina. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 3. Stem striped, purplish. Leaflets 7 or 9. Flowers pale purple ; sepals downy on the margins, almost twice as long as the stamens (f. 4.) Linear-lobed leaved Virgin's Bower. Fl. May, July. Cult. 1 823. PI. 3 feet. 65 C. WALTE'RI (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 384.) peduncles 1 -flowered ; sepals elliptical ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets divaricating linear-lanceolate acute, quite entire, glaucous underneath. If.. H. Native of Carolina. Leaflets 7. Flowers white. Walter's Virgin's Bower. PI. 2 feet. 66 C. DivERsirbLiA (D. C. syst. l.p. 155.) peduncles 1-flower- ed ; sepals very acute, spreading ; leaves smooth, sometimes entire, sometimes 3-lobed or ternate ; leaflets lanceolate, acute, lateral one sessile, terminal one stalked, i? . w. H. Native of? Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 4. Flower large, erect, purple. Anthers and filaments villous. Various-leaved Virgin's Bower. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. ? Sh. cl. 8 RANUNCULACEjE. I. CLEMATIS. 67 C. CAMPE'STRIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 4.) stem 4-sided; peduncles axillary, solitary, terminal ones in threes ; leaves ter- nate or pinnate, pubescent ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acute ; sepals spreading, villous. I? . w. S. Native of Brasil, in the province of St. Paul, at the mouth of the river Yapa. Flowers greenish-yellow. Leaflets 3 to 7. Field Virgin's Bower. Fl. July. Shrub cl. 68 C. VIORNA (Lin. spec. 765.) peduncles 1 -flowered; sepals connivent, thick, acuminated, reflexed at the apex ; leaves smooth, pinnate; leaflets entire, 3-lobed, or ternate, ovate, acute, floral ones entire. J? . ,_,. H. Native of North America, in hedges and copses, from Virginia to Carolina. Jacq. fil. eel. 1. p. 50. t. 32— Dill. elth. 144.. t. 118. f. 144. Leaflets 5 or 7. Flowers purple, large, drooping, yellow inside. Herb very acrid. American Traveller's Joy. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1730. Sh. cl. 69 C. DOUGLA'SII (Hook fl. bor. amer. 1. t. 1.) stem erect simple 1 -flowered ; flower drooping; leaves pilose, pinnate; leaflets twice pinnatified ; lobes linear, bluntish. !£ . H. Native of North America on the Rocky Mountains near the sources of the Columbia river. Flowers purple about the size of those C. viorna. Leaves almost as fine as those of Pceonia tenuifblia. Douglas's Virgin's Bower. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PI. 1| ft. 70 C. CYLI'NDRICA (Sims, in bot. mag. t. 1160.) peduncles 1 -flowered; sepals thin, acuminated, reflexed at the apex, with wavy margins ; leaves slender, pinnate ; leaflets stalked, ovate, or oblong ; middle one sometimes trifid ; floral ones entire. 11- H. Native of Virginia and Carolina. C. crispa, Lam. diet. 2. p. 44. C. Viorna, Andr. bot. rep. t. 71. not of Lin. C. divaricata Jacq. fil. eel. t. 33. Leaflets 5 — 7 entire. Flowers large, of a pale purplish blue, drooping. Cylindrical-dowered Virgin's Bower. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1802. PL 1 to 3 feet. 71 C. SI'MSII (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 1.) peduncles 1 -flowered ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets cordate, acuminated, entire, ciliated, reticulated ; sepals 4, coriaceous, connivent, lanceolate, reflexed at the apex, curled. Tj . ^. H. Native of South Carolina and Georgia. C. cordata Sims, bot. mag. 1816. but not of others. Flowers lilac. An intermediate species between C. crispa and C. viorna. Sims's Virgin's Bower. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1812. Sh. cl. 72 C. RETICULA'TA (Walt. fl. carol. 156.) peduncles 1-flow- ered ; sepals connivent ; leaves coriaceous, netted with nerves, smooth, pinnate ; leaflets stalked, 3-lobed or entir% ovate. 1? . ^,. H. Native of Georgia and Carolina. Wats. dend. brit. t. 72. C. rosea, Abbot insect, amer. icon. t. 101. Stem pur- plish. Flowers resembling C. viorna, of a pale purplish red. Netted-leaved Virgin's Bower. Fl. Jun. July. Clt. 1812. Sh.cl. 73 C.JAPONICA (Thunb. fl. jap. 240.) peduncles 1-flowered; sepals connivent ; leaves villous, ternate ; leaflets elliptical, acu- minated, serrated at the apex. T? . w. H. Native of Japan. Stem purplish. Leaves ternately decompound. Peduncles length of leaves. Flowers purple. Japan Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 74 C. COMOSA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 157.) peduncles 1-flowered; leaves ternate, velvety ; leaflets oval-oblong, acuminated, 3-nerv- ed, entire. T? . w. S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers un- known. Pericarps ovate, somewhat compressed. Tufted Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 75 C. TRI'LOBA (Roth. nov. pi. spec. 251.) peduncles 1-flow- ered, somewhat corymbose ; stem and petioles downy ; leaves pubescent, lower ones ovate, acuminated, middle ones 3-lobed, upper ones ternate; sepals oblong-lanceolate, mucronate, silky on the outside. J? . ^. S. Native of the East Indies. Three-lobed leaved Virgin's Bower. Shrub, cl. 76 C. CLITORIOI'DES (D. C. syst. 1. p. 158.) peduncles 1-flowered, axillary twisted; leaves smooth, pinnate; leaflets oblong, acute, quite entire. T? . w. G. Native of New Holland about Port Jackson. Resembling a species of Clitoria or Ken- nedia. Leaflets 3 or 5. Flowers whitish. Clitoria-like Virgin's Bower. Fl. July. Clt. 1824. Sh. cl. §5. Peduncles usually solitary, 1 -flowered. Leaves undivided. Stems herbaceous, erect. 77 C. INTEGRIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 767.) peduncles 1-flowered ; flower nodding ; leaves entire, ovate-lanceolate, smooth. ^.H. Native of Hungary, Carniola, Tartary, Siberia, Austria, and the Pyrenees. Jacq. fl.aust. t. 363. Tratt. tab. 4. t. 179. Curt. bot. mag. t. 65. — Clus. hist. 1. p. 123. f. 2. C. nutans, Crantz. C. inclinata, Scop. Peduncles terminal, very rarely rising from the fork of the stem. Sepals blue, coriaceous ; younger ones with villous edges, adult ones with wavy edges. The two upper leaves are concave and connivent before flowering ; hence they inclose the flower as if it were in a bladder. Var. ft, angustifblia (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 8.) leaves very narrow, acuminated, 3 or 5-nerved ; sepals rather unequal, somewhat longer than the stamens. Var. y, elongata (D. C. prod. 1. p. 8.) flowers almost erect ; leaves acuminated, rather hairy. C. elongata, Tratt. tab. 4. t. 178. Native of Siberia. Entire-leaved Virgin's Bower. Fl. Jun. Aug. Clt. 1596. PI. 2ft. 78 C. OCHROLEU'CA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. ii. p. 260.)pedun- cles 1-flowered ; flower erectish ; leaves entire, ovate: younger ones silky. 1(..H. Native of North America, on the banks of rivers, in Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1175. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 661. Tratt. arch. 2. t. 64. C. seri- cea, Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 319. Resembles C.integrifblia but differs in the leaves being oval or ovate, blunt, and in the flower being a little smaller, erect, or a little inclined but not nod- ding, cream-coloured, and yellow on the inside. Cream-coloured-flowered Virgin's Bower. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1767. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 79 C. OVA'TA (Pursh fl. amer. Sept. 2. p. 736.) peduncles 1-flowered ; flower erect ; leaves ovate, acute, smooth, netted with veins, lower ones rather cordate. 1£ . H. Native of South Carolina. — Pluk. mant. t. 379. f. 4 ? Resembles C. integrifolia. Pericarps with long feathery tails. Flowers blue. Ot-ate-leaved Virgin's Bower. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 80 C. GENTIANOI'DES (D. C. syst. 1. p. 159.) peduncles 1-flow- ered; flower erect, dioecious; leaves ovate, entire or toothed, smooth, 3-nerved. 7£ . G. Native of New Holland, in Mary Island, and Van Dieman's Land. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 5. Se- pals 4, oblong, thin, terminating in a small callosity. Gentian-like Virgin's Bower. PI. 1 feet. 81 C. SMILACI'NA (Blum, ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 221.) pe- duncles 1 -flowered ; leaves ovate, coriaceous, smooth, quite entire, 5-nerved. If. . S. Native of Java. Flowers? Smilax-like Virgin's Bower. PI. 2 feet ? §6. Peduncles 3 or many-floruered, panicled, axillary. Leaves undivided. Climbing shrubs. 82 C. GLANDUi6sA (Blum, ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 221.) leaves ovate, with glandular teeth, smooth, 5-nerved ; peduncles panicled, trifid ; flowers monoecious, f? . w. 8. Native of Java. Flowers purplish ? Glandular-toothed Virgin's Bower. Shrub, cl. 83 C. SUBPELTA'TA (Wall. pi. asiat. rar. No. I. p. 1 9. t. 20.) leaves ovate-cordate, smooth, acute, entire, or slightly crenulated, and slightly peltate at the base ; petioles twisted ; panicles axillary loose, equal in length to the leaves ; sepals 4 ovate obtuse, clothed with dense rusty tomentum on the outside. Tj . w. S. RANUNCULACE^E. I. CLEMATIS. 9 Native of Ava, on Mount Taong Dong. Sepals smooth, and purple inside. Subpeltate-lea\ed Virgin's Bower. Fl. Nov. Shrub cl. 84 C. SMILACIFOLIA (Wall. Asiat. Res. 13. p. 402.) leaves ovate-cordate 5-nerved, smooth, entire, panicles axillary, few- flowered, rather shorter than the leaves ; sepals 4 linear-oblong, clothed with dense rusty tomentum on the outside, spreading. Jj. w. S. Native of Nipaul. Flowers clothed with rusty to- mentum on the outside, but smooth and purple on the inside. This plant comes very near to C. subpeltata, but differs from it in the leaves being cordate at the base, never slightly peltate. Smilax-leaved Virgin's Bower. FL? Clt. 1823. Shrub cl. SECT. II. — VITICE'LLA, (from viticella, a small vine ; plants climbing like the vine.) D. C. syst. 1. p. 160. prod. 1. p. 8. Involucre wanting. Tail of pericarp short, beardless. Leaves ternate or decompound. Stems climbing. 85 C. FLORIDA (Thunb. fl. jap. 240.) peduncles 1 -flowered, longer than the leaves ; leaves ternately decompound ; leaflets ovate, acute, quite entire; sepals oval-lanceolate, much pointed. 1? . w. H. Native of Japan. Sims, bot. mag. t. 834. Andr. bot. rep. t. 402. Jacq. hort. schoen. 3. p. 57. t. 357. Atragene indica, Desf. tab. par. ed. 1. p. 123. Leaves ternate or triternate. Flowers large, spreading, pale-white. Sepals 6 or 8, oval, marked towards the margins with feathery veins. Stamens purplish. Var. ft, fibre-plena; flowers double. This is much more com- mon in our gardens than the single-flowered. Florid Virgin's Bower. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1776. Sh. cl. 86 C. VITICE'LLA (Lin. spec/ 762.) peduncles 1 -flowered, longer than the leaves ; leaves entire or ternately decompound ; lobes or leaflets entire ; sepals obovate, spreading. T; . w. H. Native of the South of Europe, in hedges and among bushes, par- ticularly in Spain, Portugal, Carniola, and Bithynia, &c. Fl. graec. t. 516. Curt. bot. mag. t. 565. Viticella deltoidea, Moench. meth. 297. Flowers large, blue, purple, or rose-coloured, .drooping. Var. ft, multiplex ; flowers double, purple, or flesh-coloured. C. pulchella, Pers. ench. 2. p. 99. — Chabr. sciagr. p. 117, with a figure. — Weinm. phyt. t. 398. f. d. Var, y, tenuifblia(D. C. syst. 1. p. 161.) leaflets oblong-lan- ceolate. C. tenuifolia Lusitanica, &c. Tourn. inst. 299. Var. S, baccata (D. C. syst. 1. c.) fruit somewhat baccate. C. baccata, Pers. ench. 2. p. 99. Vine-bower. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1569. Shrub cl. 87 C. CAMFANiFLbaA (Brot. fl. lus. 3. p. 359.) peduncles 1 -flowered, somewhat longer than the leaves ; leaves biternately decompound ; leaflets entire or 3-lobed ; sepals half spreading, dilated at the apex, wavy. Tj. w. H. Native of Portugal, in hedges, especially on the road from Coimbra to Oporto. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 987. Leaflets about 24. Flowers large, half open, of a purplish-white colour. An intermediate species between C. Viticella and C. crispa. Bell-flowered Virgin's Bower. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1810. Sh. cl. 88 C. CRI'SPA (Lin. spec. 765.) peduncles 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; leaves entire, 3-lobed or ternate, very acute ; sepals connivent at the base, but reflexed and spreading at the apex. fy . w. H. Native of Virginia and Carolina, in hedges and among bushes on the banks of rivers. Sims. bot. mag. t. 1892. Leaflets entire or 3-lobed. Flower erect, large, purple. Pericarp ending in a short awl-shaped tail. C. flore crispo, Dill, elth. 1. t. 73. f. 84. Curled-Rovrered Virgin's Bower. Fl.Jul.Sept. Clt.1726. Sh.cl. 89 C. PARVIFLORA (D. C. mem. soc. hort. gen. 1 . p. 433.) pe- duncles 1-flowered; .sepals elliptical, somewhat dilated at the apex ; leaves pinnate, with tendril-like petioles ; leaflets stalked, 3-parted or entire ; lobes oblong, mucronate, entire. ^ . ^,. H. Native of? Carpels smooth, tailless. Flowers small, white. VOL. I. Small-flowered Virgin's Bower. Fl. July. Shrub cl. SECT. III. — CHEIROPSIS, (from xc'P> cheir, the hand ; and o\l/i£, opsis, resemblance, in allusion to the form of the bracteas.) D. C. syst. 1. p. 162. prod. 1. p. 9. Involucre in the form of a calyx from two joined bracteas situated at the top of the pedun- cle just under the flower. Tails of pericarps bearded. Climb- ing or rambling shrubs, with simple or ternate leaves. 90 C. ciRRn6sA (Lin. spec. 766.) peduncles 1-flowered, with an involucre ; leaves ovate, somewhat cordate, toothed, in fasci- cles. T; . w. H. Native of the South of Europe and North of Africa, in hedges and among bushes, particularly in Spain, Ma- jorca, Sicily, Calabria, Algiers, and the Islands of the Archipelago. Smith fl. graec. t. 517. C. caespitosa, Scop. earn. ed. 2. No. 671 ? Atragene cirrhosa, Pers. euch. 2. p. 98. An elegant evergreen shrub. Flowers pale and downy on the outside, but smooth and purple on the inside, and marked with darker spots. Tendrilled Virgin's Bower. Fl. Mar. Apr. Clt. 1596. Sh.cl. 91 C.pEDicELLANTA(Sweet,hort. brit. p. 1.) peduncles 1-flower- ed, stalked within the involucre ; leaves ovate, somewhat cor- date, toothed, in fascicles. Tj . ^. H. Native of Majorca. C. cirrhosa, Sims. bot. mag. t. 1070. C. Balearica, Pers. ench. 2, p. 99, but not of Rich. C. cirrh6sa var. ft, pedicellata, D. C. syst. l.p. 163. An elegant evergreen shrub. Resembles C. cirrhosa. but differing in the flower being smaller and seated on a pedicel within the involucre, not sessile. Flowers white, hardly spotted on the inside. /Wice/ferf-flowered Virgin's Bower. Fl. Oct. Feb. Clt. 1596. Shrub cl. 92 C. POLYMOHPHA (Viv. app. fl. cors. in Schlecht. Linnsea. 1829. p. 502.) peduncles axillary, naked, 1-flowered ; flowers pendulous ; involucrum urceolate-campanulate, almost entire ; sepals ovate-oblong, clothed with silky wool on the outside. Jj . w. H. Native of Corsica. Resembles C. cirrhosa. Var. a, vera ; leaves somewhat cordate, entire, 3-lobed or 3-paried ; lobes and segments deeply serrate-crenated. Native of Corsica. Var. ft, semitriloba (Lag. cat. hort. madr. p. 17.) leaves 3-parted and ternate ; middle leaflet stalked, lateral ones sessile oblique, all unequally serrate-crenate. Native of the south of Spain and of Corsica. Branches angular, dark-purple. Var. y, lanceolata ; leaves all ternate ; leaflets lanceolate, middle 4ft stalked, lateral ones sessile. Native of Corsica. Polymorphous Virgin's Bower. Fl. April ? Shrub cl. 93 C. BALEA'RICA (Rich, in journ. phys. Feb. 1779, 127, with a figure, but not of Pers.) peduncles 1-flowered, with an invo- lucre under the flower ; leaves ternate ; leaflets stalked, 3-lobed, deeply toothed. Tj.^. H. Native of Minorca. C. calycina, Ait. hort. kew. ed.l. vol. 2. p. 259. Sims. bot. mag. t. 959. Atra- gpne Balearica, Pers. ench. 2. p. 98. A very elegant evergreen shrub. Involucre two-lobed, blunt, bell-shaped, closely girding the flower. Flowers pale, pubescent on the outside, and marked on the inside with oblong red spots. Minorca Virgin's Bower. Fl. Feb. Mar. Clt. 1783. Sh. cl. 94 C. MONTA'NA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 192.) peduncles many, 1-flowered, with an involucre under each flower ; leaves ter- nate or trifid, smooth ; leaflets oblong, acuminated, rather toothed at the base, lateral ones almost sessile, 1 -nerved, terminal one 3-nerved. ,. H. Native of Nipaul. C. montana var. _ Hamilt. MSS. C. Nepaulensis, D. C. syst. 1. p. 164. Flower a little distant from the involucre, clothed with cinereous down. Pericarps many, compressed, ovate-acuminated. Mountain Virgin's Bower. Fl. April. Shrub cl. 95 C. ANEMONIFLORA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 192.) pedun- cles many, 1-flowered, longer than the leaves, without an invo- lucre ; leaves ternate ; leaflets cuneated, elliptical, mucronate, C 10 RANUNCULACEJ:. II. ATRAGENE. III. NARAVELIA. deeply-toothed, villous ; flowers spreading, with oval membrana- ceous sepals. J? . ,_,. H. Native of Nipaul, in the vicinity of Chitlong. C. montana Hamilt. MSS. D. C. syst. 1. p. 164. Flowers white, almost like those of Anemone syhcslris. This species is perhaps sufficiently distinct to constitute a separate section, from the want of the involucrum. Anemone-flowered Virgin's Bower. Fl. April. Shrub cl. •f Species not sufficiently known, 96 C. TOURNEFORTII (B.C. syst. 1. p. 166.) C. orientalis latifolia semine brevissimis pappis donate. Tourn. Cor. 20. Tj . w. H. Native of the Levant. Tourneforfs Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 97 C ? POLYPE'TALA (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 296.) %. H. Native of Japan. Atragene polypetala, Thunb. fl. jap. 239. Stem erect, two feet high. Leaves triternate ; leaflets ovate, acute, deeply toothed, villous. Pedicels filiform, 1 -flowered, elongated. Pe- tals beyond 20, bluntish, purple on the outside, clothed with white down within. This plant would appear to be an Anemone, from the description of the flower. Many-petalled Virgin's Bower. PI. 2 feet. 98 C. CANALICULA'TA (Lag. cat. hort. madr. 17). ^ . w. H. Native of Spain, in the provinces of Murcia and Granada, in rocky and stony places. A climbing subshrub, with linear de- compound leaves and axillary three-flowered peduncles. (Lag.) Channelled-\eaveA Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 99 C. ZANZIBARE'NSIS (Loud. hort. brit. p. 228) ; leaves pin- nate, with twisted petioles ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, membra- naceous, entire or 3-lobed. tj . w. S. Native of Zanquebar. Leaflets 5, with their margins and nerves, as well as petioles, rather hairy. Zanquebar Virgin's Bower. Fl. ? Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. Cult. The species of this genus are mostly climbing shrubs of rapid growth, free flowerers, very ornamental, and some are highly odoriferous. The hardy kinds are well adapted for bowers or trellis-work, or for training up against a wall ; and they will thrive well in any common garden soil. They are readily increased by laying down the young shoots in July or October, or by seeds, which in many species ripen in abundance. The greenhouse species are very desirable for a conservatory where many climbing plants are wanted. Any light soil, or a mixture of loam and peat, will suit them well, and young cuttings will strike root freely under hand glasses. The stove kinds require the same treat- ment as the greenhouse species. The herbaceous^erennial species are increased by dividing the plants at the root early in spring. II. ATRAGE'NE (from a$pay£i'»j, a name originally given to Clematis Vitalba by Theophrastus.) Lin. gen. No. 615. Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 356. t. 74. f. 8. Schkuhr. handb. t. 150. Clematis, Sect. IV. Atragene, D. C. syst. 1. p. 165. prod. 1. p. 9. LIN. SYST. Poly&ndria Polygynia. Involucre none. Sepals 4, somewhat induplicate in the bud. Petals numerous, shorter than the sepals. Cariopsides terminated by a bearded tail. Coty- ledons approximate in the seed. Climbing shrubs with variously cut opposite leaves, possessing the same qualities as Clematis* 1 A. ALPI'NA (Lin. spec. 764.) peduncles 1-flowered, longer than the leaves ; leaves biternate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acu- minated, serrate ; petals somewhat spatulate, blunt, f? . o. H. Native of the mountains in many parts of Europe from the height of 2400 to 6000 feet, especially on a calcareous soil, in Austria, Carniola, Piedmont, South of Switzerland, Geneva, Dauphiny, and the Eastern Pyrenees. Jacq. aust. t. 241. Schkuhr. handb. t. 150; Sims. bot. mag. t. 530. A. Austriaca, Scop. earn. ed. 2. No. 666. Andr. bot. rep. t. 180. Sims. bot. mag. t. 807. A. Clematldes, Crantz. austr. 111. t. 5. Clematis alpina, Mill. diet. No. 9. D. C. syst. l.p. 165. Flowers blue, varying to white. Sepals oblong, acuminated. Petals 10 to 12, linear at the base, but dilated at the apex. Alpine Atragene. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1792. Shrub cl. 2 A. SIBI'RICA (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 343.) peduncles 1-flower- ed, almost equal in length with the leaves ; leaves biternate ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, serrated ; petals emargi- nate at the apex. J? . w. H. Native of Siberia, in woods, at the river Oby, and in the Ural mountains, and along that chain of Alps even to the Eastern Ocean. Sims. bot. mag. t. 887. A. alpina, Gmel. sib. 4. p. 194. No. 33. Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 69. t. 76. Resembles^, alpina, but differs in the leaves being some- times ternate, with narrower leaflets, and in the flowers being a little smaller, from white to yellowish, never blue, as well as in the petals being emarginate at the apex not obtuse. Siberian Atragene. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1753. Shrub cl. 3 A. OCHOTE'NSIS (Pall. ross. 2. p. 69.) peduncles 1-flow- ered ; leaves biternate ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, serrate ; petals few ; linear. Tj . w. H. Native of Siberia towards the Ochotskoi Sea, and of Kamtschatka between Ochotsk and Kamtsch. A. violacea, Pall, in herb. Lamb. C. Ochotensis, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 298. Resembles A. Sibirica. Flowers with 4 ovate- mucronate sepals, which are downy on their margins. Petals none, or sometimes with the outer stamens abortive, a little elon- gated and linear. Filaments velvety, a little shorter than the sepals. Ochotskoi Atragene. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub cl. acuminated. 4 A. AMERICA'NA (Sims. bot. mag. t. 887.) peduncles 1-flowered; leaves whorled, in fours, ternate; leaflets stalked, cordate, lanceolate, acuminated, entire, or somewhat lobed, or serrated; petals acute. fj. ,_,. H. Native of North America, in shady places, on the sides of rivulets, climbing and creep- ing among loose rocks, New York and Pennsylvania, near the foot of the Blue Mountains, and on the eastern declivity of the Rocky Mountains and at Cape Mendocina, on the North-west coast. Clematis verticillaris, D. C. syst. 1. p. 166. Resembles A. alpina. Flowers large, purplish-blue. Far. fl, obllqua (Dougl. mss.) leaflets bluntly serrated. ^ . w. H. Native on the eastern declivities of Rocky Mountains, in vallies, and at Cape Mendocina, on the western coast. American Atragene. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1797. Shrub cl. 5 A. OCCIDENT'ALIS (Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 520.) leaves op- posite, ternate ; leaflets nearly entire, shining ; sepals ovate-lan- ceolate ; flowers, somewhat bell-shaped. Jj . ^ Native of ? Clematis occidentals, D. C. prod. 1. p. 10. Western Atragene. Fl. 1 Clt. 1818. Shrub cl. Cult. The species are very shewy, and require the same treat- ment as that recommended for the hardy kinds of Clematis. FIG. 5. III. its name in Ceylon. Herm. Zeyl. 26.) D. C. syst. 1. p. 167. prod. l.p. 10. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Polygynia. Petals from 6 to 1 2, longer than the calyx (f. 5. a.) Carpels seated on a thick hollow stipe, (f. 5. b.) terminated by a long feathery tail (f. 5. c.) A climbing 'i shrub, with the habit of Clematis, but * the leaves are only furnished with two opposite many-nerved leaflets. 1 N. ZEYLA'NICA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 167.) leaves opposite, stalked; leaflets two, ovate-acuminated, on very short stalks, 5-7 nerved, quite entire, or notched with one or two teeth on each side, velvety underneath, smooth above, RANUNCULACEjE. IV. THALICTRUM. 11 drawn out at the apex into a trifid twisted tendril; (f. 5. d.) pa- nicle terminal, with trichotomous pedicels, fj . ,_,. S. Native of the East Indies. Sepals 4, caducous. Flowers yellow. Far. a Hermanni (D. C. syst. 1. p. 107.) leaves velvety- tomentose on the under surface. Native of Ceylon, in groves. A tragfine Zeylanica, Lin. Amcen. 1. p. 405. Clematis Zeylanica, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 296. Var. /3 Roxburghii (D. C. syst. 1. p. 168.) leaves velvety- pubescent on the under surface. Atragene Zeylanica, Roxb. corom. 2. p. 47. t. 188. Native of Coromandel, near a place called Samulcoath, in hedges and groves, in humid places, (f. 5.) Ceylon Narawael. Fl. summer. Clt. 1796. Shrub cl. Cult. This plant will thrive best in a mixture of loam and peat. Young cuttings planted thinly in a pot of sand will strike root, under a hand-glass in heat. (Sweet.) Tribe II. ANEMONES (plants resembling Anemone). D. C. syst. 1. p. 167. prod. 1. p. 10. Calyx and corolla imbricate in the bud (f. 4. a.) Petals none, (f. 6. b. f. 7. d.} or flat. Car- pels 1 -seeded, (f. 6. d.) indehiscent, (f. 6. c.) generally ter- minated by a tail (f. G.f.) or point (f. 6. c.) Seed pendulous (f. 6. e.) Stems herbaceous, never climbing. Leaves radical (f. 6.) or alternate (f. 7.) IV. THAL'ICTRUM (said from 0a\\w, thallo, to grow green ; from the bright colour of the young sprouts). Lin. gen. No. 697. Gsert. fruct. 1. p. 355. t. 74. Lam. ill. t. 497. D. C. syst. 1. p. 168. prod. 1. p. 11. LIN. SYST. Polydndria Polygy'nia. Involucre none. Calyx of 4 or 5 deciduous petal-like sepals. Petals none. Carpels 4 to 15, pointed not terminated by a tail, stalked or sessile, some- times furrowed longitudinally. Roots perennial, with annual stems. Flowers corymbose, panicled, and somewhat racemose, green, white, and yellow. Herbs usually fetid, with yellowish bitter roots, tonic, resembling rhubarb (especially T.Jlavum) in its cathartic qualities. The English name of this genus, Mea- dorv-Rue, is given to it on account, of the species usually growing in meadows, and their leaves resembling those of Rue. It is also called Feather-Columbine, from the feathery appearance of the panicles of flowers, and the leaves resembling those of the Columbine. SECT. I. TRIPTE'RIUM, (rpsie, treis, three, irrepov, pteron, a wing, in allusion to the three winged fruit). D. C. syst. 1. p. 169. prod. 1. p. 11. Fruit triquetrous, with winged angles, somewhat stipitate. 1 TH. AQUILEGIFOLIUM (Lin. spec. 770.) stipulas ovate, twin, at the base of the ramifications of the petiole ; panicle corymbose. Tj . H. Native of Europe, on wooded mountains, in Germany, France, Italy, Hungary, Siberia, &c. Sims. bot. mag. t. 1818. Jacq. aust. t. 318. Stem fistulous, purple, meally. Leaves tri- pinnate, with suborbicular, smooth, deeply toothed leaflets. Sepals white, fugacious. Stamens white, but usually purple. Pericarps smooth, pendulous, narrowed at the base, on long pedicels. Var. ft, atropurpureum (Murr. syst. 513. Jacq. hort. vind. 8. t. 81.) stems and stamens dark purple. Native of Austria. Far. y,formbsum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 11.) stamens dark purple, dilated at the apex. Sims. bot. mag. t. 2025. Far. S, album; stems green, stamens white. Columbine-leaved Meadow-Rue. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1731. PI. 1 to 3 feet. 2 Tn. CHELIDONN (D. C. prod. 1. p. 11.) stipulas wanting; axils of leaves gemmiferous ; flowers loosely panicled ; fruit stipitate, pendulous from the inflexed pedicel. J? . H. Native of Nipaul. Flowers large, purplish. Pistils 8. Stamens 8 to 12. Swallow-wort Meadow-Rue. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1823. PL 2 ft. 1 3 TH. CONTORTUM (Lin. spec. 770.) stipulas wanting; flowers in loose corymbose racemes ; fruit pendulous. Tj . H. Native of Siberia. Resembles Th. aquilegifolium, but dwarfer. Flowers white. Leaves glaucous, with small simple or trifid obtuse leaflets. Stem 2-edged. Fruit twisted. Twisted Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1796. PI. 1 ft. SECT. II. PHYSOCA'RPUM, (van, physa, a bladder, Kapiros, karpos a fruit). D. C. syst. 1. p. 171. prod. 1. p. 11. Fruit inflated, bladdery, stipitate. Flowers dioecious or polygamous. Leaves bi or triternate. 4 TH. CLAVA'TUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 171.) flowers monoecious, or hermaphrodite ; filaments club-shaped ; anthers elliptical awnless ; pericarps inflated, with a very short beak ; leaves smooth, without stipulas. ^ . H. Native of North America, on Portage de La Loche, a height of land, composed of sand-hills, in lat. 57°, and separating the waters flowing to Hudson's Bay, from those falling into the Arctic Sea. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 6. Leaves biternate ; leaflets roundish, membranous, glaucous un- derneath, crenate-lobed. Flowers white, erect. Pericarps 5-6, stellately spreading. CVaeate-filamented Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 5 TH. PODOCA'RPUM (H. B. et Kunth nov. gen. spec, amer. 5. p. 38.) flowers polygamous ; filaments filiform ; anthers long, with an awn at the apex ; pericarps oval-oblong, smooth, with a long awn ; leaves smooth without stipulas. 1£ . G. Na- tive of New Granada. Stem fistulous. Leaves 4-times pinnate, or 4-times ternate ; leaflets stalked, ovate-orbicular, cordate at the base, smooth, glaucous underneath ; somewhat lobed at the apex, with 3 or 4 teeth. Flowers loosely panicled. Foot-fruited Meadow-Rue. Fl. July. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 6 TH. LONGIST'YLUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 171). Flowers poly- gamous ; filaments filiform ; anthers with a long awn ; pericarps oval-oblong ; style with a long awn ; branches of petiole stipulled ; segments of leaves hairy at the nerves. "If. . F. Native of South America. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 7. Leaves 3 or 4-times ternate; leaflets ovate-orbicular, cordate at the base, grossly 3-5-toothed at the apex, or lobed, scarcely glaucescent underneath. Flowers loosely panicled. Long-styled Meadow-Rue. PL 4 or 5 feet. 7 TH. ^LTA'TUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 11.) flowers polyga- mous ; fttcarps sessile, with a long awn ; leaflets of lower leaves peltate. Tf. . F. Native of Mexico. Peltate-leaved Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, July. PL 2 feet. 8 TH. MEXICA'NUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 187). If. F. Native of Mexico. Coztipatli II. Hern. Mexic. 236 icon. Roots thick, fascicled, fibrous, of an amethyst colour, with yellow fibres. Leaves biternate ; leaflets stalked, ovate, toothletted. (Hern.) Mexican Meadow-Rue. PL 2 feet. 9 TH. RUTIDOCA'RPUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 172.) flowers poly- gamous ; filaments filiform ; pericarps ovate, somewhat com- pressed, marked with elevated branched rugosities ; leaves with- out stipulas ; leaflets hairy at the nerves. Tf. . F. Native of South America. Rugged-fruited Meadow-Rue. PL 2 feet. Sect. III. EuiHAti'cTRUM, (from tv, eu, well or good, and thalictrum ; genuine species). D. C. syst. 1. p. 172. prod. 1. p. 1 2. Fruit, ovate-oblong, striped, sessile. Leaves various, almost always free of stipulas. §1. HETEROG'AMA. Flowers dioecious or polygamous. 10 TH. CORNU'TI (Lin. spec. 768.) flower dioecious or poly- gamous ; filaments somewhat club-shaped ; anthers elliptical, or nearly linear ; leaflets roundish-abovate and oblong, 3-lobed, C 2 12 RANUNCULACE.E. IV. THALICTRUM. glaucous beneath, with the nerves hardly prominent, rather revolute at the edges ; carpels ovate oblong ; stigma filiform with membranous margins. Tj.. H. Native of North America, on banks of rivers, in woody districts, the whole breadth of the continent. Hook fl. bor. amer. 3. t. 2. Leaves bi or tripinnate. Flowers white, or in many pale-purple, panic-led. Th. revolu- tum D. C. syst. 1. p. 173. Th. Canadensis, Cornuti Canad. 186. t. 187. Var. a. revolutum ; anthers linear-oblong. Th. revolutum. D. C. syst. 1. p. 173. Var. ft. subglabrum. Var. ft, pubescens (Ph. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 388.) anthers elliptical ; leaves velvety, pubescent beneath. Th. corynellum. D. C. syst. 1. p. 172. Cornuti' s Meadow-Rue. Fl.Jul. Aug. Clt. 1806. PI. 3 to 4 ft. 1 1 TH. DIOI'CUM (Lin. spec. 768.) flowers dioecious ; filaments filiform ; leaflets roundish, cordate, smooth, bluntly crenate-lobed, glaucous beneath ; peduncles axillary, shorter than the leaves. I/ . H. Native of North America, in shady grassy places, on the banks of rivers from Canada to Virginia and elsewhere. Deless. icon. sel. 1. 6. 8. Th. laevigatum, Mich. fl. bor. amer. ]. p. 322. Plant very smooth. Leaves 3-times trifid. Leaflets stalked, glaucous underneath. Panicle branched, somewhat corymbose at apex. Flowers white. Pericarps ovate, awnless. Dioecious Meadow-Rue. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1759. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 12 TH. CAROLINIA'NUM (Bosc. ined. but not of Walt. D. C. syst. 1. p. 174.) flowers dioecious; filaments filiform; leaflets oval, 3 — 5-toothed, smooth, glaucous underneath ; peduncles axillary, longer than the leaves. If. . H. Native of North Ame- rica, from Pennsylvania to Carolina, on the banks of rivers and in swamps. Th. rugosum, Pursh fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 388, but not of Ait. hort. kew. Flowers white, in divaricating panicles. Var. ft, subpubescens (D. C. syst. 1. p. 174.) leaflets, a little hairy at the nerves on the under surface. Native of New Jersey. Carolinian Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 13 TH. PURPURA'SCENS (Lin. spec. 769.) flowers dioecious or monoecious ; filaments filiform, colored ; leaflets somewhat or- bicular, grossly toothed, glaucous underneath ; panicle contracted, almost leafless. If. . H. Native of Pennsylvania and Virginia, on dry sunny hills. — Moris, oxon. 3. p. 324. Stems purple. Leaves triternate. Panicle of female flowers erect. Ovaries 7,8. Styles long, acute. Stamens purple. Var. ft, monoicum (D. C. syst. 1. p. 174.) paniclflBr-flow- ered, female flowers at bottom, and male at top ofpanicle. Native of New England. Filaments red. Anthers long, yellow, acute. Purplish Meadow-Rue. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1699. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 14 TH. JAVA'NICUM (Blum, bijdr. Spreng. syst. append, p. 221.) Stem 4-sided, striated ; leaflets orbicular, smooth, trifid, glaucous beneath ; panicle forked, corymbose, erect ; flowers dioecious. I/ . S. Native of Java. Flowers yellow. Java Meadow- Rue. Fl. June, July. PI. 3 feet. §. 2. GENUINA, (genuinus, natural; species all hermaphro- dite.) Flowers hermaphrodite. Leaves decompound. Roots fibrous. 15 TH. FOLIOLOSUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 175.) stem round, smooth, branched ; flowers in corymbose panicles, drooping ; leaves quadripinnate ; leaflets somewhat ternate, roundish or cor- date, 3-lobed, membranous, smooth ; petioles 3-parted. I/ . H. Native of Upper Nipaul, at Suembu. Th. Dalinga, Hamilt. MSS. Flowers small, yellow. Leafy Meadow-Rue. Fl. May, July. PI. 1 ^ to 2 feet. 16 TH. SANICUUEFORME (D. C. prod. 1. p. 12.) stem round- ish, branched; flowers few, panicled; peduncles rigid, divari- eating; sepals reflex id; pericarps striated, pointed with the long inflexed style. If. . H. Native of Nipaul. Sanicula-formed Meadow-Rue. PI. 1-J- feet. 17 TH. PETALOIDEUM (Lin. spec. 770.) stem round, almost naked ; flowers corymbose ; filaments dilated at the apex ; leaf- lets smooth, ovate, obtuse, entire or 3-lobed. If. . H. Native of the mountains of Dauria, and on Mount Odon-Tchelen on the confines of China. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 9. Lodd. hot. cab. 891. Leaves ternately decompound. Sepals roundish, white. Filaments flesh-colored. Anthers yellow. Pericarps 6. 8, sessile, oblong, striated. Var. ft, stamineum (Lin. fil. suppl. 271). Petal-like-sepaUed Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1799. PI. 1| feet. 18 TH. ALP!NUM (Lin. spec. 767.) stem quite simple, almost naked, dwarf; raceme simple, terminal ; flowers nodding ; leaves smooth, shining. If.. H. Native of Kamtschatka, Newfound- land, Lapland, Greenland, Iceland, Pyrenees, &c. On most of the highest mountains in Wales and Scotland. Smith, eng. bot. t. 262. Lightf. scot. t. 13. f. 1. ; Fl. dan. t. 11. A small very smooth plant. Leaves chiefly radical, twice ternate and some- what pinnate ; leaflets wedge-shaped, dark green and shining above, glaucous beneath. Sepals whitish, acute. Anthers tawny. Alpine Meadow-Rue. Fl. May, Jul. Britain. PI. £• to \ ft. 19 TH. FOZ'TIDUM (Lin. spec. 768?) stem simple, naked at the base, leafy in the middle, panicled at top ; leaves with clammy pubescence ; leaflets obtuse, toothed. If. . H. Native of France, Switzerland, Hungary, Siberia, Russia, &c. In valleys, on hills, or in the fissures of calcareous rocks. Lam. ill. t. 497. f. 2. Waldst. and Kit. pi. hung. 2. p. 190. t. 174. Th. styloi- deum, Lin. fil. suppl. 271. Th. saxatile, Vill. dauph. 4. p. 714. Stem clammy-pubescent, covered with scales at the base instead of leaves. Petioles 3-parted. Segments of leaves twice or thrice pinnate. Leaflets orbicular, cordate, irregularly 3 to 5-lobed at the apex. Panicle erect, spreading, few-flowered. Flowers nodding. Anthers yellow. Sepals reddish on the outside. Fetid Meadow-Rue. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1640. PI. 1 ft. 20 TH. PUBE'SCENS (Schl. pi. helv. D. C. syst. 1. p. 176.) stem simple, with a few leaves, panicled at top ; leaves clammy- pubescent. If. . H. Native of Caucasus ; about Montpelier, and in Lower Vallais, on chalky rocks. Th. Cornuti, Poir. diet. 5. p. 319, exclusive of the synonymes and countries. Resembles Th. feetidum, but with the leaves scattered equally over the stem, and with the leaflets more acute. Pubescent Meadow-Rue. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1819. PI. 2 ft. 21 TH. ACUTI'LOBUM (D. C. syst. l.p. 177.) stem simple, naked at the base, leafy in the middle, and panicled at top; leaves pu- bescent, viscid ; lobes of leaflets acute. If.. H. Native of Siberia. Very like Th.ftctidnm. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 10. Ai-ute-lolvd Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. l^ft. ?2 TH. DIVE'RGENS (Link enum 584.) leaflets ovate-oblong, pubescent beneath, bluntly 3-lobed ; branches and petioles divari- cating ; panicle diverging. If. . H. Native of Siberia. Th. di- varicatum, Spreng. new entd. 1. p. 37. No. 68. Flowers yellow. Diverging-panicled Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819. PI. 2 feet. 23 TH. SCHWEIGGE'RI (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 271.) stem erect, furrowed ; leaflets ovate, cuneated, multifid and acutely toothed ; petioles with stipulas at their base ; filaments capillary, elongated ; anthers awned. I/ . H. Native of ? Flowers yellow. Schnieigger's Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, July. PI. 3 feet. 24 TH. sauARRosuM (Steph. in Willd. spe. 2. p. 1299.) stem round ; flowers panicled, drooping ; petioles stem-clasping, wing- ed. I/. H. Native of Siberia. Leaves supra-decompound; RANUNCULACE^E. IV. THALICTRUM. lateral leaflets for the most part ovate-acute, and very entire, terminal ones, as well as the superior lateral ones, trifid or bifid. Petiole with an orbicular membranous toothed wing at the base on each side. Flowers yellow. Squarrose Meadow- Rue. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1806. PL 1 ft. 25 TH. SIBIB.ICUM (Gsert. fr. 1. p. 355. t. 74.) stem round- ish ; flowers panicled, drooping ; leaflets smooth, ovate-cuneated, trifid with acute, entire, or acutely cut lobes. I/ . H. Native of Armenia and Siberia. Flowers light yellow. Plant glaucous. Siberian Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1775. PI. 1 to 3 ft. 26 TH. MINUS (Lin. spec. 769.) stem round, mealy ; flowers loosely panicled, drooping ; leaflets smooth, roundish, toothed at apex, glaucous ; pericarps acute, furrowed. I/ . H. Native al- most throughout Europe, as well as Siberia, in mountainous pastures. In Britain, in chalky pastures, especially such as are rather mountainous, or in shell sand on the sea coast. Smith, eng. hot. t. 1 1. Fl. dan. t. 732. Jacq. aust. t. 419. Stem zigzag. Leaves doubly pinnate, then ternate ; leaflets broadly cordate or wedge-shaped. Stipulas rounded. Sepals pale-purple with white edges. Anthers yellow. Lesser Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, Jul. Britain. PI. ^ to 1 ft. 27 TH. COLL!NUM (Wallr. sched. crit. 259.) stem leafy at the base, intercepted with approximate internodes ; leaves green on both surfaces, smooth, radical ones sessile, crowded ; leaflets ovate or cordate, roundish, bluntly trifid ; flowers panicled, drooping ; pericarps ovate, equally ribbed, crowned by the straight style. If. . H. Native of Saxony in fields about Halle. Th. minus, Spreng. fl. hal. 156, exclusive of the synonymes. Sepals pur- plish. Anthers yellow. Hill Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1800. PI. 1 to 1 1 ft. 28 TH. SAXA'TILE (Schl. pi. helv. D. C.syst. 1. p. 178.) stem round ; flowers panicled, erect ; leaflets smooth, roundish, toothed atapex, glaucous underneath ; pericarps acute at both ends. If. . H. Native of middle Europe in woody hills and mountain valleys, especially in Alsace, Switzerland, and the Pyrenees. Th. minus, Poll. pal. No. 522. Very like Th. minus but distinguished from it by the stem being green but purple at the base, and destitute of mealiness, as well as in the flowers being erect. Anthers yellow. Rock Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 29 TH. CALA'BRICUM (Spreng. pug. 1. p. 37. No. 67.) stem roundish, destitute of mealiness ; panicle of flowers somewhat racemose, contracted, leafless ; leaflets roundish, bluntly 3-lobed, rather glaucous underneath ; pericarps deeply furrowed, tapering to the base. If. . H. Native of Calabria on Mount Leone and of Sicily.— Moris. Hist. 1. sect. 9. to 20. f. 16.? Flowers yellow. Calab ian Meadow-Rue. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1800. PI. 2 to 3 ft. 30 TH. ELA'TUM (Murr. syst. ed. 14. p. 513.) stem roundish, destitute of mealiness ; flowers panicled, erect ; leaflets smooth, ovate, somewhat cordate, and somewhat trifid ; pericarps ob- tuse at the base. If. . H. Native of Hungary. Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 95. Intermediate between Th. saxdtile and mdjus, differing from the first in the pericarps being obtuse at the base not acute, and from the second in the flowers being erect not drooping. Flowers with white sepals and yellow anthers. Var. fl,ambiguum (Schl. pi. helv.) l/.H. Native of Switzer- land on the edges of fields in the valley called 15inn. Tall Meadow-Rue. Fl. August, Sept. Clt. 1794. PI. 5 ft. 31 TH. MA'JUS (Murr. syst. 513.) stem round, destitute of mealiness ; flowers loosely panicled, drooping ; leaflets smooth, trifid, glaucous underneath, with ovate mucronate lobes ; peri- carps obliquely rounded at the base. If. . H. Native of Switzer- land, Dauphiny, and Cevennes, on dry bushy hills. In England at Baydales, near Darlington ; also on the margin of Ulswater. Jacq. aust. t. 420. Smith, eng. bot. t. 6 1 1 . Stem purplish, angular on the upper part. Sepals purplish-green. Anthers yellow. 13 Stipulas crescent-shaped, Leaves triply pinnate then ternate. notched. Greater Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, Jul. England. PI. 3ft. 32 TH. NU'TANS (Desf. tabl. mus. ed. 1. p. 123.) stem round, destitute of mealiness, flowers loosely panicled, drooping ; leaflets 3 to 5-toothed at apex, acutely cut, glaucous beneath ; pericarps oblique and obtuse at the base. l/.H. Native of the Alps of Sa- voy. Th. acuminatum, Spreng. pug. 2. Very like Th. mdjus. Flowers yellow. Nodding Meadow-Rue. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1819. PI. 2 to 3 ft. 33 TH. ME'DIUM (Mjirr. syst. 513.) stem round, destitute of mealiness ; flowers loosely panicled, erectish ; leaflets smooth, oblong, wedge-shaped, acutely trifid, upper ones undivided, lan- ceolate. If. . H. Native of Hungary and Tauria, on hills. Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 96. Th. diffusum, Schrad. Flowers yel- lowish. Middle Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1789. PI. 2 ft. 34 TH. TRIGYNCM (Fisch. inlitt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 14.) stem furrowed, erect ; flowers very loosely panicled, erect, with 3 styles ; leaflets smooth, oval, wedge-shaped, acutely trifid, glau- cous beneath. If. . H. Native of Dahuria. Pericarps 1 to 3 oblong, striated. Flowers yellow. Three-styled Meadow-Rue. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1818. PI. 2 ft. 35 TH. CONCINNUM (Willd. enum. 584.) stem round, straight ; flowers drooping, disposed in a very ample spreading panicle ; leaflets smooth, wedge-shaped, trifid, acute, with the middle lobe usually 3-toothed. If. . H. Native of? Stem erect, purplish. Radical leaves quadriternate, cauline ones 3-parted, with the partitions bipinnate. Flowers white with yellow anthers. Neat Meadow- Rue. Fl. June, July. Clt? PI. 3 feet. 36 TH. GLAUCE'SCENS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 180.) stem round, straight ; flowers drooping, loosely panicled ; Stipulas small, at the base of the ramifications of the petioles ; leaflets smooth, 3-lobed at the apex. I/. H. Native of Russia ? Resembles Th. aquilegifoHum. Herb glaucous. Stem fistulous. Sepalf oval, purplish. Anthers yellow. Glaucescent Meadow-Rue. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1818. PI. 2 to 3ft. 37 TH. GALIOIDES (Nestl. in Pers. ench. 2. p. 101.) stem round, a little furrowed, upright ; root creeping ; panicle strict ; flowers nodding ; leaflets linear, narrow, very entire, shining, with revolute margins, ultimate one almost sessile. If, . H. Native of Alsac^fc sandy meadows. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 11. Th. angusti^^pnn. Var. ft, galioldes, D. C. fl. fr. no. 4601. Pa- nicle o^iowers resembling that of Galium v6rum. Flowers yellow. Lady's Bedstraw-l'ke Meadow-Rue. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 to 3 feet. 38 TH. ANGUSTIFOLIUM (Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 43.) stem upright, round, a little furrowed ; root fibrous ; panicle multiple, erect ; flowers erectish ; leaflets linear-lanceolate, quite entire, shining, ultimate one rather cut, remote. If.. H. Native of Ger- many and France in meadows .-Smd woods. Th. angustissimum, Crantz. austr. 2. p. 79. Stem fistulous. Flowers yellow. Narrow-leaved Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1793. PI. 3 or 4 feet. 39 TH. LU'CIDUM (Lin. spec. 770.) stem branched, round, somewhat furrowed ; panicle multiple, erect ; flowers erectish ; leaflets linear-lanceolate, entire, shining, ultimate one lobed. 11 . H. Native of France, about Paris, and Spain, in meadows. Th. medium, Poir. diet. 5. p. 316. Th. speciosum, Mill. diet, no. 2. Th. longifolium, Krok. fl. siles. 2. 1. p. 242— Pluk. aim. 363. t. 65. f. 5. An intermediate plant between Th. angus- tifolium and medium. Flowers yellow. Shming-lewed Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1739. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 40 TH. NIGRICANS (Jacq. fl. aust. 5. t. 421.) stem upright, 14- RANUNCULACEJ:. IV. THALICTRUM. branched, furrowed ; root fibrous ; panicle multiple, erect, somewhat corymbose; leaflets of radical leaves wedge-shaped, trifid, those of the stem leaves oblong-linear. I/ . H. Native of Austria, north of Italy, and south of France, on the margins of fields and on the banks of rivers in moist sandy places. — Moris, hist. 1. sect. 9. t. 20. f. 3. Th. rugdsum, Poir. diet. 5. p. 317. exclusive of the synonymes and countries. Like Th. flavum. Flowers yellow. Blackish-leaved Meadow-Rue. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1798. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 41 TH. FLA'VUM (Lin. spec. 770. var.a.) stem erect, branched, furrowed ; root fibrous ; panicle multiple, erect, somewhat co- rymbose ; leaflets wedge-shaped, trifid, acute. If. . H. Native throughout all Europe, also Siberia and about Constantinople. In Britain in wet meadows and about the banks of rivers and ditches. Smith, eng. bot. t. 367. Fl. dan. t. 939. Th. pra- tense, Lin. fl. lapp. 224. Stem hollow. Leaves doubly pin- nate, ultimately ternate. Sepals cream-coloured. Anthers yellow. Root yellow. The root dyes wool yellow, and has been formerly used to cure the jaundice, probably from its colour. An acrid herb, raising blisters on the skin ; but cattle frequently feed upon it mixed with grass. Var. ft pauperculum (D. C. fl. fr. No. 4603.) panicle few- flowered. Var. y vaginalum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 14.) sheaths of petioles expanded into auricles. Th. vaginatum. Desf. cat. hort. par. ed. 2. suppl. 274. lW/ore>-rooted Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Britain. PI. 3 to 4 ft. 42 TH. DIVARICA'TUM (Horn. hort. hafn. add. 967.) stem branched, upright, leafy, furrowed ; leaflets ternate, linear, very narrow, trifid, divaricating ; panicle diffuse (strict ?) ; flowers erect. I/ . H. Native of ? Flowers yellowish. Divaricating-leaved Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819. PL 2 feet. 43 TH. ROSMARINIFOLIUM (Nocett. in Spreng. syst. 2. p. 672.) leaves supradecompound ; leaflets lanceolate, acute, very entire, opaque above, glaucous beneath ; panicle diffuse ; flowers erect. I/ . H. Native of Italy. Flowers yellow. Rosemary-leaved Meadow-Rue. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1816. PL 2 to 3 feet. 44 TH. LASERPITIIFOLIUM (Horn, hort. hafn. suppl. p. 62.) lower leaflets cuneated, trifid, those of the cauline I^KS linear, ultimate ones 3-parted ; flowers erect. I/ . H. ^Hwe of ? Flowers yellow. Lasermort-leaved Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1810. PL 3 ft. 45 TH. THUNBE'RGII (D. C. syst. 1. p. 183.) stem erect, branched, round; panicle compound, erect; leaflets wedge- shaped, acutely trifid at the apex, glaucescent. I/ . H. Native of Japan. Resembles Th. flavum, but differing in the stem being round and smooth, not furrowed ; flowers smaller ; ovaries 3 to 5, not 10 to 15 ; stamens 10 to 12 not 24. Flowers yellow. Thunberg's Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, July. PL 3 feet. 46 TH. SIMPLEX (Lin. mant. 78.) stem erect, simple, angular; root creeping ; panicle erect, racemose, few-flowered ; leaflets linear, or lower ones oblong, acute, trifid. I/ . H. Native of France, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Switzerland, in waste mea- dows and on the banks of rivers. Fl. dan. t. 244. Th. angus- tifblium, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 722, exclusive of the synonymes. Th. tenuifolium, Swz. Flowers with green sepals and yellow stamens. Herb glaucous. Simple-stemmed Meadow-Rue. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1778. PL 1 to 2 feet 47 TH. DENSIFLORUM (H. B. and Kunth. nov. gen. et spec. amer. 5. p. 38.) stem erect, striated ; panicle compound, erect ; flowers crowded, somewhat capitate ; leaflets oval, acutely trifid or 3-toothed, glaucous and reticulately veined beneath. If. . G. Native of South America. Stem hollow. Petioles trifid ; lateral segments bearing 3 leaves, middle one pinnate. Flowers yellow. Ovaries few and sometimes perhaps wanting, as is the case in most of the American species. Dense-flowered Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, July. PL 2 to 3 ft. 48 TH. CINE'REUM (Desf. cat. hort. par. ed. 2. p. 146.) stem erect, round, striated ; panicle much branched, loose, rigid ; flowers erect ; leaflets oval, cuneated at the base, 3 to 5-toothed at the apex. I/. H. Native of ? Stem hollow, leaves tripin- nate. Flowers yellow. Ovaries 7 to 8, acute. Cinereous Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1810. PL 3 or 4 ft. 49 TH. GLAU'CUM (Desf. cat. hort. par. ed. 2. p. 146.) stem erect, round, striated, mealy ; panicle compound, erect, crowded ; leaflets ovate, rather cordate, bluntly trifid, glaucous beneath. 11 . H. Native of Spain, Portugal, Pyrenees, and Switzerland. Schrad. hort. gott. 1. p. 14. t. 8. — Moris, hist. 1. sect. 9. t. 20. f. 1. Th. speciosum, Poir. diet. 5. p. 315. Stem simple, hollow. Petioles 3-parted, with pinnate and bipinnate branches. Leaflets ovate, orbicular, 3-lobed ; lobes grossly toothed. Flowers of 4 to 5 sepals, yellow. Ovaries 4 to 6 ovate. Glaucous Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1798. PL 2 to 5 ft. 50 TH. RUGOSUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 262.) stem round, striated, green ; panicle compound, erect ; flowers crowded ; leaflets ovate, rather cordate, coarsely 3 to 5 crenate- toothed, glaucous beneath, shining above. I/ . H. Native of North America, in wet meadows, and on the banks of rivers, from Pennsylvania to Carolina. Th. crenatum, Desf. cat. hort. par. ed. 2. p. 126. Resembles Th. glaucum, but differing in the stem being green not glaucous. Flowers with white sepals and yellow anthers. Var. ft, discolor ; stem purplish ; leaflets purplish beneath ; se- pals purplish ; anther yellow. Th. discolor, Willd. enum. app. 46. Var. y, umbelliferum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 134.) stem thicker and taller, ending at the apex in long-stalked umbels. Flowers yellow. Perhaps a distinct species. Wrinkled-leaved Meadow-Rue. Fl. Jul. Clt. 1774. PL 4 to 6ft. •^Species belonging to last division but not sufficiently known. 51 TH. CYNAPIIFOLIUM (Fisch. in litt.) l/.H. Native of Siberia. Cynapium-leaved Meadow-Rue. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. PL 2 ft. 52 TH. OLIGOSPE'RMUM (Fisch. in litt.) I/ . H. Native of Siberia. Fern-seeded Meadow-Rue. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. PL 2 ft. § 3. INDIVISA, (from indivisus, undivided; because the leaves are simple). D. C. syst. 1. p. 185. prod. 1. p. 15. Flowers herma- phrodite. Leaves undivided. 53 TH. ROTUNDIFOLIUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 185.) leaves ra- dical, stalked, kidney-shaped, somewhat orbicular, broadly crenated, many-nerved. I/. H. Native of Nipaul. Th. Ba- tula, Hamilt. MSS. Th. alchemillaefolium. Wall, in litt. Root fascicled, with long black fibres. Scapes radical, bracteate, with a few one-flowered branches at the top. Sepals 5 rarely 4. Ovaries sessile, oblong, terminated by the acute stigma, collected into a globose head. Pericarps striated. Round-leaved Meadow-Rue. PL | to 1 foot. 54 TH. RANUNCULINUM (Muhl. in Willd. enum. 585.) leaves simple, 5-lobed, serrated. If. . H. Native of Carolina. Flowers corymbose, pale yellow. Crowfoot-like Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1806. PL 1 ft. § 4. GRUMOSA, (from grumosus,full of clods ; tuberous roots). D. C. syst. I. p. 186; prod. 1. p. 15. Roots grumose. Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals petal-like, longer than the stamens. 55 TH. TUBEROSUM (Lin. spec. 768.) root grumose ; flowers RANUNCULACEjE. V. TETRACTIS. VI. ANEMONE. 15 loosely corymbose ; involucre none ; bracteas sessile. If. . H. Native of Spain and the Pyrenees, in sterile stony pastures or hills.— Moris, hist. 2. p. 438, sect. 4. t. 28. f. 13. — Mill. fig. 177 to 265. f. 2. Roots like those of (Endnlhe, Leaves crowded, stalked, bi-tripinnate ; leaflets orbicular, S-lobed, smooth. Flowers white, with 5 oval blunt sepals. Ovaries 7 to 8, elon- gated, rather incurved. Var. ft, uniflora. Stem 1 -flowered. 3/.H. Native of Occitania. 7u6ero«,s-rooted Meadow-Rue. Fl. June. Clt. 1713. PI. 1 ft. 56 TH. ANEMONOIDES (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 322.) root grumose ; flowers umbellate ; leaves biternate ; leaflets cordate- roundish, 3-lobed ; floral leaves opposite or tern, stalked, biter- nate, constituting an involucre. If. . H. Native of North Ame- rica in woods, frequent from Canada to Carolina. Anemone thalictroides, Lin. spec. 763. Juss. an. du mus. 3. p. 249. t. 21. f. 2. Sims. bot. mag. t. 866. Willd. hort. berl. t. 44. Roots black. Radical leaves biternate ; leaflets somewhat cor- date, 3-toothed. Floral leaves 2-3, with stalked wedge-shaped leaflets. Flowers white, of 5 sepals. Pericarps striated. This plant has the habit of Isopyrum, flowers of Anemone, and the fruit of Thalictrum. Var. ft uniflora (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 387.) stem one- flowered. Var. y multiplex. Flowers double. A beautiful plant, com- monly cultivated in gardens. Anemone-like Meadow-Rue. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1768. PI. £ foot. •\A doubtful species. 57 TH. ? SINE'NSE ? (Lour. fl. cochin. 1. p. 423.) T? . ^ . G. Native of China. Root a white solid round tuber. Stem round, erect, suffruticose, simple, one- flowered. Flower white, termi- nal ; petals 5, round, spreading. Stamens short, polyandrous. Seeds many, minute. Leaves linear -lanceolate. Perhaps this plant is a species of Ranunculus. Chinese Meadow-Rue. PI. 1 foot. Cult. Mostly hardy perennial herbaceous free growing plants, well adapted for borders, easily increased by dividing at the root. The Th. anemonotdes thrives best in peat soil. Those natives of warm climates require protection during winter. The species belonging to the two last divisions of the last section are the most ornamental. V. TETRA'CTIS (from rerpac, tetras, by fours ; in allusion to the parts of flower.) Spreng. new entd. 3. p. 53 ; D. C. prod. 1 . p. 16. LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Tetragynia. Involucre none. Calyx of 4 blunt sepals. Petals none. Anthers oblong, seated at the base. Carpels 4, acute. A small shrub with alternate oblong entire leaves. 1 TET. CAPE'NSES (Spreng., 1. c.) fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Peduncles capillary, crowded towards the top of the branches. Flowers red. Cape Tetractis. Shrub 1 foot. Cult. This plant will grow well in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat, and young cuttings planted in a pot of sand, and placed under a bell glass, will strike root. VI. ANEMO'NE (from avepos, anemos, wind ; because the greater part of the species grow in elevated places, much exposed to the wind.) C. Bauh. pin. 173 and 177. Tourn. inst. 275 and 284. t. 147 and 148. Lin. gen. 694. Lam. ill. t. 496. Gsert. fruct. 1. p. 357. t. 74. D. C. syst. 1. p. 188. prod. 1 p. 16. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Polygynia. Involucre of 3-cut leaves distant from the flower, (f. 6. a.) Calyx of 5 to 15 petal-like coloured sepals, (f. 6. b.) Petals wanting. Perennial herbs with more or less divided leaves, (f. 6.) The recent herb is acrid, applied externally it occasions blisters, taken internally it is poi- sonous ; but nevertheless some of the species are proposed for chronic, ophthalmic and venereal diseases. SECT. I. PULSATLLAI, (from pulso to beat ; in allusion to the species growing in elevated situations much exposed to the wind.) Bauh. prin. 177. D. C. syst. 1. p. 188. prod. 1. p. 16. Ca- riopsides ending in a long bearded tail (f. 6. f.). Leaves of involucre sessile, palmately-parted into linear lobes. Flowers generally purple. 1 AN. VERNA'LIS (Lin. sp. 759.) leaves pinnate; segments cuneate-lanceolate, triiid, smoothish ; flower erect ; invo- lucre very villous ; sepals 6, straight, elliptical-oblong. If. . H. Native of Europe, on rocks and in meadows, on the highest moun- tains in the Alps, near the limits of perpetual snow, Pyrenees, Avergne, Germany, Sweden, Norway, &c. Fl. dan. t. 29. Sweet, fl. gard. 205.— Hall. helv. no. 1147. t. 21. Pulsatflla vernalis, Mill, dict.no. 3. An. sulphurea, All.ped.no. 1921. but not of Lin. Radical leaves somewhat villous or smooth. Involucre very pilose. Leaves clothed with white, sometimes yellowish hairs, especially when dry. Flower subsessile or on pedicels; sepals oblong or oboval, acute or obtuse, purple or white. Var. ft, luteus ; flowers yellow. Pulsatilla alpina, II, Dalech. lug. 851. f. 1. Pulsatilla lutea apii hortensis folio. C. Bauh. pin. 177. Var. S, autumnalis ; flowering in autumn, leaves like parsley Pulsatilla apii folia autumnalis. C. Bauh. prod. 94. Spring Pasque-flower. Fl. Ap. or S. Aug. Clt. 1752. PI. | ft. 2 AN. HAHEvRi(All. ped. no. 1922. t. 80. f. 2.) leaves pin- nate, very villous ; segments 3-parted ; lobes lobate ; lobules lanceolate-linear, acuminated ; flower erect ; sepals 6, oval-lan- ceolate. If. . H. Native of Switzerland, Alps of Valais, Pied- mont, 'Savoy, Dauphiny, and in the Eastern Pyrenees, near the limits of perpetual snow. Lodd. bot. cab. 940. The whole plant is covered with long silky hairs. Flowers large, erect, purplish inside. Holler's Pasque-flower. Fl. Ap. May. Clt. 1816. Pl.|ft. 3 AN. CE'RNUA (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 238.) leaves pinnate, villous underneath ; segments pinnatifid ; lobes cut, oblong ; flower somewhat drooping ; sepals 6, spreading, elliptical-oblong. Tf. . H. tkitive of Japan near Jedo and Nagasaki. Scapes, pe- tioles an^Beduncles clothed with downy hairs. Radical leaves from 2 VK, one half shorter than the scape. An intermediate plant between An. pulsatilla and vernalis. Flowers smaller than in An. pulsatilla, of a dark purple color. Sepals villous outside, smooth inside. Stamens 3 times shorter than the sepals. Ovaries and styles villous. Stigmas smooth, purple. Z)roo/HW-flowered Pasque-flower. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1806. PI. i foot. 4 AN. PA'TENS (Lin. spe. 759.) leaves pinnate, rising after the flower; segments 3-parted; lobes toothed at the top; flowers erect, spreading ; sepals 5-6. If. . H. Native of Siberia, in uncultivated fields of Tobolsk, and in pine-groves about Bar- naoul, Lower Lusace, and Poland, also in Silesia, and Swit- zerland. Ker. bot. reg. t. 61. — Breyn. icon. t. 61. cent. 132. t. 134. — Helw. puls. 52. t. 2, 3. Pulsatilla patens, Mill. diet. No. 4. This is a very distinct species with the flowers rising before the leaves ; but nevertheless it is found about Barnaoul flowering in the month of May, with the almost dried leaves of the preceding year. Flower in the involucre almost sessile. Fruit in the involucre on a very long peduncle. There are evi- dently several varieties of this plant, or perhaps distinct species, one with the flower composed of 6 or 8 sepals. The Siberian plant has yellow flowers ; the Swiss and German have purplish flowers ; the Polish one has them white. Var. ft, orchroleuca (D. C. prod. 1. p. 17.) leaves yellowish ; 16 RANUNCULACE^:. VI. ANEMONE. flower cream-coloured. Sims. hot. mag. ] 994. Native of the Eastern parts of Russia. (Fisch.) Spreading Pasque-flower. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1752. PI. 1 ft. 5 AN. PULSATILLA (Lin. spe. 759.) leaves pinnate ; segments many-parted ; lobes linear ; flowers rather nodding ; sepals 6, spreading. I/ . H. Native of uncultivated fields and dry hills, in exposed situations throughout Europe and Siberia, in England in dry open chalky pastures. Smith, eng. bot. 51. Fl. dan. 153.— Clus. hist. 1. p. 246. f. 1. Pusatilla vulgaris, Mill. diet, no. 1 . An. pratensis, With. brit. 498. An. collina, Sal. prod. 371. Var. ft, rubra (Lam. diet. 1. p. 163.) plant dwarf; flower erect ; sepals blunter. 11 . H. Pulsatilla rubra, Dalech. lug. 850, f. 1.— Lob. icon. 282, f. 1. Var. y, lilaclna (D. C. syst. 1. p. 192.) flowers lilac. I/ . H. Native of Switzerland. An. intermedia, Schult. obs. 101. An. longipetala, Schleich. pi. ex. helv. Var. S,Dahurica (D. C. syst. 1. p. 192. prod. 1. p. 17.) plant dwarf, very villous ; flower erect ; sepals oblong. If. . H. Native of Dahuria. Variations. Flower purple, blue, red, lilac, greenish and white, single or double from the stamens being sometimes changed into petals, and sometimes the ovaries are converted into green leaflets. Stature, from a hand to a foot high. Sepals acute, but in var. ft, obtuse. Var. ft, is distinguished by its dwarfer stature, erect very spreading red flowers, and blunter sepals. Var. y, by the peduncle and involucre being villous, flowers pale lilac with the outside very pilose. Var. S is dwarf and very villous, with the lobes of leaves short and very acute, flower erect, sepals oblong. Perhaps the two following species belong to one or other of the preceding varieties. A.Pisciensis and puriicea of Sism. agr. tosc. 223. The plant is acrid, and will easily raise blisters ; the distilled water will vomit, it cannot therefore be given with safety in dis- orders of the lungs. The juice of the petals stain paper green. Goats and sheep will eat it, but horses, cows, and swine will refuse it. Pulsatilla or common Pasque-flower. Fl. Ap. May. Britain. PI. | to 1 foot. 6 AN. PRATE'NSIS (Lin. spe. 760.) leaves pinnate ; many- parted ; lobes linear ; flower pendulous ; sepals 6, erect, re- flexed at top. I/ . H. Native of Denmark, Scani^^Russia at the river Courba, France, Germany ; in dry expos^Belds and meadows. Fl. dan. t. 611. Schk. hand. t. 150. P«kitilla ni- gricans, Stb'rck. lib. puls. with a figure. An. Pulsatilla ft, Lam. fl. fran. 3. p. 320. An. sylvestris, Vill. daup. 4. p. 726. exclu- sive of the synonymes of Gerard and Lin. An. Pusatilla, Sturm, deutsch. fl. icone ? Differing from An. Pulsatilla in the flower being smaller, pendulous not suberect, and of a deeper colour ; sepals narrower, and more acute, connivent at base, reflexed at apex. M. Storck recommends an extract or infusion of this plant in chronic affections of the eyes, and also in long standing siphilitic sores. In its recent stale the plant has scarcely any smell, but its taste is extremely acrid, and when chewed corrodes the tongue and fauces. The liquor obtained by distilling the plant with water is strongly impregnated with its virtues, and the re- maining extract is considerably active. It also appears from some experiments to contain a camphoraceous matter, which was ob- tained in the form of crystals, of an acrid taste, and very in- flammable. Var. ft, obsoleta ; flower larger, pale ; lobes of pinnula broader, awned. Sims. bot. mag. t. 186. Helw. puls.p. 65. t. ll.D.C. prod. 1. p. 17. Meadow Pasque-flower. Fl. May. Clt. 1731. PI. -| to 1 ft. 7 AN. ALBA'NA (Stev. mem. soc. nat. mosc. 3. p. 264.) leaves pinnate ; segments many-parted ; lobes oblong-linear ; flower nodding ; pedicels scarcely longer than the involucre ; sepals 6, erect, somewhat reflexed at apex. If.. H. Native on the highest mountains in Eastern Caucasus. Very like An. praten- sis, but differing from it in the flower being white or cream- coloured, not purple. White Pasque-flower. Fl. May. Clt. 1821. PI. J foot. 8 AN. DAHU'RICA (Fisch. in lit. D. C. prod. 1. p. 17.) leaves ternate with the two lateral segments sessile, unequal, 3-lobed, terminal one-stalked, 3-parted ; lobes 2 — 3-cleft, all linear and acute ; sepals 6, erect, connivent. T(. . H. Native of Dahuria, at the river Ingoda. Flower flesh-coloured, size of those of A. pratensis, but pale, and with the fruit of A. Pulsatilla. Dahurian Pasque-flower. Fl. ? Clt. 1823. PI. -J foot. 9 AN. NUTTALIA'NA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 193.) leaves 3-parted or ternate, segments cuneate, trifid, cut ; lobes linear-lanceolate, elongated ; leaves of the involucre parted into linear lobes ; flower erect ; sepals 5-6, erect, connivent. If. . H. Native of North America, in Louisiana, banks of the Mackenzie river, and valleys of the Rocky Mountains. Clematis hirsutissima. Ph. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 385. An. Ludoviciana. Nutt. gen. am. 2. p. 20. in Journ. acad. sc. phil. vol. 5. p. 158. t. 8. A. patens Hook fl. bor. amer. p. 4. A very distinct species, with the habit almost of An. Pulsatilla. Radical leaves ternate, not pin- nate. Flower purple, sometimes cream-coloured, erect, villous outside as well as the base of scapes and the leaves of the invo- lucre. Fruit like those of An. Pulsatilla, The young flower- buds are eaten by the marmots. Hooker considers this identical with An. patens, but they are evidently very distinct plants. Nuttall's Pasque-flower. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 ft. 10 A. FLAVE'SCENS (Zucc. in fl. d. Gaz. bot. ratisb. 1826. p. 369.) leaves rising after the flower, ternate, segments many-part- ed, lobes cut, linear ; flower erectly-spreading. I/ . H. Native of Siberia, frequent about Omsk. Flowers yellowish. Yellon>ish-&ov;ete(!i Pasque-flower. PI. ^ foot. SECT. II. FREONA'NTHUS, (from irpijov, preon, the top of a mountain ; avSoe, anthos, a flower; habitat.) D. C. syst. 1. p. 193. prod. 1. p. 17. Cariopsides ending in long bearded tails (f. 6./.). Leaves of involucre ternate, stalked. Flowers yellow or white. 11 AN. ALPINA (Lin. spe. 760.) leaves biternate ; segments pinnate and deeply serrated ; involucre of the same form ; flower erect ; sepals 6, spreading. I/ . H. Native of sloping pastures and stony places of mountains in Middle Europe, Pyrenees, Cevennes, Auvergne, and Switzerland ; North America, on the eastern decli- vities of the Rocky Mountains, &c. Crantz. aust. 2. p. 105. t. 3. f. 2. A very variable species, as will be seen by the following varieties. The transition between the extreme varieties are scarcely discernible, not less so in the gardens than in the moun- tains where they are gathered. Flowers sometimes the size of A. coronaria, but seldom so small as A. nemerosa. Colour sometimes white, sometimes white with the back purple, some- times cream, yellowish or yellow with their backs paler. Sepals elliptical, rarely ovate. Leaves sometimes smooth, sometimes sparingly pilose, sometimes clothed with long crowded silky hairs ; rising. before or with the flowers, rarely afterwards. Stature variable, 1 to 2 feet, but when growing on the tops of the Alps, scarcely a hand high. Var. a, major (Lam. diet. 1. p. 165.) flowers large, white, rather purplish on the outside ; sepals elliptical ; leaves smoothish or a little villous, expanding before the flower. Sims. bot. mag. t. 2007. An. alpina, Vill. daup. 4. p. 726. An. apiifolia, Hop. herb. val. D. C. fl. pan. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 881. Flore pleno, double-flowered variety. An. alpina. var. y, Lap. abr. pyr. 308. Var. ft, millefoliata (D. C. prod. 1. p. 17. Bert, amcen. 374.) flowers large, white, purplish outside ; sepals elliptical ; leaves rising before the flowers ; segments lanceolate acute, RANUNCULACEjE. VI. ANEMONE. 17 Far. y, micrdntha (D. C. prod. 1. p. 17.) flowers small, white, outside purplish ; sepals elliptical ; leaves smoothish, expanding before the flower. An. alpina, Jacq. fl. aust. t. 85. An. Balden- sis, Lam. diet. 1. p. 614, but not of Lin. An. alpina, a Willd. sp. 2. p. 1275. ft fl. fr.ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 881. Var. S,Jlavescens (D. C. prod. 1. p. 17.) flowers large, yellow, outside paler ; sepals elliptical ; leaves sparingly villous, expanding before the flower. An. apiifolia, Scop. earn. No. 663. Jacq. misc. 2. p. 47. t. 4. An. myrrhidifolia /3, Vill. dauph. 4. p. 727. Var. t, nivalis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 18.) flowers middle sized, outside purplish ; sepals elliptical ; leaves very villous, expanding with the flower and after it ; scape dwarf. Var. £, intermedia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 18.) flowers large, yellow, outside paler ; sepals elliptical ; leaves very villous, springing up with the flower or before it. Far. TI, sulphured, (D. C. prod. 1. p. 18.) flowers middle sized, outside rather paler ; sepals ovate ; leaves very villous, rising with or before the flower. Native also of North America, on the eastern declivities of the Rocky Mountains. (Hook.) An. sulphurea, Lin. mant. 78. An. apiifolia, Willd. spec. 2. p. 126. Flowers white, with a purplish tinge at the base. Alpine Wind-flower. Fl.July. Clt. 1658. PI. -* foot. 12 AN. INTEGRIFOLIA ; plant densely clothed with villi ; root woody, fusiform ; leaves all radical, ovate, entire ; petiole rather broad very villous at the base ; scape much shorter than the leaves; involucrum wanting; sepals numerous about 15, linear, villous on the back thrice as long as the stamens. If. . F. Native of Peru on the Andes. Flower solitary, large, purple. This very remarkable plant will perhaps form a distinct genus with the Hepatica integrifolia of D. C. from the want of the involucrum. Entire-leaved Wind-flower. PI. ^ foot; SECT. III. PDLSATILLOIDES (from Pulsatilla and ciSoe, eidos, re- semblance ; plants resembling Pulsatillas, which see.) D. C. syst. 1. p. 195. prod. l.p. 18. Cariopsides very hairy. Calyx of 15 — 20-sepals. Leaves of involucre 2 or 3, sessile, cut at the top. 13 AN.CAPE'NSis(Lin. sp. 764.) leaves biternate, stiff", smooth, segments wedge-shaped, toothed at top. Ij. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in stony places on the declivities of moun- tains. Atragene Capensis, Lin. spe. 764. Andr. hot. rep. t. 9. Sims, bot. mag. t. 716. Clematis Capensis, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 296. Pulsatilla Africana, Herm. Root black. Leaves coriaceous, smooth, young ones somewhat villous. Sepals 13 — 18, oblong, bluntish, silky-villous on the outside and at the margins, smooth, purplish inside. Stanlens 20 — 25, outer ones shortest. Ovaries 10 — 15, oblong. Styles short, smooth. Fruit unknown. Cape Wind-flower. Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1795. PI. | foot. 14 AN. TENUIFOLIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 196.) leaves triternate, stiff, smooth; segments pinnate-parted; lobes linear-filiform, acute, entire. 7/. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Atragene tenuifolia, Lin. fil. suppl. 270. Willd. spe. 2. p. 1286. Atragene tenuis, Thunb. fl. jap. 239. Clematis tenuifolia, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 298. Leaves of Knowltonia daucifolia. Flowers of Anemone Capensis. Lower leaves almost radical, stalked. Stem erect, somewhat flexuous, terete, villous. Leaflets of involucre oblong, erect, acute, villous. Flowers one-half smaller than those of An. Capensis. Sepals 7 — 9, oblong, obtuse, silky outside. Styles smooth, short. Thin-leaved Wind-flower. PI. 1 foot. SECT. IV. ANEMONA'NTHE A, (from avisos anemos, avSos anthos, a flower ; that is to say, the true wind-flower. See Anemone. ) D. C. syst. 1. p. 196. prod. 1. p. 18. Cariopsides tailless, (f. 6. c.) egg-shaped. Pedicels solitary, or in pairs, all leafless and 1 -flowered. Leaflets of involucre sessile (f. 6. a.) or stalked. VOL. i. — PART I. § 1. Leaves of involucre sessile (f. .6. a.} Trunk of root egg- shaped tuberous, (f. &.) 15 AN. CORONA'RIA (Lin. spe. 760.) leaves ternate ; seg- ments multifid ; lobules linear, mucronated ; leaves of the involu- crum sessile, multifid: sepals 6, oval, approximate. I/. H. Native of sub-humid pastures in the south of France, Montpelier, Provence, Nice ; Italy, about Rome, &c. ; Greece, Archipelago, Aleppo ; Troas, at the tomb of Ajax (E. D. Clarke). Lam. illus. about t. 496. f. 1. Sims, bot. mag. 841. Fl. grsec. 514. An. hortensis ect. Weinm. Phyt. 1. p. 50 and 51, t. 119 to 128. An. cenanthe Ucria in Roem. arch. 1. A. p. 69. The varieties of this species are very common and graceful ornaments in gardens. Leaves finely or broadly dissected. Flowers purple, blue, violet, lilac, yellowish, white, or varie- gated, single or double ; sepals oval or orbicular. See Weinm. figures cited above. Anemone coronaria is a well known florist flower, valued for its hardy nature, and also because it will flower at almost any season, according to the time the roots are kept out of the ground, and the season when they are replanted. Many new varieties have been raised from seed, but they are not named by florists, as in the case of Tulips and Pinks. The prevailing colours are red, white, and blue ; and semi-double flowers are in nearly as much repute as double ones. A root which has remained in the ground two or three years will attain a great breadth. They are increased by dividing the roots. The soil preferred by the Ane- mone is a fresh loam rather heavy than light. The usual time of planting is in October, covering the roots three inches ; but to have earlier bloom, they may be planted in the beginning of Sep- tember, and to have bloom every month in the year, plant every month. The finer sorts require protection from violent storms and excessive light and heat ; but many varieties do exceedingly well in borders. A very severe winter will destroy the roots if the surface is not mulched, but the Anemone is considerably hardier than the garden Ranunculus. In order to obtain new varieties, seeds should be saved from fine single or semi-double kinds ; and sown in shallow pots, or boxes filled with light rich earth, in August, covering them a quarter of an inch thick with the same kind of earth, and when the plants rise, care should be taken to protect them from the frost. InAjhe following season, when their leaves begin to decay, they shoujbe taken up and dried, and afterwards planted out in borders in the same manner as the old roots ; and in the follow- ing summer they will produce flowers. Garland or Garden Wind-flower. Fl.Ap.My. Clt.1596. Pl.|ft. 16 AN. PUSILLA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 19 7.) leaves ternate ; seg- ments multifid ; lobules linear, mucronated ; leaves of involucrum sessile, cut at top : sepals 6, oblong, distant. If. . H. Native of the island of Cyprus. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 12. Root tuber- ous, the size of a nut. Flower erect, pale purple. Sepals 6, rarely 4-5. Carpels woolly, disposed into an oval-oblong head. Very near An. Coronaria, and perhaps only a variety of it. Small Wind-flower. Fl. ? PL | foot. 17 AN. PAVONINA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 197.) leaves 3-parted ; lobes cuneated, deeply toothed ; leaves of the involucrum sessile, oblong, entire, or somewhat toothed; sepals 10-12, lanceolate, very acute. I/ . H. Native of Gascony, in vineyards near the river Adour ; in Provence ; about Olbia, and Nice. Flower- ing in the summer. — Clus. hist. 1. p. 261, 262. f. 1. and 2. Mor. oxon. sect. 4. t. 35. f. 1. Very rarely seen with single flowers, but the double variety is to be found common enough in gardens under the names of An. CEil de Paon, An. Candiote, An. de Crete, &c. Easily distinguished from An. Coronaria by its very acute sepals. Flowers variable in colour. Far. ft,fulgens(D. C. prod. 1. p. 18.) leaves tri-parted ; lobes 18 RANUNCULACE^E. VI. ANEMONE. cuneated, deeply toothed ; leaves of the involucrum sessile, oblong, entire, or a little toothed ; sepals oblanceolate, broadest at apex, tapering to the base. An. fulgens, Gay. ined, An. hortensis, Thor. chl. land, 238 ; An. pavonina, Lois. not. 87. Flowers larger than in var. a. Peacock Wind-flower. Fl. April. May. Clt. ? PI. 1 foot. 18 AN. STELIA'TA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 166.) leaves 3-parted ; lobes cuneated, deeply toothed ; leaves of the involucrum sessile, oblong, entire, or a little toothed ; sepals 10, 12, oblong bluntish. If. . H. Native of Germany, France, Switzerland, Italy, Rome, and the Levant, in hedges and bushy places. Flowering in winter and summer. An. hortensis, Lin. spe. 761. Curt. bot. mag. 123. Fl. grsec. 515. An. versicolor, Sal. prod. 371. Sepals narrow, oblong, or broad oval, but always blunt. Flowers purple, or rose, or whitish, never truly yellow. Starry Wind-flower. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1597. PI. | ft. 19 AN. KALMA'TA (Lin. spe. 758.) leaves cordate, suborbi- cular, bluntly 3-5-lobed, toothed ; leaves of the involucrum sessile, trifid; sepals 10-12, oblong, obtuse. If.. H. Native of humid and uncultivated places about Algiers ; Portugal, at the Tagus, &c.; Spain, near Madrid and Valencia; Provence, near Olbia. Andr. bot. rep. 172. Ker. bot. reg. 200. Involucrum 1 very rarely 2-flowered. Differing from An. stellata at first sight by its yellow flowers. Var. fi,jlore pleno (Clus.hist. 1. p. 249. f. 1.) flowers double. Pulmated-lenved Wind- flower. Fl.My.Ju. Clt. 1597. Pl.^tolft. 20 AN. DECAPE'TALA(Lin. mant. FIG. 6. 79.) leaves 3-parted : lobes grossly toothed, or somewhat cut ; leaves of involucrum sessile, twice trifid, with linear lobes (f. 6. a.); sepals 10-12, oblong obtuse, (f. 6. 6.) I/. . G. Native of Brasil about Monte Video, and in the province of Rio Grande do Sul, near the town of St. Francisco de Paulo ; Peru and Chili in woods. An. trilobata Juss. ann. mus. 3. p. 247. t. 21. f. 3., An. macrorrhiza, Domb. herb. Scapes naked. Flower solitary, white, blue- ish on the outside. Ten-petalled Wind-flower. Fl. May. PI. i foot. 21 AN. CAROLINIA'NA (Walt. fl. car. 157.) leaves ternate, with 3-parted or cut, acutely- toothed lobes ; leaves of the involucrum trifid, with cut lobes; sepals 10-12, linear. 2/ . H. Native of Carolina, and on the banks of the river Missouri. A. tenella, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 386. Scape 1-flowered. Involu- crum 3-leaved. Flower on a long pedicel ; sepals small, purplish, pubescent on the outside. Fruit woolly, mucronate. A very slender and delicate plant. Carolinian Wind-flower. Fl. May, Jun. Clt. 1824. PI. £ ft. 22 Att. TRITERNA'TA (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 74. t. 65.) leaves triter- nate : segments 3-toothed ; leaves of the involucrum sessile, cleft into many setaceous lobes; sepals 10-12, oblong, obtuse. I/. G. Native of Brasil about Monte Video, and at the mouth of the river Plate, as well as on the mountains called Cerro-Aspro, and of Peru. Anemone, Lam. illust. t. 496. f. 3. ; An. fumariae- folia, Juss. ann. mus. 3. p. 247. t. 20. f. 2. Root and habit that of An. decapetala. Flowers white. Fruit woolly, disposed into an oblong head. St. Hil. fl. bras. p. 5. Triternale-\enved Wind-flower. Fl. Oct. Nov. PI. 1 foot. 23 AN. BIFLORA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 201.) leaves ternate; seg- ments divided into linear blunt cut lobes ; leaves of the invo- lucrum 2, sessile, many-parted ; pedicels in pairs, one of them bearing a two-leaved involucel. If. . H. Native of the Levant. Scape round length of petioles. Flower somewhat drooping, yellow, of 5 oval, oblong, obtuse sepals, which are pubescent out- side, and a little longer than those of An. ranunculoldes. Stamens few in the flower with two involucrums, but numerous in the flower with one involucrum. Ovaries many in the first. Two-flowered Wind-flower. PI. \ foot. 24 AN. FORMOSA (Clark, ex Spreng. neu. entd. 3. p. 201.) radical leaves thick, 3-parted, roundish fan-shaped, somewhat S-lobed, acutely toothed ; leaves of involucrum 3, 3-parted : segments lanceolate ; sepals broadly ovate. If. . H. Native of Asia Minor. A. biflora var. ft, trifoliata, D. C. prod. 1. p. 19. Petioles and Scapes much shorter than in An. bijlbra. Flowers on long pedicels, white or purplish. Carpels woolly, few. Shervy Wind-flower. PI. -| foot. § 2. Leaflets of invalucrum stalked. Trunk of roots ess- 0 */ J •/ CO shaped tuberous. 25 AN. APENNI'NA (Lin. spe. 762.) leaves triternate ; seg- ments lanceolate, deeply- toothed, acute ; leaves of the involu- crum stalked, trifid, deeply cut; sepals 12-14, oblong, obtuse. If. . H. Native of England in Wimbledon park ; also near Harrow ; near Lutonhoe, Bedfordshire ; Berkhampstead, Herts ; near Brussels ; in Provence ; Apennines, Italy ; and on the mountains of Caucasus. Hook. fl. lond. 6. t. 35. Smith, fl. graec. 581. eng. bot. 1062. Flower erect, blue. Roots black. Var. ft, ranunculus nemorbsus, fyc, Jl. dlbo. Tourn. cor. 20. Flowers white. Var. y, parvula (D. C. prod. 1. p. 19.) leaves almost sessile ; flowers blue. Native of Caucasus. Apennine Wind-flower. Fl. Mar. Apr. England. PI. -| ft. § 3. Leaflets of Involucrum stalked. Trunk of roots cylindri- cal, slender and elongated, but can scarcely be called tuberous, 26 AN. C^RU'LEA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 163.) leaves of the in- volucrum, 3-5-cleft on short stalks, with deeply-toothed segments ; sepals 4-5, oval. If. • H. Native of Siberia about Zmeof. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 14. Flowers blue or white. Stems 1 or 2-flowered. Blue Wind-flower. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1826. PI. | foot. 27 AN. URALE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 19.) leaves of involu- crum on short stalks, ternate ; segments linear, deeply- toothed ; sepals 5-6, oval-oblong. 7/ . H. Native of the Ural mountains. Plant small, almost the habit and size of An. ccerulea. Flowers tinged with blue. Ural Wind-flower. Fl. May. Clt. 1 824. PI. | foot. 28 AN. BALDE'NSIS (Lin. mant. 78.) leaves biternate; seg- ments many-parted ; lobes linear ; leaves of the involucrum on short stalks, multifid; sepals 8-10, oblong-oval. If. . H. Na- tive on Mount Baldo, Alps of Austria, Tyrol, Carniola, Switzer- land, Piedmont, Dauphiny, Provence, and, according to Hooker, in North America in arid places on the eastern summits of the Rocky Mountains. All. ped. No. 1928. t. 44. f. 3. and t. 67. f. 2. ; Vill. dauph. 3. p. 723 t. 49 ; An. alpina, Scop. earn. ed. 2. No. 662. t. 26, not of Lin. An. fragifera, Murr. syst. 510 ; Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 103. Scape woolly, ascending or erect, 1- flowered. Flowers white, clothed with pressed hairs on the out- side, and reddish, tinged with blue. Root fusiform. (Hook.) Hooker considers this and the two preceding to be identical. Moimt-Baldo Wind-flower. Fl. May. Clt. 1798. PI. J ft. 29 AN. PARVIFL6RA (Mich. ifl. bor. amer. 1. p. 319.) leaves 3-parted ; lobes cuneated, trifid, and crenate at the apex ; leaves of the involucrum sessile, 3-parted, with the lobes toothed at the apex ; sepals 6, oval-oblong. If. . H. Native of North Ame- rica at the mouths of the rivers and rivulets falling into Hudson's Bay ; from the Rocky Mountains to the Arctic sea in limestone tracts and barren grounds ; Labrador, and Newfoundland. An. RANUNCULACE^:. VI. ANEMONE. 19 cuneifolia, Juss. ann. mus. 8. p. 248, t. 21. f. 1. An. tenella, Banks, herb. A. borealis, Richards, in Frankl. 1st. journ. ed. 2. p. 22. Flowers small, white ; sepals clothed with pressed hairs on the outside. Fruit woolly, acuminated, collected into a globose head. Like An. decapetala and palinata. Small-flowered Wind-flower. Fl. Apr. Ju. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 ft. 30 AN. NEMOROSA (Lin. spe. 762.) leaves ternate ; segments trifid, deeply-toothed, lanceolate acute ; leaves of involucrum stalked ; sepals 6, elliptical. If. . H. Native throughout Europe in groves, hedges, hills, bushy and shady places. North America, from Canada to Carolina. Fl. dan. t. 549 ; Smith eng. bot. 353 ; Schkuhr. handb. t. 150. Colour of flower commonly white, some- times red, lilac, purple or blue, never yellow. Flowers single or double. Leaves of involucrum in threes or fives, with parted segments. In fine clear weather the blossoms are expanded and face the sun ; but in the evening and wet weather they are closed and hang down. This plant is acrid and in some degree poison- ous. Goats and sheep eat it; but horses, cows, and swine refuse it. It is now disused in medicine ; but Chomel says, that the leaves bruised with the flowers, and applied twice a day to the head, have, in a little while, healed the Tinea ; and it is also said that a blister prepared of these, when recent, serves to remove intermittent fevers ; but it should be cautiously used. Var. ft, quinquefblia (Lin. spe. 769.) leaves somewhat 5-parted. Native in North America, from Canada to the south of Lake Winepeg and elsewhere, and Siberia. Hardly differing from the European plant, unless that the lateral lobes of the leaves of this plant are often profoundly 2-parted ; but this is also sometimes observed in European plants. Var. y,jlore caeruleo is evidently different from An. Apennlna by its root being elongated not tuberous ; sepals 6, elliptical not 12-15, linear, oblong. Grove or Wood Wind-flower. Fl. Mar. May. Brit. PI. £ ft. 31 A. DELTOIDEA (Dougl. mss. in Hook. fl. bor. amer. 6. t. 3. A.) radical leaves ? those of the involucrum 3, sessile ovate- acuminated, deeply-serrated, never cut : stem pilose ; sepals 5-6, obovate. If. . H. Native of North America, in thick shady woods on the Columbia river, near its confluence with the sea. Flowers large, solitary, white. Allied to An, nemorosa, but the leaves of the involucre are never divided. Deltoid-leaved. Wind-flower. PI. -| foot. 32 AN. ISOPYROIDES (Jus. ann. mus. 3. p. 249. t. 20. f. 3.) leaves biternate ; segments deeply 3-toothed, somewhat cuneated ; leaves of the involucrum stalked, ternate, with the lateral segments bifid ; middle one trifid ; sepals 5, oblong. I/ . H. Native of Siberia. Flowers 1 or 2. Sepals narrow, elongated, oblong. Very like An. nemorosa. Isopyrum-like Wind-flower. PI. \ foot. S3 AN. FISCHERIA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 20.) leaves biternate, those of the involucrum on very short stalks ; lobes elongated, acuminated ; pedicels 2, pubescent : sepals 5, elliptical. If. . H. Native of Siberia, near Salair. Flowers white, nearly the same as those of An. isopyrotdes. Carpels villous, pubescent. Fischer's Wind-flower. PL \ foot. 34 AN. LANCIFOLIA (Ph. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 386.) leaves all stalked, ternate ; segments lanceolate, crenate-toothed ; sepals 5, ovate-acute. If. . H. Native of Pennsylvania and Virginia, on high mountains in a boggy soil. Like An. trifolia ; but differing from it in the leaflets being lanceolate, not ovate-lanceolate, and crenate-toothed, not truly toothed, with the flowers a little larger. Sepals always 5, more acute. Fruit ovate. Style short, hooked. Lance-leaved Wind-flower. Fl. May.Jul. Clt. 1823. PI. i ft. 35 AN. TRIFOLIA (Lin. spe. 762.) leaves all stalked, ternate ; segments ovate-lanceolate, acute, toothed ; sepals 5, elliptical, obtuse. If. . H. Native of sub-mountainous groves in France, Piedmont, Carniola, Carinthia, Siberia. Sturn. deutsch. fl. icon. — Mor. oxon. 2. sect. 4. t. 25. f. 1. Roots horizontal, white. Scapes 1 -flowered. Flower white, erect, of 5-6-sepals. Ovaries 20 — 25, pubescent. Stamens often beyond 100 in number. Like An. nemorosa. Three-leaved Wind-flower. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1597. PI. | ft. 36 AN. MINIMA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 206.) leaves of the involu- crum stalked, 3-parted ; lobes ovate, acuminated, and serrated at the top ; sepals 5, oval-oblong, obtuse. If. . H. Native of the Allegheny mountains, Virginia. Scape 1 -flowered. Flowers small, white ; sepals smooth. Ovaries few, pubescent. Like A, trifolia, but three times smaller. Least Wind-flower. Fl. April, May. PI. ^ foot. 37 AN. COMMERSONIA'NA (Richard ex. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 662.) leaves of involucrum 2, stalked opposite, and are, as well as the rest, 3-parted, with multifid segments, all villous as well as the stem ; sepals 8. If. . F. Native of the Straits of Magellan. A. multiiida var. y, uniflora. D. C. prod. 1. p. 21. Deless. icon. sel. 1 . t. 17. Flowers yellowish. Commerson's Wind-flower. PI. -j foot. 38 AN. RANUNCULOIDES (Lin. spe. 762.) radical leaves 3-5 parted ; segments subtrifid, deeply toothed ; those of the invo- lucrum on short stalks, 3-parted, deeply toothed ; sepals 5-6 elliptical. "If, . H. Native of Middle and Northern Europe, in meadows and mountains, in hedges and groves ; England, near King's Langley, Herts ; and Wrotham, Kent ; near Abbot's Langley. Fl. dan. t. 140. Smith, eng. bot. 1484. Lodd. bot. cab. 556. An. liitea, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 318. Flowers ge- nerally solitary, seldom in pairs, single or double, usually yellow, but in the Pyrenean variety purple. Lobes of involucrum usually deeply-toothed, rarely entire. Cromfoot-like Wind-flower. Fl. Mar. Apr. England. PL | ft. 39 AN. REFLE'XA (Steph. in Willd. spec. pi. p. 1282.) leaves ternate ; segments subtrifid, toothed at apex ; those of the invo- lucrum stalked ; pedicles solitary ; sepals 6, linear obtuse, re- flexed. I/. H. Native of Siberia. Deless. icon. sel. 1. 1. 15. Flower 3-times smaller than in An. ranunculoides, yellow. /Je^werf-sepalled Wind-flower. Fl. Mar. Apr. Clt. 1 81 8. PL | ft. 40 AN. RICHARDSONII (Hook in Frank. 1st. journ. ed. 2. app. p. 21. fl. bor. amer. p. 6. t. 4. A.) plant somewhat pilose ; leaves kidney-shaped, 3-5 -parted ; lobes somewhat trifid and acutely toothed ; leaves of the involucrum roundish-cuneate, sessile, trifid and toothed ; sepals 6, spreading ; carpels compressed, smooth, terminated by a long deflexed, hooked beak. If. . H. Native of North America, in Hudson's Bay, and the Rocky Mountains, in barren and wet mossy ground, and of Unalaschka. An. ranuncu- loides var. Richards, in Frankl. 1st. journ. ed. 1. app. 740. An. Arctica Fisch. MSS. Flowers yellow. Richardson's Wind-flower. PL £ foot. §4. Leaflets of involucrum stalked. Roots fascicled, fibrous. 41 AN. SYLVE'STRIS (Lin. spe. 761.) leaves ternate or quinate, hairy beneath ; segments deeply-toothed at top ; those of the invo- lucrum stalked ; pedicel solitary ; sepals 6, elliptical ; fruit very hairy. If. . H. Native of groves and hedges in France, north of Italy, Germany, Caucasus, Siberia, on the banks of the Oby about Barnaoul. Bull. herb. t. 59. Curt. bot. mag. 54. Schkuhr. hand. t. 150. Flower large or small, of 5 or 6 sepals, white, greenish or purplish, single or double. Receptacle of fruit, globose. Var. (3, alba minor (Bauh. pin. 176.) Native of Siberia. Wild Wind-flower. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1596. PL £ ft. 42 AN. A'LBA (Juss. ann. mus. 3. p. 248. t. 20. f. 1.) leaves ternate or quinate ; segments deeply-toothed at top ; those of the involucrum stalked ; pedicel solitary ; sepals 5, obovate ; fruit very hairy. If. . H. Native of Dauria about Tschita and Barnaoul, and in fields at the river Oby, as well as in the Crimea. Sims, bot. mag. 2167. An. Ochotensis, Fisch. hort. gorenck. 47. D 2 20 RANUNCULACE^:. VI. ANEMONE. Differing from An. sylvestris by its smaller stature, as well as in having 5 not 6 -sepals shorter, rounder, and very blunt. The specimen collected in the Crimea by Dr. Clarke has its stem and petioles very villous. White-Bowered Wind-flower. Fl. June. Clt. 1820. PL | ft. SECT. V. ANEMONOSPE'RMOS, (from avepoe, anemos, the mind, and oTrcpp.a, sperma, a seed ; application the same as Pulsatilla, which see.) D. C. syst. 1. p. 208. prod. 1. p. 21. Cariopsides somewhat compressed, tailless ; pedicels numerous, rising from the involucrum, 1-flowered, one of which is leafless, the rest fur- nished with 2-leaved involucels. 43 AN. VIRGINIA'NA (Lin. spe. 761.) leaves ternate ; segments trifid, acuminated, deeply-toothed ; those of the involucrum and involucels stalked ; sepals 5, elliptical. If. . H. Native of North America, in woods and on rich banks of rivers, from Ca- nada to Carolina. Hook. fl. bor. amer. 8. t. 4. B. Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 357. t. 74. — Herm. par. p. 18. with a figure. An. hirsuta, Mocnch. meth. 105. Herb erect, tall, pubescent. Peduncles 3-4, much elongated, middle one naked, sometimes a foot high, lateral ones bearing 2-leaved involucels ; pedicels often rising in pairs from the involucel. Flowers small, pale, yellowish green, or pale purplish ; sepals silky-pubescent on the outside. Carpels compressed, woolly, collected into an oblong head. Virginian Wind-flower. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1722. PL 2 ft. 44 AN. MULTIFIDA (Poir, suppl. 1. p. 364. D. C. syst. 1. p. 209.) radical leaves ternate ; segments cuneated, 3-parted mul- tifid, with linear lobes ; those of the involucrum and involucel multifid on short petioles ; sepals 5-10, elliptical, obtuse. I/ . H. Native of the Straits of Magellan, and the Andes of Peru. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 16. Root hard, woody. Herb a hand high, erect, hairy. Peduncles 3, 1-flowered, one of which is naked and earlier, the other two longer, and bearing 2-leaved multifid invo- lucels on their middle. Flowers small, from whitish-yellow to a citron-colour ; sepals oval-oblong, villous on the outside. Style short, hooked. Multifid-leaved Wind-flower. FLJun. Jul. Clt. 1824. Pl.f ft, 45 AN. HUDSONIA'NA (Richards, in Frankl. 1st. journ. ed. 2. app. p. 22.) villous ; radical leaves ternate, with many-parted segments and linear lobes ; those of the involucrum are ternately decompound on short stalks ; peduncles 2, bearing involucels ; sepals 5-8, ovate, acutish. I/ . H. Native of North America, from Hudson's Bay to the western declivities of the Rocky Moun- tains, and several other parts of North America. An. multifida var. /3, Hudsoniana D. C. syst. 1. p. 209. prod. l.p. 21. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 17. A. multifida. Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 6. Leaves ternately divided ; segments cuneate, 3-parted, jagged ; lobes linear acute. (Hook.) Flowers, small, white, purple, yellow, or deep red. (Hook.) Var. ft, miiflora, stem 1-flowered. A. multifida far. y, uni- flora, D. C. syst. 1. p. 209. Hook, fl. bor. amer, p. 6. Var. y, sangwnea (Richards, in Frank. 1st. journ. ed. 2. app. p. 22.) flowers deep red. Native of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, from the shores of Hudson's Bay to the western declivities of the Rocky Mountains, and from the United States to near the shores of the Arctic Sea. All the varieties may be found in the last- mentioned habitats. A. multifida, var. y, sanguinea. Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 6. Hudson' s-Bay Wind-flower. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1826. PL | ft. 46 AN. PENNSYLVA'NICA (Lin. mant. 247.) plant rather pilose, leaves 3-parted ; segments bipartite or trifid ; lobes lanceolate, deeply serrated ; those of the involucrum and involucels sessile ; sepals 5, elliptical, blunt ; carpels villous, compressed, marginate, ending in a long style, which is sometimes hooked at the apex. I/ . H. Native in North America in meadows and on the borders of rivers, from the United States to near the mouth of the Mackenzie river, and from Hudson's Bay to the Pacific, as well as on the bor- ders of fountains in Siberia. Hook. fl. bor. amer. 8. t. 3. B. An. irregularis, Lam. diet. l.p. 167 ; An. aconitifolia, Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 320. ; An. borealis Richards. Flowers large, white, anthers yellow. Root creeping. Var. /3, Laxmdnni (D. C. syst. 1. p. 210.) involucrum 2- leaved ; lateral pedicles involucelled at base. Perhaps a distinct species. The flower at first sight has the appearance of An. narcissiflbra, but upon a more attentive examination it is seen to belong to An. Pennsyhanica. Pennsylvanian Wind-flower. Fl. My. Ju. Clt. 1766. PL l£ft. 47 AN. DICHO'TOMA (Lin. amoen. 1. p. 155.) leaves 3-parted; lobes oblong, deeply toothed at top ; those of the involucrum sessile, all 2-leaved ; sepals 5, elliptical ; carpels smooth. I/ . H. Native of Siberia in moist woods and pastures ; Dauria, near Tschita ; North America, from Canada to New York. Lin. fil. decad. 29. t. 15. Root creeping. Fruit at last smooth. Flowers white with a tinge of red on the under side, smaller than those of the foregoing. Lobes of leaves oblong. Pedicels many, usually bifid. Like An. Pennsylvdnica, but differing in its sta- ture, being more slender, with a smooth surface. Perhaps the American plant is exactly the same as the Siberian one. Dr. Hooker considers this and the preceding identical, but at present we consider it most proper to keep them separate. Dichotomous Wind-flower. Fl. My. Ju. Clt. 1768. PL 14 ft. 48 AN. MEXICA'NA (H. B. et Kth. nov. gen. et spe. am. 5. p. 41.) leaves ternate; segments oval, somewhat cuneated, deeply toothed at the apex ; leaves of the involucrum two, sessile, deeply toothed ; sepals 5 ; ovaries pubescent. "]/ . H. Native of Mexico near Santa-Rosa. Herb somewhat villous. Lateral segments of leaves usually bifid. Involucels of lateral flowers small. Flowers white, very like those of An. Pennsylvania. Mexican Wind-flower. Fl. May, June. PL 1 foot. 49 AN. HELLEBORIFOLIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 211.)leavespedate: segments smooth, somewhat coriaceous, stalked, cuneated, trifid ; lobes serrated, acute ; involucrum and involucels 3-leaved and almost sessile ; ovaries smooth. If. . G. Native of Peru about Huassa-Huassi. Lobes of leaflets sometimes somewhat trifid, as well as those of the involucrum. Stem round, fistular. Flowers white; sepals 5-oval. Carpels 15-20, oval, smooth. Style hooked. A very shewy and distinct plant. Hellebore-leaved Wind-flower. PL 14 foot. 50 AN. VITIFOLIA (Buch. in herb Lamb. D. C. syst. 1. p. 210.) leaves large, cordate, 5-lobed, beneath as well as the stems clothed with white wool ; lobes broadly ovate, acute, cut and crenate ; those of the involucrum stalked, white-woolly underneath, smooth above, bluntly cordate, 5-lobed, and are as well as involucels 3- leaved ; ovaries smooth. If. . F. Native of Upper Nipaul at Suembu. Sepals 8, oval, oblong, villous on the outside, and purplish inside ; anthers copper-coloured. Carpels small, villous, collected into a round head. Vine-leaved Wind-flower. Fl. July. PL 2 foot. 51 AN. RIVULA'RIS (Buch. in herb. Lamb. D. C. syst. 1. p. 211.) leaves villous, as well as petioles, 3-parted; lobes cuneat- ed, trifid ; lobules cut, acutely toothed ; those of the involucrum 2-sessile, 3-parted ; lobes lanceolate, acute, serrated, somewhat pinnatifid at apex. I/ . F. Native of Nipaul about Chitlong, along the banks of rivulets. Pedicels 3, one of which is naked. Sepals 5, oval, naked, white, smooth. Carpels smooth, with a revolute beak. Rivulet Wind-flower. Fl. April. PL 1 to 2 feet. 52 A. OBTUSILOBA (D. Don. fl. nep. p. 194.) leaves 3-lobed, cordate, and are, as well as petioles, very villous ; segments broadly cuneated, and deeply crenate ; involucrum 3-leaved, trifid ; lobes linear, oblong, rounded at the apex, toothed ; sepals 5, obovate ; carpels beaked, pilose. I/ . F. Native of Nipaul RANUNCULACE^S. VI. ANEMONE. 21 at Gosaingsthan. Stem erect, villous. Leaves with very broad cuneated, 3-lobed, deeply crenate, very blunt segments. Pedun- cles 2-3, one-flowered, villous, naked, or the lateral ones are furnished with 2 membranous bracteas. Flowers cream-colour- ed, about the size of those of A. dichotoma. Blunt-lobed Wind-flower. PI. 1 foot. 53 A. ELONGA'TA (D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 194.) leaves 3- parted, and are, as well as petioles, nakedish ; segments wedge- shaped, deeply lobed or toothed, connate at the base ; peduncles three, simple or trifid, pilose ; sepals 5, oval ; carpels beaked, smooth. If. . F. Native of Nipaul at Gosaingsthan. Flowers cream-coloured. Elongated Wind-flower. PL 1 foot. SECT. VI. OMALOCA'RPUS, (o/xaXoc, omalos, smooth ; Kapirot, carpos, a fruit ; because the carpels are smooth) D. C. syst. 1. p. 212. prod. 1. p. 21. Cariopsides compressed, flat, oval, orbi- cular, smooth, tailless. Pedicels numerous, leafless, 1 -flowered, umbelled in the involucrum. 54 AN. NARCISSIFLORA (Lin. spe. 763.) radical leaves some- what villous, palmately 3-5-parted; lobes deeply toothed; lo- bules, linear, acute ; those of the involucrum 3-5-cleft ; flowers umbellate. If. . H. Native throughout the whole of the northern hemisphere in calcareous mountain pastures, particularly in the Pyrenees, Switzerland, Caucasus, Cappadocia, and in the moun- tains of Siberia, island of Unalaschka, on the western coast of North America and in Canada. Jacq. aust. t. 159. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1170. An. umbellata, Lam. fl. fr. ed. 11. 3. p. 322, but not of Willd. A very variable species. Stems from a hand to a cubit in height, hairy or smooth. Flowers usually cream-co- loured, sometimes purplish on the outside. Umbels generally many-flowered, but sometimes few-flowered, very rarely 1- flowered. Pedicels twice or three times longer than the involu- crum, sometimes equal in length, sometimes very short. Sepals 5 or 6, ovate or oval, blunt or acute. Lobes of leaves acute or blunt, more or less profound. Var. ft, fasciculata (D. C. syst. 1. p. 213.) flowers umbel- late, almost sessile, fascicled. Native of Cappadocia. Toun. cor. p. 20. voy. 2. p. 245. An. fasciculata, Lin. spe. 763, not of Vahl. Var. y, mondntha (D. C. syst. 1. p. 213.) flowers solitary or in pairs. An. dubia, Bell. app. fl. ped. 232. t. 7. Var. S? pedicellaris (D. C. syst. 1. p. 213.) pedicels many, elongated ; radical leaves ternate. Native of Dauria and Siberia. Var. t? frigida(D. C. syst. 1. p. 213.) pedicels few, elon- gated ; radical leaves smooth, parted into very narrow linear lobes. Native of Siberia. Far. £, villosissima (D. C. prod. 1. p. 22.) flowers few, sub- sessile ; stem very villous. Native of Unalaschka. Narcissus-flowered Wind-flower. Fl. My. Clt. 1773. PI. 1 ft. 55 AN. UMBELLA'TA (Willd. spec. pi. 2. p. 1284, notof Lam.) radical leaves 3-5 -parted ; segments trifid, very entire, densely villous at their margins; those of the involucrum undivided ; flowers umbellate. If. . H. Native of Cappadocia on moun- tains. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 18; An. fasciculata, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 74. not of Lin. Scapes clothed with very long white hairs. Leaves of involucrum 3-parted ; lobes entire. Pedicels 2-3, 1- flowered, longer than the involucrum. Sepals white, 5, oval obtuse, villous on the outside. Umbellated-fiowered Wind-flower. Fl. ? PI. £ foot. 56 A. POLYA'NTHES (D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 194.) leaves on long stalks, cordate, 3-parted, very villous : segments broadly cuneated, 3-lobed, and deeply-toothed ; involucre 3-leaved, 3- parted ; segments trifid or pinnatifid ; peduncles simple umbel- late ; sepals 5, obovate, and are, as well as the carpels, smooth. I/ . H. Native of Nipaul at Gosaingsthan. Roots grumose. Peduncles 5-6, umbellate. Flowers whitish? Like A. Nar- cifsiflora. Many-Jkwered Wind-flower. PI. 1 foot. 57 AN. SIBIRICA (Lin. spe. 763.) leaves ternate; segments deeply-toothed, ciliated ; those of the involucrum on short stalks, ternate; sepals 6, orbicidar. 7/.H. Native of Siberia beyond the Baikal. Lobes of leaves linear, crowded, obtuse, entire, hairy. Scapes 1 -flowered ; involucrum 3-parted, lobed, with lanceolate segments. Segments, when dry, fulvous. Ovaries smooth. Per- haps related to An. alba. Siberian Wind-flower. Fl. June. Clt. 1 804. PI. | foot. Anemones not sufficiently known 58 AN WALTE'RI (Ph. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 387.) If. . H. Native of Carolina. Thalictrum Carolinianum, Walt. car. 157. Root tuberous. Stem 1-flowered, naked Leaves palmate on long stalks. Sepals 5. Very like An. parviflora. Walter's Wind-flower. PI. 1 foot. 59 AN. PEDA^TA (Raf. Schmaltz, in Desv. jour. bot. 1808. v. 1. p. 230.) l/.H. Native of New Jersey. Stem short, one- flowered. Leaves pedate, 5-parted; lobes jagged; sepals 6. Pedate-leaved Wind-flower. PI. ? Doubtful Species. 60 AN. FLEMME'MSIS (Scop. ann. hist. nat. tyr. ann. 2 ex fl. aust. 2. p. 41 .) If. . Native of the Alps of Tyrol. Perhaps a variety of An. alpina. Flemm Wind-flower. PI. ? 61 AN. DODECAPHY'LLA (Krock. fl. sil. 2. p. 235. t. 20.) If.. H. Native of Silesia. An. decapetala var. ft. Gmel. syst. 871. Twelve-leaved Wind-flower. PL 1 foot. Cult. All the species are shewy flowering plants well worth the cultivator's care ; they thrive best in a light loamy soil. Those species belonging to sections Pulsatilla, Preondnthus, Anemonos- permos, and Omalocdrpus, are either increased by dividing the plants at the root or by seeds : and those belonging to section Anemonanthea are either increased by offsets from the roots or by seeds ; those of section Pulsatilloides are greenhouse evergreen herbaceous plants, and grow best in an equal mixture of sand, loam, and peat, but care must be taken not to let them have too much water when in a dormant state. They often produce per- fect seeds, by which young plants are readily raised : they will also strike root from cuttings, in the same kind of soil, under a hand-glass. •f" Species belonging to section Pulsatilla, which appear to be only varieties of An. patens and An. pratensis. 62 A. INTERMEDIA (Brand, in Schlecht. Linnaea, 3. p. 163, under Pulsatilla,) leaves ternate or pinnate ; segments rather coriaceous, terminal ones on long stalks, profoundly 2-3-cleft ; lobes cut-serrated ; sepals elliptical or lanceolate, clothed with yellowish villi on the outside. If. . H. Native of Saxony on hills near Dresden. Plant villous. Flowers lilac or violet, rarely blue. Like An. patens, and perhaps only a variety of it. Intermediate Pasque-flower. FL June, July. PL 1 foot. 63 A. PROPINQUA (Brand. 1. c. p. 165.) leaves pinnate, with 2 or 3 pair of multifid leaflets and an odd one ; lobes narrow, lanceolate. If. . H. Native of Saxony on hills near Dresden. Sepals 6, elliptical, spreading, pale violet or red, yellowish on the outside. Plant rather villous. Perhaps only a variety of An. pratensis. Related Pasque-flower. Fl. April, May. PL 1 foot. 64 An. AFFINIS (Brand, 1. c. p. 166.) leaves pinnate, with 3-4 pair of multifid leaflets and an odd one ; lobes linear cut ; pe- duncles drooping ; sepals spreading, somewhat reflexed at the apex, elliptical, obtuse. If. • H. Native of Saxony in woods 22 RANUNCULACE^E. VII. HEPATICA. VIII. HYDRASTIS. IX. KNOWLTONIA. near Dresden. Flowers blueish or dark violet. Perhaps a variety of An. pratensis. Allied Pasque-flower. Fl. April, May. PL | foot. VII. HEPA'TICA (from iiirariicoc, hepaticos, of or relating to the liver. The three lobes of the leaves have been compared to the three lobes of the liver.) Dill, giess. p. 108. t. 5. Lin. hort. cliff. 223. D. C. syst. 1. p. 215. prod. 1. p. 22. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Polygynia. Involucrum of 3 entire leaves, in the form of a calyx, close to the flower. Calyx of G to 9 petal-like coloured sepals, disposed into two or three series. Stamens and ovaries numerous. Carpels tailless. Small peren- nial early- flowering evergreen herbs, with 3-7-lobed leaves. Scapes 1 -flowered, numerous, rising from the same root. 1 H. TRILOBA (Chaix in Vill. dauph. 1. p. 336.) leaves cor- date, 3-lobed; lobes quite entire, ovate, acutish; petioles and scapes rather hairy. I/ . H. Native of many parts of Europe in hedges and shady places. Anemone Hepatica, Lin. spe. 758. Oed. fl. dan. 612. Smith, eng. bot. t. 51. fl. graec. 513. Schk. hand. 2. t. 150. Anemone prae'cox, Sal. prod. 371. Colour of flowers usually blue ; found in gardens, but seldom if ever in the fields, with white, brown, flesh-coloured, red, purple, violet, or variegated flowers, but never yellow ; single or double. Leaves green, purplish or variegated underneath. All these varieties are designated under names in old books, but here we have thought proper to omit them. Three-lobed-\eaved or common Hepatica. Fl. Feb. April. England. PI. i foot. 2 H. AMERICA'NA (Ker. bot. reg. t. 387.) leaves cordate, 3-lobed ; lobes quite entire, roundish, obtuse ; petioles and scapes very pilose. I/ . H. Native of North America on the sides of fertile and rocky hills from Canada to Carolina. H. triloba /3. D. C. syst. 1. p. 216 ; H. trlloba, Ph. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 391. Var. y, Hook. Flowers red. American Hepatica. Fl. Feb. April. Clt. 1800. PI. i ft. 3 H. ANGULOSA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 217.) leaves palmately 5-lobed ; lobes serrated. I/ . H. Native of? formerly cultivated in the Physic garden, Paris. An. angulosa, Lam. diet. 1. p. 169. Flowers purple or blue. Sepals 8-9, elliptical, spreading. Angular-leaved Hepatica. Fl. Feb. April. Clt ? PL -J ft. 4 H. ACUTILOBA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 22.) leaves cordate, 3-lobed ; lobes quite entire, acute ; petioles pilose. If. . H. Native of North America on the Rocky Mountains and in Canada. Anemone Hepatica. var. acutfloba, Bigl. Hook. Flowers blue. Perhaps a good species. Dr. Boott has gathered a variety of this or //. Americana with 5-cleft leaves near Boston. Acute-lobed Hepatica. Fl. Feb. April. Clt. 1818. PL \ ft. 5 H. INTEGRIF&LIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 217.) leaves ovate, quite entire : scapes and petioles very villous. If. . F. Native of South America on the mountain Gualgayoc, at the height of 1850 fathoms. Anemone integrifolia, H. B. et Kth. nov. gen. et spe. amer. 5. p. 40. Perhaps the involucrum is 1 -leaved, and the leaflets divided to the base into 3 parts. Flower sessile, white. Sepals 8-10, linear, shorter than the involucrum. Ova- ries villous. Entire-leaved Hepatica. PI. -J foot. Cult. Hepaticas are great favourites for the flower- border, both as being evergreen in their foliage, and for their abundant early blossoms and great variety of colours and shades. A light loam or peat soil suits them best ; and they are easily increased by dividing the plants at the root, in spring. VIII. HYDRA'STIS (from vSup, hydor, water ; in reference to the humid places wherein it grows.) Lin. gen. no. 704. Juss. gen. 232. D.C. syst.l. p. 217. prod. 1. p. 23. Warneria Mill, fig. 2. t. 285. LIN. SYST. Polyandria Polygynia. Calyx of 3 ovate sepals. FIG. 7. (f. 7. a.) Petals wanting. Stamens and ovaries numerous. Fruit baccate, numerous, collected into ahead (f. 7. b.) each terminated by the style,. 1 -celled, 1-2-seeded. Seeds somewhat egg-shaped, smooth. A small perennial herb with tuberous roots and 3-5- parted leaves. Root bitter, rather pungent and tonic, yielding a beautiful yellow dye, whence its name yellow-root. HY. CANADE'NSIS (Lin. spe. 784.) I/ . H. Native of North America in watery places, in tracts along the Allegheny mountains, from Canada to Carolina ; along the river Ohio, and on the western parts of Virginia and Pennsylvania, in shady woods in fertile soil and among rocks. Pict. hort. par. 37. t. 17. Root with fleshy tubercles, yel- low on the inside. Stem herbaceous, simple, 1 -flowered. Lower leaves 1 or 2, stalked, upper ones almost ses- sile, all of which are 3-5-parted, with their lobes grossly toothed. Flowers white or purplish, terminal, stalked. Fruit fleshy, red, similar to those ofRubus. Carpels ovate, acute. J? <8jTO Canadian Yellow-Root. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1759. PL 1 foot. Cult. This plant being rather difficult to increase, is rare in our gardens. It requires to be planted in a moist shady situa- tion, because if planted in a situation exposed to the sun it rarely lives through the summer. It is increased by dividing the plants at the root in spring, or by seeds. IX. KNOWLTO' NIA (named after Thomas Knowlton, once the Curator of the Botanic Garden at Eltham). Sal. prod. 372. D. C. syst. 1. p. 218. prod. 1. p. 23. LIN. SYST. Polyandria Polygynia. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5-15, with a naked claw. Stamens numerous. Ovaries nu- merous, seated on a globose receptacle. Cariopsides numerous, 1 -seeded, baccate. Styles deciduous, awnless. Evergreen pe- rennial herbs, emulating the habit of some umbelliferous plants, with biternate or triternate leaves, and umbels of greenish-yellow flowers. 1 KN. RIGIDA (Sal. prod. 372.) leaves biternate ; leaflets somewhat cordate, coriaceous, smoothish, lateral ones obliquely truncate at the base, umbel supradecompound, spreading. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 850 — Com. hort. 1. p. 1. t. 1. Ad6nis Capensis, Lin. spec. 772: Adonis coriacea, Poir. suppl. p. 146. Anamenia coriacea, Vent, malm. l.p. 22. t. 22. Rigid Knowltonia. Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1780. PL 1 foot. 2 KN. VESICATO'RIA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 775.) leaves biternate; Leaflets somewhat cordate, rigid, smoothish, lateral ones at base obliquely truncate ; umbel rather simple, few-flowered. If.. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.— Pluk. aim. 198. t. 95. f. 2. Ad6nis vesicatoria. Lin. fil. suppl. 272. Adonis Capensis, Lam. diet. 1. p. 46, exclusive of the synonym of Barr. Anamenia laserpitiifolia, Vent. malm. 1. p. 22. Anamenia vesi- catoria, Dum. cours. bot. cult. 4. p. 438. Adonis laserpitiifolia, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 147. Blistering Knowltonia. Fl. Feb. Apr. Clt. 1691. PL 1 ft. 3 KN. GRA'CILIS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 219.) leaves biternate; leaflets ovate, profoundly serrated, rigid, pilose ; scapes branched at the top ; branches erect, few-flowered. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Deless. icon. sel. 1 . t. 1 9. Adonis JEthi- opica. Thun. prod. cap. ? Anamenia gracilis, Vent. malm. 1 . p. 22. in obs. ; Adonis gracilis, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 147. Adonis Capensis Thunb. RANUNCULACE^l. X. ADONIS. 23 Slender Knowltonia. Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot. 4 KN. HIHSU'TA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 200.) leaves biternate ; leaflets lanceolate, profoundly serrated, hairy; scapes branched at the base ; branches decumbent, few-flowered. "If. . G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. — Burm. afr. 145. t. 51. Ana- menia hirsuta, Vent. malm. 22. in obs. Adonis hirsuta, Poir. suppl. l.p. 147. Hairy Knowltonia. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 foot. 5 KN. DAUCIFOLIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 200.) leaves ternate ; leaflets pinnatifid ; lobes linear, acute ; umbel compound. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Adonis filia, Lin. fil. suppl. 271. Adonis daucifolia, Lam. diet. 1. p. 46. Anamenia daucifolia, Vent. malm. 22. in obs. Root horizontal. Herb villous at the neck, base of stem and petioles, the rest smooth. Scapes naked, nearly two feet high. Peduncles pubescent. Carrot-leaved Knowltonia. Fl. ? Clt. 1822. PI. 2 feet. Cult. These plants will grow freely in a mixture of loam and peat, and may either be increased by dividing the plants at the root, or by seeds, which often ripen in abundance. X. ADO' NTS (The plant which sprang from the blood of Adonis when wounded by a boar ; in allusion to the blood-red color of the flowers of most of the annual species.) Dill, giess. nov. gen. 109. t. 4. Lam. illust. t. 498. Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 355. t. 74. Lin. gen. 698. LIN. SYST. Pulydndria Polygynia. Calyx of 5 pressed sepals, but they are sometimes loosened at the base. Petals from 5 to 15, with a naked claw. Stamens numerous, inserted in the base of the gonophor. Cariopsides numerous, 1 -seeded, spiked, ovate, pointed with the style. Embryo ovate. Cotyledons dis- tant. Annual or perennial herbs, with their cauline leaves pinnate-parted into multifid lobes with innumerable linear lo- bules. Flowers solitary, on the top of the stem or branches. SECT. I. ADONIA, (applied to this section on account of its containing the original or true species of Adonis.} D. C. syst. 1. p. 221 ; prod. 1. p. 23. Cariopsides acuminated with the straight style. Petals 5-10. Stamens 18-20. Roots annual. The species of this section are probably varieties of one species. 1 AD. AUTUMNA'IIS (Lin. spe. 771.) calyx smooth; petals 6-8, concave, conniving, scarcely larger than the calyx ; carpels somewhat reticulated, crowned by very short styles, collected into an ovate head ; stems branched. ©. H. Native through- out Europe in corn-fields, and very frequently cultivated in gardens : also in Labrador. Smith, eng. bot. t. 308. Curt. fl. lond. 2. t. 37. Schkuhr. hand. 2. No. 1489. t. 152. Flower of an intense blood-red, rarely pale, globose from the concave con- niving petals, and from its form and colour is called in France Goutte de sang. Autumnal Pheasant's-eye. Fl. May, Sept. Britain. PI. 1 foot. 2 AD. FLA'VA (Vill. cat. strasb. 247.) calyx smooth, loosened at the base ; petals flat, oblong, double the length of the calyx ; carpels smoothish, collected into an oblong head; stem almost simple. 0. H. Native of France in corn-fields and vineyards, and probably throughout Germany. — Weinm. phyt. t. 28. f. a. and b. exclusive of the synonyms. — Tab. icon. 790. f. 1. Stem scarcely branched. Flowers yellow, rarely flame-coloured. Pe- tals nearly linear. Yellow Pheasant's-eye. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PI. 1 foot. 3 AD. PARVIFLO'RA (Fisch. inlitt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 24.) calyx loosened at the base, smooth ; petals flat, oblong, length of calyx ; carpels few, collected into an ovate head, crowned by straight conical styles i stem simple. 0. H. Native of Russia on the banks of the Rhymnus, near the salt lake Indirio. Petals pale scarlet, when dried whitish. Small-flowered Pheasant's-eye. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. ? PI. 1 foot. 4 AD. MICRA'NTHA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 222.) calyx smooth, not loosened at the base ; petals flat, oblong, a little longer than the calyx ; carpels somewhat reticulated, collected into a somewhat ovate head; stem a little branched. 0. H. Native of the south of France about Toulouse, Avignon, &c. in corn-fields. Flowers small, yellow or flame. Ovaries few 7-10. Stem simple at the base, at the top usually a little branched. A doubtful species. Small-flowered yellow Pheasant's-eye. Fl. Ju. Jul. PI. 1 foot. 5 AD. MICROCA'RPA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 223.) calyx smooth; petals flat, oblong, twice as long as calyx ; carpels reticulated, disposed in an oblong head ; stem almost simple. 0. H. Na- tive of Spain about Tudela in corn-fields, and of the island of Teneriffe. Calyx scarcely loosened at the base. Fruit about one half smaller and more numerous than in any other species. Flowers yellow-citron, or somewhat flame-coloured. Perhaps distinct enough from Ad. flaxa, by its stem being one half or more shorter, and more crowded with leaves. Small-fruited Pheasant's-eye. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. PI. |ft. 6 AD. ANO'MALA (Wallr. sched. 273.) calyx pilose on the out- side, acutish ; petals 3, oblong, flat, bluntish, spreading, with the claw of the same colour ; carpels ovate, disposed in 6 rows, crowned with the withered styles, afterwards becoming loosely and irregularly disposed into an oblong spikes ; stem branched. ©. H. Native about Halle in fields. Anomalous Pheasant's-eye. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 7 AD. CITRINA (Hoffm. fl. germ. 1. p. 251.) calyx hispid at the base ; petals flat, oblong, longer than the calyx ; carpels dis- posed into an ovate-oblong head ; stem almost simple ; flowers small, almost sessile among the leaves. 0. H. Native of France, Germany, and Teneriffe, in corn-fields. Plant small. Stem erect, simple, very rarely branched. Flowers solitary, small, yellow. Ctojwi-coloured-flowered Pheasant's-eye. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 foot. 8 AD. FLA'MMEA (Murr. syst. 514.) calyx hispid at the base ; petals flat, oblong, acute, longer than the calyx ; carpels disposed into a cylindrical head ; stem branched ; flowers large, stalked. ©. H. Native of Austria in corn-fields. Jacq. fl. aust. 4. t. 355. — Besl. hort. eyst. ce'st. ord. 5. t. 11. f. 3. Stem smooth or pilose. Petioles pilose. Flowers flame-coloured ; sepals oblong, acute. ^•Yame-coloured-flowered Pheasant's-eye. Fl. July, August. Clt. 1800. PL 1 foot. 9 AD. .KSTIVA'LIS (Lin. spec. 772.) calyx hispid at the base : petals, flat, oblong, obtuse, one half longer than the calyx : carpels reticulated, disposed into a loose oblong spike, beaked with the straight style ; stem almost simple. ©. H. Native of England in corn-fields ; south of France, Italy, &c. Ad. miniata, Jacq. fl. aust. t. 354 ; Ad. maculata, Wallr. sched. 270. Stem elongated. Flowers peduncled, small, of a deep crimson colour. Summer Pheasant's-eye. Fl. June, July. England. PI. 1 foot. 10 AD. DENTA'TA (Del. fl. segyp. ill. 17, descr. eg. t. 53. f. 1.) calyx hispid at the base ; petals flat, oval-oblong, a little longer than the calyx ; carpels toothed at the base, with tubercles, netted, disposed into an elongated spike. 0. H. Native of Egypt in corn-fields and arid places. Stem striato- angular, hard, branching. Flowers on short peduncles. Far a, orientalis, (D. C. syst. 1. c.) petals yellow. Native of Egypt and the island of Cyprus. Ad. dentata, Del. fl. segyp. ill. p. 17, descr. aegyp. t. 53. f. 1. Petals oval, yellow, with a black claw. Fruit echinately toothed at the base, with the back a little crested, disposed in slender spikes. Var. fi, provincidlis (D. C. syst. 1. c. prod. 1. c.) petals flame- coloured. Native of Provence between Digne and Colmars. Petals oblong. Fruit a little tuberculately-toothed at the base, disposed in a long spike. Toothed-fruited Pheasant's-eye. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. ? PI. 1 foot. RANUNCULACEJE. X. ADONIS. XI. HAMADRYAS. SECT. II. CONSOLIGO, (perhaps derived from Consolido to unite, on account of the plants being perennial) D. C. syst. 1. p. 224. prod. 1 . p. 24. Cariopsides hooked with the recurved styles, collected into an ovate head. Petals 8-15. Stamens 25-30. Roots perennial, black, acrid, and purgative. Flowers yellow. 11 AD. VERNAVLIS (Lin. spe. 771.) radical or lower leaves abortive, or reduced to somewhat sheathing scales, the middle and upper ones sessile and multifid, with very entire lobes, carpels velvety; petals 10-12, oblong, rather denticulated. I/ . H. Native of France, Siberia, Tauria, Switzerland, and Italy, on hills and in valleys, in sunny places of mountains, flowering in the spring after the melting of the snow. Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 355. t. 74. Curt. bot. mag. 134. Schkuh. hand. No. 1490. t. 152. Ad. helleborus, Grant, aust. 2. p. 82. Ad. Apennina, Jacq. aust. t. 44. Ad vernalis a. Lam. diet. 1. p. 45. ill. t. 498. f. 3. Var. ft, Mentzelii (D. C. syst. 1. p. 225. prod. 1. p. 25.) Ad. Apennina, Lin. spe. 772. Ad vernalis /3. Lam. diet. 1. p. 45. — Mentz pug. t. 3. f. 1. Var. y, Sibirica (Patrin. D. C. syst. et prod. 1. c.) Native of Siberia on the banks of the river Oby about Barnaoul. — Gmel. sib. p. 200. No. 43. Not differing from the European plant, unless that the flowers are a little larger. Spring Adonis. Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1629. PI. 1 foot. 12 AD. VoLGE'Nsis(Stev. ined. D. C. syst. i. p. 545.) radical or lower leaves abortive, or reduced to somewhat sheathing scales, middle and upper ones sessile, multifid, with the lobules toothed at their margins ; carpels somewhat velvety ; calyx pubescent on the outside; petals 10-12, oblong. I/. H. Native of the Russian empire at the rivers Volga and Rhymnus. Deless. icon, sel. 1. t. 20. Ad. Apennina ? Pall. nov. act. petrop. vol. 10. Ad. chaerophylla. Fisch. ined. An intermediate plant between Ad. vernalis and Pyrenaica, differing from the first in the stems being branched, leaves more distant, carpels much less velvety ; from the last by the lower leaves being abortive, squamiform, and with the carpels when young somewhat velvety ; differing from the whole in the sepals of calyx being pubescent on the outside, not smooth. Volga Adonis. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 foot. 13 AD. IRCUTIA'NA (D. C. prod. i. p. 25.) radical leaves ? mid- dle and upper ones sessile, pinnately, many-parted with toothed lobules ; calyx very smooth ; petals obovate. If. . H. Native of Siberia about Irkoutsk. A species not sufficiently known. Irkoutsk Adonis. PI. 1 foot. 14 AD. SisiiucA (Patrin. ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 218) plant quite smooth ; segments of leaves short, cut ; petals nu- merous obovate, crenulate at the apex, much longer than the calyx. "J/ . H. Native of Siberia. Siberian Adonis. Fl. April, July. PI. 1 foot. 15 AD. DAVU'RICA (Rchb. icon. t. 321. Spreng. syst. app. p. 218) segments of leaves trifid, linear; petals 12, spatulate, cre- nulated at the apex, much longer than the smooth calyx. If. . H. Native of Dahuria. Dahurian Adonis. PI. 1 foot. 1 6 AD. VILLO'S A (Ledeb. in litt. ex Spreng. I.e.) petals 1 2, linear- oblong, crenulate at the apex, twice the length of pubescent calyx ; stembranched,and is, as well as the leaves, hoary villous ; segments of leaves trifid, linear, pointed. }/ . H. Native of Russia on Mount Imaus. This plant differs from A. Sibirica of Rchb, in being villous, as well as in the stem being branched, and the seg- ments of the leaves narrower. Villous Adonis. PI. 1 foot. 17 AD. PYRENA'ICA (D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 635) radical leaves on long stalks, with trifid petioles and many-parted segments, upper ones sessile multifid, with linear very entire lobules ; carpels smooth; petals 8-10, oblong- cuneated, entire. 3/.H. Native of the Eastern Pyrenees in the valley called Eynes ; and near Edinburgh, in Hungary. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 21. Stem beyond a foot high and usually much branched. Radical leaves with trifid stalks not squamiform. Flowers almost sessile. Pe- dicel of fruit much elongated. Petals smaller and more obtuse than in Ad. vernalis. Fruit also smooth. Like Ad. vernalis but truly distinct. Far. /3, minor (D. C. prod. 1. p. 25). Native of the south of the Apennines in Mount Velino. Ad. Apennina, Schousb. in litt. not Lin. Pyrenean Adonis. Fl. July. Clt. 1817. PI. 1| foot. Cult. A genus of beautiful plants. Those species belonging to section Addnia being annual, only require to be sown in open borders ; those belonging to section Consoligo are very handsome perennial herbaceous flowering plants, very proper for the front of flower -borders ; they may be either increased by dividing the plants at the roots or by seeds. XI. HAMADRY AS (from apa, hama, together, dpvov, dryon, a forest ; habitat.) Commers. in Juss. gen. p. 232. LIN. SYST. Polydndria Polygynia. Flowers dioecious from abor- tion. Calyx of 5 or 6 sepals, (f. 8. a.) Petals 10-12, linear, long. (f. 8, 6.) Male flowers with numerous short stamens, female ones with numerous ovaries and sessile stigmas. Carpels ovate, 1 -seeded. Small downy herbs with the appearance of Ranunculus. Leaves radical, palmate, stalked. Scapes 2 or 3- flowered, hardly longer than the leaves. Flowers yellow, alter- nate, sessile, collected at the top of the scape into a sort of spike. 1 HAM. MAGELLA'NICA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 67) calyx smooth, upper leaves smooth above, 3-parted ; lobes deeply parted. I/ . H. Native of the Straits of Magellan in moun- tainous groves. Deless. icon. sel. 1 . t. 22. Herb erect. Radical leaves 3 or 4, with the base of the petioles dilated, and smooth, the rest villous. Scapes hairy, a little longer than the leaves. Magellan Hamadryas. PI. -j ft. (f. 8.) 2 HAM. TOMENibsA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 227) calyx tomentose ; upper leaves cobwebbed, villous, 5 or 7- cleft into oblong or subtrifid lobes. I/ . H. Native of South America, in Statenland, on the declivities of mountains. Herb erect, tomentose. Radical leaves 2 or 3, somewhat orbicular, upper ones somewhat cordate at the base. Scapes simple, a little longer than the petioles. Flowers 2 or 3, sessile, crowded at the top of the scape. Ovaries disposed into a round head. Tomentose Hamadryas. Fl. Feb. March. PI. ^ foot. Cult. These plants will require to be kept in pots, in a mix- ture of sand and loam. They should be protected during winter by a frame, and may be either increased by dividing the plants at the roots or by seeds. Tribe III. RANU'NCULEJE, (plants agreeing with Ranunculus in habit and character,) D. C. syst. 1. p. 228; prod. 1. p. 25. Calyx and corolla imbricate in the bud. (f. 14. a.) Petals fur- nished with a scale on the inside at the base (f. 9. c.) or bilabiate. Carpels 1-seeded (f. 9. g.~) dry, unopening. (f. 9. e.) Seed erect, (f. 9./.) Leaves radical or alternate, (f. 9.) Flowers of various colors but never blue. Herbs. RANUNCULACE^E. XII. Mvosuaus. XIII. CERATOCEPHALUS. XIV. RANUNCULUS. 25 XII. MYOSU'RUS (pvQ, mys, a mouse, and ovpa, oura, a tail. The seeds are seated upon a long receptacle, which looks exactly like the tail of a mouse). Dill, geiss. p. 106. t. 4. Lin. gen. No. .394. D. C. syst. 1. p. 229. prod. 1. p. 25. Gart. fr. 1. p. 354. t. 4. Juss.gen. 233. Lam. ill. t. 221. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria Polygynia. Calyx of 5 -sepals ; sepals loosened at the base or drawn out downward beyond their inser- tion. Petals 5, with a filiform tubular claw. Stamens 5-20. Cariopsides numerous, triquetrous, very much crowded on a long receptacle, each pointed with the straight style. Small annual plants with linear entire leaves, and small yellow flowers. Scapes 1 -flowered. 1 MY. HUNIMUS (Lin. spec. 407.) scape nearly equal in length with the leaves, or longer ; appendages of calyx somewhat leafy, O • H. Native throughout Europe in exposed muddy situations, and in fields where it has been inundated in the winter. Fl. dan. t. 406. Curt. fl. lond. t. 151. Smith, eng. bot. Schkuhr. handb. t. 88. Scapes shorter or longer than the leaves, 3-8, rising from the same root. Sepals and petals equal in number. Least Mouse-tail. Fl. April, June. Britain. PI. 1-2 inches. 2 MY. SHO'RTII (Raf. in Sill. amer. jour. sc. 1819. vol. 1. No. 4. p. 379.) scapes shorter than the leaves ; appendages of calyx membranous. 0. H. Native of North America about Hopkin's Town, West Kentucky. Perhaps a variety of the first. Short's Mouse-tail. Fl. April, June. PL 1 inch. Cult. The species of Myosurus only require to be sown in the open ground in a moist situation, where they should afterwards be allowed to sow themselves. XIII. CERATOCE'PHALUS (from «pae, keras, a horn, and k'ta\r], kephale, a head, on account of the horn ends of the seeds in the heads of the capsules) Mcench. meth. p. 218. D. C. syst. 1. p. 230. prod. 1. p. 26, but not of Vaill. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria Polygy'nia. Calyx of 5 permanent sepals. Petals unguiculate. Stamens 5-15. Carpels numerous, attach- ed to a long receptacle, with a gibbosity on both sides at the base, and drawn out at top into a long flat horn, which is 6-times longer than the seed. Seeds 4-sided, with an erect embryo. Small annual herbs, with 1 -flowered scapes, yellow flowers, and leaves many-parted into linear lobes. 1 CER. FALCA'TUS (Pers. ench. 1. p. 341.) horns of carpels fal- cate, somewhat ascending. 0. H. Native of Spain, south of France, Italy, Hungary, Austria, Argolis, Arcadia, and about Damascus, &c. in corn-fields. Ranunculus falcatus, Lin. spe. 781. Jacq. fl. aust. t. 48 ; Ranunculus testiculatus. Crantz. aust. 2. p. 97. Ceratocephala spicata, Mocnch. meth. 218. Herb nearly smooth, but downy in hot exposed situations. /Wcate-horned Ceratocephalus. Fl. May. Clt. 1739. PI. 1 to 2 inches. 2 CER. ORTHOCERAS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 231.) horns of pericarps straight. 0. H. Native of Tauria and the south of Siberia in uncultivated fields. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 23. Ranunculus falca- tus, Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. p. 29, exclusive of the synonyme. Differing from C. falcatus, in being a little smaller, and in the pericarps being constantly clothed with white wool, as well as in the horns of pericarps being straight, not falcate. Straight- horned Ceratocephalus. Fl. May. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 inch. Cult. They only require to be sown in the open ground. Not worth cultivating unless in the gardens of the curious. XIV. RANU'NCULUS (from rana, a frog, because most of the species inhabit humid places frequented by that reptile ; Ranun- cule and Grenouillette, Fr. ; Rammkel, Germ. ; Ranuncole, Ital. ; ftarpaxiov, Gre. ; Crowfoot in English, in allusion to the form of the leaves of many of the species,) C. Bauh. pin. 180 ; Pers. VOL. I. ench. 2. p. 102 ; Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 353. t. 74. Ranunculi spe. Lin. gen. No. 699. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Polygynia. Calyx of 5 deciduous sepals (f. 9. a.) which are not loosened at the base. Petals 5, rarely 8 (f. 9. 6.) 10, furnished with a nectariferous scale on the inside at the base (f. 9. c.). Stamens numerous. Cariopsides numerous, ovate, somewhat compressed ending in a point or horn, which is scarcely ever longer than the seed, (f. 9. d.) smooth striated or tubercled (f. 9. arnassifblius. Flowers yellow. Short-stemmed Crowfoot. PI. ^ foot. SECT. III. TnbRA ($opa, phthora, venom or corruption ; be- cause the Swiss hunters of wild-boars use the roots of R. Thora to envenom their darts) D. C. prod. 1. p. 30. Carpels smooth, almost globose. Roots grumose. Flowers yellow. 32 R. THORA (Lin. spe. 775.) leaves quite smooth, radical ones stalked, stem ones sessile, kidney-shaped, crenated, floral ones cut ; stem 2-3-flowered, smooth. If. . H. Native of the Alps of Switzerland, Austria, Greece, Apennines, Carpathian mountains, on rocks and in pastures near to the limits of perpetual snow. Jacq. fl. aust. 5. t. 442 ; obs. 1. p. 25. t. 13. The root of this plant is reported to be extremely acrid and poisonous ; its juice having been used formerly by the Swiss hunters of wild beasts, to envenom their darts, whose wound, by that means, becomes speedily fatal and incurable. Hence the name from tyfyopa, phthora, corruption or venom. Venom Crowfoot. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1710. PI. | to 1ft. 33 R. SCUTA'TUS (Walds! and Kit. pi. hung. 2. p. 205. 1. 187.) leaves very smooth, without radical ones, stem ones sessile, kid- ney-shaped, crenate, floral ones cut ; stem 3-4-flowered, rather pilose at the base. If. . H. Native of Hungary in mountain woods. R. Thora. Towns itin. hung. p. 354 and 490. R. Thora, var. scutatus, Wahl. carp.no. 551. Very like R. Thora, but differing in being without radical leaves, but with the lower ones clasping the stem. Sepals very blunt. Flowers and ovaries more numerous as well as larger than those of R. Thora. Shield-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1817. Pl.fft. 34 R. BREVIFOLIUS (Ten. fl. neap. prod, suppl. 2. p. 68.) leaves very smooth, radical ones coriaceous, stalked, and 3-lobed, with the intermediate lobe 3-parted, stem-leaves sessile, wedge-shaped, 3-parted ; stem 1 -flowered, incurved. If. . H. Native of the kingdom of Naples, on the rocks of Mugella. Like R. Thora. Petioles flexuous, with a single small leaf on each stem. Short-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 foot. 35 R. HY'BRIDUS (Bir. ren. 30.) leaves very smooth, radical ones on long footstalks, kidney-shaped, crenately-lobed, stem ones two, on short stalks, lobed at the apex ; stem 1-3-flowered. If. . H. Native of the Alps of Austria. R. Thora Sturn. deutsch. fl. with a figure. Jacq. obs. 1. t. 13. Like R. Thora in habit, but with roots like R. auricomus. Hybrid Crow foot. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot. SECT. IV. HECATONIA, (from IKO.TOV, hekaton, a hundred ; a name used by Loureiro to denote a number of germs) D. C. prod. 1. p. 30. Carpels smooth, roundish-ovate, disposed in a roundish head. Roots fibrous. § 1 . Flowers white. Leaves dissected. 36 R. BITERNA'TUS (Smith, in Rees's cyclop, no. 48.) stem creeping; leaves 3-parted, with the partitions 3-lobed; lobes oblong, acute, entire or somewhat toothed ; petals oblong, equal in length with the calyx. I/ . H. Native of the Straits of Ma- gellan in water. A very small, slender, many-stemmed plant. Leaves on long stalks. Flowers smaller than those of R. ayud- tilis. Petals blunt, with a yellow claw. 37 R. RUIVEFOLIUS (Lin. spec. FIG. 9. 777.) leaves pinnate, with 3-lobed multifid lobes ; stem generally 1- flowered ; calyx glabrous ; petals 8-10 with a two-coloured claw. 3{. H. Native of the higher Alps of Europe among rocks near the limits of perpetual snow. Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 1. p. 186. t. 6, 7. All. pedem. no. 1451. t. 67. f. 1. Stem very rarely bearing 2 or 3 flowers. Petals oblong with an orange claw, (f. 9.) Rue-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 175'9. PI. I to | ft. 38 R. ISOPYROIDES (D. C. syst. 1. p. 238.) radical leaf pinnate with stalked twice trifid segments, cauline ones ternate ; calyx smooth ; petals 5, oval. If. . H. Native of Siberia near the Lake Baikal. R. fumariaefblius Fisch. in litt. Very like R . rutcefbliits. Petals sometimes beyond 5, twice as long as calyx. Peduncles 2 or 3, rising from the axillae of the upper leaves or terminal. Ovaries 8-10, smooth. Isojnjrmn-like Crowfoot. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1818. PI. -|to \ ft. 39 R. GLACIA'LIS (Lin. spec. 777.) radical leaves stalked, pal- mately 3-parted or ternate, with trifid lobes and bluntish lobules ; stem generally 1 -flowered; calyx very hairy; carpels compressed, marginate. If. . H. Native of the higher Alps of Europe from Austria to Provence, Pyrenees, Hungary, Lapland, Iceland, &c. among rocks near the limits of perpetual snow. Wulf. in Jaeq. coll. 1. p. 189. t. 8, 9. f. 1, 2. Scape 1-3-flowered. Leaves usually smooth, but the upper ones are sometimes villous. Petals somewhat orbicular, bluntly emarginate, length of calyx white or reddish, suffused with purple. Flowers seldom double. Var. fi ? aconitoides (D. C. prod. 1. p. 30.) segments of leaves cuneated, acutely cut at the apex. A. hybrid, between R. gla- cialis and R. aconitifdlius. Icy Crowfoot. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1775. PL i to i foot. 40 R. CHAMISSONIS (Schlecht. anim. ran. 1. p. 12. t. 1.) radical leaves stalked, 3-parted ; partitions cuneated, 3-lobed ; lobes entire, bluntish ; calyx very hairy ; carpels oval, bladdery, acu- minated, curved at the base. If. . H. Native at the bottom of Icy Mountains in the Bay of St. Laurence. Stem 1 -flowered. Chamisso's Crowfoot. PI. ^ foot. 41 SEGUIE'RI (Vill. dauph. 4. p. 735. t. 49.) leaves 3-parted, with acute or bluntish entire trifid partitions ; stem generally 1 -flowered; calyx smooth ; petals 5, entire. T£. H. Native of the Alps of Provence, Dauphiny, Piedmont, Carniolia, in the fissures of rocks near the limits of perpetual snow. R. Colum- nae, All. pedem. 1453. t. 67. f. 3, 4. Like R. glacullis and alpestris. Floral leaves small, sessile, entire, or trifid. Stem from 1-3-flowered, villous under the flower. Calyx sometimes hairy. Petals orbicular, entire, longer than the calyx. Seguier's Crowfoot. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1819. PI. | foot. 42 R. ALPE'STRIS (Lin. spec. 778.) leaves orbicular, cordate, 3-lobed, with the lobes deeply crenate at the apex, blunt ; stem usually 1-flowered ; calyx smooth ; petals 5, obcordate or 3- lobed. If. . H. Native of the Carpathian mountains, Pyrenees, and Alps of Jura, £c. on rocks and in the higher pastures. In Scotland in moist places, about two or three rocks on the Clova mountains in Angushire. The leaves are sometimes hardly trifid, sometimes trifid, sometimes 3-parted. Flowers varying in size, either single or double. Petals obcordate or 3-lobed. Smith, eng. bot. 2390. Jacq. aust. t. 110. Haller says this is one of the most acrid of its tribe, blistering 30 RANUNCULACEjE. XIV. RANUNCULUS. the skin ; and yet Alpine hunters chew it by way of refreshment, as removing fatigue and preventing giddiness. Var. ft, Afagellensis (Ten. cat. hort. app. 1. p. 53.) differs from var. a, in the lobes of the leaves being crenate, not 3-parted. Var. y, Traunfelneri (Hopp. Jahrg. 1819. 731. ex icon. Schlecht. anim. ran. 2. p. 6.) Alp Crowfoot. Fl. Ju. Aug. Scotland. PI. i to | foot. 43 R. CRENA'TUS (Waldst. & Kit. pi. hung. p. 119. t. 10.) leaves cordate, roundish, crenate at apex ; stem 1 -flowered ; calyx smooth ; petals 5, obcordate, crenate at apex. I/ . H. Native in moist places on the mountains of Hungary, near the limits of perpetual snow. Like R. alpestris, but with the scape always 1 -flowered, and the petals are furnished with a melliferous pore at their base, not with a scale. CVenate-petalled Crowfoot. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. £ ft. 44 R. ACONITIFOLIUS (Lin. mant. 79.) leaves palmate, 3-5- parted, with the partitions deeply toothed ; upper leaves sessile, cleft into linear-lanceolate lobes ; stem branched, many-flowered ; bracteas lanceolate serrated ; calyx pressed, smooth. I/. . H. Native of middle Europe, in moist pastures on the higher moun- tains, particularly in Holland, Germany, Hungary, and north of Italy, &c. This plant varies much in size, according to the places of its natural growth ; on the tops of the highest mountains it does not attain the height of three inches, but in the lower valleys it attains the height of two feet. In shady places it becomes smooth, but in dry situations it is downy. Flowers sometimes few sometimes numerous, with oblong cuneated or orbicular petals, with a linear scale at the base of each. Var. a, humilis (D. C. syst. 1. p. 240.) radical leaves 3-5- parted ; stem slender, glabrous. I/ . H. R. aconitifolius, Lin. mant. 79. — Mor. hist. 3. p. 462. sect. 12. t. 2. f. 3. 5. Var. ft, crassicaulis (D. C. 1. c.) radical leaves 3-parted ; stem thickish, clothed with pressed hairs at the top. l/.H. Native of the Pyrenees in moist places by the sides of rivulets. R. heterophyllus, Lapeyr. abr. 316. but not of Smith. This variety may prove a distinct species. Aconite-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1596. PI. ^ to 2 ft. 45 R. PLATANIFOLIUS (Lin. mant. 79. Fl. dan. t. 111.) plant tall ; radical leaves with 5-7 acuminated toothed lobes ; upper leaves sessile, cleft into linear-lanceolate lobes ; stem branched, many-flowered ; calyx pressed, smooth ; bracteas linear entire. I/ . H. Native of many parts of Europe on low mountains in bushy places. R. aconitifolius var. S, platanifolius, D. C. syst. 1. p. 241. There is a variety of this with double flowers, which is very common in our gardens under the name of Double white Batche- lors' Buttons and Fair Maids of France. R. aconitifolius, ft, flore pleno. Curt. bot. mag. t. 204. Var. ft, dealbatus, radical leaves with 7 toothed lobes, whitish on the under surface ; cauline leaves 3-lobed. Tf. . H. Native of the Pyrenees in the crevices of calcareous rocks. R. deal- batus Lapeyr. abr. p. 315. R. platanifolius, var. e, D.C. syst. 1. p. 241. Var. y, inlermedius, plant tall ; radical leaves 3-parted. If. . H. Native of the woods of Cevennes. A. platanif61ius, var. y, inter- medius, D. C. syst. 1. p. 240. Platanus-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1596. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 46 R. TERNAt\eu>, phileo, to love ; inhabitants of cold countries,) D. C. syst. l.p. 307. prod. 1. p. 44. Calyx permanent. Scapes 1-flowered. Radical leaves halbert-shaped, with the appendages rising up- wards. 1 C. APPENDICULA'TA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 107.) scape 1-flowered, very short; leaves trifid ; wedge- shaped ; sepals 5 ; pistils 8. If. . H. W. Native on humid moun- tains in the Straits of Magellan, and on subalpine hills in Terra del Fuego. C. paradoxa, Sol. mss. Forst. Lin. soc. trans. 8. p. 34. Two lateral lobes of leaves elevated in the form of appendages. Scapes length of leaves. Sepals oblong-lanceolate marcescent (f. 10.) 4ppendiculate-\eaved Marsh Marigold. PI. \ foot. 2 C. SAGITTA'TA (Cav. icon. 5. no. 456. t. 414.) scape 1- flowered ; leaves halbert-shaped, auricled ; auricles indexed ; sepals 9-10 ; pistils 25. 1J. . F. W. Native at PortEgmont, in one of the Falkland islands, and in rivulets at Success Bay in South America. C. multicapsularis, Sol. mss. Forst. Lin. soc. trans. 8. p. 324. Flowers yellow. Stamens one-half shorter than the ovate blunt sepals. Halbert-leaved Marsh Marigold. PI. ^ foot. 3 C. KAMTSCHA'TICA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 666.) scape 1-flower- ed ; leaves ovate, quite entire, somewhat 3-nerved ; outer sepals 5, inner ones deciduous ; carpels 1 -seeded. 7{.. H. Native of Kamtschatka. R. Kamchaticus, D. C. syst. 1. p. 43. prod. 1. p. 48. Flowers yellow. Perhaps Ficaria glacialis will prove to be a species of Caltha. Kamtschatka Marsh Marigold. PI. ^ foot. SECT. II. POPULA'GO (from populus, the poplar-tree, in allu- sion to the species growing in humid places among poplar-trees, or perhaps from the shape of the leaves, which they some- what resemble.) Tourn. inst. 273. t. 145. D. C. syst. 1. p. 308. prod. 1. p. 44. — Caltha, Lin. gen. no. 703. Calyx deciduous. Stems leafy. Leaves cordate or kidney-shaped, with the auricles not indexed. 4 C. PALU'STRIS (Lin. spec. 784.) stem erect ; leaves cordate, somewhat orbicular, roundly-crenate, with rounded auricles. % . H. W. Native almost throughout the whole of Europe, as well as of Western Asia and North America, in marshy meadows, and about the margins of ponds, rivers, and brooks. Fl. dan. 668. Smith, engl. bot. 506. Curt. lond. fasc. 1. t. 40. Stems dichotomous ; peduncles furrowed. Flowers large golden-co- loured, and if gathered before they expand are said to be a good substitute for capers. The juice of the petals boiled with alum stains paper yellow. Cows will not eat it, unless compelled by extreme hunger ; it is therefore a vulgar notion wholly unfounded, that the yellowness of butter in the spring is caused by this plant. Boerhaave says, that when kine eat the plant it occasions such an inflammation, that they generally die. Far. ft, multiplex ; flowers double. I/ . H. W. Cultivated in gardens. Var. y, minor (Mill. diet. no. 2.) stem generally 1-flowered, ascending. %. H. Native of the north of England and Scot- land on the tops of mountains, in marshy places. This plant in a wild state does not exceed in size the Ficaria ranunculoldes, but when cultivated it grows to the size of C. radtcans, bearing G2 11 RANUNCULACE^E. XVIII. CALTHA. XIX. TROLLIUS. two or three flowers on each stem. C. Ficaroides, Don, in Hed. stat. Forf. appendix. Common Marsh Marigold. Fl. March, April. /3. in May. Britain. PI. a, 1 foot, y, \ foot. 5 C. RIPA'RIA ; leaves broad-kidney-shaped sharply crenate- toothed ; auricles or lobes rounded, distant, coarsely-toothed ; stem erect, many-flowered. "%.. H. W. Native of Britain in several places, particularly on the banks of the river Thames in marshes. Plant large, pale green. This plant appears to be the type of the Double-flowered Caltha, cultivated in gardens. River Marsh Marigold. Fl. Ap. May. Britain. PL 1§ foot. 6 C. RADIANS (Forst. in trans. Lin. soc. 8. p. 321. t. 17.) stem creeping ; leaves triangular, somewhat cordate, sharply crenate. %. H. Native of Scotland by the sides of lakes and rivulets, near Forfar; about the Pentland hills and in Roslin woods ; more common in some spots near Edinburgh than C. palustris; in marshes near Collace, Perthshire. Smith, engl. bot. 2175. Rooting Marsh Marigold. Fl. May, Ju. Scotland. PI. £ foot. 7 C. HIMALE'NSIS (D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 195.) stem as- cending, dichotomous ; branches 2-flowered ; leaves sagittate- cordate, on long stalks, crenate, with a wide recess at the base ; lobes toothed, somewhat truncate ; sepals 6, ovate. % . H. W. Native of Nipaul at Gosaingsthan in overflowed places. C. Emoddrum, Spreng. syst. app. p. 220. Flowers deep yellow. Capsules elliptical, smooth, each with a long beak. Himmalch Marsh Marigold. Fl. Aug. PI. \ foot. 8 C. INTEGE'RRIMA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 390.) stem erect, corymbose ; leaves orbicular, cordate, quite entire, floral ones sessile, kidney- shaped, obsoletely crenate at the base ; sepals oval. If. . H. W. Native of North America in wet meadows and small rivulets, from New England to Virginia. Flowers smaller than those of C. palustris ; sepals subobovate, very blunt. 7ery-enlire-\ea\ed Marsh Marigold. Fl. May, July. PL 1 ft. 9 C. ASARIFO'LIA (D. C. syst. 1 . p. 309.) stem rather erect, 1 -flowered ; leaves cordate, kidney-shaped, crenate, with a broad recess; sepals G or 7, oval. 1£. H. W. Native of the island of Unalaschka and the Aleutian isles. Radical leaves stalked. Very like C. palustris, but smaller. Asarabacca-leaved Marsh Marigold. Fl. Ap. May. Clt. 1824. PI. J foot. 10 C. PARNASSIFO'LIA (Raf. new york. med. rep. 2. p. 351. no. 28. and in journ. bot. 1808. 1. p. 229.) stem only bearing one flower and one leaf; radical leaves stalked, lanceolate, cor- date, very blunt, many-nerved; sepals elliptical. If.. H. W. Native of North America in shady cedar swamps of New Jersey and Carolina. R. ficarioides, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 389. Ranunculus Ficaria, Walt. fl. car. 159. Flowers deep yellow, about the size of those of Ficaria. Parnassia-leaved Marsh Marigold. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1815. PI. \ to 4 foot. 11 C. LEPTOSTA'CHYA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 310. Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 22. 1. 10.) stem bearing one leaf and 1-2-flowers ; radi- cal leaves stalked, ovate, cordate, crenate, many-nerved ; sepals 10, linear or oblong. If. . H. W. Native of the western coast of North America, at a place called Prince William's Sound, and in alpine swamps on the Rocky Mountains. Capsules 8 or 10, on very short stipes, pointed. Slender-spiked Marsh Marigold. PI. 1 foot. 12 C. BIFLO'RA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 310.) stem bearing only one leaf and 2-flowers ; radical leaves stalked, kidney-shaped, cre- nate, with a very broad recess ; sepals oblong. TJ. . H. W. Native on the western coast of North America on Banks's Islands. Petioles dilated at the base into a membranous sheath. Two-flomered Marsh Marigold. PI. •£• foot. 13 C. FLABELLIFO'LIA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 390. t. 17.) stem procumbent, many-flowered ; leaves dilated, kidney-shaped, with very spreading sharply-toothed lobes ; sepals obovate ; cap- sules terminated by hooked points. If. , H. W. Native of Penn- sylvania in a large sand spring on Pokono-mountain. Flowers middle sized. Allied on one side to C. natans, and on the other to C. radicans. Fan-leaved Marsh Marigold. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1818. PL procumbent. 14 C. ARCTICA (Br. Br. in app. to capt. Parry's voy. p. 265.) stem creeping ; leaves kidney-shaped, repand-crenate, obtuse ; capsules 12-16, imbricate, with recurved beaks ; anthers linear, 20 or more. If. . H. M. Native of Melville Island and along the coast of the Arctic Sea, from long. 107° to 150°. Flowers white. Arctic Marsh Marigold. PL -j foot. 15 C. NA'TANS (Pall. itin. ed. min. 3. p. 248.) stem floating ; leaves cordate, kidney-shaped, with the lobes rather approximate, obsoletely crenate behind, and toothed in front ; sepals oval ; capsules terminated by straight beaks. If. . H. W. Native in the most eastern parts of Siberia, and about the town of Irkousk, floating in stagnant water; North America on the surface of deep spagnous bogs in the woody central districts, from Canada to lat. 60°.— Gmel. fl. sib. 4. p. 192. t. 82. Flowers white, with a tinge of red. C. Baikalensis Demidow. Floating Marsh Marigold. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1816. PL floating. Cult. Being all natives of marshes, or shallow water, they must be kept in a moist situation. C. natans requires to be planted in a pond or water cistern. All are easily increased by dividing the plants at the roots or by seeds. XIX. TRO'LLIUS (a name given to this plant by Conrad Gesner. It is derived from trol or trolen, an old German word signifying something round, in allusion to the form of the flowers, whence also the English name Globe Flower.) Lin. gen. no. 700. D. C. syst. 1. p. 311. prod. 1. p. 45. LIN. SYST. Polyandria Polygynia. Calyx of 5-1 0-1 5 deciduous, petal-like coloured sepals. Petals 5 to 20, small, linear, flattened, unilabiate. Stamens and ovaries numerous. Capsules numerous, sessile, columnar, many-seeded. Smooth, perennial, upright, slightly acrid herbs. Leaves deeply divided and cut. Referable to Ranunculus and ChrysdnUiemum in habit, but in character to Helleborus. 1 T. EUROP;EVUS (Lin. spec. 782.) sepals about 15, converging into a globe; petals from 5-10, length of stamens; leaves divided into many deep, pinnatifid, cut lobes. I/ . H. Native almost throughout the whole of Europe in shady mountain, rather moist situations. Not rare in Westmoreland, Cumber- land, Durham, Wales, and the Lowlands of Scotland. Smith, engl. bot. t. 28. Fl. dan. 133. Lois. herb. amat. t. 69. T. altis- simus, Wend. flor. 1818. p. 578. Flowers bright yellow, rather pale. The country people of Westmoreland, Scotland, and Sweden consider this as a sort of festival flower, going in parties to gather it for the decoration of their doors and apartments, as well as their persons. Var. ft, humilis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 45.) plant smaller, only bearing one flower on each stem ; flower hardly raised above the leaf. T. humilis, Crantz. austr. 2. p. 124. exclusive of synon. of Buxb. T. minimus, Wendl. 1. c. p. 579. If.. H. Native of Austria. European Globe Flower. Fl. May, Ju. Britain. PL l\ to 2 ft. 2 T. LEDEBOU RII (Rchb. icon. t. 272. ex. Spreng. syst. app. p. 220.) sepals 5-spreading ; petals 10-12, linear, longer than the stamens. If.. H. Native of Siberia. RANUNCULACEJE. XX. ERANTHUS. XXI. HELLEBORUS. Ledebour's Globe Flower. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1829. PI. 2 ft. 3 T. EMARGINA'TUS ; sepals numerous, converging into a globe ; petals linear, emarginate, almost twice as long as the stamens. I/. H. Native of? common in gardens. Flower orange. Emarginate-petaHed Globe Flower. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? PI. H to 2 feet. ' 4 T. NAPELLIFO'LIUS (Roep. in flor. 1820. p. 105.) sepals 12, converging into a globe ; petals from 5 to 10, length of stamens ; styles recurved; leaves usually 7-parted. If.. H. Native of ? T. Hindus, Wend, in flor. 1818. p. 579. Stems and branches straight or stems spreading, with recurved branches. Flowers golden-yellow. Napellus-leaved Globe Flower. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. ? PI. 2 ft. 5 T. ASIA'TICUS (Lin. spec. 782. exclusive of the synonyms of Buxb. and Tourn.) sepals 10, spreading; petals 10, longer than the stamens. If.. H. Native of Siberia in woods and meadows. About Barnaoul, and perhaps about Petersburg!!. Curt. bot. mag. t. 225. Very like T. Europeans, but the stems are usually 1 -flowered. Flowers dark yellow. Asiatic Globe Flower. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1759. PI. 1 to lift. 6 T. CAUCA'SICUS (Stev. in mem. nat. mosc. 3. p. 265.) sepals 1 0, spreading ; petals 1 0, shorter than the stamens. If. . H. Native of the eastern parts of Caucasus on Alp. Schahdaghad. LikeN. Asidticus, but the petals are shorter than the stamens. Flowers yellow. Caucasian Globe Flower. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1817. PL 1 ft. 7 T. PA'TULUS (Sal. trans. Lin. soc. 8. p. 303.) sepals 5, spreading ; petals from 1 to 5, equal in length with the stamens. "If. . H. Flowers golden-yellow. Var. a, pedunculatus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 46.) flower elevated considerably above the upper leaf. If. . H. Native of Siberia. Var. ft, subinvolucralus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 313.) flower not elevated above the upper leaf. If, . H. Native of Cappadocia on the highest mountains in places moistened by the melting of the snow. Helleborus ranuncullnus, Smith, icon. ined. 1. p. 37. t. 37. — Buxb. Cent. 1. p. 15. t. 22. Plant hardly the length of a ringer. Spreading-fiov/ered Globe Flower. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1800. PI. a 1,/Hfoot. 8 T. AMERICAVNUS (Muhl. and Gaissenh. in Bonn. cat. hort. cant.) sepals from 5-10-15, spreading; petals from 5 to 20, retuse, shorter than the stamens. "J/. H. Native of Pennsyl- vania and New York, in shady wet places on the mountains, and in alpine rivulets on the eastern declivities of the Rocky Moun- tains. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 56. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1988. T. laxus, Sal. in Lin. trans. 8. p. 303. Gaissenia verna, Raf. schm. in journ. bot. 1808. vol. 2. p. 168. Flowers pale yellow, smaller than those of the other species. Drummond affirms they' are white in the plant he discovered on the Rocky Mountains. American Globe Flower. Fl.May.Jul. Clt. 1805. PL | to | ft. 9 T. PU'MILUS (D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 1 95.) sepals roundish- oval ; petals 12, linear-lingulate, blunt, one-half shorter than the stamens; radical leaves 5-parted and jagged ; stem 1 -flowered. % . H. Native of Nipaul at Gasaingsthan. Stem almost naked, erect, smooth ; segments of leaves pinnatifid, with the lobes lan- ceolate, entire, or acutely 3-toothed. Flowers large, orange- coloured. Dwarf Globe Flower. Fl. Aug. PL ! to £ foot. Cult. Shewy border flowers. They will do well in any common garden soil, and are easily increased by dividing the plants at the root or by seeds. A shady moist situation suits them best. XX. ERANTHUS (from cpa, era, the earth, and ai/$oc, nnthos, a flower ; because the bright yellow blossoms seem to lie FIG. 11. upon the earth.) Sal. in Lin. soc. trans. 1807. vol. 8. p. 303. D. C. syst. 1. p. 314. prod. 1. p. 46.— Kollea Bir.— Robertia Merat. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Polygynia. Involucrum situated un- der the flower (f. 11. a.) cleft into many segments. Flower ses- sile (f. 11. 6.) Calyx of from 5 to 8, coloured petal-like, ob- long, deciduous sepals (f. 11. 6.) Petals from 6 to 8, tubular, very short, with an unequally two-lipped mouth (f. 11. e. ) Stamens from 20 to 30. Ovaries 5-6. Capsules on pedicels (f. 11. c.) Seeds globose, disposed in a single row. — Pretty little tu- berous rooted plants, with divided leaves, valuable for the early period at which they flower. The English name of the genus, Winter Aconite, is given to it from its time of flowering, and from the leaves resembling those of Aconite. 1 E. HYEM/Lis(Sal. in Lin. soc. trans. 8. p. 303.) sepals from 6 to 8, oblong. If.. H. Native of France, Switzerland, Italy, Austria, in humid shady places, at the bot- toms of mountains, on hills, and in groves. Helleborus hyemalis, Lin. spec. 783. Jacq. aust. t. 202. Curt, bot. mag. t. 3. Helleborus monan- thus. Moench. Flowers yellow, (f. 11.) Winter Aconite. Fl. Jan. Mar. Clt. 1596. PL | foot. 2 E. SIBI'RICUS (B.C. syst. 1. p. 315.) sepals 5, oval. TJ.. H. Native of the eastern parts of Sibe- ria, in moist places. Habit of E. hyemalis. Seeds globose, rather compressed. Flowers yellow. Siberian Winter Aconite. Fl. Mar. Ap. Clt. 1826. Pl.^ft. Cult. Winter Aconite is a well-known flower. Being a low- growing plant, it is well adapted for the front of flower borders, where it will thrive in common garden soil ; and it is increased rapidly by offsets from the tubers. XXI. HELLE'BORUS (from i\uv, helein, to cause death, and flopa, bora, food ; poisonous qualities of plants). Adans. fam. 458. Lin. gen. no. 702. Lam. ill. 499. D. C. syst. 1. p. 315. prod. 1. p. 46. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Polygynia. Calyx permanent of 5 roundish, obtuse, large sepals, which are generally green. Petals from 8-10, very short, tubular, narrowest in the lower part, nectariferous. Stamens from 30 to 60. Ovaries from 3-10; stigmas terminal, orbicular. Capsules coriaceous. Seeds oval, disposed in two rows, on a linear double notched receptacle. Fetid, stiff, coriaceous, nearly smooth herbs with divided leaves, of dangerously cathartic qualities, especially the roots. ^ 1 . Scapes leafless bearing 1 or 2 flowers. 1 H. NIGER (Lin. spec. 783.) radical leaves pedate, quite smooth ; scape leafless, bearing 1 or 2 flowers and bracteas. I/ . H. Native of woody mountains in many parts of Europe, particularly in Provence, Piedmont, Austria, Styria, Greece, &c. Jacq. aust. t. 201. Curt. bot. mag. t. 8. Woodw. med. bot. 1. p. 50. t. 18. Flower large, with a white or rose-coloured corolla-like calyx. The fibres of the root only are used in medicine. They are of a deep brown on the outside, white or yellowish-white within, and of a nau- seous and bitterish taste, exciting a sense of heat and numbness in the tongue, and of a nauseous smell. Neuman got from 2880 grains 380 alcoholic and 181 watery extract ; and inversely 362 watery and 181 alcoholic. Its active constituent seems to be of a vola- tile nature, for it loses its virtues by keeping. In large doses 46 RANUNCULACE^l. XXI. HELLEBORUS. XXII. COPTIS. Black Hellebore is a drastic purgative ; in smaller doses it is 'diuretic and emmenagogue. It has been used as a purgative in cases of mania, melancholy, coma, dropsy, worms, and psora. But its use requires very great caution, for its effects are very uncertain, and affected by many circumstances. — It may be ex- hibited in the form of an extract, although its activity be much dissipated by the preparation. An infusion and tincture certainly promise to be medicines of more uniform powers. Edin. new disp. p. 360. Black Hellebore, or Christmas Rose. Fl. Jan. Mar. Clt. 1596. PL 4 to 1 foot. § 2. Stem fen-fionered, somewhat dichotomous, bearing an almost sessile, cleft, or cut floral leaf. 2 H. ORIENTA'LIS (Gars. exot. t. 19. f. B. ex. Lam. diet. 3. p. 92.) radical leaves pedate, pubescent on the under surface ; floral leaves almost "sessile, palmate ; peduncles usually bifid ; sepals oval, coloured. If.. H. Native of the Levant on moun- tains. Plentiful on mountains about Thessalonica and near Con- stantinople. Desf. choix. pi. cor. p. 58. t. 45. H. officinalis. Sal. in Lin. trans. 8. p. 305. Smith fl. graec. t. 583. Calyx purplish, permanent ; stamens and petals soon falling off. An intermediate species between H. niger and H. viridis. This is the black hellebore of the ancients, formerly celebrated as a me- dicine in mania, epilepsy, and dropsy. It is called Zopleme by the Turks, and by the Greeks Suap^i;, and is still kept in the shops of the East. The medicinal qualities of the root are acrid and violently purgative. Eastern Hellebore. PI. 1 foot. 3 H. PURPURA'SCENS (Walds. et Kit. pi. hung. 2. p. 105. 1. 101.) radical leaves pubescent on the under surface, palmate, with the segments cuneated at the base, and from 3-5-lobed at the apex ; stem 2-flowered ; floral leaves almost sessile ; sepals roundish, coloured. I/ . H. Native of Hungary, Podolia, and Volhynia. Flowers purplish. Var.fi, Bocconi (D. C. prod. 1. p. 47.) stem longer than the leaves.— Boc. Mus. 2. p. 26. t. 11. f. R. l/.H. Native of the Apennines of Etruria. Perhaps a distinct species. Purplish Hellebore. Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 ft. 4 H. ODO'RUS (Walds. et Kit. ex Willd. enum. p. 592.) radical leaves palmate, pubescent on the under surface ; segments oblong, undivided, quite entire at the base, but serrated at the apex ; stem bifid ; sepals ovate-oblong, acutish, green. If. . H. Native of Hungary. Like H. purpurdscens and H. viridis, differing from the first in the flowers being green, not purplish. Sweet-scented Hellebore. Fl. Mar. Apr. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 ft. 5 H. VI'RIDIS (Lin. spec. 784.) radical leaves very smooth, cauline ones almost sessile, palmate ; peduncles generally bifid ; sepals roundish-ovate, green. If. . H. Native in woods and thickets, on a chalky soil, particularly in Germany, Italy, France, and England in Oxfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Sussex, and other chalk counties, indubitably wild, although not common ; near Hartfield, Middlesex, about Great Marlow and High Wickham, Bucks, and in the north-west part of Norfolk. Smith eng. bot. t. 200. Curt. lend. fasc. 6. t. 34. Jacq. aust. t. 106. Schkuhr. handb. no. 1536. t. 154. Blackw. herb. t. 509 and 510. Flowers green. Haller reckons up all the reputed virtues of Hellebore under this species ; which indeed seems to be what German prac- titioners have substituted for the true plant of the ancients H. orienlalis. We learn from the Flora Londinensis, that the roots of this plant are used in London for the true Black Hellebore ; and pro- bably their qualities are the same, for this species is even more nearly allied to the ancient Greek plant H. orientalis than the H. niger. Green Hellebore. Fl. Ap. May. Britain. PI. 1| foot. 6 H. ATRORU BENS (Walds. et Kit. pi. hung. 3. p. 301. t. 271.) radical leaves very smooth, pedate, paler and shining underneath ; cauline leaves almost sessile, palmate ; stem somewhat angular, bifidly branched ; sepals roundish, coloured. If. . H. Native of Hungary in woods and bushy places, in great plenty at Kore- nicza. Flowers dark purple, particularly the edges of the sepals. Dark-purple- flowered Hellebore. Fl. Feb. Apr. Clt. 1820. Pr. 1| foot. 7 H. DUMETO'RUM (Walds. et Kit. ex Willd. enum. p. 592.) radical leaves very smooth, pedate ; cauline leaves almost sessile, palmate ; stem round, bifidly branched ; sepals roundish, green. If. . H. Native of Hungary. Flowers green. Thicket Hellebore. Fl. Mar. Apr. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 foot. 8 H. MULII'FIDUS (Robert, de Visiani in fl. bot. zeit. 1829. p. 13.) stem tall, angular, bifid ; branches few-flowered ; radical leaves on long stalks, large, coriaceous, smooth, pedate-parted ; lobes dichotomous, with an entire cuneated base ; segments narrow, lanceolate, acuminated, sharply serrated and very veiny ; floral leaves palmate-parted almost sessile ; sepals broad, ovate. ~if. . H. Native of Dalmatia on the mountains. Resembles H. dumetorum but larger in size, and flowers more copious, but also greenish. Hellebore. Fl. April, May. PI. l|-3 feet. § 3. Stem leafy, many -flowered ; peduncles furnished with bracteas. 9 H. FOS'TIDXJS (Lin. spec. 784.) stem many-flowered, leafy ; leaves pedate, very smooth ; segments oblong-linear. If. . H. Native in thickets and waste ground on a chalky or gravelly soil, particularly in Portugal, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, France, Ger- many. England more common than H. viridis in chalky coun- ties. Smith eng. bot. 613. Woodv. med. bot. t. 19. Bull. herb. t. 71. An evergreen plant with green flowers, which are tinged with purple on the edges. The whole herb is fcetid, acrid, violently cathartic, with a nauseous taste, especially when fresh. The leaves, when dried, are sometimes given as a domestic medicine to destroy worms ; but they must be used sparingly, being so violent in their operation that many instances of their fatal effects are recorded. A dose of about 1 5 grains of the pow- der of the dried leaves is given to children, which proves gently emetic and purgative. The decoction of about a drachm of the fresh leaves being considered equal to 1 5 grains of the dry ones ; it is usually repeated on two, and sometimes three successive mornings, and seldom fails to bring away worms, if there be any in the intestinal canal. Fcetid Hellebore. Fl. Mar. Apr. Britain. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 10 H. LIVIDUS (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 272.) stem many-flowered, leafy ; leaves ternate, very smooth, glaucous on the under surface ; segments ovate, lanceolate. I/ . H. Native of Corsica. Curt. bot. mag. t. 72. H. argutifolius Viv. An ever- green plant with livid flowers, a little larger than those of H. foelidus, Var. ft, integrilobus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 47.) segments of leaves quite entire. I/ . H. H. trifolius. Mill. diet. no. 4. but not of Lin. Livid-flowered Hellebore. Fl. Jan. May. Clt. 1710. PL 1 ft. Cult. All the species of this genus will thrive well in any common garden soil, but they will grow best if planted under the shade of trees. They are easily increased by dividing the plants at the roots or by seeds. XXII. CO'PTIS (from KOTTTU, kopto, to cut, in reference to the numerous divisions of the leaves). Salisb. Lin. soc. trans. 8. p. 305. D. C. syst. 1. p. 321. prod. 1. p. 47. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Polygynia. Calyx of 5 or 6 coloured, petal-like, deciduous sepals. Petals small, cucullate. Stamens RANUNCULACE.E. XXIII. ISOPYRUM. XXIV. ENEMION. XXV. GARIDELLA. from 20 to 25. Capsules from 6 to 10, on long stalks, some- what membranous, 4-6-seeded, pointed with the style, stellately disposed. Small, smooth, stiffish, perennial tufted herbs, with divided leaves and small white flowers. 1 C. TRIFOLIA (Sal. in Lin. soc. trans. 8. p. 305.) leaves ternate, leaflets obovate, blunt, toothed, hardly 3-lobed ; scape 1 -flowered. If. . H. Native of Iceland, Norway, Greenland, Siberia, and Kamtschatka in swamps in woods, North America in cedar swamps and mountain bogs, (but according to Dr. Richardson it is found in dry sandy and mossy places) from Canada to Virginia and Labrador. Helleborus trifolius, Lin. amcen. 2. p. 355. t. 4. f. 18. Lodd. bot. cab. 173. Big. med. bot. 1. p. 60. t. 5. Anem6ne Greenlandica, Oed. fl. dan. t. 566. A small plant with white flowers and yellow roots. It is called Tissavoyanne-jaune by the French, ,all over Canada. The leaves and stalks are used by the Indians for giving a fine yellow colour to several kinds of work which they make of skins. The French dye wool, &c. yellow with this plant. The root is used about Boston in North Ame- rica as a remedy for aphthoric affections of the mouth, and also aifords an agreeable stomachic bitter infusion. Three-leaved Coptis. Fl. Ap. Jul. Clt. 1782. PL £ foot. 2 C. ASPLENIFO'LIA (Sal. in Lin. soc. trans. 8. p. 306.) leaves biternate ; leaflets rather pinnatifid, very acutely serrated ; scape 2-flowered. I/ . H. Native on the north-west coast of America and Japan. Hook fl. bor. amer. p. 23. 1. 11. Thalictrum Ja- ponicum, Thunb. in Lin. soc. trans. 2. p. 337. Willd. spec. 2. p. 1303. Flowers white, larger than those of C. trifolia. Spleenmort-leaved Coptis. PL -j foot. Cult. These pretty little plants will thrive best in a bed of peat earth, in a moist situation, or to be kept in pots and placed among other alpine plants. They may be increased by dividing the plants at the root or by seeds. XXIII. ISOPY'RUM, (from «ar£-par/>/e-floweredColumbine. Fl.May, Jul. Clt. ? PI. lift. IS A. HY'BRIDA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1221.) spurs straight, hardly incurved at the apex, longer than the petals, which are very blunt ; styles hardly exceeding the length of the stamens and petals ; sepals acute, length of petals ; stem and leaves clothed with very delicate pubescence. If.. H. Native of Si- beria. A. Sibirica, Donn, cant. ? A. speci6sa, var. a, D. C. syst. 1 . p. 336. Stem many-flowered. Flowers twice the size of those of A. Canadensis, with dark purple sepals, yellowish petals and purple spurs, which are green at the tips. Hybrid Columbine. Fl. May,Ju. Clt. 1827. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 14 A. PARVIFLORA (Ledeb. act. petrop. 1815. 5. p. 514. no. 32.) spurs straight, short, almost equal in length with the blunt petals ; stamens recurved, length of the acute sepals ; stem 2 or 3-flowered, and is as well as the leaves smooth. If. . H. Native of Siberia in woods at the river Lena. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 1 86. t. 47. Stem almost naked. Flowers blue, smaller than those of A. Canadensis. Ovaries pubescent. Small-flowered Columbine. Fl.May, July. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 ft. 15 A. ANEMONOIDES (Willd. gess. naturf. berl. 1811. t. 9. f. 6.) spurs straight, very short, equal in length with the petals ; petals thrice as short as calyx; peduncles radical, 1 -flowered, almost naked, y. . H. Native of Siberia on the Altaian moun- tains. Perhaps a variety of A. glandulbsa, according to Fischer. Flower purple ? Anemone-like Columbine. Fl. My. Ju. Clt. 1827. PI. i to | ft. Cult. All the species of Columbine are very ornamental, and deserve to be cultivated in every garden. They will thrive in any common garden soil, and are easily increased by dividing the plants at the roots or by seeds, which generally ripen in abundance. XXVIII. DELPHI'NIUM (from Be\iv, delphin, a dolphin, on account of the resemblance between the nectary of the plant, and the imaginary figures of the dolphin.) Tourn. inst. 426. t. 241. Lin. gen. no. 681. Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 310. t. 65. Lam. illust. t. 432. D. C. syst. 1. p. 340. prod. 1. p. 51.) LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Tri-Pentagynia. Calyx deciduous, petal-like, irregular, with the upper sepal drawn out below into a spur. Petals 4 ; 2 upper ones drawn out at the base into ap- pendages within the spur. — Erect branching herbs. Leaves stalked, cauline ones palmately-multifid. Flowers racemose, usually blue or violet, seldom white. The genus is called Pied d' Alouette in French, because of the long spur resembling the talon of a lark, whence also the English name Larkspur. SECT. I. CONSO'LIDA (from consolido, to reunite, because the D. consolida being formerly reputed as a most powerful vul- nerary. The name is applied to this section, because all the plants it contains resemble D. consolida?) D. C. syst. 1. p. 341. prod. 1. p. 51. Ovary one. Petals 4, connected together. Spur containing only the appendage of one of the petals. Annual herbs. 1 D. AXILLARIFLORUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 341.) stem almost simple, smoothish, with the branches hardly diverging ; flowers axillary, almost sessile ; bracteas multifid, situated under the flower. O- H. Native of the Levant. Deless. icon. sel. 1. 1. 50. Sepals oblong, acute, pale-blue. Leaves ternate or biter- nate, with multifid segments. Axillary-flowered Larkspur. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 2 D. OLIVERIA'NUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 341.) stem smooth, a little branched, with the branches hardly diverging ; flowers few, loosely racemose ; pedicels length of bracteas ; capsules smooth. O- H. Native between Bagdad and Vermancha in cultivated fields. Flowers blueish-purple, twice the size of those of D. Ajacis. Oliver's Larkspur. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825. PI. 1£ foot. 3 D. AJA'CIS (Lin. spec. 748.) stem erect, smoothish, almost simple, with the branches hardly diverging ; flowers in long dense racemes; pedicels length of bracteas; capsules pubescent. Q. H. Native of Tauria — Clus. hist. 2. p. 206. f. 1. Flowers either white, blue, rose, flesh-coloured, or purple, or variegated, with the same colours, double or single. Called Ajacis, because some traces may be perceived in the flower of what may be likened to the letters A J A. Ajax's or Rocket Larkspur. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1573. PI. li ft. 4 D. CONSO'LIDA (Lin. spec. 748.) stem erect, smoothish, with divaricating branches ; flowers few, loosely racemose ; pedicels longer than the bracteas ; capsules smooth. Native in corn- fields throughout Europe, also in Pennsylvania and Virginia. Smith, engl. bot. 1839. Fl. dan. t. 683. Lam. illust. t. 482. f. 1. D. segetum, Lam. Flowers either single or double, white, blue, red or purple, or variegated with these colours. The name is derived from consolido, to unite ; it being formerly re- puted as a most powerful vulnerary. It is said to be ingredient in those French cosmetics, which are so destructive of the sur- face of the skin. It is called Pied d' Alouette in France, and Ritlersporn in Germany. It is a common garden annual, as well as D. Ajacis. The seeds are acrid and poisonous. Uniting or Branched Larkspur. Fl. June, July. England. PI. 1 to 3 feet. 5 D. PAUCIPLORUM (D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 196.) stem erect, branched, upper part villous, the rest smooth, as well as leaves ; flowers solitary, remote, on long peduncles ; capsules smooth ? O- H. Native of Nipaul at Narainhetty. D. consolida, Hamilt. mss. Flowers violet. Spur shorter than the flower. Few-flowered Larkspur. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 6 D. PUBE'SCENS (D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 641. syst. 1. p. 343.) stem straight, pubescent, somewhat branched at the top ; flowers in loose racemes ; pedicels longer than the bracteas ; leaves and capsules pubescent. Q. .H. Native of the south of France in .corn-fields. D. consolida, Sibth and Smith, fl. graec. t. 504. D. ambiguum, Lois. not. p. 85. but not of Lin. Flowers blue. Pubescent Larkspur. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1816. PI. 2 or 3 feet. 7 D. B.IGIDUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 144.) stem erect, much branched, stiff; leaves and capsules velvety-canescent ; pedicels 3-times longer than the bracteas. Q. H. Native of the Levant. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 52. Flowers pale-purple, smaller than those of D. consolida. Stiff Larkspur. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 8 D. PUSILLUM (Labill. syr. dec. 4. p. 5. t. 2. f. 1 .) stem erect, very slender, 2-4-flowered, and is as well as the leaves pubes- cent; pedicels a little longer than the linear bracteas. O- H. RANUNCULACEjE. XXVIII. DELPHINIUM. 51 Native near Damascus at the bottom of the mountain called Dgebel-cher, D. pygmse'um, Poir. diet. 2. p. 458. Leaves pe- dately 3 or 5-cleft, with oblong or linear lobes. Flowers very few, small, of a pale-violet colour, and pubescent on the outside, with a straight awl-shaped spur. Small Larkspur. Fl. May, June. PI. 2 inches. 9 D. TENUISSIMUM (Sibth. and Smith, fl. graec. t. 505.) stem erect, slender, a little branched, and rather pubescent at the apex; pedicels much longer than the awl-shaped bracteas. Q. H. Native of Greece about Athens. Flowers small, blueish- violet ; capsules smooth. Very slender Larkspur. Fl. June, July, PI. ^ foot. 10 D. ACONITI (Lin. mant. p. 77.) stem erect, much branched, rather pubescent ; leaves pedately-multifid ; pedicels very long ; spur horizontal, incurved and cleft at the top. O- H. Native of the Dardanelles and about Damascus. Vahl. symb. 1. p. 40. t. 13. Aconitum monogynum, Forsk. cat. pi. const, p. 27. no. 248. D. incanum, Clark, in Spreng. new. entd. 3. p. 162.? Flowers livid, variegated with purple and green on the inside. Aconite-like Larkspur. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1801. PI. 1 foot. 11 D. EXSE'RTUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 345.) stem erect, branched, smooth ; leaves ternate ; segments stalked, palmately-multifid ; pedicels hardly longer than the bracteas ; spur straight ; stamens protruding. O. H. Native of the Levant. Flowers blue, very small for the size of the plant. Deless. icon. sel. t. 53. Exserted-stamened Larkspur. Fl. June, July. PI. f foot. 12 D. FLAVVUM(D. C. syst. 1. p. 346.) stem erect, branched, upper part pubescent ; leaves palmately many-parted ; pedicels distant, length of flowers ; spur straight, spreading ; stamens protruding a little; capsules cylindrical, pubescent. O- H. Native of the Levant. Deless. icon. sel. t. 54. Flowers like those of/), aconiti, but yellowish. Var. a, veluttnum (D. C. syst. 1. p. 346.) the whole plant is pubescent ; bracteoles in the middle of pedicel. Var. ft, glaucum (D. C. syst. 1. p. 346.) plant smooth at the base, but pubescent at the top ; bracteoles at the base of the pedicels. Yellow-Rowered Larkspur. Fl. June, July. PI. •§• foot. SECT. II. DELPHINE'LUJM (a dim. of Delphinium, which see). D. C. syst. 1. p. 346. prod. 1. p. 52. Ovaries 3. Petals free, smooth. Spur usually containing the appendage of one petal only. Annual plants. 13 D. AMBI'GUUM (Lin. spec. 749.) stem erect, rather velvety ; leaves 3 or 5-parted, with pinnatifid partitions ; racemes loose ; spur straight, pubescent, shorter than the calyx ; ovaries villous. Q. H. Native of Mauritania. Flowers like those of D. conso- lida, blue, pubescent on the outside. Ambiguous Larkspur. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. 2 ft. 14 D. CARDIOPE'TALUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 347.) stem erect, a little branched ; leaves smooth, ternate, with multifid segments and linear lobes, those of the branches as well as the lower brac- teas are multifid ; racemes crowded ; petals stipitate, orbicular, and cordate at the base. (•)• H. Native of the Pyrenees in valleys. D. peregrinum, Lam: — Moris, hist. 3. p. 466. sect* 12. t. 4. f. 3. Flowers dark blueish-violet. Heart-petalled Larkspur. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 ft. 15 D. ORA'CILE (D. C. syst. 1. p. 347.) stem erect, a little branched ; leaves smoothish, stiff, ternate, many-cleft, with linear lobes ; those of the branches as well as the bracteas are linear ; racemes lax ; petals stipitate, ovate, cordate at the base. O- H. Flowers pale blue, variegated with white. Var. a, glabrum(Y). C. 1. c.) stem and leaves smooth. (•)• H. Native of Andalusia in Spain. Var. fl, veluttnum (D.C. syst. 1. p. 348.) stem and leaves vel- vety-pubescent. Q. H. Native of Spain about Aranjuez. Weak Larkspur. Fl. June, July. PL 1 foot. 16 D. JU'NCEUM (D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 641. syst. 1. p. 348.) stem erect, much branched ; leaves smooth, stiff, lower ones multifid, those of the branches as well as the bracteas are linear and en- tire ; racemes lax ; petals stipitate, elliptical. Q. H. Native of Italy near Nice, Sicily, Tunis near Sfax, and all the islands in the Archipelago ; in rugged sunny places and fields. D. pere- grinum. Lin. spec. 749. All. pedem. no. 1508. t. 25. f. S. Smith graec. t. SO1?. Flowers blueish-violet ; petals variegated with white. Var. fl, subvelutlnum (D.C. syst. 1. p. 348.) stem and leaves velvety-pubescent. Q. H. Native on Mount Lebanon. Rush Larkspur. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1629. PL i to 1 foot. 17 D. FoRSK(EvLn (Rchb. ill. t. 5.) stem erectish, dwarf, a little branched, downy ; lower leaves 3-toothed, upper ones linear, acute, all sessile and puberulous ; racemes loose, few-flowered ; lower petals obovate-lanceolate. Q. H. Native of the Darda- nelles. D. grandiflorum, Forsk. fl. seg. arab. p. 212. Stem white with down and curled hairs above ; branches and branch- lets terminated by 1-3-flowers, bearing 2 small bracteas in the middle of each peduncle. Flowers a little larger than those of D. peregrinum, of a violet colour ; young ones puberulous. Capsules 3, pubescent. Forskol's Larkspur. Fl. June, July. PL 4- foot. 18 D. NA'NUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 349.) stem erectish, dwarf, and is, as well as leaves, velvety-pubescent ; lower leaves 3 or 5-lobed, upper ones linear ; racemes loose, 2 or 3-flowered ; lower petals orbicular. Q. H. Native about Alexandria in sandy places and of the Dardanelles. D. peregrinum. Delile, ill. fl. aegypt. 1 7. but not of Lin. Like D. junceum, var. fl. Flowers blueish-violet, with whitish petals, large for the size of the plant. Dwarf Larkspur. FL June, July. PL -j to -| foot. 19 D. HALTERA'TUM (Sibth. and Smith, fl. graec. t. 507.) stem erect, branched ; leaves smooth, many-parted ; lower floral ones trifid, upper ones entire ; racemes loose ; petals spreading, lower ones stipitate, orbicular. O- H. Native of Sicily. Flowers blueish-purple. Like D. junceum. Small-winged Larkspur. Fl. June, July. PL 1 foot. 20 D. VIRGATUM (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 458.) stem erect, branch- ing from the base ; leaves smooth, lower ones trifid with toothed lobes, those of the branches and flowers entire and acute ; racemes loose ; lower petals stipitate, ovate. Q . H. Native of Syria. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 55. Herb pale green. Flowers blueish- purple. Twiggy Larkspur. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1823. PL 1 foot. 21 D. MACROPE'TALUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 350.) stem erect, much branched ; leaves smooth, membranous, lower ones pal- mately-multifid, upper ones linear, very acute ; racemes loose ; lower petals stipitate, ovate. 0. H. Native of the north of Africa about Mogador. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 55. Flowers blueish-violet. Long-petalled Larkspur. Fl. June, July. PL 1 to 2 feet. 22 D. OBCORDATUM (D. C. syst. It p. 350.) stem erect, branched : leaves smooth, cauline ones 3-lobed, with the lobes somewhat bifid ; branch and floral leaves entire, acute ; racemes loose; lower petals stipitate, obcordate. Q. H. Native of Barbary. Flowers blue, distant from each other. O&eorctae-petalled Larkspur. Fl. June, July. PL 14 foot. 23 D. TRIBRACTEOLAVTUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 350.) stem erect, branched ; lower leaves palmately-lobed ; racemes loose ; pe- dicels bearing 3 bracteas; lower petals stipitate, orbicular, cordate at the base. O- H. Native of Barbary. Flowers middle-sized, blue, with a straight spur, which is about 4 lines long. Three-bracted-pe&\ce\\eA Larkspur. Fl. June, July. PL 1 foot. H 2 52 RANUNCULACEJE. XXVIII. DELPHINIUM. SECT. III. DELPHINA'STRUM (an alteration from Delphinium, which see). D. C. syst. 1. p. 351. prod. 1. p. 53. Ovaries 3 or 5. Petals free, lower ones usually bifid with a bearded disk. Spur elongated, containing the appendages of two petals. Perennial plants, they are usually called Bee Larkspur, because the bearded petals resemble a Bee. § 1 . Limb of lower petals entire. 24 D. GRANDIFI.6RUM (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 531. ed. 2. p. 749. Richb. ill. t. 12.) leaves palmately-many-parted into distant linear lobes ; pedicels longer than the bracteas ; petals shorter than the calyx, two lower ones somewhat orbicular, with obliquely inflexed, entire borders ; racemes spreading, few-flowered, diverging. I/ . H. Native of Siberia near the Volga, and in Dauria, about Oulcapin, &c. Sims, bot. mag. 1686. D. virgatum, Jacq. fil. — Mill. icon. t. 250. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 187. t. 78. Flowers either double or single, large, blue, and the intermediate shades to white. A very ornamental plant. Var. ft, Chinense (Fisch. in litt. Lod. bot. cab. t. 71. Rchb. ill. t. 13.) stem stiff, straight; racemes many-flowered, lateral ones erectish ; lower petals suborbicular ; colour of flowers easily changed by cultivation. I/ . H. Native of China. Flowers blue and the intermediate shades to white, with the two lower petals bearded with yellow hairs. A very ornamental plant. Var. y, Fischeri (Rchb. ill. t. 14.) racemes many-flowered, lateral ones twiggy, erectish ; petals quadrate-oblong, two lower ones obovate. 7/.H. Native of China. Flowers pinkish-purple. Great-flowered Larkspur. Fl.Ju. Sep. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 to 2 ft. •25 D. CHEILA'NTHUM (Fisch. in litt. D. C. syst. 1. p. 352.) stem erect, branched ; leaves 5-parted, with oblong, acuminated, subtrifid and somewhat toothed lobes ; petals shorter than the calyx, two lower ones with obliquely inflexed, ovate, entire limbs ; capsules reticulately-painted, pubescent. I/ . H. Native of Dauria about Doroninsk. Ker. bot. reg. t. 473. Schrank. pi. rar. 52. with a figure. D. Dahuricum. Stev. ined. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 1 87. t. 76. Flower size and colour of those of D. grandiflorum. Lip-flowered Larkspur. Fl. Ju. Sep. Clt. 1819. PL 2to3ft. 26 D. VIRE'SCENS (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 14.) stem simple, pubescent ; leaves on long footstalks, 3 or 5-parted, with linear subtrifid segments ; racemes few-flowered ; spur longer than the flower. 2/ . H. Native of North America in the plains of the Missouri. Flowers greenish ? Gree»/*A-flowered Larkspur. Fl. June, Sept. PI. 2 feet. % 2. Limb of lower petals bifid. 27 D. PUNI'CEUM (Pall. voy. 8. p. 327. no. 336. Lin. fil. suppl. 267.) petioles dilated and sheathing at the base ; leaves many-parted, even to the base, into linear lobes ; recemes elon- gated ; spur straight, blunt, rather longer than the pedicel, but shorter than the flower. If. . H. Native in the arid desert of Tartary about the Volga, &c. Flowers dark purple, pubescent on the outside. Var. ft, Damcecbrnu, segments of leaves stalked, with diverging lanceolate lobes. If. . H. — Gmel. sib. 4. t. 77 ? Flowers larger than in var. a. Scarlet Larkspur. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1785. PI. 1 foot. 28 D. ALBIFLO'RVM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 353.) petioles dilated and sheathing at the base ; leaves many-parted, with linear lobes ; racemes elongated, crowded ; bracteas membranous, broad-lan- ceolate ; spur straight, blunt, rather longer than the pedicel. I/. H. Native of Armenia. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 58. Flowers like those of D. puniceum, but white, and smooth on the outside. White-flonered Larkspur. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. 3 ft. 29 D. OCHROLEU'CUM (Stev. diss. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 54. syst. 1. 546.) petioles dilated and sheathing at the base ; leaves many-parted, with linear awl-shaped segments; racemes short; spur acute, longer than the flower ; capsules smooth. If. . H. Native of Iberia. D. puniceum, var. Bieb. fl. taur. cauc. 2. p. 13. Flowers white or cream-coloured, pubescent on the outside. Cream-coloured-flowered Larkspur. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1817. PI. 2 feet. 30 D. HY'BRIDUM (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1229.) petioles dilated and sheathing at the base ; leaves many-parted, with linear lobes ; racemes crowded ; spur straight, longer than the flower. If. . H. Native of Tauria and Caucasus. D. hirsutum, Pers. ench. 2. p. 81. Lower part of plant smooth, upper part velvety-pubes- cent. Flowers blue, with the two lower petals bearded with white hairs. Var. ft, fissum (Waldst. et Kit. pi. hung. 1. p. 83. t. 81.) racemes elongated ; lobes of lower petals narrower and longer than in var. a. Tf.. H. Native of Hungary near Walachia in bushy places. Flowers darker blue than those of var. a. Hybrid Larkspur. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1794. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 31 D. VELUTI'NUM (Bert. exc. p. 12.) petioles dilated and sheathing at the base ; leaves 5-parted, multifid, with linear lobes ; racemes loose, and are, as well as the stems, clothed with very soft down ; spur curved ; lower bracteas longer than the flowers. If. . H. Native of Italy on the mountains. D. hybridum var. y. D. C. syst. 1. p. 554. Flowers blue. Var. ft, D. orientale perenne aconiti folio, flore caeruleo. Tourn. cor. 30. I/ . H. Native of Armenia. Velvety Larkspur. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. 3-4 feet. 32 D. PENTA'GYNUM (Lam. diet. 2. p. 264.) petioles dilated and sheathing at the base ; lower leaves 5-lobed, with the lobes cut and bluntish at the apex : upper leaves 5-parted, many-cleft into linear lobes ; petals shorter than the calyx. If. . H. Native in corn-fields at Algiers, on cretaceous hills in Portugal, also Gibraltar. Desf. atl. 1. p. 427. t. 111. Herb branched, vel- vety, or smooth at the bottom. Flowers large, blue or violet. Five-styled Larkspur. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819. PL 1 to 2 ft. 33 D. MENSIESII (D. C. syst. 1. p. 355.) petioles hardly di- lated at the base ; leaves 5-parted, with trifid entire linear lobes ; bracteas trifid ; root grumose. If. . H. Native of the north- west coast of America, Kotzebue's Sound, Puget Sound, Colum- bia River, and in California. D. tuberosum. Menz. MSS. Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1192. Flowers about the size and colour of those of D. grandiflorum, pubescent on the outside, with a straight spur. Menzies's Larkspur. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. PL 1 to 2 ft. 34 D. E'LEGANS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 355.) petioles hardly di- lated at the base ; leaves smooth, 5-parted, with 3-5-cleft lobes, and linear-lanceolate acute lobules ; racemes loose, few-flowered ; petals shorter than the calyx ; spur curved, shorter than the sepals. 1£ . H. Native of North America ? Flower beautiful dark-blue, smaller than those of D. grandiflorum. Var. ft, multiplex. Flower double, of a beautiful dark-blue colour. Moris, fl. consp. t. 43. D. grandiflora flore pleno, Hort. This has been long known in the gardens under the name of Double Larkspur. Elegant Larkspur. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1741. PL 1J foot. 35 D. AMCENUM (Stev. ined. D. C. syst. 1. p. 546.) petioles hardly dilated at the base ; leaves pubescent underneath, 5-parted, with lanceolate pinnatifid lobes, and linear acute lobules ; racemes branched ; petals shorter than the calyx ; spur straight. If. . H. Native of Siberia. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 187. t. 77. exclusive of the synonym of Amman. Flowers beautiful blue. Pleasing Larkspur. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. PI. 2 or 3 ft. 36 D. TRICO'RNE (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 314.) petioles smooth, hardly dilated at the base ; leaves 5-parted, with 3-5- cleft lobes, and linear lobules ; petals shorter than the calyx ; capsules 3, reflexed, arched, spreading from the base. l/.H. Na- tive of North America on the sides of shady and fertile hills, on RANUNCULACE^E. XXVIII. DELPHINIDM. 53 the banks of rivers from Virginia to Carolina ; particularly plen- tiful about Harper's Ferry on the Potowmac, Virginia. A small plant with beautiful blue flowers. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 59. Var. ft, multiflorum (D. C. syst. 1. p. 356.) plant much more pubescent ; flowers from 1 5 to 20 in dense racemes. Three-horned Larkspur. Fl. May, June. PL -J foot. 87 D. SI'MPLEX (Doug. MSS. in Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 25.) petioles dilated at the base ; leaves 3-parted, profoundly jagged, with linear lobes, and are pubescent as well as the stems ; ra- cemes strict, almost simple ; petals bearded ; spur straight, longer than the limb. If . H. Native of North America on the sub- alpine range, west of the Rocky Mountains near the Columbia, plentiful. Allied to Z). azureum, but that has the leaves smooth, the racemes shorter, and the flowers with a much smaller spur, which is curved inwards. Flowers deep blue. Simple-stemmed Larkspur. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1826. PL 3 ft. 38 D. AZU'REUM (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 314.) petioles hardly dilated at the base ; leaves 3-5-parted, many-cleft, with linear lobes ; racemes straight ; petals all bearded at the apex, lower ones very villous. If . H. Native of North America on the borders of woods in a sandy soil, from Carolina to Georgia. On the banks of the Missouri and Mississippi. Flowers large, beautiful sky-blue. Sky-blue Larkspur. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1 805. PL 3 feet. 39 D. EXALTA'TUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol.2, p. 244.) pe- tioles not dilated at the base ; leaves flat, cleft into 3-5-7-parts beyond the middle, with wedge-shaped lobes which are trifid or jagged, and acuminated at the apex ; racemes straight ; spur straight, length of the calyx. If.. H. Native of North Ame- rica in rocky shady places in the mountains of Virginia and Ca- rolina and on the Rocky Mountains. D. tridactylum, Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 314. Flowers blue, middle sized, sometimes white. Exalted or Bee Larkspur. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1758. PL 3 to 6 feet. 40 D. CRCEOLA'TUM (Jacq. coll. 1. p. 153. icon. rar. 1. 1. 101.) petioles not dilated at the base ; leaves concave, cleft beyond the middle into three, with wedge-shaped lobes, which are cut and acuminated at the apex ; racemes straight ; spur straight, rather longer than the calyx. If. . H. Native of North America ? Sims, bot. mag. t. 1791. Upper part of stem smooth, lower part pubescent. Flowers blue, suffused with red, not pure blue. Urceolate-leaved Larkspur. FL Ju. Jul. Clt. 1801. PL 5 feet. 41 D. REVOLU TUM (Desf. cat. h. par. ed. 2. p. 148.) petioles not dilated at the base ; leaves orbicular, cordate, 5-cleft, with cut, acute, deflexed lobes ; pedicels furnished with 3 bracteas ; ovaries smooth. l/.H. Native? Stem fistular, mealy. Flowers pale blue with brown petals. Revolute-\eaved Larkspur. Fl. June, July. PL 4 or 5 feet. 42 D. MESOLEU'CUM (Link. enum. hort. berl. 2. p. 80.) leaves rather dilated at the base, with wedge-shaped segments, which are deeply serrated at the top ; upper part of the stem as well as the peduncles pubescent. Native of? Moris, fl. consp. t. 25. Flowers blue, with pale yellow or whitish petals. Middle-white-fioweTed Larkspur. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822. PL 3 feet. 43 D. PALMATI'FIDUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 358.) petioles not di- lated at the base ; leaves ciliated, 5-cleft, somewhat truncate at the base, with the lobes cut at the apex : upper leaves of 3 entire trifid lobes ; with the nerves hairy underneath ; bracteoles, cap- sules, and calyxes smooth. If. . H. Native of Siberia. Flowers blue, with brownish petals. Var. a, hupidum (D. C. syst. 1. p. 358.) stems hispid with spreading hairs ; pedicels smoothish. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 187. t. 79. Var. ft, glabellum (D. C. 1. c.) stem almost smooth ; pedicels rather hispid with spreading hairs. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 187. t. 75. ? Palmate-cleft-lewed Larkspur. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. PL 2 or 3 feet. 44 D. INTERMEDIUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 1. p. 243.) petioles not dilated at the base ; leaves cordate, 5-7-cleft, upper ones 3-lobed, with all the lobes deeply serrated; pedicels, brac- teoles, calyxes and ovaries smooth. 1£ . H. Native of Silesia, Hungary, Switzerland, and the Pyrenees, in alpine valleys. Flowers blue. D. elatum, Lin. ? x Var. a, pilosissimum (D. C. syst. 1. p. 358.) stem very hairy; leaves villous, with the nerves on the upper surface pilose ; ra- cemes branched. If.. H. Native of Siberia. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 167. t. 80.? Var. ft, alplnum (Waldst. et Kit. pi. hung. 3. p. 273. t. 246.) stem almost smooth ; leaves pubescent ; racemes branched, "if. . H. Native of Hungary. — Clus. hist. 2. p. 94. f. 2. Var. y, leptostctchyum (D. C. syst. 1. p. 359.) stem and pe- tioles smooth ; leaves pubescent ; racemes short and simple. If. . H. Native of the Pyrenees. D. intermedium, Lapeyr. abr. p. 304. ? Var. S, ranunculifdlium (D. C. syst. 1. p. 359.) stem smooth ; petioles pilose ; leaves pubescent ; racemes simple, lax. T(. . H. Native of Switzerland. Var. E, Idxum (D.C.I, c.) stem and leaves smooth, with acutely cut lobes : racemes lax, branched. If. H. — Mill. icon. t. 119. Intermediate Larkspur. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1 710. PL 4 to 8 ft. 45 D. CUNEA'TUM (Stev. diss. ined. D. C. syst. 1. p. 359.) pe- tioles not dilated at the base ; leaves wedge-shaped at the base, 5-7-lobed, with the lobes cut and acute ; racemes lax, branched ; bracteas and calyxes smooth ; capsules rather pubescent. I/ . H. Native of Russia at the lower Volga. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 61. Ker. bot. reg. 327. D. hybridum, Lin. herb. D. azureum. hort. D. elatum ft, Lam. diet. 2. p. 265. Flowers beautiful blue, with brownish petals, two lower petals bearded with yel- low hairs. Var. ft, pubiflorum, (D. C. prod. 1. p. 55.) pedicels, bracteoles, calyxes and younger capsules velvety with fine dense down. y. . H. Native about Saratof. Wedge-leaved Larkspur. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1816. PL 3 or 4 ft. 46 D. VILLO'SUM (Stev. in litt. hort. dorp. D. C. prod. 1. p. 53.) petioles hardly dilated at the base; leaves smooth, cu- neated at the base, 3-5 -lobed, with the lobes cut and acute; ra- cemes lax ; pedicels bracteate, and are, as well as capsules, villous; spur straight. If.. H. Native of? Flowers blue. An intermediate plant between D. cuneatum and D.dyctiocdrpum. Villous Larkspur. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. PL 4 or 6 feet. 47 D. DYCTIOCA'RPUM (D.C. syst. 1. p. 360.) petioles not di- lated at the base ; leaves 5-7-lobed ; lobes, oblong, acute, and deeply pinnatifid ; upper leaves somewhat 3-parted, with narrow entirish lobes ; racemes lax, branched ; bracteas and calyxes smooth ; capsules reticulated, with the keel and margin ciliated. 11 . H. Native of Siberia. Habit of D. elatum or D. cuneatum. Flowers beautiful blue with brown petals, two lower petals hispid, with yellow hairs. Spur straight. A smooth plant. Netted -capsuledLarkspur. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1817. P1.4or6ft. 48 D. LAXIFLO'RUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 360.) petioles not dilated at the base ; leaves 3-7-lobed, with the lobes oblong, acute, and deeply pinnatifid : upper leaves somewhat 3-parted, with narrow, entire lobes ; racemes loose, branched ; bracteoles and ovaries pubescent. 1£. H. Native of Siberia. Stems hispid at the bottom. Flowers blue. Lax-flowered Larkspur. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PL 4 or 6 feet. 49 D. MONTA NUM (D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 641. syst. 1. p. 360.) petioles not dilated at the base ; leaves pubescent, 5-lobed, lobes wedge-shaped at the base, .but trifid and cut at the apex ; ra- cemes simple ; bracteas, calyxes, and capsules pubescent ; spur bent inwards. If.. H. Native of the Pyrenees and the Alps of RANUNCULACE^E. XXVIII. DELPHINIUM. XXIX. ACONITUM. Provence, Piedmont, and Switzerland. D. hirsutum, Roth. Beitr. 88. D. elatum, All. pedem.no. 1504. D. elatum, var. a, Lam. diet. 2. p. 265. D. intermedium, Lois. not. p. 86. Herb velvety, with down. Flowers blue, pubescent. Var. /3, bracteosum (D. C. syst. 1. p. 361.) lower bracteas longer than the flowers ; petals all bearded at the top. I/ . H. Native on the Alps about Barcelonne. A more luxuriant plant than var. a. Mountain Larkspur. Fl. June. July. Clt. 1816. PI. 4 to 6 ft. 50 D. DASYCA'RPUM (Stev. ined. D. C. syst. 1. p. 547.) pe- tioles not dilated at the base ; leaves pubescent, 5-lobed ; lobes lanceolate, somewhat trifid, deeply toothed at the apex ; racemes simple, pubescent ; pedicels thrice as long as the bracteas ; sepals rather villous, twice as long as the petals ; spur straight. Tj. . H. Native of Caucasus about Nartsa. Flowers a little larger than those of D. montanum, of a beautiful blue, with dark brown petals. Capsules pubescent. Thick-capsuled Larkspur. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819. PI. 4 or 6 ft. 51 D. CARE'LA (Hamilt. mss. D.Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 195.) petioles not dilated at the base ; leaves 5-lobed, hairy, with deeply-lobed wedge-shaped segments ; bracteas and calyxes pilose; spurs curved, obtuse, length of pedicels ; capsules smooth. I/ . H. Native of Nipaul at Narainhetty. D. scabriflorum, D. Don. in Wern. mem. 3. p. 412. Stem pilose towards the top. Racemes straight, few-flowered. Flowers of a dirty-blue colour. Capsules 3. Carela is the name of the plant in Nipaul. Carela Larkspur. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 4 feet. 52 D. 8PECi6suM (Bieb. fl. taur. cauc. 2. p. 12.) petioles not dilated at the base; leaves pubescent, 5-lobed; lobes deeply serrated ; bracteas lanceolate, villous, clammy ; spur curved ; capsules smooth. I/ . H. Native of Caucasus on Alp Krais- chaur. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 62. Flowers blue, with dark- brown petals, the two lower ones bearded with yellow hairs in the disk and white hairs on the margins. Shervy Larkspur. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. PL 2 to 4 feet. 53 D. FLEXUOSUM (Bieb. fl. taur. cauc. 2. p. 12.) petioles not dilated at the base ; leaves 5-lobed ; lobes cut ; stem flexuous, and is as well as petioles hairy ; bracteas linear ; capsules smooth. l/.H. Native of Caucasus and Iberia. Trev. delp. obs. p. 15. t. 1 and 2. f. a. b. c. and d. D. ciliatum, suppl. enum. hort. dorp. 1811. ex Stev. Stems reddish, and furnished with a few white hairs. Flowers smaller than those of D. speciosum, blue, with dark-brown petals. Flexuous-stemmed Larkspur. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 3 or 4 feet. 54 D. TRISTE (Fisch. in litt. D. C. syst. 1. p. 362.) petioles not dilated at the base ; leaves 3-5-parted ; lobes narrow, some- what pinnatifid, acute ; upper leaves 3-parted, with entire lobes ; racemes loose ; capsules pubescent. Tj. . H. Native of Dauria and Siberia. D. obscurum, Stev. diss. ined. Flowers dark- brown, suffused with a little red at the edges of the sepals, and with a somewhat violaceous spur, (Fisch.) but according to Steven, they are dark-purple ; they smell somewhat like bugs. fed-coloured Larkspur. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1819. PL 2 ft. SECT. IV. STAPHISA'GRIA (ora^ie, staphis, a bunch of dry raisins ; aypta, agria, wild, in allusion to the dry wrinkled seed bearing some resemblance to a dry raisin.) C. and J. Bauh. D. C. syst. 1. p. 362. prod. 1. p. 56. Ovaries from 3 to 5. Petals free. Spur short, containing the appendages of two petals. Capsules ventricose. Seeds few, large, rather globose. — Bien- nials. 55 D. RE«UIEVNII (D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 642. syst. 1. p. 362.) spur almost as long as the calyx ; bracteas inserted on the mid- dle of the pedicels. $ . H. Native of the Stoechades Islands Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 63. Lower part of herb smooth, or scarcely pubescent, upper part hispid with long crowded spread- ing hairs. Leaves on long stalks, lower ones cleft into 5 broad cuneated 3-5-toothed lobes, upper ones divided into 5-linear entire lobes. Flowers blueish, hispid. Aden's Larkspur. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PL li foot. 56 D. PICTUM (Willd. enum. 574.) spur about the length of the calyx ; bracteas inserted at the base of the pedicels ; petioles pubescent ; pedicels hardly longer than the flowers. $ . H. Native of the south of Europe. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 123. D. staphysagria, Woodv. med. bot. t. 154. D. maritimum, Cav. Differing from D. pictum in the leaves being 5-7-cleft, usually variegated with white ; racemes more crowded, and the pedicels longer. Flowers lead-coloured, or variegated with white. The seeds of this plant, as well as the preceding, possess the same medical qualities as D. staphysagria. Painted-leaved Larkspur. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt. 1800. PL 1 to 2 ft. 57 D. MixiUM (Lois. fl. gen. fr. pt. 2.) spur short, hooked ; bracteas inserted at the base of the pedicels ; flowers large, longer than the pedicels ; leaves sub-5-lobed ; lobes entire. $ . H. Native of Provence. Flowers blue, variegated with white. Mixed Larkspur. FL June, July. PL 2 feet. 58 D. STAPHYSA'GRIA (Lin. spec. 750.) spur very short; bracteoles inserted at the base of the pedicels ; petioles hairy ; pedicels twice as long as flower. $ . H. Native among rubbish in the south of Europe and Teneriffe. Smith fl. graec. 508. — Trag. stirp. p. 902.— Bauh. hist. 3. p. 641 and 642. f. 1. Cam. epit. 947. A large erect herb. Leaves 5-9-cleft. Flower lax blue, with whitish petals. The seeds are usually brought from Italy. They are large and rough, of an irregular triangular figure, of a blackish colour on the outside and yellowish within ; they have a disagreeable smell, and a very nauseous bitterish- burning taste. A new alkaloid, called Delphmm, is obtained from the seed in the usual manner, either by boiling the decoc- tion with pure magnesia, separating the fluid by filtration, and boiling the residium with alcohol, which lets fall as it cools the alkaloid in white flakes ; or by acting upon the bruised seeds by diluted sulphuric acid, and adding sub-carbonate of potass, which precipitates the alkaloid. Delphinia is soluble in alcohol and ether, sparingly so in water, saturates acids, and is precipitated by alkalies. Its salts rarely form regular crystals, but a hard transparent mass. — Stavesacre was employed by the ancients as a cathartic, but it operates with so much violence both upwards and downwards, that its internal use has been for some time almost laid aside. It is chiefly employed in external applications for some kinds of cutaneous eruptions, and for destroying lice and other insects ; insomuch that from this virtue it has received its name in different languages. Stavesacre or Lousewort Larkspur. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1596. PI. 2 or 3 feet. N.B. D. VERDUE'NSE of Balbis, a native of Gascony, we are not acquainted with. It may probably prove a synonym of one or other of the species above. Cult. All the species of Larkspur are very ornamental border flowers, and will grow in any common garden soil. The herba- ceous perennial species are increased by dividing the plants at the roots or by seeds. The biennial and annual species only re- quire to be sown in the open border, where they will flower and seed freely. The perennial species of Delphinium are very apt to mix with each other in the gardens, and on that account very few of the unadulterated species are to be met with in cultiva- tion, most of them being hybrids. XXIX. ACONI'TUM (said to be derived from Acma, a town in Bithynia : some species grow plentiful there.) Town. RANUNCULACE^E. XXIX. ACONITUM. 55 inst. 1. p. 424. t. 239 and 240. Lin. gen. no. 682. D. C. syst. 1. p. 364. prod. 1. p. 56. Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 1 15. Rchb. Uebers. p. 13. illus. gen. Aeon, atque. Delp. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Tri-Pentagynia. Calyx of 5 petal-like, irregular, deciduous or marcescent sepals, with the upper sepal concave and helmet-shaped. Petals 2 (or hollow nectaries), hidden within the helmet, on long stalks, expanded into a hollow inverted tube at the apex, drawn out at the ends into a spur, which is either straight, hooked, or twisted. — Herbaceous peren- nial herbs, with tuberous, fibrous Or napiform roots, and palmate- parted leaves, with the partitions deeply toothed or multifid. Racemes terminal, with 1 -flowered pedicels rising from the axils of the bracteas, each furnished with two bracteoles. Flowers large, irregular, yellow, cream-coloured, blue or white, or mixed with these colours. The species are all poisonous ; the root is the most powerful part. This genus is called in English Monks-hood and Wolfs-bane ; the former from the shape of the flower ; the latter from the poi- sonous quality of the plants. SECT. I. ANTHOROIDEA (applied to this section because the plants it contains agree with A. Anthora, a syncope of Anti-thorn, that is to say, counter-poison.) Rchb. uebers. .p. 13. Sect. 1. Anthora, D. C. syst. 1. p. 364. Calyx permanent. Petals (nec- taries) supine, somewhat hooked, lip obcordate, tapering into the pedicel. Stamens smoothish. Capsules 5, erect. Helmet arched. Flowers Cream-coloured, sometimes variegated with blue. Leaves palmately cut into linear lobes. Roots napiform. 1 A. ANTHOKA (Lin. spec. 751. Rchb. ill. t. 59.) spur refract- ed ; germens equally pubescent. "Jf.. H. Native of the Pyrenees, Switzerland, Hungary, Italy, &c. A ochroleucum, Salisb. — Lob. Stirp. ed. 1576. p. 385. — Clus. hist. V. p. 98. — Barrel, icon. 609, &c. Flowers pale yellow. This species was formerly made use of in medicine, and recommended as an antidote to the poisonous species : whence by some writers it is called Anthora and Antithora, the poisonous ones having been named Thora. The taste of the root is sweet, with a mixture of bitterness and acrimony. The smell is pleasant. It purges vehemently when fresh, but loses its qualities when dried ; it is disused in the present practice ; and is certainly poisonous, but perhaps in a less degree than those of the other sections. Haller regards it as one of the most dangerous. Var. ft, grandiflbrum (Rchb. uebers. p. 15. aeon. p. 63. t. 1. f. B.) panicle flowers and fruit pubescent; flowers yellow, large ; helmet rather conical. "%. . H. Native of the Alps of Jura, &c. Var. y, eulophum (Rchb. uebers. p. 15. aeon. p. 69. t. 5.) panicles and flowers puberulous ; helmet conical ; flowers yel- low. If,. H. Native of Caucasus and the Alps of Jura, &c. Var. B, Decandollii (Rchb. uebers. p. 16. aeon. p. 67. t. 3.) panicle and flowers pubescent ; helmet rather conical, bent, with a short, abrupt, and acuminated beak. Lobes of leaves rather broad, and are as well as the stem dark green. I/ . H. Native of the mountains of Gavarn and at Port Espagne in the Pyrenees. A. Anthora ft, atrovirens, D. C. syst. 1. p. 366. Flowers yellow. Far. c, nemorbsum (Bieb. ex Rchb. uebers. p. 16. aeon. p. 71. t. 6. f. *) panicle and flowers pubescent ; helmet somewhat co- nical, bent, beak short. Lobes of leaves broad. Flowers yellow. If. . H. Native of Siberia and Caucasus. A. tuberosum, Patrin, A. Anthora c), latilobum, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 131. Var. £, glabriflbrum (Rchb. uebers. p. 15.) flowers smooth, yellow. I/. H. Native of the Eastern Pyrenees in the valley called d' Eynes. Var. K, Jacquinii (Rchb. uebers. p. 17. aeon. p. 65. t. 2.) flowers smooth ; helmet somewhat conical, drawn out into an elongated beak; flowers yellow. If,. H. Native of Austria and the Pyrenees. A. Anthora, Jacq. austr. t. 382. y, Jacquiu- i&num, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 131. Var. \, inclinatum (Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 131. t. 15. f. 2.) panicle flowers and fruit pubescent ; helmet high, conical, with an incumbent beak ; flowers yellow. If. . H. Native of the Alps of Jura. Var. 0, multicucullatum (Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 132. t. 16.) lateral petals cucullate ; lateral sepals helmet-shaped. If.. H. Native of the Alps of Jura. Counter-poison Aconite. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1596. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 2 A. PALL^ASII (Rchb. uebers. p. 18. aeon. p. 72. t. 6. f. A. ill. t. 60.) spur continuous. If.. H. Native of Siberia. A. An- thora, Pall. Bieb. Flowers yellow, and are as well as the fruit pubescent. Pallas's Aconite. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 3 A. AHTHOROIDEUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 366. Rchb. uebers. p. 19. aeon. p. 68. t. 4. ill. t. 61.) spur refracted ; germens bearded. ^.H. Native of Siberia. A. Anthora, Bieb. ? Pall. ? Panicle flowers and fruit pubescent. Var. ft, versicolor ; flowers smoothish, yellow variegated with blue ; helmet low, rather conical. If.H. Native of Iberia. A. Anthora, var. versicolor, Stev. ined. Anthora-like Aconite. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. 1 to 2 ft. SECT. II. NAPELLOI'DEA (a name applied to this section on account of the plants it contains agreeing in character with A. Napellus, which is derived from napus, a turnip, on account of the form of the roots, they having the appearance of little black turnips.) Rchb. uebers. p. 13. Sect. IV. Napellus, D. C. syst. 1 . p. 371. prod. 1. p. 62. Calyx deciduous. Petals (nectaries) supine, obtuse or capitate, with a bifid lip. Stamens pilose. Capsules usually 3 (rarely 2 to 7) young ones diverging. Pe- duncles nodding. Helmet convex, hemispherical or arched (se- micircular, rarely navicular, D. C.) Lobes of leaves cuneate, bipinnate. Roots tuberous. Flowers blue, white, whitish-blue, and yellowish-blue. § Peduncles smooth. 4 A. KOELLEA'NUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 19. aeon. t. 11. f. 1.) spur blunt ; filaments smooth. If . H. Native of Switzerland and Carinthia, &c. Rchb. ill. t. 72. A. Napellus, Wulfen. Koelle. spicel. with a figure. A. manuale, Sieb. A. Tauricum, Hoppe. pi. exsicc. A. Napellus, ft, spicatum, Ser. mus. 1. p. 154. D. C. prod. 1. p. 62. Flowers disposed in loose spikes of a deep blue colour ; bracteas short ; helmet semicircular. Var. ft, crassicaule (Rchb. uebers. p. 19.) stem thick. If. H. Native of Switzerland and Carinthia. Var. y, pymce urn (Rc\ib. aeon. t. 21. f. 1.) flowers 3-8 in a spike, deep blue. Leaves crowded. A. Napellus, § pygmaevum, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 154. If.. H. Native of Switzerland. Koelle 's Aconite. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1 820. PI. 2 to 4 feet. 5 A. TAURICUM (Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 112. icon. rar. 3. t. 49. Rchb. aeon. p. 87. t. 12. f. 2-3.) spur blunt; filaments pilose ; helmet closed, hemispherical ; peduncles erect. If . H. Native of Germany and Switzerland. Rchb. illus. t. 63. Koelle. aeon. A. 'densiflorum, Hoppe. bot. Z. 1818. p. 142. A. Ise'tum, Rchb. aeon. 89. 1. 13. f. 2. Koehleri, commutatum and plicatum, Rchb. uebers. are hardly varieties of this species. A. Napellus ?r leetum, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 157. A. Napellus y, bracteosum, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 154. A. Napellus, Haenk. Koell. — Clus. hist. 2. p. 95. f. 2.— Gerard, herb. 973. f. 6. Very like A. Napellus, but the lateral sepals are smooth, not pilose inside. Flowers deep blue, disposed in dense racemes. Segments of leaves almost pedately disposed and divided into linear acumi- nate lobes. 1 56 RANUNCULACEjE. XXIX. ACONITUM. Far. ft, squarrbsum (Rchb. uebers. p. 20.) Native of Switzer- land. Flowers deep blue. Taurian Aconite. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1752. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 6 A. FORMOSUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 36. aeon. t. 18. f. 2.) spur obtuse ; filaments pilose ; helmet spreading ; lip short. Tf. . H. Native of Switzerland, Austria ; Salzburg on mount Untersberg. Rchb. ill. t. 64. A. Napellus, Hoppe, cent exsicc. A. hians, Clusii, confertum, and rigidum, Rchb. Flowers blueish-purple in loose racemes. A. paniculatum, var. K, cernuum, D. C. prod. 1. p. 60. Beautiful Aconite. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1824. PL 2 to 3 feet. 7 A. ACI/TUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 21. aeon. t. 14. f. 2.) spur capitate ; filaments smooth ; helmet closed, arched, beaked. Tf. . H. Native of Switzerland, Tyroles, and Alps above Judenburg. Carinthia and Transylvania. A. Napellus, Sieb. Wahl. Schultz. A. Kcelleanum, fi'rmum, Rchb. aeon. t. 14. f. 2. A. Napellus, W. rostellatum, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 156. Var. ft, pygmceum (Vest. Rchb. uebers. p. 21.) plant small. If. . H. Native of the Alps of Styria 6000 feet above the level of the sea and Transylvania. A. Napellus, ft nanum, Baumg. A. fi'rmum, ft pygmae(um, Rchb. uebers. p. 21. ^cute-beaked Aconite. Fl.June,Jul. Clt. 1820. PL 2 to 3 ft. 8 A. HOPPEANUM (Rchb. illus. t. 65.) spur capitate; fila- ments smooth; helmet gaping. If. . H. Native of Carinthia. A. Hoppii. Rchb. uebers. p. 24. A. Napellus t, Hoppeanum. Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 155. A. Mielichhoferi, Rchb. Flowers blue in loose spikes ; helmet falcate-navicular, beaked. Lobes of leaves bluntish. Hoppe's Aconite. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. 1-3 feet. 9 A. ANGUSTIFO'LIUM (Bernh. Willd. Rchb. aeon. 95. t. 15. f. 2. ueber. p. 24.) spur capitate ; filaments smooth ; helmet closed hemispherical ; lip bifid. If. . H. Native of Siberia and Syria. A. Napellus \, anthorsefolium, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 159. Flowers deep blue in spiked panicles. Leaves like those of A. Anthora, Var. ft, tenuifblium (Rchb. uebers. p. 24.), lobes of leaves very fine, bluntish, scarcely diverging. I/ . H. Native of the Alps of Vochin and Styria. A. venustum ft, ramosum, Rchb. uebers. p. 28. A. Napellus ft, ft, tenuifolium, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 159. Narrow-leaved Aconite. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. PL 2-3 ft. 10 A. EUSTA'CHIUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 24. aeon. t. 15. f. 3.) spur capitate, filaments and lip pilose ; helmet gaping, hemisphe- rical, if. . H. Native of Mount Baldo. A. Napellus, Pona. A. Napellus X, falcatum, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 155. Flowers in- tense purple in spiked panicles. Pedicels long. Limb of helmet entire. Leaves like those of A. Anthora. Well-spiked Aconite. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. PL 2-3 feet. §0. Peduncles pubescent. 11 A. NAPE'LLUS (Lin. spec. 751. Rchb. uebers. p. 25. illus. t. 1.) spur capitate ; helmet convex-hemispherical, gaping, smoothish ; lip of nectary revolute ; peduncles erect ; leaves pedately 5-parted. lf..H. Native of Switzerland and Styria, &c. Far. A. N. Schleicheri (Rchb. ill. t. 1.) stem straight (or in- fracted) simple, slender; partitions of leaves finely jagged; ra- cemes short; petals somewhat exserted. Ij.. H. Native of Europe. A. vulgare, D. C. syst. 1. p. 371. Stem smooth. Racemes short, never much crowded. Flowers middle sized, blue or violet, pubescent when young. Pistils 3, smooth. Far. a, A.N. Schleicheri normale (Rchb. ill. 1. 1. f. 1.) leaves more finely cut ; racemes denser. If. . H. Native of Switzer- land. A. Tauricum, Schleich. cat. 1815. A. Nap. Tauricus Ser. cat. A. Nap. d. densum, Gaud. fl. helv. ined. A. Schlei- cheri, Rchb. ueber. p. 35. A. tenuifolium, Schleich. in litt. A. Schleicheri elongatum, Schleich. cat. 1821. p. 5. A. vulgare ft, pubescens, D. C. syst. 1. p. 372. Far. ft, A. N. Schleicheri Luxuriant (Rchb. ill. t. 1. f. 2.) pe- duncles long ; bracteas large, jagged, longer than the flowers ; racemes loose. If, . H. Native of Switzerland. A. Napellus spica foliosa, Schleich. cat. 1815, p. 5. A. Schleicheri ft, co- mosum, Rchb. uebers. p. 36. — Moris, hist. 3. p. 464. sect. 12. t. 3. f. 19. Far. y, A. N, Lobelianum (Rchb. ill. t. 3.) stem erectish; partitions of leaves elongated with diverging segments ; racemes elongated, loose, with a few small racemes at the base. If. . H. Native of Dauphiny and Switzerland. — Lobel. stirp. ed. 1576. p. 387. icon. — Clus. hist. 5. p. 76. with a figure. — Dod. pempt. ed. 1583. p. 438, with a good figure. Flowers violet or white, smooth. Pistils 3, smooth. Fruit veiny ; stem 2-4 feet. N. Lob. 1. Luxurians (Rchb. ill. t. 3. f. 2.) plant strong. N. Lob. 2. albiflbrum (Rchb. ill. t. 2. f. 3.) flowers white. Far. S, A. N. Bauhini (Rchb. ill. t. 4.) stem straight, long, branched ; partitions of leaves linear, dilated, very long. If. . H. Native of Switzerland, &c. — Bauh. hist. 3. p. 655, with a mid- dling figure.— Chabr. Sciagr. p. 531. f. 2. and p. 527. f. 2. A. neomontanum, Schleich. cat. 1815. p. 5. A. Halleri y, ramo- sum, Rchb. uebers. p. 28. and A. Halleri. A. Napellus £, ra- mosum, Schleich. 1822. Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 154. Racemes elongated, loose, with a few lateral ascending ones. Flowers of an opltque violet-colour. Fruit veiny. Stem 4-6 feet, Far. e, A. N. ft, compdctum (Rchb. ill. t. 2.) stem straight, simple, thickish, densely leafy ; segments of leaves elongated ; racemes compact, nearly simple. If. . H. Native of the Pyren- nees and Switzerland. A. Napellus, D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 917. No. 4682. Lapeyr. hist. pi. pyr. p. 305. A. compactum. Rchb. uebers. p. 27. 1. Flore violacea-cyaneo (Rchb. ill. t. 2. f. 1.) flowers violet- blue. 2. Flore-rubello (Rchb.) flowers red. %. H. Native of Switzerland. A. compactum, var. ft, floribus rubellis, Rchb. uebers. p. 27. A. Napellus. r. rubellum, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 158. Far. £, virid'iftbrum (Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 158.) flowers in loose spikes ; helmet semicircular, hardly emarginate, blue, marked with green lines. Far. r), maculatum (Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 159.) flowers spiked, blue spotted with white. Far.$,multicucullatum(Ser.icon.ineil.an(i.mus. helv.l.p.156.) Far. i, laciniosum (Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 159.) flowers loosely spiked and panicled, large, blue, somewhat conical ; segments of leaves profound, linear, acute. Far. K, Halleri bicolor (Rchb. uebers. p. 28.) flowers white variegated with blue, disposed in spikes or panicles. Tf.. H. Native of Switzerland on Mount Stockhorn. A. bicolor, Schultz. obs. bot. 101. A. vulgare y, bicolor. D. C. syst. 1. p. 372. A. Napellus v, bicolor. Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 158. Linnaeus says, that A. Napellus is fatal to kine and goats, espe- cially when they come fresh to it, but that it does no injury to horses who eat it only when dry. He also relates in the Stockholm acts, that an ignorant surgeon prescribed the leaves, and on the patient refusing to take them, he took 'them himself and died. The ancients, who were unacquainted with chemical poisons, re- garded the Aconite as the most violent of all poisons ; and accord- ingly fabled it to be the invention of Hecate, and to have sprung from the foam of Cerberus. Its real virulence is, however, suffi- ciently established by fatal experiment. Some persons, only by taking in the effluvia of the herb in full flower by the nostrils, have been seized with swooning fits, and have lost their sight for two or three days. But the root is unquestionably the most powerful part of the plant. Matthiolus relates that a criminal RANUNCULACE^E. XXIX. ACONITUM. 57 was put to de'ath by taking one drachm of it. Dodonseus gives us an instance of five persons at Antwerp who ate of the root by mistake and all died. 'Dr. Turner also mentions that some Frenchmen at the same place, eating the shoots of this plant for those of Masterwort, all died in the course of two days, except two players, who quickly evacuated all they had eaten by vomit- ing. We have an account, in the Philosophical Transactions, of a man who was poisoned in the year 1 732 by eating some of the plant in a salad instead of celery, and Dr. Willis in his De Anima Brutorum, gives an instance of a man who died in a few hours by eating the tender leaves of this plant, also in a salad. He was seized with all the symptoms of mania. The Aconite, thus invested with terrors, has however been so far subdued as to become a powerful remedy in some of the most troublesome disorders incident to the human frame. Baron Stoerck led the way by administering it in violent pains in the side and joints, in glandulous Scirrhi, tumours, ulcerous tubercles of the breast, &c. to the quantity of from ten to thirty grains in a dose of an extract, the method of making which he describes. In Sweden successful experiments have been made of an extract of the juice of the leaves, in cases of rheumatisms and intermittent fevers, given in doses of from a grain to a scruple twice a day or oftener. A much larger dose has also been safely administered. It is recommended, however, to begin with a small quantity ; a caution the more necessary, when we consider the fatal effects which ignorantly eating the recent herb has sometimes produced. According to Dr. Murray, in his app. med. the chief virtue of the plant is in rheumatic and other chronic disorders. In all these cases the extract above mentioned is the best preparation. It has also been said to be of considerable service in venereal cases, even those of a confirmed nature : to have even discussed nodes, and cured obstinate ulcers, &c. In the Gutta Serena its efficacy has been commended ; but perhaps not so certainly as in the forementioned disorders. The powder of the dried leaves is now more commonly used. All the species belonging to this section possess the same' qualities, and indeed nearly the whole genus. Napel, or Monks'-wood. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1596. PI. 2-3 ft. 12 A. LA'XUM (Rchb. mon. t. 15. f. 4.) spur capitate; lip or- bicular, obcordate ; filament with a few long hairs ; helmet gaping, arched. If. . H. Native of Switzerland. A. Napellus \I/ mi- crophyllum, Gaud. ined. ? Flowers blue, few, disposed in a loose panicle. Zoose-flowered Aconite. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. 2-3 ft. 13 A. FUNCKIA'NUM (Rchb. ill. t. 66.) spur capitate ; filaments pilose ; helmet open, convex ; peduncles loose, erect, elongated. If. . H. Native of Salzburg on Mount Untersberg, Switzerland, and the Pyrenees. A. Funckii. Rchb. uebers. p. 28. A. pu- b6scens, Mcench. Rchb. A. Napellus ft, pubescens, D. C. syst. 1. p. 372. A. angustifolium and squarrosum, Koch. Willd. enum. suppl. Flowers blue. Plant pubescent. Punch's Aconite. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825. PI. 2-3 feet. 14 A. NEUBERGE'NSE (Clus. D. C. syst. 1. p. 373. Rchb. ill. t. 69.) spur capitate ; filaments pilose ; helmet closed, hemisphe- rical ; peduncles spreading ; lip revolute. If. , H. Native of Styria at Neuberg, Carinthia, Austria, Carniola, and the Pyren- nees, &c. A. Napellus, Jacq. fl. aust. 4. t. 381. A. neomon- tanum, Wulf. Kcell. aeon. 16. A. Cammarum. Var. /3. Lin. spec. 751. exclusive of the synonyms. A. Braunii, Rchb. A. Napellus £, Neubergense, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 156. — Clus. hist, v. p. 96. — Bauh. hist. 3. p. 657. — Chabr. sciagr. 531. f. 5. — Moris, hist. 3. t. 3. f. 11. Racemes loose. Flowers blueish- purple, in loose racemose panicles. Segments of leaves short, bluntish. Neuberg Aconite. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. PI. 2-3 feet. 15 A. BERNHARDIAVNUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 34.) spur capitate ; filaments pilose ; helmet closed, hemispherical. If. . H. Native VOL. i. — PART i. of Europe. A. humile Bernhardi, but not of Salisb. Flowers blue. A very elegant species. Var. ft, albidum (Bernh. Rchb. uebers. p. 31 .)• If.. H. Na- tive of Austria, the Pyrenees, and Switzerland. A. Napellus flore albo, Crantz. A. Napellus albiflorum, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 158. Flowers white, disposed in loose spikes. Bernhardi's Aconite. .Fl. June, July. PI. 2-3 feet. 16 A. E'MINENS (Koch, ex Rchb. uebers. p. 35.) spur capi- tate ; filaments pilose ; helmet closed ; lip very long, refracted ; peduncles erectly spreading. If. . H. Native of Europe. A. neomontanum, hort. paris. Flowers blue. Eminent Aconite. Fl. June.July. Clt. 1800. PI. 2-4 feet. 17 A. AUTUMNA'LE (Clus. ex Rchb. aeon. t. 17. f. 2.) spur capitate ; filaments pilose ; helmet open, convex ; peduncles rigidly spreading, i^ . H. Native of Europe. Rchb. ill. t. 67. A. Napellus £, grossum. Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 157. Flowers in loose panicles of a blueish-purple colour. Autumnal Aconite. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 3-4 feet. ISA. PYRAMIDA'LE (Mill. diet. Rchb. uebers. p. 48. aeon. t. 17. f. 2. ill. t. 68.) spur capitate; filaments pilose; helmet closed; peduncles erectly-spreading, longer than the flowers. If. . H. Native of Thuringia, Bohemia, and Styria. A. Napel- lus Leysser. A. neomontanum, Spreng. Flowers blueish-purple. Vay. ft, densiflbrum (Rchb. uebers. p. 48.) racemes elongated, crowded, with numerous axillary small racemes. %. H. A. pyramidale, true, Mill. diet. Var. 7, elongatum (Rchb. uebers. p. 48.) racemes elongated, with very few short axillary racemes. Var. S, bicolor (Rchb. uebers. p. 48.) flowers white, edged with blue. If. . H. A. variegatum Hortul. with A. versicolor and Stoerkianum bicolor. Pyramidal Aconite. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 4 feet. 19 A. ACUMINA'TUM (Rchb. ill. uebers. p. 48.) spur capitate, filaments pilose ; helmet closed, conical, beaked. % . H. Na- tive of? Supposed to be a hybrid between A. cernuum and A. Napellus. Flowers blueish-purple. A. paniculatum /3, acumi- natum, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 144. Acuminated Aconite. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 2-4 feet. 20 A. MULTI'FIDUM (Koch. Rchb. ill. t. 70.) spur capitate ; filaments pilose; helmet closed, arched; peduncles erectly- spreading. T(..H. Native of Switzerland and Siberia. A.gigan- teum Amman. A. venustum laxiflorum virgatum and callibo- trys, Rchb. A. volubile, Kcell. 21. A. eriostemum, D. C. syst. 1. p. 377. A. Napellus n, virgatum «, macrostachyum, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 155. p. 154. Flowers blueish-purple, dis- posed in long beautiful spikes. Multifid Aconite. Fl. June, July. PI. 4 feet. 21 A. AMBI'GUUM (Rchb. ill. t. 23.) spur capitate ; filaments smooth ; helmet closed, hemispherical, arched, obtuse ; lip ob- cordate. If. . H. Native of Siberia. Leaves smooth. Racemes loose,' very seldom bearing many small lateral racemes. Flowers smooth, pale blue. Ambiguous Aconite. Fl. June, July. PI. 2-3 feet. t Species not sufficiently known, belonging to section Napel- Ididea. 22 A. AMCE'NUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 23. aeon. 93. t. 14. f. 1.) x peduncles smooth ; spur capitate, bent. If. . H. Native of Germany and Switzerland. A. N. S. amplexum, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 155. Flowers in loose spikes, deep blue. Bracteas short. Helmet semicircular ; limb entire, clasping the lateral sepals. Pleasing Aconite. Fl. June, July. PI. 2-3 feet. 23 A. OLIGOCA'RPUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 24.) spur capitate,, bent ; peduncles smooth ; capsules 2. If. . H. Native of Styria. Flowers blue. Fern-capsuled Aconite. Fl. June, July. PI. 1-3 feet. 58 RANUNCULACE^E. XXIX. ACONITUM. 24 A. ELA^TUM (Salisb. Rchb. uebers. p. 30.) peduncles pu- bescent ; spur capitate, inclining ; segments of leaves linear, acute. I/. H. Native of Styria and Carinthia. A. Tauricum, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1236. A. neomontanum, Bernh. A. Napel- lus S grossum, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 157. ? Flowers in loose pa- nicled spikes, very large, blueish-purple. Segments of leaves large. Tall Aconite. Fl. June, July. PI. 3-4 feet. 25 A. MEYE'ni(Rchb. uebers. p. 33.) peduncles pubescent; spur capitate, inclining. I/ . H. Native of Bavaria and Styria, &c. A. neomontanum, var. Schrank, Hoppe pi. exsic. A. ela- tum, Meyer, fl. gb'tt. ined. Flowers blueish-purple. Meyer's Aconite. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. 2-4 feet. 26 A. SPRENGE'LII (Rchb. uebers. p. 35.) spur obtuse, straight ; segments of leaves blunt. If. . H. Native of Europe. A. exaltatum, Willd. enum. suppl. but not of Bernh. Flowers blueish-purple. Sprengel's Aconite. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 3-4 ft. 27 A. WILLDENO'WII (Rchb. uebers. p. 35.) spur obtuse, straight ; segments of leaves blunt. T(. . H. Native of Car- niola. A. Nap611us, Willd. hort. berl. Flowers blueish-purple. WMdenorv's Aconite. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1823. PI. 2-3 feet. 28 A. MICROSTA^CHYUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 36.) spur obtuse, straight ; segments of leaves blunt. If. . H. Native of Hun- gary. A. Tauricum, Roch. exsic. Flowers blueish-purple. Small-spiked Aconite. Fl. June, July. PI. 2-3 feet. 29 A. AMPLIFLO'RUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 37.) spur obtuse, straight; segments of leaves blunt ; flowers large. T(..H. Na- tive of Austria. Flowers blueish-purple. Ampk-Jlonered Aconite. Fl. June, July. PI. 2-3 feet. SECT. III. CALLIPA'RIA (from Ka\\nrapeu>f, kallipareios, hav- ing beautiful cheeks ; flowers.) Rchb. uebers. 13. Calyx deci- duous. Petals (nectaries) supine, truncate, or a little hooked, with the lip scarcely emarginate. Stamens smoothish. Cap- sules 3-8 erect. Helmet depressed, conical, or hemispherical. Sack of petals large. Beautiful plants with multifid leaves, blue flowers, and napiform roots. § 1 . Spurs of petals truncate. 30 A. BIFIO RUM (Fisch. inlitt. with a figure. D. C. syst. 1. p. 380. Rchb. ill. t. 40.) Spur truncate ; helmet depressed ; beak drawn out. I/ . H. Native of Siberia on the Altaian mountains, and on the Sayansk mountains. A. grandiflbrum, Fisch. cat. hort. gor. 1808, p. 77. Root napiform, larger than a pea. Stem a hand high, smooth, but a- little pubescent towards the top. Lower leaves on long stalks, with linear segments. Flowers usually twin, very rarely solitary or tern, sessile, pale blue, with the middle rather obscure and with yellowish edges, puberulous on the back. Ovaries 3, pubescent. Styles smooth. Stamens smooth. Two-fotvered Aconite. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI. |ft. § 2. Spur of petals hooked. 31 A. SEMIGALEA'TUM (Pall. herb. Rchb. uebers. 38. ill. t. 41 .) Spur hooked ; helmet convex, navicular, peduncles elongated. If.. H. Native of Kamtschatka. A. delphinifolium y, Kamtschaticum, D. C. syst. 1. p. 380. A. Napellus K, semi- galeatum, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 155. Root a tuber about the size and form of a pea. Stem \ to 2 feet high, pubescent at the top. Leaves few, membranous, smooth. Racemes very loose. Flowers pale blue, at first pubescent, but at length be- coming smooth. Pistils 5-8. Stamens smooth. Half-helmetted Aconite. Fl. June, July. PI. •£ to 2 feet. 32 A. DELPHINIFOLIUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 380. Rchb. uebers. p. 38. ill. t. 42.) spur a little hooked ; helmet hemispherical ; filaments smooth ; stem slender, few-flowered. If. . H. Native of the western coast of North America in Hedge Island, Rocky Mountains. Rchb. aeon. t. 9. f. 1, 2, 3. A. delphinifolium a, Americanum, D. C. syst. 1. p. S80. A. Napellus a a, delphi- nifolium, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 159. Root napiform. Stem | to 2 feet high, a little pubescent towards the top. Leaves smooth, deeply cut into 5 parts. Racemes loose. Flowers large, pale- blueish-purple, young ones puberulous. Pistils 4-6. Fruit smooth. A. paradoxum, Rchb. Far. (i, specibsum (Rchb. uebers. p. 38.) plant taller and a little branched, many-flowered ; flowers large. Tf. . H. Native of Chamisso's Island. Var. y, humile (Rchb. uebers. p. 38.) stem humble, rather prostrate, few-flowered. I/ . H. Native of the island of St. Lawrence. Larkspur-leaved Aconite. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. £ to 2 ft. 33 A. CHAMISSONIA'NUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 37. ill. t. 43.) spur a little hooked ; helmet hemispherical ; filaments pilose ; stem humble, and is, as well as the flowers, pubescent. 2£. H. Na- tive of the islands of Chamisso and Unalaschtka in the fissures of Rocks. Leaves smooth. Racemes loose, few, or many- flowered. Flowers large, violet. Pistils 3. Chamisso's Aconite. Fl. June, July. PI. 1-2 feet. SECT. IV. EUCHYLODEA (from tv, eu, good ; x«Aw, galectonum (Rchb. uebers. p. 67.) flowers yellow. Capsules pubescent. Tf. . H. Native of Hungary. Var. t, tragbctonum (Rchb. uebers. p. 70.) flowers yellow, panicled ; capsules smooth. % . H. Native of Carinthia. A. pyramidale, Hoppe. Var. £, rubicundum (Fisch. in litt. Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 135. D. C. prod. 1. p. 58. Lycoctonum, var. ic, rubicundum) flowers pa- nicled, livid-violet, variegated with yellow ; helmet conico-cylin- drical, compressed ; flowers and peduncles villous. Ovaries pilose, elongated. 2£. H. Native of Siberia. Var. n, Carpathicum (Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 136. Lyc6ctonum, var.) flowers panicled, of a lurid purple colour, sometimes va- riegated with yellow ; helmet conico-cylindrical, compressed ; stems and peduncles smooth; leaves profoundly cut. l/.H. Native of the Carpathian mountains. A. septentrionale ft, Carpa- thicum, D. C. syst. 1. p. 370. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2196. A. australe, Rchb. ueber. p. 71. Var.S, septentrionale (V?i\\d. spe. 2. p. 1235.) flowers panicled, blue ; helmet conico-cylindrical, compressed ; flowers and pedun- cles villous ; ovaries smooth or pilose ? I/ . H. Native of Lapland, Norway, and Siberia. A. Lycoctonum /*, septentrionale, Ser mus. helv. 1. p. 136. Var. i, Moldavicum (Haquet. Rchb. uebers. p. 67.) flowers panicled, violet ; helmet cylindrical, compressed ; ovaries silky- villous. TJ. . H. Native of Moldavia and Bohemia. Fox-bane Aconite. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1800. PL 1-3 ft. 74 A. EXCE'LSUM (Rchb. ill. t. 53.) spur spiral ; bottom of helmet clavate, and with the beak elongated ; middle sepals very short. 7/. H. Native of Russia near Moscow in shady groves. Stem slender, 6-8 feet high or more, furrowed, puberulous. Leaves large, thin, a little pubescent, smoothish above. Racemes very long, loose, many-flowered. Flowers large, of a livid violet- colour. Ovaries 3, smooth ? Tall Aconite. Fl. July, Aug. 1*1. 6 to 8 feet. 75 A. THELY'PHONUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 73. ill. t. 54.) spur spiral ; bottom of helmet conical-elongated. Tf. . H. Native of Europe, particularly in Austria, Bavaria, Transylvania, and Swit- zerland, &c. A. rectum zooctonum, and Lycoctonum, Rchb. uebers, p. 65, 69, and 73. A. luparia, Rchb. uebers. 74 ? A. alienum, Rchb/ 73.? A. lagoctonum, Rchb. ueber. 71. A. arctophonum, Rchb. uebers. 71. A. Lycoctonum, Elwert, fasc. pi. Baruth. D. C. syst. 1. p. 369. and other authors, but not of Lin. Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 311. t. 65. A. Pyrenaicum and rectum, Balbis. A. Lycoctonum, var. a, vulgare, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 132. t. 15. f. 5, 6. 4. 8. Stem| to 6 feet pubescent, with yellow hairs, hispid at the base. Leaves 7-parted, ciliated. Racemes loose, furnished with a few axillary racemules. Flowers large, yellow, pubescent, or smooth. Ovaries 3, smooth, rarely pu- bescent. Var. ft, latiflorum, plant smoothish ; flowers spiked or pani- cled, yellow ; helmet short and broad ; hairs of peduncles arched ; ovaries smooth. 7f . H. Native on the Alps of Bern. A. Lycoctonum 9, latiflorum, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 135. D. C. prod. 1. p. 58. Var. y, ramosissimum ; stem much branched, and is, as well as the peduncles, smooth ; flowers yellow ; helmet conico-cylindri- cal, compressed ; ovaries smooth. 7/ . H. Native of the Alps of Bern. A. Lycoctonum i, ramosissimum, Ser. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 58. Var. S, Seringei ; flowers panicled, yellow ; helmet elongated, cylindrical, inclined, deformed ; stem and peduncles smoothish ; spur broad ; leaves large, smoothish. If. . H. Native of the Alps of Bern. A. Lyc6ctonum, var. Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 137. D. C. prod. 1. p. 58. last variety. Female's-bane Aconite.. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. ^ to 6 ft. 76 A. LYCO'CTONUM (Lin. spec. 532. Rchb. ill. t. 52.) spur subannular ; bottom of helmet cylindrical ; beak elongated, stretched out ; middle and lower sepals equal in length. I/ . H. Native of Lapland, Sweden, Norway, &c. A. Lycoctonum, var. fl. caer. Strom, scand. 1. p. 67. Gunn. norv. no. 14. Oed. fl. dan. t. 123. Wahl. Lapp. 275. A. septentrionale, Kcelle, spicel. p. 22. no. 9. D. C. syst. 1. p. 370. Stem slender, sim- ple, quite upright, pubescent. Leaves large, 7-parted. Racemes more or less pubescent, branched at the base. Flowers largeish, of a livid-violet colour. Ovaries 3, smooth. A decoction or the powder of the root of this plant is used for destroying flies and other insects. Linnaeus gives an account of its being eaten in Medelpadia, a province of Sweden, without injury. It seems indeed to be milder than some of the other spe- cies ; and goats and horses are said to eat it. True Wolfs-bane Aconite. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1596. PI. 4-6 feet. Cult. All the species of Aconite are of easy culture. They are very ornamental, and are well adapted for ornamenting flower borders. Most of them will grow under the shade of trees, therefore they are proper to plant in ornamental , woods and wil- dernesses. They are easily increased by separating the roots or by seeds. Plants referred to Caltha by F. Hamilton, M.D., to which, from the descriptions, they do not appear to belong. We there- fore propose the name Nirbisiafor the genus. XXIX. (2) NIRBFSIA (Nirbishi or Nirbikhi, the aboriginal name of one of the species). Caltha Hamilt. in edinb. jour, scienc. vol. 1. Aug. 1824. p. 249. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Tetragynia. Calyx of 4, ovate, con- cave, thick, obtuse, coloured, petal-like sepals. Petals wanting. Stamens numerous, very short. Ovaries 4, awl-shaped. Styles thick, awl-shaped, crowned by simple, acute stigmas. Capsules 4 awl-shaped, many-seeded. Smooth plants with tuberous roots, cordate or peltate alternate leaves and terminal panicles of small greenish or yellowish flowers. Qualities poisonous. 1 N. BI'SMA ; stem simple, smooth ; cauline leaves numerous, stalked, cordate, roundish, smooth, somewhat 5-nerved and veiny, 5-lobed ; lobes cuneated, cut at the apex ; petioles very long, stem-clasping at the base. % . F. Native of Nipaul on the Himalaya Mountains at the river Kosi. Caltha Bisma, Hamilt. 1. c. Panicle terminal ; peduncles elongated, few-flowered, rising from the top of the stems or from the axils of die upper leaves. Bracteas sessile, trifid, small, situated a little below the flower. Flowers small, erect, green, blackish on the outside. Se- pals 4, thickish, rude. Bishma, Btkhma, Bish, or Bikh, is the name of the plant in Nipaul. The root of this plant is truly poisonous, and is used by the inhabitants of Nipaul, near the river Kosi, (the Corkhalese) to poison their darts, and they regard it as their most powerful means of repelling the invasions of their enemies, by the fa- cility with which they can impoison water with it. RANUNCULACE^E. XXIX. (2) NIRBISIA. XXX. CIMICIFUGO. XXXI. ACT^A. Bishma. PL 1|. 2 N. CODXJ'A ; stem erect ; cauline leaves numerous, pilose, nervous and veiny, ovate, peltate, with many cuneated, cut, lobate lobes ; lobules bluntish, with two deep incisures towards the top of the leaf. If. . F. Native of Nipaul with the preced- ing Caltha Codua, Hamilt. 1. c. The root of this species is more poisonous than the last, and is used by the Corkhalese for the same purposes. Kodoya is the name of this plant in Nipaul. Kodoya. PL 1|. foot. 3 N. HAMILTO'NII, stem simple, smooth ; cauline leaves nu- merous, stalked, cordate, triangular, somewhat 5 -nerved, and veiny, with a few short hairs on the edges ; lobes cuneated, cut, acute, quinquefariously divided ; petioles very long, stem-clasp- ing, y. . F. Native of Nipaul, along with the two preceding species, where it is called Nirbishi or Nirbikhi. Caltha Nirbisia, Hamilt. 1. c. The root of this species is a powerful bitter, and is employed by the natives of Nipaul to cure fevers. Hamilton's Nirbishi. PL 1| foot. Cult. None of the species of Nirbisia has yet been intro- duced into the gardens of Europe, therefore the mode of culti- vating them is unknown ; however, should they be, we would recommend their being grown in small pots filled with loam and peat, and treated as other alpine plants ; they may be either in- creased by separating the tubers or by seeds. Tribe V. PJEONIAVCE.S:, D. C. prod. 1. p. 64. Ranunculacese Spuriae, D. C. syst. 1. p. 381. Anthers bursting outwards. Perhaps a distinct order. Herbs rarely shrubs. XXX. CIMICI'FUGO (from cimex, a bug, fugo, to drive away ; indicating certain virtues the plants possess, particularly C.fas'tida.} Lin. amcen. 7. p. 435. Schreb. gen. 933. Actse'a, Sect. 1. Cimicifugo, D. C. syst. 1. p. 382. prod. 1. p. 64. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Mono-Polygynia. Calyx of 4 deci- duous sepals. Petals 4. Styles 1 to 15. Carpels dry, dehiscent, many-seeded. Perennial herbs, with variously divided leaves, and racemes of whitish flowers. Roots drastic and poisonous. § 1. Actee~a,sect. Cimicifugo, D. C. syst. I. p. 383. Carpels from 1 to 15. 1 C. FOZTIDA (Lin. syst. ed. 12. p. 659.) ovaries 4, almost sessile, very villous ; racemes panicled ; leaves ternate or biter- nate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, deeply toothed. % . H. Native of the Carpathian mountains, Dauria, Eastern Siberia, and north- west coast of America. Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 275. t. 140. Actae'a cimicifugo, Lin. amcen. 2. p. 354. D. C. syst. 1. p. 382. Planta cimicifugo, Lin. amoen. 8. p. 193. t. 4. A very fetid herb, used in Siberia for driving away bugs, as tansy is by the peasants of this country. Var. j3, simplex (Wormsk ined. ex. Fisch. in litt.) It . H. Native of Kamtschatka, very common. Actse'a cimicifugo /3, simplex, D. C. prod. 1. p. 64. Stem simple, undivided; racemes solitary or rarely twin. Perhaps a distinct species. Foetid Bugwort. FL June, July. Clt. 1777. PL 2 feet. 2 C. AMERICA1 NA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 316.) ovaries 4 or 5, smooth, stipitate ; racemes panicled ; leaves decompound. If, . H. Native of Carolina in shady woods on mountains. Ac- tae'a podocarpa, D. C. syst. 1. p. 382. Del. icon. sel. 1. t. 66. Habit of C. serpentaria. American Bugwort. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1824. PL 2 to 3 ft. 3 C. coRDir6LiA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 307. exclusive of the synonyms,) ovaries from 2 to 3, sessile ; racemes panicled ; leaves biternate ; leaflets 4-5-lobed, serrated, cordate at the base. %. H. Native of North America in shady woods, on high mountains of Carolina. Actae'a cordifblia, D. C. syst. 1. p. 383. Resembles C. serpentaria. Ovaries smooth. Bot. mag. 2069. Heart-leaved Bugwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812. PL 2 or 3 ft. 4 C. PALMA'TA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 316.) ovaries from 12 to 15, collected into a roundish Head ; racemes dichotomously panicled ; leaves palmate, with the lobes serrated at the apex. If. . H. Native of North America in the beds of mountain rivulets in Virginia and Carolina, also on the north-west coast. Actae a palmata, D. C. syst. 1. p. 383. Hydrastis, Lam. ill. t. 500. Hydrastis Caroliniimus, Walt, carol. 156. ? Hydrastis Ca- nadensis, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 71. — Bot. mag. 1630. Herb glabrous. Palmate-leaved. Bugwort. FL July, Aug. Clt. 1812. PL 2 ft. § 2. Actce'-a, Sect. Macrbtys, D. C. syst. 1. p. S83.prod. 1. p. 64. Carpels solitary. 5 C. SERPENTA'RIA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 372.) racemes compound, very long ; leaves triternate, with serrated or rather cut leaflets, if.. H. Native of North America in shady stony woods, from Canada to Florida. Actae'a monogyna, Walt. car. 151. Actse'a racemosa, Lin. spec. 722. C. racembsa, Bart, philad. 2. p. 12.— Pluk. amalth. 54. t. 383. f. 3.— Dill. elth. 79. t. 67. f. 78. Resembles Acted a spicata, but larger. Flowers white. This plant is used with success by the native practitioners of North America, for curing the dangerous bite of the Rattle- snake. Black Snakeroot or Bugwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1732. PL 3 to 5 feet. 6 C. JAPO'NICA ; spikes very long ; leaves ternate, with 5 or 7 lobed cordate segments. If. . H. Native of Japan. Actae'a Japonica, Thunb. jap. 221. D. C. syst. 384. Leaves large. Flowers sessile. Japan Bugwort. PL 3 feet. Cult. Plants of easy culture, will grow in any common gar- den soil, prefer a shady moist situation. All the species are easily increased by dividing the plants at the root or by seeds. XXXI. ACTJE'A. (OKTJ/, akte, was the Greek name of the Elder, which these plants much resemble in foliage and fruit.) Lin. gen. no. 644. Christophoriana, Tourn. inst. 299. t. 154. ActffiX Sect. III. Christophoriana, D. C. syst. 1. p. 384. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 deciduous sepals. Petals 4. Style 1. Carpels baccate indehiscent (f. 13. 6.) many-seeded (f. 13. e.) Perennial herbaceous plants, with bi or triternate leaves, and racemes of whitish flowers. Berries FIG. 13. poisonous. 1 A. SPICA'TA (Lin. spec/ 722.) berry oblong; petals length of stamens ; racemes ovate ; leaves bi or triternate, with ovate-lan- ceolate, serrated or cut segments, terminal one trifid. If. . H. Na- tive almost throughout the whole of Europe. In England in bushy mountainous limestone situations, rare. In the north-west corner of Yorkshire, as about Malham Cove, Clapham, Askrigg, and the base of Ingleborough hill, &c. Smith, engl. bot. 918. FL dan. 498. Lam. illus. t. 448. f. 1. Gaert. fr. 2. p. 154. t. 114. Flowers white, with a slight blush colour. This plant is a power- ful repellent. The root is useful in some nervous cases, but must be administered with caution. The berries are black and poison- RANUNCULACE^E. XXXII. ZANTHORHIZA. XXXIII. P^ONIA. 65 cms ; the juice of them with alum yields a black die. Toads are reported to enjoy the fetid odour of this plant, (f. 13.) Spiked-fiovfered or Common Bane-berry. Fl. May, July. England. PI. 1 foot. 2 A. RU'BRA (Willd. enum. p. 560.) leaves bi or triternate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, serrated or cut ; petals acute, shorter than the stamens ; racemes simple hemispherical ; pedicels slen- der ; berries ovate-oblong. If.. H. Native of North America in shady rocky woods in rich vegetable soil, from Canada to Virginia, and from Hudson's bay to the Rocky Mountains. A. brachypetala var. /3, rubra, D. C. syst. 1. p. 385. Berries red. Flowers, fruit, and seeds larger than those of A. alba. This plant is known in North America by the name of Red Co-hosh, and is considered by the natives a valuable medicine. Var. /3, ccerulea ; berries blue. If. . H. Native of Florida, where it is known by the name of Blue Co-hosh. A. brachype- tala y, caerulea, D. C. syst. ] . p. 385. Red Bane-berry. Fl. May, June. Clt. PI. 1 to 1| foot. 3 A. A'LBA (Bigl. fl. bost. ed. 2. p. 211.) leaves bi or triter- nate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, serrate or cut ; petals truncate, equal in length to the stamens ; racemes simple, oblong ; pedi- cels a little thickened ; berries ovate-oblong. If. . H. Native of North America in shady rocky woods in rich vegetable soil, from Canada to Virginia ; in Canada, particularly about Lake Huron. A. brachypetala a, alba, D. C. syst. 1. p. 385. Berries white. This plant is known in North America by the name of White Co-hosh, and is considered a valuable medicine by the natives. Var. ft, microcdrpa ; berries small white or reddish, on thick pedicels. 7;. H. Native about Boston. A. brachypetala S, microcarpa, D. C. syst. 1. p. 385. White Bane-berry. Fl. May, June. Clt. PI. 1 to 1| foot. Cult. These plants will thrive well in any common garden soil. They succeed best under the shade of trees. They are easily increased by dividing the plants at the root, or by seeds, which usually ripen in abundance. XXXII. ZANTHORHrZA (from frvSoc, zanthos, yellow, pi£a, rhiza, a root ; deep yellow colour of the roots.) Marsh, arb. 167. Lam. ill. t. 854. D. C. syst. 1. p. 286. prod. 1. p. 65. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Mono-Trigynia. Calyx of 5 deciduous sepals. Petals 5. Carpels 2-3-seeded, but usually solitary from abortion. A small shrub, with yellow creeping roots, irregu- larly pinnate leaves, branched racemes, and small purplish flowers rising from the scaly buds. 1 Z. APIIFO'LIA (Lher. stirp. nov. p. 79. t. 38.) Jj . H. Na- tive of North America on shady banks of rivers ; from Virginia to Georgia. Bart. elem. bot. t. 12. ex. coll. mat. med. amer. 2. p. 11. A small shrub, with irregularly pinnate leaves; leaflets 5-7 ; deeply serrated. Racemes branched, pendulous, rising with the leaves from the scaly buds. Flowers small, dark-purple, usually unisexual from abortion. Bark of the root intensely and adhesively bitter, and somewhat acrid. Parsley-leaved Yellow-root. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1 766. Sh. 1 to 2 feet. Cult. Zanthorhiza will thrive in any common garden soil. It is easily increased by suckers from the root, which are thrown out in great numbers. XXXIII. P^EO'NIA (The physician Paeon was the first to use this in medicine. The Greek legend adds, that he used it to cure Pluto of a wound inflicted by Hercules.) Lin. gen. no. 678. Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 309. t. 65. D. C. syst. 1. p. 386. prod. 1. p. 65, LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Di-Pentagynia. Calyx of 5 leafy inequal permanent sepals (f. 1 4. b. a.) Petals from 5 to 1 0, somewhat VOL. i. — PART i. orbicular (f. 14. c.) Stamens indefinite. Disk fleshy, girding the ovaries. Carpels follicular, from 2 to 5 (f. 14. e.) large, many-seeded, terminated with thick bilamellate stigmas (f. 14. e.) Seeds rather globose, shining. — Roots fascicled. Cauline leaves biternate. Flowers large, white or purplish, usually with a strong disagreeable smell. The root is acrid, bitter, and fetid, and its qualities are reported to be narcotic and dan- gerous, which we can readily believe. The seeds are somewhat emetic. SECT. I. MO'UTAN (the name of the tree Paeony in Japan and China.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 65. Stem shrubby. Disk ex- panded into a membranous urceolus, involving the carpels more or less. The flowers of the Moutan Paeony are generally fragrant. In China the shrubs sometimes exceed 10 feet in height, but in Britain they scarcely ever exceed 5 feet. 1 P. MOUTAN (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1154.) segments of leaves oval-oblong, glaucous underneath ; carpels 5, villous. ^ . H. Native of the North of China on mount Ho-nan. Cultivated in the gardens throughout China and Japan for the beauty of their blossoms. Flowers single, purple. All the varieties of Moutan are very ornamental. Var. a, papavaracea (Andr. bot. rep. t. 463.) petals from 8 to 13. white, with a purple spot at the base of each ; capsules altogether inclosed in the unceolus or disk, ij . H. Lodd. bot. cab. 547. Sims, bot. mag. 2175. Var. /3, Banksii (Anders. Lin. trans, v. p.) flowers double ; petals reddish in the middle ; segments of leaves, withblu nt fissures. T? . H. Andr. bot. rep. t. 448. Ker. bot. reg. 379. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1 1 54. The petals are slightly tinged with blush, becoming nearly white at the edges, and are marked at the base with purplish red. Clt. 1794. Var. y, Humei (Ker, bot. reg. t. 379.) flowers double, with a bunch of long petals rising from the middle of the flower, of the same colour as Banksii. ^ . H. Clt. 1817. Var. S, rosea (D. C. prod. 1. p. 65.) flowers semi-double, rose-coloured ; segments of leaves, with very blunt fissures at the apex. J? . H. Andr. bot. rep. t. 373. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1035. Petals large, of a fine deep pink. Clt. 1794. Var. f, rbsea-plena (Hort. trans. 6. p. 477.) flowers very double, of a fine deep pink, nearly scentless. — Bonpl. pi. rar. p. 61. t. 23. P. suffruticosa, Andr. bot. rep. t. 373. Petals jagged. Var. £, Rawesii (Hort. trans. 6. p. 479.) flowers single, pale, slightly tinged with pink. The foliage much resembles that of an herbaceous Paeony. J?. H. Clt. 1820. Var. ?), Carnea-plena (Hort. trans. 6. p. 481.) flowers very double, of a delicate purplish pink, with a rich purple rayed spot at the top of each. Very like Banksii, but without the central elongated petals, which sometimes in that variety appear to rise from amongst the germens. Var. •&, dlbida-plena (Hort. trans, vol. 6. p. 482.) flowers double, very pale, though not decidedly white, suffused with purple. Jj . H. Var. i, Anneslei (Hort. trans. 6. p. 482. t. 7.) flowers small, almost single, of a rich purplish pink ; petals usually 9, obcor- date, slightly jagged at the margins, of a darker colour at their bases. Jj . H. Moutan or Tree Pasony. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1789. Shrub 3 to 10 feet. SECT. II. P.EON (applied to this section on account of its con- taining the original Paeonys, for the derivation see genus.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 65. Stems herbaceous. Disk of flower hardly or not expanded, and therefore only surrounding so much of the base of the carpels (f. 14. rf.) Roots fascicled, composed of fusiform tubers. K 66 RANUNCULACE^E. XXXIII. P^ONIA. § 1. Leaves glabrous. Z P. CORALLI'NA (Retz. obs. 3. FIG. 14. p. 34.) carpels tomentose ; seg- ments of leaves ovate, entire, gla- brous. 7£. H. Native of many Earts of Europe ; France, Balearic stands, Greece, and Siberia ; in England abundantly on the rocky clefts of the steep Holmes in the Severn, Smith, engl. bot. t. 1513. P. officinalis ft, mascula, Lin. spec. 747.— Lob. icon. 684. f. 2. Flowers crimson. Leaves broad, of a dark shining green, (f. 1 4.) Coralline or Male Paeony. Fl. May, June. England. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 3 P. FEsifvA (Tausch. in Sitz. bot. gesell. vol. 4. nov. 1827.) carpels tomentose, erect ; segments of leaves unequally jagged, smooth, with the divisions crowded, oblong-lanceolate. I/. H. Native of many parts of Europe, in mountain woods, France, Switzerland, Carinthia, Carniola, Greece, and Crete, &c. P. officinalis, Retz. obs. 8. p. 35. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1784. Smith, fl. graec. 369. P. ambigua, Lois ? Var, a, Sabmi (Anders, in Lin. trans. 12. p. 265.) flowers dark-purple. P. officinalis, Sims, bot. mag. 1784. Var. /3, rbsea (Anders. 1. c. p. 266.) flowers deep rose-colour- ed ; stems loose. — Lob. icon. 697. Var. y, rubra (Anders. 1. c. p. 267.) flowers very double, dark- purple.— Lob. icon. 684. This is the most common variety in gardens. Var. S, carnescens (Anders. 1. c. p. 268.) flowers very double, of a deep rose colour. Var. e, dlbicans (Anders. 1. c.) flowers very double, blush. — Tabern. icon. 785. — Park. par. p. 342 and 343. f. 4. Common or Handsome Paeony. Fl. My. Ju. Clt. 1548. PI. 2ft. 4 P. TRITERNA'TA (Pall. nov. act. petrop. vol. 10.) carpels tomentose, erect ; segments of leaves glaucous underneath, some- what lobed with obovate blunt lobules. If. . H. Native of Tauria. P. Daurica, Andr. bot. rep. t. 486. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1441. Flowers of a pleasant pale rose-colour. Triternate-lenved Paeony. Fl. My. Ju. Clt.1790. Pl.ljto2ft. 5 P. LOBATA (Desf. cat. hort. par. 126.) carpels tomentose, erectish ; segments of leaves smooth, decurrent, pinnate-parted, 3-lobed at the apex. 1£. H. Native of Portugal. Flowers purple, sweet-scented. Lobed-\ea.ved Paeony. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1 82 1 . PI. 2 feet. 6 P. TENUIFO'LIA (Lin. spec. 748.) carpels tomentose, spread- ing ; segments of leaves smooth, divided into many fine linear lobes. •y. . H. Native of the Ukraine, Siberia and Tauria, among broken rocks on the banks of rivers. Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 95. t. 87. Sims, bot. mag. t. 926. Flower fine dark-red, and nestled as it were among the finely divided leaves. Var. ft, laciniata (Willd. enum. 573.) stem higher, and with the segments of the leaves broader than in the species. Fine-leaved Paeony. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1765. PI. 1 to li ft. 7 P. HY'BRIDA (Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 94. t 86.) carpels pubes- cent, spreading; segments of leaves smooth, many-parted into linear lobes. If. . H. Native of the Ukraine between the Volga andTanais. Flowers dark red. Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1208. Perhaps only a variety of the preceding. Hybrid Pseony. Fl. May, June. Clt. 2 PI. 1 to 1£ foot. 8 P. ANO'MALA (Lin. mant. 247.) carpels 5, smooth, depressed, obtuse; segments of leaves smooth, pinnatifid ; lobes lanceolate, acuminated. T(..H. Native of Siberia. Andr. bot. rep. 514. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1754. P. laciniata, Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 93. t. 85. Flowers crimson, drooping. The root dried is used by the Mongols and some Tartars as sauce for their meat, and Boetcher, an army surgeon, found it to be useful in intermittent fevers. Anomalous Paeony. Fl. May, June. Clt.. 1 788. PI. 2 to 3 ft. 9 P. CRE'TICA (Clus. hist. 1. p. 281. D. C. syst. 1. p. 394. Tausch. 1. c.) carpels 5, tomentose ; leaves ternately cut ; leaflets quinate-pinnatifid ; segments lanceolate, acuminated, decurrent at the base, smooth on both surfaces. % . H. Native of Crete. Flowers white or blush. Cretan Paeony. Fl. May, June. Clt.? PI. 1 to 2 feet. 10 P. CO'RSICA (Sieb. pi. cors. Tausch. Vorgel in Sitz. bot. gesell. vol. 4. 1827.) carpels smooth, erect; leaves biternate- cut ; segments entire ovate, acuminate, nearly quite smooth. !(. . H. Native of Corsica on mount Gagna. P. paradoxa />, leo- carpa, D. C. prod. 1. p. 66. ? Flowers purplish, large. Corsican Paeony. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? PI. 2 feet ? 11 P. ALBIFLO'RA (Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 84.) carpels smooth, recurved ; segments of leaves smooth, shining, 3-parted, with ovate-lanceolate lobes. 1£ . H. Native from Siberia to China. Flowers white. P. edulis, Sal. par. lond. 78. Var. a, vestalis (Anders, in Lin. trans. 12. p. 257-) leaflets broader, flat, purplish ; flowers white, of 8 petals ; stigmas pale-yellow ; stem 2-3-flowered. A. albiflora, Andr. bot. rep. t. 64. Var. /5, Candida (Anders. 1. c.) leaflets broader, flat, dark- green ; flowers pale flesh-coloured, of 8-petals ; stigmas flesh- coloured ; stem 2-flowered. Var. y, Tatarica (Anders. 1. c. p. 258.) leaflets broader, flat, purplish ; flowers flesh-coloured, of 9 to 14 petals, with flesh- coloured stigmas ; stem 2-3-flowered. P. edulis, Sal. par. lond. 78. P. albiflora, Ker. bot. reg. t. 42. Var. B, Sibirica (Anders. 1. c.) leaflets concave, pale green ; flowers altogether white, with flesh-coloured stigmas ; stem 2- flowered. Var. c, rubescens (Anders. 1. c. p. 259.) leaflets concave, nar- rower, purplish ; flowers reddish, of 8 petals, with pale-yellow stigmas ; stem 3-flowered. A dwarf plant. Var. t, uniflora (Anders. 1. c.) leaflets concave, narrow ; flowers white, of 8 petals, with pale yellow stigmas; stem 1 -flowered. P. albiflora, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1756. Petals pink at the base. Var. 7j, Whitleji (Anders. 1. c.) leaves more wrinkled, un- equally jagged ; flowers pale-blush ; stem 3 feet high, usually bearing 5 flowers. Ker. bot. reg. t. 630. — Andr. bot. rep. 612. Outside petals reddish, inside ones pale straw-coloured, the whole becoming nearly white before they drop ofF, emitting a scent somewhat like that of Elder-flowers. Flowering in June. Native of China. Clt. 1808. Var. $, Humei (Anders. 1. c. p. 260.) leaflets wrinkled, un- equally jagged ; flowers very double, red ; stem 4 feet high, usually 3-flowered. P. edulis var. Sinensis, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1768. Native of China. Clt. 1808. Var. t, frdgrans (Anders. 1. c.) leaflets wrinkled, narrow, pale green ; flowers double, rose-coloured ; stem erect, 3 feet high, 1-3-flowered. Ker. bot. reg. 485. Hort. trans, vol. 2. t. 18. Native of China. Clt. 1805. The roots of many of the varieties of this plant are boiled in broth by the Daurians and Monguls. They also grind the seeds and put them into their tea. White-flowered or Edible Pseony. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1548. PI. 1 to 4 feet. 12 P. BRO'WNII (Doug. mss. in Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 27.) carpels 5, quite smooth, erect ; leaves smooth on both surfaces; leaflets ternately divided or pinnatifid, jagged ; segments oblong, those of the upper leaves are very blunt ; stem erect, branched, striated. Tf. H. Native of North West America, near the RANUNCULACE.E. XXXIII. 67 limits of perpetual snow on the subalpine range of Mount Hood. Flowers purplish-red. Brown's Paeony. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 to 2 feet. § 2. Leaves puberulous on the under surface. 13 P. Ru'ssi (Biv. mant. sic. 4. p. 12.) carpels hairy; seg- ments of leaves elliptical, entire, hardly puberulous underneath. i; . H. Native of Sicily in the mountains about Panorma. Sweet, brit. fl. gard. t. 122. Root fusiform. Flowers crimson. Very like P. humilis. Russ's Paeony. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? PI. 1 to 2 feet. 14 P. HD'MIUS (Rets. obs. 3. p. 35.) carpels tomentose, erectish ; segments of leaves multifid or 3-5-parted, villous under- neath, with narrow lanceolate lobes. If. . H. Native of Spain. Sims, bot. mag. 1422 — Lob. icon. C83. f. 1. — Mor. hist. 3. p. 455. sect. 12. t. 1. f. 8. Flowers of a purplish-blood-colour. Petals a little jagged. Stigmas erect. Lobes of leaves chan- nelled. Humble Pseony. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1633. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 15 P. DECO'RA (Anders, in Lin. trans. 11. p. 273.) carpels pubescent, spreading ; segments of leaves 3-parted-jagged, ob- long, blunt, hairy underneath. I/ . H. Native of Turkey about Constantinople. P. Bysantina prior, Clus. hist. p. 279. — Park, par. p. 342 and 343. t. 2. ? Flowers deep-crimson. Petals small, narrow, with curled margins. Stigma lunate, pale-red, recurved. Var. a, Pallasii (Anders. 1. c.) leaflets narrow, oblong. Native of the Crimea. Var. ft, elatior (Anders. 1. c.) leaflets broad, oblong. Comely Paeony. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? PI. 2 to 3 feet. 16 P. ARIETI'NA (Anders. 1. c. p. 275.) carpels downy, arched, spreading ; segments of leaves, 3-lobed and pinnatifid, decurrent, oval-oblong, flattish, hairy underneath. 7/ • H. Native of the Levant. Var. a, Andersbnii (Anders. 1. c.) flowers of a deep rose- colour ; petals a little curled. — J. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 493. Var. ft, Oxoniensis (Anders. 1. c. p. 276.) flowers flesh- coloured; petals jagged-curled. P. arietina carnea, D. C. prod. 1. p. 66. — Mor. hist. 2. p. 454. R am's-horn capsuled Pseony. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? PI. 2 ft. 17 P. PEREGRINA (Mill. diet. no. 3.) carpels downy, straight ; segments of leaves unequally jagged, with entire ovate- lanceolate wrinkled lobes, hairy and glaucous underneath. I/ . H. Native of the south of Europe in mountain meadows. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1050. P. peregrina y, D. C. syst. 1. p. 390. P. promiscua, Lobel. icon. 683. Tausch. 1. c. Flowers crimson, with erose petals. Var. ft, Grevillei (Anders. 1. c. p. 280.) leaflets deeply jagged and undulated, sometimes twisted, narrow, acute, wrinkled, glaucous, particularly beneath, with reddish margins ; calyx smooth. Var. y, compdcta (Anders. 1. c. p. 279.) leaflets dark green, broad-ovate, flat, not waved nor jagged, with very blunt seg- ments ; lateral leaflets 3-lobed or ternate, crowded so as to over- lap each other ; calyx hairy at the base ; carpels generally two. Var. S, multiplex ; flowers double, purplish ; lobes of leaves elongated, rather hairy. P. hirsuta, Mill. diet. no. 4. — Mor. hist. 3. p. 455. sect. 12. t. 1. f. 17. Foreign Paeony. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1629. PL 1 to 2 ft. 18 P. OFFiciNA'tis (Lin. spec. 747. var. a faemina,) carpels recurved, tomentose ; segments of leaves unequally jagged, with the divisions oblong-lanceolate, smooth, glaucous, and somewhat pilose beneath. }/ . H. Native of Europe in shady places on mountains. — Lobel. icon. 682. — Besl. eyst. vern. ord. 6. p. 15. f. 1.— Mor. hist. 3. sect. 12. t. 1. f. 7. P. Tatarica, Mill. diet, no. 5. D. C. syst. 1. p. 392. P. peregrina var. ft, D. C. syst. 1. p. 390. P. paradoxa var. y. Tatarica, D. C. prod. 1. p. 66. Dioscorides celebrates this plant as useful in promoting natural discharges when deficient, and restraining some of them when too abundant. Flowers red or crimson. Var. ft, multiplex; leaves difformly lobed, pubescent. Mill. icon. 2. t. 199. Officinal Paeony. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1548. PI. 2 feet. 19 P. PARADO'XA (Anders. 1. c. p. 288.) carpels downy, straight ; segments of leaves many-parted, blunt, and somewhat waved, glaucous and hairy underneath. l/.H. Native of Spain and the south of France on mountains. A. Lusitanica, Mill. diet, no. 6. Tausch. Vorgel. inSitz. bot. Gesell. vol. 4. 1827. Flowers of a violet crimson-colour, with obovate jagged petals, which are often bifid. Var. a, simpliciflora (Anders. 1. c. p. 289.) stem altogether smooth; flowers of 8 petals. — Besl. hort. eyst. ord. 6. t. 14. f. 3. Var. ft, fmbriata (Anders. 1. c. p. 290.) stem hardly hairy ; flowers double ; petals more linear and divided than any of the varieties of P. festiva. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 19. P. humilis, Willd. enum. 572. Hort. Prague. Double-fringed Paeony, Hort. trans. 2. p. 276. Var. y, leocdrpa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 66.) carpels quite smooth. Paradoxical Paeony. Fl. June. Clt.? PI. 1 to H foot. 20 P. MO'LLIS (Anders. 1. c. p. 282.) carpels downy, straight ; segments of leaves oval-lanceolate, flat, lobed, overlapping each other, clothed with greyish hairs underneath. If. H. Native of Siberia ? Lod. bot. cab. 1263. Calyx pubescent on the out- side. Flowers small, of a dull purplish red. Soft-leaved Paeony. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? PI. 1 foot. 21 P. PU'BENS (Sims, bot. mag. 2264.) leaves biternate ; leaflets lanceolate, acuminated, densely clothed with soft pubes- cence beneath; ovaries clothed with whitish tomentum, each crowned by a somewhat orbicular stigma ; stem, petioles, and peduncles hairy. If,. H. Native of? Flowers large, dark- purple ; anthers yellow. Downy Pseony. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1821. PL H foot. 22 P. VILLO'SA (Sweet, fl. gard. t. 113.) carpels densely tomentose, erect, but somewhat incurved at the apex ; leaves villous, pubescent, and whitish-glaucous beneath, lower ones somewhat triternate, upper ones ternate ; leaflets pinnatifid ; seg- ments oblong-lanceolate, elongated, incurved at the apex. If. . H. Native of France ? Flowers white. P. sessiliflora, Sims, bot. mag. t. 2648. ratoas Paeony. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. PL H foot. Cult. The Moutan or Tree Pceony and its numerous varieties are much esteemed for the beauty of their flowers. They are quite hardy, but as their blossoms are apt to be injured by the cold blasts of spring ; glass-frames to answer the size of the plants should be placed over them, under which they will blossom in great perfection. A rich loamy soil suits them best. Cuttings taken off in August or September, with a part of the wood of the preceding year attached, and planted in a sheltered situation, will root freely. They may be also increased by layers : the shoots before they are layed down require to have a longitudinal slit made on the under side ; however, in this way they are longer in emitting roots than the cuttings. The hardy herba- ceous species are amongst the most shewy of border-flowers. They thrive best in a rich loamy soil, and are easily increased by dividing the plants at the roots, taking care to leave a bud to each slip, or by seeds ; by. the last method many new varieties may be raised. K2 68 DILLENIACE^E. I. TETRACERA. ORDER II. DILLENIA'CE^E. (plants agreeing with Dille- nia in many important characters.) D. C. ann. mus. 17. p. 400. syst. 1. p. 395. prod. 1. p. 67. Parts of flower imbricate in the bud. Calyx of 4 or 5 perma- nent sepals (f. 15. a. f. 16. a.) but in Empedoclea numerous. Petals 4-5, permanent (f. 1 9. a.) or deciduous (f. 16. a.) alternating with the sepals. Stamens indefinite, free, (f. 1 7. a. f. 1 9. 6.) or polydelphous. Anthers adnate, bursting inwards or laterally (f. 1 7. e.). Carpels 1-celled, numerous, usually from 2 (f. 16. d.) to 5 (f. 15. a.) but sometimes solitary from abortion, capsular, baccate (f. 19. c.), or 2-valved (f. 15. e.), free (f. 15. a.), or connected into one fruit (f. 19. c.). Seeds attached to the inner angle of the cells of the carpels, usually in 2 rows, numerous or few, sometimes solitary from abortion (f. 15. e. f. 16. e.). Embryo small, placed in the base of a cartilaginous albumen. Elegant evergreen trees, shrubs, or climbing shrubs, with alternate simple, feather-nerved, entire (f. 17.), or toothed (f. 19.) leaves. Flowers solitary (f. 16, 18, 19.), racemose (f. 17.) or panicled (f. 15.), terminal or lateral, usually yellow, emulating those of Cistus. This order differs from Ranunculacece in the sepals being permanent, as well as in the anthers never bursting outwards, and from Magnoliacece and Anonaceae in the parts of the flowers being disposed in a qui- nary order, not often ternary as in these orders. The medical properties of this order are hardly known ; a decoction of their leaves or bark is astringent, but it is neither bitter nor aromatic, and is used for gargles, and the acid juice of the fruit of some species of Dillenia is used in India, mixed with water, as a pleasant beverage in fevers. The foliage of many of the species being extremely scabrous, are used, when dried, for the same purposes as fish-skin and sand-paper in Europe ; those of Trachytella dspera are even employed in China for polishing works of metals. The seeds of the plants belonging to this order, retain their vegetative power but for a very short time, therefore the sooner they are sown after their arrival the more likely they will be to vegetate. Many of them will not retain their power of vege- tating more than 6 weeks or 2 months after they have been col- lected from the plant. Synopsis of the Genera. TRIBE I. DELIMA'CE*:. (D. C. syst. 1. p. 396. prod. 1. p. 67.) Filaments of stamens dilated at the apex, bearing on both sides the separated roundish cells of the anthers. 1 TETRAD CERA. Flowers usually dioecious or polygamous; male flowers with an indefinite number of stamens ; female ones with 1-5 capsular 1 -seeded carpels, which are girded by 4 or 6 imbricate sepals (f. 15. a. d.}. Petals 3-6 (f. 15. 6.). 2 DAVI'LLA. Stamens indefinite. Carpel 1-3, capsular, inde- hiscent, testaceous, 1-2-seeded, inclosed within the two inner sepals which are concave, and joined together in the form of valves, the three outer ones are small. Petals 2-3. 3 EMPEDO'CLEA. Stamens indefinite. Carpel 1 , oblong, py- ramidal, 6-seeded, baccate ? trigonal, with one of the angles bearded. Sepals numerous, imbricate. Petals 3. 4 DOLIOCA'RPUS. Stamens indefinite. Carpel baccate, 1-2- seeded. Sepals 5, concave, unequal. Petals 3-5. 5 DELI^ MA. Stamens indefinite. Carpel 1, capsular, 1-2- seeded. Sepals 5. Petals 4-5. 6 CURATE'LLA. Stamens numerous. Carpels 2, capsular, 1-2-seeded. Sepals and petals 4-5. 7 TRACHYTE'LLA. Stamens indefinite. Carpels 1-2, baccate, many-seeded. Sepals and petals 4-5. 8 RE'CCHIA. Stamens 10. Ovaries 2. Sepals and petals 5. TRIBE II. DILLE'NE*. (D. C. syst. 1. p. 397. prod. 1. p. 70.) Filaments of stamens not dilated at the apex (f. 16. c. f. 17. a.) bearing on both sides the elongated oblong cells of the anthers (f. 17. e.). 9 PACHYNE'MA. Stamens 7, 10, free. Filaments broad, and thick at the base (f. 16. &.). Ovaries 2 (f. 16. d.~) or 3 ; styles awl-shaped (f. 16. rf.). Sepals and petals 5 (f. 16. a.), but the petals soon fall off. 10 HEMISTE'MMA. Stamens indefinite, all leaning to one side (f. 17. a.), outer ones sterile, of the form of scales. Ovaries 2 (f. 17. &.), styles filiform. Sepals and petals 5 (f. 17. d.). 1 1 PLEURA'NDRA. Stamens 5-20, all leaning to one side and fertile (f. 18. e.). Ovaries 2 (f. 18. c.) ; styles filiform. Sepals and petals 5 (f. 18. a.). 12 CANDO'LLEA. Stamens indefinite, collected into many bundles. Ovaries 2-5 ; styles filiform. Sepals and petals 5. 13 ADRASTJE'A. Stamens 10, free, equal; filaments flat, bearing the oblong cells of the anthers on the margin. Ovaries 2 ; styles conical-awl-shaped. Sepals and petals 5. 14 HIBBE'RTIA. Stamens indefinite, free, filiform, equal ; an- thers, oval-oblong. Ovaries from 1-15 ; styles filiform, in- flexed. Sepals and petals 5. 15 WO'RMIA. Stamens indefinite, free, filiform, equal. Ova- ries 5, distinct; styles filiform; stigmas emarginate. Sepals and petals 5. 16 COLBE'RTIA. Stamens indefinite, 10-50 of which are much longer than the rest. Ovaries 4-12, joined together into one bac- cate fruct, crowned by the diverging styles. Sepals and petals 5. 17 CAPE'LLIA. Stamens indefinite, the inner ones much longer than the rest in one row. Capsules membranous, connected together into dry globose fruit. Sepals and petals 5. 18 DILLE'NIA. Stamens indefinite, free, equal (f. 19.6.); carpels 10-20, joined together into a spurious, many-celled, baccate fruit (f. 19. c.), and crowned by the radiating stigmas (f. 19. d.). Sepals and petals 5, both permanent (f. 19. a.). Tribe I. DELIMA'CE^E (plants agreeing with Delima in some cha- racters). D. C. syst. 1. p. 397. prod. 1. p. 67. Filaments of stamens dilated at the apex, bearing on both sides the roundish separated cells of the anthers. Styles filiform (f. 15.d.), acute. Carpels capsular (f. 15. a.), bladder-formed or baccate. Mostly climbing shrubs, seldom trees, with terminal racemes or panicles of flowers (f. 15.). 1 TETRACERA (from rtrpae, tetras, four-fold, and /ctpac, keras, a horn ; because of the four capsules, recurved like as many horns. However, the genus has received an accession of DILLENIACE^E. I. TETRACEKA. species with 1-5 capsules, which invalidate the strict propriety of its name, and render its situation in the Linnean System truly ambiguous). Lin. gen. no. 683. Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 336. t. 69. D. C. syst. 1. p. 397. prod. 1. p. 67. LIN. SYST. Diofcia or Polygamia, Polydndria. Calyx of 4-6 permanent sepals. Petals 3-6, deciduous. Flowers usually dioecious or polygamous, female ones with an indefinite number of stamens, male ones with 1-5, but usually 4, capsular carpels, girded by the imbricate sepals (f. 15. a.). Seeds 1 (f. 15. e.) or 2, ovate, shining, arillate. Flowers yellow or white. Mostly climbing shrubs rarely erect. 1 T. VOLU'BILIS (Lin. spec. 617.) leaves obovate, blunt, very rough, somewhat toothed at end ; flowers panicled, rather loose ; peduncles velvety, ^i . r^. S. Native of the island of Barbadoes, Brazil, and South America about Panama. Gaert. fruct. 1 . p. 336. t. 69. f. 3.— Breyn. exot. 20. t. 6. Capsules clothed with some hairs at the apex. Twining Tetracera. Fl. ? Clt. 1818. Shrub, cl. 2 T. OBLONGAVTA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 399.) leaves oblong, blunt, sinuately-toothed, scabrous on both surfaces ; flowers crowded, in simple, dense racemes ; peduncles smooth, fj . *"\ S. Native of Brazil, about Rio Janeiro. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 67. Like T. volubilis, but differing from it in the branches and peduncles being very smooth. Capsules 3, smooth. Petals 3, white. OWong-leaved Tetracera. Fl. March. Shrub cl. 3 T. LI'MA (Willd. ined. in herb. Bonpl. D. C. syst. l.p. 399.) leaves oblong, blunt, cuneated at the base, entire, scabrous on both surfaces ; peduncles panicled, pubescent. Tj . w. S. Na- tive of Brazil. Petals oblong, blunt, narrow, a little longer than the calyx. The two outer sepals small, the three inner ones connivent and concave. Rasp-leaved Tetracera. Shrub cl. 4 T. ACUMINA'TA (D.C. syst. 1. p. 399.) leaves oval-oblong, acuminated, serrulated, scabrous on both surfaces ; peduncles racemose, pubescent, fj. w. S. Native of South America? The two outer sepals are very short ; the three inner ones orbi- cular. Acuminated-\ea.\e&. Tetracera. Shrub cl. 5 T. HI'SPIDA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 629.) leaves lanceolate, tapering to both ends, serrulated, smooth above, but discoloured below, and strigose at the veins ; peduncles axillary, racemose, and are, as well as the branchlets, hairy, fj . ,_,. S. Native of Brazil. Hispid Tetracera. Shrub cl. 6 T. JAMAICE'NSIS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 399.) leaves oval-oblong, acutish, somewhat serrulated, drawn out at the base along the petioles, smoothish on both surfaces; peduncles racemose, gla- brous, rather roughish. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica. Jamaica Tetracera. Shrub, cl. 7 T. OVALIFO'LIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 400.) leaves oval, obtuse, quite entire, roughish on both surfaces ; peduncles racemosely panicled, somewhat velvety, fj . w. S. Native of Cayenne. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 68. Sepals roundish, exterior ones velvety on the back, interior ones ciliated at their margins (f. 15. a.). Oval-leaved Tetrar >ra. Shrub cl. 8 T. ROTUNDIFO'LIA (Smith, in Rees, cycl. vol. 35.) leaves round- ish-elliptical, entire, scabrous on both surfaces ; panicles terminal ; flowers hermaphrodite, with four styles, smooth inside. I? . S. Na- tive of Guiana. Capsules 3-4, FIG. 15. oval, smooth, shining, compressed, inflated, smaller than those of T. volubilis. Round-leaved Tetracera. Shrub cl. 9 T. MULTIFLO'RA (D.C. syst. 1. p. 400.) leaves oval, rather obtuse, sinuately toothed at the apex, smooth, drawn out along the petiole ; panicle many-flowered ; pedicels smooth. Jj • S. Native of Para. Deless. icon. sel. 1. 1. 69. Flowers monogynous. Many-flowered Tetracera. Shrub cl. 10 T. ALNIFO'LIA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1243.) leaves oval-oblong, blunt, or somewhat acute, glabrous, upper surface roughish, under surface smooth, somewhat denticulated at the top ; pe- duncles panicled, somewhat pubescent. Jj . w. S. Native in woods along the coast of Guinea from the river Senegal to Congo. Petals obovate, scarcely longer than the calyx. Alder-leaved Tetracera. Fl. Jan. Feb. Clt. 1793. Shrub cl. 11 T. POTATO'RIA (Afz.) leaves oblong, glabrous, dark-green, toothed, sessile, somewhat sheathing at the base ; panicle large, terminal. fj . w. S. Native of Sierra Leone on the mountains. Leaves large, sometimes more than half a foot long. This shrub, when cut across, yields a quantity of clear, whole- some water ; hence it has obtained the name of Water Tree in the colony of Sierra Leone. Drinking Tetracera or Water Tree. Fl.? Clt. 1822. Shrub cl. 12 T. OBOVA'TA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 401.) leaves large, obo- vate, obtuse, tapering to the base, smooth, entire, brownish vel- vety on the under surface ; flowers panicled. ^ . w. S. Native of the coast of Guinea from the river Senegal to Cape Coast. O6o«a«e-leaved Tetracera. Fl. Jan. Feb. Clt. 1822. Shrub cl. 13 T. SENEGALE'NSIS (D.C. syst. 1. p. 401.) leaves oval, rather acute, quite entire, smooth ; peduncles panicled, many- flowered. Tj . ^\ S. Native of Senegal. Calyx of 5, nearly orbicular sepals. Petals 3. Senegal Tetracera. Shrub cl. 14 T. UE'VIS (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 71.) leaves oblong, acumi- nated, nearly entire, smooth ; racemes terminal, simple. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Capsules 4, roundish, ventricose, mucronate, very smooth, shining. Smooth Tetracera ? Shrub cl. 14 T. EURYA'NDRA (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 71.) leaves oval, ob- tuse, quite entire, smooth ; peduncles paniculately-racemose, pu- bescent. 5. vy. S. Native of New Caledon. Euryandra scan- dens. Forst. prod. no. 228, gen. no. 41. t. 41. Deless. icon, sel. 1. t. 70. Petals 3, oblong, longer than the calyx. Broad-stamened Tetracera. Shrub cl. 16 T. RHEE'DII (D. C. syst. 1. p. 402.) leaves oblong, acumi- nated at both ends, quite entire, smooth ; panicle branched, somewhat dichotomous ; flowers of 4 sepals. J? . w. S. Native of Malabar in mountainous and rocky places. Acara-pats jotti. Rheed. mal. 5. p. 15. t. 8. Very like T. Assa, but differing from it in the leaves being large, oblong, and entire. Flowers white, sweet-scented ; anthers flesh-coloured. Carpels dark- red, shining. Rheede's Tetracera. Fl. Sept. Oct. Shrub cl. 17 T. A'SSA (D.C. syst. 1. p. 402.) leaves oval, acuminated at both ends, a little denticulated, upper surface smooth, under surface, as well as peduncles, pubescent ; panicle 4-5 flowered ; sepals 4, smoothish. Jj . w. S. Native of the East Indies. T. Malabarica, Lam. ill. t. 485. f. 1. A'ssa ex&tica, Gmel. syst. 839. Ay-assa, Rumph. amb. 7. p. 20 ? Ay-assa Tetracera. Shrub cl. 18 T. WAHI,BO'MIA (D.C. syst. 1. p. 403.) leaves elliptical, acuminated at the top, and serrated, stipulate at base, with the under surface, as well as peduncles, pubescent ; panicle 4 or 5- flowered ; sepals 4, villous on the outside. fy . S. Native of Java. Wahlbomia I'ndica. Thunb. act. holm. 1790. p. 215. t. 9. Lam. ill. t. 485. 70 DILLENIACE^E. II. DAVILLA. Wahlbom's Tetracera. Shrub cl. 19 T. TIGAREA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 403.) leaves roundish, somwehat repand, rough on both surfaces as well as branches ; panicles, branched, many-flowered. Jj.^.S. Native of Guiana and Cayenne in woods. Tigarea aspera, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 920. t. 350. Tetr. aspera, Willd. spec. Calyx persistent, outer sepals a little reflexed, inner ones conniving. This species, as well as the following, is called Liane rouge in French Cayenne, from its colour in an infusion of water, which the natives consider a remedy for syphilis. Flowers monogynous with 4 white petals. Tigarea is the name of this plant in Guiana. Tigarea Tetracera. Fl. Jan. Shrub cl. 20 T. TOMENTO SA (Willd. spec. pi. 2. p. 1241.) leaves ovate, acuminated, toothed, upper surface smooth, under surface, as well as the branches, are tomentose. Jj . w. S. Native of Cayenne in woods. Tigarea dentata, Aubl. Guian. 2. p. 920. t. 351. Flowers white, monogynous. Tomentose Tetracera. Fl. Jan. Shrub cl. 21 T. CUSPIDA'TA (Mey. prim. fl. esseq. p. 205.) leaves oval- oblong, with cuspidate serratures, under surface tomentose; pe- duncles 1-flowered, in axillary fascicles. ^ • w S. Native of the island of Arowabish in Guiana in dry woods. Flowers mono- gynous. Cuspidate-toothed Tetracera. Shrub cl. 22 T. SERI'CEA (Blum. bijd. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnaea 1. p. 491.) leaves oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, serru- lated at the apex, pubescent beneath, as well as the branchlets and pedicels ; racemes 4-5-flowered ; flowers trigynous ; sepals and petals silky on the inside. T} . w. S. Native of Java. >Sritty-flowered Tetracera. Shrub cl. 23 T. ERE'CTA (Sesse, etMoc. fl. mex. icon, et D. C. syst. 1. p. 404.) leaves obovate, rather bluntish at end, acutely toothed, attenuately-cuneated at the base ; panicle much branched. Tj . S. Native of Mexico. The flowers are either hermaphrodite, po- lygamous or monoecious. Erect Tetracera. Shrub 10 feet. 24 T. LUVTEA (Spreng. neue. entd. 1. p. 164.) leaves ellip- tical-oblong, quite entire, shining ; peduncles lateral, racemose. Tj. S. Native of Brazil. Calyx coloured. Corolla yellow. Flowers monogynous. Capsules 3. Yellorv-fiowereA Tetracera. • Shrub cl. 25 T. PERRINIANA (Spreng. neue. entd. l.p. 164.) leaves elliptical, shining on both surfaces, obsoletely serrulated ; corymbs of flowers axillary, fj . S. Native of South America ? Calyx 4-5-sepals. Corolla white. Flowers monogynous. Capsules 4. Perrin's Tetracera. Shrub, cl. 26 T. ARBORE'SCENS (Mai. misc. 1. no. 2. p. 45.) leaves obovate, quite entire, smooth ; flowers disposed in axillary and terminal panicles. ^ . S. Native of Sumatra. Arillus jagged, yellowish. Arborescent Tetracera. Shrub 16 feet. 27 T. DICHO'TOMA (Blum, bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnaea l.p. 492.)leaves elliptical, acute at both ends, toothletted from the middle to the apex, with the veins on the under surface, as well as the pedicels pubescent ; peduncles sub-dichotomous ; sepals smooth and ciliated, tj . w. S. Native of Java. Flowers trigynous, subumbellate. Z)k7wtomow*-peduncled Tetracera. Shrub cl. 28 T. GRA'CILIS (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oval, acute at both ends, serrulated at the apex, rather villous beneath, as well as the branchlets and pedicels; peduncles 1-2-flowered; sepals 4, ciliated. Jj . w. S. Native of Java. Flowers trigynous. Slender Tetracera. Shrub cl. 29 T. RI'GIDA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oval, tapering to both ends, repand at the apex, stiff, scabrous beneath ; panicle diva- ricating, tomentose ; sepals and petals silky-villous on the inside. I? . w. S. Native of Java. Flowers trigynous. •SVj^-leaved Tetracera. Shrub cl. 30 T. FAGIFO'LIA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves ovate-elliptical, acute, serrated at the apex, scabrous beneath ; panicle compound, pyra- midal, tomentose ; sepals and petals ciliated. Tj . ^. S. Native of Java. Flowers trigynous. Beech-leaved Tetracera. Shrub cl. Cult. Handsome shrubs, well adapted for covering rafters in stoves. They succeed best in a mixture of turfy loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will strike root freely if planted in a pot of sand and placed in heat under a hand-glass. II. DAVI'LLA (in honour of Henry Catherine Davilla, a celebrated Italian historian, died 1599.) Vand. fl. lus. et bras, prod. 115. t. 2. f.14. D. C. syst. 1. p. 404. prod. 69. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Mono-Digynia. Calyx of 5 permanent sepals, the three outer ones small. Petals 2-3, deciduous. Stamens indefinite. Carpels 1-2, capsular, indehiscent, testaceous, 1 or 2-seeded, inclosed by the two interior joined, concave, opposite, valvseform sepals. Seed somewhat globose. 'The habit of the shrubs is very near Tetracera or Delima, and appears to be the link between these two genera. 1 D. FLEXUO SA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 17. t. 2.) plant quite smooth ; leaves elliptical, obtuse at both ends, quite entire, cori- aceous ; racemes nearly simple ; carpels 3, opening irregularly. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, at the mouth of the Rio Doce near the Fort called Quartel da Regencia. An upright shrub, branch- ing from the base ; branches reddish and flexuous. Leaves 2-3- inches long. Flowers yellow. Flexuous-brancheA Davilla. Shrub 6 feet. 2 D. ELLI'PTICA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 17.) stem erect, much branched, leaves elliptical, quite blunt at both ends, quite entire, coriaceous, rough above, but pubescent beneath and reticulately veined ; petioles villous beneath ; racemes villous, bracteate ; calyxes silky ; petals 1-6 rather obcordate ; pistils twin. J; . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Novas, where it is called by the natives Cambaibinha, and is considered by them to be a vul- nerary. The natives of Brazil usually wash wounds with a decoc- tion of Quinquina ; in the Certao or Great Desert they make a si- milar use of the inner bark of this shrub, as well as that of Cu- ratella Cabaiba. It is a powerful astringent. Elliptical-leafed Davilla. Fl. May. Shrub 6 feet. 3 D. CASTANE^FOVLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 17.) branches rather hairy ; leaves oblong-elliptical, quite obtuse at the base, somewhat pointed at the apex, remotely serrated, and furnished with parallel nerves, pilose above, pubescent beneath, and reti- culately veined, rather wrinkled on both surfaces ; calyx silky ; petals 5, obcordate ; pistils twin. tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of St. Paul in grassy fields. Shrub branched from the base. Flowers yellow. Var. ft,Jloribvnda (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 18.) leaves broader, shorter, and blunt, less toothed, and the flowers more crowded and smaller than in the species. Chesnut-leaved Davilla. Fl. May. Shrub 3-5 feet. 4 D. RUGO'SA (Poir. diet, suppl. 2. p. 457.) stem climbing ; branches hairy ; leaves oblong, very remotely and obsoletely ser- rated, wrinkled above and villous beneath on the nerves ; petioles very villous beneath ; peduncles and pedicels hairy ; petals 2-3 ; pistils usually only 1. Tj.w. S. Native of Brazil from the mouth of the Rio Doce to the confines of the province of St. Catherine, and in the province of Rio Janeiro, where it is called Cisso de Carijo, in the province of Minas Geraes Cambaibinha, and in the southern parts of St. Paul Cipo de Coboclo. St. Hil. pi. usu. bras. t. 23. D. Braziliana, D. C. syst. 1. p. 405. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 71. but not of Kunth. Flowers yellow. The natives of the interior make use of the pliant stems of this plant for bands, and they employ a fomentation of the leaves for 1 DILLENIACE^E. III. EMPEDOCLEA. IV. DOLIOCARPUS. V. DELIMA. 71 the purpose of allaying swellings of the legs, so common in that country. Wrinkled-leaved Davilla. Fl. May, July. Shrub cl. 5 D. MACROPHY'LLA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 18.) stem climbing ; branches rougliish; leaves oblong-elliptical, acuminated, repand, smooth, but pilose on the nerves beneath ; petals 5, quite entire ; pistil 1. f; . ^. S. Native of Brazil in the northern parts of the province of Minas Geraes called Minas Novas. Flowers yellow. Long-leaved Davilla. Fl. July. Shrub cl. 6 D. ANGUSTIFOLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. l.p. 19.) stem climbing; branches villous ; leaves oblong-linear, acute, quite entire, smooth on both surfaces, but pilose on the nerves beneath ; petioles vil- lose ; petals 3, obcordate ; pistils twin. Tj . w. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers yellow. Narrow-leaved Davilla. Fl. March. Shrub cl. Cult. Fine upright or climbing shrubs, requiring the same treatment as that recommended for Tetracera. HI. EMPEDO'CLEA (to the memory of Empedocles, a fa- mous philosopher of Agrigentum in Sicily, who, among other things, wrote on the nature of plants.) St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 19. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of many ovate permanent sepals, usually 13, closely imbricated and very obtuse. Petals 3, hypogynous, deciduous. Stamens indefinite. Ovary 1, oblong, pyramidal, trigonal, with one of the angles bearded, 1- celled, 6-seeded. Fruit baccate, crowned by one awl-shaped style. — A shrub with simple leaves and white flowers. 1 E. ALNIFO LIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 20. t. 3.) Jj . S. Na- tive of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, among bushes in humid places. An erect shrub, with broad-elliptical leaves, which are blunt at both ends, and running into the petiole at the base, coarsely serrated, smooth above but rusty beneath. Racemes terminal and rising from the axils of the upper leaves. Alder-leaved Empedoclea. Shrub 4 feet. Cult. This handsome shrub will grow well in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will strike root, if planted in a pot of sand and placed under a hand-glass, in heat. IV. DOLIOCA'RPUS (from So\toc, dolios, deceitful, capjroc, karpos, a fruit ; because though beautiful are poisonous). Roland, act. holm. 1759. p. 249. t. 9. D. C. syst. 1. p. 405. prod. 1. p. 69. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5, concave, unequal, permanent sepals. Petals 3-4, roundish, deciduous. Stamens indefinite. Carpel 1, baccate, 1 or 2-seeded. Mostly sarmentose shrubs, with the appearance of Tetracera. 1 D. ROLA'NDRI (Gmel. syst. 805.) scandent ; leaves oblong, acuminated, toothed at the apex ; peduncles lateral, 1 -flowered, glomerate ; flowers 3-petalled. J? . w. S. Native of Surinam, and Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. — Rol. act. holm. 1756. p. 260. t. 9. f. 1-2-3. Tetracera doliocarpus, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1241. D. Bcandens, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 497. Flowers white, axillary glomerate. (St. Hil.) Rolander's Doliocarpus. Fl. May, Oct. Shrub cl. 2 D. STRI'CTCS (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 498.) stem strict ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, - .oothed, deflexed ; flowers terminal, 3-petalled. 1;. S. Native of Surinam. Tetracera stricta, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1241. D. major, Gmel. syst. 805. Upright Doliocarpus. Shrub 6 feet. 3 D. CALINEA (Gmel. syst. 805.) stem scandent; leaves oblong, acuminated, quite entire ; peduncles lateral, many- flowered : flowers 3-petalled. lj . ,_,. S. Native of Guiana in woods. Calinea scandens, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 556. t. 221. Te- tracera scandens, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1241. Soramia, Lam. ill. t. 463. f. 2. Petals white. The name Calinea is of doubtful origin, it is perhaps the name of the shrub in Guiana. Calinea Tetracera. Fl. April. Clt. 1822. Shrub cl. 4 T. SORAMIA (D.C. syst. 1. p. 406.) stem scandent, leaves obovate, quite entire ; peduncles lateral, somewhat corymbose ; flowers 5-petalled. T? . w. S. Native of Guiana on the banks of the river Sinemari. Soramia Guianensis, Aubl. guian. 1 . p'. 552. t. 219. Tetracera obovata, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1241. Mappia Schreb. gen. no. 1755. Berries about the size and colour of a cherry. Petals white. Soramia is the name of this shrub in Guiana. Soramia Doliocarpus. Fl. May. Shrub cl. Cult. A genus of fine upright, or climbing shrubs, requiring the same treatment as that recommended for Tetracera. V. DELFMA (from delimo, to file or shave off; because the leaves of some of the species are used for polishing). Lin. amoen. 1. p. 403. Juss. gen. p. 339. Gsert. fruct. 2. p. 112. t. 106. D.C. syst. 1. p. 406. prod. 1. p. 69. . LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 permanent sepals. Petals 3-5, roundish, deciduous. Stamens indefinite. Carpel 1 , capsular, 1 -2-seeded. Flowers sometimes dioecious from abortion. Climbing shrubs, with the habit of Tetracera. 1 D. SARMENTO'SA (Lin. spec. 736.) leaves ovate-oblong, ser- rated, rigid, scabrous; flowers hermaphrodite, panicled, apeta- lous ; ovaries and capsules smooth, fj . ^. S. Native of the island of Ceylon. Burm. ind. 122. t. 37. f. 1. Tetrkcera sar- mentosa, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 70. This shrub is called in Ceylon Koroswael and Korossaniael, from the verb Korossa, to smooth, in allusion to the leaves, which are used for polishing utensils. Sarmentose Delima. Fl. Clt. 1820. Shrub, cl. 2 D. TRIPE'TALA (Blum, bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnaea 1. p. 492.) leaves obovate, mucronately toothed at the apex ; flowers hermaphrodite, panicled, 3-petalled ; capsule pubescent. J?.^. S. Native of Java. Three-petalled Delima. Shrub cl. 3 D. CASTANE^FO'LIA; leaves crowded, oblong, serrated, smoothish; flowers lateral, sessile. Tj . v-(. S. Native of Brasil. O'thlis. castanesefolia, Schott. in Spreng. syst. app. 407. Calyx of 5 permanent sepals and 2-bracteas, they are imbricate and concave. Petals 5, deciduous. Anthers linear, continuous, with lateral very slender cells. Capsules usually 1 -seeded. Seeds arillate. A rambling shrub. Chesnut-leaved Delima. Shrub cl. 4 D. INTERME'DIA (Blum, bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnaea, 1. p. 492.) leaves oval, hardly acute at the ends, repand- serrated at the apex ; stiff, scabrous ; panicle compound, leafy ; flowers hermaphrodite, 5-petalied ; ovaries and capsules pubes- cent. Tj . w. S. Native of Java. Intermediate Delima. Shrub cl. 5 D. HEBECA'RPA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 407.) leaves obovate, somewhat crenulate, scabrous ; flowers hermaphrodite, panicled, 5-petalled ; ovaries and capsules pubescent, fj . w. S. Native of Java and the Philippine Islands. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 72. Seeds semi-arillate. This shrub is called in the Philippine islands Bois de rape, in allusion to the use of its leaves for polishing. Downy-fruited Delima. Shrub cl. 6 D. MEXICA^NA (Sesse et Moc. fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. syst. 1. p. 407.) leaves oval, bluntish, tapering a little to the base, smooth, serrated; flowers dioecious, panicled, 5-petalled, disposed in sessile fascicles along the branches. ^ . w. S. Na- tive of Mexico. Petals white. Seed ovate, thick, netted. Mexican Delima. Shrub cl. 7 D. GUIANENSIS (Rich, in D. C. syst. 1. p. 408.) leaves ob- long, acuminated at both ends, smooth, somewhat serrated ; flowers dioeceous, axillary, on short pedicels ; fruit globose, pu- 72 DILLENIACE.E. VI. CURATELLA. VII. TRACHYTELLA. VIII. RECCHIA. IX. PACHYNEMA. X. HEMISTEMMA. bescent. Jj . w. S. Native of Guiana. Male flowers unknown. Perhaps a species of Doliocdrpus. Guiana Delima. Shrub cl. 8 D. NI'TIDA (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 70.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, scabrous, quite entire ; flowers hermaphrodite, panicled, 4- petalled. Tj . w. S. Native of the island of Trinidad. Style length of stamens ; stigma somewhat peltate. /Shining-leaved Delima. Shrub cl. 9 D. ? PIRI'PU (D. C. syst. 1. p. 408.) leaves oval-oblong, soft, with the margins undulately-crenated ; flowers panicled, hermaphrodite, pentandrous. Tj . S. Cultivated aboutPananie, &c. in Malabar. Piripu, Rheed. mal. 7. p. 101. t. 54. Flowers white, 5-petalled. Piripu Delima. Fl. December. Shrub cl. Cult. A genus of fine climbing shrubs. The species will thrive in a mixture of loam peat and sand, and ripened cuttings will strike root if planted in a pot of sand with a hand-glass placed over them, in heat. VI. CURATE'LLA (from curatus, worked ; because the leaves, which have a rough surface, are used in Guiana for polishing bows, sabres, and other weapons.) Lin. gen. no. 679. Lam. ill. t. 479. Juss. gen. 282. D. C. syst. 1. p. 409. prod. 1. p. 70. LIN. STST. Polyandria, Digynia. Calyx of 4-5-spreading unequal sepals. Petals 4-5, roundish, deciduous. Stamens in- definite. Carpels 2, capsular, 1 or 2-seeded. Seeds ovate, shin- ing.— Small shrubs, with ovate rough leaves, winged petioles, and white flowers. 1 C. AMERICA' NA (Lin. spec. 248.) leaves ovate, repand, and somewhat denticulated, very rough, running along the petiole at the base ; racemes issuing from the adult branches. Tj . S. Native of South America, particularly Guiana and Peru. Aubl. guian. 1. p. 579. t. 232. Lam. ill. t. 479. Petals white. The leaves of this species are used in Cayenne for polishing wood. The bark is thick, wrinkled, and cracked, and falls off in large pieces. American Curatella. Fl. Aug. Clt. ? Shrub 10 feet. 2 C. CABA'IBA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 22. pi. usu. bras. t. 24.) leaves broad, very blunt, more or less repand-toothed, wrinkled above, downy beneath ; racemes compound, lateral, and are as well as the pedicels and calyx villous. Tj . S. Native of Brasil, where it is called Cabaiba, and where the inhabitants employ the inner bark in the cure of wounds. Cabaiba Curatella. Shrub 6 feet. 3 C. ALA'TA (Vent, clioix. p. 49.) leaves oval, quite entire, smooth ; blunt at both extremities ; petioles winged ; panicle ter- minal, fj . S. Native of Guiana. Perhaps a species of Wbrmia. Jfing-petioled Curatella. Fl. ? Clt. 2 Shrub 10 feet. Cult. A genus of fine shrubs. The species will grow well in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root freely if planted in a pot of sand with a hand-glass placed over them, in^eat. VII. TRACHYTE'LLA, (from rpa^vrric, trachytes, rough- ness ; because the leaves, which have a very rough surface, are used for polishing wood as well as metal). D. C. syst. 1. p. 410. prod. 1. p. 70. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Mono-Digynia. Calyx of 4-5 per- manent sepals. Petals 4-5, deciduous. Stamens indefinite. Carpels 1 or 2, baccate, many-seeded. A perfectly doubtful genus, which was only known to Loureiro. — Climbing shrubs with rough leaves and racemes of white flowers. 1 T. ACTS? A (D. C. syst. 1. p. 410.) leaves lanceolate, some- what serrated ; racemes spiked, linear, interrupted. Jj . w. G. Native of uncultivated places near Canton in China. Actae'a aspera, Lour, cochin, ed Willd. 1 . p. 405. The leaves of this species are used in China for polishing works of wood as well as of metal. 4ctj.G. Na- tive of Carpentaria. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 73. A little leafless shrub with the habit of Ephedra; branches compressed, toothed on the margins with the flowers rising from the axils of these teeth either singly or in pairs (f. 16.). .F/ai-branched Pachynema. Clt. ? Shrub 1 foot. Cult. This shrub will thrive well on a mixture of loam and peat, and cuttings will strike root freely in sand under a hand-glass. X. HEMISTE'MMA a, stemmat DILLENIACEJE. XI. PLEURANDRA. a crown ; because the stamens are all inserted in the side of one of the pistils, not around them). Juss. ined. D. C. syst 1. p. 412. prod. 1. p. 71. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Digynia. Calyx of 5, permanent sepals. Petals 5, obtuse or emarginate. Stamens indefinite, unilateral (f. 17. a.), exterior ones sterile, scale-formed. Ovaries 2 ; styles filiform. Seed girded by a membranous arillus. Al- bumen fleshy. — Small elegant shrubs with yellow flowers. §1. Oppositifolia. Sterile stamens spatulate at the top; petals emarginate. — Species from Madagascar. 1 H. COMMERSO'NII (D. C. syst. 1. p. 413.) leaves opposite, oval-oblong, mucronated ; peduncles tomentose. Tj.S. Native of Madagascar. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 74. Helianthemum coriaceum, var. a, Pers. ench. 2. p. 76. Calyxes woolly. Commer son's Hemistemma. Shrub 1 foot. 2 H. AUBE'RTII (D.C. 1. p. 413.) FIG. 17. leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate, tapering to the base, acute at the top ; peduncles smoothish. Jj . S. Native of Madagascar. Deless. icon sel. 1. t. 75. Helianthemum coriaceum, var. (3, angustifolium. Pers. ench. 2. p. 76. Calyxes clothed with silky down. This shrub is called in Madagascar A ng- zavidi. Auberfs Hemistemma. Shrub 1 foot. % 2. Altermfolia. Sterile sta- mens linear. Petals blunt. — Spe- cies from New Holland. 3 H. DEALBA'TUM (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 41 3.) leaves alter- nate, obovate-oblong, tapering to the base, blunt and mucronate at the top, under surface white from pubescence. Tj . G. Native of Arnheim Land in New Holland. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 76. Whitened Hemistemma. Shrub 1 foot. 4 H. BA'NKSII (R. Br. in D.C. syst. 1. p. 414.) leaves al- ternate, oblong, narrowed at the base, blunt at the top, under surface tomentose. Jj . G. Native of New Holland at Endea- vour River. Flowers sessile, secund. Sir Joseph Banks's Hemistemma. Shrub 1 foot. 5 H. ANGUSTIFO'LIUM (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 414.) leaves alternate, long, linear, acute, under surface whitened. Jj . G. Native of Arnheim Land in New Holland. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 77. Peduncles about the length of the leaves. Flowers secund. Narron-leaved Hemistemma. Shrub 1 foot. 6 H. ? LECHENAU'LTII (D. C. syst. 1. p. 414.) leaves alternate oblong, tapering to the base, truncate at the top, somewhat emar- ginate, under surface whitened. Tj . G. Native of New Holland and the island of St. Francisco. Flowers small, axillary solitary, on very short pedicels. Leschenault's Hemistemma. Shrub 2 feet. Cult. This is a genus of elegant little shrubs, with the ap- pearance of Helidnthemum ; they will thrive best in an equal mixture of sand, loam, and peat, and cuttings will root readily under hand-glasses in the same kind of soil. Those species na- tives of Madagascar require the heat of a stove.f XI. PLEUR A'NDR A (from irXevpov, pleuron, a side, and avijp, aner, a male ; in allusion to the stamens being all inserted in one side of the flower). Lab. nov. holl. 2. p. 5. t. 143 and 144. D. C. syst. 1. p. 415. prod. 1. p. 71. VOL. i. — PARTI. LIN. SYST. Pent. — Heft. — Oct. — Dec Polyandria, Digynia. Calyx of 5, oval, permanent sepals. Petals 5, usually obcor- date. Stamens 5-20, unilateral (f. 18. c.), all fertile. Styles filiform. Carpels 2, membranous, 1-2-seeded. Small shrubs, with solitary yellow flowers seated on the tops of the branches, and entire leaves. Petals emarginate (f. 18. 6.) This is one of those genera which renders the Linnean system truly ambiguous. It contains Pentandrous, Hexandrous, Heptandrous, Octandrous, Decandrous, and Polyandrous plants. § 1. Daphnotdece (plants mith the habit of Daphne) D. C. syst. 1. p. 415. Stamens free. Leaves oblong or obovate, rather large, flat, smooth. 1 P. BRACTEA TA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 415.) leaves oblong, smoothish, mucronulate ; bracteas crowded about the sessile flowers, which are villous on the outside ; ovaries very hairy. Tj . G. Native of New Holland about Port Jackson. Deless. icon. sel. l.t. 78. A beautiful shrub, with the habit of Daphne colltna. Leaves sometimes broad, sometimes narrow. Stamens 12. Bracteated Pleurandra. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. Sh. 2 ft. 2 P. NI'TIDA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 416.) leaves oblong, smooth, mucronate ; bracteas few, somewhat scariouse, smooth ; ovaries tomentose. ^ • G. Native of New Holland about Port Jackson. Very like P. bractedta, but all its parts are smooth except the ovaries. Stamens 7-8. Shining Pleurandra. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. Sh. 2 ft. 3 P. CNEO'RUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 416.) leaves oblong, obtuse, narrowed at the base, and are, as well as the bracteas and calyxes, smooth ; ovaries smoothish. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, in brushy situations on the King's Table Land. Like P. bracteata. Flowers sessile. Stamens 12-15. Widow- Wale like Pleurandra. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1824. Shrub 2 feet. § 2. Alyssoldece (plants with the habit of Alyssum) D. C. syst. 1. p. 416. Stamens free. Leaves oblong or obovate, vel- vety with starry pubescence on both surfaces, or only on the under surface. 4 P. SERI'CEA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 416.) leaves oblong, with revolute margins, upper surface pilose, under surface vel- vety ; branches hairy ; flowers sessile. Tj . G. Native of New Holland on the eastern shore at Port Philip. Deless. icon. sel. l.t. 79. Flowers solitary, terminal, sessile among the leaves. Stamens 7-8. Silky Pleurandra. Shrub 2 feet. 5 P. ASTROTRI'CHA (Sieb. pi. nov. holl. ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 191.) leaves spatulate-linear, rough, rather hairy ; branchlets clothed with starry, powdery pubescence ; peduncles bractless, nodding ; sepals acute. Tj . G. Native of New Holland. Starry-haired Pleurandra. Shrub 2 feet. 6 P. CINE'REA (R. Br. in D.C. syst. 1. p. 41 7.) leaves oblong, with revolute margins, velvety on both surfaces ; branches some- what villous ; flowers solitary on short pedicels. Tj . G. Native of a place called Memory Cove on the southern coast of New Holland. Stamens 7-8. Cinereous Pleurandra. Shrub 2 feet. 7 P. FURFURA'CEA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 417.) leaves oblong, flat, blunt ; upper surface somewhat scabrous, under surface velvety-tomentose ; branches velvety ; flowers on pedi- cels. G. Native of New Holland at King George's Sound. Pedicels an inch long, clothed with starry hairs. Stamens 8-10. Chaffy Pleurandra. Shrub 2 feet. 8 P. PARVIFLO'RA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 417.) leaves obovate, cuneated at the base ; upper surface scabrous, under surface velvety, as well as branches ; flowers on pedicels. ^ • G. L DILLENIACE.E. XII. CANDOLIEA. Native of New Holland near Port Jackson. Flowers small, 3-lines in diameter. Stamens 3-5. Small-flowered Pleurandra. Shrub 2 feet. §3. Hibbertiance (plants with (he habit of HibUrtia). D.C. syst. 1, p, 418. prod. 1. p. 72. Stamens free at the base. Leaves linear or oblong, small, spreading, smooth or scabrous with sim- ple hairs, but not with starry hairs, as in the preceding section. 9 P. OVA'TA (Lab. nov. holl. 2. p. 5. t. 143.) leaves ovate, obtuse, upper surface somewhat scabrous, under surface smooth ; flowers on pedicels ; calyx rather pilose ; ovaries pilose. Tj . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Pedicels terminal, slender, naked, 1-flowered. Stamens 9-12. Ouate-leaved Pleurandra. Shrub 2 feet. 10 P. SCA'BRA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 418.) leaves oblong, blunt ; upper surface scabrous, under surface somewhat canes- cent ; flowers on pedicels ; calyx smoothish ; ovaries tomentose. \) . G. Native of New Holland near Port Jackson. Stamens 7-8. Var. a, leaves oblong-linear. Var. ft, leaves oblong-oval: P. ovata, var. Lab. nov. holl. 2. p. 5. 1. 143 ? Perhaps a proper species between P. sea- bra and P. ovata. Scabrous Pleurandra. Shrub 2 feet. IIP. CAMFORO'SMA (Sieb. pi. nov. holl. ex Spreng. syst. app. 191.) leaves in fascicles, filiform, pilose; branches white with hairs ; flowers solitary, sessile ; sepals smooth, mucronate. fj . G. Native of New Holland. Camphor-scented Pleurandra. Shrub 1 foot. 12 P. RIPA'RIA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 419.) leaves linear, bluntish, almost smooth, with subrevolute margins ; flowers ses- sile ; calyx smooth ; ovaries hairy. ^ . G. Native of New Holland and on the banks of rivers in Van Diemen's Land. Stamens 5-7. River-bank Pleurandra. Shrub 2 feet. 13 P. MICROPHY'ILA (Sieb. 1. c.) leaves crowded, rather terete, obtuse, 4-furrowed, hoary-pubescent ; peduncles short, so- litary, pubescent ; sepals bluntish. Jj . G. Native of New Holland. Small-leaved Pleurandra. Shrub 1 foot. 14 P. PEDUNCULA'TA (R. Br. inD. C. syst. 1. p. 419.) leaves linear, blunt, smooth, with subrevolute margins ; flowers on pe- dicels ; calyx and ovaries smooth. T? . G. Native of the southern coast of New Holland, near a place called Lucky Bay, and Van Diemen's Land. Stamens 7-8 ; filaments very long. Peduncled-fiovrered Pleurandra. Shrub 2 feet. 15 P. EMPETRIFO'LIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 420.) leaves linear, blunt, upper surface somewhat shining, under surface velvety ; flowers on pedicels ; calyx smoothish ; ovaries hairy ; stamens 5. fj . G. Native of New Holland. Pedicels very slender, a little longer than the leaves. Empetrum-leaved Pleurandra. Shrub 1 foot. 16 P. INTERMEDIA (D.C. syst. 1. p. 420.) leaves linear, ob- tuse, with subrevolute margins, upper surface somewhat shining, under surface a little pubescent ; flowers on pedicels ; calyx smooth; ovaries hairy ; stamens 10-15, scattered. Tj . G. Na- tive of New Holland on the mountains. Flowers small ; inner sepals with membranous margins. Intermediate Pleurandra. Shrub 2 feet. 17 P. ERIC«FOVLIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 420.) leaves linear, bluntish, with somewhat revolute margins, upper surface sca- brous, under surface pubescent ; flowers sessile ; calyx some- what villose ; ovaries hairy, t; . G. Native of New Holland. The plant has the appearance of Hibbertia pedunculata. Stamens 10-12. Heath-leaved Pleurandra. Fl. May. Clt. 1824. Sh. 2 ft. 18 P. HYPERICOI'DES (D. C. syst. 1. p. 421.) leaves linear, blunt, with revolute margins; upper surface scabrous, under surface FIG. 18. hoary ; flowers on pedicels ; calyx rather pubescent ; ovaries velvety. Tj . G. Native of. the eastern coast of New Holland. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 81. A small, much branched shrub, having the appear- ance of Rosemary or a narrow- leaved species of Hypericum. Sta- mens 11. (f. 18.) Hypericum-lihe Pleurandra. Sh. 2 feet. 19 P. STRIA'TA (Sieb. pi. nov. holl. ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 191.) leaves linear, callose at the apex, striated, scabrous ; flowers termi- nal, sessile ; sepals acute, pubes- cent. Tj . G. Native of New Holland. Striated Pleurandra. Shrub 1J foot. 20 P. CISTIFLO'RA (Sieb. pi. nov. holl. ex Spreng. 1. c.) leaves linear-filiform, acute, furrowed, full of rough dots ; flowers ses- sile, terminal ; sepals quite smooth, with membranous margins. Tj . G. Native of New Holland. Rchb. hort. hot. t. 79. Rock-rose-flowered Pleurandra.' Shrub 1J foot. 21 P. ENE'RVIA (D.C. syst. 1. p. 421.) leaves linear, rather acute, nerveless, smooth ; flowers sessile ; calyx blunt, mucro- nulate. and is, as well as ovaries, smooth. lj . G. Native of New Holland. A much branched humble shrub. Stamens 15-20. Nerveless-leaved. Pleurandra. Shrub 1 foot. 22 P. ACICULA RIS (Lab. nov. holl. 2. p. 6. t. 144.) leaves linear, awned at the apex, smooth ; flowers on pedicels ; calyx somewhat hispid, mucronate ; ovaries hairy. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, and Cape Van Diemen. Stamens 7-8. Needle-leaved Pleurandra. Fl.May,Ju. Clt. 1822. Sh. 2 ft. 23 P. ACERO'SA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 422.) leaves linear- subulate, with revolute margins, upper surface scabrous, under surface smooth ; flowers on pedicels ; calyx rather scabrous and acute ; ovaries villous. Tj . G. Native of the southern coast of New Holland at a place called Lucky Bay. A very dwarf much branched shrub. Stamens 6-7. Chaffy-leaved Pleurandra. Shrub 1 foot. § 4. Candollednce (plants with the habit of Candollea) D. C. prod. 1. p. 72. Stamens monodelphous at the base. Leaves linear, erect, scarcely spreading. — Perhaps a proper genus. 24 P. STRI'CTA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 422.) leaves linear, bluntish, erect, upper surface scabrous, under surface smooth ; flowers sessile ; calyx somewhat scabrous ; ovaries velvety, tj . G. Native of New Holland near Port Jackson, and in barren brushy situations on the Blue Mountains. An erect, branched shrub. Stamens 5-7. Erect Pleurandra. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1826. Shrub 2 feet. 25 P.CALYCI'NA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 422.) leaves linear, acute, erectish, upper surface scabrous, under surface somewhat pu- bescent ; flowers sessile ; calyx sericeously-velvety ; ovaries hairy. Tj . G. Native of New Holland on forest land near Bathurst. Stem erect, branched. Stamens 5-8. Large-calyxed Pleurandra. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1826. Sh. 2ft. Cult. Pleurandra is a genus of pretty little greenhouse shrubs. They thrive best in an equal mixture of loam, peat, and sand. Ripened cuttings root readily under a hand-glass, in the same sort of soil. XII. CANDO'LLEA (in honour of Augustus Pyramus De Candolle, F. M. R. S. and L. S. Professor of Botany at Geneva, DILLENIACE^:. XIII. ADRASTJEA. XIV. HIBBEHTIA. 75 and author of many approved and useful botanical works. He is justly considered one of the first botanists of the present age). Labill. nov. holl. 2. p. 33. t. 176. . G. Native of New Hol- land on the Blue Mountains. Ker. bot. reg. t. 282. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 347. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2338. Var. /3, pedicels and calyx smooth or scarcely pilose ; leaves more serrated. Tooled-leaved Hibbertia. Fl. Jan. Aug. Clt. 1814. Sh. cl. 4 H. SALI'GNA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 427.) leaves oblong- linear, mucronately-pointed at the apex, quite entire, under sur- face villous ; flowers sessile, with 2-4 styles ; stem erect. Tj . G. Native of New Holland about Port Jackson and among brush- wood in several parts of the Blue Mountains, particularly about Spring Wood. Stamens 25-30. Willow-leaved Hibbertia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1823. Sh. 3 ft. 5 H. PROCU'MBENS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 427.) leaves linear, acu- minated, thickish, smooth, veinless ; flowers nearly sessile, with 3-5 styles ; stems procumbent. J? . G. Native of New Hol- land and Van Diemen's Land. Dillenia procumbens, Lab. nov. holl. 2. p. 16. t. 156. H. angustifolia, Sal. par. lond. no. 73. Flowers the size of those of Lysimachia nummularia. Stamens 16-24. Seeds immersed in pulp. — Perhaps a proper genus. Procumbent Hibbertia. Shrub trailing. 6 H. VIRGA'TA (R. Br. inD. C. syst. 1. p. 428.) leaves linear, bluntish, smooth ; flowers sessile, with 7-8 anthers and 3-4 styles ; stem erect. Tj . G. Native of New Holland about Port Jack- son. A small, slender, smooth shrub. Twiggy Hibbertia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1822. Shrub 2 ft. 7 H. FASCICULA'TA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 428.) leaves linear, awl-shaped, smooth, in fascicles ; branchlets rather pilose ; flowers sessile, with 3-4 styles ; stem erect. T; . G. Native of New Holland about Port Jackson. This shrub has the appear- ance of Hypericum fasciculdtum. Stamens 11-12. F? . H. Native of North America in low, moist, swampy ground at a little distance from the sea, from Massachusetts to Florida and Louisiana, espe- cially in New Jersey and Carolina. Schkuhr. handb. no. 1441. t. 148. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 215. Sims, bot. mag. 2164. Mich, f. arb. amer. 3. p. 77. t. 2. Duham. abr. ed. nov. vol. 2. p. 223. t. 66. Bonpl. nav. p. 103. t. 42. Bigl. med. bot. t. 27. M. fragrans, Sal. prod. 379. M. Virginiana, var. a, glauca, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 538. Fruit red when ripe. Var. ft, argentea; leaves oblong, under surface silvery, whitish- glaucous. Pursh. in herb. Lamb. Var. y, Thomsoniana (Hort. ulan.) a hybrid between M. glauca and M. umbrella, raised from seed by Mr. Thomson, of Mile End Nursery. Var. S, Gordoniana (Hort.) hybrid. Var. c, Burchelliana (Hort.) hybrid. The bark of this tree has a bitter taste, combined with a strong aromatic pungency, which approaches that of Sassafras. The aroma resides in a volatile portion, which is probably an essential oil, or a variety of camphor. It is lost from the bark in a dry state. Water distilled from the green bark has its peculiar flavour, with an empyreumatic smell. The dry bark affords a little resin, and more of a bitter extractive substance. As a medicinal article Magnolia is to be considered an aromatic tonic, approaching in its character to Cascarilla Canella, &c. Chronic rheumatism is one of the diseases in which it exhibits most effi- cacy, all parts of the plant are employed in tincture with very good success in this disease. In intermittent and remittent fevers the bark is one of the many tonics which have been resorted to for the cure of the inhabitants of the marshy countries of North America. Sufficient testimony has been given in its favour as to warrant a belief that it is fully adequate to the removal of fever and ague, when administered like the Cinchona in liberal quan- tities between the paroxysms. Several other species of Magnolia resemble the present very closely in their sensible properties, and as far as have been tried they are similar in their medicinal effects. In order to secure the whole efficacy residing in these trees, a tincture should be made from the bark or cones while green, or very recently dried, before their more volatile parts have escaped. This tree usually grows 15 or 20 feet high. The flowers are white or cream-coloured, and have an agreeable sweet scent. In America this tree is known by the names of White Laurel, Swamp Laurel, Swamp Sassafras, Sweet Bay, and Beaver Tree. It has the last name, because the root is eaten as a great dainty by beavers, and this animal is caught by means of it. Kalm says these trees may be discovered at a distance of 3 miles by the scent of their blossoms, if the wind be favorable. It is beyond description pleasant to travel in the woods at the flowering season, especially in the evening. They retain their flowers for 3 weeks, and even longer. The berries also look very handsome, when they are ripe, being of a rich red colour, and hanging in bunches on slender threads. The inhabitants cure coughs and other pec- toral diseases by putting these berries into brandy, and giving a MAGNOLIACE^E. VIII. MAGNOLIA. 83 draught of the liquor every morning. The wood is made use of for joiners' planes. Dillenius remarks that the flower never opens in the morning, that the calyx falls off at the second open- ing of the flower, but that the petals dry on, and that the scent re- sembles that of the Lily of the Valley, with a mixture of aromatic. G/a!o«<;d-fruited Custard-apple. Fl. April. Clt. 1822. Tree 20 ft. 12 A. PERUVIA'NA (H. et B. ined. Dun. mon. anon. p. 67.) leaves oblong-elliptical, acute, a little coriaceous, somewhat de- current ; peduncles axillary, bracteolate ; petals all acute ; fruit globose, reticulated. ^ • S. Native of Peru in marshes about Guayaquil. A. uliginosa, H. B. et Kth. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 56. Flowers yellow, with the three outer petals furnished with a red spot on the inside at the base of each. Fruit not eatable. Peruvian Custard-apple. Shrub 16 feet. 13 A. AUSTRA'LIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 33.) leaves large, ovate, very blunt at the base, but pointed at the apex, quite smooth ; fruit even. Tj . S. Native of Brasil in the province of St. Catharine ; on the sea-shore very common. A small tree quite smooth, except the buds. Leaves 5-6 inches long, and about 3 broad. The fruit is mature in April, it is ovate and blunt, with a soft compact pulp of the colour of an Apricot, but of an ungrateful taste. The tree is very like A. palustris, but differs greatly in the size and shape of its leaves. Southern Custard-apple. Tree 20 feet. 14 A. CORNIFO^LIA (St. Hil. bras. 1. p. 33.) leaves usually ovate or obovate, generally finely mucronated, smoothish above, puberulous and hoary beneath ; middle nerves and parallel lateral veins rufescent beneath; peduncles 1 -flowered, opposite the leaves ; segments of calyx very short and acuminated. Fj . S. Native of Brasil in the provinces of St. Paul and Minas Geraes, where it is called Araticu do Campo. Outer petals broad-ovate, inner ones oblong-elliptical, usually acuminated. Receptacle with a circle of villi at the base. Fruit scaly, ovate smooth or villous. Leaves 2-4 inches long, and 1-2 broad. Petals very thick, pubescent, yellow, larger than the calyx. This is cer- tainly a very variable shrub. Dogwood-leaved Custard-apple. Shrub 15 feet. 15 A. AMBO'TAY (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 616. t. 249.) leaves oblong-elliptical, under surface rusty-tomentose ; flowers axil- lary, solitary, on very short peduncles ; petals all acute. Tj . S. Native of Cayenne in woods. Dun. mon. anon. p. 67. Flowers very small, greenish. Fruit unknown. Ambotay is the name of the tree in Guiana. Ambotay Custard-apple. Fl. Nov. Shrub 8 feet. 16 A. i-ALuiio'sA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 611. t. 246.) leaves oblong, acute, upper surface somewhat tomentose, under surface silky-tomentose, rufescent, nerved ; flowers on short peduncles : petals all acute ; fruit ovate, tuberculated. fy . S. Native of Guiana in marshy places. Dun. mon. anon. p. 68. Flowers greenish ; petals silky on the outside. Fruit yellow, eatable. Marsh Custard-apple. Fl. Feb. Nov. Clt. 1803. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. § 2. Outer petals ovate, concave, acute, coriaceous, inner ones wanting. Fruit not sufficiently known, and therefore this section of Anona is only added to the genus from the habit of the shrubs. 17 A. ECHINA'TA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 68. t. 4.) leaves ovate- lanceolate, acutish, upper surface smooth, under surface tomen- tose; branches rugose ; peduncles solitary, 1 -flowered; flowers 3-petalled ; fruit egg-shaped, echinated. T? . S. Native of Cayenne. Petals leathery. Echinated-fruiteA Custard-apple. Shrub 12 feet. 18 A. SERI'CEA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 69. t. 5.) leaves ovate- oblong, acuminated, upper surface smooth, under surface as well as branches rusty-tomentose or silky ; flowers 3-petalled, soli- tary, axillary, stalked, rusty on the outside. Jj . S. Native of Cayenne. Flowers nearly like those of A. echinata. Silky-]eaved Custard-apple. Shrub 10 feet. 5) 3. Outer petals linear-oblong, narrow, triquetrous at the apex, somewhat concave at the base, usually closed, concealing the genitals, inner petals very minute. 19 A. saDAMo'sA (Lin. spec. 757.) leaves oblong, bluntish, smooth, full of pellucid dots, rather glaucous beneath ; outer petals nearly closed ; fruit egg-shaped, scaly. ^ . S. Culti- ANONACE^E. I. ANONA. 89 vated throughout both Indies, but it is very likely originally from South America, where it is also cultivated. Jacq. obs. 1. p. 13. t. 6. f. 1. Dun. mon. anon. p. 69. Mill. diet. no. 3. St. Hil. pi. usu. bras. t. 30. Atamaram, Rheed. mal. 3. p. 21. t. 29. A. tuberosa, Rumph. amb. 1. p. 138. t. 46. A. muricata, Vand. scrip, lus. p. 118. A tree or rather a large shrub. Flowers greenish-yellow. Fruit fleshy, covered with tubercular scales, containing a sweet-tasted pulp, which is eaten by the inhabitants of tropical countries. It is commonly called Pinha in Brasil. Sweetsop or /Scaty-fruited Custard-apple. Clt. 1739. Shrub 12 to 20 feet. 20 A. FORSKA'HLII (D. .C. syst. 1. p. 472.) leaves oblong, somewhat elliptical, smooth, dotted, under surface glaucous; outer petals oblong, nearly closed. Tj . S. Native of Egypt. A. glabra, Forsk. aegyp. descr. 102. icon. t. 15. A. Asiatica, var. ft, Dun. mon. anon. p. 71. A. Asiatica, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 7S. A. squamosa, Delile. ill. fl. aegypt. p. 1 7. Very like A. squa- mbsa, but differing in the leaves being more elliptical-oblong than lanceolate, less pointed, more papyraceous, and distinctly dotted, with the under surface glaucous. Forskal's, or Egyptian Custard-apple. Shrub 12 feet. 21 A. CINE'REA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 71. t. 8.) leaves oblong- elliptical, somewhat lanceolate, full of pullucid dots, under sur- face pubescent ; outer petals nearly closed ; fruit ovate-globose, scaly, fj . S. Cultivated in the West Indian Islands, St. Thomas, and Cumana. Fruit fleshy, eatable, in shape like a young fruit of A . squamosa. Cinereous Custard-apple. Fl. ? Clt. 1823. Shrub 20 feet. 22 A. CHERIMO'LIA (Mill. diet. no. 5.) leaves ovate-lanceo- late, not dotted, under surface silky-tomentose-; outer petals nearly closed, rusty-tomentose on the outside ; fruit somewhat globose and scaly. ^ . S. Native of Peru and New Granada. Dun. mon. anon. p. 72. A. tripetala, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 252. Sims, bot. mag. t. 201 1 . A tree, or rather a large shrub. Leaves strong scented. Peduncles opposite the leaves solitary. Outer petals clothed with rusty-down on the outside, each marked with a dark spot at the base. Fruit, when ripe, of a dark-purple colour ; the flesh is soft and sweet. This fruit is esteemed by the Peruvians as one of their most delicate sorts, and is consi- dered by them not inferior to any fruit in the world. Cherimoyer, Cherimolid, or Soft-fruited Custard-apple. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1739. Tree 20 feet. 23 A. RETICULATA (Lin. spec. 757.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, smooth, somewhat dotted ; outer petals oblong-lanceolate, acute, nearly closed ; fruit ovate-globose, reticulately-areolate. Tj . S. Native of the Caribbee Islands and Brasil, also cultivated in Malabar. Dun. mon. anon. p. 72. Mill. diet. no. 1.— Brown, jam. 3. p. 256. A. squamosa, Vand. script, lus. p. 118. The fruit of this tree is called Fruto de Conde, or Condissa in Brasil. Var. a ; areolae scaly, roundish. — Sloane, hist. 2. p. 167. t. 226. — Catesb. carol. 2. p. 84. t. 86. — Anona-maram, Rheed. mal. 3. p. 23. t. 30 and 31. Var. ft ; areolse angular, somewhat 5-sided, Dun. mon. 1. c. A. reticulata, Jacq. obs. 1. p. 14. t. 6. f. 2. A tufted tree like A. squamosa, but much higher with a more nauseous odour. Flowers brownish on the outside, and whitish- yellow on the inside, excavated at the base, and marked with dark purple spots. Fruit, when ripe, yellowish, sometimes reddish. This fruit is as large as a tennis-ball with yellowish soft flesh, of the consistence of a custard, whence the English name of the genus. It is eatable and much esteemed by many people. Per- haps many species are confused under the name of A. reticulata. Reticulated-fruited or Common Custard-apple. Clt. 1690. Tree 1 6 to 25 feet. 24 A. MUCO'SA (Jacq. obs. 1. p. 16.) leaves oblong-lanceo- late, smooth ; outer petals spreading at the top ; fruit areo- VOL. i. — PART i. late ; areolae gibbous. ^ . S. Native of Martinico and Guiana in woods, and also cultivated in the Moluccas. Dun. mon. anon, p. 74. Aubl. guian. 1. p. 618. Manoa, Rumph. amb. 1. p. 136. t. 45. This tree is very like A. reticulata in habit and character. The flesh of the fruit is very soft, but possessing an unpleasant taste, whence its name in French Guiana Cachiman morveux or Cachiman sauvage. .Mucous Custard-apple. Fl. ? Clt. 1819. Tree 20 feet. $ 4. Outer petals ovate, or oblong-elliptical, obtuse, inner ones smaller, lanceolate, bluntish. Calyx coriaceous, trifid, large, somewhat campanulate. Fruit conical, smooth. 25 A. GLA'BRA (Lin. spec. 758.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, smooth ; peduncles opposite the leaves, 2-flowered ; fruit conoid, blunt, smooth. Jj . H. Native of Carolina, and perhaps also cultivated in the West Indies. — Cat. carol. 2. p. 64. t. 64. Dun. mon. anon. 1. p. 74. A tree, or rather a large shrub, with leaves like those of Citrus medica. Calyx brown on the outside. Fruit of a greenish-yellow colour, containing a pulp of the con- sistence of a ripe pear. This is an eatable fruit, very sweet but somewhat insipid : it is the food of the guanas and many other wild animals. Smooth Custard-apple. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1774. Sh. 16ft. 26 A. GRANDIFLO'RA (Lam. diet. 2. p. 126.) leaves ovate- lanceolate, smooth, leathery, upper surface shining ; peduncles axillary, solitary ; fruit egg-shaped, smooth, a little dotted. T? . S. Native of the Mauritius. Dun. mon. anon. p. 75. t. 6. far. ft, Madagascariensis (Pers. ench. 2. p. 95.). Tj . S. Native of Madagascar. Calyx somewhat velvety on the outside. Great-flowered Custard-apple. Shrub 12 feet. 27 A. AMPLEXICAU'LIS (Lam. diet. 2. p. 127.) leaves heart- shaped, oblong, clasping the stem, acute, smooth ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered. Tj. S. Native of Madagascar and the Mauritius. Dun. mon. anon. p. 76. t. 7. The flowers are an inch long and more, with the petals thickened towards the base, each marked on the inside with a dark purple hollow, whitish-velvety on the outside. Stem-clasping-lesived Custard-apple. § 5. Petals all obtuse. 28 A. DIOI'CA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 34.) stem almost simple, downy ; leaves broad, obovate, obtuse, rather cuneated at the base, downy beneath ; peduncles extra-axillary, 1-flowered, pe- tals all ovate, obtuse. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in the province of St. Paul. Leaves 3-6 inches long, and 2J-4 broad. Peduncles 1-3-together. Flowers yellowish-green ; inner petals smallest. Dioecious Custard-apple. Shrub 2 feet. 29 A. FURFURA'CEA (St. Hil. fl. bras.l. p. 34. t. 6.) branches scurfy ; leaves oblong-elliptical, rather acute at both ends, coria- ceous, furfuraceous, and brownish-silvery beneath; peduncles, usually 2-flowered, opposite the leaves ; petals ovate, truncate at the base, bluntish, scurfy beneath and downy above. Jj. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes and in the northern part of the province of St. Paul. Leaves 3-5 inches long, and 11-24 lines broad. Peduncles few together. Calyx scurfy, of a yellowish-green colour ; sepals ovate, quite entire ; petals reddish, inner ones hardly smaller than the outer ones. Fruit rather globose, broadly tubercled, clothed with pale brown scurf. Scurfy Custard-apple. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 30 A. PAVO'NII ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, very smooth ; peduncles usually aggregate ; petals all obtuse. T? . S. Native of Peru about Guayaquil. An. spe. nov. Ruiz et Pav. herb, in herb. Lamb. (v. s.) Pavon's Custard-apple. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. N \ 90 ANONACE.E. II. ROLLINIA. § 6. Petals all equal, spreading. 31 A.? AXILLIFLO RA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 86.) leaves oval- oblong, bluntish, under surface pubescent ; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered, 4-times longer than the petioles. Tj . S. Native of French Guiana. Fruit unknown. Axillary-flowered Custard-apple. Shrub 8 to 14 feet. 32 A. ? UNIFLO'RA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 76.) leaves oblong, acuminated, smooth, under surface glaucous ; peduncles opposite the leaves clothed with white tomentum. Tj . S. Native of Para in Brazil. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 87. A beautiful species, but doubtful if belonging to this genus. Flowers white on the outside. Calyx 3-parted. One-flowered Custard- Apple. Shrub 6 feet. 33 A. NI'TIDA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 488.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, acuminated, wavy, smooth ; peduncles axillary or lateral, twin or solitary, and furnished with a few scales. Jj . S. Native of Peru. Petals 6, equal, obovate-oblong, obtuse. Ovary globose, crowned by a round point. Shining-leaved Custard-apple. Shrub. f Anonce not sufficiently known. 34 A. ASIA'TICA (Lin. spec. 2. p. 758.) leaves oblong, acu- minated, not dotted, younger ones pubescent, adult ones smooth. f? . S. Native of Ceylon. Mill. diet. no. 7. A. Asiatica. var. a, Dun. mon. anon. p. 71. This tree is said by Martyn to have a smooth oblong-conical fruit, red on the outside, and filled with a whitish eatable pulp, but inferior in flavour to the fruit of A. squamosa. Perhaps this is only a variety of A. Forsk'dhlii. Asiatic Custard-apple. Fl. ? Clt.? Shrub 12 feet. 35 A. SENEGALE'NSIS (Pers. ench. 2. p. 95.) leaves elliptical, leathery, glaucous, somewhat emarginate at the apex, upper surface smooth, under surface, as well as branches and petioles covered with rusty pubescence ; peduncles solitary or twin, axillary, rather pendulous ; fruit small, scaly. fj . S. Na- tive of Guinea in bushy places. Dun. mon. p. 76. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 86. Petals leathery, of a greenish-yellow colour. Fruit, when ripe, of a yellowish colour, containing a soft, excel- lent tasted pulp. This fruit is much esteemed by the natives of Guinea. Senegal Custard-apple. Fl. Feb. Mar. Clt. 1823. Sh. 6 ft. 36 A. EXSU'CCA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 77.) leaves ovate-oblong, leathery, smooth, upper surface shining, under surface smooth, as well as branches ; peduncles nearly opposite the leaves, sim- ple or 2-parted. Jj . S. Native of Guiana in woods. A beau- tiful tree, bearing small dry fruit. Flower-bud 3-lobed. -Dry-fruited Custard-apple. Tree 20 feet. 37 A. AFRICA'NA (Lin. spec. 758.) leaves lanceolate, pubes- cent. Jj . S. Native of South America 2 Mill. diet. no. 6. A very obscure species, of which there is no specimen in the Linnean herbarium. African Custard-apple. Shrub ? 38 A. ATABAPE'NSIS (H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 58.) leaves oblong, obtuse, cuneated at the base, leathery, very smooth, shining, not dotted; peduncles solitary, 1 -flowered; petals ovate, heart-shaped, acutish, inner ones scarcely smaller. T? . S. Native of New Guiana on the banks of the river Ata- bapo. Perhaps this is not distinct from A.palustris. Atabapo Custard-apple. Shrub 16 feet. 39 A. BONPLANDIA'NA (H. B. ex Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 58.) leaves oblong, acuminated, somewhat coriaceous, dotted, smooth, shining; peduncles solitary, 1 -flowered ; outer petals ovate, clothed with fine tomentum. f? . S. Native near Guaya- quil. Bonpland's Custard-apple. Shrub 12 feet. 40 A. EXCE'LSA (H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 59.) leaves oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, somewhat coriaceous, not dotted, smooth, conduplicate. Tj . S. Native of New Spain near Ventadel Exido. Tall Custard-apple. Tree 60 feet. 41 A. RIPARIA (H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 59.) leaves oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, membranous, dotted, smooth, shining ; fruit the form of a pear, obsoletely netted. ^ . S. Native of Peru on the banks of the river Guancabamba. River-side Custard-apple. Shrub 25 feet. 42 A. MANIRO'TE (H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 59.) leaves obovate-elliptical, short pointed, membranous, rounded at the base, dotted, smooth, with the nerves and veins pubescent; fruit globose, muricated. ^ . S. Native of uncultivated places near Angustura, where it is called Manirote. This species approaches very near A. muricata. Manirote Custard-apple. Shrub 10 feet. 43 A. LE'VIS (H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 60.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, membranous, smooth ; under surface rather hairy, dotted ; peduncles aggre- gate, 1-flovcered ; outer petals lanceolate, acutish, fruit smooth. fj . S. Native of South America near Angustura and inCumana, where it is cultivated. Perhaps this is either A. laurij'blia or A, glabra. Fruit eatable. Flowers greenish-yellow. S. Native of Jamaica on the mountains. Dun. mon. anon. p. 120. X. fru- tescens, Gaert. fruct. I. p. 339. t. 69. f. 7.— Brown, jam. 250. t. 5. f. 2. A shrub, with smooth twiggy twisted branches. Muricated-carpelled Bitter-wood. Fl.? Clt. 1773. Shrub 6 ft. 2 X. FRUTE'SCENS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 602. t. 292. exclusive of the synonyms.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, under surface silky ; peduncles 1-3, very short ; carpels smooth. Tj . S. Native of Brasil and Guiana. Lam. ill. t. 495. Dun. mon. anon. p. 120. X. setosa, Poir. diet. 8. p. 812. A shrub with distich branches. The bark affords a cordage. The leaves and wood are very aromatic, and the seeds have an acrid aromatic taste, and are used by the negroes in Guiana instead of pepper. Flowers 4-lines long, silky. Seeds full of a very fragrant acrid oil. Shrubby Bitter-wood. Fl. ? Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 feet? 3 X. SALICIFOLIA (H. B. et Kth. spe. amer. nov. 5. p. 63.) leaves oblong, acuminated, bluntish, under surface silky; pe- ANONACE^:. X. OROPHEA. XL DUQUETIA. 97 duncles short, 1 -flowered ? bracteolate. 1? . S. Native of South America near Espinal. Dun. mon. anon. p. 120. t. 17. A tree with blackish branches. Capsules 5-7, indehiscent. Willow-leaved Bitter-wood. Tree 40 feet. 4 X. LIGUSTRIFO'LIA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 121. t. 18.) leaves oblong, acutish, smooth ; peduncles short, few-flowered, bracteo- late. Tj . S. Native of South America near Buga in Popayan. H. B. et Kth. nov. amer. spec. 5. p. 63. Petals and sepals on the outside clothed with brown-velvety hairs. Capsules indehiscent. Privet-leaved Bitter-wood. Tree. 5 X. GLA'BRA (Lin. spec. 1367.) leaves oblong-ovate, smooth; peduncles 1 -flowered, solitary or in pairs ; carpels smooth. ^ • S. Native of die islands of Barbadoes and Jamaica. Dun. mon. anon. p. 121. t. 19. — Pluk. aim. 395. t. 238. f. 4. Flower- buds oblong, pubescent on the outside. The wood, bark, and berries of this tree have an agreeable bitter taste, not unlike that of an orange-seed. The wild pigeons feed much upon the latter, and owe that delicate bitterish flavour so peculiar to them in the season wholly to this part of their food. Fresh gathered from the tree, they are agreeable to the palate and grateful to the stomach. The bitter quality of this tree is communicated with great facility. A handful of the shavings immersed in water and instantly taken out again will render it of a very bitter taste. Sugar sent over in hogsheads made of this wood was so bitter that no person would purchase it. Bedsteads and presses made of it are proof against cock- roaches and other insects. Carpenters who work the wood per- ceive a bitter taste in their mouths and throats. A decoction of it is said to be of service in colics, and to create appetite. This species is called bitter-mood in Jamaica. Perhaps all the species of this genus partake more or less of this bitter quality. r], oropJie, the top of any thing ; cohesion of inner petals at apex.) Blum, bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnasa 1. p. 496. LIN. SYST. Hexo-Ennedndria, Tri- Tetragynia. Calyx 3-parted. Petals 6, in two series, outer ones smallest, inner ones stalked, cohering at the apex in the form of a calyptra. Stamens 6-9, alternate ones usually sterile. Anthers 2-celled, adnate out- wardly. Ovaries 3, rarely 4, villous, at first approximating, but at length diverging, 2-seeded. Stigma blunt. Carpels 3-4, rarely solitary from abortion, sessile, baccate, cylindrical, 1-2- seeded. Seeds adhering to the top of the cell.— Shrubs. 1 O. HEXA'NDRA (Blum, bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 496.) leaves ovate-lanceolate; peduncles axillary and terminal, solitary, somewhat racemose ; pedicels 1 -flowered ; flowers hexandrous. Tj.S. Native of Java. Hexandrous Orophea. Shrub. 2 O. ENNEA'NDRA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oblong ; peduncles supra-axillary, or opposite the leaves, usually 3-flowered ; pedi- cels in fascicles ; flowers enneandrous. fj . S. Native of Java. Enneandrous Orophea. Shrub. Cult. The species of Orophea will thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat and sand, and ripened cuttings will root if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them, in heat. None of the species have yet been introduced into the gardens of Europe.f XL DUQUE'TIA (to the honour of James Joseph Duquet, once professor of theology and philosophy in the college of Troyes. He wrote commentaries on most of the books of the New Testament, and a collection of letters on piety : born at Montbrison 1649, died 1733.) St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 35. t. 7. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Polygynia. Receptacle large, trans- versely 2-parted, cylindrically globose, honey-combed. Carpels numerous, free, 3-5-angled, acuminated with the permanent style, tapering at the base into a thick hardly narrower pedicel, woody, very thick, 1 -seeded, indehiscent, deciduous. Seed erect, fixed to the bottom of the carpel. — A small tree, with alternate simple quite entire leaves, furnished with stipulas, short petioles, which are jointed at the base, and extra-axillary, soli- tary, 1 -flowered, peduncles. This genus differs materially from the rest in the presence of stipulas. O 98 ANONACE^E. XII. GUATTERIA. 1 D. LANCEOLA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 35. t. 7.) Jj . S. Native of Brasil. Branches furfuraceous. Leaves about 3- inches long, lanceolate, rather acuminated, shining above, but scurfy beneath. Carpels about 6-lines long, of a chesnut colour, shining, having the appearance of a plum. Lanceolate-\eaved Duquetia. Tree 16 feet. Cult. Duquetia will thrive very well in a mixture of sandy loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will strike root in a pot of sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. XII. GUATTE'RIA (John Bapt. Guatteri, an Italian bota- nist, once a professor at Parma, mentioned by the authors of Flora Peruviana.) Ruiz, et Pav. prod. p. 85. t. 17. Dun. mon. anon. p. 50 and 123. D. C. syst. 1. p. 502. prod. p. 93. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Polygynia. Sepals 3, joined at the base (f. 25. a.) ovate, somewhat cordate, acute. Petals 6, (f. 25. b.) ovate or obovate. Anthers indefinite, nearly sessile. Carpels indefinite (f. 25. c.) somewhat baccate, dry, coriaceous, ovate, or somewhat globose, stipitate, 1 -seeded. Trees or shrubs with entire leaves, and axillary solitary, binate or tern, one or rarely few-flowered peduncles. 1 G. ABEREMO'A (Dun. mon. anon. p. 126.) leaves ovate- oblong, acute, tomentose ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered; berries somewhat stipitate, ovate, mucronate. ^ . S. Native of Guiana in woods. Aberemoa Guianensis, Aubl. gui. 1. p. 610. t. 245. A small tree with large leaves. Berries about 20, yellowish. Var. j3, microcdrpa (D. C. 1. c.) differing from the species in the fruit being a little smaller. Aberemoa is the name of the species in Guiana. Tree 60 ft. 2 G. BRE'VIPES (D. C. syst. l.p. 505.) leaves oval, somewhat pointed, smooth, shining ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered ; ber- ries ovate, on short stipes. ^ • S. Native of Guiana, and in the island of Trinidad, in woods. Leaves 8 or 12 inches long, and 3 or 4 broad. Flowers unknown. Short-footed-frmteA Guatteria. 3 G. OUREGO'U (Dun. mon. anon. p. 126.) leaves oblong-ellip- tic, acuminated, smooth ; peduncles 1-3, axillary; berries ovate, acute, on long stipes. Tj • S. Native of Guiana and the island of Trinidad in woods. Cananga Ouregou. Aubl. guian. 1. p. 608. t. 244. Flowers brown, sweet-scented. Berries ovate, dry, coriaceous, yellowish. The leaves when bruised are very aromatic, as well as all parts of the tree. We have seen a tree in the island of Trinidad resembling this, whose flowers were lateral on the branches. Ouregou is the Carib- bean name of this tree. Ouregou Guatteria. Fl. Sep. Tree 70 feet. 4 G. PODOCA'RPA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 503.) leaves oval-oblong, abruptly-acuminated, smooth ; peduncles axillary, solitary ; ber- ries ovate, submucronate ; stipe much longer than the berry. (? . S. Native of Cayenne. Very like G. Ouregou, but the berries are one-half larger ; stipes 3 or 4 times longer than the berry. Flowers brown, sweet-scented. Var. a, oligocarpa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 93.) berries 14-20, a little ribbed. Var. (3, polycarpa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 93.) berries about 40, not ribbed. Stalked-fruited Guatteria. Tree 50 feet. 5 G. CERASOI DBS (Dun. mon. anon. p. 127.) leaves lan- ceolate, acute, pubescent beneath ; peduncles axillary, solitary ; Tree 60 feet. FIG. 25. petals nearly equal ; berries ovate-globose ; stipe longer than the berry. Tj . S. Native of Coromandel in the mountains. Uvaria cerasoides, Roxb. cor. 1. p. 30. t. 33. A large tree with bifarious branches. Fruit dark-red about the size and shape of a small cherry, 1-seeded, they are eaten by the natives, but are rather too astringent. Stigma broad purple. The wood is employed for many purposes by the natives of Coromandel. Cherry-like Guatteria. Clt. 1820. Tree 60 feet. 6 G. SUBERO'SA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 128.) leaves oblong, acute, smooth ; peduncles nearly opposite the leaves, 1 -flowered ; outer petals smallest ; berries globose ; stipe one-half longer than the berry. Jj. S. Native of Coromandel. Uvaria su- ber6sa, Roxb. corom. 1. p. 31. t. 34. This plant is more com- mon than G. cerasoides and smaller. The three outer petals are greenish, the three inner ones whitish. Fruit dark-red, or almost black, about the size of a small-pea. The wood is durable, of a chocolate colour, and very elastic. Var. ft ; leaves narrowest at the base, and a little curled on the margins. Var. y ; leaves exactly oblong, pale glaucous ; branchlets villous. Co7%-barked Guatteria. Fl. ? Clt. 1820. Tree 30 feet. 7 G. MACROPHY'LLA (Blum, bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 496.) leaves oval, tapering to both ends, coriace- ous, pubescent beneath ; peduncles very short, lateral, few- flowered ; outer petals shortest ; berries egg-shaped, on short stipes. T? . S. Native of Java. Long-leaved Guatteria. Tree. 8 G. BRA'GMA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acuminated, shining above, with the veins underneath as well as the branchlets, tomentose; peduncles lateral, very short, 1 -flowered; outer petals shortest, fy . S. Native, of Java and the neighbouring islands, where it is called Bragma. Bragina Guatteria. Tree. 9 G. PISOCA'RPA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves unequal at the base, ovate-oblong, bluntish, with the veins beneath as well as the branches tomentose ; peduncles 1 -flowered, usually opposite the leaves, fruit 1-4, globose, almost sessile, smooth. Tj . S. Native of Java. Pea-fruited Guatteria. Tree 20 feet. 10 G. RU'FA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 129. t. 29.) leaves oval, acuminated, cordate at the base, under surface clothed with brown tomentum as well as the branchlets ; peduncles very short, lateral, or opposite the leaves ; petals equal ; berries stipitate, velvety. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies in the -islands of Timor and Java, Lindl. bot. reg. 836. Uvaria tomentosa, Vahl. ined. but not of Roxb. A small shrub with brownish-purple, sweet-scented flowers. Berry 1-seeded, nearly the length of the stipe. Rufous Guatteria. April, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 4 feet. 11 G. CORDA'TA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 129. t. 30.) leaves cor- date at the base, oblong, acutish, under surface rather tomentose as well as the branchlets ; recemes opposite the leaves, short, few- flowered. Tj . S. Native of Java. Corolla and calyx clothed with rusty tomentum. Cordate-leaved Guatteria. Tree. 12 G. ERIOPODA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 505.) leaves oblong-lan- ceolate, tapering a little to the base, acuminated, younger ones villous; peduncles lateral, solitary, l-flowered,tomentosely hispid. Jj.S. Native of Peru about Cuchero. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 90. Flowers velvety and peduncles hairy. Hairy-peduncled Guatteria. Tree 20 feet. 13 G. HIRSD'TA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. syst. 1. p. 146.) leaves lanceolate, acuminated ; peduncles axillary, smooth ; flowers hairy. Tj . S. Native of Peru in groves towards a village called Chinchao. Dun. mon. anon. p. 131. Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per 5. t. 478. ANONACE,E. XII. GUATTERIA. 99 //airy-flowered Guatteria. Fl. Jun. Sept. Shrub 12 feet. 14 G. PE'NDULA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. syst. 1. p. 146.) leaves lanceolate ; peduncles axillary, very long, pendulous. Tj . S. Native of Peru in the mountains about Chinchao and Pozuzo. Dun. mon. anon. p. 131. Ruiz, etPav. fl. per 5. t. 476. Pendulous-dowered. Guatteria. Fl. May, July. Shrub 10 ft. 15 G. OVA'LIS (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. syst. 1. p. 146. fl. per 5. t. 476.) leaves oblong, oval ; peduncles axillary. Jj . S. Native of Peru in the mountains about Pozuzo. Dun. mon. anon. p. 131. OcaMeaved Guatteria. Fl. June, Aug. Tree 23 feet. 16 G. GLAU'CA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. syst. 1. p. 145.) leaves oblong or ovate, pointed ; peduncles axillary. lj . S. Native of Peru in groves towards the villages of Cuchero and Chinchao. Dun. mon. anon. p. 131. Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per 5. t. 475. Glaucous Guatteria. Fl. Jun. Aug. Tree 20 feet. 17 G. VIRGA'TA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 131. t. 31.) leaves ovate, acuminated, quite smooth, nearly sessile ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered ; berries somewhat stipitate, coriaceous, bluntish, egg- shaped. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica in wooded mountains. Uvaria lanceolata, Swz. prod. 87. U. virgata, Swz. fl. ind. occid. 2. p. 999. A middle-sized tree with smooth bark and flexile branches. The three outer petals are largest, white. Twiggy Guatteria. Fl. ? Clt. 1793. Tree 16 feet. 18 G. LAURIFO'LIA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 132. t. 32.) leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends, smooth, on short petioles ; peduncles axillary, rather crowded ; berries somewhat stipitate, egg-shaped, mucronate. Jj . S. Native of Jamaica on wooded mountains, and also in St. Domingo and Portorico. Uvaria ex- celsa, Vest, ex Vahl. in herb. Juss. A middle-sized tree with rigid branches and flexile twiggy branchlets. Petals white, nearly equal, not expanding. Laurel-leaved Guatteria. Fl. ? Clt. 1820. Tree 30 feet. 19 G. GOMEZIA'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 36.) stem arbo- reous, with hairy branches ; leaves oblong or elliptical-oblong, acuminated at the apex and acute at the base, adult ones smooth above but pilose beneath ; outer petals ovate, acutish or bluntish, inner ones longer and narrower, ovate or oblong-lanceolate. fj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Leaves 2-4 inches long, 9-1 2 lines broad. Peduncles axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered. Petals spreading, pubescent, green, or yellowish-red. Gomez de Abreu's Guatteria. Fl. Jan. Tree 30 feet. 20 G. LUTEA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 37.) stem shrubby; branches hardly puberulous at the top ; leaves oblong, downy ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered ; outer petals ovate, acute, inner ones a little longer and narrower, oblong, acute. fy . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes on high mountains near Villa Rica. Sepals ovate, acuminated, pu- bescent. Petals yellowish, pubescent. Yellow- flowered Guatteria. Fl. Jan. Shrub 8 feet. 21 G. AUSTRA'LIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 37.) stem frutescent; branches pubescent or smoothish ; adult leaves oblong-elliptical, acuminated, smooth ; petals almost equal, ovate, obtuse ; berries obovate, obtuse. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in the province of St. Paul on the banks of the river Tarere. Leaves 4 inches long, 9-12 lines broad. Calyx 4 times shorter than the recep- tacle, pubescent. Berries blunt, black, with a thin pericarp, seated on a short receptacle. Southern Guatteria. Fl. Jan. Shrub 12 feet. 22 G. FERRUGI'NEA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 38.) stem arbo- reous ; branches clothed with rusty pubescence at the top ; leaves elliptical, acute, rather cuneated at the base, puberulous, with the middle nerve and lateral veins clothed with rusty pu- bescence, outer petals oblong-linear, acutish, inner ones broader, a little shorter than the rest, ovately-trapeziform, obtuse, with a short point. Jj . S. Native of Brazil in cut down woods, near the village called Arguassu, about 9 leagues from Rio Janeiro. Leaves 4-6 inches long and 1|- to 2\ broad. Peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, solitary or twin. Calyx 3-times shorter than the corolla, clothed with rusty hairs, with broad ovate segments. Like G. Ouregou. Musty Guatteria. Fl. Dec. Tree 20 feet. 23 G. VILLOSI'SSIMA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 38.) stem arbo- rescent ; branches very villous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acu- minated, convex, with revolute edges, smooth above, with the middle nerve villous beneath ; peduncles axillary, usually pro- foundly 2-parted, 2-flowered ; outer petals lanceolate, acute, inner ones a little shorter and narrower, ovate, acute. Tj . S. Native of Brazil on the iron mountains called Serra dos Piloes. Leaves 5-6 inches long and 12-18 lines broad. Sepals ovate, acute, clothed witli villi below but with rusty down above. Petals clothed with rusty-green hairs. Berries about 4 lines long, obovate -elliptical, crowned by the permanent styles, of a blackish-red colour with a thin pericarp. The wood of this tree is very light, it is therefore made into fishing-rods, and on that account it is called in Brazil Pindaiba from pindai a rod, and iba a tree. Very villous Guatteria. Tree 25 feet. 24 G. SEMPERVIRENS (Dun. mon. anon. p. 133.) leaves ovate- oblong, smooth, shining ; peduncles 1 -flowered; petals oblong, acute ; berries stipitate, globose, fj . S. Native of Malabar in many places, especially about Angiccaimaal. — Rheed. mal. 5. p. 31. t. 16. A dwarf little tree, always green, flowering, and fruiting. Petals cuspidate, reddish. Berries black, fleshy, smooth, of an acid-sweet taste. Evergreen Guatteria. Tree 10 feet. 25 G. KORI'NTI (Dun. mon. anon. p. 133.) leaves ovate-oblong, smooth, shining ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered; petals oblong, bluntish ; berries stipitate, globose. ^ . S. Native every where in Malabar, especially in sandy and rocky places. Corinti- panel, Rheed. mal. 5. p. 27. t. 14. A shrub from 5 to 10 feet high, covered with cinereous or lanuginose bark. Petals green, reflexed at the top. Berries at first green, afterwards reddish, 1-seeded ; flesh sweetish. Cormiz-panel Guatteria. Fl. Jul. Aug. Shrub 5 to 10 feet. 26 G. MONTANA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 508.) leaves lanceolate- oblong, narrow, smooth, shining ; peduncles in twos or threes, 1 or 3-flowered ; petals inflexed. Tj . S. Native of Malabar in mountainous and rocky places about Paracaro. G. Malabarica, Dun. mon. p. 134.— Rheed. mal. 5. p. 33. t. 17. Very like G. Korinti, but the leaves are narrower and aromatic, and the flowers are smaller. Mountain Guatteria. Fl. and fruiting all the year. Tr. 16 ft. 27 G. ACUTIFLO'RA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 134.) leaves ovate- oblong, acute, thick, smooth; peduncles axillary, short; lobes of calyx blunt ; petals very acute ; berries stipitate, globose. tj . S. Native of Malabar in mountainous places. — Rheed. mal. 5. p. 35. t. 18. An evergreen shrub. Acute-flowered Guatteria. Fl. all the year. Shrub 4 ft. 28 G. UMBILICA'TA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 135. t. 33.) leaves oblong-elliptical, acuminated, smooth ; peduncles 1 -flowered, bracteolate ; berries stipitate, umbilicate at the base, depressed at the apex. fj . S. Native perhaps of South America or the West Indies. Fruit about the size of a small cherry. Seeds globose, depressed on both sides. Umbilicated-berried. Guatteria. Shrub 10 feet. 29 G. CUNEIFO'RMIS (Blum, bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnasa 1. p. 496.) leaves obovate, somewhat cordate at the base, smooth, glaucous beneath; peduncles lateral, 1 -flowered, elongated ; outer petals leafy, elongated ; fruit smooth, egg- shaped, tapering to both ends. 1? . S. Native of Java. Wedge-shaped-leaved. Guatteria. Tree. 02 100 ANONACE.E. XIII. BOCAGEA. XIV. MOLLINEDIA. 30 G. LATERIFLO'RA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acuminated, smooth ; peduncles lateral, solitary, 1-flowered ; fruit oval, ta- pering to the base, shorter than the stipe, fy . S. Native of Java. Side-flowered Guatteria. Tree. 31 G. PA'LLIDA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oblong, tapering to both ends, smooth, pale beneath ; peduncles lateral, solitary, 1-flowered, longer than the petiole ; fruit stipitate, oblong, tapering a little to both ends, pubescent. Tj . S. Native of Java. Pale Guatteria. Tree. 32 G. BERTERIA'NA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 635.) leaves oblong, obtuse, quite smooth on both surfaces, serrated, and quite entire ; carpels very numerous, rather tomentose, oblique, mucronated, about equal in length to the stipes. ^ • S. Native of Portorico. Bertero's Guatteria. Tree. 33 G. PRINOI'DES (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 635.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, oblique, tapering to both ends, obsoletely serrated, shining above ; branches twiggy ; fruit oblique, mucronated, on very short stipes. T; . S. Native of Hispaniola. Prinos-like Guatteria. Shrub. 34 G. VIRIDIFLO' RA; leaves oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, smooth ; flowers solitary, terminal, fj . S. Native of Peru. Uvaria viridiflora, Ruiz, et Pav. MSS. in herb. Lamb. (v. s.) Green-flowered Guatteria. Tree. 35 G. DECA'NDRA ; leaves oblong, acuminated, smooth, ex- cept the nerves ; peduncles lateral ; flowers decandrous. T? . S. Native of Peru. Uvaria decandra, Ruiz, et Pav. MSS. in herb. Lamb. (v. s.) Decandrous Guatteria. Shrub. 36 G. PAVOVNII ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, smooth, long, acu- minated ; branches clothed with brown villi as well as the petioles and the 1-flowered solitary axillary peduncles. Tj . S. Native of Peru. Uvarialongifolia, Ruiz, et Pav. MSS. in herb. Lamb, (v. s.) Pavon's Guatteria. Shrub. 37 G. VILLO'SA (Roxb. hort. beng. under Uvaria) all parts of the tree very villous ; leaves oblong or roundish, cordate at the base, on very short petioles ; peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, very long, rising below the leaves ; flowers very villous ; calyx of 6 small ovate, acute, equal sepals ; corolla of 3, obtuse petals, which are purple inside and clothed with white villi on the outside. Tj . S. Native of the. East Indies above the Ghat Coadwara. Carpels winged, 1 -seeded. Pillous Guatteria. Tree 40 feet. 38 G. PILO'SA (Roxb. MSS. under Uvaria) leaves oblong or oval, somewhat cordate at the base, beset with tufts of brown villi, particularly remarkable on the margins ; pedicels lateral, 1-flowered, clothed with long fuscous hairs as well as the 3 sepals of the calyx ; petals 6, equal, lanceolate, obtuse, wavy, apparently purple. Tj . (-(. S. Native of the East Indies. Fruit unknown. . Pilose Guatteria. Tree 40 feet. 39 G. MICROCA'RPA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 479.) leaves obovate-oblong, villous on the nerves, abruptly acuminated, pe- duncles 1-flowered, solitary, axillary ; petals fiddle-shaped, mu- cronate, nearly equal, clothed with brown villi as well as sepals and branches ; carpels small, oval. J? . S. Native of Peru. Small-fruited Guatteria. Tree 30 feet. 40 G. MAGNI'FICA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 480.) leaves large, obovate-oblong, cordate at the base, on very short thick petioles ; peduncles trichotomous, 3-flowered, beset with a few scaly bracteas ; petals 6, conniving, or corolla 6-lobed, globose ; carpels few, obovately-globose. Jj . S. Native of Peru. Magnificent Guatteria. Tree. t Species not sufficiently known. 41 G. WII.LEMETIA NA (D. C. prod. 1 . p. 94.) leaves lanceo- late, smooth ; peduncles lateral, compressed, bifid. ^ . S. Native ? Anona distincta, Will. herb. maur. p. 42. Willcmet's Guatteria. Tree 20 feet. 42 G. MAYPURE'NSIS (H.B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 64.) leaves oblong, acuminated, running along the petiole, somewhat co- riaceous, smooth, shining; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, petals oblong, blunt, outer ones a little smaller. Tj . S. Native near Maypures in the mission of Orinoco. Flowers yellow. Maypure Guatteria. Tree 20 feet. Cult. The species of this genus are all stove plants. They require a loamy soil or a mixture of loam and peat. Ripe cuttings strike well in sand, under a hand-glass, placed in a mo- derate heat. The seeds, when procured from their native places of growth, should be sown immediately in pots, filled with a mix- ture of loam, peat, and sand, and then plunged into a hot-bed, but as they soon become rancid, it is doubtful whether they will remain good during a voyage. XIII. BOCAGEA (to the honour of Joseph Maria de Souza du Bocage, who elegantly translated the poem of Casteli on flowers into the Portuguese language, and illustrated it with notes.) St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 41. LIN. SYST. Hexdndria, Trigynia. Calyx 3-parted, or almost entire and cup-shaped. Petals 6, disposed in a double series, deciduous. Stamens 6, flattened, deciduous, opposite the petals ; anthers 2-celled, bursting lengthwise outwardly. Ovaries 3, seat- ed on a short receptacle, hardly connected together or completely free, 1-celled, 5-6-seeded. Berries 1-3, quite distinct, rather dry and tapering into a short pedicel, 1-celled, 3-seeded from abortion. Seeds horizontal, arillate. Albumen large, fleshy. Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, quite entire, on short petioles, which are jointed at the base, without stipulas. Peduncles few, extra-axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, jointed above the middle. 1 B. A'LBA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 42.) branches hardly pu- berulous at the top ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, somewhat acumi- nated, smooth, shining ; outer petals linear, acutish inner, ones shorter, narrower, and triquetrous above ; ovaries 5-seeded. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. A small tree with leaves about 2 inches long. Flowers white. White-fiowereA Bocagea. Fl. Sept. Tree 15 feet. 2 B. VI'RIDIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 42. t. 9.) branchlets pu- bescent ; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute at the base and acuminated at the apex, smooth above, pilose beneath ; outer petals ovate, acute, concave, inner ones broader, roundish- ovate, acute ; ovaries 8-seeded. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of Rio Janeiro and Minas Geraes. Leaves about 2 inches long. Petals green, converging into a globe. Greew-flowered Bocagea. Shrub 6 feet. XIV. MOLLINE'DIA (Francis Mollinedo, a Spanish chemist and naturalist, mentioned by the authors of Flora Peruviana, p. 72.) Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. syst. 1. p. 142. fl. per. 5. t. 472. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Polygynia. Calyx turbinate, nearly closed, quadrifid, torn in pieces by the fruit as it grows. Corolla none. Anthers wedge-shaped, sessile. Carpels numerous. Stigmas awl-shaped, sessile. Drupes baccate, numerous, sessile, oblong, 1 -seeded, seated on a flat receptacle. Trees or shrubs with axillary or lateral flowers. This genus differs from the rest in having opposite or tern leaves. 1 M. REPA'NDA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. syst. 1. p. 142. fl. per. 5. t. 472.) leaves opposite, oval, and elliptical, wrinkled, repand. Tj . S. Native of Peru in groves at Chinchao. The drupes, when ripe are of a beautiful purple colour, and tinge the hands and linen with the same colour. Repand-leaved Mollinedia. Fl. May, June. Tree 25 feet. 2 M. OVA'TA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. syst. 1. p. 143. fl. per. 5. t. 473.) leaves opposite, ovate, shining, serrated from the middle SCHIZANDRIACEJE. I. SCHIZANDRA. II. SARCOCARPUM. III. SPHJEROSTEMMA. IV. KADSURA. 101 to the apex. T? . S. Native of Peru in groves at Chinchao. Drupes, when ripe, are eaten with avidity by birds, and they supply a fine violet colouring. Ouate-leaved Mollinedia. Fl. May, Jtme. Shrub 12 feet. 3 M. LANCEOIA'TA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. syst. 1. p. 143. fl. per. 5. t. 474.) leaves opposite or tern, lanceolate, toothed from the middle to the apex. Tj . S. Native of groves at Chinchao. Zanceotoe-leaved Mollinedia. Fl. May, June. Shrub 12 ft. Cult. This species of Mollinedia will thrive in a mixture of loam and sand with the addition of a little peat, and ripe cuttings will strike root if planted in a pot of sand, and placed in heat under a hand-glass.-}- ORDER V. SCHIZANDRIA'CE^ (plant agreeing with Schizandra in many important characters). Blum, bijdr. fl. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnaea 1. p. 497. obs. Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Sepals 3, sometimes want- ing. Petals 9 to 12 (f. 26. a.) disposed in a ternary order. Male flowers with'5 or numerous stamens (f. 27. a.) connate or free, seated on a hemispherical disk. Anthers adnate, bursting outwards by distinct chinks. Ovaries in the female flowers crowded on a long conical torus, at length elongated (f. 26. 6.) 2-seeded, baccate. Albumen fleshy. Embryo straight. Co- tyledons oval. Usually climbing shrubs with ovate-lanceolate or oblong leaves and axil-lary or lateral, 1-flowered peduncles. This order differs fromMenispermacece in the presence of albumen, as well as in the ovaries being numerous, seated on a long slender receptacle, and in the different habit of the plants, and from Ano- ndcece in the albumen not being ruminated or pierced by the seed- coat as well as in the very distinct habit of the plants. The me- dical qualities of this order are not known. Seeds do not retain their vegetative power any length of time, therefore they will be difficult to introduce in a living state. Synopsis of the Genera. 1 SCHIZA'NDRA. Flowers with 9 petals (f. 26. a.) without any sepals. Male flowers with 5 anthers, connected at the apex. Berries seated on a long receptacle (f. 26. 6.) 2 SARCOCA'RPUM. Flowers with 3 bracteas, 3 sepals, and 9-12 petals. Filaments very short, free. Ovaries numerous, crowded on a conical receptacle. 3 SPH^ROSTE'MMA. Flowers with 3 sepals and 9 petals. Filaments somewhat connate. Ovaries seated upon a conical torus, at length elongated. 4 KADSU'RA. Calyx 3-parted. Petals 6-12. Anthers ses- sile, seated upon a honey-combed receptacle, free. Ovaries 30-40, seated upon a long receptacle. 5 MA'YNA. Calyx 3-parted or 3-sepalled. Petals 6-9 (f. 27. c.), smaller than the calyx. Filaments short. Anthers 4-sided (f. 27. a.), thickest at the apex. Female flowers unknown. FIG. 26. I. SCHIZA'NDRA (from a^fa, schizo, to cut, and avSpos, aner, andros, a male organ ; stamens cleft). Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 18. D. C. syst. 1. p. 543. LIN. SYST. Moncecia, Pentdndria. Flowers monoecious. Sepals 9, in a ternary order (f. 26. a.) Petals wanting. Male flowers with 5 anthers, which are joined at the apex, female ones with an indefinite number of ovaries. Berries disposed in spikes along an elongated receptacle (f. 26. i.). A smooth, climbing shrub, with ovate-lanceolate leaves, and small scarlet flowers. 1 S. COCCI'NEA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 219. t. 47.) J? . w. G. Native of Carolina and Georgia in woods. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1413. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 212. Scarlet Schizandra. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1806. Shrub cl. Cult. A desirable plant, being a greenhouse climber with scarlet flowers. A mixture of sand, peat, and loam suits it well, and ripened cuttings will strike root if planted in a pot of sand, placed under a hand-glass. II. SARCOCA'RPUM (from '. i • '. " '. ;,» ' •' • ",• * > * • * ' • t * •«•*•«•>•• " III. SPH^EROSTE'MMA (<^aipa, sphaira, a globe, ore/^a, stemma, a crown ; stamens seated on globose disk). Blum, bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnaea 1. p. 497. LIN. SYST. Monofcia, Polydndria. Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Calyx bracteate, 3-sepalled, and with about 9 petals disposed in a ternary order. Stamens numerous, seated on the globose disk ; filaments almost connate. Female flowers with numerous ovaries seated upon a conical torus, which is at length elongated. Berries 2-seeded. Albumen fleshy. Climbing shrubs. This genus differs from the last in the stamens being connate, and in the carpels being disposed in spikes, distant, not crowded. 1 S. AXILLA'RIS (Blum. 1. c.) leaves quite entire, ovate-lan- ceolate, acuminated ; peduncles axillary, usually solitary, 1- flowered, scarcely equal in length to the petiole ; flowers dioe- cious ; outer filaments free. Tj . w. S. Native of Java. Axillary-fiowereA Sphaerostemma. Shrub cl. 2 S. ELONGA'TA (Blum. I.e.) leaves ovate, acuminated, finely denticulated, smooth ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, much longer than the petiole ; flowers dioecious ; filaments all connate. Tj . w. S. Native of Java. E longated-pedunded Sphaerostemma. Shrub cl. Cult. See Sarcocarpum. IV. KADSU'RA (Tuto-Kadsura or Sane-Kadsura is the Ja- panese name of K. Japonica). Juss. ann. mus. 16. p. 340. Dunal. mon. anon. p. 57. D. C. syst. 1. p. 465. LIN. SYST. Dice'cia, Polydndria. Flowers dioecious. Calyx 3-parted. Petals 6, disposed in a ternary order. Anthers 102 SCHIZANDRIACE^l. V. MAYNA. MENISPERMACE^E. sessile or on very short filaments, seated on a honey-combed re- ceptacle. Ovaries numerous, crowded upon a long receptacle. Berries just so many, sessile, 1 -celled, 2-seeded. Climbing or twining shrubs with ovate-lanceolate or oblong leaves, and 1- flowered peduncles. 1 K. JAPO'NICA (Dunal, monogr. p. 57.) twining; leaves oval, or oblong-oval, acute at both ends, serrated, smooth, thick ; peduncles opposite the leaves, 1 -flowered, usually solitary, longer than the petioles ; anthers sessile, immersed. >j . /~1. G. Native of Japan about Nagasaki. Uvaria Japonica, Lin. spec. 756. Uvaria heteroclita, Roxb. — Kcemf. amcen. 476 and 185. t. 477. hist. jap. 458. with a figure. Bark warted, fleshy, and clammy. Petioles purplish. Flowers white. Berries 2-seeded, red, but white within. Japan Kadsura. Fl. June, Sept. Shrub twining. 2 K. GRANDIFLO'RA (Wall. tent. fl. nap. 1. p. 10. t. 14.) twining ; leaves oblong, acuminated, serrated, netted beneath ; peduncles 1 -flowered, solitary, nodding, twice as long as petioles, bractless ; stamens complete ; filaments awl-shaped. ^ . /^>. G. Native of Nipaul on Sheopore. The whole shrub smooth. Flowers whitish-yellow, purplish towards the base. Berries 2- seeded, in spikes on a thick clavated receptacle. Great-Jlowered Kadsura. Shrub twining. 3 K. PROPI'NQUA (Wall. I.e. p. 11. t. 15.) twining; leaves ovate-lanceolate, almost quite entire ; flowers in fascicles, erect- ish ; peduncles furnished with bracteas, hardly equalling the petioles in length ; anthers sessile, immersed. Tj . ^. S. Native of Nipaul on Sheopore. Flowers solitary or twin, inodorous, pale-yellow, at length orange, drooping a little. Berries 2- seeded, spiked on a tuberculated receptacle. Allied Kadsura. Shrub twining. Cult. The species of Kadsura will thrive well in sandy loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will strike root if planted in a pot of sand,. placed under a hand-glass. V. MAY'NA (probably the name of M. odorata in Guiana). Aubl. gujan..2.- p, 922. t. 352.. Juss. 281. Lam. diet. 3. p. 68. t. 491. D.'C. syst. 1. p. 44-6. prod. 1. p. 79. LIN. SYST. Dicecia, Polyandria. Flowers dioecious, male ones of 3 sepals and 6-9 petals (f. 27. c.) and numerous 4-sided anthers (f. 27. a.). The carpels are perhaps disposed in spikes, on an elongated receptacle ? Shrubs with large stalked smooth leaves and small axillary flowers. 1 M. ODORA'TA (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 922. t. 352.) leaves oblong, quite entire. Tj . S. Native of Cayenne. Pedicels numerous, ax- illary, 1 -flowered. Flowers small, white, sweet-scented. Stveet-scented Mayna. Fl. Dec. Shrub 8 feet. 2 M. SERI'CEA (Spreng. neu. entd. 2. p. 158.) leaves lanceolate, quite entire, silky on the under surface. 1?.S. Native of Brazil. Flowers stalked, axillary, aggre- gate, sweet-scented, usually 6- petalled. Ovaries usually 6. Silky-leaved Mayna. Shrub 6 feet. 3 M. BRASILIE'NSIS (Raddi in act. soc. ital. 1 8. p. 23.) leaves oblong, toothletted, tapering much at the base ; peduncles 8- flowered. 1? . S. Native near Rio Janeiro in the dense woods in the mountain of Cercovado. Brazilian Mayna. Tree 40 feet. Cult. As no species of this genus has as yet been introduced FIG. 27. into Europe, the mode of cultivating and propagating them is therefore unknown, but notwithstanding we would advise their being grown in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and ripened cuttings will no doubt root if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them, in heat, f ORDER VI. MENISPERMA' CE^E (plant agreeing with Me- nispermum in many important characters). D. C. prod. 1. p. 95. Menispermeae, Jaum. fam. 2. p. 82. t. 86. D. C. syst. 1. p. 509. Flowers unisexual. Sepals and petals of a definite number, deci- duous, disposed in a ternary or quaternary, rarely quinary order, but the petals are sometimes absent. Stamens in the male flowers • monodelphous (f. 28. c.) rarely free, equal in number with the pe- tals, and opposite them, rarely double that number or fewer. An- thers adnate, usually adhering the whole length of the filaments, bursting outwards. In the female flowers the ovaries are numer- ous (f. 28. i. f. 30. a.) somewhat connected at the base, some- times solitary, each bearing a style, or many-celled. Drupes nearly all baccate, 1 or many-seeded, oblique or lunulate, compressed, with the seeds of the same form. Embryo curved or peripheric. Albumen wanting, or when present it is very sparing and fleshy. Cotyledons flat, sometimes distant, and placed in the two cells of the seed. Climbing or twining shrubs, mostly natives within the tropics, with alternate, stalked, usually cordate or peltate, sim- ple, rarely compound leaves, always with the middle nerve terminating in an awn or point, destitute of stipulas. Flowers small, usually racemose and axillary. This order differs from Anonacece in the plants being climbing, which is very rarely the case in that order, as well as in the stamens being definite, in the structure of the fruit, and distinct habit of the plants, and from Berbertdece in the stamens being opposite the petals. The bitter diuretic sorts of Pareira brava are the produce of Cissampelos Pareira. The famous Colomba-root, so much esteemed for its intense bitterness, and for its use in diarrhoea and dysentery, is the produce of Cocculus palmatus. The poisonous drug called Cocculus Indicus is the produce of Cocculus suberbsus, and several Brazilian species of Cocculus are said to possess powerful febrifugal qualities, which may be said of the whole of the plants of this order in a greater or less degree. The berries of Lardizabala biterndta are sold in the markets of Chili, according to different travellers. The seeds do not retain their vegetating power any length of time, therefore they are truly difficult to import in a living state from any great distance, but as none of the species are ornamental, this is the less to be regretted. Synopsis of the Genera. TRIBE I. LARDIZABA'LEJE. D. C. prod. 1. p. 95. Flowers usually dioecious. Male flowers with symmetrical number of parts (f. 28. a. d.). Carpels numerous, distinct (f. 28. i.) many-seeded, 1 or many-celled. Leaves compound. 1 LARDIZABA'LA. Flowers dioecious. Sepals and petals dis- posed in a ternary order (f. 28. a. d. h.) in 2 or 3 series. Male flowers with 6 monodelphous stamens (f. 28. c. 6.) female ones with 3-6 6-celled berries (f. 28. «'.) cells many-seeded. 2 STAUNTQ'NIA. Sepals disposed in a ternary order in 2 MENISPERMACEjE. I. LARDIZABALA. 103 series. Petals wanting. Male flowers with 6 monodelphous stamens. Female flowers unknown. 3 BURASA'IA. Sepals and petals disposed in a ternary order in 2 series. Male flowers with 6 stamens, which are connected at the base. Ovary triple. Drupes 3. 4 HOLBO'LLIA. Flowers monoecious. Sepals 6, in two series. Male flowers with 6 stamens, furnished with a gland at the base of each stamen. Berries 3, distinct, oblong, follicular, 1 -celled, many-seeded. 5 GYNOSTE'MMA. Sepals 10, in 2 series, connected at the base. Petals wanting. Male flowers with 5 monodelphous sta- mens ; female ones with 3-4-celled ovary ; cells 1 -seeded. TRIBE II. MENISPE'RMEJE. D. C. prod. 1. p.96. Flowers usually dioe- cious. Male ones with a symmetrical number of parts (f. 29. a. &.). Carpels numerous, distinct (f. 30. a.), l-celled, l-seeded(f. 30. 6.). Leaves simple. Flowers small, usually greenish yellow. 6 SPIROSPE'RMUM, Sepals and petals disposed in a ternary order in 2 series. Male flowers with 6 stamens, the 3 inner ones connected at the base ; female ones with 8 or 9 carpels. 7 CO'CCULUS. Sepals and petals disposed in a ternary order, in 2, rarely 3, series (f. 29. a. &.). Male flowers with 6 free stamens, which are opposite the petals, female ones with 3-6 carpels. 8 COSCI'NIUM. Sepals and petals disposed in a ternary order, in 2 series. Male flowers with 6 free stamens, female ones with 3 ovaries. Berries 1-3. Seed pierced by a large hole. 9 TILIACOVRA. Sepals and petals disposed in a ternary order ; sepals 6 ; petals 3. Male flowers with 6 stamens, alternate ones shortest ; female flowers with about 12 ovaries. Berries on pedicels. 10 ANAMI'RTA. Calyx of 2 sepals. Petals C in 2 series. Stamens 6, monodelphous ; anthers collected into a globe. Fe- male flowers unknown. 1 1 PSE'LIUM. Sepals and petals disposed in a ternary order, in 2 series. Male flowers with 6 free stamens ; female ones with 4 sepals without petals, with a single ovary and a trifid stigma. 12 CISSA'MPELOS. Male flowers with 4 sepals, without petals, and 4 or 2 monodelphous stamens. Female flowers with 1 lateral sepal and 1 petal in front of the sepal. Ovary 1. Stigmas 3. Drupe obliquely kidney-shaped. 13 MENISPE'RMUM. Sepals and petals disposed in a quater- nary order, in 2 or 3 series. Male flowers with 16-20 stamens, female ones with 2 or 4 ovaries. Drupe baccate, roundish-kid- ney-shaped. 14 ABI/TA. Flowers unknown. Berries 2 or 3, rising from the same receptacle (f. 30. a.), large, ovate, dry, somewhat com- pressed, with a fragile covering, (f. 30. 6.). 15 TRICHO'A. Sepals and petals 3, reflexed at the top. Male flowers with 6 stamens inserted in the disk, the 3 outer ones are sterile alternating with the petals, the 3 central ones monodelphous and fertile. Female flowers with 6 sterile stamens and 3 drupaceous, coriaceous, oblong, villous, carpels. 16 AGDE'STIS. Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 4. Petals wanting. Stamens 24. Anthers bifid at both ends. Carpels 4, connected together into one 4-furrowed ovary, bearing only one style, which is terminated by 4 spreading stigmas. 1 7 CLV'PEA. Male flowers with 6 sepals, the 3 alternate ones smaller. Petals 3. Filament 1, truncate, crowned by an an- nular anther. Female flowers with 6 sepals without petals. Stigma filiform. Berry superior. Allied, Genera. 18 MENISCO'STA. Flowers polygamous, male ones with a small 4-5-cleft calyx and 4-5 petals disposed in two series. Stamens 5, broad, opposite the petals, and glued to them at the base. Ovary didymous, sterile. Female flowers with the calyx, corolla, and stamens as in the male. Ovary didymous. Stigmas 2, bluntish. Drupes 2, baccate, kidney-shaped, compressed, 1 -seeded. 19 Jo' DBS. Flowers dioecious, male ones with a 5-parted calyx, a 5-parted corolla, and 5 stamens which are connected at the base ; female ones with the calyx and corolla as in the male, but are usually 6-cleft. Ovary simple, ovate-globose, 1 -seeded. Stigma sessile, orbicular, radiately emarginate. Fruit unknown. Tribe I. LARDIZABA'LEJS (plants agreeing in character with Lar- dizabala). D. C. prod. 1. p. 95. Flowers usually dioecious. Male flowers equal in number of parts. Carpels many, distinct, many-seeded, 1 or many-celled. Leaves compound. I. LARDIZABA'LA, (in honour of Michael Lardizala y Uribe, a Spanish naturalist, mentioned by the authors of Flora Peruviana, p. 133.) Ruiz, et Pav. prod. p. 143. t. 37. D. C. sys. 1. p. 511. prod. 1. p. 95. LIN. SYST. Dice da or Polygamia, Monodelphia. Flowers dioecious or polygamous. Sepals and petals disposed in a ter- nary order in 2 or 3 series (f. 28. a. d. /;.). Male flowers with 6 monodelphous stamens (f. 28. c.6.). Female with 3 or 6 6-celled berries (f. 28. i. e.~) ; cells many-seeded. Pulp of fruit sweet and eatable. 1. L. BITERNA'TA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. syst. 286. prod. t. 37.) leaves 2-3-ternate ; leaflets oblong, acute, unequal at the base, hence a little toothed ; bracteas 2, large, un- equally cordate, situated at the base of peduncle. ^ . ^. S. Native of Chili in woods at Conception ; also in Peru about Arauco. The fruit eatable, and is gathered and sold at markets by the natives of Peru and Chili. The pulp is sweet and grateful to the taste. It is known in Peru by the name ofAguil- boguil and Guilbogui, and in Chili by that of Cogmll-Vochi. Biternate - leaved Lardizabala. Shrub twining. 2 L. TRITERNA'TA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. syst. 287.) leaves 2- 3-ternate ; leaflets oval or obovate, obtuse, quite entire ; bracteas 2, large, ovate, situated at the base of the peduncle. T? . /\ S. Native of Chili in the woods at Conception. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 91. Flowers unknown. Fruit 3, oblong cylindrical ; younger ones crowned by the thick stigma. Triternate-leaved Lardizabala. Shrub twining. 3 L. TRIFOLIA'IA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 513.) leaves ternate, tri- FIG. 28. 104 MENISPERMACE^;. II. STAUNTONIA. III. BURASAIA. IV. HOLBOLLIA. V. GYNOSTEMMA, &c. foliate ; leaflets ovate ; bracteas small, along the pedicels. Jj . w. S. Native of Peru. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 92. A some- what climbing shrub, with the habit of a species of Glycine. Flowers whitish-yellow. Petals 6, ovate-roundish, situated at the base of the column of stamens. Trifoliate Lardizabala. Shrub cl. Cult. See Cocculus and Stauntonia. II. STAUNTO'NIA (in honour of Sir George Staunton, who has introduced numerous plants from China, on his return from a mission there with Lord Macartney). D. C. syst. 1. p. 513. prod. 1. p. 96. LIN. SYST. Diaicia Monodelphia. Sepals disposed in a ter- nary order in 2 series. Petals none. Male flowers with 6 monodelphous stamens. Female flowers unknown. 1 S. CHINE'NSIS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 514.) Tj . w. G. Native of China. Sepals of flower 6 lines long. Anthers whitish. Leaves on petioles, peltate, 5 -foliate. A smooth sarmentose shrub. Chinese Stauntonia. Shrub rambling. Cult. This plant, as well as all belonging to Menispermacece, require plenty of room to grow and climb or they will not flower. A mixture of loam and peat suit it well, and cuttings put in in the spring will root freely, under a hand-glass, t III. BURASA'IA (from Bourasaha, the name of the plant in Madagascar.) Pet. Th. diet, scient. nat. ex gen. madag. p. 18. D. C. syst. 1. p. 514. prod. 1. p. 96. LIN. SYST. Dicecia Monodelphia. Sepals and petals dis- posed in a ternary order in 2 series. Male flowers with 6 stamens, which are joined at the base. Female flowers with 6 sterile stamens, triple ovary, and 3 drupes. 1 B. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (Pet. Th. 1. c.) Tj . S. Native of Madagascar. Leaves alternate, trifoliate, on long petioles ; leaflets 3, ovate, entire. A weak shrub with racemose flowers. Madagascar Bourasaha. Shrub rambling. Cult. This plant will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and cuttings put in in the spring will root freely under a hand-glass, placed in a good heat, f IV. HOLBOLLIA (in honour of Fred. Louis Holboel, super- intendent of the botanic garden at Copenhagen.) Wall. tent. fl. nap. 1. p. 25. t. 16 and 17. LIN. SYST. MoncJcia, Hexandria. Flowers monoecious. Pe- rianth 6-leaved, disposed in a double series. Stamens 6, distinct. Glands 6, opposite the base of the stamens. Female flowers, with 6 sterile stamens. Stigma simple. Berries 3, distinct, oblong, follicular, 1 -celled, many-seeded. — Climbing shrubs, with com- pound leaves. The natives of Nipaul eat the fruit of both species, the pulp of which is sweetish, but otherwise of an in- sipid taste. It is very probable that Rajania quinata and hexa- phylla, Thunb. fl. jap. 148, 149. belong to this genus. 1 H. LATIFO HA (Wall. tent. fl. nap. 1. p. 24. t. 16.) leaflets 3-5, ovate-oblong, 3 -nerved ; flowers racemose. Jj. w. G. Native of Nipaul on Chundaghira and Sheopore. Flowers white, campanulate. Fruit baccate, oval, turning, purple, eatable. Broad-leaved Holbollia. Shrub cl. 2 H. ANGUSTIFO'LIA (Wall. tent. fl. nap. 1. p. 25. t. 17.) leaflets 7-9, linear-lanceolate, acuminated ; peduncles 2-3-flower- ed, in fascicles. ^ . ^. G. Native of Nipaul, with the last. Flowers white, purplish on the outside. Fruit baccate, turning purple, eatable. Narrow-leaved Holbollia. Shrub cl. Cult. See Cocculus and Stauntonia. V. GYNOSTE'MM A (from yvvn, gyne, a female or stigma ; aTtppa, stemma, a crown ; ovaries crowned by the permanent stig- mas.) Blum, bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 497. LIN. SYST. Dice'cia, Monodelphia. Flowers dioecious. Sepals 10, disposed in a quinary order, connected at the base. Petals wanting. Stamens 5, monodelphous, bearing the anthers on the outside ; anthers 2-celled, connected into a ring. Female flowers with the calyx as in the male. Ovary simple, half in- ferior, 3-5-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. Stigmas 3-4, permanent. Drupes globose, 3-4-celled ; cells or nuts 1 -seeded. Embryo inverted, without albumen. — Climbing shrubs, with simple or pedate leaves. 1 G. PEDA'TA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves 3-7-foliate ; leaflets ovate- oblong, coarsely toothed ; panicle axillary, fy . w. S. Native of Java. /Wa/e-leaved Gynostemma. Shrub cl. 2 G. SIMPLICIFO'LIA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves ovate-oblong, acumi- nated, smooth, terminated by a repand-serrulated mucrone ; ra- cemes panicled, axillary, and terminal. Jj . ^ S. Native of Java. Simple-leaved Gynostemma. Shrub cl. Cult. See Cocculus and Stauntonia. Tribe II. MENISPE'RME^! (plants agreeing in character with Menis- permum.)D.C. prod. l.p. 96. Flowers usually dioecious ; male flowers equal in number of parts. Carpels many, distinct, 1- celled, 1-seeded. Leaves simple. Twining or climbing shrubs, with small inconspicuous flowers, which are usually greenish-yellow. VI. SPIROSPE'RMUM (from oTritpa, spiera, a screw ; airtp- fia., sperma, a seed ; embryo long and spirally twisted.) Pet. Th. diet, scienc. nat. ex gen. mad. p. 19. no. 63. D. C. syst. 1. p. 514. prod. 1. p. 96. LIN. SYST. Dicecia, Monodelphia. Sepals and petals dis- posed in a ternary order in two series. Male flowers with 6 stamens, the 3 inner ones are joined at the base ; female ones with 8 or 9 carpels, forming a round head. Embryo cylindrical, very long and spirally twisted, whence the generic name. 1 S. PENDULIFLOVRUM (Pet. Th. 1. c.) Jj . w. S. Native of Madagascar. A weak sarmentose shrub, with alternate many- nerved leaves, and pendulous racemes of flowers. Pendulous-flowered Spirospermum. Cult. This genus requires the same treatment as Cocculus, which see. VII. CO'CCULUS (from coccus, the systematic name of cochineal, applied to this genus on account of the greater part of the species bearing scarlet berries.) Bauh. pin. 511. D. C. syst. 1. p. 515. prod. 1. p. 96. LIN. SYST. Dicecia, Hexandria. Sepals and petals disposed in a ternary order, in 2, very rarely in 3 series (f. 29. a.). Male flowers with 6 free stamens (f. 29. 4.) opposite the petals ; female ones with 3 or 6 carpels. Drupes baccate, 1 to 6, usually obliquely-reniform, somewhat flattened, 1-seeded. Cotelydons distant. A large genus of climbing or twining shrubs, with pel- tate, cordate, ovate or oblong, entire, rarely lobed leaves. Pe- duncles axillary, rarely lateral, those bearing the male flowers usually many-flowered, those bearing the female ones few- flowered, either free from bracteas or furnished with very small ones (not as in Cissdmpelos furnished with large bracteas.) The berries of many of this genus are used in their native countries to intoxicate fish and birds, &c. in order to take them, being made up into a paste, and it is said they are often used by brewers to give their ale and porter an intoxicating quality. § 1. Leaves peltate. 1 C. JAPO'NICUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 516.) leaves peltate, roundish- ovate, acuminated, quite entire, smooth ; petioles twining, length of leaves ; female peduncles 3 times shorter than the petioles, umbelliferous ; carpels twin, fj . w. G. Native of Japan near Nagasaki and elsewhere. Menispermum Jap6ni- MENISPERMACEJE. VII. COCCULUS. 105 cum, Thunb. jap. 195. Stems smooth, slightly polygonal. Seeds white. Far. /3, Timoriensis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 96.) peduncles equal in length to the petioles. Perhaps a different species. I? • '"'• S. Native of the island of Timor. Japan Cocculus. Shrub tw. 2 C. ROXBURGHIA'NUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 516.) leaves peltate, ovate, roundish at the base, and acutish at the apex, quite entire, smooth ; petioles much shorter than the leaves ; female peduncles much shorter than the petioles, umbelliferous ; berries generally 6 or 7. J? . °. S. Native of the East Indies. Cissdmpelos glabra, Roxb. according to Wallich. Very like Cocculus Japo- nicus. Branches smooth, climbing and twining, cylindrical. Roxburgh's Cocculus. Shrub tw. 3 C. PELTA'TUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 516.) leaves peltate, some- what triangular, acuminated, bluntly truncate at the base, quite entire, rather scabrous ; petioles pilose ; female peduncles race- mose, scarcely double the length of the petioles. Tj . r*. S. Native of Coromandel and Malabar. — Pluk. phyt. t. 24. f. 6. — Rheed. mal. 7. p. 93. t. 49. Menispermum peltatum, Lam. diet. 4. p. 96. Root the form and size of that of Daucus sattvus, or carrot, and it is used for the cure of dysentery and he- morrhoids in Malabar. Female flowers small, whitish. Fruit, when ripe, white and shining. Peltate-\ea.ved Cocculus. Shrub tw. 4 C. BURMA'NNI (D. C. syst. 1. p. 517.) leaves peltate, trian- gularly oblong, acuminated, quite entire, shining, bluntly truncate at the base ; male peduncles very long, racemose. Tj . r^. S. Native of Ceylon. — Burm. zeyl. 218. t. 101. Male flowers 6- cleft, and the female ones with 1 pistil. Burmann's Cocculus. Shrub tw. 5 C. FORSTE'RI (D. C. syst. 1. p. 517.) leaves peltate, ovate, roundish at the base and acutish at the apex, quite entire, smooth ; petioles longer than the leaves. Tj . 0. S. Native ? Menispermum peltatum, Forst. ined. in herb. Lamb. This shrub is very like C. Roxburghidnus, but the leaves are a little larger. Forster's Cocculus. Shrub tw. 6 C. RIMO'SUS (Blum, bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Lin- naea. 1. p. 498.) leaves somewhat peltate ; oval-oblong, acute, coriaceous, smooth ; racemes panicled, axillary, shorter than the leaves ; stems chinky, or rather the bark. Jj . r>. S. Native of Java. Menispermum rimosum, Spreng. syst. app. p. 143. C/iin£y-barked Cocculus. Shrub tw. | 2. Leaves cordate at the base. 7 C. ROTUNDIFO'LIUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 517.) leaves somewhat peltate, rather cordate at the base, orbicular, hardly acuminated, mucronate, smooth ; peduncles axillary, racemosely-panicled, shorter than the leaves. Tj . >_,. S. Native ? Cultivated in the gardens at Paris in 1812. This shrub is very like Aristolo- chia slpho in habit. Berries blackish, somewhat globose, the size of a pea. Round-leaved Cocculus. Fl. ? Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 8 C. CORYMBO'SUS (Blum. 1. c.) leaves somewhat peltate, cor- date-roundish, mucronulate, 5-nerved ; corymbs axillary, soli- tary, shorter than the leaves ; pedicels somewhat umbellate. Jj . w. S. Native of Java. Menispermum corymbosum, Spreng. syst. app. p. 143. Plant villous. Corymbose-RovtereA Cocculus. Shrub cl. 9 C. GJAUCE'SCENS (Blum. 1. c.) leaves somewhat peltate, cordate-orbicular, mucronate, smooth, under surface glaucous ; racemes panicled, lateral, longer than the leaves. Jj . r*. S. Native of Java. Menispermum glaucescens, Spreng. syst. app. p. 143. VOL. I. PART II. Glaucescent-leaved Cocculus. Shrub tw. 10 C. CORDIFO'LIUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 518.) leaves orbicular, cordate, acuminately-cuspidate, 7-nerved, smooth ; female racemes lateral, simple, longer than the leaves, fy . w. S. Na- tive of Malabar and the East Indies. Citamerdu, Rheed. mal. 7. p. 39. t. 21. Menispermum cordifolium, Willd. spec. 4. p. 826. M. Malabaricum var. /3, Lam. diet. 4. p. 96. M. glabrum Klein, mss. Fruit ovate, tern ; a decoction of them is re- freshing, and the juice of the plant cures ulcers, according to Rheede. It is also employed in the cure of jaundice in India. It is tonic and febrifuge. Heart-leaved Cocculus. Clt. 1822. Shrub cl. 11C. CONVOLVULA'CEUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 518.) leaves orbicu- lar, cordate, acuminately-cuspidate, 7-nerved, smooth ; male peduncles simple, axillary, shorter than the leaves. Tj . ^\ S. Native of the East Indies. This plant is very like C. cordifollus, and is perhaps the male plant of that species. Convolvulus-like Cocculus. , Shrub tw. 12 C. MALABA RICUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 518.) leaves cordate, ovate, acuminated, under surface villous ; female racemes simple, lateral, length of the leaves. Tj . /^>. S. Native of Malabar, where it is always in flower and fruit. Menispermum Malaba- ricum, Willd. spec. 4. p. 826. Pee-amerdu, Rheed. mal. 7. p. 37. t. 19 and 20. The flowers, according to Rheede, are herma- phrodite, and of a pale green-colour. Fruit first green, then yel- lowish, but at last reddish and shining. Malabar Cocculus. Fl. year. Shrub twining. 13 C. CORIACEUS (Blum, bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 498.) leaves cordate, ovate, bluntly acuminated, mucronate, coriaceous, smooth ; racemes elongated, axillary, solitary, pendulous, tj.^ S. Native of Java. Menispermum coriaceum, Spreng. syst. app. p. 148. Coriaceous-leaved Cocculus. Shrub cl. 14 C. POPULIFO'LIUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 519.) leaves heart- shaped, acuminated, quite entire,,smooth ; female panicles large, many-flowered. Jj . ^\ S. Native of the island of Timor. This plant is very like C. cordifolius and C. Malabaricus, with large leaves, similar to those of Populus anguldtus. Carpels 1 or 2, baccate, on pedicels, somewhat globose, about the size of a pea. Poplar-leaved Cocculus. Shrub tw. 15 C. LACUNO'SUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 519.) leaves heart-shaped, acuminated, upper surface green and smooth, under surface clothed with yellowish wool ; peduncles lateral, compound, race- mose, twice as long as petioles. >j . ^. S. Native of the Cele- bes and Moluccas on rocks by the sea-shore. — Rumph. amb. 5. p. 35. t. 22. Menispermum lacunosum, Lam. diet. 4. p. 98. Flowers small, white, 6-parted, with an ungrateful odour. Berries at first white, then black, and at last purplish-black ; they are used by the natives in various ways for taking birds and fish by intoxicating them ; the most common mode of giving them, is in a paste. Pfofed-barked Cocculus. Shrub tw. 16 C. SUBEROSUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 519.) leaves cordate, subtruncate at the base, compact, shining ; panicles many-flower- ed ; stem perennial, twining ; bark corky and chinky. fj . *"*. S. Native of Malabar. Cocci orientalis, Tab. icon. t. 924. f. 1. Menispermum Cocculus, Lin. spe. 1468 ? Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 219. t. 70. f. 1. exclusive of the synonyms. This is considered the true Cocculus Indicus of the shops. The berries are used in various ways as a medicine, and for killing vermin. They are also used in the East Indies to intoxicate fish, &c. in order to take them, being made up into a paste and thrown into the water. Their use for this purpose is, we believe, prohibited in England, nor is it easy to account for the copious importation of these berries as an article of trade, unless they serve to adul- 106 MENISPERMACE^E. VII. COCCULUS. terate fermented liquors, as is often reported. The seeds are intensely bitter and very acrid. M. Boullay analyzed them, and found them to contain about half their weight of a concrete waxy oil, albumen, a particular colouring matter, a new bitter poisonous principle, Picrotoxia Lignin, and various new saline matters. In later experiments M. Bonllay detected a peculiar acid, to which he has given the name of Menispermic. Picrotoxia is obtained by digesting for a day a decoction of the berry upon caustic magnesia. It is then to be treated with alcohol, which dissolves out the picrotoxia, and this may be purified by evapora- tion and repeating the solution, and if much coloured, by the addi- tion of animal charcoal. It has the form of quadrangular prisms, white, brilliant, semi-transparent, and extremely bitter ; it is soluble in three parts of alcohol, in 25 of boiling, and 50 of cold water. It melts by heat, and contains no a^ote. Vauquelin got a substance very similar from the Daphne alpina. Picrotoxia resembles camphor in its action, but is much more powerful and deleterious. The extract has been lately recommended by M. Fouquier of Paris in paralysis, but Dr. Duncan of Edinburgh tried it, and found it less energetic than considering its nature and the small proportion of extract obtained he expected. It seemed to act as a tonic, and to keep the bowels in a good state, but he observed it had no narcotic or stimulant effects. An ointment made with it has long been a domestic remedy in some places to kill vermin on the head, and is successfully applied in cases of tinea of the head. Perhaps the berries of several Indian species of this genus possess the same quality. Cork-barked Cocculus. Fl. ? Clt. 1790. Shrub tw. 17 C. PLUKENE'TII (D. C. syst. 1. p. 520.) leaves ovate, somewhat cordate at the base, bluntly truncate and mucronate at the apex ; female racemes axillary, simple, rather longer than the leaves. Tj . /*N. S. Native of Malabar and Java. C. orfi- cinarum, Pluk. mant. 52. t. 345. f. 7. Menispermum C6cculus, Willd. 4. p. 826. The berries are in bunches like grapes, but smaller ; first white, then red,' and finally blackish purple. In the East Indies they are made into a paste which is used to in- toxicate fish and birds, &c. Plukenet's Cocculus. Fl. ? Clt. 1790. Shrub cl. 18 C. ARISTOLOCHLE (D. C. syst. 1. p. 520.) leaves cordate, blunt, mucronate, entire ; female peduncles 1 -flowered, shorter than the petioles. I? . w. S. Native of Madras. — Pluk. aim. t. 13. f. 2. ,/^mto/ocAia-leaved Cocculus. Shrub cl. 19 C. PLAVE'SCENS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 520.) leaves somewhat cordate, ovate, bluntly-acuminated, younger ones orbicular, pubescent ; female racemes panicled, lateral, longer than the leaves. ^ . ^. S. Native of the Moluccas on rocks by the sea-shore. — Rumph. amb. 5. p. 38. t. 24. Menispermum flaves- cens, Lam. diet. 4. p. 100. Flowers small, white, sweet-scented. Fruit of a dirty yellow colour ; they are used to poison fish. A decoction of the wood is used against the jaundice, white phlegm, and indigestion, in the Moluccas. (Rumph.) Yellowish-fruited Cocculus. Fl. Sept. Shrub cl. 20 C. GLAU'CUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 521.) leaves heart-shaped, acuminated, entire, under surface pubescent ; peduncles race- mosely-corymbose, shorter than the petioles. f? . w. S. Native of Amboyna in sunny valleys and deserted gardens.— Rumph. amb. 5. p. 40. t. 25. f. 1. Menispermum glaucum, Lam. diet. 4. p. 100. Flowers small, yellowish-green. Berries small, blackish- purple. Glaucous-leaved Cocculus. Fl. Jul. Shrub cl. 21 C. CRi'spus(D. C. syst. 1. p. 521.) leaves cordate, acumi- nated, smooth ; stem somewhat angular, and rough with roundish tubercles ; racemes simple, slender, lateral. J? . w. S. Native of Java, Sumatra, Moluccas, and Bengal, and from thence tran- sported to Amboyna and Bali. — Colebr. in Lin. soc. trans. 13. 1 p. 6. t. 17. f. 3.— Rumph. amb. 5. p. 83. t. 44. f. 1. Menisper- mum crispum, Lin. spec. 1468. The whole plant is bitter, and is used in the Moluccas against gripings of the abdomen, and to kill vermin. It is considered by the natives of Bengal a power- ful tonic, and is very highly valued by them. Curled Cocculus. Fl. ? Clt. 1822. Shrub cl. 22 C. TAMOIDES (D. C. syst. 1. p. 521.) leaves very entire, truncate or cordate at the base, ovate, pointed, 5-nerved, smooth; male racemes slender, a little longer than the leaves. Jj . °. S. Native of Cayenne. Similar to C. Carollnus, but differing in the leaves being smooth and the racemes much longer. Tamus-like Cocculus. Shrub tw. 23 C. CHONDODE'NDRON (D. C. syst. 1. p. 522.) leaves cor- date, much crenated, acuminated, under surface tomentose. \ . w. S. Native of South America in Pilaya. Chondodendron to- mentosum, Ruiz, et Pav. prod. fl. per. 132. syst. 261. Epiba- terium? tomentosum, Pers. ench. 2. p. 561. The bark of this species is exceedingly bitter. Lump-tree Cocculus. Fl. Oct. Nov. Shrub cl. 24 C. INCA NUS (Coleb. in Lin. trans. 13. p. 57. t. 17. f. 1.) leaves cordate, entire, villous, mucronate ; panicles axillary, shorter than the leaves. J? . w. S. Native of Chitagong and Silhet in Bengal. Menispermum villosum, Roxb. mss. Flowers yellowish-green, inodorous. //oary-leaved Cocculus. Fl. year. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 25 C. SE'PIDM (Coleb. in Lin. soc. trans. 13. p. 58. 1. 17. f. 2.) leaves from broad cordate to linear cordate, downy ; male flgwers in racemes ; female ones axillary, solitary. Jj . ^. S. Menis- permum hirsutum, Roxb. citing Willd. spec. 4. p. 829. Native of the East Indies. Very common in hedges. Hedge Cocculus. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 26 C. TOMENTO'SUS (Coleb. in Lin. soc. trans. 13. p. 59.) leaves roundish-cordate, 3-lobed, tomentose ; racemes axillary, generally simple, one, two, or more together ; corollas expand- ing ; nectarial scales entire. Tj . w. S. Native of Bengal in thickets and hedges. Menispermum tomentosum, Roxb. mss. Tomentose Cocculus. Fl. Feb. March. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 27 C. HEXA'GYNUS (Coleb. in Lin. soc. trans. 13. p. 63.) old leaves cordate, younger ones parabolic, entire, upper surface smooth, under surface rather hairy ; racemes axillary and ter- minal, panicled, villous ; pedicels 3-flowered. Ij . °. G. Na- tive of China near Canton. Menispermum hexagynum, Roxb. mss. Flowers small, white. Six-styled Cocculus. Shrub tw. 28 C. BANTAME'NSIS (Blum, bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 498.) leaves somewhat cordate-oval, acute, gener- ally 5-nerved, smooth, quite entire ; panicles elongated, axillary, solitary. T? . w. S. Native of Java. Menispermum Banta- mense, Spreng. syst. app. p. 148. Bantam Cocculus. Shrub cl. 29 C. HASTA'TUS(D. C. syst. 1. p. 522.) leaves cordate at the base, hastate, villous beneath ; auricles blunt, drawn out a little beyond the auricles at the apex ; petioles villous, six times shorter than the leaves. Tj . /^>. S. Native of the East Indies. Menis- permum hastatum, Lam. diet. 4. p. 98. Halbert-leaved Cocculus. Shrub tw. 30 C. TRI'LOBUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 522.) leaves 3-lobed, nerved, villous ; lobes acute, mucronate, entire ; petioles reflexed at the base ; peduncles racemose, shorter than the petioles. Jj . ^\ G. Native of Japan near Nagasaki. Menispermum tri- lobum, Thunb. fl. jap. 194. The whole plant is villous. Flowers whitish. Berries globose, 1 -seeded, about the size of a small pea. Three-lobed-\ea.ved Cocculus. Fl. Sep. Oct. Shrub tw. 31 C. PALMA'TUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 522.) leaves cordate at the base, palmately-5-cleft, covered with hispid hairs, lobes MENISPERMACEJE. VII. COCCULUS. 107 acuminated, quite entire. If. , /'\ FIG. 29. S. Native of the south-eastern coast of Africa, especially in shady woods of Oibo and Mozambique. Menispermum palmatum, Lam. diet. 4. p. 95. D. C. ess. prop, pi. ed. 2. p. 79. Colomba, Colum- bo or Kalumbo, Berry, in asiat. reser. 10. p. 385. t. 5. Male plant. Roots perennial, thick, with fusiform branches (f. 29. c.). Stems twining, annual, about the thickness of a goose-quill. The roots of this plant are sold in the shops under the name of Calumba or Colomba Root ; it is a bitter stomachic, use- ful in dysentery, diarrhoea, and dys- pepsia. This root is produced in Africa in the country of the Caffres, and forms an important article of commerce with the Portuguese at Mozambique. It is remark- able that the place of the growth of this important plant should have been so long unknown to Europe. It is never cultivated, but grows naturally, and in great abundance in the thick forests that are said to cover the coasts of Oibo and Mozambique, and inland about 15 or 20 miles. The roots are dug up in March, the dry season, or when the natives are not employed in agriculture, not the original root, which is perennial, but off-setts from its base, that are of sufficient size, yet not so old as to be full of fibres, which render it unfit for commerce. Soon after it is dug up, the root is cut into slices, strung on cords and hung up to dry in the shade. It is deemed merchantable when on exposure to the sun it breaks short, and of a bad quality when it is soft or black. This root is in high estimation among the Africans, even far removed from Mozambique, for the cure of dysentery, which is frequent among them, also for the cure of syphilis and all com- plaints of long standing, and as a remedy for almost every dis- order. In powder, it is used for the cure of ulcers. It is generally brought in transverse sections, from half an inch to three inches in diameter, rarely divided across. This is evidently done to facilitate its drying ; for the large pieces are all per- forated with holes. The root is yellow within. Its smell is faintly aromatic, and readily lost when not preserved in close vessels ; the taste is unpleasant, bitter, and somewhat acrid ; the bark has the strongest taste ; the pith is almost mucilaginous. Its active constituent is a bitter principle called Cinchonine. It also contains a great deal of mucilage. Planche says it contains one-fourth of its weight of starch. It is accordingly more solu- ble in water than in alcohol. The tincture is not precipitated by water, and does not affect the colour of infusion of turnsole, or solution of red sulphate of iron. In India it is much used in diseases attended with bilious symptoms, particularly in cholera ; and it is said to be sometimes very effectual in other cases of vomiting. It produces excellent effects in dyspepsia. Half a drachm of the powder is given repeatedly in the day. The false Colombo-root, the produce ofFrasera Walteri, has been imported from the United States, (f. 29.) jPa/mafe-leaved Cocculus or Colombo-root. Fl. ? Clt. ? PL tw. 32 C. CINERA'SCENS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 59.) leaves ovate, acutish, mucronulate, somewhat cordate at the base, crenated, clothed with greyish tomentum beneath, fj. ^ S. Native of Brasil in woods. This plant is employed by the Brasilians in the treatment of fever, it being considered a powerful febrifuge, and is also regarded as a powerful specific in diseases of the liver. Greyish Cocculus. Shrub cl. 33 C. ORBICULA'TUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 523.) leaves orbicular, somewhat cordate, blunt, 5-7-nerved, mucronulate, under surface cinereously-pubescent ; male pedicels large, 1-3, racemose at the apex, shorter than the petioles. T? . ^. S. Native of Malabar and Tranquebar. Menispermum orbiculatum, Lin. spec. 1468. — Rheed. mal. 11. p. 127. t. 62.— Pluk. amalth. 61. t. 384. f. 6. Flowers small, villous on the outside. Perhaps a species of Cissdmpelos. Or&icwter-leaved Cocculus. Fl. ? Clt. 1790. Shrub tw. 34 C. DIVERSIFO'LIUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 523.) lower leaves cordate, middle ones ovate, upper ones oblong, all of which are truncate obtuse and mucronate ; peduncles 1-3-flowered, shorter than the leaves, tj . ^. S. Native of Mexico. Menispermum, spec. nov. Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers small, white. Berries fleshy, reddish, almost kidney-shaped. Very like C. Carolmus, but is easily distinguished from it by the tops of the leaves being truncate. Variable-leaved Cocculus. Shrub tw. 35 C. CAROLI'NUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 524.) leaves cordate or ovate, entire, obtuse or somewhat 3-lobed, under surface velvety- pubescent ; male racemes floriferous from the base, female ones 3-flowered. Tj . r>. H. but often herbaceous in gardens in cold countries. Native of Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, in woods and hedges. Menispermum Carolinum, Lin. spec. 1468. Wend- Mndia populif olia, Willd. spec. 2. p. 275. — Pursh.fl.amer.sept. 1. p. 252.— Dill. elth. 223. t. 178. f. 219. Androphilax scandens, Wendl. obs. p. 38. hort. herrenh. 3. t. 16. Baumgartia scandens, Moench, meth. 650. Flowers dioecious, but according to Wend- land often hermaphrodite. Berries, when ripe, red. Carolina Cocculus. Fl.Jun. Jul. Clt. 1759. Shrub tw. 36 C. LANUGINO'SUS (Blum, bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 498.) woolly ; leaves broad-ovate, retuse, scarcely cordate at the base ; corymbs axillary, crowded, much shorter than the leaves ; pedicels somewhat umbellate. Tj . w. S. Na- tive of Java. Woolly Cocculus. Shrub cl. 37 C. PLATIPHY'LLA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 59. pi. us. bras, t. 42.) leaves broad, heart-shaped, obsoletely-crenate, tomentose beneath. 17 . w. S. Native of Brasil in the northern parts of the province of Minas Geraes, where it is called Batua. This plant is employed by the Brasilians in the treatment of inter- mittent fevers, and it is also regarded by them as a powerful remedy in diseases of the liver. Broad-leaved Cocculus. Shrub cl. § 3. Leaves ovate, oval, or oblong. 88 C. THUKBE'RGII (D. C. syst. 1. p. 524.) leaves ovate, ob- tuse, with a point, under surface villous ; lower leaves somewhat triangular, upper ones orbicular ; flowers axillary, panicled. Tj . r^. S. Native of Japan near Nagasaki. Menispermum orbiculatum, Thunb. jap. 194. Compare it with Braam. icon, china, t. 2. f. 1. ; perhaps the same, or a new species. Thunberg's Cocculus. Shrub tw. 39 C. VILLO sus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 525.) leaves ovate or lan- ceolate, 3-5-nerved, younger ones villously-tomentose, adult ones pubescent, branchlets pubescent ; pedicels few-flowered, length of petioles. lj . or 1^ . r\ S. Native of Malabar and the East Indies. Plant very villous, having the appearance of a species of E 'volvulus. Far. a ; leaves oblong-lanceolate. — Pluk. amalth. 62. t. 384. f. 3. Menispermum myosotoides, Lin. spec. 1469. Var. ft; leaves all ovate.— Pluk. amalth. 61. t. 384. f. 7. Menispermum hirsutum, Lin. spec. 1469. Far. y ; upper leaves ovate, lower ones cordate. — Pluk. amalth. 61. t. 384. f. 5. Villous Cocculus. PL tw. 40 C. COTONEA'STER (D. C. syst. 1. p. 525.) leaves oval, quite entire, mucronate, under surface tomentose as well as the branches ; 108 MENISPERMACE;E. vn. peduncles racemose, longer than the petioles. ^ . w. S. Native perhaps of South America. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 93. Leaves resembling those of Cotoneaster vulgaris, but a little longer. Flowers small. Cotoneaster-]i\ie Cocculus. Shrub cl. 41 C. TRIA'NDRUS (Coleb. in Lin. soc. trans. 13. p. 64.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, smooth ; racemes axillary, one or more together, rather longer than the petioles. ^ . '"N S. Native of the Malay Islands. Menispermum triandrum, Roxb. MSS. Flowers numerous, minute, yellow. Triandrous Cocculus. Shrub tw. 42 C. OVALIFO'LIUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 426.) leaves oval, entire, mucronate, 3-nerved, smooth ; branchlets villous ; lower pedun- cles axillary, scarcely longer than the petioles, upper ones disposed in terminal panicles ; pedicels sub-umbellate. Jj . ^. S. Native of Java and China. Deless. icon. sel. 1 . t. 94. Menispermum ovalifolium, Pers. ench. 2. p. 628. Berries 2-3, smooth, com- pressed, orbicular. Oval-leaved Cocculus. Shrub, tw. 43 C. FIBRA'UREA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 525.) leaves ovate, acute, quite entire, smooth, on long petioles ; racemes oblong, lateral, fj . w. S. Native of Cochin-china and China in woods. Fi- braurea tinctoria, Lour. coch. ed Willd. 2. p. 769. Berries small, yellow, not eatable. Taste of whole plant bitter. Roots diuretic. The root and lower part of the stem are esteemed resolvent, deobstruent, and diuretic. The bruised stems afford by boiling a yellow dye, which is not very vivid but lasting, and serves as a basis for Turmerick and Safflower which, though more vivid, are not so durable. Golden-Jibred Cocculus. Shrub cl. 44 C. EILI'PTICUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 426.) leaves elliptical, obtuse, quite entire, smooth ; racemes axillary, in pairs, unequal, much shorter than the leaves. Tj . w. S. Native of Senegal. Menispermum ellipticum, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 657. Flowers small, greenish, disposed in unequal, small racemes. Elliptical-leaved Cocculus. Shrub cl. 45 C. LIMA'CIA (D. C. syst 1. p. 526.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, quite entire, smooth ; male flowers almost terminal, crowded, female ones in pairs, axillary. Tj . w. G. Native of Cochin-china in woods. Limacia scandens, Lour. coch. ed Willd. 2. p. 761. Flowers yellowish-green; berries small, smooth, fleshy, acrid, but eatable. The specific name Lamacia was applied to this plant by Loureiro, because the fruit resembles the shell of a limacon or snail. iSnaiZ-fruited Cocculus. Fl. cl. 46 C. CEBA'THA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 526.) leaves oval-oblong, mucronate, smooth, shining ; peduncles axillary, length of pe- tioles ; male ones capitate, female ones 1 -flowered. Tj . G. Native of Arabia. Cebatha, Forsk. aegyp. arab. 171. Menispermum edule, Vahl. symb. 1. p. 80. Flowers greenish. Berries red, when ripe eatable, but they have an acrid taste, and from them a wine is prepared which is called Chamr. el Madjnume in Arabia. Cebatha is a name of Arabian origin. Cebatha Cocculus. Shrub cl. ? 47 C. ACUMINA'TUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 527.) leaves ovate, acuminated, quite entire, smooth, somewhat 5 -nerved at the base, the rest feather-nerved ; racemes axillary, sub-villous, a little longer than the petioles. T? . ^,. S. Native of the East Indies. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 95. Menispermum acuminatum, Lam. diet. 4. p. 101. Very like C. radiatus in habit, but the petioles are one half longer. Flowers brownish. Berries obovate, nu- merous, stipitate, smooth. Pointed-leaved Cocculus. Shrub, cl. 48 C. RADIA'TUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 527.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, scarcely cordate, quite entire, feather-nerved, smooth; peduncles racemosely-panicled, 3-times longer than the petioles. J? . w. S. Native of the East Indies. Valli-caniram, Rheed. mal. 7. p. 5. t. 3. Menispermum radiatum, Lam. diet. 4. p. 100. Brkunea menispermoides, Willd. spec. 4. p. 797. Berries 3- seeded. Sepals and petals 3, with 6 nectariferous scales, in the petals of the male flowers ; female ones with 3 styles. Rayed Cocculus. Shrub tw. 49 C. LEPTOSTA'CHIUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 528.) leaves oval, acuminated, 3-nerved, smooth ; racemes axillary, simple, slender, length of leaves. T? .,__,. S. Native of Timor. Slender-spiked Cocculus. Shrub cl. 50 C. BRACHYSTA'CHYUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 528.) leaves ovate, acute, 3-5-nerved, smooth ; female racemes axillary, shorter than the petioles. Jj . w. S. Native of the island of Timor. Seeds within the berry, arched. Stem hardly scandent. Short-racemed Cocculus. Shrub cl. 51 C. DOMINGE'NSIS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 528.) leaves oval, acu- minated, quite entire, scarcely 3-nerved at the base, smooth ; peduncles racemosely-panicled, axillary, slender, somewhat shorter than the leaves, rising from a tubercled villous base. Tj . ^. S. Native of St. Domingo. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 96. Very like C. brachystachyus. Flowers very small. St. Domingo Cocculus. Shrub cl. 52 C. LE/EBA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 529.) leaves ovate-oblong, blunt, glaucous, somewhat pubescent, on short petioles ; branches rather twining. 1? . ^. G. Native of Upper Egypt. Male plant found about Liblad in the desert near Cairo, female ones rarely, usually far from the males. Lea;' ba, Forsk. fl. aegyp. p. 1 72. Juss. gen. 285. Menispermum Leaeba, Delile, fl. aegyp. ill. 30. descr.-t. 51. f. 2 and 3. Leaeba is the nameof the plant in Upper Egypt. Calyx yellowish ; petals greenish ; anther yellow. Leaeba Cocculus. Shrub tw. 53 C. OBLONGIFO'LIUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 529.) leaves oblong, 3-nerved, blunt at both ends, mucronate, smooth; peduncles shorter than the leaves, upper ones somewhat racemose, female ones 1 -flowered. I? . *"*. S. Native of Mexico. Menispermum, nov. spec. Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers small, white. Oblong-leaved Cocculus. Shrub tw. 54 C. TRIFLO'RUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 529.) leaves ovate-lanceo- late, acuminated, S-nerved at the base, quite entire, smoothish ; female peduncles axillary, trifid, 3-flowered, length of petioles. T; . w. S. Native of Java. Stems almost erect. Three-flowered Cocculus. Shrub cl. 55 C. MILLEFLO RUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 530.) leaves ovate, ob- tuse, feather- nerved, smooth, shining ; panicle terminal, many- flowered, branches spreading, in pairs. Tj . w. S. Native of Madagascar. Very like C. gomphioides but differing in the leaves being larger, more ovate at the base, and less attenuated at the apex. Thousand-Jloniered Cocculus. Shrub cl. 56 C. GOMPHIOIDES (D. C. syst. 1. p. 530.) leaves oblong, acuminated, 3-nerved at the base, quite entire, smooth, shining ; peduncles axillary, much longer than the leaves. Tj . v>. S. Na- tive of Madagascar. Berries about the size of a small grape. Gomphia-like Cocculus. Fl. ? Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 57 C. LAURIFO'LIUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 520.) leaves oblong, acuminated, smooth, shining ; peduncles lateral and axillary, branched at the top, rather shorter than the petioles. Tj . v_/l. S. Native of Nipaul and Sirinagur. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 97. Flowers very small, 8-10, smooth. Laurel-leaved Cocculus. Fl. Jan. Feb. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. § 4. Flowers monoecious. (Perhaps a genus.) 58 C. EPIBATE'RIUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 530.) flowers monoe- cious; drupes 1-3; leaves oblong, quite entire, smooth. Tj.w. S. Native of the island of St. James in the South Sea. Epibaterium MENISPERMACE^E. VIII. COSCINIUM. IX. TILIACORA. X. ANAMIRTA. XI. PSELIUM. XII. CISSAMPELOS. 109 pendulum, Forst. gen. t. 54. The name is derived from ETTI, epi, upon, and ftaivia, baino, to walk, in allusion to the plant climb- ing upon others. Epibaterium Cocculus. Shrub cl. 59 C. NEPHRO'IA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 531.) flowers monoecious ; drupes 6 ; leaves ovate, emarginate, smooth. Jj . w. G. Native of Cochin-china in woods. Nephr6ia sarmentosa, Lour. coch. ed Willd. 2. p. 692. Drupe small, fleshy, somewhat kidney- shaped, 1 -seeded. The name is derived from ve^poe, nephros, a kidney ; because of the form of the fruit. Kidney-fruited Cocculus. Shrub cl. Cult. The stove and greenhouse species of this genus will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and cuttings root easily if planted in a pot of light earth, with a hand-glass placed over them, in a moderate heat. The only hardy species, Cocculus Carollnus, may be propagated by parting the roots, which spread out on the side, so that part of them may be cut off every other year ; this should be done in the spring, and these should be planted in a light soil in a sheltered situation against a wall, which the branches can be trained to. All the species are climbers or twiners. VIII. COSCrNIUM (from KOOKLVOV, Jcoslcinon, a little sieve ; in allusion to the seeds being pierced). Coleb. in Lin. soc. trans. 13. p. 65. LIN. SYST. Dicecia, Hexandria. Sepals and petals in threes ; male flowers with 6 stamens embracing the base, of the pistil, female ones with 3 ovaries. Styles slender. Berries 1-3. Seeds pierced by a large hole. A climbing shrub. 1 C. FENESTRA'TUM (Coleb. Lin. soc. trans. 13. p. 66.) fy . ^,. S. Native of Ceylon. Menispermum fenestratum, Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 219. t. 46. f. 5. Wood yellow, bitter. Leaves alter- nate, cordate, entire, 5-7-nerved, smooth and shining above, very hoary underneath. In the young plants they are frequently peltate ; peduncles umbellulate, several from the same bud. Flowers greenish. Berries villous. This plant is in repute among the inhabitants of Colomba, who slice it in thin pieces and swallow it, with the liquid, after steeping it in water several hours. They commend it as an excellent stomachic. It is called in Singalese Veni-vell-gettah or Bang-rvell-gettah, in English the Knotted plant. Windowed Coscinium. Fl. Nov. Dec. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. Cult. This plant will require plenty of room in the stove where grown, or it will not flower as well as all the stove plants belonging to this natural order. A mixture of peat and loam suits it well, and cuttings will root freely under a hand-glass, in heat. IX. TILIACO'RA (Tilia-kora, the Bengalese name of the plant). Coleb. in Lin. soc. trans. 13. p. 67. LIN. SYST. Dice^cia, Hexandria. Sepals 6. Petals 3. Nectary 6-leaved; male flowers with 6 stamens, alternately shorter, length of corol. Anthers ovate. Female flowers with about 12 ovaries in a circle, each ending in a short subulate style. Berries many, short-pedicelled, clubbed, smooth. Nut 1 or 2- celled. A climbing shrub with ash-coloured bark and alternate, cordate, smooth, shining, pointed, and frequently scolloped leaves. Male racemes frequently compound, female ones simple, few- flowered. 1 T. R AC EMO'SA (Coleb. in Lin. soc. trans. 13. p. 67.) ^.w. S. Native of the coast of Coromandel in hedges and places overrun with bushes. Menispermum polycarpon, Roxb. mss. Called Bagha Hind. Tilia-kora Beng. Tiga-mashadi Teling. Flowers small, yellow. Berries about the size of a French bean. Racemose Tilia-kora. Fl. all the year. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. Cult. This plant should be propagated and cultivated in the same manner as Coscinium, or the stove species of C6cculus, which see. X. ANAMI'RTA (meaning unknown.) Coleb. in Lin. trans. 13. p. 66. LIN. SYST. Dicecia, Monodelphia. Calyx 2-sepalled. Petals 6, in 2 series, equal. Nectary none. Stamens collected into a column or monodelphous. Anthers numerous, crowded in the form of a globe ; female flowers have not been seen, but the berries are as in Menispermum ; about the size of a ripe black- heart cherry, and as they are collected in very large pendulous bunches, their appearance is most inviting, but their taste is most abominable. 1 A. PANICULA'TA (Coleb. in Lin. soc. trans. 13. p. 66.) 17 . w. S. Native of the East Indies. Menispermum hetero- clitum, Roxb. MSS. Bark cracked, ash-coloured. Leaves alternate, cordate, stalked, entire, smooth, upper surface deep, shining, green, under surface whitish, 3-5-nerved. Panicles rising from the naked woody parts of the stem, drooping. Brae- teas 3-fold, 1 -flowered, small, caducous. Pam'c/ed-flowered Anamirta. Shrub cl. Cult. This genus should also be propagated and treated in the same manner as Coscinium, which see. XI. PSE'LIUM (from ij/eXiov, pselion, a bracelet ; form of nuts). Lour. fl. cochin, ed Willd. 2. p. 762. D. C. syst. 1. p. 531. prod. l.p. 100. LIN. SYST. Difecia, Hexandria. Sepals and petals disposed in a ternary order in two series. Stamens 6, free. Female flowers with 4 sepals, without petals ; ovary 1 ; stigma 4-cleft. A climbing shrub with axillary flowers. 1 P. HETEROPHY'LLUM (Lour. fl. coch. ed Willd. 2. p. 762.) Tj t w. G. Native of Cochin-china in woods. Leaves alternate, quite entire, smooth, stalked ; in the male plant they are somewhat cordate, roundish, with short somewhat divided racemes ; in the female plants the leaves are ovate, peltate, acuminated, with racemes somewhat umbellate ; pedicels very short. Various-leaved Pselium. Shrub cl. Cult. This plant will grow freely in a mixture of loam and peat; and cuttings will root freely in the same kind of soil, under a hand-glass. XII. CISSA'MPELOS (KIOOOQ, kissos, the Greek name of ivy, a/uTTfXoc, ampelos, a vine ; plants like the ivy in the rambling branches, and like the vine in having the fruit in racemes). Lin. gen. no. 1138. Lam. ill. t. 830. Juss. gen. 285. D. C. syst. 1. p. 532. prod. 1. p. 100. LIN. SYST. Dicecia, Monodelphia. Male flowers with 4 sepals and 4-2, monodelphous stamens, without petals. Female flowers with 1 sepal, and 1 petal in front of the sepal. Ovary 1. Stigmas 3. Drupe oblique, reniform. Abumen none. Embryo long, terete, perapheric. Radicle superior, rising from the base of the stigma. Climbing shrubs with simple, stalked, orbicular, ovate, heart-shaped or peltate leaves, which are mucronulate at the apex. Racemes axillary ; male ones often trichotomously- branched, somewhat corymbose, solitary, twin, or tern ; bearing many flowers at the top of the pedicels, which are destitute of bracteas, or furnished with very small ones ; female racemes sim- ple, elongated, bearing broad alternate bracteas, with the pedi- cels rising in fascicles from the axillae of these bracteas. § 1. Female flowers furnished with bracteas. Leaves in both sexes peltate. 1 C. TROP.EOI.IFO' LI A (D. C. syst. 1. p. 532.) leaves peltate, ovate-orbicular, acutish, pubescent with scattered hairs ; ra- cemes axillary, in pairs. fj . r\ S. Native of South America, near Cuchero. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 98. Flowers dark-purple. 110 MENISPERMACEJE. XII. CISSAMPELOS. Fruit compressed, orbicular, with their margins marked with rayed stripes. Tropeeolum-leaved Cissampelos. Shrub tw. 2 C. HERNANDIFO'LIA (Willd. spec. 4. p. 861.) leaves peltate, ovate, acuminated, obtuse, mucronate, smooth, with the veins on the under surface pilose. Tj . ^. S. Native of the East Indies. Leaves like those of Hernandia sonbra. Flowers unknown. Berries 1 -seeded, in corymbs. Hernandia-leaved Cissampelos. Shrub tw. 3 C. OWAKIE'NSIS (Beauv. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 100.) leaves peltate, ovate, roundish, awned, somewhat lobed, upper surface smooth, veins on the under surface finely-pubescent ; floral leaves kidney-shaped, ciliated. Tj . w. S. Native of the western coast of Africa in the kingdom of Waree. Waree Cissampelos. Shrub tw. 4 C. PAREIVRA (Lam. ill. t. 830.) leaves peltate, somewhat cordate, ovate-orbicular, under surface silky-pubescent ; female racemes longer than the leaves ; berries hispid. Tj . w. S. Na- tive of Martinico, Jamaica, St. Domingo, St. Thomas, New Spain, and Brazil in mountain coppices. Ciss. Pareira, var. a, Lin. spec. 1473. Swz. obs. 380. t. 10. f. 5. Caapeba Marcgr. bras. 24. icon. Piso bras. 94. icon. The juice of this tree, according to Piso, is a famous remedy against the bite of ser- pents. The leaves applied whole or bruised to a wound cures it very effectually. The root is the true Pareira brava of the shops, it is a bitter-sweet diuretic, and is much used in infusion or pow- der, especially in ischuria, urinary calculi, jaundice, gout, and phlegmatic diseases. See Geoffroy, act. ac. par. 1710. p. 57. Lochner, diss. par. br. norimb. 1719. Murray, app. med. 1. p. 498. Woodv. med. bot. 2. p. 227. t. 82. It is to be suspected that the roots of many plants belonging to this natural order are used in the same manner as this plant in various regions, and have the same qualities, and are confused under the same name in commerce. The name Pareira-brava signifies a wild vine in Portuguese. Pareira-brava Cissampelos. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1733. Shrub cl. 5 C. GUAYAQUILE'NSIS (H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 67.) leaves peltate, somewhat kidney-shaped, hairy-pubescent, hoary on the under surface ; male cymes axillary, in pairs, shorter than the petioles. Jj . ,_,. S. Native of Guayaquil. Female plant unknown. Perhaps it is only a variety of Ciss. Pareira. Guayaquil Cissampelos. Shrub cl. 6 C. ARGE'NTEA (H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 67.) leaves peltate, roundish, kidney-shaped, emarginate at the apex, upper surface pubescent, under surface silky-tomentose, and silvery ; male cymes axillary, in pairs, shorter than the petioles. T? . w. S. Native of South America on the banks of the river Magdelena near Mompox. Female plant unknown. Perhaps also a variety of Ciss. Pareira. Silvery-leaded. Cissampelos. Shrub cl. 7 C. MICROCA'RPA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 534.) leaves somewhat peltate and kidney-shaped, orbicular, under surface tomentose ; berries at first pubescent, afterwards smooth. Tj . w. S. Native of the West Indies in Jamaica, Martinico, St. Domingo. Ciss. Pareira, var. /3, Lin. spec. 1473. Very like Ciss. Pareira, but differing as above. Small-fruited Cissampelos. Clt. 1823. Shrub cl. 8 C. HETEROPHY'LLA (D. C. syst. l.p. 534.) stem leaves pel- tate, orbicular, cordate at the base, under surface pubescent ; floral leaves cordate-reniform, velvety on both surfaces. Tj . w. S. Native of New Spain about San Bias. Male flowers small, his- pid, 4-sepalled, female ones unknown. Variable-leaved Cissampelos. Shrub cl. 9 C. DI'SCOLOR (D. C. syst. 1. p. 534.) leaves peltate, broad- ovate, truncate at the base, acuminated at the apex, 7-9-nerved, under surface pubescent, whitish, upper surface smooth ; male peduncles 2-3 together, 3-times shorter than the petioles. Jj . ? w. S. Native of the Molucca islands. Male flowers small, on corymbose branched peduncles ; female ones unknown. Two-coloured-\ea.\et\ Cissampelos. Shrub cl. 10 C. HIRSU'TA (Buch. D. C. syst. 1. p. 535.) leaves peltate, ovate-orbicular, almost veinless. Tj . w. G. Native of Nipaul. Male flowers very minute, villous ; female ones unknown. Hairy Cissampelos. Fl. ? Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 11 C. MAURITIA'NA (Petit-Th. in journ. bot. 1809. 2. p. 65. t. 3 and 4.) leaves cordate-orbicular, pubescent-villous ; those of the male plants peltate ; male racemes axillary, in pairs or nu- merous. Tj • w S. Native of the Mauritius, frequent in woods. Ciss. Pareira var. y, Willd. spec. 4. p. 861. Ciss. pareiroides, D. C. ess. prop. pi. ed. 2. p. 78. This plant is called Pareira- brava in the Mauritius ; it possesses the same 'medical qualities as the true Pareira-brava of Brasil, although in a lesser degree. See Ciss. Pareira. This plant differs from Ciss. Pareira in the branches being hispid, not smooth. Mauritian Cissampelos. Fl. 1 Clt. 1 820. Shrub cl. 12 C. GLABE'RRIMA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 57.) stem herba- ceous, twining ; leaves peltate, ovate, acute, rounded at the base ; male flowers* corymbose and racemose ; divisions of the calyx oblong-linear ; corolla campanulate, 4-lobed. Tj . r*. S. Native of Brasil in the provinces of Rio Janeiro and Minas Geraes, Cipo de Cobras Marcgr. bras. 25-26, with a figure. Piso, bras. 94, with a figure. The stems and the leaves of this plant have a bitter taste and stimulating odour, like that of Tropeeolum. The whole plant is employed to cure the bite of snakes. Very-smooth Cissampelos. PL tw. 13 C. ORIKOCE'NSIS (H. B. et Kth. spe. amer. 5. p. 68.) leaves scarcely peltate, deltoid, cordate, obtuse, upper surface puberulous, under surface silky-pubescent ; fructiferous racemes hardly exceeding the petioles in length ; fruit tubercled, pilose. Jj . ^. S. Native in shady woods near the river Orinoco. Very like Ciss. tamoldes. Orinoco Cissampelos. Shrub cl. § 2. Female flowers furnished with bracteas. Leaves not peltate. 14 C. TOMENTOSA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 535.) leaves orbicular, cordate, tomentose on both surfaces, as well as petioles and calyx ; male peduncles axillary, many together, shorter than the leaves. I? . ^\ S. Native near Campechy, in fields. Male flowers vil- lous, small ; female ones unknown. Tomentose Cissampelos. Shrub cl. 15 C. TAMOIDES (Willd ined. D. C. sept. 1. p. 536. St. Hil. fl. bras. 1 . p. 55.) leaves heart-shaped, pubescent ; obtuse, but acute in the recesses; 5 -nerved at the base; male racemes longer than the leaves. Jj . ^. S. Native of Brasil, in the province of Minas Geraes. Very like Ciss. Pareira. Male flowers small ; petal of the female flower rather orbicular, villous beneath. Tamus-like Cissampelos. Shrub tw. 16 C. COXVOLVULA'CEA (Willd. spec. 4. p. 863.) leaves heart- shaped, acuminated, under surface pubescent, upper surface smooth ; female racemes a little longer than the petioles. Tj . ^. S. Native of the East Indies. Female flowers small, male ones and fruit unknown. Convolvulus-like C'ssampelos. Shrub tw. 17 C. TRI'LOBA (Spreng. neue. entd. 2. p. 152.) leaves cor- date, somewhat 3-lobed, pubescent, denticulately-ciliated, 5-nerv- ed ; female peduncles axillary, aggregate. ^ • w S. Native of Brasil. Bracteas ovate, very villous on the outside, 1 0-nerved, denticulately-bearded. Perhaps this plant is the female of Ciss. tamoldes. MENISPERMACEJ2. XII. CISSAMPELOS. Ill Three-lobed-\ea\e&. Cissampelos. Shrub cl. 18 C. LiTTORA1 LIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 54.) Stem pubes- cent ; leaves cordate, retuse at the apex, quite entire, tomentose beneath ; male racemes solitary or twin, hairy-tomentose, lower ones much longer than the leaves ; corolla cup-shaped, divisions lanceolate acute. Tj . S. Native of Brasil, in the province of Minas Geraes, on the banks of rivers. The taste of the root of this plant is very stimulant. Sea-shore Cissampelos. Shrub cl. 19 C. CAAPE'BA (Lin. spe. 1473.) leaves somewhat orbicular, cordate at the base, 7-nerved, rather pubescent ; female racemes length of the petioles. !(. . w. S. Native of St. Domingo. — Plum, ed. Burm. t. 67. f. 2. Berries small, kidney-shaped, hardly compressed, rather hispid. Male flowers unknown. Caapeba is the name of the plant in Brasil. Caapeba Cissampelos. Fl. Jun. Jul. Clt. 1773. PI. cl. 20 C. OHBICULA'TA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 537.) leaves orbicular, cordate at the base, under surface villous, upper surface pubes- cent ; male peduncles generally in threes, shorter than the pe- tioles. Ij . ^j. S. Native of the East Indies. Ciss. tetrandra, Roxb. ined. in herb. Lamb. Leaves similar to those of Menis- permum orbiculatum. Berries small, somewhat compressed, hairy. Flowers in crowded corymbs, small, villous. Orbicular-leaved Cissampelos. Shrub cl. 21 C. CRENA'TA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 537.) leaves ovate-orbicular, nearly sessile, 7-nerved, obtuse, mucronulate, crenately-sinu- ated, rather tomentose ; female racemes in pairs, longer than the leaves. Tj . w? S. Native of Brasil. Fruit ovate-orbicular, pubescent, reticulately-nerved, somewhat compressed. CVenate-leaved Cissampelos. Shrub cl. 22 C. AUSTRA'LIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 54.) leaves cordate, emarginate, mucronate, pubescent ; racemes of the female flowers solitary or twin; stem suffruticose, twining. Tj . r^. S. Native of Brasil. Stem smoothish; peduncles and axis pubescent. Drupe ovate-orbicular, compressed. Southern Cissampelos. PI. tw. 23 C. MONOID CA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 55.) leaves cordate, ob- tuse, rather pilose, puberulous beneath ; flowers racemose, monoe- cious. I? . w. S. Native of Brasil, in the province of St. Paul. Stem rather pubescent. Drupes globose, scarlet, rather compressed. Monoecious Cissampelos. Fl. Feb. Shrub cl. 24 C. GRA'CILIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 55.) leaves cordate, acutish, pubescent ; flowers small, corymbose, and racemose ; pe- duncles pubescent, fj .^ . S. Native of Brasil, on the banks of e Uruquay. Stem slender, twining. Corolla cup-shaped. Slender Cissampelos. Shrub tw. 25 C. OVALIFOLIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 537.) leaves oval, acutish, coriaceous, under surface hoary, upper surface smooth ; male ra- cemes usually twin, hispid, 3-times longer than the petioles. I? . w ? S. Native of Brasil. Flowers small, dark purple ; vil- lous on the outside ; female flowers unknown. Probably the same as No. 34. Oval-leaved Cissampelos. Shrub cl. 26 C. OVA'TA (Poir. diet. 5. p. 11.) leaves ovate, obtuse, mu- cronate, upper surface smooth, under surface pubescent on the nerves ; female racemes longer than the petioles ; bracteas subu- late. Tj . w. S. Native of the East Indies. Berries kidney- shaped, orbicular, somewhat compressed, smooth, about the size of a pea. ' 0«ate-leaved Cissampelos. Shrub cl. 27 C ? ACUMINA'TA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 538.) leaves oval-oblong, acuminated, smooth, 3-nerved at the base ; male peduncles axil- lary, racemosely panicled, one half shorter than the leaves. fy.^j.S. Native of the East Indies. Female flowers unknown, male ones very small. Acuminated-leaved Cissampelos. Shrub cl. 28 C ? CAPE'NSIS (Thumb, prod. 110.) leaves ovate, bluntish, smooth, on very short petioles ; racemes much branched, hardly longer than the petioles. ^ . <"\ G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stems frutescent, twining, branched, somewhat velvety. Petioles short, pubescent. Flowers small, tomentose. Cape Cissampelos. Fl. ? Clt. 1775. Shrub tw. 29 C. ? HU' MILIS (Poir. diet. 5. p. 11 .) leaves ovate, obtuse, truncate at the base, smooth, stalked with the axillae woolly. Tj . 7. Native of Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small, tomentose. M. Decandolle has two specimens, the one a garden, and the other a native specimen ; the first is nearly erect, the second is twining ; and he thinks they may be different species, and that Ciss. C'a- pensls humilis and Calcanfera may form another genus. Dmarf-Cape Cissampelos. Fl. ? Clt. 1817. Shrub tw. 30 C. ? CALCARI'FERA (Burch. cat. no. 1795.) leaves elliptical- oblong, blunt at both ends, on very short petioles, cinereously- pubescent, and furnished with a spur at the external base of petiole ; male flowers glomerate, and nearly sessile in the axillae of the leaves. Tj . G. Native of Cape of Good Hope. Ciss. fru- ticosa Thunb. prod. 110? Lin. fil. suppl. 432? Stem erect, branched, never twining nor climbing. Spur-bearing Cissampelos. Shrub 2 feet. 31 C. ? LAURIFO'LIA (Poir. diet. 5. p. 11.) leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, quite smooth ; petioles short, thick ; female racemes short ; fruit large. Tj . ,_,. S. Native of the Island of St. Tho- mas, in the West Indies. Fruit ovate, narrowed at the base, pulpy, wrinkled, about the size of a nut, when dry of a blackish brown colour. Laurel-leaved Cissampelos. Shrub tw. 32 C. ANGBSTIFO'UA (Burch. cat. no. 1717. extrav. 1. p. 389.) leaves broad-linear, roundish at the apex, often emarginate ; stem twining \ G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Narrow-leaved Cissampelos. Shrub tw. § 3. Stems simple, twiggy, erect, suffruticose. 33 C. SUBTRIANGULA'RIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 51.) stems suffruticose, erect, simple, downy ; leaves orbiculately-triangular, somewhat truncate at the base, sides rounded, obtuse at the apex, .pubescent above, and downy beneath ; petal of the female flower rather orbicular. Tj . S. Native of Brasil. Stems solitary or numerous. Racemes shorter than the leaves, bracteate, many- flowered. Style trifid. Drupe elliptically globose. Subtriangular-\ea.ved Cissampelos. PL 1^ to 2 feet. 34 C. OVALIFO'LIA (St. Hil. pi. usu. bras. t. 34. fl. bras. 1. t. 51.) stems suffruticose, erect, simple, downy; leaves on short stalks, ovate, bluntish at the apex, somewhat repand, tomentose on both surfaces, or only beneath, as well as the petioles and female racemes ; petals of female flower rather villous beneath ; male corymbs usually tern. ^ . S. Native of Brasil, where it is called Orelha de Onca. The root of this plant is acrid, bitter, and is a powerful febrifuge, and the inhabitants of Brasil make a decoction of it, which they drink with success in inter- mittent fevers. Var. a, cinereo-viridis (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves cordate at the base, tomentose on both surfaces, greenish grey, paler beneath. Na- tive in the province of Minas Geraes. Var. fl, rufescens (St. Hil. 1. c. 52.) Stems rufescent, and are as well as the leaves much less tomentose above than var. a, less orbicular, and scarcely cordate at the base. Native in the pro- vince of Minas Geraes. Var. y, cinerdscens (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 52.) leaves a little larger, scarcely cordate at the base. Native of Para. Oval-leaved Cissampelos. Shrub 2 feet. 35 C. COMMD'NIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 52. 1. 11.) stem suffru- ticose, erect, simple, tomentose ; leaves cordate, acute, quite entire, 112 MENISPERMACE^E. XIII. MENISPERMUM. XIV. ABUTA. pubescent above and tomentose beneath, of a hoary-grey colour, on short stalks ; male flowers racemose, male corolla cup-shaped, fj . S. Native of Brasil, in the province of St. Paul. Racemes solitary in the axillae of the leaves, rarely twin or tern. Petal about one half shorter than the calyx. Common Cissampelos. Fl. Oct. Shrub 1^ foot. 36 C. VELUTI'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 52.) stem suffruticose, erect, simple, woolly ; leaves ovate, obtuse, velvety ; male co- rymbs axillary, hairy, in fours ; male corolla cup-shaped, obso- letely 4-lobed, pilose on the outside. ^ • S. Native of Brasil, in the province of St. Paul. Stem solitary or numerous. Flow- ers greenish. Velvety Cissampelos. Fl. Oct. Shrub 2 feet. 37 C. SUBORBICULA'RIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 53.) stem suffru- ticose, erect, simple, tomentose ; leaves somewhat orbicular, hardly repand, pubescent above and tomentose beneath on long- ish petioles ; male corymbs in twos or fours, without bracteas ; corolla cup-shaped, 4-lobed, rather pilose. Tj . S. Native of Brasil, in the province of Minas Geraes. far. ft, sublanata (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 53.) stems rather woolly ; leaves somewhat cuspidate. Suborbicular-\eaved Cissampelos. Shrub 2 feet. § 4. Female racemes bractless. 38 C. ANDROMO'RPHA (D. C. syst. 1 . p. 539.) leaves somewhat heart-shaped, quite smooth, membranous, entire, mucronate ; fe- male peduncles aggregate, branched, bractless. Tj . w. S. Native of Cayenne. Deless. icon. sel. 1. 1. 99. A very distinct species, which should perhaps be made a distinct genus. Andromorphous Cissampelos. Fl. ? Shrub cl. 39 C. EBRACTEA'TA (St. Hil. pi. usu. bras. t. 35. fl. bras. 1. p. 53.) stem suffruticose, erect, simple, downy ; leaves orbicularly- rhomboid, scarcely repaud, pubescent above, downy beneath ; female flowers axillary in fascicles, bractless. Tj . S. Native of Brasil, in the province of Minas Geraes, where it is called by the inhabitants Orelha de Onca. The roots of this plant are consi- dered a specific against the bite of serpents. Bractless Cissampelos. Shrub 2-3 feet. Cult. All the species of this genus will grow freely in a mix- ture of loam and peat ; and cuttings root freely, if planted in a pot of the same kind of earth, with a hand-glass placed over them, in heat. The species are either stove or green-house, and the greater part of them require a great deal of room to spread, before they can be got to flower. XIII. MENISPE'RMUM (from /JJJVT), mene, the moon, and v\- \ov,phyllon, a leaf; because the plants contained in this section bear only one leaf on each stem, directly under the racemes of flowers, and appears to terminate the stem, as if it were only a petiole.) Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 204. t. 21. D. C. syst. 2. p. 26. prod. 1. p. 109. Capsules hardly inflated, sometimes bac- cate, ruptured when mature ; the seeds are therefore exserted. Bearing only one leaf on each stem, which is situated under the raceme ; petiole 3-parted from the base, bearing 3 or 5 leaflets on each part. 4 L. ALTA'ICA (Pall. act. petrop. 1779. p. 257. t. 8. f. 1, 2, and 3.) stem leaf solitary ; petioles 3-parted, divided to the base, each part bearing 5-oblong, entire leaflets, which are palmately disposed. l/.H. Native on the Altaian mountains, in sunny places, and about Zmeof. Lam. ill. 254. f. 2. Root the size of a nut. Flowers yellow. Stamens equal in length with the petals. Altaian Lion's Leaf. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1822. PI. 1 foot. 5 L. ODESSA' NA (Fisch. in litt.) stem leaf solitary, petioles divided into 3 parts to the base, each part bearing 5 oblong, en- tire, stalked leaflets, which are palmately disposed ; stamens dou- ble the length of the petals. I/ . H. Native on chalky hills about Odessa. L. Altaica /3, Odessana, D. C. syst. 2. p. 26. prod. 1. p. 110. This plant differs from L. Altaica in the pedi- cels being a little longer, and the stamens being double the height of the petals, and with the segments of the leaves on rather longer stalks. Flowers yellow. Odessa Lion's Leaf. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1828. PI. 1 foot. 6 L. THALICTROI'DES (Lin. spec. 448.) stem leaf solitary ; petiole FIG. 32. divided to the base into 3 parts, each part bearing 3 ovate or obo- vate deeply-cut acuminated leaf- lets. 1£ . H. Native of North Ame- rica, in shady woods on mountains, from Virginia to New England; also near Philadelphia ; but rare. Brown in Lin. trans. 12. p. 145. t. 7. Caulophyllum thalictroides, Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 205. t. 21. Pursh, fl. bor. amer. sept. 1. p. 218. Stems a foot high. Flowers yel- low-green. Berries deep blue, glo- bose, contracted below into a long stipitate base ; these are called Co- hosh by the Indians, and the plant is esteemed medicinal, (f. 32.) Thalictrum-like Lion's Leaf. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1784. PI. 1 foot. Cult. A genus of pretty little plants, usually with beautiful yellow flowers. The species require to be kept in pots, in order that they may be sheltered by a frame during winter ; they will thrive well in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat, and may be in- creased by separating the tubers of the root. Leontice Vesicaria will require to be watered now and then with salted water, or it will not live. V. EPIME'DIUM (from em, epi, upon, and Media; said to grow in Media, a name from Dioscorides, retained by Linnaeus.) Lin. Gen. no. 148. Juss. gen. 287. D. C. syst. 2. p. 28. prod. 1. p. 110. LIN. SYST. Tetra-Hexandria Monogynia. Sepals 4-8, fur- nished with 2 bracteas on the outside, at the base. Petals 4-6, each furnished on the inside with a 2-coloured appendage. Cap- sules siliculaeform, 2-valved, many-seeded. Stamens 4-6. Style 1. Seeds obliquely and transversely situated, unilateral. Herbs with creeping perennial trunks, and annual stems. Leaves stalked, compound ; leaflets awnedly-serrated. Racemes ter- minal, simple, or compound. 1 E. ALPINUM (Lin. spec. 171.) radical leaves none; stem one biternate ; leaflets cordate-lanceolate, acuminated, ser- rated, with the serratures awned ; sepals 4-6 ; petals 4 ; sta- mens 4. •!£. H. Native of England in Cumberland and York- shire, in coppices and woods ; France and other parts of the South of Europe, in the same kind of situation. Lam. ill. t. 83. Schkuhr handb. 1. p. 81. t. 24. Smith fl. graec. 2. t. 150. erfg. bot. 438. Stem about 4 inches high. Flowers purplish. 120 BERBERIDE^. VI. ACHLYS. VII. DIPHYLLEIA. PODOPHYLLACE/E. I. PODOPHYHUM. Var. ft, puUgenm (D. C. syst. 2. p. 28. prod. 1. p. 110.) petioles pilose ; nodes very hairy. 1/t . H. Native about Con- stantinople. Perhaps a proper species. A Ipine Barren- wort. Fl. March, May. England. PL ^ foot. 2 E. PINNA TUM (Fisch. in litt. D. C. syst. 2. p. 29.) radical leaves pinnate ; scape leafless. If. . H. Native of Persia, in the province of Gilan. Flowers erect. Fruit pendulous at top of pedicels. Pinnate-leaved Barren-wort. PI. \ foot. 3 E. HEXA'NDRUM (Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 30. t. 13.) radical leaves twice or thrice ternate ; leaflets cordate, bluntly 5-lobed, somewhat pilose ; flowers hexandrous ; sepals 8 ; scape leafless. If. . H. Native of North-west America ; common in shady pine forests at Fort Vancouver on the Columbia, Puget Sound, and North California. Caulophyllum gracile, Dougl. mss. Petals G, oblong-obovate, cucullate at the apex, each furnished at the base on the inside with a spatulate concave yellow appendage. Hexandrous Barren-wort. PI. -j to 1 foot. Cult. The E. alpinum succeeds well in any common garden soil, and is readily increased by dividing at the root. The E. pinndtum and E. hexdndrum have not yet been introduced ; but if they should, it would be advisable to keep them in pots, in a mixture of peat, sand, and loam, until their hardiness is ascer- tained. VI. A'CHLYS. (achlys, dimness ; obscure plant.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 35. prod. 1. p. 112. Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 30. t. 12. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Polygynia. Calyx wanting. Corolla wanting. Flowers naked, disposed in a dense spike. Stamens numerous. Anthers didymous, globose, almost unilocular, bila- biate. Stigma dilated, hence concave. Ovary ovate, smooth, 1 -celled ; containing only 1 erect ovula, fixed to the bottom of the cell. Herb with a creeping perennial woody trunk, with 2 or 3 leaves rising from the same root, which are ternate. Leaf- lets large, fan-shaped, sessile. Flowers in spikes ; those at the base of the spikes are rather remote. 1 A TRIPHY'LLA (D. C. 1. c. Hook. 1. c.) •%. H. Native of the North-west coast of America, in shady pine woods among moss ; common near the shores of the Pacific, about the mouth of the Columbia river and at Fort Vancouver, Leontice triphylla, Smith, in Rees' Cycl. Leaflets with very unequal sides ; upper side, or front, coarsely sinuate-toothed or lobed ; lobes blunt, finely rayed with nerves. Scapes longer than the leaves, erect, slerider. Three-leaved Achlys. PI. 1 to 2 feet. Cult. This plant will succeed well in any common garden soil ; and it may be increased by dividing at the root. VII. DIPHYLLE'IA (from &c, dis, double; and v\\or, phyllon, a leaf; in allusion to each stem of the plant only bearing two alternate leaves.) Mich, fl.bor. amer. 1. p. 203. t. 19. and 20. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 218. Nutt. gen. amer. p. 304. D. C. syst. 2. p. 29. prod. 1. p. 110. LIN. SYST. Hexdndria, Monogynia. Sepals 6, naked on the outside. Petals 6, naked on the inside. Stamens 6. Style scarcely any. Stigma capitate. Berries nearly globose, sessile, 1 -celled, 2 -3-seeded. Seeds ovate-oblong. A smooth perennial herb, with the habit of Leontice or Podophyllum, with 2 large alternate lobed leaves on each stem. 1 D. CYMOSA (Mich. 1. c.) I/ . H. Native of North Carolina, Virginia, Georgia, on the borders of rivulets, on the tops of the highest mountains, and on the banks of Columbia river. Leaves 2, alternate, large, kidney-shaped, usually profoundly 2-lobed at the apex. Flowers white, cymose. Berries roundish, of a bluish- black colour. Cywose-flowered Diphylleia. PI. 1 foot. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. Cult. This plant will grow freely in any light rich soil, in a shady, moist situation, and is easily increased by dividing at the root, in the spring. ORDER VIII. PODOPHYLLA^CE^E. (plant agreeing with Pcdophyllum in many important points.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 31. prod. 1. p. 111. Calyx of 3 (f. 33. a.) or 4 sepals. Petals 6-9. (f. 33. b. c.) disposed in 2 or 3 series, each series containing the same number as there are sepals, the outer series alternating with them. Stamens equal in number with the petals, or double that number ; filaments filiform ; anthers terminal, opening lengthwise on the inside by a double chink. Ovary solitary, crowned by a thick peltate stigma, which is nearly sessile, (f. 33. e.) Carpels 1- celled baccate (f. 33. e.) indehiscent, or capsular opening round the circumference at the apex. Seeds numerous, ovate-glo- bose, inverted, fixed to the lateral placenta. Albumen fleshy. Embryo straight, basilar. Herbs with rhyzomatose roots, stalked, peltate-nerved lobed leaves, and 1 -flowered bractless peduncles. Flowers white. This order is closely allied, on the one hand, to the herbaceous species of Berberidece, but differs from them in the anthers not opening by an elastic valve, and they are terminal, not adnate. It differs from Nymphiacece in the parts of .the flower being ternary, or quaternary, as well as in the torus being narrow, and in the albumen being fleshy, not mealy, and from Papaveracece, in the plants yielding a watery juice, not milky, and in the unilateral disposition of the seeds, as well as in the albumen being fleshy, not oily. It differs from Ranunculacete Verae in the anthers bursting inwardly ; but per- haps the Ranunculacece Spurite ought to be associated with this order on account of the dehiscence of its anthers. — Plants inhabit- ing humid and shady places of North America, from whence the roots are easily imported in a living state, as well as the seeds. The roots are purgative. The herb is narcotic and poisonous. The berries are eatable, but sour. Synopsis of the Genera. I. PODOPHY'LLUM. Calyx 3-sepalled. Petals 6-9. Stamens 12-18. Berry rather fleshy, 1-celled, indehiscent. II. JEFFERSONIA. Calyx 4-sepalled. Petals 8. Stamens 8. Capsules opening round the circumference at the apex. I. PODOPHY'LLUM. (This name is abridged from Anapo- dophyllum, the name originally given to it by Catesby, derived from anas, a duck ; trove irodoe, pous podos, a foot ; and $v\Xov, phyllon, a leaf; in allusion to the leaves bearing some resem- blance to the form of a duck's foot.) Lin. gen. 646. Lam. ill. t. 449. Juss. gen. 235. Nutt. gen. 2. p. 365. D. C. syst. 2. p.'33. prod. 1. p. 111. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 3 sepals, (f. 33. a.). Petals 6-9, (f. 33. b. c.). Stamens 12-18. Berries somewhat fleshy, (f. 33. e.) 1-celled, indehiscent. Perennial herbs, with 2 opposite peltate deeply bipartite lobed leaves, bear- ing one white drooping flower on the top of each stem, between the two leaves. PODOPHYLLACEvE. II. JEFFERSONIA. HYDROPELTIDEJE. I. CABOMBA. 121 1 P. PELTA'TUM (Lin. spec. 722.) FIG. 33. stem erect, 2-leaved, 1 -flowered; fruit ovate. 1). . H. Native of North America, in shady, humid woods, from New England to Ca- rolina, near Boston, and along the Delaware, near Philadelphia ; near Montreal ; Lake Huron, &c. Sims, hot. mag. 1819. Bigel. mat. med. 2. p. 34. t. 23 — Mentz. pug. t. 11. — Catesb. carol, p. 24. t. 24. Root horizontal, creeping. Leaves irre- gularly lobed. Flowers white, so- litary, situated between the 2 leaves. Pedicel, after flowering, inflexed. Berry ovate, about the size of a sloe, yellowish, at first nauseous, but when ripe rather acid, but eatable : hence its vernacular name, Wild Lemon. — The root is a safe and active cathartic, com- bined with calomel : it contains a resinous matter, a bitter extract, and a little gummy substance. The whole herb is narcotic and poisonous, particularly the leaves. The fruit ripens in May, whence its name May-Apple, given to it by the settlers in North America, (f. 33.) The dried root of the May-Apple is brittle, and easily reduced to powder. It has a peculiar and rather unpleasant taste, but without much acrimony. When chewed for some time it mani- fests a strong bitter taste. Both the tincture and decoction are intensely bitter. When water is added to the alcoholic solution, the mixture becomes very gradually turbid, and at length opaque. The powdered root answers all the purposes of jalap, rhubarb, and aloes, and is more safe and mild in its operation. In irritable stomachs it sometimes occasions nausea and vomiting, but this effect is often occasioned by other cathartic medicines. A dose of about 20 grains operates with efficacy. The root is said by some physicians to be a medicine particularly suited for dropsy. It has also had the character, in the southern states of North America, of curing intermittent fevers. It is said that the Shakers at Lebanon, New York, prepare an extract of the Podo- phyllum, which is much esteemed by medical practitioners as a mild cathartic. Peltate-leaved Duck's-foot, or May-Apple. Fl. May. Clt. 1664. PI. | foot. 2 P. CALLICA'RPUM (Harm. fl. lud. p. 14. no. 20.) stem forked ; fruit oblong. I/. . H. Native of Louisiana. Stem 2-leaved, 1 -flowered, about 5 inches high. Leaves 6-lobed. Flowers nodding, sweet-scented ; petals 6, white. Fruit about the size of a filbert, white or reddish. Beautiful-fruited Duck's-foot, or May-Apple. PI. £ foot. Cult. These plants should be planted in a moist, shady situa- tion, in a peat or vegetable soil ; they are easily increased by dividing at the root. II. JEFFERSO'NIA. (This genus is dedicated to Mr. Jeffer- son, the celebrated President of the United States.) Bart. act. soc. amer. 3. p. 334. Nutt. gen. amer. 368. D. C. syst. 2. p. 34. prod. l.p. 111. LYN. SYST. Octandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 sepals. Pe- tals 8. Stamens 8, with short filaments. Capsules opening by the whole circumference at the apex. Seeds numerous, furnished at the base with a lacerated arillus. A stemless herb, about 4 inches high, allied on the one hand to Podophyllum, and on the other to Sanguinaria. 1 J. DIPHY'LLA (Pers. ench. p. 418.) 2/. H. Native of Tennessee, in shady, somewhat humid places in valleys, and on the sides of hills and mountains ; also in Virginia, abundantly VOL. i. — PART ii. about Harper's ferry, and Sweet-springs. Sims, hot. mag. 1513. Podophyllum diphyllum, Lin. spec. 723. Jeff, binata, Bart, act. soc. amer. 3. p. 344. icon. Jeff. Bartonis, Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 237. Leaves profoundly cleft into 2 lobes. Pedun- cle 1 -flowered. Flower white; anthers yellow. Calyx deci- duous, coloured. Seeds shining. Two-leaved Jeffersonia. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1792. PI. £ foot. Cult. This pretty little plant thrives best in peat soil, mixed with a little loam and sand, in a shady situation, and may either be increased by seeds or dividing at the root. It will require a little protection in severe weather. ORDER IX. HYDROPELTI'DE^ (plants agreeing in many important characters with Hydropeltis,) D. C. syst. 2. p. 36. Cabombeae, Rich. anal. fru. Calyx of 3-4-coloured sepals, (f. 34. a.) Petals equal in number to the sepals, and alternating with them. Stamens 6-36, (f. 34. b.) disposed in a double or multiple series ; fila- ments capillary ; anthers ovate-triangular, or linear, terminal, (f. 34. 6.) opening by a double chink on the inside. Ovaries 2-18, terminated by the style. Stigma obtuse. Carpels 2-1S, baccate or capsular, indehiscent, each containing only 1-2 seeds from abortion ; seeds globose, inverted or pendulous. Albumen rather farinaceous, not truly fleshy. Embryo small, basilar. Small aquatic herbs, floating on the surface of water. Leaves entire, peltate, or multifid. Peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered. Flowers purple or yellow. This order differs from Podophyllacece in the ovaries being numerous, not solitary, as well as in the stigma being seated on a longer style, and in the seeds being defi- nite : it also differs from Nymphiticece in the last respect. No- thing is known of their medicinal qualities. The seeds are diffi- cult to preserve in a living state for any length of time. Synopsis of the Genera. 1 CABOMBA. Sepals and petals 3. Stamens 6. Ovaries 2. Seeds 1-2, globose, inverted. 2 HYDROPE'LTIS. Sepals and petals 3 or 4. Stamens 18-36. Ovaries 6-18. Seed ovate-globose, pendulous within the peri- carp. I. CABO'MBA (a name given by Aublet to this plant, but from what derived he does not mention) Aubl. guian. 1. p. 321. t. 124. Rich. ann. mus. 17. p. 230. t. 5. f. 23. D. C. syst. 2. p. S6. prod. 1. p. 112. Juss. gen. 46. Nectris, Schreb. gen. no. 610. Willd. spec. 2. p. 248. Nutt, gen. amer. no. 338. LIN. SYST. Hexdndria, Digynia. Calyx of 3 sepals co- loured on the inside. Petals 3. Stamens 6 ; anthers tetragonal. Ovaries 2, terminated by the style. Carpels baccate, 1-2-seeded ; seeds globose, inverted. Herb emulating Ranunculus aqudtilis. 1 C. AQUA'TICA (Aubl. 1. c.) If. . S. W. Native of Cayenne and Guiana, in ditches and slow running rivulets. Also in Georgia and Carolina, according to Mich. Nectris aquatica, Willd. spec. 2. p. 248. N. peltata, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 239. Herb float- ing in water, immersed leaves opposite, stalked, cut into 5 divi- sions even to the petiole, segments multifid; emersed leaves floating, alternate, on long petioles, peltate-nerved, orbicular, entire. Peduncles long, axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered. Flowers small yellow. Nectris pinnata, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 239. is perhaps only a variety of this plant. Aquatic Cabomba. Fl.Jul.Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. fl. R 122 HYDROPELTIDEvE. II. HYDROPELTIS. NYMPHIACEJE. Cult. This plant will do well in a cistern about a foot deep, with 2 inches of loam in the bottom for the plant to root in, then filled up with water, and placed in the warm part of a stove, f FIG. 34. II. H YDROPEL'TIS (from vSup i/Spoe, hydor hydros, water, ireXrri, pelte, a buckler ; because the plant grows in water and has leaves in the form of a buckler) Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 324. t. 29. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1147. Rich. arm. mus. 17. p. 230. t. 5. f. 22. Brasenia, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 389. Nutt. gen. amer. no. 392. LIN. SYST. Polyandria Polygynia. Calyx of 3-4-sepals, colour- ed on the inside (f. 34. a.) Petals 3-4. Stamens 18-36. Ovaries 6-18, ending in filiform styles. Carpels capsular, 1-seeded. Seed ovate-globose, pendulous within the pericarp. — An aquatic herb with the aspect of Hydrocharis, covered with a clammy ge- latinous substance. Roots fibrous, fixed in the mud. 1 H. PURPU'REA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 324. t. 29.) l/.H.W. Native in tranquil lakes and pools of water in Lower Carolina, also in Tennessee, New Jersey, and Upper Canada. Brasenia peltata, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 389. Herb floating. Leaves alternate, on long petioles, oval, peltate in the centre, very smooth, and quite entire, float- ing on the surface of the water . Pe- duncles axillary, 1 -flowered. Flow- ers dull purple, closing and lying down on the surface of the water at night, and expanding again in the morning. There is another species found in New Holland, (f. 34.). Purple Hydropeltis. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1798. PI. fit. Cult. This pretty little plant must be grown in a pond or a cistern of water, and it may be increased by offsets." The plant being extremely difficult to preserve is seldom to be seen in the gardens of Britain. ORDER X. NYMPHIA'CE^E (plants agreeing with Nym- phce'a in many important characters.) D. C. prop. med. ed. 2. p. 119. syst. 2. p. 39. prod. l.p. 113. Calyx of 4-5-sepals (f. 36. a. b.~), inserted in the recep- tacle (f. 36. 6.), but not articulated with it. Petals and stamens disposed in one or numerous series, the latter inserted a little higher up than the former, alternate with the sepals. Filaments flattish, sometimes drawn out beyond the cells of the anthers ; anthers adnate linear, opening inwardly by two chinks (f. 36. e.). Ovaries or carpels numerous, 8-24, sometimes half immersed in the large honeycombed torus (f. 35. a.), each bearing a style (f. 35. e.), sometimes inclosed within a large and pitcher-shaped torus (f. 36. c.), membranous 1-2 or many-seeded. The styles in those with the free carpels are distinct and crowned by simple stigmas (f. 35. e.), in those with the inclosed carpels they are pel- tately-rayed above the urceolus (f. 36. d.) as in Papaver, they are connate at the base, but free at the apex (f. 36. d.). Seeds in the free carpels 2 or solitary (f. 35. 6.), in the inclosed carpels innumerable, these last are fixed laterally to the parietes of the carpels, inverted, ovate-globose, dotted, girded by a some- what gelatinous follicle-formed aril, and with the cells filled with gelatinous pulp when mature. Albumen sometimes wanting in the seeds of the free carpels, but farinaceous in the seeds of the inclosed carpels. Embryo small, turbinately globose, situated on the outside of the albumen at the base of the seed, therefore in- verted in the fruit ; it appears undivided at first sight, because it is inclosed in a membranous covering (this is not the case in any other order) when this covering is torn asunder it exhibits two thick leafy cotyledons. The covering falls off of itself before germination. All aquatic floating plants yielding somewhat milky juice, and to gardeners possessed of great interest on account of the elegant form and various hues of their flowers. The trunk of the root lies in a horizontal position in the mud, emitting nu- merous fibres, these are eatable when dried and pounded, and are made into cakes by the inhabitants of various countries. The leaves are peltate or cordate, usually floating on the surface of the water, involute before expansion. Peduncles rising from the trunk of the root, axillary, or supra-axillary, constantly naked and 1-flowered. Flowers imbricate in the bud, large, white, yellow, blue and red, usually sweet-scented, resembling those of Magnolia, double Paeonys or Poppies, lying on the surface of the water or raised a little above it, when they begin to decay the peduncle becomes inflexed and sinks in the water, where the capsules soon decay and relieve the carpels, which soon after vegetate. The seeds of the Lotos are pounded by the Egyptians and mixed among flour. The Cy'amus or Pythagorean-bean of antiquity is the produce of the Nolumbium, a stately aquatic, which abounds in all the hotter countries of the East, where its roots are frequently used as an article of food. This very natural order, from the structure of its flower, is intermediate be- tween Ranunculdcece, and Papaver -aceae, therefore joins the first and second cohort of Thalamiflorce. The tribe Nelumbbnea: agrees in a certain degree with Pcednia Moutdn in the torus being elevated into urceolus around the ovaries. The tribe Nymphceea agrees with Papaver in the structure of its fruit. The order differs from Ranunculaceoe in the anthers being ad- nate inwardly, as well as in the seeds being always inverted. It is distinguished from Papaveraceee in the fruit opening irregu- larly, as well as in the anthers being adnate, and the sepals per- manent not deciduous. It also differs from Hydropeltidece in the torus being elevated and surrounding the ovaries. The seeds retain their vegetative power a considerable time, those of the Nelumbium will vegetate after having been kept 30 years. This order was formerly the cause of much difference among botanists as to its station in the natural classification, its structure being of so doubtful a character as to leave room for disputing whether it belonged to Dicotyledbnece or Monocotyledbnece, but this has been clearly settled by M. De Candolle. See the structure of the embryo. Synopsis of the Genera. TRIBE I. NELUMBO'NE-S:. (D. C. syst. 2. p. 43. prod. 1. p. 113.). Car- pels many, distinct, 1-2-seeded, each bearing a style (f. 35. e.~), NYMPHIACE^E. I. NELUMBIUM. 123 lialf immersed in deep pits, in an elevated obconical torus (f. 35. a.). 1 NELU'MBIUM. Character the same as the tribe. TRIBE II. NYMPH;EEVJE (D. C. syst. 2. p. 43. prod. 1. p. 114.). Car- pels many-seeded, inclosed within the torus, with the stigmas radiating upon the top of the berry-formed fruit (f. 36. d.). 2 EURY'ALE. Sepals petals and stamens adhering to the torus, a great way up, and therefore the fruit appears half infe- rior. 3 BARCLA'YA. Sepals 5 distinct, absolutely hypogynous. Corolla seated upon the top of the fruit, tubular above, corolla- ceous, bearing the stamens on the inside of the tube, with the throat 8-10-lobed. 4 NYMPH^VA. Sepals inserted at the base of the torus. Pe- tals and stamens covering the torus, and adhering to it a great way up, and therefore the fruit appears as if it were half- inferior. 5 NU'PHAR. Sepals petals and stamens inserted at the base of the torus (f. 36. 6.), and therefore the berry appears as if it were superior. Tribe I. NELUMBO' NEJi (a name applied to this tribe because it contains Nelumbium, which see.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 43. prod. 1. p. 1 13. Carpels many, distinct, and half immersed in the pro- foundly honey-combed obconical, elevated torus (f. 35. a.), each bearing a style (f. 35. e.}, with a solitary seed in each carpel (f. 35. b.), which is exarillate and destitute of albumen. I. XELU'MBIUM (latinized from Nelumbo, the Cingalese name of N. speciosum.} Juss. gen. 68. D. C. syst. 2. p. 43. prod. 1. p. 113. — Nelumbo, Tour. inst. 261. Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 73. t. 19. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Polygynia. Character of the genus the same as that of the tribe. Herbs emulating the habit of Nymphce'a. Flowers large, shewy, white, red or yellow. Both leaves and flowers rising above the surface of the water. 1 N. SPBCK>SUM (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1258. Var. a et /3.) corolla polypetalous ; anthers drawn out beyond the cells into a club-shaped appendage. 11 . S. W. Native in slow running streams and tranquil waters in the warmer parts of Asia, but formerly common in Egypt (Herod, and Theop.), but now rare (Delile), in Persia (Pers.), in Mala- bar (Rheed.), in India (Burm.), in Ceylon (Herm.), in Java (herb De- less.), introduced into the Philippine and Molucca islands (Rumph.), Nipaul (herb. Lamb.), Cochinchina and China (Lour.), about Siam (Ksempf.), Japan (Thunb.). Sims, bot. mag. t. 903. Lam. ill. t. 453. Nymphae'a Nelumbo. Var. o. Lin spec. 730. Delil. fl. aegyp. descrip. p. 164. t. 61. Ne- lumbo nucifera, Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 73.1.19. f. 2. Mirb. ann. mus. 13. p. 465. t. 34. Nelumbium Asiaticum, Rich. ann. mus. 17. p. 249. t. 9. f. 49 to 57. Cyamus mysticus, Sal. ann. bot. 2. p. 75. Cyamus Nelumbo, Smith, exot. bot. 1. p. 59. t. 31, 32. FIG. 35. Nelumbo Indica, Pers. Flowers very beautiful, smelling of anise, commonly rose-coloured, seldom white (f. 35.). Far. ft, Tamara (Rheed. mal. 11. p. 59. t. 30.) outer stamens sterile, dilated at the top, winged, obcordate ; appendage rising from a notch at the apex. l/.S.W. Native of Malabar. Tamara is the name of this plant in Malabar. Trunk of the root horizontal, fleshy, white, sending out many fibres from the under surface. Petioles long, rising beyond the surface of the water, scabrous with acute tubercles. Leaves large, 1 or 2 feet in diameter, exactly peltate in the centre, orbicular entire, glabrous, under surface palest, margins some- what waved. Peduncles longer than the petioles, erect, sca- brous. Flowers large, emulating Pceonia and Papiiver, white or red. Fruit resembling an instrument once used in play by the French, by the very antique name Lotos. (D. C.). It was known to the Greeks, and is said by Herodotus, Theo- phrastus, and others, to be a native of Egypt, but no modern traveller has observed it in that country. There can, how- ever, be no doubt of its having actually existed there, either naturally or cultivated, since the terms in which it is described by those authors are too clear and decisive to be mistaken, and their accounts are confirmed by ancient Egyptian sculptures and mosaics, which are still preserved, and testify that from the ear- liest times it, as well as the proper Lotos, has obtained a religious reverence. It is remarkable that neither Herodotus nor Theo- phrastus, the most ancient writers by which it is described, have attributed any sacred character to it, but speak of it as only used as food by the Egyptians. Both root and seeds are esculent, sapid and wholesome. They are accounted cooling and strengthening, and to be of service in extreme thirst, diarrhoea, tenesmus, vomiting, and too great internal heat. In China it is called Lien- ivha, and the seeds, and slices of the hairy root, with the kernels of apricots and walnuts, and alternate layers of ice were fre- quently presented to the British Ambassador and his suite at breakfasts given by some of the principal Mandarins. The roots are laid up by the Chinese in salt and vinegar for the winter. Sir George Staunton remarks that the leaf besides its common uses, has, from its structure, growing entirely round the stalk, the advantage of defending the flower and fruit arising from its centre from contact with the water, which might injure them. He also remarks that the stem never fails to ascend in the water from whatever depth, unless in a case of sudden inundation, until it attains the surface, when its leaf expands, rests upon it, and often rises above it. Many varieties of the plant are distin- guished by the Chinese; one of them with pure-white flowers, and another having about an hundred petals white or rose-co- loured. From the root of the Nelumbo Sir George Staunton says the Egyptians are supposed to have prepared their Coloca- sia, but as the plant is no longer to be found wild in that country, from which circumstance some naturalists infer that it never was indigenous there, but cultivated by the inhabitants with extreme care. The ancient Romans made repeated efforts to raise it among them from seeds brought out of Egypt. Dr. Patrick Browne is of opinion that the ancients confounded two plants under the name of Lotos or Egyptian-bean, and that under these titles they described the upper parts of the Nelumbium and the roots of Caladium Colocdsia, now commonly called Coccos in Ja- maica. Thunberg says that it is considered as a sacred plant in Japan, and pleasing to their deities, and that the images of their idols were often drawn sitting on its large leaves. Loureiro re- lates that it abounds in muddy marshes in India and China, and is cultivated in large handsome pots in the gardens and houses of the Mandarins. The Chinese have always held this plant in such high value, that at length they regarded it as sacred. The seeds are somewhat of the size and form of an acorn, and of a taste more delicate than that of almonds. The ponds in India and R 2 124 NYMPHIACE^E. I. NELCMBIUM. II. EURYALE. III. BARCLAYA. IV. NYMPH^A. China are literally covered with the plant, and exhibit a very shewy appearance when it is in flower, and the flowess are no less fragrant than handsome. It is the Pythagorean bean of the ancients, and has been regarded from the most remote periods as an emblem of fertility. Perhaps many species are confused under N. speciosum. Shewy Nelumbium or Pythagorean Bean. Fl. in the summer. Clt. 1787. PI. fit. 2 N. CA'SPICUM (Fisch. in litt. D. C. 1. c.) corolla polypeta- lous ; anthers drawn out beyond the cells into a club-shaped appendage ; inner petals blunt, scarcely smaller than the outer ones. I/ . S. W. Native at the mouth of the river Volga near Astracan at that part of the river called Tschulpan, growing among reeds, Nymphseas and Trapas. This plant hardly differs from the preceding, unless that the petals are all obtuse, with the inner scarcely smaller than the outer ones. Caspian Nelumbium. Fl. summer. Clt. 1817. PI. fit. 3 N. LU TEUM (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1259.) corolla polypetalous ; anthers drawn out beyond the cells into a linear appendage. I/ . F. W. Native of North America in lakes and ponds in Virginia, Carolina, Florida andLouisiana, also near Philadelphia in the ditches and ponds of Brobston's meadows. Turp. ann. mus. 7. p. 210. t. II. f. 27. Nymphae'a nelumbo ft, Lin. spec. 730. Cyamus flavicomus, Sal. ann. bot. 2. p. 75. Cyamus luteus, Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 25. — Swert. floril. 2. t. 22. f. 4. Very like N. speciosum in habit as well as character, but the flowers are smaller. Flowers yellow, resembling a double tulip. The seeds are very agreeable to eat, and eagerly sought after by children and Indians. By the latter it is supposed they were introduced to those ponds near Philadelphia, as there is no other instance known of their being found so far north. Walter men- tions his Nelumbo to have white flowers, but this variety has not been seen by any other person. Yellow Nelumbium. Fl. July. Clt. 1810. PI. fit. t Species not sufficiently known. 4 N. CODOPHY'LLUM (Raf. fl. lud. p. 22. no. 64.) leaves to- mentose underneath. I/ . F. W. Native of lakes in Louisiana. Napoleone, Rob. trav. louis. 1. p. 355. 2. p. 322. and 441. ex Rafinisque. Flowers yellow, larger than those of N. luteum. Petals numerous, unequal. Seeds eatable. Leaves 2 feet in diameter, campanulate, entire, but look as if they were fringed on the margins. Scapes scabrous with acute tubercles. Bell-leaved Nelumbium. PI. fit. 5 N. PENTAPE'TALEM (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1259.) flowers pen- tapetalous. If. . F. W. Native of North and South Carolina. Cyamus pentapetalus, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 398. Nym- phs'a pentapetala, Walt. fl. carol. 155. Flowers large, white. Mr. Pursh saw a specimen of this doubtful plant in the posses- sion of a gentleman in Carolina, which ascertains its existence, but he unfortunately took no notes at the time, being in expect- ation of seeing the living plant. Five-pelalled Nelumbium. PI. fit. 6 N. JAMAICE'NSE (B.C. syst. 2. p. 47.) If.. S. W. Native of Jamaica in ponds. Nymphaea with orbieular, rayed leaves, and obversely conical fruit, and large imbedded seeds. P. Browne, jam. 343. no. 2. N. speciosum y, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1259. Nymphse'a Nelumbo, Lunan. hort. jam. 2. p. 272. Flowers rose-coloured. Jamaica Nelumbium. Fl. ? Clt. 1823. PI. fit. Cult. The species of this beautiful aquatic genus should be grown in cisterns, tubs, or large pots in a rich loamy soil ; they require a strong heat to flower in perfection. The cistern, pot, or tub should be kept full of water all the time the plants are growing, but may be allowed to get dry when the flowering season is over. The plants may be increased by dividing the roots, but are obtained more readily from seeds, which vegetate freely (Swt. cult.). None of the species have flowered in this country except the N. speciosum ; they all require to be kept in a very warm situation in a stove. Tribe II. NYMPHAEA. (D. C. syst. 2. p. 48. D. C. prod. p. 114.) Carpels numerous, many-seeded, inclosed within the enlarged torus (f. 36. c.). Stigmas radiated on the top of the berry-formed fruit (f. 36. d.). Seeds arillate, fixed to the sides of the carpels. Albumen mealy. II. EURY'ALE (Euryale, one of the Gorgons, alluding to the thorny menacing habit of the plant). Sal. ann. bot. 2. p. 73. D. C. syst. 2. p. 48. prod. 1. p. 114. LIN. SYST. Polyundria, Polygynia. Calyx of 4 sepals, in- serted in the torus and adhering to it. Petals 16-28, in 4-7 series. Stamens numerous. Carpels 16-20. Fruit appearing half inferior from the sepals petals and stamens adhering half way up. An elegant aquatic, covered all over with prickles. Leaves peltate, large, orbicular. Flowers blueish-purple or violet, not so large as those of the commoner species of Nym- pht&a. 1 E. FE'ROX (Sal. ann. bot. 2. p. 73.) !f..S. W. Native of the East Indies in the lakes called Gumtoe and Gogra ; also in China in the province of Kianang and Nipaul. An- neslea spinosa, Andr. bot. rep. t. 618. Petioles and calyxes hispid, with stiff prickles. Leaves large, scutate, about a foot in diameter. Carpels the size of a pea, inclosed within the torus. Trunk of root esculent. Fierce Euryale. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1809. PI. fit. Cult. This singular aquatic plant requires to be always kept in water in a hot-bed or stove ; it will seed freely if some pollen be shaken on the stigmas when it is in bloom, which is the only method of increasing it. III. BARCLA'YA (in honour of Robert Barclay, F.L. S. of Bury Hill, Surrey, eminently distinguished for his love of plants, and who has introduced numerous new plants to England, more particularly from Mexico and the Mauritius). Wall, in Linn, trans, vol. 15. p. 442. 1. 18. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Polygynia. Calyx of 5 distinct sepals inserted beneath the ovary. Receptacle widened into a globose ovary at the base, tubular and corollaceous at the apex, with the throat 8-1 0-lobed ; lobes unequal, conniverit, disposed in 2-3 series. Stamens numerous, nodding, fixed to the inside of the tube of the torus, and inclosed within the same ; superior ones sterile and branched. Anthers naked. Styles numerous radiating and inserted in the bottom of the tube, connate at the base. Berry fleshy, globose, many-celled, many-seeded, sur- rounded at the base by the permanent calyx and crowned by the permanent corolla. Seeds globose, beset with fleshy bristles, albuminose, inverted. A floating aquatic with appearance of Potamogeton. Leaves thin, elongated, oblong, rather narrowest at the base, rather cordately-hastate and a little peltate at the base, feather-nerved, shining, rusty beneath and tomentose. Scape 1 -flowered, about equal in length to the slender petioles. Flowers erect, smooth, of a greenish-colour, scentless. This genus differs from Euryale in the calyx being absolutely hy- pogynous. 1 B. LONGIFOLIA (Wall. 1. c.) 1£ . W. S. Native of the East Indies in Pegu near Rangoon in stagnant water. Long-leaved Barclaya. Fl. Aug. PI. floating. Cult. For the cultivation see Euryale. IV. NYMPH^E'A , nymphe, a water nymph, in refer- NYMPHIACE^E. IV. NYMPH*A. 125 ence to the habitation of the plants). Neck. elem. no. 1 828. Tourn. Lin. & Juss. D. C. syst. 2. p. 49. prod. 1. p. 114. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Polygynla. Calyx of 4 sepals, girding the base of the torus. Petals 16-28, adnate to the torus, elevated about the ovary and covering the same, and therefore at first sight appearing inserted in it. Stamens nu- merous, disposed in many series, inserted in a similar way above the petals. Shewy aquatic herbs. Trunk of root fleshy, hori- zontal, emitting fibres below. Leaves large, cordate or peltate, floating. Flowers large, white, rose-red, and blue, never yellow. The genus is called water-lily in English, from the plants grow- ing in water, and the flowers having the appearance of a lily. SECT. I. CYA'N^EA (from KVO.VOS, kyanos, blue ; because the flowers are blue or blueish). D. C. syst. 2. p. 49. prod. 1. p. 114. Anthers drawn out at top. Flowers blue or blueish. Leaves peltate, entire or bluntly sinuated. 1 N. SCUTIFO'LIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 50.) leaves peltate, bluntly and sinuately toothed, not dotted, smooth on both surfaces, 2- lobed at the base ; lobes incumbent ; anthers appendiculated at the top ; stigmas 20-rayed. I/ . S. W. Native of Cape of Good Hope in rivers. N. cseriilea, Andr. bot. rep. t. 197. Sims, bot. mag. t. 552. Castalia scutifolia, Sal. ann. bot. 2. p. 72. This plant differs from the following in the flowers being of a more intense blue, as well as in the sepals and petals being blunter. Leaves constantly sinuated. Saucer-leaved Water Lily. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1792. PI. fit. 2 N. CJSRU'LEA (Savig. decad. aegypt. 3. p. 74.) leaves peltate, nearly entire, without dots, glabrous on both surfaces, 2-lobed at the base ; lobes free ; anther appendiculated at the apex ; stigmas 16-rayed. If.. S. W. Native of Lower Egypt in rice grounds and canals about Rosetta, Damietta, Kahira, &c. Savig. ann. mus. paris 1 . p. 366. t. 25. Vent. malm. t. 6. Herb amat. t. 338. N. stellata, var. Sims, bot. mag. 2058. Flowers very fragrant. Root pear-shaped, blackish. That this species was sacred amongst the ancient Egyptians is obvious from the re- presentations of it on their old monuments and in hieroglyphics. Blue Water Lily. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1812. PI. fit. 3 N. MADAGASCAKIE'NSIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 50. prod. 1. p. 114.) leaves peltate, bluntly-sinuated, not dotted, glabrous on both surfaces, 2-lobed at base ; lobes divaricate ; anthers appendi- culate at the apex; stigmas 8-10-rayed. !{.. S. W. Native of the island of Madagascar. Perhaps this is a variety of N. stel- lata. Flowers blue. Madagascar Water Lily. PI. fit. 4 N. STELLA'TA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1153.) leaves peltate, entire, not dotted, glabrous on both surfaces, 2-lobed at the base ; lobes divaricate ; anthers appendiculate at the apex ; stigmas 8-12-rayed. "%.. S. W. Native of Malabar in tranquil rivulets and lakes, also in Coromandel, Tranquebar, and Java. Andr. bot. rep. t. 330. Citambel, Rheed. mal. 11. p. 53. t. 27. Cas- t&lia stellata, Blum, bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnsea 1 . p. 643. Castalia stellaris, Sal. ann. bot. 2. p. 72. N. Malaba- rica var. caerulea, Lam. diet. 2. p. 457. Flowers blue or blueish. Starry Water Lily. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1803. PI. fit. 5 N. PULCHE'LLA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 51.) leaves peltate, nearly entire, not dotted, glabrous on both surfaces, 2-lobed at the base ; lobes blunt, somewhat diverging ; anthers appendiculated at the apex; stigmas 12-rayed. If;. S. W. Native of Guayaquil. Flowers white, one half smaller than those of N. alba. Petals 8, oblong, acuminated, shorter than the calyx. Neat Water Lily. Fl. June, Sept. PI. fit. 6 N. CYA NEA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 41.) %. S. W. Native of the East Indies. N. Cahlara, Donn, cant. ed. 7- Leaves peltate. Flowers blue. A species scarcely known. Blue Indian Water Lily. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1809. PL flt. SECT. II. LOTOS (the name Lotos is applied to this section because the plants it contains agree in character with the Egyp- tian Lotos. N. Lotus.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 52. prod. 1. p. 115. Anthers not drawn out at the top into an appendage. Flowers white, rose-coloured, or red. Leaves peltate, rarely entire, usually deeply toothed, and usually pubescent on the under sur- face, not glabrous as the last section. 7 N. EDU'LIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 52.) leaves peltate, broad- oval, quite entire, under surface pubescent. I/ . S. W. Native of the East Indies in fens. Castklia edulis, Sal. ann. bot. 2. p. 73. N. Coteka, Roxb. mss. with a figure in Banks' Libr. N. esculenta, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 41. Roots esculent. Flowers small, white, or red ? Eatable-rooted Water Lily. Fl. in Botanic Garden Calcutta throughout the year, in England from June to Sept. Clt. ? PL flt. 8 N. RU'BRA (Roxb. ined. Sims bot. mag. t. 1280.) leaves peltate, sharply toothed, under surface pubescent, and not spot- ted. 1{., S. W. Native of the East Indies. Andr. bot. rep. 503. Cast&lia magnifica, Sal. parad. t. 14. Flowers deep red. Petiole inserted very near the margin of the leaf. The seeds and roots are said to be eatable, and the flowers are said to be held in superstitious veneration in Hindostan, which may arise from its affinity with the Nelumbo, or sacred bean. ^erf-flowered Water Lily. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1803. PL flt. 9 N. ROSEA (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 15.) leaves peltate, sharply toothed, under surface pubescent, upper surface dark-green. If. . S. W. Native of the East Indies. N. rubra var. (3, rosea, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1364. D. C. syst. 2. p. 52. prod. 1. p. 115. Flowers rose-coloured, not deep-red, as in the preceding species. Petiole inserted very near the margin of the leaf. .Ktwe-coloured-flowered Water Lily. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1803. PI. flt. 10 N. PUBE'SCENS (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1154.) leaves peltate, sharply toothed, orbicularly-reniform, under surface velvety- pubescent and spotted ; lobes roundish. If. . S. W. Native of the East Indies, Malabar, Moluccas, Tranquebar, Ceylon, Java, and about Bombay, and also on the western coast of Africa at Waree and Acra, &c. in tranquil water. N. Lotus, Burm. ined. Beauv. fl. d'ow. et de ben. 2. p. 50. t. 88. Jones asiat. reser. 3. p. 285. Cast&lia s&cra, Sal. parad. no. 14. Cas- t&lia pubescens, Blum, bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnsea. 1 . p. 643. This plant is called the Lotos throughout India, and is one of the sacred plants of the Hindus. Flowers white ; petals rather unequal, expanded throughout the day and closing at night, breathing a vinous pungent odour. Pubescent-leaved Water Lily. Fl. in its native country in the dry season ; in England from June to Sep. Clt. J803. PL flt. UN. LOTUS (Lin. spec. 729. exclusive of the synonyms of Browne and Sloane,) leaves peltate, sharply Serrated, under sur- face pilose at the nerves, and pubescent between them. 1{ . S. W. Native of Egypt, in slow running streams, especially in the Nile near Rosetta and Damietta, and in rice fields during the time they are under water, &c. Del. fl. aegyp. descr. p. 159. t. 60. f. 1. Hill. veg. syst. 16. p. 39. t. 39. Castalia mystica, Sal. ann. bot. 2. p. 73. Root tuberous, eatable. Flowers large, white ; sepals red at the margins. This is the Lotos, which was celebrated by the ancient Egyptians, sacred to Isis, and was sometimes engraven on their very ancient coins. This is not to be confounded with the Lotos of the Lotophagi, which is Zizyphus Lotus (see Desf. in mem. acad. par. 1788. p. 443.) nor with the Lotos of Homer and Dioscori- dis, which is evidently a species of Lotus or Tri/blium, nor with the Lotos of Hippocrates, which is Celtis australis, nor with the Italian Lotos, which is Diospyrus Lotus. The seeds dried and ground were made into a kind of bread by the ancient Egyptians, 126 NYMPHIACEJE. IV. NYMPHJEA. as well as the roots. The ancients record the sinking of the flower under water at night. It is conceived that this flower became sacred to superstitious veneration in Egypt in conse- quence of its resemblance to the true East Indian Lotos or Ne- lumbo ; the latter, from its mode of vegetation, was adopted in the most remote ages to serve as an emblem of fertility. It seems therefore a sort of substitute or type, and strengthens the theory of the mythology of Egypt having migrated thither from India. The Nelumbo was brought to Egypt, but has never perpetuated itself there to any great extent. Egyptian Lotos. Fl. June, Sep. Clt. 1802. PI. flt. 12 N. THERMA'LIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 54.) leaves peltate, sharply-toothed, glabrous on both surfaces ; auricles approxi- mate. "H. . S. W. Native of Croatia in the hot river called Pecze, in water 19-28 degrees of Reaum. Therm, not far from Varasdin. N. Lotus, Wald. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 13. t. 15.? Sims, bot. mag. t. 792. Castalia mystica, Sal. parad. no. 14. Flowers white, having a somewhat vinous odour. Hot-water Water Lily. Fl. in its native country from the end of April ; in England from June to Sept. Clt. 1802. PI. flt. 13 N. A'MPLA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 54.) leaves peltate, sharply- toothed, quite glabrous on both surfaces, with the nerves on the under surface very prominent. Tf. . S. W. Native of Jamaica, St. Domingo, Gulph of Mexico about Vera Cruz, Guiana, &c. in tranquil water. Castalia ampla, Sal. ann. bot. 2. p. 73. par. no. 14. N. Lotus, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 533. Flowers white. Var. j3, Rudgeana (Meyer, prim, esseq. p. 198.) This plant is distinguished from N. Lotus by the leaves being minutely tu- bercled on the upper surface. Ample-leaved Water Lily. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. ? PI. flt. 14 N. VERSI'COLOR (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 41.) leaves peltate, with the margin and between the recesses sinuately-toothed, full of pustules, glabrous on both surfaces. If, . S. W. Native of Bengal in tranquil water. Sims, bot. mag. 1189. Flowers white, changing to red, and several of the outer petals are green, and furrowed on the back with green lines. This plant is multiplied by the tubers, which hang by a thread from the main root, which are about the size of a nut, and fall off from the mother plant with the fading of the leaves. Party-coloured Water Lily. Fl. in England from July to Sept. in Bengal throughout the year. Clt. 1807. PI. flt. SECT. III. CASTA'LIA (Castalia, a fountain in Asia in the sub- urbs of Daphne.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 55. prod. l.p. 115. Anthers not drawn out at the apex. Flowers white. Leaves cordate, not peltate, glabrous, quite entire. 15 N. RENIFO'RMIS (Walt. fl. carol. 155.) leaves kidney- shaped, stigmas 16-rayed. I/. G. W. Native of Carolina. Nelumbium reniforme, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1260. Cyamus reni- forrnis, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 398. — Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 5. Flowers white, a little larger than those of N. Alba ; anthers yellow, as in the rest of this section. Kidney-shaped-leaved. Water Lily. Fl. July. Clt. 1823. PI. flt. 16 N. A'LBA (Lin. spec. 729.) leaves cordate, quite entire; stigmas 16-rayed ; rays ascending. l/.H. W. Native through- out Europe in ditches, lakes, and rivers ; plentiful in Britain. Smith engl. bot. 160. Fl. dan. 602. Schkuhr. handb. 2. 1. 142, &c. Castalia speciosa, Sal. ann. bot. 2. p. 72. Seeds horizontal or deflexed ; obovate, red. According to Linnaeus, the flowers of this plant raise themselves out of the water, and expand about 7 o'clock in the morning, and close again, reposing upon the surface of the water, about 4 o'clock in the evening. The roots have a bitter astringent taste ; they are used in Ireland, in the highlands of Scotland, and in the island of Jura, &c. to dye a dark brown or chesnut colour. Swine are said to eat it ; kine and horses to refuse it. The flower, herb, and roots were formerly used in medicine, but are now become obsolete. It was reputed by the ancients as an antiphrodisiac, and as a remedy in dysen- tery, and some other morbid discharges ; to the latter purpose its astringency might in some instances make it well suited. Var. ft, minor (Besl. hort. eyst. vern. ord. VII. t. 3. f. 1. Weim. phyt. 3. p. 456. t. 761. f. c.) 1f..H. W. Native of Alsace near Argentina ; in Baden near Linkenheim, and Moscow near Gorenki. Every part of this plant is smaller than in the species. Common White Water Lily. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. flt. 17 N. ODORA TA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 227. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 292.) leaves cordate, quite entire, with the nerves and veins on the under surface very prominent ; stigmas 1 6-20-rayed ; rays erect, inflexed at the top. I/ . H. W. Native of North America from Canada to Carolina ; about Philadelphia at Glo- cester Point and in New Jersey ; abundant about Quebec ; in deep ditches and slow running rivers. Sims, bot. mag. t. 819. Andr. bot. rep. t. 297. Bigel. amer. med. bot. t. 55. N. alba, Walt. fl. carol. 155. This plant is very like N. alba, and has by many authors been confounded with it, but it is truly distinct. Flowers white, tinged with red, sweet-scented, expanding in the morning, but closing after meridian. The roots of this plant are amongst the strongest astringents of North America. When fresh, if chewed in the mouth, they are extremely stiptic and bitter. Their decoction instantly strikes a jet black colour with sulphate of iron, and yields a dense white precipitate to a solution of gelatin. Tannin and gallic acid are to be considered its most characteristic ingredients. The roots of this plant are kept by most of the apothecaries in North America, and are much used by the common people in the composition of poultices. They are no doubt often injudiciously applied to suppurate tumors, since their astringency must be rather a discutient than a promo- tive of suppuration. They are occasionally used by physicians in cases where astringent applications are requisite, and answer a purpose somewhat analogous to that of lead poultices and alum curds. The whole of the genus possess the same qualities. Sweet-scented Water Lily. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1786. PI. flt. 18 N. MI'NOR (D. C. syst. 2. p. 58.) leaves cordate, quite en- tire, with the nerves and veins very prominent on the under sur- face ; peduncles and petioles rather purplish and rather pilose ; stigmas 1 6-20-rayed. "if.. H. W. Native of North America about New York and in Canada. N. odorata ft minor, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1 652. ft, r6sea, Pursh, fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 368. Flowers white, smaller than those of N. odorata, rose-coloured on the outside. ,SW/er-flowered Water Lily. Fl. July. Clt. 1812. PI. flt. 19 N. NI'TIDA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1359.) leaves cordate, quite entire ; nerves not prominent on the under surface ; petioles smooth; petals blunt ; stigmas 12-20-rayed. 2/.H. W. Na- tive of Siberia in lakes and in the river Lena, and in Dauria in still water. N. odorata, Willd. hort. berl. t. 39. Like N. odorata and N. alba. Root perpendicular. Flowers white, scentless, a little smaller than those of the above named species. Stamens yellow. Shining-leaved Water Lily. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1809. PI. flt. 20 N. PYGM^E A (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 293.) leaves cordate, quite entire ; nerves not prominent ; petioles smooth ; petals acute; stigmas 8-rayed. If.. H. W. Native of China and eastern Siberia. Sims, bot. mag. 1525. Castalia pygmae'a, Sal. parad. t. 68. Flowers white, smelling like those of Polian- thus tuberbsus. A small plant. Torus greenish-yellow. Pygmy Water Lily. Fl. June, Sep. Clt. 1805. PI. flt. 21 N. BLA'NDA (Meyer prim. fl. esseq. p. 201.) leaves cordate, quite entire, with the nerves on the under surface channelled ; petals 16, acuminated. If.. S. W. Native of Essequibo, in stagnant and slow running water. N. glandulifera, Rodsch. obs. NYMPHIACE/E. V. NUPHAR. SARRACENIE^E. 127 p. 76. Like N. odorata, but is easily distinguished from it by the nerves of the leaves being channelled. Flowers white. Bland Water Lily. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1820. PI. fit. 22 N. ACUTI'LOBA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 116.) leaves ovate, somewhat toothed ; lobes very acute ; petals 1 6, acute ; stigmas 16-rayed. ^.S. W. Native of China — Braam. icon. chin. t. 18. j4cute-lobed-lea.ve& Water Lily. PI. fit. Cult. The stove species, or those from warm climates, may be grown in large pots, or pans of water placed in a warm part of the stove, with several inches of rich loamy soil in the bottom. They thrive well in a water-tight frame, placed on a hot-bed in the summer season, where we have seen them flower freely. The hardy species should be planted in ponds, cisterns, or canals, where they will make a fine appearance. They are all either in- creased by seeds, dividing the roots, or separating the tubes. Mr. Kent, formerly of Clapton, who cultivated exotic aquatics to great perfection, found that the bulbous-rooted Nymphtje as, if checked in their growth for want of water, from cold or ex- cessive heat, were apt to form bulbs at their roots, and cease growing for that season. Hence the necessity of a regular and powerful moist heat to make them flower freely. V. NU'PHAR (from naufar, or nyloufar, the Arabic name of Nymphtza.) Sibth. and Smith, prod. fl. graec. 1. p. 361. D. C. syst. 2. p. 59. prod. 1. p. 116. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Polygynia. Calyx of 5-6 petal-like sepals (f. 36. a. b.). Petals 10-18, much smaller than the sepals with their backs, melliferous. Stamens indefinite, which are, as well as the sepals and petals, inserted at the base of the torus (f. 36. 6.), and therefore the berry appears as if it were superior. Stigmas 10-1 8, radiated (f. SG.d.). Carpels 10-18, inclosed within the torus. Elegant aquatic herbs. Rhizoma or trunk of root thick, horizontal. Petioles and peduncles smooth, rising a little above the water. Flowers yellow. 1 N. LI/TEA (Smith, prod. fl. graec. 1. p. 361.) calyx of 5- sepals ; stigmas entire, 16-20-rayed, profoundly umbilicated ; leaves oval-cordate ; lobes approximate ; petioles triquetrous, with acute angles. I/ . H. W. Native throughout the whole of Europe and Siberia, in ditches, lakes, and slow running rivers ; also of North America between lat. 54° and 64°. Nymphae'a lutea, Lin. spec. 729. Fl. dan. t. 603. Smith, engl. bot. t. 159. Schrank. fl. mon. 1. t. 20 Schkuhr. handb. 2. t. 142. Nymphos- anthus vulgaris, Rich. arm. mus. 17. p. 230. t. 9. f. 51 and 52. Sepals 5, very blunt. Petals much smaller, truncate, with their backs melliferous. Flowers smelling like brandy. Linnaeus says that swine are fond of both the leaves and roots ; that goats are not fond of them ; and that kine, sheep, and horses refuse them, and also that crickets are driven out of houses by the smoke in burn- ing the roots ; they and cock-roaches are destroyed by the roots rubbed or bruised with milk. Common yellow Water Lily. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. flt. 2 N. PU'MILA (Smith, engl. bot. t. 2292.) calyx of 5-sepals ; stigmas lobed 10-rayed; leaves oblong-cordate, dotted, some- what pubescent; lobes approximate; petioles semi-cylindrical at the base, but triquetrous at the top. If. . H. W. Native of Germany, Lapland, and Norway, in slow running rivers, and mountain lakes ; also in the mountain lakes of Scotland, espe- cially in a lake at the foot of Ben Cruachan, Loch Lomond, and several other lakes. Nymphae'a pumila, HofFm. fl. germ. 1800. p. 241. N. lutea/3 minima, Willd. spec. pi. 2. p. 1151. Nuphar minima, Smith engl. bot. t. 2292. Plant one-half smaller than Nup. lutea. Dwarf yellow Water Lily. Fl. June, July. Scotland. PI. flt. 3 N. KALMIA'NA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 295.) calyx 5-sepalled ; stigmas toothed, 8-10-rayed; leaves cordate, somewhat emersed ; lobes somewhat approximate ; petioles nearly cylindrical. I/ . H. W. Native of North America throughout Ca- nada and Carolina, and in Newfoundland, in ponds and ditches, but rare ; about Philadelphia, near the Schuylkill. Nymphae' a Kalmiana, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1243. Nymphae'a lutea, Walt, carol. 154 ? Nymphae'a lutea /3, Kalmiana, Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 311. Nymphae'a microphylla, Pers. ench. 2. p. 63. Kalm's yellow Water Lily. Fl. FIG. 36. July, Aug. Clt. 1807. PI. flt. 4 N. SERI'CEA (Langd. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 606.) calyx 5- sepalled ? stigmas toothed ; leaves cordate-oblong ; lobes distant at the base; peduncles and petioles have a scaly-silky appearance. % . H. W. Native of the Danube. Silky yellow Water Lily. Fl. June, July. PI. flt. 5 N. JAPO'NICA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 69.) calyx of 5-sepals ; stigma 15-16-rayed; leaves oblong-sagit- tate, cordate ; auricles acute, rather distant ; petioles nearly cylindrical If. . G. W. Native of Japan in ponds. Nymphae'a lutea, Thunb. fl. jap. 223. exclusive of the synonyms, Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 6. A plant between N. lutea and N. sagittcefolia. (f. 36.) Japan yellow Water Lily. Fl. June, July. PI. flt. 6 N. SAGITT^FOLIA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 370.) calyx of 6 sepals ; petals none ; anthers nearly sessile ; leaves sagit- tately-cordate, oblong, obtuse. If. . H. W. Native of Carolina, Georgia, and Savannah, in slow running water. Nymphae'a sagit- taefolia, Walt. fl. car. 154. Nymphae'a longifolia, Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 312. Nuphar longifolia, Smith, in Rees's cycl. no. 5. Flowers small. Arrow-leaved yellow Water Lily. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. flt. 7 N. A'DVENA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 295.) calyx of 6 sepals ; petals many, small, shorter, never exceeding the sta- mens ; pericarp furrowed ; leaves erect, cordate ; lobes divari- cate. If. . H. W. Native of North America from Canada to Carolina, in lakes, ponds, and ditches, even in salt-water ; very plentiful about Philadelphia, and throughout Canada. Nym- phae'a advena, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 226. Nymphae'a arifolia, Sal. ann. bot. 2. p. 71. Leaves and flowers rising con- siderably above the surface of the water. Stranger yellow Water Lily. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1772. PI. flt. Cult. As the species of this genus are all hardy except one, the N. Japonica, which has not as yet been introduced into Europe, they may be planted in ponds, cisterns, canals, or lakes, where they will make a beautiful appearance, a rich loamy soil suits them best, and they are propagated either by dividing the roots or by seeds, which may be thrown into the water, wherever they are intended to remain. COHORT II. Fruit solitary or connate. Placentas parietal, intervalvular. Calyx of 2-5 sepals. Petals 4-5, rarely more. Stamens numerous, but usually 5 or 6. ORDER XI. SARRACE'NIE^ (containing only the genus Sarracenia). De La Pylaie, in ann. de la soc. Lin. par. C. p. 388. Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 33. Calyx of 5 permanent sepals (f. 37. a.) which are concave at the base and furnished with a 3-leaved involucrum just under it. Corolla of 5 petals which are contracted at the base, and unqui- culate (f. 37. 6.). Stamens numerous, hypogynous (f. 37. c.) closely packed together; filaments shortish ; anthers fixed by 1 128 SARRACENIE&. I. SARRACENIA. PAPAVERACE.E. their back, oblong, 2-celled (f. 37. c.) opening upwards from the base, hardly to the apex. Ovary 1, large, globose, with 5 lon- gitudinal furrows (f. 37. /.)• Style columnar, crowned by a broad, convex, leafy, 5-angled stigma (f. 37. d.~). Capsule glo- bose, crowned by the permanent style and stigma, 5-lobed, 5- celled, 5-valved, many-seeded (f. 37._/.), valves separating from the apex. Placentas 5, one in each cell closely covered with seeds, progressing from the central axis. Seeds small, minutely tubercled (f. 37. g.}. Embryo cylindrical, cleft at one extre- mity into 2 cotyledons, placed at the base of a copious waxy- granular albumen, with the radicle pointing towards the hilunv The seeds are keeled on their under side, inserted by their nar- rowest point upon a large club-shaped, stipitate receptacle, which stands out from the central column or axis into the middle of each cell. The valves of the capsule open from above be- tween the cells, whose dissepiments are attached to the centre o' each valve, and separate from the central axis of the column. Well known singular plants, inhabitants of the swamps of North America, remarkable for the singular form of their leaves, which are tubular and hold water, and some species have lids or covers, which it is alleged shrink and close over the mouth, so as to prevent the exhalation of the water. In dry weather birds resort to them for drink. Scapes always 1 -flowered. Flowers' large, nodding, greenish-yellow or dark purple. This order differs chiefly from Papaveracece and Nymphuicece in having a broad, peltate, leafy stigma, but it is still nearer to the former than the latter in the capsules being furnished with intervalvular placentas. I. SARRACENIA (so named by Tournefort in honour of Dr. Sarrazin, a French physician of rank residing at Quebec, who sent this genus to him from Canada). Tourn. Lin. gen. no. 885. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynla. Character the same as the order. The genus is called in English Side-saddle-flower, from the resemblance of the style and stigma to a woman's pillion. 1 S. puRpuvREA(Lin. spec. 728.)leaves short, constricted at top, with the tube inflated and gibbous, and the lid or wing or helmet- like appendage, erect, broad-cordate, and sometimes emarginate. T£ . F. M. Native of North America in swampy places about Que- bec, Lake Huron, and probably common throughout Canada, and as far north as Bear Lake and as far south as Carolina. Sims, bot. mag. 849. Mill. fig. 2. 241. — Cat. car. 2.t. 70. Flowers dark purple. Seeds reddish. Purple-flowered Side-saddle- flower. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1646. PL 1 foot. 2 S. RU BRA (Walt. fl. car. 152.) leaves short, coloured upwards with netted veins ; tube ending gradually in a somewhat arch- ed, long, pointed appendage (f. 37. i.) y.. F. M. Native of North America in the swamps of Georgia and Florida. Hook. exot. fl. 13. S. psittacina, Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 311. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 368. — Pluk amalth. t. 152. f. 3. ? Flowers on very long FIG. 37. peduncles, purple. Leaves small, very handsomely marked with purple veins (f. 37.). tfed-flowered Side-saddle-flower. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt.1786. PL 1ft. 3 S. FLA'VA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 310.) leaves straight, very long, funnel-shaped, with a spreading throat ; appendage erect, constricted at the base, with the sides in the lower part bent backwards, and ending in an awl-shaped mucrone. "If. . F. M. Native of North America in open swamps from Virginia to Florida. Sims, bot. mag. 780. Andr. bot. rep. 381. — Catesb. car. 2. t. 69.— Pluk. amalth. t. 376. f. 5. Flowers yellow. This is the tallest growing species ; the leaves are often 2 feet long. Yellorv-Aowered Side-saddle-flower. FL June, July. Clt. 1752. PI. 2 feet. 4 S. VARIOLA' RIS (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 310.) leaves elongated, their tube spotted on the back, ending in a short arched appendage. If. . F. M. Native of North America in open swamps on a sandy soil from North Carolina to Florida. Sims, bot. mag. 1710. S. adunca, Smith exot. bot. 1. t. 53. S. minor, Walt. car. 153. Flowers yellow. The transparent spots on the back of the leaf distinguish this species readily from the preceding, with which it has often been confounded. Chequered Side-saddle-flower. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1803. PL 1 ft. Cult. These singular and handsome plants are very desirable objects in the collections of the admirers of nature. They are all inhabitants of the swamps of North America, but will not stand in the open air in Britain. They should be kept in pots filled with turfy peat at the bottom, and the upper part with Spdgnum or mater-moss in which the plants must be set 'and then placed in pans of water ; they succeed best in frames in a shady situation or in a stove. They also succeed very well if set in Spdgnum in a frame without pots, but they always will re- quire to be kept rather moist and well shaded. In this last way the sashes require to be almost always kept shut. There is no way known by which they can be increased in this country but by dividing the plants at the root. Most of the plants in the gardens have been imported from North America. ORDER XII. PAPAVERA'CE^ (plants agreeing with Pa- paver in many important characters.) Juss. gen. 236. excluding Fumariaceae. D. C. syst. 2. p. 67. prod. 1. p. 117. Rhaeadeae, Lin. ord. nat. ed. Gisel. 383. Calyx of 2 deciduous sepals, inclosing the young flower (f. 38. «.), or calyptrate (f. 41./.). Petals usually 4 (f. 38. 6. f. 39. a. f. 41. a.), free, rarely wanting, usually regular ; irregularly plaited before evolution. Stamens indefinite (f. 39. b. f. 40. c.), seldom definite, disposed in one or many series ; filaments filiform ; an- thers 2-celled, inserted by their base, opening by 2-furrows. Ovary 1 (f. 38. d.} free, oblong, constantly of 2 or many carpels, clasped by a membranous production of the Thalamus (f. 38. e.}. Style short or wanting. Stigmas-2-4 (f. 41. c.) 6, or numerous (f. 38. c.), usually stellately disposed on the top of the ovary (f. 38. c.). Capsules the same as the ovaries (f. 38. d. f. 39. c. f. 41. d.), with 2 (f. 39. c. f. 41. e.) or numerous, intervalvular, placentas, bearing seeds on both sides (f. 38. e.\ adhering to the sides of the valves ; but in the 2-valved silique-formed capsules, the seeds are born on the margins (f. 39. c. f. 41. e.), sometimes opening at the base, sometimes at the top, each cell or carpel usually ending in a permanent style or stigma. Seeds numerous (f. 38. e. f. 39. c.), rarely solitary from abortion, inserted in the intervalvular placentas, unless in silique-formed capsules ; nearly globose, destitute of aril except Bocconia. Embryo small, placed in the base of a fleshy oily albumen ; cotyledons ovate- PAPAVERACEjE. I. PAPAVER. 129 oblong, flat on one side, and convex on the other. — Annual, perennial, or suffruticose herbs, yielding white, yellow, copper- coloured or blood-like juice. Roots fibrous. Leaves alternate, simple, sessile or stalked, usually dilated at the base, and half- stem-clasping, feather. nerved, generally pinnate-lobed, never truly entire, often glaucous. Peduncles axillary and terminal, 1- flowered, naked, inflexed before the expansion of the flower, usually solitary, distant, sometimes approximating in a panicle. Flowers very fugacious, usually large, white, yellow, red, or purple, but never truly blue. This order is intermediate between Nymphiaceoe and Ranuncula.ee 'ce, but differs from both in having intervalvular placentas. Sanguinaria comes near to Podophyl- lacece. Chelidonium and Hypecoum to Fumariacetz and Cru- ciferce, but from all these orders they are easily distinguished by the above characters. The plants of this order are better known for their medicinal qualities than for their beauty. Sanguinaria is a neat little plant, well known for its crimson juice, and the emetic, purga- tive and anthelmintic powers of its roots. The peculiar narcotic power of the poppy is well known, a property which pervades the whole order, although in a less intense degree in all than in Papaver somniferum, from which, exclusively, the drug opium is obtained. The Mexicans use the expressed seed of Argembne Mexwana for polishing furniture. The seeds of the plants of this order are easily introduced in a living state from any part of the world, as they retain their vegetative power a consider- able time. Synopsis of the Genera. 1 PAPA'VER. Petals 4 (f. 38. 6.). Stamens indefinite. Style wanting. Stigmas 4-20, radiating, sessile, connected, crowning the top of the ovarium (f. 38. c.). Capsules obovate (f. 38. rf.). 2 ARGEMO^NE. Petals 4-6. Stamens indefinite. Style al- most wanting. Stigmas 4-5, radiating, concave, free. Capsule obovate, prickly, 4-5-valved. 3 MECONO'PSIS. Petals 4. Stamens indefinite. Style short. Stigmas 5-6, radiating, convex, free. Capsule obovate, smooth, 5-6-valved. 4 STYLO'PHORUM. Petals 4. Stamens indefinite. Style long. Stigma 4-lobed. Capsules obovate, echinated, 4-valved. 5 HUNNEMA'NIA. Petals 4 (f. 39. a.). Stamens indefinite. Stigma peltate, 4-furrowed, slightly 4-lobed. Capsules silique- formed, rather compressed, 10-ribbed, 1 -celled, 2-valved (f. 39. c.). 6 SANGUINA* RIA. Petals 8-12. Stamens 24. Stigmas 2. Capsule oblong, 2-valved. 7 BOCCO'NIA. Petals wanting. Stamens 8-24. Stigmas 2. Capsules elliptical, 1 -seeded. Seed inwrapped in soft pulp. 8 MACLEVAYA. Petals wanting. Stamens 8-24 (f. 40. c. 6.). Capsules many-seeded. Seeds inwrapped in soft pulp. 9 ESCHSCHO'LZIA. Petals 4 (f. 41. a.). Stamens indefinite. Stigmas 4, 2 short and 2 long (f. 41. c.). Capsules elongated, silique-formed (f. 41. d.), 2-valved (f. 41. e.\ 1 -celled. Calyx calyptrate (f. 41./.). Receptacle expanded (f. 41. i.). VOL. i. — PART n. 10 ROME' RIA. Petals 4. Stamens indefinite. Stigma 1. Cap- sules elongated, 3-4-valved, 1 -celled. 1 1 GLAU'CIUM. Petals 4. Stamens indefinite. Stigma bila- mellate. Capsules elongated, 2-valved, and 2-celled from the cel- lular dissepiment. Seed without a glandular crest. 1 2 CHEHDONIOM. Petals 4. Stamens indefinite. Capsules elongated, 2-valved, 1-celled. Stigma 2-lobed. Seeds fur- nished with a glandular crest. 13 HYPE'COUM. Petals 4, inner ones usually 3-lobed. Sta- mens 4. Stigmas 2. Capsules elongated, 2-valved, knotted or jointed transversely. I. PAPA'VER (from papa, pap, or thick milk ; or pappo, to eat of pap. The juice of the poppy was formerly used in children's food to make them sleep, and in some parts of Hol- land they still use the seeds to produce the same effect. From papa the Latins changed the name of it to Papaver, the Anglo- Saxons to Papig, the English to Poppy, and the French to Pavot.) Tourn. inst. 237. t. 119. Lin. gen. no. 648. Schreb. gen. 881. Gsert. fruct. 1. p. 289. t. 60. Juss. gen. 236. Lam. ill. t. 51. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Polygynia. Sepals 2, convex, deci- duous (f. 38. a.). Petals 4 (f. 38. 6.). Stamens indefinite. Style none. Stigmas 4-20, radiating, sessile, crowning the disk at the top of the ovary (f. 38. c.). Capsules obovate (f. 38. d.), 1-celled, constantly with 4 to 20, carpels inclosed in a membranous production of the thalamus (f. 38. e.~), opening by short valves under the crown or the stigmas. Placentas drawn out on the inside into incomplete dissepiments, one in the centre of each valve. Seeds reniform. Perennial or annual herbs, usually pilose, and a white juice flows from them in every part when cut. Leaves pinnately lobed or cut ; lobes generally cut, and their teeth are usually terminated by a hair. Peduncles axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered, naked, inflexed before the expan- sion of the flower. Flowers erect, white, red, yellow or varie- gated. § 1. Capsules hispid. Scapes radical. 1 P. NUDICAU'LE (Lin. spec. 725.) capsules hispid, obovate- oblong ; sepals beset with bristles ; peduncles radical, very long ; leaves pinnately-lobed ; lobes toothed or cut, acute. If.. H. Native of Eastern Siberia, in the province of Argunskoi ; in the Altaian Alps, and in Dauria at the rivers Jngoda and Schilka ; also in barren grounds of North America, from lat. 64° to lat. 69°. every where upon the shores throughout the whole breadth of the continent and in the islands. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1633. — Dill. hort. elth. 302. t.224. f. 291. Petals yellow, rarely white. Stigmas 6-12. Far. ft, glabratum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 70. prod. 1. p. 118.) If.. H. Native of Eastern Siberia. Leaves and scapes nearly smooth. Var. y, radicatum (D. C. 1. c.) I/. H. P. nudicaule, Oed. fl. dan. t. 41. P. radicatum, Rottb. ex Horn, in litt. Native of Norway, rare ; Greenland, and Unalaschka. A small very hairy plant, with a distinct habit, but without character. Naked-stemmed Poppy. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1730. PI. i ft. 2 P. RUBRO-AURANTI'ACUM (Fisch. in fitt. bot. mag. t. 2344.) capsules hispid, obovate-oblong ; sepals bristly ; peduncles radi- cal, very long, covered with appressed hairs ; leaves pinnately lobed ; lobes cut, lobules terminated by a bristle. I/ . H. Na- tive of Dauria. P. nudicaule $, rubro-aurantlacum, D. C. 1. c. Red-orange-fiowered Poppy. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. \ ft. 3 P. MICROCA'RPUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 71.) capsules hispid, S 130 PAPAVERACE^;. I. PAPAVER. obovate-globose ; sepals pilose ; peduncles radical ; leaves pin- nately-lobed ; lobes cut or toothed, acutish. 1£. H. Native of Kamschatka. A species between P. nudicaule and P. Pyrenai- cum, but distinguished from them in the capsules being small obovate-globose. Flowers small, of a copper-colour. Stigmas 4. Small-capsuled Poppy. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1822. PL | to ^ ft. 4 P. PYRENA'ICUM (Willd. enum. 563.) capsules hispid, ob- ovate ; sepals bristly ; peduncles radical ; leaves pilose, pinnate- ly-lobed ; lobes cut or toothed, bluntish. If. . H. Native of the south of Europe, on calcareous mountains, among rocks and stones in sunny places, Pyrenees, Mount Baldo, Italy, Cevennes. Stigmas usually 4. Var. a, luteum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 71.) 3/ . H. Argemone Pyrenaica, Lin. spec. 728. P. aurantiacum, Lois. not. 84. P. suaveolens, Lapeyr. suppl. 72. — Barrl. icon. t. 764. P.' alpi- num, Gouan. hort. 253. Vill. daup. and All. ped. Lapeyr, pyr. abr. 296. Flowers yellow or citron-coloured, sweet-scented. Var. ft, puniceum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 72.) i; . H. P. Pyre- naicum, Willd. enum. 563. P. alpinum ft, Lapeyr. abr. 296. Native of the Pyrenees at a place called Port-de-Plan. Flowers scarlet, with a yellow spot at the base of each petal. Pyrenean Poppy. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. ? PI. | to |- foot. 5 P. ALPI'NUM (Lin. spec. 725.) capsules hispid, obovate- oblong ; sepals rather pilose ; peduncles radical ; leaves smooth- ish, bipinnate, with fine acutish lobules. T(. . H. Native of the higher Alps in sunny places, among rocks and stones in Austria. Carinthia, Carniola and Switzerland, &c. Jacq. fl. austr. t. 83. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 247. P. Burseri, Crantz. austr. 2. p. 132. t. 6. f. 4. Petals white, nearly orbicular, each furnished with a greenish- brown claw. Stigmas 5-6. Alpine Poppy. Fl. Ju. to Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. £ to % foot. § 2. Capsules hispid. Stem leafy. 6 P. HY'BRIDUM (Lin. spec. 725.) capsules hispid, obovate- globose, torose ; sepals pilose ; stem leafy, many-flowered ; leaves pinnate ; lobes multifid, linear. 0. H. Native through- out Europe, a pest in cultivated fields. Smith, engl. bot. t. 43. P. hispidum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 147. Flowers small, scarlet, each petal with a dark claw. Stigmas 5-8. Hybrid Corn Poppy. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. 1 foot. 7 P. ARGEMO'NE (Lin. spec. 725.) capsules hispid, club- shaped, elongated ; sepals smoothish ; stem leafy, many-flowered; leaves bipinnate; lobes linear. Q. H. Native throughout Europe in sandy places and cultivated fields. Smith, engl. bot. t. 643. Oed. fl. dan. t. 867. Curt. fl. lond. 5. t. 38. Schkuhr. handb. 2. p. 69. t. 140. P. clavigerum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 175. Petals pale scarlet, with a black spot at the base of each. Stigmas 4-6. Var. ft, uniflora ; stem 1-flowered. P. maritima, With. brit. 486. Argemone-like Corn Poppy. Fl. May, July. Britain. PI. 1 f. § 3. Capsules smooth (f. 38. d.\ or at the top alone a little pilvse. 8 P. DU'BIUM (Lin. spec. 726.) capsules smooth, obovate ; sepals pilose ; stem many-flowered, hispid with spreading bris- tles ; bristles on the peduncles appressed ; leaves pinnate-parted ; lobes deeply-toothed. 0. H. Native of sandy and cultivated fields throughout the whole of Europe. Smith, engl. bot. t. 644. Schkuhr. handb. 2. p. 69. t. 140. Oed. fl. dan. 902. Schrank. fl. mon. 3. t. 229. P. parviflorum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 173. Flowers small, deep-scarlet. Stigmas 4-6. Var. ft. fore-albo (Balb. fl. taur. 85. P. dubium, Jacq. fl. austr. 1. p. 17. t. 25.) Native of Tauria and Austria. Flowers white, with the claws of the same colour or darker. A species between P. Argemone and P. Rhceas. Flowers varying from in- tense scarlet to a pale red and even white, furnished with a blackish or self-coloured claw. Doubtful Corn Poppy. Fl. Ju. Jul. Britain. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 9 P. OBTUSIFO" LIUM (Desf. atl. 1. p. 407.) capsules smooth, obovate ; sepals pilose ; stem few-flowered, somewhat hispid with spreading bristles ; leaves bipinnate-parted ; lobules ovate. O.K. Native of the North of Africa near Belida. Like P. dubium, but the capsules are one half shorter. Flowers rose- coloured, about the size of those of P. Argemone. Stigmas 8-10. Blunt-leaved Corn Poppy. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1828. PL 1 ft. 10 P. RHOJ'AS (Lin. spec. 726.) capsules smooth, obovate; sepals pilose ; stem many-flowered, scabrous with spreading bristles ; leaves pinnate-parted ; lobes elongated, deeply-toothed, acute. O- H. Native throughout Europe, North of Africa, and Asia ; very common and a great pest in corn fields, imported with wheat. Smith, eng. bot. t. 645. Curt. fl. lond. 3. t. S2. Woodv. med. bot. 512. t. 186. Flowers varying from scarlet to flesh-coloured and white, with or without a spot at the base, and scarlet with white margins, and white with scarlet mar- gins, double, and semi-double. Being a very common weed it has many provincial names in English, besides its more classical ones of Corn Poppy, Red and Scarlet Poppy, Corn Rose, Cop Rose, Cup Rose, Canker or Canker Rose, Red- need, Head-nark, &c. The petals of this plant give a fine red colour when infused, and are supposed to possess slightly anodyne qualities. The young plants are admitted among esculents in Occitania, and the juice of the capsules as a succe- daneum for opium. An extract from them has been success- fully employed as a sedative ; and some foreign practitioners even prefer this extract to opium. The flowers and tops are enumerated among the narcotics. Poiac signifies a wild poppy. Rhceas or Common Corn Poppy. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. 1 foot. 11 P. TRI'LOBUM (Spreng. fl. hal. suppl. D. C. prod. 1. p. 1 1 9.) capsules smooth, roundish ; sepals pilose ; stem many- flowered, smooth ; leaves cuneated at the base, 3-lobed at the top. ©. H. Native of Halle in corn-fields. Like P. Rhceas, but will be found to be sufficiently distinct by comparing the characters. Flowers small, red. Stigmas 6-7. Three-lobed-\ea.\ed Corn Poppy. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1827. PI. 1 ft. 12 P. UEVIGA'TUM (Bieb. suppl. p. 364.) capsules smooth, obovate ; sepals smooth ; stem 1 or few-flowered, nearly smooth ; leaves profoundly pinnatifid ; lobes entire, linear, acute. O- H. Native on hills about Odessa, and of Caucasus. P. glabellum, Steven, ined. Flowers small, red, size of those of P. dubium. Stigmas 6-7. Smooth Corn Poppy. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1823. PL 1 foot. 13 P. ROU'BLEI (Vig. diss. 39. no. 4. t. 1. f. I. good) cap- sules smooth, roundish ; sepals pilose ; stem many-flowered, pilose ; leaves bipinnate-parted, villous ; lobes linear, terminated by a hair. O- H. Native of sandy places near Montpelier. Like P. Rhceas, but distinct from the leaves being bipinnate- parted, and a truly distinct habit. Plant scarcely -j foot high. Flowers like those of P. Rhce'as, but of a paler red. Stigmas 7-8. Roubieu's Corn Poppy. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1823. PI. | ft. 14 P. ARENA'RIUM (Bieb. suppl. p. 364.) capsules oblong, smooth, or with very few bristles ; sepals hispid ; leaves bipin- natifid ; segments linear ; stem many-flowered, covered with spreading bristles, those on the peduncles appressed, all caducous. ©. H. Native of Caucasus in sandy fields at the river Terek. Corolla red, with a dark bottom. Sand Corn Poppy. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1828. PL 1 foot. 15 P. FLORIBU'NDUM (Desf. choix. cor. 62. t. 46.) capsules smooth, oblong ; sepals pilose ; stem many-flowered, hispid ; leaves rather pilose, lower ones pinnate-parted, upper ones pin- PAPAVERACE/E. I. PAPAVER. 131 natifid ; lobes cut, lobules each terminated by a bristle. Q. H. Native of Armenia. Ker. bot. reg. t. 134. P. virgatum, Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 9. Plant glaucous and hispid with spreading, stiff, bristle-like, yellowish hairs, branching. A splendid branch- ing species, with numerous red flowers. Stigmas 5-6. Abundant-flowered Poppy. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1815. PI. 1 ft. FIG. 38. 16 P. HO'RRIDUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 79.) capsules smooth, elliptic; sepals hispid ; stem few-flowered, hispid with stiff bristles ; leaves somewhat stem-clasping, glaucous, sinuately pinnatifid; lobules bristly at the top of the nerves. O- H. Native of New Holland. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 6. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 173. Like P. setigerum. Flower of a brick-colour. The whole plant is covered with bristles except the capsules. Stigma 8-rayed. Horrid or New Holland Poppy. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1825. PL 1ft. 17 P. GARIEPI'NUM (Burch, cat. geogr. pi. afri. austr. no. 1633.) capsules smooth, obovate-oblong ; sepals bristly ; stem many- flowered, rough, with innumerable bristles ; leaves sessile, hispid, sinuately-pinnatifid ; lobes distant, ovate. Q. H. Native of South Africa at the river Gariep or Orange-river. Like P. hor- ridum. Petals of a scarlet-orange colour. Stigmas 8-rayed. River Gariep Poppy. Fl. Jul. Aug. PI. 3-4 feet. 18 P. ORIENTA'LE (Lin. spec. 727.) capsules smooth, some- what globose ; sepals pilose ; stem 1 -flowered, scabrous, and leafy ; leaves pinnate-parted, hispid ; lobes oblong, serrated. 11 . H. Native of Armenia about Erzerum. Curt. bot. mag. t. 57. P. grandiflorum, Mcench. meth. 247. P. spectabile, Sal. prod. 377. This beautiful plant is very frequent in gardens, where it is a great ornament. Flowers large, one on each stem, of an intense scarlet or blood-colour, usually furnished with a dark-purple mark at the bottom of each petal. A double flowering variety is sometimes seen in the gardens. Calyx ge- nerally of 3 sepals as in Argentine, not as in the rest of Papaver, of 2 sepals. Stigmas usually 12, violet. The green heads of this plant are eaten by the Turks, although they possess an un- pleasant, acrid, and somewhat stinging taste. This may probably be the species that yields the Turkey opium ? Oriented Poppy. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1714. PI. 2-3 feet. 19 P. BRACTEA'TUM (Lindl. coll. t. 23.) flowers furnished with bracteas, 4-5 petalled ; capsules smooth, obovate ; sepals pilose ; stem simple, 1 -flowered, scabrous and leafy ; leaves and bracteas pinnate-parted, hispid ; lobes oblong, serrated. If. . H. Native of Caucasus near Mount Beschtau, and on the sides of mountains. Very like P. orientale, but truly distinct, from the hairs of the calyx and peduncles being appressed, not spread- ing, also from its flowering a little earlier. Ker. bot. reg. t. 658. P. pulcherrimum, Fisch. in litt. Sepals usually 3, as in P. orientale. This is the most splendid of all the poppies, and is one of the greatest ornaments of borders when in flower. Flowers large, scarlet, one on the top of each stem, usually with a dark mark at the bottom of each petal ; stigmas 12-16, violet. Bracteate-fiowered Poppy. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1817. PL 3 to 5 feet. 20 P. PILOSUM (Smith, fl. graec. t. 492.) capsules smooth, obovate ; sepals pilose ; stem many-flowered, hairy, with spread- ing pili ; leaves stem-clasping, cut, pilose on both surfaces. "%.. H. Native of Bithynia on Mount Olympus. Plant about the size of P. somniferwn, but pale green, not glaucous, also the flowers are about the same size, of a pale lurid-scarlet, or of an intense orange colour, with a white mark at the bottom of each petal. Stigmas 6-8. Pilose Poppy. Fl. July. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 21 P. SETIGERUM (D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 585.) capsules smooth, obovate ; sepals rather setose ; stem smooth, few-flowered ; leaves stem-clasping, glaucous, inciso-repand, each tooth termi- nated by a bristle. Q. H. Native of the Stoschades Islands. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 7. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 172. Perhaps this is only the wild plant of P. somniferwn, var. nigrum, which it very much resembles. Flowers of a violet colour or whitish. Stig- mas 6-8-rayed. Bristle-bearing Poppy. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 22 P. SOMNI FERUM (Lin. spec. 736.) capsules obovate or globose, and are as well as the calyx smooth ; stem smooth, glaucous ; leaves stem-clasping, repand- toothed ; teeth bluntish. O- H. Native of the Morea, Egypt, Asia, Europe from Por- tugal to Petersburgh, in fields, Japan, Mauritius, &c. &c. Lam. ill. t. 451. Smith, fl. graec. t. 491. Var. a, nigrum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 82. prod. 1. p. 120.) cap- sules globose opening by holes under the stigmas ; seeds black ; peduncles many. Bull. herb. t. 57. Petals usually purple, sometimes white, and therefore it is perhaps referable to the oleiferous plant called (Eilette. The seed of this variety is commonly called Maw-seed. Var. fi, album (D. C. 1. c.) capsules ovate-globose, not opening by holes under the stigmas ; peduncles solitary ; seeds and petals white. Woodv. med. bot. t. 185. Smith, engl. bot. 2145. A very variable plant about 3 or 4 feet high, very common in fields and gardens. The flowers are either single, semi-double or double, in variety /3, white or red, with petals sometimes fringed, in variety a, purple, rose, or lilac, variegated and edged with the same colours, never blue nor yellow, nor mixed with these colours, generally with a black or purple mark at the bottom of each petal. Petals either entire, toothed, or fringed. Seeds black in the plants with purple flowers, white in those with white flowers, but the plant which grows spontaneous about Peters- burgh has white flowers and black seeds. From the white- seeded variety, and probably from both, opium is obtained from the heads by incision and sometimes by expression. There is also an esculent oil obtained from the seeds of both varieties by expression. According to Linnaeus a capsule of Papaver som- niferum contained 32,000 seeds. Papaver Somriiferum is originally a native of the warmer parts of Asia, but is sometimes found apparently wild in Britain. It is often cultivated in gardens for the variety and beauty of its blossoms as well as for its seeds. Many attempts have been made in this country to obtain opium from its capsules, and Mr. Ball obtained a premium from the Society of Arts for spe- cimens of British opium, in no respect inferior to the best eastern opium. Mr. Young, a respectable surgeon in Edinburgh, has also obtained it of excellent quality and in considerable quantity. But we apprehend the climate, besides the destruction by insects, is an insuperable obstacle to its becoming a profitable branch of horticulture in Britain. It was very early cultivated in Greece, perhaps at first solely for the sake of its seed, which was used as food. It is extensively cultivated in most of the states of Europe in the present age, not only on account of the opium, for which it is reared in Turkey, Persia, and India, but also on account of the capsules and of the bland oil obtained from the seeds. All the parts of the poppy abound in a narcotic milky juice, which is partially extracted, together with a considerable quantity of mucilage by decoction. The liquor is strongly pressed out, suffered to settle, clarified with white of eggs and evaporated to a due consistence, yields about one-fifth or one-sixth of the weight of the heads of extract, which possesses the virtues of opium in a very inferior degree, and does not come to this country unless S 2 132 PAPAVERACE.E. I. PAPAVER. when used to adulterate the genuine opium. The heads are gathered as they ripen, and as this happens at different times, there are annually three or four gatherings. They are brought to market in bags, each containing about 3000 heads and sold to the druggists. The London market is chiefly supplied from Mitcham in Surrey. The heads or capsules possess anodyne pro- perties ; they are chiefly employed boiled in water, as fomentations to inflamed and ulcerated surfaces, and the syrup prepared from them with inspissated decoction, is used as an anodyne for chil- dren, and to allay the tickling cough in chronic catarrh and phthisis. A strong decoction of the dried heads, mixed with as much sugar as is sufficient to reduce it to the consistence of a syrup, becomes fit for keeping in a liquid form, and is the only officinal prepar- ation of the poppy. It is, however, a very unequal preparation, as the real quantity of opium it contains is very uncertain ; as a medicine it is by no means equal to syrup, to which a certain quantity of solution of opium is added. The seeds of the poppy are simply emulsive, and contain none of the narcotic principle. They yield a considerable quantity of oil by expression. The milky juice of the poppy in its more^ierfect state, which is the case in warm climates only, is extracted by incisions made in the capsules and inspissated ; and in this state forms the opium of commerce. The mode of obtaining it seems to have been nearly the same in the time of Dioscorides, as is at this day adopted. The plants, during their growth, are carefully watered and manured, the watering being more profuse as the period of flowering approaches, and until the capsules are half grown, when it is discontinued, and the collection of the opium commences. At sunset longitudinal incisions are made upon each half-ripe capsule, passing below upwards and not penetrating to the in- ternal cavity. The night dews favour the exudation of the juice, which is collected in the morning by women and children, who scrape it from ofF the wounds with a small iron scoop, and de- posit the whole in an earthen pot, where it is worked by wooden spatules in the sunshine, until it attains a considerable degree of thickness. It is then formed by the hand into cakes which are laid in earthen basins to be further exsiccated, when it is covered over with poppy or tobacco leaves. Such is the mode followed in India, and according to Ksempfer's account, nearly the same is practised in Persia ; and when the juice is drawn in a similar manner in this country, and inspissated, it has all the characters of pure opium. Two kinds of opium are found in commerce, distinguished by the names of Turkey and East Indian opium. The Turkey opium is a solid compact perfectly transparent substance, of moderate specific gravity, possessing a considerable degree of tenacity, yet somewhat brittle, if half cut through ; the sec- tion dense and a little shining ; of a dark brown colour, becoming softer by the heat of the fingers, with difficulty reduced to powder, unless in the cold, after having been long dried in small pieces. Powder of a light brown, and readily plastic when baked together ; when moistened marking on paper a light brown interrupted streak, scarcely colouring the saliva when chewed, at least only tinging it of a greenish colour, and rendering it frothy, exciting at first a nauseous bitter taste, which soon becomes acrid with some degree of warmth, and having a peculiar disagreeable smell. The best kind of opium is in flat pieces ; and besides the large leaves in which they are enve- loped, they are covered with the reddish capsules of a species of Rumex used in packing it. The round masses which have none of the capsules adhering to them are evidently inferior in quality. Opium is bad if it is soft or friable, mixed with any impurities, hare an intensely dark or blackish colour, a weak smell, a sweetish taste, or draws upon paper a brown continuous streak. The East Indian opium has much less consistence, being sometimes not thicker than tar, and always ductile. Its colour is much darker ; its taste more nauseous and less bitter, and its smell rather empyreumatic. When imported it is con- siderably cheaper than Turkey opium, and is supposed to be only half the strength. One-eighth of the weight is allowed for the enormous quantity of leaves with which it is enveloped. In the East Indies when opium is not good enough to bring a certain price, it is destroyed under the inspection of public officers. No opium of this kind is now brought to Europe. Mr. Ker relates that at Bahar it is frequently adulterated with cow-dung, the extract of the poppy procured by boiling and various other substances. In Malava it is mixed with oil of Sesamum, which is often one half of the mass ; ashes and dried leaves of the plant are also used. It is also adulterated with the aqueous extract of the capsules ; the extracts of Glaucium luteum, Lactuca virbsa and Glycyrrhiza glabra, and sometimes with gum arabic, tragacanth, aloes, and many other articles. The action of opium on the living system has been the sub- ject of the keenest controversy. Some have asserted that it is a direct sedative, and that it produces no stimulant effects what- ever ; while others have asserted as strongly that it is a powerful and highly diffusible stimulus, and that the sedative effects which it undeniably produces are merely the consequences of previous excitement. The truth appears to be that opium is capable of producing a certain degree of excitement, while the sedative effects which always succeed are incomparably greater than could be produced by the previous excitement. The stimulant effects are most apparent from small doses. These increase the energy of the mind, the frequency of the pulse, and the heat of the body, excite thirst, render the mouth dry and parched, and diminish all the secretions and excretions, except the cuticular discharge, which they increase. These effects are succeeded by languor and lassitude. In larger doses the stimulant effects are not so apparent, but the excitability is remarkably diminished, and confusion, vertigo, and sleep are produced. In excessive doses it proves a violent narcotic poison, exciting headach, ver- tigo, delirium, and convulsions, accompanied with a very slow pulse, stertorous breathing, and a remarkable degree of insen- sibility or stupor, terminated by apoplectic death. The effects of an overdose are best counteracted by the exhibition of re- peated doses of diffusible stimuli, and chiefly by not permitting the person to yield to his desire of sleeping. A solution of an alkaline carbonate should also be injected to decompose the opium and render the morphia insoluble. The exhibition of a powerful emetic, and for this purpose sulphate of zinc or sulphate of copper dissolved in water should be immediately swallowed, and the vomiting kept up for a considerable time and urged by irrita- tion of the fauces. Large draughts of vinegar and water or other acidulated fluids should afterwards be frequently taken, and the powers of the habit supported by brandy, coffee, and cordials. Currie recommends the affusion of warm water at 106 degrees for the removing the drowsiness. By habit the effects of opium on the body are remarkably diminished. There have been instances of four grains proving fatal to adults, while others have been known to consume as many drachms daily. The habitual use of opium produces the same effects with habi- tual dram-drinking ; tremors, paralysis, stupidity, and general emaciation ; and like it can scarcely ever be relinquished. In disease, opium is chiefly employed to mitigate pain, diminish morbid sensibility, procure sleep, allay inordinate actions, and to check diarrhoea and other excessive discharges. It is contra-in- dicated in gastric affections, plethora, a highly inflammatory state of the body, and determination of the blood to particular viscera. The Turks call opium afioni, and in the teriakihana or opium shops of Constantinople they take it in graduated doses from 10 grains to 100 grains in a day. It is mixed with rich syrup and the inspissated juices of fruit to render it more palatable and PAPAVERACE^E. I. PAPAVER. 133 less intoxicating, and is taken with a spoon or made up into lozenges, stamped with the words Mash Allah, literally meaning " The work of God." The Tartar couriers, who travel great distances, and with astonishing rapidity, take nothing else to support them during their journeys (Dall. const, p. 78.). There is, however, some reason to suppose that the Mash Allah or Maslash of the Turks contains other narcotics, as those of hemp Lolium temulentum, as well as opium. The use of opium for the purpose of exhilarating the spirits, has long been known in Turkey, Syria, and China, and of late years it has been unfortunately adopted by many, particularly females, in this country. Russel says that in Syria, when com- bined with spices and other aromatics, he has known it taken to the amount of three drachms in 24 hours. Its habitual use cannot be too much reprobated. It impairs the digestive organs, consequently the vigour of the whole body, and destroys also gradually the mental energies. The effects of opium on those addicted to its use, says Russel, are at first obstinate costiveness, succeeded by diarrhoea and flatulence, with the loss of appetite and a sottish appearance. The memories of those who take it soon fail, they become prematurely old, and then sink into the grave objects of scorn and pity. Mustapha Shatoor, an opium- eater in Smyrna, took daily 3 drachms of crude opium. The visible effects at the time were the sparkling of his eyes and great exhilaration of spirits. He found the desire of increasing his dose growing upon him. He seemed twenty years older than he really was ; his complexion was very sallow, his legs small, his gums eaten away, and his teeth laid bare to the sockets. He could not rise without swallowing half a drachm of opium. (Phil, trans, xix. p. 289.) M. Sertuerner infused four ounces of powdered opium in repeated portions of cold distilled water, and filtered the solu- tion through cloth. It was evaporated in a glass vessel, with a gentle heat, to 8 ounces ; which, after standing 8 days, depo- sited 6 grains of sulphate of potass. The remaining fluid was diluted with distilled water, and yielded a flocculent pre- cipitate on the addition of caustic ammonia, which, after being washed successively with sulphuric ether, caustic ammonia, and alcohol, yielded 3 drachms of a fine brownish-white pow- der, to which M. Sertuerner gave the name of Morphium, now Morphia, and which may be further purified by solution in boiling alcohol. It seemed to be perfectly free from ammonia yet it possessed all the characteristics of genuine alkali, colour- ing rhubarb brown and fernambuc violet, and forming neutral salts with acids. It has a peculiar bitter astringent taste, and its solution leaves a red stain on the skin. Its crystals are very obtuse, single or double pyramids, with a square or long rectangular base, or prisms with trapezoid base. It dissolves in 82 parts of boiling water, from which it crystallizes on cooling ; in 36 of boiling and 42 of cold alcohol, and in 8 of sulphuric ether. The fluid from which the Morphia was precipitated, after being heated to 120° Fah. to expel the ammonia, was fil- tered, and a solution of muriate of barytes or of acetate of lead, added as long as there was any precipitate. The white preci- pitate, when washed and dried, weighed 7 drachms, and consisted of the barytes mixed with a new acid, to which M. Sertuerner gave the name of Meconic, and which he separated by sulphuric acid. This mode of obtaining it has not, however, succeeded with others, but M. Choulant, by mixing the meconate of barytes with an equal weight of vitreous boracic acid, and subliming, ob- tained the meconic acid in the form of shining scales of a fine white salt. Its taste is at first sour and cooling, but afterwards unpleasantly bitter. It reddens vegetative blues, and combines with alkalies and earths, and gives a cherry red colour to solu- tions of iron ; its crystals are quadrangular tables, and it is soluble in twice its weight in water and also in alcohol and ether. When purified by repeated solutions, it crystallized in rectan- gular prisms, with rhomboidal bases. It was solid, white, had no taste or smell, was insoluble in cold water and soluble in 400 parts of boiling water, did not affect vegetable blues, was soluble in 24 parts of boiling alcohol, and 110 cold, as well as in hot ether and oil of almonds and olives below the boiling temperature, &c. When burnt it gives out a thick smoke and ammoniacal odour. It was supposed by Sertuerner to be me- conate of Morphia, but Robiquet considered it as a peculiar prin- ciple which he has called Narcotin, and has shewn that it may be obtained almost pure by acting upon the soft watery extract of opium by ether, which dissolves scarcely any thing but the Narcotin. M. Robiquet has altered and improved upon Ser- tuerner's process for obtaining Morphia by boiling the watery solution of opium with pure magnesia, and then extracting the Morphia from the precipitate of alcohol. So far as it has been analyzed, the essential constituents of opium seem to be 1 . mor- phia, 2. narcotin, 3. meconic acid, 4. an unnamed acid, 5. a substance like caoutchouc, 6. -one like febrin, 7. a resin, 8. gum. Opium is not fusible, but is softened even by the heat of the fingers. It is highly inflammable. It is partially soluble botli in alcohol and in water. The solutions of opium are transparent, and have a brown and vinous colour. The watery solution is not decomposed by alcohol. The narcotic virtues of opium are imparted by distillation to alcohol and to water ; and they are diminished, or entirely dissipated, by long boiling, roasting, or great age. The part of opium which is not soluble either in water or alcohol is chiefly caoutchouc. By evaporating a watery solution of opium to the consistence of syrup Desrosnes ob- tained a precipitate which was increased by diluting the extract with a little cold water. He dissolved this in hot alcohol, from which it again separated on cooling. M.M. Orfila and Magendie have each made experiments to ascertain the effects of the various principles contained in opium, but these physiologists do not agree in their results. Pure crys- tallized morphia has little or no effect, on account of its little solu- bility in the juices of the stomach ; but all its solutions in acids, oil, and alcohol, excite the same narcotic effects as the opium itself, and in a smaller dose. Magendie considers the narcotin as the exciting principle of opium ; but this is denied by Orfila, who asserts that it produces nausea, vomiting, debility, accele- rated circulation, and death, without the vertigo or affection of the senses, palsy of the extremities, plaintive cries or convulsions, which arise from morphia. Opium has been used with good effects in numerous diseases, particularly in intermittent fevers ; typhoid fevers, accompanied with watchfulness and diarrhoea. When combined wilh calomel, it has lately been much employed in inflammations from local causes, such as wounds, fractures, burns, absorption of morbid poisons, as in swelled testicles, and even in active inflammation, accompa- nied with watchfulness, pain, and spasm, after blood-letting. In small pox, when the convulsions before eruption are frequent, or when the accompanying fever is of a typhoid type, opium is libe- rally used : it is likewise given from the fifth day onwards, and is found to allay the pain of suppuration, to promote the ptyalism, and to be otherwise useful. In dysentery, after the use of gentle laxatives, or along with them, opium, independently of any effect it may have on the fever, is of consequence in allaying the tor- mina and tenesmus, and in obviating that laxity of bowels, which so often frequently remain after that disease. In diarrhoea the disease itself generally carries off any offending acrimony ; and then or after purgatives opium is used with great effect even in the most symptomatic cases it seldom fails to alleviate. In cholera and pyrosis it is the best remedy. It is given to allay the pain, and favour the descent of calculi, and to give relief to jaundice and dysuria, proceeding from spasm. In colic it is 134 PAPAVERACE.E. II. ARGEMONE. employed with laxatives, and often prevents ileus and inflam- mation, by relieving the spasm. Even in ileus it is sometimes used to allay the vomiting, the spasms, and the pain. It is of acknowledged use in different species of tetanus ; affords relief to the various spasmodic symptoms of dyspepsia, hysteria, hypo- chondriasis, asthma, rabies canina, &c. and has been found useful in some kinds of epilepsy. In syphilis it is useful in combating symptoms, and in counteracting the effects resulting from the improper use of mercury. It is found useful in certain cases of threatened abortion and lingering delivery, in convulsions during parturition, and in after pains and excessive flooding. The ad- ministration of opium to the unaccustomed is sometimes very difficult. The requisite quantity is wonderfully different in dif- ferent persons, and in different states of the same person. A quarter of a grain will in one adult produce effects which ten times the quantity will not do in another ; and a dose that might prove fatal in cholera or colic, would not be perceptible in many cases of tetanus or mania. When given in too small a dose it is apt to produce disturbed sleep, and other disagreeable conse- quences ; but sometimes a small dose has the desired effect, while a larger one gives rise to vertigo and delirium ; and with some constitutions it does not agree in any dose or form. Its stimu- lant effects are most certainly produced by the repetition of small doses, its anodyne by the giving of a full dose at once. In some it seems not to have its proper effect till after a considerable time. The operation of a moderate dose is supposed to last in general about eight hours from the time of taking it. Externally opium is used to diminish pain, and remove spasmodic affections. It is found particularly serviceable in chronic ophthalmia, when accom- panied with morbidly increased sensibility. Opium is exhibited in various ways, or in combination with aromatics, astringents, camphor, soap, emetics, bitters, distilled waters, mucilage, syrups, acids, carbonate of ammonia, ether, acetate of lead, potass, and unctuous substances, &c. ; but made up in substance in the form of a pill, lozenge or electuary are its most efficient forms. Sleep-bearing, or Common, or Opium Poppy. Fl. July, Aug. PI. S-4-feet. 23 P. CAUCA'SICUM (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 5.) capsules ovate- oblong, smooth ; stem much branched, and is, as well as the pe- duncles, beset with deciduous bristles ; leaves glaucous, pinna- tifid ; lobes ovate-oblong, each terminated by a bristle. O- H. Native of gravelly places towards Caucasus, about the falls of the Terek, and about the bottom of mount Kasbeck ; at the falls of Chodjal ; also in Iberia about Tiflis. Sims, bot. mag. 1672. A glaucous branching plant. Petals very fuga- ceous, colour of those of Glaucium corniculatiim, and about the size of those of P. Rhce'as. Capsules small, crowned by a •5-8-angled stigma. Caucasian Poppy. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1813. PI. 1 foot. 24 P. ARMENIA ACUM (Lam. diet. 1. p. 247.) capsules elliptical- oblong, and are, as well as the calyx, smooth ; stem much branched, smoothish ; leaves pinnate ; lobes linear, each termi- nated by a bristle. O-H. Native of Armenia. Argemone Armeniaca, Lin. spec. 727. Very like P. Caucdsicum. Flowers red ; stigma pyramidal. The Argemone Armeniaca of Sab. hort. rom. 4. t. 66. has the calyx 3-valved, and hispid capsules ; and therefore differs from this plant. Armenian Poppy. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1815. PI. 1 f.? 25 P. FU'GAX (Poir. diet. 5. p. 118.) capsules ovate, and are, as well as the calyx, smooth ; stem much branched, twiggy, and is, as well as the peduncles, nearly smooth ; leaves pinnatifid ; lobes lanceolate, each terminated by a bristle. Q. H. Native of Persia, on mount Elwend. Petals fugacious, of a pale car- mine colour. Capsule crowned by a 4-5-angled pyramidal stigma. /"ttgactotw-petalled Poppy. Fl.Jun. July. Clt. 1827. PI. 1 ft. 26 P. TURBINA'TUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 84.) capsules turbinate, and are, as well as the calyx, smooth ; stem few-flowered ; pe- duncles with a few spreading bristles ; leaves pinnatifid ; lobes ovate, entire, not terminated at top by a bristle. Q. H. Na- tive of the East, between Bagdad and Kermancha. Petals almost like those of P. dubium, and of the same colour. Stigmas 6-7- rayed. Herb glaucous. Zwr&maZe-capsuled Poppy. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. + A species not sufficiently known. 27 P.? INTEGRIFOLIUM (Vig. diss. 38.) I/ ? O 1 Native of Spain. Bocc. mus. p. 77. t. 65. f. 1. Barr. obs. p. 47. t. 1191. Perhaps this is a variety of P. Rhcfas ; but, according to the ob- servations of Bertoloni, it is nothing more than a bad figure of Seribla JEthnensis before flowering. Cult. Shewy plants with flowers of various hues. The pe- rennial species may be increased by dividing the plants at the roots, but the common and best way is by seeds. The annual kinds may be sown in the open border, about the middle or end of March, where they are intended to remain, as they do not bear transplanting. They all thrive best in a light rich soil. The P. nudicaule and varieties, microcarpum, rubro-aurantiacum, pyre- ntiicum and varieties, and P. alpinum, are beautiful little plants, and should be kept as alpines, in pots ; or otherwise they are very apt to damp off in the winter, especially in the neighbourhood of London. II. ARGEMO^NE (from argema, cataract of the eye, which is derived from apyoj, argos, white. The name apye/iwi-j/ was given by the Greeks to a plant, which was supposed to cure ca- taract of the eye.) Tour. inst. 239. t. 121. Lin. gen. no. 649. Gsert. fruct. 1. p. 287. t. 60. Lam. ill. t. 452. Juss. gen. 236. D. C. syst. 2. p. 85. prod. 1. p. 120. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Monogynia. Sepals 2 or 3, concave, mucronate. Petals 4-6. Stamens indefinite. Style scarcely any. Stigmas 4-6, radiating, pitted, free. Capsules obovate, 1 -celled ; valves 4-6, opening at the top ; placentas linear. Seeds spherical, scrobiculate. Annual glaucous herbs, abounding in a yellow juice, and covered with stiff prickles. Leaves sessile, repand-sinuated ; usually spotted or painted with white ; recesses spiny-toothed. Peduncles axillary, always erect. Flowers from yellow to white. 1 A. MEXICANA (Lin. spec. 727.) leaves profoundly repand- sinuated, spiny, blotched with white ; flowers solitary ; calyx smooth; capsules prickly, 3-4-valved; petals 4-6 ; stigmas 4-5. O- H. Native of Mexico, Louisiana, and from Florida to Canada, West Indies, Brazils, Africa, St. Helena, Ascension, East Indies, Sandwich Islands, &c. Curt. bot. mag. t. 243. Sab. hort. rom. 4. t. 6.5. Mill. fig. 1. t. 50. A. spinosa, Mcench. raeth. 227. A. versicolor, Sal. prod. 376. Ecthrus trivialis, Lour, cochin. 1. p. 421. This plant is called by the Spaniards in Mexico Figo del inferno, or Devil's Jig. In the West Indies it is called Yellow thistle. An oil is expressed from the seeds of this plant, which is used in Mexico for shining wood. The yellow juice with which the plant abounds, when reduced to a consistence, is not distin- guishable from gamboge. In very small doses it is probably of equal efficacy, given in dropsies, jaundice, and cutaneous erup- tions. It is esteemed very detersive, and generally used in dis- eases of the eyes ; but the infusion is looked upon as a sudorific and resolutive. The seeds are said to be a much stronger nar- cotic than opium. Mexican Poppy. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1592. 2 A. ALBIFI.6RA (Horn. hort. hafn. 469. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2342.) leaves sessile, feather -nerved ; petals usually only 3. O- H. Native of Georgia and Louisiana. Flowers white. A. Mexicana /3, albiflora, D. C. syst. 2. p. 86. prod. 1. p. 120. PAPAVERACEjE. III. MECONOPSIS. IV. STYLOPHORUM. V. HUNNEMANIA. 135 White-flowered Mexican Poppy. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PL 1 foot. 3 A. OCIIROLEU CA (Sweet, brit. fl. gard. t. 242.) leaves pro- foundly sinuated or pinnatifid, glaucescent ; nerves with prickly bristles ; flowers solitary ; stamens few ; capsules oblong, deeply 5-6-furrowed, covered with somewhat reflexed prickles ; stigmas 5-6, distinct, spreading, purple. Q. H. Native of Mexico. Leaves blotched with white. Flowers pale-yellow ; calyx of 3- sepals ; petals 6, crenated. Stem prickly. Cream-flowered Mexican Poppy. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1827. PL 2-4 feet. 4 A. GRANDIFLORA (Sweet brit. fl. gard. t. 226.) leaves sinu- ated, smooth, spiny-toothed ; nerves unarmed ; flowers panicled, polyandrous ; calyx smooth ; capsules bluntly quadrangular, al- most unarmed. l/.H. or0. H. Native of Mexico. Flowers large, white. Stigmas 4, with as many pale-blue pits. Anthers yellow. Plants raised from seed, not flowering till October ; but when the roots have existed through the winter, they will flower early in the summer. Great-flowered Mexican Poppy. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1827. PL 2-3 feet. Cult. Argemone is a genus of beautiful hardy annuals, and should be sown in the open flower-border about the end of March or beginning of April ; or the rarer kinds may be sown on a hot- bed, and afterwards planted out into the borders. III. MECONO'PSIS (from firjKiay, mekon, a poppy ; and o^ic, opsis, resemblance ; appearance of plants.) Vig. diss. p. 20 and 48. f. 3. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 586. syst. 2. p. 86. prod. 1. p. 120. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Monogynia. Sepals 2, pilose. Petals 4. Stamens indefinite. Style short. Stigmas 5-6, radiated, convex, free. Capsules obovate, 1-celled ; valves 5-6, open- ing at the top ; placentas thin, narrow, hardly drawn out on the inside into narrow membranes. A perennial herb, abounding in a yellow juice. Leaves pinnate, glaucous underneath. Pe- duncles long, inflexed, before the expansion of the flower ; hence the flower-bud is drooping. Flowers yellow, erect. A genus be- tween Papdver and Argemone. 1 M. CA'MBRICA (Vig. diss. p. 48. f. 3.) capsules smooth ; leaves numerous on the lower part of the stem, pinnate, stalked ; lobes toothed, somewhat decurrent. 1£.H. Native of many parts of Europe, especially in the Pyrenees, Russia, France, &c. in shady humid places; and Britain particularly North Wales, about Llanbarris ; about Kendal, Westmoreland; in shady lanes near Kirkby Lonsdale. P. Cambrieum, Lin. spec. 727. Engl. hot. t. 66. — Dill. elth. 300. t. 223. f. 290. P. luteum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 173. P. flavum, Mcench. meth. 247. Arge- mone Cambrica, Desp. in diet. sci. nat. 2. p. 481. Flowers about the size of those of P. Rhofas. Petals very fugaceous, of a sul- phur-yellow colour. Welsh Poppy. Fl. May, August. England and Wales. PI. 1 foot. Cult. The Welsh Poppy is rather an ornamental plant. It grows best in a rich light soil, in a shady situation. It may be either increased by dividing the plants at the root or by seeds. IV. STYLO'PHORUM (from opea>, phoreo, to bear ; having long styles.) Nutt. gen. 2. p. 8. Mecanopsis, sect. Stylophorum, D. C. syst. 2. p. 87. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Monogynia. Sepals 2, pilose, decidu- ous. Petals 4. Style long, columnar. Stigma 4-lobed or entire. Capsule oblong or globose, 4-valved, echinated, opening at the top. Placentas narrow. Perennial herbs, yielding a yellow juice, with undivided or pinnate leaves. Peduncles inflexed before the expansion of the flower, and sometimes ever after. Flowers yel- low or crimson. 1 M. PETIOLA'TUM (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 8.) capsules echi- nated ; leaves pinnate, stalked, smooth, 2-3 on each stem ; leaf- lets 5. If. . H. Native of North America, in woods on the banks of the river Ohio. Meconopsis petiolata, D. C. syst. 2. p. 87. S. Ohiense, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 570. Leaves pin- nate ; lobes 5, oblong, toothed ; teeth blunt. Flowers deep yel- low, about the size of those of Glaucium flavum. Stigma 4-fur- rowed. Capsule bristly. Seeds crested at the hilum. Stalked-leaved Stylophorum. Fl. May, June. PI. 1 foot. 2 S. DIPHY'LUJM (Nutt. gen. 2. p. 7.) capsules ? leaves 2, pinnatifid, sessile, rather pilose. Tf.. H. Native of North America, along the sides of rivulets, and in shady woods of Ken- tucky and Tennessee, and on the banks of the river Missouri. Chelidonium diphyllum, Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 309. Meco- nopsis diphylla, D. C. syst. 2. p. 88. Plant smaller than the S. petioldtum, and less glaucous, and furnished with shining hairs. Leaves 2 on each stem, lobately-pinnatifid ; lobes roundish or blunt. Peduncles usually proliferous. Flowers yellow. Cap- sule bristly. Two-leaved Stylophorum. Fl. March, May. PI. 1 foot. 3 S. PANICULA'TUM ; plant very bristly ; stem branched ; cau- line leaves undivided, oblong, sessile ; flowers panicled ; capsules spherical, beset with imbricate bristles. 1£. F. Native of Nipaul in Gosaingsthan, where it is called Espoo sma by the natives. Meconopsis Napaulensis, D. C. prod. 1. p. 121. S. Napalensis, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 570. Papaver paniculatum, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 197. Flowers crimson or yellow, about the size of those of Papaver Rhce as. Calyx beset with starry down. Style erect, cylindrical, half an inch long. Stigma capitate, entire. Herb very poisonous. Panicled-fiovrered Stylophorum. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 4 S. SIMPLICIFOLIUM ; plant beset with bristles ; leaves un- divided, lanceolate, obtuse, quite entire, stalked ; scape 1 -flow- ered ; flower nodding ; capsules oblong, very bristly. %.. H. Native of Nipaul in Gosaingsthan in the alpine region of the Himalaya, where it is called Ohaee and Themei-Sowang by the natives. Papaver simplicifolium, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 197. Flowers crimson, with a dark purple claw at the base of each petal. Anthers spirally twisted. Style cylindrical, thick, one- half the length of the ovary. Stigma capitate, tetragonal. Simple-leaved Stylophorum. PL 1J foot. Cult. A beautiful genus of plants. The species require to be planted in a shady situation, in a light rich soil. They may be either increased by dividing the plants at the roots or by seeds. They will all require to be protected during winter by a frame.'f V. HUNNEMA'NIA (John Hunneman, a very zealous bo- tanist, who has introduced more plants into Britain than any other individual.) Sweet, brit. fl. gard. 3. t. 276. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Monogynia. Sepals 2, concave, deci- duous. Petals 4 (f. 39. a.). Stamens numerous ; anthers linear (f. 39. 6.). Ovary oblong; style short, permanent ; stigma pel- tate, 4-furrowed, obsoletely 4-lobed. Capsule silique-formed, rather compressed, 10-ribbed, 1-celled, 2-valved; valves bear- ing many seeds at the edges (f. 39. e.). Seeds rather globose, tubercled on the outside. Albumen cartilaginous. — An erect somewhat suffruticose plant, with decompound glaucous leaves and solitary terminal yellow flowers, like those of Eschscholtzia Californica. 136 PAPAVERACE^E. VI. SANGUINARIA. VII. BOCCONIA. FIG. 39. 1 H. FUMARLEF6LIA (Sweet. 1. c.) leaves decompound and triter- nate, glaucous ; leaflets linear, blun- tish. $ . or Jj . F. Native of Mexi- co, (f. 39.) Fumitory - leaved Hunnemania. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1827. PI. 2 to 3 feet. Cult. This beautiful plant will require to be sheltered through the winter by a frame. In the sum- mer it will grow very well in the open border, or against a wall. It may be either increased by seeds or cuttings ; the former method is by far the best. VI. SANGUINARIA (from sanguu, blood; because all parts of the plant, especially the roots, yield a red juice when cut or broke.) Dill. hort. elth. 252. Lin. gen. no. 645. Lam. ill. t. 449. Juss. gen. p. 236. D. C. syst. 2. p. 88. prod. 1. p. 121. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Sepals 2, ovate, cadu- cous. Petals 8-12. Stamens 24. Stigma bisulcate. Capsules oblong, 2-valved, ventricose, acute at both ends ; valves deci- duous ; placentas 2, permanent. A small perennial American herb, abounding in a blood-coloured juice, with one leaf and one scape rising from each bud. Flowers white. 1 S. CANADE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 734.) 2/.H. Native of North America in dry woods in a fertile soil, from Canada to Florida, and on the banks of the river Delaware. Curt. bot. mag. t. 162. Bigel. med. bot. 1. p. 75. t. 7. Trunk of root horizontal, sub- terraneous, yielding a red juice when cut. Leaf radical, kidney- shaped, lobed like the leaf of the fig. Scape 4 inches high, 1- flowered. Flowers double or single, large or small. The whole plant dyes yellow, and is called by the indigenous Americans Puccoon, and not inaptly by the farriers Turmeric. The medical properties of Sanguinaria are those of an acrid narcotic. When taken in a large dose it irritates the fauces, leaving an impression in the throat for a considerable time after it is swallowed. It occasions heart-burn, nausea, faintness, vertigo, and diminished vision. At length it vomits, but in this operation it is less certain than other emetics in common use. The above effects are produced by a dose of from eight to twenty grains of the fresh powdered root. When given in smaller doses, such as produce only nausea, it has been found useful in several complaints. In still smaller doses, or such as do not excite nausea, it has acquired some reputation as a tonic-stimulant. Professor Smith of Hanover, New Hampshire, found the powder to operate violently as an emetic, and produced great prostration of strength during its operation. Snuffed up the nose it proved sternutatory, and left a sensation of heat for some time. Applied to fungous flesh, it proved escharotic, and several polypi of the soft kind were cured by it in his hands. He found it of great use in the incipient stages of pulmonary consumption, given in as large doses as the stomach would bear, and repeated in cases of great irritation, he combined it with opium. Some other com- plaints were benefitted by it, such as acute rheumatism and jaundice. Professor Ives of New Haven, North America, con- siders the Blood-root an important remedy in many diseases, particularly of the lungs and liver. He observed, that in typhoid pneumonia, in plethoric constitutions, when respiration is very difficult, of greater benefit than any other remedy ; in such cases the dose must be large, and repeated until it excites vomiting or relieves the symptoms. He infuses from a scruple to half a drachm of the powdered root in half a gill of hot water, and gives one or two tea-spoonfuls every half hour in urgent cases. This treatment has often removed the symptoms in half an hour. Dr. Ives thinks highly of its use in influenza and pthisis, and particularly in hooping cough. In large doses to produce vomiting, he says, it often removes the croup. Dr. Macbride of Charlestown says, the Blood-root is useful in hydro- thorax, given in doses of sixty drops three times a day, and in- creased until nausea followed each dose. He prefers the pill or powder in a dose of two to five grains, and vinous infusion to the spirituous tincture. The tincture may be made by digesting an ounce of the powdered root in eight ounces of diluted alcohol. This preparation possesses all the bitterness, but less of the nau- seating qualities, than the infusion. In the dose of a small tea- spoonful it is used by many practitioners as a stimulating tonic, capable of increasing the appetite and promoting digestion. Canadian Blood-root or Puccoon. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1680. PI. i to j foot. Cult. This being a dwarf plant should be planted near the front of the flower border ; it will thrive well in a light sandy loam or peat soil, and it is easily increased by dividing the roots or by seeds. VII. BOCCO'NIA (in honour of Paolo Bocconi, M. D. a Sici- lian botanist, author of the Museum des Plantes, and Histoire Naturelle de Vile de Corse, &c. died 1704.) Plum. gen. 35. t. 25. Lin. gen. no. 591. Juss. gen. 236. Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 204. t. 44. f. 1. D. C. syst. 2. p. 89. prod. 1. p. 121. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Sepals 2, ovate, deci- duous. Petals none. Stamens 8-24. Stigmas 2, spreading. Capsules tvvo-valved, elliptical, 1 -seeded. Seed 1, erect, fixed to the bottom of the capsule, inwrapped in soft pulp at the base ; hilum filiform ; albumen fleshy. Embryo very minute, erect. American shrubs from 2 to 10 feet high, abounding in a yellow juice. Leaves stalked, glaucous, form of those of the oak. Flowers in terminal panicles, with the branches and branch- lets furnished each with one bractea. This genus does not well agree with the rest of Papaveracece, from its 1-seeded capsules, as well as in the flower being destitute of petals. 1 B. FRUTE'SCENS (Lin. spec. 634.) leaves oval-oblong, cu- neated at the base, pinnatifid. Jj . S. Native of Mexico, Cuba, St. Domingo, Jamaica, Guadaloupe, on the mountains. Lam. ill. t. 394. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 83. B. quercifolia, Mcench. suppl. 122. B. glauca, Sal. prod. 377. The juice of this shrub is acrid, and is used in the West Indies to take off warts. far. ft, cernua (Moc. et Sesse icon. fl. mex. ined.) perennial; scapes 1 -flowered. Var. y, subtomentosa (Lher. in herb. Dombey.) leaves on the under surface, especially at the nerves, somewhat tomentose ; lobes much crenated. Tj . S. Native of Peru. This variety is called by the Peruvians Palo de Tinto or Palo Amar'Mo. The sepals of all the varieties are more or less brown. Frutescent Tree Celandine. Fl. Jan. April, in its native coun- try. Britain, Oct. to Jan. Clt. 1739. Shrub 3 to 10 feet. 2 B. INTEGRIFO'LIA (H. B. et Kth. nov. pi. gen. 1. p. 119. t. 35.) leaves oblong, tapering towards each end, entire, or scarcely crenated. Pj . S. Native of Peru on the Andes towards Casca. Leaves flat. Panicles crowded. Flowers greenish. Far. p, Mexicana (D. C. syst. 2. p. 91.) margins of leaves somewhat revolute ; panicles loose, fj . S. Native of New Spain. Flowers green or brownish. Entire-leaved Tree Celandine. Fl.? Clt. 1822. Shrub 9 ft. Cult. Shrubs with fine foliage but with insignificant bloom. They grow well in a rich light soil. Ripened cuttings root readily, under a hand-glass in a pot of sand, plunged in a mode- rate heat, or they may be increased by seed, which usually ripen in plenty. PAPAVERACE^E. VIII. MACLEAYA. IX. ESCHSCHOLZIA. X. ROMERIA. XI. GLAUCIUM. 137 C" VIII. MACLEAYA (Alexander MacLeay, F.R.S. F. L. S. colonial secretary New South Wales, a profound entymologist) R. Br. in Clapp. and Denham's trav. append, p. 18. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Monogynia. Sepals 2, caducous (f. 40. a.). Petals none. Stamens 24-28 (f. 40. 6.). Stigmas 2 (f. 40. c.) spreading. Capsule elliptical, with many-seeded placentas. Seeds fixed to parietal placentas. Albumen fleshy. Embryo very minute, erect. A perennial herbaceous plant, 4 or 5 feet high, with roundish cordate, ob- FIG 40 soletely-lobed leaves, glaucous on the under surface. Flowers dis- posed in large panicles, brown- ish. 1 M. CORDA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) I/ . H. Native of China. Boc- conia cordata, Willd. spec. 2. p. p. 841. Jacq. fragm. 63. t. 93. f. 1. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1905 (f. 40.). Cordate-leaved Macleaya. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1795. PI. 3-5 ft. Cult. This is a very ornamental, stately, herbaceous plant, when grown in a rich soil ; it is easily increased by dividing the roots in spring. IX. ESCHSCHO'LZIA (in honour of Fred. Eschscholz, M.D. a celebrated naturalist, who accompanied Kotzebue round the world.) Cham, in horffi, phys. berol. p. 74. t. 15. Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 34. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Tetragynia* Calyx mitre-shaped, deciduous (f. 41. f.), never separating into 2 sepals. Petals 4 (f. 41. o.), with their claws inserted into the throat of the recep- tacle. Receptacle dilated, with an expanded, fringed, or entire border (f. 41. &.). Stamens indefinite. Styles 4, 2 long and 2 short (f. 41. c.). Capsules silique-formed (f. 41. .)• Petals 4, (f. 42. h. 6.) irregular, usually connected at the base, sometimes all free, sometimes only with the lower one free, (f. 42. £.), and the rest connected, the 2 exterior ones alternating with the sepals, sometimes both are equally drawn out at the base into a hollow spur, or gibbosity, (f. 24. o.) sometimes with the lower one flat, and the upper one with a spur, (f. 42. h. k.) or gibbosity at the base. Stamens 6, connected together into 2 bundles, (f. 42. j. 44. e.) very rarely all free ; these bundles appear as if they were 3-anthered filaments, (f. 42.J. 44. e.) or the filament bearing an 8- celled anther, the lateral anthers being 1 -celled, the intermediate ones 2-celled. Ovary 1, (f. 42. c.) constantly of 2-connected car- pels (f. 42. e.). Style filiform (f. 42. z.). Stigma bilamellate, (f. 42. d.~). Capsules dry, of various forms, sometimes silique-formed (f. 42. e. f. 44. 6.) with opposite valves, and 2 nerve-formed per- manent placentas at the sutures, many-seeded, sometimes 2-valved 2-seeded, with the valves connected and indehiscent, sometimes valveless and 1 -seeded, (f. 42. m. n.) from abortion ; sometimes baccate, many-seeded, (f. 43. g. p.) Seeds fixed to the lateral pla- centas, (f. 42. g. f. 44. 6.), horizontal, ovate-globose, shining, black, furnished at the base with aril or a caruncle. Albumen fleshy. Embryo in the seeds of indehiscent fruit small and straight, those in the dehiscent capsules longer and a little arched. Cotyledons oblong, flat. Herbs yielding a watery juice. Roots annual or perennial, fibrous or tuberous. Stems annual, herba- ceous, usually angular. Leaves usually decompound, from the petiole being branched, smooth. Racemes terminal, or opposite the leaves. Bracteas membranous, one under each pedicel, as well as furnished with sepal-like bracteoles on each pedicel. Flowers purple, white, or yellow, emulating those of Polygala. The herbs are bitter and scentless ; they are reckoned slightly diaphoretic and aperient. The juice was prescribed by old prac- titioners against obstructions of the viscera and liver, but is more especially used for curing various cutaneous eruptions. This order differs from Papaveracece, to which it is very closely allied, in abounding in watery juice, instead of a milky juice, and in the petals being irregular, usually connected, as well as in the stamens being diadelphous. It differs from Cruciferce in the calyx being of 2 sepals, as well as in the structure of the petals and seeds, and disposition of the stamens. The plants contained in Fumariacece are all natives of the temperate zones. Synopsis of the Genera. I. DIELY'TRA. Petals 4, the 2 outer equally spurred or gib- bous at the base, (f. 42. o.). Silique 2-valved, many-seeded, (f. 42. i. o. p.). II. DACTYLICA'PNOS. Petals 4, deciduous, (f. 43. a.); the 2 exterior ones sessile, gibbous at the base ; the 2 inner ones on long claws, (f. 43. c.). Berries cylindrical-oblong, (f. 43. g.) many-seeded, (f. 43. p.). III. ADLU' MIA. Petals 4, connected together into a monope- talous, spongy, permanent corolla, which is not gibbous at the base, (f. 42. a.) Silique 2-valved, many-seeded, (f. 42. e.) (f. 42. a. 6. c. d. e.). IV. CYSTICA'PNOS. Petals 4, one of which is gibbous at the base. Capsule bladdery, many-seeded, (f. 42. /. g.). V. CORY'DALIS. Petals 4, one of which is spurred at the base, (f. 44.) Silique 2-valved, compressed, many-seeded, (f. 44. &.). T2 140 FUMARIACEvE. I. DIELYTRA. II. DACTYLICM-NOS. FIG. 42. VI. SAHCOCA'PNOS. Petals 4, one of which has a spur at the base, (f. 42. h.) Capsule 2-valved, in- dehiscent, 2-seeded, (f. 42. h. i.j.). VII. FUMA'RIA. One of the pe- tals gibbous or spurred at the base, (f. 42. k.) Capsule indehiscent, 1- seeded, (f. 42. m. ».). VIII. DISCOCA'PNOS. One of the petals with an obtuse spur at the base. Capsule indehiscent, 1-seed- ed, flat, girded by a wing in the centre. I. DIELYTRA (from oif, dis, double ; and tXvrpov, elytron, a sheath ; alluding to the two sheath-like spurs at the base of the flower.) Borckh. in Rom. arch. 2. p. 46. D. C. syst. 2. p. 107. prod. 1. p.' 125. LIN. SYST. Diadelphia, Hexandria. Petals 4, the 2 exterior ones equally spurred or gibbous at the base (f. 42. o.). Stamens 6, altogether free (f. 42. p.), or approximating into two bundles, or joined at the top (f. 42. g.), and free at the base, (f. 42. p.). Capsules 2-valved, many-seeded. Perennial herbs with tuberous, horizontal, or fibrous roots. Leaves stalked, multifid, usually all radical, seldom cauline. Flowers racemose, white or purple. 1 D. CUCULLA'RIA (B.C. syst. 2. p. 108.) spurs 2, straight, acute ; scape naked ; raceme simple. % . H. Native of North Ame- rica, in rich mould among rocks on the sides of hills, from Canada to Virginia ; also in the Alleghany mountains, and common on the subalpine regions of the Blue mountains, in open woody places. Fumaria cucullaria, Lin. spec. 983. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1127. Corydalis cucullaria, Pers. ench. 2. p. 269. Cucullaria bul- bosa, Raf. in Desv. journ. bot. 1809. 2. p. 159. Root tuberous, of a very bitter taste. Flowers unilateral, white, but yellow at the tip. 1'his plant is aptly called in America Dutchman's Breeches, alluding to the two horns at the base of the flower. Var. ft; divaricata (D. C. syst. 1. c.) spurs divaricate. Fu- maria cucullaria, Mill. diet. no. 9. Perhaps a proper species. This is the D. cucullaria of Hook, fl. bor. amer. 35. tfoorferf-spurred Dielytra. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1731. PI. | foot. 2 D. BRACTEOSA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 109.) spurs 2, straight, acute ; stem leafy ; bracteas cut. I/ . H. Native of North America? Corydalis bracteosa, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 162. Very like D. cucullaria, but differing in its smaller stature, and the lobes of the leaves being fewer, broader, and a little shorter, as well as in the bracteas being cut. Root tuberous. Flowers white, tipped with yellow. Bracleate Dielytra. Fl. May, July. Cult. 1823. PI. | foot. 3 D. FORMOSA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 109.) spurs 2, short, some- what incurved, blunt ; scape naked ; racemes rather compound ; stigma 2-angled. I/ . H. Native of North America, on the cliffs of shady rocks, on the tops of the mountains in Virginia, Carolina, and Canada ; also at Nootka Sound. Fumaria formosa, Andr. bot. rep. 393. Sims, bot. mag. 1335. Corydalis formosa, Pursh fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 462. Coryd. biaurita, Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 668 ? Roots horizontal. Flowers bright-red. Beautiful Dielytra. Fl. May, Jul. Cult. 1796. 4 D. EXI'MIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 109.) spurs 2, somewhat in- curved, blunt, short ; scape naked ; racemes compound ; stigma 4-angled. ^.H. Native of North America, at Nootka Sound. Fumaria eximia, Ker. in bot. reg. 1. t. 50. Corydalis eximia, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 162. An elegant plant, very like D. formosa, PI. | foot. but larger in all its parts, of a paler green colour. Root hori- zontal. Flowers rose-coloured. Choke Dielytra. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1812. PI. £ foot. 5 D. SPECTA'BILIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 110.) spurs 2, very blunt, ventricose, short ; stem leafy ; segments of leaves obovate-cune- ate, cut. I/ . H. Native of Siberia, on the frontiers of China, and in the north of China. Fumaria spectabilis, Lin. amcen. 7. p. 457. t. 7. spec. 953. Capnorchis spectabilis, Bb'rck. in Rom. arch. 1. p. 2. p. 46. Corydalis spectabilis, Pers. ench. 2. p. 269. A plant with large showy purple flowers, each nearly an inch long. Remarkable Dielytra. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1816. PI. f ft. 6 D. TENUIFOLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 110.) spurs 2, very short and very blunt; scape naked, 1-3-flowered; pedicels shorter than the calyx ; leaves multifid; lobules linear. "%.. H. Native of Kamtschatka. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 9. f. B. Corydalis tenui- folia, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 462. Root tuberous. Flowers large in proportion to the plant, pale red, tipped with a more in- tense colour. Fine-leaved Dielytra. Fl. ? May, July. Clt. 1824. PI. i foot. 7 D. CANADE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 126.) spurs 2, short, blunt ; scape naked, simple, few-flowered; pedicels short ; leaves multifid ; lobes linear ; stigma stretched out, 4-lobed. I/ . H. Native of Canada, about Montreal. Corydalis Canadensis, Gold in edin. phil. journ. 1822. p. 330. D. eximia, B. Hook, fl. bor. amer. 35. Leaves glaucous. Herb 6-8 inches long. Flowers white. Root horizontal. Canadian Dielytra. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1822. PI. | foot. 8 D. LACHENALI^EFLORA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 111.) spurs 2, very short and very blunt ; scape naked, 2-4-flowered ; pedicels longer than the calyx ; leaves multifid ; lobes linear, very acute. 1£ . H. Native of Siberia, beyond the Baikal, and about Ochotskoi, as well as in the islands of the extreme north-west coast of Ame- rica, and at Behring's Straits. Corydalis Lachenaliaeflora, Fisch. in litt. Rud. in mem. sci. petersb. 1. t. 19. Fumaria tenuifblia, Led. mem. acad. petersb. 5. p. 515. no. 37. Fumaria cucul- laria, Pall. Flowers fine red, very like those of D. tenuifolia, but smaller. Roots horizontal. Lachenalia-fiowereil Dielytra. Fl.May,Jul. Clt. 1824.P1. Jft. 9 D. SCA'NDENS (D. Don, prod, fl.nep. p. 198.) spurs 2, very blunt ; racemes simple, corymbose, opposite the leaves ; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets oval-oblong, mucronulated, smooth, glaucous beneath, lower ones 2-3-parted ; petioles of the primary leaves profoundly 2-parted, the rest cirrhiferous branches. Q- H. Native of Nipaul. Stem climbing. Perhaps this is Daclylicap- nos thalictrifolia. Climbing Dielytra. PI. cl. Cult. A pretty genus of perennial herbaceous plants. They thrive best in a light rich soil, and are easily increased by divid- ing the plants at the roots or by seeds. The D. scdndens being an annual plant, will only require to be sown in the open border, or to be raised on a hot-bed, and afterwards planted out. II. DACTYLICA'PNOS (from laKTv\og, dactylos, a finger; KCUTVOC, kapnos, fumitory, probably in allusion to the divided tendrils.) Wall. tent. fl. nap. p. 51. t. 39. LIN. SYST. Diadelphia, Hexandria. Petals 4, cruciate (f. 43. a.) deciduous ; the 2 exterior ones sessile, .equally gibbous at the base (f. 43. 4.), the 2 inner ones are on long claws (f. 43. c.). Stamens 5-6, collected into 2 bodies. Stigma 4-lobed (f. 43./.). Berries cylindrical, oblong (f. 43. g.\ many-seeded (f. 43. h.). — A smooth scandent glaucous herb, with the stem and branches filiform and twisted. Petioles ending in branched tendrils. Leaves triternate. Racemes axillary or opposite the leaves, on long peduncles. Flowers about 20, large, oblong, flattish, nodding, yellow with a rufescent mouth, fragrant, dilated FUMARIACE^:. III. ADLUMIA. IV. CYSTICAPNOS. V. CORYDALIS. 141 at the base into two horns or gibbosities. Peduncles filiform ; pedicels each furnished with a linear bracteole at the base. Stem 2-3 feet high. Berries indehiscent, fleshy, soft, pale-violet. In habit the plant agrees with Cysticdpnos, but the flowers re- FIG. 43. semble those of Dielytra. 1 D. THALICTRIFOLIA (Wall. 1. c.) If. 1 F. Native of Nipaul on Sheopore (f. 43.). Thalictrum-leaved Dactylicap- nos. Fl. June, July. PL cl. Cult. This singular plant has not yet been introduced to Britain, it is therefore not ascertained whether it would stand the climate without protection during winter. It will no doubt grow freely in a mixture of loam and peat, and can only be increased by seeds, or cuttings. III. ADLU'MIA (from adlumino, to fringe with purple; flowers bordered with purple.) Rafin. in Desv. jour. bot. 1809. 2. p. 169. D. C. syst. 2. p. 111. prod. 1. p. 126. LIN. SYST. Diadelphia, Hexandria. Petals 4, joined into a permanent monopetalous corolla (f. 42. a.) which is bigibbose and spongy at the base. Stamens diadelphous, adnate to the corolla at the base (f. 42. &.). Capsules oval-oblong", 2-valved, many-seeded (f. 42. e.). A smooth delicate climbing herb, with tendrilled petioles. 1 A. CIRRHOSA (Raf. 1. c.) $ . H. Native of Canada and Carolina in humid shady places in beech woods. Corydalis fungosa, Vent, choix. t. 19. Fumaria fungosa, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 3. p. 1. Bicuculla fumarioides, Borck. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 2. p. 46. Capnoides scandens, Moench. suppl. 215. Fu- maria recta, Mich. fl. bor. amter. 2. p. 51. Flowers whitish or pale-rose-coloured. Seeds 4-6, shining, black. Tendrilled Adlumia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1788. PI. cl. Cult. The seeds of this plant may be sown under a hedge or shrub in a moistish situation, or it may be sown in the open border, with dead branches stuck in around the plants in order to support them, as in the case of peas. IV. C YSTICA'PNOS (from icvosite leaves. 1 C. VERTICILLARIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 114.) stem quite sim- ple, 2-leaved ; leaves glaucous, opposite, biternate, lobes or segments linear. $ . H. Native of Persia on Mount Elwend. Flowers 8 lines long. Spur of flowers conical- subulate, blunt. Flowers small, white ? Whorled-\eaved Corydalis. . PL -J. foot. 2 C. OPPOSITIFOLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 114.) stem quite simple, 2-leaved ; leaves glaucous, opposite ternate ; petioles branched, middle one ternate ; segments or lobes ovate. $ . H. Native of Syria, between Aleppo and Mossul. Flowers white, an inch long, with a spur 6 lines long. Opposite-leaved Corydalis. PL i foot. 3 C. DIPHY'LLA (Wall. tent. fl. nap. p. 54.) root? stem short, simple, or furnished with 1 axillary flowering branch, bearing 2 leaves in the middle ; leaves opposite, stalked, triternate ; seg- ments cuneated, obtuse, deeply 2-lobed or entire ; bracteas linear- oblong, cuspidate, large, exceeding the floriferous peduncles, but equal with the fructiferous ones. If. . ? F. Native of Nipaul on mountains about Sirinagur. Flowers yellowish, an inch long, tipped with purple, disposed in racemes about 1 or 2 inches long. Sepals crested. This species probably belongs to the present section. Two-leaved Corydalis. Fl. June, Aug. PI. 2 feet. 4 C. MEIFO'LIA (Wall. tent. fl. nap. p. 52. t. 41.) herb erect ; root long, fusiform ; leaves supra-decompound ; segments ca- pillary; flowers "in loose racemes, on long stalks; bracteas decom- pound, setaceous ; siliques much shorter than the peduncles. I/ . F. Native of Nipaul on Gosaingsthan. Herb smooth, fleshy, erect. Stems tufted. Flowers large, yellow, nodding, resembling those of C. nobilis. Sepals 2, kidney-shaped, with a purple border. Siliques cuneated, compressed, 4-8-seeded. Leaves resembling those of Meum Athamanticum. Meum-leaved Corydalis. PL 1 foot. 5 C. LONGIPES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 128. Wall. tent. fl. nap. p. 53. t. 42.) root branched ; stem procumbent or erect, very slen- der ; leaves triternate ; lobes obovate, a little cut, obtuse ; lower bracteas cut ; siliques linear-cuneated, compressed, about equal in length to the pedicel. I/ . F. Native of Nipaul on Sheopore, also on Gosaingsthan. Fumaria bulbosa, Thunb. fl. jap. 277. ? C. bulbosa, Pers. ench. 2. p. 269. Root slender, perpendicular. Stems angular. Racemes terminal. Flowers secund, yellow ; sepals kidney-shaped, fringed. Long-pedicelled Corydalis. PL 1 foot. § 2. Capntles, Roots tuberous. Stem simple, bearing ti few alternate leaves. 142 FUMARIACEjE. V. CORYDALIS. FIG. 44. 6 C. RUTVEFOLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 115.) stem simple, not scaly at the base ; leaves 2, nearly opposite, glaucous, ternate ; segments ovate, or with the middle one 3-parted ; bracteas ovate. I/. H. Native of the island of Cyprus. Fumaria rutaefolia, Smith, fl. graec. t. 667. Flowers yellow ? Spur horizontal, blunt, calloseat the tip, nearly half an inch long, longer than the flower. Rue-leaved Corydalis. PL -j foot. 7 C. DECU'MBENS (Pers. ench. 2. p. 269.) stem simple, de- cumbent ; leaves biternate ; lobes wedge-shaped, 3-toothed ; bracteas ovate, entire ; racemes 3-4-flowered. I/ . H. Native of Japan. Fumaria bulbosa. Thunb. nov. act. petrop. 12. p. 102. t. A. Fumaria bulbosa, Thunb. jap. 27 ? but not Lin. Flowers yellow, with the spur the length of the limb. Decumbent Corydalis. PL decumbent. 8 C. PAUCIFLORA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 269.) stem simple, not scaly at the base ; leaves biternate, 2 or 3 on each stem under the middle ; segments 3-parted ; lobes obovate ; bracteas ovate, acute; racemes crowded, few-flowered. Tf.H. Native of the Altaian mountains in Siberia, and island of St. Lawrence in Beh- ring's Straits. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 9. f. A. Fumaria pauciflora, Stev. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 861. F. Altaica, Ledeb. Flowers purplish ; spur thick, incurved at the top, very blunt, rather longer than the tube. Far. ft, aquilegifolia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 116.) hardly different from the species, except the racemes are 7-8-flowered, and the flowers nearly an inch long. Fumaria aquilegif 61ia, Patrin. ind. Var. y, Altaica (Fumaria Altaica, Led. in mem. acad. peterb. 5. 1815. p. 551.) Flowers pendulous. Few-flowered Corydalis. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. PI. 6 to 7 inches, erect. , 9 C. MARSCHALLIA'NA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 269.) stem simple, not scaly ; leaves 2, situated above the middle of the stem, biternate ; lobes oval, entire or bifid; racemes short ; bracteas ovate. 2f. H. Native of Tauria, also on the mountains in theUkraine under trees. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 10. Fumaria Marschalliana, Pall. nov. act. pe- trop. 10. p. 315. Flowers sul- phur-coloured ; spur straight or hardly incurved, blunt (f. 44.). .MarscAa^-Bieberstein's Cory- dalis. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. PL | foot. 10 C. AMBI'GUA (Cham, in Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 558.) stem almost simple, erect, scaly below ; leaves 2-3, biternate ; seg- ments oval, obtuse, somewhat cuneated, the first ones on long petioles ; raceme many-flowered, loose ; bracteas entire ; siliques linear, erect. 3/.H. Native of Siberia, Kamtschatka, and the north-west coast of America. Fumaria ambigua, Pall, in herb. Willd. Flowers on long peduncles, yellow, a little nodding ; spur obtuse, straight. Root a solid tuber (f. 44. y.). Ambiguous Corydalis. PL -^ foot. 11 C. LONGIFLORA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 269.) stem simple, fur- nished with leafy scales under the leaves ; leaves biternate ; seg- ments 3-parted ; lobes oval-oblong ; bracteas oblong, entire ; racemes elongated, 10-flowered ; spur longer than the pedicels. I/ . H. Native of Siberia on the Altaian mountains, and on the hills about Zmeof, as well as at Jrtish in saltish fields. Fumaria Schangini, Pall. act. petrop. 1779. 2. p. 267. t. 14. f. 1 and 2. Flowers pale-purple ; spur slender, awl-shaped at the apex, and somewhat incurved, nearly half an inch long. Var. ft, cauddta (Lam. diet. 2. p. 569.) hardly differing from the species, unless that the flowers are smaller and the lobes of the leaves a little blunter. Native of the north of China on mountains about Pekin. Long-flowered Corydalis. FL April, May. PL 1 foot. 12 C. TUBEROSA (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 637. syst. 2. p. 117.) stem simple, not scaly ; leaves 2, biternate ; segments cuneated, cleft; bracteas ovate, entire ; root hollow. If. H. Native of Europe, from Sweden to Portugal, in hedges and under trees in rather humid situations. Fumaria cava, Mill. diet. no. 7. Curt, bot. mag. 332. Fumaria bulbosa, Scop. earn. no. 864. Fumaria major, Roth. germ. 1. p. 300. Corydalis bulbosa, Pers. ench. 2. p. 69. Corydalis cava, Wahl. helv. 2. p. 126. Flowers hori- zontal, purple. Var. ft, albiflora (Sims, bot. mag. t. 2340.) flowers white. Tuberous-rooted Corydalis. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1596. PL £ft. 13 C. FABA'CEA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 269.) stem nearly simple, erect, scaly under the lower leaf; leaves 3 of 4 stalked, biter- nately-cut ; segments oblong, bluntish ; bracteas ovate, acute, longer than the pedicels ; root solid. "If. . H. Native of Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Vallais, France, &c. in shady moun- tains. Fumaria fabacea, Retz. prod. ed. 2. no. 859. Horn. fl. dan. t. 1394. F. intermedia, Ehrh. Like C. tuberosa, but dif- fering in the roots being solid, not hollow. Plant and flowers smaller. Flowers purple. Bean-like Corydalis. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1815. PL J foot. 14 C. CAUCA'SICA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 119.) stem very simple, erect, scaly under the lower leaf; leaves 2, biternate ; segments cut into linear lobes ; bracteas oblong, entire ; racemes rather loose. If. H. Native of Caucasus on wooded mountains. Fumaria fabacea, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 145. Differing from C. fabacea, in the stems being very simple, and bearing only 2 leaves, not 3 or 4-leaves, and in the segments being cleft into linear lobes, not oblong bluntish ones. Caucasian Corydalis. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1820. PL f foot. 15 C. BULBOSA (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 637.) stem simple, erect, scaly under the lower leaf; leaves 3 or 4 stalked, biternate ; segments cuneated or oblong, and are as well as the bracteas cut at the top ; root solid. If. H. Native under hedges and in woods in rather humid places ; nearly throughout Europe ; also in Tauria and Siberia ; in England about Kendal and other parts of Westmoreland ; also at Perry Hall, near Birmingham ; at Wick- ham, Hampshire. Fumaria s61ida, Smith, engl. bot. t. 1471. Curt. bot. mag. 231. Fumaria bulbosa, Mill. diet. no. 8. Fu- maria Halleri, Willd. prod. no. 704. F. minor, Roth. fl. germ. 1. p. 300. Corydalis digitata, Pers. ench. 2. p. 269. Fumaria digitata, Lejeun. fl. spa. 2. p. 89. C. densiflora, Presl. Flowers purplish, seldom white. Far, ft, viridiflora(D. C. syst. 2. p. 120.) flower green ; roots hollow.— Lobel. icon. t. 760. f. 1. Swert. floril. 2. t. 7. f. 4.— Bauh. hist. 3. p. 1. p. 205. f. 1. — Morr. hist. 2. sect. 3. p. 261. t. 12. f. 7. Bulbous-rooted Corydalis. FL April, May. England. PL -J- ft. 16 C. ANGUSTIFO'LIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 120.) stem simple, scaly under the lower leaf; leaves 2, stalked, biternate ; segments cleft into linear lobes ; bracteas deeply-serrated at the apex. If. . H. Native of Iberia and near Odessa. Fumaria angustifolia, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 1 46. Very like C. bulbosa, but differing in the lobes of the leaves being much more elongated and truly linear, not cuneated or oblong. Flowers purplish. Narrow-leaved Corydalis. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1819. Pl.£ft. 17 C. PE'RSICA (Schlecht. in Linnaea. vol. 1. p. 567.) leaves thrice ternate ; leaflets wedge-shaped, sharply-cut ; bracteas en- tire, ovate ; capsules nodding. If . H. Native of Hyrcania. Flowers purplish ? Persian Corydalis. PL % foot. 18 C. INCIVSA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 269.) stem simple, erect; FUMARIACE^E. V. CORYDALIS. leaves biternate ; segments acutely-cut ; bracteas oblong-cuneat- ed, cut, shorter than the pedicels. If. . H. Native of Japan. Fumaria incisa, Thunb. nov. act. petrop. 12. p. 104. t. D. Dif- fering from C. nobilis, to which it is nearly allied by the teeth of the leaflets being acuminated, and the bracteas deeply-toothed, and which are shorter than the pedicels. Flowers yellow ; spur straight. Cut-leaved Corydalis. Fl. May. PI. | foot. 19 C. BRACTEA'TA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 269.) stem simple, erect, scaly near the base ; leaves 2, biternate ; segments cleft into linear lobes ; bracteas cuneated, profoundly cut at the apex, longer than the pedicels ; spur straight, long. %. H. Native of Siberia on the Altaian mountains, and about Zmeof and Salair. Fumaria bracteata, Stev. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 858. Flowers sulphur-yellow, horizontal, an inch long ; spur longer than the pedicel. Bracted Corydalis. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. PL | foot. 20 C. GOVENIA'NA (Wall. tent. fl. nap. p. 55.) root ? leaves all stalked, oblong, bipinnate ; leaflets cuneated, profoundly pin- natifid, linear-oblong, obtuse, ending in an entire or 2-lobed point ; racemes loose, secund ; bracteas wedge-shaped, deeply lobed, exceeding the peduncles in length, upper ones lanceolate, entire. % . ? G. Native of the East Indies on the mountains of Gurval. This species seems to be intermediate between C. no- bilis and C. bracteata. Racemes rounded or oblong. Flowers yellow, crowded exactly like those of C. nobilis. Sepals kidney- shaped, toothed. Siliques not seen. Goven's Corydalis. PI. 1 foot. 21 C. NOBILIS (Pers. ench. 2. p. 269.) stem simple, erect, not scaly ; leaves bipinnate ; segments cuneated, cut at the top ; bracteas acute, entire or cut. I/ . H. Native of Siberia, Altaia, and on the banks of the Kolyvan in shady places. Fumaria nobilis, Jacq. vind. t. 116. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1953. Ker. bot. reg. 395. Flowers pale-yellow, with a long spur, which is blunt and incurved at the point. A beautiful plant. Var. ft, odontopliylla (D. C. syst. 2. p. 122.) bracteas all ovate, and deeply toothed. Habit slenderer than that of the species. Noble Corydalis. Fl. May. Clt. 1783. PI. -| foot. 22 C. SCOULE RI (Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 36. t. 13.) leaf usually solitary, 3 or 4 times pinnate, longer than the raceme, which is nearly simple ; leaflets obliquely oval or oblong, de- current entire and lobed; bracteas oblong, longer than the pedicels. 1£. H. Native of the north-west coast of North America in dark shady woods ; plentiful near the confluence of the Columbia with the sea. Root thick, woody, with a scaly neck. Flowers pendent, rose-coloured. Scouler's Corydalis. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 23 C. HAMILTO'NH ; stem simple ; leaves triternate, radical ones on long stalks ; leaflets 3-lobed ; bracteas 3, sessile, digi- tate ; pedicels terminal, elongated, 1 -flowered, somewhat umbel- late ; capsules linear, one half shorter than the pedicels. 1£ . F. Native of Nipaul at Narain-Hetty C. longipes, D. Don. prod, fl. nep. p. 198. Habit of C. Sibirica. Flowers purple, but yellow on the inside. Spur straight, very blunt. Plant glaucous, smooth. Hamilton's Corydalis. PI. A foot. 24 C. JU'NCEA (Wall. tent. fl. nap. p. 54. t. 42.) root ? stem erect, quite smooth, and simple, 2-3-leaved ; leaves linear-lan- ceolate, quite entire ; racemes elongated ; silique, equal in length to the pedicels. If.. F. Native of Nipaul at Gosaingsthan. Radical leaves not seen. Flowers yellow, nodding, with purple mouths ; spur cylindrical, obtuse. Siliques deflexed, compressed, 4-5-seeded. In consequence of the root being unknown it is doubtful whether this plant belongs to the present section. -RiuA-like Corydalis. Fl. Aug. PI. 1 to 3 feet. 1 25 C. p«ONi*FOrLiA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 260.) stem erect, branched ; leaves bipinnate ; segments ovate, ultimate ones lobed ; bracteas oblong-linear, acute ; capsules ovate. If. . H. Native of Siberia at the bottom of rocks near the rivers Lena, Biela and Jama, also between Jrkoutsk and Ochotskoi. Fumaria paeoniaefblia, Steph. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 859. — Gmel. fl. sib. 4. p. 66. t. 34. Flowers large, purple, half an inch long, with a conical, straight, somewhat acute spur. Trunk of root horizontal ? Pceony-leaved Corydalis. Fl. May. Clt. 1823. PL £ ft. § 3. Capnoldes, (plants agreeing in character with C. cap- noldes.) Roots Jibrous. Stem branched ; stem leaves many, al- ternate. 26 C. GLAU'CA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 463.) stem erect, branched ; leaves bipinnate, glaucous ; pinnulse somewhat pin- natifid ; segments stalked, cuneated, trifid ; bracteas oblong, acute, shorter than the pedicels ; capsules linear. Q. H. Native on rocky declivities of mountains in Canada, also on the Alleghany Mountains. Fumaria sempervirens, Lin. spec. 984. Mill. fig. 1. 78. Fumaria glauca, Curt. bot. mag. t. 179. C. sempervirens, Pers. ench. 2. p. 269. Flower mixed with red and yellow, as in Aquilegia Canademsis. Spur blunt one half or 3-times shorter than the corolla. Glaucous Corydalis. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1683. PL 1 or 1| ft. 27 C. STRI'CTA (Steph. ex Fisch. in litt.) stem erect, some- what branched; leaves glaucous, pinnate ; segments pinnately and acutely cut ; bracteas linear, somewhat shorter than the pedicels ; capsules ovate-lanceolate. Tf. . H. Native of Siberia. Flowers unknown, but they are probably yellow ; fructiferous pedicels a line and a half long, deflexedly-spreading. Straight Corydalis. Fl. ? Clt. 1825. PL | foot. 28 C. CHSROPHY'LLA (D.C. prod. 1. p. 128. Wall. tent. fl. nap. p. 52. t. 40.) stem erect, branched ; leaves tripinnatifid, glaucous ; segments cuneate-obovate, 3-lobed, blunt and mucro- nated ; racemes dense, spiked ; bracteas small, acute, lower ones serrated ; capsules obovate-oblong, longer than the pedicels. 0.? I/.? Native of Nipaul on Sheopore. Flowers pale, yel- low, scentless. Sepals fringed, permanent ; spur ascending. Like C. lutea. Chervil-leaved Corydalis. Fl. June, July. PL 1 to 3 feet. 29 C. SIBI'HICA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 270.) stem nearly erect, branched ; leaves somewhat glaucous, bipinnate ; segments cut into oblong-linear lobes ; bracteas linear, nearly equal in length with the pedicels ; capsules oval, hardly longer than the pedicels. "H. . H. Native of Siberia in the regions beyond the Baikal, at the rivers Angara and Lena, also in Dauria. Fumaria impa- tiens, Patrin, ined. Fumaria Sibirica, Lin. fil. suppl. 314. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 65. t. 33. Flowers yellow, usually recurved. Herb sensible to the touch, according to Patrin. Siberian Corydalis. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1824. PL 1 to 3 feet. 30 C. IMPA'TIENS (Fisch. in D. C. syst. 2. p. 124.) stem some- what diffuse, branched ; leaves glaucous, bipinnate ; segments cut into oblong-linear lobes ; bracteas setaceous linear, nearly equal in length with the pedicels ; capsules linear, twice longer than the pedicels. Q. H. Native of Dauria, and also near Kiachta. Fumaria impatiens, Pall. itin. ed. min. 3. p. 233 ? Very near to C. glauca, and especially to C. Sibirica, but differ- ing in the capsules being elastic, and becoming rolled up when touched. Flowers yellow. Impatient-capsuled Corydalis. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PL 1 to 2 feet. SIC. AU'REA (Willd. enum. 740.) stem diffuse, branched ; leaves glaucous, bipinnate ; pinnulae pinnatifid and cut ; lobes oblong-linear; bracteas lanceolate-linear, acuminated, denticu- lated, and are, as well as the linear terete capsules, 4 times longer than the pedicels. O- $ • H. Native of Pennsylvania, Virginia, 144 FUMARIACE^E. V. CORYDALIS. VI. SARCOCAPNOS. VII. FUMARIA. and Canada, extending as far north as the Rocky Mountains, on shaded rocks. Fumaria aurea, Muhl. in Willd. enum. 740. Ker. bot. reg. t. 66. Curt. bot. mag. t. 66. Flowers yellow, half an inch long ; spur straight, blunt. GWrferc-flowered Corydalis. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1683. PL | foot. 32 C. FLA'VULA (Raf. in Desv. journ. bot. 1808. 1. p. 224.) stem somewhat branched ; leaves glaucous bipinnate ; lobes ob- long-linear ; bracteas ovate, pointed ; capsules linear, torulose, twice the length of pedicels. Q. $ . H. Native of North Ame- rica, about Philadelphia. Flowers yellow. Calyx small, leafy. Small yellorv-fiowereA Corydalis. Fl. June, July. PI. -| foot. 33 C ? RACEMOSA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 270.) stem branched, erect ; leaves bipinnate ; segments ovate, bluntly 3-lobed, toothed ; bracteas thrice the length of the pedicels. % . H. Native of Ja- pan, on rocks and old walls. Fumaria racembsa, Thunb. nov. act. petrop. 12. p. 103. t. B. Flowers yellowish; spur short, blunt. Perhaps the fruit is monospermous ; if so, it is a true Fumaria. Racemose -flowered Corydalis. Fl. June, July. PI. •£ foot. 34 C. CAPNOI'DES (Pers. ench. 2. p. 270.) stem branched, diffuse ; leaves bipinnate ; segments obovate, cuneated, trifid ; bracteas large, leafy, cut, stalked ; spur awl-shaped, as long as the rest of the flower ; capsules thrice the length of the pedicels. O- H. Native of Mauritania and Tangiers, in fissures of rocks, and on walls. Fumaria capnoides, Lin. spec. 984. F. alba, Mill. diet. no. 3. — Pluck, aim. t. 90. f. 2. Flowers white or whitish. Capnos-like Corydalis. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1596. PL | foot. 35 F. LU'TEA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 270.) stem branched, diffuse; leaves biternate ; segments obovate, cuneated, trifid ; bracteas linear-subulate, three times shorter than the pedicel ; pods nearly cylindrical, narrow, shorter than their pedicels. If. . H. Native of many places in the south of Europe, in the fissures of rocks, and on old walls ; also in England, on old walls, near Castleton, Derbyshire, and near Fountain's Hall, near Fountain's Abbey, Yorkshire. Fumaria lutea, Lin. mant. 258. Eng. bot. 588. Mill. icon. 1. t. 136. f. 1. illus t. 60. Fumaria capnoides. With 620. Capnoides lutea, Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 163. t. 115. f. 3. Cory- dalis capnoides /3, D. C. syst. 2. p. 126. Flowers yellow. Leaves thrice ternate, rather glaucous, green ; segments wedge-shaped, with rounded lobes. Yelloru Corydalis. Fl. May, Sept. England. PI. 1 foot. 36 C. ACAU'LIS (Pers. ench. 2. p. 270.) scapes naked ; radical leaves pinnate ; segments obovate-cuneated, trifid or ternate. Q. H. Native ofCarinthia. Fumiiria acaulis, Wulf. in. Jacq. coll. 2. p. 203. icon. rar. 3. t. 554. Lam. ill. t. 597. f. 3. Flowers pale-yellow. Spur short. Stemless Corydalis. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1826. PL i foot. 37 C. URALE'NSIS (Fisch. in D. C. syst. 2. p. 127.) stem erect, somewhat branched, scarcely longer than the radical leaves ; leaves ternate, on lonpj stalks ; segments 3-parted ; lobes some- what cut; racemes few-flowered; bracteas cut at the top. I/ ? H. Native of the Ural mountains, at Awsan, Petrowsky Sawod. Habit nearly of C. acaulis, but very distinct. Flower yellow, with a straight slender spur, 6 lines in length. Ural Corydalis. Fl? Clt. 1823. PL | foot. 38 C. BREVIILORA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 127.) stem branched, diffuse ; leaves biternate ; petioles somewhat tendrilled ; segments 3-parted into oblong-linear lobes ; bracteas oblong, nearly equal in length with the pedicels. O- H. Native of Kamtschatka. This plant is allied on the one side to C. liitea, and on the other to C. claviculata. Flowers pale- yellow ; spur straight, broad, rather acute, occupying one half the length of the flower. Short-flowered Corydalis. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1823. PL 39 C. CLAVICULA'TA (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 638.) stem branched, diffuse, scandent ; leaves bipinnate ; petioles tendrilled ; segments oval, entire ; bracteas oblong, shorter than the pedicels. G- H. Native in bushy, shady, rather hilly situations, on a gravelly, stony, or sandy soil throughout Europe ; England in several places. Fumaria claviculata, Lin. spec. 985. Smith, eng. bot. t. 103. Flowers white, variegated with blue or grey ; spur short, blunt. Claviculate Corydalis. Fl. June, July. England. PL 1 to 4 feet high. Cl. 40 C. PA'LLIDA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 270.) stem branched, decum- bent ; leaves bipinnate ; bracteas acutely-toothed. I/ ? H. Native of Japan. Fumkria pallida, Thunb. nov. act. petrop. 12. p. 103. t. C. F. lutea, Thunb. fl. jap. 277. Flowers pale-yel- low ; spur blunt, longish. Pa/e-flowered Corydalis. Fl. June, July. PL 1 to 2 feet. 41 C. CRA'CCA (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnaea, vol. i. p. 567.) stem climbing ; leaves bipinnatifid ; segments obovate, entire, or cut ; petioles tendrilled ; bracteas lanceolate, entire, scale-formed, equal to the pedicels in length ; racemes sessile ; pods pendulous, many-seeded. O- H. Native of Cape of Good Hope. Flowers flesh-coloured. Like C, claviculata. Cracca-like Corydalis. PL cl. Cult. The species of this genus are all very beautiful ; they will thrive well in a light, rich soil. They are very ornamental for the front of flower-borders, or they will succeed well in rock- work ; they are increased by dividing the plants, or by seeds ; the bulbous-rooted species by offsets ; the annual kinds by seeds, which may be sown where they are intended to remain. The greater part of them will thrive well under trees, if the ground be not too dry. VI. SARCOCA'PNOS (from c, discos, a disk ; Kairvos, kap- nos, the Greek name for Fumitory ; wing in the centre of orbi- cular flat capsule). Schlecht. in Linnaea 1. p. 569. LIN. SYST. Diadelphia, Hexundria. Flowers of Fumaria. Capsule orbicular, flat, membranous, with a nerve running through the middle on both sides from the base to the style, mucronate, 1 -celled, girded by a wing in the centre, perepheric, indehiscent, 1 -seeded. Seed lenticular, compressed, finely granulated, shin- ing. This genus differs from Fumaria, Sect I. Platycdpnos, in the fruit being membranous, and girded by a wing. A glaucous herb, with bipinnate-tendrilled leaves ; segments wedge-shaped, cut. Racemes opposite the leaves, stalked, 5-8-flowered. Flowers red, with an obtuse spur. 1 D. MU'NDTII (Schlect. I.e.) Q. H. Native of Cape of Good Hope. Fumaria Mundtii, Spreng. syst. app'. p. 264. Mundl's Discocapnos. Fl. Aug. PI. cl. Cult, This plant only requires to be sown in the open ground in April, and treated as other hardy annuals. ORDER XIV. CRUCI'FER^ (from crux, crucis, a cross, and fero, to bear ; in allusion to the four petals being disposed cross-wise), (f. 45. o. f. 48. e. f. 49. a. f. 50. 6.) Juss. gen. 237. D. C. syst. 2. p. 139. prod. 1. p. 131. Adans. fam. 2. p. 409. Calyx of 4 sepals (f. 45. n. f. 50. e.). Petals 4, alternate with the sepals, disposed cross-wise, constantly distinct and free (f. 45. o. f. 51. e,). Stamens 6, (f. 45. h. g. f. 49. e. c.) the two in front of the lateral sepals are solitary, and shorter than the rest (f. 45. g. f. 49. c. f. 51. c.) and are inserted lower down, the 4 longest approximate in pairs (f. 45. g. f. 49. e. f. 50. a.) in front of the other sepals. Anthers 2-celled, bursting inwards (f. 49. e.~). Receptacle small, bearing a few glands between the stamens and the petals. Carpels 2, c'osely connected together by one pistil (f. 47. /. m. &c.). Ovary 1 (f. 49. d.) short, or elongated, those with the short ovary are usually crowned by a short style (f. 51. 6.) Stigmas 2, approximate (f. 46. I. g. Sfc.) or spreading (f. 46. n. fyc.} ; siliques (f. 47. /. $c.) (long pods) or silicles (f. 46. h. <^c.) (short pods) usually 2-celled, 2-valved (f. 46. h. $c.}, very rarely 1-celled (f. 47. d. #c.). The cells are usually separated by a thin dissepiment situated vertically, and girded by a placentarious nerve (f. 46. r.). Seeds in each cell, 1 (f. 47. 6.) 2 or numerous, (f. 46. I.) fixed to both sides of the placenta (f. 46. g.) usually pendulous (f. 46. 1. f. 47. 6. $c.) rarely solitary from abortion (f. 47. d. h.) always hanging by an umbilical thread, which is usually free (f. 47. b. fyc.). Albumen wanting. Embryo oily, curved. Radicle terete, tending to the um- bilicus. Cotyledons 2, opposite (f. 45. J.), inclining various ways above the radicle, which are explained in the characters of the tribes. This order consists of annual, perennial or biennial herbs, rarely suffrutescent, stems, however, never exceeding the height of three feet, the perennials have thick roots, the biennials and annuals have slender roots, usually perpendicular and undivided. The young roots are tipped with a little sheath, called the Coleorhiza, which is produced by the extended ruptured coat of the epidermis, when the rootlets first appear. The stems are round and somewhat angular, branched, and often, even in the annual species, indurated at the base. The branches rise from the axillae of the leaves, but the uppermost ones are abortive in the annual species. Ra- cemes usually opposite to the leaves, sometimes the terminal branch is abortive, when the raceme appears to be terminal, but this is merely owing to that circumstance. The leaves are sim- ple, usually radical or alternate, rarely opposite, as in Eunbmia and Lunaria, feather-nerved, entire toothed, pinnatifid, lyrate or variously dissected, the lower ones usually stalked, the upper- most ones sessile. Flowers white, yellow, or purple, but in some species of Heliophila they are blue ; they are mostly sweet- scented, and easily changed to double. Flowering racemes at first sub-corymbose (f. 49.), at length much elongated (f. 51.). This order differs from Papaveraceee and Fumariaceee in the calyx being of 4 sepals, not 2, as well as in the seeds being des- titute of albumen. It differs from Resedacece in the seeds being furnished with an umbilical cord, from Datiscetz in the seeds being destitute of albumen, and from Capparidcce in the receptacle not being hemispherical nor elongated, as well as in pods being furnished with a dissepiment, and in the very different habit of the plants, and the disposition of the stamina. The plants contained in this order are chiefly confined to the temperate zones ; their station is variable, many inhabit open sandy places, some form the vegetation about the limits of perpetual snows of lofty moun- tains, and many follow the footsteps of man through all parts of the world. The seeds of all the species retain their vegetative power a considerable time, therefore they may be introduced in a living state from any part of the world. The plants of this class have always been celebrated for their anti-scorbutic qualities. These seem to reside in an aprid oily volatile 'principle, and varying in the degree of abundance in which it is found in different species. It is particularly abun- dant in the seeds of mustard and garden-rocket, in the roots of CRUCIFER.E. 147 hone-radish, and in the leaves of Lepidium latifolium which ad- ministered act powerfully upon the gastric organs, or applied ex- ternally inflame the skin and operate nearly as severely as blis- ters. A slighter degree of acrimony is found in the scurvy-grass, and the roots of the garden- radish, &c. and these therefore operate more gently and perhaps more safely when eaten, and scarcely at all when applied to the skin. Whatever may be the degree of acrimony in these plants, they all appear when eaten to produce some specific action upon the digestive organs, and thence upon scorbutic humours, for which reason the horse-radish, water-cress, garden-radishes, and even cabbages are eminently anti-scorbutic. They are also admitted by physicians as diuretic, sialogogue, and diaphoretic. It is only when the acrid principle is diffused over a considerable quantity of fleshy and watery sub- stance that cruciferous plants become eatable, as in the leaves and stems of cabbages, cauliflowers, and sea-kale, and in the roots of radishes and turnips. It is to be remarked that cruciferous plants are always eatable when their texture is succulent and watery. Even in these plants the proportion of acrid principle is much di- minished by exclusion from light. Plants of this order are also remarkable for containing a greater quantity of azote than most vegetables, for which reason ammonia is generally evolved in their fermentation or putrefaction, to which circumstance it is possible that the two remarkable phaenomena are to be attributed, viz. that cruciferous plants contain a greater portion of nutritive matter than most herbaceous plants, and that they require either a very rich soil, manured with animal substance, or at least a situation near the habitation of men. The embryos of all these plants are filled with oil, and the seeds of Camelma satlva, Brassi- ca campestris, var. oleifera, some species of Rocket, &c. are culti- vated in many parts of Europe for the sake of their expressed oil, which is used either for culinary purposes or for lamps. (Decandolle, syst. 2. p. 143 and 144.) Synopsis of the Genera, SUBORDER I. PLEURORHI'- ZEJE. D. C. syst. 2. p. 146. prod. 1. p. 132. Cotyledons fiat, accumbent (f. 46. c. f. 45. £•.). Radicle lateral (f. 45. h. g. d.\ Seeds compressed (f. 46. g. h.]. TRIBE I. ARABI'DEJE or PLEURORHI'ZEJE. Siliquosce. D. C. syst. 2. p. 146. prod. 1. p. 132. Silique dehiscent, with a linear dissepiment, which is, more or less, broader than the seeds ( f. 46. b.). Seeds oval, compressed, usually margined. Cotyledons flat, accumbent (f. 46. c. f. 45. g. d. h.~), parallel with the dissepiment. 1 MATHI'OLA. Silique somewhat cylindrical. Stigmas con- nivent, thickened or horned on the back (f. 48. 6.). Calyx besaccate at the base. 2 CHEIRA'NTHUS. Silique terete or compressed. Stigma 2- lobed or capitate. Calyx besaccate at the base. 3 NASTU'RTIUM. Silique rather terete, short, or declinate. Stigma somewhat 2-lobed. Calyx equal at the base, spreading. 4 LEPTOCARP*VA. Silique rather terete, very slender. Stigma sessile, 2-lobed. Calyx spreading, equal. 5 NOTO'CERAS. Silique tetragonally 2 -edged ; each valve ending in a mucrone or horn at the top (f. 46. a.). 6 BARBARE'A. Silique tetragonally 2-edged ; valves without a mucrone or horn at the top. Calyx equal at the base. FIG. 46. 7 STEVE'NIA. Silique oblong, few-seeded, narrowed between the seeds (f. 46. 6.) ; valves flat, somewhat torulose. Calyx bisaccate at the base. 8 BRA'YA. Silique oblong, somewhat cylindrical, with flattish valves and a sessile stigma. Seeds few, ovate. Calyx equal at the base. Cotyledons perhaps incumbent. 9 TURRI'TIS. Silique linear ; valves flat. Seeds in 2 rows in each cell. 10 A'RABIS. Silique linear ; valves flat, with a nerve in the middle of each. Seeds in one row in each cell. 11 OUDNE'YA. Silique sessile, linear, beaked; valves flat, with a nerve in the middle. Seeds in 1 row. Stigmas connate, distinct at the top. Calyx closed, bisaccate at the base. 12 MACROPO'DIUM. Silique linear, stalked ; valves flat, with a nerve in the middle. 13 CARDA'MINE. Silique linear ; valves flat, nerveless, usually separating with elasticity. Umbilical cord slender. 14 PTERONEU'RUM. Silique lanceolate ; valves flat, nerveless, usually separating with elasticity. Placentas with nerved wings. Umbilical cord dilated. 15 DENTA'RIA. Silique lanceolate ; valves flat, nerveless, usually separating with elasticity. Placentas not winged. Um- bilical cord dilated. 16 PA'RRYA. Silique broad-linear ; valves flat, more or less distinctly veined. Seeds with broad margins, disposed in some- thing like 2 rows. Umbilical cord adnate to the dissepiment above. Lobes of stigma approximate. Calyx bigibbous at the base. TRIBE II. ALYSSI'NES or PLEURORHI'ZE^; LATISE'PT*. D. C. syst. 2. p. 147. prod. 1. p. 156. Silicle opening longitudinally ; dissepiment broad-oval, me U 2 148 CRUCIFER/E. branous ; valves flat or concave. Seeds compressed, usually mar- gined (f. 46. g. /(.)• Cotyledons fiat, accumbent, parallel with the dissepiment (f. 46. c. f. 45. g. d.). 17 LUNA'RIA. Silicle stalked, elliptical or lanceolate ; valves flat. Umbilical cord long, adhering to the dissepiment. Calyx somewhat bisaccate at the base. Petals quite entire. Stamens toothless. 1 8 RICO'TIA. Silicle sessile, oblong, adult ones 1-celled, in consequence of the dissepiment having vanished ; valves flat. Calyx valvular, bigibbous at the base. Petals emarginate. Stamens toothless. 19 PARSE' TIA. Silicle sessile, oval (f. 46. g.), or oblong; valves nearly flat (f. 46. g.); dissepiment 1 -nerved, veiny; seeds winged (f. 46. g.) Calyx closed, hardly bisaccate at the base. Petals entire. Funicle free. Filaments toothless. Anthers linear. 20 KONI'GA. Silicle sessile, somewhat ovate, with flattish valves and 1 or many-seeded cells ; funicle adnate to the base of the dissepiment. Seeds usually marginate. Calyx spread- ing. Petals quite entire. Filaments toothless. 21 BERTEROA. Silicle sessile, elliptical or obovate ; valves flat or concave. Calyx equal at the base. Petals 2-parted. Lesser stamens toothed. 22 AUBRIE'TIA. Silicle oblong ; valves convex. Seeds not margined. Calyx bisaccate at the base. Petals entire. Lesser stamens toothed. 23 VESICA'RIA. Silicle globose, inflated ; valves hemispheri- cal. Seeds numerous (beyond 8). Petals entire. 24 SCHIWERE'CKIA. Silicle ovate ; valves convex, somewhat depressed lengthwise in the middle. Seeds numerous. Calyx equal at the base. Petals entire. Larger stamens toothed. 25 ADYSE'TON. Silicle roundish, pointed with the style, with compressed valves. Seeds 2 in each cell, or sometimes solitary from abortion. Calyx equal at the base. Petals emarginate. Stamens all or some of them toothed. 26 ALY'SSUM. Silicle roundish, with a convex disk and a retuse apex ; funicle adhering to the base of the dissepiment. Seeds 2 in each cell, with membranous wings. Calyx equal at the base. Petals emarginate. Stamens all or some of them toothed. 27 ONODO'NTEA. Silicle orbicular (f. 46. /«.) or elliptical ; valves flat or convex in the centre, somewhat inflated (f. 46. A.). Seeds 2-4 in each cell (f. 46. A.). Calyx equal at the base. Stamens all toothless. 28 Disco1 VIUM. Silicle lenticular, wi'.h an entire dissepiment and keeled valves and many-seeded cells. Style permanent ; stigma blunt. Calyx closed. Cotyledons accumbent ? 29 MENIOCUS. Silicle sessile, elliptical ; valves flat. Seeds 6-8 in each cell. Calyx equal. Petals entire. Larger stamens toothed. 30 CLYPE'OLA. Silicle orbicular, 1-celled, 1 -seeded; valves flat. Calyx equal. Petals entire. Stamens toothed. 31 PELTA'RIA. Silicle orbicular, 1-celled, in consequence of the dissepiment having vanished, 1 (f. 46. «.) or 4-seeded ; valves flat. Calyx equal. Petals entire. Stamens toothless. 32 PETROCA'LLIS. Silicle sessile, oval ; valves flattish. Seeds 2 in each cell. Umbilical cord adhering to the dissepiment. 33 DRAVBA. Silicle sessile, oval or oblong (f. 46. j.) ; valves flat or convex (f. 46. j.). Seeds numerous, immarginate (f. 46. j.). Calyx equal. Petals entire. Stamens all toothless. 34 ERO'PHILA. Silicle oval or oblong ; valves flat. Seeds numerous, immarginate. Calyx equal. Petals 2-parted. Sta- mens toothless. 35 COCHLEAVRIA. Silicle sessile, ovate-globose or oblong ; valves ventricose. Seeds numerous, immarginate. Calyx equal, spreading. Petals entire. Stamens toothless. TRIBE III. THLASPI'DEJE or PLEURORHI'ZE^: ANGUSTISE'PT^; (D. C. syst. 2. p. 248. prod. 1. p. 175.) Silicle dehiscent, with a very narrow dissepiment (f. 46. k. I.) and keeled navicular valves (f. 46. k. I, m. n.). Seeds oval (f. 46. 1.) sometimes margined (f. 46. ».). Cotyledons fiat, accumbent, contrary to the dissepiment (f. 46. k. f. 45. a. d.). § 1. Cells of silicle 2 or many-seeded. 36 THLA'SPI. Silicle emarginate at the apex (f. 46. k. I.) ; valves navicular, winged on the back (f. 46. k. I.) ; cells 2 (f. 46. k.) or many-seeded (f. 46. /.). 37 HUCHI'NSIA. Silicle elliptical ; valves navicular, wingless ; cells 2, rarely many-seeded. 38 TEESDA'LIA. Silicle oval, emarginate at the apex ; valves navicular ; cells ^-seeded. Stamens each furnished with a scale on the outside at the base. 39 PLATYSPE'RMUM. Silicle oblong, crowned by the short thick style ; valves navicular ; cells 4-5 seeded. Seeds with a broad margin. § II. Cells of silicle l-seeded. 40 IBE'RIS. Two outer petals largest. Silicle much com- pressed, truncately emarginate. 41 THYSANOCA'RPUS. Petals shorter than the sepals, equal. Silicle much compressed, with a broad wing round the margin, emarginate at the apex. 42 BISCUTE'LLA. Silicle flat, biscutate (f. 46. m.) ; cells ad- nate laterally to the axis ; style long, permanent (f. 46. m.), Embryo inverted. 43 M EGACARPJE'A. Silicle flat, biscutate ; cells adnate la- terally to the axis. Style wanting. 44 CREMO'LOBUS. Silicle flat, biscutate ; cells marginate, hanging from the top of the axis. Style somewhat pyramidal. 45 MENONVI'LLEA. Silicle somewhat stipitate, biscutate ; cells (f. 46. n.) with the margin expanded into a wing, ending in the parallel disk (f. 46. n.). TRIBE IV. ECLIDIE'JE or PLEURORHI'ZE.E NUCUMENTA CE.E (D. C. syst. 1. p. 149. prod. 1. p. 184. ). Silicle indehiscent (f. 46. cheir, the hand, and o>/0oe, a flower ; hand-flower.) R. Br. in Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 5. p. 118. D. C. syst. 2. p. 178. prod. 1. p. 135. Cheiranthus species, Lin. Juss. and Lam. LIN. SYST. Telradynamia, Siliquosa. Siliques terete or com- pressed. Stigma 2-lobed or capitate. Calyx bisaccate at the base. Seeds in one series, ovate, compressed. Biennial, peren- nial, or suffruticose herbs, with oblong or lanceolate entire or toothed leaves. Racemes elongated. Pedicels bractless, fili- form. Flowers of various colours, yellow, white, or purple, or party-coloured. The genus is called Wall-flower, from the species growing commonly on walls. SECT. I. CHEI' RI (see genus for derivation ; plants agreeing with Ch. Cheiri.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 135. Style almost none. Seeds not margined. 1 C. CHEI'RI (Lin. spec. 924.) leaves lanceolate, quite entire, covered with 2-parted pressed hairs, or smooth ; siliques linear ; lobes of stigma recurved. Tj . $ . H. Native throughout Eu- rope on old walls and among stones. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1840. t. 184. Blackw. herb. t. 176. Flowers varying in size from single to double, from yellow to rusty and blood-coloured, or variegated with the same colours. Some of the varieties of this plant are very ornamental, particularly the double kinds, and the flowers of all possess an agreeable odour. Being an acrid and hardy evergreen, it is sometimes sown in pastures along with parsley, thyme, &c. as a preventive of the rot in sheep. The most remarkable varieties of common Wall-flower are the following : a,J!ore simplici. Single yellow. (j,Jlore plena. Double yellow. — Lob. icon. 33. f. 2. y, mdximus. Large flowered yellow. S, serratus. Large yellow, saw-leaved. c, pdttilus. Double yellow, spreading. %,ferrugineus. Double rusty. S, varius. Double variegated with purple and yellow. i,jlavescens. Large double, pale yellow. K, thyrsj . F. Native of Madeira. Curt. bot. mag. t. 195. Flowers at first cream-coloured, after- ward becoming purple or striped. Changeable-lowered Wall-flower. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1777. Shrub 2 or 3 feet. 8 C. LONGIFOLIUS (Vent. malm. t. 83.) leaves very long, linear-lanceolate, pendulous, acuminated, remotely serrated, rather downy with 2-parted hairs ; stem frutescent, branched. Tj . F. Native of Teneriffe. Hesperis longifolia, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 195. Like Ch. mutdbilis. Flowers at first white, after- wards becoming blue or purple. Long-leaved Wall-flower. Fl. Sep.Dec. Clt. 1815. Sh. 2to3ft. 9 C. SCOPA'RIUS (Willd. enum. p. 681.) leaves linear-lan- ceolate, acuminated, entire, rather pubescent with appressed 2-parted hairs ; stem shrubby, branched. Tj . F. Native of CRUCIFER^E. II. CHEIRANTHUS. III. NASTURTIUM. 155 Teneriffe. Hesperis cinerea, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 196. Very like Ch. mutdbilis, but evidently distinct. Var. a, purpurdscens (D. C. syst. 2. p. 184.) flowers at first white, then purplish. Tj . F. Far. j3, eeruginosus (D. C. 1. c.) flowers at first rust-coloured, afterwards paler, and suffused with red. Var. y, chamte'leo (D. C. 1. c.) flowers at first orange, after- wards purple. Ch. cheiri, var. Chamae'leon, Ker. hot. reg. t. 219. These are very ornamental plants. Broom Wall-flower. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1812. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 10 C. SEMPERFLORENS (Schousb. moroc. ed. germ. p. 181.) leaves linear-lanceolate, quite entire, roughish ; stem shrubby, branched ; siliques compressed ; pedicels one-half shorter than the calyx. t? . F. Native of the kingdom of Morocco and about Mogodor. Flowers yellow or white. Ever-fiunermg Wall-flower. Fl. Jan. Dec. Clt. 1815. Sh. 1 or 2 ft. 11C. LINEA'RIS (Vent. malm. p. 83. not of Tlmnb.) leaves linear, quite entire, smoothish ; stem shrubby, branched; siliques compressed, tapering to both ends. fy . F. Native of Tene- riffe. Ch. frutescens, Pers. ench. 2. p. 201. Very like Ch. semperflorens, but the plant is more shrubby and the leaves are shorter and narrower. Flowers white, never yellow. Z-iaear-leaved Wall-flower. Fl. Mar. Jul. Clt. 1815. Shrub 1 or 2 feet. 12 C. LINIFOLIUS (Pers. ench. 2. p. 201.) leaves linear, quite entire, scabrous, crowded ; stem shrubby, branched ; siliques some- what cylindrical, three times longer than the calyx ; pedicels one half shorter than the calyx. Ij . F. Native of Spain, Hesperis sem- perflorens, var. /3, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 1 9(>. Hesperis linifolius, Desf. cat. liort. par. ed. 1. p. 129. Very like Ch. semperflorens, but easily distinguished from it by the young leaves being crowded into the axillae of the old ones, as well as by the flowers being pur- plish, not yellow nor white. Flax-leaved Wall-flower. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1815. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. t Species not sufficiently known. 13 C.? SYRI'ACUS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 185.) leaves ovate-oblong, eordately-auriculate, toothed, smooth ; stem erect, flexuous, branched, smooth. $ . H. Native of Syria. Hesperis Syri- acus, Rauw. or. p. 74. with a figure. — Cam. hort. med. p. 74. t. 19. — Mor. oxon. 2. p. 252. sect. 3. t. 10. f. 4. &c. Flowers not seen. Syrian Wall-flower. PI. 2 feet. 14 C. ? PULCHE'LLUS (Willd. spec. 3. p. 523.) leaves linear- lanceolate, acutely toothed, rather pubescent with 2-parted hairs. •J£ . H. Native of Cappadocia. A small plant with a shrubby base. Petals obovate yellow, size of those of Erysimum Helve- ticum. Seeds unknown. Pretty Wall-flower. Fl. ? PI. i foot. 15 C. ? SALINUS (Lin. mant. 93.) leaves lanceolate, blunt, quite entire, downy ; stem erect ; anthers inclosed. Tj . H. Native of Siberia and Tartary near salt pits. ? Hesperis salina. Lam. diet. 3. p. 324. Very like Malhlola incana, but 8-times smaller. Flowers purple with a yellowish throat, sweet-scented. Salt-pit Wall-flower. PI. \ foot. 16 C. PALLA^SII (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 436.) leaves lanceolate-linear, attenuated, repand-toothed, smoothish ; stem simple, erect, round. $ . H. Native of North America, on the North-West coast. C. denticulatus, Willd. herb. Stem pubes- cent with small 2-parted- hairs. Flowers nearly like those of Mathlola incana, but dark-purple. Siliques somewhat cylindri- cal, crowned by the small subcapitate stigma. Pallas' s Wall-flower. Fl. Jul. PI. \ foot. 17 C. pyoM^E us (Adams, in. mem. soc. mosc. 5. p. 114.) leaves linear-lanceolate, quite entire, rather hispid ; stein simple, ascending ; racemes corymbose ; siliques very long, somewhat 4- sided ; stigma 2-lobed. I/ . H. Native of Siberia, at Cape By- kofskoy on the sea shore. Like Ch. alplnus, but differing from it in the leaves being linear-lanceolate, and rather hispid, as well as in the flowers being small violet, not sulphur-coloured. Per- haps a species of Erysimum. Pygmy Wall-flower. Fl. Jul. PI. £ foot. 18 C. FLEXUOSUS (Smith, fl. graec. t. 634.) Q. H. Native of the island of Cyprus. Leaves obovate roundish. Stem diffuse, flexuous ; siliques spreading, stiff, pungent. Flexuoits-stemmed Wall-flower. PI. % foot. 19 C. ODORA'TUS (Pall. ex. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 896.) stem sim- ple, erect, smooth ; leaves white with dense tomentum, radical ones pinnatifidly-serrated, stalked, cauline ones oblong, sessile, with cartilaginous teeth ; flowers in racemose-spikes : calyx smcoth. Tf.. H. Native of the North of Persia. Sweet-scented Wall-flower. PI. 3 foot. Cull. The hardy shrubby species, such as fine varieties of com- mon Wall-flower, should be encreased by young cuttings, which will soon strike root ; if planted under a hand glass. The green- house or frame kinds will thrive well in a light rich soil ; and young cuttings planted in the same kind of soil, will strike most freely under a hand glass. The perennial or herbaceous species may be increased by dividing the plants at the root, by young cuttings planted under a hand glass, or by seeds. The biennial and annual species, only require to be sown in the open border ; some of the tenderer sorts, or those natives of warmer climates, may be sown in a gentle hot bed in the month of March, and transplanted into the open borders about the middle or end of April. The whole of the species answer well to be planted or sown on rock-work, and even the tenderer species will survive the winter in such a situation. III. NASTU'RTIUM (from nasus, the nose, and tortus, tor- mented ; acrid taste of N. qfficinale, which affects the muscles of the nose.). R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 109. D. C. syst. 2. p. 187. prod. 1. p. 137. but not of Haller and Moench. LIN. SYST. Telradynamia, Siliquosa. Silique nearly cylin- drical, short or declinate. Stigma somewhat two-lobed. Calyx equal at the base, spreading. Seeds small, not margined, dis- posed in two irregular series. Herbs usually aquatic, smooth, branched, easily rooting. Stems cylindrical. Leaves variable, usually pinnately-cut. Racemes many-flowered, without bracteas ; pedicels filiform. Flowers white or yellow. Siliques generally declinate. This genus differs from Siaymbrium, which it is very much like, in the cotyledons being accumbent, not incumbent. SECT. I. CARDA'MINUM (from xapSta, kardia, the heart, and in /HID, damao, to subdue ; stomachic quality of the plant.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 188. prod. 1. p. 137. Petals white, larger than the calyx. Siliques nearly cylindrical. Glands 4, at the base of the stamens. Seeds reticulately-wrinkled. Cotyledons obliquely in- cumbent. Perhaps a proper genus. 1 N. OFFICINA'LE (B. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 110.) leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate , somewhat cordate, repand ; up- per leaves pinnatifid, with narrow segments ; terminal leaflets large. If. . H. W. Native in rivulets throughout the world ; plentiful in Britain in clear spring rivulets and ponds. Sisym- brium Nasturtium, Lin. spec. 917. Fl. dan. t. 690. Smith, eng. bot. t. 855. Curt. fl. lond. 6. t. 44. Woodv. med. bot. 1. p. 134. t. 48. Lun. hort. jam. 2. p. 269. There are two or three varieties of this plant but they are of little consequence. Water-cress is well known for its agreeable warmth and flavour, in the form of a salad, it is esteemed a wholesome sto- machic, and is recommended by many physicians as an antiscor- X 2 156 CRUCIFERjE. III. NASTURTIUM. butic. It acts as a gentle stimulant and diuretic ; for these purposes the expressed juice, which contains the peculiar taste and pungency of the herb, may be taken in doses of an ounce or two, and con- tinued for a considerable time (Dune. ed. disp. 474.). The juice was formerly used with that of Scurvy-grass and Seville-oranges to form a popular remedy under the name of spring juices. The water-cress has been cultivated in the neighbourhood of London, to a considerable extent since 1808, as a salad. A running stream of clear water is essential to its cultivation ; in the bed of this stream the plants are inserted in rows, in the direction of the current, and all that is necessary is to take up and re-plant occa- sionally, and to keep the plants free of mud and weeds, or any accumulation of extraneous matter. They will not grow so freely in a muddy bottom as amongst sand and gravel, neither will their flavour be so good. Some cultivate them in water beds, but they never prosper so well nor is their flavour so good as when cultivated in natural streams. The Spring or Autumn is the best time for transplanting the water-cress. Some market gardeners, who can command a small stream of water, grow the water-cress in beds sunk about two feet in a retentive soil, with a very gentle slope from one end to the other. Along the bottom of this bed, which may be of any convenient length and breadth, chalk or gravel is deposited, and the plants are inserted, about six inches apart every way. Then according to the slope and length of the bed, dams are made six inches high across it, at intervals ; so that when these dams are full, the water may rise not less than three inches on all the plants included in each. The water being turned on will circulate from dam to dam, and the plants, if not allowed to run to flower, will afford abundance of young tops in all but the winter months. A stream of water not larger than what will fill a pipe of an inch bore, will suffice to irrigate in this way the eighth of an acre. As some of the plants are apt to rot off in the winter, the plantation should be laid dry two or three times a year, and all weeds and decayed parts removed, and va- cancies filled up. Water-cress grown in this way is, however, far inferior to that grown in natural streams. Officinal or Common Water-cress. Fl. Jun. July. Britain. PI. 1 to 2 feet. SECT. II. BKACHY'LOBOS (fipa-xys, brachys, short, \oj3ot, lobos, apod; pods short). D. C. syst. 2. p. 190. prod. 1. p. 137. Petals yellow. Siliques somewhat cylindrical orelliptical. Glands of the receptacle small. 2 N. SYLVE'STRE (R. Br. in hort. kew, ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 110.) leaves pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, serrated, or cut. If. . H. Native of moist pastures and along the sides of rivers and ri- vulets throughout Europe, North of Asia, Persia and Tauria, China, New Holland, and also in North America by the river Delaware, where it has probably been introduced ; plentiful in Britain in gravelly wet meadows about the margins of rivers and ditches. Sisymbrium sylvestre, Lin. spec. 916. Smith, engl. bot. t. 2324. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 3. t. 41. Sisymbrium vulgare, Pers. ench. 2. p. 196. Root creeping extensively. Petals golden, longer than the calyx. Wild Nasturtium or Water Rocket. Britain. Fl. June, Sept. PI. 1 foot. 3 N. PALU'STRE (D. C. syst. 2. p. 191.) leaves pinnatifH, auricles stem-clasping, ciliated, with the lobes confluent, toothed, smooth ; root fusiform ; petals equal in length with the calyx ; pods blunt at both ends, rather turgid. O- H. Native throughout Europe, Persia, China, Java, and North America, about the banks of rivers, ponds, and ditches, and in damp but not very watery meadows ; frequent in Britain. Sisymbrium palustre, Leys. fl. hal. no. 679. Schkuhr. handb. 2. t. 187. Sisymbrium terrestre, With. brit. 582. Curt. fl. lond. 5. t. 49. Smith, engl. bot. 1747. Stok. mat. med. 3. p. 447. Sisymbrium amphibium a, Huds. 298. /3. Lin. fl. suec. ed. 2. p. 232. Sisymbrium Islandicum, Oed. fl. dan. t. 490. Myagrum palustre, Lam. diet. 1. p. 572. Flowers small, yellow. Far. ft, pus'Mum, (D. C. syst. 2. p. 192.) Q. H. Native of South of France. Myagrum pusillum, Lam. diet. 1. p. 572. Vill. dauph. 3. p. 341. t. 39. Plant small. Leaves divided into more linear lobes than the species. Far. y, barbareaefblmm (D. C. syst. 1. c.), Q. H. Brachy- lobos barbaresefolius, Desv. journ. bot. 1814. vol. 3. p. 170. Sisymbrium barbareaefolium, Del. fl. aeg. ill. p. 19. Native of Egypt about Rosetta. Plant larger in all its parts than the spe- cies, and the leaves are more profoundly pinnatifid. Far. S? tanacetijolium (D. C. syst. 1. c.). 0. H. Sisym- brium tanacetifblium, Walt. fl. carol, ex Bosc. Plant dwarfer ; leaves profoundly cut ; lobes pinnatifid ; siliques longer than those of the species. Far. e? brevipes (D.C. syst. 1. c.) differing from the species in the pedicels being very short, fructiferous ones hardly a line long and with the stigma nearly sessile. Q. H. Native of Porto-Ricco. Perhaps a distinct species. Far. £, Blumei ; auricles wanting. Native of Java. Marsh Nasturtium or Small jagged Water Radish, Fl. June, Sept. Britain. PI. 1 foot. 4 N. PORTORICE'NSE (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 882.) leaves inter- ruptedly pinnate, smooth ; segments oblong, obtuse, repand- crenate ; petals smaller than the calyx ; siliques rather cylin- drically-linear, crowned by the almost sessile stigma. %. F. Native of Porto Ricco and St. Domingo. Portorico Nasturtium. PI. 1 foot. 5 N. A'NCEPS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 137.) leaves pinnatifid, very smooth ; auricles stem-clasping ; stems creeping ; petals larger than the calyx ; pods pointed at both ends, two-edged. T± . H. Native on the banks of rivers above the water, among sand, about Upsal. Sisymbrium anceps, Wahl. fl. ups. p. 223. Si- symbrium ampliibium terrestre, Ehrh. beitr. 5. p. 22. Lin. spec, ed. 2. p. 917. Fl. dan. 984. Flowers yellow. Two-edged-podded. Nasturtium or Water Radish. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 foot. 6 N. MICRA'NTHUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 137.) pubescent ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets opposite, deeply jagged, with the terminal leaflet roundish-ovate ; petals larger than the calyx ; pods erect, linear-oblong, smooth. Q. I/.? Native of the East Indies. Sisymbrium micranthum. Roth. nov. pi. spec. 324. Like N. palustre. Flowers small, yellow. Small-flowered Nasturtium or Water Radish. Fl. June, Aug. PI. 1 foot. 7 N. MADAGASCARIE'NSE (D. C. syst. 2. p. 192.) leaves pin- nate ; leaflets stalked, pinnatifid ; lobes ovate, toothed, terminal one largest. ©. ? S. Native of the eastern coast of Madagas- car. Flowers small, not sufficiently known. Madagascar Nasturtium or Water Radish. PI. 1 foot. 8 N. MEXICA MUM (Moc. Sesse, and Cerv. fl. mex. icon. ined. and D. C. syst. 2. p. 1 93.) leaves pinnatifid, smooth ; lobes oblong, sinuately-toothed, blunt ; petals equal in length with the calyx ; pods declinate, somewhat twisted, three times longer than the calyx. 0 ? If. ? H. Native of Mexico on the margins of rivulets. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from N. palustre. Mexican Nasturtium or Water Radish. PI. 1 foot. 9 N. BONARIE'NSE (D. C. syst. 2. p. 193.) leaves pinnate- parted ; lobes distant, linear, somewhat toothed, smooth ; pods nearly erect, terete-compressed, twice or thrice longer than the pedicels. Q. H. Native of Buenos- Ayres. Sisymbrium Bo- nariense, Poir. diet. 7. p. 205. Flowers yellow. Root per- pendicular. Buenos-Ayrean Nasturtium or Water Radish. PI. -| foot. 10 N. CERATOPHY'LLUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 193.) leaves linear, CRUCIFER^l. III. NASTURTIUM. 157 pinnatifidly-toothed, smoothish ; pods shorter than the pedicel. O- H. Native of Mauritania in sandy places near Cafsa. Si- sy'mbrium ceratophyllum, Desf. atl. 2. p. 82. t. 154. Flowers yellow ; petals entire, one half longer than the calyx. Horn-leaved Nasturtium or Water Radish. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. | foot. UN. CORONOPIFO'LIUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 194.) leaves lanceo- late, pinnatifidly-toothed, pubescent ; stem almost naked, ascen- dant ; pods linear, incurved, length of the pedicels. O- H. Native of North Africa in a sandy desert near Cafsa. Sisym- brium coronopifolium, Desf. atl. 2. p. 82. t. 154. Stems tufted. Lower leaves almost like those of Plantago coronopus. Flowers yellow. Buckhorn-leaved Nasturtium or Water Radish. Fl. winter ; in England in July, Sept. Clt. 1820. PI. £ foot. 12 N. BURSIFO LIUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 194.) leaves villous, radical ones pinnatifid, stem ones sagittate, entire, acuminated ; stems erect, and are as well as pedicels hispid. (•)• H. Native of Kamtschatka. Sisymbrium bursifolium, Patr. ined. Root simple, perpendicular. Petals larger than the calyx, pale yellow. Shepherd's-purse-leaved Nasturtium or Water Radish. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.^1818. PI. J foot. 13 N. SAGITTA'TUM(R. Br. inhort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 111.) pubescent ; radical leaves dentately-runcinate, stem ones sagit- tate, oblong, blunt ; stems erect, branching from the base ; pods deflexed. If.. H. Native of Siberia at the Caspian sea. Si- sjmbrium. molle. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 122. Sisymbrium sagit- tiltum, Ait. hort. kew, ed. 1 . vol. 2. p. 390. Flowers pale yellow. ^rron'-leaved Nasturtium or Water Radish. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1 780. PI. | to 1 foot. 14 N. GLAUCOPHY'LLUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 195.) very smooth ; radical leaves stalked, obovately-orbicular, crenate, leathery ; upper ones linear, scale-like. If. ? H. Native of Persia near Teheran. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 14. Stems slender. A very distinct species from the whole. Perhaps it belongs to section Clandestinaria. Flowers yellow. Glaucous-leaved Nasturtium or Water Radish. PI. 1 foot. 15 N. LIPPIZE'NSE (D. C. syst. 2. p. 195.) radical leaves stalked, obovate, toothed, or somewhat lyrate, upper ones pin- nate-parted ; lobes linear, entire ; pods linear, declinate. 7f . H. Native of Croatia, Dalmatia, Carinthia, Hungary, about Lippa, and about Constantinople, &c., in rocky places, Sisymbrium Lip- pizense, Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 161. icon. rar. 3, t. 505. Si- symbrium sylvestre, var. ft, Willd. spec. 3. p. 490. An inter- mediate species between N. Pyrenaicum and N. sylvestre. Flowers yellow. Lippa Nasturtium or Water Radish. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. PI. | foot. 16 N. PYRENA'ICUM (R. Br. inhort. kew, ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 110.) radical leaves stalked, obovate or lyrate, stem ones stem-clasp- ing, pinnate-parted ; lobes linear, entire ; pods oval, pointed with the style. Tf. . H. Native of Spain and the Pyrenees and many other parts of the south of Europe, in dry hilly or mountainous pastures or in the fissures of rocks. Sisymbrium Pyrenaicum, Lin. spec. 917. Brachylobos Pyrenaicus, All. ped. no. 1013. t. 18. f. 1. Myagrum Pyrenaicum, Lam. diet. 1. p. 571. Le- pidium stylosum, Pers. ench. 2. p. 187. Root creeping. Flowers small, yellow. Var. ft, Brachylobos Domingensis, Desf. jour. 1814. vol. 3. p. 183. Sisymbrium Domingense, Poir. suppl. 5. p. 161. "%.. Native of St. Domingo. Pyrenean Nasturtium or Water Radish. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1775. PI. | to 1 foot. 17 N. AMPHI'BIUM (R. Br. inhort. kew, ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 110.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, lyrately-pinnatifid or serrated; root fibrous ; petals larger than the calyx ; pods ellipsoid, pointed with the style. If.. H. Native nearly throughout the whole of Europe, also in North America and Japan in rivers and ditches and places about their banks not constantly overflowed ; plentiful in' Britain. Sisymbrium amphibium, Lin. spec. 917. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1840. Sisym. Roipra, Scop. earn. ed. 2. no. 823. Camelma aquatica, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 564. Sisymb.' diversi- fblium, Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 450. Root not creeping. Flowers small, bright yellow. Var. a, indivisum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 197.) leaves all somewhat entire or serrated, not, or scarcely auricled at the base. Sisym- brium aquaticum, Gars. fig. t. 549. Var. ft, variifolium (D. C. syst. 1. c.) some of the leaves are serrated, others pectinately pinnatifid, and others are capilla- ceously-multifid. — Bauh. hist. 2. p. 867. f. 2. Var. y, auriculatum (D. C. syst. 1. c.) leaves undivided, eared at the base. Sisymbrium stoloniferum, Presl. fl. cech. p. 137. Amphibious Yellow Cress or Great Water Radish. Fl. June, Aug. Britain. PI. aquatic. 18 N. NA'TANS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 198.) emersed leaves lan- ceolate, entire, or serrated, immersed ones bi-tripinnatifid, with capillary segments; pods obovate, length of style. Tf..H. Native of Siberia in stagnant, saltish water at the river Alei, also of North America in water in Canada about Montreal. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 15. Myagrum natans, Patr. ined. Flowers smaller than those of N. amphibium, pale yellow, or almost white. Floating Yellow Cress or Water Radish. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. floating. 19 N. HETEROPHY'LLUM (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 202.) smooth ; stem angular, a little branched ; leaves toothletted, obovate, or rhomboid, entire, or somewhat lyrate, lower ones stalked, upper ones sessile ; siliques almost cylindrical, elon- gated, straight. O- H. Native of Java and Nipaul. Flowers small, white. Variable -leaved Nasturtium. PL i foot. 20 N. SPA'RSUM (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 202.) leaves pin- nate ; leaflets oval-oblong, obtuse, deeply serrated, pubescent, mucronulate ; corymbs few-flowered ; siliques terete, twice the length of the pedicels ; stem erect, branched. Q. H. Native of Nipaul. Scattered Nasturtium. PI. £ foot. SECT. III. CLANDESTINA'RIA (from clandestine, hidden, secret ; in allusion to the small, hardly evident petals, as well as from the species being imperfectly known). D. C. syst. 2. p. 198. prod. 1. p. 139. Petals none, or very small, and white. Pods somewhat cylindrical. A doubtful section. The generic characters of the species are not sufficiently known. Perhaps some of them belong to Sisymbrium, others to A'rabis. 21 N. BENGHALJE'NSE (D. C. syst. 2. p. 198.) leaves obo- vately-cuneated, toothed at the apex; pods somewhat cylin- drical and rather turgid ; pedicels a little shorter than the pods, furnished with bracteas. Q ? H. Native of Bengal, Sinapis Benghalensis, Roxb. ined. This species and the following are allied to Kibera, the IVth section of Sisymbrium in the dispo- sition of their flowers, but differ essentially in the short pods and accumbent cotyledons. Petals small, white. Bengal Nasturtium. Fl. in summer. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot. 22 N. DIFFU'SUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 139.) leaves smooth, stalked, oval-oblong, toothed, lower ones somewhat pinnatifid ; pods cylindrical, 3-times longer than the pedicels, distinct from the style ; some of the pedicels are furnished with bracteas, some are naked. 0. H. Native of Java. Stems many, dif- fuse. Pedicels 3 lines long. Petals small, white. Diffuse Nasturtium. PI. 1 foot. 23 N. MICROSPER'MUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 199.) leaves smooth, 158 CRUCIFERyE. III. NASTURTIUM. IV. LEPTOCARPJEA. V. NOTOCERAS. radical ones stalked, pinnate-parted, cauline ones stem-clasping, deeply serrated ; pods somewhat cylindrical ; pedicels very short, furnished with bracteas. O- H. Native of China in the pro- vince of Shantong. Flowers small, white, sessile, solitary, in the bosom of the bracteas. Small-seeded Nasturtium. PI. £ foot. 24 N. CLANDESTI'NUM (Spreng. nov. prov. p. 29. no. 63.) leaves pinnate ; lobes cordate, roundish, stalked, repand, ter- minal one large ; pods somewhat cylindrical, elongated. 0.H. Native of Brasil. Flowers inconspicuous, without petals. Like N. qfficinale. Hiddcn-neta\\ed Nasturtium. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. P. % ft. 25 N. I NDICUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 199.) smooth ; lower leaves spatulate, runcinately-toothed, upper ones lanceolate, tooth-letted ; pods somewhat cylindrical, 4-times longer than the pedicels. O- H. Native of the East Indies and China. Sisymbrium I'ndicum, Lin. mant. 93. Flowers small, without petals. Var, ft, Sisymbrium Sinapis, Burm. fl. ind. 140. exclusive of the synonyms. Native of Java. Var. y, Sisymbrium apetalum. Desf. cat, hort. par. 1804. p. 130. but not of Lour. Sisymb. dubium, Pers. ench. 2. p. 199. Indian Nasturtium. FL June, Jul. Clt. 1820. PL J foot. 26 N. APE'TALUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 200.) leaves downy, has- tate at the base, pinnatifid at the apex ; pods somewhat cylin- drical, declinate. O ? H. Native of Cochin-China in gardens and in humid places. Sisymbrium apetalum, Lour. coch. ed. Willd. 2. p. 486. Root fusiform. Petals wanting. Petalless Nasturtium. PI. J foot. 27 N. ? ARABIFO'RME (D. C. syst. 2. p. 220.) leaves smooth, bluntly sagittate, oblong-lanceolate, pointed, entire ; pods some- what cylindrical, ascending ; petals oblong, longer than the calyx. Native of South America between Santa Rosa de la Sierra and Puerto de Varientos, at the height of 4050 feet. Arabis resediflora, H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 81. Flowers white ; petals oblong-linear, drawn out at the base, double the length of the calyx. Arabis-like Nasturtium. PI. IJfoot. •f- Species not sufficiently known. 28 N. NEBRODE'NSE (Raf. in Desf. journ. 1814. vol.2, p. 270.). Native of the Nebrodes in Sicily. Sisymbrium Nebrc- dense, Poir. suppl. 5. p. 161. Radical leaves stalked, oblong, wedge-shaped, stem ones sessile, ovate toothed. Pods oval- oblong. Petals equal in length with the calyx. Nebrod'e Nasturtium. PI. 1 fobt. 29 N. HI'SPIUUM (B.C. syst. 2. p. 201.). Native of Penn- sylvania. Sisymbrium hispidum, Poir. suppl. 5. p. 161. but not of Vahl. nor Mocnch. Brachylobos hispidus, Desf. jour. 1814. vol. 3. p. 183. Leaves somewhat villous, pinnatifidly-runcinate ; lobes toothed ; teeth acute. Pods short, elliptical. Hispid Nasturtium. PI. 2 feet. 30 N. ATROVI'RENS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 201.) Q. H. Native of China. Sisymbrium atrovirens, Horn. hafn. suppl. p. 72. Habit of N. amphibmm. Lower leaves lyrately-pinnatifid, upper ones ovate-lanceolate, repandly-toothed. Pods arched. Evergreen Nasturtium. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1821. PI. 1 ft. 31 N. MYRIOPHY'ILUM (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 883.) leaves bi- pinnate, and are as well as the erect branched stem, hoary with stellate pubescence ; leaflets oblong, obtuse, cut ; racemes strict ; flowers small ; siliques lanceolate, smooth, erect, terminated by the short style. Native of Quito. Sisymbrium myriophyllum, Willd. in herb. Humb. Myriad-leaved Nasturtium. 'PL 2 feet. Cult. The species are mostly weedy and not worth culti- vating for ornament, and therefore they are only fit for the arrangements in botanic gardens. Those species belonging to sections Carddminum and Brachylobos, require a moist soil, some will require to be planted in water. The annual species may be sown in the open borders early in the spring. The rest will grow under any circumstances. IV. LEPTOCARP^A (Xf^roe, leptos, slender, /captor, karpos, a fruit ; slender pods.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 201. prod. 1. p. 140. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliquosa. Silique nearly cylin- drical, very slender, almost parallel with the axis. Stigma sessile, two-lobed. Calyx spreading, equal. Seeds small, disposed in one or perhaps in two series. The cotyledons are perhaps in- cumbent, and if so, it should have been placed next to Sisym- brium. An annual, erect, branching, herb, with pinnate-parted leaves and yellow scentless flowers. 1 L. IXESE'LII (D. C. syst. 2. p. 202.). Q. H. Native of Germany and other parts of Europe, on walls and similar places. Sisymbrium Lceselii, Lin. spec. 921. Jacq. fl. aust. t. 324. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1904. t. 187. Sisymbrium hispidum, Moench. suppl. 83. Turritis Lceselii, R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 109. Leaves stalked, pinnate-parted, somewhat lyrate ; lobes deeply toothed, accuminated. Racemes terminal, elongated. Pedicels filiform, slender, bractless, spreading ob- liquely. Lcesel's Leptocarpsea. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1683. PL 1 foot. Cult. The seeds of this plant should be sown in the open border, or on rock-work, where it will succeed better, and it may afterwards be allowed to sow itself. Not worth general cul- tivation. V. NOTO'CERAS (from viaroc, notos, the back, and xepat, keras, a horn ;) pods furnished with horns or points on the back at the apex (f. 46. «.). R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 1812. vol. 4. p. 117. D. C. syst. 2. p. 202. prod. 1. p. 140. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliquosa. Silique quadrangular, 2 -edged, the valves are drawn out at top into a horn or mucrone. Seeds oval, compressed. Small annual herbs with erect or procumbent stems, and oblong or nearly linear, entire or sinuated leaves. Racemes opposite the leaves, also situated at the lower part of the stem. Flowers small, sometimes without petals. SECT. I. DICERA'TIUM (from etc, dig, two, rcpae, keras, a horn ; pods furnished with two horns or points at the apex.) Lag. el. hort. madr. 1815. p. 20. D. C. syst. 2. p. 203. prod. 1. p. 140. Silique dehiscent, 2-horned. Seeds compressed. Cotyle- dons parallel with the dissepiment. Flowers small, yellow. Leaves entire, covered with appressed strigose 2-parted hairs. 1 N. CANARIE'NSE (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 1 17.) pods 2-horned ; petals equal ; leaves entire ; hair pressed, 2-parted strigose, fixed by their cen- tre, scattered. O. H. Native of the Canary Islands, particularly TenerifTe. Jacq. fil. eel. t. 111. Erysimum bicorne, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 394. Seeds near- ly orbicular, compressed, 4 in each cell. Canary-Island Notoceras. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1779. PL £ foot. 2 N. HISPA'NICUM (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 117.) pods 2-horned ; petals unequal ; leaves entire ; hairs strigose, fixed by their middle ; hence 2-parted, crowded. 0. H. Native of Spain, among sandy-calcareous rubbish. FIG. 48. CRUCIFER^E. V. NOTOCERAS. VI. BARBAREA. 159 Diceratium prostratum, Lag. clench, hort. madr. 1815. p. 20. — Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 17. Very like N. Canariense, but differ- ing by its smaller, more rigid, and more prostrate habit. Spanish Notoceras. Fl. Year. Clt. 1820. PI. £ trailing. SECT. II. TETRACERA'TIUM (from rerpa, tctra, four-fold, and «pac, keras, a horn ; pods furnished with four horns at the apex,) (f. 46. a.). D. C. syst. 2. p. 204. prod. 1. p. 140. Siliques 4-horned. Flowers small, perhaps without petals. Leaves sinu- ately-toothed. Plants covered with soft-branched down. 3 N. QUADRICORNE (D. C. syst. 2. p. 204.) pods 4-horned (f. 46. o.) ; leaves sinuately-toothed ; down soft-branched. Q. H. Native of Siberia, between the rivers Volga and Kuma, or Kama. Erysimum quadricorne, Steph. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 514. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 16. Four- horned-podded Notoceras. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1817. PL £ foot. SECT. ? III. MACROCERA'TICM (from fiaKpoe, makros, long, and Ktpar, keras, a horn ; pods furnished with two long horns or points at the apex.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 204. prod. 1. p. 140. Siliques indehiscent, 2-horned. Seeds oblong, contrary to the dissepiment. Flowers white. Leaves pinnate. Perhaps a pro- per genus. 4 N. ? CARDAMINEFOLIUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 205.) pods 2- horned; leaves smooth, pinnate. O- H. Native of Pontus, in fields, at the Bosphorus, and in the Island of Cyprus. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 18. Lepidium cornutum, Smith, fl. graec. t. 617. Andrzejowskia Cardamine, Rchb. — Buxb. cent. 1. p. 5. t. 9. f. 1 . Stem simple or scarcely branched. Lady's-Smock-lcaved Notoceras. Fl. May, Aug. PI. 1 foot. Cult. These plants may be sown in the open border, in com- mon garden soil ; but, however, they answer better for rock- work. Not worth cultivating for ornament. VI. BARBAREA (anciently called herb of St. Barbara.) R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 109. D. C. syst. 2. p. 205. prod. 1. p. 140. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, SHiquosa. Silique 4-sided ; 2- edged ; valves concave-keeled, awnless at the apex. Calyx equal at the base. Seeds disposed in one series. Herbs peren- nial, very smooth, with fibrous roots and erect stems. Racemes terminal, erect. Pedicels bractless. Flowers yellow. 1 B. VULGA'RIS (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol.4, p. 109.) lower leaves lyrate, terminal lobe roundish ; upper leaves obo- vate, toothed or pinnatifid ; silique tetragonal, linear, pointed with the style. I/. H. Native nearly throughout Europe, in moist waste places, about hedges and marshy meadows ; plentiful in Britain, also in the islands of Unalaschka, Kamtschatka, and at the mouth of the Columbia river. Erysimum Barbarea, Lin. spec. 922. Far. a, and y, Oed. fl. dan. t. 985. Smith, eng. bot. 443. Schkuhr. handb. no. 1834. t. 183. Schrank. mon. 2. t. 128. Erysimum lyraefblium, Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 459. Var. ft, fare plena (D. C. syst. 2. p. 206.) flowers double, yellow. Var. y, grdcilis (D. C. syst. 2. p. 206.) stem slender, sparingly branched ; upper leaves somewhat cut. Tl . H. Native of Si- beria and Kamtschatka. Perhaps a proper species. Plant inter- mediate between B. vulgaris and B. prce'cox. The whole herb has a nauseous bitter taste, and is in some degree mucilaginous, and it is sometimes cultivated as a spring salad, but has nothing in flavour to recommend it. In Sweden they boil the leaves as kale. In Germany the plant is called Winterkresse, Barbenkraut, Rapunzel, Seuskraut, Habichtskraut, Gebber Beyfuss andfalscfie Bvmon. In Denmark, Vinterkars. In Sweden, Vinterkrass. In France, La Barbaree, I'herbe Saint Barbe, Roquelte, I'herbe aux Charpentiers. In Italy, erba di Santa Barbara, Roquetta'. In Spain and Portugal, Heroa, or Herba de Santa Barbara and Ruqueta. Herb St. Barbara, Common Winter- Cress, or Yellow Rocked. Fl. May, Aug. Britain. PI. 1 or 1J feet. 2 B. VR-ECOX (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 109.) lower leaves lyrate, terminal lobe ovate ; upper leaves pinnate- parted ; lobes linear-oblong, quite entire ; silique linear-elong- ated, compressed 2-edged, crowned by a very short thickened style. I/. H. Native of France, England, (most common in Devon- shire) in watery, grassy places, or on the banks of ditches. Also of North America, on banks of rivers ; abundant from Canada to Lat. 68°. Erysimum prse'cox, Smith, fl. brit. 2. p. 707. eng. bot. t. 1129. Erysimum tenuifolium, Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 460. This plant is called in German, Americanuher ; in French, Cresson d'Amerique, or Roquette des Jardins, In English, American-Cress, or Black American-Cress, French-Cress, or Belle isle-Cress. It is generally liked as a winter cress, and early spring salad, resembling in flavour the common water-cress, but rather more bitter. It is in demand in some places through- out the year. It is raised from seeds, and for every ten feet of drill, a quarter of an ounce will be requisite. Sow in a bed of light dry earth, rather in drills nine inches apart than broad- cast. For winter and spring use make a sowing in the last fort- night of August or beginning of September, on a warm sheltered border. If wanted throughout summer sow every six weeks from March to August, giving a sunny or shaded situation, ac- cording to the advancement of the season. Water occasionally in hot dry weather. At the approach of winter, shelter the plants, by laying a few light twigs among them, so as not to in- terfere with their growth, and upon these a covering of fern, reeds, or dry litter. The plants being cut, or the outside leaves stripped off, slfoot again for another gathering. Let a few choice plants, raised in spring, run to seed ; which will be ready to ga- ther before the decline of summer. Early Winter-Cress. Fl. April, Oct. Britain. PI. 1 to li feet. 3 B. RUPI'COLA (Moris, stirp. sard, clench, fasc. 1. ex. bull, sc. July, 1828. p. 348.) plant tufted ; lower leaves on long peti- oles, simple or somewhat lyrate, with the terminal lobe cordate- ovate ; upper leaves deeply pinnatifid ; siliques long, straight ; petals obovately-spatulate. If. . H. Native of Sardinia, upon rocks in the mountains. This species is very like B. preecox. Rock Winter-Cress. Fl.-Ap. Ju. PI. 1 foot. 4 B. TAU'RICA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 207.) radical and lower leaves pinnatifidly-lyrate ; terminal lobe and upper leaves ovate, toothed ; pedicels spreading ; pods ascending. If. . H. Native of Tauria and Volhynia, in ditches and hedges ; also in the Alps of Caucasus. Erysimum arcuatum, Presl. fl. cech. 138. Barbarea arcuata, Andrz. in. litt. and Rchb. Root creeping. Taurian Winter-Cress. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1826. PI. 1J foot. 5 B. IBE'RICA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 208.) radical and lower leaves pinnate-parted, lyrate ; lateral lobes ovate ; terminal one cordate, entire ; upper leaves bluntly-auricled at the base. I/ . H. Native of Siberia, at Achalgory ; also of Podolia ? Cheiranthus Ibericus, Willd. enum. 2. p. 681. Cheiranthus laevigatus, Willd. herb. Barbarea stricta, Bess. enum. volh. no. 1551. Pods straight, pressed to the rachis. Iberian Winter-Cress. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. j foot. 6 B. PLANTAGI'NEA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 208.) lower leaves dentately-lyrate, lateral lobes tooth-like, terminal one large, somewhat cordate ; upper leaves ovate ; pods somewhat in- curved. Native of the Levant, Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 19. Si- symbrium Barbarea, Lin. spec. 921. Very like B. vulgaris, but 160 CRUCIFER^:. VI. BARBAREA. VII. STEVENIA. VIII. BRAYA. IX. TURRITIS. it is larger in all its parts. Radical leaves lyrate, emulating those of Doronicum plantagineum. Plantain-leaved Winter-Cress. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1799. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 7 B. INTEGRIFOLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 208.) radical leaves en- tire, oblong, stalked ; stem ones auriculately-stem-clasping. If.. H. Native of Cappadocia. Pods unknown, but from the habit of the plant it appears to be related to Barbarea. Entire-leaved Winter-Cress. PI. £ foot. Cult. None of these plants are worth cultivating for orna- ment, except the double flowering variety of Barbarea vulgdris, commonly called Double-yellow Rocket, which is certainly a very ornamental plant for flower borders ; this may be increased by cuttings, suckers, or dividing the plants at the root. The B. pro? cox is cultivated in gardens as a spring salad, and this as well as the rest of the species are easily increased by seed, or di- viding the plants at the root. They thrive best in a damp or moist situation, in any kind of soil. VII. STEVE'NIA (in honour of Christian Steven, Coun- sellor of the university of Moscow, author of a paper on some new plants from Caucasus, published in Lin. Transactions, vol. xi.) Adams, et Fisch. in mem. loc. nat. mosc. 5. p. 84. D. C. syst. 2. p. 209. prod. 1. p. 141. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliqudsa. Silique oblong, few- seeded, narrowest between the seeds (f. 46. 6.) ; valves flat, somewhat torulose. Calyx blsaccate at the base. Herbs grey- ish-velvety from branched down. Stems erect, cylindrical, more or less branched, rarely simple. Leaves oblong, entire. Flowers white or purplish. Pods erect pubescent. Racemes terminal : pedicels bractless. 1 S. ALYSSO'IDES (Adams, et Fisch. 1. c. 5. p. 84.) stem some- what ascendant, much branched ; pods shorter than the pedicels. Q. H. Native of Siberia, in the mountains about Werkhojana, and among stones on the banks of the river Lena, below Shi- gansk. Flowers white ; petals oval-oblong, entire. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 20. The whole plant is covered with stellate hairs. Alyssurn-like Stevenia. Fl. Jun. Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. | foot. 2 S. CHERANTHOIDES (D. C. syst. 2. p. 210.) stem strictly erect, simple or sparingly branched ; pods longer than the pedi- cels. $ . H. Native of Ulterior Siberia. Altaia, on a stony hill on the western side of the town, called Gazimour. De- less. icon. sel. 2. t. 21. Sisymbrium tomentosum, Stev. in litt. Cheiranthus salhius, Willd. herb. Root hard, rather woody. Flowers varying from white to purplish. Far. /3, A'rabis incarnata, Pall, in herb. Lamb. Differs from the species in having longer leaves, which are nearly an inch long, and in having a more branched stem. Wall-flower-like Stevenia. Fl. Jun. Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. £ ft. Cult. The species of this genus answer well for ornament- ing rock-work, where the seeds should be sown in the spring, but not sooner than the end of March. VIII. BRA' YA (in honour of Gabriel, Count Bray, a Bava- rian nobleman and botanist.) Sternb. et Hopp. diss. with a figure. ex Goett. anzeig. Jan. 1827. p. 155. D. C. syst. 2. p. 210. prod. 1. p. 141. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliquosa. Silique oblong, some- what cylindrical ; with flattish valves and a sessile stigma. Seeds few, ovate. Calyx equal at the base. — Small herbs with the habit of A'rabis ccerulea, villous with branched down. Leaves linear smooth ; radical ones crowded, stem ones few. Racemes terminal, at first corymbose, afterwards lengthening out. Pedicels shorter than the calyx. Flowers purplish. 1 B. ALP!NA (Sternb. et. Hopp. 1. c.) leaves spatulately-linear, entire ; fructiferous, racemes short. I/ . H. Native of Upper Carinthia and Salisburgh, in the Alps. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 22. Alpine Eraya. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1821. PI. 1 inch. 2 B. GLABE'LLA (Richard, in Frankl. narr, journ. p. 743.) leaves linear, for the most part remotely toothed ; fructiferous, racemes loose, elongated. Tf.. H. Native of Copper moun- tains, from Point Lake to the Arctic Sea. Stems erect, ribbed. Pods torulose. Smooth Braya. Fl. April, June. PI. 3 inches. 3 B. PILOSA (Hook, fl.bor. amer. t. 17. f. A.) stem woody at the base ; leaves lanceolate, pilose rosulate, entire ; scapes naked ; racemes crowded many-flowered, at length elongated ; stigma slightly 2-lobed. I/ . H. Native of North America, perhaps on the Rocky Mountains. Every part of the plant ap- pears to be more or less pilose. A beautiful tufted plant. Pilose Braya. Fl. April, June. PI. 3 foot. Cult. The species of this genus are pretty little alpine plants ; they should be kept in pots of a small size, which should be well drained with potsherds, and treated as other alpine plants. The mould which answers them best, is an equal mixture of sand, loam, and peat. They may be increased by dividing the plants at the root, or by seeds. If they would stand the winter unshel- tered, they would be a desirable addition to rock-plants. IX. TURRFTIS (from turns, a tower ; in allusion to the disposition of the foliage on the stems, which gives to them a pyramidal form ; from the same reason the plants are called Toner-Mustard^) Dill. nov. gen. in pi. giess. p. 120. t. 6. Cart, fruct. 2. p. 297. t. 143. D. C. syst. 2. p. 211. prod. 1. p. 141. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliquosa. Silique linear, with flat valves. Seeds in two rows in each cell. Herbs erect, adult ones usually smooth, but the younger ones are scabrous. Cau- line leaves clasping the stem, somewhat sagittate, radical ones toothed, drawn out along the petiole. Racemes elongated. Pedicels bractless. Flowers white, or sulphur-coloured. 1 T. GLA'BRA (Lin. spec. 930.) erect ; radical leaves stalked, toothed, pilose ; cauline ones broad-lanceolate, sagittate, clasping the stem, quite entire, smooth glaucous ; pods narrow-linear ; erect, six times longer than the pedicels ; petals hardly longer than the calyx. $ . H. Native throughout Europe in dry ex- posed situations : in Britain, on banks by road sides, in a dry gravelly soil, rare in Scotland ; also of North America, from Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains, and as far north as lat. 64\ Smith, eng. bot. t. 777. Fl. dan. t. 809. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1859. t. 185. Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 464. A'rabis perfo- liata, Lam. diet. 1. p. 219. A'rabis glabra, Weim. cat. hort. dorp. 1810. p. 18. Sisymbrium simplicissimum, Lapeyr. abr. 382. Flowers pale, sulpher-coloured. Var. ft, rambsa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 212.) Turritis major, Clus. hist. 2. p. 12G. f. 2. Smooth or Common Tower Mustard. Fl. May, June. Bri- tain. PI. 2 or 3 feet. 2 T. SALSUGINOSA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 212.) leaves smooth, lower ones toothed, cauline ones entire, clasping the stem ; pods erectish, four times longer than the pedicels. Q. H. Native of Siberia. Very common about salt lakes, and on the gravelly banks of ditches, especially at the lakes Irtish and Baical, and in Dahuria, beyond the river Kur. Sisymbrium salsugineum, Pall. itin. 2. append, no. 114. t. V. ed. gall. min. 8. p. 342. no. 348. t. 64. Flowers small white. Seeds yellow. Brine Tower Mustard. Fl. May, Jun. Clt. 1819. PI. 2 ft. 3 T. HISPIDULA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 213.) leaves scabrous with flocky, down, cauline ones clasping the stem, oblong-lanceolate, and somewhat serrated ; pods erectish, somewhat scabrous, three times longer than the pedicel. (•)• H. Native of South Ame- CRUCIFERyE. IX. TURRITIS. X. ARABIS. 161 rica, in the kingdom of Quito, in the mountain Cotopaxi, at the height of 6600 feet. A'rabis andicola, H. B. et Kth. nov. spec, amer. 5 p. 81. Petals white, linear, blunt. Seeds innumerable, small, brown. Hispidish Tower-Mustard. PI. 2 feet. 4 T. M6i.Lis (Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 40.) erect ; lower leaves spatulate, sinuately-toothed, upper ones lanceolate, broadly-sa- gittate, quite entire, all as well as the stem and pedicels covered with numerous spreading soft hairs ; siliques linear-elongated, erect. Q, H. Native of North America, on the shores of the Arctic Sea. Flowers white. Soft Tower-Mustard. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 foot. 5 T. STRICTA (Graham in edinb. phil. journ. July, 1829. p. 7. Hook. 1. c.) erect, smooth ; leaves lanceolate, radical ones stalked, toothed, cauline ones sagittate, half stem-clasping, a little toothed, siliques linear-elongated, erect. 0. H. Native of North America, in prairies of the Rocky Mountains and about Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia. Flowers pure white. Straight-podded Tower-Mustard. Fl. Jun. Jul. Clt. 1826. PI. | to 1 foot. 6 T. PA'TULA (Graham, in edin. phil. journ. July, 1829. p. 7. Hook. 1. c. but not of Ehrh. or Willd.) erect ; leaves lanceolate, radical ones stalked, toothed, cauline ones sagittate, half-stem- clasping, smooth, and a little toothed ; flowers spreading, as well as linear-elongated siliques. Q. H. Native of North America. Flowers rather large, of a beautiful rose-purple colour. Var. a, subpubescens ; radical leaves sparingly pubescent. Native from Canada to Lat. 68°., and from Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains, and even to Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia. Var. j3, incana ; radical leaves hoary with pubescence. Na- tive on the highest summits of the Rocky Mountains. Spreading Tower-Mustard. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 ft. 7 T. RETROFRA'CTA (Hook. flor. bor. amer. p. 41.) plant erect, hoary-pubescent, or smooth ; leaves lanceolate, radical ones stalked-toothed, cauline ones sagittate, half-stem-clasping, smooth, a little toothed ; flowers drooping ; siliques linear, elon- gated, and are, as well as the pedicels, bent backwards. 0. H. Native of North America, from Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains, and from Canada to Lat. 68°., at the Mackenzie River. A'rabis retrofracta, Graham, in edin. phil. journ. July, 1829. Flowers white, with a faint purplish tinge.j RetrofractedpeAicelled Tower-Mustard. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 foot. 8 T. DIFFUSA (Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 41.) plant quite smooth, glaucous ; stems branched, diffuse ; radical leaves spatu- late, almost entire, cauline ones sagittate, hardly toothed ; sili- ques linear, spreading, twice as long as the pedicels. ©. H. Native of North America on the shores of the Arctic Sea. Flowers small, and probably white. This may prove to be a spe- cies of A'rabis. Diffuse Tower-Mustard. PI. diffuse. Cult. As the species of this genus are all weedy-like plants, they are only fit for the arrangements in botanical gardens. They only require to be sown in the open border ; or on rock-work, in any kind of soil. X. A'RABIS (originally from Arabia, but this name is not very precise, as the species of the genus are found in many parts of the world, in arid, stony, and sandy places, in cold and mild climates). Lin. gen. no. 818. Lam. ill. t. 563. D. C. syst. 2. p. 213. prod. 1. p. 142. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliquosa. Silique linear, with flat, 1 -nerved valves. Seeds oval, or orbicular, compressed, in 1 row in each cell. Cotyledons flat. Herbs annual or perennial, more or less branched. Radical leaves usually stalked, cauline VOL. i. — PART n. ones sessile or clasping the stem, entire or toothed, rarely lobed. Hairs variable, but usually those on the stems are simple, and those on the leaves are either bifid or trifid. Racemes terminal ; pedicels bractless. Flowers white, very rarely red. The genus is called Wall-Cress in English, because the species usually grow in stony places or on walls. SECT. I. ALOMA'TIUM (from a, priv. and Xwyua, loma, fringe, in allusion to the seeds being destitute of a wing round their edge, or with a very narrow one). D. C. syst. 2. p. 214. prod. 1. p. 142. Seeds not edged, or girded with a very narrow wing. § 1. Obovatipetala. Cauline leaves cordate, clasping the stem. Limb of petals obovate, spreading, distinct from the clan. 1 A. VE'RNA (R. Br. in hort. kew, ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 105.) cauline leaves cordate, clasping the stem, toothed, scabrous with 3-parted hairs ; pedicels shorter than the calyx ; stigma somewhat emarginate. ©. H. Native throughout the south of Europe in corn fields and gravelly places. Hesperis verna, Lin. spec. 928. Smith, fl. grasc. 641. A'rabis violacea, Moench. meth. 259. Turritis purpurea, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 491. — Mor. hist. 2. p. 241. sect. 3. t. 8. f. 5. Petals small, purple, with a white claw. Vernal Wall-Cress. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1710. PL | to £ ft. 2 A. RO'SEA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 215.) cauline leaves oblong, somewhat cordate and somewhat stem-clasping, scabrous with branched hairs ; pedicels longer than the calyx ; stigma apicu- lated. $ . H. Native of Calabria about Cozenza. Petals rose-purple, oblong, somewhat wedge-shaped, double the length of the calyx. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 23. Rose-coloured-dowered Wall-Cress. Fl. May, July. PI. 1 ft. 3 A. VISCO'SA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 216.) leaves distantly-toothed, scabrous with branched hairs ; radical leaves stalked, obovate- oblong, very blunt, cauline ones ovate-cordate, clasping the stem ; pedicels equal in length with the calyx, which is hairy. 34. H. Native of the north of Persia on the Alps. Cardamine viscosa, Gmel. in herb. Pall. A tufted plant, with white flowers. Clammy Wall-Cress. Fl. April, May. PL 4 foot. 4 A. ALPI'NA (Lin. spec, 928.) leaves many-toothed, lanceo- late, acute, villous with branched hairs, radical ones somewhat stalked, cauline ones cordate, clasping the stem ; pedicels longer than the calyx, which is smoothish. I/ . H. Native of Europe on rocks and among stones in calcareous mountains, in sunny situations ; Spain, Lapland, Greenland, Switzerland, Pyrenees, also Madeira and Labrador, &c. Curt. hot. mag. t. 226. A tufted plant, with white flowers. Var. ft, Clusiana (Schrank, fl. mon. 2. p. 125.) leaves more sparingly and more bluntly toothed. Clus. hist. 2. p. 125. f. 2. Var. y, nana (Baugm. trans. 2. p. 263.) A dwarfer plant. Alpine Wall-Cress. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1596. PL i ft. 5 A. A'LBIDA (Stev. in cat. hort. gor. 1812. p. 51.) leaves few- toothed, hoary, or downy with branched hairs ; radical leaves obovate-oblong, cauline ones cordately-saglttate, clasping the stem ; pedicels longer than the calyx. 1£ . H. Native of Tauria and Caucasus on rocks. Jacq. fil. eel. 1. p. 105. t. 71. A. Caudisica, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 45. Schrank. hort. mon. t. 24. A. alpina, Pall. ined. Cheiranthus mollis, Horn. hort. hafn. p. 615. Very like A. alpina, but easily distinguished from it by its larger flowers and few-toothed leaves. A tufted plant with white flowers. JF7«fc-leaved Wall-Cress. Fl. Jan. May. Clt. 1798. PL | ft. 6 A. UNDULA'TA (Link. enum. hort. berl. 2. p. 161.) stem erect, and is hairy as well as the oblong-toothed waved leaves ; pods spreading; style the breadth of the pod. I/. H. Native of the south of Europe. Like A. albida, but the whole plant is Y 162 CRUCIFERJ2. X. AKABIS. smaller in all its parts, and the leaves are less hoary. A tufted rather straggling plant with white flowers. Waved-leaved Wall-Cress. Fl. May, Aug. PI. J foot. 7 A. BILLARDJE'RU (D. C. syst. 2. p. 218.) leaves few-toothed, hoary or downy with branched hairs, lower onesobovately-wedge- shaned, upper ones oblong an& clasping the stem ; pedicels longer than the calyx ; pods, when nearly ripe, spreading. If. ? H. Native of Syria near Damascus, on a mountain called Dgebel-cher. A tufted plant with white flowers. Like A. al- pina. Pods smooth, an inch and a half long. La Billardiere's Wall-Cress. PI. \ foot. 8 A. BREVIFO'LIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 218.) leaves with a few blunt teeth, downy with branched hairs, radical ones obovate, stem ones cordately-sagittate, ovate, nearly entire ; pedicels longer than the calyx; pods spreading, rather curved. %, H. Native of Syria. A tufted plant, with white flowers. Short-leaved Wall-Cress. PI. i foot. 9 A. THYRSOI'DEA (Smith, fl. grace, t. 642.) leaves obovate, bluntly-toothed, hoary with branched hairs, cauline ones clasp- ing the stem ; racemes capitate ; pedicels rather shorter than the calyx ; pods curved, ascendant. If. . H. Native of Bithynia on the top of Mount Olympus. A tufted plant with white flowers. 7%rse-flowered Wall-Cress. PI. J foot. 10 A. LONGIFO LIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 219.) leaves toothed, hoary with branched hairs, lower ones obovately-oblong, on long stalks, cauline ones oblong, somewhat stem-clasping ; pedicels longer than the calyx. 2£ . H. Native of Persia. Very like A. d/bida, but distinct. Deless. icon, sel. 2. t. 25. A tufted plant, with white flowers. Long-leaved Wall-Cress. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820. PL 1 ft. 11 A. MO'LLIS (Stev. mem. soc. nat. mosc. 3. p. 270.) leaves grossly-toothed, somewhat pubescent with small stellate hairs, lower ones on long petioles, cordate-roundish, cauline ones ovate- cordate, clasping the stem. Native of Caucasus on shaded rocks. Having the appearance of Alliariaojjicinalis. Flowers white. Soft Wall-Cress. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823. PI. 2 feet. 12 A. TOXOPHY'LLA (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 448.) leaves somewhat pubescent with small stellate hairs, radical ones oblong, stalked, rather sinuately-toothed, stem ones sagittate- lanceolate, quite entire ; pedicels longer than the calyx. $ . H. Native of sunny fields on the lower Volga, not far from the colony of Sarepta, on hills about Catherinoslaw, also in the desert of Issiro. Sisymbrium salsugineum, Schlecht. in herb. Willd. A very distinct and elegant species. Flowers white, about the size of those of A. alpina. Bow-leaved Wall-Cress. PI. 1 foot. ^ 2. Oblongipetala. Cauline leaves cordate, clasping the stem. Petals oblong, or linear-cuneated, erect. 13 A. AURICULA'TA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 219.) leaves somewhat toothed, scabrous with branched hairs, lower ones oval, drawn out at the base into the petiole ; stem ones bluntly cordate-auri- culate ; pedicels hardly longer than the calyx ; pods smooth or pubescent. Var. a, A. aspera (All. ped. auct. p. 18. t. 2. f. 2.). Native of Piedmont, Occitania, Provence, &c. on hills in sandy or gravelly soil. Var. ft, A. erecta (Vill. dauph. 3. p. 319. t. 37.). Native of Spain in the same kind of situations as the rest. Var. y, Turritis pdtula, (Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 259 ? Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 59. t. 59.) Native of Hungary, &c. Var. S, dasycarpa (Andrz. in litt.) pods pubescent. O- H. Native of Thuringia and South Podolia. A. recta, Baugm. fl. trans. 2. p. 267. Pods pubescent, Wallr. All the above varie- ties have been considered by some botanists sufficient to consti- tute distinct species, but they agree in habit and character, and can scarcely be considered even varieties. Petals white, oblong. £«r-leaved Wall-Cress. Fl. May. Cult. 1805. PI. f foot. 14 A. SAXA'TILIS (All. pcd. no. 973.) leaves somewhat toothed, scabrous with branched hairs, lower leaves oval, drawn out a little along the petiole, stem ones acutely-cordate-auriculate ; pedicels at last 4-times longer than the calyx. $ . H. Native among rocks in the lower mountains of Provence, Dauphiny, Savoy, Vallais, and Piedmont. A. nova, spec. Vill. dauph. 3. p. 319. t. 37. Petals white. Var. ft, Tourrette Cantonense, (Reyn. mem. Swiss. 1. p. 168.) Plant a little more hoary than the species. Stone Wall-Cress. Fl. May, 1805. PI. I foot. 15 A. CRISPA'TA (Willd. enum. 684.) leaves acutely-toothed, scabrous with branched hairs, lanceolate, clasping the stem, waved, radical ones drawn out along the petiole ; pedicels longer than the calyx ; pods spreading. If. . H. Native of Carniola. A tufted plant with obovate-oblong, blunt, white petals. Crisp-leaved Wall-Cress. Fl. May. Clt. 1816. PI. 4 foot. 16 A. SAGITTA TA (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. 592. syst. 2. p. 221.) leaves a little toothed, scabrous with branched hairs, radical ones ovate or oblong, drawn out along the petiole, stem ones lanceo- late, sagittately-cordate ; pedicels length of calyx ; pods strictly erect. $ . H. Native throughout the temperate parts of the northern hemisphere in rugged places, among stones, &c. This is a very variable plant, even in the same situation. Var. a, Gerardiana (D. C. syst. 2. p. 222.) leaves scabrous, stem ones drawn out into auricles at the base. $ . H. Native of the south of Europe, particularly in the south of France, Italy, &c. Var. ft, subglabrata (D. C. syst. 1. c.) leaves nearly smooth, stem ones auriculately-sagittate ; racemes compound. Q. H. Native of Vascony. Flowers white. Var. y, ovata (D. C. syst. 1. c.) leaves scabrous, radical ones ovate toothed, cauline ones clasping the stem. $ . H. Native of North America. A. ovala, Poir. suppl. 5. p. 557. Var. S, oblonga/a (D.C. 1. c.) leaves scabrous, radical ones ovate-oblong, toothed, with the petiole shorter than the leaf, cauline ones sagittate, clasping the stem. $ . H. Native of North America, Turritis oblongata, Raf. amer. monthl. mag. 2. p. 44. Var. f, longisiliquosa (D. C. syst. 1. c.) pods 10-times longer than the pedicels. A. longisiliquosa, Wallr. sched. p. 359. Arrom-leaved Wail-Cress. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. ? PI. £ ft. 17 A. HIRSU TA (Scop. earn. ed. 2. n. 835.) leaves toothed, scabrous with branched hairs, radical ones ovate-oblong, drawn out along the petiole, stem ones ovate or lanceolate, sagittate ; pedicels length of the calyx; pods numerous, erect. $ . H. Native of middle and northern Europe in fields and rugged places, viz. Germany and Austria, also of North America from Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains, and at the Columbia river on the north-west coast and from Canada to lat. 68°, as well as in the island of Unalaschka and Kamtschatka ; in England, Sussex, in Svvitham Botton near Croydon, on the walls of La- kenham church-yard near Norwich, also near Bury, &c. Frequent on dry rocks in Scotland, Schrank. fl. mon. 3. t. 248. Turritis hirsuta, Lin. spec. 930. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 126. Smith, engl. hot. t. 587. Schkuhr. handb. 2. t. 185. Fl. dan. t. 1040. A'rabis montana, Lam. diet. 1. p. 219. Turritis ovata, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 438. Turritis sagittata, Richards, in Frankl. 1st journ. ed. 2. app. p. 26. Scarcely distinct from A. sagit- tala, unless that the leaves are not sagittate at the base. Flowers white. Hairy Wall-Cress. Fl. May, July. Britain. PI. | or 1 ft. ISA. STENOPE'TAIA (Willd. enum. suppl. 46.) leaves hispid, grossly toothed, radical ones oblong-lanceolate, stalked, cauline CRUCIFER&. X. ARABIS. 163 ones ovate, clasping the stem ; petals erect, linear, twice the length of the calyx. $ . H. Native of Kamtschatka. Horn. hafn. 2. p. 619. A. hirsuta, var. Cham, et Schlech. in Linnsea 1. p. 15. Petals linear, blunt, white. Pods very upright. Narrow-detailed, Wall-Cress. Fl. Jul. Clt. 1826. PL £ ft. 19 A. CURTISI'LIQUA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 223.) leaves oblong, nearly entire, ciliated with simple hairs, radical ones drawn out along the petiole ; cauline ones clasping the stem a little ; pe- dicels length of calyx ; pods erect. $ . H. Native of Scania. Turritis curtisiliqua, Fries ex Horn. herb. Flowers white. Short-podded Wall-Cress. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl.fft. §3. Sessilifblia. Stem leaves sessile; petals oblong, or linear- cuneated, erect. 20 A. ALLIO'NII (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. C7G.) leaves smooth, ra- dical ones ovate-oblong, somewhat toothed, drawn out at the base, stem ones sessile, ovate, serrated ; pedicels rather longer than the calyx ; pods erect, 'y. . H. Native of Piedmont in humid meadows. Turritis stricta, All. auct. p. 18. T. nemo- rensis, Wulf. Flowers white. Calyx pale, at last spreading a little. Stem simple. Allioni's Wall-Cress. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1804. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 21 A. MURA'LIS (Bertol. dec. ital. 2. p. 37.) leaves covered with branched hairs, radical ones spatulate, bluntly-toothed, stem ones ovate, acutely toothed ; racemes straight ; pedicels at last double the length of the calyx. 1£. H. Native of Etruria. Cevennes, Savoy and Vallais on rocky mountains. A'rabis hiimilis, Schleich. pi. helv. A tufted plant, with white flowers. Petals oblong, Wall-Cress. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. PI. i foot. 22 A. STRI'CTA (Huds. angl. 292.) leaves ciliated-scabrous, with bifid hairs, radical ones oblong, tapering to the base, some- what lyrately-pinnatifid, stem ones oblong, almost entire ; racemes straight ; pedicels hardly longer than the calyx ; pods elongated, erect. If. . H. Native of the temperate parts of Europe on calcareous rocks. In England on lime-stone rocks, particularly on St. Vincent's Rocks near Bristol, and on the south side of the Avon about a mile below the hot wells, but sparingly. It is also said to be a native of Labrador. Smith, engl. bot. t. C14. Turritis Rayi, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 326. t. 38. A. hispida, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1 . vol. 2. p. 400. but not of Lin. A. hirta, Lam. diet. 1. p. 220. A. montana, Bern. A tufted plant, with white flowers. Straight Wall-Cress. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. \ to A ft. 23 A. CILIA TA (R. Br. in hort. kew, ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 107.) leaves somewhat toothed, smooth, ciliated, radical ones nearly sessile, oval-oblong, stem ones oblong ; racemes straight ; pedi- cels length of calyx. $ . H. Native of the Alps in the southern parts of Europe, particularly the Pyrenees. In Ireland by the sea-side at Rinville, Cunnamara, &c. Turritis alpina, Lin. syst. veg. ed. 13. p. 505. Willd. spec. 3. p. 545. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1746. Turritis ciliata, Willd. spec. 3. p. 544. A. Madonia, Presl. Closely allied to A. stricta, but differs from it in the root being biennial, not perennial. Flowers white. Ciliated-leaved Wall-Cress. Fl. Jul. Aug. Ireland. PL i ft. 24 A. INCANA (Roth. cat. bot. 1. p. 79.) leaves all sessile, and somewhat toothed, hoary with branched hairs, radical ones obovate- oblong, stem ones oblong ; racemes erect ; pedicels at least twice as long as the calyx. $ . H. Native of dry fields in Switzerland and France. Turritis minor, Schleich. pi. helv. Petals white, oblong, double the length of the calyx. Hoary Wall-Cress. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1816. PL i foot. 25 A. THALIA'NA (Lin. spec. 926.) leaves pilose, a little toothed, radical ones stalked, ovate-oblong ; stem branched ; pods ascendant; pedicels much longer than the calyx. ©. H. Na- tive of Europe from Spain to Petersburg]!, and from England to Greece ; also in Tauria, Persia, Dauria, and Teneriffe. On walls, dry banks, cottage roofs, and dry sandy ground ; plentiful in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 901. Vahl. fl. dan. t. 1106. Curt. lond. 2. t. 49. Schkuhr. handb. 2. t. 195. A.ramosa, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 510. Sisym. Thalianum Monnard. Flowers white. Var. /J. A. parviflora, Raf. arner. month, mag. 1. p. 43. 1819. Jan. p. 194. Q. H. Native of North America, in dry fields and on old walls, from New England to Virginia. Petals emarginate, hardly longer than the calyx. A'rabis Thaliana Pursh. Thalius's Wall-Cress. Fl. April, Jul. Britain. PI. £ to 1 ft. 26 A. SERPYLLIFOLIA (Vill. dauph. 3. p. 318. t. 37.) leaves almost entire, scabrous with branched hairs, radical and stem ones oval, narrowed a little at the base ; racemes rather loose ; pedicels length of calyx. $ . H. Native of the Alps of Pro- vence, Dauphiny, Vallais, Pyrenees, on rocky parts of mountains. Flowers win to JVild-Thyme-leaved Wall-Cress. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. A to f foot. 27 A. SPATULA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 227.) leaves entire, rough, lower ones spatulate, narrowed into the petiole, upper ones roundish, small ; racemes short ; pedicels length of calyx ; pods erect. 0. H. Native of Buenos Ayres, in fields, and in the suburbs of Monte- Video. Petals white, small, scarcely longer than the calyx. Sisymbrium spatulatum, Poir. diet. 7. p. 224. Spatulate-leaved Wall -Cress. Fl. Aug. PL | foot. 28 A. ? COMMERSONII (D. C. syst. 2. p. 228.) leaves almost entire, ciliated, radical ones ovate-spatulate, stalked, stem ones scarcely any ; racemes short ; pedicels longer than the calyx. 0. ? H. Native of Buenos Ayres. Sisymbrium bellidifolium, Poir. diet. 7. p. 220. Petals white, hardly longer than the calyx. Seed small, brownish. Cornmer son's Wall-Cress. PI. \ foot. 29 A. PUBE'SCENS (Poir. suppl. 1. p. 413.) leaves pubescent, deeply-toothed, radical ones spatulately-lanceolate, narrowed into the petiole, stem ones lanceolate ; pedicels very short ; pods pubescent, erect. $ . ? H. Native of Algiers on the mountains. Turritis pubescens, Desf. alt. 2. p. 92. t. 163. Petals linear, white, double the length of the calyx. Pubescent Wall-Cress. Fl. May, June. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 30 A. PA'RVULA (Dufour, in D. C. syst. 2. p. 228.) leaves pubescent, a little toothed, lower ones obovate, stem ones ovate ; pedicels very short ; pods pubescent, spreading a little. ©. H. Native of Navarre and near Tudela in Spain. A. Romeriana, Andrz. ined. Petals, when dry, pale yellow. Small Wall-Cress. PI. £ foot. § 4. Obovatipetila. Cauline leaves sessile or stalked; limb of petals obovate or cuneated, distinct from the claw. 31 A. PROCU'RRENS (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 154. t. 144.) leaves ovate, quite entire, smooth, ciliated with 2-parted hairs, radical ones narrowed into the petiole, stem ones sessile, pointed ; stolons creeping ; pods spreading. 1£ . H. Native of Bosnia and Servia on shaded limestone rocks. Nasturtium procurrens, Andrz. ined. A creeping tufted plant. Petals white, double the length of the calyx. Procurrent Wall-Cress. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1819. PL | foot. 32 A. PRJE cox (Waldst. et Kit. ined. ex Willd. enum. p. 684.) leaves oblong, acute, sessile, quite entire, smooth ; stem strigose ; stolons creeping; pods spreading. If.. H. Native of Hungary. A creeping tufted plant. Petals obovately-cuneated, white, double the length of the calyx. Early-flowering Wall-Cress. Fl. Ap. Ju. Clt. 1819. PI. f to | ft. 33 A. SCHIWERECKIA'NA (Andrz. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 145.) leaves entire, scabrous with crowded branched hairs, radical ones rosulate, obovate, stem ones oblong, erect, sessile ; Y2 164 CRUCIFERyE. X. ARABIS. stems roughish ; pods erect, smooth. !<:. H. Native of Austria. Like A. scabra in habit, but the pods are one-half narrower and the seeds are hardly margined. Flowers white. Schiwereck's Wall-Cress. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1824. Pl.| ft. 34 A. PETR;E'A (Lam. diet. 1. p. 221.) leaves smooth, ciliated or scabrous with simple or bifid hairs ; radical ones on longish stalks, entire, toothed, or lyrate, stem ones oblong-linear, entire or toothed ; stem usually branched ; pods erectly-spreading ; stigma capitate ; petals obovate, unguiculate. 3£. H. Native of many parts of Europe, also in the island of Unalaschka. Var. a, Crantziana (D. C. syst. 2. p. 230.) pod long. A. Crantziana, Ehrh. herb. 78. A. Thaliana, Crantz. austr. 1. p. 39. t. 3. f. 2. Native of Austria and Transylvania in fissures of rocks and among stones. Flowers white or purplish. Far. ft, Mspida (D. C. 1. c.) Sisymbrium arenosum, Lin. fl. suec. 233. not of his spec. pi. Oed. fl. dan. t. 386. A'rabis hispida, Lin. fil. suppl. 298. Welch Rocket Cress, Pet. herb. brit. t. 50. f. 3. Cardamine petraeva, Huds. an^. 293. Native of Scotland and Wales on mountains in fissures of rocks and among stones. Var. y, hastulata (D. C. 1. c.) Cardamine hastulata, Smith, engl. hot. t. 409. Horn. fl. dan. 1462. Native of Britain and Norway, in the fissures of rocks and among stones. Var. S, Fceroensis (D. C. 1. c.) Cardamine Faeroensis, Horn. fl. dan. 1382. Native of Faero island in the fissures of rocks and among stones. Var. e, runcinata (D. C. 1. c.) A. petrae'a, Lam. diet. 1. p. 22. Cardamine petras'a, Lin. spec. 913. A. runcinata, Lam. diet. 1. p. 222. Native of Sweden and the Pyrenees, in fissures of rocks and among stones. Little tufted plants with white flowers. Alpine Rock or Wall-Cress. Fl. June, Jul. Britain. PL ^ foot. 35 A. AMBI'GUA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 231.) leaves smoothish, radical ones sinuately-lyrate, middle ones oblong-oval, toothed, upper ones oblong-linear, entire ; stem almost simple ; pods rather erect. !£ . H. Sisymbrium Tilesii, Led. in mem. acad. petersb. 5. 1815. p. .548. Flowers white or purplish. Var. a, glabra (D. C. syst. 2. p. 231.) leaves and stems smooth. Native of Kamtschatka. Var. ft, intermedia (D. C. 1. c.) leaves smooth ; stem hispid at (he base. Native of Unalaschka in sandy and grassy places. Var. y, scabra (D. C. 1. c.) leaves pilose, scabrous; stem smooth. Native of Siberia. Ambiguous Wall- Cress. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1824. PI. | foot. 36 A. LYRA'TA (Lin. spec. 920.) radical leaves lyrately-pin- natifid, smooth or ciliated, stem ones linear ; stem hispid at the base, a little branched ; pedicels spreading a little ; pods erect. T{. . H. Native of North America in cultivated fields and dry hills, particularly on rocks in Pennsylvania about West Chester, and from thence to Canada, extending westward to the Rocky Mountains, and to the islands of the Polar seas. A'rabis petrae'a, Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 42. Flowers white. ft, A. Kamtschdlica (Fisch. in litt.) flowers smaller ; petals twice the length of the calyx, not thrice its length, as in the spe- cies, and the pods are longer and thicker. Lyrate-lea\eA Wall -Cress. Fl. May.Ju. Clt. 1823. PL £ foot. 37 A. ARENO'SA (Scop. fl. earn. ed. 2. no. 837. t. 40.) leaves villose with forked hairs, radical ones lyrately-pinnatifid, stem ones deeply-toothed ; stem branched, hispid, with simple hairs ; pedicels and pods spreading. $ . H. Native of middle Europe, viz. Carniola, Transylvania, Germany, Alsatia, France, Spain, &c. in vineyards in gravelly places and on rocks. Schrank. fl. mon. 3. t. 256. Hook. exot. fl. t. 221. Sisymbrium arenosum, Lin. spec. 919. Turritis arenosa, Lapeyr. abr. 387. Petals ob- ovate, rose-coloured, very rarely white or blueish. Pods linear, spreading. Var. ft, Kamtschdtica ; biennial ; stems more numerous from 1 the root, thicker, less branched, and less hairy ; flowers much smaller ; petals obovate. $ . H. Native of Kamtschatka. A. arenosa, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. I. p. 17. Gravel Wall-Cress. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1798. PL |. foot. 38 A. HALLE' HI (Lin. spec. 929.) lower leaves lyrate, stalked ; terminal lobe ovate ; upper leaves lanceolate, cut ; stem branch- ed, slender, clothed with soft villi ; pedicels and pods spreading. Tf. . $ . H. Native of moist mountainous places near rivulets in Transylvania, Hungary, Piedmont, Switzerland, Austria, even to the confines of Bohemia, &c. &c. Walds. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 126. t. 120. A. stolonifera Clairv. herb. val. 223. Lower branches weak, having the appearance of runners, but not root- ing. Petals obovate, white, double the length of the calyx. Var. ft, Kamtschdtica ; flowers smaller. If. . H. Native of Kamtschatka. A. Halleri, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 17. Mailer's Wall-Cress. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1816. PI. | foot. 39 A. STOLONI'FERA (Horn. hort. hafn. 618.) radical leaves somewhat lyrate, stalked ; terminal lobe cordate, stem leaves oblong, sinuately-toothed ; stem stoloniferous at the base, pubes- cent ; pedicels and pods spreading. I/. . H. Native of Carniola. Cardamine stolonifera, Scop. fl. earn. ed. 2. no. 818. t. 39. Like A. Halleri, but much smaller and slenderer, with creeping rooting runners. Flower white. Pods very slender, half an inch long. Stoloniferous Wall-Cress. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1819. PI. J ft. 40 A. OVIRE'NSIS (Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 1. p. 196. icon. rar. 1. t. 125.) lower leaves stalked, oval, pectinately-toothed at the base, upper ones oblong, narrowed at the base ; stem weak, smooth ; pods somewhat spreading, scarcely longer than the pedicels. If, . H. Native in calcareous rocky moist places in the Alps of Oviro, Carinthia, Transylvania, on the Carpathian mountains in the region of the Pinus Mughus, &c. Rcem. fl. eur. 7. t. 6. Sturn. deutchl. fl. icon. Nasturtium Ovirense, Andrz. ined. Flowers pale, red, rarely white. Oviro Wall-Cress. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI. J to £ foot. 41 A. O-WAIHIE'NSIS (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 17.) leaves repand-toothed, rather scabrous, radical ones stalked, lyrately-pinnate, with about 3 pairs of leaflets, stem ones almost wanting ; stem ascending, smooth, bearing flowers almost to the base ; siliques erectly-spreading, 3-times longer than the pedi- cels. Tf.. H. Native of the Sandwich islands, particularly in O-Wahu. Root thickish. Stem numerous, proliferous at the base. Flowers small, white, with oblong-entire petals, which are hardly longer than the calyx. O-Wahu Wall-Cress. PI. 1 foot. 42 A. CEVENNE'NSIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 234.) leaves all stalked, ovate, acuminated, grossly- toothed, somewhat velvety with small hairs ; pedicels and pods spreading. $ . H. Native of the Cevennes, in rugged shady places. Hesperis inodora, Gouan. fl. monsp. p. 167. Flowers pale-violet, almost like those of A. arenosa. Seeds brownish. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 26. Cevennes Wall-Cress. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 43 A. LASIO'LOBA (Link. enum. hort. berl. 2. p. 163.) stem leaves and pods downy with stellate hairs ; radical leaves lyrate, upper ones entire. $ . H. Native of Mexico. Racemes short. Calyx spreading. Style nearly a line long. W. oolly-podded Wall-Cress. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1826. PL 1| foot. SECT. II. LOMO'SPORA (from Xwjua, loma, a fringe, and a-tropa, spora, a seed ; seeds girded by a membranous wing.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 234. prod. 1. p. 146. Seeds marginate, or girded by a broad membranous wing. § 1. Oblongipetala. oblong-linear. Cauline leaves clasping the stem. Petals CRUC1FEILE. X. ARABIS. 165 44 A. TURRI'TA (Lin. spec. 930.) leaves stem- clasping, rather acute, somewhat toothed, pubescent ; pedicels length of calyx ; pods all on one side, recurved. $ . H. Native of Spain, France, Switzerland, Italy, Sicily, and Transylvania, on mountains in hedges and coppices, also in Britain, on old walls, but rare, par- ticularly on the college walls of Oxford and Cambridge, and in Scotland on the castle of Cliesh, Kinrosshire. Jacq. fl. austr. t. 11. Smith, engl. bot. 178. Turritis ochroleuca. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 490. A. umbrosa, Crantz. austr. p. 39. Flowers crowded, cream-coloured. Petals oblong-linear. Pods 3 inches long, all on one side, curved downwards as they ripen. Leaves acuminated. Var, ft, longisiliqua (D. C. syst. 2. p. 235.) A. umbrosa, Steven in litt. Native of Tauria. Pods 4 or 5 inches long. Var. y, pendula (Lach. obs. p. 10. but not of Lin.) Poir. suppl. 2. p. 410. exclusive of the synonyms. Turritis pendula, Desf. cat. ed. 2. p. 152. Pods much curved when ripe. Tower Mustard or Tower Wall-Cress. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. 1^ foot. 45 A. PE'NDULA (Lin. spec. 930.) leaves clasping the stem, toothed, oblong, dilated, cordate at the base ; stem furrowed, hispid ; pedicels 3 times longer than the calyx ; pods drooping. O- H. Native of Siberia near the river Lena. — Jacq. hort. vind. 3. p. 20. t. 34. Petals white, oblong- linear. Pods loose, pendulous. Var. fi, Americana. A. pendula, Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 70. Native of North America on the borders of the river Missouri near Fort Mandan. Pendulous-podded Wall-Cress. Fl. My. Ju. Clt. 1752. PI. 1 ft. 46 A. PATRINIA'NA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 236.) leaves oblong, acu- minated, somewhat serrated, cordate, stem-clasping, villous ; stem round, hispid ; pedicels 3 times longer than the calyx ; pods pendulous. $ . H. Native of Siberia at Ufa near Cha- manaikha, Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 27. A. pendula, Patr. herb. Perhaps this is only a var. of A. pendula. Seed girded by a narrow wing. Flowers white. Patrin's Wall-Cress. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. PI. 2 feet. 47 A. OXY'OTA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 236.) leaves scabrous, with branched hairs, cauline ones acutely-sagittate, oblong-linear, a little toothed ; stem hispid with simple hairs ; pedicels 3 times longer than the calyx. $ . H. Native of Eastern Siberia. Allied to the two preceding plants. Petals oblong, white. Sharp-eared-lenved, Wall-Cress. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. § 2. Cuneipetala. Cauline leaves sessile. Petals oblong or linear-cuneated. 48 A. HELIO'PHILA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 237.) leaves sessile, linear, entire, hoary with pressed, short, 2-parted hairs; pedicels shorter than the calyx; pods erect. 0. ? H. Native of the East Indies, Java, &c. Heliophila incana, Burm. fl. ind. 140. t. 46. f. 2. Heliophila canescens, Willd. spec. 3. p. 528. • Petals linear, very narrow, hardly longer than the calyx. Sun-loving Wall-Cress. PI. 1 foot. 49 A. L,EVIGAVTA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 237.) radical leaves ob- ovate, stalked, sinuately-toothed, cauline ones linear, sessile, quite entire; pods erect; seeds margined. $ .? H. Native of North America on rocks from Pennsylvania to Virginia, but rare ; and about Lake Huron. Turritis laevigata, Willd. spec. 3. p. 513. Flowers small, few, white, in corymbose-racemes. Plant smooth, glaucous. Smooth Wall-Cress. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1821. PI. 1 foot. 50 A. CANADE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 929.) cauline leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, remotely serrate-toothed ; pedi- cels 3 times longer than the calyx ; pods linear, pendulous, some- what falcate ; seeds with a very broad wing. %.. H. Native of North America in shady rocky situations, from Canada to Vir- ginia.— Pluk. aim. 136. t. 86. f. 8. Petals white, linear, longer than the calyx. Var. a, mollis (Raf. amer. monthl. mag. 2. p. 43. but not of Steven.) plant covered with soft down. Var. fi,falcata (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 31.) Pods falcate. Canadian Wall-Cress. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1768. PI. 2 feet. 51 A. PU'MILA (Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 59. fl. aust. 3. t. 281.) leaves smooth, almost entire, radical ones obovate, stem ones ovate or oblong ; racemes nodding ; pedicels twice as long as calyx; pods erect, 3 times longer than the pedicels. 1£. H. Native of the Alps from Provence to Transylvania on rocks and among stones. A. bellidifolia, Crantz. austr. 42. t. 2. f. 3. but not of Jacq. A. ciliaris, Willd. enum. 2. p. 684. A. sc&bra, All. ped. 974. A. nutans, Mcench. meth. 258. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 105. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2219. Turritis alpina, Braun. fl. sal. 2. t. 2. f. 1. Petals oblong-cuneated, white. A tufted plant. Dmarf Wall Cress. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1658. PI. { foot. 52 A. BELLIDIFOLIA (Jacq. obs. 1. p. 22. t. 12. fl. aust. 3. t. 280.) leaves smooth, almost entire, radical ones obovate, stem ones ovate ; racemes erect ; pedicels 3 times longer than the calyx ; pods 4 times longer than their pedicels. 3/ . H. Native of the Eastern Pyrenees in stony grassy places, and near foun- tains and rivulets on the Carpathian mountains. Turritis belli- difolia, All. ped. no. 980. t. 40. f. 1. Petals oblong-cuneated, double the length of calyx. Pods linear. A tufted plant, with white flowers. Var. j3, Turritis alpma, Jacq. in Murr. syst. veg. 502. Willd. spec. 3. p. 545. Daisy-leaved Wall-Cress. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1773. PI. ^ to |ft. 53 A. C.ERU LEA (Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 56.) leaves smooth, almost entire, radical ones oblong-obovate, cauline ones few, oblong ; racemes nodding ; pedicels length of calyx ; pods erect. I/ . H. Native of the Alps from Provence to Carinthia and Salzburgh, near the limits of perpetual snow. Sturn. deutsch. fl. with a figure. Turritis caerulea, All. ped. no. 981. t. 40. f. 2. Petals oblong, pale or dirty blue. A tufted plant. .Bfoe-flowered Wall-Cress. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1793. PI. | foot. § 3. Obovatipetala. Cauline leaves sessile or wanting. Limb of petals spreading, obovate. 54 A. STELLULA'TA (Bertol. in Desv. journ. bot. 1813. vol. 2. p. 76. amocn. ital. p. 101.) leaves scabrous with stellate-hairs, radical ones obovate, cauline ones oblong, very few ; pods twice the length of their pedicels, containing 16 or 20 seeds. If.. H. Native on the summits of the Appenines. A. pumila, Pollin. Very like A. petrae^a var. Crantziana in habit, but it is evidently different, from the seeds having a broad wing. A pretty little plant, with white flowers. ASWry-haired Wall-Cress. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ foot. 55 A. ? VOCHINE'NSIS (Spreng. pug. 1. p. 46. no. 80.) leaves ciliated, with 2-parted appressed hairs, radical ones obovate, cauline ones few, oblong ; pods 4 or 6-seeded, length of their pedicels. Tf. . H. Native of the Alps of Carniola about Vochin, also of Carinthia on Mount Selenitz and Mount Cren. Draba mollis, Scop. earn. no. 789. t. 34. Subularia alpina, Willd. spec. 3. p. 424. A. serpyllifolia, Hoppe. Stem prostrate and creep- ing. Petals white, obovate, narrowed at the base, twice or thrice the length of the calyx. Vochin Wall-Cress. Fl. July. Clt. 1826. PI. | foot. 56 A. COLLI'NA (Tenore. prod. fl. neap. 39. app. hort. neap. 1815. p. 59.) leaves oblong, sinuately-toothed, hoary with stel- late hairs ; radical leaves stalked, cauline ones sessile ; pods 8 times longer than their pedicels. If. . H. Native on arid hills about Naples. Petals white, obovate, spreading, double the length of the calyx. Habit of A. alpina. 166 CRUCIFERjE. X. ARABIS. XL OUDNEYA. XII. MACROPODIUM. Hill Wall-Cress. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PL £ to | foot. f Species not sufficiently known. 57 A. STELLE'RI (D. C. syst. 2. p. 242.) plant hispid with 2- forked hairs ; lower leaves oblong- spatulate, upper ones half- stem-clasping, oblong, toothed ; racemes corymbose ; petals cu- neated, oblong. "If. . H. Native of Kamtschatka. A. pendula, Steller in herb. Pall, not Lin. Petals white, twice the length of calyx. A. Kamtschatica, Willd. herb. Steller's Wall-Cress. PI. \ foot. 58 A. LU'CIDA (Lin. fil. suppl. 298.) leaves shining, clasping the stem. Tf.. H. Native of Pannonia. Petals white, linear, entire, narrowed at the base, twice as long as the calyx. This plant comes very near to A. cihata var. glabra. Shining-leaved Wall-Cress. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1790. PI. 4 ft. 59 A. RE'PTANS (Lam. diet. 1. p. 222.) leaves roundish, quite entire, hairy ; runners reptant. If. . H. Native of sandy fields, from Pennsylvania to Virginia. Pluk. aim. 281. t. 51. f. 5. Habit of Hiero.ci.um auricula. Flowers- small. Pods small, erect. Reptant Wall-Cress. Fl. Jun. July. PL | foot. 60 A. LA'XA (Smith, prod. fl. graec. 2. p. 28.) radical leaves obovate, lyrately-toothed, hispid, cauline ones cordate-stem- clasping, very smooth ; pods deflexed. '!£. H. Native of La- conia, in fields. Flowers white. Pods very long and very narrow. //oose-podded Wall-Cress. PL 1J foot. 61 A. PETIOLA'TA (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. d. 126.) leaves ovate, stalked, smooth ; lower ones lobed ; upper ones repand ; pods striated-angular, spreading. $. !(.. H. Native of Siberia. Flowers small, whitish, about the size of those of Erysimum cheiranthus. Pods spreading, 2 or 3 inches long, obscurely 4- sided. Stalked-\eaved Wall-Cress. Fl. Jul. PL | foot. 62 A. MULTIFLORA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 243.) leaves sessile, lanceolate, toothed, scabrous ; peduncles pressed, many-flowered, pods erect, slender, compressed, crowded ; hairs forked. $ . H. Native of the Pyrenees, on Mount Chatelet. Turritis multiflora, Lapeyr. abr. 386. Many-flowered Wall-Cress. PI. -J foot. 63 A. INTEGRIFOLIA (Lapeyr. abr. 385. suppl. p. 93.) hairy; leaves scabrous, lanceolate, quite entire, cauline ones clasping the stem; petals erect, twice the length of the calyx. $ . Q. H. Native of the Pyrenees, at a place called Mail du Cristal. Entire-leaved Wall-Cress. PI. -^ foot. 64 A. LYRJEFOLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 244.) smooth; stem straight, simple ; radical leaves lyrate, stem ones sessile, oblong, acute, toothed; pods sickle-formed. O- H. Native of North America, in woods, at the bottom of the Catskill Mountains. Turritis lyrata, Raf. amer. monthl. mag. 2. p. 44. Lyre-lez\ed Wall-Cress. PI. ? 65 A. ANOUSTIFOLIA (Lam. diet. 1 . p. 220.) radical leaves on long stalks, rhomboid, small, bidentate, cauline ones narrow-lan- ceolate, very entire. — Native ? formerly cultivated in the Paris garden. Perhaps only a variety of Carddmine alpina. Narrow-leaved Wall-Cress. PL ? 66 A. ? SILICULOSA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 221.) radical leaves ob- long, en short stalks, smooth, toothed towards the apex ; cauline ones few, narrow, entire. — Native of Siberia? Pods flat, nar- rowed at both ends, 4-lines long, 1 or 2-seeded. Short-}. added Wall-Cress. PL ? 67 A. DASYCA'RPA (Andrz. in litt. D. C. syst. 2. p. 244.) leaves hairy ; hairs stellate ; cauline leaves sagittate, almost en- tire ; lobes diverging ; pods hairy-scabrous, rather erect, with the breadth exceeding twice the length of style. — Native of Po- dolia. A. recta, Baugm. Thick-podded Wall-Cress. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1828. PI. { to f foot. Cult. The species of this genus are very proper for rock- work. A'ralns, albida, alpina, arenbsa, &c. will answer also for the front of flower-borders, as they flower earlier than most border flowers. The perennial species may be either encreased by divid- ing the plants at the root, by cuttings, or by seeds. The annual and biennial species are mostly weedy-like plants ; therefore they are only fit to be preserved in botanical gardens. They should be sown on rock-work, and allowed afterwards to scatter themselves, for by this means they are more likely to be preserved. XL OUDNE'YA (to the memory of Dr. Oudney, who found the present plant in many of the Wadeys between Tripoli and Mourzuk, and remarks that camels and mules eat it.) R. Br. in append, to Denh. and Claph. journ. p. 14. LIN. SYST. Tetradymamia, Siliqubsa. Silique sessile, linear, beaked, with flat 1-nerved valves. Funicle adnate to the dissepi- ment. Seeds in one row. Calyx closed, bisaccate at the base. Filaments distinct, toothless. Stigmas connate, distinct at the apex. A smooth, branched sub-shrub, with quite entire sessile, veinless leaves, lower ones obovate, upper ones almost linear, and bractless terminal racemes of flowers ; petals obovate veiny. This genus differs from A'rabis in the form of the stigma. 1 O. AFRICANA (R. Br. 1. c.) T? . F. Native between Tri- poli and Mourzuk, in the Wadeys. Hesperis nitens, Viv. fl. lib. p. 38. t. 5. f. 3. African Oudneya. Shrub 1 foot. Cult. Should this plant be ever introduced into the gardens, it may be grown in pots filled with an equal quantity of sand and peat, and treated as other alpine plants. It may be either propagated by cuttings or by seeds. XII. MACROPO'DIUM (from fiaxpoe, makros, long, and TTOI/C ITO^OC, pous podos, a foot ; in allusion to the pods standing on long pedicels or foot-stalks.) R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 108. D. C. syst. 2. p. 244. prod. 1. p. 149. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliqubsa. Silique linear, pedi- cellate, with flat 1-nerved valves ; seeds orbicular, compressed, flat, girded by a very narrow membrane, disposed in one row in each cell, distant. Perennial or annual, smooth, erect, simple herbs ; with ovate-lanceolate, pointed, serrated or jagged leaves, and long terminal racemes, with almost sessile flowers, which are disposed in the form of a spike. 1 M. NIVALE (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 108.) ra- dical leaves ovate, on long stalks, unequally serrated, cauline ones lanceolate, acuminated, narrowed at the base, entire ; flowers sessile ; petals obovate. If.. H. Native on the summits of the Altaian Mountains near the limits of perpetual snow. Cardamine nivalis, Pall. itin. 2. app. no. 113. t. U. ed. gall. 8vo. app. p. 341. t. 68. f. 2. Cleome nivalis, Vahl. herb. A rabis nivalis, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 893. Root somewhat woody. Flowers white. Snow Macropodiurn. FL Jun. Sep. Clt. 1796. PL 1 foot. 2 M. LACINIA'TUM (Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 42.) leaves all stalked, jagged-pinnatifid ; flowers on pedicels ; petals narrow, linear. O- H. Native of North America, common on dry rocks about Wallawallah, and at Priest's rapid on the Columbia. Flowers white. Jagged-\ea.ved Macropodium ? Fl. June, July. PL 2 to 3 ft. Cult. M. nit-ale succeeds well in a rich light soil in the open border ; and cuttings will strike root freely under a hand-glass : notwithstanding it will sometimes thrive well in open borders, yet it is very apt to damp off" in the winter ; therefore we would advise a duplicate plant to be kept in a pot as an alpine or frame plant. M. laciniatus being an annual will only require to be sown in the open ground early in spring. CRUCIFERvE. XIII. CARDAMINE. 167 XIII. CARDA'MINE (from rap&o, kard'ia, the heart; &.- fiaia, damao, to subdue; stomachic quality of the plants, or per- haps diminished from KapSafjuiiy, kardamon, water-cress ; taste similar.) Lin. D. C. 'syst. 2. p. 245. prod. 1. p. 149. LYN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliquosa. Silique linear ; with flat nerveless valves, usually opening with elasticity. Seeds in one series, ovate, not margined. Umbilical cord slender. Co- tyledons accumbent. Herbs usually smooth. Roots fibrous or granuliferous. Leaves stalked, entire, lobed, or pinnately-cut, usually very different in the same plant. Racemes terminal, bractless. Flowers white or red. For the derivation of the English name of the Genus see C. prateitsis. §. 1. Indivisa:' folia. Leaves nearly all undivided. 1 C. RHOMBOIDEA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 246.) plant at first hairy- pubescent, but at length smooth ; leaves rather fleshy, ovate- rliomboid, obsoletely repand-toothed, smooth, lower ones round- ish-cordate, on long petioles, cauline ones ovate, uppermost ones sessile ; stem erect, flexuous ; root tuberous and fibrous. I/ . H. B. Native of North America, on the borders of rivulets and springs, Rocky Mountains, thence to Hudson's Bay. A'rabis rhomboi- dea and tuberosa, Pers. ench. 2. p. 204. A'rabis bulbosa, Mtihl. cat. no. 104. Cardamine rotundifolia, Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 44. Pluk. amalth. t. 435. f. 6. Flowers rose-coloured, about the size of those of C. pratensis. The leaves taste like early spring cresses. Rhomb-like-lewed. Lady's-Smock. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1825. PI. I ft. 2 C. ROTUNDIFOHA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 30.) leaves rather fleshy, orbicular, somewhat toothed, smooth, stalked ; stems weak, procumbent ; root fibrous. I/ . H. B. Native of North America, on the borders of rivulets on the highest moun- tains of Carolina, Virginia, and New Hampshire ; also in Pennsyl- vania, on the border of the river Brandywine, near West Chester, Flowers white. Round-leaved Lady's-Smock. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1823. PL 5 foot decumbent. 3 C. SPATULA^TA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 29.) radical- leaves stalked, spatulate, entire, pubescent with 3-forked hairs, stem ones linear ; stem decumbent. 1£ . H. B. Native of Ca- rolina, on the highest mountains. Pods linear, straight, spreading, somewhat reflexed. Stigma sessile, hardly acute. Flowers white '! Spatulate-lea.ved Lady's-Smock. Fl. May, Jun. PI. £ foot, decumbent. 4 C. ASARIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 913.) leaves smooth; stalked, cordate-orbicular, somewhat sinuately-toothed ; stem erect ; pods erect, twice the length of the pedicel. If. . H. B. Native of Piedmont, Italy, and several other places in Europe, in moun- tain rivulets. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1735. Flowers white, a little larger than those of C. amdra. Pods an inch long. Var. ft, diversifolia ; (D. C. syst. 2. p. 248.) cauline leaves pinnately-ternate ; radical ones and upper ones orbicular, undi- vided. 1]. . H. B. Native of Piedmont. Asaribacca-leaved Lady's-Smock. Fl. Jun. Jul. Clt. 1710. PI. 1 to 1 J foot. 5 C. I'NDICA (Burm. fl. ind. 140.) leaves ovate, crenulated, stalked, smooth, upper ones oblong-cuneated ; stem erect ; pods spreading; stigma sessile. O-? S. Native of Java. Flowers small, white. Perhaps a species of Nasturtium, referable to sec- tion Clandest/naria. Indian Lady's-Smock. PI. ^ foot. 6 C. STYLOSA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 248.) cauline leaves sagit- tate half-stem-clasping ; oblong, acute, denticulated, smooth ; stem erect ; pods spreading, pointed with the style. I/. . ? G. B. Native of New Holland. Flowers small, whitish. Ijarge-styled Lady's-Smock. PI. 2 feet. 7 C. CHENOPODIFOLIA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 195.) leaves ovate, somewhat sinuately-lobed ; stem procumbent ; pods erect ; stigma sessile. !£.? S. B. Native of South America, on the margins of rivulets about Monte Video. Poir, suppl. 2. p. 394. Flowers white. Pods smooth, linear, erect, compressed, one inch long. Goosefoot-leaved Lady's-Smock. Fl. Nov. PI. 1 foot, trailing. 8 C. BELLIDIFOLIA (Lin, spec. 913.) leaves smooth, thickish, radical ones stalked, ovate, entire ; cauline ones few, entire or somewhat 3-lobed, not eared at the base ; pods erect ; stigma almost sessile. l/.H.B. Native of Europe, on the tops of moun- tains ; also of North America, on the summits of the Rocky Moun- tains, throughout Arctic America but sparingly ; islands of Una- laschka and St. Lawrence. C. Lenensis, Ledeb. Flowers white. Var. a, petiolaris (D. C. syst. 2. p. 249,) petioles longer than the entire leaf. Oed. fl. dan. t. 20. Smith, eng. bot. 2355. — Lin. fl. lapp. 260. t. 9. f. 2. Native of Lapland, Norway, and Scotland, in fissures of moist rocks. Far. ft, alpina (D. C. 1. c.) petiole rather shorter than the en- tire leaf. C. bellidifolia, Crantz. fl. aust. 43. Wulf. in Jacq. misc. 1. p. 148. t. 17. f. 2. C. alpina, Willd. spec. 3. p. 481. A'rabis bellidifolia, Scop. earn. 2. p. 81. A. bellidioides, Lam. diet. 1. p. 220. Native of the Alps, of Europe, also in Scotland. Var. y, subtriloba (D. C. 1. c. 250.) the upper leaves are some- what 3-lobed, sometimes ternate. Native of the Alps and the Pyrenees. C. heterophylla, Baugrn. Daisy-leaved Lady's-Smock. Fl. Apr. Jun. Scotland. PI. -Jft. §. 2. Trilobae. Leaves for the most part 3-lobed. 9. C. HAMILTONII ; smooth ; stem erect, branched, flexuous, radical leaves simple, kidney- shaped, repand-crenate, stalked; cauline leaves pinnate ; leaflets 5, opposite, roundish, 3-lobed, terminal one large ; siliques filiform, straight. O- H. Native of Nipaul, at Narainhetty. C. debilis, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 201. Herb slender, green. Flowers small, white. Hamilton's Lady's-Smock. Fl. Oct. PI. ^ foot. 10 C. RESEDIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 913.) leaves smooth, membra- nous, stalked, radical ones undivided, stem ones drawn out on both sides at the base into an acute auricle ; lower ones of these ternate, and the upper ones pinnately-5-lobed ; pods erect, ter- minated by the style. Q. H. Native of Cevennes, Pyrenees, &c. in shady humid places. Sturn. fl. germ. icon. All. ped. no. 950. t. 57. f. 2. Jacq. fl. aust. app. t. 31. A'rabis resedifolia, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 511. Flowers white. Var. ft, integrifolia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 150.). A. hastulata, Bertol. ined. Native of the Apennines. Leaves undivided. Mignonette-leaved Lady's Smock. Fl. July. Clt. 1658< PL i to i foot. 11 C. UNIFLO'RA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 29.) radical leaves 3-lobed, smooth; scapes 1 -flowered. ^ ? H. Native of North America on the rocks of Kentucky near Knoxville. Flowers white, smaller than those of C. amara. Petals longer than the calyx. Pods linear, compressed. One-flowered Lady's Smock. PL -j foot. 12 C. MICROPHY'LLA (Adams, mem. soc. nat. mosc. 5. p. 111. Fisch in litt. icon.) leaves ternate, or pinnately quinate, smooth, floral one simple, 3-toothed ; scape few-flowered. If ? H. Na- tive of Siberia at Cape Bykofskoy-mys. C. miniita, Willd. herb. Pedicel filiform, only equalling the flower in length or rather longer than either flower or pod. Flowers white. Stem ascen- dant, branched, and rooting. Small-leaved Lady's Smock. Fl. July. PL ^ to J of a foot. 13 C. BONARIE'NSIS (Pers. ench. 2. p. 195.) leaves smooth, stalked, trifoliate ; leaflets stalked, somewhat repand, middle leaflet 3-lobed ; upper leaves simple or 3-lobed ; pedicels fur- nished with bracteas. T£? S. Native of South America in fields 168 CRUCIFERjE. XIII. CARDAMINE. at Buenos Ayres. C. repanda, Smith, herb. Flowers small, white. Pods slender, erect, compressed. Buenos-Ayrean Lady's Smock. PI. j foot. 14 C. ANTENIQUA'NA (Burch. cat. geogr. pi- afr. aust. no. 6043.) leaves trifoliate, pilose on the upper surface ; leaflets stalked, ovate, toothed ; pods erect ; stems somewhat decumbent. If? G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope in the humid shady regions of Anteniqualand. C. Burchellii, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 886. Root perpendicular. Flowers white, size of those of C. par- viflbra. Petals blunt, double the length of the calyx. Anteniqualand Lady's-Smock. PI. j foot. 15 C. BORBO'NICA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 195.) leaves pilose on both surfaces, trifoliate, rarely pinnate ; segments stalked, ovate, accuminated, toothed ; pods erect. Native of the island of Bourbon. C. rubifolia, Smith, herb. Petals white, a little longer than the calyx. Far. /3, Allema (Comm. ined.) leaves sometimes pinnate ; segments 5. C. Africana. Native of Bourbon. Vahl. symb. 2. p. 77. Var. y, Ardbica (D. C. syst. 2. p. 252.) stem rather villous. C. Africana. Native of Arabia. Vahl. symb. 2. p. 77. Bourbon Lady's-Smockr PI. £ foot. 16 C. AFRICA'NA (Lin. spec. 914.) leaves smooth, ternate, rarely pinnate ; segments stalked, ovate, pointed, toothed ; pods spreading. I/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Pluk. aim. 252. t. 101. f. 5. Flowers small, white. Pods spreading, linear. African Lady's-Smock. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1691. PI. 1 ft. 17 C. NASTURTIOI'DES (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 201.) smooth ; lower leaves ternate, terminal leaflet large, round, obsoletely 3- lobed ; upper leaves simple, cuneate-ovate, 3-lobed ; stem pro- cumbent, branched. Q. H. Native of Nipaul. Flowers small, white. C. nasturtii, Spreng. syst. app. p. 241. Nasturtium-like Lady's-Smock. PI. J foot. 18 B. TRIFO'LIA (Lin. spec. 913.) leaves smoothish, ternate; segments sessile, rhomboidal-roundish, toothed ; scape naked ; lower branches root-like, creeping. If. H. B. Native of Italy, Hungary, Germany, Switzerland, France, &c. on shady parts of mountains. Sturn. deutsch. fl. icon. Jacq. aust. t. 27. Curt, bot. mag. t. 452. Petals white, with a broad cuneated claw, and a broad spreading obovate limb. Three-leaved Lady's-Smock. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1629. PI. | to 4 foot. 19 C. BOCCOVNI (Viv. fl. cors. app. in Schleclit. Linnaea 1. p. 502.) cauline leaves alternately pinnate or ternate ; pedicels filiform, spreading ; leaflets roundish-ovate, 3 or unequally 5- lobed ; siliques linear, deflexed. If.H.B. Native of Corsica. Bocc. mus. p. 171. t. 118. Flowers white? Bocconi's Lady's-Smock. PI. i foot. 20 C. CHILE'NSIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 254.) upper surface of leaves pilose, ternate ; segments almost petiolulate, ovate-lan- ceolate, crenated ; stem somewhat ascendant. If. 1 G. Native of Chili. Petals oblong, white, longer than the calyx. Pods linear, smooth, slender, ending in the style, which is hardly dis- tinguishable from the pod. Chile Lady's-Smock. March, April. Clt. 1825. PI. J foot. 21 C. TUBEROSA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 254.) leaves smooth, ra- dical ones on long stalks, kidney-shaped, stem ones pinnately- ternate ; root tuberous. 1£.G. Native of Chili. Sisymbrium tuberosum, Lag. in litt. Petals white? 3-times longer than the sepals ; younger pods linear, pointed by the style. Deless. icon, sel. 2. t. 29. Tuberous-rooted Lady's-Smock. PI. £ to 1 foot. 22 C. PURPI/REA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea 1. p. 20.) plant smoothish ; radical leaves and cauline ones trifoliate or quinate ; lateral leaflets oval-roundish, acute, terminal one cor- date-roundish, 3-toothed ; bractea cuneated, 3-toothed, sessile at the base of the lower pedicel ; petals reticulately veined ; root creeping, slender, fibrous. 1£ . H. Native of the island of St. Lawrence. Cape Lisburne at the northern entrance of Kotze- bue's Sound. Flower deep purple, in loose racemes. PMr^j/e-flowered Lady's-Smock. PI. J foot. 23 C. ANGULA'TA (Hook. bot. misc. pt. 3. with a figure, fl. bor. amer. p. 44.) leaves all stalked, ternate, rarely quinate : radical ones roundish, cauline ones ovate or lanceolate, angular, or deeply lobed, smooth ; root creeping, fibrous, y.. H. Native of North America on the banks of Columbia River. Flowers pale rose-coloured, disposed in terminal and axillary corymbs. singular-leaved Lady's-Smock. PI. 1 i foot. §3. Pinnatce. Leaves for the most part pinnate-parted. 24 C. GRANULO'SA (All. auct. p. 16. exclusive of the synonyms of Dalechamp,) radical leaves stalked, ovate, somewhat cordate, stem ones pinnately-parted ; lobes oblong, entire ; root tube- rously-granular. If. . H. Native on hilly meadows about Turin. Petals obovate, blunt, white, size of those of C. amara. Granular-rooted Lady's-Smock. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1 820. PI. 1 foot. 25 C. AMA'RA (Lin. spec. 915.) leaves pinnate; segments of the radical ones roundish, of the stem ones angularly-toothed ; style filiform, acutish ; stems rooting at the base. T£. H. B. Native throughout northern and middle Europe in watery places by the sides of rivers and brooks ; about London in several places between Kew and Mortlake ; near Ripon, and in King- street meadows, Norwich, and several other places. Vill. dauph. 3. p. 362. t. 39. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1000. Curt. lond. 3. t. 39. Schkuhr. handb. 2. t. 187. C. parviflora, Lam. diet. 2. p. 183. C. nasturtiana, Thuil. fl. par. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 330. C. melana'nthera, Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 445. Far. ft, plena (D. C. eyst. 2. p. 255.) flowers double. Besl. hort. eyst. ord. 1 . t. 3. f. 4. This is probably the double variety of C. pratensis. Far. y, trisecta (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ternate. C. trifolia, Wahl. fl. lapp. no. 327. Native of Lapland and Sweden. Var. f, umbrosa (Lej. fl. spa. 2. p. 63.) stem and leaves vil- lous. C. hirsuta, Oed. fl. dan. t. 148.? Native of Denmark. The flowers of all the varieties are white, cream-coloured, with violet anthers, and the plant before it flowers greatly resembles the water-cress, but the taste is bitter and nauseous. Bitter Lady's-Smock. Fl. Apr. May. Britain. PL 1 to 2 ft. 26 C. CLIGINO'SA (Bieb. suppl. p. 438.) leaves pinnate ; seg- ments angularly-toothed, bluntish, those of the radical ones roundish, of the stem ones oblong ; style very short, hardly narrower than the pod ; runners creeping. I/ . H. B. Native of Tauria in wooded mountains about springs, and also in the Ukraine. C. amara, Bieb. fl. taur. no. 1283. exclusive of the synonyms. Flowers white, like those of C. amara. Pedicels nearly equal in length with the pods. Bog Lady's-Smock. Fl. May. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 foot. 27 C. PRORE'PENS (Fisch. in litt. 1819.) leaves pinnate ; seg- ments ovate, almost entire, terminal one roundish, somewhat 3-lobed ; runners creeping ; stem ascending, pubescent ; pods hairy, shorter than the pedicels. If. . H. B. Native of Siberia beyond the Baical, on the banks of the river Ingoda about Do- roninsk. C. hirsuta, Pall. C. pubescens, Stev. C. pilosa, Willd. C. borealis, Andrz. all in litt. Pods erect, slender, hairy. Style filiform, a line long. Flowers white. Most-creeping Lady's-Smock. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1825. PI. J foot. 28 C. PRATE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 9-15.) leaves pinnate ; segments of the radical ones roundish, of the stem ones linear or lanceo- late, entire ; style very short, hardly narrower than the pod ; CRUCIFEILE. XIII. CARDAMINE. 169 stigma capitate. 1£ . H. B. Native throughout Europe in humid meadows ; plentiful in Britain, also in the north of Asia and in North America about Hudson's Bay, Behring's Straits, in fact, throughout Arctic America. Lam. ill. t. 562. f. 1. Smith, engl. bot. 776. Curt. lond. t. 40. Woodv. med. bot. t. 30. Fl. dan. 1039. Schkuhr. handb. 2. t. 187. Flowers usually pink, some- times they are to be seen white and purplish. A very common and variable plant. Root tuberous, like those of Dentaria, which this species greatly resembles in habit. Far. /3, jlore plena ; flowers double and pink. Clus. hist. 2. p. 129. f. 1. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 889. f. 2. Var. y, grandiflora (C. Bauh. pin. 104.) flowers large, white. Far. S, debllis (D. C. syst. 2. p. 257.) stem weak ; segments of the upper leaves very narrow. Far. e, stolonifera (D. C. 1. c.). C. pratensis monstrosa, Naun- burg in Rcem. arch. 2. p. 14. t. 2. Far. £, angustifolia (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 45.) leaflets of radical leaves lanceolate, tapering to the base, almost entire. Native of Igloolik and others of the islands in the Arctic sea. This plant was long ago employed as a diuretic, and it has been again introduced in nervous diseases, such as epilepsy, hysteria, .chorea, and asthma, &c. A drachm or two of the powder of the dried flowers is given twice or thrice a-day. It has little sensible operation, except that it sometimes acts as a diaphoretic. The flowers and leaves are agreeably pungent, and may be eaten with other herbs in a salad. They come with the cuckoo, whence one of its English names cuckoo-Jlomer, and they cover the meadows as with linen bleaching, which is sup- posed to be the origin of the other English name, now extended to the whole genus, Lady's Smock. Meadow Lady's-Smock or Cuckoo Flower. Fl. April, May. Britain. PI. 1 to l£ foot. 29 C. DENTA'TA (Schult. obs. no. 968.) leaves pinnate; seg- ments stalked, those of the radical leaves are roundish, of the stem oblong and narrowed at the base, the terminal one wedge- shaped ; pods obliquely erect, only equalling the breadth of the style. "If. . H. B. Native of Galicia, Volhynia, and Podolia in marshes along banks of rivers and brooks. C. Buchtormensis, Willd. ined. Flowers white like those of C. amara or C. uliginbsa. Runners creeping. Tooled-leaved Lady's-Smock. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 foot. 30 C. PENNSYLVA'NICA (Muhl. cat. p. 60.) leaves pinnate, or pinnately-lyrate ; lobes oval, angularly-toothed, blunt ; stem erect ; petals oblong ; stigma minute, almost sessile, linear. I/ . H. B. Native of North America in low meadows from New York to Pennsylvania, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 395. Pursh, fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 440. Flowers small, white ; petals oblong-linear, a little longer than the calyx. Pennsyhanian Lady 's-Smock. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 ft. 31 C. VIRGI'NICA (Lin. spec. 915.) leaves pinnate ; segments lanceolate, somewhat auricled ; stem erect ; pods long, strictly erect. If. . H. B. Native of North America in low meadows from Canada to Carolina. A'rabis Virginica, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 413.— Pet. gen. t. 105. f. 18. Pluk. aim. 251. t. 101. f. 4. Flowers white ? Virginian Lady's Smock. Fl. May, June. PI. -| foot. 32 C. FLA'CCIDA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 21.) stems branched, prostrate, flagelliform, rooting ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets angular or toothed, stalked ; pedicels spreading, lower ones furnished with bracteas ; siliques erect. 1£. H. Native of Chile in humid grassy places. Flowers small, white, in short racemes. Leaves with 1-2 pair of leaflets and an .odd one. F/acci<£-stemmed Lady's-Smock. PI. creeping. 33 C. ? TE'RES (Mich, fl.bor. amer. 2. p. 29.) leaves pinnate- parted, lyrate ; lobes oval-oblong, terminal one somewhat 3- VOL. i. — PART it. lobed ; pods short, erect, terete. It . H. W. Native of North America in inundated places from New England to New York. Flowers unknown. Perhaps a species of Nasturtium. Terete-podded Lady's-Smock. Fl. May, July. PI. \ foot. 34 C. HIRSUVTA (Lin. spec. 915.) leaves pinnate ; segments of the radical leaves stalked, roundish, mucronate, entire or notched ; petals oblong ; stigmas minute, almost sessile ; pods spreading, smooth, but sometimes pilose. O- H.B. Native of waste ground, especially in moist shady places, very frequent throughout Europe, Tauria, and Persia, also of North America ; plen- tiful in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 492. Curt. lond. 4. t. 48. Scop. earn. ed. 2. no. 817. t. 38. Schkuhr. handb. 2. t. 187. Stok. mat. med. 3. p. 445. C. flexuosa, With. brit. 578. C. parviflora, Lightf. fl. scot. 1104. C. impatiens, fl. dan. t. 735. Flowers in corymbs, white. Dr. Hooker considers C. Pennsyl- vdnica and C. Virginica to he identical with this species. Far. /3, maxima (D. C. syst. 2. p. 260.) C. hirsuta maxima, Fisch. cat. hort. gorenk. 1808. p. 81. Plant large. Far. y, prolifera (D. C. 1. c.). St. Hil. not Orl. p. 35. Calyx 3-flowered. Hairy Lady's-Smock. Fl. May, June. Brit. PI. £ to 1 ft. 35 C. SYLVA'TICA (Link, in Hoffm. phyt. blatt. l.p. 50.) leaves pinnate ; segments regularly sinuate-toothed, mucronate ; petals oblong ; pods spreading, equalling the breadth of the style, and are as well as branches smooth. O- H. Native throughout Europe in woods in moist places. Perhaps also in Britain, mixed with C. hirsuta. Flowers white, a little larger than those of C. hirsuta. C. hirsuta, Web. spec.gcet. p. 18. C. muscosa, Vahl. herb. Wood Lady's Smock. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1822. PI. J to 1 ft. 36 C. UMBRO'SA (Andrz. cruc. ined. D. C. syst. 2. p. 260.) leaves pinnate, cut ; segments entire, mucronate ; petals oblong ; pods rather spreading, twice longer than the breadth of the thick style, which are as well as branches smooth. O- H. B. Na- tive of Cevennes, Volhynia, and perhaps may be found every where mixed with C. hirsuta and C. sylvdtica in woods. Very like C. hirsuta and C. sylcdtica, but the whole plant is nearly smooth. Perhaps C. tenella of Clark, voy. vol. 2. is identical with this. Flowers white. Shady Lady's-Smock. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1823. PI. i to 1ft. 37 C. PARVIFLO'RA (Lin. spec. 919.) leaves pinnate-parted; lobes sessile, oblong, or linear, entire, lower ones remote from the stem ; petals oblong-linear ; pedicels somewhat spreading ; pods erect. O- H. B. Native of France about Nantes, Montpelier, in Provence, Transylvania, Russia at Tanaim, from the river laico to the Oby in grassy humid places. Gmel. sib. 3. p. 270. no. 37. t. 64. Wrangel, diss. Stockh. 1823. Very like C. hirsuta, but more slender and decumbent. Flowers small, white. Small-flowered Lady's-Smock. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1800. PI. | foot. 38 C. IMPA'TIENS (Lin. spec. 914.) leaves pinnate ; segments oval-oblong, mostly cut, lower stem ones approximate, acute, form of stipulas. Q. H. Native of shady, rather moist rocky situations, in many parts of Europe and the north of Asia. In the north of England under the rocks by the river side at Matlock-bath, Derbyshire, and in various parts of Westmoreland and Cumberland ; rare in Scotland. Smith, engl. bot. t. 80. Fl. dan. 1. 1339. C. parviflora, var. /3, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 500. C. apetala, Mcench. meth. 259. Flowers small, sometimes without petals, sometimes furnished with small white oblong petals. Pods, when ripe, curling up when touched. /3. eriocdrpa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 262.) pods pilose. C. dasy- carpa, Bieb. suppl. 437. O- H. Native of Iberia. Impatient-podded Lady's-Smock. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 39 C. LATIFO'LIA (Vahl. symb. 2. p. 7.) leaves pinnate, 170 CRUCIFERjE. XIII. CARDAMINE. . smooth ; segments 3 or 7, rather orbicular, angularly-toothed ; pods erect, a little longer than the pedicels, pointed with the style. I/. H. B. Native of the south of Europe along the borders of mountain rivulets, particularly in the Pyrenees. C. chelidonia, Lam. diet. 2. p. 183. exclusive of the synonym of Barrelier. C. raphanifolia, Pourr. act. Toul. 3. p. 310. Flowers purplish, a little larger than those of C. pratensis. Herm. par. p. 203. t. 69. Var. ft, Legionensis (D. C. syst. 2. p. 262.) segments of leaves 7. I/. H. B. Native of Spain in the mountains of Leon. Var. y, Calabria ; segments of leaves smaller ; pedicels shorter. Tf.. H. B. Native of the kingdom of Naples near Scylla. Broad-leaved Lady's-Smock. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1710. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 40 C. MACROPHY'LLA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 484.) leaves pinnate, somewhat pubescent ; segments 5, oval-lanceolate, pointed, un- equally serrated. T/.H. B. Native of Siberia and Altaia near the town of Mangasea. Dentaria hirsutula, Andrz. in litt. C. chelidonia, Pall. itin. 3. p. 54. — Gmel. sib. 3. p. 269. t. 62. Flowers about the size and colour of those of C. pratensis. Habit of a species of Dentaria. Branches of root creeping. Long-leaved Lady's-Smock. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 orli foot. 41 C. CHELIDO'NIA (Lin. spec. 914.) leaves pinnate, rather smooth ; segments stalked, ovate, toothed, lower segments pin- nate, into 3 or 4 small segments. I/. H. B. Native of Naples, Hungary, Croatia, &c. in wooded mountains in moist places. Waldst. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 149. t. 140. Petals oval, purple. Celandine Lady's-Smock. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1739. PL 1 foot. 42 C. PETIOLA'RIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 264.) leaves on long stalks, smootn, pinnate ; segments 9-10, stalked, ovate, toothed, somewhat lobed ; pods erect. % ? H. B. Native of Northern Caucasus near Mosdock. C. chelidonia affinis, Goldb. in litt. Flowers white, nearly the size of those of C. thalictrotdes. Ra- dical leaves almost the length of the flower stems. Stalked-\ea\ed Lady's-Smock. PI. 4 foot. 43 C. PECTINA TA (Pall. herb. & D. C. syst. 2. p. 264.) leaves stalked, smooth, pinnate ; segments 7-9, stalked, ovate, pecti- nately-lobed ; pods spreading. Q? H. B. Native of Persia. Flowers small, white ; petals oblong, bluntish. Herb pale green. Pectinate-\o\)ed-}ea\ed Lady's-Smock. Fl. July. PL 4 foot. 44 C. HEDERA'CEA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 264.) leaves stalked, smooth, pinnate ; segments 5, stalked, broad-ovate, and bluntly 3-lobed ; pods erect. If. ? H. B. Native of Syria. Flowers small, white. Pods very slender. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 30. f. A. Ivy-liJte-\ea.ved Lady's-Smock. FL ? PL |- to 3 foot. 45 C. GLACIA'LIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 264.) leaves stalked, pin- nate, somewhat ciliated ; lower segments sessile, 2 pair, small, terminal one stalked, large, reniform ; pods erect. 1£ . H. B. Native of Terra del Fuego in moist places which are nearly always covered with snow. Sisymbrium glaciale, Forst. comm. Goett. 9. p 32. Flowers white. Pods almost filiform. Far. ft, (D. C. 1. c.) segments of leaves 3. Icy Lady's-Smock. PL -j- foot. 46 C. DE'BILIS (Banks, mss. and herb.) leaves stalked, smooth, pinnate ; segments stalked, ovate, somewhat sinuated, mostly 2 pair, with an odd one which is kidney-shaped ; stem weak ; pods erect. O? H. B. Native of New Zealand. Sisymbrium heterophyllum, Forst. prod. p. 64. no. 250. Flowers small, white. Stems almost naked. Weak-stemmed Lady's Smock. PI. ^ foot. 47 C. SARMENTO'SA (Forst. fl. app. p. 92. no. 529.) leaves stalked, smooth, pinnate ; segments 5, ovate, cut at the base, lower ones stalked ; stem almost naked, bearing runners at the base ; pods spreading. 1£ . G. B. Native of the island of Teatinos in the South Sea. Flowers small, white ; pedicels fili- form, at last spreading. Straggling Lady's-Smock. PL j foot. 48 C. THALICTROI'DES (All. ped. no. 951. t. 57. f. 1.) leaves stalked, smooth, upper ones pinnate ; segments 3-5, stalked, ovate, 3-lobed ; stem weak ; pods spreading. $ . H. B. Na- tive of the Alps of Piedmont, Dauphiny, and perhaps in Switzer- land, in rugged moist places in woods. C. Plumierii, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 359. t. 38. exclusive of the synonym of Bocconi. Flowers white, hardly smaller than those of C. amdra, with a yellowish throat and claws. Meadorv-JRue-like Lady's-Smock. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt. 1819. Pl.f ft. 49 C. GLAU'CA (Spreng. in litt. 1819.) leaves stalked, smooth, glaucous, rather fleshy, pinnate ; segments 5 or 9, oblong, ter- minal one 3-lobed ; stem diffuse, much branched ; pods erect, smooth. T{.. H. Native of Calabria on a mountain near Reggio. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 31. C. Bergeriana, Andrz. in litt. 1820. C. thalictroides, Tin. C. corydaloides, Cusson. Flowers white, nearly the size of those of C. amara. A. tufted plant. Glaucous Lady's-Smock. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1824. PL i ft. 50 C. MARI'TIMA (Portenschlag, in litt. D. C. syst. 2. p. 266.) leaves stalked, smooth, glaucous, pinnate ; segments 5 or 7, obo- vately cuneated, repand ; stem diffuse, much branched : pods erect, smooth. O- H. Native of Dalmatia in the peninsula of Sabioncello, formerly called Hyllis, in sand on the sea-shore. Welden. icon. ined. t. 12. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 32. This plant much resembles Pteroneilrum carnosum and also C. glaucum, but differs from them both by its being an annual. Stems pur- plish. Leaves somewhat fleshy. Flowers white. Sea-side Lady's-Smock. PL j foot. 51 C. DIGITA'TA (Richards, in Frankl. 1st journ. ed. 2. app. p. 26.) leaves digitately-pinnate ; lobes 7, sessile, linear, quite entire ; style short, hardly narrower than the pod ; stigma capi- tate; root creeping. If.. H. Native in sterile places at the Arctic sea. Plant very smooth, simple, ascendant, creeping at the base. Flowers white, tinged with purple, in loose, many- flowered racemes. Calyx yellow. .Digitate-leaved Lady's-Smock. Fl. June, July. PL -| foot. 52 C. PURPU REA (Cham, et Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 20.) leaves radical, few, on long stalks, pinnate, with 2 pair of orbicular, obovate, or elliptical leaflets, and a very large, ovate, roundish, somewhat 3-lobed odd one, which is rather cordate at the base, and tapering into the petiole, all sessile ; style a line long. I/ . H. Native of the island of St. Lawrence. Plant beset with a few simple, spreading, stiff hairs. Leaflets running into the rachis, quite entire. Flowers purple, in short 8-1 0-flowered racemes ; petals twice as long as the calyx ; anthers white. Purple-fioviered Lady's-Smock. PL 1 foot. •f Species not sufficiently known. 53 C. ? MULTI'FIDA (Banks, herb. Pursh, fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 440.) pubescent, branched ; leaves interruptedly-pinnate ; seg- ments bi-pinnatifid, the extreme lobes roundish, cut ; pods shorter than the pedicels, y.. H. Native of Eastern Florida. Nasturtium multifidum, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 885. Perhaps a species of Brachylobus. Multifid-\ez\ed Lady's-Smock. PL ? 54 C. ? MENZI'ESII (D. C. syst. 2. p. 267.) canescent from stellate hairs ; leaves pinnate ; segments bi-pinnatifid, lobes small, acute ; pods length of the pedicels. Native of the west coast of North America. Nasturtium Menziesii, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 883. Perhaps also a species of Brachylobus. Flowers unknown. Menzies's Lady's-Smock. P.I. 1 foot. 55 C. ? GERANIIFOLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 268.) very smooth ; CRUClFERjE. XIII. CARDAMINE. XIV. PTERONEURUM. XV. DENTARIA. 171 leaves somewhat bipinnate ; segments deeply-lobed, acute ; pods awl-shaped, erect. — Native of the Straits of Magellan. Sisym- brum geraniifolium, Poir. diet. 7. p. 218. Petals white, obovate. Geranium-leaved Lady's Smock. PI. l£ foot. 56 C. SCUTA'TA (Thunb. in Lin. trans. 2. p. 62.) radical leaves stalked, ternate, cauline ones few, with the terminal lobe roundish. — Native of Japan. C. trif dlia, Thunb. fl. jap. 260. but not of Lin. *S7iieW-leaved Lady's-Smock. PL J foot. 57 C. NEMORO'SA (Lejeun. fl. spa. 2. p. 62.) T£. H. Very villous ; leaves pinnate ; segments roundish-angular. Native of France in woods about Malmedy and Encival. Flowers ter- minal, few, corymbose, a little larger and of a more deep purple than those of C. pratensis. Grove Lady's-Smock. Fl. May, June. PI. 1 foot. 58 C. ARTICULATA (Pursh. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 439.) stem naked ; radical leaves lanceolate, deeply-toothed, smooth. If. . H. Native of North America on the western coast. Pods tur- gid, somewhat jointed. Jointed-foAAeA Lady's-Smock. PL £ foot. 59 C. OCCU'LTA (Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. p. 71.) radical leaves roundish ; cauline ones pinnate or ternate ; flowers without petals. ©. H. Native of China. Perhaps a species of Nasturtium. //«W-petaIled Lady's-Smock. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1820. PL 1 ft. 60 C. HETEROPHY'LLA (Lapeyr. abr. pyr. 377.) plant smooth, simple ; radical leaves roundish, with toothed petioles, cauline ones lyrate. $ . H. Native of the Pyrenees, on the top of the mountain called Pic-du-Midi. Perhaps the same as C. heterophylla of Bory. in ann. gen. sc. ph. 3. p. 6. ? Petals equal in length with the closed calyx. Pods blunt, with a blunt append- age. Flowers white. Variable-leaved Lady's-Smock. PL ^ foot. 61 C. PROPI'NQUA (Carm. in Lin. soc. trans. 12. p. 507.) plant very smooth ; leaves pinnate ; segments blunt, toothed, terminal one largest. — Native of Tristan da-Cunha on the sides of mountains. Allied to C. glacialis. Allied Lady's-Smock. PL ? 62 C. BI'COLOR (Presl. fl. cech. 1 36.) leaves pinnate, stipu- late ; segments elliptical-lanceolate, sessile ; sepals roundish. Tf. . H. B. Native of Bohemia in humid fields. Two-coloured Lady's-Smock. PL 1 foot ? 63 C. OPI'CII (Presl. fl. cech. p. 136.) leaves pinnate, stipu- late ; segments repandly-angular, sessile, lower ones roundish. I/. H. B. Native of Bohemia in moist meadows. There are two varieties of this plant, one with hairy, the other with smooth- ish petioles. Opici's Lady's-Smock. PL ? 64 C. REFLE'XA (Raf. fl. lud. p. 84. no. 269.) I/ .H.B. Native of North America, near water, particularly in Louisiana. Flowers white. Petals reflexed, longer than the calyx. Perhaps referable to C. Pennsylcdnica. Leaves smooth, pinnate ; segments tooth- ed at the top ; racemes elongated. .Re/Zea;ed-petalled Lady's Smock. PL -| foot. 65 C. ANOUSTIFOLIA (Raf. fl. lud. p. 84. no. 270.) leaves pin- nate ; segments linear, filiform ; pods erect. I/ . H. B. Native of Louisiana near water. A small plant. Narrow-leaved Lady's-Smock. PL ? Cult. The greater part of the species require a moist or damp shady situation, but in any kind of soil. Some of the rarer kinds may be planted in pots, and these placed in pans of water. C. hirsiita, and several other species, produce young plants from the leaves. All that is necessary is to lay the leaf on a moist grassy surface, or on moss kept moist. The plant propagates itself extensively in this way in moist soils ; but the easiest and most certain method is by dividing the perennial species at the root. The annual and biennial kinds only require to be sown in the open border in a damp situation, where they may be allowed afterwards to sow themselves. Many of the peren- nial kinds are very ornamental plants, but the annual and bien- nial kinds have a weedy appearance, and therefore they are only proper to be preserved in botanical gardens. XIV. PTERONEU'RUM (from irrepov, pteron, a wing, and vevpov, neuron, a nerve ; placentas with winged nerves.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 269. prod. 1. p. 154. LIN. SYST. Tetr adynamia, Siliquosa. Silique lanceolate, with flat nerveless valves, usually opening with elasticity. Placentas with winged nerves. Funicle dilated. Style 2-edged. Roots fibrous. Leaves pinnate, with stalked segments. Racemes ter- minal. Pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers white. Fruit like that of Dentaria ; the rest of the plant like Carddmine. 1 P. JAVA'NICUM (Blum, bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Lin- neea. 1. p. 644.) leaves ternate; leaflets stalked, ovate-oblong, deeply-toothed, lateral ones unequal at the base. If. . S. Native of Java. Java Pteroneurum. PL 1 foot. 2 P. DECU'RRENS (Blum. 1. c.) leaves pinnate ; leaflets usually 5, ovate, repand-toothed, rather ciliated, running into the petiole at the base. If . S. Native of Java. Decurrent-leaveA Pteroneurum. PL 1 foot. 3 P. CARNOSUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 270.) segments of leaves ovate and somewhat emarginate, rather glaucous. % . H. Na- tive of Hungary on calcareous mountains among loose stones. Cardamine carnosa, Waldst. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 137. t. 129. Calyx spreading. Corolla double the length of the calyx. Petals white, obovate. Root and leaves fleshy. Stem purplish at the base. Fleshy-leaved Pteroneurum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PL 1 ft. 4 P. GR«VCUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 270.) segments of leaves stalked, nearly orbicular, dentately-lobed. Q. H. Native of Corsica, Sicily, Italy, Greece, and most of the islands in the Archipelago, on shaded mountains. Cardamine Grseca, Lin. spec. 915. Gaert. fruct. 2. t. 143. Lam. ill. t. 562. f. 2. Smith fl. graec. t. 631. Flowers white, hardly the size of those of C. amdra. Herb pale, green, somewhat glaucous, having the ap- pearance of a species of Fumdria or Thalictrum. Grecian Pteroneurum. FL Ju. July. Clt. 1710. PL •§• foot. Cult. These plants succeed best in light sandy soil, and are well adapted for rock-work. The P. carnbsum may be increased by dividing the plant at the root or by seeds. The P. Gree'cum by seeds, which may be either sown in the rock-work, or in the open boder. The Java species will require to be kept in a stove. XV. DENT A' RIA (from dens, a tooth ; tooth-like structure of roots; for the same reason it is called Toothniort in English.) Tourn. inst. 225. t. 111. Lin. gen. no. 811. Lam. ill. t. 562. Juss. gen. D. C. syst. 2. p. 271. prod. 1. p. 154. LIN. SVST. Tetradynamia, Siliquosa. Silique lanceolate, with flat nerveless valves, usually opening with elasticity. Placentas not winged. Funicle dilated. Seeds ovate, not margined, dis- posed in one row. Radical trunt fleshy, horizontal, irregularly toothed. Scape erect, bearing the raceme at the top. Radical leaves none or few, on long stalks ; cauline one stalked, placed on the middle of the scape, usually in threes, alternate, or in whorles, palmately or pinnately-cut. Pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers white, cream-coloured or purplish. § 1 . Ferticillatce. Stem leaves nhorled. Style long. Valves terminating at the base of the style, hardly acuminated. 1 D. POLYPHY'LLA (Walds. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 2. p. 1 74. t. 160.) leaves 3, in a whorl, or alternate, stalked, pinnate; seg- ments 7 or 9, approximate, lanceolate, acuminated, serrated. Z 2 172 CRUCIFERJE. XV. DENTARIA. y. . H. Native of Hungary in shady moist places of woods. Flowers large, cream-coloured. Var. /3, D. ochroleuca (Gaud, herb.) segments of leaves short, ciliated. Native of Switzerland and Piedmont. Many-leaved Toothwort. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 ft. 2 D! ENNEAPHY'LLA (Lin. spec. 912.) leaves 3, in a whorl, stalked, ternate ; segments ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, ser- rated ; stamens length of petals. I/ . H. Native of moun- tain woods, particularly on the Carpathian mountains among the beech, and even at the height of 4000 feet among the Pinus Mughus, also in Styria, Hungary, Austria, Carniola, Piedmont, &c. Jacq. aust. t. 361. Cardamine enneaphyllos, Crantz. cruc. p. 27. Cardamine enneaphy'lla, R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 101. — Lob. icon. t. 687. — Morr. oxon. 2. p. 254. sect. 3. t. 10. f. 1. Flowers white, when dry cream-coloured. Herb acrid. Nine-leaved Toothwort. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1659. PI. 1 ft. 3 D. GLANDULOSA (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 3. p. 302. t. 272.) leaves 3 in a whorl, stalked, ternate ; segments oval-lanceolate, acuminated, serrated, bearing glands in the axillae ; stamens one- half shorter than the petals. If,. H. Native of Hungary in hu- mid woods ; in Transylvania on mount Gaetzenberg. Petals pur- plish, much longer and larger than the calyx. Glandular Toothwort. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1815. PI. 1 foot. 4 D. LACINIA'TA (Muhl. cat. 60.) leaves 3 in a whorl, on short stalks, 3-parted ; lobes or segments linear, entire or deeply ser- rated, or jagged. 3/ . H. Native of North America in moun- tain woods, from New England to Canada, particularly on the highest mountains of Carolina, also in Pennsylvania about West Chester. D. concatenate, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 30. Flowers large. Petals oblong, rose-coloured, or almost white. Far. (3, minor (D. C. syst. 2. p. 273.) plant smaller in all its parts, hardly 3 inches high. Jagged-leaved Toothwort. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1823. Pi. 1 ft. 5 D. HETEROPHY'LLA (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 66.) cauline leaves 2, opposite, stalked, ternate ; segments lanceolate-linear, entire. I/. . H. Native of western Pennsylvania under the shade of pine woods ; on banks at Wishahikon Bay, not far from Philadelphia. This is the smallest of all the species. Flowers pale-purple, about the size of those of Carddmine pra- tensis. Variable-leaved Toothwort. PI. \ foot. § 2. Palmatifblia. Cauline leaves alternate, palmately-cut into 3 or 5 sections. 6 D. TENE'LLA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 439.) leaves 2, alternate, sessile, cut in 3 linear-elliptical entire segments. I/ . H. Native of North America along the banks of the Columbia river. Flowers purple, about the size of those of Carddmine pratensis. Slender Toothwort. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1826. PL | foot. 7 D. DIPHY'LLA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 30.) cauline leaves 2, alternate, on short stalks, cut into 3 ovate-lanceolate grossly and unequally serrate-lobed segments. If.. H. Native of North America from Pennsylvania to Canada, on the higher mountains in shady beech woods. Sims, hot. mag. t. 1465. Dentaria bifolia, Stok. mat. med. 3. p. 443. Petals ovate, white on the inside, and purple on the outside (Sims), pale red, with a tinge of yellow (Pursh), yellowish (Mich.). The roots of this plant have a pungent mustard-like-taste, and are used by the natives in the mountains instead of mustard, where it is generally known by the name of Pepper-root. Two-leavedToothwort. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1810. Pl.itolft. 8 D. MA'XIMA (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 66.) leaves many, alter- nate, stalked, cut into 3 broad oval deeply-toothed segments. 7/ . H. Native of the western parts of Pennsylvania, and in the fields about New York. Flowers pale-purple. Petals oblong- oval. Largest Toothwort. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. PI. 2 feet. 9 D. TRIFOLIA (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 148. t. 139.) leaves many, alternate, stalked, cut into 3 ovate-lanceolate re- motely-toothed segments, bearing glands in the axillae. "%. . H. Native of Hungary in shady valleys. Petals white, obovate, spreading 3 times longer than the calyx. Three-leaved Toothwort. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 ft. 10 D. DIGITA TA (Lam. diet. 2. p. 268.) cauline leaves many, alternate, stalked, palmately cut into 5 oblong-lanceolate, pointed, grossly serrated segments. I/ . H. Native of France, Germany, Switzerland, upper Italy, and Carniola, &c. in shady mountain woods. Dentaria pentaphyllos, Lin. spec. 912. var. /3 and y, Scop. earn. no. 814. Sims, hot. mag. t. 2202. Cardamine pentaphylla, R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 101. — Clus. hist. 2. p. 122. f. 1. Mor. oxon. 2. p. 255. no. 3. sect. 3. t. 10. f. 3.— Taber. icon. p. 323 and 324.— Garid. aix. prov. p. 152. t. 29. Flowers white or rather purplish. Digitate-leaved Toothwort. Fl. My. Ju. Clt. 1659. PI. to H ft. § 3. Pinnatifolia. Cauline leaves pinnate, alternate. 11 D. PINNA'TA (Lam. diet. 2. p. 268. ill. t. 562. f. 1.) cauline leaves alternate, stalked, pinnate ; segments oblong, acuminated, serrate-toothed. If.. H. Native of France, Italy, and Switzer- land, in shady mountain woods. Boiss. fl. europ. t. 449. Stok. mat. med. 3. p. 444. D. heptaphyllos, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 364. D. pentaphyllos /3, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 498. Cardamine pin- nata, R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 101. — Garid. aix. prov. p. 152. t. 28. Swert, floril. 2. t. 23. This plant differs from D. bulbifera, to which it is nearly allied, by the superior leaves being never undivided, and also from its not bearing bulbs in the axillae. Flowers white. Pinnate-leaved Toothwort. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1683. PI. 1 ft. 12 D. WALLICHII; leaflets 9-12, opposite, lanceolate, mu- cronate, deeply and bluntly serrated, pilose beneath, as well as the stem, which is simple ; racemes many-flowered, pubescent. Tf.. H. Native of Gosaingsthan. Leaves a span in length; leaflets 3 inches in length. Flowers pale purple. This plant differs from D. pinnata in the leaves being furnished with a greater number of leaflets. Cardamine polyphy'lla, D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 202. Wallich's Toothwort. PI. 1 £ foot. 13 D. QUINQUEFOLIA (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 109. suppl. 436.) cauline leaves 3, alternate or whorled, pinnate ; segments 5 or 7, oblong-linear, grossly toothed, terminal one not confluent. If. . H. Native of Tauria and Caucasus, and in the Ukraine, and about the town of Lubni in Russia Minor, under trees and in woods. D. Caucasica, Willd. herb. D. pinnata, Pall. ined. D. pentaphyllos, Guldenst. itin. 1. p. 194. 420. Very like D. pinnata Hyp&nica and bulbifera. Flowers pale-purple ? Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 33. Five-leaved Toothwort. Fl. April, Ju. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 foot. 14 D. HYPA'NICA (Besser, in litt. D. C. syst. 2. p. 278.) cauline leaves 3, alternate or in a whorl, pinnate ; segments 5-7, oblong-linear, toothed, terminal one confluent. T/ . H. Native of Bessarabia and Podolia on the banks of the river Hypanis, sometimes called Bog river. Nearly allied to D. quin- que/olia, and easily confused with it ; it is principally distin- guished from it by the ultimate segment of the leaves being never cut down to the base, but confluent. Flowers pale-purple ? Hypan Toothwort. Fl. April, May. PI. 1 foot. 15 D. BULBI'FERA (Lin. spec. 912.) cauline leaves alternate, pinnate, upper one undivided, for the most part bearing bulbs in the axillae. 2/ . H. Native of Sweden, France, Switzerland, Italy, Germany, Greece, Transylvania, Carniola, Iberia, and CRUCIFERyE. XVI. PARRYA. XVII. LUNARIA. 173 Caucasus, at the base of mountains in shady humid places. In England, near Mayfield, Sussex ; in the old park-wood near Harefield, Middlesex, abundantly ; in woods between Beacons- field and Wickham, plentifully ; on the north side of the high rocks at Tunbridge Wells, and elsewhere in that neighbourhood. Smith, eng. bot. t. 30.9. Fl. dan. t. 361. Schkuhr. handb. 2. t. 183. Tratt. arch. 4. t. 188. Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 443. Flowers purple, but they are said to be sometimes white. Var. /3, ptarmiccefolia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 279.) upper leaves more sharply-serrated. — Besl. hort. eyst. cest. ord. 7. t. 12. f. 2. — Mor. oxon. 2. p. 255. f. 6. Bulb-bearing Toothwort. Fl. April, May. England. PL 1£ to 2 feet. 16 D. MICROPHY'LLA (Willd. .spec. 3. p. 479.) cauline leaves 3, alternate or somewhat verticillate, all pinnate, segments 7-11, linear-lanceolate, entire or somewhat toothed. If. . H. Native of Caucasus and Iberia, in woods. Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 108. Flowers purplish, almost like those of D. pinnata. Small-leaved Toothwort. Fl. April, May. PI. |- foot. 17 D. TENuip6LiA (Lebeb. mem. acad. peters. 5. 1815. p. 547.) cauline leaves on short stalks, alternate, some of which are ternate, others pinnately-quinate ; segments linear, acute, quite entire ; root fibrous, bearing roundish tubers. If. . H. Native of Siberia, on the banks of rivers, and in humid meadows ; also of North America, on the banks of the Columbia. D. trifida, Lam. ill. t. 562. f. 2. D. tuberosa, Patrin, ined. — Gmel. sib. 3. p. 272. no. 41. t. 65. Flowers rose-coloured or purple, size of those of Cardamine pratensis. Far. ft, inclsa ; segments of leaves deeply notched. 1£ . H. Native of the Ural Mountains, in Siberia. Fine-leaved Toothwort. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1825. PI. £ foot. Cult. These plants succeed best in a light sandy soil, in moist shady situations. They may be either increased by dividing the roots, or by seeds. The D, bulbifera may be encreased by the bulbs which grow in the axillae of the leaves. They are all or- namental plants, and deserve to be cultivated. XVI. PA'RRYA (in honour of Captain William Edward Par- ry, R. N. formerly commander of the expeditions sent in search of a North-West passage. ) R. Br. in Parry's 1st. voy. app. p. 269. t. B. Hook. fl. bor amer. p. 46. LIN. SYST. Telradynamia, Siliquosa. Silique broad-linear, with flat valves, which are more or less distinctly veined. Seeds disposed in something like 2-rows, edged with a broad wing. Umbilical cord adnate to the dissepiment above. Lobes of stig- ma approximate. Evergreen perennial herbs with lanceolate or oblong rather fleshy, toothed or entire leaves, and pale rose-co- loured flower. Roots thick, woody, fusiform, covered with the vestiges of the old leaves at their neck. 1 P. MACROCA'RPA (R. Brown, in Parry's 1st. voy. app. p. 270. Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 47. t. 15.) siliques broad-linear; anthers linear ; leaves broad, lanceolate, deeply toothed. 1£. H. Native of North America, to the west of Mackenzie River, fre- quent on the shores of Kotzebue's Sound, and the adjacent coast, and the Island of St. Lawrence. Originally found in Siberia. Neuroloma arabiflorum, D. C. prod. 1. p. 156. Hesperis ara- biflora, D. C. syst. 2. p. 454. Neuroloma nudicaule, D. C. prod. 1. p. 156. A'rabis nudicaule, D. C. syst. 2. p. 240. Cardamine articulata, Pursh. fl. sept. amer. 2. p. 439 ? Carda- mine nudicaulis, Lin. spec. 913. Flowers in corymbs, large, of a purple rose-colour. Var. a, dspera (Hook. 1. c.) plant beset with glandular hairs. If. . H. A'rabis caule nudo, Lin. amoen. acad. 2. p. 358. t. 4. f. 20. A'rabis grandiflora, Willd. spec. pi. Neuroloma arabiflo- rum ft, D. C. 1. c. Var. ft, glabra (Hook. 1. c.) plant quite smooth. Neuroloma arabiflorum a, D. C. Long-fruited Parrya. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1798. PI. £ foot. 2 P. A'RCTICA (R. Br. in Parry's 1st. voy. app. p. 269. t. B.) siliques linear oblong ; anthers oval ; leaves (almost all) quite en- tire ; peduncles quite smooth. If.. H. Native of North Ame- rica in the Eastern Arctic Islands, and shores of the continent of Arctic America eastward of the Mackenzie river. Flowers in co- rymbs, of a pale purple-colour. Arctic Parrya. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. PI. £ foot. 3 P. EXSCA'PA (Ledeb. ex Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 48.) pedi- cels, appear to spring from the top of the root without any scape, and by the number and size of the flowers appear to conceal the leaves ; siliques 4-inches long ; seeds hardly margined ; umbilical cord wholly fixed to the dissepiment. I/ . H. Native of the Al- taian mountains. Flowers probably rose-coloured. Scapeless Parrya. PI. £ foot. 4 P. scAplcERA ; pedicels length of calyx ; petals rather emarginate ; leaves almost all radical, stalked, lanceolate, fleshy, smooth as well as the stem. 1£. H. Native of Siberia, at the mouth of the river Lena, at Cape Bykofskoy, and also at the mouth of the river Volga. Neuroloma scapigerum, D. C. prod. 1. p. 156. Hesperis scapiger, D. C. syst. 2. p. 454. Cheiranthus scapiger, Adam, mem. soc. nat. mosc. 5. p. 112. no. 18. Flowers violet, about the size of those of Hesperis ma- trondlis, disposed in racemose corymbs. Leaves entire or toothed. Scape-bearing Parrya. PI. ^ foot. 5 P. INTEGE'RRIMA ; stem sufFruticose at the base ; radical leaves rather spatulate, quite entire ; cauline ones few ; racemes at first corymbose. T? . H. Native of Siberia. Flower beau- tiful purple, about the size of those of Cardamine pratensis, Sweet, brit. fl. gard. icon. ined. but perhaps under a different name. Very-entire-leaved Parrya. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1827. PI. i foot. Cult. The species of this genus are well adapted for orna- menting rock-work, but as they are very rare and apt to be killed in the winter, we therefore would recommend a plant or two of each to be planted in pots, and placed among other alpine plants. A mixture of sand, loam, and peat will answer them well ; the pots which they are planted in should be well drained with potsherds. They may be increased by dividing the plants at the root, but more readily by seeds or by young cuttings. Tribe II. ALYSSI'NE-iE (plants agreeing with Alyssum in some im- portant characters) or PLEURORHI'Z^ (ir\evpa, pleura, a side, pi£a, rkiza, a root ; radicle at side of cotyledons: f. 46. c.) LATISE'PT-iE (latus, broad, and septum, a dissepiment.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 280. prod. 1. p. 156. Silicle opening longitudinally, with a broad oval membranous dissepiment, and flat or concave valves. Seed compressed, usually margined (f. 46. g. /t.). Coty- ledons flat, accumbent, parallel with the dissepiment (f. 46. c. ; f. 45. g.). XVII. LUNA'RIA (from lima, the moon; resemblance in broad silvery dissepiment.) Lin gen. no. 809. Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 288. t. 124. Lam. ill. t. 561. D. C. syst. 2. p. 280. prod. 1. p. 156. LIN. SYST. Tetradynhmia, Siliculbsa. Silicle stalked, ellip- tical or lanceolate, witli flat valves. Funicles long, adhering to the dissepiment Calyx somewhat bisaccate. Petals nearly entire. Stamens not toothed. Large somewhat pilose herbs, with round, erect, branched stems, and cordate grossly toothed, alter- nate or opposite stalked leaves. Flowers large, elegant, lilac. Racemes terminal ; pedicels filiform bractless. Dissepiments 174- CRUCIFER^E. XVII. LUNARIA. XVIII. RICOTIA. XIX. FARSETIA. permanent, silvery. The English name of the genus, Honesty, is given to it on account of the clear brilliant dissepiment. 1 L. REDIVIVA (Lin. spec. 911.) pods lanceolate, narrowed at both ends. If.. H. Native of France, Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Transylvania, &c. &c. in mountain woods. Lam. ill. t. 561. f. 1. L. odorata, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 457. L. Ricotia, Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 289. t. 142. L. perennis, Gmel. fl. bad. 3. p. 48. L. lanceolata, Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 442. Flowers sweet- scented, purplish. Var. (3, purpurea (D. C. syst. 2. p. 281.) flowers purple. Var, y, alpina (D. C. syst. 2. p. 281.) upper leaves less cor- date ; pods narrower. Tab. icon. 512. Lunaria alpina, Berg, phyt. 3. p. 115. Perennial Honesty. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1596. PI. 2 or 3 feet. 2 L. BIE'NNIS (Mcench. meth. 261.) pods elliptical, blunt at both ends. $ . H. Native of Sweden, Germany, France, Swit- zerland, &c. in mountain woods. L. annua, Lin. spec. 911. Lam. ill. t. 561. f. 2. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1829. t. 182. L. inodora, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 457. L. rediviva, Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 288. t. 142. exclusive of the synonyms. L. ovalis, Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 441. Flowers violet-lilac, scentless. In German this plant is named Mondviole, Mondkraut, Silber~ blume, Silberblatt, Flittern, Atlasblume, Waldriegel. In Dutch, Maankruid, Penningkruid, Zilverbloeme. In Danish, Maane- viol, Manefioler. In French, La Lunaire, Satinee, Satin blanc, Passe Satin, Medaille, Herbe aux lunettes. Var. (3, albiflora (D. C. syst. 2. p. 282.) Flowers white. — Morr. oxon. 2. p. 246. no. 2. Var. y, corcyrce'a (D. C. syst. 2. p. 283.) pods almost orbi- cular. Native of the island of Corcyra. Perhaps a distinct species. Biennial Honesty. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1595. PI. l£ to 3 ft. Cult. The species of Lunaria are large well-known ornamen- tal plants. They thrive well in the open border, in common garden soil. The L. biennis can only be increased by seeds, which should be sown in the border where the plants are intended to remain, or they may be transplanted. The L. rediviva may be either increased by dividing the plant at the root, or by seeds. XVIII. RICO'TIA (Ricot, probably the name of some ob- scure botanist.) Lin. gen. no. 810. Lam. ill. t. 561. D. C. syst. 2. p. 284. prod. 1. p. 157. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculbsa. Silicic sessile, ellip- tical, when ripe losing its dissepiment and becoming 1 -celled: valves flat. Funicles long, free. Seeds when young 4, when ripe, solitary and nearly central in the cell. Calyx with two pro- tuberances at the base. Petals entire. Stamens toothless. Smooth, slender, branched, annual herbs, with variable pinnate- lobed, stalked leaves, and filiform bractless pedicels, which are disposed in elongated racemes, bearing pale lilac-coloured flowers about the size and appearance of those of Cakile. 1 R. LUNA'RIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 284.) leaves almost bipin- nate ; lobes oblong, sinuated, angular. O- H. Native of Syria not far from Saleyeh, also on Mount Carmel near Ptolemy. R. ^igyptiaca, Lin. spec. 912. Lam. ill. t. 561. Ker. bot. reg. 49. Cardamine Lunaria, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 656. Lunaria Rico- tia, Ga:rt. fruct. 2. p. 289. t. 142.— Mill. icon. 2. p. 113. t. 169. Plant twisted, somewhat scandent. Petals lilac, with white claws. Pods ovate lanceolate. .Moon-podded Ricotia. Fl. Jun. Jul. Clt. 1757. PI. | foot. 2 R. TENUIFOLIA (Smith, fl. grsec. t. 630.) leaves somewhat bipinnatifid ; lobes linear. O- H. Native of Caramania. Peltaria Caramaniensis, Sibth. in herb. Banks. Stem much branched, twiggy. Flowers lilac. Pods compressed, flat, obovate, blunt. Fine-leaved Ricotia. Fl. Jun. Jul. PI. £ foot. •)• A species not sufficiently known. 3 R. CANTONE'NSIS (Lour. coch. ed. Willd. 2. p. 482.) leaves oblong, pinnate-cut. Native of China about Canton. Luna- ria Ricotia, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 174. Pods oblong, compress- ed, thin, nearly sessile, differing from Ricotia in having yellow flowers and many-seeded pods. Canton Ricotia. PI. -| foot. Cult. This genus of pretty annuals is well adapted for orna- menting rock-work, where the seed should be sown, or they may be sown in the open border. A light sandy soil suits them best. XIX. PARSE' TI A (in honour of Philip Farseti, a noble Venetian botanist.) Turra fars. 1765. Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 173. D. C. syst. 2. p. 286. prod. 1. p. 157. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculbsa. Silicle sessile ovate (f. 46. g.), or orbicular, with flat valves (f. 46. g.). Seed winged (f. 46. g.}. Calyx bisaccate at the base. Petals entire. Branched, erect herbs or sub-shrubs, which are more or less hoary or downy. Leaves entire, oblong. Racemes terminal ; pedi- cels filiform without bracteas, or furnished sometimes with leafy bracteas. Flowers yellow, or dirty whitish-purple. SECT. I. FARSETIA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 157. Farsetia, D. C. syst. 2. p. 287.) Petals oblong-linear, entire, whitish-pur- ple. Stamens all toothless. Pods elliptical ; dissepiment pierced at the base. 1 F. ^EGYPTI'ACA (Turr. diss. fars. 1765. 4to. p. 1. t. 1.) stems shrubby, erect ; leaves linear, pressed, hoary. Tj . G. Native of Egypt, in the desert of Cairo, and about Aleppo ; in Mauritania, at the bottom of mountains near Cafza. Cheiran- thus Farsetia, Lin. mant. 94. Desf. atl. 2. p. 89. t. 160. Lu- naria scabra, Forsk. aegyp. desc. 117. Farsetia cheiranthoides, R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 96. Stem much branched. Egyptian Farsetia. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1788. PI. 1 foot. 2 F. STYLOSA (R. Br. in append to Denh. and Clapper, journ. p. 12.) plant much branched ; silicle oblong, many-seeded ; lobes of stigma spreading. Tj . G. Native about Tripoli. Leaves not seen. Broad-styled Farsetia. PL 1 foot ? SECT. H. CYCLOCARPJE'A (from KVK\O£, kyklos, a circle, and KapTroe, karpos, a fruit ; orbicular pods.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 287. prod. 1. p. 157. Petals oblong, somewhat emarginate. Smaller stamens furnished with a tooth. Pods orbicular, smooth, with an entire dissepiment. 3 F. SUFFRUTICOSA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 287.) stems at base somewhat shrubby, erect ; leaves lanceolate, downy.' ^ . G. Native of Persia, between Hamadan and Casbin, and at Mount Elwend. Lunaria suffruticosa, Vent. eels. t. 19. Flowers rather drooping, scentless, of a violet-lilac colour. Sepals velvety. Suffruticose Farsetia. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1830. PI. 1 foot. SECT. III. FIBIGIA (derivation unknown.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 288. Med. gen. 1. p. 90. t. 2. f. 23. D. C. prod. 1. p. 157. Laminas of petals ovate or oval, yellow, entire, smaller stamens furnished each with a tooth. Pods elliptic : dissepiment entire, bounded by narrow linear areolae. This section is considered by Mr. Brown sufficient to constitute a genus. 4 F. LUNARioh>ES (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 96.) stems suffruticose, ascendant ; leaves oblong-obovate, stalked, and are as well as the pods downy-hoary. I/ . H. Native of the islands in the Archipelago. Lunaria Grae'ca, Willd. enum. 1 CRUCIFER^:. XIX. FARSETIA. XX. KONIGA. XXI. BERTEROA. 175 2. p. 675. Lunaria perennis, Mill. diet. no. 4. Alyssum luna- rioides, Willd. spec. 3. p. 461. — Tourn. itin. ed. gall. 1. p. 242. t. 30. Flowers yellow ; limb of petals ovate ; sepals whitish. Lunaria-like Farsetia. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1731. PI. 1 foot. 5 F. ERIOCA'RPA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 288.) steins erect, shrubby at the base ; leaves oblong ; pods densely clothed with silky-hairs, (f. 46. g.) Tj '£*• Native of the island of Cyprus. Very like F. clypeata, but differs in the pods being clothed with long, simple, crowded white hairs, not with short hairs. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 34. Flowers not seen. Woolly-podded Farsetia. PI. 1 foot. 6 F. CLYPEA'TA (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 96.) stems herbaceous, erect ; leaves oblong, repand ; pods velvety from short down ; stigma capitate. $ . H. Native of rocky hills and mountains in the south of Europe, on mounts Maronis and Lebanon in Sicily ; frequent in Asia- Minor, Tauria, and in Iberia, about Tiflis, &c. Sweet, fl. gard. icon. Alyssum clype- atum, Lin. spec. 909. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1815. t. 181. Draba clypeata, Lam. diet. 2. p. 328. Lunaria clypeata, All. ped. 1. p. 245. no. 899. Lunaria canescens, Willd. enum. 2. p. 675. — Lob. icon. t. 323. f. 1. Petals yellow, oblong, bluntly truncate. Var. a, ebracteata (Bcerh. ined. alt. 2. 6. no. 7.) pedicels without bracteas. Var. /3, bracteata (Bcerh. ined. alt. 2. 7. no. 10.) pedicels furnished with bracteas. Buckler-podded Farsetia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1596. PL 1 to 2 ft. 7 F. CHEIRANTHIFOLIA (Desv. journ. 3. p. 173.) stem erect, herbaceous ; leaves lanceolate, hairy, quite entire ; pods velvety with short down ; stigma bifid. j . H. Native of Greece, Italy, France, Piedmont, &c. on calcareous rocks. Alyssum utriculatum, Lin. mant. 92. Curt. bot. mag. t. 130. Waldst. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 215. t. 196. Alyssum Oederi ft, Durand, fl. bourg. 1. p. 161. Myagrum utriculatum, Berg. phyt. univ. icon. Flowers yellow, almost like those of Wall-flower. £ ladder-podded Vesicaria. Fl. Ap. Ju. Clt. 1730. PI. 1 ft. 2 V. RETICULA'TA (Lam. ill. t. 559. f. 2.) calyx? leaves ob- long-linear, smooth, radical ones rosulate, toothed, cauline ones entire. Tf.. H. Native of Armenia between Baitbout and Conac ; of Syria near Damascus. Alyssum vesicaria, Lin. spec. 910. Flowers small, yellow, in short racemes. Root perpen- dicular. Reticulated-podded Vesicaria. Fl. June. Clt. ? PL ^ foot. 3 V. LUDOVICIA'NA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 297.) calyx equal at the base, somewhat spreading ; leaves linear-spatulate, entire, hoary with stellate-tomentum ; stem at the neck somewhat shrubby ; pods globose, downy ; style slender. If. . H. Native of Loui- siana on the banks of the river Missouri. Myagrum argenteum, Pursh. Alyssum Ludovicianum, Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 63. Flowers yellow, a little larger than those of Alyssum saxdtile. Louisiana Vesicaria. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1825. PI. $ foot. 4 V. SINUA'TA (Poir. diet. 8. p. 570.) calyx equal at the base, somewhat spreading, and is velvety as well as the oblong, en- tire, or sinuately-toothed leaves ; stem herbaceous. £ . H. Native of Spain in cultivated places, and on the road-side to Castello ; also by the sea-side in Istria and Illyria, &c. Alyssum sinuatum and Creticum, Lin. spec. 910. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1816. t. 181. Petals yellow, emarginate, at length becoming white. Seeds 6 in each cell, while the rest have only 4. — Morr. oxon. 2. p. 247. sect. 3. t. 9. f. 6. Sinuated-lenved Vesicaria. Fl. Ap. Ju. Clt. 1596. PI. 1 foot. 5 V. GJLOBO'SA (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 171 and 184.) leaves lanceolate, acute, entire, smoothish ; pods spherical, somewhat villous. Tj . ? H. Native of North America in arid places. Pods small, terminated by the filiform style ; cells many-seeded. Flowers yellow. Globose -podded Vesicaria. PI. ^ foot. 6 V. FRUTICULOSA (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 171 and 184.) leaves somewhat spatulate, quite entire, white with down ; pods somewhat globose, inflated, smooth. Tj . H. Perhaps a native of some of the islands in the Archipelago. Flowers yellow. Fruticulose Vesicaria. PI. 1 foot. 7V.? PHYSO'PHORA (Andrz. cruc. ined. in D. C. syst. 2. p. 300.) leaves oblong, blunt, crowded, downy ; pods sub-globose, somewhat pubescent ; style very short. — Native of? Bladder-bearing Vesicaria. PI. ^ foot. 8 V. A'RCTICA (Richards, in Frankl. 1st journ. ed. 2. app. p. 26.) radical leaves obovately-spatulate, the rest somewhat linear, quite entire, hoary with starry tomentum ; pods orbicular, in- flated, smooth, longer than the thickish style ; calyx equal ; stem suffruticose. *J . H. Native of Amanak in Greenland ; also of North America, but mostly confined to the Arctic shores and islands eastward of the Mackenzie River. Alyssum arcticum, Horn. fl. dan. t. 1520. Flowers large, yellow. Arctic Vesicaria. Fl. April, June. PI. ^ foot. CRUCIFER^E. XXIH.VESICARIA. XXIV. SCHIWERECKIA. XXV. ADYSETON. 177 9 V. ARENOSA (Richards. 1. c.) lower leaves somewhat rhom- boidal, obsoletely sinuate-toothed, grey with stellate down ; stem round, suffruticose at the base ; pods globose, pubescent. Fj . H. Native of North America on hills and dry prairies on the Arctic shore, at Saskatchewan, and at Carlton House. V. arc- tica, Hook, in bot. mag. t. 2882. var. ft. Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 48. Flowers yellow, smaller than those of the preceding. Sterns spreading or ascendant. Sand Vesicaria. Fl. April, June. PI. ^ foot? 10 V. DIDYMOCA'RPA (Hook. fl. bor. amer. t. 16.) plant beset with forked hairs ; leaves spatulate, slightly toothed, or entire ; stems decumbent ; pods didymous, inflated about the length of the slender style, beset with forked hairs ; root fusiform. I/ . H. Native of North America in the Arctic regions. Flowers yellow, disposed in racemose corymbs. Calyx equal at the base. Twin-fruited Vesicaria. PI. \ foot. 11 V. COCHLEARIOI'DES (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 872.) herba- ceous ; leaves oblong, obtuse, sinuately-toothed, rather fleshy, smooth ; calyx permanent, inflated when in fruit. If. . H. Na- tive of the East Indies. Alyssum cochlearioides, Roth. Scurvy Grass-like Vesicaria. PI. 1 foot. SECT. II. ALYSSOI'DES (plants with the habit of Alyssum.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 298. prod. 1. p. 159. Silicles ovate, with concave stiffish valves. 12 V. CRE'TICA (Poir. diet. 8. p. 570.) calyx deciduous; leaves oblong, entire or repand, waved, covered with hoary down. Tj . or If. . H. Native of Crete. Alyssum Creticum, Lin. spec. 910 ? Willd. spec. 3. p. 460.— Alp. exot. p. 117 and 118. icon. Pods ovate-globose, hoary. Seeds girded by a membranous margin. Flowers yellow. Cretan Vesicaria. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1739. PI. £ foot. 13V. VESTI'TA (Desv. jour. bot. 3. p. 171 and 184.) calyx permanent ; leaves linear, acute, downy, entire. J? . H. Native of Persfa near Hamadan. Flowers yellow. Seeds not margin- ed. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 35. Clothed Vesicaria. PI. f foot. 14 V. PANICULA TA (Desv. jour. bot. 3. p. 171.) leaves ob- ovate, entire, smooth ; pods ovate, somgwhat inflated. fj . H. Native of Crete. Alyssum paniculatum, Desf. cor. Tourn. p. 67. t. 50. Flowers unknown. Panicled-fiowered Vesicaria. PI. ^ foot. Cult. The species of this genus are well adapted for orna- menting rock-work or the front of flower borders : young cut- tings planted under a hand-glass will soon strike root ; but the best and most general method of increasing them is by seed, which ripen in abundance. They thrive best in a dry situation, in any kind of soil. Some of the rarer kinds should be planted in pots, so that they may be protected by a frame during severe weather. XXIV. SCHIWERE'CKIA (in honour of Andr. Schivereck, a famous Polish botanist, formerly a friend of Marschall Bieber- stein's.) Andrz. Cruc. ined. in D. C. syst. 2. p. 300. prod. 1. p. 160. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia Siliculosa. Silicle ovate, with con- vex valves, which are somewhat depressed lengthways in the middle. Seeds numerous, without margins. Calyx equal at the base. Petals entire. Larger stamens toothed. A little evergreen perennial herb, white from stellate down. Radi- cal leaves rosulate, oval-oblong, toothed, cauline ones few, stem-clasping. Racemes terminal ; pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers white. Ovaries and siliques grey from short soft down. 1 S. PODO'LICA (Andrz. et Bess, in litt. D. C. syst. 1. c.) 7/ . H. Native of Podolia, Volhynia, and the Ural mountains in VOL. i — PART ii. Siberia. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 36. Sweet, brit. fl. gard. t. 77. Alyssum Podolicum, Bess. cat. hort. crim. 1816. p. 8. Podolian Schiwereckia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1817. PI. | foot. Cult. This pretty little plant thrives well in rock-work, or to be grown in small pots in light sandy soil, and placed among other alpines. It may be either increased by seed or dividing the plant at the root. XXV. ADYSETON (meaning unknown.) Scop. earn. 2. p. 13. Alyssum, sect. 1. Adyseton, D. C. syst. 2. p. 301. prod. 1. p. 160. Alyssum, spec. Lin. LIN. SYST. Tett adynamia, Siliculosa. Silicles obovate or ellipti- cal, with flat valves. Seeds 1 -2-4 in each cell, compressed, usually girded by a membranous wing. Calyx equal at the base. Petals entire. Stamens all or some of them toothed. Small ever- green herbs or sub-shrubs, grey from soft starry-hairs or down. Leaves oblong, linear, or obovate, entire. Racemes opposite the leaves or terminal, elongating as they grow old ; pedicels fili- form, bractless. Flowers yellow. — The authorities given for the •species are under Alyssum. SECT. I. DISODONTEA (from cic, dis, double ; oSovf oS odous odontos, a tooth ; stamens furnished with a tooth on each side.) Flowers yellow. Stamens all or the larger ones furnished with a tooth on each side. Seeds 1-2 in each cell. 1 A. SAXA'TILE '(Lin. spec. 908.) stems suffruticose at the base, somewhat corymbose ; leaves lanceolate, entire, clothed with hoary tomentum ; pods obovate, orbicular, 2-seeded.; seeds margined. J; . H. Native of Russia at the falls of Bori- sthen, and in Podolia. Curt. bot. mag. t. 159. Aurinia saxatilis, Desv. jour. bot. 3. p. 162. A very common plant in gardens. Called in France Corbeille d'or. Rock Adyseton. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1710. PI. 1 foot. 2 A. GEMONE'NSE (Lin. mant. 92.) stems suffruticose at the base, panicled ; leaves lanceolate, entire, greyish-velvety from stellate down ; pods nearly orbicular, 2-4-seeded ; seeds mar- gined. >j . H. Native on walls about the town of Gemona in Italy, and in Austria, Carinthia, and Transylvania, on rocky mountains. Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 503. Alyssum saxatile, Crantz. austr. p. 16. Vesicaria Gemonensis, Poir. diet. 8. p. 571. Gemona Adyseton. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1710. PI. 1 foot. 3 A. ORIENTA'LE (Ard. specim. 2. p. 32. t. 15. f. 1.) stems suffruticose at the base, panicled ; leaves lanceolate, repandly- toothed, waved, downy ; pods almost orbicular, transversely- oval, 4-seeded; seeds margined. Tj . H. Native of Crete on the mountains ; at the Euxine sea on the sandy shore near Fanar. On rocks in the island of Cois, and also in the south of Italy. Smith fl. graec. t. 625. Clypeola tomentosa, Lin. mant. 92. Oriental Adyseton. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot. 4 A. SPATHULA'TUM (Steph. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 465.) stems suffruticose at the base ; leaves spatulately -obovate, stalked, grey- ish-velvety ; pods orbicular, a little longer than the style ; seeds margined, fj . H. Native of Siberia on mountains ; also in cretaceous ground at the river Lena. Alyssum cretaceum, Adams, soc. nat. mosc. 5. p. 109. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 37. Petals emarginate, double the length of calyx. ^palate-leaved Adyseton. Fl. Ap. May. Clt. 1821. PI. 4 ft. 5 A. ARGE'NTEUM (Vitm. summ. 4. p. 30.) stems suffruticose at the base, hoary with stellate down ; leaves oblong-spatulate, silvery on the under surface ; pods ovate-orbiculate, compressed, velvety ; seeds slightly margined. Tj . H. Native of the lower Alps of Piedmont, on rocks exposed to the sun. Lunaria argen- tea, All. ped. no. 901. t. 54. f. 3. Silvery-leaved Adyseton. Fl. May, June. Clt, 181 9. PI. 1 ft. 6 A. BEHTOLONII (Desv. jour. bot. 3. p. 172 and 185.) stems A a 178 CRUCIFERvE. XXV. ADYSETON. suffruticose at the base, grey with stellate down ; leaves oblong- obovate, silvery on the under surface ; pods elliptical, com- pressed, greyish ; seeds not margined. Tj . H. Native of Italy on hills and rocks exposed to the sun, about Sarzena and else- where. A. argenteum, Bertol. amoen. ital. p. 34. exclusive of the synonyms. Savi. bot. etr. p. 185. no. 569. Very like A. argen- teum. Berloloni's Adyseton. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1825. PI. 1 foot. 7 A. MURA'LE (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 5. t. 6.) stems suffruticose at the base, grey from stellate down ; leaves oblong, acutish, under surface white ; pods ovate, rather velvety ; seeds not margined. Tj . H. Native of Transylvania on the old walls about Deva, and on mount Vulkany towards Abrudhanya. Very like the two preceding plants. Wall Adyseton. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1801. PI. 1 foot. 8 A. SAVRA'NICUM (Andrz. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 858.) stems diffuse, ascending ; leaves spatulately-linear, clothed with starry pubescence, densely tomentose beneath ; flowers minute ; silicles hoary, with pubescence. Jj . H. Native of Podolia. Savranic Adyseton. Fl. May, June. Shrub i foot. 9 A. OBTUSIFOLIUM (Steven, in litt. D. C. syst. 2. p. 305.) stems suffruticose at the base, pubescent with stellate down ; leaves obovate-spatulate, blunt, silvery on the under surface ; pods ovate-orbicular, rather velvety ; seeds not margined. Jj . H. Native of southern Tauria, and in Siberia. Deless. icon, sel. 2. t. 38. A. murale, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 103. but not of Kit. Blunt-leaved Adyseton. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1812. PI. £ foot. 10 A. ATLA'NTICUM (Desf. atl. 2. p. 71. t. 149.) stems suffru- ticose at the base, hoary, erect ; leaves lanceolate, hoary and pilose ; racemes simple ; pods orbicular, hoary ; valves rather convex in the middle. Ij . H. Native of Crete on rocks, and on the top of Mount Atlas, near Tlemsen. Atlantic Adyseton. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. | to 1 foot. 11 A. SERPYLLIFOLIUM (Desf. atl. 2. p. 70.) stems suffruti- cose, erect, hoary ; leaves hoary, lower ones obovate, upper ones lanceolate ; racemes corymbose ; pods obovately-cuneated, hoary, with flat valves. Tj . H. Native of Algiers, near Tlemsen ; also in Spain about Aranjuez. Wild-thyme-leaved Adyseton. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 7 to 1 foot. 12 A. RE' PENS (Baumg. fl. trans. 2. p. 237.) stems suffruti- cose at the base, younger ones decumbent, adult ones erect ; leaves rather pilose, lower ones oblong-obovate, narrowed into the petiole ; upper ones oblong ; pedicels hispid ; style rather hairy, longer than the 2-ovulate ovary. Tj . H. Native of Transylvania on calcareous rocks. Root creeping. Pods orbi- cular, 1 -seeded. Creeping-rooted Adyseton. Fl. April, June. PI. -y foot. 13 A. VERNA'LE (Horn, ex Schrank, hort. mon. t. 96.) stems ascendant ; leaves lanceolate, narrowed downwards, almost en- tire, greyish from stellate down ; petals emarginate ; pods in- flated, covered with stellate hairs. T(.. H. Very near to A. repcns, but the pods are said to be inflated. Vernal Adyseton. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. PL | toi ft. 14 A. TORTUOSUM (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 94. t. 91.) stem suffruticulose at the base, twisted, diffuse, hoary ; leaves hoary, somewhat lanceolate ; racemes corymbose ; pods ellip- tical, greyish-Velvety, with flat valves. Tj . H. Native of Hun- gary on very dry sandy declivities of hills, also in Transylvania and southern Podolia. Var. fl, orientale (D. C. syst. 2. p. 306.) stems more shrubby at the base, and the leaves more hoary. Native of Armenia and on calcareous hills in Tauria and Iberia about Tanaim. A. subalpinum, Pall. ined. A. serpyllifolium, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 103. suppl. 432. Twisted-stemmed Adyseton. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1804. PI. $ ft. 15 A. ALPE'STRE (Lin. mant. 92.) stems suffruticose at the base, diffuse, greyish ; leaves obovate, hoary ; racemes simple ; pods obovate-oblong, greyish, with flat valves. fj . H. Native of the Alps of Provence, Piedmont, Vallais, Portugal, France, Transylvania, Greece, &c. on rocks exposed to the sun. All. ped. no. 888. t. 18. f. 2. Smith, fl. graec. t. 624. A. minutulum, Schleich. pi. helv. A tufted plant. Alp Adyseton. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1777. PI. i foot. 16 A. NEBRODE'NSE (Tineo, pug. pi. sicul. p. 12. no. 10.) stems suffruticulose, ascendant, canescent ; leaves obovate, hoary ; racemes corymbose ; pods elliptical-obovate, hoary, with flat valves. fy . H. Native of Sicily on the Nebrodes. Nebrode Adyseton. Fl. June, July. PI. £ to 1 foot. 17 A. MARSCHALLIA'NUM (Andrz. cruc. in D. C. syst. 2. p. 308.) stems suffruticose, erect, and are as well leaves hoary ; lower leaves obovate, upper ones oblong-linear ; racemes simple ; pods elliptical, grey, with somewhat convex valves, tj . H. Native of Eastern Caucasus and Tauria among broken stones. A. alpestre, Bieb. An intermediate plant betwen A. Atlanticum and A. alpestre. Marschall-Eiebeistem's Adyseton. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1817. PL 4 foot. 18 A. LENE'NSE (Adams, mem. soc. nat. mosc. 5. p. 110.) stems somewhat herbaceous, diffuse, and are as well as the im- bricated lanceolate leaves grey or hoary ; racemes simple, short ; pods ovate, emarginate, pubescent. "%.. H. Native of Siberia on the banks of the river Lena, about Yachutzk. A. imbrica- tum, Schlecht. in herb. Willd. Petals obovate, emarginate. Lena Adyseton. PI. & foot. 19 A. LANI'GERUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 308.) sterns suffruticose at the base, tufted, and are as well as obovate leaves woolly ; racemes corymbose ; pods elliptical, velvety, nearly equal in length with the style. Tj . H. Native of Persia between Ker- mancha and Amadan. Flowers small ; petals obovate. Wool-bearing Adyseton. PI. ^ foot. 20 A. MONTA'NUM (Lin. spec. 907.) stems rather herbaceous, diffuse, pubescent ; leaves somewhat hoary, lower ones obovate, upper ones oblong ; racemes simple ; pods orbicular and some- what emarginate, grey. If. . H. Native nearly throughout all Europe on hills and low mountains in calcareous situations exposed to the sun. Jacq. vind. 358. Curt. bot. mag. t. 419. Jacq. fl. aust. t. 37. Clypeola montana, Crantz. austr. 19. Petals twice the length of the calyx. Var. j3, albescens (Schlecht. in herb. Willd.) A. montanum, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 104. Plant larger and flowers smaller. Var. y, arenarium (Lois. fl. gall. p. 401.) leaves rounder. Mountain Adyseton. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1713. PI. ^ ft. 21 A. CUNEIFO'LIUM (Ten. fl. nap. prod. p. 37. app. cat. neap. 1815. p. 58.) stems somewhat herbaceous, diffuse; pubescent ; leaves rather hoary, obovately-cuneated ; corymbs simple ; pods ovate, somewhat emarginate, nearly equal in length with the style. If. . H. Native of Abruzzo in Naples, on the tops of the mountains. Easily confounded with A. montanum. Wedge-leaved Adyseton. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl.^ft. 22 A. DIFFU'SUM (Ten. app. hort. neap. 1815. p. 58.) stems somewhat herbaceous, diffuse, grey ; leaves hoary, lower ones somewhat obovate, the rest linear-lanceolate, narrowed at both ends ; racemes simple ; pods ovate, somewhat emarginate, nearly equal in length with the style. If. . H. Native of Naples with the preceding. Very like the preceding. Diffuse Adyseton. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1825. PL | foot. 23 A. WULFENIA'NUM (Willd. enum. suppl. 44.) stems some- what herbaceous, diffuse, grey ; leaves dotted, grey, narrowed at the base, lower ones obovate, upper ones lanceolate ; racemes simple ; pods elliptical, somewhat emarginate, twice the length of the style, i; . H. Native of Carinthia on mountains. Differ* 1 CRUCIFER^E. XXV. ADYSETON. XXVI. ALYSSUM. 179 from A. montanum, to which species it is nearly allied in the pods being elliptical, not orbicular. Wulfen's Adyseton. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1821. PI. $ foot. 24 A. SIBI'RICUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 465.) stems herbaceous, ascendant, branched at the top, corymbose ; leaves and pods obovate, blunt, dotted with stellate hairs ; style 3-times shorter than the pod. Tf. . H. Native of Siberia. Flowers small. Siberian Adyseton. PI. 1 foot. 25 A. FISCHERIANUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 311.) stems herba- ceous, ascendant, and are as well as the leaves grey, lower leaves obovate, upper ones oblong ; racemes simple ; pods orbicular, hoary, twice the length of the style. l/.H. Native of Siberia about Nerschtinsky-savod. Petals double the length of the calyx. Fischer's Adyseton. PI. -j foot. 26 A. GNAPHALODES (D. C. syst. 2. p. 311.) stems sufFruti- cose, dwarf ; leaves elliptical, covered with velvety down, those of the branches linear ; racemes simple ; calyx closed, longer than the pedicel ; pods elliptical, velvety, twice the length of the style. fy . H. Native of Persia on Mount Elwend. Petals obovate, with filiform claws. Woolly Adyseton. Fl. May, Oct. PI. J foot. 27 A. PETALO'DES (D. C. syst. 2. p. 312.) steins suffruticose, erectish, hairy ; leaves oblong, narrowed at the base, hairy, lower . ones toothed ; racemes simple ; calyx closed, longer than the pedicel ; pods ovate, with a velvety margin. Jj . H . Native of Syria. Claws of petals longer than the calyx. Long-c\nv/ed-petalled Adyseton. Fl. May, Aug. PI. ^ foot. SECT. II. ODONTOSTE' MON (from odouc oSovros, odous odontos, a tooth ; ctrrifiiav, stemon, a stamen ; each large stamen furnished with one tooth). Flowers white. Larger stamens furnished with a tooth. Stems herbaceous. This section may probably form a distinct genus. 28 A. HYPEUBO'REUM (Lin. spec. 910.) stems herbaceous, tufted ; leaves elliptical, grossly and acutely toothed, rather hairy ; pods elliptical. 1£. H. Native of the western coast of North America among rocks. Draba hyperborea, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 172. Krasch. nov. comm. acad. Petrop. 1. ann. 1750. p. 388. t. 15. f. 1. A tufted, somewhat glaucous plant witli the habit of Neuroloma arabiflorum. Petals white, with yellow claws. Seed kidney-shaped, margined, 3 in each cell. Northern Adyseton. Fl. April, May. PI. 2 inches. •f- Species not sufficiently known. 29 A. OBCORDA'TUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 324.) leaves linear- lanceolate, toothed, woolly -pubescent ; pods smooth, roundish- obcordate. Native? Aurinia obcordata, Desv. journ. 3. p. 162. & 174. Seeds girded with a broad membrane, only one in each cell. Obcordate-podded Adyseton. PI. £ foot. SO A. DENTA'TUM (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. t. 63.) radical leaves somewhat runcinately-toothed ; cauline ones linear-lanceolate ; pods elliptical, pubescent. It. H. Native of Virginia near Harper's Ferry, on declivities of slate rocks. Draba arabisans, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 434. but not of Mich. Flowers unknown. Toothed-leaved Adyseton. PI. ? 31 A.? DU'BIUM (Bory. ann. sc. phys. 3. p. 4.) stem shrubby, branched ; leaves obovate-lanceolate, downy ; pods ovate, acute, 1 -seeded. (7 . H. Native of Spain among the rocks of Sierra Nevada. A. purpureum, Lag. ann. 5. p. 275. Doubtful Adyseton. PI. 2 or 4 inches. Cult. The whole of the species of Adyseton are very proper for ornamenting rock-work, or the front of flower-borders. Some of the rarer species may be kept in pots, and placed among other alpine plants. They may be increased by cuttings, planted under a hand-glass, or by dividing the plants at the roots as well as by seed. A dry light soil suits them best. XXVI. ALY'SSUM (from a, priv. and \vj . H. Native of Sicily. Sand Anodontea. Fl. June, July. PI. procumbent. 5 A. HALIMIFO'LIA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 460.) stems suffruti- cose, ascendant ; leaves oblong, blunt, narrowed at the base, covered with scaly hairs ; pods orbicular, smooth, twice as long as the style. Jj . H. Native of Italy, Piedmont, about Nice, &c. on rocky mountains exposed to the snn. Lunaria halimifblia. All. • peel. no. 900. t. 54. f. 1. — Bocc. mus. 45. t. 39. Flowers like those of A ' . spinosum. Halimus-leaved Anodontea. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1820. PL i ft. 6 A. SPINO'SA (Lin. spec. 907.) stem shrubby, old branches and peduncles spiny ; leaves oblong-linear, silvery ; pods orbi- cular, smooth, terminated by the short style. ^7 . F. Native of Arragon and south of France on calcareous rocks exposed to the sun. — Barrel, icon. t. 808. Draba spinosa, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 461. Flowers a little larger than those of Koniga maritima. Seeds 2 in each cell. A little tufted shrub. Spiny Anodontea. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1683. PL J foot. 7 A. MACROCA'RFA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 321.) stem shrubby; branched, somewhat spiny ; leaves oblong, blunt, silvery ; pods obovate-orbicular, somewhat emarginate, smooth, pointed with the style, containing 8 ovula(f. 46. /(.). ^ . H. Native of the south of France, especially in the Cevennes, on calcareous rocks. Very like A. spinosa halimifblm and A. Pyrenalca, but different. _ Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 41. Seeds 2 in each cell. Large-podded Anodontea. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1828. PL | ft. 8 A. PYRENA'ICA (Lapeyr. abr. pyr. 371. suppl. 91.) stem shrubby, branched, not spiny ; leaves obovate, narrowed at the base, hoary ; pods elliptical, rather villous, pointed with the style. J? . F. Native of the Eastern Pyrenees on rocks, parti- cularly on Mount Conat, about Font de Combs. A. halimifo- lium ft, D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 594. Pyrenean Anodontea. Fl. June, Aug. PI. ^ foot. 9 A. CANE'SCENS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 322.) stem shrubby, as- cendant ; leaves oblong-linear, hoary ; pods elliptical, velvety, crowned with the long style. T? . F. Native of Siberia, Tauria, Kamtschatka, on rocky mountains. Var. a, albreviata (B.C. syst. 1. c.) racemes short, corym- bose. A. montanum and A. minutum, Patrin. herb. Var. ft, elongata (D. C. syst. 1. c.) racemes more elongated. Leaves more hairy. A. Dauricum. Schlecht. in herb. Willd. Canescent Anodontea. Fl. April, Sept. PL \ to \ foot. 10 A. TENUIFO'LIA (Steph in Willd. spec. 3. p. 460.) stem fruticulose, erect ; leaves linear, acute, clothed with starry villi ; pods oval, hairy, crowned by the style. \ . F. Native of Siberia about Doroninsk. Petals obovate, blunt, spreading, with filiform claws. Slender-leaved Anodontea. PL \ to •£ foot. Cult. The whole of the species of this genus are very proper CRUCIFER^E. XXVIII. DISCOVIUM. XXIX. MENIOCUS. XXX. CLYPEOLA. XXXI. PELTARIA. 181 for ornamenting rock-work or the front of flower-borders ; they are all very easily increased by seeds, which ripen in abundance. The shrubby kinds are also easily increased by dividing the plants at the root or by cuttings planted under a hand-glass, which root readily. The annual sorts should be sown in the open border or on rock-work. XXVIII. DISCOV VIUM (from Swos, discos, a disk ; valves of pods keeled, in the disk ?) Rafin. in journ. phyt. vol. 89. anno. 1819. p. 96. D. C.prod. 1. p. 236. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, S'diculbsa. Silicle lenticular with an entire dissepiment and keeled valves ; cells many-seeded. Style permanent, crowned by a blunt stigma. Calyx closed. An annual, erect, simple slender herb, with distant sessile, ob- long, obtuse, entire leaves. Petals yellow, entire, wedge-shaped, about equal in length with the calyx. An intermediate genus between Alyssum and Thlaspi. 1 D. OHIOTE'NSE (Rafin. 1. c.) O- H. Native of North America, on the banks of the Ohio. Ohio Discovium. PI. -j foot. Cult. An inconspicuous annual plant, the seed of which only require to be sown in the open border. XXIX. . MENIOVCUS (from p.i]vr), mene, the moon, and OKKOS, okkos, an eye ; shape of seeds ?) Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 173. D. C. syst. 2. p. 325. prod. 1. p. 165. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculosa. Silicle sessile, ellip- tical, with flat valves. Seeds not margined, 6 or 8 in each cell. Calyx at the base equal. Petals entire. Larger stamens toothed. An annual herb, but nevertheless it is frutescent at the base ; much branched, erect, greyish-velvety from stellate short hairs. Leaves linear, entire. Racemes terminal ; pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers small, white. This genus is hardly distinct from Adyseton, unless that there are never fewer than 6 seeds in each cell, not 2 or 4 as in that genus, and with smooth silicles. 1 M. LINIFOLIUS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 325.) leaves linear, blunt- ish, quite entire. O- H. Native about Astracan among rub- bish, and in cultivated land ; in Tauria and Caucasus, near Ta- naim ; in Syria, between Aleppo and Mossul ; in Podolia and Illyria ; in Spain, in the province of Valentia, in several places, &c. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 42. Aly'ssum linifblium, Steph. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 467. A. minimum, Pall. itin. 3. p. 741. Meniocus serpyllifolius, Desv. 1. c. A. Draba, Bieb. from Desv. journ. 1. c. A. Illyricum, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 44. A. lineari- folium, Lag. clench, hort. madr. 1815. p. 9. Farsetia linifolia, Andrz. cruc. ined. Petals white, a little longer than the calyx. Flax-leaved Meniocus. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1819. PI. i to \ ft. Cult. This little annual will answer well for rock-work, where the seeds should be sown. XXX. CLYPE'OLA (from clypeus, a buckler; in allusion to the form of the silicles.) Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 283. t. 141. f. 6. D. C. syst. 2. p. 326. prod. 1. p. 165. Clypeola spec. Lin. and Juss. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculosa. Silicle orbicular, 1- celled, 1 -seeded, with flat valves. Calyx equal at the base. Petals entire. Stamens toothed. Seeds compressed. Small annual herbs with the habit of Alyssum and Biscutella, erect or diffuse1, greyish from short stellate hairs. Leaves oblong- linear, entire. Racemes terminal, erect ; pedicels filiform, short, bractless. Flowers small, yellow, or when old, whitish. SECT. I. IONTHLA'SPI (from tor, ion, a violet, and OXaui, thlao, to compress ; that is to say, flat-seeded violet.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 326. prod. 1. p. 165. Silicles with ciliated margins, and smooth or pubescent disks. 1 C. IONTHLA'SPI (Lin. spec. 910.) stems diffuse, or ascend- ant. 0. H. Native of Spain; south of France; Avergne; Lower Vallais ; Italy ; Sicily ; Arcadia ; Iberia, near Tiflis ; and in Persia, near Lenckeran, &c. &c. : growing on walls and in sandy places ; also on gypsaceous and calcareous sterile hills. Cav. icon. 1. p. 22. t. 32. f. 2. Boiss. fl. europ. t. 455. Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 161. t. 25. f. 7. Lam. ill. t. 560. f. 1. Fos- selinia ionthlaspi, All. ped. no. 901. Clypeola monosperma, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 462 and 484. Alyssum ionthlaspi, Clairv. herb, val. 216. Flowers small, yellow. Ovary 1 -seeded. Flat-seeded Violet, or Common Treacle-Mustard. Fl. Mav, Jul. Clt. 1710. PL 2 or 3 inches. SEC.T. II. O'RIUM (from ora, a brim or margin; silicles toothed on the margins.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 327. prod. 1. p. 165. Silicles with toothed margins, and clothed with long, soft hairs. 2 C. ERIOPHORA (Cav. from Lag. in litt. D. C. syst. 2. p. 327.) stem erect, almost simple ; calyx permanent. ©• H. Na- tive of Spain, on hills, at Aranjuez. O'riumlanuginosum, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 162. t. 25. f. 10. Alyssum eri6phorum, Pourr. in Willd. enum. 2. p. 671. Vesicaria Ianugin6sa, Poir. diet. 8. p. 572. Flowers small, when dry, whitish. Petals spreading, permanent, hardly longer than the calyx. JFoo/-6eanng-TreacIe-Mustard. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1 820. PI. | foot. SECT. III. BERGERE'TIA (John Pyramus Bergeret, who wrote a Flora of the Pyrenees.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 328. prod. 1. p. 165. Silicles with toothed margins, and echinated disks. 3 C. ECHINA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 328.) stem erect; calyx deciduous. 0. H. Native of the Levant. Clypeola lasio- carpa, Pers. ench. 2. p. 193. Bergeretia echinata, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 161. t. 25. f. 9. Flowers small, yellow. Pods 1- seeded. Var. /3, ramosissima (D. C. 1. c.) stem much branched ; leaves oblong, covered with short stellate hairs. Echinated-podded Treacle- Mustard. Fl. May, Jul. PI. -j foot. Cult. These are pretty little curious annual plants ; well adapted for rock-work, or the front of flower borders. They only require to be sown where they are intended to remain. XXXI. PELTARIA (from TrcXrri, pelte, a small buckler ; in allusion to the form of the silicles.) Lin. gen. no. 1083. Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 383. t. 141. Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 161. t. 24. D. C. syst. 2. p. 328. prod. 1. p. 166. Bohatschia, Crantz, aust. p. 5. t. 1. f. 1. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculosa. Silicle orbicular, 1- celled, l-(f 46. i.) 4-seeded, with flat valves. Calyx equal at the base. Petals entire. Stamens toothless. Seeds pendulous, and often solitary from abortion. Smooth, erect, perennial herbs, with stalked, ovate, entire, radical leaves, and sessile sagittate stem- clasping, cauline ones. Racemes many, almost disposed in co- rymbs ; pedicels bractless, filiform, erect, at the time of flower- ing, and when in fruit spreading or somewhat recurved. Flowers small, white. 1 P. ALLIA'CEA (Lin. spec. 910.) stem-leaves sagittate, stem- clasping ; pods flat, smooth. "%.. H. Native of Austria, Croa- tia, Transylvania, and Piedmont about Fenestrelles, &c. in shady places. Jacq. fl. aust. t. 123. Boiss. fl. eur. t. 446. Clypeola alliacea, Lam. diet. 2. p. 55. Clypfiola perennis, Ard. spec. 26. t. 6. The whole plant when bruised smells strongly of garlic. Garlic-scented Peltaria. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1601. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 2 P. ANGUSTIFOLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 329.) lower stem-leaves 182 CRUCIFER.E. XXXII. PETROCALLIS. XXXIII. DKABA. stalked, upper ones linear ; pods flat, short, y. . H. Native about Damascus, on a mountain called Dgebel-cher. Pods ovate-orbicular, compressed, 2-ovulate, 1 -seeded from abortion. Narrow-leaved Peltaria. FL May, July. PL 1 foot. 3 P. GLASTiF6nA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 330.) cauline leaves sa- gittate, stem-clasping ; pods flattish, rather rough, leathery. 1- seeded (f. 46. t.). (•)• ? H. Native of Syria, between Aleppo and Mossul. Woad-leaved Peltaria. Fl. Jun. Jul. Clt. 1823. PL 1 foot. Cult. The species of this genus will thrive well in any com- mon garden soil ; they are readily increased by seeds. XXXII. PETROCA'LLIS (from vtrpov, petron, a rock, and KaXot, kalos, beautiful ; in allusion to the plant growing on the rocks, which it enlivens with the beautiful tufts of rose-coloured blossoms.) R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 93. D. C. syst. 2. p. 330. prod. 1. p. 166. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculosa. Silicle sessile, oval, with flattish valves. Seeds not margined, 2 in each cell. Funi- cles adhering to the dissepiment. Cotyledons oval, obliquely accumbent. A small ever-green, branched, tufted herb. Leaves cuneated at the base, but cleft at the apex into 3-5 divisions. Racemes short, somewhat corymbose, few-flowered, bractless. Flowers rose-coloured. Plant having the appearance of a spe- cies ofSaxifraga when not in flower. 1 P. PYRENA'ICA (R. Br. 1. c.) If.. H. Native of the Pyre- nees, Provence, Piedmont, Switzerland, Austria, Transylvania, Carniola, and many other parts of the south of Europe, on rocks, between stones, in places exposed to the sun at the height of 2100 and 4100 feet. Lod. bot. cat. t. 635. Sweet, brit. fl. gard. icon. Draba Pyrenaica, Lin. spec. 896. Jacq. fl. aust. t. 228. Curt. bot. mag. t. 713. Flowers elegant rose-coloured. Leaves cuneate, 3 or 5, cleft at top. Pyrenean Petrocallis. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1759. PL i foot. Cult. This pretty little plant is well adapted for ornamenting rock-work, or it may be grown in little pots, in a mixture of peat, loam, and sand, and placed among other alpine plants. It is easily increased by seeds, or dividing the plant at the root. XXXIII. DRA'BA (from Bpafiri, drabe, acrid, biting, ac- cording to Linnaeus ; taste of leaves. It is to be suspected that the name Draba was not originally given to this genus.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 331. prod. 1. p. 166. Draba, spec. Lin. Juss. R. Br. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculosa. Silicle sessile, oval or oblong (f. 46. j.\ with flat or convex valves (f. 46. j.). Seeds many, not margined (f. 46. j.). Calyx equal at the base. Petals entire. Stamens all toothless. Perennial or annual branched herbs, which are sometimes tvifted, sometimes elongated, smooth or pilose, or usually velvety from soft branched hairs. The leaves are either linear, oblong or ovate, entire or toothed. Racemes terminal ; pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers yellow or white. SECT. I. AIZOPSIS (from att, aei, always, £woc, zoos, alive, and o-J/if, opsis, resemblance ; plants always green, like D. Aizoon.} D. C. syst. 2. p. 332. prod. 1. p. 166. Little evergreen, tufted, perennial plants with naked scapes, and ciliated stiff leaves. Flowers yellow, with filiform styles, which vary in length. (A proper genus, according to Andrz. in litt.) 1 D. AIZOIDES (Lin. mant. 91.) scapes naked, smooth ; leaves lanceolate-linear, keeled, ciliated ; stamens about the length of the petals ; style almost as broad as the pod. i;. H. Native on walls, rocks, and gravelly places of mountains, in France, Germany, Switzerland, North of Italy, Carpathian Mountains, Transylvania, and Britain in South Wales ; near Whormshead, 1 6 miles west of Swansea ; about Pennard Castle, near Swansea, abundantly, in inaccessible spots. Jacq. fl. aust. t. 132. Smith, eng. bot. t. 1271. Draba alpina, Crantz, aust. 1. p. 13. Aly's- sum" ciliatum, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 479. Draba montana, Berg, phyt. univ. icon. Mce'nchia aizoides, Roth. germ. I. p. 273. Var. ft, minor (D. C. syst. 2. p. 333.) distinguished by its smaller stature, very short leaves, and smooth pods. Draba ciliaris, D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 697. Var. y, diffusa (D. C. 1. c.) stems elongated, diffuse. Draba ciliaris, Lin. mant. 91. — Ger. gallopr. p. 344. t. 13. f, 1. Aizoon-like or Sea-Green Whitlow-Grass. FL March, April. Wales. PL 2 or 3 inches. 2 D. BRACIIYSTE'MON (D. C. syst. 2. p. 334.) scapes naked, smooth ; leaves elongated, linear, keeled, ciliated ; stamens hardly equal in length with the calyx. 1£. H. Native of •••••• ? Draba aizoides, Curt. bot. mag. t. 170. — Mill. icon. 1 p. 14. t. 20. f. 2. Draba ciliaris, Lin. mant. p. 91 ? Short- stamened Whitlow-Grass. Fl. March, April. Clt. ? PL 2 or 3 inches. 3 D. AIZOON (Wahlenb. fl. carp. p. 193. in a note.) scapes naked, smooth ; leaves linear, acutish, keeled, stiff", ciliated ; style as broad as the hairy pod, but one half shorter. Tf. . H. Native of Bavaria, Austria, Hungary, Transylvania, and Carpathian mountains, particularly on Mount Chocsz ; on rocks on the lower mountains. Draba ciliaris, Schrank. bav. 2. p. 177. Pods the length of pedicels, always hispid with short hairs. Aizoon or Evergreen Whitlow-Grass. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1819. PL ^ foot. 4 D. CUSPIDA'TA (Bieb. suppl. 424.) scapes naked, villous ; leaves linear, acutish, keeled, ciliated ; pods lanceolate, hispid, a little longer than the style. I/ . H. Native of Tauria, Apen- nines, Spain, &c. on mountains, on rocks in places exposed to the sun. Draba aizoides, Pall, ined taur. Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 92. but not of Lin. Draba aspera, Bertol. amcen. ital. p. 92. but not of Adams. D. alpina, Cav. Pointed-leaved Whitlow-Grass. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1821. PL i foot. 5 D. RI'OIDA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 423.) scape naked, smooth, leaves oblong, stiff, blunt, keeled, sparingly ciliated, older ones reflexed ; petals length of calyx ; style not equalling the breadth of the smooth pod. 7/!.H. Native of Iberia, on rocks. Petals roundish, nearly the length of the calyx. Rigid-leaved Whitlow-Grass. FL April, May. PL -j foot. 6 D. BRYOIDES (D. C. syst. 2. p. 335.) scapes naked, smooth ; leaves oblong, small, keeled, sparingly ciliated, much crowded ; petals and stamens twice the length of the calyx ; style hardly equalling the breadth of the smooth pod. If. . H. Native of Caucasus and Iberia, in alpine, rocky situations. Draba rigida, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 93. suppl. 426. Draba csespitosa, Hoffm. hort. mosc. 1808. no. 1225. not of Willd. Petals oblong, twice the length of the calyx. Plant emulating Saxifraga bryoldes. Green-Moss-like Whitlow-Grass. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1821. PL 2 inches. 7 D. OLY'MPICA (Sibth. in herb. Banks. D. C. syst. 2. p. 336.) scapes naked, velvety ; leaves linear, keeled, much crowd- ed, ciliated ; pods ovate, hoary-villous ; style very short. I/ . H. Native on Mount Olympus. Draba Aizoides, Smith, prod. fl. grsec. 2. p. 4. but not of Lin. Pods ovate, scarcely compressed. Olympus Whitlow-Grass. Fl. April, May. PL 2 or 3 inches. 8 D. BRUNLEFOLIA (Stev. in mem. sc. nat. mosc. 3. p. 268.) scapes naked, pubescent ; leaves linear, somewhat keeled, cili- ated, acute, loosely rosulate ; petals twice the length of the calyx and stamens ; pods oval, pubescent ; style very short. I/ . H. Native of Eastern Caucasus, on Mount Schahdagh. Petals twice the length of the calyx. Plant loosely tufted. Brunia-leaved Whitlow-Grass. Fl. Jun. Clt. 1825. PL i ft. 9 D. ERIC.SFOI.IA (Stev. mem. sc. nat. mosc. 3. p. 208.) scapes CRUGTFEILE. XXXIII. DRABA. 183 naked, smooth ; leaves linear, somewhat keeled, ciliated ? acute, loosely rosulate ; petals twice the length of the calyx and sta- mens ; pods oblong-elliptical, smooth ; style very short. If. . H. Native of Caucasus, on Mount Schadagh, among stones near the limits of snow. Very like D. bruniatfolia. Heath-leaved Whitlow-Grass. Fl. June. Clt. 1823. PI. \ foot. 10 D. PILOSA (Adams, from Fisch. in litt. D. C. syst. 2. p. 337.) scape naked, smooth, 2 or 3-flowered ; leaves linear, keeled, loosely rosulate, ciliated ; calyx pilose ; petals twice the length of the calyx and stamens ; pods roundish-ovate, smooth. "H . H. Native of the north of Siberia, at the river Lena. /Wose-calyxed Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1825. PI. i foot. 11 D. A'SPERA (Adams, from Fisch. in litt. D. C. syst. 2. p. 337.) scapes naked, smooth ; leaves linear, keeled, stiff, cili- ated ; calyx smooth ; stamens hardly the length of the calyx ; pods oblong ; style very short. If. . H. Native of the most northern part of Siberia, at the mouth of the river Lena. Habit of D. aizoidcs. Rough-leaved Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. PI. 2 inches. 12 D. SAUTE'RI (Hopp. ex. Spreng. syst. app. 240.) leaves spatulate, stiff, ciliated ; scape smooth ; stamens shorter than the corolla ; silicle ovate, smooth, crowned by the short style. I/ .H. Native of Switzerland on the Alps. Sauter's Whitlow-Grass. PI. J foot. SECT. II. CHRYSODRA'BA (from xpixroe, chrysos, gold, and Drdba ; that is to say golden Drabas ; flowers yellow.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 337. prod. 1. p. 167. Small perennial tufted plants with the leaves neither stiff nor keeled. Flowers yellow, with scarcely any, or very short styles. Silicles oval-oblong. 13 D. A'LGIDA (Adams, from Fisch. in litt. D. C. syst. 2. p. 337.) scapes naked, pilose ; leaves oblong, flat, and are pilose with simple hairs, as well as calyxes ; pods oblong ; style very short; stigma 2-lobed. y.. H. Native of the north of Siberia; on the shores of the Icy-Sea towards the mouth of the river Lena, and the Bay of St. Laurence. Habit of Draba alpina, but from it, as well as all the rest of the Chrysodrabas, it differs in the hairs being simple, not branched ; it is also sometimes smooth. Var. /3, subcarinata (D. C. syst. 1. c.) middle nerve of leaves rather prominent on the under surface. Var. y, brachycarpa (D. C. 1. c.) pods ovate, shorter. Algid Whitlow-Grass. PL i foot. 14 D. ALpfNA(Lin. spec. 896. exclusive of the synonyms.) scapes naked, pubescent ; leaves lanceolate, flat, pilose with branched hairs ; pods oblong ; style very short. I/ . H. Native of Lap- land, on dry rocks in the Alps, and of Norway in the Alps about Dover; also of North-America, in the Bay of St. Laurence, and the island of St. Laurence. Wahl. fl. lapp. p. 173. no. 316. t. 11. f. 4. (Eder. fl. dan. t. 56. Flowers golden yellow, a little smaller than those of Draba aizoldes. The middle nerve of the leaf in the American plant runs even to its apex, with one tooth on each side, which is not the case in the European plant. Perhaps a distinct species. Alpine Whitlow-Grass. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1816. PI. 3 inch. 15 D. GLACIA'LIS (Adams, mem. soc. nat. mosc. 5. p. 106.) scapes naked, covered with starry pubescence ; leaves linear- lanceolate, entire, hispid with stellate hairs ; pods ovate, smooth ; stigma almost sessile. TJ. . H. Native of Siberia, at the shore of the Icy Sea, at the promontory called Bykofskoy-mys, and at the river Lena, not far from a place called Shigansk. Differing from D. a'lgida, to which it is nearly allied, by the leaves being narrower, pods ovate, and the calyx more villous. Icy Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1825. PI. 2 inches. 16 D. RE'PENS (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 93. exclusive of the synonyms ofGmelin. suppl. p. 427.) scapes naked, smoothish ; leaves lanceolate, entire, pilose with 2-parted appressed hairs ; runners creeping ; pods oblong, smooth. y. . H. Native of Iberia in meadows, between the towns Kasbeck and Koby, also on the Caucasian Alps. Petals obovate, blunt, twice the length of the smooth calyx. Creeping Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1825. PL J foot. 17 D. GMELI'NI (Adams in mem. soc. nat. mosq. 5. p. 107.) scapes naked, somewhat hispid ; leaves lanceolate, hispid, pilose with stellate hairs ; runners not creeping ; pods oblong, smooth. If. . H. Native of Siberia, from the river Yenessei to the eastern sea even to the banks of the river Lena about Shigansk ; also on the Ural mountains. — Gmel. sib. 3. p. 255. t. 56. This spe- cies is very like D. repens, and is sometimes confused with it. Var. ft, porrecta (Trin.) runners very long, but not rooting. Var. y, ceespilosa (Willd. herb.) runners shorter, but the scapes are longer. Gmelin's Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. PI. ^ foot. 18 D. TRIDENTA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 339.) scapes naked, smooth ; leaves obovate, narrowed at the base into the petiole, 3-toothed at the apex, hairy; pods oblong, smooth, y.. H. Native of the Alps of Caucasus. D. hispida, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 94. exclusive of the synonyms, suppl. p. 428. About the height of D. repens, but it is destitute of runners. Differing from D. hispida by its larger stature and flowers, and longer pods. Three-toothed-leaved Whitlow-Grass. PI. -| foot. 19 D. HISPIDA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 426.) scapes naked; leaves obovate, somewhat toothed, hispid from bifid hairs ; pods oval. %. H. Native of Cappadocia. Petals yellow, twice the length of the calyx. Style very short. Plant with the habit of Erd- phila verna. Hispid Whitlow-Grass. PI. 2 inches. 20 D. INCO'MPTA (Stev. in mem. soc. mosc. 3. p. 268.) scapes velvety, 3-times longer than the leaves ; leaves oblong, greyish- velvety from starry-hairs ; pedicels shorter than the flowers. I/ . H. Native of the Eastern Caucasus on rocks on Mount Ty- fendagh. Habit of Aretia Vitaliana. Flowers yellow. Petals twice the length of the velvety calyx. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 44. Undecked Whitlow-Grass. Fl.June. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 inches. 21 D. MOLLi'ssiMA(Stev.inmem. soc. nat. mosc. 3. p. 268.) scapes smooth, naked, much longer than the leaves ; leaves imbricate, oblong, hoary-velvety with stellate hairs ; pedicels longer than the flowers. If. . H. Native of Eastern Caucasus on Alp. Schadagh. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 45. Flowers yellow, about the size of those of D. aizoides. (f. 49.) Softest Whitlow-Grass. Fl. Ju. PI. 1 to 2 inches. 22 D. JORULLE'NSIS (H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 78.) stem leafy, villous ; radical leaves oblong-elliptical, stalked, some- what velvety ; pods elliptical, pu- bescent. ^.F. Native of Mexico on the burning mount Jorullo. Petals obovate, hardly longer than the calyx. Jorullo Whitlow-Grass. PI. -j to % foot. 23 D. TOLUCCE'NSIS (H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 78.) stems leafy, smoothish ; radical leaves oblong, somewhat hoary ; pods elliptical, smooth, y. . F. Native of colder parts of Mexico, particularly near the town of Tolucco at the height FIG. 49. 184 CRUCIFER^:. XXXIII. DRABA. of 2140 feet. Very like D. Jorullensis. Flowers unknown. Pods elliptical, pointed by the short style. Trunk of root woody. Tolucco Whitlow-Grass. PI. i foot. SECT. III. LEUCODRA'BA (from \CVKOG, leucos, white, and Draba, that is to say, Draba with white flowers.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 342. prod. 1. p. 168. Small perennial tufted plants, with white flowers, and blunt or emarginate petals ; leaves flaccid, not stiff. 24 D. BOREA'LIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 342.) scape hairy, bearing 1 ovate leaf, the rest of the leaves are oblong and narrowed at the base, entire, velvety with branched hairs ; pods ovate. If. . H. Native of the island of St. Paul. Petals white, oblong- cuneated, twice the length of the calyx. Northern Whitlow Grass. PI. A foot. 25 D. OBLONGA*TA(R.Br. in Ross's voy. append.) scapes naked, somewhat hairy with floccose down ; leaves rosulate, oblong- linear, entire, ciliated and velvety ; pods oblong-elliptical, vel- vety. If. H. Native of North America in the polar regions, particularly at Baffin's Bay. Style very short. Oblong-podded Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. 26 D. CORYMBOSA (R. Br. in Ross's voy. append.) scapes naked, rather hispid ; leaves densely rosulate, oblong, narrowed at the base, ciliated, and somewhat hispid ; pods elliptical, corym- bose, rather hispid. If. . H. Native of the polar regions of North America, particularly at Baffin's Bay. Pods elliptical ; Style very short, and terminated by the somewhat capitate stigma. Corymbose Whitlow- Grass. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Pl.ift. 27 D. WORMSKIO'LDH (Fisch. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 874.) leaves oblong, with one tooth on each side ; scape 1 -leaved, and is, as well as the leaves, beset with branched pili ; flowers in corymbs ; silicles oblong, smooth. I/ . H. Native in the ex- treme eastern parts of Siberia. Flowers white. Wormskiold's Whitlow-Grass. PI. A foot. 28 D. MURICE'LLA (Wahl. fl. lapp. 178. no. 318. t. 11. f. 2.) scape naked, velvety ; leaves oblong, entire, greyish-velvety with stellate hairs ; pods oblong-lanceolate, smooth. I/ . H. Native of Norway, Lapland, on dry hills, and perhaps on the western coast of North America and Labrador. D. hirta, Oeder. fl. dan. t. 214. D. Liljebladii of Wallm. D. nivalis, Liljebl. nov. act. ups. 6. p. 47. t. 2. f. 2. Flowers small, whitish. Pods ob- long-lanceolate, acute at both ends, and very smooth. Var. j3, ccesia (Adams, in mem. soc. nat. mosc. 5. p. 268.) differing from the species in the flowers being sulphur-coloured, not whitish, and with the leaves rarely toothed. "If. . H. Native of the north of Siberia at the mouth of the river Lena, at the promontory called Bykofskoy-mys. Little-hispid Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May,Ju. Clt. 1825. PI. Aft. 29 D. HI RTA (Lin. spec. 897.) scapes puberulous, bearing 2 dentate leaves ; radical leaves oblong, nearly entire, puberu- lous ; pods oblong, and are, as well as the pedicels, smooth. If. . H. Native of Lapland, Norway, and Greenland, on dry shaded rock in the lower mountains. Wahl. fl. lapp. p. 175. no. 319. t. 1 1 . f. 3. A very polymorphous plant, which is often con- fused with D. rupestris. Var. ft, apicola (Wahl. 1. c. t. 11. f. 1.) more stiff and dwarfer habit, and the hairs are more stellate than in the other varieties. I/ . H. Native on the higher mountains of the above men- tioned countries. Var. y, Norvegica (Gunn. fl. norv. 2. p. 106. no. 846.) radi- cal leaves larger, somewhat cuneated, acute, toothed, crowded. I/. H. Draba Pyrenaica, Oed. fl. dan. t. 143. but not of Lin. Native of the Alps of Norway, especially near Port Olaus. Var. S, siliquosa (Cham, et Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 23.) plant with a more lose habit ; siliques longer. $ . H. Native of Unalaschka. Leaves broader and more toothed. Sepals beset with simple and forked hairs towards the apex. Siliques 9-lines long. Hairy Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1817. PI. i to -j and even ^ foot. 30 D. RUPE'STRIS (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 91.) scapes puberulous, naked or bearing one leaf; leaves lanceolate, pilose, almost entire ; pods lanceolate, and are, as well as the pedicels, pubescent. I/ . H. Native on rocks near the summit of Ben Lawers in Scotland, also on rocks in the mountains of Norway ; North America, in the Bay of St. Lawrence, also in the islands of Unalaschka and St. Lawrence. Draba hirta, Smith, fl. brit. 2. p. 677. engl. bot. t. 1338. but not of Lin. Draba stel- lata, With. fl. brit. 565. Pods lanceolate, hairy-pubescent with very short simple or forked hairs, sometimes but very, rarely smooth. - Rock Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. Scotland. PI. 2 or 3 in. 31 D. NIVA'LIS (Willd. spec. 3. p. 427.) scapes naked or one leaved, smooth ; leaves oblong-linear, ciliated, and somewhat pilose ; pods elliptic-oblong, and are, as well as pedicels, smooth. If.. H. Native of Lapland, Norway, Switzerland, Savoy, and Dauphiny, in rocky places on the higher alps. D. stellata, Oed. fl. dan. t. 142. Pods elliptical-oblong, quite smooth. Snow Whitlow-Grass. Fl. April, Ju. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 or 2 in. 32 D. LAPPO'NICA (Willd. herb, from Stev. obs. ined. D. C. syst. 2. p. 344.) scapes naked, very smooth ; leaves lanceolate, quite entire, rather pilose ; pods elliptical-oblong, and are as well as the pedicels very smooth. If . H. Native on rocks in the Alps of Lapland and Greenland ; North America in the Bay of St. Lawrence. D. Androsacea, Wahl. fl. lapp. 174. no. 317. t. 11. f. 5. exclusive of the synonyms. D. Wahlenbergii, Hartni. More loose in habit than D. nivalis. Lapland Whitlow-Grass. Fl.May.Ju. Clt. 1824. PI. 2 or Sin. 33 D. HELVE'TICA (Schleich. pi. dr. Switz. D. C. syst. 2. p. 345.) scapes naked, very smooth ; leaves lanceolate, ciliated ; pods oval, and are, as well as pedicels, very smooth. If. . H. Native of Switzerland near the limits of snow on the rocky top of Wendigletscher about Engelberg. D. ciliaris, Wahl. helv. p. 122. no. 671. but not of Lin. Swiss Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 inch. 34 D. FIADNIZE'NSTS (Wulf. in Jacq. misc. 1. p. 147. t. 17. f. 1.) scapes 2 or 3-leaved, smooth; leaves oblong-linear, stiffly- ciliated ; pods oblong, and are, as well as the pedicels, very smooth. If. . H. Native of Croatia, Carniolia, and Carinthia, on rocks in the higher mountains above Fladniz ; also in Transylvania. D. Androsacea, Willd. spec. 3. p. 428. D. cili&ta, Scop. earn. no. 787. t. 33. D. ciliaris, Hort. syn. 354. Flowers few, approximate; sepals green, oval. J'ladniz Whitlow-Grass. Fl. July. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 inch. 35 D. TOMENTOSA (Clairv. herb. val. p. 217? Wahl. fl. helv. p. 123. no. 672. t. 3.) scape 1 or 2-leaved, velvety; leaves oval-oblong, downy with short stellate-tomentum ; pedicels pubes- cent ; pods oval, ciliated. If. . H. Native throughout the higher Alps of Switzerland in the chinks of dry rocks on Gemmy and Stockhorm ; central Pyrenees at Valley d'Aure, on the mountain called Penne-blanque ; also on the tops of the Carpathian moun- tains at the height of 6200 feet. D. dubia, Sut. Petals white, 3 times longer than the calyx. Pods pointed by the punctiform stigma. D. hirta, Towns, itin. hung. 490. Tonuntose Whitlow- Grass. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1819. PI. 1-2 in. 36 D. CHAMISSONI; scapes 2-3-leaved, clothed with stiff short tomentum, as well as the leaves ; leaves oval-oblong ; pedicels usually exceeding the length of the silicle ; silicles pubescent, acute ; stigma evidently 2-lobed. If. . H. Native of North America in the island of Unalaschka and the Bay of St. Lawrence. D. stellata, Cham, et Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 22. This plant CRUCIFEILE. XXXIII. DRABA. 185 has a much more loose habit than D. stellata, with longer pedi- cels and longer styles. Chamisso's Whitlow-Grass. PI. 3 to 4 inches. 37 D. STELLATA (Jacq. vind. 113. obs. no. 54. t, 4. f. 3.) scapes 1 -leaved, pubescent; leaves oval-oblong, downy with stel- late short hairs ; pedicels puberulous ; pods oblong (f. 46. j.) If. . H. Native in fissures of rocks in very high places exposed to the sun, in the Pyrenees ; also in the same sort of places in the Alps of Provence, Dauphiny, Piedmont, Savoy, Switzerland, Austria, Salzburg, Styria, Transylvania, &c. &c. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t.46. f. B. D. hirta, Jacq. austr. t. 432. D. Austriaca, Crantz. austr. p. 12. t. 1. f. 4. Flowers very small and white. Pods oblong, usually very smooth. Var. j3, hebecarpa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 346.) pods velvety with down. SteWate-haired Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1819. PL 1 to 3 inches. 38 D. L*'viPES (D. C. syst. 2. p. 346.) scapes naked, or bear- ing 1 leaf, pubescent ; leaves ovate, downy with short stellate hairs ; pods elongated, linear, and are as well as the pedicels very smooth. I/. H. Native of the Pyrenees on rocks. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 46. f. A. Very like the two preceding plants. Smooth-pedicelled Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May. PL 2 inches. 39 D. SILIQUOSA (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 94. suppl. p. 428.) scapes 2-leaved, somewhat pubescent ; leaves linear-lanceolate, somewhat toothed, villous with branched hairs ; pods linear, and are as well as pedicels smooth. If. . H. Native of the Alps of Caucasus. Petals white, oblong, hardly emarginate. Pods linear. Long-podded Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, July. PL 2 inches. 40 D. LA'CTEA (Adams, mem. soc. nat. mosc. 5. p. 194.) scapes naked, smootli ; leaves oblong-linear, acute, very entire, pilose ; pods oblong-elliptic, pointed by the short style, and are as well as the pedicels smooth. If. . H. Native of the north of Siberia on the shores of the Arctic sea, about the mouth of the river Lena. Petals cream-coloured, with short claws. .A/ttt-coloured-flowered Whitlow-Grass. Fl. July. PL 2 inch. 41 D. CALYCI'NA (Desv. jour. bot. 3. p. 185.) scapes naked, smoothish, 1-flowered ; leaves oblong, narrowed at the base, pilose, entire ; pods linear, smooth. If. . G. Native of Peru. Petals white, oblong, a little longer than the calyx. Root long, perpendicular. \jaxge-calyxed Whitlow-Grass. PL 2 or 3 inches. SECT. IV. HOLA'RGES (meaning unknown.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 348. prod. 1. p. 170. Plants annual or biennial. Style short. Flowers white, very rarely yellow. 42 D.INCA'NA (Lin. spec. 897. Cham. etSchlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 23.) stems numerous from the root, naked or clothed with the ves- tiges of theleaves of the preceding year, usually branchedemulating stolons, terminated in a tuft of leaves at the top, from which the floriferous branches emerge ; leaves elliptical, quite entire, rarely toothed, tapering into the petiole ; cauline leaves ovate, acute, toothed ; pods elliptical, acute at both ends, beset with simple or branched hairs. If . H. Native of the islands of Kamtschatka, Unalaschka, and St. Paul. Flowers white, with emarginate petals, at first corymbose, but at length racemose. Plant pubescent, when young tomentose, but when in fruit it is smooth. Far. /3, Kamtschdtica ; plant more pubescent with starry down, mixed with larger simple hairs. I/ . H. Native of Kamt- schatka. Plant more slender and more tufted. Pods narrower. Seeds elliptical, not acute. Var. y, Redowskiana ; plant slender, clothed with dense cine- reous pubescence ; siliques densely-pubescent, twisted ; peduncles length of pods ; stigma 2-lobed. Hoary Whitlow-Grass. PL ^ foot. VOL. i. — PART ii. 43 D. CONTO'RTA (Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 155.) stem leafy, branch- ed, velvety with stellate down ; leaves ovate, toothed, hoary ; pods oblong, smooth, somewhat twisted. $ . H. Native of Britain on Alpine limestone rocks, particularly on the summits of moun- tains in Wales, Westmoreland, and Scotland ; upon the top of Ingleborough, Yorkshire ; upon Ben Lawers, Loch-na-gair, and Cairn-gorm, Scotland ; on heaths on the east coast of Sunderland near Wilk-house ; also in the Pyrenees, Caucasus, Greenland, Unalaschka, and Labrador. D. incana, Smith, engl. bot. t. 388. Flowers white ; petals bluntly emarginate. D. incana /j, Willd. spec. 3. p. 430. Var. f3, linearifolia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 348.) stem much branched ; leaves linear, hardly toothed ; pods a little longer than those of the species. $ . H. Native of Greenland. Perhaps a proper species. Twisted-podded Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. Britain. PL \ to 1 foot. 44 D. CONFU'SA (Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 155.) stem leafy, some- what branched, velvety with short stellate down ; leaves oblong, somewhat toothed, hoary ; pods oblong, pubescent, longer than the pedicels. $ . H. Native of Norway, Finmark, Sweden, Val- lais, also on the Caucasian Alp called Schahdagh, and on the Altaian mountains, in dry fields and on hills. D. incana, FL dan. t. 130. Differing from D. contorta, in the pods being ter- minated by a longer style, pubescent, rarely twisted. Var. (3, paucijolia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 348.) leaves fewer on the stem. $ . H. Native of Kamtschatka and Labrador. Confused Whitlow-Grass. FL May, July. Clt. ? PL i to 1 fc. 45 D. CINE'REA (Adams, mem. soc. nat. mosc. 5. p. 103.) stem simple, leafy, somewhat pubescent ; leaves oblong-linear, entire ; pods oblong, pubescent, shorter than the pedicels. $ . H. Native of sterile mountainous places in the north of Siberia, at the mouth of the river Dschulamda in the Lena, near the town called Schigansk or Sayansk. Very like D. confusa, but differ- ing in the stem being more lax and weaker, and less leafy. Stem leaves 5 or 6 entire, scattered. Cinereous Whitlow- Grass. Fl.Ju.July. Clt. 1820. PL £to£ ft. 46 D. MAGELLA'NICA (Lam. diet. 2. p. 328.) stem simple, leafy, velvety ; leaves oblong, entire ; pods oblong, velvety, longer than the pedicels. $ . H. Native of the Straits of Magellan at the edges of mountain woods. Nearly allied to D. confusa, but differing in the stem being simple, not branched, and in the leaves being entire, not toothed. Flowers white. Magellan Whitlow-Grass. Fl. Aug. Dec. PL ^ to § foot. 47 D. ARABIVSANS (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 28.) stem leafy, somewhat branched, and rather pubescent ; leaves lanceolate, acute, toothed ; pods linear, smooth, longer than the pedicels. $ . H. Native of North America on rocks by river sides. In NewEnglandandatlake Champlain. Draba A'rabis, Pers. Habit of A'rabis. Pods erect, twisted, pointed by the style, about 5 lines long. A tufted plant, with short sterile stems, and elon- gated, flowering ones. Flowers white. Arabis-lihe Whitlow-Grass. FL May, June. PL -j foot. 48 D. DAU'RICA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 350.) stem leafy, branched, somewhat pubescent ; leaves ovate, toothed, pubescent ; pods oblong, smooth, longer than the pedicels. $ . H. Native of Dauria in the mountains, called Yablonoi Chrebet. Petals white, somewhat emarginate, narrowed at the base, twice the length of the calyx. Stigma capitellate. Daurian Whitlow-Grass. FL May, Ju. Clt. 1824. PL i foot. 49 D. UNALASCHKIANA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 350.) stem leafy, simple, pubescent ; leaves ovate-oblong, entire, pubescent ; pods oblong, hairy. $ . H. Native of the island of Unalaschka. Petals obovate, emarginate, twice the length of the calyx. Flowers 4 or 6, disposed in a racemose-corymb. Stems rather decumbent. Bb 186 CRUCIFER^E. XXXIII. DRABA. Unalaschka Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, Ju. PI. ^ to ^ foot. 50 D. AU'REA (Vahl. from Horn. fl. cecon. ed. 2. p. 599. fl. dan. t. 1460.) stem leafy, somewhat branched, velvety ; leaves • oblong-linear, acute, entire, pubescent ; pods linear, puberulous, twice or thrice the length of the pedicels. $ . H. Native of Greenland. Hook. bot. mag. 2921. This is the only species in this section with yellow flowers, the rest being all white. Petals ohovate, blunt, clawed. GWden-flowered Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1824. PI. | foot. SECT. V. DRABE'LLA (a diminutive of Draba.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 351. prod. 1. p. 171. Annual or biennial plants. Style none. Flowers small, yellow, or white. 51 D. LU'TEA (Gilib. fl. lith. in Ust. del. op. 2. p. 357.) stem branched, leafy, pubescent ; leaves oval, denticulated, pubescent ; pods elliptical-oblong, smooth, containing from 20 to 40 seeds. ©. H. Flowers racemose, small, yellow. Petals blunt, almost elliptical, longer than the calyx. Var. a, brevipes (D. C. syst. 2. p. 351.) pedicels hardly twice the length of the pods. 0. H. Native of Armenia or Cappa- docia. Draba Pontica, Desf. cor. Tourn. p. 67. t. 51. ann. du. mus. 11. p. 381. t. 38. Var, ft, longipes (D. C. 1. c.) pedicels three or four times longer than the pod. Q. H. Native of the north of Caucasus in grassy places and on hills ; about Grodno, Dorpath, Moscow, Petersburg!] ; also in the Ural mountains and Dauria. D. lutea, Gilib. 1. c. D. muralis, Steph. fl. mosc. p. 29. Bieb. fl. taur. no. 1246. suppl. p. 428. FeMow-flowered Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1825. PI £foot. 52 D. NEMORA'LIS (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 043. Houtt. pfl. syst. 4. t. 60. f. 1.) stem branched, leafy, pubescent ; leaves ovate, tooths, pubescent ; pods elliptical-oblong, containing from 32 to 36 seeds, velvety with small hairs. Q. H. Native of Japan by way-sides ; in Russia in groves ; in Tauria and Caucasus in fields ; in Transylvania in shady mountains ; in the Carpathian mountains and the Pyrenees. It is said also to grow in Sweden and North America. Draba muralis, Thunb. fl. jap. 259. Flowers yellow, differing hut little from D. lutea, unless that the pods are pubescent, not smooth. Grove Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1759. PL i foot. 53 D. MURA'LIS (Lin. spec. ed. l.p. 643.) stem branched, leafy, pubescent ; leaves ovate, toothed, somewhat cordate, stem-clasp- ing, rather hairy ; pods elliptical-oblong, smooth, containing 12- 16 seeds. O- H. Native of England on the shady sides of limestone mountains, but rare. In several parts of Craven, York- shire, about Malham Cove ; at old Malton on walls, on the Warden hills, Bedfordshire, on dry banks at Emborough, Somersetshire, naturalised on the walls of Chelsea Botanic Garden, as likewise about the old Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. It is also to be found throughout the whole of Europe on the shady sides of walls, rocks, and mountains. Smith, engl. bot. t. 912. Lam. ill. t. 556. f. 2. Hook, fl. lond. t. 64. D. nemorosa, All. ped. no. 897. D. ramosa, Gater. fl. montaub. 114. D. nemoralis, Delarb. fl. auv. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 371. Flowers small, white; petals obovate, entire. Wall Whitlow-Grass. Fl. April, May. Engl. PI. | to 1 ft. 54 D. CAROLINIA'NA (Walt. fl. carol. 174.) stem leafy at the base and hispid, smooth at the top and naked ; leaves ovate- roundish, entire, hispid ; pods linear, smooth, longer than the pedicels. O- H. Native of North America in sandy fields from Pennsylvania to Carolina, and on the banks of the river Mis- souri, Virginia, New York, &c. &c. Draba hispidula, Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 28. Flowers small, white. Carolinian Whitlow-Grass. Fl. March, April. PI. 1 or 2 in. 1 or not •f Species, the generic characters of which are doubtful, sufficiently known. 55 D. PUMI'LIO (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 2. p. 353.) scapes naked, 1 -flowered ; radical leaves ovate, entire, stalked ; pods ovate. Q. H. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Flowers small, white. Calyx spreading. Root perpendicular. Dwarf Whitlow-Grass. Plant hardly 1 inch. 56 D. VESICA'RIA (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 186.) scapes naked, covered with stellate hairs ; leaves crowded, oblong, velvety with stellate down, and ciliated with simple hairs ; pods ovate, inflated, hairy. % . H. Native of Palestine on rocks and moun- tains, and of Syria on Mount Lebanon. A little tufted plant with yellow flowers. /?fei\cu, phileo, to love ; in allusion to the time of flowering). D. C. syst. 2. p. 356. prod. 1. p. 172. LIN. SYST. Tetradyndmia, Siliculosa. Silicle oval or oblong, with flat valves. Seeds many, not margined. Calyx equal at the base. Petals 2-parted. Stamens not toothed. Small annual vernal plants, with oval or oblong leaves, which are rosulate at the neck, and naked, erect scapes. Pedicels bractless, often elongated. Flowers small, white. Hairs on leaves few, simple, or sometimes branched. 1 E. AMERICA'NA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 356.) pods oblong, shorter than the pedicels; scapes 5 or 10-flowered. Q. H. Native of North America in fields and among rubbish in places exposed to the sun. Draba verna Americana, Pers. ench. 2. p. 1 90. Draba Caroliniana, var. Bart. fl. phil. 2. p. 58. Differing from Erophila vulgaris in the pods being oblong, not elliptical, nearly 3-times as long as broad. American Whitlow-Cress. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to 3 inches. 2 E. VULGA RIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 356.) pods elliptical, shorter than the pedicels; scapes 5-1 5-flowered. Q.H. Native through- out the whole of Europe, on walls, banks, and dry waste ground, abundant in Britain. Draba verna, Lin. syst. 896. Smith, engl. bot. t. 586. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1764. t. 179. Fl. dan. t. 983. Leaves either entire or notched. Common Whitlow-Cress. Fl. Mar. Ap. Britain. PI. 1 to 3 in. 3 E. VV.JECOX (D. C. syst. 2. p. 357.) pods somewhat orbi- cular, hardly shorter than the pedicels; scapes 3-5-flowered. Q. H. Native of the Eastern Caucasus nearGandsha. Draba prae cox, Stev. mem. soc. nat. mosc. 3. p. 269. Draba verna, var. Bieb. suppl. 428. Early Whitlow-Cress. Fl. Feb. Apr. Clt. 1 827. PI. 1 inch. 4 F. MINUTI'SSIMA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 357.) pods? ; scape naked, generally 3-flowered ; leaves elliptical, stalked. O- H. Na- tive near Constantinople. Draba minutissima, Willd. herb, from Stev. obs. ined. Minutest Whitlow-Cress. Fl. Mar. April. PI. ^ to 1 inch. 5 E. MUSCO'SA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 358.) pods elliptical, a little longer than the pedicels ; scapes 3 or 4-flowered. O- H. Na- tive of Peru among moss and small herbs. Petals semibifid, longer than the calyx. Plant having the appearance of a moss. A/bw-like Whitlow-Cress. PI. 1 inch. Cult. These pretty little annual plants should be sown in the autumn in the sunny parts of rock-work, where they should be allowed afterwards to scatter themselves. Being very early flowering plants, therefore very desirable. XXXV. COCHLEA'RIA (from cochlear, a spoon ; the leaves of most of the species are hollowed like the bowl of a spoon). Tourn. inst. 215. t. 101. Lin. gen. no. 803. Lam. illust. t. 558. D. C. syst. 2. p. 358. prod. 1. p. 172. LIN. SYST. Tetmdynamia, Siliculosa. Silicles sessile, ovate- globose or oblong, with ventricose valves. Seeds many, not margined. Calyx equal at the base, spreading. Petals entire. Stamens toothless. Annual or perennial herbs, usually smooth and fleshy, but sometimes they are puberulous, with scattered, short, simple, or 3-forked hairs. Form of leaves very variable ; radical ones usually stalked; cauline ones often auriculately- sagittate. Racemes terminal ; pedicels bractless, spreading, fili- form, or somewhat angular. Flowers white, except in one species which is lilac.. The sections of this genus may constitute as many distinct genera. SECT. I. KERNE'RA (from Kcpvoy, kernos, an earthen vessel » shape of leaves ?). D. C. syst. 2. p. 359. prod. 1. p. 172. Sili- cles globose, somewhat 4-sided at the base, with rather stiff valves. Dissepiment bounded by narrow linear areolae. Filaments 4, jointed at their middle. Style short ; stigma 2-lobed. This section is considered of sufficient importance by Mr. Brown to constitute a distinct genus. 1 C. SAXA'TILIS (Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 471.) pods pea-formed, smooth ; radical leaves oblong, toothed, pilose, cauline ones linear-oblong. I/. H. Native of France, Switzerland, Italy, Transylvania, and the Carpathian mountains, on calcareous rocks and in rugged places. My&grum saxatile, Lin. spec. 894. Jacq. austr. t. 128. Vind. t. 257. Nasturtium saxatile, Crantz. austr. 1. p. 14. t. 1. f. 2. Alyssum alpinum, Scop. earn. ed. 2. no. 793. Alyssum myagroides, All. ped. no. 887. Kernera myagroides, Medik. in Ust. new. ann. 2. p. 42. Camelina saxatilis, Pers. ench. 2. p. 191. Alyssum rupestre, Willd. enum. 2. p. 612. but not of Tenore. Camelina myagroides, Moretti in giorn. fis. pav. 1820. bim. 1. Flowers white. Var. ft, inclsa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 360.) leaves lyrate or pinna- tifid. — Mor. hist. 2. p. 293. no. 11. sect. 3. t. 17. fig. ult. Myagrum saxatile /3. D. C. suppl. 597. Rock Scurvy-Grass. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1775. PI. j ft. 2 C. AURICULA'TA (Lam. diet. 2. p. 165.) pods pea-formed, smooth ; radical leaves oblong, toothed, pilose ; cauline ones cordate-sagittate. If. . H. Native on the mountains of Auvergne, Savoy, Cevennes, and the Pyrenees ; on calcareous rocks. Mya- grum montanum, Berg. phyt. 3. p. 140. icon. Myagrum saxa- tile /3, Willd. spec. 3. p. 410. M. alpinum, Lapeyr. abr. p. 362. Cheiranthus auricul&tus, Lapeyr. abr. S62. Myagrum auriculk- tum, D. C. suppl. 597. Differing from Cochl. saxatilis in the cauline leaves being cordate-sagittate at base, with acute auricles, not sessile. Flowers white. .Eared-leaved Scurvy-Grass. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1820. PI 4 ft. 3 C. ? ALYSSOI'DES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 172.) pods globose, in- flated with the calyx ; leaves oblong, blunt, sinuately-toothed, thickish, radical ones stalked, upper ones half-stem-clasping. Native of the East Indies. Alyssum cochlearioides, Roth. nov. pi. spec. 322. Perhaps a species of Vcsicaria. Alyssum-like Scurvy-Grass. PI. 1 foot. SECT. II. ARMORA'CIA (a name of Celtic origin, from ar, near, mor, the sea, rich, against, that is to say, a plant growing near the sea). D. C. syst. 2. p. 360. prod. 1. p. 172. Silicle ellip- tical or oblong. Style short, filiform ; stigma capitate, nearly disciform. Leaves large, oblong. Flowers white. 4 C. ARMORA'CIA (Lin. spec. 904.) pods ellipsoid; radical leaves large, oblong, crenated, cauline ones elongated, lanceolate, toothed, or cut ; root large, fleshy. If. . H. Native of Europe in watery mountainous places. In England about Alnwick, and elsewhere in Northumberland; in several parts of Craven in Yorkshire. Common in waste ground, about orchards and farm- yards from the refuse of gardens. In France in Dauphiny, at a place called Roxans; also in Switzerland, Germany, and Transyl- vania, Woodv. med. bot. 3. p. 406. 1. 1 50. Smith, engl. bot. t. 2223. Schkuhr. handb. 2. p. 229. t. 181. Cochl. rusticana, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 471. Armoracia lapathifolia, Gilib. fl. lith. in Ust. del. op. 2. p. 359. Flowers with a spreading calyx. The horse-radish is Bb 2 188 CRUCIFER.E. XXXV. COCHLEARIA. called upon the Continent Cran, Cran de Brelagne, Le Grand Raifort, (Fr.) Reeredyck, (Germ.) Ramolaccio, (Ital.) The root of this plant has a pungent smell, and a penetrating acrid taste ; and it also contains a sweet juice, which sometimes exudes upon the surface. Einhoff has discovered that the acrimony of horse- radish is owing to a volatile oil of a pale yellow colour, and which has the consistence of oil of cinnamon. The liquid ob- tained from the root gave traces of sulphur by distillation. The tincture deposits crystals of sulphur, which are of a yellow colour, and when exposed to flame exhale a peculiar sulphuric fla- vour ; this is no doubt the case with all cruciferous plants. Both water and alcohol extract its virtues by infusion. By drying it loses all its acrimony, becoming first sweetish, and afterwards almost insipid ; if kept in a cool place, such as a shed or cellar, covered with sand or dry earth, it retains its pungency for a considerable time. It is an extremely penetrating stimulus. It excites the solids, and promotes the fluid secretions. It has frequently been of service in some kinds of scurvy and other chronic disorders, and is sometimes recommended in dropsies, particularly those which sometimes follow intermittent fevers. It is said also to excite appetite when the stomach is weakened or relaxed. Taken in considerable quantities, it provokes vomiting. Thomas Ber- tholini extols its virtues in the stone from experience : he affirms the juice of horse-radish dissolved a calculus of stony concretion that was taken out of a human body. An infusion of it in cold milk makes one of the safest and best cosmetics. The root scraped into shreds is a well-known accompaniment of English roast beef. Two excellent modes of cultivating the horse-radish have lately been described in the Horticultural Society's Trans- actions by Knight and Judd. Both agree in trenching the soil to a considerable depth, and putting the manure at the bottom of the trench ; but Knight plants the sets on the surface, and cal- culates on the root that strikes down to the dung for produce. Judd, on the other hand, makes holes quite to the bottom of his trenched soil, and in each drops a set, filling up the hole with wood-ashes, rotten tan, or sand, calculating for produce on the shoots made from the set at the bottom of the hole up through the sand or ashes to the surface. Either mode will do extremely well. The following excellent instruction is given by J. Knight in Hort. Trans% 1. p. 207. " Horse-radish thrives best in deep, soft, sandy loam, that is not very dry in summer nor inundated in winter ; the situation must be open. During winter trench the ground three feet deep, and in the following February procure the sets, in the choice of which take the strongest crowns or leading buds, cutting them about two inches long. Mark out the ground, four feet beds, and one foot alleys, then take from the first bed nine inches of the top soil, laying it upon the adjoining bed, after which take out an opening at one end of the bed, in the common way of trenching, 15 inches deep from the present surface, then level the bottom, upon which plant a row of sets across the bed at nine inches apart each way, with their crowns upright ; afterwards dig the next trench the same width and depth, turning the earth into the first trench over the row of sets, thus proceeding trench after trench to the end for as many beds as are wanted. The plants must be kept clear of weeds during summer, and as soon as the leaves decay in autumn, let them be carefully raked off with a wooden- toothed rake ; in the following February 1 8 inches of the earth of the unplanted bed must be laid as light as possible and equally over the beds that are planted, then trench and plant the vacant beds as before directed. The following autumn the first planted horse-radish may be taken up by opening a trench at one end of the bed to the bottom of the roots, so that the sticks or roots of horse-radish may be taken up entire and sound, which for size and quality will be such as have not been seen. The following February the one year old crop will require additional earth as before directed, which must of course be taken from those beds which are now vacant, which when done, if the ground appears poor or unlikely to produce another vigorous crop, they must have a coat of manure." " Upon every alternate bed, which is not planted, a dwarf annual crop may be grown, such as spinach or radishes." A moist soil increases its bitter and alkaline flavour. Common Horse-radish. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. 2 feet. 5 C. MACROCA'RPA (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 101. t. 184.) pods ellipsoid ; radical leaves large, oblong, crenated, cauline ones lanceolate-toothed ; teeth cartilaginous ; root fleshy; sepals erect. If.. H. Native of Hungary and Transylvania in humid meadows or marshes. Armoracia macrocarpa, Baumg. fl. transyl. 2. p. 240. Cochl. crassifolia, Willd. herb. Flowers and fruit a little larger than those of Cochl. armoracia, and the taste of the root is less acrid. It may be used in the same manner. Large-podded Horse-radish. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1806. PI. 2 ft. 6 C. MICROCA'RPA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 362.) pods globose ; leaves oblong, auriculately-stem-clasping at the base, toothed. I/ . H. Native of Siberia at Krivoluka. C. armoracia ? Pall. herb. C. Altaica, Schlecht. in herb. Willd. from Stev. obs. ined. Habit of Myagrum Austriacum or Lepidium Draba. Stem branched. Pods small. Small-podded Horse-radish. PL 1 foot. • SECT. III. CO'CHLEAR (for derivation see genus ; form of leaves). D. C. syst. 2. p. 362. prod. 1. p. 176. Silicles of various forms, but never emarginate at the top. Style very short or wanting altogether. Spreading plants, with usually kidney-shaped hollow leaves. Flowers white or tinged with purple. 7 C. GLASTIFO'LIA (Lin. spec. 904.) silicles somewhat globose ; cauline leaves cordately-sagittate, stem -clasping, acuminated, entire. $ . H. Native about Ratisbon, in Dauphiny in fields, in the gardens of Corsica, in Portugal on the banks of Douro. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1804. t. 181.— Lob. icon. t. 321. f. 2.— Mor. oxon. 2. p. 312. sect. 3. t. 21. f. 3. A smooth, branched, glaucous herb. Woad-leaved Scurvy-Grass. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1648. PL 1 to 3 feet. 8 C. OBLONGIFO'LIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 363.) pods roundish one-half shorter than the pedicels ; cauline leaves oblong, entire, sessile, upper ones with very short auricles. I/. H. Petals twice the length of the calyx. Far. a, Draba cochlearioides (Langsdorf, from Fisch. in litt.) Native of the islands of St. Paul, St. Laurence, and Unalaschka. Var. ft, Cochlearia A'nglica e Kamtschdtka (Pall, in herb. Willd.) Cochl. Kamtschatica, Schlecht. in herb. Willd. Native of Kamtschatka. A smooth, branching, fleshy herb. Leaves more narrowed towards the base. Flowers smaller. Oblong-leaved Scurvy-Grass. Fl. April, May. PL -j foot. 9 C. A'NGLICA (Lin. spec. 903.) pods ovate, sub-globose, netted with veins, twice as short as the pedicels ; radical leaves stalked, ovate, entire, cauline ones oblong, toothed. Q. H. Native of Britain, Norway, Lapland, &c. on the muddy sea- shore, and about the mouths of large rivers. Oed. fl. dan. t. 329. Smith, eng. hot. 552. Cochl. Groenlandica, Gun. norv. no. 196. Cochl. ovalifolia, Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 436. English Scurvy-Grass. FL May. Britain. Plant variable in size. 10 C. OFFICINA'LIS (Lin. spec. 903.) pods ovate-globose, twice as short as the pedicels ; radical leaves stalked, cordate, cauline ones ovate, toothed, angular. $ . H. Native on the sea-coast, in stony or muddy situations, abundantly throughout North Europe; plentiful in Britain. Oed. fl. dan. t. 135. Woodv. med. bot. 1. p. 86. t. 29. Smith, eng. bot. t. 551. CRUCIFER.E. XXXV. COCHLEARIA. 189 Savi, mat. med. tosc. p. 25. t. 18. Tratt. arch. 5. t. 236. C. renifolia, Stok. hot. mat. med. 3. p. 435. Var. ft, minor (Smith, fl. brit. 2. p. 688.) C. Danica, Gun. norv. no. 197. from Vahl. Many of the stem leaves have long stalks, which are also more cordate than those of the species. Native on the tops of the Scotch and Welsh mountains, in watery places. Var. •/, rotundifblia (Smith, 1. c.) C. Groenlandica, With. brit. but not of Lin. Leaves rounder than those of the species. Na- tive on the tops of the Scottish and Welsh mountains. A branched plant, varying much in size. It is called in France, Cranson officinal; in Germany, Loffelkraut. The Common Scurvy-Grass when fresh has a peculiar smell, especially when bruised, and a kind of acrid bitter taste, which it loses completely by drying, but which it imparts by distillation to water or alco- hol. It also furnishes an essential oil, with sulphuretted hydro- gen, the smell of which is extremely pvingent. The fresh plant is a gentle stimulant and diuretic, and is chiefly used for the cure of sea scurvy. It may be eaten in substance, in any quantity, like the water-cress, or the juice may be expressed from it, or it may be infused in wine, beer or water, or its virtues may be ex- tracted by distillation. The juice is recommended as a gargle in scorbutic affections of the gums and mouth. The whole of this section Cochlcar possess more or less of the above virtues. When this plant is to be cultivated for use, sow the seeds in July, in drills eight inches apart, and when the plants are up thin them to six inches apart ; those thinned out may be planted into new beds. In the following spring the succulent leaves will be fit for use. Officinal or Common Scurvy-Grass. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. 2 inches to 1 foot. 11 C. PYRENAICA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 365.) pods obovate; somewhat globose, length of pedicels ; radical leaves cordately reniform, entire, cauline ones few, ovate, toothed. $ . H. Na- tive along the sides of rivulets, on the upper valleys of the Cen- tral Pyrenees. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 48. C. officinalis, Lapeyr. abr. pyr. p. 368. Intermediate between C. officinalis and C. Groenlandica. Pyrenean Scurvy-Grass. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. ? PI. | to ^ foot. 12 C. GROENLA'NDICA (Lin. spec. 904.) pods ovate, length of pedicels ; radical leaves stalked, kidney-shaped, entire ; cauline ones almost wanting. $ . H. Native of Greenland, Norway, and Iceland. In Scotland, on the hills of Clova, Angusshire, and at Loch-na-Gare. Lod. hot. cab. 1. t. 45. Smith, eng. bot. t. 2403. Plant very small in its place of natural growth. Flowers white, tinged with purple. Greenland Scurvy-Grass. Fl. July, Aug. Scotland. PL 1 to 3 inches. 13 C. DA'NICA (Lin. spec. 903.) pods elliptical, netted with veins, length of pedicels ; leaves all stalked, and triangular. O- H. Native throughout the north of Europe, also in Kamts- chatka, on the coast, in a muddy soil. In England but rare. In Walney Island, Lancashire ; Anglesea ; at Wells, Norfolk ; on several parts of the south coast from Portland to the Land's end. Oed. fl. dan. t. 100. Smith, eng. bot. t. 696. Stems spreading or prostrate. Flowers pure white. Var. ft, integrifblia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 366.) cauline leaves very few, radical ones kidney-shaped, entire. Native of Ireland, on the Giant's Causeway. Danish Scurvy-Grass. Fl. May, June. England and Ireland. PI. I foot. ' 14 C. LENE'NSIS (Adams, from Fisch. in litt.) pods ovate; 3-times shorter than the pedicels ; radical leaves stalked, some- what kidney-shaped, blunt, cauline ones oblong, almost entire. $ . H. Native of Siberia, at the river Lena. C. Groenlandica, Willd. herb, from Stev. obser. ined. Flowers small. Lena Scurvy-Grass. Fl. May, June. PI. | foot. 15 C. A'RCTICA (Schlecht. in herb. Willd. from Stev. obs. ined.) pods ovate-oblong, a little shorter than the pedicels ; radi- cal leaves stalked, ovate, somewhat toothed ; cauline ones sessile, furnished with one tooth on each side. $ , H. Native of the north of Siberia, and Kamtschatka. Arctic Scurvy-Grass. PI. -^ foot. 16 C. TRIDACTYLI'TES (Banks, herb. D. C. syst. 2. p. 367.) pods ovate-globose ; cauline leaves somewhat 3-lobed from a deep tooth on each side. $ . H. Native of Labrador. Like C. Lenensis and C. A'rctica. Pods the size of those of C. offi- cinalis. Three-jingered-leaved. Scurvy-Grass. PI. J foot. 17 C. FENESTRAVTA (R. Br. in app. voy. Ross.) pods elliptical, twice as short as pedicel, with an elongated, perforated dissepi- ment ; radical leaves stalked, ovate ; cauline ones oblong. I/ . H. Native of North America, in the Polar regions, on the Western Coast, at Baffin's Bay, and near Possession Bay. C. alpina, Hook. Windowed Scurvy-Grass. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1819. PI. i to ^ foot. 18 C. SISYMBRIOI DES (D. C. syst. 2. p. 368.) pods oblong, twice as short as pedicels ; petals oblong ; lower leaves pinnatifid, superior ones ovate-lanceolate, entire, or toothed, clasping the stem at the base. % . H. Native of Siberia, on the shores of the Icy Sea, and at the river Lena. C. heterophylla, Schlecht. D. C. prod. 1. p. 375. Flowers largish, white, with oblong sepals, which are membranous at their margin. Gmel. fl. sib. 3. t. 57. Sisymbrium-like Scurvy-Grass. PI. 1 foot. 19 C. GRANDIFLORA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 368.) pods oblong; petals large, obovate ; cauline leaves ovate-lanceolate, bluntish, grossly toothed, and bluntly auricled at the base. — Native of Siberia, at Nertchinsky-Sawod. Flowers white, larger than those of any of the other species. Leaves large, membranous. Great-flowered Scurvy-Grass. PI. 1 foot. 20 C. INTEGRIFOLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 369.) pods oblong ; petals obovate-oblong ; cauline leaves entire, lower ones stalked, ovate, upper ones nearly sessile, lanceolate. — Native of the Altaian mountains. Very like the two preceding plants. Flowers white, smaller than those of Cochl. Sisymbrioides. Entire-leaved Scurvy-Grass. PI. 1 foot. 21 C. SA'LSA (Schlecht. in. herb. Willd. from Stev. obs. ined.) pods lanceolate, terminated by the conical style, one half shorter than the pedicel ; cauline leaves oblong-lanceolate, cordate, stem-clasping, and are, as well as the stem, pubescent. — Native of Siberia? in salt marshes. Draba salsa, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 876. Flowers white, size of those of C. A'nglica. Salt Scurvy-Grass. PL ^ foot. 22 C. SPATHULA'TA (Schlecht. in Willd. herb, from Stev. obs. ined. D. C. syst. 2. p. 369.) stem branched, leafy, puberulous ; pods lanceolate, pointed, with the short style, a little shorter than the pedicels ; leaves spatulate, deeply-toothed, pubescent. Q. H. Native of the Aleutian islands of St. Paul and St. George, between Kamtschatka and America. C. septentriona/is, Schlecht. in Willd. herb, from Stev. obs. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 1 74. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 47. Draba spathulata, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 876. Draba grandis, Langsdorff, from Fisch. in litt. Very near to C. arctica, but easily distinguished from it by the hairs being 3-forked. Flowers cream-coloured. Silicles inflated. Spatulate-\eiivec[ Scurvy-Grass. PL ^ foot. 23 C. ? SILIQUOSA (Schlecht. in herb. Willd. from Stev. obs. ined. and D. C. syst. 2. p. 369.) pods oblong-lanceolate, pointed with the style, one half shorter than the pedicels ; leaves oblong, entire, pubescent, narrowed at the base. T(. . H. Native of 190 CRUCIFERjE. XXXV. COCHLEARIA. XXXVI. THLASPI. Unalaschka, on the highest rocks. Flowers when dry yel- lowish. Long-podded Scurvy-Grass. PI. •£ foot. 24 C. ? VELUTINA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 370.) pods elliptical, one half shorter than the pedicels ; leaves velvety with branched down, radical ones pinnate-parted, cauline ones sagittate. O- H. Native of Syria, between Aleppo and Mossul. Flowers like those of C. saxatilis. Petals broad, obovate. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 49. A very distinct species which, perhaps with the fol- lowing, may constitute a separate genus. Velvety Scurvy-Grass. PI. 1 to 3 inches. 25 C. SAXIFRAG^FOLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 370.) pods ovate- oblong ; leaves smooth, radical ones stalked, kidney-shaped, palm'ately and deeply-toothed, cauline ones ovate, 3-lobed, up- permost ones linear. I/ . H. Native of Persia. Flowers very like those of the preceding plant, Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 50. Saxifrage-leaved Scurvy-Grass. PI. A to $ foot. SECT. IV. IONOPSI'DIUM (from tov, ion, a violet, o^ig, opsis, resemblance, ciSoc, eidos, similar ; like a violet.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 371. prod. 1. p. 174. Silicle roundish, compressed, emar- ginate at the top. Flowers lilac. An intermediate section be- tween Cochlearia and Thlaspi. 26 C. ACAU'LIS (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 69.) pods roundish, emar- ginate, pedicels rising from the root ; petioles long ; leaves ovate- roundish, entire. Tf.. H. Native of Portugal, frequent on the basaltic hills near Lisbon, but rarer in the calcareous hills of Estremadura. Said also to grow in Morocco. C. pusilla, Brot. phyt. p. 100. no. 45. t. 21. f. 2 and 3. Jacq. eclog. t. 132. C. Olyssiponensis, Brot. fl. lusit. 1. p. 571. Lepidium violi- forme, D. C. mem. soc. hist. nat. paris. an. VII. p. 145. Leaves and pedicels rising from the root. Pedicels 1 -flowered, and 14 inch long. Stemless Scurvy-Grass. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 Jin. •f Species not sufficiently known. 27 C. SAGITT.SSF&LIA (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 182.) O- H. Native of ? Flowers small white ; pods oblong, en- tire, tumid, few-seeded ; radical leaves oblong, slightly toothed. Arrow-leaved Scurvy-Grass PI. \ foot. 28 C. LYRA'TA (Sibth. and Smith, fl. graec. t. 619.) Q. H. Native of Sicily. Leaves toothed, smooth ; radical ones lyrate, caviline ones oblong, sagittate, stem-clasping. Zyre-leaved Scurvy-Grass. PI. ^ foot. 29 C. REPA'NDA (Med in Ust. new. ann. 2. p. 42.) Native ? Lower leaves stalked, waved, pubescent, superior ones repand, stem-clasping, sagittate, hollowed in the form of a spoon. Repand-\eaved Scurvy- Grass. 30 C. LONGIFOLIA (Med. in Ust. new. ann. 2. p. 41.) — Na- tive of ? Lower leaves on long foot-stalks, upper ones sessile, for the most part entire. Long-leaved Scurvy-Grass. PI. ? Cult. The common horse-radish should be planted in Febru- ary or October in the way recommended under that species, in a deep rich soil. The smaller perennial sorts do best in pots, placed among other alpine plants, but the larger ones should be planted in a shady, rather moist situation, in the open border. The biennial and annual kinds only require to be sown in the open border, the greater part of them grow best in a damp situation, the seeds should be sown directly after they have ri- pened, or they may be allowed to sow themselves. They are all easily increased by seeds except Cochlearia armoracia and macrocdrpa, which do best by slips from the root, and some others of the perennial species which do not seed freely may be increased by dividing the plants at the root. Tribe III. THLASPFDE.ZE (plants agreeing in some important charac- ter with Thlaspi.) or PLEURORHI'Z.E (from TrXewpa, pleura, a side, and pifa, rhiza, a root ; radicle at side of cotyledons ; (f. 46. c. f. 45. g. d.} ANGUSTISEPT/E (from angustus, narrow, and septum, a dissepiment.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 372. prod. 1. p. 175. Silicle opening, with a very narrow dissepiment (f. 46. k. /.), and keeled navicular valves (f. 46. k. I. m. and ra.). Seeds oval (f. 46. 1.) sometimes margined (f. 46. n.~). Cotyledons flat, accumbent, contrary to the dissepiment (f. 46. k. f. 45. a. d.). A very dis- tinct tribe, and can only be confounded with Lepidinece, but from which it is easily distinguished by the much compressed seeds and accumbent cotyledons. * Cells of silicles from 2 to many-seeded. XXXVI. THLA'SPI (from 0Xaui, thlao, to compress ; seeds compressed.) Dill. fl. giss. gen. nov. p. 123. t. 6. Vent. tab!. 3. p. 110. Thlaspi spec. Lin. Juss. Lam. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculosa. Silicle emarginate at the apex, (f. 46. k. Z.) with navicular valves which are winged at the back (f. 46. L). Cells 2 or many-seeded (f. 46. I.) Petals equal. Calyx equal at the base. Perennial or annual branched, erect, smooth herbs with entire or toothed leaves, radical ones usually stalked, cauline ones stem-clasping. Racemes terminal ; pedicels bractless. Flowers of all white. SECT. I. PACHYPHRA'GMA (from na^ye, pachys, thick, ^pay^a, phragma, a dissepiment.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 373. prod. 1. p. 175. Silicle broad, emarginate. Style none. Dissepiment thick, double, furnished with 3 longitudinal plaits. Seeds 4, not stri- ated (f. 46. k.). 1 T. LATIFOLIUM (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 99. supp. p. 430.) radical leaves on long footstalks, cordate, repand-toothed, cauline ones ovate-cordate, on short foot-stalks. 2£. H. Native of Iberia, in woods, also in the north of Caucasus. T. macrophy'l- lum, Hoffm. comm. soc. phys. med. mosc. 1. p. 7. Lepia lati- folia, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 166. Pterolobium Biebersteinii, Andrz. cruc. ined. Flowers largish. Petals cuneated, blunt, 3- times longer than the calyx. Deless. icon. sel. 2. p. 51 . (f. 46. k.}. Broad-leaved Bastard-Cress. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1822. PI. £ to 1 foot. SECT. II. CARPOCERAS (from icapiroc, karpos, a fruit, and KEpaj, keras, a horn ; valves horned.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 374. prod. 1. p. 175. Valves expanded at end into a wing resem- bling a horn. Seeds 4, striated. Dissepiment membranous, oblong. 2 T. CERATOCA'RPON (Murr. comm. goett. 1774. p. 26. t. 1.) radical leaves somewhat stalked, obovate-oblong, cauline ones hastate, stem-clasping, with acute auricles. O- H. Native of Siberia, in salt fields, in plenty between the Belokamenskoi sta- tion and Fort Seven-Palace. Capsella cornigera, Medik. in Ust. new. ann. 2. p. 46. Th. cornutum, Clairv. herb. val. 214. Lepidium ceratocarpon, Pall. Flowers small white. Fructife- rous pedicels, filiform. Horned-podded Bastard-Cress. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1771). PL 1 to li foot. SECT. III. NOMISMA (from vop.iaf.ia., nomisma, a piece of money ; in allusion to the form of the silicles as well as the names of Th. arvensis, money-wort, monnoyere, Fr.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 375. prod. 1. p. 175. Valves with a wing along the whole back. Seeds numerous, striated. CRUCIFER/E. XXXVI. THLASPI. 191 3 T. ARVE'NSE (Lin. spec. 901.) leaves oblong, toothed, stems erect ; pods obovately-orbicular, shorter than the pedicels. Q. H. Native throughout Euro e, in cultivated or waste fields, and probably has been introduced to many countries with wheat. In England, but not common, particularly in Essex, Suffolk, and Staffordshire. Fl. dan. t. 793. Curt. fl. lond. 6. t. 43. Smith, eng. bot. t. 1659. Schkuhr. hanb. 2. no. 1789. t. 180. Boiss. fl. europ. t. 440. f. 2. Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 438. Flowers small, white. Odour of plant when bruised somewhat allia- ceous. Corn-field Penny-Cress. Fl. May, July. England. PI. i to 1 foot. 4 T. BAICALE'NSE (D. C. syst. 2. p. 376.) leaves oblong, grossly toothed ; stems erect ; pods orbicular, longer than the pedicels. O- H. Native of Siberia, beyond the Baical, and on the shores of the Baical lake. This is perhaps only a variety of Th. arvense. Baical Bastard Penny-Cress. Fl. May, Jul. PI. % to £ foot. 5 T. COLLI'NUM (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 99.) leaves oblong, toothed, cauline ones linear-sagittate, upright; stems diffuse, somewhat ascendant; pods almost orbicular, ©. H. Native of Armenia and Iberia on Mount Alwar, about the metal mines. Th. nemorosum, Adami, Hoffm. cat. hort. mosc. 1808. no. 3249. Very near Th. arvense. Hill Penny-Cress. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. PI. | tof foot. SECT. IV. NEURO'TROPIS (from vevpov, neuron, a nerve, and rpoTric, tropis, a keel ; wings of pod circumscribed by a nerve.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 377. prod. 1. p. 176. Silicle orbicular, emar- ginate, with a narrow recess. Back of valves expanded into a broad wing, which is circumscribed by a nerve. Seeds numer- ous, not striated. 6 T. ORBICULA'TUM (Stev. in litt. and D.C. syst. 2. p. 377.) superior leaves quite entire, stem-clasping ; pods orbicular. ©. H. Native of Iberia. Seeds oblong, compressed, rufous. Or&icutar-podded Bastard-Cress. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. PI. | to 4 foot. 7 T. UMBELLA'TUM (Stev. in D. C. syst. 2. p. 377.) leaves ovate, toothed ; radical ones somewhat stalked, cauline ones half stem-clasping; pods obcordate. 0. H. Native of Persia, in the province of Ghilan. Umbellate-fioviered. Bastard-Cress. PI. -J foot. 8 T. PROCU'MBENS (Lapeyr. abr. 366.) leaves sinuately pin- natifid, or almost entire ; .petals hardly larger than the calyx ; pods 10-12-seeded, blunt at both extremities; stigma sessile. Q. H. Native among rubbish on the sea-side, as well as on the sides of roads, or paths about salt pans or pits, or any place where salt is made in Spain, South of France, Piedmont, Tauria, Island of Cyprus, &c. Lepidium procumbens, Lin. spec. 898. Hil. veg. syst. 11. t. 42. f. 1. Lepidium pusillum, var. o, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 468. Hutchinsia procumbens, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 168. Stem procumbent. This is evidently a true Lepidium. Far. /3, erectiuscula (D.C. syst. 2. p. 391.) steins erectish. Native of Syria. Var. y, integrifblia (D. C. 1. c.) leaves entire, or sparingly cut. Native of Slarseilles. Procumbent-stemmed Bastard-Cress. Fl. March, May.' Clt. 1819. PI. procumbent SECT. V. PTERO'TROPIS (from irrepov, pteron, a wing, and rpoiric, tropis, a keel ; valves of pods furnished with winged keels.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 377. prod. 1. p. 176. Silicle somewhat obovate, emarginate or truncate. Valves furnished with a wing the whole length on the back (f. 46. /.), but the wings are not mar- gined with a nerve as in the preceding section. Seeds not striated. 9 T. ALLIA'CEUM (Lin. spec. 901.) leaves oblong, blunt, somewhat toothed, lower ones stalked, upper ones sagittate, stem- clasping, with acute auricles ; pods obovate, ventricose ; stigma almost sessile. 0. H. Native throughout middle and south Europe, in cultivated fields. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. 1. 121. Flowers a little smaller than those of Th. arvense, and the pods are almost one half smaller. Th. arvense, (3 minor, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 464. Plant when bruised smelling of garlic. Gar/z'c-scented Bastard-Cress. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1714. PI. | to £ foot. 10 T. PERFOLIA^TUM (Lin. spec. 902.) leaves somewhat tooth- ed, radical ones stalked ; cauline ones cordate, stem-clasping ; stem branched ; petals equal in length with the calyx ; pods ob- cordate, 8 -seeded ; stigma almost sessile. Q. H. Native of Portugal, Spain, France, Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Podolia, Greece, &c. in cultivated fields, especially on a chalky soil ; in England, abundant among stone-pits, about Burford, Ox- fordshire, but it is not known to be found any where else in Bri- tain. Jacq. aust. t. 337. Smith, eng. bot. t. 2354. Th. alpestre, Huds. angl, 282. Var. /3, simplicissimum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 379.) stems simple, strict, striated from the base. Q. H. Native of the north of Persia, about Lenckeran. Perfoliate-leaved Bastard-Cress. Fl. April, July. England. PI. | foot. 11 T. MONTA'NUM (Lin. spec. 902.) leaves somewhat fleshy, entire, radical ones obovate, stalked ; cauline ones oblong, sagit- tate, stem-clasping ; petals larger than the calyx ; pods obcor- date, 4-seeded ; style filiform. 1£. H. Native of Europe from Spain to Podolia, and from Sicily to Holland, on mountains. Jacq. aust. t. 237. Bois. fl. eur. t. 441. f. 1. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1794. t. 180. Lepidium thlaspidioides, Pall. itin. 3. p. 161. Th. spatulatum, Gater. fl. montanb. 115. Far. (3,pra;*cox (Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 124. t. 9.) differing from the species by the plant being a little more glaucous, and with the radical leaves crenated at the top. Draba carnica, Scop. Var. •/, alplnum (Jacq. aust. 3. t. 238.) style longer, exceed- ing the ovary, and almost equalling the length of the pod. Mountain Bastard-Cress. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1808. PI. •f to £ foot. 12 T. ALPE'STRE (Lin. spec. 903.) leaves entire, radical ones ovate, stalked, cauline ones sagittate, stem-clasping ; petals nearly as long as the calyx; pods obcordate, 8 to 12-seeded ; style filiform. I/ . H. Native of the Pyrenees, Cevennes, Car- pathian mountains, France, Spain, &c. in mountain pastures and meadows ; in the north of England, among lime-stone rocks and lead mines ; about Settle and Malham, Yorkshire. At Mat- lock Bath, Derbyshire. Smith, eng. bot. t. 81. Th. caerules- cens, Presl. fl. cech. p. ? Th. montanum, Huds. angl. 282. Th. praevcox, Schleich. pi. helv. Alpine Bastard-Cress. Fl. Ju. Jul. England. PI. i foot. 13 T. HETEROPHY'LLUM (D.C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 712.) radical leaves stalked, spreading, entire, toothed, or lyrate, cau- line ones erect, cordately-sagittate ; petals almost equal with the calyx. 1£ . H. Native of the Pyrenees, on the borders of Spain. Flowers a little smaller than those of Th. alpestre. Variable-leaved Bastard-Cress. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ foot. 14 T. MAGELLA'NICUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 189.) radical leaves oval, stalked, almost entire, cauline ones oblong-sessile ; petals nearly equal with the calyx ; pods oblong, truncately-emarginate, 8-seeded ; style short. If. . ? H. Native of the rocks of Magel- lan at the places called by French travellers Baie Duclos, and Baie Boucaut. Flowers small, white. Seeds oval-oblong, rufous, compressed, not striated. Magellan Bastard-Cress. PI. ^ foot. 15 T. COCHLEARIFO'RME (D. C. syst. 2. p. 381.) leaves 192 CRUCIFER^E. XXXVI. THLASPI. XXXVII. HUTCHINSIA. somewhat fleshy, radical ones stalked, ovate, somewhat toothed, cauline ones cordate, stem-clasping ; petals larger than the calyx ; pods oblong, somewhat emarginate, 8-seeded (f. 46. I.} ; style short, filiform. 1£. H. Native of Siberia and Dauria, on the tops of the mountains. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 52. Flowers very like those of Th. montanum. Scurvy-grass-like Bastard-Cress. Fl. Jul. PL ^ to •§ foot. f Species not sufficiently known. 16 TH.? SAMOLIFO'LIUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 382.) leaves ovate, blunt, quite entire, lower ones on short foot-stalks ; petals emar- ginate. Native of Cappadocia. Alyssum samolifolium, Desf. choix. cor. p. 66. t. 49. Flowers white, about the size of those of Berterba incana. Very like Th. montdnum. Samolus-leaved Bastard-Cress. PL 1 to 1^ feet. 17 T. TUBERosuM(Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 65.) leaves rhomboid- ovate, obsoletely toothed, sessile, radical ones on long footstalks ; stem pubescent ; root tuberous. 3/ . H. Native on the western side of Pennsylvania. Flowers largish, rose-coloured. Pods orbicular, short. Tuberous-rooted Bastard-Cress. Fl. Apr. May. PL ^ to i ft. 1ST. SCHRA'NCKII (Schult. fl. aust. p. 83.) leaves somewhat hispid, entire, radical ones stalked, cauline ones stem-clasping ; calyx shorter than the petals; pods obcordate. Native of Austria on walls along with the Capsella Bursa-fastoris. Schranck's Bastard-Cress. FL May, July. PL |- to 1 foot. 19 T. SCAPIFLO'RUM (Viv. fl. cors. app. in Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 503.) leaves all radical, on long stalks, roundish-oblong, quite entire, smoothish ; silicles elliptical, slightly emarginated ; style elongated. 7£? H. Native of Corsica. Flowers white ? Scape-flowered Bastard-Cress. PL 1 inch. Cult. The species of this genus are hardly worth cultivating except in general collections, as in botanical gardens. The pe- rennial species may be grown on rock-work or in borders ; they are readily increased by seeds. The biennial and annual sorts may be either sown on rock-work or in open borders. All the species succeed best in a light sandy soil. XXXVII. HUTCHI'NSIA (in honour of Miss Hutchins of Belfast, to whom Sir James Smith was indebted for many communications on submarine plants, during the progress of " English Botany"). R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 1812. vol. 4. p. 82. but not of Agard'h. D. C. syst. 2. p. 384. prod. 1. p. 177. LIN. SYST. Tetradyndmia Siliculbsa. Silicle elliptical, with navicular wingless valves. Cells 2-seeded, rarely many-seeded. Calyx equal at the base. Petals equal. Herbs small, perennial, rarely annual, many-stemmed, those with entire leaves have pur- plish flowers, those with pinnate-lobed leaves have small white flowers. Racemes terminal, erect ; pedicels filiform, bractless, spreading. Flowers never yellow. Lower leaves opposite. SECT. I. IBERIDE'LLA (a diminutive of Iberis ; like). D. C. syst. 2. p. 385. prod. 1. p. 177. Style filiform. Leaves entire or toothed. Flowers purplish, resembling those of Iberis. 1 H. ROTUNDIFO'LIA (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 82.) leaves somewhat fleshy, quite entire ; lower ones stalked, obovate ; cauline ones ovate-oblong, somewhat stem-clasping ; stamens, pe- tals, and style one-half shorter than the pod. I/ . H. Native of Provence, Dauphiny, Piedmont, Switzerland, Germany, Carniola, Carinthia, Transylvania, near the snow among stones and in the fissures of rocks in the Alps. Iberis rotundifolia, Lin. spec. 905. Scop. earn. no. 805. t. 37.— All. ped. spec. 27. t. 4. f. 1. Iberis repens, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 674. Lepidium rotundifolium, All. pedm. flor. 1. p. 252. t. 55. f. 2. Noccse'a rotundifolia, Moench. suppl. 89. Stems many, weak, prostrate, or ascendant. Flower from white to purplish. Seeds 2 or 3 in each cell, alter- nate, pendulous. Round-leaved Hutchinsia. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1759. PL 2 to 3 inches. 2 H. CEPEJEFO'LIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 386.) leaves somewhat fleshy, lower ones stalked, oblong-obovate, denticulated at the apex, cauline ones oblong ; stamens shorter than the corolla ; style 3-times shorter than the pod. I/ . H. Native of Carin- thia in the valley called Rabl, also in the Apennines, where it flowers immediately on the melting of the snow. Iberis cepeae- folia, Wulf. in Jacq. misc. 2. p. 28. t. 1. Very like H. rutun- difolia both in habit and character. Flowers pink or purplish. Cepcea-leaved Hutchinsia. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1821. PL 2 to 4 inches. 3 H. FYGM«vA(Viv. fl. cors. app. in Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 503.) plant smooth ; leaves fleshy ; radical ones coarsely and obsoletely toothed or quite entire, tapering into the petiole, cauline ones sessile, half-stem-clasping ; silicic elliptical, trun- cate, bluntly emarginate ; style very short, permanent. If.. H. Native of Corsica. Flowers white or purplish. Pygmy Hutchinsia. PL 1 inch. 4 H. PI/MILA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 386.) leaves somewhat fleshy, lower ones on long foot-stalks, oval, entire, cauline ones oblong, acutely-sagittate at the base ; stamens, corolla, and style much shorter than the pod. If. . H. Native of Eastern Caucasus on Alp Schadagh. Iberis pumila, Stev. mem. soc. nat. mosc. 3. p. 269. Pods narrowed at both ends. Stems many, prostrate, or ascendant. Dwarf Hutchinsia. FL April, June. Clt. 1821. PL 1 to 2 in. 5 H. STYLO'SA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 387.) leaves somewhat fleshy, lower ones stalked, obovate-oblong, almost entire, cauline ones oblong ; stamens, petals, and style about the length of the pod. $ . H. Native of Naples on the higher mountains, especially in Abruzzo. Iberis stylosa, Tenore, prod. fl. neap. 37. Thlaspi minimum, Arduin, specim. 2. p. 37. t. 15. f. 1. ? Flowers white, corymbose. Stems many, erect. Long-styled Hutchinsia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1821. PL 1 in. 6 H. BREVI'STYLA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 387.) leaves somewhat fleshy, stalked, obovate, somewhat toothed ; pods oblong, trun- cately-emarginate ; style very short. T£ . H. Native of the mountains of Syria. Flowers small, white. • Petals oblong-cu- neated, blunt, almost truncate. Pods obovately-cuneated, trun- cately-emarginate at the top ; seeds 4 in each cell. A tufted plant, with rather woody roots. Short-styled Hutchinsia. Fl. April, Ju. Clt. 1825. PL 1 in. 7 H. TRINE'RVIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 387.) leaves quite entire, 3 -nerved, oval-oblong, sessile, somewhat cordate, stem-clasping at the base. Jj . If. . H. Native of Persia on Mount Elwend. Flowers from white to purplish. Valves keeled. A plant with a woody root and many erect stems, which are somewhat shrubby at the base. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 53. Three-nerved-lenved Hutchinsia. PL ^ to 1 foot. 8 H. HASTULA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 388.) leaves cordately- hastulate at the base, ovate-oblong, somewhat denticulated and half-stem-clasping ; pods elongated, truncate at the top. 11 . H. Native of Hyrcania and of the north of Persia in the province of Ghilan near Lenckeran. Thlaspi hastulatum, Stev. in litt.— Gmel. sib. 254. t. 56. f. 1. A smooth, somewhat glaucous herb, with erectish stems.- Flowers white, suffused with red. Size and habit of//, rotundifolia. Hastulate-\eaved Hutchinsia. PI. -| to 1 foot long. SECT. II. NASTURTIOLUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 388. prod. 1. p. 178.) Leaves pinnatc-lobed. Flowers small, white. Like Draba and Teesdalia. 9 H. CALYCI'NA (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 168.) leaves pinnate- CRUCIFEILE. XXXVII. HUTCHINSIA. XXXVIII. TEESDALIA. XXXIX. PLATYSPERMUM. XL. IBERIS. 193 parted, and are as well as erect stems pubescent ; calyx per- manent ; pods oblong, narrowed at both ends, and pointed by the style. If.. H. Native of Siberia on the Altaian mountains, and of North America. Hook, fl. bor. amer. t. 17. B. Lepi- dium calyclnum, Steph. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 433. Petals white, oblong, twice the length of the calyx, rarely deciduous. Calycine Hutchinsia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1819. PI. 2 or 3 in. 10 H. ALPI NA (B. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 82.) leaves pinnate-parted, smooth ; petals twice the length of deci- duous calyx ; pods acute at both ends ; style very short, ex- serted. if. H. Native of the Pyrenees, Apennines, Mount Baldo, Carpathian mountains, &c. on rather moist rocks. Le- pidium alpinum, Lin. amoen. 4. p. 321. Jacq. aust. 2. t. 137. Schrank, fl. mon. 3. t. 216. Lepidium Halleri, Crantz. austr. 1. p. 8. t. 1. f. 3. Draba nasturtiolum, Scop. earn. ed. 2. no. 791. Draba alpina, Baumg. fl. transylv. 2. p. 232. but not of Lin. Seeds 2 in each cell. Flowers white. Alpine Hutchinsia. Fl. April, Ju. Clt. 1775. PI. 2 or 3 in. 11 H. PETIUEA (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 82.) leaves pinnate parted, smooth ; petals hardly longer than the calyx ; pods 4-seeded, blunt at both ends ; stigma sessile. Q. $ . H. Native of rocky places from Spain to Sweden, and from England to Laconia and Arcadia, also in the south of Tauria. In England on limestone rocks and walls, particularly on the rocks about Goram's chair, and on St. Vincent's Rocks, near Bristol ; at Uphill, Somersetshire ; on a limestone wall 2 miles from Pembroke, and in various other parts of Wales, and of the mountainous limestone districts of Yorkshire. Hook, fl. lond. t. 31. Lepidium petraeum, Lin. spec. 899. Jacq. austr. 2; 1. 131. Smith, engl. bot. t. 111. Bois. fl. eur. t. 440. f. 1. Lepidium Linnsei. Crantz. austr. 9. t. 2. f. 4. & 5. Lepidium pusillum. Var. /3. Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 468. Stems erect or tufted, or somewhat decumbent. Flowers white very minute. Rock Hutchinsia. Fl. Mar. Apr. Engl. PL 2 or 3 inches. 12 H. BREVICAU'LIS (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 863.) leaves lyrately- pinnate ; leaflets obovate ; petals larger than the deciduous calyx ; silicles obovate-oblong, obtuse, destitute of the style. 11. H. Native of the Alps of Carinthia. Lepidium brevicaule, Hoppe. Flowers white ? Short-stemmed Hutchinsia. PL ^ foot. Cult. These pretty little plants are well adapted for rock- work or to be grown in small pots (well drained with potsherds) and placed among other alpine plants. The annual and biennial species should all be sown on rock- work or in a dry situation in autumn or early in spring, or they may be allowed to scatter themselves, which is the best mode. The perennial kinds, which are recommended to be grown in pots, or on rock-work, do best in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat. They may be either in- creased by dividing the plants at the root or by seeds, which ripen in plenty, or cuttings will root freely, planted under a hand-glass. XXXVIII. TEESDA'LIA (named after Robert Teesdale, author of a catalogue of plants growing about Castle Howard, published in the Linnsean Transactions, vol. 2.) R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 83. Smith in Lin. soc. trans. II. p. 283. D. C. syst. 2. p. 391. prod. 1. p. 178. Guepmia, Bast, suppl. 35. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculosa. Silicle oval, emarginate at the top, with navicular valves. Cells 2-seeded. Stamens each furnished with a scale on the inside at the base. Small, annual, smooth herbs with rosulate, expanded, stalked, pinnate- lobed radical leaves, and with many leafless simple scapes rising from the neck. Racemes terminal, at time of flowering corym- bose, afterwards elongated ; pedicels filiform, bractless, spread- ing. Flowers small, white. 1 T. IBERIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 392.) petals unequal, outer VOL. I. PART III. ones largest. Q. H. Native of dry, barren, gravelly fields in many parts of Europe, especially in the Morea, France, Ger- many, Denmark, and Sweden. In England about London, Norwich, and Bury, in Worcestershire and Cumberland, near Sheffield. In corn-fields near Easinwold, Yorkshire, in several parts of the Lowlands of Scotland. Abundant in Anglesea. Teesdalia nudicaulis, R. Br. 1. c. Iberis nudicaulis, Lin. spec. 907. Oed. fl. dan. 323. Smith, engl. bot. t. 327. Sturn. fl. germ. icon. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1774. t. 179. Iberis bur- sifolia, Berg. phyt. icon. Thlaspi nudicaulis, D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 708. 76em-like or Irregular-flowered Teesdalia. Fl. May. Britain. PI. 1 to 2 inches. 2 T. LEPI'DIUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 392.) petals equal. Q. H. Native of sandy, sterile, somewhat wooded places throughout the south of Europe, especially in Portugal and Spain in elevated fields about Madrid, above the monastery of St. Bernard. About Montpelier and in Lower Dauphiny, also in Mauritania. Lepidium nudicaule, Lin. spec. 898. Thlaspi nudicaule, Desf. atl. 2. p. 67. Teesdalia regularis, Smith in Lin. trans. II. p. 283. — Magn. monsp. 186 and 187. icon. Stamens usually 4, rarely 6. Var. /3, integrifolia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 393.) leaves entire, not pinnate. Native of Spain and Sardinia. Var. 7, acutiloba (D. C. 1. c.) leaves more oblong, with 3 or 4 acute lateral lobes or teeth, and an elongated, acuminate ter- minal one. Native of the island of Scio. Lepidmm-\\\ie or Regular-flowered Teesdalia. FL Feb. May. Clt. 1818. PL 1 to 2 inches. Cult. These pretty little annuals should be sown on rock- work or in a dry sandy situation, and the seeds may afterwards be allowed to scatter themselves. XXXIX. PLATYSPE'RMUM (from TrXarvc, plalys, broad, and o-TTtpyua, sperma, a seed ; seeds broad). Hook. fl. bor. amer. t. 18. B. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculosa. Silicle elliptical, with navicular valves, terminated by a short, blunt stigma ; cells 4-5- seeded ; seeds nearly orbicular, flat, cordate at the base, edged with a broad wing. A small annual plant with radical runcinate leaves, and 1 -flowered radical pedicels. Stamens naked. Petals and sepals about equal in length. 1 P. SCAPI'OERUM (Hook. 1. c.). Q. H. Native of North America on the western coast. Scape-bearing Platyspermum. PL 2-3 inches. Cult. A trifling little plant of easy culture, well adapted for rock-work, where the seeds may be sown. * * Cells of silicle I -seeded. XL. IBE'RIS (from the country called Iberia, now Spain ; most of the species grow in such climates). Lin. gen. no. 804. Gscrt. fruct. 2. p. 279. D. C. syst. 2. p. 398. prod. 1. p. 178. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculosa. Petals 4, 2 outer ones largest. Silicle much compressed, truncately emarginate. Seeds ovate, pendulous. Herbs or sub-shrubs. Stems round, usually smooth, sometimes fleshy. Leaves alternate, linear, or obovate, entire, toothed, or pinnatifid, sometimes thickish. Racemes sometimes elongated, sometimes corymbose when in flower, after- wards elongated, and sometimes, even after flowering, corym- bosely-umbellate ; pedicels bractless. Flowers either white or purplish, never yellow ; the outer flowers of the corymb are much more irregular than the inner ones. SECT. I. IBERI'DIUM (altered from Iberis). D. C. prod. 1. p. 179. Radicle descending. Seed not margined. Dissepiment simple. Cc 194. CRUCIFERjE. XL. IBERIS. § 1. Suffruticbso-corymbosa. Fructiferous pedicels corym- bose. Stems suffruticose. Evergreen plants. 1 I. CONTRA'CTA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 186.) frutescent, smooth; stem erect, elongated ; leaves linear, somewhat cuneated, toothed ; pods crowded, umbellate. Tj . H. Native of Spain and Por- tugal. Fructiferous corymbs very much contracted. Flowers white. Var. ft, ciliolata (D. C. syst. 2. p. 405.). I. fruticosa, foliis oblongis, crassis, &c. Ant. Juss. in herb. Juss. Leaves evi- dently ciliated at the base. Perhaps a proper species. D. C. 1. c. Contrai ted-corymbed Candy-Tuft. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1824. PL 1 tol| foot. 2 I. PRUI'TI (Tineo. pug. sic. 1. p. 11. no. IX.) stems suf- fruticose at the base, smooth ; leaves obovate-spatulate, entire, or somewhat toothed ; pods emarginate, somewhat corymbose. 11 . Jj . H. Native of Sicily on the Nebrode mountains. Very like Iberis Tenoreana, but differing in the leaves being very smooth, not ciliated, and the flowers pure white ; silicles dis- posed in very short, much-crowded racemes. Pruitian Candy-Tuft. PI. i foot. 3 I. TENOREA'NA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 404.) stems suffrutescent at the base ; leaves somewhat fleshy, crenated, lower ones obovate, narrowed at the base and ciliated, upper ones oblong-linear ; pods emarginate, somewhat corymbose. Tj.H. Native of Naples near St. Angelo and on Mount Vellino in Abruzzo. Sweet, brit. fl. gard. t. 88. bot. mag. t. I. cepeffifolia, Tenore, prod, fl. nap. p. 37. but not of Lin. Flowers purplish or whitish, umbellate. Stems ascendant. A beautiful plant. Tenore' s Candy-Tuft. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1822. PI. \ ft. § 2. Herbaceo-corymbbsa. Fructiferous pedicels corymbose. Stems herbaceous. Annual or biennial plants. 4 I. SPATULA' TA (Berg. phyt. icon. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 716.) herbaceous, smooth ; leaves spatulate, entire, rather fleshy ; pods corymbose, emarginate, with an acute, narrow notch. ©. H. Native of the Pyrenees in calcareous stony places, irrigated at certain seasons from the melting of snow. Iberis cepeaefolia, Pourr. act. toul. 3. p. 321. but not of Wulf. Iberis rotundifolia, Lam. diet. 3. p. 221. but not of Lin. Iberis carnosa, 'Willd. spec. 3. p. 455. Flowers purplish. Seed thick, rufous-brown. SjMtulate-leaved Candy-Tuft. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt. 1820. PL £ ft. 5 I. NA'NA (All. auct. p. 15. t. 2. f. 1.) herbaceous, smooth ; leaves roundish-spatulate, entire, somewhat fleshy ; pods corym- bose, emarginate, with a broadish blunt notch. $ . H. Native on rocky mountains in Piedmont, Dauphiny, Provence, &c. Iberis Aurosica, Vill. delph. 1. p. 349. 3. p. 289. Flowers purple. Petioles never ciliated as in the preceding plant. Dwarf Candy-Tuft. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822. PL i foot. 6 I. VIOLA'CEA (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 85.) herbaceous, smoothish ; leaves stalked, spatulate, blunt, toothed, or quite entire, ciliated ; corymbs somewhat umbellate ; calyx hairy on the back. Q. H. Native of ? Flowers violet. Violet-colour^ Candy-Tuft. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1782. PL | ft. 7 I. TAU'RICA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 402.) herbaceous, smoothish ; leaves ciliated, somewhat fleshy, lower ones spatulate, somewhat bidentate at the apex, upper ones linear ; pods corymbose, emar- ginate ; lobules of pod blunt, shorter than the style. $ . H. Na- tive of Tauria and Caucasus on stony hills. Iberis ciliata, Willd. spec. 3. p. 445. but not of All. Iberis simplex, D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 597. Thlaspi saxatile, Habl. taur. p. 157. Very like Iberis amdra and /. ciliata. Flowers white. Leaves ciliated. Taurian Candy-Tuft. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1802. PL £ to f ft. 8 I. CILIA'TA (All. auct. p. 15. but not of Willd.) herbaceous, smoothish ; leaves linear, entire, ciliated at the base ; pods co- rymbose, emarginate, lobules blunt, equal in length with the style. $ . H. Native of Nice and Provence, on rocks. Iberis Molinerii, Balb. cat. hort. taur. 1813. p. 43. Flowers nearly like those of Iberis pinnata, white. Ciliated-leaved Candy-Tuft. FLJu.Jul. Clt.1802. Pl.|tol ft. 9 I. LINIFO'LIA (Lin. spec. 905.) herbaceous, smooth ; leaves linear, quite entire, somewhat toothed ; pods corymbose, biden- tate. $ . H. Native of Nice, Provence, Dauphiny, Sicily, and Spain, &c. I. tenuifdlia, Presl. ex Spreng. — Garid. aix. 459. t. 105. Very like Iberis umbelluta. Flowers purplish. Far. p. albiflbra (Desf. in herb. mus. Paris). Flowers white. Flax-leaved Candy-Tuft. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1759. PL 1-2 ft. 10 I. UMBELLA'TA (Lin. spec. 906.) herbaceous, smooth; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, lower ones serrated, upper ones quite entire; pods umbellate, very acutely 2-lobed. O> H. Native of Italy, about Genoa, Sarzena, and Pisa ; in the island of Crete, and in Spain; on stony hills in sunny places. Curt. bot. mag. t. 106. Thlaspi umbellatum, Crantz. aust. 25. Iberis corymbosa, Mcench. meth. 269. Flowers purplish. Umbellate or Purple Candy-'Tuft. Fl. June, Aug. PL J to 1 ft. 111. LAGASCA'NA (D.C. syst. 2. p. 400.) herbaceous, pilosely- pubescent ; leaves oblong, somewhat spatulate, toothed at the top; pods somewhat corymbose, acutely 2-lobed. 0. H. Na- tive of Spain in mountainous places in the province of Valentia, and in the vicinity of Hellin in the province of Murcia. Iberis spatulata, Lag. fl. hisp. ined. but not of Berg. Flowers white? Lagasca's Candy-Tuft. Fl.Ju. Aug. Clt. 1822. PL £ foot. § 3. Herbaceo-racembsa. Fructiferous pedicels racemose. Stems herbaceous. Annual or biennial plants. 12 I. ODORA'TA (Lin. spec. 906.) herbaceous, smooth ; leaves linear, toothed, ciliated at the base, dilated at the top ; pods roundish, emarginate, lobes acute, spreading, shorter than the style. Q. H. Native of Crete. Sweet, br. fl. gard. t. 50. — Clus. hist. 2. p. 132. f. 1. Like Iberis pinnata. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Sweet-scented Candy-Tuft. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1806. PL | to 1ft. 13 I. PINNA' TA (Gouan. hort. monsp. 319.) herbaceous, smooth ; leaves pinnatifid ; racemes corymbose, but after flower- ing a little elongated. O- H. Native of Spain, south of France, and Italy, in corn-fields. — Lob. icon. t. 217. f. 2. — Dalech. higd. &52. f. 2. Flowers white, sweet-scented, corymbose. Calyx a little violaceous. Var. ft, crendta (Lam. diet. 3. p. 213.) leaves deeply-cre- nated. Pinnate-leaved Candy-Tuft. FL June, Aug. Clt. 1596. Pl.Jft. 141. INTERMEDIA (Guersent, in bull, philom. no. 82. t. 21.) herbaceous ; leaves lanceolate, smooth, blunt, entire, or the radical ones are a little toothed ; flowers finally racemose ; pods ovate, truncate, or very broadly emarginated. $ . H. Native on calcareous rocks along the Seine between Rouen and Due- lair. Intermediate between /. amdra and /. umbellala. Flowers white. Intermediate Candy-Tuft. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1823. PL J to 1 ft. 15 I. AMA RA (Lin. spec. 906.) herbaceous ; leaves lanceolate, acute, somewhat toothed ; flowers corymbose, finally racemose ; pods orbicular, narrowly emarginate. 0. H. Native of Europe, from Portugal to Germany, and from England to Italy, frequent among corn ; in England about Henley and other places in Ox- fordshire ; about Wallingford, Berkshire, undoubtedly wild. Smith, engl. bot. t. 52. Flowers white ; sepals with membra- nous margins. The whole plant has a nauseous bitter taste. Var. ft, ruficaulis (Lejeun. fl. spa. 2. p. 58.) leaves narrower, ciliated. Habit smal.'er. Stem villous with rufous down. Bitter Candy-Tuft. Fl. June, July. England. PL % to 1 foot. § 4. Frutescenti-racembsa. Fructiferous pedicels racemose. Stems frutescent. Evergreen plants. 1 CRUCIFERjE. XL. IBERIS. XLI. THYSANOCARPUS. 195 161. CONFE'RTA (Lag. varied. 2. no. 22. 1805. p. 213.) stem suffrutescent, dwarf; leaves subradical much crowded, somewhat linear, acute, smooth ; scape naked, racemiferous. Jj . H. Na- tive of Spain in the mountains of Leone, and among bushes near Arva. Flowers white, younger ones corymbose, afterwards becoming racemose. Stems diffuse, procumbent, glaucous, as well as younger leaves. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 54. CVon-rferf-leaved Candy-Tuft. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1824. PI. \ foot. 171. GARREXIA'NA (All. ped. no. 920. t. 40. f. 3. and t. 54. f. 2.) frutescent ; leaves oblong, narrowed at the base, blunt, quite entire, smooth ; flowers corymbose. ^ . H. Native of sunny mountainous stony places in Piedmont about Garrexius and Tenda, in the Apennines and in the eastern and central Pyrenees. Iberis sempervirens ft, Willd. spec. 3. p. 453. Iberis sempervirens, Lapeyr, abr. p. 370. — Barrel, icon. t. 734. — Mor. oxon. 2. p. 297. sect. 3. t. 18. f. 26. Flowers white. Inter- mediate between /. sempervirens and /. saxdtilis, with the character of the first, but assuming the habit of the latter. Stems branched. Garrexian Candy-Tuft. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. i to f ft. 18 I. SEMPERVIRENS (Lin. spec. 905.) frutescent; leaves ob- long, blunt, narrowed at the base, smooth ; flowers in long racemes ; pods emarginate, with a narrow notch. \i . H. Native of Crete on rocks. Smith, fl. grsec. t. 620. Ib. sempervirens var. ft, Lam. diet. 3. p. 220. var. y, Willd. spec. 3. p. 453.— Barrel, icon. t. 214. Flowers white. Evergreen Candy-Tuft. Fl. Ap. Ju. Clt. 1731. PI. i to 1 ft. 191. SUBVELUTI'NA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 397.) frutescent; leaves linear, acute, quite entire, somewhat velvety on both surfaces from short hairs ; flowers becoming racemose. Tj . H. Native of Spain in dry mountainous places about the town of Aranjuez and elsewhere. Iberis sempervirens, Lag. elench. hort. madr. p. 19. no. 253. Like /. sax&tilis and /. Garrexiana, Stems much branched. Flowers white. Velvety Candy-Tuft. Fl. April, June. PI. £ to 1 foot. 20 1. PUBE'SCENS (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 43.) frutescent ; leaves ciliated, blunt, linear-spatulate, lower ones toothed at the top ; flowers corymbose, afterwards becoming somewhat race- mose. Tj.H. Native of? Flowers shewy, pale-violet. Stems many, rising from the root, procumbent. Pubescent Candy-Tuft. Fl. Ap. June. Clt. 1821. PI. \ foot. 21 I. SAXA'TILIS (Lin. amcen. 4. p. 321.) frutescent; leaves linear, quite entire, somewhat fleshy, acute, ciliated; flowers corymbose. T?.H. Native of the south of Europe on hills in places exposed to the sun, particularly in the Pyrenees, Pro- vence, and Sicily, &c. Gouan. fl. monsp. p. 177. f. 1. Iberis Garrexiana, Scop. del. ins. 1. p. 16. t. 7. — Mor. oxon. 2. p. 298. sect. 3. t. 18. f. 31.— Garid. aix. p. 466. t. 101. Stems as- cendant. Flowers white. Rock Candy-Tuft. Fl. Ap. Ju. Clt. 1739. PL | to \ foot. 22 I. CORIFO'LIA (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 22.) frutescent ; leaves linear, very entire, somewhat fleshy, blunt, smooth ; flowers corymbose. J; . H. Native of Sicily on mount Ventosa. Iberis saxatilis ft, corifolia, Sims, bot. mag. t. 164.2. D. C. syst. 2. p. 396. — Clus. hist. 2. p. 1 32. icone, Iberis saxatilis, Lin. herb. Stems decumbent. Flowers white. Cons-leaved Candy-Tuft. Fl. Ap. Ju. Clt. 1739. PI. £ to | ft. 23 I. VERMICULA'TA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 454.) frutescent ; leaves linear, quite entire, somewhat fleshy, blunt, somewhat ciliated ; flowers corymbose ; lobes of pod bluntish and somewhat dilated. . H. Native of Tauria. Iberis saxatilis, Pall. Iberis saxa- tilis y, vermiculata, D. C. syst. 2. p. 396. Stems ascendant. Flowers white. Vermiculate-\ea.\e& Candy-Tuft. Fl. Ap. June. PI. £ to -| ft. 24 I. CAPPADO'CICA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 452.) frutescent ; leaves strigose, lower ones spatulate, upper ones linear acute ; flowers corymbose. ^ . H. Native of Cappadocia. Petals obovate, white. Flowers at first corymbose. Cappadocian Candy-Tuft. PI. \ foot. 25 I. GIBRALTA'RICA (Lin. spec. 905.) frutescent ; leaves wedge-shaped, blunt, somewhat toothed at the top, rather ciliat- ed ; flowers corymbose. ^ . G. Native of Gibraltar. Curt, bot. mag. t. 124. Iberis dentata, Moench. suppl. 88. Very like /. semperflorens. Leaves 2 inches long. Flowers white, with a few of them suffused with red. Gibraltar Candy-Tuft. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1732. PI. -| to f ft. SECT. II. IBERIDA'STRUM (altered from Iberis.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 181. Radicle horizontal : Seeds somewhat margined. Dis- sepiment almost double. Seed nearly as in Biscutella, and therefore perhaps a proper genus (Andrz.) but from its habit it is retained with Iberis. 26 I. SEMPERFLORENS (Lin. spec. 904.) frutescent; leaves cuneated or spatulate, rather fleshy, blunt, quite entire, smooth ; flowers corymbose ; pods truncate, and somewhat emarginate at the top, with obsolete lobules. Tj . G. Native of Sicily on rocks about Palermo, &c., and flowering throughout the year in its place of natural growth. I. cuneata, Moench. meth. 269. I. humilis, Presl. ex Spreng. — Weinm. phyt. t. 973. f. c. — Seba. thes. l.p. 2. t. 13. f. 4.— Bocc. sic. 55. t. 29. f. a. j.— Mor. oxon. 2. t. 25. f. 5. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Ever-flowering Candy-Tuft. Fl.Jan.Dec. Clt.1679. PI. lor 2 ft. •}• Species not sufficiently known, 27 I. ? LINEARIFO'LIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 405.) smooth; stem erect ; leaves linear, quite entire ; pods bifid, racemose. — Native of New Holland at Swan River Lepia linifolia, Desv. jour, bot. 3. p. 166 and 181. Flower white ? Linear-leaved Candy-Tuft. PI. 1 foot? 28 I. PYRENA'ICA (Lapeyr. abr. pyr. 370.) herbaceous, smooth ; leaves elliptical, quite entire, lower ones opposite; pods broadly emarginate, racemose. Q . H. Native of the Pyrenees in the valley Gistain, near Sin. Flowers numerous, naked, white, racemose. Stem reddish, branched, erect. Pyrenean Candy-Tuft. Fl. June, July. PI. £ to 1 foot. Cult. The whole of the species of this genus are very orna- mental, and deserve to be cultivated in every garden. The annual and biennial sorts may be all sown in open flower- borders, where they will flower and ripen their seed : if sown at several different times through the summer a succession of flowers may be kept up, until the frost destroys them. Many of the species will continue to bloom throughout a mild winter, if the seeds are sown in August. The shrubby species are well adapted for ornamenting rock-work, or the front of flower-bor- ders, as they flower profusely. Cuttings of these will root freely if planted under a hand-glass in common garden mould, or they may be increased by seeds. The two green-house species I. Gibraltdrica and /. semperflorens, grow freely in any light rich soil, and young cuttings planted in the same sort of soil un- der a hand-glass will root freely. XLI. THYSANO'CARPUS (from Qvaavoy, %«zn H. Native of the north of Persia, in the plains adjacent to Caucasus, about Kitzjar, and about Astracan ; also in Iberia. Flowers small. Plant very variable in height. Dwarf Hedge-Mustard. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1818. PI. from £ to lj foot. 9 S. PALLA'SII (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 901.) stem branched; leaves all linear, quite entire, smooth, lower ones blunt, superior ones narrowed, acute ; calyx pilose ; siliques slender, erectly- spreading. 0. ? H. Native of Siberia. S. tenuifblium, Pall. in Willd. herb. Pallas's Hedge-Mustard. PL 1 foot. 10 S. KAHIKIR (Mart. ex. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 901.) stem slender, ascending, naked above ; leaves oblong-linear, acute, ta- pering to the base, almost quite entire, hairy ; racemiferous branches elongated ; calyx hispid ; petals linear ; siliques slender, elongated, smooth. ©.? H. Native of? Kahikir Hedge-Mustard. PL % foot. US. ATROVIRENS (Horn. ex. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 901.) stem diffusely branched ; leaves oblong, toothletted, auricled at the base, smooth ; petioles dilated at the base and stem-clasping ; siliques somewhat arched, smooth. O-?H. Native of China. Dark-green Hedge-Mustard. PL 1 foot. 12 S. NITIDULDM (Lag. ex. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 901.) stem ascending, rather simple, smooth, and leafless above ; leaves ob- long, deeply toothed, stalked ; racemes loose ; siliques on long stalks, smooth. O-?H. Native of Spain. Glistering Hedge-Mustard. PL 1 foot. 206 CRUCIFER.E. LVII. SISYMBRIUM. §. 2. Leaves pinnately-lobed ; lobes entire or toothed. 13 S. OBTUSA'NGULUM (Schleich. cat. p. 48.) leaves pinnate- parted ; lobes oval-oblong, blunt, sinuately-toothed, recesses roundish ; stems hispid at the base with reflexed hairs. Q . H. Native of Spain, France, Switzerland, and Piedmont, in sandy cultivated land, and among rubbish. Sinapis nasturtiifolia, Lam. diet. 4. p. 346. Sisymbrium jacobesefolium, Berg, phyton. icon. Sinapis HispSnica, Lam. fl. fr. 4. p. 645. Erysimum ob- tusangulum, Clairv. herb. val. 219. Eruca inodora, Bauh. hist. 2. p. 862. f. 3. Chabr. sciagr. 276. f. 6. Moris, oxon. 2. p. 229. sect. 3. t. 5. f. 10. Plant very variable in size and hairi- ness. Stem hispid at the base, with reflexed bristles, the rest pubescent or smooth. Var. ft, S. Icevigatum (Willd. spec. 3. p. 500.) stems smooth- ish at base, not hispid. Blunt-angled-\ea\ed. Sisymbrium. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 to li foot. 14 S. ACUTA'NGULUM (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 670.) stem and leaves smooth ; radical ones runcinate, cauline ones pinnatifid, lobes and recesses acute ; calyx much spreading ; pods rough. $ . H. Native of Piedmont, and also of the hills in the south of France and Liguria ; of the Pyrenees, Dauphiny, and Savoy, in rugged exposed places of valleys, and on low mountains. Erysimum Pyrenaicum, Vill. prosp. p. 39. t. 21. f. 2. Sinapis Pyrenatca, Lin. spec. 934-. Jacq. vind. 3. p. 50. t. 97. All. ped. no. 960. t. 55. f. 1. Sisymbrium Pyrenaicum, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 341. t. 38. not of Lin. S. sinapioides, R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 1812. vol. 4. p. 112. Stems sometimes rather pubescent; sparingly branched at the top. Pods slender, an inch long. Acute-angled-leaved. Sisymbrium. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1791. PI. 1 to li foot. 15 S. TARAXACIFOLIUM (D.C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 670. icon, rar. gall. p. 1 1 . t. 37.) leaves runcinately-pinnate-lobed ; lobes and recesses acute ; pods declinate, smooth ; calyx erectish. $ . H. Native of the Mountains of Provence. Flowers very small, but the petals are, nevertheless, longer than the calyx. Pods usually declinate. Var. ft, S. contortum (Cav. from Willd. enum. 678.) differing from the species in the stems being much more hispid at the base ; radical leaves hispid, and the cauline ones less strictly erect. J'ar. y, S. ajfine (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 44.) calyx more spreading, with the leaves of S. taraxacifolium and the calyx of S. Austriacum. Dandelion-leaved Sisymbrium. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 to li foot. 16 S. AUSTRI'ACUM (Jacq. aust. 3. t. 262.) stem, pods, and leaves smooth ; radical leaves runcinate, cauline ones cut or pin- natifid ; lobes and recesses acute ; calyx spreading. $ . H. Native of rugged exposed places, and among rubbish on hills, and in valleys in the south of France, Piedmont, Switzerland and Germany. S. multisiliqttosum, Hoffm. germ. 4. p. 50. S. compressum, Mcench. suppl. 83. Var. ft, S. Eckartsbcrgense (Willd. spec. 3. p. 502.) pods de- flexed, spreading. Var. y, S. erysimifblium (Pourr. act. toul. 3. p. 329.) pods erect. Var. S, S. Tillieri (Bell. ined. Willd. spec. 3. p. 497.) Per- haps differing from all, in the pods being longer, the radical leaves more crowded, and fewer stem ones. Austrian Hedge-Mustard. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1799. PI. li to 2 feet. 17 S. TRIO (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 270.) stem and leaves smooth; leaves runcinately-pinnatifid ; lobes toothed, terminal lobe elon- , gated; calyx and pods spreading, erect. Q. H. Native of 1 waste grounds, or on banks and heaps of rubbish : plentiful in the neighbourhood of London. At Faulkbourn, Essex, and on the walls of Berwick-upon-Tweed. It covered the ground in the spring, after the great fire of London. Haller records the same tendency in Sisymbrium Officinarum (Smith). From Greece to Tauria, and from Spain and Sicily to Sweden. Jacq. aust. t. 322. Curt. fl. lond. 5. t. 48. Smith, engl. hot. t. 1631. S. glabrum, Willd. enum. suppl. 44. S. erysimastrum a, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 521. Herb with the hot flavour of mustard. Var. ft, S. glabrum (Jacq. hort. vind. from Schrad. spec, sice.) lower leaves lyrate, witli the terminal lobe rounder than in var. a. Var. y, i>. pinnatifidtcm (Forsk. fl. arab. CXVI.) pods and pedicels one-half shorter than in the species. Native of Arabia Felix, in the mountains of Hadio. Var. S, S. Gdllicum (Willd. enum, 678.) stem pubescent at the base. Irio, London- Rocket, or Broad-leaved Hedge-Mustard. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 18 S. NI'TIDUM (Zea. in Desf. cat. hort. paris, 1815. p. 153.) smooth ; lower leaves lyrate, repand-toothed, upper ones hastate, angular, running into the foot-stalk at the base ; pods sessile, filiform, spreading, rather incurved. Q. H. Native of Spain. S. Zese, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 904. Flowers small, yellow, not white. Seeds small, pale, oval, compressed. Very like S. Irio. Shining Hedge-Mustard. Fl.Jul.Aug. Clt. 1818. Pl.f tolft. 198. SUBHASTA'TUM (Willd. enum. 679.) smooth, somewhat glaucous ; radical leaves runcinate ; cauline leaves lanceolate, "hastate at the base from two acute auricles; pods spreading, rigid ; pedicels thick, very short. 0. H. Native of the islands in the Archipelago. Brassica subhastata, Willd. spec. 3. p. 550. Stems branched. Subhastate-lea\ed Hedge- Mustard. Fl. April, Jul. Clt. 1817. PI. 2 feet. 20 S. COLU'MNJE (Jacq. aust. t. 323.) stem villous, somewhat hoary ; leaves runcinate, pubescent ; lobes toothed or entire, acute; pods erectish; calyx loose. O- H. Native of waste ground, among rubbish, by way sides, and in gardens in the south of Europe, particularly in the south of France, Alsace, Germany, south of Italy, Transylvania, and Greece ; also in' Tauria and Armenia. Plant very variable in height. Var. a, altissirnum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 469.) pods smooth, lobes of leaves almost entire. S. altissimum, 'Lin. spec. 920. S. Waltheri, Crantz. aust. p. 91 — Buxb. cent. 5. p. 26. t. 51. Var, ft, leiocdrpum (D. C. 1. c.) pods smooth ; lobes of leaves toothed. S. Columnse, Jacq. aust. t. 323. — Column, ecphr. 1. p. 266. t. 268. S. villosum, Mcench. meth. 251. Native of France. Var. y, villosissirmtm (D. C. 1. c.) pods pubescent; stem and leaves very villous ; lobes of leaves toothed. S. erysimastrum ft, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 521. S. Loeselii, Thuil. fl. paris, ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 335. Native of France, about Paris. Var. I, tenu'mliqiium (D. C. 1. c.) pods pubescent, very slen- der ; stem and petioles pubescent ; lobes of leaves almost entire. S. Columnse, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 1 14. var. a. Native of Tauria. Var. (., orientale (D. C. 1. c.) pods puberulous ; the lower part of the herb is downy-villous, upper part smooth ; lobes of leaves toothed. S. orientale, Lin. amo3n. 4. p. 322. spec. 921. S. Columnse, var. ft, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 114. Native of Tauria. Columna's Hedge-Mustard. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1796. PJ. from 1 to 3 feet. 21 S. PANNONICUM (Jacq. coll. 1. p. 70. icon. rar. 1. t. 123.) lower leaves runcinate, hispid, with toothed lobes ; upper leaves pinnate, smooth, with very entire linear lobes ; pods spreading. Q.H. Native in sterile and rugged fields and vine-yards. In the valleys of Anivie and Iserable in Switzerland. In Alsace, Hungary, . LVII. SISYMBRIUM. 207 Tauria, Caucasus, and Transylvania, &c. This plant covered the ground in and about Moscow, after the great fire of 1812. (Goldb.) S. Sinapios, Retz.obs. 3. p. 37. S. sinapistrum, Crantz. aust. p. 52. S. altissimum, Pall. ined. taur. Habl. taur. p. 158. from Bieb. S. tenuifolium, Gener, seep. el. no. 613. ? Flowers pale yellow, almost cream-coloured. Pods spreading. Stems soli- tary, sometimes beset with long hairs. Hungarian Hedge-Mustard. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1787. PI. 2 feet. 22 S. SEPTULA'TUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 471.) leaves smooth, pinnate-parted ; lobes linear, somewhat toothed in front, acute ; pods somewhat spreading ; dissepiment bearing impressed seeds in the cells. Native of Syria, about Aleppo. Perhaps a proper genus, allied to Morettia. Stem whitish. Septulate Hedge-Mustard. PL 1 to 2 feet. 23 S. CARTILAGINEUM (Pall. herb, from Fisch. in litt.) leaves scabrous, pinnate-parted ; lobes linear, entire or somewhat toothed, thickish ; upper leaves undivided. If.. ? $ ,? H. Na- tive on cretaceous mountains in Tauria and Iberia. Pods elon- gate, narrowed at the base. Perhaps a species of Diplotdxis or Stanleya. Stem erect, smooth, nearly simple. Cartilaginous-leaved Hedge-Mustard. Fl. ? PI. 1 foot. 24 S. LYRA'TUM (Burm. fl. cap. 17.) lower leaves pilose, ly- rately-runcinate, lobes toothed ; upper leaves oblontr, smooth, toothed ; pods somewhat spreading, smooth. I/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. S. sylvestre, Bnrm. herb. Seeds ovate, compressed, small, rufous. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 64. Lyrate-leaved. Hedge-Mustard. PI. 1£ foot. 25 S. BURCHE'LLII (D. C. syst. 2. p. 472.) leaves pinnate, pi- lose ; lobes oblong, bluntly sinuate-angular ; pods spreading, sca- brous ; pedicels short, thick ; stem hispid with spreading hairs. O- H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, beyond the colonial territory, near the rivulet called Sack-river. Sisymbrium, no. 1496, Burch. cat..geogr. pi. afr. austr. Pods nearly the same as those of S. dsperum. Stems sparingly branched. Bwchell's Hedge-Mustard. PI. £ to 1 foot. 26 S. GAKIEPI'NUM (Burch. in D. C. syst. 2. p. 472.) leaves pinnate-parted ; lobes toothed, acutish, scabrous with branched hairs ; pods scabrous, erectish ; stems covered with appressed down. Q. H. Native of the Cape beyond the Orange river, in open places, var. ft, in groves, at the fountain called Kosi. Pods round, scabrous from small starry hairs. Stem branched. Var, a, aprlcum ; Burch. cat. geogr. no. 2080. Far. ft, nemorosum ; Burch. 1. c. no. 2558. Gariep Hedge-Mustard. PI. l£ foot. 27 S. A'SPERUM (Lin. spec. 920.) leaves smooth, pinnate- parted, with oblong, blunt, toothed, lobes ; pedicels very short ; pods scabrous, pointed with the short style. $ . H. Native of the south of France, Dauphiny, &c. Spain, Portugal at the Ta- gus, in humid sandy or gravelly places. — J. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 858. f. 3. Chabr. sciagr. 275. f. 2. Stems many, from the same root. ' Rough Hedge-Mustard. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1778. PI. £ to | ft. § 3. Sbphite. Cauline leaves bipinnate, with cut pinnatljid or mult'tfid lubes. Flmvers small, yellow. 28 S. SOPHI'A (Lin. spec. 922.) leaves bipinnate ; lobes cut, oblong-linear ; pedicels 4-times longer than the calyx ; petals smaller than the calyx. Q. H. Native among rubbish, dry banks, waste ground, and dung-hills, very frequent in Britain and many other parts of Europe, from Portugal to Ingria, and from England to the Morea, also of Eschscholz Bay on the west- coast of America. Smith, engl. bot. t. 963. Mart. fl. rust. t. 57. S. parviflorum, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 519. Sophia Chirurgio- rum, Lob. icon. 738. f. 1. Blackw. herb. t. 440. et seriphium Weinm. phyton. t. 941. f. a. " The wisdom of surgeons," or Flix-weed, is so named, from the quality attributed to it of curing immoderate laxity of the bowels. According to Linnaeus sheep and kine eat the plants, horses and goats are not fond of it, and swine refuse it. The force of gun-powder is said to be augmented by mixing a tenth part of the seeds with the other in- gredients. The plant formerly was prescribed in dysenteries and hysterical cases, and the seed was given to destroy worms, but none of these virtues and qualities have been well ascer- tained. Flowers small, greenish-yellow, somewhat corymbose. Pods erect, linear, smooth. A large branching downy plant. Fine-leaved Hedge Mustard or Flix-weed. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 2 or 4 feet. 29 S. PE'RSICUM (Spreng. nov. prov. p. 39. no. 88.) leaves bi- pinnate ; lobules linear ; pedicels twice the length of the calyx ; petals a little longer than the calyx. O- H. Native of Persia. Flowers very small. Pods almost parallel with the axis. A slender branched plant, very like S. Sophia. Stems pubescent with minute 3-parted hairs. Leaves smoothish. Persian Flix-weed or Hedge-Mustard. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 30 S. CANE'SCENS (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 68.) leaves bipin- nate, canescent ; lobules blunt, toothed ; petals equal in length with the calyx; pods clavate, shorter than the pedicels. O- H. Native of North America, from Virginia to Georgia. S. Sophia, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 440 ? Very like S. Sophia, but much smaller. Petals obovate, pale yellow. Grey Flix-weed or Hedge-Mustard. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1827. PI. 1 to 1-J-foot. 31 S. BRACHYCA'RPUM (Richards, in Frankl. narr. journ. p. 744.) leaves bipinnate ; lobes blunt, entire or sparingly cut ; petals larger than the calyx ; pods linear, somewhat 4-sided, shorter than the pedicels. Q. H. Native of the Arctic region between 54° and 64° degrees of north latitude. Very like S. Sophia, but the pods are one-half shorter than in that species. Short-podded Flix-weed or Hedge-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. PJ. | to 1 foot. 32 S. TRIPINNA TUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 475.) leaves tripinnate, velvety with starry down ; lobules oblong-linear, somewhat toothed; pods slender, elongated, smooth. O- H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope in dry places at the river Gaurits. Sina- pis? tripinnata, Burch. cat. geogr. afr. aust. no. 1640. trav. 1. p. 318. An intermediate species between S. Sophia and S. millefblium. Tripinnate-leaved Flix-weed or Hedge-Mustard. PI. 2 feet. 33 S. MILLEFO LIUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 391.) leaves somewhat tripinnate, hoary ; lobules blunt, small ; stem suffruticose ; petals larger than the calyx. J? . G. Native of TenerifFe on rocks in the lower parts of the island. Sinapis millefolia, Jacq. icon. rar. t. 27. Flowers crowded-corymbous. A small branched shrub. Mille/oil-leaveA Flix-weed or Hedge-Mustard. Fl. May, Sept. Shrub 1 to 1| foot. 34 S. TANACETIFOLIUM (Lin. spec. 916.) leaves pinnate; segments lanceolate, deeply.-serrated, outer ones confluent ; pe- tals larger than the calyx ; pods shorter than the pedicels. I/ . H. Native of exposed cold situations in Piedmont, Switzerland, Savoy, Dauphiny, Provence, and the Pyrenees. Erysimum tanacetifolium, Clairv. herb. val. 219. — Zann. hist. 86. t. 33. — Mor. hist. 2. p. 231. sect. 3. t. 6. f. 19. Stems erect, simple, corymbose at the top. Leaves crowded, soft, with short starry down. Seeds small. ' Tansy-leaved Flix-weed or Hedge-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1731. PI. 1 foot. 35 S. MULTI'FIDUM (Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 904.) stem erect, smooth ; lower leaves hairy, pinnate ; leaflets lanceo- late-linear, toothed, lower ones reflexed ; leaflets of the upper 208 CRUCIFER/E. LVII. SISYMBRIUM. leaves filiform, smooth ; flowers panicled ; siliques very long, flexuous, slender, crowned by the thick stigma. O ? H. Na- tive of? Multifid-leaveil Flix-weed or Hedge-Mustard. PL 2 feet. 36 S. MYRIOPHY'LLUM (H. B. et Kth. in D. C. syst. 2. p. 477.) leaves bipinnate ; segments blunt ; petals larger than the calyx ; pods lanceolate. — Native of Quito at the bottom of Mount Cotopaxi among stones at the height of 4550 feet. Nastur- tium myriophyllum, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 883. A very branching plant. Flowers pedicelled. Seeds ovate, minute. Myriad-leaved Flix-weed or Hedge-Mustard. PL 2 or 3 feet. SECT. V. KIBE'RA (meaning unknown.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 477. prod. 1. p. 194. Pedicels bracteate at the base. Style short, thick, retuse. Flowers small, yellow or white, rarely purple. 37 PERUVIA'NUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 477.) pedicels axillary, smooth, longer than the calyx ; pods hispid, spreading ; leaves oblong, deeply-serrated. — Native of Peru. An erect, herba- ceous, branched plant. Bracteas violaceous, oblong-linear, toothed, longer than the pedicels, but sometimes they are abor- tive at the top of the raceme. Flowers small, probably yellow. Peruvian Hedge-Mustard. PL 1 to 2 feet. 38 S. SUPI'NTTM (Lin. spec. 917.) pedicels axillary, very short, solitary ; pods erect, puberulous ; leaves sinuately-pinnatifid ; stems covered with reflexed pubescence. O- H. Native of sandy humid places, and on the margins of fields along the banks of the Seine about Paris, in Switzerland, also in Spain, &c. A'rabis supina, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 512. — Isnard in act. acad. paris, 1724. t. 18. Stems either decumbent or erect, simple or branch- ed. Flowers small, white.1 Supine Hedge-Mustard. FLJu.Jul. Clt. 1788. Pl.ito-|ft. 39 S. RUNCINA'TUM (Lag. fl.hisp. ined. D. C. syst. 2. p. 478.) pedicels axillary, very short, solitary ; pods incurved, and are as well as the stem smooth ; leaves oblong, runcinately-toothed. ©. H. Native of Spain about Orcelis among rubbish. Stems branched from the base, diffuse. Floral leaves sessile. Flowers small, probably white. Runcinate -leaved Hedge-Mustard. Fl. June, July. PL ~ ft. 40 S. HIUSU'TUM (Lag. from Dufr. in litt. D. C. syst. 2. p. 478.) pedicels axillary, very short, solitary ; bracteas oblong- linear, almost entire ; pods erect, and are as well as stem pu- bescent. ©.H. Native of Spain about Madrid. Flowers small. Hairy Hedge-Mustard. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. PL $ ft. 41 S. POLYCERA'TIUM (Lin. spec. 3. p. 9 18.) pedicels in threes, axillary, very short ; pods erect, smooth ; leaves sinuately- runcinate; lobes acute, toothed, lower ones largest. ©. H. Native throughout the south of Europe on humid walls and in fissures of rocks. It also grows about Bury in Suffolk, but it certainly has been introduced there. Jacq. vind. t. 79. S. cor- niculatum, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 520. A fetid somewhat erect herb, with small yellow flowers, which are sessile in the axillae of the leaves. Many-podded Hedge-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1633. PL | to 1 foot. 42 S. RI'GIDDM (Bieb. suppl. p. 439.) pedicels very short, axillary or naked ; pods and erect stems hispid ; leaves smooth- ish, oblong, acutely ruucinately-pectinate. O • H. Native of the south of Tauria. Ery'simum polyceratium, Pall. itin. 3. p. 741. app. no. 103. t. Mm. f. 1. ed. gall. 8vo. app. p. 346. no. 351. t. 107. Hesperis rigida, Steven from cat. hort. gor. 1808. p. 82. Bristles on stems long. Petals oblong-linear, white. Tfygid-bristled Hedge-Mustard. FL June, July. Clt. 1816. PL £ to i foot. SECT. VI. ARABIDO'PSIS (from Arabis and oif-ic, opsis, resem- blance ; plants resembling the genus A'rabis.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 480. prod. 1. p. 195. Siliques linear, compressed. Stigma sessile, truncate. Flowers white, on very short bractless pedicels. 43 S. BURSIFO'LIUM (Lin. amcen. 4. p. 322.) leaves lyrately- pinnatifid, smooth ; stem erect, leafy ; pedicels thick, shorter than the calyx. 0. H. Native of Sicily. A'rabis bursifolia, Lam. fl.fr. 2. p. 511.— Dill. elth. 179. t. 148. f. 177. Hesperis dentata, Lin. spec. 928. Flowers small, white. Shepherd's-pitrse-leaved Hedge-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1733. PL | to | foot. 44 S. PINNATI'FIDUM (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 667. syst. 2. p. 481.) radical leaves lyrate, cauline ones pinnate-parted ; lobes linear, entire, terminal one largest ; pedicels very slender, somewhat shorter than the calyx. 7£. H. Native of rocky and stony pastures in the mountains of Europe, particularly in the Pyre- nees, the mountains of Auvergne, France, Switzerland, and Pied- mont. Cardamine runcinata, Pourr. act. tol. 3. p. 310. Sisym- brium bursifolium, Gouan. ill. p. 42. Sisymbrium dentatum, All. ped. no. 1001. t. 57. f. 3. A'rabis pinnatifkla, Lam. diet. 1. p. 221. ill. t. 563. f. 3. A'rabis dentata, Clairv. herb. val. 223. Root perennial, suffruticose, much divided at the neck. Pinnatifid-leavedi Hedge-Mustard. FL May, Aug. Clt. J820. PL i to | foot. 45 S. ERYSIMOI DBS (Desf. atl.2.p. 84. t. 158.) leaves lyrately- pinnatifid, lobes unequally toothed, terminal one largest; pedicels very short; pods rectangular spreading. Q. H. Native of Tunis in sandy places near Kervan, and in "the island of Tene- riffe. About the divisions of fields in dry places of Spain in Murcia and Granada. S. rigidulum, Lag. gen. et spec. pi. p. 20. A smooth herb with very small white flowers. Erysimum-like Hedge-Mustard. FL Jan. April. Clt. 1825. PL 1 to 2 feet. 46 S. RAMULO'SUM (Del. segypt. ill. 19.) lower leaves pinnate- lobed ; lobes few, acute, entire, with the terminal one oblong ; cauline leaves oblong-linear, almost entire ; pedicels longer than the calyx. 0. H. Native of Egypt, near Minyet and Beny- Soueyf. Flowers small, probably white. Branched Hedge-Mustard. Fl. June, July. PL £ foot. 47 S. ? CINE REUM (Desf. atl. 2. p. 83. 1. 157.) leaves pubes- cent, somewhat fleshy, pinnate-parted ; lobes linear-filiform, entire; pedicels longer than the calyx. ©. H. Native of Mauritania near Cafsa in sandy places. Petals pale violet, twice the length of the calyx. Seeds small, but their structure is unknown, and therefore the genus to which it should belong is doubtful. Perhaps a species of Hesperis or A'rabis. Cinereous Hedge-Mustard. " FL in winter. PL £ to 1 foot. 48 S. TORULOSUM (Desf. atl. 2. p. 84. t. 159.) leaves oblong ; radical ones somewhat pinnatifid, cauline ones coarsely toothed ; pedicels very short ; pods hispid, straight. ©. H. Native of Tunis, in waste land near Sbiba, and in the island of Cyprus. Smith fl. graec. t. 632. Stems 2 or 3. Flowers white. Torulose Hedge-Mustard. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1824. PL £ ft. 49 S. CONTORTUPLICA'TUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 483.) leaves ob- long, radical ones pinnatifid, cauline ones t6othed or entire ; pedicels length of calyx ; pods hispid, usually twisted. ©. H. Native of the desert of Cumana, also about Kitzliar and Astra- can, especially in sandy places. Cheiranthus contortuplicatus, Steph. in Willd, spec. 3. p. 521. Hesperis contortuplicata, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 124. Flowers from white to purplish. Var, /3, rectisilifjuum (Fisch. in litt.) siliques straight, or hardly curved. Twisted-folded-podded Hedge-Mustard. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1819. PL £ foot. 50 S. SETO'SUM (Ledeb. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 902.) stem sim- ple, erect, smooth above ; radical leaves lyrate, sharply-toothed, hispid, cauline ones few, small, lanceolate, sessile. Q. H. Na- tive of the north of Persia. Flowers probably white. CRUCIFER.E. LVII. SISTMBHIUM. LVIII. ALHARIA. LIX. ERYSIMUM. 209 Bristly Hedge-Mustard. PI. 1 foot. f Species, the generic characters of which are doubtful. 51 S. ? A'LBUM (Pall. itin. 3. app. no. 102. t. U. ed gall. 8vo. vol. 8. app. no. 349. p. 344. t. 96.) leaves white from pubes- cence, pinnate-parted ; lobes oblong, bluntish, and are as well as stem without glands. i;. H. Native of Siberia at lake Baikal. Nasturtium album, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 883. Rootfru- tescent, with many stems rising from the same neck. Racemes when in flower corymbose, afterwards elongating. Flowers white. Stamens all toothless. Pods scarcely the length of pe- dicel. Perhaps a species of Nasturtium, from its short pods, ^BJid it may probably form a separate genus with Nasturtium sa- gittfttum. H'Aite-flowered Hedge-Mustard. Fl. Ju. Jul. PI. | to ^ ft. 52. S.? NA'NUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 486.) leaves oblong, si- nuately-pinnatifid, velvety with starry down ; pods torulose. O. H. Native of eastern Siberia. Cheiranthus nanus, Merk. ined. Mathiola nana, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 897. Two or three stems, rising from the same root. Petals oblong, purplish. Seeds not sufficiently known. Habit of Malcomia. Dwarf Hedge-Mustard. Fl. April, June. PI. i foot. •f" Species not sufficiently known. 53 S. SINA'PIS (Burm. fl. ind. 140. exclusive of the synonyms of Barrelier, which are referable to A'rabis Thaliana). Native of Java. Leaves sublyrate, toothed. Flowers very small, white. Stature and appearance of Sinapis arvensis. Sinapis-like Hedge-Mustard. Fl. Ju. Jul. PI. 1 to 1J ft. 54 S. FASTENS (Moench. meth. 251.). Q. H. Native? Leaves runcinate, extreme segment sagittate ; upper leaves lan- ceolate. Petals pale yellow, entire. Pods round, smooth, bi- fariously pilose. Perhaps a species of Brdssica. Spreading-branclieA Hedge-Mustard. PL 2 feet ? 55 S. CAPE'NSE (Thunb. prod. 109.). Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stem panicled, smooth. Pods linear, smooth. Cape Hedge-Mustard. PL 1 foot. 56 S. SERBATUM (Thunb. prod. 109.) Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stem somewhat 3-sided. Leaves elliptical, sharply- toothed, or serrated, smooth. iSW-leaved Hedge-Mustard. PL 1 foot. 57 S. CRASSIFO'UUM (Cav. prael. p. 437. no. 977. Lag. in hort. madr. ined. t. 24.) I/ . H, Native of Spain in waste places about Madrid. Radical leaves sinuately-runcinate, some- what fleshy, upper ones linear, quite entire. Spikes nodding at the top. Flowers pale sulphur-coloured. Siliques filiform, curved. Perhaps a species of Diplotdxis. Thick-leaved Hedge-Mustard. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1819. PL ^ to | foot. 58 S. FU GAX (Lag. elench. hort. madr. 1805 and 1815. p. 20.) l/.H. Dative of Spain. Plant smooth. Leaves lyrate ; lobes oblong- lanceolate, acute. Pods filiform, at length twisted. Fugacious Hedge-Mustard. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl.fto 1 ft. 59 S. LEPTOPHY'LLUM (Raf. fl.lud. p. 84. no. 268.). Native of Louisiana near water. Leaves pinnate ; segments lobed, smooth, terminal one largest. Flowers small, yellowish. Petals shorter than the stamens and calyx. Stigma sessile. Pods long, round. Slender-leaved Hedge-Mustard. Fl. Feb. Mar. PL 1 foot. Cult. The greater part of the species of this genus are not worth cultivating, except in botanic gardens. They grow well in any kind of soil, and are all easily increased by seeds, or the perennial kinds may be increased by dividing the plants at the root. Sisyrnbrium millefdlii/m and strictissimum are the only species worth general cultivation. The first is a greenhouse shrubby species from TenerifFe, it grows freely in a rich light soil, and VOL. i. — PART in. young cuttings will root readily under a hand-glass, if planted in a pot and placed in a sheltered situation : the last is a hardy perennial, fit for shrubberies, and is easily increased by dividing the plants at the root. LVIII. ALLIA'RIA (from Allium, Garlic ; plants smelling like garlic when bruised). Adans. fam. 2. p. 418. D. C. syst. 2. p. 488. prod. 1. p. 196. LYN. SYST. Tetradyndmia, Siliquosa. Silique roundish, somewhat four-sided, with prominent nerves. Calyx loose. Seeds somewhat cylindrical. Cotyledons linear-oblong, flat. Pe- rennial erect herbs. Leaves large, stalked, toothed, cordate or orbiculate. Racemes terminal, at time of flowering corymbose, afterwards elongated ; pedicels bractless. Flowers white. 1 A. OFFICINA'LIS (Andrz. cruc. from Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 445.) leaves cordate ; pods prismatic, much longer than the pedicels. I/ . H. Native throughout Europe under hedges, coppices, and in ditches ; also in Persia about Lenkeran. Ery- simum Alliaria, Lin. spec. 922. FL dan. 935. Bull. herb. 338. Smith, engl. bot. 796. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1835. t. 183. Hesperis Alliaria, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 503. Sisymbrium Alliaria, Scop. earn. ed. 2. no. 825. Erysimum cordifolium, Pall. ined. taur. Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 458. Var. ft ; leaves more deeply cut. Mich. hort. flor. p. 49. no. 4. This plant having a strong smell and taste of garlic, it was for- merly used by country people in sauces ; with bread and butter, salted meat, and in salads, hence one of its common names sauce alone, and from growing by hedge sides it is called Jack by t/ie hedge. In Germany it is called das Knoblauchkraut, der Knob- lauchhederich, Lauchel, Waldknoblauch, Ramfen, Ramschelnur- zel, Gernsel, Salsekraut, Saskraut. In Danish Hvidliigsurt, Gajlekaal. In Swedish Hvitloksort. In French L'Alliare, I'herbe des aux, I'herbe aux aillets. In Spanish and Portuguese Alliaria. The whole plant, as the generic name imports, scents strongly of garlic. It is occasionally used as a salad, boiled as a pot-herb, or introduced in sauces. Mr. Neill observes that " when gathered as it approaches the flowering state, boiled separately, and then eaten to boiled mutton, it certainly forms a most desirable pot-herb ; and to any kind of salted meat an excellent green." According to Linnseus's observation, horses, sheep, and swine refuse it, but kine and goats eat it. If eaten by cows it gives a strong disagreeable taste to the milk. When it grows in poultry-yards the fowls eat it, and it gives an in- tolerable rank taste to their flesh. The seeds excite sneezing. The leaves were formerly recommended internally as sudorific and deobstuent, of the nature of garlic, but much milder ; ex- ternally as antiseptic, in gangrenous and cancerous ulcers. Officinal Jack-by-the-hedge or Sauce alone. Fl. May, June. Britain. PL 1 to 3 feet. 2 A. BRACHYCA'RPA (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. 445.) leaves ovate- orbicular ; pods lanceolate, length of pedicel. ^.H. Native of Iberia. Raphanus Tauricus, Adam. Raphanus rotundi- folius, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 130. Stems either procumbent or erect. Short-podded Jack-by-the-hedge. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1 824. PL | foot. Cult. These plants are not worth cultivating except in general collections ; they are easily increased by seeds. LIX. ERY'SIMUM (from cpvw, eryo, to draw, to cure ; on account of its supposed salutary effects in medicine. It is even now reckoned a powerful cure for a sore throat ; it is also said to draw and produce blisters). Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 297. t. 143. D. C. syst. 2. p. 490. prod. 1. p. 196. Erysimum et Brassica, Lin. LIN. SYST. Tetradynumia, Siliquosa. Silique 4-sided, (f. 46. j.) E e 210 CRUCIFER^E. LIX. ERYSIMUM. Calyx closed. Cotyledons flat, oblong. Herbs biennial or peren- nial, rarely suffrutescent at the base, usually branched, sometimes smooth, sometimes pubescent or hairy. Leaves variable, usually oblong-linear, entire, or toothed, stalked, sessile, or as in Corin- gia, cordate, stem-clasping. Racemes elongated, terminal, many- flowered ; pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers yellow, rarely cream-coloured or whitish. SECT. I. STYLONEMA (from orvXoe, stylos, a column or style, rnpa, nema, a thread ; style filiform). D. C. syst. 2. p. 491. prod. 1. p. 196. Style long, filiform ; stigmas 2, spreading (f. 46. q.~). Calyx almost permanent. Flowers nearly sessile. 1 E. SILICULO' SUM (D. C. syst. 3. p. 491.) pods shorter than the style, younger pods covered with the permanent calyx ; flowers on short pedicels ; leaves linear, quite entire. $ . H. Native of the desert of Cumana in Tauria and about Astracan. Cheiranthus siliculosus, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 121. suppl. 443. Syrenia siliculosa, Andrz. cruc. ined. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 65. Flowers yellow. Siliques hoary. Plant canescent. Silicled Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, June. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 2 E. SI'CULUM (Spreng. new. entd. 3. p. 51.) pods shorter than the style, prismatic, hoary, also the adult ones are covered with the permanent calyx ; flowers on short pedicels ; leaves linear, smoothish. $ . H. Native of Sicily. Flowers yellow. Sicilian Treacle-Mustard. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 ft. 3 E. SESSILIFLO'RUM (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 1 1 6.) pods length of style, younger ones covered by the permanent calyx ; flowers sessile ; leaves linear, entire, y. . H. Native of the salt deserts and mountains of Siberia, and of Tauria, also of Caucasus. Cheiranthus quadrangularis, Lher. stirp. 1. p. 91. t. 44. Cheiranthus montanus, Pall. itin. 1. p. 496. no. 115. Cheir. cornutus, Lam. diet. 2. p. 717. Erysimum cor- nutum, Pers. ench. 2. p. 200. Cheir. angulcitus, Schultz. obs. p. 129. Syrenia Lamarckii, Andrz. cruc. ined. Stems at base suffrutescent. Flowers sulphur-coloured, sweet-scented. The stems, younger leaves, and calyx are whitish-grey. Sessile-flowered Treacle-Mustard. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1794. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 4 E. ANGUSTIFO' LIUM (Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 155.) pods much longer than the style, younger ones covered with the permanent calyx ; flowers almost sessile ; leaves linear, entire. $ . H. Native of Hungary and Transylvania in dry sandy plains. Walds. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 101. t. 98. Cheiranthus virgatus, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 781. Syrenia Ehrarti, Andrz. cruc. ined. Cheirinia angustifolia, Link. enum. 2. p. 1 70. Flowers very like those of E. sessiliflorum, but a little smaller. Plant canescent. Narrow-leaved Treacle-Mustard. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. \ to 2 feet. SECT. II. CUSPIDA'RIA (from cuspis, a point ; style). D. C. syst. 2. p. 493. prod. 1. p. 197. Style filiform, short. Silique tetragonal, 2- edged. Calyx falling off with the petals. Flowers on short but distinct pedicels. 5 E. CUSPIDA'TUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 493.) pods thrice the length of the style, 2-edged, naked ; flowers on short pedicels ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, sinuately toothed. £ . H. Native of Bithynia, Moldavia, Sicily, Tauria, Caucasus, and in Iberia near Tiflis. Cheiranthus cuspidatus, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 120. suppl. 443. Cheiranthus Bithy'nicus, Pers. ench. 2. p. 200. Syrenia Biebersteinii, Andrz. cruc. ined. — Buxb. cent. 2. p. 23. t, 33. f. 1. E. glabrum, Presl. ex Spreng. Sinapis tetraedra, Presl. The cultivated plants are almost smooth, while the spon- taneous ones are rather grey, especially on the stem, with ap- pressed hairs, which are fixed by the centre, hence they are 2-parted. Flowers yellow. Seed ovate, obliquely truncate at the top on both sides. C«^Hand-toothed-leaved Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1772. PL 1 to 2 feet. 22 E. ? TENE'LLUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 500.) leaves linear, re- pandly-toothed, stem almost simple ; pods spreading ? roundish ; stigma 2-lobed, pedicelled. O- H. Native of the Levant, be- tween Aleppo and Mossul. Very like E. repdndum, var. /3, but the flowers are much larger. Flowers yellow. Pliant Treacle-Mustard. Fl. ? PI. | foot. 23 E. HELVE'TICUM (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 658.) leaves linear, entire, grey with appressed forked hairs ; stem erect, hardly branched ; pods erectish : stigmas pedicelled, emarginate. $ . H. Native of Switzerland in dry exposed places in valleys about Lenk, at the bottom of Mount Cramont. In Piedmont ; in Car- pathian mountains, near the termination of the range of Firs ; also in Sicily. Cheiranthus Helveticus, Jacq. vind. t. 9. E. linearifolium, Mosnch. meth. 85. Cheiranthus pallens, Hall, fille. E. pallens, Pers. ench. 2. p. 200. E. Bonnanianum, Presl. ex. Spreng. Petals obovate, pale yellow. Swiss Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1793. PL l£ foot. 24 E. CANE'SCENS (Roth. cat. bot. 1. p. 76.) leaves linear, entire, or somewhat toothed, greyish with forked hairs ; petals obovate-oblong ; claws of the petals longer than the calyx ; pods erect, 5-times longer than the pedicels ; stigma almost sessile. $ . H. Native on hills throughout the south of Europe, in dry and exposed places, Spain, south of France, Italy, Carniola, Vallais, Austria, about Vienna ; also of Sicily. Cheiranthus alpinus, Lin. mant. 93? Jacq. aust. 1. p. 48. t. 75. E. syl- vestre, Scop. earn. ed. 2. no. 630. E. diffusum, Ehr. beit. 7. p. 157. Cheiranthus Bocc6ni, All. ped. no. 988. t. 58. f. 2? E. crassistylum, Presl. ex. Spreng. A very polymorphous plant with the stems sometimes solitary, sometimes diffuse, branched. Flowers yellow, scentless. Ee 2 212 CRUCIFER^E. LIX. ERYSIMUM. Greyish Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1731. PI. | to | foot. 25 E. ANDRZEJOSKIA'NUM (Bess, in lift, and D. C. syst. 2. p. 502.) leaves linear, channelled, somewhat toothed, greyish with forked appressed hairs ; petals obovate ; claws of petals a little longer than the calyx ; pods erect, twice the length of the pedicel ; stigma almost sessile. $ . H. Native of Tauria and Caucasus, in dry exposed fields. E. diffusum, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 116. Very like E. canescens. Floriferous branches panicled. Flowers yellow. Plant hoary. Andrzejosld' s Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. PL 14 foot. 26 E. COLLI NUM (Andrz. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 198.)lower leaves stalked, spatulate, angularly-toothed, upper ones linear- lanceolate, entire, clothed with 3-parted hairs ; stem erect, some- what branched ; pods rough, erect. $ . H. Native of grassy hills at the river Terek, near the little town of the Cossacs called Galuga. Cheiranthus collinus, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 11 9. Flowers yellow, about the size of those of E. repandum. Hill Treacle-Mustard. Fl. June. Clt. 1823. PI. 2 feet. 27 E. LEPTOPHY'LLUM (Andrz. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 198.) leaves all linear-lanceolate, quite entire, hoary, scabrous ; stem branched, hoary ; pods spreading, hoary. $ . H. Native of dry hills in Iberia, and in rather shaded woody mountains near the Aragwi. Cheiranthus leptophyllus, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 119. D. C. syst. 2. p. 182. Habit of E. diffusum. Stems erect, branched. Flowers yellow. Slender-leaved Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot. 28 E. MACLOVIA'NUM (Gay ex. Spreng. syst. app. p. 243.) leaves lanceolate, denticulated, glaucous, bearded at the apex ; calyx deciduous ; siliques very smooth, much longer than the style. $ . H. Native of the Falkland Islands. Brassica Ma- gellanica, Gaud. Brassica. Macloviana, d'Urv. Maclove's Treacle-Mustard. PL 1 foot. 29 E. VERSI'COLOR (Andrz. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 198.) leaves hoary, lower ones runcinate, upper ones linear, very en- tire ; branches spreading ; pods hoary, straight. $ . H. Native of the north of Persia, in arid fields adjacent to Caucasus, also at the river Terek, about Kisljar and Mosdok, and in the desert ofCumana. Cheiranthus versicolor, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 119. suppl. p. 442. D. C. syst. 2. p. 182. Cheiranthus leucanthe- mus, Steph. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 521. Habit of E. leptvphyl- lum. Stems clothed with forked hairs, and the leaves with 3-parted hairs. Flowers of various colours, particularly white, cream, sulphur-yellow, or deep yellow. Farious-coloured-fiowered Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1821. PI. 1 foot. 30 E. LANCEOLATUM (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 116.) lower leaves lanceolate, toothed, upper ones almost linear, entire ; petals orbiculately-obovate ; claws of petals longer than the calyx ; pods erect ; stigma almost sessile. $ . H. Native on dry rocks, fields, and walls, nearly throughout the whole of Europe, exclusive of Britain and Ireland. From Spain to Cau- casus, and from Sicily to Sweden ; also of the north-west coast of America. Flowers larger than those of E . canescens. Var. a, major (D. C. syst. 2. p. 502.) stem simple or branched, rigid, about a foot high. Cheiranthus erysimoides, Lin. spec. 923. Jacq. aust. t. 74. Erysimum cheiranthoides, Crantz. aust. p. 28. E. Hesperis, Scop. earn. ed. 2. no. 829. Erysimum, murale. Desf. cat. ed. 1. p. 129. Pers. ench. 2. p. 199. Cheiranthus firmus, Schleich. pi. helv. E. Cheiranthus, Pers. ench. 2. p. 1 99. Perhaps many species are here joined. Flowers yellow. ' Far. /3, minor (D. C. syst. 1. c.) stem simple, sometimes branched, somewhat ascending. Cheiranthus alpinus, Lin. mant. 93 ? E. ochroleucum ft, D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 658. E. alpinum, Pers. ench. 2. p. 200. Flowers pale yellow. Zonce-leaved Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1597. PI. | to 1| foot. 31 E. RH^TICUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 503.) leaves linear-lan- ceolate, entire, or toothed ; stems somewhat ascendant ; claws of petals longer than the calyx ; petals obovate ; pods erectish, very long ; style longish. $ . H. Native of Rhaetia. Cheiran- thus Rhse ticus, Schleich. pi. helv. Horn. hort. hafn. p. 613. Stems clothed with forked hairs. Flowers yellow, like those of E. lanceolatum. Rhcetian Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 ft. 32 E. DU'BIUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 504.) leaves lanceolate, toothed, narrowed at the base ; petals obovate-oblong ; pods spreading; style scarcely any. $ . H. Native of ? Cheiran- thus dubius, Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. p. 73. Stems covered with forked hairs. Leaves smooth, or hardly pubescent. Flowers yellow, not so large as those of E. canescens. Doubtful Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to 1 1 foot. 33 E. LONGIFO'LIUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 504.) leaves linear-lan- ceolate, elongated, a little toothed : petals obovate-oblong ; pods erect, pubescent ; style longish. If. . H. Native of Algiers in the fissures of rocks. E. grandiflorum, Desf. atl. 2. p. 88. Leaves 4 or 6 inches long. Flower large, yellow. Long-leaved Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1822. PL £ to 1 foot. 34 E. GRA'CILE (D. C. syst. 2. p. 504.) leaves linear-lanceolate, toothed, pointed ; petals obovate-oblong ; pods erect, rather rough from stellate hairs ; style hardly any. $ . H. Native of the north of Caucasus and in Iberia about Tiflis. Stem co- vered with forked hairs, sparingly branched at the top, and covered with 2 or 3-parted hairs. Flowers yellow, about the size of those of E. canescens ; claws of petals length of calyx. Slender Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1824. PL 1 to H foot. 35 E. RI'GJDUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 505.) leaves linear-lanceo- late, acutely toothed ; pods spreading, smooth, stiff"; style hardly any. (f. 46. q.) Native of the Levant. Stem much branched, covered with appressed 2-parted down. Flowers yellow. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 67. Rigid-podded Treacle-Mustard. PL 2 feet. 36 E. SCA'BRUM (D. C. syst. 2.'p. 505.) leaves linear-lanceo- late, lower ones blunt, somewhat toothed ; racemes short ; pods erect, tuberculately scabrous ; style conical-filiform. Native of Mount Lebanon. Stems and leaves grey from appressed forked hairs. Flowers unknown. Scabrous-podded Treacle-Mustard. PL $ foot. 37 E. A'SPERUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 505.) leaves linear-oblong, lower ones dentately-runcinate, pubescent, scabrous ; pods spread- ing ; style very short. $ . H. Native of North America in fields about the river Missouri. Cheiranthus asper, Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 436. Stem and leaves greyish, with forked appressed hairs. Pods 3 inches long, pubescent. Petals yellow, with white claws. E. lanceolatum, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 436. Rough Treacle-Mustard. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. .PI. £ ft. 38 E. STRIGOSUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 506.) strigose ; leaves oblong- lanceolate, quite entire or denticulated ; pods erect ; stigma 2-parted, sessile. $ . H. Native of Siberia. Cheir- anthus strigosus, Ledeb. in mem. acad. petersb. 5. ann. 1815. p. 549. The whole plant is strigose. Flowers erect, yellow. Stems solitary, furrowed. Strigose Treacle-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Pl.f ft. 39 E. REDO'WSKI (Weinm. cat. hort. dorp. 1810. p. 65.) leaves all linear, channelled, quite entire, greyish ; stem branch- ed, angular ; petals emarginate ; pods erectly spreading, obtuse- CRUCIFER/E. LIX. ERYSIMUM. LX. LEPTALEUM. 213 angled. £ . H. Native of Siberia. The whole plant is covered with appressed white hairs. Flowers pale-yellow, large. Petals obcordate. Redorvski's Treacle-Mustard. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1821. PL 1£ to 2 feet. SECT. IV. CORI'NGIA (from cor, the heart ; shape of leaves.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 507. prod. 1. p. 199. Style hardly any. Petals erectish. Flowers pale-yellow or white, seldom purple. Leaves cordate, and stem-clasping at the base. 40 E. ALPINUM (Baumg. fl. trans. 2. p. 263.) leaves membra- nous, smooth, cauline ones cordate-sagittate, stem-clasping, ob- long, radical ones stalked, ovate. 2/. H. Native of Spain, Cevennes, Alps of Alsace, Hercynia, Nassau about Jena, Tran- sylvania, and the Apennines, in stony woody places of mountains. Brassica alpina, Lin. mant. 95. Vill. dauph. 3. p. 330. t. 36. Turritis pauciflora, Grim. Turritis Brassica, Liers. fl. herb. no. 518. Turritis sagittata, Schrank. mon. t. 99? A'rabis brassicae- formis, Wallr. sched. 359. Root hard, twisted. Younger plant with a few scattered hairs, the rest smooth, hardly glaucous. Stem simple. Flowers white, almost like those of A'rabis. Alpine Treacle-Mustard. Fl.Ju.Aug. Clt. 1793. Pl.ltol|ft. 41 E. PERFOLIA'TUM (Crantz. austr. 27.) radical leaves ob- ovate, cauline ones cordate, stem-clasping, all blunt, smooth, and glaucous ; pods 4-sided. O- H. Native of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia, particularly Spain, France, Germany, Italy, Tauria, Japan ; in England in Essex, but rare, near Har- wich on the cliffs, as also at Bawdsey, and near Oxford ; in Suf- folk ; in fields near Godstone and Marshfield, Sussex. Brassica orientalis, Lin. spec. p. 931. Jacq. austr. t. 282. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1804. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1862. t. 186. E. campestre, Scop. earn. ed. 2. no. 827. Brassica turrita, Weig. obs. 32. Brassica campestris, Mat. sil. no. 500. Brassica perfoliata, Lam. diet. 1. p. 748. Brassica alba, Gilib. fl. lith. in ust. del. op. 2. p. 361. E. orientale, R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 117. Coringia orientalis, Andrz. cruc. ined. Herb very smooth, glau- cous. Stem simple, seldom branched. Flowers white or cream- coloured. This plant is cultivated in Japan for the seeds. Perfoliate-leaved Treacle-Mustard. Fl. June. Britain. PL 1 to l£ foot. 42 E. VIOLAVCEUM (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 202.) leaves lanceo- late, acute, pilose, denticulated, sagittate at the base, half-stem- clasping ; stem straight, quite simple, pilose ; racemes short, crowded ; petals quite entire, much longer than the calyx. If. . H. Native of Gosaingsthan, where it is called Outch. Flowers of a violet-purple colour. Siliques spreading. ^zWaceozw-flowered Treacle-Mustard. PL 2 to 3 feet. 43 E. AUSTRIACUM (Baumg. fl. trans. 2. p. 263.) radical leaves obovate, cauline ones cordate-stem-clasping, all blunt, smooth, and glaucous ; pods 4-sided, and striated with elevated nerves. O- H. Native of Spain, very common in wheat fields, Austria, Transylvania, and Iberia. Brassica Austriaca, Jacq. austr. p. 45. t. 283, Brassica lutea, Gilib. fl. lith. in Ust. del. op. 2. p. 361. Brassica perfoliata var. /3, Lam. diet. 1. p. 748. Brassica orientalis ft, Pers. ench. 2. p. 206. Crantzia ochro- leuca, Lag. fl. hisp. ined. Gorinkia Austriaca, Presl. fl. cech. p. 141. Very like E. perfoliatum, and is often confused with it, but it differs in the flowers being a little smaller, yellow, or cream-coloured, not white, and in the pods being more erect. Austrian Treacle-Mustard, or Hares-ear. FL May, June. Clt. 1806. PL 1 to 1J foot. t Species not sufficiently known, but probably all referable to Sect. HI. Erysimastrum. 44 E. ALTI'SSIMUM (Lejeune, fl. spa. 2. p. 70.) $ . H. Na- tive in mountain woods between Verviers and Limbourg. Leaves linear-lanceolate, channelled, quite entire. Petals pale-yellow, obcordate. Pods 4-sided, terminated by a two-lobed stigma. Stem erect, much branched, greyish-white from appressed hairs, as well as the leaves. Flowers yellow. Tallest Treacle-Mustard. FL Ju. July. Clt. 1818. PL 3 feet. 45 E. BI'COLOR (D. C. syst. 2. p. 509.) $ . H. Native of Switzerland. Cheiranthus bicolor, Horn. hafn. 2. p. 613. Leaves lanceolate, lower ones remotely-toothed, upper ones quite entire. Pods spreading, 4-sided. Flowers yellow. Two-coloured Treacle-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PL 1 to H foot. 46 E. PU'MILUM (Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 613.) $ . H. Na- tive of Switzerland. Leaves somewhat toothed, lower ones spa- tulately-ovate ; upper ones linear ; pods much spreading, 4- sided. Cheiranthus piimilus, Horn. &c. Flowers yellow. Z>w>ar/ Treacle-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PL | to | feet. 47 E. PA' TULUM (Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. 73.) $ . H. Na- tive of — ? Leaves lyrately-pinnatifid, rather scabrous, upper ones sinuated. Pods spreading. Flowers yellow. Spreading-poAded Treacle-Mustard. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. PL? 48 E. SYLVA'TICUM (Bieb. fl.taur. suppl.p. 441.) -leaved Wart-Cress. Fl. Nov. PI. 1 foot long. SECT. III. COTYLI'SCUS (from KOTV\T), kotyle, a hollow ; valves of silicles concave). D. C. syst. 2. p. 526. prod. 1. p. 203. Silicles not crested on the back, not emarginate at the top, hence they are concave or nearly flat. 8 S. NILO'TICA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 527.) radical leaves pinnate- parted ; lobes deeply-serrated ; upper leaves almost entire ; pods compressed, rather boat-shaped. O- H. Native of the islands in the Nile in Lower Egypt. Cochlearia Nilotica, Delile ill. fl. acgyp. p. 19. descr. p. 101. t. 34. f. 2. Cotyliscus Niloticus, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 164. and 175. t. 25. f. 13. Coronopus Niloticus, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 853. Herb smooth. Stems erect, lower branches very long and spreading. Pods reniform, pointed with the sessile stigma. This plant is eaten as a salad in Egypt. Nile Wart-Cress. PI. 1 to 2 feet. Cult. As these plants possess no beauty, they are not worth cultivating, except in botanical gardens. They only require to be sown in the open ground, in any kind of soil. LXX. LEPI'DIUM (from Xtn-te \tirt£oc, lepis lepidos, a scale ; in allusion to the form of the pods, which resemble little scales). R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 85. D. C. syst. 2. p. 527. prod. 1. p. 203. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculdsa. Silicle ovate, or some- what cordate, dehiscent, with keeled (f. 47. a.) or rarely ventricose valves, and 1 -seeded cells. Seeds somewhat triquetrous or com- pressed. Herbs or small sub-shrubs. Stems round, branched. Leaves simple or variously cut. Racemes terminal, erect, elon- gating as they grow ; pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers small, white. SECT. I. CARDA'RIA (from KapSia, kardia, the heart ; shape of silicles). D. C. syst. 2. p. 528. prod. 1. p. 203. Cardio- lepis, Wallr. Sched. 340. Silicle ovate-cordate, with somewhat turgid, wingless valves. Style long, filiform. 1 L. DRA'BA (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 645.) pods somewhat turgid, cordate, entire at the top, terminated by the style ; leaves stem- clasping, lanceolate, toothed. ©• H. Native in cultivated fields, especially in the south of Europe, from Spain to Tauria, and from Greece to Paris, &c. Cochlearia Draba, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 904. Jacq. austr. t. 315. Nasturtium Draba, Crantz. austr. 91. Cardaria Draba, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 163. Draba rude- ralis, Baumg. transyl. 2. p. 233. Jundzillia Draba, Andrz. cruc. ined. Stem solitary, erect, pubescent, corymbosely- branched at the top. Leaves greyish from down, or smooth. Cotyledons obovate-oblong, thick. Whitlow Pepperwort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1596. PI. 1 foot. SECT. II. ELLIPSAVRIA (from ellipsis, an ellipsis ; shape of silicles). D. C. syst. 2. p. 530. prod. 1. p. 203. Silicle ellip- tical, with keeled wingless valves. Style long, filiform. 2 L. CHALEPE'NSE (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 321. spec. ed. 2. p. 898.) pods elliptical, twice the length of pedicels ; style filiform ; leaves lanceolate, toothed, with acute, stem-clasping auricles. O- H. Native of the Levant in fields about Aleppo. VOL. i. — PART in. Var. a, glabratum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 530.) smooth ; leaves acute- ly toothed, from the base to beyond the middle ; racemes rather loose. — Mor. oxon. 2. p. 314. sect. 3. t. 25. the second figure in the lower range. Var. f3, pubescens (D. C. syst. 1. c.) pubescent ; fructiferous racemes more loose and with longer pedicels. Native of Syria near Damascus. Var. -y, canescens (D. C. syst. 1. c.) plant much more villous and grey than the last variety, and the racemes are shorter. Native of Mount Lebanon near Abra. Aleppo Pepperwort. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1798. PI. 1 foot. 3 L. OXY'OTUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 530.) pods elliptical, pube- rulous, rather longer than the pedicels ; style filiform ; leaves oblong, somewhat toothed, sub-hastate, with acute auricles at the base. O? H. Native of Syria. Stems pubescent. Leaves covered with scattered hairs. Petals length of calyx, with their claws filiform. Seeds ovate, brown. Sharp-eared-leaved Pepperwort. PI. ^ foot. 4 L. GLASTiFo1 LIUM (Desf. atl. 2. p. 66. 1. 147.) pods ellip- tical, smooth, shorter than the pedicels ; style filiform ; leaves oblong, bluntly toothed, with blunt, stem-clasping auricles. ©? H. Native of Algiers in shady parts of mountains. Thlaspi glastif61ium, Poir. diet. 7. p. 538. Lepia glastifolia, Desv. jour, bot. 3. p. 166. Stems branched at the top, erect, pubescent from short hairs. Uppermost leaves quite entire. Petals obo- vate, double the length of the calyx. Woad-leavcd Pepperwort. PL 1 to 2 feet. 5 L. AMPLEXICAU'LE (Willd. spec. 3. p. 436.) pods roundish, terminated by the short style ; leaves undivided, oblong-lanceolate, sagittate, sessile, toothed at the top. 1£. H. Native of Siberia. Stems smooth, furnished with branches from the base, which rise the height of the stem. Flowers and silicles the same as those of L. latifolium. Stem-clasping -leave d Pepperwort. PI. 1 foot. SECT. III. BRADYPI'PTUM (from /3pa£ue, bradys, late, and •irnrTu, pipto, to fall off; calyx almost permanent.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 531. prod. 1. p. 204. Silicle elliptical, with keeled valves. Style short. Calyx permanent. Stem leaves neither stem- clasping nor auricled. 6 L. CJESPITO'SUM (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p.165. and 178.) pods ovate, with a narrow notch at the apex ; style very short ; calyx permanent ; leaves linear, entire, permanent. I/ . H. Native of Armenia. Stems pubescent, sparingly branched. Radical leaves tufted, pilose, glaucous. Sepals oval-oblong, with mem- branous margins, permanent, at length reflexed. TV/Jed-leaved Pepperwort. PI. -j foot. 7 L. CORONOPIFO'LIUM (Fisch. in cat. hort. gor. 1808. p. 79.) pods elliptical, entire, somewhat puberulous ; terminated by a very short style ; calyx almost permanent ; cauline leaves linear, very entire, radical ones pinnate-lobed. Tf.. H. Native of Si- beria near Sarepta at the south Volga. L. laciniatum, Willd. herb, from Stev. obs. ined. The whole of the herb is very smooth, except the pods. Stem erect, much branched, flexuous. Buck-horn-leaved Pepperwort. Fl. May, July. C!t. 1823. PI. | to | foot. 8 L. ? HUMBO'LDTII (D. C. syst. 2. p. 532.) pods ovate, emarginate, pointed by the short style ; calyx permanent ; radical leaves bipinnate, cauline ones pinnatifid. Native of arid places near Chillo in Quito, at the height of 4020 feet. Herb branched, erect, rarely procumbent. Flowers minute, pedicelled. Petals a little shorter than the calyx. Senebiera dubia, H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 76. Humboldt's Pepperwort. PL ^ to ^ foot. SECT. IV. CA'RDAMON (KapSapor, kardamon, water-cress ; hot Ff 218 CRUCIFER^:. LXX. LEPIDIUM. taste of plants). D. C. syst. 2. p. 533. prod. 1. p. 204. Silicle somewhat orbicular, emarginate, with navicular valves, which are winged on their back (f. 47. a.) Cotyledons parted. 9 L. SATiVuM (Lin. spec. 899.) pods orbicular, winged ; leaves variously cut and divided ; branches not spiny. O- H. Na- tive of Persia and the island of Cyprus, in corn-fields. Smith, fl. grsec. t. 616. Bois. fl. eur. t. 440. f. 2. Schkuhr. handb. 2, no. 1782. 1. 180. Thlaspi sativum, Crantz. austr. 1. p. 21. Lepia sativa, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 165. Herb erect, branched, smooth, somewhat glaucous. Far. fl, crispum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 534.) leaves much cut and curled. Nasturtium crispum, J. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 913. f. 1. — Mor. oxon. 2. p. 301. sect. 3. 1. 19. f. 3. Var. y, latifdlium (D. C. 1. c.) leaves flat, little divided. — Mor. oxon. 2. p. 300. sect. 3. t. 19. f. 2. Garden-cress (Eng.), Cresson (Fr.), Gemeine kresse (Germ.), Creseione (Ital.). " This is cultivated in gardens for the young leaves, which are used in salads, and have a peculiarly warm and grateful relish. It ranks among gardeners as the principal of small salads. The varieties are as follows, viz. 1 . The common plain-leaved ; prin- cipally cultivated. 2. The curled-leaved, var. /3, above, is equally good as a salad, and preferable as a garnish. The broad- leaved var. y above, is less cultivated as a salad, but grown in fields for rearing young turkeys, &c. " All the varieties are raised from seed, of which one ounce, or one-eighth of a pint, will suffice for a bed four feet by four feet. Cress should be raised three or four times every month, as it may be in demand to have crops delicately young in succes- sion. For culture in the open garden begin in the first, second, or third week in March, as a forward spring may bring mild weather or otherwise ; allot some warm situation for the early spring sowings, and if the weather take a cold turn, either put on a spare frame or cover with matting between sunset and sun- rise. When spring is confirmed, sow in any open compartment. At the beginning of summer the same ; but in hot dry weather either sow in a shady border, or if the situation be open, shade with mats in the middle of the day. For autumn sowings, when cold weather is approaching, allot some warm border and give occasional protection. When crops are in demand through- out winter, either sow in a moderate hot-bed, or in cradles to be placed in a stove ; pans filled with rotten tan are to be preferred to pots or boxes with mould. From the last fortnight of October till the 1st of March, it will be almost fruitless to sow in the open garden ; but a terrace sloping south under a frame, may be used at the decline of the year and most early part of spring, as the intermediate step between the open garden and hot-bed, if more within the means at command. During this interval, some market-gardeners sow it just within the glasses which cover larger plants." " The cress is often raised on porSus earthenware vessels of a conical form, having small gutters on the sides for retaining the seeds. These are called pyramids ; they are somewhat ornamental in winter, and afford repeated gatherings. '' Having allotted a fine piece of mellow soil to receive the seed, dig the surface, and rake it finally preparatory to sowing, which mostly perform in small, flat, shallow drills, four, five, or six inches asunder. Sow the seed very thick, and earth over very lightly, or but just thinly cover. Give occasional waterings in dry seasons." " To gather cress in perfection, cut them while moderately young, either clean to the root, or only the tops of advanced plants. These last will shoot again for future gatherings, but the leaves will be hotter, and not so mild or tender as those of younger plants." To save seed. — Either sow a portion in the spring for that 1 purpose, or leave some rows of any overgrown old crop in April or May. The plants will yield seed in autumn. Cultivated or Common Garden Cress. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1548. PI. 1 to 1| foot. 10 L. SPIKE'SCENS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 534.) pods oval, winged, emarginate (f. 47. a.); leaves cut at the top; racemes spinescent at the top. 0 ? H. Native of Syria about Damas- cus. A smooth, branched herb. Cotyledons as in L. oleraceum incumbent, 3-parted. Stems whitish. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 72. Fructiferous racemes spiny at the top. Spinescent Cress. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to \\ foot. SECT. V. LE'PIA (from Xtn-tc, lepis, a scale ; form of silicles). D. C. syst. 2. p. 534. prod. 1. p. 204, Silicle somewhat orbi- cular, emarginate, with navicular, winged valves ; wings adhering to the style ; style very short. Cotyledons entire. 11 L. CAMPE'STRE (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 465.) pods ovate, winged, emarginate, scaly; cauline leaves sagittate, toothed. O- H. Native of cultivated fields and by way-sides in Europe from Spain to Sweden, from England to Turkey, and in Tauria ; plentiful in Britain. Thlaspi campestre, Lin. spec. 902. Vahl. fl. dan. 1. 1221. Curt. lond. 5. t. 45. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1385. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1793. t. 180. Thlaspi hirsutum, var. a. Lam. fl. fr. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 465. Thlaspi mon- tanum, Poir. diet. 7. p. 536. Lepia campestris, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 165. The whole herb is grey from small, simple, crowded hairs. Stem erect, simple at the base and branched at the top. Var. ft, subglabrum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 335.) leaves smooth; pods elliptical. — Mor. oxon. 2. p. 293. sect. 3. t. 17. f. 13. Pet. brit. t. 50. f. 8. Native of Spain in the mountains of Leon, also in England in cultivated fields near Warrington. Var. y, hirtmn (Huds. ang. 281.) plant rather hairy. Native of England in corn-fields near Bath. Field Mithridate Pepperwort. Fl. July. Britain. PI. i to -| ft. 12 L. HI'RTUM (Smith, compen. ed. 3. p. 98. engl. bot. 1. 1803.) pods ovate, winged, emarginate, hairy ; cauline leaves sagittate, villous, almost entire. I/ . or $ . H. Native in fields and hilly ground in many parts of the south of Europe, particularly in Spain about Madrid, and in Valencia ; in the olive region of France ; in Italy, south of Austria, Transylvania, and Sicily ; in Britain, in mountainous situations in Wales and elsewhere ; Scotland, in Perthshire near the seat of the Earl of Kinnoul, and by the river Earn ; in Angusshire between Brichen and Montrose ; at Browston in Suffolk. Thlaspi hirtum, Lin. spec. 901. Medik. nov. gen. t. 2. f. 18. Thlaspi hirsutum /3, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 465. L&pia hirta, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 166. Lepia Bonnaniana, Presl. ex Spreng. Very like the preceding species. Hairy Mithridate Pepperwort. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. £ to | foot. 13 L. LEIOCA'RPUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 536.) pods oval, winged, emarginate, smooth, boat-shaped. O ? H. Native of mount Lebanon. Flowers and cauline leaves unknown. Seed like those of L. hirtum. Radical leaves lanceolate. Smooth-podded Mithridate Pepperwort. PL \ to -| foot. 14 L. ROTU'NDUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 537.) pods oval, winged, emarginate, smooth ; cauline leaves lanceolate-linear, somewhat fleshy, smooth. — Native of New Holland at King George's Sound. Lepia rotunda, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 166 and 181. Stem slender, branched from the base. Flowers unknown. Seeds large, brown. Cotyledons thick. Round Mithridate Pepperwort. Fl. June, July. PI. i foot. 15 L. SPINO'SUM (Lin. mant. 253.) pods oblong, winged, emar- ginate, somewhat 2-horned, smooth ; radical leaves pinnate ; lobes cut. O- H. Native of the Levant. Ard. specim. 2. p. 34. t. 16. Capsella spinosa, Medik. in Ust. new. arm. 2. p. 46. CRUCIFER^:. LXX. LEPIDRM. 219 Thlaspi spinosum, Poir. diet. 7. p. 545. Thlaspi bispinosum, Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 604. Herb smooth, erect, branched ; lower cauline leaves irregularly-lobed, upper ones linear-lanceo- late, entire. Flowers small. Margins of sepals white. Spiny-yodded Mithridate Pepperwort. Fl. April, Sep. Clt. 1787. PL 1ft. SECT. VI. DILE'PTIUM (a name given by Rafinsque, the meaning of which is not explained by him.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 538. prod. 1. p. 205. Silicle almost elliptical, somewhat emarginate at the top, with keeled wingless valves. Style very short. Flowers very small, sometimes 2 or 4-androus, rarely apetalous. 10 L. VIRGI'NICUM (Lin. spec. 900.) pods orbicular, emar- ginate, shorter than the pedicels ; flowers with 2 or 4 stamens ; cauline leaves linear lanceolate, deeply serrated, smooth. ©. H. Native of waste land and gravelly places in North America, from New York to Carolina, also at Nootka Sound ; in Monte Video, Cuba, Tobago, Jamaica, and St. Domingo. L. Iberis, Schkuhr. handb. 2. p. 222. t. 180. Thlaspi Virginianum, Poir. diet. 7. p. 544. L. triandra, Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 426. L. Pollichii, Roth. fl. germ. 2. t. 91 ? Thlaspi Virginicum, Cav. prsel. no. 935. Horn. hafn. 605. Herb smooth, branched ; lower leaves pinnate-lobed. Petals obovate, blunt. Seeds oval, com- pressed. Cotyledons linear. Virginian Pepperwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1713. PI. 1 foot. 17 L. SPICA TUM (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 164 and 178.) pods orbicular, emarginate, somewhat longer than the pedicels ; leaves linear, entire, smooth. 0. H. Native of the Straits of Magel- lan. An erect smooth herb, very like L. Virginicum. Leaves pressed to the stem. Pods as if they were imbricated. Spicate-podded Pepperwort. PI. £ to 1 foot. 18 L. MENZI'ESII (D. C. syst. 2. p. 539.) pods orbicular, somewhat emarginate ; leaves pubescent, radical ones pinnate- parted, lobes cut; upper leaves linear entire. 1£ ? H. Native of the western coast of North America. Allied to L. Virginicum, but differing in the leaves being pubescent, not smooth. Stems erect, branched at the top. Menzies's Pepperwort. PI. 3 or 4 inches. 19 L. SUBULA'TUM (Lin. spec. 899.) pods ovate, somewhat emarginate ; leaves subulate, entire ; stem suffruticose. ^ . H. Native of Spain on gypsaceous hills. Asso syn. arrag. p. 83. t. 6. f. 3. Thlaspi subulatum, Cav. prael. no. 935. Stems many, branched, tufted, covered with fine down or smooth. Calyx white, spreading. Petals obovate. Subulate-leaved Pepperwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1 739. PI. i to | foot. 20 L. RUDERA^IE (Lin. spec. 900.) pods ovate, emarginate, spreading, shorter than the pedicels ; leaves smooth, radical ones pinnate-lobed, those of the branches are linear and entire ; flowers diandrous, petalless. 0. H. Native of waste grounds and by way-sides throughout the whole of Europe, also in Tau- ria, Siberia, and Dauria ; in New Holland but probably intro- duced ; in Brasil ; in England, especially near the sea- side, in a muddy or calcareous soil. At Yarmouth, Cley, and Lynn, Nor- folk, plentifully ; at Truro, Cornwall, and Maiden, Essex ; below Bristol ; by the side of the Severn above Worcester. CEder. fl. dan. t. 184. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1786. t. 180. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1595. Nasturtium ruderale, Scop. earn. ed. 2. p. 801. Iberis ruderalis, Crantz. austr. 21. Thlaspi ruderale, All. ped. 917. Senckenbergia ruderalis, Fl. wett. 2. p. 213. Thlaspi tenuifblium, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 467. Herb smooth, erect, much branched, glaucous, fetid, and pungent when bruised. Rubbish Pepperwort. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. ^ to 1 ft. 21 L. INCI'SUM (Roth. nov. cat. 1. p. 224.) pods orbiculate, deeply emarginate ; flowers diandrous ; lower leaves oblong, lyrately pinnate-lobed, middle ones broad-lanceolate, deeply- toothed, upper ones linear. ©. H. Native of waste land and by way-sides in Siberia, Caucasus, and Tauria. Thlaspi apeta- lum, Poir. diet. 7. p. 547. Very like L. ruderale, but differing in the upper leaves being linear-lanceolate, broader, and a little more glaucous, and in the pods being a little larger. Cut-leaved Pepperwort. Fl.May, Ju. Clt. 1824. PI. -J- to £ ft. 22 L. HUMIFU'SUM (Requien ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 241.) stem prostrate, pubescent at the top ; lower leaves lyrate, upper ones sagittate, entire ; petals thrice as long as calyx ; silicles smooth. © ? H. Native of Corsica. Trailing Pepperwort. PI. trailing. 23 L. VESICA'HIUM (Lin. spec. 898.) pods elliptical, deeply emarginate ; leaves pinnate ; lobes linear ; joints of stem in- flated. 0. H. Native of arid, stony, or sterile places, and on old walls, in eastern Caucasus and Iberia, also of Persia ; on old walls of the city of Casbin. Hill. veg. syst. 11. t. 41. f. 3. — Buxb. cent. 1. p. 17. t. 26. A smooth herb, with dicho- tomous branches. Seeds almost oblong-triquetrous. Bladdery-jointed Pepperwort. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 24 L. ANGULOSUM (D. Urv. enum. no. 578.) pods ovate, some- what emarginate ; leaves all pinnate ; segments deeply-toothed ; stem very smooth, flexuous, angularly-furrowed. ©. H. Native of waste land about the city of Theodosia. Differs from L. vesicdrium in not having tumid joints, from L. perfoliatum by the tipper leaves not being perfoliate. -dngu/ar-stemmed Pepperwort. PI. -J- to 1 foot. 25 L. PERFOLIA'IUM (Lin. spec. 897.) pods elliptical, some- what emarginate ; lower leaves stalked, pinnate, with multifid lobes ; upper leaves cordate, entire, stem-clasping. ©. H. Native of Spain, Austria, Transylvania, island of Scio, Syria, Persia, Tauria, &c. in uncultivated fields. Jacq. austr. t. 346. A variety of this plant, with larger fruit, was gathered near Tiflis in Tauria. A smooth herb, with the stems branched at the top, remarkable for the different forms of the leaves. Perfoliate-leaved Pepperwort. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1640. PI. | to | foot. 26 L. CAKDA'MINES (Lin. amcen. 4. p. 278.) pods oval, some- what emarginate ; leaves pinnate, with ovate, entire lobes, ter- minal lobe large and roundish. $ . F, Native of Spain by way- sides about Madrid. Ard. specim. 1. p. 18. 1. 19. — Lin. in act. stockh. 1755. t. 8 and 9. Thlaspi Cardamines, Poir. diet. 7. p. 545. A smooth herb, with a woody root, somewhat pubescent in the racemes. Stems in the spontaneous plants diffuse, ascen- dant in the cultivated plants, erect. Petals obovate, hardly un- quiculate. Pods and pedicels pubescent. Cardamon Pepperwort or Spanish Cress. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1789. PL 1 to 2 feet. 27 L. DIVARICAVTUM (Hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 441.) pods oval, somewhat emarginate, approximate ; lower leaves pinnate- parted, with divaricate acute lobes ; those of the branches linear ; stem much branched. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thlaspi divaricatum, Poir. diet. 7. p. 543. A smooth branched pale-green shrub. Z>zt>ancated-branched Pepperwort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1774. PL If foot. 28 L. BONARIE'NSE (Lin. spec. 901.) pods orbicular, emar- ginate ; flowers diandrous ; leaves all pinnately-multifid, very minutely ciliated ; stem smooth. ©. H. Native of Buenos Ayres and about Monte Video. Thlaspi Bonariense, Poir. diet. 7. p. 543. T. multifidum, Poir. diet. 7. p. 545. A smooth herb, with an acrid taste. Stem branched. Dill. elth. t. 286. f. 370. Buenos Ayrean Pepperwort. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1 732. PI. 2 ft. 29 L. BIPINNATI'FIDUM (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 165 and 177.) pods oval, emarginate ; leaves pinnate-parted, with the mid-rib F f 2 220 CRUCIFERjE. LXX. LEPIDICM. winged ; lobes multifid ; branches pubescent. — Native of Sjouth America, in Peru about Cheuchin. Stems branched. Leaves smooth. Pods smooth, one-half shorter than the pedicels. Bipinnatifid-}eaved Pepperwort. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 30 L. CHICHICA'RA (Desv. journ. hot. 3. p. 165 and 179.) pods obovate, emarginate ; leaves smooth, lower ones pinnatifid, with denticulated lobes ; upper leaves ovate-oblong, equally toothed. 0. H. Native of Para in Brasil. Stems trailing, spreading, much branched. Chichicara is the name of the plant at Para. Chichicara Pepperwort. PI. trailing. 31 L. PUBE'SCENS (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 165 and 180.) pods retusely emarginate, winged ; leaves smooth, pinnatifid ; lobes linear, sparingly toothed ; stem and pedicels villous. — Native of Para in Brazil. Stems prostrate, pubescent, branched. Leaves smooth. Margins of pods winged. Pubescent-branched Pepperwort. PI. prostrate. 32 L. IBEROI'DES (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 165 and 176.) pods elliptical, somewhat emarginate ; leaves linear, lower ones toothed at the top. O- H. Native of the Mauritius. Stems erect, smooth, branched ; branches filiform. Pods rather shorter than the pedicels, with keeled wingless valves. Candy-Tuft-like Pepperwort. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 33 L. SOBDENTA'TUM (Burch. cat. geogr. pi. afri. austr. extra trop. no. 1299.) pods elliptical, bluntly emarginate ; flowers dian- drous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at base and toothed at top, upper ones linear-entire. I/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope on the bank of rivulets in Roggevelds-Karro. A smooth branched herb, somewhat shrubby at the base. Flowers probably apetalous. Subdentate-\ea\ed Pepperwort. PI. 1 foot. 34 L. CUNEIFOLIUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 545.) pods oval-rhom- boid, emarginate ; leaves wedge-shaped, and entire at the base, obovate and acutely- serrated at the apex. O- H. Native of New South Wales. Branches furnished with branchlets at the top. Sepals white. Racemes when in flower short. Wedge-leaved Pepperwort. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 ft. 35 L. HYSSOFIFOLIUM (Desv. journ.'bot. 3. p. 164 and 179.) pods oval, emarginate ; stigma sessile, capitate ; leaves linear- lanceolate, remotely-toothed, smooth. 0 ? H. Native of New Holland about Hawkesbury. Stem tall, smooth, branched ; branches long, divaricate. Differing from L. piscidium in the leaves being toothed, and from L. oleraceum in the leaves being narrower, and not dilated at the top. Hyssop-leaved Pepperwort. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt.1820. PI. 2 to 3 ft. 36 L. FOLIOSUM (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 164 and 180.) pods oval-rhomboid, emarginate ; style a little exserted ; leaves ob- long, blunt, crowded, coarsely toothed at the top. ©? H. Native of rfew Holland. A robust erect branched herb. Branches thickly beset with rather fleshy leaves. Pods double the size of those of L. piscidium. Leafy Pepperwort. Fl. ? PI. 1 foot. 37 L. PISCI'DIUM (Forst. prod. no. 249.) pods oblong-obovate, emarginate; stigma exserted; leaves oval-oblong, toothed, backwards or very entire. ©. H. Native of the Society Islands and Sandwich islands. L. bidentatum, Montin. nov. act. nat. cur. 6. p. 324. t. 5. a. Stems erect, smooth, branched at the top. This plant is used by the natives of the Society islands for the purpose of catching fish by inebriating them. It was used by the English voyagers as a salad, but it was found ex- tremely pungent. Fish-poison Pepperwort. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1 779. PI. 1 foot. 38 L. O-WAHIE'NSIS (Schlecht. et Cham, in Limuea. 1. p. 32.) silicles orbicular, emarginate ; stigma sessile, inclosed ; leaves obovate, tapering into the petiole, coarsely serrated. I/ . H. Native of the Sandwich islands. This species differs from L. piscidium in the leaves being more serrated, and in the silicles being almost orbicular and profoundly emarginate, with the stigma inclosed, not elliptical, with the style exserted beyond the recess, as in that species. Flowers small, white. O-Wahu Pepperwort. PI. 1 foot. 39 L. No V*>HOLLA'NDLE (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 177.) pods oblong-rhomboid, truncate ; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, entire or toothed at the top. Jj . G. Native of New Holland. Stems hard, woody at the base, much branched. Branches angular, smooth, or somewhat spiny. Leaves somewhat fleshy, smooth. New Holland Pepperwort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 to 2 ft. SECT. VII. LEPIDIA'STRUM (altered from Ltpidium.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 547. prod. 1. p. 207. Pods somewhat elliptical, quite entire, with wingless keeled valves. Style very short. 40 L. OLERA'CEUM (Forst. prod. no. 248.) pods ovate, acutish ; leaves smooth, elliptical-oblong, deeply serrated; upper ones entire, but rather serrated at the apex. ©. H. Native of New Zealand on the sea-shore. A smooth branched erectish herb. Stamens 4. This plant is a powerful anti-scorbutic, and is found of great service to the crews of ships visiting New_ Zealand. It re- sembles lettuce in taste, and acts as a moderate aperient. Pot-herb Pepperwort. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1824. PI. from 1 to 3 ft. 41 L. CRI'SPUM (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 165 and 176.) pods elliptically -rhomboid; stigma somewhat exserted; leaves ob- ovate, toothed, with curled margins. O 1 H. Native of New Holland at Bass Strait. Herb erect, branched, smooth. Branches angular. Leaves rather fleshy. Seeds rufous, about the size of those of L. sativum. Curled-leaved Pepperwort. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 42 L. LYRA'TUM (Lin. spec. 899.) pods ovate, pointed with the style ; lower leaves stalked, lyrately-pinnate ; lobes deeply cut, terminal one large. O- H. Native of Armenia near Mount Ararat. Stem erect, branched. Tourn. voy. 2. p. 339. icon. Zyrate-leaved Pepperwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. PI. 2 or 3 feet. 43 L. LATIFOLIUM (Lin. spec. 899.) pods ovate, pointed with the stigma; leaves ovate-lanceolate, undivided, a little serrated, lower ones on long footstalks. If. . H. Native of Europe, from Spain to Sweden, from England to Greece, also of Algiers ; about Astracan ; in Siberia in salt marshes and wet sandy shady places under cliffs, generally near the sea ; in England in several parts of Essex and Yorkshire ; below Sheringham cliffs, Norfolk. Fl. dan. t. 557. Smith, engl. bot. 182. The whole plant is very pungent, acrid, and ulcerating. Root creeping. Herb erect, smooth. Leaves broad, rather fleshy. The young leaves are sometimes eaten as a salad. It was formerly used in place of horse-radish. An infusion of it will vomit. Having a hot biting taste like pepper, and the leaves having been often used by coun- try people to give a relish to their viands instead of pepper, it had the appellation of Poor Man's Pepper. Broad-leaved Pepperwort. Fl. July. Britain. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 44 "L. CRASSirbnuM (Walds. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 4. t. 4.) pods pointed by the stigma ; leaves smooth, somewhat fleshy, entire, radical ones stalked, ovate, cauline ones sessile, sagittate. If. . H. Native of salt-marshes, or dry and sterile places impregnated with salt, in Hungary near Eimstadt, &c. ; in Tauria at the Bosphorus ; in the island of Taman ; in the Kuman steppe ; near the rivers Volga and Kuma, &c. L. salinum, Pall. ined. L. verrucosum, D. C. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. an. vii. p. 145. L. Candolii, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 165. Herb glaucous, usually many-stemmed ; these are clothed at the neck with the remnants of the old leaves. Flowers like those of L. latifblium. Thick-leaved Pepperwort. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. PI. £ ft. 45 L. AFFI'NE (Ledeb. from Link. enum. hort. berl. 2. p. 152.) pods pointed with the style, at last smooth; leaves ovate- lanceolate, all serrated ; serratures of the upper leaves acumi- CRUCIFER.E. LXX. LEPIDIUM. LXXI. BrvoN*A. 221 nated, spreading. If. . H. Native of Siberia. Root creeping. Flowers larger and fewer than those of L. latifblium, which the whole plant very much resembles. Allied Pepperwort. Fl. July. Clt. 1819. PI. 2 or 3 feet. 46 L. SUFPRUTICOSUM (Lin. mant. 91.) pods elliptical, pointed with the style ; stems fruticose ; radical leaves obovate-oblong, toothed, cauline ones linear, entire. \i . H. Native of Spain. L. graminifolium, Cav. icon. 2. p. 41. t. 161. f. 2. Stem simple or hardly branched. Seeds rufous, compressed. Suffruticose Pepperwort. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 168,1 PI. 2 ft. 47 L. UNEAVRE (D. C. in diet, encycl. 5. p. 46.) pods ovate, .somewhat pointed by the sessile stigma; stems suffruticose; ra- dical leaves pinnate, with few distant lobes, the rest linear-subu- late and entire. Tj • H. Native of Spain. Very like L. subulatum, but differs from it in the pods not being emarginate, as well as in the lower leaves being pinnate. Stems smooth or greyish from minute down. Linear-leaved. Pepperwort. Fl. July. Aug. Clt. 1823. PL \ to | ft. 48 L. IBE'RIS (Lin. spec. 900. from the synonyms.) pods ovate, pointed with the stigma ; radical leaves cut or pinnate ; cauline ones linear, entire ; stem much branched. If. . H. Na- tive of waste ground and by way-sides in middle and south Europe, also in Tauria and Siberia. Lepidium graminifolium, Lin. spec. 900. L. gramfneum, Lam. fl. fr. 2. -p. 469. L. miscel- laneorum, Schultz, obs. no. 940. L. diandrum, Medik. in Ust. new. ann. 2. p. 45. L. exiguiflorum, Clairv. herb. val. 214. — Tabern. icon. 848 — Lob. icon. 223. f. 2. — Mor. oxon. 2. p. 311. sect. 3. t. 21. f. 1. — Sab. hort. rom. 4. t. 14. A very va- riable plant. Herb smooth, erect, branched, slender. Ccmdy-Tvft^ Pepperwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1793. PL If ft. 49 L. CAPK'NSE (Thunb. prod. 107.) pods ovate, pointed with the sessile stigma ; flowers diandrous ; lower leaves stalked, pinnate-parted, middle ones serrated, upper ones entire. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope on the north side of mount Leone. Stems many, rising from the neck, decumbent, or ascen- dant, much branched, downy. Leaves smooth. Cape Pepperwort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. PL | to £ ft. long. 50 L. FLEXUOSUM (Thunb. prod. 107.) pods ovate, pointed with the style ; leaves oblong, entire, radical ones stalked, cau- line ones half stem-clasping ; stems decumbent, flexuous. Tf. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope by the sea-side. Herb smooth, glaucous. Stems many, from the same root. Flexuous-stemmedi Pepperwort. PL 5 to -J foot long. 51 L. AFRICA'NUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 552.) pods elliptical, pointed by the stigma ; radical leaves lyrately-pinnate ; lobes cut, terminal one large ; middle leaves cut or pinnate, uppermost ones entire. Tf. ? fj ? G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 73. Thlaspi Africanum, Burm. fl. cap. p. 1 7. Caudex woody, with annual pubescent stems, which are erect or ascendant. African Pepperwort. Fl. ^ to £ foot. 52 L. BIPINNA'TUM (Thunb. prod. 107.) pods ? radical leaves bipinnate-parted ; lobes filiform. If. . 17 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This species has at first sight the appear- ance of Fimpinella dioica. Stems suffruticose. Fruit unknown. Bipinnate-leaved Pepperwort. PL 1 foot. •f- Species not sufficiently known. 53 L. PINNA'TUM (Thunb. prod. 107.) stem shrubby, erect; leaves all pinnate. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Pinnate-leaved Pepperwort. PL 1 foot ? 54 L. FRUTICULOSUM (Desv. journ. hot. 3. p. 165 and 180.) fy . G. Native of New Holland. Leaves smooth, somewhat fleshy, ovate-lanceolate. Pods oblong, narrowed at the top, blunt or somewhat truncate, shorter than the pedicels. Stem shrubby, tall. Branches divaricate, somewhat dichotomous, round, whitish, few-flowered. Shrubby Pepperwort. PL 2 or 3 feet ? 55 L. DECU MBENS (Desv. journ. hot. 3. p. 165 and 176 Native ? L. divaricatum, Willd. hort. berl. Leaves as if they were stalked, deeply-toothed. Pods ovate-oblong, roundish at the top. Style scarcely exserted. Stems annual, much branched, elongated, decumbent, hardly pubescent. Decumbent Pepperwort. PL decumbent. 56 L. ? TUBEROSUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 554.) I/. H. Native of Louisiana. Nasturtium tuberbsum, Raf. fl. lud. p. 84. no. 271. Root tuberous, white*. Stem erect, branched, smooth. Radical leaves pinnate ; leaflets toothed, terminal one large, hastate ; cauline leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate toothed. Racemes lax. Pgds roundish, emarginate. Stigma sessile. Perhaps a species of Thlaspi, allied to Thlaspi tuberosum. Tuberous-rooted Pepperwort. Fl. Feb. PL 1 foot. 57 L. PR^'COX (D. C. syst. 2. p. 554.) If.. H. Native of Louisiana. Dileptium prae'cox, Raf. fl. lud. p. 86. no. 273. Stem erect, branched. Radical leaves pinnate ; cauline leaves pinnatifid. Petals equal in length to the calyx. Early-fiowermg Pepperwort. Fl. Feb. PL 1 foot. 58 L. DIFFU'SUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 554.) — Native of Louisi- ana. Dileptium diffusum, Raf. fl. lud. p. 85. no. 272. Stems procumbent, diffuse, much branched. Leaves small, pinnatifid ; lobes toothed. Racemes loose, axillary and terminal. Petals very minute, shorter than the calyx. Eatable as water-cress. Diffuse Pepperwort. Fl. April. PL 1 foot long. 59 L. POLLI'CHII (Roth. fl. germ. 2. p. 91.) Q. H. Native of Germany. L. Iberis, Poll. pal. no. 607. This plant is some- times received under the name of L. satwum var. laciniatum. Pollich's Pepperwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PL 1 foot. 60 L. CORDA'TUM (.Willd. herb, from Stev. obs. ined.) — Native of Siberia. Plant glaucous. Leaves cordate-oblong, quite en- tire, stem- clasping. L. amplexicaule, Stev. herb, not Willd. Heart-leaved Pepperwort. PL 1 foot. 61 L. PROCU'MBENS (Lin. spec. 898.) Thlaspi procumbens, Lapeyr. p. 191. no. 8, of this work, more properly belongs to this genus. Cult. The green-house species will thrive well in any kind of light soil, and are readily increased by cuttings planted under a hand-glass, or by seeds. The hardy perennial kinds by divid- ing the plants at the root, or by seeds ; they will thrive in any kind of soil. The hardy annual sorts only require to be sown in the open ground. None of the species are worth cultivating for ornament. LXXI. BIVON^E'A (in honour of Antonin Bivona-Bernardi, a celebrated Sicilian botanist, author of Sicularum Plantarum Centuria prima, 1 vol. 8vo. published at Palermo, 1806.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 554. prod. 1. p. 208. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculosa. Silicle oval, emargi- nate, with keeled valves, which are winged on their back. Seeds 4-6 in each cell, pendulous, ovate. An annual smooth glaucous slender herb. Stem filiform, sparingly branched. Leaves alter- nate, lower ones stalked, the rest sessile, cordate, stem-clasping at the base, ovate, toothed, bluntish. Racemes terminal, elon- gating as they grow. Pedicels filiform, bractless, shorter than the pods. Flowers small, yellow. 1 B. LU'TEA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 555.) Q. H. Native of Sicily about Palermo, on dry mountains above St. Maria, called di Gesu, and elsewhere. Thlaspi luteum, Biv. cent. 1. p. 78. — Cup. panph. sicul. 2. t. 256. Yellon-fiov/ered Bivonaea. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. PI. \ to \ foot. Cult. This pretty little annual plant is well adapted for orna- 222 CRUCIFER^E. LXXII. EUNOMIA. LXXIII. inenting rock-work or the front of flower borders. The seeds only require to be sown where the plants are intended to remain. A dry sandy soil will suit it best. LXXII. EUNO'MIA (from ev, eu, well, and VO^OQ, nomos, order ; because the leaves are opposite and the seeds are twin.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 555. prod. 1. p. 208. LIN. SYST. Tetradyndmia, Siliculosa. Silicle oval, with keeled valves, and with two oblong-triquetrous seeds in each cell. Fu- nicles somewhat united. Suffrutescent branched or tufted smooth herbs. Leaves opposite, upper ones sometimes alternate, ses- sile, or stem-clasping, orbicular or csrdate, entire, thickish. Ra- cemes 10 or 12-flowered, short, terminal. Flowers whitish. 1 E. OPPOSITIFOLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 556.) leaves opposite, almost orbicular, quite entire, smooth. % . ^ . H. Native on Mount Lebanon. Iberis oppositifolia, Pers. ench. 2. p. 186, Lepidium oppositifolium, Lab. syr. dec. 5. p. 14. t. 9. f. 2. Thlaspi oppositifolium, Poir. suppl. 5. p. 277. Lepia oppositi- folia, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 166. Stems decumbent, branched, and easily broken at the joints. Leaves rather glaucous. Flowers white. A pretty little plant. Opposite-leaved Eunomia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1827. PI. j to 1 foot. 2 E. CHLORJEFOLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 556.) leaves opposite, almost orbicular, roughly crenulated on the margin. 2/ . (7 . H. Native of Bithynia on Mount Olympus near the top. Ibe- ris chloraafolia, Sibth. Smith, prod. fl. graec. 2. p. 10. Iberis Olympica, Sibth. in herb. Banks. Lepidium chloraefolium, Spreng, syst. 2. p. 865. Stems tufted, quadrangular. Leaves rather glaucous. Flowers unknown. Chlora-leaved Eunomia. PL 2 inches. 3 E. CORDATA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 557.) lower leaves oppo- site, the rest alternate, all heart-shaped. fj . H. Native of Armenia and Syria, on mount Lebanon and on the mountains about Erzerum. Mykgrum chloraefolium, Willd. spec. 3. p. 407. Thlaspi cordatum, Desf. ami. mus. 11. p. 382. t. 39. Choix. cor. p. 68. t. 52. Lepidium Tournefortii, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 866. — Buxb. cent. 1. p. 3. t. 3. f. 1. Stems erect, branched, smooth. Leaves glaucous. Flowers white. Perhaps a proper genus. Cordate-leaved Eunomia. Fl. June. PI. -| foot. Cult. These pretty little plants will answer well for orna- menting rock-work, or to be kept in small pots and placed among other alpine plants. Those cultivated in the latter way should be grown in a mixture of sand, loam and peat, and the pots should be well drained with potsherds. They may either be increased by cuttings planted under a hand-glass in the same kind of soil, or by seeds. LXXIII. .£THIONE'MA (from at0u, aitho, to scorch, and vrifia, nema, a filament ; apparently in allusion to some tawny or burnt appearance in the stamens.) R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 80. D. C. syst. 2. p. 557. prod. 1. p. 208. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculosa. Silicles oval, usually emarginate, with navicular valves, which are winged on the back (f. 47. &.). Cells 1 (f. 47. 6.) 2-seeded. Larger stamens con- nected, or each furnished with a tooth on the inside. Seeds ovate-oblong, appearing muricated under a microscope. Herbs or sub-shrubs, perennial or annual, branched from the base, diffuse or erect. Leaves rather fleshy, glaucous, sessile, entire, ovate-oblong, lower ones linear, and usually opposite. Stems round. Racemes crowded, terminal. Pedicels filiform, bract- less. Flowers small, flesh-coloured or purplish. 1 IE. SAXA'TILIS (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 80.) pods 2-celled, many-seeded, obcordate ; style very short ; valves entire, winged on the back; fructiferous, racemes lax. Q. H. Native of many places in the south of Europe, on rocks, Spain, France, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Switzerland, &c. &c. Thlaspi saxatilis, Lin. spec. 901. Jacq. aust. t. 236. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1791. t. 180. Leaves lanceolate, acutish. Var. ft, obtusifblium (D. C. syst. 2. p. 558.) Iberis parviflora, Lam. diet. 3. p. 221. Thlaspi peregrinum, Lin. spec. 442? Mor. hist. 2. p. 297. sect. 3. t. 18. f. 30. — Bauh. hist. 2. p. 927. f. 1. Leaves oblong, blunt. Larger stamens toothed. Far. y, ovalifolium (D. C. syst. 2. p. 559.) Lepidium marginatum, Lapeyr. abr. 365. Thlaspi marginatum, Lapeyr. suppl. p. 90. Leaves oval. According to Sibthorp these plants are shrubby in their native countries, but in gardens they are an- nual. Flowers of all pale-purple. Larger stamens toothed. Rock ..Ethionema. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1759. PK 2 to 6 inch. 2 JE. GRA'CILE (D. C. syst. 2. p. 559.) pods 2-celled, few- seeded, obcordate ; style equal with the valves ; valves winged at back and toothed ; larger stamens toothed ; racemes when in fruit lax. Jj . H. Native of sandy hills in Carniola, and per- haps on gravelly hills in Cappadocia. Thlaspi peregrinum, Scop, earn. ed. 2. no. 809 ? — Bocc. mus. p. 79. t. 70. Suffrutescent ; branches and branchlets slender, elongated. Leaves lanceolate, pointed. Flowers like those of JE. saxatilis. Slender-branched jEthionema. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. | foot. 3 JE. CRISTA'TUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 560.) pods 2-celled, 2-4- seeded, orbicular, emarginate both at the base and the top ; valves winged at the back, and deeply crested and toothed. O- H. Native of Syria, near Aleppo. Thlaspi peregrinum, Poir. diet. 7. p. 541. Stems erect, more or less branched from the base ; axillary branches filiform, shorter than the stem. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute. Larger stamens connected together. De- less. icon. sel. 2. t. 74. Far. J5, Thltispi Ardlicum (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 167.) Q. H. Lower leaves obovate, upper ones ovate, scarcely cordate at the base. Native of Syria, between Aleppo, and Mossul, Bagdad and Kermancha, Teheran and Hispahan. Crested-podded jEthionema. Fl. June, July. PI. -5 foot. 4 JE. BUXBAU'MII (D. C. syst. 2. p. 560.) pods 2-celled, 2- seeded, orbicular, emarginate both at the base and the top ; back of valves winged, quite entire ; racemes crowded, aggregate. Q . H. Native of Cappadocia, in gravelly soil by the margins of rivulets ; also in Iberia, near Tiflis, in sandy places which are sometimes inundated by torrents. Ibferis Arabica, Lin. amcen. acad. 4. p. 278. Thlaspi Buxbaumii, Fisch. in litt. Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. 71. jEthionema Cappadocicum, Spreng. nov. prod. 1. no. 2. Thlaspi Ardbicum, Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. 430. Stems erect, branched ; axillary branches filiform, exceeding the stems. Lower leaves ovate, blunt, narrowed at the base, upper ones cor- date, stem-clasping, ovate or ovate-oblong, entire, acute. Flowers small, purplish. — Buxb. cent. 1. p. 2. t. 5. f. 1. Buxbaum's ^Ethionema. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1823. PI. 4 to 6 in. 5 JE* CORIDIFOLIUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 561.) pods 2-celled, 2- seeded, obcordate, crowded ; valves winged at the back, entire ; leaves linear, crowded, lower ones spreading, fy . H. Native on Mount Lebanon. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 76. A little shrubby plant with filiform branches. Flowers rose-purplish, largish. Coris-leaved ^Ethionema. Fl. June, July. PI. i to £ foot. 6 JE. MEMBRANACEUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 561.) pods 2-celled, 2-seeded (f. 47. 6.), obcordate, crowded ; valves winged on the back, entire ; leaves linear, distant, strictly appressed. Tj . H. Native of Persia, on Mount El wend. Lepia membranacea, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 166 and 181. A little shrub with filiform branches. Flowers purplish. Leaves somewhat fleshy. Deless. icon. sel. 2. p. 75. Larger stamens toothed. Membranous ^Ethionema. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1828. PI. i to I ft. 7 JE. STYLOSUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 562.) pods 2-celled? 2- seeded, disposed in loose racemes ; valves winged on the back ; style elongated ; larger stamens connected ; leaves ovate-lanceo- CRUCIFER^:. LXXIV. REDOWSKIA. LXXV. APHRAGMUS. LXXVI. TAUSCHERIA. LXXVII. ISATIS. 223 late. Jj . H. Native on Mount Lebanon. Thlaspi carneum, Russel in Schrad. journ. 1. p. 426. A little shrub with filiform branches. Flowers flesh-coloured, larger than any other species of this genus. Long-styled $!thionema. PL -J. to | foot. 8 JE. POLYGAIOIDES (D. C. syst. 2. p. 562.) pods 1 -celled, 1 -seeded, opening, emarginate at each end ; stem shrubby at the base; leaves oblong-linear. J? . H. Native of the island of Scio. A very small shrub, branching from the base, with the habit of Poly gala saxatilis. Leaves somewhat fleshy. Flowers unknown, but perhaps purplish. Polygala-like .Slthionema. PL 2 or 3 inches. 9 JE. MONOSPE'RMUM (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 80.) pods 1 -celled, 1 -seeded, indehiscent, emarginate at the top ; stem herbaceous ; leaves oval or obovate. $ . H. Native of Spain. A little herb with hardish branches. Leaves blunt, co- riaceous. Flowers purplish, a little larger than those of JEthio- nema saxatilis. Larger stamens toothed. One-seeded £lthionema. FL Jul. Aug. Clt. 1778. PL | to | ft. Cult, The shrubby kinds of this genus should be kept in pots, which should be well drained with potsherds and treated like other alpine plants. A mixture of sand, loam, and peat suits them best, and cuttings planted under a hand-glass in the same kind of soil will root readily, or they may be increased by seeds. Some of the more hardy species may be planted on rock- work, which by their dwarf growth they are well adapted for. The annual and biennial species may either be sown on rock-work or in the front of the flower-border. A light dry soil suits them best. All the species are worth cultivating. LXXIV. REDO'WSKIA (to the honour of Redowski, a Rus- sian botanical collector). Cham, et Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 33. t. 2. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculbsa. Calyx pilose, of 4 ovate obtuse sepals, with white margins. Petals equal, roundish- obovate, entire, twice the length of the calyx. Filaments tooth- less, smooth. Silicic smooth, inflated, globose ; style half a line long, crowned by a 2-lobed stigma, 1 -celled, from the dissepiment being wanting, 2-valved ; valves with a nerve running through their middle. Seeds 8-1 2. Cotyledons unknown. A perennial plant with a thick root and pinnate radical leaves, with pinnatifid leaflets, which are white from short tomentum ; cauline leaves pin- nate with toothed leaflets, but becoming more simple as they ascend. Stem ascending, Flowers on pedicels white, at first in corymbs, but at length lengthening out into racemes. 1 R. SOPHLEFO'LIA (Cham. 1. c. t. 2.) !(.. H. Native of the north-eastern parts of Asia. Sophia-leaved Redowskia. PL % to ffoot. Cult. An inconspicuous plant, which will grow under any cir- cumstance. Not worth cultivating, unless in botanic gardens. Tribe X. ISATI'DEJi (plants agreeing with Isatis in some characters) or NOTORHI'ZE.E (see sub-order II.) NUCAMENTA'CE^E (nucamentum, a catkin ; shape of pods). D. C. syst. 2. p. 563. prod. 1. p. 209. Silicle with indistinct or indehiscent keeled valves (f. 47. d.) 1-celled, 1-seeded, from the dissepiment having vanished. Seeds ovate-oblong. Cotyledons flat, in- cumbent, apparently in the same direction as the dissepiment should be. LXXV. APHRA'GMUS (from a priv. pay^os, phrag- mos, a dissepiment ; silicles without a dissepiment). Andrz. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 209. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculbsa. Silicle lanceolate, acute, with flat, nerved valves, without a dissepiment. Seeds disposed in two rows, pendulous. Cotyledons incumbent, thick. Perhaps this genus belongs more properly to Camelinece. 1 A. ESCHSCHOLZIA'NUS (Andrz. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p, 210.) Native of the Aleutian Islands. Eschscholz's Aphragmus. PL 1 foot. Cult. This plant is not worth cultivating, except in general collections. It only requires to be sown in the open ground. LXXVI. TAUSCHE'RIA (Ignat. Fred. Tauscher, Professor of Botany at Prague, author of several botanical works). Fisch. in B.C. syst. 2. p. 563. prod. 1. p. 210. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculbsa. Silicle oval, almost boat-shaped, 1-celled, 1-seeded, with navicular, indehiscent valves. Seed pendulous, oblong. Annual, erect, smooth, branched, herbs, with filiform stems. Lower leaves oblong, nar- rowed at the base ; cauline ones sessile, sagittate, entire, glau- cous. Racemes opposite the leaves, or as if they were ter- minal upon the abortive branches, elongated, bractless. Flowers small, white. 1 T. LASIOCA'RPA (Fisch. in litt. icon. D. C. syst. 2. p. 563.) pods villous on the convex part. Q, H. Native of the Kir- ghisian steppe at Lake Inderskoe. The whole herb, except the fruit, is smooth, not unlike Isatis nana. Woolly-podded Taucheria. FL Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. PL J ft. 2 T. GYMNOCA'RPA (Fisch. in litt. icon. D. C. syst. 2. p. 564.) pods smooth, (p. H. Native with the preceding. Very like T. lasiocdrpa, but differing in the leaves being smaller, and the pods smooth. Naked-podded Taucheria. FL May, June. Clt. 1820. PL! ft. Cult. These plants are not worth cultivating, except in botanic gardens. They only require to be sown in the open ground or on rock-work, for which, from their low growth, they are well adapted. LXXVII. ISATIS (from ioa.fa, isazo, to render equal ; the plant was believed to destroy by its simple application, all rough- ness and inequalities of the skin). Bauh. pin. 113. Lin. gen. no. 824. Lam. ill. t. 554. D. C. syst. 2. p. 564. prod. 1. p. 210. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Silkulosa. Silicle elliptical, flat, 1-celled, 1-seeded, with keeled navicular valves, which are scarcely dehiscent. Seed pendulous, oblong. Tall, erect, branched, annual or biennial herbs. Stems round. Lower leaves stalked, ovate, or ovate-oblong; upper ones sessile, sagittate, with acute auricles, all more or less glaucous, entire, or a little toothed. Racemes terminal, many-flowered, disposed in lax panicles, erect, elongated ; pedicels filiform, bractless, erect, at the time of flowering corymbose, afterwards deflexed, usually a little thickened under the pod. Flowers yellow. All the species of this genus furnishes a blue dye, which is used by dyers in various ways. This dye is perfectly like indigo, and is often used as a substitute for it, especially that obtained from Isatis tinctoria. SECT. I. SAMERA'RIA (from samera, the seed of the elm ; winged like it). D. C. syst. 2. p. 565. prod. 1. p. 210. Desv. jour. bot. 3. p. 161. t. 24. f. 6. Silicle oval or orbicular, indehiscent, girded by a broad, leafy, membranous wing. 1 I. GARCI'NI (D. C. syst. 2. p. 565.) pods rather pedicellate, broadly marginate, obovate, cuneated at the base, very blunt at the top, with 2 tubercles. $ . H. Native of Persia, Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 77. Peltaria Garcini, Burm. fl. ind. 139. t. 46. f. 1 . Perhaps a proper genus. Garcin's Woad. PL 1 foot. 2 I. ARME'NA (Lin. spec. 936.) pod orbicular, cordate at the base, broadly marginate, pointed with the style. O-H. Native of Armenia in dry meadows on the margins of rivulets, and in 224 CllUCIFERjE. LXXVII. ISATIS. Iberia about Tiflis. Tratt. arch. 2. p. 41. t. 70. Sameraria Armena, Desv. jour. bot. 3. p. 161. t. 25. f. 6. — Buxb. cent. 1. p. 3. t. 4. Auricles of leaves blunt. Armenian Woad. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt. 1825. PI. 1 to l£foot. 3 I. LATISI'LIQUA (Stev. mem. soc. nat. mosc. 1812. vol. 3. p. 263.) pods elliptical, blunt, sessile, broadly marginate ; stigma sessile ; auricles of leaves blunt. $ . H. Native of Cappa- docia, and in the Alps about Chinalug in Eastern Caucasus. 1. Cappadocica, Desv. journ. bot. 1814. p. 174. Pods velvety, from short down. Var. fl,glabra (Stev. ind. D. C. syst.2. p. 566.) pods smooth, or nearly so. Broad-podded Woad. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1821. PI. 1 to 1 J ft. 4 I. LEIOCA'RPA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 567.) pods oval-oblong, sessile, somewhat truncate at the apex, with a sessile stigma ; auricles of leaves acute. Q? H. Native on Mount Lebanon. Flowers a little larger than those of /. tinctoria. Smooth-podded Woad. Fl. May, July. PI. 1£ foot. 5 I. LUSITA'NICA (Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 560. but not of others) pods obovate, wedge-shaped at the base, very blunt and emar- ginate at the apex, broadly marginate ; stem and leaves smooth. O- H. Native of Portugal, among rocks near Miranda do Doiro. I. glauca, Willd. herb, from Stev. obs. ind. Portugal Woad. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1739. PI. H foot. SECT. II. GLA'STUM (from glas, the Celtic word for blue ; because of the plants yielding a blue dye like indigo). D. C. syst. 2. p. 568. prod. 1. p. 210. Silicle oval-oblong, or almost linear, with corky margins, scarcely dehiscent. 6 I. ALPIVNA (All. ped. no. 944. t. 86. f. 2.) pods oval-oblong, blunt at both ends, quite smooth, with somewhat leafy-winged margins, almost 3-times as long as broad. Tf.1 $ . H. Native of Piedmont on Mount Vesulo, and in the Apennines. A very distinct species, intermediate between the two sections. Alpine Woad. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1800. PI. £ to 1 foot. 7 I. PH/EVCOX (Kit. from Tratt. arch. 2. p. 40. t. C8.) pods elliptical, blunt at botli ends, with a coriaceous, winged margin, very smooth, almost 3-times as long as broad. $ . H. Native of Hungary and about Astrakan. I. Dalmatica, Mill. diet. no. 2. ? Habit of plant very like /. tinctoria, but easily distinguished from it by the pods being scarcely narrower at the base, but truly elliptical. Early-fiovfermg Woad. Fl, Apr. May. Clt. 1820. PI. H ft. 8 I. LITTORA'LIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 568.) pods oblong-cuneated, very blunt, truncately-emarginate at the apex, very smooth, narrowed at the base, 3-times as long as broad ; cells exserted on both sides, and with the furrow distinct from the wing. $ . H. Native of Tauria on the sea-shore about Sudak. I. littoralis, a, Stev. in litt. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 78. Flowers like those of /. tinclbria. Sea-shore Woad. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1816. PL 1 to 2 feet. 9 I. HEBECA'RPA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 569.) pods oblong-cuneated, very blunt, velvety, somewhat narrower at the base, hardly twice as long as broad ; cells destitute of the lateral furrow. $ . H. Native of Tauria on the sea-shore, about Sudak. Deless. icon, sel. 2. t. 79. I. littoralis, var. ft, Stev. in litt. Blunt-podded Woad. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1627. PI. Ij ft. 10 I. TINCTO'RIA (Lin. spec. 936.) pods cuneated, acuminated at the base, somewhat spatulate at the end, very blunt, smooth, 3-times as long as broad ; leaves biauric.ulate at the base. O- H. Native of south and middle Europe in dry stony places from Spain and Sicily to the shores of the Baltic sea, also, but probably introduced, in the Canary Islands and Eastern Asia, in cultivated land. In England in cultivated fields and about their borders, but rare. At New Barnes near Ely, and near Durham. Smith, engl. bot. t. 97. Mart. fl. rust. t. 41. Schkiihr. handb. 2. no. 1921. t. 188. Tratt. arch. 2. p. 39. t. 67. I. he- terocarpa, Andrz ? Var. ft, sativa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 570.) leaves smooth, broad. I. sativa, Fusch. hist. 331. icon. Dod. pempt. 79. f. 2. Dalech. lugd. 499. f. 2. This is the variety which is cultivated for use. far. y, hirsuta (D. C. 1. c.) leaves narrow, hairy. I. alpina, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 308, exclusive of the synonyms. Native of exposed rocky situations. far. S, microcdrpa (D. C. 1. c.) leaves smooth, narrow ; pods smaller. I. Dalmatica, Mill. diet. no. 2. ? Native on Mount Lebanon. The common dyers' woad was formerly called g/dstum, from the Celtic glas, blue, whence Glastonbury derived its name. The ancient Britons are reported to have painted their bodies with the blue colour obtained from this plant, whence they received their appellation Britho, being the Celtic word for to paint, hence Britons. The Picts were so named by the Romans for the same reason. On account of the brightness of its manufactured colours, the Celts called it gmed (guesde in French to this day) whence the Anglo Saxons obtained their name of rvaad or mad, and the English the word noad. It is in occasional cultivation for its leaves, from which a dye, as a sub- stitute for indigo, is obtained. The seeds are sown on well-pre- pared land in good heart. Fresh broken old pasture-land is preferred, and the great object is to have large leaves ; for which purpose, as Miller observes, the culture given by the best gardeners to spinach should be imitated, that of sowing on a very rich well pulverised soil, thinning the plants so as they may not touch each other, keeping them perfectly clear of weeds, and frequently stirring the soil between the plants. The culture applied to the turnip in Northumberland would succeed well with woad. The seeds are sown in July, and the plants, when they come up, weeded and thinned ; next July, or earlier, the first crop of leaves may be gathered, and two or three others will be obtained during the season. The end of the second year the plants may be ploughed down, as the third year they will run to seed, and yield but small leaves. The leaves are pressed, and the juice treated as in making indigo, but svich is the cheap- ness of the latter article, that no British farmer can afford to raise any sort of substitute. " The culture of woad, though not general, has been practised in Flanders. It was an object with the French government to spread the cultivation of it, and a considerable quantity of the seed was sent gratis into the country for that purpose. Woad thrives best on sandy and gravelly soils, which must be well pul- verised, manured, and formed into beds as in the case of madder culture. It is sown in March or April in rows, or broad-cast, and harrowed or covered with a rake. All weeds are cleared, away and the plants thinned, if a careful culture is followed. The leaves are the part of the plant used by the indigo manu- facturer. They should be gathered singly, like those of spinach, as soon as they begin to show signs of maturity, and the mature leaves taken ofF from time to time as they grow. This operation goes on from June to September in the first year, and from June to August in the second ; when the plant, being a biennial, shoots into flower-stems. The leaves are fermented, and the dye pre- cipitated from the liquor and dried, &c. in a manner analogous to what is practised in India with indigo, but with great improve- ments, made at the instigation of the French government, which in 1810 called forth the process described in a French work, and translated in the Appendix to RadclifF's Report. At present it is to be considered more as matter of curious historical infor- mation or of local adoption than of general utility ; because no mode of cultivating or preparing mood could bring it into competition, either in the European or American market with in- digo." (Loud. enc. agr. p. 81.) CRUCIFER/E. LXXVII. ISATIS. LXXVIII. MVAGHUM. LXXIX. SOBOLEWSKIA. 225 Dyer's Woad. Fl. May, July. Britain. PI. 2 to 4 feet. 111. CAMPE'STRIS (Stev. in D. C. syst. 2. p. 571.) pods ob- long, narrowed at the base, smooth, bluntish at the apex, 4 times as long as broad, a little shorter than the pedicels. $ . H. Native of southern Podolia in fields about Balta and near Odessa. Very like /. tinctoria. Field Woad. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 feet. 12 I. BANNA'TICA (Link. enum. 2. p. 149.) pods cuneated, acuminated at the base, somewhat spatulate and very blunt at the apex, smooth, 3 times as long as broad; upper leaves desti- tute of auricles. Q. H. Native of Bannat. Bannalian Woad. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. 1| foot. 13 I. M-EO'TICA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 571.) pods oblong, smooth, narrowed at the base, blunt and emarginate at the top, 4 or 5 times as long as broad. $ . H. Native of marshes about the Azof Sea near Taganrog. Very like the preceding, but the pods at the apex in the adult state are emarginate, and before maturity they are perfectly linear, and almost double the length of those of 7. Bannatica. Perhaps I. megacdrpa, Ledeb. Mceotic Woad. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1828. PI. l£ foot. 141. TAU'KICA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 571.) pods oblong, nar- rowed at the base, bluntish at the apex, smooth, 5 times as long as broad. $ . H. Native of Tauria on calcareous rocks about Bachtschisarai. Isatis e Tauria, Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 422. Very near to 7. Mceulica, but differing in the pods being emar- ginate at the top in all states. Taurian Woad. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. PI. 1| foot. 15 I. OBLONGA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 471.) pods elliptical-ob- long, narrowed and somewhat acute at each end, smooth, 5 times as long as broad, with the cells flattened in the centre, and somewhat 3-nerved. $ . H. Native of Siberia about Irkoutsk. A smooth herb, very much like 7. linctdria, but smaller in all its parts. Perhaps 7. daxycdrpa, Ledeb. Oblong-podded Woad. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 feet. 16 I. ORIENTALS (Willd. enum. 2. p. 663.) pods oblong- linear, pointed with the sessile stigma, scarcely narrowed at the base, pubescent, 5 times as long as broad, but scarcely exceed- ing the length of the pedicel. Q. H. Native of the Levant. This species is often confused with 7. canescens, I. Aleppica, and /. Lusitdnica, but is sufficiently distinct from all. Eastern Woad. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 to 1| foot. 171. CANE'SCENS (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 598.) pods elongated, cuneated, pubescent, narrowed at the base, somewhat spatulate at the top and blunt, 4 times as long as broad, twice the length of the pedicels, which are obconical at the top. $ . H. Native of exposed situations on the sea-shore in Provence, and on the sea-shore at Fanar, not far from the Bosphorus. Allied to 7. orientate on the one side, and to 7. tincloria var. y hirsuta on the other. Leaves with acute auricles. Var. (3, Iberica (D. C. syst. 2. p. 572.) lower leaves grossly toothed ; pods much more dilated at the top, and smoother. I. Iberica, Stev, mem. mosc. 5. p. 267. Perhaps a proper species. Canescenl-podded Woad. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. PI. •£ ft. 18 I. ALE'PPICA (Scop. del. insubr. 2. p. 31. t. 16.) pods linear, blunt, narrowed at the base, villous with reversed down, 8 times as long as broad, and 3 times as long as their pedicels. Q. H. Native on rocks by the sea-shore in Greece and Asia Minor, also about Aleppo. I. Lusitanica, Lin. spec. 936. ex- clusive of the synonyms. Lam. ill. t. 554. f. 2. Tratt. arch. 2. p. 41. t. 69. I. jEgyptiaca, Lin. spec. 937. but not of Forsk. I. minor, Mcench. meth. ? 222. Auricles of leaves acute. Var. ft, dentata (D. C. syst. 2. p. 573.) Q. H. Native of Africa near Tripoli. I. dentata, Pers. ench. 2. p. 1 93. Leaves grossly toothed, not lyrate as in the species. Aleppo \\oad. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1739. PI. 1 foot. Cult. The hardy perennial kinds answer well for ornament- VOL. i. — PART in. ing rock- work or the front of flower-borders, as they flower very early. They may be either increased by cuttings or seeds, the former will root freely under a hand-glass. The 'annual and biennial kinds are only cultivated in botanic gardens, but as the latter flower very early in the season, they are worth introducing into flower-borders. They only require to be sown in the open ground, where they are intended to remain or they may be trans- planted. A dry light soil suits them best, as in wet land they are very apt to damp off in the winter. LXXVIII. MYA'GRUM (from ftvia, myia, a fly, and aypa, agra, capture. An ancient plant, so named from its properties of catching flies, which our modern plant does not possess.) Tourn. inst. 211. t. 99. D. C. syst. 2. p. 573. prod. 1. p. 212. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamm, Sdiculbsa. Silicic compressed, almost cuneated, with 2 empty hollows at the. top, and 1 -celled and 1 -seeded at the base. Seed pendulous, oblong. An annual smooth erect herb. Lower leaves, oblong, tapering into the stalk, upper ones sessile, sagittate, stem-clasping, with 2 acute auricles, all of which are entire or somewhat toothed. Racemes elongated, erect ; pedicels short, filiform, erect, after flowering becoming obconical and hollow. Flowers small, pale-yellow. 1 M. PERFOLIA'TUM (Lin. spec. 893.) O-H. Native of mid- dle and south Europe in cultivated fields and sandy places, par- ticularly in the south of France, Switzerland, Italy, Germany, Transylvania, and in Iberia about Tiflis. Schkuhr. handb. 2. p. 210. t. 178. M. littorale, Scop. earn. ed. 2. vol.2, p. 12. no. 799. t. 35. Rapistrum perfoliatum, Berg. phyt. 3. t. 167. M. perfoliatum var. a, Lam. diet. 1. p. 569. M. amplexicaule, Moench. meth. 221. Cakile perfoliata, Lher. diss. cak. ined. p. 6. Perfoliale -leaved Myagrum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1648. PI. 3 to | foot. Cult. The seeds of this plant only require to be sown in the open border, but it is hardly worth cultivating except in botanic gardens. LXXIX. SOBOLE'WSKIA (in honour of Gregor. Sobolewski, a Russian botanist, author of Flora Petropolitana, 1 vol. 8vo. Petersburg!), 1799.) Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 421. D. C. syst. 2. p. 575. prod. 1. p. 212. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculbsa. Silicle oblong, com- pressed, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded, valveless, membranous. Seed ob- long, pendulous. Cotyledons linear, somewhat curved. A branched erect herb. Stems round, suffrutescent at the base. Cauline leaves stalked, cordate-kidney-shaped, toothed. Racemes elongated ; pedicels bractless, filiform. Flowers white. 1 S. LITHO'PHILA (Bieb. cent. pi. rar. ross. 2. t. 59. fl. taur. suppl. p. 421.) $ . H. Native of Tauria on rocks at the river Salgir and at the Black sea, also in Iberia. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 80. Cochlearia Sibirica, Willd. spec. 3. p. 450. Raphanus Tau- ricus Adami, Hoffm. hort. mosc. 1808.no. 2658. Crambe macro- carpa, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 90. Pods, many abortive, 3 lines long and 1 line broad. Root creeping. Stone-loving Sobolewskia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. ^ to 4 foot. Cult. This plant is well adapted for rock-work, where the seeds should be sown. Not worth cultivating, except in general collections Tribe XI. ANCHONIE'jE (plants agreeing with Anchbnium in some characters) or NOTORHl'ZEyE (see sub-order II.) LOMEN- TA'CE^E (from lomentum, aloment; shape of pods.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 576. prod. 1. p. 212. Silique or silicle separating truns- Gg 226 CRUCIFER^E. LXXX. GOLDBACHIA. LXXXI. ANCHONIUM. LXXXII. STERIGMA. LXXXIII. BRASSICA. versely into 1 -seeded joints (f. 47. e.). Cotyledons flat, incum- bent (f. 45. i). Seed ovate. LXXX. GOLDBA'CHIA (in honour of G. L. Goldbach, a Russian botanist, who has communicated many observations upon cruciferous plants to De Candolle.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 576. prod. 1. p. 212. LIN. SYST. Te/radynamia, Siliquosa. Stamens free. Silique 2-jointed (f. 47. e.). Style almost none. Smooth branched annual herbs. Steins round or somewhat angular, leafy. Leaves alternate, oblong, almost entire, lower ones tapering to the base, upper ones sessile, a little stem-clasping, with two small auricles. Racemes opposite the leaves, elongated, slender. Pedicels fili- form, bractless, erect at the time of flowering, afterwards de- flexed. Flowers small, from white to lilac. 1 G. LJEVIGA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 577.) pods smooth, pen- dulous, 2-jointed. O- H. Native in the sand about Astracan, rarer in the Kuman desert. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 81. Ra- phanus laevigatus, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 129. Lower leaves rosulate. Flowers lilac. Smoothed-voddeA Goldbachia. Fl.May.Ju. Clt. 1823. PI. ift. 2 G. TORULOSA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 577.) pods somewhat cylin- drical, transversely torulose, and somewhat ascendant. O- H. Native of the Levant. Very like the preceding species. Torulose-podded Goldbachia. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 ft. Cult. The seeds of these plants only require to be sown in the open ground. A light sandy soil suits them best. LXXXI. ANCHONIUM (from ayXwj/7j, anchone, strangula- tion; form of silicles.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 578. prod. 1. p. 212. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliquosa. Larger stamens joined. Silique 2-jointed, 2-celled. (f. 47. c.) Style compressed, beak- formed. Seeds 4, pendulous, oblong, solitary in the cells. An herb with a hard woody stem. Radical leaves oblong, tapering to the base, velvety with soft starry down. Floral leaves situated under the pedicels, and therefore the racemes are leafy. Flowers purple. The joints of the pods do not separate. Habitof Alyssum. 1 A. BILLARDIE RII (B.C. syst. 2. p. 578.) }/ . f? . H. Na- tive of Syria on mount Lebanon. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 82. Caudex woody. Flowers crowded. Sepals linear, villous on the outside. Stigma acute, somewhat 2-lobed. La Billardier's Anchonium. Fl. May? PL £ to | foot. Cult. This plant will answer well for ornamenting rock-work, or to be planted in pots and placed among other alpine plants ; those cultivated by the latter mode should be planted in a mix- ture of sand loam and peat, and the pots should be well drained with potsherds. Cuttings planted under a hand-glass in the same kind of soil will root freely, but if the plant ripen seeds, this will be unnecessary. LXXXII. STERl'GMA (from or»;piy/*a, sterigma, a fork ; because the larger stamens are connected at the base, and forked at the top, f. 50. a.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 579. prod. 1. p. 212. Sterigmostemon, Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 444. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliquosa. Larger stamens joined to the middle (f. 50. a.). Silique roundish, at length separating into many joints. Erect perennial herbs, clothed with soft starry wool. Roots hard, suffrutescent. Leaves alternate, oblong, tapering to the base, sometimes entire, sometimes sinuated or pin- natifid. Racemes elongating as they become old ; pedicels fili- form, bractless. Calyx covered with soft down. Flowers of a deep yellow. Siliques covered with short dense down, often interspersed with longer stiff glanduliferous hairs. 1 S. TOMENTOSUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 579.) leaves all sinuately- pinnatifid. $ . H. Native of muddy fields towards the Caspian Sea, and about the Irtish. Frequent in rubbish about towns and villages on the Lower Volga ; also in vineyards about Astracan, more rare in the Kuman desert. Cheiranthus Caspicus, Lam. in Pall. itin. ed. gall. 2. p. 348. Cheiranthus tomentosus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 523. Sterigmostemon, Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 444. — Pall. itin. 2. app. no. 115. t. K. f. 2. ed. gall. app. p. 437. no. 352. t. 103. f. 2. Stems much branched, many, rising from the same root. Larger stamens connected beyond the middle. Woolly Sterigma. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. PI. | foot. 2 S. SULFU'REUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 580.) lower leaves runci- nately-pinnatifid, upper ones entire. $ . H. Native of Syria near Aleppo, and between Aleppo and Mossul. Deless. icon, sel. 2. t. 83. Cheiranthus sulfureus, Russel in Schrad. journ. 1. p. 426. Flower like those of S. tomentosum. Stem branched at the base. jS'w/p/Mr-coloured-flowered Sterigma. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 3 S. TORULOSUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 580.) leaves oblong, radical ones sinuately-toothed, upper ones entire. $ . H. Native of Iberia about Tiflis. Cheiranthus torulosus, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 121. Sterigmostemon incanum, Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 444. Leaves less woolly than those of the two preceding species, and the pods are shorter, thicker, arched, and more torulose. TorH/ose-podded Sterigma. Fl. May. Clt. 1823. PI. | ft. 4 S. ELYCHRYSIFOLIUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 581.) leaves all oblong- FIG. 50. linear, entire. I/ . H. Native of Armenia, and in Persia in the pro- vince of Ghilan. Cheiranthus lana- tus, Gmel. from Fisch. in litt. with a drawing. Cheiranthus - aureus, Willd. herb, from Stev. obs. ined. This species has the leaves of An- chbnium, with the fruit and flowers of Sterigma. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 84. (f. 50.) Elychrysum - leaved Sterigma. PI. ^ foot. Cult. These plants are well adapted for ornamenting rock- work, but a few plants of each should be kept in pots, so that they may be placed in a frame during winter, and planted out in the beginning of summer in the border or on the rock-work ; in fact they require the same treatment as other alpine plants. They can only be increased by seeds. SUB-ORDER III. ORTHOPLO'CEvE (from op0oc, orthos, up- right, and TrXoKri, place, a folding together ; cotyledons folded together, f. 45. j. /.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 581. prod. 1. p. 213. Cotyledons incumbent, folded together or plaited lengthwise through their middle, and enwrapping the radical in the recess (f. 45. j. f.}. Style generally enlarged, with a cell and seed at its base. Seeds generally globose, never margined. Tribe XII. BRASSI'CE^E (plant agreeing with Brdssica in some charac- ters,) or ORTHOPLO'CE^E (see Sub-order III.) SILIQUO' SJE (siliqiui, a long pod; pods long.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 581. prod. 1. p. 213. Silique with the valves opening lengthwise (f. 47. f. o. g.~), and a linear dissepiment. Seeds globose. Co- tyledons folded together (f. 45. j.f.~). LXXXIII. BRA'SSICA (from the Celtic word Bresic, which signifies a cabbage.) Lin. gen. no. 820. exclusive of many species. D. C. syst. 2. p. 582. prod. 1. p. 113. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliquosa. Silique rather terete, crowned by a small short blunt style (f. 47.,/.). Seeds in one CBUCIFER/E. LXXXIII. BRASSICA. 227 row (f. 47. /.) globose. Calyx closed. Herbs usually biennial, rarely annual or perennial, or suffrutescent usually with a short cauclex. Radical leaves usually stalked, lyrate or pinnatifid ; cauline ones sessile or stem-clasping, entire. Racemes elon- gated ; pedicels bractless, filiform. Flowers yellow, rarely white, but never purple nor veined. This genus contains the well known pot-herbs and roots, cabbage, cauliflower, turnips, rape, &c. &c. SECT. I. BRA'SSICA. (D. C. syst. 2. p. 582. prod. 1. p. 213.) Silique sessile, usually terminated by a conical seedless beak, or destitute of it. 1 B. OLERA'CEA (Lin. spec. 932.) leaves covered with glau- cous pollen, somewhat fleshy, repand or lobed, quite smooth, even in their younger state. $ . H. Freeman, icon. t. 4, 5. Potherbs, Borecoles, Cabbages, Cauliflowers, &c. &c. There is scarcely an instance in the vegetable kingdom of a plant that produces varieties so different in appearance and qua- lities as the B. oleracea. Comparing the original plant, as it is found on our shores, with very sea-green leaves, no appearance of a head, and flowering like Wild Mustard or Charlock, with the red cabbage or cauliflower, the difference is astonishing. A new arrangement of the cultivated species of Brdss'tca, has been made by professor De Candolle, Hort. trans, vol. 5. and in his syst. vol. 2. which we here give without any variation. §. 1. Sea Colervort or Cabbage, or Wild Cabbage. 1 A. SYLVE'STRIS (B. oleracea, Huds. ang. 289. Smith, eng. bot. t. 637.) stem taller than in B. capitata, more humble and more branched than in B. acephala. Leaves not collected into a true head. Native of England on cliffs by the sea-side, par- ticularly at Dover, on the Welsh and Cornish coasts ; at Staiths, Yorkshire, abundantly ; and at King's Cove, Devonshire. § 2. Greens, Kale or Borecoles. 2 B. ACE'PHALA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 583.) stem round, elon- gated ; leaves expanded ; racemes panicled. Brassica oleracea viridis, Lam. diet. 1. p. 743. no. 2. Choux sans fete, Audib. and Vilm. mss. Choux verts, cultivated in fields for the nourishment of cattle. Bosc. diet. agr. 4. p. 42. Var. a, rambsa(D. C. syst. 2. p. 583.) stem branched; leaves sinuately-pinnatifid. B. viridis procerior, Lam. diet. 1. p. 743. no. 2. var. f). This variety is called Chou cavalier branchu in France, and in England Cavalier Cabbage and Thousand-headed Cabbage. Var. P, vulgaris (D. C. syst. 2. p. 583.) stem almost simple ; leaves sinuately-pinnatifid. * viridis (D. C. 1. c.)— Lob. icon. 243. f. 1.— J. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 429. f. 2. Chou Cavalier, Chou en arbre, Chou chevre, Grand Chou vert (Fr.) 100-leaved Cabbage (Eng.) * * purpurdscens (D. C. 1. c.) — J. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 831. f. 2. — Chabr. sciagr. 270. f. 6. — Mor. oxon. 2. p. 207. no. 7. — Open-headed Red Cabbage (Eng.) Var. y, sabellica (D. C. syst. 2. p. 584.) stem almost simple ; leaves sinuately-lobed ; lobes multifid. — Ren. specim. 1 34. t. 133.— Lob. icon. 247. f. 1.— J. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 832. f. 1.— Lam. diet. 1. p. 743. no. 2. var. y. Chou vert /rise, Chou frange du Nord, Choufrise non pomme, Choufrise d'Allcmagne, (Fr.) Greens, Kale, Curies (Eng.) * pinnata (D. C. 1. c.) B. tenuifolia laciniata, Lob. icon. 246. f. 2. obs. 123. f. 2.— Chou aigrette, Chou plume (Fr.) * * purpurdscens or versicolor (D. C. 1. c.) leaves either pur- ple or variegated. Far. S,palmtfblia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 584.) stem simple ; leaves sinuately-repand, a little blistered, pendant. Chou Palmier (Fr.) Palm Borecole (Eng.) Var. t, Cow Cabbage. Stem branched, 12 feet high; leaves curled. Var. £, costata (D. C. syst. 2. p. 584.) stem humble, a little branched ; leaves sinuately-repand, with the primary nerves very thick. — Lam. diet. 1. p. 743. no. 2. var. S. Chou blond a grosses cotes, Bosc. diet. agr. 4. p. 43. — Chou a grosses cotes, Chou a larges c6tes, Chou de Beauvais. (Fr.) * nepenthiformis (D. C. 1. c.) nerves and nervules drawn out into filiform threads, terminating in leafy funnel-shaped appen- dages. § 3. Savoy-Cabbages, and Brussels sprouts. 3 C. BULLA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 584.) stem round, a little elongated ; young leaves at first conniving into a head, but they are at length spreading, and all blistered or curled ; racemes panicled. Var. a, vulgaris (D. C. syst. 2. p. 584.) heads of leaves loose, thick, terminal, roundish. — Lob. icon. t. 244. f. 1. — Dalech. lugd. p. 520. f. 2. — B. oleracea Sabauda, Lin. spec. p. 932. — Lam. diet. 1. p. 743. no. 3. var. K and \. Chou pomme frise, Chou de Milan, Chou de Savoie, Chou de Hollande, Chou cabu .frise, Chou Pancalier (Fr.) Savoy-Cabbage (Eng.) * prce~cox (D. C. syst. 2. p. 585.) — Milan hatif, petit Milan (Fr.) Small early Savoy-Cabbage (Eng.) * humilis (D. C. 1. c.)— Milan nain (Fr.) Dwarf Savoy- Cabbage (Eng.) * Turionensis (D. C. 1. c.) — Pancalier de Touraine (Fr.) Turaine Savoy-Cabbage (Eng.) * * * * aurlta (D. C. 1. c.)— Milan dore (Fr.) Eared Savoy- Cabbage (Eng.) Var. (3, oblonga (D. C. syst. 2. p. 585.) heads of leaves ter- minal, oblong. — Lob. icon. 244. f. 2. — Mor. oxon. sect. 3. t. 1. f. 4. Winter Savoy-Cabbage (Eng.) Var. y, major (D. C. syst. 2. p. 585.) heads of leaves ter- minal, very large. — Lam. diet. 1. p. 743. no. 3. var. X. Gros d' Ambervilliers, Pomme frise d'Allemagne (Fr.) — Greater Com- mon Savoy-Cabbage (Eng.) Var. S, gemmifera (D. C. syst. 2. p. 585.) heads of leaves small, numerous, rising from the axils of the leaves along an elongated stem. — Delech. lugd. 521. f. 2 ? — Mor. oxon. sect. 3. t. 1. f. 3 ? -Chou a jets, Chou a jets el rejets, Chou de Bruxel- le.i, Chou d mille teles, Chou vert a petites pommes le long dupied (Fr.) — Brussels Sprouts (Eng.) §. 4. Cabbages red and white. 4 D. CAPITATA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 585.) stem round, short ; leaves concave, not blistered, crowded into a head before flower- ing ; racemes panicled. — Weinm. phyt. t. 259. — Dod. pempt. 623. f. 2. — Lob. icon. 243. f. 2. — Mor. oxon. 2. p. 206. sect. 3. t. 1. f. 1. — Lam. diet. 1. p. 743. no. 3. Choux cabus ou pommes, Bosc. diet. agr. 4. p.. 42. Chou pomme, Chou pomme afeuilles lisses, Chou en tele (Fr.) — Cabbage (Eng.) Var. a, depressa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 585.) heads of leaves sphe- roid, depressed. — Lam. diet. 1. p. 743. no 3. var. £. Chou pomme a tete aplatie, Audib. mss. (Fr.) — Drumhead or Dutch Cabbage (Eng.) Var. ft, sphce'rica (D. C. syst. 2. p. 585.) heads of leaves globose, not depressed. Chou cabus commun, Chou pomme commun (Fr.) — Common Cabbage (Eng.) * alba (D. C. 1. c.) outer leaves green, inner ones white. Chou pomme blanc, Chou cabus blanc ou vert (Fr.) — Common White Cabbage (Eng.) G g 2 228 CRUCIFER.E. LXXXIII. BRASSICA. * * rubra (D. C. 1. c.) leaves red or purple, always particu- larly so in the nerves.— Dod. pempt. 621. f. 2. — I. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 831. f. 1. — Lam. diet. 1. p. 743. no. 3, var. £ and t. — Chou a tete ronde rouge, Audib. mss. — Chou rouge (Fr.) — Red Cabbage, Aberdeen Red Cabbage (Eng.) Var. y, obovata (D. C. syst. 2. p. 586.) heads of leaves obo- vate. Chou a tete obovale, Audib, mss. — Pentonville Cab- bage ? (Eng.) Var. S, elliptica (D. C. syst. 2. p. 586.) heads of leaves ellip- tical. Chou a tete ovale, Chou d'Yorck (Fr.) — Early York Cabbage, Small Early Dwarf Cabbage (Eng.) Var. c, conica (D. C. syst. 2. p. 586.) heads of leaves ovate- conical. — Lam. diet. 1. p. 743. no. S, var. $ and t. Chou pain de Sucre, Chou Chicon, Chou d'Ambervilliers, Chou de Batter- sea (Fr.) — Sugar-loaf Cabbage, Antwerp Cabbage, andBattersea Cabbage (Eng.) §. 5. Chou rave, or Turnip-stemmed Cabbage. 5 E. CAU'LO-RA'PA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 586.) stem tumid and somewhat globose at the origin of the leaves. Var. a, cbmmums (D. C. syst. 2. p. 586.) leaves plain. — Dod. pempt. 625. f. 1. — Lob. adv. app. 463. f. 2. — Bauh. hist. 2. p. 830. f. 1. Chou-rave (Fr.) Cape Cabbage (Eng.) * alba (D. C. 1. c.) Chou-rave blanc, Chou-rave commun, Chou de Siam, Kohl riibi (Fr.) Knol, Kohl (Cape.) * * purpurdscens (D. C. 1. c.) Chou-rave violet (Fr.) Var. ft, crispa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 586.) leaves curled and fringed. Chou-rave crepu (Fr.) — Pavonazza (Ital.) §. 6. Cauliflower and Brocoli. 6 F. BO'TRYTIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 586.) peduncles of racemes corymbose, crowded very much before flowering, and very fleshy ; flowers usually abortive. — Lob. obs. 125. f. 2. — Lam. diet. 1. p. 745. no. 4. Var. a, cauliflbra (D. C. syst. 2. p. 586.) stem humble ; leaves oblong, of a greyish-glaucous colour ; heads of flower-buds thick, terminal. — Dod. pempt. 625. f. 2.- — I. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 828 and 829. f. 1. — Lam. diet. 1. p. 745. no. 4. var. a, ft, y. Cavolo- Jiore Galliz. bot. agr. p. 191. no. 2, — Choufieur (Fr.) — Cauli- flower (Eng.) Var. ft, asparagoldes (D. C. syst. 2. p. 587.) stem taller than in the Cauliflower ; leaves greyish-glaucous, elongated ; branchlets fleshy, bearing small flower-buds at the top ; flowers abortive. — Dalech. lugd. 522. f. 2. — Mor. oxon. 2. p. 208. no. ]^. sect. 3. t. 1. f. 11. — Lam. diet. 1. p. 745. no. 4. var. S, c, and £. Cavolo Romano sou Broccoli, Galliz. bot. agr. p. 191. no. 2 — Broccoli (Fr.) Brocoli (Eng.) * communis (D. C. 1. c.) heads of flower-buds white.- Broccoli commun, Broccoli blanc (Fr.) — White Brocoli (Eng.) * * violacea (D. C. 1. c.) heads of flower-buds purple.- Broccoli violet, Broccoli de Malte (Fr.) — Purple, Red, or Mal- tese Brocoli (Eng.) Cult. The varieties of Brdssica oleracea have been cultivated from the earliest period ; they have therefore become numerous, and so distinct from each other, as to occasion a doubt in every beholder's mind whether it were possible that these numerous and distinct varieties could have originally sprung from the Sea Colenort or Wild Cabbage of the Dover Cliffs. Cabbages of some sort, White, in his History of Selbourne, says, must have been known to the Saxons, for they named the month of Febru- ary Sprout-kale. Being a favourite with the Romans it is pro- bable Italian cabbage would be introduced at an early period into South Britain. To the inhabitants of the nortli of Scot- land Cabbages were first made known by the soldiers of Crom- well, when quartered at Inverness (Edin. encycl. art. hort.) Having thus botanically traced the variations of Brassica ole- racea from the Sea-Colemort through Borecoles, Savoys, and Cabbages to the Cauliflower and Brocoli, we shall now proceed to give the cultivation and uses of these in the order we have followed above. The space occupied by this tribe in most kitchen gardens may be estimated at one-eighth or one-fourth part of the open quar- ters, taking the whole year round, and in cottage-gardens the heading Cabbages and Borecoles generally occupy one-half of the whole space. § 1. Sea Colenort, or Cabbage, or Wild Cabbage. Brdssica oleracea. A. sylveslris, D. C. I. c. We have already said that the original Cabbage plant grows naturally on the Dover Clifts and several other parts of the English coast. It is a biennial plant, the stem-leaves are mucli waved and variously indented, the colour is glaucous or sea- green, with occasionally a tinge of purple, arising from the bleak situation in which it usually grows. Early in the spring the Wild Cabbage or Colewort from the sea coast is said to be excel- lent, but it must be boiled in two waters to remove the saltness. The roots may also be eaten but they are not very tender. §. 2. The Borecole, Winter Greens (Eng.); Chou vert or Chou vert non pomme, Caulet (Fr.); Kale (Sax.) ; Green Kale (Scotch.) ; Brassica oleracea, B. acephala, D. C. This tribe is easily known by the leaves never conniving into a head, but the heart always open and spreading. 1 THE THOUSAND-HEADED CABBAGE, Chou a mille tetes, Chou Cavalier branchu, Chou Moellier (Fr.) (Brdssica oleracea, B. acephala a rambsa, D. C. 1. c.) grows to the height of 4-feet and upwards, sending out from its main stem branches in the manner of a tree, from the ends and sides of which proceed shoots which appear as actually in growth the whole winter. The leaves are of a pale green, numerous, entire, or pinnatifid, narrower than those of any other green. It is chiefly extolled as an agricultural plant, but may be occasionally planted in gardens, because it will survive the severest frost, and be useful when every other plant of the Cabbage tribe has been destroyed. In flavour it is inferior to winter greens. 2 Chou Cavalier, Chou en arbre, Chou a chevre, Grand chou vert commun (Fr.) (Brassica oleracea, B. acephala, ft. vulgaris, * viridis, D. C. 1. c.) This shoots up higher than the preceding variety ; its stems remaining nearly single, but they are scarcely distinguishable from each other. This variety is very generally cultivated in the western part of Europe as food for cattle, and sometimes as a garden vegetable. It grows some- times 5 feet high ; this may be attributed to the stripping off the lower leaves to give them to cattle, as well as from being usually planted in rich soil. 3 OAK-LEAVED BORECOLE, Chouafeuilles de chene (Fr.) This comes near to the next variety. The lobes of the leaves are deep, broad, and entire, or nearly so, and uniformly of a pale-green. This variety is not generally cultivated. Perhaps the Chou de Milan, p. 231. is a variety of this plant. 4 GREEN BORECOLE, SCOTCH KALE, SIBERIAN BORECOLE (Eng.) Chou vert /rise, Chou /range du Nord, Chou frise non pomme (Fr.) (Brdssica oleracea, B. acephala, var. y, Sabellica, D. C. I. c.) There are several sub-varieties under this head. The leaves are of a bright light green deeply lobed, and not very wide, curled on the edges, slightly wrinkled on the upper surface, with veins of a greenish-white colour. The margins of the leaves are plaited so closely as to widen so as to measure three times as much as if the plaits were not ex- tended. The younger leaves in consequence look completely CRUCIFERjE. LXXXIII. BRASSICA. 229 fringed. The part used is the crown or centre of the plant, cut off with as much of the top of the stem as will keep the leaves together, which do not exceed 9 inches in length. It boils well and is most tender, sweet, and delicate, provided it has been duly exposed to the frost. Morgan says it is impossible to find a plant of more excellence for the table or more easily cultivated. The following are sub-varieties of the same, * German Kale (Eng.) Chou d'Allemagne (Fr.) (Brdssica oleracea, B. acephala, var. -y, Sabellica, Germdnica.) This va- riety of the Green Borecole is known in Scotland under the names of German Greens, German Kale, Curled Kale, and Cur- lies. Morgan says this Green is of singular merit. Its leaves are more pointed and grow much longer than those of the others ; their margins are not so much plaited, but being still considerably so, give them a curled or fringed appearance, but not so richly and beautifully so as the true Scotch Kale. The chief difference consists in its furnishing abundance of side shoots or sprouts for the table after the crown has been gathered. It grows tall, and this disposition ought to be encouraged by early planting, for the supply of shoots is nearly in proportion to the length of the stem. It is rather more hardy than the Scotch Kale, in taste it is the same, but when not mellowed by frost has something of a bitter flavour (Loud, encycl. gard.) * * Chou aigrette, Chou plume (Fr.) (Brdssica oleracea, B. acephala, var. y, Sabellica, * pinnata, D. C. I. c.) The leaves of this variety are thin, and very deeply jagged and curled, the indentations being so deep as to appear almost pinnated. It is not much cultivated, and it does not appear to possess any supe- rior quality. * The Ragged Jack. (Brdssica oleracea, B. acephala, var. y, Sabellica, laciniata.) This variety grows short on the ground, and in the spring shoots up strongly from the crown and sides. The leaves are very glaucous, much cut and divided ; the edges are marked with small blunt crenatures, and there arise from several points on the upper surface of each leaf, and particularly on the large ones, small leafy appendages similar in texture to the main leaf. This plant is almost entirely confined to cottage and farm gardens. * The Jerusalem Kale. (Brdssica oleracea, B. acepha- la, var. y, Sabellica, Juddica Delaware Cabbage.) This va- riety agrees with the preceding in habit and growth. The leaves are long, with several deep indentations on each side ; their edges are serrated but not deeply so, the upper surface having a purplish hue, the under surface being a pale green, and the veins are purple, inclining to a pink colour. " The whole plant when growing appears of a dingy purple, and is extremely hardy ; when the taller winter greens have ceased to be good by running to flower the shoots of this are ready to take their place at the table. This with the preceding and following are perhaps refer- able to B. campestris, Napo-Brassica. ***** The Buda Kale, Russian Kale,- Prussian Kale, and by some called Manchester Kale. (Brdssica oleracea, B. acephala, var. y, Sabellica. — Ruthenica.} Like die preceding. This is dwarf in its habit, but more close and compact ; with leaves like the German Kale, and curled on the edges in the same way. Before the plant. begins to shoot in the spring it ap- pears purple, the back and edges of the leaves being tinged with that colour, which of course are more in view in their growing state than when expanded. It is equal in value to any variety of Borecole, sweet and well- flavoured, perfectly hardy, and re- mains till late in the spring before it comes to flower. As this variety is expected to furnish a supply much longer than any of die others, and until late in the spring, a greater breadth of ground should be allowed for it, and a second plantation made in August for the later gathering. A writer in Hort. Trans. Lond. has, by blanching Btida-Kale, very much improved it ; and the process is performed nearly in the same manner as that for Sea Kale. It is blanched by inverting a large flower-pot over it, any other Kale may be rendered more delicate by this process, and it might be had at a time when Sea-Kale cannot be procured, and would be an excellent substitute for it. The Variegated Borecole (Brdssica Oleracea, B. acephala, var. y, Sabellica * * versicolor, D. C. I. c.) Of several of the sub-varieties of Borecole, there are varieties which are blotched or striped with white or red ; these are chiefly cultivated for ornament or curiosity. * * The Purple Borecole or Brorvn Kale of the Germans (Brassica Oleracea, B. acephala, var. y, Sabellica * * purpurascens, D. C. I. c.). This variety differs from the others in the leaves and entire plant being of a deep purple colour, becoming somewhat greenish as the leaves enlarge, but the veins and ribs still remaining purple. It is a more hardy plant than the green Borecole, but of less delicate flavour. When boiled the purple colour in a great degree disappears. (Loud. ency. gard.) Chou rouge frise (Fr.). 5 THE PALM KALE Chou Palmier (Fr.) (Brdssica Oleracea, B. acephala, var. e, palmifolia, D. C. I. c.) This variety is de- scribed by Delaunay in " Le bon Jardinier," as rising to the height of 6 or 1 2 feet, with a straight bare stem, the leaves displaying themselves only at the top, and thus producing the appearance of a little palm-tree ; the leaves are much puckered, and so much rolled inwards at the edges, that they appear narrow, while at the same time they hang in a curved manner, thus aiding the illu- sion. It is almost peculiar to Italy, and not very hardy. The Palm Borecole is said to be cultivated to considerable extent in Jersey and Guernsey in orchards, the outer leaves for feeding cattle, and the heart is used for culinary purposes, and is said to be very good. 6 THE Cow CABBAGE (Loud. gard. mag. vol. 5. f. 14.) or CE- SAREAN KALE (Brdssica Oleracea, B. acephala, var. £, ar- borescens). This plant is almost similar in habit to the preceding, but the stem rises to the height of from 10 to 16 feet, the leaves are not so puckered nor rolled inwards at the edges, nor do they hang down so much. The stem is naked and simple, crowned by a head of leaves like a palm-tree. Sixty plants of this variety are said to afford sufficient provender for one cow for a year, and as the side leaves are only to be used, it lasts four years without fresh planting. In La Vendee this plant is said to attain the height of 12 or 1C feet. In Jersey the plant is suffi- ciently hardy, and where it grows from 4 to 12 feet. The little farmers there feed their cows with the leaves, plucking them from the stem as they grow, leaving the crown at the top. The stems being strong are also used by them for roofing small outhouses. When the gathering of the leaves is finished, at the end of the year, the terminating bud or crown is boiled and is said to be particularly sweet. It is not sufficiently . hardy to stand the climate of Britain, unless planted in a very sheltered situation. 7 THE RIBBED CABBAGE or KALE ; Chou blond a grosses cotes, Chou d grosses cotes, Chou a larges cotes (Fr.). Cove tronchuda (Port.). (Brassica Oleracea, B. acephala, var. i, Costala, D. C. I. c.) The stem of this variety is humble and a little branched. The leaves are sinuately repand with the nerves very thick. It is much cultivated in France and Portugal. 8 THE NEPENTHES-LIKE BORECOLE or KALE (Brdssica Oler- acea, B. acephala, var. nepcnthiformis, D. C. I. c.). The nerves of the leaves of this variety are drawn out like threads, and these threads are terminated by funnel-shaped appendages. This variety is only cultivated for curiosity, and it is seldom to be seen in the collections of this country. Hort. trans. 5. t. 1. Prrpagation of Borecole. All the sorts are raised from seeds, and for a seed-bed of 50 feet square half an ounce is sufficient. 230 CRUCIFERjE. LXXXIII. BRASSICA. Sow the last fortnight in March, and April, and in the beginning of May and in August. The first week in April for a principal crop of German kale, and the first week in August for the crop of Buda kale, and which will be ready to transplant in September. Subsequent culture. When the plants have leaves one or two inches broad, take out some from the seed-bed, and prick them into other open beds six inches apart, giving water, in which let them have four or five weeks' growth. Those left in the seed- bed, as well as these will have all acquired proper strength for transplanting finally in May, or thence till August. Plant them in an open spot in rows two feet and a half asunder for the first forward planting in summer, the other two feet, allotting the whole similar distances in the rows, taking advantage of moist weather, but give occasional watering if the weather is dry until they have struck root. In their advancing growth hoe once or twice to cut down the weeds, and to draw earth about the bottom of their stems to encourage their growth, in the production of large full heads in proper season in September, October, &c. At the approach of winter the stems should be earthed up, espe- cially the taller sorts. When the distances between the plants are such as have been recommended, the hills round each plant will be of such a size and breadth as to cherish the roots of the dwarf varieties, and serve as a protection to the tall sorts in stormy weather. Gathering. The heart is to be gathered of all tall sorts, after which, with the exception of the German kale, and the Cliou de Milan, the stalks should be pulled up and taken to the compost heap ; but the stems of the two sorts excepted are to be left for the sake of their side shoots or sprouts. Of the dwarf sorts the heart may either be cut off, for which the Buda kale and Colc- morts are well suited, or the leaves gathered when the plant begins to grow, which corresponds with the habits of the Egyp- tian and Jerusalem ItaTe. To save. Plant a few plants about twice the distance from each other, as they stood formerly, in an open space in the spring. The seeds will be ready to gather in autumn, when they may be threshed out, and the seed, after being dried, may be put up into bags. This cannot be done with more than one sort in the same garden, on account of promiscuous impregnation by bees, the wind, &c. &c. §3. Savoys. Chou pomme f rise, Chou de Savoie, Chou calm /rise. Chou Pancalier, Chou de Holland, Chou de Milan, fyc. (Brdssica oleracea, C. bullata, D. C. I. c.) These plants are easily known by the leaves being blistered, and growing into headSjpr cabbages. The savoy is in use as a table vegetable from November till spring, unless destroyed by frost, in which case it is succeeded by ihe borecoles or winter greens. These two tribes usually supply the table from November till May. The following are the varieties of Savoy : — 1 The Green Savoy ; Milan vert. (Fr.) B. oler. bull, viridis.) 2 The Dwarf Savoy ; Milan nain. (Fr. B. oler. bull, humilis, D. C. I. c.) 3 The Yellow Savoy ; Milan jaune. (Fr.) (B.oler. bull, lutea.) 4 The Small Early Savoy ; Milan hatif, petit Milan. (Fr.) (.B. oler. bull. t. prcecox, D. C. I. c.) 5 The Eared Savoy ; Milan dore. (Fr.) (B. oler. bull, aurita. D. C. I. c.) 6 The Drumhead or Great Savoy ; Chou gros d'/lmbervil- liers, Pomme /rise d'Allemagne. (Fr.) (B. oler. bull. var. y, major, D. C. I. c.) 7 The Oblong Savoy. (B. oler. bull. var. ft, oblonga, D. C.I. c.) 8 Tourraine Savoy ; Pancalier de Touraine. (Fr.) (B. oler. bull. vulg. Turionensis). . There are several sub-varieties of the above with round, ob- long, conical, or sugar-loaf heads, all of them are excellent autumnal greens. The Green Savoy should be first used, as it is less hardy than the Yellow, and the Dwarf is said to be the hardiest of them all. Any of them will, however, stand ordinary frosts, by which the delicacy of their flavour is much improved. The Savoy is always raised from seed, and for a seed-bed 4 feet and a half by 8 feet, half an ounce of seed will be sufficient. This esculent answers on a light rich soil, poor or exhausted ground should be manured according to the defects of it. Allot an open compartment in the full air, that the seedlings and ad- vancing plants may grow stocky, and not draw up weak and long- stemmed, as they are liable to do in close situations or narrow borders under walls. As to the time of sowing the seeds a sufficient succession is obtained by three or at most four sowings. The first about the middle or latter end of February, these will be ready in August or September, and they will be finely cab- baged by October, and continue in good perfection all November, December, and perhaps January. The second about the middle or latter end of March ; these will be ready to serve from about Michaelmas to Christmas. The third both at the beginning and end of March, full crops should now be sown for the first con- siderable autumn and winter crop. The fourth in May. For the culture of the Savoy the ground should be previously trenched to a good depth. Four feet is a convenient width for the seed-beds. Sow broad-cast, and rake it in a quarter of an inch deep. As soon as the plants have two or three leaves, an inch or two in width, if they stand too crowded, thin the seed- beds by drawing out a quantity regularly, and prick them into other beds 4 inches asunder ; and should the weather be dry, water those left as well as those removed. Permit both divi- sions to remain three, four or five weeks to gain a good stocking size for final transplanting. When the plants are advanced with several leaves 2 or 3 inches broad or more, transplant them finally into the most open quarters of ground, where they will be less annoyed by caterpillars, that they may cabbage with large full heads, planting them at different times as ground becomes vacant. Remove the most forward in May or June for early autumn heading in August or September. But plant the principal crops in June or July, and from the beginning to the middle of August, taking all possible advantage of showery weather ; in drawing the plants observe if any are clubbed or knotty at the root, cut off the protuberances close. Plant those removed in May, June, or July in rows about two feet asunder, and by the same distance in the rows, others late planted in August or September two feet by eighteen inches. In scarcity of vacant ground, some Savoys may be occasionally planted between wide rows of previous standing crops, such as Beans, Cauliflowers, and early Cabbage, that are sufficiently forward to be gathered off by the time the Savoys will want the entire ground. Before and after planting in dry weather watering would be of essential service. As the plants of the different successions advance, keep them free from weeds by occasional draw-hoeing. At the same time loosen the surface of the earth, and draw some about the stems of the plants, let this be done twice or oftener, to forward them in a free enlarging growth. They will gradually heart, fully cabbaging in September, Octo- ber, November, and December, &c. as they are the crops of the forward or the later sowings ; they may be cut for use accord- ingly, and during the winter. The Savoys left standing will continue good till the middle or end of February, when, or in the course of March they open and send up seed-stalks. * Brussels sprouts. Chou a jets, Chou a jets et rejets, Chou de Bruxelles, Chou a mille teles, Chou vert a petites pommes le long du pied. (Fr.) (Brdssica oleracea, C. bullata $, gemmi- fera, D. C. I. c.) The Brussels sprouts is only considered a sub-variety of the CRUCIFER.E. LXXXIII. BRASSICA. 231 Savoy. It produces an elongated stem, often four feet high, beset with numerous green heads like Savoys in miniature, the whole ranged spirally along the stem, the main leaves of which drop off early. The top of the plant resembles that of a Savoy planted late in the season ; it is small, with a green heart of little value. Van Mons says, Hort. trans, vol. 3. " If this vegetable be compared with any other that occupies as little space, lasts as long, and grows as well in situations generally considered unfavour- able, such as between rows of potatoes, scarlet-runners or among young trees, it must be considered superior in utility to most others." Nicol considers it deserving more general culture in Scotland ; and Morgan, Hort. trans, vol. 2. says it is an excellent sort of green for the winter, but not sufficiently hardy to last through the winter in England. The sprouts are used as winter greens, and at Brussels they are sometimes served at table with a sauce, composed of vinegar, butter, and nutmeg, poured upon them hot after they have been boiled. The top, Van Mons says, is very delicate when dressed, and quite different in flavour from the sprouts. The plants are raised from seed, of which an ounce may be requisite for a seed-bed 4 feet by 10. The first sowing of a full crop should be in April. The second in May. Van Mons, in a paper already referred to, says, " The seed is sown in spring under a frame, so as to bring the plants forward ; they are then transplanted into an open border with a good aspect. By thus beginning early, and sowing successively till late in the season," he says, " we contrive to supply ourselves in Belgium with this delicious vegetable full ten months in the year, that is, from the end of July till the end of May. The plants need not be placed at more than 1 8 inches asunder, as the head never spreads wide, and the side leaves soon drop off. In this and every other respect, the cultivation is the same as the Borecole." As to gathering the crop, Morgan says, the sprouts must have some frost before they are feathered, but this, Van Mons says, is an erroneous opinion. In Belgium the small cabbages are not esteemed if of more than half an inch in diameter. It is usual to cut the tops off ten or fifteen days before gathering the sprouts from the stem. In spring, when the sprouts are disposed to run to flower, their growth is checked, by taking up the plants and laying them in the ground in a shaded spot. As to the saving of seeds, Van Mons says it is usual to save indiscriminately from topped or untopped plants, but that he intends to save them from the topped plants only, hoping thereby to improve the progeny. In order to procure genuine seed of the Brussels sprouts, it is necessary to have them sent direct from Brussels. * * Chou de Milan is considered as a variety of the Brussels sprouts, and it grows with an elongated stem something like it as well as in general habit, except that the side shoots, instead of forming little close cabbages, are open like Borecoles. The prin- cipal leaves of this plant are not very large ; they are wrinkled like the Savoy, and form a small crown on the top of the plant, which remains open and does not cabbage, the top may be cut off and used in February. Even if not wanted for use, the head should be taken off at that period to forward the growth of the sprouts, which come into full use early in March, when those of the German kale are too far advanced. When dressed they are particularly rich and delicate. Abercrombie says this plant, to admit of its full growth, requires a yard square, but that it con- tinues the longest in spring of any of the tall greens without running to seed. The cultivation, in every other respect, is the same as the Borecoles or Brussels sprouts. To save seed. The grand object is to place the plants where they will be in no danger of being impregnated with the farina of any other of the Brassica tribe. A few good plants should be selected and planted in an open spot by themselves in the spring, where the seeds will ripen in August. No more than one sort can be safely grown in the same garden, Sec. 1 § 4 Cabbage. Chou pomme, or Cabus, Chou en tete, Chou pomme afeuilles lisses, Brassica Oleracea, D. capitata, D. C. 1. c. Kopfkohl, (Ger.) Cavolo, Cqpuccia. (ftal.) * WHITE CABBAGE. The varieties of the White Cabbage are too well known, and their uses too universal, to require any description here. They produce firm compact heads, glaucous green, or greenish-yellow leaves externally, but blanched within ; and varying in different sorts from 3 to 12 or 15 inches in diameter, and from 2 to 15 or twenty pounds weight. The varieties are numerous, but the sorts chiefly cultivated are as follow : — * Heads oblong, or elliptical. 1 . Small early dwarf 2. Early dwarf, York 3. Large early York 4. Large oblong hollow 5. Long-sided hollow * * Brassica oleracea, D. Capi- , tata, S. elliptica D. C. 1. c. f Chou a tete on ale, Chou d'York, ' Brassica oleracea, D. Capi- tata, E. conica, D. C. 1. c. Chou pain de sucre, Chou chicon, Chou d'Ambervilliers, Chou de Battersea, 8(c., (Fr.) Heads conical. Early dwarf sugar-loaf Large sugar-loaf East Ham West Ham 5. Early Battersea 6. Late Battersea 7. Early Imperial 8. Wellington Antwerp Russian Early London hollow Large hollow sugar-loaf Emperor Early heart-shaped Paington Flaw's early Depiford This last variety is excellent, both for early and late crops. * * * Heads large round. 1 . Large round winter white } Er&ss{ca olera D. C ;_ *• Great round Scotch or^ B. spha'ricaalba. White Strasbourg!), from which \ chm ££, commun> Chou the German sour krout 1S chiefly I ^ commun> $.c. (Fr.) Heads rvithflat tops. Brassica oleracea, D. Capi- \tata, adepressa. 9. 10. 1 1 . 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. made. 1. Great drum-head flat- topped 2. Bainbrige's flat Dutch Chou pomme a tete aplatie. Audib. ***** Heads obovate. 1 . Obovate headed Cabbage, or~\ Pentonville. This is a large obo- J Brassica oleracea, D. Capi- vate-headed kind ; leaves white I tata, y obovata D. C. 1. c. and fleshy, wrinkled like the I Chou a tete obovale Audib. savoy. Very delicate and fine, / It appears from the descrip- in perfection during the latter i tion that the Pentonville Cab- summer months, when other cab- I bage is a variety of Savoy. bages are of strong flavour. J The first seven or eight sorts are suitable for the earliest and secondary crops ; and the middle-sized and large kinds for the principal summer, autumn, and winter supplies. 1. For the earliest crops allot some of the small kinds, such as the Early dwarf York, East and West Ham, Early Imperial, Early Bat- tersea, Wellington, Early London hollow, Early dwarf sugar-loaf, Flaw's early Deptford, &c., for cabbaging in April, May, and June. 2. Raise more considerable quantities of the middle-sized 232 CRUCIFERjE. LXXXIII. BRASSICA. sorts ; particularly Large early York, Large hollow su:^ar-loaf, Early Battersea, Flaw s early Deptford, Penton, Early Imperial, Antwerp, Russian, Emperor, Wellington, Large oblong hollow, &c , for general summer crops. 3. Choose the larger later sorts, for succession, summer, and general autumn cabbages. The Large hollow sugar-loaf, Large oblong hollow, Long-sided hol- low, Large round winter (white), Late Battersea, Large sugar- loaf, &c., are excellent for late cabbaging in August, September, or October, till Christmas ; or any of the middle-sized varieties may be eligibly sown for latter succession-crops in summer and autumn, to cut in light young growth ; also to cultivate for cab- bage-colewort, either with small hearts, or as open greens for family and market supply, in autumn, winter, spring, and re- turning summer. 4. Large round winter cabbage, Great round Scotch, Great drum-head, Baimbridge's flat Dutch, and Ame- rican kinds, all reaching a very expanded bulk in autumn and winter, are not usually so well fitted for family consumption as the foregoing, being more commonly adopted for field culture, to feed cattle in winter. Propagation, All the kinds are raised from seed annually, of which, according to Abercrombie's seed- estimate, for a seed-bed to raise the Early York and similar varieties, 4 feet wide, by 20 in length, 2 ounces will be required. For a seed-bed to raise the Large sugar-loaf, and other luxuriant growers, 4 feet by 36 in length, 2 ounces. But according to Mac-Kintosh, one ounce of seed of the early sorts will sow a seed-bed of 40 feet sqviare ; and for the more luxuriant sorts, 1 ounce will sow a seed-bed of 60 feet square. Sow at four different seasons, covering the seed from an eighth to a quarter of an inch thick; that is, 1. In February, for use in July, August, or September ; but if the winter has destroyed many of the plants which were sown the preceding August, it will be proper to sow some of the seed of the earlier sorts as the weather will permit ; and if a few be forwarded by sowing them in a slight hot-bed, it will be a great advantage. 2, In April. Prefer for this sowing the Battersea, Antwerp, and Pentonville. 3. May. Sow the Sugar-loaf and any close quick hearting kinds for summer and autumn, colewort, and young autumn cabbages. 4. In August, in the first and second week, this time being most conducive to ultimate success. Some sow in the end of July, to have the plants stronger before the approach of winter ; but of a crop so forward, many of them, and often all, run to seed. For this sowing prefer the Dwarf York, East Ham, Early Emperor, and Sugar-loaf, for the first crops ; Large York, Large Sugar-loaf, Battersea, Penton, Imperial, Antwerp, Russian, &c. for the secondary spring crops. Stil and situation. The soil for seedlings should be light, and, excepting for early sowing, not rich. Where market Gar- deners raise great quantities of seedling cabbages, to stand the winter, and to be sold for transplanting in spring, they choose, in general, the poorest and stifFest piece of land they have got, more especially in Scotland, where large autumnal sowings of Winter drum-head and round Scotch are annually made, and where the stiffness of the soil gives a peculiar firmness of tex- ture and hardness of constitution to the plants, and prevents their being thrown out of the soil during the thaws. Trans- planted cabbages require a rich soil, rather clayey than sandy, and, as Mr. Neill and Mr. Nichol observe, it can scarcely be too much manured, as they are an exhausting crop. Autumnal plantations, intended to stand the winter, should have a dry soil, well dug and manured, and of a favorable aspect. The cabbage tribe, whether in the seed-bed or final plantation, ever require an open situation ; for under the drip of trees, or in the shade, seedlings are drawn up weak, and grown crops are meagre, worm-eaten, and ill-flavoured. Autumnal sown crop, or those sown in August. Sow each sort separately ; give occasional watering if the weather is dry or hot, or sometimes shade with mats in hot sunny days, till the plants come up fully ; after which continue necessary moderate watering, if a dry season, to forward and strengthen the crop. When the plants have two or three leaves, an inch or two broad, in September, or the beginning of October, lift some consider- able portion from the seed-beds, and prick into beds of good earth, about 4 inches apart, giving water. All these are to remain in the intermediate beds during winter, to gain strength for transplanting in the spring. Those left in the seed-beds will thus have more room to advance equally for transplanting, the most forward of the early sorts in the same year, towards the end of October, or in November or December ; and the princi- pal in the spring, the last fortnight of February, or in March or April. February, March, or April sown crop. It is requisite to sow in the spring, to raise plants to succeed the August-sown crop, for use the same year, partly as young summer cabbages, and partly for heading in the autumn and winter. For this purpose sow at the close of February or in March, or the beginning of April. A few for early summer use may be sown on a slight hot-bed, or on a warm border under glass. Sow the different kinds separately, and treat them in the same manner as recom- mended for the last sowing. When the plants are of sufficient size for final transplanting, in May, June, or July, taking advan- tage of moist weather if it occurs, plant them out in rows, from one to two feet asunder for the dwarf and middle-sized kinds, and for the large kinds from two feet and a half to a yard dis- tant. Give water at planting, if the weather be dry. In their subsequent growth draw-hoe them occasionally, to kill weeds, and to draw earth round the stems. May to July-somn crops. For late young summer and autumn cabbages, and winter plants, sow small portions at any time from May to July, principally of the quick-hearting kinds. Plant them out finally in summer and autumn, to produce young heads and small cabbage-hearted coleworts in August, Septem- ber, October, and thence till midwinter. The large, late, family cabbages, which make returns for autumn, winter, and early spring ; also the largest kinds usually adopted for field-culture, are to be excluded from this sowing, as they are properly raised as part of the principal crops sown in August, and early in spring. Abercrombie. Kinds proper for Colen'orts. The original variety of cabbage called colewort, is, or seems to be, lost ; and is now succeeded by what are called cabbage-coleworts. These, Abercrombie says, are valuable family plants, useful in three stages ; as young open greens, as greens with closing hearts, and as greens form- ing a cabbage growth. Procure seeds of some "middle-sized early kind, quick-hearting, and of close growth, such as the early and large York, East Ham, Sugar-loaf, and Wellington. Occasionally for larger coleworts, you may adopt some Batter- sea, Imperial, Antwerp, and Early London hollow ; but avoid the larger late kinds, which, in a colewort state, are too spread- ing and open ; the others are close, stocky, and full of heart, and boil most tender and sweet for the table. Times of sowing Cabbage for Co'.eworts. To have a good supply of coleworts for autumn, winter, or spring and returning summer, it is proper to make three or four sowings in summer and autumn ; that is, one sowing towards the middle of June, a second at the same time in July, and the third in the last week of the same month. These crops are for transplanting in August, September, and October, and will amount to a continued provi- sion for autumn, winter, and early spring coleworts, from Sep- tember till March or April. At this time the plants of these sowings will start for flowering. To succeed these a consider- able sowing should be made in the beginning, from the 3d to 6th of August. Having been transplanted in autumn, the for- • CRUCIFERjfc. LXXXIII. BRASSICA. 233 wardest of these plants will be fit for gathering in the course of winter, if the weather be mild ; but the principal part should be set apart for a continuing spring crop, to increase in growth from March till June, without running to seed, as would generally be the case if sown before the time just specified. What are not used in their colewort state in spring, will advance to cabbaging, to be cut either with small hearts, or with middling or full heads, in the early part of summer and autumn ; and if it be required to have coleworts in a younger state in summer and autumn, you may sow at the time of raising the spring-sown crop of cabbages. Taking In the crop. After taking off the head, never neglect immediately to pull up the stalk, and carry it off, with all the refuse leaves, to the compost heap, in order that the stems may not push out shoots to exhaust the ground needlessly, as well as to promote neatness and order. Some, who instead of remov- ing the roots and stems of the main summer crop, leave them in the ground, deprived of their injured leaves, and with the inter- vals between the rows stirred, and perhaps manured, allow them to stand till spring. Thus treated they push out in autumn ; and in January or February abound in fine cabbage-sprouts, not much inferior to young cabbages. Sometimes this practice is applied to the earliest spring or summer sorts, in which case the sprout cabbages come into use the following autumn. Cabbage Colcnorts are gathered when the leaves are as broad as a man's hand. The largest are drawn up by the root, which is usually allowed to remain attached to those taken to public market, as it retains the sap, and tends to preserve them succulent a longer period than if the root was taken off. * * Red Cabbage. Chou pomme rouge (Fr.) Roth Kopfkohl (Germ.) Cavdo rosso (Ital.) Brdssica oleracea, D. Capitata. * * rubra, D. C. 1. c. This variety is similar in form to the White Cabbage, but of a purple or brownish-red colour. The red cabbage is chiefly used for pickling or garnishing ; and the dwarf red variety, Mr. Neill observes, certainly does make one of the most beautiful Eickles that can be presented at table. Both the dwarf and irge sorts are sometimes shredded down in winter salads, like beet-root ; and the Germans prepare sour krout from all or any of the varieties. The following are the principal varieties of Red Cabbage : 1 Large red, or Red Dutch, with a large firm round head, usually cultivated in market gardens. 2 Dwarf red, with a small round, firm, delicate head, less common than the other, chiefly cultivated in gentlemen's gar- dens. 3 Aberdeen red, with an open leafy head, chiefly found in cottage gardens in the north of Scotland, and is an ingredient in the national dish, the kale brose. The propagation, sowing, and culture, are in all respects the same as for the winter cabbages, excepting that the heads are not used when imperfectly formed, or as coleworts, but the plants should in all cases be allowed to stand till they have formed close firm heads. Sow in August, for a crop to stand the winter, and to come in at the close of next summer, and thence till the end of autumn. Sow early in spring for returns in the following winter or spring. To save seeds of the different kinds of Cabbages, says Mr. Neill, affords employment to many persons in various parts of England. No plant is more liable to be spoilt by cross-breeds than the cabbage tribe ; therefore the kinds must be kept, when in flower, at a considerable distance from each other. Bees are extremely apt to carry the pollen of one to the other, and pro- duce confusion in the progeny. Market gardeners, and some private individuals, raise seed for their own use. For this pur- pose some of the handsomest cabbages are dug up in autumn, and sunk in the ground to the head ; early next summer the VOL. i. — PART in. flowers appear, and abundance of seed is produced. When the seed has been well ripened, it will keep good for eight or ten years. It has been observed, that seed gathered from the entire plant produce better plants than those that are gathered from the sprouts of plants that the heads have been taken off. § 5. Turnip-stemmed Cabbage. Chou-rave (Fr.) Rabi- kale or Cole or Kohl-rube (Germ.) Egyptian kale. Cape Cab- bage. (Brdssica oleracea, E. caulo-rdpa, D. C. I. c.) These resemble the Swedish turnip, which has shot into a head. The stalk is very thick, and extends above ten inches above the ground, and this thick stem has the appearance of a turnip above ground. The principal varieties are the following : 1 . Egyptian Kale, Rabi-kale ( D. C. I. c.) The stalk of this variety is very thick, and extends about 10 inches above the ground ; the leaves are narrow without crenatures, but gene- rally have at the lower part a strong undulation on each side ; they are of a glaucous-green, like those of the Swedish turnip. It is chiefly grown in cottage-gardens, but this is not the true Turnip Cabbage. This plant is probably a slight sub-variety of the following. 2 White Turnip-stemmed Cabbage (Engl.) Chou-rave-blanc. Chou-rave-commun, Chou de Siam, (Fr.) Knol-kohl (Cape.) B. oleracea, E. caulo-rapa * alba, (D. C. I. c.) Kohl-rube, or Kohl-rabi (Germ.) Cabola (Ital.) The stem is thick with a round or oval gibbosity in the middle like a turnip, two or three inches from the ground, from which the leaves proceed ; they are glaucous-green. The heart is open and not cabbaged. The plant has not long been introduced, and has chiefly been culti- vated as food for cattle. It is very common in the north of Europe, especially in Sweden and Poland, where it is to be found in every cottage-garden. The turnip part of the stem pared and sliced down, is used in soups like the turnip, and sometimes also served whole, but unless they are used when very young they soon become rank. The leaves are used like those of greens or coleworts, but as Abercrombie remarks, unless when very young, are disagreeable and rank tasted. This appears scarcely to be a variety of the last. Knol-kohl of the Cape and East Indies. 3 Chou-rave-violet (Fr.) Purple Turnip-stemmed kale. Brds- sica oleracea, E. Caulo-rdpa * * purpurascens, (D. C. I. c.) This variety is distinguished from the last in having purplish leaves and stems. The turnip on the stem is nearly of the same shape, and the plant is cultivated for the same purposes. 4 Chou-rave crepu (Fr.) Puvonazza (Ital.) {Brdssica oleracea, E. caulo-rapa ft, crispa D. C. I. c.) This variety grows short on the ground, and in the spring shoots up strongly from the crown and sides, which are curled and fringed on the edges. The bulb on the stem is not so thick as in the two last varieties. The plant is chiefly cultivated at Naples. The propagation, sowing, culture, and saving seed are in all respects the same as for the varieties of Borecole, which see. § 6. Cauliflower and Brocoli. (Brdssica oleracea, F. bo- trytis, D. C. I. c.) These are distinguished from the other varieties of Brdssica oleracea, by the peduncles and racemes being corymbose, very fleshy, and very much crowded before flowering. * Cauliflower, Chou-Jleur (Fr.) Blumenkohl (Germ.) Ca- volo jiori (Ital.) This is one of the most delicate and curious of the whole of the Brassica tribe, the flower-buds forming a close firm cluster or head, white and delicate, and for the sake of which the plant is cultivated. These heads or flowers being boiled, wrapped generally in a clean linen cloth, are served up as a most delicate dish. Cauliflower is a particular favourite in this country. " Of all the flowers in the garden," Dr. Johnson used to say, " I like the cauliflower." Its culture, however, had been but little attended to till about the close of the 17th century ; since that time it has been greatly improved, insomuch H h 234 CRUCIFERjE. LXXXIII. BRASSICA. that Cauliflower may now fairly be claimed as peculiarly an English product. Till the time of the French Revolution quan- tities of English cauliflower were regularly sent to Holland and the Low Countries, and even France depended on us for cauli- flower seed. Even now, English seed is preferred to any other. For the early supply of the London market, very great quan- tities of Cauliflower are fostered under hand-glasses during winter and the first part of spring ; and to hehold some acres overspread with such glasses, gives a stranger a favourable idea of the richness and luxury of the capital. (Neill.) The following are the names of the varieties most in culti- vation : — 1 Early, for the first early crops. 2 Later or Large, for principal early and main crops. 3 Red Cauliflower, having the stalks or heads of reddish- purple colour, esteemed more hardy than the others, and good for an early crop. Very little difference in quality has been discovered between these three varieties. Their distinctions are too trifling to merit the attention of practical horticulturists. Like the rest of the tribe they are apt to sport into degenerate varieties. " An action for damages was brought in Westminster Hall, against a poor but unfortunate gardener for selling cauliflower seed, which only produced long-leaved cabbages." This circumstance has been particularly noticed by Linnaeus. Propagation and Soil. The Cauliflower is raised from seed, of which half an ounce is sufficient for a seed-bed four feet and a half wide by ten in length, or a bed of 40 square feet. The soil for the seed-bed may be light, but for final transplanting it can hardly be too rich, the Cauliflower, like the vine, being re- puted " a rough feeder." Cleanings of streets, stables, cess-pools, &c. ought therefore to be liberally supplied during the growth of the plants, when very large heads are desired. Times of sowing. The early and main superior crop, brought to fruit by the longest nursery attendance ; the late summer succession crop, raised by the shortest course, and the Michael- mas crop, obtained at die least expense, are sown respectively at three different periods. The principal sowing is made about the end of the third week in August, or about the middle of the month, to stand over the winter under frames, hand-glasses, or half sheltered in warm borders, for the early and main superior crops next summer. A secondary sowing in February or March, for succession and late inferior crops, but in order to bring the plants up early and to forward them twelve days or a fortnight in their growth, it will be well to sow them in a mo- derate hot-bed. Make the bed about twenty inches or two feet thick of dung, on which put a frame, then lay four or five inches in depth of rich earth over the bed. Sow the seed on the surface, cover it a quarter of an inch thick of like rich earth, and then set the glass on. As soon as the plants appear, let them have air every day by tilting the glass a consider- able height, and in mild weather the lights may be taken quite off in the day-time, for if kept too close it would cause them to grow up weak. But where there is not the convenience of a frame, cover the bed at nights and in bad weather with Dutch mats over hoops or long sticks, sprinkle them with water occasionally if the weather be dry. Those sown in March re- quire the same treatment as the February sowings. Cauliflower for a successional crop may be sown any time in the month of May on a sheltered border, about the end of this month a second sowing may be made for the last crop of the season, on a free open spot of light earth ; these last will come into use the fol- lowing autumn or winter. Mr. W. Ball finds that if cauliflower-seed is not sown till the last week in August, and that if the seedlings are not transplanted till the middle or near the end of November, before the hard weather sets in, no sort of covering is nece ssary, nor any other protection than that afforded by a wall having a south aspect ; in such a border, and without any covering, young cauliflower- plants have uniformly stood well for many successive winters, and have always proved better and sounder plants for spring planting than such as have had additional shelter. The seed- lings protected with glass-frames generally grow too gross in the stems, which become partly blackened, and the plants being thus unhealthy are not fit for planting out. Late raised seed- lings which spend the winter in the open border, uniformly become the largest and finest table cauliflowers during the summer, though they certainly do not come in quite so early. Cauliflower plants, it is probable, are often killed with too much attention. Seedlings raised in autumn seem to be very tenacious of life. (Caled. hort. mem. 3. p. 192.) A method of producing Cauliflower pretty early and with great certainty is this ; the plants are set in small pots in the winter season and kept in any convenient part of the floor of a vinery or other glazed house. In the beginning of March they are taken out of the pots with the ball of earth attached, and planted in the open ground. If they be here protected against severe frosts with bell-glass covers, they come into head in the course of April, if the weather prove favorable. (Neill.) The following method of obtaining a crop of early cauliflower is re- commended by an anonymous correspondent in Loudon's Gar- dener's Magazine. From a seed-bed which has been sown two or three days after rather than before the customary period, select a score or two of healthy plants ; pot them singly in the smallest sized garden-pots in rich loamy compost, water and plunge them in a cold frame, shading for a short time until they have taken root. Afterwards give them air daily, drawing on the lights at night and defending them from severe frost with mats, water frequently with tepid manured water, and keep clear from decayed leaves and weeds. Examine the state of the roots from time to time, and as they become in the least degree matted, immediately shift in forty-eight sized pots with the before-men- tioned compost, and replace them carefully in the same frame and attending to them as before. When the root£ have nearly filled these last pots, shift into thirty-twos, and in due time they will ultimately require twenty-fours, or if they have grown ra- pidly even eighteehs. After being firmly established in these, they may be removed into a vinery, peach, or other forcing-house, there to remain till the end of March or beginning of April, when they may be turned out into the open air between the asparagus-beds or any other warm or sheltered spot. They will require to be put in very deep and protected by hand-glasses, or at least by boughs of trees, that they may not suffer from the sudden transition of weather or inclement skies. It is hardly necessary to add that the whole success of this method of culture depends entirely on the plants receiving no check in any stage of their growth, either from want of timely repotting, water, air, of sufficient protection from frost ; while in the house if not supplied with water in pans they are very liable to button, and thereby wholly defeat the end in view. Crop to stand the winter. For the early and general crops next summer, make considerable sowings from the middle till near the end of August, to stand the winter, some being finally planted out the same year in warm borders in October or No- vember under hand-glasses, and the others pricked out into frames and warm borders for planting out finally in the spring into the open ground to succeed the hand-glass heads or for the general summer-crop. Sow in a bed of rich light mellow earth. After sowing give occasional light waterings in dry weather, and shade in hot sunny days till the plants come up, when these have leaves an inch or an inch and half broad in September, prick them into intermediate beds three or four inches apart, CRUCIFER^l. LXXXIII. BRASSICA. 235 watering and occasionally shading from the mid-day sun, till they have taken root ; to remain in such beds till they have gained strength till October. Hand-glass Division. " Towards the close of October, transplant a quantity finally into rich ground, which has been well dunged, under hand-glasses in rows three feet and a half or four feet asunder, with intervening alleys a foot wide, and three feet apart in a row. Set three, four or six plants centrally under each glass about four inches apart, with the design of re- taining only two or three of the best plants in the spring. Give a moderate watering at planting, and put on the glasses close till the plants take root, discoverable in a week or ten days, by their shewing a renewed growth ; then raise the glasses on the wannest side, one or two inches in mild days, to admit free air to the plants. Continue the glasses all winter, but in all tem- perate weather tilt up the south side daily two or three inches to give the requisite admission of free air. You may occasionally take the glasses off, especially if the plants appear to draw or get on too fast in growth, as they are sometimes apt to run into small button heads in their nursery state, useless for future culture ; but put on the glasses early towards evening, and always keep them on at night and during cold rain, snow, and frosts, shutting them close down in all inclement weather,- and during rigorous frosts it would be advisable to give some pro- tection with long dry stable litter round the glasses, or to cover with mats, removing the covering when mild settled weather occurs. Thus conforming to the vicissitudes of the weather, continue the glasses till the close of April or beginning of May, giving larger admissions of free air as the warmer season of spring advances, and sometimes in fine mild weather admit a moderate warm shower of rain. Meanwhile in March, if all or most of the plants under the glasses have stood the winter, be careful to leave only one or two of the strongest under each glass, transplanting the superabundant into the open garden in a quarter of rich mellow earth, improved with rotten dung dug in a spade deep ; setting the plants two feet and a half asvinder, and giving water. In thinning the plants be careful in taking out those with black shanks, but do not take the trouble to transplant them, for they will prove abortive. At the same time, to assist those remaining under the glasses, draw a little earth about the stem of each. To these continue the glasses till the period men- tioned above to forward them in full growth for the most early production ; but as they expand in the herb raise each glass upon the props three or four inches high, to admit air freely, and to give a larger scope of room above, for the free growth of the plants, or when further advanced you may draw a small ledge of earth round the bottom of each glass, both to raise the props higher for an additional upward space, and to contain water when occasionally given in dry weather. Towards the end of April or the beginning of May, when the plants will in a manner have filled the glasses, remove these from the most forward, but continue the aid of glass as long as practicable, to accelerate the plants into early heading in May. Thus the most early crop will produce a supply of flower-heads for gatherings in succession in May and June." Frame Division. " The other plants of the same sowing designed for wintering in frames, may in young growth, at the end of September or beginning of October, be either pricked at once into the winter beds, or be at that time removed into a preparatory bed in the open garden, to have a month's growth in order to be transplanted into the frame beds in the end of October or beginning of November in rows, crosswise, four or three inches apart in the bed, covering the surface with dry ashes or sharp sand. Give a light watering, and put on the lights close till the plants have taken root, then prop up the lights behind two or three inches, or draw them off occasionally to the back of the frames in mild dry days, but keep them on when very cold, and in rain, snow, frost, and always at night, and in severe frost cover the glasses and round the frames with dry long strawy litter and mats ; but in all mild, dry weather admit the air fully as in managing the hand-glasses. Then in March or beginning of April, transplant the whole into the open garden in rows two feet and a half asunder, and they will come into full production in July and August." Half-sheltered Portion. " In want of frames or hand-glasses, you may in October either prick some plants into a warm south border close under the fence, three inches apart to be protected in rigorous frosts with mats, dry litter or reed pannels ; or you may prick some into a bed, arched over with hoops, to receive a covering of mats during cold nights or heavy rains, snow or frosts in the day-time in winter. Give the full air in all moder- ate weather till March or April, then all to be transplanted finally as above." Secondary sowing or first spring-raised crop. " For late succession summer cauliflower to succeed the autumn-raised early and main summer crops, or if none were raised to stand the winter. Sow in February or beginning of March in a mo- derate hot-bed, or where that cannot be had, in a warm border under a frame or hand-glass, and when the young plants have leaves an inch broad, prick them into other beds of the same description, three inches apart, to gain strength by three or four weeks growth, in order to be planted out into the open garden at the end of April or beginning of May, where they will produce tolerable heads in July or August. Sow also in the open garden during the last fortnight in March and the first in April for a later succession with small heads in August and throughout autumn. Plants of the late crop removed as late as May for fruiting the same year should be planted in a shady border." Second spring-raised crop. " The next and last sowing is for the late autumn and winter crop, commonly called the Michael- mas crop, to be made towards the 24th of May, in a bed of light earth. Prick out the young plants in June to remain in the in- termediate bed till about the middle of July, then to be trans- planted two-feet and a half asunder. Give occasional watering till they have taken good root. They will begin to produce heads in October, but they will be of superior size in November and December if temperate weather follows. Final culture of the three crops. " With respect to the cul- ture of the different crops, after being finally transplanted, it is to hoe the ground occasionally in order to cut down weeds, and as well to loosen the earth and draw some round the stems of the plants. When the early crops are nearly advanced to full growth in May and June, one or two good waterings to the roots will con- tribute to their producing large heads. In the dry weather of meridian summer water those not in flower twice a- week, and those in flower every second day. As the flower heads shew themselves turn down some of the larger leaves to defend them from sun and rain, and to preserve them white and close in per- fection." Abercrombie. Insects and Slugs. " Cauliflower plants when first planted out are frequently infested with flies or their larvae, to attract which it is not uncommon to sow a little radish-seed on the Cauli- flower ground a fortnight before transplanting, the flies preferring the tender leaves of the radish to those of the cauliflower, the latter are thus suffered to escape." London. Look carefully once a-week or oftener, if mild weather, over the cauliflower plants, as slugs will destroy many of them, the best way is to pick them carefully off with the hand. Laying a little chaff round the plants is said to keep off slugs. In severe weather mice and rats will be apt to destroy them ; recourse must then be had to poison and traps. The plants should be kept clean from dead leaves and weeds. Hh2 236 CRUCIFER&. LXXXIII. BRASSICA. Storing or Preserving during Winter. " Cauliflowers may be preserved for a considerable time by various methods. About the end of the month of October pick out all those that have close and well-shaped heads, lift them carefully with a spade, dress off most of the leaves above the flower, remove them to an open-shed, and lay them in by the heels, as it is called, among rotten tan or dry mould, place them closely together, but not so as to touch each other. In this state, if kept free of damp, they will continue good for some time after those in the open air are exhausted. They may also be carefully taken up, and stored in the same way in the borders of any peach-house or vinery, ob- serving to shut up the lights during rain, and also on frosty nights. They may also be protected in deep garden-frames, or they may be taken up in a dry day and carried to an airy shed, and tied in pairs, and hung up on poles or strong nails with their heads downwards ; or they may be cut over about six inches below the flower, and a few of their leaves left to be wrapped round them, and buried about eighteen inches below the surface, in a dry bank or among sand, in a cellar or out-house. " The most successful method we have practised for preserv- ing Cauliflower in perfection through the winter months is to cut them in dry weather, dress off all their leaves, 'put them in an airy place to dry for a day or two, then bury them in casks or boxes amongst bog-mould, composed of vegetable matter, such as is dry for fuel. This kind is antiseptic and capable of resist- ing putrefaction, particularly when excluded from atmospheric air. Cauliflower preserved in this way should be well washed previously to using, as they become black when buried any length of time ; not that such blackness proceeds from any decompo- sition of the heads, but arises from the more subtile particles of the mould adhering to their surface." Mackintosh. A method of preserving Cauliflower is mentioned, Cal. hort. soc. mem. vol. 1. p. 129, and which consists in burying the entire plant in a pit about eighteen inches deep, dug along the bottom of a wall. On a dry day the plants are taken up and the leaves are wrapped round the head or flower, they are then deposited in the trench, the heads sloping downwards and the roots extending upwards, so that the roots of one layer cover the tops of another. Next the whole are covered closely with earth, sloping it from the wall and beating it smooth with the back of the spade so that the rain may run off. In this way they are preserved from No- vember to January. To save Seed. " Mark and leave some prime plants of the thoroughly nursed early and main crops in May and June, when the flower heads are in highest perfection, as those of late pro- ductton will not ripen seed effectually. The stools will afford ripe seed in September, when be careful to watch the chaffinches, green-birds, &c. to gather the branches as the seed upon them ripens. Lay them elevated from the ground in some sunny, airy situation, to dry and harden to full maturity ; after which let the seed be beaten or rubbed out, cleaned and sifted from the husky parts, spread on a cloth to dry the whole equally, and then put up for sowing the following year." Abercrombie. * * Brocoli, (Eng.) Broccoli (Fr.) Italienesche Kohl (Ger.) Cavolo Romano, or Broccoli (Ital.) (Brdssica oleracea, F. bo- trytis. * asparagotdes, D. C. 1. c.) Brocoli is scarcely distinguishable from Cauliflower. The stem is usually taller ; the leaves are more elongated ; the pe- duncles are fleshy at the top, bearing small flower-buds, and of a hardier constitution. The varieties are divided into the White and Purple Brocoli ; there are numerous sub-varieties of each. In Miller's Dictionary, under the article Brassica, the few Brocolis that were then known are supposed to have proceeded from the Cauliflower, which was originally imported from the Isle of Cyprus about the middle of the 1 6th century. Miller mentions the White and Purple or Maltese Brocoli as coming from Italy, and it is conjectured that from these two sorts all the subsequent kinds have arisen, either by accidental or premeditated impregnation. Miller mentions the Roman Neapolitan and Black Brocoli as being in use in his time, but he says of those the Roman is the best. Mr. Neill observes, that no culinary plant is so liable to sport as Brocoli ; so that new kinds, slightly different, are conti- nually coming into notice or favour, and as speedily sinking into neglect. Maher observes (Hort. trans. 1. p. 116.) that as all plants of the Brassica tribe become less alkalescent and more palatable in proportion as they approach to a pale or white co- lour, such varieties of Brocoli will undoubtedly be preferable to purple ones if they turn out equally hardy. An able writer on this subject, H. Ronalds, of Brentford, has given (Hort. trans. 3.) a description of different varieties of Brocoli, with an account of the method of cultivating them ; from this and any new addi- tional information on this subject, in Loudon's encycl. gard., we shall chiefly compose this article. §. Varieties and their Culture. 1 Purple, Cape, or Autumnal Brocoli. This has a close com- pact head, of a beautiful colour; the leaves are almost entire, erect, concave, lobed at the base, and much waved, short, and regularly surrounding the head ; the veins and midrib are stained with purple, which stain is a test of its being true ; the head is exposed to the view in growing ; in general it is not very large, as it enlarges the projecting parts of the flower shew a greenish- white colour mixed with purple. When boiled the whole head becomes green. If the season is showery, and this variety is planted in good ground, it comes as large as Cauliflower. Cult. Sown about the middle of May or beginning of June, it will produce in regular succession from August till December, or until the frost destroys the heads. When sown in July or Au- gust, if the winter is mild, it will bring good heads in spring. When sown in the beginning of September and then preserved in frames as Cauliflowers, fine heads may be expected in the months of June or July. Thus by good management this kind may be in use the greater part of the year, but it is not hardy enough to be depended on in the winter months. The plants grow from one foot to a foot and a half, and should be placed about two feet apart in every direction. Maher's mode of treating the Purple Brocoli is as follows. Three crops are sown annually : the first between the 12th and 18th of April, a second between the 18th and 24th of May, the third between the 19th and 25th of August; these successive crops supply the family from September till the end of May. The seeds are sown very thinly on a border of very rich light earth. Not a weed is suffered to grow, and when the plants have from eight to ten leaves, which is in about a month, they are finally transplanted, two feet asunder every way, in a piece of sandy loam, which has been well prepared by digging, and en- riched by a large proportion of very rotten dung, frequently turned over to pick out every sort of grub or insect. The ground is kept clean by frequent hoeing, and the loose surface is drawn round the stems into a heap. The second crop is treated exactly as the first, but the weaker plants are left in the seed- bed eight or ten days longer to gain strength. They are then transplanted from the bed into eighteen sized pots filled with rich earth, then placing them close to each other in the shade, and duly watering the plants till they begin to grow freely. After this the pots are plunged in the open ground two feet distance each way, and about three inches under the .common level of the ground, by this means a basin is formed round each plant, to retain any water given to them when necessary until the autumnal rains commence, when the basins are filled up by drawing the earth round each plant, at the same time pressing it firmly down, to prevent the wind from shaking them. A few of these sometimes CRUCIFERIL LXXXIII. BRASSICA. 237 shew flowers too soon, and to guard them from early frost, a leaf or two is broken down over them. On the approach of settled frost in December or January, all the pots are taken up and re- moved to a frame-pit or shed, where they can be sheltered from the severity of the weather, but they should have plenty of air when it is mild. By this method a supply is preserved for the table in the hardest winters. Brocoli always succeeds best if planted finally from the seed-bed ; if planted oftener the head is less in size, and runs much sooner after it forms, and even general crops should never be pricked out. The seeds of the third crop are sown in a frame or under hand-glasses, and about the third week in October the plants become strong enough to remove as in the two former crops. 2 GREEN CAPE or AUTUMNAL BROCOLI. This sort differs but little from the preceding except in the colour and in the heads, as well as the plant proving in general larger. The leaves are long and narrow, much like those of Cauliflower ; they are little waved, and consequently have a smooth appearance. The veins and mid-rib are green. The head, which has some resem- blance to a Cauliflower, is of a greenish-white colour, and is usually somewhat covered by the leaves. These two sorts are very sportive, running much into each other, and have a strong tendency to degenerate, yet are quite distinct, and when so are very beautiful. The greatest care should be taken in sowing the seeds from plants that are very true. This remark applies generally to all sorts. 3 GRANGE'S EARLY CAULIFLOWER BROCOLI. If this sort is sown at three different times from the beginning of May until the end of June, it will bear heads in succession from Michael- mas to Christmas, if the weather is not severe. The leaves covering the head defend it from slight attacks of frost, they have long naked foot-stalks, are wider and shorter than those of the Green Cape, and lobed at the base, but not much waved ; the veins and mid-rib are whitish-green ; the head is large an'l quite white. The plants should be planted two feet asunder each way. This kind will amply repay the expence of cultivation. 4 GREEN CLOSE-HEADED WINTER BROCOLI. This is a good sort, apparently a seedling from the Green-Cape, which it closely succeeds in coming into use. The plants are dwarf, with spread- ing leaves, which are moderately indented, numerous, much waved, and large ; the veins and mid-rib are white ; the flowers grow exposed, nearly resembling that of the Green-Cape in ap- pearance, and does not attain a great size. The peculiarity of this sort is that it continues to bear during the whole of the winter, if the weather is mild. A single plantation made from seeds sown in May, Ronalds found to yield heads fit for use through the months of November, December, January, and February. Plant from one foot and a half to two feet distance. 5 EARLY PURPLE BROCOLI. This is a very excellent kind, of a deep purple colour, if the true sort ; it is close-headed at first, afterwards it branches, but it is apt to come green and too much branched, especially in rich ground. The plants are from 2 to 3 feet, high growing, strong ; the leaves are much indented, of a purplish-green colour ; they spread out wide, but not long, though the stalks are so ; the head is quite open from the leaves ; small leaves are sometimes intermixed with the head, the plants produce sprouts or flowers from the axils of the leaves. When this kind is sown in April it begins to produce heads in Novem- ber, and continues bearing heads and sprouts throughout the winter ; if sown in June, it produces abundance of sprouts in March and April. 6 EARLY WHITE BROCOLI. The heads of this sort are of a close texture, and of a pure white colour. It grows to about 3 feet in height, with erect, concave, light-green, and nearly entire leaves. To obtain fine early heads of this sort, the seed should be sown in February or beginning of March on a slight hot-bed. The plants when about 3 or 4 inches high, must be transplanted into beds of light rich earth 3 or 4 inches apart, and defended from the frosts and cold nights by a mat covering ; they will be strong enough to plant out finally at 2 or 3 feet distance by the end of April ; under this treatment they will produce beautiful heads in November, and continue to do so until Christmas, if the weather is tolerably mild. This sort, as well as several others, is sometimes cut in considerable quantities by the market-gar- deners previous to an expected frost, and kept in sheds or cellars for the supply of the market. 7 DWARF BROWN CLOSE-HEADED BROCOLI. This sort, from its colour, is supposed to have sprung from the sulphur-coloured Brocoli, from which, however, it diners in coming in earlier, as well as in the shape and colour of the heads ; the leaves are also broader and shorter ; they are small, not much waved, dark- green, with white veins ; they grow upright, and do not cover the head at all. Most of the heads are green on their first ap- pearance, but soon change to large handsome brown heads. If this kind be sown about the middle of April, it is in use through- out March and April. Two feet distance every way is sufficient for the plants when put in. 8 TALL LARGE-HEADED PURPLE BROCOLI. This sort grows from 2 to 3 feet in height, and produces large purple heads. If sown towards the end of March, it will prove a useful kind in March and April following. The plants require to be 3 feet asunder, in good ground. 9 CREAM-COLOURED or PORTSMOUTH BROCOLI. This kind ex- ceeds all the others in size ; the heads are of a buff or cream- colour, very compact and firm ; the leaves are large and broad, with white veins ; they spread out widely, but the small centre leaves cover the flower. A head of this kind was sent by Mr. Oldacre to the Horticultural Society from Spring Grove, Brent- ford, that measured 2 feet in circumference, although it was quite close. If seeds of this sort are sown in April, they will produce heads in the following February, March, and April. It bears near the ground. The plants should be 3 feet asunder. Ti;is kind merits general cultivation. 10 SULPHUR-COLOURED BROCOLI. This is a hardy and valu- able sort ; if sown in April it produces in the following April and beginning of May, fine, compact, conical, sulphur-coloured heads, some of them slightly dotted with purple. The leaves have long footstalks, are much indented, of a bluish-grey-colour. Two feet asunder is sufficient for the plants. 11 SPRING WHITE or CAULIFLOWER BROCOLI. This sort grows very robust, with large flat narrow leaves, which have thick veins ; the leaves encompass and compress the head, so as to render it generally invisible even when fit to cut, which is a great preservative from the frosty mornings common in the spring months. If the seeds of this kind are sown in March, and finally planted out at 3 feet asunder, these, if in good ground, will produce very fine heads perfectly white throughout the months of April and May of the following year. 12 LATE DWARF CLOSE-HEADED PURPLE BROCOLI. This is the latest purple Brocoli, being in perfection throughout April and the greater part of May. The plants seldom rise above a foot in height ; the flower at first shews small and green, but soon enlarges, and changes to a close conical purple head ; the leaves are short and small dark-green, with white veins, much sinuated, deeply indented, and forming a regular radius round the head, giving the whole plant a singular and beautiful ap- pearance. The seeds of this kind should be sown in April. Plant finally from one and a half to two feet asunder. 13 LATEST GREEN, or SIBERIAN, or DANISH BROCOLI. This is the latest and hardiest of all the Brocolis, for the severest win- ters will not destroy it. The leaves are much waved and in- dented, long, and narrow, with a tinge of purple colour on the 238 CRUCIFEILE. LXXXIII. BRASSICA. stems. If this sort is sown towards the end of April, it will pro- duce large compact green heads during the whole of May in the succeeding year. Two feet distance is sufficient for the plants. 14 SPROUTING BROCOLI. This is a hardy spring sort. If sown in April it will produce in the following spring. Two feet asunder is sufficient for this kind. 15 BELVIDEKE BROCOLI. The heads of this kind are very handsome and excellent. The plant is not very hardy. Sow in April, and plant finally two feet asunder. General observations on the culture of Brocoli. All the sorts are raised from seed, and half an ounce is sufficient to sow a bed of 40 feet square. Ronalds directs the seed-beds to be prepared of rich mould well dug, and if dry watered the evening before sowing. The seeds should be thinly sown, and the beds should be covered with mats or litter till the plants appear ; the cover- ing may then be removed, and then watered occasionally as the state of the weather requires : the best method is to transplant when the plants are about 2 or 3 inches high into other beds about 4 inches apart. Being several times refreshed with water, if the weather is dry, they will in a fortnight or three weeks be sufficiently strong for a second planting. This mode offers some advantage in giving time to clear off many crops, such as peas, &c. thereby obtaining ground which could not otherwise be con- veniently had at the first season of planting out. The four first sorts on the list, which Mr. Ronalds considers as congeners, should be only once transplanted, as the check their removal occasions is apt to produce the head prematurely, which in that case will be small, and indifferent in quality. If the season is showery, it will be requisite to cover the beds as soon as sown with netting, to keep off the birds, also to sprinkle the plants with lime-water when they appear, or to strew on them fresh slaked lime to destroy the slugs. In this case, when the plants are six or eight inches high, they may be planted finally at the distances recommended for each sort. Brocoli in general suc- ceeds best in fresh loamy soil, where it is supposed they come more true to their kind and hardier, but if this situation cannot be had, deep digging with plenty of manure, or where the ground is exhausted with reiterated cropping, a good quantity of fresh loam obtained from a common, dug in, would materially improve the Brocoli, and be a lasting use to future crops, are the only re- maining alternatives to procure good crops. Deep digging also buries the insect which causes all the Brassica tribe to club at the roots. Soap ashes dug into the ground is supposed to be a good preservative from the club, and if the roots of the plants, ju9l previously to planting, are dipped and stirred well about in mud of soap ashes with water, its adherence will in a great mea- sure preserve them from attack ; perhaps a mixture of stronger ingredients, such as soot, sulphur-vivum, tobacco, &c. would be still better (Hort. trans, vol. 3.). Mr. Wood, a writer in (he Cal. Hort. Mem., has paid consi- derable attention to the cultivation of Brocoli for forty years. He finds that manuring with a compound of sea-weed and horse- dung produced the finest and largest heads he had seen during a practice of fifty-four years. Preserving Brocoli during Winter. Ronalds says, that though Brocolis come larger and finer on the spot where they are planted, yet it is prudent to take up a part of the later sorts in November, disturbing the roots as little as possible, and lay them in slopingly, with their heads towards the north, only a few inches above the ground, and about eighteen inches asun- der. By this means the crown of the plant, lying low, is soon covered and protected by the snow which generally falls pre- vious to long and severe frosts. The plant is also rendered tougher in fibre, and hardier, by the check received in this last removal. Mr. A. Knight having practised laying in his Brocoli plants in November, in the usual way, found but small heads 1 produced from them in the succeeding spring, till he tried trenching or laying them in September, and " so low as that the centre of the stem at the top of each plant was level with the surface of the ground." The plants are watered, roots are properly emitted, and the earth drawn round each plant, before snow is apprehended. The consequence of this treatment is, that the plants are fresh and vigorous in spring, and produce large heads. (Hort. Trans. I. p. 305.) Nicol takes up the most forward crops of Brocoli in the end of October, and lays them on their sides, so as the heads may not touch each other. In a dry soil, and open situation, the plants will thus resist the severest winter. Gathering Brocoli. In gathering Brocoli, five or six inches of the stem are retained along with the heads ; and in dressing, the stalks are peeled before boiling. Some of the kinds pro- duce sprouts from the sides of the stems, with small heads ; these should be gathered when ready, and are very good when boiled. To save seed. The largest, finest, and best formed heads are selected for this purpose, taking particular care that no foliage appears on the surface of the heads. These are marked, and in April are laid in by the heels, in a compound of cleaning of ditches, tree-leaves, and dung. When the head begins to open, or expand, the centre is cut out, leaving only four or five of the outside shoots to come to seed. Lifting prevents them from producing proud-seed, as it is called, or degenerating. The above method produces seed the most genuine of all the me- thods that have been tried. The Sulphur Brocoli is the most difficult to procure seed from. (Nicol. in Cal. Hort. Mem. 2. p. 267). Abercrombie says that Brocoli seeds degenerate in this country, and that the best seed is obtained from Italy. Insects which the Brassica tribe are liable to be attacked by. The whole of this tribe are liable to the attacks of the larvae of the Tipula oleracea, Lin. on their roots, and of the cater- pillars of butterflies and moths on their leaves, as well as aphi- des, or cabbage-lice, snails, and slugs. There is no remedy for the first, excepting that of taking up, cleaning, and transplant- ing in fresh soil, in a different part of the garden ; and it is in general easier to plant afresh from the- seed-bed. With respect to caterpillars, snails, and slugs, they can only be gathered by hand, and the way to do this effectually is to begin, as soon as they appear, to look them over daily, early in the morning. Poultry, and especially ducks and sea-gulls, are sometimes of use in keeping these and other insects under ; a hen and chick- ens will devour caterpillars greedily, but are apt to scratch the soil afterwards if not timely removed ; Turkey-fowls are better. Nature has furnished a remarkable quantity of eggs in the bodies of caterpillars or pupae, which are there hatched ; the larva? have no feet ; they are soft and cylindrical, and feed on the substance of the caterpillar, which never turns to a perfect insect ; while the larvae of the ichneumon spin themselves a silky web, and change into a pupa incompleta, and in a few days the fly ap- pears. (Entymologisl's Companion, p. 68.) Field Culture of the Varieties of Brassica oleracea. The Cabbage tribe, for the common purposes of farming, will afford little profit ; but near large towns or sea-ports they will an- swer the purpose of the farm-gardener. The varieties commonly cultivated in fields are the large field -cabbages, called Scotch, or Strasburgh, and the drum-head, &c. For the purposes of do- mestic economy all the varieties may be cultivated, — Cabbagea, Borecoles, Savoys, Brussels-sprouts, Brocolis, and Kohl-rube ; for the time and manner of cultivating see Garden Culture. Any soil that is rich will suit all varieties. The best mode of preparing for field-culture is that for Potatoes or Turnips, the CRUCIFEILE. LXXXIII. BRASSICA. 239 plants being dibbled in along the centre of a ridgelet. For early crops no ridgelets are required, as the plants are inserted in rows by a line at much narrower distances. The season for planting a full crop of field-cabbages is in March ; but cab- bages may be planted as late as June, and produce a tolerable crop in November ; and in this way they may be made to succeed an unsuccessful crop of turnips. The plants used in March should be the produce of seed sown in the preceding August ; but those planted in May or June may be the produce of Febru- ary or March sowings. The after-culture consists in horse and hand-hoeing, and weeding ; and the crop is taken by chopping off the heads with the spade, leaving an inch or two of stalk to each. They may be preserved by housing, but only for a short time. The pro- duce is said to be from 35 to 40 tons per acre. Sir Humphrey Davey found 1000 parts of cabbage gave 73 of nutritive matter, of which 41 are mucilage, 24 saccharine, and 8 gluten. The application of field-cabbage is generally for feeding milch cows, and sometimes to the fattening of oxen, and for sheep in the lamb-season. The diseases of the varieties of Brdssica oleracea are the same as those of the Turnip, with the exception of the forked excrescences, and they neither admit of prevention or cure by art ; but like the turnip, under favorable circumstances they do not occur. Calendar of the work necessary to be done to the varieties of Brdssica oleracea. 1 January. Lay out ground for planting Cabbages, if the weather is mild, digging in some rotten dung a spade deep, pro- perly mixed with the earth in the bottom of the trench. About the end of the month plant about three feet asunder, if large growing sorts. The Sugar-loaf and Early York Cabbage, are the best for this planting. Fill up the places of the plants that have died in the former plantations. On the same ground where Cabbages are planted, a thin crop of round-leaved Spinach may be sown, broad-cast, which will be fit to gather in April, or the beginning of May. Transplant Cabbages and Savoys for seed in the beginning of the month, if it has been neglected in No- vember or December. Examine the frames in which young Cauliflower plants have stood the winter, and let the withered or damaged leaves be picked off, and stir the surface of the ground a little, if it can conveniently be done. In mild weather let the plants have plenty of free air, by tilting the glasses, or taking them entirely off, keeping them close down during night, and in frosty weather. If the weather is very severe, cover the glasses every night, and in the day-time if necessary, with mats, straw, or ferns ; also lay some litter round the edges of the frames or hand-glasses, which will prevent the frost from penetrating at the sides. Look carefully over the Cauliflower plants, and pick the slugs, &c. off with the hand. In severe weather mice and rats will be apt to destroy many of the plants ; recourse must then be had to traps. Cape Brocoli managed exactly according to the directions given for Cauliflower plants. The crops of Brocoli may now be still further protected from the frosts by laying some bean- haulm and other litter on the ground amongst their stems, and then stick the ground full of pea-stakes and other branches, in imitation of natural coppice. The shade afforded by this pro- cess will greatly counteract the effects of sunshine succeeding severe frosts, which at this time, and in February, are so hurtful to all culinary vegetables. 2 February. Early Sugar-loaf Cabbage, and other Cabbages, should be transplanted finally, the strongest in the beginning, and the weakest in the latter end of the month. Sow Cabbage seeds about the middle or latter end of the month, for July, August, and September use. If the winter has destroyed many of the plants of the August sowing, some of the earlier sorts may be sown on a gentle hot-bed. Sow some Red Cabbages for next winter's supply. Cabbages and Savoys for seed may be planted if not done before. Savoy seed may now be sown for the first crop, about the middle or latter end of the month, for September, October, November, and December use. Stir the mould, and earth-up the Cabbages that were planted in Octo- ber ; this will invigorate the plants, and promote their growth. Cauliflower plants in frames, and under hand-glasses, should have plenty of air every mild day, by entirely removing the glasses. About the end of the month some of the strongest plants should be finally transplanted, in a rich sheltered spot of ground, about a yard distant each way : these should be shel- tered occasionally if required. Thin the Cauliflower plants un- der hand-glasses, if there be more than four under each glass : observe to draw the weakest, raise some earth round the stems of those that remain at the same time. The plants that have been drawn out should be planted in a sheltered situation, allow- ing them sufficient room to come to perfection. Sow Cauliflower seeds about the end of this month, to raise plants to succeed the early crop ; if sown on a slight hot-bed they will be a fortnight earlier, giving plenty of air in mild weather. 3 March. Plant finally the Cauliflower plants which have been in frames or warm borders during winter, if not done in the former month, in a good spot of ground, well manured, and dug in rows about thirty inches apart, allowing the same space between the rows. Raise earth round the stems of the Cauli- flowers under hand-glasses, the glasses to be removed in fine weather. Prick out those plants raised from seed sown the pre- ceding month, into a bed of good earth, in a warm situation : a hot-bed is preferable, as it will forward them greatly. Sow Cauliflower seeds early in this month, if it was not done in Fe- bruary, in a moderate hot-bed, or in a bed of good earth, in a warm situation, for August use. Sow Brocoli about the middle or towards the end of the month, in a warm open situation. If sown earlier Brocolis are apt to start, or button. Transplant finally all sorts of Cabbages. Sow seeds of Cabbages in the beginning or middle of this month ; the early kinds for succes- sional and young summer Cabbages, the late kinds for autumn and winter Cabbages. Red Cabbage should now be sown for winter use. These will be well cabbaged about Michaelmas. Sow Savoy seed for a principal crop, to serve from about Mi- chaelmas to Christmas. Sow Brussels sprouts any time this month. 4 April. Draw earth round the stems of those Cauliflower plants under hand-glasses ; let them be fully exposed in mild weather, and when there are warm showers. Finish the planting out of Cauliflower plants in frames, warm borders, &c. if not done last month. Prick out those plants raised from seed sown last month. Cauliflower plants which were raised from seed early this spring should be finally planted about the end of the month in a piece of good open ground, well dunged, and dug about two feet asunder, water them as soon as they are planted. Sow Cauliflower seed for a successional crop on a sheltered bor- der, and guard the seed well against birds at this season. The Cauliflower plants which were kept in pots during winter may now be finally planted out if the weather is fine. Make holes suffi- ciently large to admit a spade full of rotten dung, and upon this set the plants, one in each hole. They should be carefully turned out of the pots with balls ; settle the mould about them by gentle watering, these will require to be sheltered during inclement weather until the month of May. The Cape Brocoli sown in autumn, and wintered with the Cauliflowers, may now be finally planted, and treated in the same manner as Cauliflowers; they should be protected by a few branches until the weather is set- 240 CRUCIFERyE. LXXXIII. BRASSICA. tied. Sow a moderate quantity of Early Purple Brocoli, Ports- mouth, Sulphur-coloured, Cauliflower- Brocoli, Late Dwarf Pur- ple Brocoli, and Siberian or Danish, in a rich sheltered border, covering them with mats if the weather is frosty, give plenty of water if the weather is mild and dry, and when the plants are two or three inches high prick them out two or three inches apart. Sow and plant all sorts of Cabbages, and earth up and clear from the crops already planted. Prefer for this sowing the Battersea, Pentonville, Imperial, and Antwerp. Sow full crops of Savoys both at the beginning and end of this month, as well as Brussels Sprouts. Sow sorts of Borecole and Chou Raves in borders of middling ground. The IVoburn Kale is propagated by cuttings, these may be planted finally at once. 5 May. Sow Cauliflower about the end of this month for the last crop of the season for the winter supply, give plenty of water if the weather is dry, and occasional shading. Plant Cau- liflower finally in a north or shaded border, the coldest and dampest situation in the garden is the best for this planting. Hoe and earth up the former planted crops. Pay proper atten- tion to those under hand-glasses as regards air and water. If any are coming to flower on any of the crops, break a leaf or two down upon them. Sow a full crop of Brocolis, and water if the weather is dry. Prefer the kinds recommended last month, to which may be added, Grange's Early Cauliflower Brocoli, Pur- ple Cape, and Green Cape. Plant finally those Brocoli plants which are fit, at two feet asunder, dung the ground well, and water freely if the weather is dry. Avoid ground that has been under the same crop the preceding year. Cape Brocoli is said to succeed best planted finally from the seed-bed, or the seeds are sown where the plants are intended to remain, for this pur- pose sow two or three seeds at two feet distance, and when the plants are grown up two or three inches remove all but the strongest; and the same mode is recommended to all spring sown Brocolis, Cauliflowers, Lettuces, and many other vegetables. Transplant spring sown Cabbages of all sorts for autumn and winter use, in an open situation ; some may be planted between rows of Early Cauliflowers and wide rows of French Beans. Plant in moist weather if possible, give each a little water imme- diately after planted. Earth up the early and general crops of Cabbages. As the early crops will now be advancing to matu- rity, they may be forwarded into cabbaging by tying the leaves together with strings or matting, the best time for doing this is when the leaves begin to turn inwards. Sow Sugar-loaf Cab- bage seed and any other quick hearting kinds, for summer and autumn, and young autumn Cabbages. Sow Brocoli of sorts for next autumn, winter, and spring use, if not done in March or April, which is the best time ; and as soon as they have attained a moderate size prick out into beds four inches apart, that they may attain a proper size for final planting. Sow Brussels Sprouts and Savoys, and prick out the plants of the former sowing. C June. Prick out the Cauliflowers sown in May for an autumnal crop in a bed of rich earth in an open situation, water, and shelter them occasionally in the middle of the day if hot. Look over the plantation of early Cauliflowers, and if the heads are appearing, break down some of the large leaves over them, which will blanch them, and render them more delicate. Those Cauliflowers coming into flower or advancing in growth, should have plenty of water in dry weather. This is a proper time to select Cauliflower plants, from which the seed is to be obtained, and allow these to stand. Sow Cabbages for a successional crop, hoe and earth up the advancing crops, as they may occasionally require. To prevent aphides and worms from destroying Cab- bages, give plenty of water at the roots if the weather is dry. Sow some Coleworts about the middle or end of the month. Plant full crops of Brocoli in well dunged and dry open situa- tions, water if the weather is dry. Sow Brocoli for early spring use. Prick out those Brocolis sown in April or May, and if the weather is dry give occasional watering. Plant out finally sorts of Brocoli as the ground becomes vacant, or between the rows of crops, which will be soon cleared off the ground. Plant a considerable quantity, as they will be of great use in winter. Plant crops of Brussels Sprouts and Savoys ; the directions given for Brocoli are applicable to these ; if ground be scarce, plant them between rows of crops that will be soon cleared off the ground. 7 July. Plant out the Cauliflowers, which were sown in May and pricked out in June, in an exposed situation in a rich soil, about 18 or 20 inches apart each way, regularly watering them if the weather is dry ; these will be ready for storing in October. Plant full crops of Cabbages for autumn and winter use ; let the ground be well dug, and moderately dunged, water if the weather is dry ; let the plants be about 2 feet asunder. Plant finally different sorts of Borecole. Let every piece of vacant ground which is not intended for any other crop be plant- ed with Borecoles, Brussels-sprouts, Savoys, and Brocolis. Situa- tions which are least exposed to the action of the sun are best, or high dry situations, avoiding situations under the shade of trees. Hoe and earth up the crops planted last month. Sow Brocoli seed for a late spring crop, and last sowing of the sea- son ; not later than the fifteenth of the month, in a bed of rich mellow earth, and if the weather is dry a moderate watering should be given. Plant finally a full crop of Brocoli in a rich well-dug and manured piece of ground at about 2 feet asunder, give water for two or three days regularly after planting. Slugs are now very common, therefore they should be carefully picked off every morning from all the Brassica tribe. Sow full crops of Coleniorts for autumn and winter use, and also for plants to stand until the spring, when the Savoys and other greens have been consumed. Sow Yorkshire or Sugar-loaf Cabbage seed, Battersea and Antwerp kinds for Coleworts. If Coleworts are wanted for winter, sow in the last week in June ; this will pro- duce plants fit for use in November and December. 8 August. Sow Cauliflower seed for early crops next year, either in the middle of the second week or the middle of the third week, in a border of light earth, and give water if the weather require it. Sow sorts of Cabbages for next year's use, about the fifth, but not later than the twelfth of August ; prefer for this sowing the Early Dwarf York, East Ham, Early Em- peror, and Sugar-loaf for first crops ; the Large York, Large Sugar-loaf, Baltersea, Penton, Imperial, Antwerp, Russian, £c. for secondary spring crops. If a succession of Coleworts are required still plant as directed. Plant out Savoys for autumn and winter use in ground well dug up and manured, or on ground where early potatoes or such crops as have not much exhausted the ground have been. Savoys and all sorts of greens may with propriety be sown between rows of beans, peas, and such crops. At the beginning of the month prepare a piece of ground for Brocoli in an open spot ; let it be well dug and dunged. Plant in rows three feet apart each way ; give water immediately on planting. Those Brocolis transplanted last month should now have the earth drawn up round their stalks, at the same time giving them a liberal watering. 9 September. Prick out those Cauliflowers sown last month into a nursing-bed ; for this purpose prepare a bed of light rich mould about the size of a frame, in order that a frame may be set over them as the weather becomes inclement, plant about three inches apart in rows each way, gently watering them, shading them from the sun, and sheltering them from heavy rains, for this purpose the lights should be put on. The plants having remained five or six weeks in this bed they will be ready to transplant. Hoe and earth up the Michaelmas crop, or those CRUCIFERyE. LXXXIII. BRASSICA. 241 sown in July, they will begin to shew their heads about the latter end of the month. If the weather is dry, make a hollow or basin round the roots of these plants, into which pour a quantity of water ; by this means their growth will be accelerated, and the heads will become much larger. Plant those Cabbage-Cole- worts which were sown about the end of July, about the middle or end of this month, in a sheltered part of the garden : plant in rows about seven or eight inches apart, the rows about a foot distant. Some of these will be fit for use about Christmas. Prick out those Cabbage plants which were sown about the middle or latter .end of August in nursery-beds in a piece of good ground in a sheltered situation, well dug and divided into beds ; plant four or five inches apart, give a moderate watering if the weather is dry three or four times for the first ten days. About the first or second week of this month the last crop of Bro- coli should be finally transplanted into a warm situation, and they should be planted in rows about a foot and a half apart, and about the same distance from each other in the row. Hoe the ground and draw the earth round the stems of the former crops ofBrocoli. 10 October. The Cauliflowers sown in August? and beginning of September will now be fit to prick out in beds, where they are to remain during winter ; prepare a piece of ground of the same size and form as recommended last month, in a sheltered but not in a shaded situation ; plant about four inches apart each way, water and settle the mould about their roots, place a frame over them if such can be spared, exposing them as much as possible in good weather, covering them when frost or heavy cold rain is apprehended. Guard against the attacks of mice and slugs. If a frame cannot be had, prick them out in the same way under a wall or paling, sloping the ground in digging towards the sun, or they may be protected in beds on a warm spot, covered occasionally with mats, supported by hoops ; in either case let them enjoy a free circulation of air, and to be kept as dry as possible. Store Cauliflowers as directed. Plant out finally towards the end of the month early Cabbage plants, for cabbaging early in the following summer, in a good spot of ground well manured and trenched, make ridges and plant be- tween them, and in wet ground even on the top of the ridges. If both survive the winter, make the one row make good the other, preferring to leave the row at the bottom of the ridge, these last are most likely to be preserved, as they will be shel- tered from the cutting winds. The Brassica tribe seldom suc- ceed if planted twice in the same ground. Plant in rows about two feet apart each way. Some of the early Cabbage plants should be allowed to remain in the nursery-beds till January or February, for in many instances the plants that are planted out early are destroyed by the frost, should this take place, then have recourse to the nursery-beds to supply their places. If any Cabbage plants remain in the seed-beds, remove them into the nursery-beds in the beginning of the month, to gain strength to endure the ensuing frosts. Clear the crops of Brocoli from weeds, and mould them up for winter ; prefer a dry day for this operation. The crops of Brussels-sprouts should be treated in the same manner. • It November. Admit free air every fine day to the Cauli- flowers, in fine dry weather during the day-time by wholly re- moving the glasses, tilting them only in wet weather ; clear off the dead leaves and keep them free from weeds ; those plants under bell or hand-glasses require the same treatment, draw a little earth round their stalks. Where Cauliflower plants were neglected to be pricked out last month, let it be done as early in this month as possible. Planting Cabbages for next spring use should be finished as early in this month as possible, that they may become sufficiently rooted before severe weather sets in ; the weakest plants may remain in the seed-bed during winter, to make up vacancies in the plantations in spring. VOL. i. — PART. HI. 12 December. Treat Cauliflowers as directed last month ; keeping free from frost, damp, and slugs, admitting free air in good weather. 2 B. CAMPE'STRIS (Lin. spec. 931.) leaves rather fleshy, covered with glaucous bloom ; first ones rather hispid or ciliated, lyrate, toothed ; the rest cordate, stem-clasping, acumi- nated, partly pinnatifid. $ . H. Native of Britain, Lapland, Spain, Transylvania, and in the Crimea in fields. * A. oleifera (D. C. syst. 2. p. 588.) root fusiform, slen- der; stem elongated. O- H. Smith, eng. bot. 2224. Dalech. lugd. 523. Native of Britain, Lapland, &c. in fields, and about the banks of rivers and ditches. Wild navew. Pet. hort. brit. t. 45. f. 9. Stem 2 feet high. Flowers yellow, corymbose. Col- sat, Colsa, or Colza, Pomet. hist. drog. p. 17. f. 2. Chou de Champs Navette (Fr.) Coleseed, Wild Navew or Navette (Eng.) This plant is very extensively cultivated in Belgium, Switzerland, and Germany for food for sheep, and for the seed to be pressed for its oil. It is sometimes sown broad-cast, but it is alleged, that trans- planting has many advantages ; one is, that the seed-bed occupies but little room, whilst the land which is to carry the general crop is bearing corn. In the latter end of September, or second week of November, the plants are put in with the dibble or the plough without apprehending any miscarriage. The seed-bed is usually sown in July or August. In October, or sooner, the stubble is ploughed over, manured, and ploughed again. The plants are dibbled into the seams of the ploughing (each furrow being 12 inches broad) and are set out 12 inches distance in the rows. In- stead of dibbling upon a second ploughing, in many cases they lay the plants at the proper distances across the furrow, and as the plough goes forward the roots are covered, and a woman fol- lows to set them a little up, and give them a firmness in the ground where necessary. After the frost in spring, the inter- vals are weeded and hand-hoed, and the earth drawn up to the plants, which is the last operation till the harvest. It is pulled rather green but ripens in the stack ; it is threshed in the common way, and the haulm is burned to ashes for manure, which is found to be mote valuable than any other kind of manure, and it is considered that upon clover, a dressing of one-third less of it is amply sufficient. The seed is sold for crushing, or, as is fre- quently the case, crushed by the farmer himself. . There is a variety of this called Colsa de Mars, which may be sown in spring and harvested in the same year, but is less pro- ductive. The two varieties have a very different aspect. Some authors speak of the White-flowered Colsa; but this name ap- pears to have arisen from some confusion in nomenclature. ** B. pabularia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 589.) root fusiform, slen- der; stem short. Q. H. Native of Europe; cultivated in fields for sheep fodder, but very rarely ; it bears frequent cut- ting. Chou afaucher, Commerel in mem. soc. agr. par. 1789. * * * C. Napo-Brassica (D.C. syst. 2. p. 589.) root tumid, tur- nip-formed. $ . H. Frequently cultivated in fields. Bras- sica oleracea Napo-Brassica, Lin. spec. 932. Cavolo navone o Rutabaga, Galliz. bot. agr. 3. p. 192. Var. a, communis (D. C. 1. c.) root white or purplish ; neck and petioles greenish or purplish. $ . H. Cultivated in fields. Chou-navet commun ; Chou-navet blanc ; Ckou-navet rouge. The Turnip-rooted Cabbage is little known in the English gar- dens, though not uncommon in French horti culture. Mr. Neill observes it has a root under ground as sweet as a Swedish Tur- nip. The root is either white or red. Far. ft, Rutabaga (D. C. syst. 1. c.) root yellowish, rather globose. $ . H. Cultivated in fields. Rutabaga, Nacctjaune, Chou de Laponie, Chou de Suede, Navet de Suede (Fr.) Swe- dish Turnip (Eng.) Navone di Laponia (Ital.) I i 242 CRUCIFER^E. LXXXIII. BRASSICA. Swedish Turnip. This root is extensively cultivated in fields for cattle, on account of its large size and hardy nature ; it is also occasionally raised in gardens for the table to use in young growth. The cultivation of this root is the same as that for common turnip both in agriculture and horticulture, which see. Wild or Field Navew and Swedish Turnip. Britain. Fl.June, July. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 3 B. RAPA (Lin. spec. 931.) radical leaves lyrate, destitute of glaucous bloom, green, covered with bristly hairs, middle cauline ones cut, upper ones quite entire, smooth. $ . H. Native throughout Europe in cultivated fields and their borders. Smith, eng. bot. 2176. Mart. fl. rust. t. 49 and 50. B. asperi- folia var. 7, Lam. diet. 1. p. 746. Sinapis tuberosa, Poir. diet. 4. p. 346. Br. tuberosa, Sal. prod. 272. Sinapis rapa, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 586. Long. Turnep. Pet. herb. brit. t. 45. f. 8. Rave Navet (Fr.) Sleckriibe (Germ.) Navone (Ital.) Turnip (Engl.) A. depressa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 590.) root tumid under the neck, globose depressed, ending abruptly in a slender tail, f . H. Cultivated. Navet ronde or Rave plate. Rabioule Rave, Grosse Rave (Fr.) Round Turnip (Eng.) — Mor. oxon. sect. 3. t. 2. f. 1.— Blackw. herb. t. 231. * dlba (D. C. 1. c.) root white on the outside, or purplish at the neck. — White Turnip. " * Jtavescens (D. C. 1. c.) root yellowish both inside and out- side.— Yellow Turnip. * nigricans (D. C. 1. c.) root blackish on the outside. — Black Turnip. This is a very doubtful plant. * * * * punicea (D. C. 1. c.) root with a scarlet or red skin. — Red Turnip. ***** viridis (D. C. 1. c.) root green. — Green Turnip. ****** prcBcox (D. C. 1. c.) Early Dutch Turnip. B. oblonga (D. C. 1. c.) root oblong, gradually tapering to a point. — Math. comm. 330. f. 1. — Lob. icon. t. 197. f. 2. &c. — Oblong, Tankard, or Decanter Turnip. C. oleifera (D. C. 1. c.) root slender. — B. napella, Vill. — Math. comm. 330. f. 2.— Lob. icon. 298. f. 1.— Oil-bearing Turnip. Cultivated in Dauphiny, where it is called Navette, for the sake of its seed, from which an oil is obtained. It is less pro- ductive than the common Rape and Colza, but it is nevertheless useful as it grows in soil unfavourable to every other oleagi- nous plant. The seeds are sown after harvest, and ripen in the June following. See B. ndpus oleifera for the culture of the plant. Turnip. Fl. April, July. Britain. PI. 2 to 4 feet. The Turnip is a biennial plant, growing in a wild state in some parts of England, but better known as an inhabitant of the gardens or the farm ; the root leaves are large, of a deep green colour, very rough jagged, and gashed ; in the second season it sends up a flower-stalk furnished with stem-clasping leaves, which are smooth. Use. The use of the root, boiled and mashed as a dish, in broths, soups, and stews, or entire, is known all over Europe. The top shoots, from such as have stood the winter, are gathered whilst tender and dressed as spring-greens or spinach, under the name of Turnip-tops. The following varieties are in general cultivation. $. 1 Round White Turnips. Brdssica rapa. A. depressa « dlba, D. C. I. c. 1 Early white Dutch. 2 Early stone. 3 Common round white. 4 Large round white. 5 Green topped, large round white, skin of the crown green. C Red topped, large white. 7 Small round French, petit Berlin (Fr.) Teltaw (Ger.) 8 Large Scotch. 9 White globe. § 2. Round Yellow Turnips. Brdtsica rapa * * flavescens, D. C. I. c. 1 Yellow Dutch. 2 Aberdeen yellow. 3 Maltese golden, an excellent and beautiful root. 4 Large yellow field. 5 Scarisbrook or Preston yellow. 6 Mouse-tail or six-week yellow. $ 3. Black Turnip. Brdssica rapa. A. depressa * * * ni- gricans, D. C. I. c. 1 Black Russian. This turnip appears to be lost. 4. Red Turnip. Brdssica rapa depressa punicea, D. C. I. c. 1 Large round red. 2 Red six-week or stone. § 5. Green Turnip. Brdssica rapa depressa * * * * viridis, D. C. I. c. 1 Green turnip. § 6. Oblong Tu/nip. Brdssica rapa, B. oblonga, D. C. I. c. 1 Tankard or Decanter Turnip, large oblong, white, red, and green. § 7. Oil-bearing Turnip. Brdssica rapa, C. oleifera, D. C. I. c. 1 Navette of Dauphiny. Estimate of sorts. " The first three sorts are the fittest for early, first succession and main summer crops for the table. The early white Dutch is proper, both for the most early and first succession crops, as is also the early stone. The common round white is highly eligible for the main crop ; and the large round white stands nearly on a par with that, and, if not sown to come in with it, should at least succeed it, as a late summer and autumn crop. In large grounds portions of the large white- green-topped, and the large white-red-topped, may be sown for autumn and winter, but the surest plant for winter consump- tion is the yellow Dutch ; although constituted to stand the intense frost unhurt, it has a fine flavour, and is very nutritive. Small portions of any of the other sorts may be cultivated in secondary crops for variety, or to answer a particular demand." Time of sowing. " This root can be obtained most part of the year by sowing every month in spring and summer. Make the first sowing in the last week of February or first week in March, on a slight hot-bed ; by this means the plants will be more likely to bulb, than shew a disposition to run to seed, and will be an acceptable addition to spring vegetables. For the first early full crop sow about the middle or latter end of March in an open situation, and where the ground is light. For the second crop to succeed those sown last month, sow about the middle or end of April, either in drills an inch deep or broad- cast thinly. They may be sown between crops of Asparagus or Sea-kale, provided the soil be light ; the early Dutch and stone are best for this and the preceding sowings. For the third crop sow in May, and by the latter end of July they will be suffi- ciently large for use. Sow in a light soil in warm situations. The fourth and principal crop should be sown in June, about the middle or end of the month, for autumn and winter use, and con- siderable benefit will be derived in sowing in showery or rainy weather, or to retard the sowing if a prospect of such weather coming on, in all the sowings. Particular care should be taken in sowing the seed equally, and immediately afterwards tread it down and rake it evenly. The fifth crop should be sown in July in an open situation. This time may be considered a very favour- CRUCIFER&. LXXXIII. BRASSICA. 243 able time for sowing Turnips for autumn use ; the first of these will be fit for the kitchen in September, and will improve in growth from Michaelmas to Christmas, and should a moderate winter follow, they will continue in perfection until the following spring. Care must be taken to sow immediately after the ground is prepared. The sixth and last crops of the season should be sown at the beginning and towards the latter end of August, taking advantage of moist weather. The kinds best for this sowing are all the yellow Turnips, viz. Dutch, Aberdeen, and Maltese ; however in families, where the colour of these may be objected to, the common round white may be substi- tuted ; but is not so hardy, nor so good a root for keeping." Seed estimate. For a seed-bed four feet and a half by twenty- four feet, sown broad-cast, the plants to remain and be trimmed to seven inches distance from each other, half an ounce. Process of sowing. Let the ground be well broken by well digging, and neatly levelled to receive the seed. Procure bright well dried seed ; the seed may be then put into the ground either alone or mixed with sand. Precautions against the fly. " It appears from a trial of Mr. Knight, at the suggestion of Sir Humphrey Davy, that lime slaked with urine, and mixed with a treble quantity of soot, if sprinkled in with the seed at the time of sowing, will protect the seeds and germs from the ravages of the fly, but this antidote cannot be applied unless the sowing be in drills. A simpler re- medy, which has been found by Mr. Mean to be perfectly suc- cessful, is to steep the seed in sulphur-water, putting an ounce of sulphur to a pint of water, which will be sufficient for soaking three pounds of seed." Abercrombie. Arch. Gorrie, a gardener of merit, tried several methods without effect. At last he tried dusting the rows when the plants were in the seed-leaf, with quick-lime. He says, " a bushel of quick-lime is sufficient to dust over an acre of drilled Turnips ; and a boy may soon be taught to lay it on almost as fast as he could walk along the drills. If the seed-leaves are powdered in the least degree, it is sufficient ; but should rain wash the lime off before the Tur- nips are in the secondary leaves, it may be necessary to repeat the operation if the fly begin to make its appearance." Cal. hort. mem. vol. 1. Mixing equal parts of old seed with new, and then dividing the mixture, and steeping one half of it twenty-four hours in water, has often been tried with effect and especially by farmers. By this means, four different times of vegetation are procured, and consequently four different chances of escaping the fly. Radish-seed, is also frequently mixed with that of the Turnip, and the fly preferring the former, the latter is allowed to escape. Loud. ency. gard. One of the easiest methods, Mr. Neill observes, " is to sow thick, and thus ensure a sufficiency both for the fly and the crop." " But the most effectual preventive on a large scale is found in sowing late, where that can be done ; the fly in its beetle state having fed on other herbage disappears before the Turnip comes into leaf." Loud. I. c. " In the heat of summer it is of great importance to wait for rain, if the ground be too exten- sive to be properly watered ; for the fermentation, caused by copious rain, and heat, gives an extraordinary quick vegetation to the seed, which in a few days will be in the rough leaf and out of all danger from the fly. This insect is weakened or killed by drenching showers, and does no injury to the Turnip when much rain falls. When a crop is destroyed by the fly, the ne- cessary reparation is immediately to dig, or stir the ground, and make another sowing, watering soon and occasionally afterwards, unless rain falls." Loud. I. c. Subsequent culture. " As soon as the plants have leaves about an inch broad, hoe and thin them to six or eight square inches distance, cutting up weeds. As the Turnips increase in the root, a part may be drawn by progressive thinnings, so as to leave those designed to reach a full size ultimately ten or twelve square inches. Water garden crops sometimes in hot dry weather." Taking in the crop and preserving it by housing. In succes- sive crops begin to draw as directed above in a thinning order, that such others as are coming forward may have room to enlarge in succession, by which means a regular supply will be procured till March or April of the second season ; specific sorts being sufficiently hardy to continue good through ordinary winters. But of the winter crops for the table, draw a portion occasion- ally in November, December, or whenever there is an appearance of the frost setting in severe. Cut the tops off close and house the roots in some lower shed or cellar, laid in sand ready for use while the ground is frozen. " Instead of cutting the top and roots close off, some prefer leaving about an inch of the top, and the whole of the root ; and, when the bulbs are kept in a sufficiently cool store, this seems preferable, as more likely to retain the sap." Abercrombie. Turnip-tops. These are to be gathered from the earlier spring- produced leaves, either from the crown or flower-stalk. They are equally good from any of the varieties, and less acrid from those of the Swedish Turnip. Sometimes very late sowings are made in September and October, which never bulb, but which are preserved entirely for their produce as greens in spring. London, I. c. Field Turnips. Where a family can be supplied from the field, the roots will always be found of a better flavour, and the same remark applies to all the culinary kinds of Brassica, Cauli- flower and Brocoli excepted. Varieties commonly cultivated in the fields. These may be arranged as whites and yellows. 1 White Turnips. By far the best and most generally cultivated, is the globe, but there are also the green-topped and purple- topped, which though they do not produce so large a crop as. the globe or oval, stand the winter better, and the red-topped, it is said, will keep till February. The pudding or tankard Turnip, has a white bulb which rises from eight to twelve inches high, standing almost wholly above the ground. It is less prolific than any of the others, and more liable to be injured by frost. 2 Yellow Turnips. There is the yellow field Turnip, which is more hardy than the globe, and answers well for succeeding that variety in spring, as well as the Swedish Turnip, which may be preserved for consumption in June. See B. Campestris Rutabtiga. The Siberian Turnip has a bulb and a branching top, but both of inferior quality. It is said to be a hybrid between the White Swedish Turnip and field Cabbage, or between the Rape and the Cabbage. The sorts are limited by the best farmers to the white globe, yellow, and Swedish, according as early, middling, or late supplies are wanted. Choice of seed. Farmers must rely on the integrity of the seed-dealer, as it is impossible to discover by the grains whether the sorts are true. Turnip seed requires to be frequently changed, and the best is generally procured from Norfolk and Northum- berland. Those who wish to have Turnips in perfection should procure fresh seed from Norfolk every year, for after two years it degenerates. New seed is preferable to old, as it vege- tates several days sooner, and more vigorously, and it is well known that the healthy and vigorous plants escape the fly, while the stunted or sickly seldom or never escape it. Hence it would seem that plants raised from fresh or new seed are more secure from the fly than those raised from old seeds. Soil, should always be of a light description, as they can never be advantageously cultivated on wet tenacious soils, but are grown on all comparatively dry soils under all the variations of our climate, but even in clayey soils they are frequently cul- tivated, though on a smaller scale, to be eaten by cattle, for the li 2 244 CRUCIFERyE. LXXXIII. BRASSICA. purpose of augmenting and enriching the manure into which the straw of corn is converted. Climate. The climate most desirable for the Turnip is cool and temperate. Turnips in the south of Europe never grow large, and a rapid climate is disadvantageous to the Turnip, and they are accordingly found of no size in Russia, Sweden, and many parts of North America. Preparing the soil. " The first ploughing is given with a deep furrow, soon after harvest, usually in the direction of the former ridges, though if the soil be dry it is of little consequence in what direction. As soon as the spring seed-time is over, a second ploughing is given across the former, and the harrows, and if necessary the rollers are set to work in order to clean and pulverise the soil, and the weed-roots are carefully burnt or carried off the field to form a compost, usually with lime. The land then generally undergoes a third ploughing, and weed-roots carried off as before, again harrowed well, sometimes also rolled. It is next laid up in ridgelets from 27 to 30 inches wide, either with the common swing plough, or one with two mould-boards which forms two sides of a ridgelet at once. Well rotted dung at the rate of 12 or 15 tons per acre, this is spread equally over the ground. The plough immediately follows, and reversing the ridgelets forms new ones over the dung, and the drill-barrow, commonly one that sows two drills at once, drawn by one horse, deposits the seeds as fast as the new drills are formed. This machine has usually two rollers, one that goes before the sowing apparatus and levels the pointed tops of the ridgelets, and another that follows, for the purpose of compressing the soil and covering the seed. Ground cannot be made too rich for the Turnip, for in fact the weight of the crop depends upon its con- dition in this respect." Time of sowing. " The several varieties are somewhat differ- ent ; the Swedish should be put in earliest, and then the yellow, both of them in the month of May. But as these kinds are much less extensively cultivated than the globe, the month of June is the principal seed-time. In the southern counties, Tur- nips are frequently sown in August after peas, wheat, or tares. The crop, however, is always light, and only fit to be eaten down by sheep in spring, or to send their tops to market as greens. After a crop of hotspur peas, sold green for the London market, the land is well cleansed with the horse-hoe, and upon once ploughing Turnips are sown, and when the plants first appear, the field receives a light top dressing of soot, ashes, &c. : this has a good effect in preserving the plants from the depredation of the fly." Mode of sowing, in all the best cultivated districts is on raised drills, for sowing broad-cast, or even sowing in rows on a flat surface, is never found to answer. After culture. The turnip farmer, as soon as the Turnip has put forth the rough leaf, runs a horse-hoe between the ridgelets, and cuts up the weeds on each side almost close to the ridgelets, clearing out the bottom of the interval at the same time. The iiand-hoers are always set to work as soon as possible after, and the plants are left about 9 inches apart or more. A few days after this a small swing plough enters the intervals between the rows, and taking a furrow slice off each side, forms a smaller ridgelet in the middle. If the weeds still arise in great abund- ance, the horse-hoe may be employed again ; otherwise, the next operation is to go over them a second time with the hand-hoe, when the intermediate ridge is levelled. When no more manual labour is necessary, a small plough with two mould-boards is employed to lay up the earth to the sides of the plants, leaving the ridgelet the same form as when sown, which finishes the process. Use of Turnips. They are either eaten by sheep on the spot, lotted off by means of hurdles or nets that they may be regularly consumed in grass fields or fold-yards ; when the weather is wet or the fields are moist, when the sheep ought not to be allowed to lie on the field. Eating Turnips on the spot is of great advantage both in manuring and consolidating the ground. Turnips are also used for feeding cattle and sometimes milch cows, but the far greater part, wherever they are extensively cultivated, by sheep. The Swedish and yellow Turnip are eaten greedily by horses, and affords a very nutritive and salutary food along with hay or straw for working stock. During severe frost Turnips become so hard that no animal can eat them ; in this case lay them in running water, which effectually thaws them : or placed in close feeding-houses, the Turnips intended for next day's use may be stored up over night in one end of the building, and the warmth of the animals will thaw them sufficiently by morning. But in those months when frosts are severe, it is always advisable to have a few days' consumption in the turnip barn. It is necessary to slice with a spade or chopping-knife, or crush them by means of a heavy wooden mallet, for sheep and young cattle in their first year towards spring, when the loosening and shedding of their teeth render them unable to break the large roots. A wine is said to be made from the Turnip by the London manufacturers of imitations of foreign wine. A kind of bread is also said to be made of the Turnip. Sir Humphrey Davy has proved that Turnips contain 42 parts in 1000 of nutritive matter, of which 7 were mucilage, 34 sugar, and 1 gluten. Swedish Turnips afforded 64 parts of nutritive matter in 1000, of which 9 were starch, 51 sugar, 2 gluten, and 2 extract. " To raise plants for seed the usual mode is to select the most approved specimens at the season when they are full grown, and either remove all others from the field, and leave them to shoot into flower-stems next year, or transplant them to a place by themselves, where they will be secure from the farina of others of their genus. In either case, they must be protected by earthing up from winter's frost." The diseases and injuries to which Turnips are liable are various. At their first appearance the leaves are liable to the attacks of the fly (Aphis and Chrysomela, Lin.) of the cater- pillar (Papilio noctua, &c. Lin.) of the slug (Limax, Lin.) and of mildew. Their roots are attacked by worms of various kinds ; by a singular tendency to monstrosity, known provincially by the names of fingers and toes ; by the ambury ; by canker, and by wasting or gangrene from water or frost. Of all or most of these injuries or diseases, it may be observed that they neither admit of prevention or cure by art, but under favorable circum- stances of soil, climate, culture, and weather they seldom occur, and therefore all that the cultivator can do is to prepare and manure his land properly ; and in the sowing season supply water when the weather is dry or the soil deficient in humidity. 4 B. NA'PUS (Lin. spec. 931.) leaves smooth, of a greyish- glaucous-hue, radical ones lyrate, stem ones pinnatifid and cre- nated, uppermost ones cordate-lanceolate, clasping the stem ; siliques divaricate-spreading. $ . H. Native country not known. Cultivated in fields. It is to be found almost natu- ralized in waste ground and on ditch banks in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 2146. Schrank. fl. mon. 3. t. 218. Sinapis Napus, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 586. * A. oleifera (D. C. syst. 2. p. 592.) root slender $ . H. B. oleifera, Mcench. meth. 253. B. Napus, Nestl. — Navette d'hiver Natette, Rabette (Fr.) Ruben, Reps, Winter Reps, (Germ.) Rape, Naverv, Coleseed, Winter Navette (Eng.) — Lob. icon. t. 200. f. 2. Rape. Navette, (Fr.) Ritbsamen, (Germ.) Naba Sylvestre, (Ital.) This is the British Rape, or Colsat. It is distinguished from the Colsat or Colsai of the continent, by the smoothness of its leaves, the other being hispid. It would be desirable, De Candolle observes, if all cultivators would examine whether CRUCIFEILE. LXXXIII. BRASSICA. 245 the plant they cultivate is Brassica Campestris oleifera, or the Brassica Napus oleifera, which can easily be ascertained by the roughness or smoothness of the leaves. Experiments made by Gaujac shew the produce of the first, compared to that of tlie second, to be 955 to 700, (Hort. trans. 5. p. 23.) " For its leaves, as food for sheep, and its seeds for the oil manufacturers, Rape, or Coleseed, has been cultivated from time immemorial. It may be grown by sowing broad-cast, or in rows, like the com- mon turnip, or transplanted like the Swedish turnip. The culture of Rape for seed has been much objected to by some, on account of the great degree of exhaustion of the land that it is supposed to produce. But where it is grown on a suitable soil and pre- paration, with proper attention in the after-culture, and the straw and offal, instead of being burnt, as is the common prac- tice, converted to the purpose of feeding or littering cattle, it may in many instances be as proper and advantageous a crop as can be employed by the farmer. The soils best suited for the culture of Rape are the deep, rich, dry and kindly soils. Young says that on open fen and peat soils, and bogs, it thrives well, and especially on pared and burned land, which is the best pre- paration for it ; but it may be grown with success on fenny, marshy, and other coarse waste lands, that have been long under grass, after being broken, and reduced into a proper state of pre- paration. As a first crop, on such description of land, it is often the best that can be employed. The author of the New Farmer's Calendar thinks that this plant is not perhaps worth attention on any but rich and deep soils ; for instance, those luxuriant slips that are found by the sea-side, fens, or newly broken up grounds, where vast crops of it may be raised." The land on which the Rape is to be sown needs nothing more than a deep ploughing, and sufficient harrowing to bring the surface to a fine mould, in February or March, immediately before sowing, or in July, or after the hay-crop if the sowing is deferred to that season. When sown on old tillage-land, the method of preparation is the same as that which is usually given for the common turnip. Wheat is considered the best crop to follow Rape : by its being taken off early there is sufficient time allowed for getting the land in order for sowing wheat. The time of sowing Rape is the same as that for the turnip, and the manner, either broad-cast or in rows. Where the object is the keep of sheep in autumn or winter, by eating it down, the broad-cast method, and thick sowing, is evidently the best, and is that generally resorted to in Lincolnshire and the fenny districts. The quantity of seed, when sown thick, may be a peck an acre ; but when drilled, or sown thin, two or three pounds will suffice. Vacancies may always be filled up by transplanting. The season for trans- planting is soon after harvest. One deep ploughing is sufficient, .and a sufficient degree of harrowing : the plants are then dib- bled in rows a foot apart, and the plants six inches asunder. These will not be so strong as those sown in June or July, where they are to run to seed. The seed-beds where the plants are to be obtained for transplanting, should be sown in June or July. The after-culture is the same as that for the turnip, which consists in hoeing and thinning. In poor soils they may be left at 6 or 8 inches apart, but in rich soil 12 or 15 inches. Whon Rape is grown purposely for feeding sheep, no hoeing nor thinning js necessary. The seeds begin to ripen about the last week of June, and must then be protected from birds. In harvesting Rape great care is necessary not to lose the seed by shaking, or by exposing it to high winds or rain. It is reaped with the hook, and the principal point is to make good use of fine weather, for it must be threshed as fast as reaped, or at least without being stacked like other crops. The use of Rape-seed for crushing for oil is well known : it is also employed as food for tame birds, and sometimes it is sown by gardeners in the same way as mustard or cress, for early salading. Rape-cake, and Rape-dust, the first adhering masses of seed-husks after the oil has been expressed, and the second loose dry husks, are used for top-dressings for crops of different sorts, but it has little or no effect if rain does not immediately follow after it has been scattered on the ground. The haulm is used as hay, and the tops are eaten with avidity nearly equal to cut straw. The green leaves, as food for sheep, are scarcely surpassed by any other vegetable, in so far as respects its nutritious properties ; but in quantity it is inferior to both turnips and cabbages. The sheep are folded upon Rape in the same manner as practised with turnips, from November to April. Rape is cultivated in gardens as a small salad herb, to be gathered young in the seed-leaves, and used as cresses and mus- tard. Like these it has a warm flavour, and is recommended as a stomachic. This plant is very generally cultivated in the eastern parts of France. " Culture for small salading. Sow at the same time with cresses Lepidium Sativum mustard, Sinapis dlba, in spring and winter, or at any season when small salading is required. Sow in drills, and follow the culture directed for White Mustard." * B. ESCULE'NTA (D. C. 1. c.) root fusiform, thickened under the neck. Lob. icon. 200. f. 1. — Bauh. hist. 2. p. 842. icon. — Mor. oxon. 2. p. 214. sect. 3. t. 2. f. 1. This plant is usually confused with the Swedish turnip and the common turnip. Var.a,alba; (B.C. syst. 2. p. 593. )root white, esculent. N&pus diilcis. Blackw. herb. t. 410. This is the most common variety. Var. j3,Jlava ; (D. C. 1. c.) root yellow, esculent. Far. y, nigricans; (D. C. 1. c.) root with a black skin, esculent. " The Naverv, Navel, ChouNavet,orFrenchturnip, Dickson ob- serves, (Hort. trans, vol. I.) enriches all the foreign soups. Stewed in gravy it forms a most excellent dish, and being white, and of the shape of a carrot, when mixed alternately with those roofs upon a dish, it is very ornamental. In France, as well as Ger- many, few great dinners are served up without it in one shape or other." " In using it there is no necessity to cut away the outer skin, or rind, in which, indeed, the flavour chiefly resides ; scraping it will be quite sufficient." Justice observes, (Brit, gard. direct, p. 159.) that it is neither fit to be boiled alone, nor raw, but that two or three of them, in seasoning, will give a higher flavour than a dozen of any common turnips. " The great advantage attending the cultivation of this root is, that it requires no manure whatever ; any soil that is poor and light, especially if sandy, suits it, where it seldom exceeds the size of one's thumb or middle finger ; in rich manured earth it grows much larger, but it is not so sweet, or good in quality." Justice and Dickson. Sowing broad-cast, in the way of Turnips, is the way of cultivating the Navet. Rape or Coleseed. Fl. April, June. Clt. ? PI. 2 to 3 feet. 5 B. PRJJ'COX, (Waldst. et Kit. ined. D. C. syst. 2. p. 593.) leaves smooth, covered with greyish-glaucous bloom ; radical and lower stem-leaves lyrate, upper stem-ones cordate-lanceo- late, stem-clasping, crenated ; pods erect. Q. H. Culti- vated throughout middle Europe, in fields in the mountains. Nanette d'ete (Fr.) Kohl Reps, Summer Reps (Germ.). Flow- ers sulphur-coloured. The summer Navette is less cultivated than the Coleseed, being less prolific, the seeds being much smaller. It is chiefly cultivated on hilly ground, where the winter Navel le will not grow. Being an annual it is sown in the spring and reaped in the autumn. Early Coleseed. Fl. Aug. Clt.? PI. 2 feet. 6 B. CRE'TICA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 747.) stem shrubby at the base ; leaves ovate-roundish, crenated, stalked, smooth. Tj . F. Native of Crete, as well as in all the islands of the Archipelago, in the fissures of rocks. Smith, fl. grsec. t. 645. Flowers race- mose. Similar to B. oleracea. Stem a foot high, dividing into 2 or 3 short thick branches at the top. Cretan Cabbage. Fl. April, May. Shrub 2 ft. 246 CRUCIFER^E. LXXXIII. BRASSICA. 7 B. CHINE'NSIS (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 280.) herbaceous ; leaves oval, almost quite entire, floral ones lanceolate, clasping the stem ; calyx longer than the claws of the petals. $ . H. Native of China. B. violacea, Burm. fl. ind. p. 140? Stem tall, erect, branched ; the whole plant rather glaucous. Flowers yellow or violet. Chinese Cabbage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1770. PL 3 to 4 ft. 8 B. VIOLA'CEA (Lin. spec. 932.). herbaceous ; leaves ovate- lanceolate, glabrous, undivided, toothed ; sepals and ovaries villous ; pedicels furnished with bracteas. $ . H. Native of China. Racemes terminal. Flowers whitish-purple, reticulated ; petals twice the length of the calyx. Violaceous-fiowered Cabbage. Fl. May, June. PL 2 feet. 9 B. MAGELLA'NICA (Juss. ined. Pers. ench. 2. p. 207.) herba- ceous ; leaves glabrous, pectinately pinnate-parted ; flowering racemes rather corymbose. $ 1 H. Native of the Straits of Magellan. Petals obovate, apparently white, about the size of those of B. Cheiranthos. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 85. Magellan Cabbage. PI. 2 feet ? 10 B. HELENIA'NA (Burch. fl. st. hel. ined. no. 128.) herba- ceous ; leaves lyrately-pinnate, rather scabrous, radical ones with 9 or 10 pairs of leaflets, stem-ones with 1 or 2 pair ; terminal lobes very large. £ . H. Native of the island of St. Helena, in moist situations in the valley called Arno's Vale, near Long- wood. Root twisted, slender. Stem ascending, branched. Flowers white or purple, veined with black. Perhaps a species of Raphanus, St. Helena Cabbage. PL 2 feet. 1 1 B. VILLOSA (Biv. ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 243.) sufFruti- cose, villous ; leaves all stalked, lyrate, and toothed. Flowers panicled ; sepals erect ; pods somewhat tetragonal. Tj . F. Native of Sicily. Villous Cabbage. PL 2 foot. 12 B. INCA'NA (Tenor, app. hort. nap. cat. p. 59.) plant clothed with hoary soft down ; lower leaves stalked, lyrate ; ter- minal lobe large, toothed ; stem sufFruticose at the base ; siliques smooth, 5-times longer than the beak. \} . F. Native of Goat's Islands, and near Naples, and on the higher mountains of Sicily, on rocks. Flowers pale-yellow. Hoary Cabbage. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2 ft. 13 B. BALEA'RICA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 206.) plant smooth; lower leaves stalked, sinuated, somewhat fiddle-shaped, rather fleshy ; stem suffruticose at the base ; siliques 5-times longer than the beak. Tj . H. Native of the Balearic islands, and on the red rock at Nice. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 86. B. semper- virens, Schrank hort. mon. t. 10. Stem branched. Leaves re- sembling those of oak. Flowers pale yellow. Perhaps a spe- cies of Eruca. Balearic Callage. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2 ft. 14 B. GRAVING (Tenor, app. prim. cat. hort. nap. p. 59. fl. neap. t. 62.) plant covered with hispid pubescence ; lower leaves oblong, runcinate, with the teeth or lobes entire and acute ; calyx spreading ; siliques glabrous. If. . H. Native of Naples, on the mountains in Abruzzo. Caudex radiciform, suf- frutescent, short. Stem annual, erect, branched a little. Flow- ers yellow. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed. Gravina's Cabbage. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1 823. PL 2 ft. 15 B. HY'BRIDA (Tenor, prod. fl. nap. p. 59.) stem shrubby at the base, smooth above, leafy ; leaves smooth ; lower ones lyrate, denticulated, upper ones somewhat hastate, sessile ; pe- dicels very short; calyx coloured, closed. Tj, H. Native of Naples. Flowers yellow. Hybrid Cabbage. PL 2 feet. 16 B. PINNATI'FIDA (Desf. fl. all. 2. p. 95. t. 166.) leaves pinnatifid, glabrous ; lobes lanceolate, serrated ; ribs and petioles rather hairy ; siliques somewhat tetragonal. $ . H. Native of Mauritania and Spain. Stem branched, hairy at the base. Flowers the size and colour of those of B. oleracea. Pinnae-leaved Cabbage. FL May, June. Clt. 1818. PL 2 to 3 feet. 17 B. LYRA'TA (Desf. fl. all. 2. p. 96. t. 166.) leaves his- pid, radical ones lyrate, stem ones deeply toothed ; calyx and siliques hispid ; stem ascendant. ©? H. Native of the north of Africa, in sandy deserts. Stems numerous from the same tuft, simple or branched, hispid. Flowers small, violaceous, reticulated. Habit of Dij.lolaxis erucoides. Lyrate-leaved Cabbage. Fl. in the water. PL •§ foot. 18 B. HU'MILIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 598.) leaves all radical, fleshy, pinnatifid ; lobes entire, bearing hairs at their apex ; scapes naked ; siliques spreading, tapering to the base, termi- nated by a thickish style. If.. H. Native near Montpelier. Sisymbrium repandum p, D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 62. Root long, hard, with numerous naked scapes rising from it. Flow- ers yellow. Humble Cabbage. FL May, June. Clt. 1820. PL | foot. 19 B. REPA'NDA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 598.) leaves all radical, fleshy, glabrous, repand-toothed ; scapes naked ; style slender, distinct from the silique. y.. H. Native of Dauphiny, Pied- mont, and Provence, on mountains in exposed situations. Sisym- brium Monense, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 350. t. 39. S. repandum, Willd. spec. 3. p. 497. Very like the preceding in habit. Repand-leaved Cabbage. FL June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PL J ft. SECT. II. ERUCA'STRUM (altered from Eruca.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 598. prod. l.p. 216. Siliques sessile, ending in a conical beak which contains 1-2 seeds at the base. 20 B. RICHE RII (Vill. dauph. 3. p. 331. t. 36.) leaves smooth, lower ones oblong, somewhat toothed, stalked, upper ones linear-lanceolate, few. !(.. H. Native of the Alps of Pied- mont, Dauphiny, and Provence, in stony meadows. All. ped. no. 967. t. 58. f. 1 and 76. f. 2. Root hard, twisted, woody, with numerous annual stems rising from the neck. Flowers yellow, very like those of B. oleracea. Richer s Cabbage. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PL 1 foot. 21 B. MONE'NSIS (Huds. angl. 291.) leaves smooth, rather fleshy, and somewhat glaucous, pinnatifid ; lobes linear, distant, toothed. 1£. H. Native on the sandy sea-coast, plentiful on the coast of Cumberland and in Walney Island. Anglesea but rare, also near Liverpool. In the isles of Bute, Arran, and Man, and several other parts of the western coast of Scotland, also between Dundee and Forfar. Sisymbrium Monense, Lin. spec. ed. 1 . p. 658. Smith, engl. hot. 962. Lightf. fl. scot. 1. p. 352. t. 15. Lam. ill. t. 565. f. 2. Man Rocket, Pet. herb. brit. t. 46. f. 7. Root woody, thick, with numerous stems rising from the neck. Cauline leaves very few. Racemes corymbose, 7-8-flowered. Flowers large, yellow, veined. Is\e-of-Man Rocket or Cabbage. FL June, July. Britain. PL | to 4 foot. 22 B. ERUCA'STRUM (Lin. spec. 932.) leaves runcinate, smooth- ish ; lobes unequal, bluntly sinuated ; stem hispid at the base. O- H. Native of France, Italy, Switzerland, &c/ in sand and among rubbish. Bull. herb. t. 331. Sisymbrium Erucastrum, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 342. Eruca sylvestris, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 497. Eruca Erucastrum, Baumg. fl. trans. 2. p. 265. Erysimum Eru- castrum, Scop. earn. ed. 2. p. 27. The synonyms are very doubtful. Flowers yellow, veined. The beak of the pod is sometimes very small and 1-seeded, sometimes without seeds. Eruca-like Rocket. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1790. PL 1 foot. 23 B. CHEIRA'NTHOS (Vill. dauph. 3. p. 332. t. 36.) leaves stalked, hispid, pinnatifid; lobes sinuately-toothed, oval-oblong; stem hispid at the base ; silique 4-times longer than the beak. $ ? H. Native of the south of France, Dauphiny, Piedmont, 1 CRUCIFER^E. LXXXIII. BRASSICA. 247 Savoy, Switzerland, in sand on the banks of rivers and rivulets. Sinapis Tournefortii, All. ped. no. 692. exclusive of the sy- nonyms. Sisymbrium Monense, Gilib. elem. 2. p. 184. Erysi- mum arvense, Thor. chlor. land. 284. Flowers yellow. This is a very polymorphous plant. Var. /3, Sinapis recurvata (All. ped. no. 963. t. 37.) Perhaps this plant is specifically distinct from the calyx, being more loose, and the beak of the pod rougher. Native of Piedmont and Mauritania on hills in exposed situations. Var. y, B. montana (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 651.) Native of the Pyrenees on the higher mountains. This plant is humble, almost stemless, and tufted. Wallflower Cabbage. Fl. Ju. Sep. Clt. 1819. PL 1 to 2 ft. 24 B. CHEIRANTHIFLORA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 601.) radical leaves stalked, lyrately-pinnatifid, rather hispid, cauline ones few, with entire acute lobes ; root slender ; siliques 3 times longer than the beaks. Q. H. Native of Spain, France, in sandy places. Sisymbrium Burgundiacum, Hort. taur. Raphanus cheiranthiflorus, \Villd. hort. berl. 19. t. 19. Root slender, perpendicular. Stem simple. Flowers yellow. Stock-flowered Cabbage. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1806. PI. 1 ft. 25 B. TOURNEFO'RTII (Gouan. ill. p. 44. t. 20. f. A.) radical leaves stalked, hairy, lyrately-pinnatifid ; lobes ovate, crenated ; siliques twice as long as the beak. 0. H. Native of Spain and Egypt on the margins of sub-humid fields. Eruca erecta, Lag. cat. hort. madr. 1815. p. 20. Root slender, perpendicular. Stem rather hispid at the base. Flowers pale-yellow. Var. ft, B. sisymbrioldes (Fisch. in litt.) Q. H. Native of Persia about Lencheran. This plant differs from the species, in the habit being smaller, as well as in the leaves being pinnate ; the lobes are equal, and the terminal one is hardly larger than the lateral ones. Tournefort's Cabbage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PL 1 ft. 26 B. UEVIGA'TA (Lag. varied, p. 40. no. 19.) radical leaves on short stalks, hairy, runcinately-pinnatifid ; lobes acutely toothed ; stem smooth, almost naked, siliques 4 times longer than the beak. O? $ • H. Native of Spain in sandy places. Root white, perpendicular. Leaves rather glaucous. Petals white, streaked with livid veins. Smoothed Cabbage. Fl. June. Clt. 1820. PL 1 foot. 27 B. VALENTI'NA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 603.) lower leaves stalked, clothed with stiff hairs, pinnatifid ; lobes a little toothed, upper leaves smooth, almost entire ; pedicels shorter than the calyx; silique round, 3 times longer than the beak. Q. H. Native of Spain about Madrid, and in the province of Valencia. Sisymbrium Valentinum, Lin. spec. 920. Eruca hispida, Cav. mss. — Barrel, icon. t. 195. f. 1. Root hard, white, branched. Flowers white. Valencia Cabbage. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1818. PL 1 foot. 28 B. ERYSIMOI'DES (Sieb. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 912.) his- pid ; stem branched ; leaves lyrate ; pods erect, beset with re- flexed hairs, crowned by a long beak. $ 1 H. Native of Egypt. Flowers pale-yellow. Erysimum-like Cabbage. PL 2 feet ? 29 B. STRic6sA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 603.) lower leaves lyrately- pinnatifid, hispid ; lobes ovate, toothed, terminal one large ; stem hispid at the base, with retrograde hairs ; silique 4 times longer than the beak. Q ? H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sisymbrium strigosum, Thunb. prod. 109. Ery'simum scabrosum, Banks, herb. Root long, perpendicular. Stem sim- ple, a little furrowed. Flowers yellow ? Strigose Cabbage. Fl. ? PL 1 foot. 30 B. FRUTICULOSA (Cyr. pi. rar. 2. p. 7. t. 1.) lower leaves rather pilose, lyrate ; lobes blunt, toothed, terminal one very large ; stem suffruticose at the base, and hispid, but glabrous at the apex ; siliques torose, 4 times longer than the beak. Jj . H. Native of Naples, Spain, Sicily, Greece, &c. on arid hills and in cultivated places. Sinapis radicata, Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 98. t. 167. Smith, fl. graec. t. 648. Flowers pale-yellow. This is a species apparently between Brdssica and Sinapis; it has a spread- ing calyx as in Sinapis, but the habit and fruit is that ofBrassica. Shrubby Cabbage. FL May, July. Clt. 1818. PL H foot. 31 B. CYRENI'ACA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 911.) smooth; upper leaves cordate-ovate, serrulated, stem-clasping ; calyx smooth ; pod torulose ; beak tetragonal, 2-edged, obtuse. $ . H. Na- tive of Lybia or Cyreniaca. Raphanus amplexicaulis, Viv. Cyrenian Cabbage. PI. 2 feet. 32 B. PINNA^TA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 912.) smooth; leaves pinnate ; leaflets linear, obtuse, almost entire ; pods spreading, furfuraceous, torulose, crowned by a long beak. $ . H. Na- tive of the north of Africa in the great Syrtis. Raphanus pin- nata, Viv. fl. lyb. Pinnate-leaved Cabbage. PL 2 feet? SECT. III. MICROPODIUM (from piKpos, mikros, small, and trove, pous, a foot ; in allusion to the siliques being seated on short pedicels.) Silique elevated above the receptacle on a short pedicle, terminated by the short slender style, which is tipped by a capitate stigma. Allied to Diplotdxis, but there is only one row of seeds in each cell. 33 B. ELONGA'TA (Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 159.) leaves stalked, lower ones sinuately-pinnatifid, hispid, upper ones smooth, toothed ; stem smooth. $ . H. Native of Transylvania, Hun- gary, Tauria, and Caucasus, on sandy hills, and by way-sides in sterile places. Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 26. t. 28. Sinapis Icevigata, Pall. ined. taur. Habl. p. 164. This species is truly difficult to class as the calyx is not closed as in Brassica, nor is it loose as in Sinapis. Flowers yellow. This species is culti- vated in Hungary for the sake of expressed oil of the seeds. The cultivation of Sinapis nigra will answer well for this plant. Elongated-racemed Cabbage. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1817. PL 2 to 4 feet. 34 B. SABHLARIA (Brot. phyt. p. 97. t. 43.) radical leaves rather pilose, pinnatifid or runcinate, upper ones linear; stem hispid at the base. Q. H. Native of Portugal in sandy fields, especially about Coimbra and Lisbon, also of Sardinia. Sisym- brium Parra, Lin. mant. 255. Calyx greenish-yellow ; petals yellow. This plant was supposed to have originally come from Para in Brazil, whence the Linnaean name. Sand Cabbage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PL 2 to 3 feet. 35 B. FRA'GILIS (Sieb. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 912.) smoothish ; leaves oblong, running into the petiole, unequally toothed ; racemes elongated ; pedicels hispid ; pods erect, stipitate, crowned by the shortish thick style. $ , H. Native of Egypt. Brittle Cabbage. PL 1 foot. •f" Species not sufficiently known. 36 B. BU NIAS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 606.) $ 1 H. Native probably of the Levant. This plant has been confused with the true Bimias orientate, Lin. and is mixed with it in his herba- rium, but it differs from that plant in the young pods being terete, slender, and smooth, terminated by a filiform style, adidt ones oblong, crowned by a seedless conical beak. Bunias foliis retrorsum sinuatis, Lin. hort. ups. 1 86. The terminal lobe of the leaf is very large, and the lateral ones incline backwards ; the cauline ones are small and entire. Racemes panicled and elongated. Bunias-like Cabbage. Fl. June, July. PL 2 to 3 feet. 37 B. RECTANGULA' RIS (Viv. append, fl. cors. in Schlecht. Linnsea 1. p. 502.) leaves rectangularly- pinnate ; outer pinnaj confluent ; leaflets sessile, and are as well as the segments broad- linear, deeply serrated ; claws of petals, as well as the stamens, 218 CRUCIFERJE. LXXXIII. BRASSICA. LXXXIV. SINAPIS. exceeding the length of the calyx ; beak compressed, equal in length to the pod, which is smooth. Native of Corsica. Flowers yellow. Rectangular-ipmnate-]eavee-stemmed Sand-Mustard. PI. { foot. 12 D. VIMI'NEA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 635.) pods sessile, erect; style short, filiform ; radical leaves lyrate, very blunt, smooth ; stem naked, somewhat decumbent. (•)• H. Native of vineyards, cultivated, and sandy places ; in France about Paris, Dauphiny, Montpelier, Provence ; Italy, Naples, and Sicily about Agri- gentum. Sisymbrium vimineum, Lin. spec. 919. S. pumilum, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 516. S. vineale, Gat. fl. mont. 120.— Bocc. sic. 19. t. 10. A small, smooth herb, like D. murale. Flowers small, yellow. — Mor. oxon. 2. p. 229. no. 8. sect. 3. t. 5. f. 8. Twiggy Sand-Mustard. Fl. May, July. Clt. ? PL decumb. 13 D. SAXA'TILIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 636.) pods erect, sessile, tapering to the base ; style short, conical ; radical leaves pinnate- lobed, thickish, with entire lobes; stems almost naked, erect. I/ . H. Native of Spain, Piedmont, and Tauria on rocks. Si- symbrium Monense, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 918. but not of his first edition. S. saxatile, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 517. S. repandum, Poir. diet. 7. p. 209. S. Monense, var. Gerardi, Smith, in Rees' cyclop. S. murale and S. vimineum, Bieb. fl. taur. ex suppl. p. 439. S. Valentinum, Juss. herb. Root thick. Stem either naked or leafy at the base. Calyx smooth. Flowers yellow. Rock Sand-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PI. £ to £ ft. 14 D. RAMOSI'SSIMA (Spreng. neu. entd. 3. p. 52.) pods erect, crowned by a short, terete style ; leaves all lanceolate, elongated, and nearly sessile, quite smooth and quite entire. 7£. H. Na- tive of? Siliques terete, on long stalks. Much-branched Sand-Mustard. PI. 1 foot. 15 D. SI'MPLEX (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 914.) stem almost naked, smooth ; radical leaves oblong-linear, remotely toothed ; cauline leaves few, linear, entire ; beak of pod filiform, crowned by a capitate stigma. O- H. Native of the north of Africa. Sisym- brium simplex, Viv. fl. lyb. Flowers yellow. Simple-stemmed Sand-Mustard. PI. 1 foot. 16 D. SETO'SA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 699.) I/ . H. Native of the Pyrenees. Turritis setosa, Lapeyr. abr. suppl. 93. Root per- pendicular. Radical leaves numerous, erect, runcinate, others profoundly toothed, and others pinnatifid. Stem naked. Flowers capitate, crowded. Calyx erect, closed, purplish. Petals yel- low, narrow, with long claws, nevertheless they are shorter than the stamens. Pods long, terete, smooth, truncate. The whole plant is clothed with white bristles, intermixed with white hairs. Bristly Sand-Mustard. PI. 1 foot. Cult. None of these plants are worth cultivating except in general collections. The perennial species can be increased by dividing the plants at the root or by seeds. The seeds of the annual and biennial kinds only require to be sown in the open ground. They will all grow under any circumstances. LXXXVII. ERU>CA(said to be fromwro, to burn; because the seeds have an acrid burning taste, and when applied to the skin occasion blisters.) Tourn. inst. 227. t. 111. D. C. syst. 2. p. 636. prod. l.p. 223. — Euzomum, Link. enum. 2. p. 174. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliquosa. Silique terete, crowned by a large ensiform or conical style. Seeds globose, disposed in a single row in each cell. Calyx erect, equal at the base. An- nual erect branching herbs, with pinnate-lobed leaves, erect ter- minal racemes of flowers, which are white or yellow, and beauti- fully reticulated with brown veins. 1 E. SATI VA (Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 496.) leaves lyrately-pinna- tifid, with toothed acute lobes ; stem hairy ; pedicels shorter than the deciduous calyx. O- H. Native of cultivated fields and by way-sides in the north of Africa, Spain, Portugal, France, Switzerland, Italy, and Greece. E. foe'tida, Moench. meth. 256. E. grandiflora, Cav. prsel. p. 426. Sinapis Eruca, Clairv. herb. val. 220. Brassica Eruca, Lin. spec. 932. Smith, fl. graec. t. 646 and t. 647. — Lob. icon. 204. f. 1.— Chabr. sciagr. 276. f. A very polymorphous plant ; it is sometimes smooth, some- times hairy, from 3 inches in height to 2 feet, and the flowers are very variable in colour. Perhaps numerous species are con- fused under the head of varieties. The whole herb is acrid to the taste, and has a strong disagreeable smell when bruised. The seeds are very acrid, and blister when bruised and applied to the skin ; they are also reckoned sialagogue and aphrodisiacal. Var. a ; flowers white ; pods smooth. Brassica Eruca, Blackw. herb. 242. Far. ft ; flowers white ; pods pilose. Var. y ; flowers yellow ; pods smooth. Brdssica Eruca, Bull, herb. t. 313. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1870. t. 186. Var. S ; flowers yellow ; pods pilose. Brdssica Eruca, Var. ft. Smith, fl. graec. t. 646, and 647. Var. c ; flowers pale ; pods smooth and turgid. Brassica turgida, Pers. ench. 2. p. 207. Var. f ; stem smooth ; pods hispid. Brassica erucoides, Horn, hort. hafn. 2. p. 621. Var. 17 ; stem and pods smooth. Sinapis exotica. Hort. Garden Rocket (Eng.) Roquette cullivee. La Rocket des Jar- dins (Fr.). Rauhette (Germ.) Ruccola (Ital.). This plant has been known in Britain since 1573. When in flower, in July, it has a strong peculiar smell, almost fetid. This plant is now neglected in Britain, but is still in use in several places on the continent, where the leaves and tender stalks are used as salad ingredients, and form an agreeable addi- tion to Mustard and Cress early in spring. The seeds should be sown in a warm border, early in February, and again in March and April, for successive crops. Thin the plants after they have produced the first rough leaves, to 3 or 4 inches apart, and keep them clear of weeds. If a supply is desired throughout the year, monthly sowings may be made. They will produce abundance of seed in August : for this purpose allow a 254 CRUCIFER^E. LXXXVII. ERUCA. LXXXVIII. VELLA. LXXXIX. BOLECM. XC. CARRICHTERA. XCI. SUCCOWIA." few of the strongest plants of the spring sowing to come into flower. Any of the above varieties will answer. Garden, or Cultivated Rocket. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1573. PI. rambling, either erect or prostrate, from .J. to 2 feet high. 2 E. HISPIDA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 638.) leaves lyrately-pinnate- parted, with toothed lobes, of which the terminal one is very blunt ; stem hispid ; pedicels longer than the deciduous calyx. O- H. Native of Naples, in the fields of Lucania. Brassica hispida, Tenor, cat. app. hort. nap. p. 59. Stem beset with long, stiff, spreading hairs. Flowers white, veined with brown. Hispid Garden Rocket. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. PI. •| to 1 foot. 3 E. VESICA'RIA (Cav. ex Lag. D. C. syst. 2. p. 638.) leaves pinnatifid, with acute almost entire lobes ; stem hairy ; calyx permanent, somewhat bladdery. O- H. Native of Spain, in corn-fields, and on the tops of the mountains of Leon. The leaves are more elongated than in E, saliva, and the terminal lobe is hardly larger than the lateral ones. Var. a, albtflbra (D. C. 1. c.) flowers white, lined with black. Brassica vesicaria, Asso. syn. arrag. 88. t. 4. Native of Syria, about Aleppo, and of Spain, in Arragon. Var. ft, flaviflbra (D. C. 1. c.) flowers yellow, lined with black. Brassica vesicaria, Lin. spec. 933. Native nearly throughout the whole of Spain, in corn-fields. Bladdery-calyxed Garden Rocket. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. £ to 1 foot. Cult. The seeds of these plants only require to be sown in the open border, and the plants afterwards treated as other hardy annuals. Tribe XIII. VE'LLE^E (plants agreeing with V'ella in important cha- racters) or ORTHOPLO'CEjE (see sub-order III.) LATI- SE'PT^E (from latus, broad, and septum, a partition ; dissepi- ment broad,) D. C. syst. 2. p. 639. prod. 1. p. 223. Silicle with concave valves opening longitudinally, and with an ellip- tical dissepiment (f. 47. c.). Seeds globose. Cotyledons folded together (f. 45. j./.). LXXXVIII. VE'LLA (latinized from Velar, the Celtic name of the Cress.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 639. prod. 1. p. 223. Veils, spe. Lin. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculbsa. Larger stamens con- nate. Style ovate, tongue-shaped, flat, at the end of the silicic. An erect branched hispid shrub. Leaves alternate, obovate, entire, rough with hairs. Racemes erect, elongated ; pedicels very short, lower ones generally bracteate, the rest naked. Flowers yellow, and are as well as the pods erect. 1 V. PSEUDOCY'TISVJS (Lin. spec. 895.) f? . F. Native of Spain on gypsaceous hills about Aranjuez, Lam. ill. 555. f. 2. Cav. icon. 1. p. 32. t. 42. Vella integrifolia, Sal. prod. 265. — Lob. obs. 505. f. 1. icon. 2. p. 49. f. 1. I. Bauh. hist. 1. p. 374. f. 2. Petals yellow, with long dark purple claws. Larger stamens perfectly connate by pairs. Seeds 2 in each cell. False-Cytisus or Cress-rocket. FL April, May. Clt. 1759. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. Cult. This shrub, although generally kept as a green-house plant, is hardy enough to live through the winter in a dry warm south border. Young cuttings will strike root if planted in sand, under a hand-glass. LXXXIX. BO'LEUM (from /3wXof, bolos, a bowl ; in allu- sion to the form of the valves of the pods,?) Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 163. t. 26. D. C. syst. 2. p. 640. prod. 1. p. 223. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculosa. Larger stamens con- nate by pairs. Style slender, beak-shaped, somewhat conical at the end of the silicle. A suffruticose, erect, branched plant, hispid from stiff hairs. Leaves alternate, oblong, linear ; lower ones somewhat divided. Racemes erect, elongated ; pedicels very short, lower ones bracteate. Flowers yellow, and are as well as the pods erect. Perhaps not sufficiently distinct from vella, 1 B. A'SPERUM (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 163 and 175. t. 6.) Tj . H. Native of Spain in rugged places ; in Arragon between Villa Franca and Lerida ; in Granada on mount Sierra-Nevada. Vella aspera, Pers. ench. 2. p. 185. Stems twisted. Petals cream-coloured or whitish. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell. Rough Boleum. Fl. April, May. PL -| to 1 foot. Cult. This pretty little shrub will answer well for ornament- ing rock-work. Cuttings will root freely if planted under a hand-glass, but if it ripen seed freely, this will be unnecessary. XC. CARRICHTE'RA (probably without meaning.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 641. prod. 1. p. 224. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculosa. Stamens all free. Style ovate, flat, leafy (f. 47. c.). An annual erect, branched, smooth, or somewhat hairy herb. Stems round. Leaves pinnate-parted, with linear toothed or deeply pinnatifid lobes. Racemes opposite the leaves, erect, elongated ; pedicels bractless, filiform. Flowers small, cream-coloured, streaked with purple. Pods pendulous from the inflexed pedicels. 1 C. VE'LM; (D. C. syst. 2. p. 642.) 0. H. Native in sandy and waste fields, and along way and wall sides, in Spain, Balearic Islands, Mauritania, Sicily, Greece, and Syria. It is also said to have been found in England on Salisbury plains near Stonehenge, but it has never been met with since. Vella annua, Lin. spec. 895. Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 886. t. 141. Lam. ill. t. 555. f. 1. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1442. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1759. t. 178. Seeds 4 in each cell. M. De Candolle remarks, that the seeds become covered with a glutinous exudation on being immersed in warm water. The whole herb is acrid and pungent to the taste. Annual CYe&s-rocket. Fl. Feb. March in gardens. Ju. July. Britain. PL i foot. Cult. The seeds of this plant only require to be sown in the open ground or on rock-work. A light sandy soil suits it best. XCI. SUCCOVWI A (in honour of Professor Suckow, a bota- nist of Heidelberg.) Medik. gen. pi. 1. p. 64. t. 1. f. 9. D. C. syst. 2. p. 642. prod. 1. p. 224. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculosa. Stamens all free. Style slender, conical. Valves of silicle echinated. An annual erect, branched, smooth herb. Stems round. Leaves pinnate-parted, with linear-toothed or cut lobes. Racemes opposite the leaves, erect, elongated ; pedicels bractless, filiform. Flowers yellow- Pods erect. Seeds solitary in the cells. 1 S. BALEA'RICA (Medik. in Ust. new. ann. 1. p. 41.) Q. H. Native of the Balearic Islands, Teneriffe, also in Sicily about Palermo. Bunias Balearica, Lin. mant. 429. Jacq. vind. 144. Gouan. ill. 45. t. 20. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1919. t. 189. Myagrum Balearicum, Lam. diet. 1. p. 571. Biscutella Balea- rica, Lher. diss. cak. ined. p. 10. Seeds pendulous, globose, somewhat spotted, solitary in each cell. Balearic Succowia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1781. PL •£ foot. Cult. The seeds of this pretty little annual only require to be sown in the open ground or on rock-work. A light sandy soil suits it best. XCII. SAVI'GNYA (in honour of M. Savigny, a profound entymologist, and who also collected numerous plants in Egypt.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 283. prod. 1. p. 157. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculosa. Silicle sessile, ellip- tical, with flat valves. Funicles short, free. Calyx equal at the 1 CRUCIFEILE. XCII. SAVIGNYA. XCIII. SCHOUWIA. XCIV. PSYCHINE. XCV. ZILLA. XCVI. MURICARIA. 255 base. Stamens free. Style short, tetragonal. Seeds numerous, very much compressed, with broad margins. An annual smooth branched herb, with oval bluntly-toothed radical leaves, which are narrowed out into the petiole, and narrow entire stem ones. Racemes opposite the leaves. Flowers small, pale-violet. 1 S. .fliGYPTfACA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 283.) Q. H. Native of Egypt in the sand about the Saqqarah Pyramids. Lunaria parviflora, Delile, ill. fl. aegyp. p. 19. desc. 104. t. 35. f. 3. Farsetia parvifl6ra, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 871. Root perpendi- cular. Petals entire. Egyptian Savignya. Fl. in its native country in the winter. Cult. This pretty little annual is well adapted for ornament- ing rock-work, where the seeds should be sown, or they may be sown in the open border in a light sandy soil. Tribe XIV. PSYCHI'NE^! (plants agreeing with Psycliine in many im- portant characters,) or ORTHOPLO'CEjE (see sub-order III.) ANGUSTISE'PTJJ (angustus, narrow, and septum, a parti- tion ; dissepiment narrow.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 643. prod. 1. p. 224. Silicic with keeled (f. 47. j.} or navicular valves, and with a very narrow dissepiment. Seeds compressed. Cotyledons folded together (f. 45.f.j.). A very distinct tribe, bearing fruit almost like those of Thlaspi, Capsella, or /Ethionema, and with flowers and cotyledons like Brdssica. XCIII. SCHO'UWIA (in honour of J. Fred. Schouw, a Danish botanist.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 643. prod. 1. p. 224. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculosa. Silicic oval ; valves with a narrow wing running through the whole length of the back. A branched, annual, smooth herb. Leaves and flowers almost like those of Moricandia arvensis. Silicles like those of Thlaspi. Style and seeds like those of Psycliine. 1 S. ARABICA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 644.) O- H. Native of Arabia Felix, on argillaceous humid mountains near Mor. Su- bularia purpiirea, Forsk. fl. aegyp.-arab. p. 117. Psycliine Arabica, Spreng. syst: 2. p. 880. Thlaspi Arabicum, Vahl. symb. 2. p. 76. Flowers rose-purplish, at first corymbose, but at length racemose. Leaves referable to those of Moricandia arvensis, Arabian Schouwia. Fl. ? PI. 3 to £ foot. Cult, The seed of this pretty annual will only require to be sown in the open ground. A light, sandy, moist soil will suit it best. XCIV. PSYCHI'NE (from ^M, psyche, a butterfly ; be- cause of the pods being furnished with wings like the butterfly.) Desf. atl. 2. p. 69. t. 148. D. C. syst. 2. p. 645. prod. 1. p. 224. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculosa. Silicle triangular, nar- rowed at the base, with the valves winged on the back, at the end (f. 47. j.). An annual, hispid, branched herb. Leaves ob- long or obovate, toothed ; cauline ones alternate, cordate, stem- clasping, with auricles ; radical ones narrowed into the stalk. Ra- cemes opposite the leaves, elongated. Bracteas leafy, situated under the pedicels. Flowers white, with dark veins. 1 P. STYLOSA (Desf. atl. 2. p. 69. t. 148.) O- H. Native of Mauritania, near Mayane, on the edges of fields. Thlaspi Psycliine, Willd. spec. 3. p. 443. P. Numidica, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 880. — Shaw.specim.no. 91. icon. Pods large, 3 lines long without the style, and 7 or 8 lines broad. Long-styled Psychine. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1822. PL 1 foot. Cult. This curious annual only requires to be sown in the open border. A light, sandy soil suits it best. Tribe XV. Zl'LLElE (plants agreeing with Zllla in important charac- ters,) or ORTHOPLO'CEjE (See Sub-Order III.) NUCA- MENTAVCE/E (nucamentum, a catkin ; shape of pods.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 646. prod. 1. p. 224. Silicle indehiscent, ovate, or globose, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded (f. 47. «.), with indistinct valves (f. 47. i.). Seeds globose. Cotyledons folded together, (f. 45. f.j.) XCV. ZI'LLA (the Arabic name of the plant) Forsk. desc. 121. D. C. syst. 2. p. 646. prod. 1. p. 224. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculosa, Silicle 2-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. A smooth, somewhat glaucous plant ; at length be- coming suffruticose, much branched ; branches whitish ; younger ones leafy; older ones leafless, stiff, divaricate, spinescent. Leaves few, oblong, toothed. Racemes few-flowered, spinescent at the apex. Pedicels filiform, short, bractless. Flowers dis- tant, violaceous, almost like those of Moricandia arvensis. 1 Z. MYAGROIDES (Forsk. aegyp. descr. 121. no. 74 and 75. icon. t. 17. A.) Tj . F. or H. Native of Egypt, in the deserts. Var. a, macroctirpa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 646.) pods smooth. Bftnias spinosa, Lin. mant. 96. Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 290. t. 142. f. 2. Vent. hort. malm. t. 16. Myagrum spinosum, Lam. diet. 1. p. 570.no. 13. Native of Lower Egypt, about Cairo. Var. /3, mkrocdrpa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 647.) pods with rough ribs. Native of Upper Egypt. Perhaps a proper species. The leaves of this plant are boiled and eaten by the Arabs, like those of Cabbage. Myagrum-like Zilla. Fl. March. Clt. 1816. PL 2 feet. Cult. This is rather a curious plant, and although it is always treated as a frame shrub, it is nevertheless hardy enough to stand the winter in a dry, warm, south border. A light, dry, sandy soil suits it best. It may be either increased by young cuttings planted in sand under a hand-glass, or by seeds. XCVI. MURICA'RIA (from muricalus, full of prickles ; pods beset with prickles.) Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 159. t. 25. f. 2. D. C. syst. 2. p. 647, prod. 1. p. 225. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculosa. Silicle 1-celled, 1- seeded, beset with prickles (f. 47. »'.). Seed inserted laterally. Petals equal. A procumbent, many-stemmed herb. Leaves pinnate-lobed, alternate. Racemes opposite the leaves or ter- minal. Flowers white. 1 M. FROSTRA'TA (Desv. journ. 1. c.) O- H. Native of the north of Africa, in sandy places, and in the kingdom of Tunis, near Cafsa. Bunias prostrata, Desf. atl. 2. p. 76. t. 150. My- agrum prostriltum, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 48. Laelia prostrata, Pers. ench. 2. p. 185. Calepina prostrata, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 850. Petals double the length of calyx. Style very short and thickish. Trailing Muricaria. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1821. PL } to 1J foot. Cult. This plant is not worth cultivating, except in botanic gardens. The seeds only require to be sown in the open ground. A light sandy soil suits it best. XCVII. CALEPFNA (meaning unknown.) Adans, fam. 2. p. 423. D. C. syst. 2. p. 648. prod. 1. p. 225. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculosa. Silicle almost glo- bose, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded. Seed pendulous from the top of the pod. Outer petals somewhat larger than the inner ones. Co- tyledons incumbent, curved, truncate, somewhat folded together, with inflexed margins. A smooth, erect, annual herb. Radical leaves rosulate, on short stalks, pinnate-parted; lower lobes small, 2 or 3 on each side, terminal one large, oblong, or orbi- cular, blunt ; cauline leaves sessile, oblong, entire, sagittate with acute auricles. Racemes opposite the leaves, elongated ; pedicels bractless, filiform. Flowers white. 256 CRUCIFER.E. XCVII. CALEPINA. XCVIII. CRAMBE. 1 C. CORVINI (Desv. journ. hot. 3. p. 158.) 0. H. Native of sandy fields and vineyards, in Arragon, south of France, Italy, Hungary, and Tauria. Bunias cochlearioldes, Murr. nov. comm. goett. 1. 1777. p. 42. t. 3. Waldst. et. Kit. hung. 2. p. 111. t. 107. Myagrum irregulare, Asso. Myagrum rugosum, Vill. Myagrum perfoliatum, ft, Lam. Crambe Corvini, All. My- agrum erucaefolium, Vill. dauph. Rapistrum bursaefolium, Berg. phyt. Cochlearia auriculata, Lam. diet. Crambe am- plexicaulis, Russel. Myagrum burssefolium, Thuil. Crambe bursaefolia, Lher. Laelia cochlearioides, Pers. ench. 2. p. 185. Var. fi, Myagrum iberoides (Brot. phyt. no. 43. p. 95. t. 42.) Native of Portugal. Corvin's Calepina. Fl. Apr. June. Clt. 1816. PL 1 foot. Cult. A rather curious annual plant. The seeds only require to be sown in the open border. A dry, sandy soil will suit it best. Tribe XVI. RAPH A'NE^E (plants agreeing with Raphanus in many im- portant characters,) or ORTHOPLO'CEjE (See Sub-Order II I.) LOMENTA'CEjE (lomentum, aloment; shape of pods.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 649. prod. 1. p. 225. Silicic or silique dividing across into one or few-seeded joints or cells (f. 47. k. m.). Seeds glo- bose. Cotyledons folded together (f. 47. _;._/.). XCVIII. CRA'MBE (from K?afi3r,, the Greek name of Sea- kale, or Sea-cabbage, which is derived from Kpa/tftos, dry ; be- cause the plants usually grow in sand.) Tourn. inst. 211. t. 100. — Gsert. fruct. 2. p. 292. t. 142. Lin. gen. no. 825. D. C. syst. 2. p. 650. prod. 1. p. 225. LIN. SYST. Tetradyndmia, Siliculbsa. Silicle 2-jointed. Lower joint abortive, upper one globose, 1-seeded (f. 47. h.). Cotyledons thick, somewhat foliaceous, profoundly emarginate. Herbs or sub- shrubs. Leaves sometimes thick, sometimes membranous, hairy or smooth ; cauline ones alternate, stalked, pinnately-toothed, cut, pinnatifid or lyrate. Racemes elongated, many-flowered, disposed into lax panicles ; pedicels filiform, erect, bractless. Flowers white, smelling like honey. SECT. I. SAKCOCRA'MBE (from ], crambe, Sea-kale ; because of the plants being shrubby.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 656. prod. 1. p. 226. Lower joint of silicic short, filiform. Stigma seated upon a short style. Stems shrubby. 13 C. FRUTICOSA (Lin. fil. suppl. 299.) longer filaments toothed on one side ; pods mucronate with the style ; leaves fyrately-pinnatifid, toothed, hoary ; stem shrubby. Ij • G. Na- tive of Madeira on the highest rocks near Pico de Ranxo. D. C. syst. 2. p. 656. A small stiff hoary shrub. Shrubby Sea-kale. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1777. Sh. 2 feet. 14 C; STRIGOSA (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 151. t. 72.) filaments tooth- less ; pods mucronate ; leaves ovate, toothed, unequal and some- what auricled at the base, and are hispid, as well as shrubby stem. T; . G. Native of Canary Islands ; inTeneriffe in humid places. Myagrum arborescens, Jacq. coll. 1. p. 39. icon. rar. t. 120. C. fruticosa, Murr. syst. veg. 498. exclusive of synonym of Lin. fil. C scabra, Lam. diet. 2. p. 163. Var. ft, glabrata (D. C. syst. 2. p. 657.) leaves almost smooth, with a few scaly dots. Strigose Sea-kale. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1779. Sh. 1| foot. Cult. The hardy perennial species may be either increased by dividing at the roots or by seeds, but the latter mode is pre- ferable ; they will grow in any kind of soil, but those species used for culinary purposes should be grown in a rich light soil. The annual and biennial kinds only require to be sown in the open ground. The shrubby green-house kinds may either be increased by seeds or by cuttings, which should be planted under a hand-glass. A mixtureof sand, loam, andpeat, suits these last well. XCIX. RAPI'STRUM (rapa, the rape; resemblance.) Boerh. ludg. 406. D. C. syst. 2. p. 430. prod. 1. p. 227. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia , Siliqubsa. Silicic 2-jointed ; lower joint ovate, rough, with a solitary seed in each cell, the seed in the upper joint erect, that in the lower one pendu- lous. Cotyledons oblong, folded together. Annual or peren- nial, branched, pubescent or villous herbs. Leaves not fleshy, lower ones stalked, pinnatifid or somewhat lyrate ; upper ones oblong toothed. Racemes elongated, somewhat panicled ; pedi- cels filiform, strictly erect. Flowers yellow. 1 R. PERE'NNE (Berg. phyt. icon. Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 160.) pods smooth, upper joint ovate, longer than the style; leaves pinnatifid ; lobes deeply-toothed, acute. 7/ . H. Native of fields in the east of France, Switzerland, Piedmont, Germany, Austria, and Transylvania. Myagrum perenne, Lin. spec. 893. Jacq. aust. t. 414. Rapistrum diffusum, Crantz. cruc. p. 105. Myagrum biarticulatum, Crantz. aust. p. 6. Myagrum perenne var. a, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 482. Schranckia divaricata, Mcench. suppl. 86. Cakile perennis, Lher. diss. cak. ined. p. 6. Bu- nias perennis, Smith, prod. fl. graec. 2. p. 2. Stem diffusely branched, somewhat hispid at the base. Flowers small. Perennial Rapistrum. Fl. July. Clt. 1789. PI. 1 to 1^ foot. 2 R. RUGO'SUM (Berg. phyt. 3. p. 171. icone. All. ped. no. 940. t. 78.) pods pubescent ; upper joint globose, rough, shorter than the style ; leaves blunt, toothed, radical ones some- what lyrate. O- H. Native throughout middle and south Europe in cultivated fields and sandy places. Myagrum rugo- sum, Lin. spec. 893. Myagrum perenne, Scop. earn. ed. 2. no. 795. Schranckia rugosa, Medik. in Ust. new. ann. 2. p. 39. Cakile rugosa, Lher. diss. cak. ined. p. 7. Flowers a little smaller than those of R. perenne, of a deep yellow. Var. ft, stylosum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 432.) leaves almost all ra- dical, cauline ones very few and very small ; pods villose, with a long style, and with the lower joint often abortive. Cakile rugosa, var. stylosa. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 598. Native of Occitania and the south of Provence. Far. y, venbsum (D. C. syst. 1. c.) younger pods villose, adult ones smooth, upper joint much wrinkled and furrowed, lower one very rarely abortive. Myagrum venosum, Pers. ench. 2. p. 183. Native about Tolosa and Genoa. Wrinkled-podded Rapistrum. Fl. April, July. PI. 1 foot. •f Species not sufficiently known. 3 Rt ORIENTA'LE (D. C. syst. 2. p. 433.) pods furrowed, smooth ; leaves oblong, toothed, sinuate. O. H. Native of the Levant. In Melos in corn-fields, also in Crete. Myagrum orientale, Lin. spec. 893. Schranckia sulcata, Mcench. suppl. 87. Cakile orientalis, Lher. diss. cak. ined. p. 7. Bunias ra- phanifolia, Smith, fl. grsec. t. 612. Leaves scabrous. Oriental Rapistrum. Fl. July. Clt. 1795. PL 1 foot. 4 R. CLAVA'TDM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 433.) pods smooth, upper joint globose, rough, bearing the style, lower one smooth, some- what cylindrical, longer than the pedicel. Q. H. Native of Syria and near Tripoli. Cakile clavata, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 852. The whole plant smooth. Lower leaves hastate. Clubbed-podded Rapistrum. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 5 R. COSTAVTUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 434.) pods smooth, upper joint ovate, ribbed, ending in a conical acumen, lower one smooth, obconical, somewhat shorter than the pedicel. 3£? O? H. Native of the Levant at Tyra. Myagrum rugosum ft, Bieb. fl. taur. 86. ? Myagrum perenne, Stev. in litt. Perhaps R. orientale. Style conical, thick, short Ribbed-podded Rapistrum. Fl. June, July. PL 1 foot. Cult. These plants are not worth cultivating except in bota- nical gardens. The perennial species may be either increased by dividing the plants at the root or by seeds. The seeds of the annual kinds only require to be sown in the open ground. C. DIDE'SMUS (from Sis, dis, twice, and deait>o/j.ai, phainomai, to appear, because of the rapid germination of the seeds). Lin. gen. no. 1098. D. C. syst. 2. p. 662. prod. 1. p. 228. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliquosa. Silique transversely many-celled, or breaking ofF into several joints (f. 47. m.}. Seeds globose, pendulous, in one row. Cotyledons thickish, folded together. Erect, branched, smooth, or somewhat hispid herbs, with round divaricating stems. Roots perpendicular, sim- ple, more or less fleshy, with an acrid taste, when young furnished with a 2-valved Coleorhiza at the tip. Lower leaves stalked, lyrate. Racemes opposite the leaves and terminal, elongated ; pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers yellow, white, or purplish, sometimes veined. The English name Radish is derived from radix, a root. SECT. I. RA'PHANUS (see genus). D. C. syst. 2. p. 663. prod. 1. p. 228. Silique spongy, 2-celled. 1 R. SATI'VUS (Lin. spec. 935.) pods terete, torose, pointed, scarcely longer than the pedicel. ©• H. Native of China, Japan and Western Asia by way-sides, Lam. ill. 566. Flowers at first red-violet, when old whitish. There are numerous va- rieties of this plant cultivated in gardens. Cultivated Radish. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1548. PI. 3 feet. In Italy the Radish is called Ramolaccio or Ravanello, in France they are called Rabiole, Raviole, Rave, or Radis. " A. RADI'CULA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 663.) root more or less fleshy, white, rose, or red-coloured. R. radicula, Pers. ench. 2. p. 208. The varieties of this plant are commonly called Summer, or Turnip-radishes. Far. a. rotunda (D. C. syst. 1. c.) root somewhat globose. R. rotundus, Mill. diet. no. 2. This plant varies much in the color of its root. We shall now add the different varieties of the Turnip-radish from Hort. trans, vol. 3. p. 441 to 446. 1 The early white Turnip-radish of the Dutch. Radis blanc hdtif of the French. The flesh is clear and white. This radish from its superior merit ought to be introduced into every garden. 2 The small early white Turnip-radish or Radis blanc petit hdtif of the French. The root of this is rather pear-shaped, with a slight tinge of purple on its top. It is rather earlier than the preceding kind. This is probably the Raphanus rotundus of Mill. diet. no. 2. 3 The pink, rose-coloured, scarlet, and crimson Turnip-radishes are all one sort. Radii rouge or Radis rose rond of the French. This variety was introduced into England from France about 1802. The root, externally, is a fine deep scarlet; and internally white. It comes in with the common white Turnip-radish. The flesh is mild and good. 4 The rose-coloured Turnip-radish or Radis rose rond hdtif of the French. The root is both externally and internally rose- coloured, usually pear-shaped, but sometimes it lengthens out to the appearance of a long-rooted radish. It is sometimes to be found under the name of early scarlet Turnip-radish. 5 The purple Turnip-radish or Radis violet rond of the French. The external colour is a fine purple. The flesh is sometimes white and sometimes stained with purple. The Dutch call it early red Turnip-radish. This is a very good Radish, but not common in our gardens. This is an autumn Radish. 6 The Yellow Turnip-radish or Radis jaune of the French. The root is more ovate than round, somewhat inclining to pear- shaped, of a pale brown colour and rather rough. The flesh is white and firm. It is a good Radish, but is rather later than the other early sorts. Var. ft, oblonga (D. C. syst. 1. c.)root long, fleshy. R. sativus, Mill. diet. no. 1. — Weinm. phyt. t. 860. f. a. Roots varying in colour. For the under-mentioned varieties, see Hort. trans, vol. CRUCIFERjE. CII. RAPHANUS. 261 3. p. 438 to 441 . The varieties are called Long-rooted or Spring .Radishes. 1 Long white Radish, white transparent, or white Italian or Naples Radish. This is the oldest variety mentioned in our gardens, and is called by Gerard the Radicula sativa minor. It is a week later of coming to perfection than those sorts com- monly grown ; it is very mild, and has a delicate pleasant flavour. The root is white ; the flesh is transparent when young, but becomes more opaque as the root enlarges. This is the La Rave blanche of the Bon Jardinier. 2 White Russian Radish. The root is long and white. Its flesh is not transparent, and it is much hotter to the taste than the preceding variety. It remains good even when large, and is not fit for use until a week later than the other long radishes. 3 Twisted long white Radish or Rave tortillee du Mans of the French. The root grows long and does not taper much. A considerable part of it grows above ground, from whence it does not rise straight, but is bent or twisted, the exposed part of the root is tinged with green. The flesh is white and firm with- out heat, and insipid. The footstalks of the leaves are tinged with purple. The root is slow in coming to perfection, and may be considered a pleasant variety for use in the latter part of the year. It is not destroyed by frost. 4 Scarlet Radish, Salmon Radish or Rave rose of the French. Scarlet transparent Radish of the Dutch. The root is of a brilliant pink colour, and when young is full an inch above the ground. The flesh is transparent and colourless. This is the kind cultivated not only most frequently, but almost exclusively, within the last 30 years, especially for the supply of the London market. The Short-top Scarlet and Early Frame Scarlet Radish are sub-varieties of this plant. Perhaps the Rave corail, the Rave petite hdtive and the Rave couleur de rose or La Rave saummonee of the Bon Jardinier are also sub-varieties. 5 Purple Radish, or Rave longite rouge of the French, though formerly much used, has been of late driven out of our gardens by the universal preference given to the Scarlet Radish. It is the Long red transparent Radish of the Dutch, and it was formerly called the Short-top Radish. The seed-leaves being large has caused it to be used exclusively for small salading. The root grows high out of the ground, and is externally of a deep purple colour ; the flesh is white. It is a very early sort, equally as good in flavour as the scarlet Radish and perhaps pre- ferable for forcing. 6 Red-necked Radish or Rave blanche a collier rouge of the French. The upper part of the root is dark purple, and the lower part white. It is a good flavoured radish, but is more remarkable for its singularity than peculiar excellence. Far. y, oleifera (D. C. syst. 2. 664.) root slender, elongated, scarcely fleshy. R. Chinensis, Mill. diet. no. 5. This variety is cultivated in China for an oil, which is obtained from the seeds by expression. * * B. NIGER (D.C. syst. 2. p. 665.) root with compact hardish flesh, which possesses a very sharp taste. The varieties of this plant are commonly called Winter-radishes. Var. a, vulgaris (D. C. syst. 1. c.) root oblong, with black or violet skin, and white flesh. Raphanus niger, Lob. icon. 202. f. 1. Herat, fl. par. 265. — Mor. oxon. 2. p. 265. no. 2. sect. 3. t. 13. f. 2. — Weinm phyt. t. 860. f. c. The following varieties are enumerated in the Hort. trans, vol. 4. p. 13. 1 Black Spanish Radish, or Le Radis gros noir d'hiver, or Le Radis Raifort, of the French. Root very large, externally black, and regularly pear-shaped. The flesh is hot, firm, and white. 2 Large purple winter Radish, or Le Radis gros violet d'hiver of the French, is a beautiful variety in shape and character. It much resembles the preceding variety ; but the outside, when cleaned, is of a beautiful purple colour, though it looks black when first drawn out of the earth. Var. ft, rotundus (D. C. syst. 2. p. 665.) root roundish, with black skin and white flesh. — Mor. oxon. 2. p. 265. no. 1. sect. 3. t. 13. f. 1. — Weinm. phyt. t. 860. f. b. It is perhaps only a variety of the common Black Spanish Radish, and therefore may be properly called the Round Black Spanish Radish. Var. y, griseus (D. C. syst. 1. c.) root with a grey skin. For the following varieties of this plant, see Hort. trans, vol.4, p. 12 and 13. 1 Round brown Radish, or Radis gris rond of the French. The root may be called round, though it is rather irregular in its shape. When allowed to grow large it becomes hollow ; and it therefore should be used when young. The flesh is mild, rather soft, of a greenish white colour ; the skin is mottled with greenish brown. This is an autumn Radish. 2 Oblong brown Radish, or Radis gris oblong of the French. Root pear-shaped. It does not grow particularly large, and is hardier than any of the other winter Radishes, and therefore fit for late use. The flesh is hot, firm, hard, and white. The skin is rough and brown, marked with white circles. Var. S, albus (D. C. syst. 1. c.) root of a depressed roundish form ; white, both externally and internally. R. orbicularis, Mill. diet. no. 3. This is called the White Spanish Radish, Le Radis gros blanc d'Augsb:,urg of the French. The root is rather oval, and grows to a large size. The flesh is rather hot, firm, solid, and white. The skin is white tinged with green, and streaked with purple on the part which is exposed above ground. Cult. Radishes are all of easy cultivation. They are sown at various times of the year, according to the time they are de- signed for use. Those intended to come in early in the spring are generally sown in October, on a warm border : the long- rooted kinds are preferred for this purpose. The Turnip-radishes are generally sown in spring or summer, to come in after the long-rooted kinds. These all force well on hot-beds, or dung- beds covered with mats. The winter Radishes should be sown in July ; and those intended for winter use should be taken up in dry weather, in November, be divested of their leaves and fibres, and preserved in sand until they are wanted. Formerly the leaves of the Radish were boiled and eaten, but now the roots are chiefly employed. These are eaten raw in spring, summer, autumn and winter. The young seedling leaves are often used with Cress and Mustard, as small sallad ; and Radish seed-pods, when of plump growth, but still young and green, are used to increase the variety of vegetable pickles, and are considered a tolerable substitute for capers. " The spindle-rooted kinds are cultivated in the largest pro- portion for the first crops. The small turnip-rooted sorts may be sown in spring as secondary crops, and in summer and autumn for more considerable supplies. The winter sorts have a coarser flavour than the other kinds, but being of a hardy nature, are frequently sown ; they are sliced in salads, or occasionally eaten alone, with salt, vinegar, and other condiments." " The soil should be light and mellow, well broken by dig- ging. For sowing between the middle of October and the mid- dle of February, let the site be a dry sheltered border, open to the full sun. From the middle of February to the end of March, any dry, open compartment will be suitable. As spring and summer advance, allot cooler and shaded situations. A scattering of the smaller growing sorts may be sown among some broad- cast crops of larger growth, such as Spinach, Lettuce, and Onions. It may be also drilled between wide rows of beans, or on ground intended to be sown with a late spring-crop." The crops raised between the middle of October and middle of February, are usually confined to the spindle-rooted kinds. Of the early short-top-scarlet, a first small sowing may be made 262 CRUCIFERJE. CII. RAPIIANUS. at the end of October, another in November, and another in the last fortnight of December, if open temperate weather ; respec- tively to stand over the winter ; but make the principal early sowings in January, or the beginning of February. From this time sow every fortnight or ten days, in full succession crops, till the end of May, as well the white and red small turnip- rooted, as the autumn sorts. The winter sorts are sometimes raised at the beginning of summer ; but the fittest season to sow them is from the end of June to the end of August ; that is in July for use in autumn, and in August to provide a supply throughout the winter. Sow each sort separately, and for a bed four feet six inches by twelve feet, two ounces of seed will be required of the spring sorts, and an ounce and a half for the summer, winter, and au- tumn varieties. All the kinds may be either sown broad-cast or in drills, but the latter is preferable, as allowing the roots to be drawn regularly with less waste. If sown broad-cast, it is a good method to make beds four or five feet wide, with alleys be- tween a foot wide, the earth of which may be used to raise the beds or not, as the season may make it desirable to keep the beds dry or moist. Avoid sowing excessively thick, as it tends to make the tops run, and the roots stringy. Rake in the seed well, full half an inch deep, leaving none on the surface to attract the birds. If you trace drills, let them be for the spindle- rooted kinds, half an inch deep, and about two inches and a half asunder ; for the small turnip-rooted kinds, three quarters of an inch deep, and four or five inches asunder, and for the black turnip or Spanish six or eight inches asunder, because the root grows to the size of a middle-sized turnip. As the plants ad- vance in growth, thin them, so as to leave the spindle-rooted kinds two inches square distance, and the other sorts three, four, or five, leaving the most space to the respective sorts in free, growing weather ; water pretty frequently, this swells the roots and makes them mild and crisp. The crops sown between the end of October and the end of February, besides being favoured in situation, will want oc- casional shelter according to the weather. On the first approach of frost, whether the seed is just sown, or the plants have ap- peared, cover the ground, either with clean straw, dry long haulm, or dried fern, two or three inches thick, or with mats supported with short stout pegs. The covering will keep off the birds, and by its warm effect on the mould, forward the germination of the seed. The time for removing or restoring it must be regulated by the weather ; as the plants should be exposed to the full air whenever it can be safely done. If the season be cold without frost, take off the covering every morn- ing, and put it on towards evening, and if the weather be sharp and frosty, let it remain on night and day, till the plants have advanced into the first rough leaves, and afterwards occasionally till the atmosphere is settled and temperate. Replace it con- stantly at night till there is no danger of much frost happening, then wholly discontinue the covering. Radish seed-pods should be taken for pickling when of plump growth, in July and August, when still young and green. Abercrombie says " to obtain the earliest spring Radishes, sow on a hot-bed of dung or leaves some Early Dwarf Short Tops, in December, January, or the beginning of February. Having made a hot-bed two feet, or two and a half feet high of dung, place on a frame ; earth the bed at top six inches deep ; sow on the surface, covering the seed with fine mould about half an inch thick, and put on the glasses. When the plants have come up, admit air every day, in mild, or tolerably good weather, by tilting the upper end of the lights, or sometimes the front, one, two, or three inches, that the Radishes may not draw up weak and long- shanked. If they have risen very thick, thin them, when young, moderately at first, to one or two inches apart. Be careful to cover the frame at night with garden-mats or straw litter. Give gentle waterings about noon in sunny days. If the heat of the bed declines much, apply a moderate lining of warm dung or stable litter to the sides, which by gently renewing the heat will forward the Radishes for drawing in February and March. Re- member, as the plants advance in growth, to give more copious admissions of air daily ; either by tilting the lights several inches in front, or, in fine mild days, by drawing the glasses mostly off; but be careful to draw them on again in proper time. Small Turnip-rooted Radishes, or the white and red kinds, may be forced in the same manner. For raising early Radishes on ground not accommodated with frames, a hot-bed made in Febru- ary may be arched over with hoop-bends, or pliant rods, which should be covered with mats constantly at night, and during the day in very cold weather. In moderate days turn up the mats at the warmest side ; and on fine mild days take them off alto- gether." " For seed transplant a sufficiency of the finest plants in April or May, when the main crops are in full perfection. Draw them for transplanting in moist weather, selecting the straightest, best- coloured roots, with the shortest tops, preserving the leaves to each ; plant them by dibble, in rows, two feet and a half distant, inserting each root wholly into the ground, down to the leaves. Keep the kinds in separate situations to prevent the commixture of the pollen, and to preserve the kinds distinct. With proper watering they will soon strike fresh root, and shoot up in branchy stalks ; producing plenty of seed ; which will be ripe in Sep- tember or October. In transplanting for seed the turnip-rooted kinds, select those with the neatest-shaped roundest roots, of moderate growth, and with smallest tops ; they, as the other, will ripen seed in autumn. To obtain seed of the winter sorts, sow in spring to stand for seed ; or leave, or transplant in that season some of the winter standing full roots. As the different kinds ripen seed in autumn cut the stems, or gather the principal stems or branches of pods ; and place them in an open, airy situ- ation, towards the sun, that the pod, which is of a tough texture, may dry and become brittle, so as readily to break and give out the seed freely, whether it be threshed or rubbed out." 2 R. CAUDA'TUS (Lin. mant. 95. Lin. fil. dec. 1. t. 10.) pods depressed, acuminated, decumbent, longer than the whole plant. O- H. Native of Java. Root fusiform. Differing from the rest of this section in the pods being 1-celled, and from the section Raphanistrum, in the pods not being torulose, and from both by the calyx being bisaccate at the base, as well as the seeds being oblong, not round. The stems are purplish, with a glau- cous hue, at first they are erect, but at last they become pros- trate. Flowers the size of those of common Wallflower; pur- plish and veined. This plant is called in Java Mougri, where the pods are gathered and eaten as a condiment. Tailed-podded Radish. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1815. PI. 1 foot. SECT. II. RAPHANI'STRUM (altered from Raphanus.} D. C. syst. 2. p. 666. prod. 1. p. 229.— Gaert, fruct. 2. p. 300. t. 143. Silique terete, acuminated, having the form of a necklace (f. 47. m.) when mature, 1-celled ; joints 1-seeded. 3 R. ROSTRA TUS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 666.) pods 1-celled, 4 or 5-seeded, with striated joints, shorter than the subulate-conical style. O? H. Native of the north of Persia near Lenkeran. R. Raphanistrum var. Fisch. in lift. Flowers purplish. Beaked-podded Radish. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1828. PI. H foot. 4 R. RAPHANI'STRUM (Lin. spec. 953.) pods 1-celled, 3 to 8- seeded, jointed, longer than the style ; leaves simply lyrate. O- H. Native throughout the whole of Europe in corn-fields ; a troublesome weed, plentiful in Britain. Oed. fl. dan. t. 678. Curt, fl. lond. t. 267. Schkuhr. handb. no. 1911. t. 188. Smith, engl. bot. t. 856. R. sylvestris, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 495. Rapistrum CRUCIFER.E. CII. RAPIIANUS. CIII. BUNIAS. 263 arvense, All. ped. no. 942. Raphanistrum Lampsana, Gaert. fr. 2. p. 300. t. 143. f. 6. Raphanistrum innocuum, Medik. in Ust. new. ann. 2. p. 39. Durandea unilocularis, Delarb. fl. auv. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 365. Raphanus infestus, Sal. prod. 273. Raphanis- trum segetum, Baumg. fl. trans. 2. p. 280. Raphanus artieulatus, Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 482. White Charlock, Pet. hort. brit. t. 46. f. 10. Var. a, albiflora ; flowers white, more or less streaked, with dark veins. — Weinm. phyt. t. 862. f. a. Var. ft, purpurdscens ; flowers purplish. — Weinm. phyt. t. 862. f. b — Tab. icon. p. 407. Var. -y, flaviflbra ; flowers yellow. Tab. icon. p. 408. — J. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 844. icone. This variety at first sight is easily confounded with Wild Charlock, Sinapis arvensis, by its yellow flowers. The stems are rather glaucous. Linnaeus, in a dissertation in the Amoenitates Academicse in- forms us, that in wet seasons this weed abounds among barley in Sweden, and that being ground with the corn, the common peo- ple, who eat barley bread, are afflicted with convulsive com- plaints, or an epidemic spasmodic disease. M. Villars, however, remarks, that this weed is so common in some of the cold moist vallies of Dauphiny, that it must make great ravages there, if it were as dangerous as Linnaeus has represented it, and yet this spasmodic disorder is unknown in that country, nor has it ever been heard of in England, where it abounds. Kroker has proved the plant to he harmless, and recommends it as a nutritious food for domestic quadrupeds, and as very agreeable to bees. Wild-Radish or Jointed-podded Charlock. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. Ij to 2 feet. 5 R. ODESSA'NUS (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 855.) pods 1-celled, 8- angled, furrowed, equal in length with the compressed style ; leaves somewhat lyrate, alternately runcinate. O • H. Native about Odessa. Raphanistrum Odessanum, Andrz. and Bess. Odessa Radish. Fl. Ju. July. PI. 2 feet. 6 R. LA'NDRA (Moretti, fl. insubr. ined. D. C. syst. 2. p. 668.) pods 1-celled, jointed (f. 47. m.\ somewhat striated, 2-6-seeded, longer than the subulate style ; leaves interruptedly lyrate. $ . H. Native of Italy, Insubria, very common among wheat and rye. Flowers yellow. Deless. icon. sel. 2. p. 94. The radical leaves of this plant are prepared with oil, and eaten as a salad by the poor inhabitants of Insubria ; and is by them called Landra. Roots fusiform, yellowish. Landra Radish. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 7 R. MARITIMUS (Smith, eng. bot. t. 1643.) pods 1-celled, jointed, striated, 2-6-seeded ; style conical, shorter than the ultimate joint of the pod ; leaves interruptedly-lyrate. $ . H. Native of many parts of Europe by the sea side, Britain, in the Isle of Bute, on the sea beach, 3 miles from the Mull of Gal- loway ; in various parts of the coast of Ayrshire, and on rocks near Beachy Head, Sussex. Flowers yellow, scarcely veined. Root large, succulent, sometimes, according to Dr. Walker, last- ing three years, and preferable to Horse-Radish for the table. Cattle were observed by Dr. Walker to be very fond of the herbage. Raphanus raphanistrum, var. y, Smith, fl. brit. 2. p. 723. Great White Charlock, Pet. herb. brit. t. 46. f. 11. Sea-side-Radish. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. 3 to 4 feet. t Species not sufficiently known. 8 R. LANCEOLA'TUS (Willd. spec. 3. p. 562.) pods 2-celled, ventricose, smooth, with a somewhat 4-sided beak ; leaves ob- long-lanceolate, somewhat toothed at the top. O. ? H. Native of the Antilles. Sinapis integrifolia, West. St. Cruc. p. 222. from Wrilld. Flowers middle-sized, yellow. Pods half an inch long. iance-leaved Radish. Fl. ? PI. 1| foot. 1 9 R. BIARTICULA'TUS (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 46.) pods su- berose, thick, 2-jointed ; joints 1-celled, 1 -seeded ; lower leaves lyrate, upper ones oblong, toothed. O- H. Native of China. 'Perhaps a species of Rapistrum or Didcsmus. Two-jointed-podded Radish. Fl. Ju. July. PL 1 foot. Cult. None of these plants are worth cultivating for orna- ment, therefore those species not used for culinary purposes are only worth preserving in botanic gardens. The seed only re- quires to be sown in the open ground, and the plants afterwards treated as other hardy annuals. SUB-ORDER IV. SPIROLO'BEJi (from airetpa, speira, a circle, and \o/3oe, lobos, a lobe ; because of the spirally twisted cotyledons, f. 45, k. 1.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 670. prod. 1. p. 229. Cotyledons incumbent, linear, spirally or rather circinnately con- volute (f. 45. k. /.). Seeds somewhat globose. Tribe XVII. BUNIA'DEjE (plants agreeing with Bunias in some import- ant characters,) or SPIROLO'BE^E (See Sub-Order IV.) NUCAMENTA'CEjE (nucamentum, a cat-kin ; shape of pods.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 670. prod. 1. p. 229. Silicic nucamentaceous, indehiscent, 2-4-celled (f. 46. s.). Cotyledons truly circin- nately twisted (f. 45. k. I.). CIII. BLTNIAS (from /3ouvoe, bounos, a hill ; because the plants usually grow in elevated situations.) R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 75. D. C. syst. 2. p. 670. prod. 1. p. 229. LIN. SYST. Tetr adynamia, Siliculbsa. Character the same as the Tribe. Erect, branched herbs. Root perpendicular, sim- ple. Stems round, furnished with sessile glands on the upper part, the rest somewhat villous with lymphatic hairs. Leaves pinnatifidly-runcinate, or entire. Racemes elongated ; pedicels filiform, somewhat spreading, bractless. Flowers yellow. SECT. I. ERUCA'GO (from eruca, rocket ; analogy.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 670. prod. 1. p. 229. Tourn. inst. 232. t. 103. Calyx erect. Petals obcordate, bluntly emarginate. Silicle 4- sided (f. 47. «.), with the angles furnished with crested wings, and somewhat toothed, terminated with the filiform style ; inside 4-celled. 1 B. ERUCA' GO (Lin. spec. 935.) pods 4-sided, angles crested ; radical leaves runcinate. O- H. Native of cultivated fields throughout the south of Europe ; especially Spain, south of France, Dauphiny, Italy, Austria, and Greece. Jacq. aust. t. 340. Boiss. fl. eur. t. 460. Myagrum erucago, Lam. diet. 1. p. 571. no. 12. Myagrum clavatum, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 482. Erucago dentata, Mcench. Erucago Monspeliaca, Jaume. Eru- ca»o campestris, Desv. Erucago runcinata, Horn. Flowers drooping at night. Rocket-Eunias. Fl. Apr. Jul. Clt. 1640. PI. 1 to 1| foot. 2 B. A'SPERA (Retz. obs. 2. p. 21.) pods 4-sided; angles crested ; leaves all lanceolate. 0 . H. Native of Portugal, on the banks of the Douro, near Oporto. Myagrum asperum, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 47. Erucago aspera, Horn. hafn. 2. p. 593. Var. ft, cristata (D. C. syst. 2. p. 672.) lower leaves sinu- ately-toothed. Bunias aspera, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 562. B. cris- tata, Desv. Rough Bunias. Fl. June. Clt. 1820. PI. If foot. SECT. II. LAE'LIA (Lael, the name of some botanist.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 672. prod. 1. p. 230. Silicles ovate, 2-celled. 3 B. ORIENTALS (Lin. spec. 936.) pods ovate, 2-celled, not crested, but somewhat warted. 1£. H. Native of grassy and cultivated places, in Transylvania; very common throughout European Russia, and in Siberia. It is now very common about 264 CRUCIFERjE. CHI. BUNIAS. CIV. ERUCARIA. CV. CHAMIRA. CVI. HELIOPHILA. Paris, having migrated from gardens. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1918. t. 189. Rapistrum glandulosum, Berg. phyt. 3. p. 163. icon. Myagrum taraxacifolium, Lam. diet. 1. p. 570. no. 10. Bunias verrucosa, Mosnch. ineth. 278. Bunias perennis, Moench. suppl. 91. Lae'lia orientalis, Desv. journ. hot. 3. p. 160. Var. (1, Winterli (D. C. syst. 2. p. 672.) leaves pubescent- hoary. Crambe, spec. nov. Winterl, hort. Pesth. Bunias Winterli, Schult. obs. p. 121. no. 925. Oriental Bunias. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1731. PI. 1 to 2 feet. Cult. These plants are not worth cultivating except in bo- tanic gardens. They are all propagated by seeds, which only require to be sown in the open ground. Tribe XVIII. ERUCARIE'jE (plant agreeing with Erucaria in many import- ant characters,) or SPIROLO'BE^E (See Sub-Order IV.) LO- MENTACEjE (lomentum, a loment ; shape of pods.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 673. prod. 1. p. 230. Silique lomentaceous, 2-jointed, lower joint 2-celled, upper one ensiform (f. 47. I.) Cotyledons replicate and somewhat spiral (f. 45. /.) CIV. ERUCA'RIA (from eruca, rocket; analogy.) Gaert. fr. 2. p. 298. t. 143. f. 9. D. C. syst. 2. p. 673. prod. 1. p. 231. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliquosa. Character the same as tribe. Smooth, erect, branched, annual herbs. Stems round, whitish, older ones hard at the base. Cauline leaves pinnate- parted or rarely deeply-toothed, usually rather fleshy. Racemes opposite the leaves and terminal, elongating as they grow old ; pedicels short, strictly erect, bractless. Flowers from white to purplish. Habit of Cakile. §. 1. Upper joint of silique ending in the filiform style. 1 E. ALE'PPICA (Gsert. fruct. 1. c.) pods styliferous ; leaves pinnate-parted ; lobes linear, those of the lower leaves pinnatifid, those of the upper ones entire. O- H. Native of the islands in the Grecian Archipelago ; in Asia-Minor ; about Alexan- dria, and in Syria near Aleppo. Vent. hort. eels. t. 64. Bunias myagroides, Lin. mant. 96. Cordylocarpus laevigatus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 563. Smith, fl. graec. t. 649. Cakile mya- groides, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 88 ? Didesmus myagroides, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 160 ? Stems glaucous at top. Flowers pale violet. Seed in the lower joint oblong, that in the upper orbi- cular. Aleppo Erucaria. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1 680. PI. 1 foot. 2 E. IATIFO'LIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 675.) pods styliferous, leaves pinnate-parted ; lobes oblong, deeply toothed. O- H. Native of Egypt, and in Syria, near Aleppo. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 95. Sinapis Hispanica, Herb. Banks. Flowers pale violet, not so large as those of E. Aleppica. Broad-leaved Erucaria. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 3 E. OLIVE' RII (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 915.) silique styliferous, scabrous ; leaves pinnatifid, pubescent ; segments linear, bluntly toothed. 0. H. Native of Syria between Mossul and Bagdad. Raphanus cakiloides, D. C. syst. 2. p. 669. Flowers pale violet. Oliver's Erucaria. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 4 E. ? TENUIFO LIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 675.) lower joint of pod 2-seeded, upper joint 1 -seeded; leaves bipinnate-parted, lobes linear. O- H. Native of Spain. Sinapis Hispanica, Lin. spec. 935. exclusive of the synonym of Tournefort. Flowers purplish. Slender-leaved Erucaria. PL 1 foot. 5 E. HYPOG^A (Viv. append, fl. cors. in. Schlecht. Linneas. 1. p. 501.) pods styliferous ; leaves pinnate; leaflets sessile, tri- angularly falcate; scape naked, 1-flowered. Q. H. Native of Corsica. Sisymbrium monanthon, Viv. fl. libyc. The name is derived from wo, under, and yn, the earth ; because the plant grows close to the earth. Hypogceus Erucaria. Fl. May, July. PI. 2 inches. §. 2. Upper joint of silique pointed with the sessile stigma. 6 E. CRASSIFOLIA (Delile, ill. fl. aegyp. p. 20. pi. bot. t. 34. f. 1. descr. p. 100.) stigma sessile ; beak longer than pod; leaves pinnate-parted, thick ; lobes linear. O- H. Native of Egypt, frequent about the Saqqarah Pyramids. Brassica crassifolia, Forsk. fl. eegyp. arab. descr. p. 1 1 8. Herb fleshy. Flowers from white to violet, scarcely so large as those of E. Aleppica. This plant has a hot taste like Cress. Thick-leaved Erucaria. Fl. June, Dec. Clt. 1823. PL | foot. 7 E. HYRCA'NICA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 676.) stigma sessile ; beak length of pod ; leaves few, grossly toothed. Q. ? H. Native of the North of Persia. Sisymbrium myagro afFine, Stev. in litt. Flowers when dry cream-coloured. Hyrcanian Erucaria. Fl. Ju. July. PL 1 to 1J foot. Cult. None of these plants are worth cultivating except in botanic gardens. The seeds only require to be sown in the open ground, and the plants treated like other hardy annuals. SUB-ORDER V. DIPLECOLOBEJ3 (from £«r\a£, diplax, double, and \ofiog, lobos, a lobe ; because the cotyledons have a double plait, or two legs, f. 45. m. f. 47. p.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 776. prod. 1. p. 230. Cotyledons incumbent, linear, with two legs or a double plait, that is to say plaited twice crosswise (f. 45. m. f. 47. p.~). Seeds depressed. Tribe XIX. HELIOPHI'LE^i (plants agreeing with Heliophila in many characters,) or DIPLECOLO'BEjE (See Sub-order V.) SILI- QUO'SjE (siliqua, a long pod; pods long.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 676. prod. 231. Silique elongated (f. 47. o.), rarely oblong or oval, with a linear or oval dissepiment ; valves flat, or in those with elongated siliques rather convex (f. 47. o.). C V. CHAMI'RA (from x"/*"1' chamai, on the ground ; plant weak and laying on the ground.) Thunb. nov. gen. pi. 2. p. 48. D. C. syst. 2. p. 677. prod. 1. p. 231. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliquosa. Calyx with 2 spurs at the base. A smooth, weak herb. Leaves stalked, cordate, grossly toothed. Racemes lax ; pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers white. Silique ovate-oblong. 1 C. CORNU'TA (Thunb. 1. c.) Q. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in the fissures of the rocks called Vitteklip. Heliophila circeoides, Lin. fil. suppl. 298. Leaves alternate, almost kidney-shaped. //oraed-calyxedChamira. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1828. PL | foot. Cult. The seeds of Chamlra should be sown in a pot filled with a mixture of peat and sand, in the month of March, then placed in a hot-bed, and when the plants are grown to a suffi- cient size, which will be about the end of April, they may be planted out into the open border, in a dry, warm situation, where they will flower, and ripen their seed. CVI. HELIO'PHILA (from TjXtoc, helios, the sun, and i\fto, phileo, to love ; because the plants grow in places ex- posed to the sun.) N. Burm. in Lin. gen. no. 816. Lam. ill. t. 563. D. C. syst. 2. p. 677. prod. 1. p. 231. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliquosa. Calyx equal at the base. Annual herbs or sub-shrubs. Roots slender. Stem round, branched. Leaves very variable. Racemes elongated ; pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers yellow, white, but usually blue. CRUCIFER.E. CVI. HELIOPHILA. 265 SECT. I. CARPONE'MA (from Kapirof, karpos, a fruit, and vr)fj.a, nema, a thread ; because of the slender pods.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 679. prod. 1. p. 231. Silique sessile, terete, scarcely contracted between the seeds, acuminated at both ends, indehis- cent or hardly dehiscent. A weak annual herb. 1 H. FILIFORMIS (Lin. fil. suppl. 296.) herbaceous, smooth ; pods terete, tapering towards both ends; leaves linear, awl- shaped. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lam. ill. t. 563. f. 3. ? Flowers small, purplish, or bluish. Fz7j/br»n-podded Heliophila. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1786. PI. H foot. SECT. II. LEPTO'RMUS (from Xtm-os, leptos, slender, and opfios, ormos, a necklace ; in allusion to the pods being slender, as weir as being contracted between the seeds, giving them the appearance of a necklace.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 680. prod. l.p. 231. Silique sessile, somewhat compressed, very slender, somewhat necklace-formed, contracted between the seeds ; joints ovate-ob- long. Smaller stamens usually furnished with a tooth. Annual herbs, intermediate between Sect. Ormtscus and Carponema. 2 H. DISSE'CTA (Thunb. prod. 108.) herbaceous, smooth ; pods very slender, somewhat necklace-formed, terminated by the thick knotted stigma ; leaves filiform, entire, tvifid or parted at the apex. Q. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers blue. This is a very pretty species. Var. /3, H. pinnata ; var. (Vahl. herb.) Flowers, when dry, white. Z)^. schizo, to divide, irtraXov, petalon, a petal ; in allusion to the cut or divided petals.) R. Br. in bot. reg. t. 752. Character the same as the order. 1 S. WALKE'RI (R. Br. in bot. mag. 2378.) Q. F. Na- tive of Chili. An annual herb, with alternate sinuately-pin- natifid leaves. Flowers white, in long racemes ; pedicels each furnished with a linear bractea. The whole plant is beset with branched down. Walker's Schizopetalon. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. ^ to 2 feet. Cult. This singular cruciferous plant should be raised in pots in a green-house in spring, when some of them may be planted out in the borders, others may be saved in the pots, and placed in an airy part of the green-house, where they will produce seeds, although sparingly. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand suits it best. CRUCIFER^E. CX. SCHIZOPETALON. CXI. STREPTANTIIUS. CXII. SELENIA. 269 f Additional cruciferous plants. 1 MATHI'OLA PA'TENS (Presl. fl. sic. ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 242.) plant tomentose or hoary from stellate down ; stem her- baceous, diffusely branched ; leaves lanceolate, entire, tomen- tose ; siliques terete, spreading, tomentose, and muricated with glands. $ . H. Native of Sicily. This plant comes nearest to Mathwla dnnua, p. 151. no. 2. of this work. Spreadine-branched Stock. Fl. May, June. PI. 1 foot. 2 MATHIOLA SIMPLICICA'ULIS (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 17.) $ . H. Native of? This is the Brompton Stock. It differs from Ma- thiola incana or Queen Stock (to which it was formerly attached as a simple variety,) in the plant being a biennial not shrubby ; it is simple, not branched. The flowers of this variety are either scarlet or white, single or double. It is a very ornamental plant, and is very generally cultivated for that purpose. Brompton Stock or Simple-stemmed Stock. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. ? PI. 1 foot. 3 NASTU'RTIUM? SINE'NSE (D. C. syst. 2. p. 699) Native of China. Lepidium petrse'um, Lour. fl. cochin, ed. Willd. 2. p. 479. exclusive of the synonyms. Lepidium Chinense, Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 429. Stem annual, eight inches high, round, erect. Leaves broad, lanceolate, quite entire, small, pinnated. Stamens tetradynamous. Spikes of flowers simple, erect, long, terminal. Flowers yellow. Pods ovate, emarginate, compres- sed, 2- celled, many-seeded. Plant bitter and acrid to the taste. Chinese Nasturtium. PI. |- foot. 4 NASTU'RTIUM ? ROTUNDIFOLIUM (Rafin. fl. lud. p. 8G. no. 274.) Native of Louisiana. Cochlearia, no. 4. Rob. voy. Louis. 3. p. 467. Habit of A'rabis rhomboldea. Plant large. Leaves thick, juicy, and eatable, but insipid. Stem erect, branched. Leaves roundish, sinuately-lobed. Petals elongated, longer than the calyx. Round-leaved Nasturtium. PI. 2 feet. 5 A'RABIS LONGISI'LIQUA (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. app. 242.) stem very simple, and is as well as the leaves hoary from forked down ; radical leaves oblong-lanceolate, quite entire ; pedicels appressed, much shorter than the calyx. 1JL. H. Native of Sicily. Flowers white ? This plant comes very near to A'rabis collina, p. 165. no. 56. of this work. Far. ft, A. purpurdscens (Presl. 1. c.) Flowers purplish. Long-podded Wall-Cress. PI. 5 foot. 6 PTERONEU'RUM DALMA'TICUM (Vis. in bot. zeit. 1829.) plant smooth ; stem diffuse, much branched ; leaves pinnate, fleshy, glaucescent ; leaflets obovate, stalked, 3-lobed, lower ones palmate ; silique erect, smooth, crowned by the elongated terete style ; seeds margined at the top. Q. H. Native of Dal- matia. Cardamine maritima, Portenschlag, p. 170, no. 48, of this work. This is considered by Visiani to be a true species of Pteroneurum, in the calyx being spreading, in the silique being lanceolate, as well as in the funicle being dilated. Dalmatian Pteroneurum. • Fl. June. PI. 5 foot. 7 FARSE'TIADALMA'TICA (Vis. 1. c.) is F. triquetra, D. C. see p. 175, no. 8. of this work. The branches are not triquetrous, but round. Visiani gives the following amended character. Plant covered with stellate down ; stems suffruticose at the base ; branches round, ascending ; leaves obovate, tapering into the petiole and repand ; style long, deciduous ; stigma 2-lobed. If. . H. Native of Dalmatia. Dalmatian Farsetia. Fl. May, June. PI. 1 foot. 8 VESICA'RIA MICROCA'RPA (Vis. fl. bot. zeit. no. 12. March 1829. p. 17.) plant herbaceous, covered with stellate down; stems erect, branched; leaves obovate, spatulate, entire, radical ones stalked ; calyx equal, not gibbous ; fructiferous corymbs crowded ; pods globose, inflated, smooth, few-seeded ; style permanent ; seeds margined. I/ . H. Native of Dalmatia on mount Biokova. Flowers yellow. Small-fruited Vesicaria. Fl. June, July. PI. J foot. 9 LEPI'DIUM PUBE'SCENS (Gusson. fl. sic. prod, ex Schlecht. Linnaea 4. p. 38, under Thlaspi.) O-H. Native of Sicily. Very like L. hirta, p. 218. no. 12. of this work ; but the plant is pu- bescent, not hairy, and the pods are oblong and emarginate, and with the style protruding beyond the notch. Pubescent Mithridate Pepperwort. PI. |. foot. 10 IBE'RIS INTEGE'RRIMA (Mor. elench. p. 4.) plant suffrutes- cent at the base, pubescent at the top ; leaves oblong-spatulate, fleshy, quite entire, rather concave, uppermost ones ciliated ; pods emarginate, racemosely-corymbose. Ij . H. Native of Sardinia. An intermediate plant between 7. Tenoreana and 7. Pruitii, p. 194, no. 2 and 3, of this work. Very-entire-leaved Candy Tuft. Fl. May. PI. J- foot. 11 BISCUTE'LLA INCA'NA (Tenore, prod. fl. nap. 1826.) stem woody at the base ; pods smooth, somewhat undulated, scabrous in the disk from elevated tubercles ; leaves hispid, hoary, ob- long, unequally sinuate-toothed ; teeth blunt. 1^ . H. Native of Calabria. This plant differs from B. saxdtilis, in the stems being more tufted and more woody at the base, as well as in the pods being undulated, and twice the size. Hoary Buckler Mustard. Fl. May, July. PI. 1 foot. 12 HE'SPERIS GLUTINOSA (Vis. in bot. zeit. Dec. 1829.) plant covered with viscid hairs ; stems branched ; radical leaves lyrately-pinnatifid, thickish ; cauline ones broad-lanceolate, toothed at the base, acuminated and entire at the top, on very short petioles ; pedicels racemose, shorter than the calyx, lean- ing almost to one side ; claws of the petals twice the length of the calyx ; pods clothed with viscid hairs, at length spreading and deflexed, somewhat torulose ; seeds oblong-truncate. If. . H. Native of Dalmatia. Colum. ecph. 2. p. 261. — Mor. oxon. p. 252. sect. 3. t. 10. f. 5. Flowers lilac. This species comes very near 77. laciniata, All. p. 202, no. 4, of this work. Clammy Dame's violet. Fl. March, April. PI. 2 to 3 feet. CXI. STREPTA'NTHUS (from orptm-oe, streptos, twisted, and avdoc, anthos, a flower ; twisted claws of petals.) Nutt. in journ. acad. nat. sc. philad. 5. p. 132. ann. 1825. LIN. SYST. Tetradynatnm, Siliquosa. Calyx erect, coloured. Petals dilated, with channelled twisted claws. Glands none. Filaments awl-shaped, thickened at the base. Silique very long, angular, compressed. Seeds flat, marginate, disposed in one row. Cotyledons accumbent. An annual herb, with quite en- tire leaves, and purple flowers. Pods very long, tetragonal, 2- edged. This genus agrees in habit with A'rabis, but in the pods with Turrltis. 1 S. MACULA'TUS (Nutt. 1. c. with a figure.) 0. H. Native of the Arkansa territory. Spotted Streptanthus. Fl. May. PI. 1 foot. Cult. The seeds of this plant only require to be sown in the open border, and the plants afterwards treated as other hardy annuals. CXII. SELE'NIA (from o-fXjjvq, selene, the moon; shape of pods.) Nutt. in journ. acad. nat. sc. philad. 5. p. 132. ann. 1825. LIN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculosa. Calyx coloured, equal at the base, spreading. Silicle large, many-seeded, elliptical, compressed, marginate, almost sessile ; valves parallel, smaller than the dissepiment. Glands 10, by pairs between the sepals, and solitary emarginate between the shorter stamens and the pistil. An annual plant, with triquetrous stems ; pinnatifid leaves and axillary golden flowers. Habit of Brdssica, but with the fruit of Lundria. Radical leaves almost bipinnatifid. 1 S. AU'REA (Nutt. 1. c. with a figure.) O- H. Native of Arkansa upon the banks of the river Pottoe. GoWen-flowered Selenia. Fl. March, April. PI. 1 foot. Cult. The seeds of this plant will only require to be sown 270 CAPPARIDE^:. in the open border, and the plants afterwards treated as other hardy annuals. ORDER XV. CAPPARI'DE^E (plants agreeing with Cap- pans in many important characters.) Juss. gen. 242. ann. mus. 18. p. 4,74:. D. C. prod. 1. p. 237. Parts of flower usually imbricate in the bud. Sepals 4 (f. 52. a. f. 53. a.), seldom more, sometimes almost free, equal or un- equal, sometimes connected at the base into a tube (f. 54. a.) with a variable limb. Petals 4 (f. 52. b. f. 53./.), seldom more, cru- ciate, usually unguiculated (f. 52. 6.) and unequal. Stamens almost perigynous, inserted at the bottom of the calyx (f. 52. c. f. 53. d.), rarely tetradynamous, usually disposed in a quater- nary order, definite (f. 54. rf.) or indefinite (f. 53. e. f. 52. c.). Torus hemispherical or elongated (f. 52. d. f. 54. c.), usually bearing glands. Stipe of ovary slender (f. 52. d. f. 54. e.), rising from the torus ; the ovary is therefore stipitate (f. 52. /. f. 54. e.). Ovary composed of 2 or more closely-joined carpels. Style none (f. 53. c. f. 54. e.) or filiform. Fruit variable, siliquose (f. 54. e.). or baccate (f. 52. f.), 1-celled, but rarely 1-seeded, usually with 2 or more many-seeded placentas, in the dehiscent fruit these are intervalvular. Seeds usually kidney-shaped without albumen. Embryo incurved. Cotyledons leafy, flat, somewhat incum- bent. Herbs, shrubs, or trees, either with or without stipulas, but when they are present they are in the form of spines. The leaves are alternate, simple, or palmately compound. The dis- position of the flowers is variable. This order differs from Cructferce in the receptacle being hemispherical or elongated, as well as in the fruit being destitute of a dissepiment, and the seeds being without an umbilical cord, and in the very different dis- position of the stamens. It differs from Flacourtianece in the seeds never being inwrapped in a pulpy pellicle. The plants contained in this order partake of the properties of Cructferte. The different kinds of Capers are reputed to be stimulating, antiscorbutic and aperient. The bark of the root of the common Caper passes for a diuretic medicine. Several species of the Clebmeee have an acrid taste, which has been com- pared to that of mustard. The root of Polanisia graveolens is employed as a vermifuge in the United States, and the leaves of P. dodecdndra produce an inflammation on the skin, whence they are used in Cochin-china as a sinapism. Most of the plants contained in this order have beautiful flowers. The seeds of those plants belonging to tribe Clebmeee are easily introduced, in a living state, from any part of the world : but the seeds of those belonging to tribe Cappareae soon become rancid, therefore they are truly difficult to introduce in a vege- tative state, and on that account very few of this tribe are to be seen in the gardens. Synopsis of the Genera. TRIBE I. CLEO>ME.SE. Fruit truly capsular, with membranous dehiscent valves. Herbs or sub-shrubs with compound leaves, usually clothed niith glandular down. 1 CLEOME'LLA. Calyx of 4-spreading sepals. Petals 4. Re- ceptacle ovate-globose. Stamens 6, free. Silicle stipitate within the calyx, shorter than broad. 2 PERI'TOMA. Calyx cut round about at the base, 4-toothed at the apex. Petals 4. Receptacle small. Stamens 6, mona- delphous at the base. Silique stipitate. 3 GYNANDRO'PSIS. Calyx of 4-spreading sepals. Petals 4. Receptacle elongated. Stamens 6, monadelphous around the torus, and free at the top. Silique stipitate. 4 CLEO'ME. Calyx of 4-spreading, nearly equal sepals. Pe- tals 4. Receptacle somewhat hemispherical. Stamens 6, rarely 4, free. Silique stipitate or sessile. 5 POIANI'SIA. Calyx of 4-spreading sepals. Petals 4. Sta- mens 8-32, free. Receptacle small. Silique sessile or on a short stipe, terminated by a distinct style. 6 PHYSOSTE'MON. Calyx of 4 sepals. Petals 4. Stamens 6-8, unequal, free, inflated under the anthers. Receptacle mar- ginate. Silique sessile. 7 CORYNA'NDRA. Calyx of 4 sepals. Petals 4. Stamens numerous ; filaments clavated, and coloured at the top ; anthers curved. Silique sessile, 2-valved. TRIBE II. CAPPA'RE*. Fruit rather Jleshy, indehiscent (f. 52. /.). Shrubs and trees, rarely herbs, with simple or ternate leaves. 8 CRAIOVA. Sepals 4. Petals 4, larger than the calyx. Stamens 8-28. Torus elongated or hemispherical. Berry sti- pitate, ovate-globose, pulpy inside. 9 RITCHIE* A. Calyx of 4 sepals, valvate in the bud. Pe- tals 4, much longer than the calyx. Stamens 10-20, incurved. Torus elevated, glanduliferous. Berry stipitate, globose, crown- ed by a sessile stigma. 10 NIEBI/HRIA. Sepals 4, valvate in the bud. Petals want- ing, or shorter than the calyx. Torus cylindrical, very short. Stamens indefinite. Berry stipitate, ovate or cylindrical. 11 BOSCIA. Sepals 4. Petals none. Stamens 12-20, in- serted in the short torus. Berry stipitate, globose, 1-seeded. 1 2 CA'DABA. Sepals 4. Petals 4 or wanting. Nectary strap- formed, emanating from the base of the sub-cylindrical torus. Stamens 4-5, monadelphous at the base. Berry stipitate, cylin- drical. 13 SCHEPPE'RIA. Sepals 4, spreading. Petals 4. Torus elongated. Stamens 8, monadelphous around the torus, but free at the top. Nectary concave at the base of the torus. Silique fleshy, stipitate. 14 SODA'S A. Sepals 4, the superior one is large and con- cave. Petals 4. Stamens 8 ? Torus small. Ovary ovate, 4- furrowed, on a long stipe. 15 CA'PPARIS. Calyx 4-parted (f. 52. a.). Petals 4 (f. 52. b.). Torus small (f. 52. e.). Stamens numerous (f. 52. c.). Silique somewhat baccate, stipitate (f. 52._/.). Stipe long and slender (f. 52. d.). 16 STEPHA'NIA. Calyx campanulate, 2-lobed (f. 54. «.). Petals 4 (f. 54. &.). Torus small (f. 54. c.). Stamens 6 (f. 54. rf.). Ovary oblong, stipitate (f. 54. e.~). 17 MORISONIA. Calyx obovate, bifid. Petals 4. Torus small. Stamens 20, somewhat monadelphous at the base. Berry glo- bose, stipitate. 1 8 TOVA'RIA. Calyx usually of 8 sepals, with an equal num- CAPPARIDE.3i. I. CLEOMELI.A. II. PERITOMA. III. GYNANDROPSIS. 271 ber of petals. Stamens the same number as the sepals, and alternating with them, inserted on the inside of a large disk or torus. Berry spherical, seated on the elevated disk, pulpy inside. 19 THYLA'CHIUM. Calyx follicular, at length cut round about. Petals none. Stamens numerous, inserted in the short torus. Berry oblong, stipitate. 20 HERMU'POA. Calyx double, outer one tubular, inner one of 4 small sepals. Petals 4, linear. Stamens 6, very long. Berry oblong-cylindrical. 21 MJERUA. Calyx tubular, 4-parted, valvate in the bud, with a crown of petal-like scales in the throat. Petals none. Torus elongated. Stamens numerous, somewhat monadelphous at the top of the torus. Silique fleshy, stipitate. 22 A'RSIS. Calyx of 5 coloured sepals. Petals 5. Stamens numerous ; anthers 4-celled. Berry stipitate, 1 -seeded. Tribe I. CLEOME.ZE (plants agreeing in important characters with Cleome.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 237. — Genus Cleome, Lin. Fruit truly capsular, with somewhat membranous opening valves. — Herbs or sub-shrubs. Leaves usually compound, seldom simple, covered with glandular hairs. Flowers usually disposed in ter- minal racemes. I. CLEOME'LLA (a diminutive of Cleome, which see.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 237. LIN. SYST. Hexdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4-spreading sepals. Petals 4. Torus ovate-globose. Stamens 6, free. Silicic stipitate within the calyx, shorter than broad. 1 C. MEXICA'NA (Moc. et Sesse. icon. fl. mex. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 337.) I/ . S. Native of Mexico. Leaves trifoliate, smooth. Flowers yellow. Mexican Cleomella. Fl. July. PI. 1 foot. Cult. A rich light soil will suit this plant well, and cuttings will root freely under a hand-glass, but if it seed freely this will be unnecessary. II. PERI'TOMA (from Trcpiropn, peritome, a cutting round about; base of calyx.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 237. Atalanta, Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 73. not of Corr. LIN. SYST. Hexdndria, Monogynia. Calyx cut round at the base, 4-toothed at the top. Petals 4. Torus small. Stamens 6, joined at the base. Silique oblong, stipitate within the calyx. 1 P. SERKULATUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 237.) O-H. Cleome serrulata, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 441. Native of North America on the banks of the Missouri. Leaves ternate, smooth, leaflets lanceolate, finely serrulated. Racemes elongated. Brae- teas linear. Flowers pale purple. Serrulated-leaved Peritoma. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. 3 ft. Cult, The seeds of this plant should be sown in a pot, which should be placed in a gentle hot-bed, and when the plants are of sufficient size, they should be planted out into the open border in a sheltered situation. III. GYNANDRO'PSIS (from -ywn, gyne, a female, and avrip, avSpoe, aner, andros, a male, oi^is, opsis, resemblance ; because of the stamens appearing as if inserted on the top of the ovary). D. C. syst. 2. p. 237. Cleomes, spec. Lin. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Hexdndria. Calyx of 4 spreading sepals. Petals 4. Torus elongated. Stamens 6, joined together around the ovary, but free at the apex. Silique stipitate, within the calyx at the top of the torus. The African species of this genus are readily distinguished, according to Mr. Brown, the great peculiarity of which consists in the petals not covering the stamina at any period. This mode of aestivation of the petals, he says, has never before been no- ticed, though it equally exists in Cratceva and Resedaceae ; to this mode he proposes to apply the term aperta. § 1. Angiogbnia. Petals imbricate in the bud and covering the stamina. 1 G. SESSILIFO'LIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 237.) smooth; leaves all trifoliate, lower ones hardly stalked ; leaflets oblong, entire. Q. H. Native of the West Indies in sandy barren places. Cleome triphylla, Lin. spec. 938. exclusive of the synonyms. Flowers whitish or flesh-coloured. Sessile-leaved Gynandropsis. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 2 G. TRIPHY'LIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 237.) smoothish ; leaves all trifoliate, floral ones sessile, the rest stalked ; stalks of the lower leaves longer than the leaves themselves. Q. H. Native of the West Indies in dry sandy places. Cleome triphylla, Lin. spec. 938. from Herm. lugd. 565. icon. Flowers white or flesh-coloured. Three-leaved Gynandropsis. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1820. PL 1 to 2 feet. 3 G. PALMI'TES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 238.) smoothish; leaves 5-7-foliate ; leaflets entire ; stalks of the leaflets somewhat connected at the base by a membrane. O- S. Native of Cayenne. C. palmltes, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 122. Flowers per- haps white. Pa/waie-leaved Gynandropsis. PI. 1 foot. 4 G. BRACHYCA'RPA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 238.) leaves ternate or quinate ; leaflets entire ; pods smooth, oval-oblong, shorter than the stipe. O ? H. Native of Peru. Cleome brachycarpa, Vahl. Flowers white or pink. Short-podded Gynandropsis. PI. 1 foot. 5 G. HISPI'DULA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 238.) hispid; leaves qui- nate ; leaflets entire ; pods rather hispid, shorter than their stipe. O? H. Native of Peru. Cleome hirsuta, Ruiz et. Pav. Flowers white or rather pinkish. Hispid Gynandropsis. PI. 1 foot. 6 G. CANDELA'BRUM (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 468.) pubescent; leaves quinate ; leaflets broad-ovate, acuminated ; floral leaves ternate, sessile ; siliques scabrous, longer than the stipe. (•)• H. Native of South America. Petals of a whitish-pink colour. Stamens purple ; anthers yellow. Cleome, Sims, bot. mag. 2656. Chandelier Gynandropsis. Fl. July. Clt. 1824. PL 1 to 2 ft. 7 G. SPECIO'SA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 238.) plant somewhat vel- vety at the top; leaves 5-7-foliate; leaflets somewhat ser- rulated, oblong, acuminated. I/ ? S. Native of New Granada near Carthagena. Cleome speciosa, H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec, amer. 5. p. 84. t. 436. Flowers violet. Showy Gynandropsis. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. PL 2 feet. 8 G. PULCHE'LLA (Lindl. in hort. trans, lond. 6. p. 65.) ra- ther pilose ; lower leaves quinate, upper ones ternate ; leaflets entire ; silique oval, smooth ; seeds kidney-shaped, tuberculated. O- H. Native of Maranham. Leaves smooth, with hairy petioles. Flowers small. Petals white, with purplish claws. Neat Gynandropsis. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1825. PL f foot. 9 G. AFFINIS (Blum, bijdr. fl. ind. ned. exSchlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 644.) plant covered with glandular hairs; lower and floral leaves trifoliate, middle ones with 5 leaflets ; leaflets obovate, quite entire, but ciliated, with glandular hairs. O-H. Native of Java. Flowers white. Allied Gynandropsis. Fl. July. PL 1 to 2 feet. § 2. Gymnogonia. Petals open in the bud, never covering the stamina at any period. 10 G. PENTAPHY'LLA (D. C. prod, 1. p. 238.) smoothish ; 272 CAPPARIDE^E. III. GYNANDUOPSIS. IV. CLEOME. leaves on the middle of the stem with 5 leaflets, the lowest and floral ones with 3 leaflets ; leaflets entire or somewhat serrulated. Q. H. Native of tropical Africa in sandy places near the sea. Cleome pentaphylla, Lin. spec. 338. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1681. Perhaps this species grows spontaneous in South America and Egypt as well as India. Flowers white or flesh-coloured, with pink stamens and brown anthers. Five-leaved Gynandropsis. Fl.Ju. Aug. Clt. 1640. PI. 1 ft. 11 G. DENTICULA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 238.) smoothish ; lowest leaves with 7 leaflets, middle ones with 5 leaflets ; upper ones ternate ; leaflets serrulated. O • H. Native of Angola on the west coast of Africa. Flowers white, tinged with pink. The stamens are pink. Denticulated-\e3ived Gynandropsis. Fl. Ju. Aug. PL 1 to 2 ft. 12 G. HETERO'TRICHA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 238.) covered with variable hairs, some of which are elongated, others sessile and glandular ; leaves ternate or quinate ; leaflets almost entire. O- H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Cleome hetero- tricha, Burch. trav. 1. p. 537. cat. no. 2011. Flowers white. Variable-haired Gynandropsis. PI. 1 foot. Cult. The seeds of these plants should be sown on a hot-bed, in the month of March ; and when the plants have attained a sufficient size, which will be in May, they should be planted out into the open ground, in a warm sheltered situation, where they will flower and seed, if the summer proves warm. But in order to secure seeds, a plant or two of each kind should be planted separately, in pots, in a mixture of sand and loam, and placed in the green-house. IV. CLECVME (from cXtiw, kleio, to shut, in allusion to the parts of the flower ; a name adopted by Linnaeus from Theo- dosius). D. C. prod. 1. p. 238. Cleome, spec. Lin. LIN. SYST. Tetra-Hexandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4, spread- ing, almost equal sepals. Petals 4. Torus somewhat hemis- pherical. Stamens 6, rarely 4. Silique dehiscent, stipitate, or sessile within the calyx. SECT. I. PEDiCELLAvRiA'(from pedicellus, a pedicle ; fruit on long stalks.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 238. Torus fleshy, somewhat globose. Stipe of ovary elongated. 1 C. GIGANTE'A (Lin. mant. 430.) shrubby, velvety-pubes- cent, somewhat clammy ; leaves 7-foliate, with 30 or 40 veins on each side of each leaflet. 17 . S. Native of South America. Cleome viridiflora, Schreb. nov. act. nat. cur. 4. p. 136. t. 3. Flowers whitish-green, with pinkish filaments and yellow anthers. This is a beautiful plant, but has a strong disagreeable smell and a caustic taste. Giant Cleome. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1774. Sh. 6 to 12 feet. 2 C. ARBO'REA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 86.) shrubby, velvety-pubescent, somewhat clammy ; leaflets 7, with 20 veins on each side of each leaflet. Tj . S. Native of Caraccas. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from Cleome gigantea. Flowers white or greenish. Tree Cleome. ^Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Sh. 6 to 8 feet. 3 C. GLANDULO'SA (Ruiz et Pav.) somewhat arborescent, his- pid with thick hairs which bear glands at their apex ; leaves with 7-9 leaflets, upper and floral ones simple, ovate-cordate ; ovary covered with glandular hairs. Tj . S. Native of Peru. Fruit unknown, Silique the length of the stipe. Glandular Cleome. Fl. June, July. Shrub 2 feet. 4 C. CARDINA'LIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 238.) herbaceous, smooth; leaves 5-foliate, floral ones sessile and leaflets oval-lanceolate. Q. S. Native of Mexico, where it is called Borla di Cardinal (icon. fl. mexic. ined.). Flowers reddish ? Cardinal Cleome. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. 2 feet. 5 C. HEPTAPHY'LLA (Lin. spec. 987.) herbaceous, prickly, covered with clammy hairs ; leaves with 7 leaflets, floral ones simple, cordate-roundish ; silique longer than the stipe, covered with clammy pubescence. 0. S. Native of both Indies. Per- haps several species are confused under this name, and it is very probable that the South American plant differs from the East India plant. Flowers white or flesh-coloured, with purplish stamens and brownish anthers. Seven-leaved Cleome. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 to 3 ft. 6 C. ANO'MALA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 85.) herba- ceous, unarmed, velvety-pubescent ; leaves with 7 leaflets, floral ones simple, round, and somewhat cordate ; siliques elliptical, muricated. Q ? S. Native of South America. Valves of fruit very convex. Flowers white. Anomalous Cleome. PI. 1 foot. 7 C. CHILE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 238.) herbaceous, un- armed, smooth; leaves with 7 leaflets, floral ones with 3-5 leaflets; sepals permanent; siliques pendulous, smoothish, scarcely longer than the stipe. O- H. Native of Chili. Flowers white, or pinkish. Var. a, glabra (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves with 7 leaflets, smooth. Var. ft, pubescens (D. C. prod. 1. p. 239.) leaves with 3-5 leaflets, pubescent. Chili Cleome. PI. 1 foot. 8 C. LO'NGIPES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 239.) herbaceous, prickly, smooth ; leaves ternate ; silique cylindrical, slender, one half shorter than the stipe, which is about a foot long. Native of Guayaquil. Flowers white. t Long-footed-trmteA Cleome. PI. 2 feet. 9 C. SPINO SA (Lin. spec. 939.) herbaceous, prickly, pubes- cent ; leaves with 5-7 leaflets, smooth ; floral ones simple, stalked, ovate-cordate ; silique smooth, longer than the stipe. $ . S. Native of South America. Marcgr. bras. p. 34. icon. Flowers'with white petals, purple filaments, and yellow anthers. Spinose Cleome. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1731. PI. 2 to 4 feet. 10 C. PU'NGEKS (Willd. hprt. berl. t. 18.) herbaceous, prickly, covered with clammy pubescence ; leaves with 5-7 leaflets, smooth, floral ones simple, sessile, cordate ; silique smooth, shorter than the stipe. $ . S. Native of South America and the West India islands. Cle6me pungens, H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 85. C. spinosa, Sims. bot. mag. t. 1640. Flowers flesh-coloured, or white. Pungent Cleome. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1812. PL 1 to 2 ft. 11C. PUBE'SCENS (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1857.) herbaceous, un- armed, pubescent ; leaves with 5-7 leaflets, floral ones simple, cordate ; silique length of stipe. O- H. Native of? Flowers white, with purple stamens and stipe. Pubescent Cleome. FL Jul. Clt. 1815. PL 1| foot. 12 C. PSORALE^EFO'LIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 238.) herbaceous, prickly, pubescent ; leaves trifoliate ; petioles beset with glan- dular hairs ; floral leaves ovate, stalked ; silique at last smooth, longer than the stipe. O ? S. Native of Brasil. C. Brasi- liaris, Weinm. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 121. Flowers white? Psoralea-leaved Cleome. PL 1 to 2 feet. 13 C. LATII-O'LIA (Vahl. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 239.) her- baceous, unarmed, smooth ; lower leaves simple, middle ones ternate, stalked ; leaflets ova!, acuminated ; floral leaves simple, sessile, ovate, one half shorter than the pedicel ; stipe length of pedicel. O ? S. Native of Guiana. Flowers white or red. Broad-leaved Cleome. PL 1 to 2 feet. 14 C. RO'SEA (Vahl. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 239.) herbaceous, unarmed, smooth ; leaflets quinate, lower and floral ones ternate, uppermost ones ovate, sessile ; silique smooth, length of stipe. O. S. Native of Rio Janeiro. Flowers beautiful rose-coloured. Stem erect, branched. Lindl. bot. reg. 960. Rose-coloured-fiowereA Cleome. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. PL l^ft. 15 C. SPECIOSI'SSIMA (Deppe in litt. Lindl. bot. reg. 1312.) herbaceous, unarmed ; leaflets 5-7, lanceolate, acuminated, CAPPARIDE.E. IV. CLEOME. 273 pilose ; bracteas ovate ; petals length of pedicels ; pedicel of fruit long. Q. H. Native of Mexico about Xalapa. Like C. rbsea, but differs in the leaves being pilose, not smooth, and they are never trifoliate ; the flowers are larger and the pedicels shorter. Flowers beautiful rose-coloured. Very shervy Cleome. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1829. PL 1| foot. 16 C. PURPUVREA (D C. prod. 1. p. 238.) herbaceous, un- armed, smooth ; leaves trifoliate, floral and upper ones simple, ciliated ; ovary smooth, twice the length of the stipe. O- S. Native of Peru. Flowers purplish. Perhaps this plant belongs to the following section. Purp/e-flowered Cleome. PI. 1-j foot. 17 C. NUMMULA'RIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 239.) herbaceous, un- armed, pubescent ; upper leaves simple, stalked, orbicular ; ovary covered with glandular pubescence ; silique at length smooth, longer than the stipe. Native of Brasil. Flowers white or red- dish. The lower part of the plant is unknown. Moneywort-leaved Cleome. PI. 1 to 2 feet. SECT. II. SILIQUA'RIA (from siliqua, a long pod ; pods long). D. C. prod. 1. p. 239. Torus small. Stipe of ovary short or wanting. All the species that should be included in this section are said by Mr. Brown to be indigenous to north Africa and middle Asia. § 1 . Leaves simple. 18 C. MONOPHY'LLA (Lin. spec. 940.) herbaceous, pubes- cent ; leaves simple, stalked, lanceolate, blunt at the base ; si- lique puberulous, almost sessile. O- H. Native of Malabar and Ceylon. Flowers yellow, anthers greenish-blue. Var. a, Malab&rica (D. C. 1. c.). Rheed. hort. mal. 9. t. 34. Var. ft, Zeylanka (D. C. 1. c.). Burm. zeyl. 1. 100. f. 2. One-leaved Cleome. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1759. PL | to 1 ft. 19 C. CORDA'TA (Burch. cat. n. 2374.) sub-herbaceous, pu- bescent ; leaves simple, on short stalks, lanceolate, cordate at the base ; silique puberulous, almost sessile. O ' H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow ; anthers pale. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from Cleome monophylla. Cordate-leaved Cleome. Fl. June, July. "PI. 1 foot. 20 C. GLAU'CA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 239.) herbaceous, smooth, glaucous ; leaves stalked, ovate, floral ones elliptical ; siliques pendulous, smooth, on short stipes ; seeds hairy. )/ . G. Native of Arabia. Flowers yellow. Glaucous Cleome. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 21 C. GLAUCE'SCENS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 239.) herbaceous, smooth, glaucous ; leaves stalked, ovate, floral ones elliptical ; siliques pendulous, striated, on short stipes ; seeds smooth. "0,. . H. Native of Syria between Bagdad and Mossul. Flowers yellowish. Glaucescent Cleome. PI. -| to 1 foot. 22 C. euiNQUENE'RviA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 239.) herbaceous, rather pubescent, glaucous ; leaves stalked, cordate, 5 -nerved, fltfral ones very small ; silique sessile, oval-oblong, glandular, rough ; seeds smooth. 0 ? H. Native of Persia. Flowers yellow. Five-nerved-leaved Cleome. PL 1 foot. 23 C. SCAPO'SA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 239.) herbaceous ; leaves almost radical, stalked, roundish-ovate, strigosely-pilose ; scape naked, rough ; bracteas small ; siliques erect, sessile, smooth. I/? H. Native of Egypt. Stamens 4? Habit of a species of Carddmine. Flowers yellow. Scaped Cleome. PL -| foot. 24 C. DROSERIFO'LIA (Del. fl. eg. t. 36. f. 2.) shrubby, stri- gosely-pilose ; leaves stalked, obovately- orbicular, 3-nerved, beset with glandular hairs; siliques sessile, oblong, hispid with hairs which are glandular at top. Jj . G. Native of Egypt. Rori- VOL. i. — PART. in. dula, Forsk.aeg. 35. Rorida, Ram. et Schulz. syst. 3. p. 13. Flowers tetrandrous, yellow, with a violet base. Sun- dew-leaved Cleome. PL -J- foot. 25 C. RAFHANOI'DES (D. C. syst. 2. p. 662.) herbaceous, somewhat hispid at the top ; leaves lanceolate-linear, acuminated, runcinate at the base ; silique almost sessile, terete, smooth, pointed with the style. O? S. Native of Guinea. Raphanus pilosus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 562. Clebme longifolia, Vahl. herb. Wormskioldia heterophylla, Thonn. in herb. Vahl. Hairs long, rusty. Flowers yellow. Radish-like Cleome. Fl. June, July. PL 2 foot. 26 C.GuiANE'Nsis(Aubl. guian. 2.t. 273.) herbaceous, smooth, erect ; leaves linear, floral ones longer than the pedicels ; siliques almost sessile, smooth. O- S. Native of Guiana. Flowers yellow ; petals oblong-lanceolate. Guiana Cleome. PI. 1 foot. 27 C. FROCU'MBENS (Jacq. amer. t. 120.) herbaceous, smooth, procumbent ; leaves lanceolate-linear, floral ones a little shorter than the pedicel ; siliques sessile, terete, somewhat torulose. I/ . S. Native of the West India islands. Jacq. amer. t. 120. Sloane, jam. t. 123. Flowers dark yellow ; anthers blackish. Procumbent Cleome. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1798. PL f ft. § 2. Leaves with 3-5-7 leaflets. 28 C, TENE'LLA (Lin. fil. suppl. 300.) herbaceous, smooth ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets linear, twice the length of the petiole ; flowers hexandrous ; siliques slender, sessile. Q . S. Native of the East Indies. Leaflets 4 or 5 lines long. Flowers yellow. Slender-podded Cleome. PL ^ foot. 29 C. TETRA'NDRA (Banks herb.) herbaceous, smooth ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets linear, 3-times longer than the petiole ; flowers tetrandrous; siliques sessile, slender. O-H. Native of New Holland. Leaflets 2 or 3 lines long. Flowers yellow ? Tetrandrous Cleome. PL 1 foot. 30 C. MULTICAU'LIS (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined.) herbaceous, smooth ; leaves all sessile, trifoliate ; leaflets oblong-linear, blunt- ish ; flowers hexandrous ; siliques on very short stipes. Q. H. Native of Mexico. Flowers yellow. Many-stemmed Cleome. PI. 1 foot. 31 C. VIOLA* CEA (Lin. spec. 940.) herbaceous, clothed with glandular pubescence ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets and upper leaves linear ; siliques sessile, puberulous, deflexed, linear, acuminated with the short style. O- H. Native of Portugal in sandy places. Schkuhr. handb. t. 189. f. b. exclusive of the synonym of Gaert. Flowers violaceous or purple, and spotted with yellow. Fiolaceous-Rowered Cleome. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1776. PL 1 ft. 32 C. DEFLE'XA (D. C. prod. 1 . p. 240.) herbaceous, covered with glandular pubescence ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets and upper leaves oblong-linear ; siliques sessile, deflexed, smooth, acumi- nated. O- S. Native of Peru or Portugal. Very like C. vio~ lacea and probably only a variety of it. Flowers purplish. Deflexed-podded Cleome. PL 1 foot. 33 C. DILLENIA'NA (B.C. prod. 1. p. 240.) herbaceous, co- vered with glandular pubescence ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets oblong-linear, length of petiole ; siliques oblong-linear, almost sessile, deflexed, pubescent, pointed with the style. O- H. Native of the Levant. Dill. elth. t. 266. C. ornithopodioides of authors, exclusive of the synonym of Buxbaum. Flowers small, pale-yellow, with saffron-coloured anthers. Dillenius's Cleome. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1732. PL 1 to 2 ft. 34 C. ARA BICA (Lin. spec. 939.) herbaceous, covered with glandular pubescence ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets oblong ; siliques oblong, deflexed, almost sessile, puberulous ; seeds hairy. O-H. Native of sandy places from Arabia to Mauritania. Lin. fil. dec. t. 8. Siliquaria glandulosa, Forsk. descr. 78. Flowers white with yellow veins, and tinged with purple at the top. Filaments yellow. N n 274 CAPPARIDE^E. IV. CLEOME. Arabian Cleome. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1794. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 35 C. IBE'RICA (B.C. prod. 1. p. 210.) herbaceous, covered with glandular pubescence ; leaves trifoliate, on short petioles ; siliques on short stipes, puberulous, somewhat pendulous, toru- lose, scarcely longer than the pedicels of the flowers. O • H. Native of Iberia about Tiflis. Cleome ornithopodioides Iberica, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 130. Flowers yellowish. Iberian Cleome. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. $ to 1 foot. 36 C. VIRGA'TA (Stev. in litt.) herbaceous, covered with glan- dular pubescence ; leaves trifoliate, on short petioles ; leaflets oblong-linear ; siliques on short stipes, puberulous, somewhat pendulous, torulose, three times longer than the pedicels. O-H. Native of the north of Persia. Buxb. cent. 1 . t. 9. f. 2. Flowers yellowish, with saffron anthers. Twiggy Cleome. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot. 37 C. BRACHYCA'RPA (Vahl. ined.) suffruticose ; younger plants glandular, adult ones smooth ; leaves trifoliate, on short petioles ; leaflets oval-oblong, thick ; siliques sessile, ovate, terete, bearing the style. 3/ . F. Native of Arabia. Cleome ornithopodioides, Forsk. fl. arab. no. 402. Flowers yellowish. Short-podded Cleome. PI. 1 foot. 38 C. FOLIOLOI SA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 240.) herbaceous, smooth, glaucous ; leaves almost sessile, trifoliate ; leaflets and upper leaves almost orbicular ; siliques almost sessile, oblong-linear, beset with glandular hairs. O-H. Native of Persia. Flowers whitish, or rather yellowish. Leafy Cleome. PL 1 foot. 39 C. CANE'SCENS (Stev. ined.) herbaceous, glaucescent, some- what strigosely-pubescent ; leaves 3-4-foliate ; leaflets and upper leaves oblong-linear ; siliques stipitate, puberulous, erectish, torulose, equal in length with the pedicels of flowers. (•)• H. Native of southern Tauria. Flowers yellowish. Canescent Cleome. PL 1 foot. 40 C. PARVIFLORA (R. Br. in Salt's abyss. 65.) herbaceous, covered with glandular pubescence ; leaves 4-foliate ; leaflets and upper leaves elliptical-ovate ; siliques sessile, oblong, covered with glandular pubescence, bearing the style, somewhat shorter than the pedicels. Q. H. Native of Abyssinia. Flowers yellowish. Petioles as well as nerves prickly. Small-flowered Cleome. Fl. June, July. PL 1 foot. 41 C. A'SPERA (Keen. ined. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 241.) herba- ceous, clothed with rough hairs ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets ob- long ; siliques sessile, terete, smooth, acuminated with the style. .Q. H. Native of Coromandel. Habit of Polanisia felina, but the flowers are hexandrous. Flowers yellowish. Rough Cleome. PL 1 foot. 42 C. FLA'VA (Banks, herb, et D. C. prod. 1. p. 241.) herba- ceous, covered with glandular pubescence, somewhat glaucous ; lower leaves quinate ; upper ones ternate ; leaflets oblong ; siliques sessile, striated, clothed with glandular pubescence. 0. H. Native of New Holland. Flowers yellow. !Wfo»i)-flowered Cleome. PL 1 foot. 43 C. RUTIDOSPE'RMA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 241.) herbaceous, smooth ; leaves all trifoliate ; leaflets oval-oblong ; siliques smooth, stipitate, elongated, pointed. Q, H. Native of To- bago ? Habit of Gynandropsis triphylla, but the torus is not elongated. Flowers whitish. Rough-seeded Cleome. PI. 1 foot. 44 C. POLY'GAMA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 241.) herbaceous, smooth ; leaves stalked, lower ones simple, the rest trifoliate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, somewhat serrulated ; sili- ques almost sessile, terete, smooth. O- S. Native of the West India Islands. Flowers white, with purple stamens ; anthers yellow. Var. a, C. polygama, Lin. spec. 939. — Sloane, jam. t. 124. f. 1. Far. (3, C. serrata, Lin. spec. 939. Jacq. amer. ed. pict. t. 262. f. 73. a leaf. Flowers white. Polygamous Cleome. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1 824. PL 1 to 2 ft. 45 C. ACULEA'TA (Lin. syst. 3. p. 232.) herbaceous, smooth ; stipulas spinescent ; leaves trifoliate, floral ones ovate ; siliques somewhat stipitate, terete, torulose, smooth. Q. S. Native of South America, in sandy places. Flowers white. .Pnc%-stipuled Cleome. Fl. July. Clt. 1817. PL 1 to 2 ft. 46 C. HOUSTONI (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 131.) herbaceous, clothed with glandular down ; stipulas and petioles spinescent ; leaves ternate or quinate ; floral ones oval-oblong ; siliques on short stipes, clothed with glandular down. O- H. Native of Jamaica. Mart. dec. t. 45. Flowers white. Houston's Cleome. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1730. PL 1 to 1^ foot. 47 C. HUMBO'IDTII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 141.) herbaceous, smooth ; petioles long, prickly ; leaves ternate or quinate, floral ones ovate, on short stalks, shorter than the pedicels ; siliques stipitate, smooth, pointed with the style. Native of South America. Cleome parviflora, Humb. Bonpl. and Kth. nov. gen. 5. p. 83. not of R. Br. Flowers white. Humboldfs Cleome. Fl. Ju. July. PL 1 to 1| foot. 48 C. DIFFU'SA (Banks, herb. et. D. C. prod. 1. p. 241.) herbaceous, smoothish, diffuse ; stipulas spinescent ; leaves trifo- liate, floral ones ovate, shorter than the pedicels ; siliques oblong- linear, 6-times longer than the stipe. . O-S. Native about Rio Janeiro, in Brazil. Flowers white. Diffuse Cleome. Fl. Ju. Jul. -Clt. 1823. PL 1 foot long. 49 C. AFFI'NIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 241.) herbaceous, smooth- ish, diffuse, unarmed ; leaves trifoliate, floral ones ovate, shorter than the pedicels ; siliques oblong-linear, 10-times longer than the stipe. O- S. Native of Brazil, at Rio Janeiro. Very like C. diffusa. Flowers whitish. Allied Cleome. Fl. Ju. Jul. PL 1 foot. 50 C. RUBE'LLA (Burch. cat. no. 2025. trav. 1. p. 543.) her- baceous, covered with glandular pubescence ; leaves with 5 -linear, smooth, glaucous leaflets ; siliques sessile, smooth, pubescent. O- H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers reddish. Reddish-Rowered Cleome. PL 1 foot. 51 C. ANGUsiiFOvLiA(Forsk. segyp.p.120.) herbaceous, smooth, dotted at the top ; lower leaves with 7 leaflets, upper ones tri- foliate ; leaflets linear filiform ; siliques stipitate, pendulous. Q. H. Native of Arabia Felix. Cleome filifolia, Vahl. symb. 1. p. 48. Flowers with yellow petals, and violet and yellow anthers and filaments. Narron-leaved Cleome. PL 1 foot. •f Species not sufficiently knonin. 52 C. PARADO'XA (R. Br. in Salt's abyss, p. 65.) suffruti- cose at the base, smooth ; herbaceous at the top and scabrous with glandular hairs ; leaves ternate, or quinate ; leaflets glaucous, ob- long-linear, much shorter than the muricated petiole. Tj . S. Native of Abyssinia. Flowers whitish ? Paradoxical Cleome. Fl. June, July. PL 1 foot. 53 C. CUNEIFO'LIA (Muhl. from Nut. gen. amer. 2. p. 73.) herbaceous, smooth ; leaves simple, cuneated, retuse ; siliques stipitate. ©. H. Native of Georgia, in North America. Flow- ers white ; filaments 6, long, capillary. Wedge-leaved Cleome. Fl. June, July. PL 1 foot. 54 C? ARBOREA (Schrad in Goett. anz. 1821, p. 707.) un- armed, polyandrous ; stamens seated near the base of the stipe of the ovary ; leaves ovate, acuminated. T? . S. Native of Paraiba, in Brasil. A tree, with small yellow flowers. Perhaps a species of Polanisia. Tree Cleome. Tree 30 feet. Cult. The shrubby species of Cleome thrive best in a rich light soil, and ripened cuttings root freely under a hand-glass, in a mo- derate heat ; but as most of the species seed freely, this will be CAPPARIDE.E. V. POLANISIA. VI. PHYSOSTEMON. VII. CORYNANDRA. 275 unnecessary. The seeds of the annual species require to be sown on a hot-bed frame, early in spring ; and when the plants are of sufficient size they should be planted out into the open border, but this should never be done before the middle of May. The biennial species require to be kept in the stove ; cuttings of these will strike root freely under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat. V. POLANI'SIA (n-oXv, poly, many, avtaoe, anisos, un- equal ; stamens numerous and unequal.) Raf. journ. phys. aout. 1819. p. 98. D. C. prod. 1. p. 242. LIN. SYST. Octo-Polyandria, Monogynta. Calyx 4-sepalled, spreading. Petals 4. Stamens 8-32. Torus small. Silique sessile within the calyx, or scarcely stipitate, terminated by a dis- tinct style. Annual herbs with the habit of Cleome. SECT. I. BRACHY'STYLA (from ftpa\vt, brachys, short, and crvXoe, stylos, a style ; because of the style being shorter than the ovary.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 242. Style shorter than the ovary. This section, according to Mr. Brown, includes in addition to the species from which the genus was formed, at least two sets of plants having very little affinity with each other, or with the original species, whose only congener is P. uniglandulbsa. 1 P. DIA'NTIIERA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 242.) smooth, somewhat prickly ; leaflets 7, linear-filiform ; stamens 8, 6 sterile, and 2 bearing anthers ; silique stipitate, pendulous. Q. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Cleome diandra, Burch. trav. 1. p. 548. cat. no. 2103. Flowers red. Tno-anthered Polanisia. Fl. July, Aug. PL 1J foot. 2 P. CHELIDONIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 242.) pilosely-hispid ; leaflets 7-9, obovately-cuneated ; stamens 24-32 ; silique sessile — ? Native of the East Indies. Cleome chelidonia, Lin. fil. suppl. 300. Flowers rose-coloured, somewhat like those of Romeria hybrida, whence the specific name. Celendine-like Polanisia. Fl. Jul. Nov. Clt. 1792. PI. 1§ ft. 3 P. ANOULA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 242.) smooth ; stem some- what triquetrous ; leaflets 5-7, oblong-linear ; silique sessile, striated. 0. H. Native of Java. Flowers violet. Angular-stemmed Polanisia. Fl. Ju. July. PI. 1J foot. 4 P. OXYPHY'LLA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 242.) glandular and pilose ; leaflets 3-7, elliptical-oblong; stamens 8-12 ; siliques on short stipes, striated, puberulous, pendulous. Q ? H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Cleome oxyphylla, Burch. cat. no. 1887. Flowers yellow. Sharp-leaved Polanisia. Fl. July, Sep. PI. 1-J foot. 5 P. GRAVE' OLENS (Rafin. journ. phys. aout. 1819. p. 98.) plant beset with glandular hairs ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets ellip- tical-oblong ; stamens 8-12; siliques oblong, narrowed at the base, glandularly-muricated, pubescent. 0. H. Native of North America. Cleome dodecandra, var. Canadensis, Lin. spec. 939. Bart. fl. amer. t. 22. — Corn. can. 131. icon. Flowers small, pinkish. This plant is employed as a vermifuge. Strong-scented Polanisia. Fl. July, Sep. Clt -- ? PI. 2 feet. 6 P. VISCOSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 242.) plant covered with glandular hairs ; leaflets 3-5, obovately-cuneate or oblong ; stamens 8-20 ; siliques oblong, sessile, striated, covered with glandular hairs. ©. H. Native of the East Indies. Flowers small, yellow. Far. a, Cleome viscvsa, Lin. spec. 938. — Rheed. mal. 9. t. 23. Var. ft, Clebme icosdndra, Lin. spec. 938. — Burm. zeyl. t. 99. This plant has an acrid taste something like mustard, and is eaten by the natives among other herbs as a salad. Clammy Polanisia. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1730. PL 2 feet. 7 P. DODECA'NDRA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 242.) puberulously-sca- brous ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets smooth, elliptical-lanceolate, somewhat serrulated ; stamens 8-12; siliques sessile, narrowed at the base, smooth. Q. H. Native of the East Indies. Cleome doilecandra, Lin. spec. 939. exclusive of the synonym of Sloane. — Burm. zeyl. t. 100. f. 1. Flowers with white petals and a purplish calyx. Dodecandrous Polanisia. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1795. PI. 1 ft. 8 P. FELI'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 242.) strigose ; leaves almost radical, trifoliate ; leaflets wedge-shaped ; stamens 28-32 ; sili- ques almost sessile, smooth. © ? H. Native of the East In- dies. Cleome felina, Lin. fil. suppl. 300. Flowers small, red. The leaves are rough and pointed at the end, which has been liken- ed to the roughness of a cat's tongue, whence the specific name. Ca/-tongue-leaved Polanisia. Fl. June, Sept. PI. 1^- foot. SECT. II. STYLA'RIA (from oruXoe, stylos, a style ; because of the style being longer than the ovary.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 242. Style much longer than the ovary. 9 P. UNIGLANDULOSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 242.) plant covered with glandular pubescence ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets and brae- teas oblong-lanceolate ; stamens 8-16 ; siliques sessile, somewhat puberulous. ©.H. Native of Mexico at Acapulco. Cleome uniglandulosa, Cav. icon. 4. t. 306. Flowers white, with rose- coloured filaments, and yellow anthers. One-glanded Polanisia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1823. PI. l£ ft.' Cult. The species of Polanisia being all annual plants from tropical countries, the seeds require to be sown in a hot-bed frame, and when the plants are of sufficient size they should be planted out into the open border in a sheltered situation, but this should not be done before the middle of May. A plant of each should be kept in pots and placed in the green-house during summer, in order to secure seeds for next year's sowing, in case the summer should prove unfavourable for ripening in the open border. This may be said of all the annual plants belonging to Cap- faridece. VI. PHYSOSTE'MON (from ort~\eaved Caper-tree. Shrub 3 feet. 12 C. CANE'SCENS (Banks, ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 246.) sti- pulas spinose, straight ; leaves ovate, somewhat acute, velvety- puberulous, 6-times longer than the petioles ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, length of the leaves. Tj . G. Native of New South Wales. Flowers white. Hoary Caper-tree. Shrub 3 or 4 feet. 13 C. HETERACA'NTHA (D.C. prod. 1. p. 246.) stipulas spi- nose, some are straight, others hooked ; leaves orbicular, velvety, on very short petioles. Tj . F. Native between Bagdad and Aleppo. Leaves almost 3-nerved. Flowers white. Variable-spined Caper-tree. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 4 feet. 14 C. LEUCOPHY'LLA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 246.) stipulas spinose, hooked ; leaves orbicular, hoary- velvety, on very short petioles ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, longer than the leaves. Tj . F. Native between Bagdad and Aleppo. Flowers white. Fruit smooth, with 6 longitudinal veins. White-leaved Caper-tree. Fl. May. Aug. Shrub 3 or 4 feet. 15 C. TOMENTO'SA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 606.) stipulas spinose, hooked ; leaves ovate-oblong, blunt, velvety-tomentose ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves, fj. S. Native of Senegal. Flowers white. Tomentose Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet. 16 C. DEALBA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 2-16.) stipulas spinose, short, hooked ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, younger ones rather velvety, at length becoming very smooth on the upper surface ; pedicels solitary, f-flowered, length of the pe- tioles, fj . S. Native of Timor. Flowers white. Whitened Caper-tree. Shrub 4 feet. 17 C. BREVISPI'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 246.) stipulas spinose, short, straight ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, mucronate, smooth ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, 3-times longer than the petioles. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers white. Short-spined Caper-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 18 C. ERYTHROCA'RPA (Isert. berl. natur. 9. p. 339. t. 9.) stipulas spinose, reflexed ; leaves oblong, acuminated, younger ones as well as branches somewhat velvety from stellate hairs, but at length becoming smooth ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, longer than the very short petioles. Jj . S. Native of Guinea. Flowers white. Fruit red. Red-fruited Caper-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 19 C. RHEE'DII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 246.) stipulas spinose, straight ; leaves oval-oblong, mucronate, smooth, on very short petioles, netted on the under surface ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, about the length of the leaves. Tj. S. Native of Malabar in sandy places. Badiikka, Rheed. mal. 6. t. 57. Differing from C. Badiicca of Lin. in which there are many species confused. Flowers large, white, with a faint mixture of red. Rheede's Caper-tree. Fl. ? Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 20 C. AFZE'LII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 246.) stipulas spinose, hooked ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, younger ones somewhat pu- berulous, adult ones smooth, on very short petioles ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered. Jj . S. Native of the western coast of Africa. Flowers white. Very like C. Rheedii, Afzelius's Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 21 PYRIFO'LIA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 606.) stipulas spinose, short, hooked ; leaves oval-lanceolate, acute, younger ones rather tomentose, adult ones smooth ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, much shorter than the leaves. T? . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers white. Pear-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 22 C. STYLO'SA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 246.) stipulas spinose, spreading ; leaves oval-lanceolate, acute, younger ones some- what woolly, adult ones smooth; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, 3-times longer than the petioles ; sepals acuminated, ovary nar- rowed out into a thick style. ^ • S. Native of Coromandel in sandy places. Flowers white. Var. ft, velutina (D. C. 1. c.) plant somewhat hoary with short down. Native of Mysore. Long-styled Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 23 C. HO'RRIDA (Lin fil. suppl. 264.) stipulas spinose, spread- 280 CAPPARIDE^E. XIII. CAPPARIS. ing; leaves ovate, vnucronate ; pedicels 1 -flowered, rising above the axils of the leaves, 2 or 4 together. T? . S. Native of Coromandel and Ceylon. Flowers white. Horrid Caper-tree. Shrub 1 0 feet. 24 C. PUBIFLORA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 246.) stipulas spinose, spreading, small, straight ; leaves oval-oblong, acuminated, smooth, pedicels 1 to 3 together, axillary, twice the length of the petioles. *} . S. Native of Timor ? and Java. Petals downy, white. Dmvny-flonered Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 25 C. APHY'LLA (Roth. nov. spe. p. 238.) stipulas spinose ; leaves none? umbels of flowers almost sessile, rising from the axils of the stipulas ; stem flexuous, dichotomous, leafless, and is, as well as the divaricate branches, very smooth. Tj . S. Na- tive of the East Indies. Flowers white ? Leafless Caper-tree. Clt. 1 822. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 26 LINEA'TA (Pers. synop. 2. p. 60.) leaves ovate, acumi- nated, on short foot-stalks, at last becoming glabrous on the upper surface ; under surface, as well as brandies, covered with velvety tomentum ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered. tj . S, Na- tive of Brazil, at Rio Janeiro. Flowers white. Lined-leaved Caper-tree. "Shrub 6 feet. 27 C. DIVARICA'TA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 606.) stipulas spinose, hooked, divaricate ; leaves glabrous, linear, acute, on very short foot-stalks. J? . S. Native of Coromandel. This plant cer- tainly belongs to Sect. Eucdpparis, but the flowers and fruit are unknown. Divaricated stipuled Caper-tree. Shrub 10 feet. § 2: Seriales (from sero, to lay in order ; because of the flowers being disposed in something like whorles.) Pedicels 1- flonered, rising above the axils of the leaves, several together, and disposed in a vertical series. 28 C. ZEYLA'NICA (Lin. spec. 720.) stipulas spinose, straight ; leaves oval, pointed at both ends, smooth ; pedicels 2 or 3 toge- ther, 3-times longer than the petiole. Jj • S. Native of Ceylon and Java. Flowers small, white, 12-anthered. Perhaps the same as C. Zeyltinica of Lour, which is described as having a small, black, round, 3-seeded berry. Ceylon Caper-tree. Clt. 1819. Shrub 6 feet. 29 C. BILLARDIE'RII (D. C. prod. l.p. 247.) stipulas spinose, straight ; leaves oval-oblong, veiny-netted, and are, as well as branches, smooth ; pedicels 3-together ; ovary almost sessile. fj . S. Native of the Molucca Islands, at the straits of Bouton. Flowers white. La Billardiere's Caper-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 80 C. ACUMINA'TA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1131.) stipulas spinose, hooked at the top ; leaves ovate, mucronately-acuminated; rusty- tomentose on the under surface ; pedicels 2-3 together. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Petals white, ciliated with down. Perhaps this plant is referable to t. 29. of Braam. icon. chin. 1821. Taper-pointed-\ea.ved Caper-tree. Clt. 1822. Shrub 6 feet. 31 C. FOS'TJDA (Blum, bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 644.) stipulas spinose, straight; leaves oval, acuminated, a little cordate at the base, clothed beneath, as well as the branches with stellate down ; pedicels solitary, or 2-5 together, twice the length of the petiole ; petals villous. Tj . S. Native of Java. Flowers white. Like C. acuminata. Fetid Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 32 C. MICRA'NTHA (Blum. 1. c.) stipulas spinose, small, straight ; leaves oval, scariose, coriaceous, smooth, somewhat cordate at the base ; pedicels 2-6 together, shorter than the pe- tioles. Tj . S. Native of Javai Flowers probably white. Small-flowered Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 33 C. CALLO'SA (Blum. 1. c.) stipulas spinose, straight ; leaves oblong, scariose at the apex, coriaceous, smooth, rounded at the base ; pedicels solitary, 1-2-3 together, about equal in length with the petioles. Tj . S. Native of Java. Flowers probably white. Allied to the preceding. Callous Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 34 C. FLEXUO'SA (Blum. 1. c.) stipulas spinulose, very short ; leaves elliptical-oblong, acute at both ends, coriaceous, smooth, but scariose at the apex ; pedicels on the younger branches, 2-4- together, equal in length with the petioles. fj . S. Native of Java. Flowers probably white. Allied to the two preceding. /YeiEMOws-branched Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 35 C. VOLKAME'RLE (D. C. prod. 1. p. 247.) stipulas spinose, hooked at the top ; leaves ovate, pointed with a callous mucrone, rusty-velvety on the under surface alonp; the nerves ; pedicels 2-3 together. fj • Gr. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Volkameria Capensis, Burm. prod. cap. 1 7. Petals white, cili- ated with hairs. yolkameria-like Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 36 C. LASIA'NTHA (R. Br. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 247.) stipulas spinose ; leaves ovate-oblong, on very short petioles, at length smooth, younger ones as well as branchlets and calyx velvety ; pedicels 2-3 together. Jj . S. Native of New Hol- land on the eastern coast within the tropic. Flowers white. Woolly-flowered Caper-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 37 C. TERNIFLORA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 247.) stipulas spinose, hooked ; leaves ovate-mucronate, at length smooth, younger ones pubescent ; pedicels 3 together ; sepals velvety. Tj , S. Na- tive of Coromandel. Flowers white. Tern-flomered Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 38 C. QUADRIFLORA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 247.) stipulas spinose, straightish ; leaves ovate, acuminated, with a callous point, upper surface smooth, under surface velvety, as well as branches and calyx ; pedicels 4 together. Tj . S. Native of the East In- dies. C. pyrifolia ft, Lam. diet. 1. p. 606.— Pluk. phyt. t. 107. f. 3. Flowers white. Four -flowered Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 39 C. QUINIFLORA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 247.) stipulas none; leaves ovate, somewhat acuminated, younger ones pubescent, at length smooth ; pedicels 4-6, together. J; . G. Native of New Holland on the northern coast. Flowers white. Five-flowered Caper-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 40 C. MICRACA'NTHA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 247.) stipulas spinose, small, straight ; leaves oval, blunt, pointed with a callous mu- crone ; pedicels 4-6 together. Jj . S. Native of Java. Flowers white. Small-spined Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. § 3. Corymbbsce (from corymbus, a corymb ; because of the flowers being disposed in corymbs.) Pedicels disposed in corymbs or racemes. Flowers polyandrous. 41 C. CITRIFOLIA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 606.) stipulas spinose, hooked ; leaves oblong, mucronate, smooth ; pedicels umbellate, terminal. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. There is a variety of this plant with puberulous branches. Flowers small, white. Citron-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 42 C. SEPIA'RIA (Lin. spec. 720.) stipulas spinose, hooked ; leaves ovate, somewhat emarginate, and pubescent on the under surface as well as the branches ; pedicels umbellate, terminal. T? . S. Native of the East Indies in hedges. — Pluk. phyt. t. 338. f. 3. Flowers small, white. Var. ft, glabrata (D. C. 1. c.) adult leaves smooth. Native of Timor. Hedge Caper- tree. Fl. Clt. 1823. Shrub 4 to 8 feet. CAPPARIDEiE. XV. CAPPARIS. 281 43 C. CALLOPHY'LLA (Blum, bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 645.) stipulas spinose, hooked ; leaves oval, coria- ceous, smooth, with a callous mucrone at the point ; racemes elongated ; pedicels umbellate. J? . S. Native of Java. C. tylo- phylla, Spreng. syst. append, p. 201. Flowers probably white. Beautiful-leaved Caper- tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 44 C. UMBELLA'TA (R. Br. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 247.) unarmed ; leaves oval, blunt ; somewhat emarginate, smooth ; branchlets and petioles pubescent; pedicels umbellate, terminal. Tj . G. Native of New Holland on the eastern coast within the tropic. Flowers white. Umbellate-fiowered Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 45 C. INCANE'SCENS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 247.) stipulas spinose, hooked ; leaves elliptical, mucronate, and are hoary as well as the branches from appressed down ; pedicels umbellately-corym- bose, terminal. TJ . S. Native of Mysore. Flowers white. Jncanescent Caper-tree. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 46 C. CORYMBO'SA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 605.) stipulas spinose, hooked ; leaves oval, or obovate, smooth, but usually pubescent beneath ; pedicels corymbose, terminal, and axillary, f? . S. Native of Senegal and Gambia. Flowers white. Perhaps the plant with the smooth is specifically distinct from that with the pubescent leaves. Corymbose-flowered Caper-tree. Fl. Mar. Ap. May. Sh. 8 ftt 47. C. CANE'SCENS ; stipulas spinose ; leaves tomentose, lan- ceolate-obovate, emarginate ; pedicels corymbose, terminal, f; . S. Native of the eastern coast of Africa, Flowers white. Candescent Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet. 48 C. ROXBU'RGHII (D.C. prod.l . p. 247.)stipulas of the branches spinose, reflexed, on the branchlets none ; leaves elliptical, smooth ; branchlets grey-velvety ; pedicels racemosely-corymbose. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers white. (C. A'guba, herb. Banks.) Roxburgh's Caper-tree. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 49 C. OBOVA'TA (Buch. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 248.) leaves obovate, cinereously- velvety on the under surface as well as the branches ; pedicels racemosely-corymbose. 1? . S. Native of Mysore. Flowers probably white. Obovate-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 50 C. MA'XIMA (Roth. nov. spec. 237.) unarmed; leaves roundish-ovate, narrowed a little at both ends, upper surface smooth, shining, under surface pubescent, and is as well as the branches greyish ; racemes terminal, somewhat paniculate, f? . S, Native of the East Indies. Flowers white. Greatest Caper-tree. Tree 20 feet. 51 C. GRA'NDIS (Lin. fil. suppl. 263.) unarmed; leaves ovate, and are as well as younger branches somewhat velvety, adult ones smooth ; racemes terminal. Ij . S. Native of Cey- lon. Flowers pale yellow. Fruit small, globose. Grand Caper-tree. Tree 30 feet. 52 C. RACEMI'FERA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 248.) stipulas of the branches rather spinose, unequal, none on the branchlets ; leaves obovate, upper surface smooth, under surface pubescent, as well as the younger branches ; racemes terminal. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers white. Raceme-bearing Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 53 C. PUBE'RULA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 248.) stipulas on the branches spinose, hooked, those on the branchlets punctiform ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, upper surface smooth, under surface some- what velvety as well as the branchlets ; racemes terminal. Ij . S. Native on the western coast of tropical Africa. Flowers white. Puberulous Caper-tree. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 54 C. BRA'SSII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 248.) stipulas spinose, hooked ; leaves ovate- lanceolate, smooth ; branchlets and pe- tioles pubescent ; racemes corymbose, axillary. Tj . S. Native on the western coast of Africa, at Cape Coast, and Acra. Flowers white. . VOL. i. — PART in. Brass's Caper-tree. Clt. 1793. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 55 C. FAScicuLA1 RIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 248.) stipulas on the branches spinose, somewhat hooked, none on the branchlets ; leaves elliptical, adult ones smooth ; racemes fasciculately-co- rymbose, axillary. Jj . S. Native on the western coast of Africa, at Cape Coast, and Acra. Flowers white. Fascicled-corymbed Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 56 C. LANCEOLA'RIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 248.) stipulas spinose, hooked ; leaves lanceolate, acute ; racemes axillary, somewhat corymbose ; pedicels furnished on each side at their base with a spinose stipula. Tj , S. Native of Java. C. Salaccensis, Blum. Flowers white. ianceo&zr-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. § 4. Octdndrce (so named because of the flowers being oc- tandrous). Pedicels axillary, usually many-flowered; flowers octandrous. Perhaps a proper section. Species all from the Cape of Good Hope. 57 C. CLUYTLKFOLIA (Burch. cat. no. 3881, and D. C. prod. 1. p. 248.) unarmed ; leaves oblong-cuneated, blunt, smooth, with a mucrone; pedicels axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered, one-half shorter than the leaves. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white. Cluylia-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 58 C. OLEOIDES (Burch. cat. no. 4200.) unarmed; leaves ob- long, smooth, narrowed at the base, blunt at the apex, with a mucrone ; racemes axillary, a little shorter than the leaves ; stalk of fruit shorter than the pedicel. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Berry globose, about the size of a pea. Flowers white. Olive-like Caper-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 59 C. CORIA'CEA (Burch. cat. no. 2898.) unarmed; leaves oblong, blunt, smooth ; racemes axillary, a little shorter than the leaves, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Scarcely differing from C. oleoldes. Flowers white. Leathery-\eave(l Caper-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 60 C. ALBITRU'NCA (Burch. cat. no. 1762. trav. 1. p. 343.) unarmed ; leaves oblong, very blunt, narrowed at the base, smooth ; racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves ; stalk of fruit length of the pedicel. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white. White-trunked Caper-tree. Tree 16 feet. 61 C. PUNCTA TA (Burch. cat. no. 1891. trav. 1. p. 492.) un- armed ; leaves oblong, somewhat narrowed at the base, and somewhat mucronate at the top, smooth, netted with veins ; race- mes axillary, much shorter than the leaves. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white. Dotted Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 62 C. RACEMULO'SA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 248.) stipulas spinose, small ; leaves oval-oblong, smooth ; racemes axillary, 3-times longer than the leaves. Ij . G. Native of South Africa. Flowers apetalous ? 8-12 stamened. /face»H«/o.se-rlowered Caper-tree. Slirub ? SECT. II. CAPPARIDA'STRUM (from Capparis, and astrum, an affixed signification). D. C. prod. 1. p. 248. Flower-bud some- what obovate, with small, roundish, equal sepals, imbricated before expansion. Stalk of fruit middle-sized. Branches un- armed. Leaves smooth. Species all from America. 63 C. FRONDO'SA (Jacq. amer. 162. t. 104. pict. 79. t. 153.) leaves leathery, lanceolate, acuminated, somewhat cordate at the base, 3-times or more, longer than the petiole ; pedicels corym- bose at the top of the peduncle. Tj.S. Native of Carthagena, in woods ; also in St. Domingo 'and New Granada. Flowers greenish or purple. Fruit purple, with whitish flesh. Leafy Caper-tree. Clt. 1800. Shrub 7 feet. Oo 282 CAPPARIDE^E. XV. CAPPARIS. 64 C. CUNEA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 249.) leaves leathery, obovately-cuneated, mucronate, 3-times longer than the petiole ; flowers racemose ; stalk of fruit longer than the pedicel of the flower, fy . S. Native of the West-India Islands. C. petiolaris, Banks, herb. Flowers white. Wedge-le&ved Caper-tree. Shrub 6-8 feet. 65 C. MACROPHY'LLA (H. B. and Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 91.) leaves leathery, oval, acutish at both ends, twice the length of the petioles ; flowers racemose, on long pedicels. Jj . S. Native on the banks of the river Magdalena. Flowers white inside. Long-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet, climbing. 66 C. PETIOLA'RIS (H. B. and Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 91.) leaves membranous, oval-oblong, blunt, twice the length of the petioles ; flowers racemose ; stalk of fruit double the length of the pedicel. ¥3 . S. Native near Guayaquil. Flowers white. Petiolar Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 67 C. TRIFLO'RA (Mill. diet. no. 10.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated at both ends, 3-times longer than the petioles ; pe- duncles S-flowered, much shorter than the leaves. Tj . S. Native of South America, about Tolu. Flowers small white, succeeded by oval fruit. Three-flowered Caper-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 68 C. BRASILIA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 249.) leaves oblong, narrowed at the base, somewhat cordate, almost sessile ; pedun- cles racemose ; stalk of fruit scarcely shorter than the pedicel. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, near Rio Janeiro. Flowers white. Brasilian Caper-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. SECT. III. CYNOPHA'LLA (from Kviav, kyon, a dog, and a\- Aoe, phallos, a phallus ; in allusion to the shape of the fruit.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 249. Flower-bud globose, with roundish se- pals, imbricated before expansion, and each furnished at the base with a gland or hollow. Siliques long, terete, fleshy. Stalk of fruit elongated. Species all from America. Unarmed shrubs, usually with glands in the axils of the leaves. 69 C. SE'SSILIS (Banks, herb, and D. C. prod. 1. p. 249.) leaves almost sessile, oval, cordate at the base ; axillary gland wanting or concave ; pedicels axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered. 1? . S. Native of Carthagena. Flowers white. Sessile-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet. 70 C. CYNOPHALLO'PHORA (Lin. spec. 721. Jacq. amer. t. 98. pict. t. 145.) leaves smooth, leathery, oblong, on short petioles ; axillary gland ovate-oblong ; peduncles few-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Jj . S. Native of the West-India Islands and South America. C. flexubsa, Lin. spec. 722. A very polymor- phous species ; perhaps a heterogeneous mass of species collected. Flowers large white, or greenish-white, fragrant. Fruit reddish when ripe, opening at the suture. Seeds enveloped in scarlet- pulp. Dog -phallus-bearing Caper-tree. Clt. 1752. Shrub 8 to 12 feet, with weak branches. 71 C. EUSTACHIA'NA (Jacq. amer. ed. pict. t. 146.) leaves smooth, somewhat coriaceous, ovate, acuminated, on short foot- stalks ; axillary gland ovate-oblong ; peduncles few-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Jj . S. Native of the Island of St. Eustach. Flowers purple. St. Eustach Caper-tree. Clt. 1822. Shrub 6 feet. 72 C. SALI'ONA (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 66.) leaves smooth, lea- thery, on short petioles, linear, somewhat dilated at the base, and cordate ; axillary gland ovate-oblong. T; . G. Native of Santa Cruz. Flowers white. Willonnj Caper-tree. Clt. 1807. Shrub 8 feet. 73 C. HASTA'TA (Lin. spec. 722. Jacq. amer. t. 174. f. 56. pict. t. 147.) leaves smooth, leathery, on short petioles, hastate at the base, or somewhat cordate, the rest long linear ; axillary gland wanting ; racemes terminal. fj . S. Native of the 1 woods of Carthagena. Flowers purple, somewhat odorous, and nearly 2 inches in diameter. Halbert-lenved Caper-tree. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 74 C. LINEARIS (Jacq. amer. t. 102. pict. t. 151.) leaves smooth, leathery, on very short petioles, linear, with glands in the axils ; racemes somewhat panicled. Jj . S. Native of Carthagena and Cumana, in woods. Flowers white, half-an-inch in diameter, scentless. Fruit orange-coloured. Zinear-leaved Caper-tree. Clt. 1793. Tree 15 to 20 feet. 75 C. LANCEOLA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 429. f. a. ined. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 249.) leaves smooth, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated ; peduncles panicled ; bracteas glanduliferous at the base. F; . S. Native of Guayaquil, on the banks of the Daule. Flowers white ; petals oblong-obovate, twice as long as the calyx. Siliques 2 hands long. Lanceolate-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 76 C. GUAYAQUILE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 89.) leaves smooth, oblong, blunt, somewhat retuse, on short petioles ; axillary gland truncate ; racemes terminal. Tj . S. Native of Guayaquil. Siliques 2 or 4 inches long, torulose. Flowers white. Guayaquil Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 77 C. L«XTA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 88.) leaves smooth, oblong, blunt at both ends, somewhat emarginate, on very short petioles ; axillary gland truncate ; racemes branched at the base. Tj . S. Native about Turbaco. Flowers white. Fruitful Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet. 78 C. SUBBI'LOBA (H. B. ct Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 90.) leaves smooth, elliptical, emarginately 2-lobed at the top, on short petioles ; axillary gland blunt ; racemes panicled, short. fj . S. Native about Cumana. Flowers white. Sub-bilobed-\ea.ved Caper-tree. Tree 20 feet. 79 C. PAUCIFLORA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 89.) leaves smooth, leathery, elliptical, blunt at both ends, somewhat emarginate ; axillary gland truncate ; peduncles 3-flowered. f; . S. Native of shady places near Cumana. Flowers un- known. Siliques 2 or 3 inches long. Few-flowered Caper-tree. Shrub. 80 C. VERRUCOSA (Jacq. amer. t. 99.) leaves smooth, oblong, blunt at the base, acutish at the top ; axillary gland wanting ; racemes terminal, few-flowered ; siliques warted. Tj . S. Na- tive of Carthagena and Island of St. Thomas, in low woods. Flowers white. Siliques 1^ inch long. Pulp of fruit white. Parted-podded Caper-tree. Clt. 1820. Shrub 8 feet. 81 C. MOLLIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 88.) leaves oblong, on short petioles, somewhat ovate at the base, and narrow- ed towards the top ; upper surface smooth, under surface vel- vety, as well as the branches ; axillary gland blunt ; racemes terminal, 8-flowered. tj . S. Native of Peru, on the banks of the Macera. Flowers white. Fruit unknown. Soft Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet. 82 C. HETEROPHY'LLA (Ruiz, et Pav. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 250.) leaves smooth, oblong-obovate, mucronate, or emargi- nate ; axillary gland pyxidiform ; racemes terminal, somewhat corymbose ; fruit club-shaped. ^ . S. Native of Guayaquil, in woods. Flowers small, white. Fruit an inch long. Variable-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet. 83 C. AMPLI'SSIMA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 607.) leaves smooth, oval, on short petioles ; axillary gland ovate ; pedicels few, or solitary at the top of the branches ; fruit ovate, fy . S. Native of Hispaniola and Mexico. Plum, ed Burm. t. 73. f. 2. exclu- sive of the synonyms. Flowers large, whitish-yellow. Fruit large. Very ample Caper-tree. Tree 30 feet., 84 C. SAXA'TILIS (H. B. et Kunth, ined. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 250.) leaves smooth, oval oblong, retuse, on short petioles ; pedicels loosely-racemose ; fruit ovate. 17 . S. Native of An- gustura, in the fissures of rocks. Flowers white. CAPPARIDE^:. XV. CAPPARIS. 283 Rock Caper-tree. Shrub 10 feet. 85 C. RACEMO'SA (Mill. diet. no. 5.) leaves opposite, on long footstalks, ovate ; peduncles 2-3-flowered. fj . S. Native of New Spain, near Carthagena. Flowers white. Siliques 2 or 3 inches long, the thickness of a man's little finger. Racemose Caper-tree. Tree 20 feet. 86 C. DIDYMOBOTRYS (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 429. f. b. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 253.) leaves oval, emarginate, some- what keeled, upper surface shining ; axillary glands none ; pe- duncles axillary, racemose, in pairs, distich ; siliques very long. fy . S. Native of Guayaquil, in woods. Flowers white. Double-bunched Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet. 87 C. MACROCA'RPA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. ined. 5. t. 530. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 250.) leaves smooth, oval, mucronate ; glands of the calyx large ; sepals and petals acute ; berry roundish. Tj . S. Native of Guayaquil, in woods, and near Loxa. Per- haps a proper section. Flowers white. Large-fruited Caper-tree. Shrub 10 feet. SECT. IV. CALA'NTHEA (from /caXoc, kalos, beautiful, and avQog, anthos, a flower ; because of the species contained in this section bearing beautiful flowers). D. C. prod. 1. p. 150. Sepals some- what linear, acute, reflexed, distant at the base. Fruit roundish. Species all from America. 88 C. PULCHE'RRIMA (Jacq. amer. t. 106.) leaves smooth, oblong, blunt, on very short footstalks ; axillary glands none ; racemes terminal, simple ; fruit somewhat pointed with the style, fj . S. Native of Carthagena on declivities of mountains. C. arborescens, Mill. diet. no. 21. Petals pale yellow, woolly, oblong ; filaments at first white, then beautiful purple. Berry yellow. Very-fair Caper-tree. Clt. 1700. Shrub 12 to 14 feet. 89 C. NEMORO'SA (Jacq. amer. ed. pict. t. 156.) leaves ovate, acuminate, upper surface smooth, under surface clothed with deciduous wool; fruit ovate-oblong. J? . S. Native of Car- thagena in woods. Flowers unknown. Grove Caper-tree. Tree 20 feet. SECT. V. BREYNIA'STRUM (plant like Cdpparis Breynia). D. C. prod. 1. p. 250. Breyniae spec. Plum. gen. t. 16. not of Forst. Sepals much smaller than the petals, triangular, acute. Berry oblong. Stalk of fruit shortish. Unarmed species from America. Peduncles axillary, many-flowered. " Flowers polyandrous. 90 C. AMYGDALA NA (Lam. diet. 1. t. 608. exclusive of the synonym of Jacq. and Lin.) leaves elliptical-oblong, narrowed towards both ends, with a callous point ; upper surface smooth, under surface covered with silvery scaly dots as well as the branches ; peduncles axillary, compressed, corymbiferous. Jj • S. Native of the West India islands and the continent of South America. Brey. icon. rar. p. 13. icone. Plum. gen. 40. t. 16. Pods a foot long. Flowers white. Var. /3, umbellata (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 97.) differ- ing from the species by the leaves being a little narrower. Almond-like Caper-tree. Clt. 1818. Shrub 6 feet. 91 C. BARCELLONE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 97.) leaves elliptical-oblong, acuminate, upper surface of younger leaves pubescent, under surface scaly, as well as the branches ; peduncles axillary and terminal, racemiferous. Jj . S. Native of New Barcelona in bushy places. Flowers whitish. Barcelona Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet. 92 C. COMOSA (Jacq. amer. t. 160.) leaves lanceolate, stalked; upper surface smooth, under surface grey-woolly ; peduncles FIG. 53. many-flowered ; stamens shorter than the corolla. Tj . S. Na- tive of St. Domingo in inundated places by the sea- side. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Tufted Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 93 C. ODORATI'SSIMA (Jacq. hort. Schoenbr. t. 110.) leaves oblong, acuminate, on long footstalks, upper surface smooth, under surface co- vered with little hard scales ; pe- duncles racemiferous at the top ; stamens 28-32, length of corolla. Tj . S. Native of Caraccas. Flowers violet, sweet-scented ; about the size of a myrtle, with yellow an- thers (f. 53.). Most-sweet-scented Caper-tree. Clt. 1814. Shrub 6 feet. 94 C. PACHA CA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 93.) leaves ovate- elliptical, somewhat emarginate, leathery, smooth, on very short footstalks ; racemes terminal, few-flowered ; fruit somewhat globose, pendulous. Tj . S. Native of Cumana in woods. Flowers green. Pachaca is the native name of the tree. Pachaca Caper-tree. Tree 25 feet. 95 C. SCA'BRIDA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 95.) leaves oblong, blunt at the base, acutish at the top, upper surface roughish, under surface somewhat velvety, on long footstalks ; branches and racemes tomentose; stamens 24, villous at the base. Tj . S. Native of South America. Fruit ovate-oblong, 1-j- inch long. Sepals oval-oblong, conniving into an ovate bud. Flowers white. Perhaps a separate section. Roughish-leaved. Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 96 C. TENUISI'LIQUA (Jacq. amer. 1. 105.) leaves lanceolate or ovate, smooth, stalked ; racemes terminal, many-flowered ; sta- mens 16-24, and are as well as the siliques very long. >j . S. Native of Carthagena, very frequent. Flowers greenish-white. Leaves deciduous. Slender-siliqued Caper-tree. Clt. 1822. Shrub 15 feet. 97 C. OBOVATIFOVLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 92.) leaves elliptical-obovate, somewhat cordate, smooth, on very long footstalks ; racemes somewhat axillary, many-flowered ; siliques somewhat elongated, pendulous. Tj . S. Native near Cumana. Flowers white ? Obovate-leetved Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 98 C. BREVisi'uauA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. icon. D.C. prod. 1. p. 251.) leaves elliptical, blunt, emarginate, smooth, on short footstalks ; pedicels terminal, 2-3-flowered, umbellate ; siliques torulose, twice the length of their stalks. J; . S. Na- tive of New Spain. Petals oblong-spatulate, whitish- green. Short-siliqued Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 99 C.?ovALir6LiA (Ruiz, & Pav. fl.per.t. 432. f. a. ined. D.C. prod. 1. p. 253.) leaves oval, mucronate or emarginate, under surface hoary-tomentose ; racemes many-flowered, axillary and terminal; calyx 4-notched; glands of calyx scale-formed, ciliated; stalk of fruit short. Tj . S. Native of Peru at lea and of Guaya- quil. Petals unguiculate, yellowish, with a purple margin. Stamens declinate, 12-18 ; exterior ones at the base somewhat monadelphous. Fruit oval. Oval-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 1 0 feet. * * Flowers octandrous. 100 C. ANGUSTIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 96. t.438. leaves linear, somewhat cordate at the base, on very short foot- stalks ; upper surface smooth, under surface somewhat pubes- cent ; peduncles corymbose, and are velvety, as well as the branch- Oo 2 284 CAPPARIDE^:. XV. CAPPARIS. lets. Tj . S. Native between Mexico and Acapulco. Branchlets sulcately-angular. Bud of flower ovate, woolly. Flowers white. Na.rrorv-lea.ved Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 101 C. FERRUGI'NEA (Lin. annpn. 5. p. 398.) leaves lanceo- late, acuminate, stalked, upper surface smooth, under surface covered with rusty hard scaly-like hairs ; branchlets downy ; pe- tioles rusty ; peduncles axillary, corymbosely-racemose at the top. fj . S. Native of Jamaica in bushy places by the sea-side, as well as in St. Domingo. — Browne, jam. t. 28. f. 1. C. octandra, Jacq. amer. t. 100. Flowers white, scentless, fragrant or fetid, according to various authors. The plant is strongly impregnated with an acrid volatile salt, like the mustard tribe ; and hence in Jamaica it has obtained the name of the Mustard Shrub. (Br.jam.) Rusty Caper-tree. Clt. ? Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 102 C. INCA'NA (H. B. etKunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 94.) leaves ovate-oblong, very much pointed, and are as well as the branchlets covered with appressed velvety wool ; racemes few-flowered, somewhat shorter than the leaves, fj . S. Native of South America between Mescala and Estola. Petals white, downy on the outside. Filaments of stamens very short. Fruit ovate, hoary, tomentose. Hoary Caper-tree. Tree 30 feet. 103 C. COKDA'TA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 432. f. b. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 251.) leaves cordate, roundish, woolly on both surfaces with stellate down ; peduncles racemose, few-flowered ; berry somewhat globose, few-seeded. Tj . S. Native of Guaya- quil. Flowers white. Cordate-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet. SECT. VI. QUADRE'LLA (from quadratus, square ; form of flower-bud) D. C. prod. 1. p. 251. Flower-bud somewhat quadrate, with the sepals valvate in the bud, with their margins somewhat revolute, and hence the sutures are rather prominent. Siliques dehiscent. Stalk of fruit elongated. Unarmed species from America, velvety or covered with scales. Peduncles ax- illary, many-flowered. 104 C. CROTONOI'DES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 95. t. 437.) leaves cordate-roundish, stalked, upper surface villous, under surface downy, as well as the branches ; racemes angular, terminal, few-flowered ; stamens 8 ; fruit globose. Tj . S. Na- tive in hot places by the river Magdalena. Flowers yellow. Croton-like Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet. 105 C. FURFURA'CEA (Ruiz, et Pav. in herb. Lamb. D. C. prod. 1. p. 252.) leaves elliptical-oblong, blunt, stalked, upper surface glabrous, under surface, as well as branches and foot- stalks velvety ; racemes terminal, angular, many-flowered ; stamens 12, hispid at the base, fy . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers white. Scurfy Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 106 C. SIDJEFOLIA (Ruiz, et Pav. in herb. Lamb. D. C. prod. 1. p. 252.) leaves ovate, cordate at the base, stalked, upper sur- face in the adult leaves glabrous, under surface velvety with starry down, as well as the branches ; racemes terminal, shorter than the leaves, somewhat corymbose. fy . S. Native of Peru. Stamens and fruit unknown. Sida-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 107 C. BRE'YNIA (Lin. spec. 721. Jacq. amer. t. 103. pict. t. 152.) leaves elliptical, leathery, stalked, upper surface gla- brous, under surface scaly, as well as the branchlets ; peduncles angular, racemosely-corymbose ; stamens 1 6 ; siliques very long. Jj . S. Native of the West India islands and the South American continent towards the sea in dry coppices. Breynia Indica and C. cynophallophora, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 503. Breyn. icon. 1 3. Leaves covered beneath with a mixture of small sil- very and rust-coloured dots or scales. Petals white, tinged with purple ; anthers yellow. Flowers about the size ef a myrtle. Far. ft, uniflora (D. C. prod. 1. p. 252.) C. siliquosa, Lin. spec. 721. exclusive of the synonyms. This variety has a shorter fruit stalk and very acute leaves, the upper surface is glitter- ing, and the lower surface is covered with ferrugineous and silvery scales or dots. Breynius's Caper-tree. Fl. » Clt. 1752. Shrub 12 feet. 108 C. JAMAICE'NSIS (Jacq. amer. t. 101.) leaves oblong, emarginate, leathery, upper surface glabrous, under surface and branches covered with grey tomentum ; peduncles few-flowered ; stamens 20. T; . S. Native of Jamaica. Fruit like those of C. Breynia, and probably only a variety of it. Flowers yellowish- white, fragrant. Jamaica Caper-tree. Clt. 1793. Shrub 6 feet. 109 C. TORULOSA (Swz. fl. hid. occ. 2. p. 932.) leaves ovate- lanceolate, leathery, stalked, upper surface glabrous, under sur- face scaly, as well as the branches ; peduncles few-flowered, racemosely-corymbose ; stamens 28 ; siliques very long. Tj . S. Native of the mountains of Jamaica and Barbadoes in bushy places. Flowers white. — Brown, jam. p. 246-2. TorttiW-siliqued Caper-tree. Clt. 1822. Shrub 6 feet. 110 C. INTERME DIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 98.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, leathery, stalked, upper surface gla- brous, under surface, as well as branchlets, scaly ; peduncles few-flowered, racemosely-corymbose at the top ; siliques terete, stalk of fruit short and thick. T? . S. Native of Cumana, where it is called Olive. Flowers white. Intermediate Caper-tree. Shrub 10 feet. 111 C. COMMUTA'TA -(Spreng. new. entd. 3. p. 57.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, glabrous ; peduncles racemose, elongated, naked ; stamens shorter than the corolla. T; . S. Native of Guadaloupe and Martinico. Habit of C. Breynia. Flowers white ? Changed Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet. •j- Capparides ; uncertain to nhich of the sections they belong. * Species natives of the old world. 112 C. MITHRIDA'TICA (Forsk. descr. 99.) leaves linear-lan- ceolate, blunt, glabrous, pendulous, stalked. Jj . G. Native of Arabia about Surdub. Perhaps a species of Capparis. Mithridate Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. N.B. Capparis Dahim of the same author is omitted, because it is evident from his description that it is a species of Zygo- phyllum or Ccesalpinia. * Unarmed species from America. 113 C. NI'TIDA (Ruiz, et Pav. ined. in litt. B.C. prod. 1. p. 252.) leaves oblong, acuminated, shining, glabrous, stalked ; pe- duncles axillary, 1 -flowered; fruit oval. T? • S. Native of the Andes of Peru in groves. Flowers yellow. Shining- leaved Caper-tree. Tree 30 feet. 114 C. FRUTICOSA (Mill. diet. no. 7.) leaves lanceolate, acute, leathery, on short footstalks ; flowers axillary, on short pedicels. Tj . S. Native of South America near Tolu. Petals white ; anthers purple ; filaments white. Shrubby Caper-tree. Shrub 14 feet. 115 C. AVICENNI^EFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 94.) leaves elliptical, blunt at both ends, on very short foot- stalks, upper surface glabrous, under surface as well as younger leaves canescent ; racemes shorter than the leaves ; calyx cam- panulate, 4-lobed ; stamens scarcely exceeding the petals in length ; fruit globose. Tj . S. Native of South America in the sand on the shores of the Pacific ocean and about Guayaquil. Flowers white. Avicennia-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 12 feet. 116 C. LONGIFOLIA (Swz. prod. 81.) leaves linear, acuminate, CAPPARIDE,E. XV. CAPPARIS. XVI. STEPHANIA. XVII. MORISONIA. XVIII. TOVARIA. 285 on short footstalks, upper surface glabrous, under surface as well as branchlets covered with mealy scales. Jj . S. Native of Jamaica and Barbadoes. — Pluk. phyt. t. 327. f. 6. Flowers white. Perhaps belonging to section Quadrella. Long-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet. 1 1 7 C. DOMINOE'NSIS (Spreng. in herb. Balb. D. C. prod. 1 . p. 253.) leaves oblong, on short footstalks, upper surface gla- brous, under surface as well as branchlets tomentosely-velvety ; peduncles corymbose, few-flowered ; fruit ovate, velvety ; stalk of fruit velvety, f? . S. Native of St. Domingo. Flowers un- known. Perhaps a species of Breyniastrum or Quadi ilia ? St. Domingo Caper-tree. Shrub 10 feet. 118 C. LAURI'NA (H. B. etKunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 93.) leaves oblong, blunt at both ends, stalked, leathery, glabrous ; racemes terminal ; fruit globose, pendulous. Tj . S. Native of Peru near Guancabamba. Flowers violet-coloured. Laurel- like Caper-tree. Tree 30 feet. 119 C. ANGULA'TA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. 5. per. t. 431. D. C. prod. 1. p. 253.) leaves ovate-oblong, mucronate, stalked, upper surface shining, under surface as well as branches velvety from 1 0-rayed hairs ; peduncles terminal, corymbosely racemose ; fruit ovate, angular. ^ . S. Native of Guayaquil. Fila- ments somewhat monadelphous at the base. Flowers white. Angular-fruited Caper- tree. Tree 10 feet. 120 C. VIRIDIFLORA (H. B. et Kunth. nov. spec. 5. p. 92.) leaves oval-oblong, cordate, mucronulate, on long footstalks, upper surface glabrous, under surface as well as branchlets pubescent ; racemes terminal, angular ; sepals obovate, very short. Tj • S. Native near Cumana in shady places. Flowers greenish. Silique linear. Green-flowered Caper-tree. Tree 20 feet ? 121 C. CONFE'RTA (Mill. diet. no. 8. exclusive of the syno- nyms) leaves elliptical, both ends acuminated, glabrous, on long footstalks ; racemes terminal, velvety ; pedicels compressed, shorter than the fruit-stalk. 1? . S. Native of Carthagena. Flowers white. Fruit oval. Crowded-flowered Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet. 122 C. PELTA'TA ; leaves coriaceous, at first round and peltate at the base, but at length becoming broad, cordate, and acumin- ated, beset with mealy scales while young, as well as the young branches. Jj . S. Native of Caraccas by the sea-side. Peltate-leaved Caper-tree. Clt. 1824. Tree 15 feet ? * * * Species doubtful whether they belong to Cdpparis. 123 C.? CANTONE'NSIS (Lour. fl. coch. ed. Willd. 1. p. 404.) stipulas spinose ; leaves ovate, acuminate, glabrous, wrinkled ; peduncles racemose ; flowers 5-petalled. Fj . G. Native of China near Canton. Flowers white. Fruit ovate. Canton Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet. 124 C. BRE'VIS (Spreng. from Fisch. cat. hort. gorenki, 1808. p. 85.) ovary sessile. Tj . S. Native of? .S'Aorf-fruited Caper-tree. Shrub ? Cult. All the species of Cdpparis thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat. Cuttings should be taken from young wood, and these will root freely if planted in a pot of sand and placed under a hand-glass ; those of the stove species should be placed in a good heat. The Cdpparis herbacea is only to be increased by seeds, but cuttings of this may also be tried. XVI. STEPHA'NIA (in honour of Fred. Stephan, once a professor at Moscow, died 1817, author of Enumeratio stirpium agri Mosquensis, &c.) Willd. spec. 2. p. 239. but not of Lour. LIN. SYST. Hexdndria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate, 2- lobed, (f. 54. a.). Petals 4 (f. 54. 6.). Torus small (f. 54. c.). Stamens 6 (f. 54. d.). Ovary stipitate (f. 54. e.) oblong. All unarmed shrubs, with simple leaves on long footstalks, and ter- minal racemes of flowers. 1 S. CLEOMOI'DES (Willd. 1. c.) FIG. 54. leaves oblong-lanceolate, much acu- minated, scarcely longer than the footstalks. Jj . S. Native of Ca- raccas in South America. Cap- paris paradoxa, Jacq. schcenb. t. 111. Flowers with a reddish- brown calyx, and yellow petals and stamens. Cleome-like Stephania. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 feet. 2 S. ELLI'PTICA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 253.) leaves elliptical, scarcely acuminated, double the length of the footstalks. fj . S. Native of the island of Trinidad. Fruit of both species unknown. Flowers yellowish ? Elli2>tical-\ea\ed Stephania. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. These plants thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand. Cuttings should be taken from young wood, planted in a pot of sand, and plunged in heat under a hand-glass. They are worth cultivating for the beauty of their flowers. XVII. MORISO'NIA (to the memory of Robert Morison, a Scotchman, once director of the Royal Garden at Blois, after- wards Professor of Botany at Oxford, author of Plantarum His- toria Universalis Oxoniensis, 1680, 2 vol. fol. He died 1683.) Plum. gen. t. 23. D. C. prod. 1. p. 254. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx obovate, bifid. Petals 4. Torus small. Stamens 20, somewhat monadelphous at the base ? Berry stipitate, globose. A tree with glabrous stalked alternate simple leaves, and dirty-white flowers. 1 M. AMERICA' NA (Lin. spec. 719. Jacq. amer. t. 97.) tj . S. Native of the West India islands, as well as the South American continent. Cdpparis Morisonia, Swartz, obs. 272. This tree is called in Martinique Bois Mabouia. American Morisonia. Clt. 1824. Tree 15 feet. Cult. This tree requires the same treatment as the species of Stephania, which see above. XVIII. TOVA'RIA (in honour of Simon Tovario, a Spanisli physician.) Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 73. t. 309. in herb. Lamb, and D. Don, in Edinb. new phil. journ. oct. 1828. LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 8 sepals, rarely 6-7 or 9, spreading, deciduous. Petals the same number, in- serted in an elevated fleshy tubercled disk. Stamens the same number, also inserted in the disk ; filaments awl-shaped, pilose at the base ; anthers bursting inwards. Ovary 1-celled, spherical, seated on the disk. Style short, thick, crowned by an 8-lobed stigma. Berry succulent, 8-nerved, many-seeded. A smooth green annual erect branched herb, with ternate leaves and many- flowered terminal pendulous racemes. Flowers white, small. The berry when mature is about the size of a cherry. The plant has the habit of Cledme, but with the fruit of the form and struc- ture of Morisonia and Cratce'va. The structure of the stigma shews its affinity to Papaveracea, and the structure of its seeds accords precisely with Reseda. 1 T. PE'NDULA (Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c. and syst. 1. p. 85. gen. p. 49. t. 8. Pav. in act. acad. madr. 1. p. 192.) Q. S. Native of Peru in groves between Chinchao and Pati. Pendulous-racemed Tovaria. Fl. Aug. Sep. PI. 6 feet. Cult. The seeds of this plant should be sown in a pot in spring, and placed in a hot-bed frame, and when the plants are about three inches high, they should be planted separately in small pots, and then placed again in the hot-bed ; they should afterwards be shifted into larger pots from time to time as they 286 CAPPARIDE^E. XIX. THVLACHIUM. XX. HERMUPOA. XXI. MJSRUA. XXII. ARSIS. RESEDA'CE^E. grow. About the end of June they should be removed into the green-house, where they will flower and seed. A few plants may be planted out into a sheltered situation in the open border, in order to ascertain whether the plant will grow in the open air. XIX. THYLA'CHIUM (from OvXaxtov, thulakion, a sack or follicle; in allusion to the form of the calyx.) Lour. coch. 1. p. 342. D. C. prod. l.p. 254. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx follicular, at length cut round at the base. Petals none. Stamens indefinite, seated on a short receptacle. Berry oblong, 1 -seeded, stipitate. Unarmed shrubs, with variable leaves. Peduncles few or many- flowered, terminal. 1 T. LU'CIDUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 254.) leaves entire, ellip- tical, acutish, glabrous ; branchlets and footstalks velvety ; berry ovate-globose. T? . G. Native of Booby Island, lying between New Holland and New Guinea. Capparis lucida, Banks, herb. Flowers with copper-coloured stamens and anthers. Shinin g -leaved Thylachium. Shrub 10 feet. 2 T. AFRICA'NUM (Lour. 1. c.) leaves entire, ovate, mucro- nulate, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous ; berry oblong. Jj . S. Native of the eastern coast of Africa. T. ovalifolium, Juss. ann. 12. p. 71. Flowers with copper-coloured stamens and anthers. African Thylachium. Shrub 10 feet. 3 T. HETEROPHY'LLUM '.Juss. ann. 12. p. 71.) leaves glabrous, some of which are simple, others trifoliate. T? . S. Native of Madagascar. Capparis pandurif6rmis, Pet. Th. obs. afr. aust. p. 26. Flowers with brownish stamens. Variable-leaved Thylachium. Shrub 8 feet. 4 T. PANDURIFO'RME (Juss. ann. 12. p. 71.) leaves glabrous, some of which are simple, fiddle-shaped, others are trifoliate. Jj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Capparis panduriformis, Lam. diet. 1. p. 609. Flowers with brownish stamens. Fiddle-shajied-leavetl Thylachium. Shrub 10 feet. 5 T. ? OPPOSITIFLO'RUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 254.) leaves gla- brous, ovate-lanceolate, somewhat cordate at the base, entire ; pedicels 1 -flowered, opposite the leaves. ^ . S. Native of the West Indies. Opposite-flowered Thylachium. Shrub 8 feet. Cult. No species of this genus has as yet been introduced into European gardens, but should they be, we would advise that they should be treated in the same manner as the genus Stephania, which see, p. 285. XX. HERMIT PO A (native name of the plant.) Lcefl. itin. 307. D. C. prod. 1. p. 254. LIN. SYST. Hexandria, Monogynia. Calyx double, exterior one tubular, interior one 4-sepalled, small. Petals 4, linear. Stamens 6, very long. Berry oblong, cylindrical. Allied to C. Breynia, from Loefl. Perhaps the interior calyx should be termed a nectary. 1 H. LCEFLINGIA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 254.) Jj . S. Na- tive of South America. Flower scarlet, f Laefling's Hermupoa-tree. Tree 20 feet ? Cult. This plant has not yet been introduced, therefore the mode of cultivating and propagating it is not known ; but we would recommend its being treated in the same manner as Ste- phania. Seep. 285. XXI. M^RUA (Meru is the Arabic name of M. uniflbra.) Forsk. segyp. 104. D. C. prod. 1. p. 254. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, 4-part- ed, valvate in the bud ; throat crowned with petaloid scales. Petals none. Torus elongated. Stamens indefinite, seated on the top of the receptacle, somewhat monadelphous at the base. Silique fleshy, stipitate. Unarmed, downy shrubs, with simple coriaceous leaves, furnished with setaceous stipulas. 1 M. UNIFLO'RA (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 36.) pedicels axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered ; petaloid crown filamentosely jagged ; leaves veinless. T? . S. Native of Arabia Felix at Yemen. M. crassi- fblia, Forsk. I.e. Flowers with white filaments and yellow anthers. One-flowered Maerua. Shrub 4 feet. 2 M. ANOOLE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 254.) pedicels axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered; petaloid crown 4-lobed, with deeply-jagged lobes; leaves in the middle 1 -nerved. Tj . S. Native of An- gola. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from M. uniflora. Angola Maerua. Shrub 6 feet ? 3 M. RACEMOSA (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 36.) racemes terminal, drooping ; petaloid crown entire. Tj . G. Native of Arabia. .Srtcewzose-flowered Maerua. Shrub 6 feet ? 4 M. RIGIDA (R. Br. in append, to Clapp. and Denh. trav.) corymbs terminal, few-flowered ; leaves obovate, thick, rigid, downy, veinless ; petaloid crown, many-parted. T; . G. Native of the north of Africa, at Aghedem. Rigid-leaved Maerua. Shrub 4 feet. 5 M. SENEGALE'NSIS (R. Br. ined.) corymbs terminal, scarcely pubescent ; leaves ovate or obovate, distinctly veined ; petaloid crown many-parted. Tj . S. Native of Senegal. Senegal Maerua. Shrub. Cult. These shrubs will no doubt thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and cuttings taken from young wood will strike root if planted in a pot of sand, placed under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat. XXII. A'RSIS (from ap^e, arsis, elevation ; because of the fruit being seated on a long pedicel within the calyx.) Lour. fl. coch. p. 335. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5-coloured deciduous sepals. Petals 5. Stamens numerous, seated on an elongated receptacle ; anthers 4 -celled. Berry stipitate, 1- seeded. A small branched shrub, with ovate-lanceolate, wrinkled, quite entire leaves, and terminal racemes of small white flowers. 1 A. RUGO'SA (Lour. 1. c.) fj . G. Native of Cochin- china. Wrinkled-leaved Arsis. Shrub 5 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will suit this shrub well, and cuttings will strike root if planted in a pot of sand, placed under a hand-glass. ORDER XVI. RESEDA' CEjE (plant agreeing with Reseda in some important characters). D. C. Calyx of 4-5-6 permanent segments, which are slightly open in the bud, or rotate 5 -toothed, as in Ochradenus. Petals open in aestivation, equal in number with the segments or teeth of the calyx, and alternating with them, usually fringed or cleft, furnished with broad claws, and inserted at the base, of the elevated, dilated disk. Stamens definite, 2 or 3 for each petal, inserted in the disk ; they are rather connate at the base. Anthers 2-celled, at first erect, at length incumbent, and sometimes as if they were bursting outwardly ; cells parallel, 2-valved, free at the base, the rest connate, open- ing by a longitudinal suture ; the outer valve is largest. Ovary trigonal, or tetragonal, pedicelled, with the pedicel closely fenced by the connate base of the filaments. Style none. Stigma 3-4-lobed, with the lobes equal in number to the angles of the capsule, and alternating with them, spreadingj 2-valved; valves connivent, truncate, and papillosely -hispid at RESEDACE,E. I. RESEDA. 287 the top. Capsules (berry in Ochradenus) trigonal or tetragonal, membranous, inflated, open at the top, with the seminiferous nerves equal in number with the stigmas ; these are perpendicular and parietal. Seeds simple, cochleated, sessile, pendulous, white or yellow, disposed in an alternate double series, but they are sometimes scattered from abortion ; umbilicus small, ob- lique, with the upper side approximating the recess of the radicle ; outer coat of seed crustaceous, ornamented with minute dots, disposed in elevated lines ; inner coat membranous, dia- phanous. Albumen none. Embryo curved, conforming to the cavity of the seed, terete, yellowish, rather narrowed towards the base, with semi-cylindrical cotyledons, and with a supe- rior cylindrical thick radicle, which is very blunt at the base, and equal in length with the cotyledons, and opposite the umbi- licus. This order agrees with Ranunculacece, especially with Delphinium, in the complicated stigma, and structure of the ovary, as well as in the seminiferous placentas. It is also allied to Capparidece and Tropceolece, in the petals being unguiculate, as well as in the seed being destitute of albumen. The Cappa- ridece, Resedacece, Cruciferce, Papaveracece, and Tropceolece, ap- pear to constitute a grand natural class ; and near to them, but at different points, must be arranged the Ranunculacece, Poly- galece, and Balsaminece, an arrangement which the many analo- gies and affinities existing between these families appear to justify. Most of the species of Reseda are rather ornamental ; and R. odorata is cultivated extensively for the fragrance of its blos- soms. All the species are herbaceous, or slightly suffruticose. The leaves are simple, trifid, or pinnate ; and the flowers, which are either yellow or white, are small, disposed in dense or loose terminal racemes. The seeds are kidney-shaped, and retain their vegetating power a considerable time, therefore they are easily introduced, in a living state, from one part of the world to another. This Order differs from Cruciferce in the capsules being uni- locular, in the stamens being indefinite, in the seeds being desti- tute of an umbilical cord, as well as in the capsules being bladdery and open at the top. It differs in these two last characters from all die neighbouring orders, except Datiscece. Synopsis of the Genera. 1 RESEDA. Calyx of 4-5-6 narrow segments. Petals 4-5-6 cloven. Capsule bladdery, 3-4 horned, many-seeded. 2 OCHRADE'NUS. Calyx rotate, 5-toothed, replete with an annular gland. Petals wanting. Berry many-seeded. I. RESE^DA (from reseda, to calm, to appease ; the Latins thought it useful as a topical application in external bruises.) Lin. gen. ed. Schrceb. no. 831. Willd. spec. 2. p. 876. LIN. SYST. Octo-Polyandria. Tri-Tetragynia. Calyx di- vided almost to the base into 4-5-6 narrow segments. Petals cleft, equal in number with the segments of the calyx. Capsule bladdery, with a hole at the top when ripe. Herbaceous or slightly shrubby plants. § 1. Leaves simple, entire. Petals trifid and quinquifid. Torus much dilated on one side. 1 R. SESAMOIDES (Lin. spec. 644.) leaves lanceolate, entire, ob- tuse, smooth ; petals 5 ; capsule furnished with 4 reflexed horns. If. . H. Native of the south of France, Spain, and Portugal, on walls and among rubbish. Flowers small, white, in long racemes. Stems prostrate. Calyx reflexed, 3 of the segments pointed upwards, and 2 downwards. Sesamum-like Mignonette. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1787. PI. 1 foot long. 2 R. PURPURA'SCENS (Lin. spec. 644.) leaves linear, obtuse ; flowers pentagynous. !£. H. Native of the south of Europe, particularly about Montpelier. Stem purplish. Leaves like flax. Flowers of greenish-purple colour, in long spikes. Purplish Mignonette. Fl. Ju. July. PI. £ foot. 3 R. LINIFO'LIA (Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 501.) leaves linear- awl-shaped, channelled ; capsules 3-toothed. O • H. Native of the south of Europe and Egypt. R. subulata Delile. ill. p. 15. Flax-leaved Mignonette. Fl. July, August. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 foot. 4 R. GLAU'CA (Lin. spec. 644.) leaves linear, glaucous, toothed at the base ; flowers tetragynous. if.. H. Native of Spain and Egypt. — Mor. oxon. 3. p. 601. sect. 15. t. 6. f. 4. Flowers pale yellow, disposed in long spikes. Pinnula of leaves not changed into scarious teeth. (Link.) Glaucous Mignonette. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1748. PI. 1 ft. 5 R. DIPE'TALA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 132.) leaves linear, quite entire, acute ; flowers tetragynous, 2-petalled ; pe- tals undivided. $ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. R. Capensis, Burm. prod. cap. 13. Habit of R. sesamoides. Stem suffruticose, erect, branched ; branches round, smooth. Flowers white, remote, in terminal racemes. Segments of calyx 6, minute, with white margins. Petals cuneated, quite entire. Capsule globose. Trvo-petalled Mignonette. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1774. PL 1| foot 6 R. SCOPA'RIA (Brouss. in Willd. enum. 499.) leaves linear, quite entire, smoothish ; stem shrubby ; branches twiggy ; cap- sules clavate, 3-toothed. 1? . G. Native of Teneriffe. Flowers yellow. This species comes very near R. glauca. Capsule ta- pering to the base. Broom Mignonette. Fl. Ju. Sep. Clt. 1815. Shr. 1 foot. 7 R. CANE'SCENS (Lin. syst. 448.) leaves lanceolate, entire, wavy, pilose ; branches hairy ; capsules 6-toothed. If. . H. Native of Egypt. R. hexagyna, Forsk. descr. 92. Stem erect. Leaves with a pilose keel, and rather ciliated margins. Flowers in racemes, with white petals and yellow anthers. Clus. hist. 1. p. 296. t. 295. It appears from the description in Lin. spec. 644. that Linnaeus intended a very different plant from that which he describes in his systema, as well as in his reference to Clusius. Canescent Mignonette. FL May, Aug. Clt. 1597. PL 1 foot. 8 R. LUTE'OLA (Lin. spec. 643.) leaves lanceolate, entire, but furnished with a tooth on each side, at the base ; calyx 4-cleft, upper petal quinquefid, lateral ones trifid, lower one bifid or simple. Q. H. Native of Europe in pastures, fallow- fields, waste-places, and on dry banks and walls. Smith, eng. bot. t. 321. Jacq. aust. 4. t. 352. Flowers yellow, trigy- nous, in long spikes which are nodding at the top. It is an observation of Linnaeus, that the nodding spike of the flower follows the course of the sun, even when the sky is covered ; pointing towards the east in the morning, to the south at noon, westward in the afternoon, and north at night. Dyers formerly made considerable use of this plant ; for it affords a most beautiful yellow dye for cotton, woollen, silk, and linen. Blue cloths are dipped in a decoction of it in order to become green. The yellow colour of the paint called Dutch-pink is obtained from this plant. The entire plant when it is about flowering is pulled up for the use of the dyers, who employ it 288 RESEDACEjE. I. RESEDA. both fresh and dried. In various authors the plant has the names of Dyers' -need, Yellow-need, Weld, Woud, JVoold, and Wild Woad. The seeds are usually sown after barley is taken off the ground in autumn, or it is very commonly sown with bar- ley in the spring, but the first mode is the best, because the plants make some progress the first year, and in the following season they will be twice the size of those sown in spring. After the ground has been well ploughed and harrowed the seeds should be sown broad-cast, of which one gallon is sufficient for an acre. Unless the ground is very poor it will not require any dung. The best crops, however, will be the result of drilling and cultivating the crop alone. The drills may be a foot apart, and the plants 6 inches distance, in the rows. The plants should be kept clear of weeds by hoeing. When seeds are required a small portion should be left standing for this purpose, and the plants should be pulled as the seeds ripen. The whole crop may be cleared off before the time of sowing wheat, which is the best crop to follow Dyers'-noold. The crop is taken by pulling the entire plant ; some pull it when in flower, others pull it ear- lier, but the last appears to be the best. In the execution of the work, the plants are drawn up by the roots in small handfuls, and set up to dry, after being tied with one of the stalks ; sometimes, however, they become sufficiently dry without being set up, by turning. These, after they have been completely dried, are tied up into bundles and sold by the name of Weld-cord. The de- mand for it is sometimes very little, while at others it is so great as to raise the price to a high degree. The herb is sometimes gathered green and treated like Woad or Indigo, but in general the dried herb is used by the dyers in a state of decoction. The chief disease of Weld is the mildew, to which it is very liable when young, and this is one reason that it is often sown with other crops. Dyers'- Weed. Fl. Jun. Aug. Britain. PI. 1 to 3 feet. 9 R. CRISPA'TA (Link. enum. 2. p. 8.) leaves lanceolate, en- tire, waved, with 2-glands at the base. ©. H. Native of Spain. R. lanceolata, Lag. Flowers yellow, similar to those of R. Luteola. CurledAeaved Dyers'- Weed. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1 820. PI. 1 ft. 10 R. VIRE'SCENS (Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 501.) leaves li- near-lanceolate, smooth, quite entire; capsules 4-toothed. Q. H. Native of Spain. Flowers greenish-yellow, in long slender spikes. Greenish Dyers'- Weed. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot. 11 R. CHINE'NSIS (Lour. fl. cochin, p. 299.) leaves broad- lanceolate, quite entire, smooth, calyx 5-parted ; capsules 3- toothed. ©. H. Native of the south of China, in the suburbs of Canton. Flowers yellow, in spikes. This species and the following is very like the R. Luteola, and like it affords a yellow dye. Chinese Dyers'-Weed. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 foot. 12 R. COCHIN-CHINE'NSIS (Lour. fl. cochin, p. 299.) leaves broad-lanceolate, 5-nerved, quite entire ; calyx 5-parted ; cap- sules 3-toothed. 0. H. Native of Cochin-china. Flowers trigynous, yellowish, in spikes. Petals jagged. Plant slender. Cochin-china Dyers'-Weed. Fl. Ju. Jul. PI. 1 foot. $. 2. Leaves entire and trifid on the same plant. Segments of the petals inserted on the back of the clams. Torus much dilated on one side. 13 R. MEDITERRA'NEA (Lin. syst. 448.) leaves lanceolate, entire, and trifid ; calyx 6-parted, larger than the petals. 0. H. Native of the north of Africa, Palestine, &c. Jacq. icon. rar. t. 475. Lindl. coll. t. 22. R. tetragyna, Forsk. descr. 90. Flowers with white petals, the 2 superior ones are 3-parted, the two la- teral ones 2-parted ; the two lowest ones linear. Capsules 3- horned. Both leaves and stems are scabrous ; the uppermost cauline leaves trifid. Mediterranean Mignonette. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1791. PI. 1 foot. 14 R. ODORA'TA (Lin. spec. 646.) leaves lanceolate, bluntish, entire or trifid ; calyx 6-parted, equal in length to the petals, which are finely cleft into many club-shaped divisions ; the two lowest simple; capsules 3-toothed. ©. H. Native of the north of Africa, Egypt, &c. Mill. fig. t. 217. Curt. bot. mag. t. 29. Plant diffuse, with a few hairs on the stems. Flowers with yellowish- white petals and saffron anthers, disposed in loose racemes. The two upper petals and the two lateral ones are finely fringed, the two lower ones are very narrow. The luxury of the pleasure garden, says Curtis, is greatly heightened by the de- lightful odour which this plant diffuses ; and as it grows more readily in pots, its fragrance can be conveyed into the house. Var. ft, frutescens (Ker. bot. reg. 227.) this plant does not appear to differ from the common Mignonette, unless that the stems are shrubby, but it is known that if the common Migno- nette were kept as a green-house plant, and trained up in the same way, it would also become shrubby. The Mignonette is a well known and universal favorite. The flowers are highly odoriferous, and there are very few to whom this odour is offensive. The plant in pots is in great demand in London for rooms and placing in balconies, and forms for these purposes an extensive article of culture among florists and market-gardeners. The seeds are either sown in pots, or transplanted into pots, 4 or 6 plants to a pot 4 inches in diame- ter. " To obtain plants for flowering from December to Febru- ary, a sowing should be made in July, in the open ground, and the plants potted in September. The crop for March, April, and May, should be sown in pots not later than the 25th of August ; the plants from this sowing will not suffer from exposure to rain whilst they are young ; they must, however, be protected from early frosts, like the winter-crop ; they are to be thinned in November, leaving not more than 8 or 1 0 plants in a pot ; and at the same time the pots should be sunk 3 or 4 inches in some old tan or coal-ashes, and should be covered with a frame, which it is best to place fronting the west, for then the lights may be left open in the evening, to catch the sun whenever it sets clear. The third, or spring-crop, should be sown in pots, not later than the 25th of February. These must be placed in a frame, on a gentle heat ; and as the heat declines, the pots must be let down three or four inches into the dung-bed, which will keep the roots moist, and prevent their leaves turning brown, from the heat of the sun in April and May. The plants thus ob- tained will be in perfection by the end of May, and be ready to succeed those raised by the autumnal sowing." (Rishon. hort. trans. 2. p. 375.) The Tree-Mignonette should be propagated from seeds sown in spring ; it may also be increased by cuttings, which strike root readily. The young plants should be potted singly into small pots, and brought forward by heat on a gentle hot-bed, but they will grow well without artificial heat. As they advance they should be tied to a stick, taking care to prevent the growth of smaller side shoots by pinching them off, but allowing the leaves of the main stem to remain on for a time. When they have at- tained the height of ten inches, or more, according to the fancy of the cultivator, the shoots must be suffered to extend them- selves from the top, but must be occasionally stopped at the ends, to force them to form a bushy head, which by the autumn will be eight or nine inches in diameter, and covered with bloom. Whilst the plants are attaining the proper size, they should be shifted progressively into larger pots, and may be ulti- mately left in those of about six inches in diameter at the top. (Sabine, hort. trans. 3. p. 181 ) RESEDACE.&. I. RESEDA. II. OCHRADENUS. 289 Sweet-scented Mignonette. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1752 or 1739. PI. diffuse. 15 R. PHYTEU'MA (Lin. spec. 645.) leaves lanceolate, spatu- late, upper ones sometimes a little divided ; calyx 5-parted, spatulate, ciliated, much longer than the petals. Q. H. NaT tive of France, Austria, Italy, Switzerland, and the Levant. Jacq. aust. 2. t. 132. Plant decumbent, scabrous from short bristles. Flowers with white petals, which are very finely fringed, and yellow anthers. Capsules 3-toothed. Phyteuma Mignonette. Fl. May, Sept. Cl. 1752. PI. decumb. 16 R. RAMOSI'SSIMA (Pour, in Willd. enum. p. 499.) leaves linear, undivided, sometimes trifid ; stem erect, much branched ; calyx 6-parted ; capsules obovate, 3-toothed. If. . H. Native of Spain. R. recta, Lag. Flowers with white petals, which are variously jagged, and yellow anthers. Much-branched Mignonette. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. 2 ft. § 3. Leaves all trifid. Petals usually bifid or trifid, when the last is the case the middle segment is very narrow, the lateral ones always falcate. Torus much dilated on one side. 17 R. SAXA'TILIS (Pour, in Willd. enum. p. 500.) leaves all trifid ; segments linear, but those of the lower leaves are lan- ceolate and wavy ; stem simple ; calyx 6-parted ; flowers pen- dulous ; capsules erect, clavated, 3-to'othed ? $ . H. Native of Spain. R. stricta, Pers. ench. 2. p. 10. Petals white, very finely fringed or trifid ? Stem erect. Rock Mignonette. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 foot. 18 R. PRUINOSA (Delile, ill. aegypt. 15.) hispid and pruinose ; leaves all trifid ; segments sometimes bifid, sometimes trifid, all obtuse, lateral ones narrow, middle one broad and rounded at the apex ; stem and leaves covered with pruinose papillae, most evident towards the top ; calyx 6-parted ; petals bifid or trifid ; capsules bluntly 3-toothed. 7£. H. Native of Egypt. Flowers yellow. Frosty Mignonette. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 foot. 19 R. IX.VIGATA. ; leaves all trifid; segments linear or lan- ceolate, mucronate, upper ones finely ciliated or serrulated ; stem much branched ; calyx 6-parted, linear. $ . H. Native of Egypt. A smooth much-branched plant. Stem with a very few minute bristles on the angles. Flowers yellow ; petals bifid or trifid. Capsule bluntly 3-toothed. Leaves sometimes simple. Smoothed Mignonette. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1828. PL 1 to 2 ft. 20 R. GRA'CILIS (Tenore, prod. app. fl. nap. ex Schlecht. Linnaea 3. p. 1 00.) stem diffuse, much branched ; leaves all tri- fid ; Segments linear, slender, intermediate one rarely bifid ; capsules clavated, elongated, sharply tricuspidate. $ . H. Na- tive of Calabria and Lucania. Like R. lutea, but differs in the stems being more branched, as well as in the leaves being all trifid. It differs from R. saxatilis, in the stem being branched and diffuse, not simple and straight. Slender Mignonette. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 21 R. LU'TEA (Lin. spec. 645.) smooth ; lower leaves pinna- tifid, upper ones 3-parted ; segments narrow, entire, or wavy ; calyx 6-parted; lower petals simple? capsule 3-toothed. ©. or If. . H. Native of many parts of Europe, abundant in Britain on chalky hills and waste places. Jacq. aust. t. 353. Smith, eng. bot. t. 321. Flowers yellowish. Ray and Haller remark, that this plant has an oleraceous taste resembling that of cabbage. Petals bifid or trifid. Yellow Mignonette or Base Rocket. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 1 to 2 feet. I 3. Leaves all pinnate or pinnatifid. Petals S-parted or 3- lobed. 22 R. UNDA'TA (Lin. spec. 644.) leaves- all pinnatifid ; seg- ments linear-lanceolate, mucronate, waved, with scabrous mar- YOL. i. — PART iv. gins ; racemes slender, spicate ; calyx 5-parted ; petals trifid ; capsules 3-4-horned. $ . H. Native of Spain and Italy, and other parts of the south of Europe. — Barrel, icon. rar. 78. t. 588. The leaves of this plant are sometimes interruptedly pinnate, the intermediate leaflets much smaller than the others, and of a dif- ferent form and more upright. The flowers are said to have 3- 4-5 styles ; the petals are white and the anthers are yellow. Capsules large. Waved-leaved Mignonette. Fl. May, Sep. Clt. 1739. PI. 2 ft. 23 R. PROPI'NQUA (R. Br. in append, to Clapp. and Denh. trav.) this species comes near to R. undata. It is remarkable in having the claws of all the petals simple ; that is, neither dilated or thickened, nor having any process or appendage at the point or union, with a trifid lamina, into which they gradually pass. (R. Br. 1. c.) O ?»H. Native near Tripoli and between Tripoli and Mourzuk. Dr. Oudney. The remarkable structure of the petals we think will be found in R. alba, undata, and many others. Related Mignonette. PI. 1 to "2 feet. 24 R. A'LBA (Lin. spec. 645.) leaves all pinnatifid ; segments lan- ceolate, smooth, rarely waved ; racemes dense ; calyx 5-6-parted ; petals S-lobed ; capsules 4-horned. $ . H. Native of the south of Europe and north of Africa. R. fruticulosa, Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 474. The leaves are sometimes interruptedly pinnate, with the intermediate ones smallest. Flowers in dense spikes, with white petals and brownish anthers. — Lob. icon. 222. In the Fl. graec. R. dlba is figured with quinquefid petals ; we doubt the correctness of this. 'White Mignonette. Fl. May, Sep. Clt. 1596 or 1693. PI. 2 ft. 25 R. FRUTICULOSA (Lin. spec. 645.) leaves interruptedly pin- nate ; segments lanceolate, recurved, with scabrous margins ; terminal segment large ; stem shrubby at the base ; calyx 5- parted ; petals 3-lobed ; capsules 4-horned, with the horns recurved. Tj • 1£- H. Native of Spain and Sicily. The racemes are rather slender. The petals are white, and the anthers yel- lowish. We suspect that this and the three preceding species are only varieties. Small-*ArM% Mignonette. Fl. May, Sep. Clt. 1794. PI. 2 ft. 26 R. BIPINNA'TA (Willd. enum. 500.) leaves bipinnatifid, very scabrous ; stem suffruticose ; racemes densely spicate. >j . F. Native of Spain on gypsaceous rocks near Aranjuez. Flowers with white trifid petals and yellowish anthers. Very like R. dlba. Bipinnate-leaved Mignonette. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt.1816. PI. 2 ft. 27 R. MIRIOPHY'LLA (Tenore, fl. nap. app. prim. p. 28.) leaves pinnate, with 12 pairs of segments, which are linear and blunt, straight and approximate, entire, but the terminal one is 3-lobed; flowers tetragynous ; calyx 5-parted, erect. O- H. Native of Naples. Flowers with white 3-parted? petals and yellowish anthers. Thousand-leaved Mignonette. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 28 R. INCISA (Tenore, fl. nap. app. prim. p. 28.) leaves in- terruptedly pinnate, with many pairs of segments ; these are linear acute and cut, approximate ; flowers tetragynous ; calyx 5-parted, erect; petals 3-parted ? (•)• H. Native of Naples. Flowers with white petals and yellow anthers. Cut-leaved Mignonette. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 to 2 feet. Cult. The seeds of these plants only require to be sown in the open ground, and the plants afterwards treated as other hardy annuals and biennials. The suffruticose species require shelter during winter ; these are either propagated by seeds or cuttings. II. OCHRADE'NUS (from oxpoc, ochros, yellow, and aSriv, aden, a gland ; colour of the gland, or rather disk of the flower.) Delile. ill. segypt. 15. 290 RESEDACE^E. II. OCHRADENUS. DATISCEJE. I. DATISCA. FLACOURTIANE^E. LtN. SYST. Polyandria, Trigynia. Calyx rotate, 5-toothed, replete with an annular gland or rather disk. Petals wanting. Berry many-seeded. A small shrub, with numerous twiggy, straight, smooth branches. Leaves linear bluntish, furnished on each side with a glandular tubercle. Flowers in spikes, yel- low. Peduncles at length becoming spinescent. 1 O. BACCA'TUS (Delile. 1. c.) Jj. F. Native of Upper Egypt. .Saccate-fruited Ochradenus. ' Shrub 1 foot. Cult. See R. cdorata frutescens for the culture and propaga- tion of this plant. ORDER XVII. DATI'SCE^ (this order only contains the genus Datisca.) R. Br. in Clapp. and Denh. trav. appendix. Flowers dioecious from abortion. . Male flowers with the calyx of 5 linear equal acute sepals. Corolla wanting. Sta- mens about 15, inserted in the receptacle, very short; anthers oblong, obtuse, much longer than the calyx, 2-celled, bursting inwards. Female flowers, with a superior, erect, bidentate, minute, permanent calyx. Corolla none. Ovary oblong, in- ferior. Styles 3, short, cloven ; stigmas simple, oblong, shaggy. Capsule prismatic, crowned by the permanent styles, with 3- valves and 1-cell, with a hole at the top as in Reseda. Seeds small, numerous, ranged along 3-4 or 5 placentarious nerves in the capsule. Albumen pale, fleshy. Embryo straight, terete, with very short cotyledons, and a long thick centrifugal radicle. This order comes very near to Resedacece, but differs in the seeds being furnished with albumen, in the flowers being apeta- lous, in the calyx being adherent, and in the fruit being inferior. Large coarse perennial herbs, having the appearance of hemp, with pinnate leaves and long spiked racemes of insignificant flowers, resembling those of some species of Reseda ; they ap- pear to be yellowish-green from the colour of the anthers. Ripe seeds of these plants are easily introduced in a living state from their native countries on account of the copious albumen. The genus Tetrdmelis of R. Br. belongs to this order, and is remark- able in the quaternary division of every part of the dioecious flower. The plant is a native of Java. I. DATI'SCA (meaning unknown.) Lin. gen. 530. Juss. gen. 445. Gaert. fruct. 1. t. 147. t. 30. LIN. SYST. Dice da, Polyandria. Character the same as that of the order. 1 D. CANNABI'NA (Lin. spec. 649.) leaflets deeply serrated, pale-green ; stem and leaves smooth, If. . H. Native of Can- dia and some other parts in the south of Europe. Alp. exot. t. 294. — Mor. hist. 3. p. 433. sect. 11. t. 25. f. 3-4. Bastard Hemp. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1739. PI. 4 feet. 2 D. HI'RTA (Lin. spec. 1469.) leaflets deeply serrated, larger, more alternate, and more decurrent and confluent at the base than in the last species ; stem hairy. I/ . H. Native of Pennsyl- vania. Flowers in terminal panicles. //airy-stemmed Bastard Hemp. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. ? PL 3 to 4 feet. 3 D. NEPAIE'NSIS (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 203.) leaflets 5, ovate-lanceolate, serrated ; male flowers octandrous ; stem and leaves smooth, i; . H. Native of Nipaul. This species differs from D. cannabma, in the male flowers having 8 anthers, not 10-15, as well as in the stigmas being much shorter. Nipaul Bastard Hemp. Fl. June, Aug. PI. 3 to 4 feet. Cult. These plants will grow under any circumstances, and are easily increased by dividing at the root when dormant. They are only fit to be planted in shrubberies. ORDER XVIII. FLACOURTIA'NE^E (plants agreeing with Flacourtia in many important characters). Rich, in mem. mus. 1. p. 366. B.C. prod. 1. p. 255. Sepals 4-5-7. (f. 55. &.), definite in number, connected a little together at the base. Petals equal in number with the sepals and alternating with them, very rarely absent (f. 55. a.). Sta- mens inserted into the thalamus or receptacle, equal in number with the petals, but sometimes double or multiple that number (f. 55. 56. a.) and sometimes these are changed into necta- riferous scales. Ovary ovate-globose, free, sessile (f. 55. c. f. 56. d.) or on a very short stipe. Style absent, or when pre- sent filiform (f. 56. f.). Stigmas equal in number with the valves of the ovary, more or less distinct (f. 56. e.) from each other. Fruit 1 -celled (f. 56. g.) sometimes indehiscent and fleshy, sometimes capsular, 4-5-valved, filled with a fine pulp inside. Seeds few, thick, usually inwrapped in a dry thin pulpy pellicle ; these seeds are fixed to the valves of the capsule, not to the margin as in Capparidece, nor to a longitudinal line as in Violariece and Passifloreee, but with the placentas branched in the disk of the valves, and the seeds adhering somewhat irregularly, and as if it were areolately, to these branched placentas. Albu- men fleshy, rather oily. Embryo straight, slender, with the radicle turned towards the hilum. Cotyledons flat, oval, leafy. This order contains small tropical trees or shrubs without sti- pulas. The leaves are alternate, simple, feather-nerved, usually entire and coriaceous, on very short footstalks. Peduncles ax- illary and many-flowered. Flowers small, insignificant, often of distinct sexes, they are yellow, white, or greenish. Fruit when fleshy eatable. This order is allied to Cappandece and Rese- dacece, but it differs from these- as well as from all dicotyledonous plants in the seeds being fixed to branched parietal placentas. Nothing is known of the properties of the plants contained in this order. The seeds are difficult to introduce in a living state from their native countries. • Synopsis of the genera. TRIBE I. PATRISIE'JE. Flowers hermaphrodite, apetalous. Sepals 5. Fruct capsular or baccate, 1 RYAN;EVA. Flowers with a petaloid urceolus between the stamens and the pistil. Fruit baccate, indehiscent. 2 PATRI' SIA. Urceolus wanting. Fruit capsular, dehiscent, papery, 3-5-valved. TRIBE II. FLACOURTIE'^E. Flowers dioecious (f. 55. a. b. f. 56. a. d.Jfrom abortion, apetalous (f. 56. a. f. 55. a.). Fruit baccate (f. 55. c. f. 56. a1.), indehiscent. 3 FLACOU'RTIA. Stamens densely crowded upon a hemisphe- rical, glandless torus (f. 55. a.). Stigmas 4-9 (f. 55. &.). 4 ROU'MEA. Stamens not inserted upon a dilated torus (f. 56. a.}, girded at the base by crenated glands. Stigrrlas ca- pitate, depressed (f. 56. c.) FLACOURTIANEjE. I. RYANSA. II. PATKISIA. III. FLACOURTIA. 291 5 STIGMAROTA. Stamens as in Roumea. Style crowned by 6 radiant stigmas. TEIBE III. KIGGELARIE^. Flowers dioecious from abortion (f. 57. a. b.) Petals 5. Fruit baccate, at length dehiscent. 6 KIGGELA'RIA. Petals 5, bearing 3 glands at the claw (f. 57.) 7 MELICYTUS. Petals 5, glandless. Stigmas 4-5, radiant. 8 HYDNOCA'RPUS. Petals 5, furnished each with a scale at the base. TRIBE IV. •ERYTHROSPE'RMEJE. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals and sta- mens 5-7. Fruit baccate, indehiscent. 9 ERYTHROSPE'RMUM. Calyx of 4 sepals, about equal in length with the petals. Tribe I. PATRISIE\iE (plants agreeing with Patrisia in some im- portant characters). D. C. prod. 1. p. 255. Flowers herma- phrodite, apetalous. Sepals 5, coloured on the inside, permanent. Stamens indefinite. Fruit capsular or baccate. Perhaps refer- able to some genera in Passifldrece near Smeathmannia ? but the seeds are smooth, not as in Passiflorece, scrobiculate, wholly fixed to the disk, not fixed longitudinally to the nerves of the valves as in that order. I. RYAN.E'A (named by Vahl after John Ryan, who col- lected and sent to him many plants from Guiana and Cayenne). D. C. prod. 1. p. 254. Ryania, Vahl. eel. 1. p. 51. t. 9. Patri- sia, Rich. act. sbc. par. p. 111. LIN. STST. Polyandria, Monogynia. Urceolus petaloid, si- tuated between the stamens and the pistil. Fruit baccate, inde- Tiiscent. Branching shrubs with simple leaves. The name is a little changed to prevent its being confounded with Riana. 1 R. SPECIO'SA (Vahl. 1. c.) leaves green on both surfaces, under surface bearing stellate hairs on the ribs; peduncles 1- flowered. ^ . S. Native of the island of Trinidad and in Cayenne in mountain woods. Patrisia pyrifera, Rich. 1. c. Pers. ench. 2. p. 69. Flowers large, somewhat cream-coloured. Shervy Ryansea. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1823. Shrub 10 feet. Cult, This beautiful and singular shrub deserves a place in every stove. It will thrive well in vegetable mould mixed with a little sand ; and ripened cuttings will strike freely if planted in a pot of sand, which should be plunged in a gentle heat, under a hand or bell-glass. II. PATRI'SIA ( — Patris, who collected numerous plants in Cayenne). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 5. p. 356. D. C. prod. 1. p. 255. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Tri-Penlagynia. Urceolus none. Fruit capsular, dehiscent, suberose or papery, 3-5-valved. 1 P. BI'COLOR (D. C. prod. 1. p. 256.) leaves white on the under surface from very fine tomentum ; peduncles many-flow- ered. Pj . S. Native of Cayenne and Trinidad. Flowers large, cream-coloured. Tivo-coloured-leaved Patrisia. Shrub 8 feet. 2 P. PARVIFLORA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 256.) leaves villous on the under surface without ribs; peduncles 1 -flowered. fy. S. Native of Cayenne. Flowers whitish. Small-flowered Patrisia. Shrub 12 feet. 3 P. DENTA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 357.) leaves glabrous on the ribs, on the under surface, and with the veins puberulous; flowers axillary, 1-2, on short pedicels; branchlets somewhat flexuous. fj . S. Native of sandy shady places between Atures and Maypures on the Orinoco river. Flowers whitish. Toothed-leaved Patrisia. Tree 30 feet. 4 P. AFFI'NIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves glabrous, with the nerve and veins on the under surface rather hairy, ovate, acumi- nated, obsoletely denticulated ; flowers 1-2, axillary on short pedicels ; branchlets somewhat erect. T? . S. Native on rocks near Carichana on the river Orinoco. Flowers whitish. Root poisonous. Allied Patrisia. Tree 20 feet. Cult. The species of Patrisia require to be grown in a mix- ture of loam and vegetable mould, and ripened cuttings will root freely if planted in a pot of sand, and a hand-glass placed over them, plunged in heat. Tribe II. FLACOURTIFjE (shrubs agreeing with Flacourtia in many important characters). B.C. prod. 1. p. 256. Flowers dioe- cious from abortion (f. 55. a. b. f. 56. a. d.}, petalless (f. 55. a. f. 56. 6.). Stamens indefinite (f. 55. a.). Fruit baccate, inde- hiscent (f. 55. c. f. 56. d.). HI. FLACOU'RTIA (in honour of Etienne de Flacourt, a Director of the French East India Company, and the commander of an expedition to Madagascar in 1648, of which he afterwards wrote an account, which contained considerable details upon the botany of that country). Lher. stirp. 59. t. 30. D. C. prod. 1. p. 256. LIN. SYST. Dice'cia, Polyandria. Male flowers. Stamens densely crowded upon the hemispherical receptacle (f. 55. a.), glandless at the base. Female flowers. Calyx 4-5-cleft, (f. 55. 6.) deciduous. Stigmas 4-9 (f. 55. &.), furnished each with one longitudinal furrow above. Seeds bony. Shrubs thorny. The sepals are whitish and the stamens and anthers are yellow. 1 F. RAMO'NTCHI (Lher. 1. c. Lam. ill. t. 826.) leaves roundish- ovate, acute, crenated. Tj . S. Native of Madagascar, where it is called Ramontchi. Alamotou, Flac. mad. 124. Flowers yellowish or cream-coloured. The fruit is of the size and shape of a small plum, red when ripe, but at length becoming violet- coloured with a transparent red flesh. The natives eat the fruit ; they are sweet, but leave a sharpness in the mouth. An island on the coast of Madagascar is covered with these trees, and because they resemble the European plum-tree, the sailors have named the island Isle aux Prunes, or Plum-tree Island. Ramontchi Flacourtia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1775. Sh. 8 feet. 2 F. SA'PIDA (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 49. t. 69.) leaves elliptic, repandly- serrated, bluntish at both extremi- ties. Tj . S. Native of the East In- dies on mountains. Flowers yellow. Fruit red, the size of a common cur- rant ; they are eaten by the inhabit- ants, and are very palatable. The tree is- called Pedda Canren by the Telingas. (f. 55.) Sapid Flacourtia. Fl. Clt. 1800. Tree 12 feet. 3 F. INE'RMIS (Roxb. cor. 3. t. 222.) an unarmed tree ; leaves el- liptic, crenately-serrated, shining ; racemes axillary, short ; flowers hermaphrodite ; style 5-cleft. 1? . S. Native of the Molucca islands. Mai. misc. 1. no. 1. p. 25. Stamens 20-30. Berries reddish-purple, of a pleasant acid taste, for which the tree is cultivated extensively in the Moluccas, t/mmned Flacourtia. Fl. Feb. Nov. Clt. 1814. Tree 30 ft. 4 F. SEPIA'RIA (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 48. t. 68.) leaves obovate- Pp 2 FIG. 55. 292 FLACOURTIANE^:. III. FLACOURTIA. IV. ROUMEA. V. STIOMAROTA. VI. KIGGELAKIA. oblong, repandly serrated. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. — Rheed. mal. 2. p. 39. Many of the synonyms given to this plant are probably confused with those of Eleeodendron Ar'gan. Fruit red, eatable, and are sold in public markets ; they are called Canrem by the Telingas. This bush answers well for fences, the spines being very strong. Hedge Flacourtia. Clt. 1820. Shrub 6 feet. 5 F. CATAPHRA'CTA (Roxb. in. Willd. spec. 4. p. 830.) leaves oval-oblong, acuminated, serrated. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers yellow. Fruit reddish, when ripe eatable. All-armed Flacourtia. Clt. 1804. Shrub 8 feet. 6 F. FLAVE'SCENS (Willd. spec. 4. p. 830.) leaves oblong, bluntish, serrated, narrowed at the base. Jj . S. Native of Guinea. Flowers and fruit yellow. Yellowish Flacourtia. Clt. 1780. Shrub 15 feet. 7 F. RHAMNOIDES (Burch. cat. afr. austr. no. 4012.) leaves elliptical, somewhat serrated, acutish. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in woods. Flowers axillary, small, yel- lowish ; pedicels 1 -flowered. Berry ovate, red, eatable when ripe. Rhamnus-like Flacourtia. Clt. 1819. Shrub 4 feet. 8 F. FLEXUOSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 7. p. 239.) branches flexuous, spinose ; leaves ovate-oblong, remotely serrated, mem- branous, smooth, shining : male flowers axillary, aggregate. Tj . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers yellowish. F/exuous-branched Flacourtia. Shrub 6 feet. 9 F. CELASTRI'NA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 239.) spines of the branches very long and straight ; leaves obovate-roundish, membranous, crenated, smooth, shining ; peduncles axillary, usually twin ; berry subglobose-elliptical. ^ . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers yellowish. Berries red. Celastrus-like Flacourtia. 'Shrub 6 feet. 10 F. PRUNIFO'LIA (H. B. 1. c. p. 240. t. 654.) trunk beset with strong spines ; branches unarmed ; leaves obovate, ellip- tical, obtuse, coriaceous, smooth, shining, glandularly crenated ; racemes axillary, short. T? . S. Native of New Granada. Flowers yellowish. Berries red, eatable when ripe ? Plum-leaved Flacourtia. Tree 20 feet. 11 F. CORDA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 241.) unarmed; leaves cordate, acute, crenated, coriaceous, smooth, shining ; male flowers aggregate, female ones solitary. Fj . S. Native of Peru. Flowers yellowish. Berries red ? Corrfafe-leaved Flacourtia. Shrub. Cult. This genus thrives best in a mixture of loam and peat. Cuttings will root freely planted in a pot of sand, and placed under a hand-glass, in heat. IV. ROU'MEA (in memory of Philippe Rose Roume, de St. Laurent, once an agent of the French Government in St. Domin- go, who was of great service to Poiteau while he travelled there.) Poit. mem. mus. 1. p. 62. t. 4. D. C. prod. 1. p. 256. LIN. SYST. Dice'cia, Polyandria. Male flowers with the stamens in- serted in a narrow receptacle (f. 56, a.) girded at the base by crenated glands. Female flowers. Calyx per- manent, 4-5 cleft. Stigmas depress- ed-capitate at the top, (f, 56, e.) Seeds cartilaginous.Thorny shrubs. 1 R. CORIA'CEA (Poit. I.e.) spines of adult branches sometimes large and branched, sometimes small, simple ; leaves serrated. Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo, in dry and sunny places. Kcelera laurifolia, Willd. (exclusive of the descrip- tion confused with Drypetes,) Bessera spinosa, Spreng. pug. 2. p- 91. — Limacia laurifolia, Dietr. Flowers greenish-yellow, aggregate. Fruit small, saffron-coloured, without taste. Leathery-leaved Roumea. Shrub 1 2 feet. 2 R. INE'RMIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 256.) spines none; leaves quite entire. ^ . S. Native of Bengal. Bessera inermis, Spreng, pug. 2. p. 90. Branches angular from 3 strong nerves running down the stem from each leaf. Flowers 15-20 aggregate, small, on slender pedicels, in the axils of the leaves ; greenish-yellow. Male flowers with sessile anthers. Unarmed Roumea. Shrub 8 feet. Cult. These plants will thrive best in a mixture of loam and peat. Ripened cuttings will strike freely if planted in a pot of sand, and placed under a hand-glass, in heat. V. STIGMARO'TA (from stigma, a stigma, and rota, a wheel ; in allusion to the rayed stigmas.) Lour. coch. 2. p. 634. D. C. prod. 1. p. 257. LIN. SYST. Diofcia, Polyandria. Male flowers as in Rou- mea. Female flower. Calyx deciduous, 4-5 parted. Style cy- lindrical, short ; stigmas 6, rayed. Berry fleshy, 6-seeded, brownish-purple, eatable ; they are sweetish, and somewhat as- tringent. Perhaps this genus should be joined with Flacourtia, or Roumea 1 1 S. JA'NGOMAS (Lour. 1. c.) spines on the female plants sim- ple, on the males branched ; leaves ovate, acuminated, serrated ; peduncles many-flowered, \ . G. Native of Cochin-china, from Lour, in Java, and Beleya, from Rumph. 7. p. 36. t. 19. f. 1. and 2. Roumea Jangomas, Spreng syst. 2. p. 632. Jangomas is the name of the tree in Java ? Jangomas Stigmarota. Tree 12 feet. 2 S. AFRICA'NA (Lour. 1. c.) differs from the last species in the stem being shrubby and prickly ; flowers solitary, terminal ; stigmas 6-7. Jj . G. Native of Cochin-china. African Stigmarota. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. Should these plants ever be introduced into our gardens, we would recommend that they should be grown in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and ripened cuttings to be tried in sand, under a hand-glass. Tribe III. KIGGELARIE* JE (shrubs agreeing with Kiggelaria in some important characters.) D'. C. prod. 1. p. 257. Flowers dioe- cious from abortion, (f. 57. c. 6.) Petals 5 ? alternating with the sepals. Stamens definite, (f. 57. d.) Fruit somewhat bac- cate, at length dehiscent. VI. KIGGELARIA (in memory of Francis Kiggelar, an obscure Dutch botanist, who lived about the end of the seven- teenth century. He published a catalogue of the garden of Beaumont, in 1790.) Linn. gen. no. 1128. D. C. prod. 1. p. 257. LIN. SYST. Dice'cia, Polyandria. Petals 5, (f. 57. 6.) bearing 3 glands at the claw. Male flowers. Stamens 10-20 ; filaments short ; anthers opening by a double chink at the top. Female flowers. Styles 2-5. Shrubs with willow-like leaves, which are somewhat velvety on the under surface, bearing racemes of small insignificant whitish-yellow flowers. 1 K. AFRICAVNA (Lin. spec. 1466.) leaves serrated at length, glabrous and shining on the upper surface ; stamens 10 ; styles 5. Jj.G. Native of South Africa. Lam. ill. t. 821. Lin. hort. cliff. 462. t. 29. herb. citr. 246. t. 12. Flowers greenish- white. African Kiggelaria. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1683. Shrub 15 feet. FLACOURTIANE^E. VII. MELICYTUS. VIII. HYDNOCARPUS. IX. ERYTHROSPERMOM. BIXINEjE. 293 FIG. 57. 2 K. INTEGRIFO'LIA (Jacq. coll. 2. p. 269. icon. rar. t. 628.) leaves entire, velvety on both surfaces; stamens 20; styles 2, (f. 57. d.) +1 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers whitish. Entire-leaved Kiggelaria. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1819. Shrub 10 feet. Cult. These shrubs grow freely in a mixture of loam and peat ; ripened cuttings, planted in sand under a hand-glass, will root rea- dily. VII. MELICYTUS (from fttXt, meli, honey, and KVTOS, cytos, a ca- vity ; because of the filaments which are called nectaries by For- ster bearing on the tip a meliferous cavity.) Forst. gen. t. 62. D. C. prod. 1. p. 257. LIN. SYST. Dicdcia, Pentdndria. Petals 5, glandless. Male flowers. Stamens 5 ; filaments club-shaped ; anthers adnate. Fe- male flowers. Style very short ; stigmata 4-5, rayed. 1 M. RAMIFLORUS (Forst. 1. c. Lam. ill. t. 812. f. 1.) leaves toothed, oblong-cuneate, smooth on both surfaces. \i . G. Na- tive of New Zealand. Peduncles aggregate, fasciculate. Flow- ers very minute, whitish. Branch-flowered Melicytus. Clt. 1822. Shrub 6 feet. 2 M. ? UMBELLATUS (Gaert. fr. 1. t. 206. t. 44. f. 3.) Per- haps the same as M. ramiflorus, or perhaps a species of Ery- throspermum 1 Umbellate-flowered Melicytus. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. This Genus requires the same treatment as Kiggelaria, which see. VIII. HYDNOCA'RPUS (from vSvov, hydnon, a tuber, and Kapiroe, karpos, a fruit ; in allusion to the fruit being crowned by 4 tubercles.) Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 288. t. 60. f. 3. D. C. prod. 1. p. 257. LIN. SYST. Didcia, Pentdndria. Male flower. Sepals 5, two outer ones ovate. Petals 5, with villous margins, furnished with a scale on the inside. Stamens 5. Female flower ? Berry sphe- rical, terminated by 4 reflexed tubercles. Placentas 4, many- seeded. A tree with flexuous branches, and alternate broad leaves. 1 H. INE'BRIANS (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 100.) Tj . S. Native of Ceylon. H. venenata, Gaert. fr. 1. c. The fruit, when eaten, occasions giddiness, and is greedily devoured by fishes ; but when fish are taken by means of this fruit they are not eatable, as they occasion vomiting and other violent symptoms. Inebriating Hydnocarpus. Tree 30 feet ? Cult. This tree, if ever it should be introduced to the gar- dens, will probably thrive in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat. Tribe IV. ERYTHROSPE'RMEjE (shrubs agreeing with Erythro- spermum in some important characters.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 257. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals and stamens 4-7. Fruit inde- hiscent, somewhat baccate. IX. ERYTHROSPE'RMUM (from tpwSpoe. erythros, red, and airtpjua, sperma, a seed ; because the seeds are red.) Lam. ill. t. 274. D. C. prod. 1. p. 257. LIN. SYST. Tetra-Hept&ndria, Tetra-Pentagynia. Calyx 4- sepalled, deciduous. Petals 4-7, scarcely longer than the calyx. Stamens 4-7 : filaments very short. Ovary roundish. Stigmas 3-5. Fruit many-seeded. Very smooth unarmed shrubs. Flow- ers small, greenish-yellow. 1 E. MACROPHY'LLUM (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 585.) leaves scattered, lanceolate, blunt, mucronate ; racemes shorter than the leaves. J; . S. Native of the Mauritius. Long-leaved Erythrospermum. Shrub. 2 E. PANICULA'TUM (Poir. 1. c.) leaves scattered, ovate, blunt at both ends ; racemes panicled, longer than the leaves. fj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Far. fi, pauciflorum, (D. C. prod. 1. p. 257.) racemes 2-4-flow- ered. Paniculate-racemed Erythrospermum. Shrub. 3 E. ELLI'PTICUM (Poir. 1. c. p. 585.) leaves scattered, ellip- tically-roundish, blunt at both ends ; racemes few-flowered, longer than the leaves. Tj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Far. ft, mucronatum (B.C. prod. 1. p. 528.) leaves ovate- mucronate. Tj . S. Native of Java. Elliptic-leaved Erythrospermum. Shrub. 4 E. AMPLEXICAU'LE (B.C. prod. 1. p. 852.) leaves scattered, crowded at the top of the branches, oval, cordate at the base ; peduncles somewhat umbellate, shorter than the leaves. Jj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Siem-clasping-\ea.ved Erythrospermum. Shrub. 5 E. PYRIFOLIUM (Lam. ill. t. 274. f. 1.) leaves scattered, on very short footstalks, blunt at both ends ; racemes somewhat terminal, shorter than the leaves. Tj . S. Native of the Mau- ritius. Pear-leaved Erythrospermum. Shrub. 6 E. VERTICILLA'TUM (Lam. ill. t. 274. f. 2.) leaves 3 in a whorl, almost sessile, roundish ; peduncles corymbosely-umbel- late at the top, length of the leaves. J? . S. Native of the Mauri- tius and Bourbon. The fruit of this species is referable to the genus Kiggelaria. Whorl-\ea\ed Erythrospermum. Shrub. Cult. These shrubs will thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and ripened cuttings will root if planted in a pot of sand, and placed under a hand-glass, in heat, f ORDER XIX. BIXI'NE.E. Kunth. malv. p. 17. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 331. B. C. prod. 1. p. 259. Calyx of 4-8 sepals, which are imbricate in the bud, these are sometimes truly distinct, and sometimes they are connected at the base. Petals 5, or wanting, but when present they are very like the sepals. Stamens indefinite in number, inserted in the re- ceptacle or at the bottom of the calyx ; filaments free ; anthers 2-celled. Ovary superior, sessile, 1-celled. Style 1, undivided, or 2-4-cleft at the apex. Fruit capsular or baccate, 1-2-celled, many- seeded. Seeds fixed to parietal placentas, which are from 1-7 in numb.er, the seeds of all are probably inwrapped in a fleshy membrane. Albumen fleshy or very thin. Embryo inclosed, erectish, or curved with leafy cotyledons, and with the radicle looking towards the hilum (Kunth). Smoothish tropical trees, with alternate, simple, entire, or slightly-lobed leaves, which are generally full of pellucid dots. The stipulas are caducous. The peduncles are axillary or terminal, bracteate, 1 or many- flowered, usually forming terminal panicles. Flowers middle- sized. The genera of this order are very imperfectly known. The habit of the plants come near to Malvacece and Flacourtia- nece, but the character of the fruit comes nearer to Cistinete and 294 I. BIXA. Flacourtianeee. This order is composed of tropical trees and shrubs, not remarkable for either beauty or use. The seeds called Avnotta in the shops are the produce of Bixa Orel- lana, these are used for colouring cheese. The seeds retain their power of vegetating a considerable time, therefore in most in- stances they may be introduced from any part of the world in a living state. Synopsis of the Genera. * Petals present. 1 BI'XA. Petals and sepals 5. Style long, ligulate at the apex. Capsule 1 -celled, 2-valved, prickly. 2 ECHINOCA'RPUS. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4-5, cut. Style awl-shaped. Capsule woody, 1 -celled, 4-valved, prickly. 3 TRICHOSPE'RMUM. Sepals and petals 5. Style wanting. Stigma emarginate. Capsule kidney- shaped, 1 -celled, 2-valved, hairy. 4 BANA'RA. Calyx 6-parted, permanent. Petals 6. Stigma capitate. Berry very succulent. 5 L;EVTIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, or wanting. Stigma capitate. Berry fleshy, 2-5-valved. * * Petals absent. 6 HASSE'LTIA. Calyx 4-parted. Petals wanting. Stigma simple. Fruit 1 -2 -celled ; cells 1-2-seeded. 7 PRO'CKIA. Calyx 3-5-parted, permanent. Petals wanting. Stigma entire. Berry dry, 4-6-seeded. 8 LUDIA. Calyx 5-7-parted, permanent. Petals wanting. Style filiform. Stigma trifid. Berry 6-7-seeded. 9 AZA'RA. Calyx 4-5-parted. Petals wanting. Style awl- shaped. Stigma obtuse. Berry many-seeded. 10 KU'HLIA. Calyx campanulate, 6-8-cleft, closed, perma- nent, inner segments largest. Corolla none. Fruit 1 -celled, many-seeded. I. BI'XA (Bixa is the American name of B. orellana.) Lin. gen. no. 654. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. am. 5. p. 353. D. C. prod. 1. p. 259. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals ; sepals orbicular, tuberculated at the base, deciduous, imbricated in aestivation. Petals 5, obovate. Stamens numerous, hypogy- nous, free ; filaments filiform ; anthers ovate. Ovary one. Style one, long, almost ligulate and compressed at the top. Capsule 1 -celled, 2-valved; valves covered with bristles on the outside, each bearing a linear placenta on the inside in the middle. Seeds 8-10 on each side of the placenta, clothed with a farinaceous red pulp. Albumen fleshy. Embryo erect. Cotyledons leafy, flat, parallel, transversely plaited in the middle. Gaert. fruct. 1. t. 61. Trees with broad cordate leaves, and dichotomous pani- cles of large reddish flowers, and prickly capsules. 1 B. ORELLA'NA (Lin. spec. 730.) leaves cordate, ovate, acuminated, entire or angular, smooth on both surfaces, tj . S. Native of South America by the sides of bogs and foun- tains. Cultivated in the West India islands. Sloane, hist. 2. p. 52.t.l81. f. 1. Comm. hort. amst. l.t. 33. B. Americana, Poir. diet. 6. p. 229. Corymbs terminal, panicled; peduncles 2-3-4- flowered. Flowers pale peach-coloured. In Holland the seeds •of this tree are called Orleane ; in Germany, Orleansbaum, Bi- schofsmutze, Anotta. In England we have taken the latter of these names, spelling it variously Arnotto, Anotta, Anota, An- tiolo. The French have adopted the Brasilian name Uruku or Urucu, spelling it Roucouyer, Roucou, or Roomier des Indes. The Portuguese have also the same appellation, U men or Uru- cueira. In Spanish it is Anato or Atolle. In the Mexican language Achioll. Scalager calls it Arbor jinium regundorum, because the Mexicans made plans, and marked the boundaries of their lands on tablets with the colour prepared from the pulp which surrounds the seeds. Tournefort named it Mitella from the resemblance of the capsule, when open, to a mitre. The drug called Arnotta is thus prepared from the red pulp which covers the seeds. The contents of the fruit are taken out and thrown into a wooden vessel, where as much hot water is poured upon them, as is necessary to suspend the red powder or pulp, and by diligent stirring and pounding the pulp is separated from the seeds, or gradually washed off with the assistance of a spatula or spoon. When the seeds appear quite naked they are taken out, and the wash is left to settle ; after which the water is gently poured away, and the sediment put into shal- low vessels, to be dried by degrees in the shade. After acquiring a due consistence it is made into balls or cakes, and set to dry in an airy place until it is perfectly firm. Some persons first pound the contents of the fruit with wooden pestles ; then cover- ing them with water, leave them to steep six days. This liquor being passed through a coarse sieve, and afterwards through three finer ones, is again put into the vat or wooden vessel, and left to ferment a week. It is then boiled until it is pretty thick, and when cool is spread out to dry, and then made up into balls, which are usually wrapped up in leaves. Arnotta of a good quality is of the colour of fire, bright within, soft to the touch, and dissolves entirely in water. It is reputed cooling and cordial, and is much used by the Spaniards in their chocolate and soups, both to heighten the flavour and to give them an agreeable colour. It is esteemed a good antidote to dysentery and disorders of the kidneys, and is recommended as a good stomachic cordial, and a preservative against retention of urine. Mixed with lemon-juice and a gum it makes the crimson paint with which the Indians adorn their persons. It was formerly used by dyers to form the colour called Aurora, but at present it is not held in such high estimation as a dye, though it still main- tains its ground with painters. Arnotta is well known to be the drug which is used for colouring the cheese in Gloucestershire, under the name of cheese-colouring. It is used in Holland for colouring butter. Arnotta gives but a pale brownish yellow colour to water, and is not soluble in that liquid, nor in spirit of wine ; but in order to be fit for dyeing, it requires an alkaline men- struum, to which it gives a bright orange colour, and hence it was formerly used as an ingredient in varnishes and lacquers, and in dyeing wax of a vermilion colour ; but in dyeing cloths it is of little use, as the colour is discharged by exposure to the air and by soap. The bark of the tree makes good ropes for the common plantation uses in the West Indies ; and pieces of the wood are used by the Indians to procure fire by friction. The specific name Orellana is given to this tree because it is believed that it grows principally towards the borders of Orellana in South America. Arnotta is said to be an antidote to the poisonous juice of Manihot. The liquid formerly sold under the name of " Scot's nankeen dye," seems to be nothing but Arnotta dissolved in al- kaline ley. Orellana or Common Arnotta or Anotta-Tree. Fl. May, Aug. Tree 30 feet. 2 B. URUCUSA'NA (Willd. enum. p. 565.) leaves with white scales or dots on the under surface. Tj . S. Native of Brasil. Flow- ers like the last. Uruca or Uruka is the Brasilian name of the tree. Uruca Arnotta. Clt. 1823. Tree ? 3 B. PIATYCA'RPA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 459.) cap- sules nearly kidney-shaped, flat, with very few prickles ; pedicels very thick towards the flower ; leaves cordate, entire, strongly BIXINE^E. II. ECHINOCARPUS. III. TRICHOSPERMUM. IV. BANARA. V. LSTIA. 295 ribbed. Tj . S. Native of Peru or Chili. Corymbs terminal, panicled ; peduncles 2-3-flowered. Broad-capsuled Arnotta-Tree. Tree 20 feet. 4 B. ODORA'TA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 460.) leaves cor- date, acuminated, with one small lobe on each side, and therefore the leaves appear as if they were 3-lobed. Tj . S. Native of Peru or Chili. Corymbs terminal, panicled ; peduncles 2- flowered. Sweet-scented Arnotta-Tree. Tree 20 feet. 5 B. PURPU REA (Hort.) leaves like those of Bixa Orellana. The flowers and capsules are purple. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Purple Arnotta-Tree. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet. Cult. These trees grow to a large size before they can be got to flower from seed. But if cuttings be taken from a flower- ing plant and struck, they may be brought to flower when small plants. Loam and peat suit them well, and cuttings root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. . II. ECHINOCA'RPUS (from WVOQ, echinos, a hedgehog, and Kapiroc, karpos, a fruit; in allusion to the prickly capsules). Blum, bijdr. fl. ind. ned. ex Schlecht. Linncea. 1. p. 645. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, deci- duous. Petals 4-5, cut. Stamens numerous, hypogynous ; anthers pointed. Ovary 1. Style awl-shaped. Stigma simple. Capsule woody, 4-valved; valves echinated on the outside, but filled with farinaceous pulp in the inside. Seeds arillate at the base, 1 or 2 adhering to the middle of each valve. A tree with alternate, stalked, oval-acute or acuminated leaves, and 1 -flow- ered lateral peduncles. 1 E. SIGUN (Blum. 1. c.) fj . S. Native of Java, where the tree is called Sigun. Sigun. Tree 120 feet. Cult. For the cultivation and propagation of this tree, see Bixa. III. TRICHOSPE'RMUM (from %£ TpiXoc, thrix trichos, a hair, and o-Trtpjua, sperma, a seed ; in allusion to the seeds be- ing ciliated.) Blum, bidjr. fl. ind. ned. ex Schlecht. Linnaea 1. p. 645. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 oval decidu- ous sepals, which are imbricate in the bud. Petals 5, oval, rather smaller than the calyx. Stamens indefinite, free, hypogynous ; anthers twin. Ovary somewhat bilocular, crowned by 2 ? emarginate stigmas. Capsules kidney-shaped, 2-valved, hairy on the outside, bearing the seeds on linear intervalvular pla- centas ? Seeds numerous, lenticular, arillate, ciliated. Albu- men fleshy. A tree with alternate ovate-oblong serrulated leaves, which are cordate at the base, and furnished with 2 glands be- neath. Stipulas ovate. Flowers disposed in cymes, which are axillary and solitary. 1 T. JAVA'NICUM (Blum. 1. c.) ^ . S. Native of Java. Flow- ers reddish ? Java Trichospermum. Tree 50 feet. Cult. This tree will grow well in a mixture of loam and sand ; and ripened cuttings will strike freely, if planted in a pot of sand, and placed under a hand-glass, in heat. IV. B AN A1 R A (the name of a shrub in Guiana.) Aubl. guian. 1. p. 547. D. C. prod. 1. p. 259. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, 6- parted ; lobes rounded. Petals 6, roundish, inserted beneath the disk. Stamens 15 and more, inserted at the edge of the the disk. Ovary orbicular, seated on the disk. Style one. Stigma capitate. Berry scarcely succulent, terminated by the 1 style. Seeds indefinite, striated. A shrub with simple leaves, and panicles of small yellow flowers. 1 B. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. 1. c. FIG. 58. 217.) J?.S. Native of Cayenne, in woods. Leaves ovate-oblong, acute, denticulated, somewhat to- mentose on the under surface. Flowers yellow. Berry black. Guiana Banara. Fl. May. Sh. 10 feet. 2 B. ROXBU'RGHII (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 472.) leaves lanceolate, re- motely-toothed, tapering to the base, and quite entire, woolly be- neath ; panicle axillary, very vil- lous. jj . S. Native of the East Indies. Roxburgh's Banara. Sh. 8 feet. Cult. These shrubs will thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and ripened cuttings will root freely if planted in a pot of sand, and placed under a hand-glass, in heat. V. L^TIA (in honour of Jean de Laet of Antwerp, a di- rector of the French East-India Company, who published a Latin history of America in folio, dedicated to King Charles I. of Eng- land. Haller speaks with respect of his botanical remarks as throwing light upon the plants of Marcgrave, and tending to re- concile his descriptions with those of Clusius and the Spanish botanists.) Lin. gen. no. 651. D. C. prod. 1. p. 260. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5 -parted, mar- cescent, coloured. Petals 5, or wanting. Stamens indefinite, hypogynous ; anthers roundish. Style one ; stigma capitate. Capsule fleshy, 3-5-valved, small, globose, acuminated with the style. Seeds many, clothed with a pulpy pellicle. Trees with simple leaves, and axillary peduncles of small whitish flowers with yellow anthers. * Flowers apetalous. 1 L. APE'TALA (Jacq. amer. 167. 1. 108.) flowers apetalous ; peduncles terminal and axillary, usually 3-flowered ; leaves ob- long, blunt, serrulated, shining above. Tj . S. Native of Car- thagena, in woods, and at the river Magdalena, as well as in Brazil and Peru. H. B. and Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 354. Flowers white, like those of Hawthorn. Fruit ovate, 4-angled. Mart. 41. bras. 2. p. 78. t. 165. Ruiz, et. Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 467. b. Petalless Laetia. Fl. Apr. May. Tree 20 feet. 2 L. SCA'BRA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 609.) leaves oval, some- what denticulated, opaque, scabrous on the under surface, triple- nerved ; peduncles axillary, tern ; calyx silky. ^ . S. Native of Hispaniola. Scabrous Laetia. Shrub. 3 L ? GUIDONIA (Swz. prod. 83.) flowers petalless ; pedun- cles 1 -flowered, terminal ; leaves oblong, acuminate, pubescent. Jj. S. Native of Jamaica. Guidonia, Browne, jam. 249. t. 29. f. 4. ? Samyda icosandra, Swz. fl. ind. occ. 3. p. 1962. Style very shortt Capsule fleshy, 3-valved. Perhaps a species of Samyda ? The tree is called Rod-wood in Jamaica. The wood is used in all sorts of buildings. Flowers white ? Fruit beau- tiful red. Guidonia is probably the name of the tree in Jamaica. Guidonia Laetia. Tree 30 feet. 4 L. THA'MNIA (Swz. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 950.) flowers petal- less ; peduncles axillary, many-flowered, sub-divided ; leaves oblong, acute, somewhat crenated, shining. 1? • S. Native in the south of Jamaica, in bushy places by the sea side. Tham- 296 BIXINE^l. V. LJETIA. VI. HASSELTIA. VII. PROCKIA. nia, Browne, jam. 245. t. 25. f. 2. Helwingia, Adans. Flow- ers about the size of a myrtle, with the calyx purple outside, and white within, with yellow anthers. The specific name is derived from Oafivof, a shrub. Shrubby Lsetia. Clt. ? Shrub 8 feet. 5 L. PARVIFL6RA (Spreng, syst. 2. p. 609.) leaves obovate- oblong, rather villous on both surfaces ; panicles axillary, to- mentose ; flowers glomerate. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers small, white. Small-flowered Lactiu. Shrub 8 feet. * * Flowers complete, that is to say, with both petals and sepals. 6 L. COMPLE'TA (Jacq. amer. 167. t. 183. f. 60.) flowers 5- petalled ; leaves ovate, obtuse, serrated, wrinkled, glabrous. Jj . S. Native of Carthagena, in woods. Flowers white ? Berry yellowish-red, slightly triangular. Complete-fiowered Lsetia. Fl. Ju. July. Shrub 10 feet. •{• Species, the flowers of which are not sufficiently known. 7 L. HIRTE'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 355.) branchlets hairy, as well as the leaves on the under surface, on the nerves, and veins, oblong, sharply denticulated ; peduncles 1- fruited. ^ • S. Native near Cumana. Flowers not seen. Hairy Lsetia. Shrub 8 feet. 8 L. GUAZUMJEFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branchlets clothed with rusty tomentum ; leaves oblong, bluntish, obsoletely-denti- culated, hairy on the under surface, particularly on the nerves and veins ; peduncles dichotomous, many-flowered ? fj . S. Na- tive of New Andalusia, near Bordones. Flowers white, with yellow anthers. Guazuma-leaved Lsetia. Tree 30 feet. Cult. These shrubs will thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and cuttings planted in sand, under a hand-glass, and placed in a moderate heat, will root readily. VI. HASSE'LTIA (Van Hasselt, a naturalist, sent by the Dutch government to Java.) H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. amer. 7. p. 236. t. 651. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. Anthers 2-celled. Glands 8, perigynous. Style 1. Fruit almost glo- bose, 1 -2-celled; cells 1-2- seeded. A tree with oblong, toothed, 5-nerved leaves, with two glands at the base, without stipulas, and umbellate terminal cymes of flowers. Flowers small, with a white calyx. . 1 H. FLORIBU'NDA (H. B. 1. c.) Tj . S. Native of South America, at the river Magdalena. Bundle-flowered Hasseltia. Tree 40 feet. Cult. For the cultivation and propagation of this tree, see Bixa. VII. PRO'CKIA (a name of unknown meaning.) Browne in Lin. gen. no. 674. Lam. diet. p. G25. ill. t. 465. D. C. prod. 1. p. 260. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, 3-5- parted ; lobes roundish, unequal. Petals, none. Stamens nu- merous, inserted in the disk ; anthers roundish. Ovary one, roundish. Stigma entire. Berry rather dry, 4-6-seeded, round- ish, smooth. Shrubs with the habit of Grewia, from America or the Mauritius, with alternate, entire, or toothed leaves. Flow- ers yellow, sometimes unisexual from abortion. SECT. I. PROCKIA'RIA (see genus.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 260. Style filiform. Stigma blunt, or acutish. 1 P. CRU'CIS (Lin. spec. 745.) leaves ovate, acuminated, ser- rated ; stipulas somewhat falcate ; racemes few-flowered, termi- nal. Tj . S. Native of the islands of Santa Cruz and Cuba. Calyx 3-4-sepalled. Vahl. symb. 3. p. 69. t 64. Lindl. hot. reg. t. 972. P. acuta, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ? but the leaves are narrower. Flowers yellow. Far. j3, cordata (D. C. prod. 1. p. 260.) leaves cordate; calyx 4-5-sepalled ; stipulas linear. Tj . S. Native of the island of Santa-Cruz. Lam. ill. 465. f. 1. — P. subcordata, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers yellow. Santa-Cruz Prockia. Fl. July. Clt. 1823. Shrub 5 feet. 2 P. SEPTENNE'RVIA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 609.) leaves cordate- oblong, acuminated, serrated, pubescent beneath, 7-nerved ; sti- pulas semi-cordate ; racemes lateral, usually 8-flowered, pilose. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow. Seven-nerved-leaved Prockia. Shrub 5 feet. 3 P. DELTOIDES (Lam. ill. t. 465. f. 3.) leaves roundish-del- toid, crenately subsinuated ; pedicels axillary, generally in pairs. T? . S. Native of the Mauritius and Madagascar. Z)e^otrf-leaved Prockia, Shrub 4 feet. SECT. II. APHLO'IA D. C. prod. 1. p. 261. Lightfootia, Swz. prod. 83. but not of Lher. Style wanting, or scarcely evident. Stigma broad, somewhat orbicular, flatfish. 4 P. SERRA'TA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1213.) leaves oblong-ovate, serrated, acuminated ; peduncles lateral, aggregate, 1- flowered. Tj . S. Native of the island of Montserrat. Flowers yellow. Serrated-leaved Prockia. Clt. 1822. Shrub 3 feet. 5 P. INTEGRIF6LIA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1214.) leaves somewhat leathery, oval or obovate, entire or a little toothed, obtuse, or somewhat emarginate ; peduncles 1 or 4 together, axillary 1- flowered. ^ . S. Native of the Mauritius. Lightfootia inte- grifolia, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 70. Flowers yellow. Far. /3, ovdta (Poir. diet. 5. p. 626.) flowers almost disposed in little axillary umbels. T? . S. Lam. ill. t. 465. f. 2. Entire-leaved Prockia. Shrub 6 feet. 6. P. THE^FO'RMIS j . H. Na- tive of Switzerland,south of France, Italy, Greece, Spain, and Portugal. Cav. icon. 2. p. 31. t. 137. Jacq. coll. 2. p. 120. t. 8. Sweet, cist. 54. Smith, fl. grsec. t. 497. Cistus femina, Clus. hist. 1. p. 70. icon. Flowers middle-sized, white, (f.60.) Var. a, erectiusculus (D.C. prod. 1. p. 265.) stem erectish. Var. ft, ochroleucus (D.C. prod. 1. c.) flowers cream-coloured. Sage-leaved Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1548. Shrub 2 feet. 19 C. OBTUSIFOLIUS (Sweet, cist. t. 42.) leaves almost sessile, tapering to the base, ovate-oblong, obtuse, wrinkled, clothed with starry pubescence ; margins somewhat denticulated ; pe- duncles terminal, cymose, many-flowered ; outer sepals broadly- cordate, acute ; petals obcordate, imbricated. fj . F. Native of Crete. Petals white, with a yellow spot at the base of each. Obtuse-leaved Rock-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.? Sh.ltoljft. 20 C. CUPANIA'NUS (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 206.) stem erect ; leaves stalked, cordate-ovate, acute, wrinkled, reticulately-veined, upper surface scabrous, under surface co- vered with fascicled hairs, margin fringed ; peduncles pilose, 2- 3-flowered ; sepals villous, acuminated ; petals imbricated. fy . F. Native of Sicily. Flowers white, with a spot of yellow at the base of each petal. Sweet, cist. t. 70. . Cujjani's Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. ? Shrub 2 feet. 21 C. ACUTIFOLIUS (Sweet, cist. t. 78.) leaves cordate-ovate, 3-nerved, reticulately-veined, pubescent on both surfaces ; branches twiggy, diffuse, rather prostrate ; peduncles tomentose, generally 3-flowered ; sepals cordate, acute, shining, rather pilose, ciliated ; petals obcordate, imbricated at the base. Jj . H. Native — ? Petals white, yellow at the bottom. C. salvifo- lius ft, humifusus, D. C. prod. 1. p. 265. Acute-leaved Rock-Rose. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1548. Sh. rather procumbent. 22 C. CORBARIE'NSIS (Pourr. in herb. D. C. prod. 1. p. 265.) leaves stalked, somewhat cordate, ovate, acuminated, with fringed margins, wrinkled on both surfaces and very glutinous ; peduncles long, 1-5-flowered. Ij . H. Native of the south of France on the mountains called Les Corbieres, and in Spain. Sweet, cist. 8. C. hybridus, Pourr. chlor. narb. p. 36. not of Vahl. C. salvifolius ft, D.C. fl. fr. 4. p. 813. Petals white, imbricate. Qq 2 300 CISTINE.E. I. CISTUS. Corbiere Rock-Rose. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1656. Shrub 2£ ft. 23 C. FIORENTI'NUS (Lam. diet. 2. p. 17.) leaves narrow-lan- ceolate, wrinkled, reticulated on the under surface, almost ses- sile; peduncles villous, generally 3-flowered. Jj . H. Native of Italy. Sweet, cist. t. 59. Petals white, yellow at the base, imbricate. Sepals acuminate. Florentine Rock-Rose. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1825. Shrub 3 ft. 24 C. MONSPELIE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 737.) leaves linear-lanceo- late, sessile, 3-nerved, clammy, villous on both surfaces ; pedun- cles pilose cymose, somewhat secund. I? . H. Native of the south of France, Spain, and Portugal. Lam. ill. t. 477. f. 4. Cav. icon. 2. t. 137. Jacq. coll. 2.t. 8. Sweet, cist. t. 27. Smith, fl. grsec. t. 493. Flowers middle-sized, white. Petals imbricate, crenate. Montpelier Rock-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1656. Shrub 4 ft. 25 C. PLATYSE'PALUS (Sweet, cist. t. 47.) leaves oblong-lan- ceolate, sessile, wrinkled, 3-nerved, villous on both surfaces ; peduncles cymose, and are as well as the calyxes villous ; sepals acuminated, outer ones broadly-cordate ; petals obcordate, dis- tinct. ^2 . F. Native of Crete. Petals white, with a yellow spot at the base of each. Broad-sepalled Rock-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. — ? Shrub 3 or 4 feet. 26 C. LE'DON (Lam. diet. 2. p. 17.) leaves connate, oblong- lanceolate, nerved, upper surface smooth shining, under surface silky villous ; flowers corymbosely-cymose ; peduncles and calyx clothed with silky villi. ^ . H. Native of the south of France. Duh. arb. 1. p. 168. t. 66. Petals white, with a yellow mark at the base of each. C. undulatus, Link? Ledon Rock-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1730. Shrub 1 foot. 27 C. HIRSU'TUS (Lam. diet. 2. p. 17.) leaves sessile, oblong, blunt, hairy ; peduncles short, 1 -flowered, or cymose many- flowered ; capsules small, covered by the large, hairy, pyramidal calyx. Ij . H. Native of France near Landerneau, and on the mountains of Spain. Sweet, cist. 19. Ledon IV. Clus. hist. 1. p. 78. Petals white, with a yellow mark at the base of each, imbricate. Hairy Rock-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1656. Shrub 2 feet. 28 C. SIDERI'TIS (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 204.) decumbent ; leaves stalked, obovate, a little wrinkled, covered with hoary tomentum on the under surface ; peduncles elongated, 1-2-flowered, articulated above, and are as well as the calyx tomentose ; flowers nodding before expansion. J? . H. Native of Sicily. Flowers white. Sideritis-like Rock-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Shrub decumbent. 29 C. LA'XUS (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 305.) leaves on short footstalks, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, with wavy, somewhat toothed margins, smoothish, upper ones hairy ; flowers cymose ; peduncles and calyx hairy. Jj . H. Native of Spain and Por- tugal. Sweet, cist. 12. Cistus Capensis, Lin. spec. 736.? from Burm. herb. Flowers white, with a yellow spot at the base of each petal. Petals imbricate. Lax-fiowered Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1656. Sh. 3 feet. 30 C. PARVIFO'LIUS (Sweet, cist. p. 8.) stem erect, much branched ; branches rather crowded, erect, densely woolly ; leaves small, ovate, acute, rounded at the base, waved, wrinkled, netted with veins, slightly crenulated on the margins, hairy on both surfaces, rather hoary; peduncles axillary, 1 -3-flowered, nodding before expansion ; sepals acuminated, and clothed with stellate hairs. Tj . H. Native of the south of Europe. Flowers white. Small-leaved Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. ? Sh. 2 feet. 31 C. OBLONGIFO'LIUS (Sweet, cist. t. 67.) erect; branches hispid-villous ; leaves on short footstalks, oblong-lanceolate, ob- tuse, pubescent and waved at the margins, under surface veiny ; peduncles cymose ; petals concave, imbricated. Jj . H. Native of Spain. ? Petals white, with a yellow spot at the base of each. Oblong-leaved Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. ? Sh. 4 feet. 32 C. ASPERIFO'LIUS (Sweet, cist. t. 87.) leaves almost sessile, ovate-lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, wrinkled, smoothish, with wavy margins, somewhat denticulated, ciliated, netted with veins beneath, with the nerves and veins rough ; flowers cymose ; pe- duncles and calyxes hairy ; petals imbricate. Jj . H. Native of? Petals white, yellow at the base, and tinged with red at the top. Rough-leaved Rock- Rose. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. ? Sh. 2 feet. 33 C. PSILOSE'PALUS (Sweet, cist. t. 33.) leaves on short foot- stalks, oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved, acute, with undulated mar- gins, which are somewhat denticulated and ciliated, rather hairy ; flowers somewhat cymose ; peduncles hairy-tomentose ; sepals with long points, glabrous, shining, with ciliated edges ; petals broad-cuneated, imbricated. Tj . H. Native ? Petals white, with a yellow mark at the base of each. Smooth-sepalled Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. ? Sh. 2 or 3 ft. * * Peduncles with small, concave, coriaceous, yellumish, de- cussate, caducous bracteoles at the base ; and with two larger opposite ones beneath the middle. 34 C. LONGIFO' LIUS (Lam. diet. 2. p. 16.) leaves on short footstalks, oblong-lanceolate, with waved and pubescent mar- gins, under surface veiny ; peduncles cymose. Tj . H. Native of Spain and south of France, about Narbonne. Cistus nigri- cans, Pourr. act. toul. 3. p. 311. Flowers white, with a yellow mark at the base of each petal. Long-leaved Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. ? Shrub 4 feet. 35 C, POPULIFO' LIUS (Lin. spec. 736.) leaves stalked, cor- date, acuminate, wrinkled, smooth ; flowers cymose ; peduncles bracteate ; bracteas oblong ; sepals acuminate, clammy, fj . H. Flowers white. Petals distinct. Var. j3, minor (D. C. prod. 1. c.) peduncles and calyx smooth- ish, shining, clammy. J? . H. Native of the south of France, Spain, and Portugal. Ledon latifolium, 2 Clus. hist. 1. p. 78. Cistus populifolius, Cav. icon. 3. t. 215. Sweet, cist. t. 23. Poplar-leaved Rock-Rose. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1656. Sh. 3 ft. 36 C. LATIFO'LIUS (Sweet, cist. 15.) leaves stalked, broad, cordate, acute, with curled, waved, denticulated, ciliated mar- gins ; peduncles bracteate, long, somewhat cymose, pilose ; sepals broad-cordate, villous ; petals imbricated. T? . F. Native of Barbary. Cistus populifolius, var. a, major, D. C. prod. 1. p. 266. Petals white, with a yellow spot at the base of each. Broad-leaved Rock-Rose. Fl. May.Ju. Clt. 1656. Sh. 3 ft. §. 2. Peduncles bracteate ; bracteas caducous, decussate, lower ones smaller, \-Jlowered, axillary solitary, or terminal umbel- late. Calyx of 3-sepals. Capsules 5-lO-j;elled. * Stigma large, sessile. 37 C. LAURIFO'LIUS (Lin. spec. 736.) leaves stalked, ovate- lanceolate, 3-nerved, upper surface glabrous, under surface to- mentose ; footstalks dilated and connate at the base ; capsules 5-celled. ^. H. Native of the south of France and Spain. Sweet, cist. t. 52. — Clus. hist. 1. p. 78. f. 1. Flowers white, with a yellow mark at the base of each petal. Laurel-leaved Gum-Cistus. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1 731 . Sh. 4 ft. 38 C. CY'PRIUS (Lam. diet. 2. p. 16.) leaves stalked, oblong- lanceolate, upper surface glabrous, under surface clothed with hoary tomentum ; peduncles generally many-flowered ; petals spotted ; capsules 5-celled. Tj . H. Native of the island of Cyprus. Sweet, cist. 39. C. ladaniferus, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1 1 2. Perhaps Cistus stenophyllus, Link enum. 2. p. 74. ? Flowers white, with a dark spot at the base of each petal. Petals im- bricate. Cyprus Gum-Cistus or Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1800. Shrub 4 feet. CISTINE^E. I. CISTUS. II. HELIANTHEMUM. 301 39 C. LADANIFERUS (Lin. spec. 737.) leaves almost sessile, connate at the base, linear-lanceolate, 3-nerved, upper surface glabrous, under surface tomentose ; capsule 1 0-celled. Tj . F. Native of Spain and Portugal, on hills. Petals imbricate. Var. a, albiflorus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 266.) petals white, yellow at the base. Sweet, cist. t. 84. Ledon. I. Clus. hist. 1. p. 78. icon. Far. y, mactdatus (D. C. prod. 1. c.) petals white, each marked near the base with a dark blood-coloured spot. Sweet, cist. t. 1. C. ladaniferus ft, planifolius, Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 305. The Cistus ladaniferus and Ledon produce the gum Ladanum, but not in such quantities as C. Creticus. The resin which is secreted from the leaves and other parts of the shrub is scraped off by means of a kind of rake, called in Candia, Ergatiri, to which numerous leathern thongs are appended instead of teeth. This instrument being drawn backwards and forwards over the plant from time to time collects the resin. Dioscorides says they gather the Ladanum by means of goats, which browzing on the leaves of the shrub, return to the stable with their beards loaded with a fat substance, which the peasants rake off with a kind of comb made on purpose. The chief use of this gum in modern practice is in fumigations, cephalic and stomachic plasters, its fragrant smell having made it a constant ingredient in such pre- parations ; sometimes it is used in torches. It was formerly ex- hibited as a pectoral and astringent in catarrhal affections, dysen- teries, and several other diseases. The best is in dark-coloured masses of the consistence of soft plaister, growing still softer on being handled. The other is in long rolls, coiled up and much harder than the preceding, and not so dark. It should be ob- served that Ladanum gives out its active matter to spirit of wine, which dissolves nearly the whole of the pure Ladanum into gold- coloured liquor, and little or nothing to water, from its being entirely resinous, and consequently not soluble in water. Ladanum-bearing Rock-Rose or Gurn-Cistus. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1629. Shrub 4 feet. * * Stigma capitate, small. Style cylindrical, equalling the stamens in length. 40 C. CLUSII (Dunal, ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 266.) erect; leaves somewhat 3-nerved, linear, with revolute margins, under surface canescent; flowers somewhat capitate; calyx 3-5-sepalled, pilose ; sepals ovate, acute ; capsules 5-celled. Tj . F. Native of Spain and Barbary. Sweet, cist. t. 32. Cistus Libanotis, ft, Lam. diet. 2. p. 18. Desf. atl. 1. p. 412, exclusive of the syno- nym. C. undulatus, Link. Ledon. VII. Clus. hist. 1. p. 80. icon. Bracteas pilose, broad-ovate, acuminated, ciliated, ca- ducous, somewhat longer than the peduncles. Petals white. Habit of Helianthemum Libanotis, with the character of Ledonia. Clusius's Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1810. Shrub 2 feet. * A species not sufficiently known. 41 C. CO'RSICUS (Lois, in ann. soc. lin. par. vol. 4.) leaves opposite stalked, ovate, acuminated, rather tomentose, reticu- lated with veins beneath ; peduncles usually 1 -flowered, and are, as well as the calyx villous ; branches and leaves rough from starry small hairs. Tj . H. Native of Corsica. Perhaps a spe- cies of Helidnthemum. Corsican Rock-Rose. Shrub. Cult. The species of the genus Cislus or Rock-Rose deserve to be cultivated in every garden for the beauty of their flowers and leaves. The greater part of those marked frame shrubs will survive a severe winter if planted against a south wall so as to be covered with mats in severe frosts ; but notwithstanding, we would recommend a plant of each of these tenderer sorts to be kept in the green-house during winter, and to be planted out in the spring. They may be either increased by seeds or layers, or by ripened cuttings, taken off in July or August, which if planted thinly under a hand-glass will root readily. II. HELIA'NTHEMUM (from n\ws, helios, the sun, and av§OQ, anthos, a flower ; because the flowers open with the rising of the sun in the morning, and the petals fall off with the setting of the sun in the evening. The flowers of Helianthemum, as well as Cistus, only last for a few hoars while the sun shines ; but if the weather is dull, and the sun does not make its appearance, the flowers do not open, but will remain unexpanded. Should this continue for several days together, they will decay in the bud.) Town. inst. 248. t. 128. Gaert. fr. 1. p. 371. t. 76. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 815. prod. 1. p. 266. Cisti species, Lin. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 3 equal sepals ; but when 5, they are disposed in a double series, the two outer sepals are usually smaller than the inner ones, very rarely larger. Petals 5, usually regularly denticulated at the top. Stigma capitate. Style sometimes almost wanting, sometimes straight, sometimes oblique, and sometimes bent at the base. Ovary tri- quetrous. Capsule 3-valved ; valves with a narrow dissepiment, or a seminiferous nerve in the middle of each. Seeds angular, smooth. Albumen mealy. Embryo uncinately-inflexed, as in. H. vulgiire, Gaert. 1. p. 371. t. 76. f. 1 1. Erect or trailing herbs, sub- shrubs, or shrubs. Leaves opposite and alternate, with or with- out stipulas, 3-nerved, or feather-nerved. Pedicels usually fur- nished with bracteas at the base, sometimes opposite the brae- teas, or opposite the leaves, sometimes solitary, sometimes umbellate, and sometimes racemose ; racemes secund, sometimes corymbose, sometimes paniculate ; and before the flowers ex- pand the racemes at the top are bent or twisted backwards, and become gradually erect as the flowers expand. Flowers yellow, red, or white. This genus is divided into three particular series, viz. — I. Style straight, erect, almost wanting, or shorter than the stamens. Stigma capitate. Sect. I. II. and III., Hallmium, Lecheoides, and Tuberaria, belong to this. II. Style straight, erect, equal with or longer than the stamens. Sect. IV. and V., Macularia, and Brachypetalum, belong to this. III. Style bent at the base. Sect. VI. VII. VIII. and IX., Eriocdrpum, Fumana, Pseudocistus, and Euhelidnt/temum, be- long to this. SECT. I. HALI'MIUM (aXijuoe, halimos, marine; habitation of plants by the sea-side). D. C. prod. 1. p. 267. Calyx usually of 3 equal sepals, rarely of 5 unequal sepals, but when this is the case the two outer ones are small. Petals rarely white, visually yellow, wedge-shaped, truncate, and usually marked at the base with a dark-bloody or intense yellow spot. Style straight, short, or almost wanting. Stigma capitate, somewhat 3-lobed. Seeds few, blackish, minutely muricated, somewhat angular. Erect shrubs. Leaves opposite, 3-nerved, without stipulas, pilose or tomentose. Peduncles 1-3-flowered, axillary, solitary, or um- bellate, rarely panicled. * Style short, straight. 1 H. LIBANOTIS (Willd. enum. 570.) erect, smoothish, branch- ed ; leaves sessile, linear, with revolute margins, upper surface brownish-green, under surface somewhat canescent ; bracteas oblong-linear, shorter than the peduncles ; peduncles solitary, 1 -flowered ; calyx of 3 sepals, smooth, shining, ovate-acumi- nate. T; . F. Native of Portugal and Mauritania. Cistus Libanotis, Lin. spec. 739. Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 261.; but not of Lam. nor Desf. — H. rosmarinifolium, Lag. in litt. but not of 302 CISTINEjE. II. HELIANTHEMUM. Pursh. — Barrel, icon. 294. — Ledon VIII. Clus. hist. I. p. 80. icon. Petals yellowish. Style one-half shorter than the sta- mens. Stigma small. Rosemary-\ea\ed Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1752. Shrub 1 foot. 2 H. UMBELLA'TUM (Mill. diet. no. 5.) suffruticose, branched, younger branches tomentosely-pilose, clammy ; leaves sessile, linear-oblong, with revolute margins, clammy, under surface to- mentose; peduncles 1 -flowered, disposed in whorled racemes, terminal, umbellate ; calyx S-sepalled, villous. 1? . F. Native of France, Spain, and Portugal. Cistus umbellatus, Lin. spec. 739. Petals white, imbricate. Style one-half shorter than the sta- mens. Stigma small. Var. a, erectus (B.C. prod. 1. p. 267.) stem erect ; leaves on the under surface clothed with greenish tomentum. Sweet, cist. 5. Cistus umbellatus, Lam. diet. 2. p. 18. — Cistus verti- cillatus, Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 262. LMon X. Clus. hist. 1. p. 80. Var. ft, subdecumbens, (D. C. prod. 1. p. 267.) stem some- what decumbent : leaves somewhat ciliated, clothed with white tomentum on the under surface. Cistus umbellatus, a, Lam. diet. 2. p. 18. Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 262. Umbellate-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1731. Shrub 1 foot. 3 H. OCYMOI'DES (Pers. ench. 2. p. 76.) erect, branched ; branches hoary ; cauline leaves obovate, or ovate-oblong, 3- nerved, almost sessile, green, those of the branches are stalked and keeled on the back, reflexed at the top, hoary on both sur- faces ; peduncles long, branched, paniculate ; pedicels opposite, somewhat umbellate ; calyx of 3 much-pointed |sepals. fj . F. Native of Spain and Portugal. Cistus ocymoides, Lam. diet. 2. p. 18. Cistus sampsucifolius, Cav. icon. 1. p. 65. t. 96. — Clus. hist. 1. p. 72. icon. Petals distinct, yellow, spotless, or marked with a dark purple spot at the base of each. Stamens dark purple at the top, and yellow at the base. Far. a, peduncles glabrous. Var. ft, branches and peduncles rather hairy. Ocymmn-like Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. ? Shrub 3 feet. * * Style almost none; stigma large. 4 H. ALYSSOI'DES (Vent, choix. t. 20.) erect, much branched, diffuse, spreading ; branches hoary, tomentosely-hairy at the top ; leaves sessile, tapering towards the base, oblong-ovate, bluntish, covered with short hairs, younger ones rather hoary, adult ones green ; peduncles terminal, solitary, or umbellate, 1-2- flowered, longer than the leaves ; calyx 3-sepalled, acuminated, hairy. Tj . F. Native of Spain and west of France. Cistus alyssoides, a, Lam. diet. 2. p. 20. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 818. Pe- tals yellow. Flower-bud of an intense purple-colour at the top. Alyssum-Uke Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.? Shrub 3 ft. 5 H. RUGOSUM (Dunal, ined. in. D. C. prod 1. p. 268.) erect ; branches rather hairy, clothed with leprous tomentum, scabrous, of a brownish-grey colour ; leaves sessile, tapering out into the footstalks at the base, obovate-oblong, bluntish, rather oblique, with the margins somewhat denticulated, and a little curled, to- mentose on both surfaces, wrinkled, under surface hoary ; pedun- cles terminal, axillary, or umbellate, 1-3-flowered, hairy, shorter than the leaves ; calyx 3-sepalled, hairy. >j . F. Native of Spain. Sweet, cist. t. 65. Petals yellow, crenulated, imbricate, with a large dark mark at the base. Wrinkled-leaved Sun-Rose. June, August. Clt. 1800. Shrub 3 feet. 6 H. MICROPHY'LLUM (Sweet, cist. t. 96.) much branched, erect ; branches blackish-grey, hairy-tomentose at the apex ; leaves almost sessile, obtuse, keeled, tapering to the base, ob- scurely greyish, tomentose ; flowers terminal, panicled ; pedun- cles hairy-tomentose ; pedicels 1-3-flowered, very short ; calyx of 3 sepals, very hairy ; petals cuneated, distinct. Tj . F. Na- tive of the west of France, near Bordeaux. H. rugosum, ft. microphyllum, D. C. prod. 1. p. 268. H. alyssoides, ft. micro- phyllum, D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 622. A weak shrub. Petals yellow, with a dark purple spot at the base of each. Small-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1800. Shrub 2 feet. 7 H. SCABROSUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 76.) erectish ; branches pilosely-tomentose, scabrous, canescent ; leaves sessile, tapering to the base, oblong-ovate, acutish, roughish, 3-nerved, with waved revolute margins, upper surface green, under surface clothed with grey tomentum ; peduncles terminal, 1-2-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; calyx 3-sepalled, hairy ; petals distinct. Tj . F. Native of the north of Portugal. Sweet, cist. 81. Cistus sca- brosus, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 236. Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 265. Flowers yellow. Rough Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1775. Shrub 3 ft. 8 H. ALOARVE'NSE (Dun. ined. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 268.) stem branched ; leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, hoary on the under surface, upper surface green, pilose ; peduncles some- what panicled, pilose ; calyx 3-sepalled, acute, hairy. Tj . F. Native of Portugal, in the Algarves. Sweet, cist. t. 40. Cistus Algarvensis, Curt. hot. mag. 627. H. Algarvense, Tourn. inst. 250. ? Branches, leaves, peduncles, and sepals, beset with long loose hairs. Petals yellow with a dark base, crenated, at length distinct. Algarve Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1800. Shrub 3 feet. 9 H. FORMOSUM (Dunal. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 268.) erect ; branches tomentosely-villous, canescent ; leaves on short footstalks, obovate-lanceolate, tomentosely-villous, younger ones hoary ; peduncles and calyxes villous ; calyx 3-sepalled. Jj . F. Native of Portugal. Cistus formosus, Curt. bot. mag. 264. Petals large, yellow, marked with a black spot at the base of each. Beautiful Sun-Rose. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1780. Shrub 4 feet. 10 H. ATRIPLICIFOLIUM (Willd. enum. 569.) erect; branches white from leprous tomentum ; leaves stalked, broad-ovate, bluntish, waved at the base, covered with leprous tomentum on both surfaces ; peduncles racemose, hairy ; calyx hairy, 3-sepal- led, rarely 5-sepalled, with the two outer ones very minute. Jj . F. Native of Spain. Cistus atriplicifolius, Lam. diet. 2. p. 19. — Barrel, icon. t. 292. Upper leaves sessile. Pili long, rufescent. Petals large, yellow. A triplex-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1656. Shrub 4-6 feet. 1 1 H. LASIA'NTHUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 76.) stem suffruticose, much branched; branches dark-cinereous, at top tomentose- hairy ; leaves almost sessile, ovate-oblong, often blunt, keeled, of an obscure greyish colour, tomentose ; peduncles 1-2-flowered, hairy, very short ; calyx usually 3-sepalled, very hairy. Tj . F. Native of Spain. Cistus lasianthus, Lam. diet. 2. p. 19. — Barrel, icon. t. 289 ? Peduncles, calyxes, and younger leaves beset with long white hairs. Calyx sometimes 5-sepalled, with the two outer sepals very narrow and smoothish at the top. Petals yellow, with or without a dark spot at the base of each. Hairy-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1826. Shrub 3 ft. 12 H. INVOLUCRA'TUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 76.) branched, erect ; branches rather greyish, tomentose ; lower leaves stalked, some- what ovate, small, hoary-tomentose, upper ones oblong-lanceo- late, sessile, greenish, and roughish ; peduncles very short, sur- rounded by the leaves ; calyx 5-sepalled, inner ones hoary-to- mentose, outer ones linear, smoothish, and greenish. fj . F. CISTINE^E. II. HELIANTHEMUM. 303 Native of Spain and Portugal. Cistus involucr&tus, Lam. diet. 2. p. 20. Axillary branchlets leafy. Flowers yellow. Involucrated-Hovfered. Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. Shrub 2 feet. 13 H. CHEIRANTHOI'DES (Pers. ench. 2. p. 76.) erect, branch- ed ; younger branches villously-tomentose, hoary ; leaves tomen- tose, hoary, oblong-lanceolate, tapering out into the footstalk ; peduncles very short, 2 -flowered ; calyx somewhat villous, 5- sepalled, outer sepals very minute. Tj . F. Native of Spain. Sweet, cist. t. 107. Cistus cheiranthoides, Lam. diet. 2. p. 19. Cistus elongatus, Vahl. symb. 1. p. 38 ? — Cistus halimi folio II. Clus. hist. 1. p. 71. Floral leaves small, alternate. Flowers yellow, without a dark spot^at the base of each petal, imbricate. Wallflower-like Sun-Rose. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub 3 feet. 14 H. CA'NDIDUM (Sweet, cist. t. 25.) erect; branches le- prously-white, as well as the leaves on both surfaces, which are obovate-lanceolate, tapering to the base, somewhat stalked, upper surface pilose, under surface scabrous from papillae, rather 3- nerved ; floral ones opposite, sessile, and green on both surfaces ; peduncles long, rather panicled, glabrous or with a few scat- tered hairs ; calyxes with 3 or 5 acute sepals, villous ; petals imbricated. Tj . F. Native of Spain. Petals bright yellow, with a dark velvety spot at the base of each, edged with purple. Whitened Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub 2 to 3 ft. 15 H. HALIMIFOLIUM (Willd. enum. 569.) erect, branched; branches leprously-white at the top, as well as the leaves on both surfaces ; leaves on very short footstalks, ovate-oblong, tapering to the base ; peduncles long, branched, somewhat panicled, leprously-white ; calyx leprous, 5-sepalled, two outer ones very narrow, linear, 1? . F. Native of Spain and Por- tugal by the sea-side. Sweet, cist. t. 4. Cistus halimifolius, Lin. spec. 738. — Cistus folio halimi I. Clus. hist. 1. p. 71. Floral leaves small, alternate. Petals yellow, spotless, or each marked with a small dark-bloody spot at the base, imbricate. Capsule 2-3-valved. Var. ft, obtusifolium (D. C. prod. 1. p. 269.) leaves obtuse, tj . F. Growing along with var. a. Sea-Purslane-leaved. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1656. Shrub 3 feet. SECT. II. LECHEOI'DES (from Lechea and idea, similar ; plants with the habit of Lechea.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 269. Calyx 5- sepalled, two outer sepals narrow, linear, 3 inner ones acute, with scarious margins. Petals yellow. Style almost wanting, or very short, erect. Stigma large, capitate. Ovary trian- gular. Capsule smooth, shining 3-valvecl, 1-celled. Seeds rufescent, small. Stems herbaceous or suffruticose, ascendant or erect, usually dichotomous. Lower leaves opposite, cauline ones alternate, feather-nerved, on short footstalks or sessile, with- out stipulas. * Peduncles many-flowered, axillary, or terminal. Flowers small, crowded, yellow. 16 H. CORYMBOSUM (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 307.) suffruti- cose, branched, erect ; branches dichotomous, rather pubescent, somewhat tomentosely-cinereous at the top ; cauline leaves alter- nate, oblong-lanceolate, bluntish, under surface clothed with woolly tomentum, upper leaves with revolute margins ; corymbs fastigiate, crowded ; calyx tomentosely-hairy, canescent, outer sepals linear, blunt, inner ones ovate, acute, somewhat shorter than the capsule, f; . H. Native of New Jersey and Georgia. Style very short. Corj/mi-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. July, Aug. Shrub 1 foot. 17 H. ROSMARINIFOLIUM (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 364.) erect, branched, dichotomous ; branches very erect, pubescent ; leaves oblong-linear, with the margins usually revolute, under surface clothed with hoary tomentum ; axillary branchlets on very short peduncles, 1-3-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; inner sepals ovate, acute, 3 times smaller than the petals. If. . H. Na- tive of Georgia, Canada, and about Boston. Lechea major, Bigel. fl. bost. p. 29. Flowers minute, crowded. Capsule shining, triquetrous, rufous. Petals pale yellow. Rosemary-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 ft. 18 H. GLOMERA'TUM (Lag. in litt.) suffruticose, erect, some- what dichotomous ; branches rather tomentosely-cinereous ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, tapering to the base, under surface hoary ; racemes axillary or terminal, many-flowered, smaller than the leaves ; flowers glomerate. Tj . F. Native near Aca- pulca and Cimupan in New Spain. Sweet, cist. t. 110. Cistus glomeratus, Lag. gen. et spec. p. 16. Flowers small. Glomerate-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub | foot. * * Peduncles \-flowered, bractless, situated on the branches. 19 H. RAMULIFLORUM (Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 307.) erect, beset with powdery pili, branched at the top, somewhat dichotomous ; branchlets twiggy, bearing flowers ; cauline leaves lanceolate-elliptic or oblong, acute, with the margins scarcely revolute, under surface hoary-tomentose ; flowers stalked, soli- tary ; inner sepals broad-ovate, acuminated ; capsule globose, length of calyx. 1£. H. Native of Carolina. Cistus virgatus, Thibaud, ined. Peduncles and calyxes pilose. Style very short, erect. Branch-flowered Sun- Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 ft. 20 H. CANADE'NSE (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 308.) ascen- dant ; branches erect, hairy ; cauline leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, hairy, under surface palest ; peduncles hairy, 1 -flowered, solitary ; inner sepals broad-ovate, acuminated ; capsules shorter than the calyx. I/ . H. Native of Canada and Carolina. Sweet, cist. 21. Cistus .Canadensis, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1199. Calyx hairy. Petals obcordate, imbricate. Canadian Sun-Rose. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1799. PI. 1 foot. 21 H. BRASILIE'NSE (Pers. ench. 2. p. 77.) suffruticose; branch- es simple, hairy ; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, sessile, hairy ; peduncles and calyxes hairy, canescent; peduncles solitary, 1- flowered ; inner sepals ovate, acuminated. Tj . F. Native of Brasil on the mountains. Sweet, cist. t. 43 Cistus Brasiliensis. Lam. diet. 2. p. 22. Cistus alternifolius, Vahl. symb. 1. p. 38. Brasilian Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1823. Shrub i foot. 22 H. poiYGALjEFo'iiuM (Sweet, cist. t. 11.) suffruticose, flexuous, ascending, branched ; branches weak, hairy-tomen- tose, rather hoary ; cauline leaves sessile, alternate, acute, ciliated, shining, lower ones oblong-lanceolate, upper ones lan- ceolate-linear ; peduncles 1 -flowered, longer than the leaves, and are as well as the calyxes hairy-canescent ; inner sepals ovate, lanceolate, acuminated; petals obcordate, concave, crenulated, imbricate at the base. Pj . F. Native of Brasil. Milkivort-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1823. Sh. 4 ft. 23 H. CAROLINIA'NUM (Michx. fl, bor. amer. 1. p. 307.) her- baceous, hairy, erect ; leaves tomentosely-hairy, rather denticu- lated, green on the upper surface, on short footstalks, blunt, lower ones opposite, obovate, the rest alternate, oblong-ovate ; peduncles solitary, 1 -flowered, clothed with white hairs; calyx hairy ; inner sepals oblong, acute. I/ . H. Native of Carolina and Georgia. Vent. eels. 74. icon. Sweet, cist. t. 99. Flowers large, with the petals slightly imbricate at the base. Carolinian Sun-Rose. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. i foot. 24 H. A'STYLUM (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 284.) stems diffuse, rather herbaceous, dwarf; leaves generally alternate, stipulate, ovate-oblong ; sepals 5, the 304 CISTINEjE. II. HELJANTHEMUM. 2 outer ones linear, small ; style none ; stigma somewhat 3-lobed. — Native of New Spain. Styleless Sun-Rose. Shrub. 25 H. IKIPE'TALUM (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 284.) stems numerous, erect, slender; leaves alternate, linear, without stipulas ; sepals 5, outer 2 linear, small ; petals 3. — Native of Mexico. Three-petalled Sun-Rose. Shrub. 26 H. OBCORDAVTUM (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 284.) erect, suffruticose ; leaves alternate, oblong, stipulate, somewhat fascicled ; sepals 3 ; petals 5, ob- cordate. ^ • G- Native of Mexico. Obcordale-petalled Sun-Rose. Shrub. SECT. III. TUBERA'RIA (meaning unknown). D. C. prod. 1. p. 270. Calyx 5-sepalled, 2 outer sepals smaller or larger, usually spreading. Petals yellow, often marked with a dark- purple spot at the base of each, entire, denticulated, or ser- rated. Stamens numerous, much longer than the pistil. Style straight, almost wanting. Stigma capitate. Capsule 3-valved. Seeds minute, yellowish. Roots perennial woody, or herbaceous, annual or biennial. Stems herbaceous, erect, or adscendant. Leaves 3-nerved, opposite, without stipulas, upper ones some- times alternate, and usually furnished with stipulas ; stipulas long, linear, acute. Flowers somewhat panicled or racemose, secund, with or without bracteas. * Perennia. Leaves without slipulas. Stems pilose at the base and smooth at the top. Flowers few, bracteate, disposed in some- thing like panicles. 27 H. GLOBULARIJEFOLIUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 77.) perennial ; stems ascendant, simple, rather naked at the top ; radical leaves on long footstalks, obtuse, rather spatulate ; cauline leaves ses- sile, acute, all hairy ; pedicels few, furnished with bracteas at the base, disposed in something like a cyme ; calyx glabrous. 7; . F. Native of the north of Portugal. Cistus globulariae- f olius, Lam. diet. 2. p. 22. Petals spotted or spotless. Stamens violet-coloured. Globularia-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl.July. Clt. 1826. PL 4 ft. 28 H. TUBERA'RIA (Mill. diet. no. 10.) perennial; stems ascendant, almost simple ; radical leaves ending in the footstalk, ovate-oblong, 3-nerved, tomentosely-hairy, canescent, under sur- face nerved, upper surface furrowed ; cauline leaves sessile, almost smooth, lanceolate, upper ones alternate ; pedicels few, furnished with bracteas at the base, disposed in something like a panicle ; calyx smooth, shining. I/ . F. Native of Provence, Italy, Spain, and Portugal. Sweet, cist. t. 18. Cistus Tuberaria, Lin. spec. 741. Cav. icon. 1. p. 65. t. 67. Petals distinct. Tuberaria or Plantain-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1752. PI. I foot. 29 H. LIGNOSUM (Sweet, cist. t. 46.) stem tetragonal, shrubby, clothed with rough scaly bark ; branches ascending, covered with hispid hairs ; leaves ovate-oblong, ending in the petiole, 3-nerved, also beset with hispid hairs, canescent, under surface nerved, upper surface furrowed ; floral leaves sessile, glabrous, oblong-lanceolate, uppermost ones alternate ; pedicels few, fur- nished with bracteas at the base, rather panicled, about the length of the calyx ; petals obovate, distinct, spreading. >j . F. Native of the south of Europe. Woody Sun-Rose. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1809. Shrub 1 foot. * Annua? Superior leaves usually furnished with stipulas. Racemes secund, terminal. SO H. BUPLEURIFOLIUM (Dunal. ined. and. D. C. prod. 1. p. 270.) perennial? stem erect, pubescent at the base, upper part glabrous, rather shining ; leaves oblong, acute, smooth, long, ending in the footstalk ; cauline leaves opposite, uppermost ones alternate, stipulate ; peduncles long, pilosely-pubescent ; pedicels and calyx hairy. I/ ? F. Native of Spain and Por- tugal. Cistus bupleurifolius, Lam. diet. 2. p. 22. Pedicels bractless. Outer sepals ovate, obtuse, one-half shorter than the inner ones, which are acute. Stipulas long, almost linear. Bupleurum-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. July, Aug. PI. f foot. 31 H. HETERODOXUM (Dunal, ined. in herb. Banks and B.C. prod. 1. p. 270.) erect, hairy ; hairs long, whitish; leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, tomentosely-scabrous, with the nerves on the upper surface, hairy ; lower leaves opposite, upper ones alternate, stipulate; racemes secund, hairy, bractless; flowers on very short pedicels, approximate, somewhat imbricate ; outer sepals largest, covering the inner ones, appearing like bracteas. Q? H. Native of the north of Africa near Valle, also in Spain. H. imbricatum, Lag. in litt. Outer sepals hairy on both sur- faces ; inner ones smooth and shining on the inner surface, with membranous margins. Capsules acutish. Seeds numerous, somewhat globose, of an obscure yellow-glaucous colour, mi- nutely muricated. Heterodox Sun-Rose. Fl. Jul. Aug. PI. j foot. 32 H. PLANTAGI'NEUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 77.) erect, hairy ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, opposite, sessile, 3-nerved, under sur- face villously-tomentose, and hairy on the nerves ; upper surface beset with simple appressed hairs ; uppermost leaves oblong- linear, stipulate, somewhat alternate ; racemes short, without bracteas ; outer sepals smoothish, narrow-linear, nearly equal in length with the inner ones which are hoary-villous ; petals den- ticulated. O- H. Native of Crete, Corsica, Spain, and north of Africa. Cistus plantagineus, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1197. Cistus serratus, Desf. atl. 1. p. 416. exclusive of the synonym of Cav. Cistus guttatus 7, Lam. diet. 2. p. 23. Plant covered with white hairs. Petals yellow, without spots. Plantain-like Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl.|ft. 33 H. GUTTA'TUM (Mill. diet. no. 18.) rather hairy; leaves opposite, sessile, oblong-linear, 3-nerved, villously-hairy, upper- most ones alternate ; racemes loose, bractless ; pedicels filiform, almost naked ; outer sepals one half shorter than the inner ones. O- H. Native of France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Turkey in dry places. In Anglesea and Jersey in sandy pastures, rare. Cistus guttatus, Lin. spec. 2. p. 742. Smith, engl. bot. 544. Fl. grsec. t. 498. Curt. lond. fasc. 6. t. 33. Cistus acuminatus, Viv. fragm. 13. t. 14. f. 1? Far. a, Columnce (B. C. prod. 1. p. 71.) petals entire and spotted at the base. Hel. flore maculoso, Column, ecphr. 2. p. 78. t. 77. Cistus guttatus, Smith, fl. graec. t. 498. Var. ft, Cavanellesii (D. C. prod. 1. c.) petals spotted at the base and jagged at the top. Cistus serratus, Cav. icon. 2. p. 57. f. 1. but not of Desf. Var. y, Lamdrckii (B.C. prod. 1. c.) petals - marked with a small spot at the base of each, or almost without the spot. Cistus guttatus, /3, punctatus. Lam. diet. 2. p. 23. Perhaps H. punc- tatum, no. 36. Var. $, exstipulatum (B. C. prod. 1. c.) stem almost simple ; leaves without stipulas. Var. e, fulcraceum (B. C. prod. 1. c.) stem branched, 2-3- forked ; upper leaves furnished with long stipulas. H. Native of Spain and Cor- sica. H. prae'cox, Saltzm. exsic. Inconspicuous Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. J ft. 36 H. PUNCTA'TUM (Willd. enum. 570.) branched, dichoto- mous, rather tomentosely pubescent, somewhat cinereous ; leaves oblong, feather-nerved, rather cinereous, covered with short, roughish, stellate hairs ; lower leaves opposite, obtuse, upper ones alternate, acutish, stipulate ; racemes long, pubescent, cine- reous, few-flowered. O.H. Native of the west of France. Sweet, cist. t. 61. Cistus punctatus, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1199. Pedun- cles rarely bearing a large bract or small leaf in the middle. Pedicels filiform, long. Petals serrulated, small, yellow, with a darker spot on the base of each, distinct. Z)o«ed-petalled Sun-Rose. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1816. PI. j ft. SECT. IV. MACULA'RIA (from macula, a spot, in allusion to the petals having a dark spot at the base of each). D. C. prod. 1. p. 271. Calyx 5-sepalled, 2 outer sepals narrow, 3 inner ones striated. Petals yellow, with a dark spot at the base of each. Style straight and erect, twice the length of the ovary, almost equal in length to the stamens. Stigma small, somewhat 3-lobed. Capsule smooth. Subshrubs or herbs. Leaves on footstalks, feather-nerved, narrow, without stipulas. Flowers terminal, solitary, or racemose. Racemes few-flowered ; pedi- cels secund, bracteate at their base ; bracteas small, awl-shaped. 37 H. LUNULA'TUM (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 816.) stem suffruticose, twisted, branched ; branchlets pubescent, filiform ; leaves flat, oblong, acuminated at the base, with the margins usually ciliated ; flowers solitary, or from 2-4 flowers in a sort of racemed umbel, terminal, on short pedicels, fj . H. Native of the Alps of Piedmont. Cistus lunulatus, All. auct. p. 30. t. 2. f. 3. Calyx when in flower reflexed. Petals yellow, almost entire or much crenulated, each marked with a copper-coloured moon-shaped spot towards the claw. Var. a; upper surface of leaves green, under surface whitish. Var, j3 ; leaves smaller, and hoary on both surfaces. ZtmM/rtte-marked-petalled Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. ^ foot. 38 H. PETIOLA'TUM (Thib. in Pers. ench. 2. p. 77.) stem twisted at the base ; branches generally dichotomous, ascendant, slender, leprously-tomentose, cinereous ; leaves oblong-linear, acute, drawn out at the base into the long footstalk, leprously- tomentose on both surfaces, under surface hoary, upper surface greenish-glaucous ; racemes small, few-flowered ; pedicels and calyx pubescent. (•)• H. Native of Spain. Petals, stamens, and pistil unknown. Long-stal/ced-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ foot. SECT. V. BRACHYPE'TALUM (from /3pax«e> brachys, short, and TTcraXoy, petalon, a petal ; because the petals are shorter than the sepals). D. C. prod. 1. p. 271. Calyx 5-sepalled, outer sepals minute, inner sepals 3-nerved, acuminated. Petals yellow, sometimes with a small dark spot at the base of each, usually shorter than the calyx. Stamens few, 10-20, surround- ing the ovary. Style straight, erect, thickened at the top. Stigma simple. Ovary triquetrous, with the angles usually pilose. Capsule triquetrous, rather shining. Seeds numerous, minute, pale, angular. Annual herbs, with stalked, stipulate, feather- nerved, somewhat denticulate, opposite leaves, floral ones alter- nate. Stipulas oblong-linear, upper ones longest. Peduncles VOL. i. — PART iv. 1 -flowered, short, solitary, rarely axillary, usually almost oppo- site the leaves or opposite the bracteas, somewhat erect, hori- zontal, or bent backwaids. * Peduncles erectish, shorter than the leaves. Inner sepals 3-nerved. 39 H. VILLOSUM (Thib. in Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) stem tomen- tose, hairy, somewhat cinereous ; leaves stalked, oblong-lan- ceolate, somewhat denticulated, villously tomentose on both surfaces, but much more so on the under surface, stipulate ; racemes long, secund, revolute at the top before flowering, axillary and terminal ; peduncles erect, villously-cinereous, gene- rally opposite the bracteas ; calyx oblong, acuminated, villous. O.H. Native of Spain. Cistus villosus, Thib. herb. Lag in litt. not of Lam. Cistus annuus, Lamb. herb. Bracteas sessile, ovate-oblong, sometimes sparingly toothed. Petals lanceolate, nar- row, for the most part denticulated, shorter than the sepals. Far. a ; stem very simple, erect. Var. $ ; stem branched at the base ; branches long, simple, ascendant. Kllous Sun- Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. $ foot. 40 H. NILO'TICUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) branches erect or ascendant, rather tomentose or villous, cinereous ; leaves on short footstalks, opposite, oblong-elliptical, tomentosely-villous, upper ones alternate, opposite the flowers, all stipulate ; peduncles erect, and are as well as the pointed calyx tomentosely-hairy. O- H. Native of Egypt, Barbary, Spain and South of France. Cistus Nil6ticus, Lin. mant. 246. Var. a, erectum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 272.) stem erect, simple, or branched ; branches ascendant ; peduncles and calyxes villously- hairy. Var. /3, majus (D. C. prod. 1. c.) stem erect, branched ; branches ascendant, and are as well as the leaves and peduncles rather tomentose. This variety has, from high cultivation, become larger in all its parts than the other varieties. Var. y, proeumbens (D. C. prod. 1. c.) stems procumbent, as- cendant, tomentosely-hairy, rather hoary ; leaves tomentose on both surfaces, but especially on the- under surface. Cistus ledi- folius, Gouan. fl. monsp. p. 264? Ger. gallo-prov. p. 392. no. 2. Perhaps a distinct species. Nilotic Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. J to 1 ft. 41 H. LEDIFOLIUM (Willd. enum. 571.) erect, puberulous ; leaves stalked, oblong-elliptic, opposite, somewhat denticulated, smoothish, stipulate ; peduncles erect, smoothish, shorter than the calyx ; calyx pointed, rather pubescent. O- H. Native of the south of France and Spain. In England on Brent downs, Somersetshire. . Sweet, cist. 41. Cistus ledifolius, Lin. spec. 742. Smith, engl. bot. t. 2414. Cistus annuus, folio ledi. Lob. icon. 2. p. 118. Very like H. Niloticum. Flowers pale- yellow. Petals distinct. Ledum-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. -J- to 1 foot. ^ * * Peduncles horizontal, longer than the leaves or bracteas. Flowers erect ; inner sepals 3-nerved. 42 H. INTERMEDIUM (Thib. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 272.) erect, branched ; branches slender, erect, or spreading, ascend- ant, somewhat cinereously-villous ; leaves stalked, obovate- oblong, bluntish, rather denticulated, veiny, tomentose, stipulate ; stipulas linear-oblong, upper ones scarcely twice the length of the footstalks ; peduncles and calyxes cinereously-villous, gene- rally opposite the leaves; calyx oblong. O- H. Native of Spain near Aranjuez. Cistus salicifolius, Cav. icon. no. 156. t. 144. Plant somewhat cinereous. Floral leaves or bracteas, alternate, linear-oblong, usually stalked, furnished with 1-2 sti- pulas, sometimes solitary, entire, or cut, generally shorter than the peduncles. Flowers slender. Rr 306 CISTINEJE. II. HELIANTHEMUM. Intermediate Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1759. PI. -| foot. 43 H. DENTICULA'TUM (Thib. in Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) branched, erect, or spreading ; branches erect or ascendant, tomentosely- pubescent, somewhat cinereous at the top ; leaves on short footstalks, obovate-oblong, acutish, somewhat denticulated, to- mentose, upper surface greenish, under surface hoary ; stipulas linear, upper ones one-half shorter than the leaves ; peduncles opposite the bracteas ; bracteas alternate, a little cut. Q.H. Native of the south of France. Cistus salicifolius, Gouan. herb, p. 34 ? Bracteas rather ovate, often cut, sessile, without stipulas. Calyxes hoary on the outside before expansion. Denticulated-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 ft. 44 H. SALICIFOLIUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) branched ; branches erect or ascendant, rather hairy ; leaves on short footstalks, obovate-oblong, acutish, denticulated, rather tomentose, greenish on the upper surface ; stipulas linear-oblong, upper ones one- half shorter than the leaves ; peduncles and calyxes hairy, gene- rally opposite the bracteas ; bracteas ovate, acuminated, sessile, entire. O-H. Native of Spain and Italy. Sweet, cist. t. 71. Cistus salicifolius, Lin. spec. 742. Cav. icon. 2. p. 35. t. 144. Smith, fl. graec. t. 499. H. annuum, etc. Seg. ver. 3. p. 297. t. 6. f. 3 ? Branches, peduncles, and calyxes beset with slender white hairs. Petals imbricate at the base. far. /3, latifblium (D. C. prod. 1. p. 273.) the whole plant is larger, leaves and bracteas tomentose, greenish. O-H. Native of the Levant. Willow-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl.Ju.July. Clt. 1759. PL £ ft. * Peduncles drooping before .the expansion of the floners, but erect when in flower, and retrqflexed after flowering. Inner sepals 4--nerved. 45 H. SANGUI'NEUM (Lag. in litt. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 273.) stem red, dwarf, clothed with clammy pubescence ; leaves stalked, opposite, ovate, blunt, roughish, lower ones without stipulas, blood-coloured on the under surface, upper ones stipulate ; stipulas oblong-linear, blunt, stalked, scarcely shorter than the leaves ; peduncles beset with, clammy hairs, axillary, and oppo- site the leaves ; fructiferous peduncles bent backwards. ©• H. Native of Spain near Chamartin. Cistus sanguineus, Lag. gen. et spec. nov. p. 17. varied, ann. 2. no. 19. p. 40. H. retrofrac- tum, Pers. ench. 2. p. 78. Cistus pusillus, herb. Lamb. Leaves all opposite. Peduncles always axillary or opposite the leaves. Inner sepals striated. Bloody-stemmed Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1826. PL £ to | foot. 46 H. .SGYPTI'ACUM (Mill. diet. no. 23.) stem pubescent, erect, or ascendant ; leaves on short footstalks, linear-oblong, opposite, narrow, with revolute margins, bluntish, cinereous beneath, opposite, upper ones alternate ; stipulas linear, awl- shaped ; peduncles filiform, pubescent ; calyxes ovate-oblong, inflated, inclosing the petals. Q. H. Native of Egypt, Bar- bary, and Spain. Cistus JEgyptiacus, Lin. spec. ?42. Jacq. obs. 3. p. 17. t. 68. Peduncles thickened, sometimes opposite to the short linear bracteas. Outer sepals narrow, short, inner ones with 4 ciliated nerves. Petals lanceolate, very short. Egyptian Sun-Rose. FL Ju. Jul. Clt. 1764. PL | foot. SECT. VI. ERIOCA'RPUM (from epiov, erion, wool, Kapiroe, karpos, a fruit; because the capsules are pilose). D. C. prod. 1. p. 273. Calyx of 5 sepals; sepals beset with silky hairs on the outside, or rather tomentose, shining on the in- side, the two outer ones minute, linear, the three inner ones ovate, furnished with 4-5-stripes. Petals a little longer than the calyx. Style erectish, bent at the base. Ovary pilose or villous. Capsule pilose. Seeds numerous, rufes- cent, small. Subshrubs with round branches, younger ones clothed with cinereous pubescence. Leaves opposite and alter- nate, bluntish, under surface cano-cinereous. Stipulas linear, shorter than the footstalks. Racemes secund, small, opposite the leaves ; flowers crowded, small, sessile, or larger on short pedicels. 47 H. LIPPII (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) stem erect, pubescent, whitish, somewhat bifid or rather dichotomous ; leaves opposite and alternate, on short footstalks, elliptic-lanceolate or linear- oblong, obtuse, rather scabrous, glaucescent, under surface ca- nescent ; stipulas narrow, erect, length of the footstalks ; racemes short ; flowers sessile, crowded, bracteate at the base ; bracteas very minute. Jj . F. Native of Egypt. Cistus Lippii, Lin. mant. 245. Vahl. symb. 1. p. 39. Sepals pubescent, inner ones obtuse, furnished with 4-5 ribs. Petals ovate, yellow, scarcely longer than the calyx. Stamens usually 10, shorter than the petals. Lipp's Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 foot. 48 H. SESSIIIFLO'RUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) erect, much branched ; branches pubescent ; leaves opposite and alternate, linear, clothed with very short cinereous tomentum, with revolute margins ; stipulas linear, small ; racemes short ; flowers sessile, furnished with minute bracteas. \i . F. Native of the North of Africa, on arid hills. Cistus sessiliflorus, Desf. fl. all. 1. p. 427. t. 106. Sepals pubescent, inner ones blunt. Petals yel- low, a little longer than the calyx. Sessile-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Sh. 1 to 2 feet. 49 H. RUFICO'MUM (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 589.) stem densely clothed with canescent starry fascicles of hairs ; leaves on short footstalks, lower ones elliptical, obtvise, flat, upper ones narrow, linear, stipulate, and all clothed with starry hairs beneath ; with the margins somewhat revolute ; flowers approximate, racemose ; calyx beset with brownish bristles. J? . F. Native of the North of Africa, in Libya. Flowers yellow. Cistus ruficomus, Viv. fl. lib. spec. p. 27. t. 14. f. 5. Brown-haired Sun-Rose. Shrub 1 foot. 50 H. LANUGINO'SUM (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 589-) branched ; clothed all over with soft canescent hairs ; leaves opposite, on short footstalks, elliptical, densely clothed with wool ; floral leaves sessile, lanceolate, alternate, stipulate ; flowers distant in a secund raceme, reflexed before expansion ; inner sepals ovate- lanceolate, 3-nerved, outer sepals linear-lanceolate, about equal in length to the inner ones ; petals about the length of the calyx. Tj . F. Native of the North of Africa, in Libya. Cistus lanu- ginosus, Viv. fl. lib. spec. p. 28. t. 14. f. 1. Flowers yellow. Woolly Sun-Rose. Shrub 1 foot. 51 H. ELLIPTICUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) stem branched, erect, cinereous ; leaves opposite, elliptical, clothed with whitish leprous-tomentum, obtuse, with revolute margins ; stipulas li- near, small ; racemes few-flowered ; flowers sessile, somewhat alternating with the bracteas. fj . F. Native of Barbary and Egypt. Sweet, cist. t. 108. Cistus ellipticus, Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 418. t. 107. H. Lippii, Delile, segyp. 93. Cistus stipularis a, Forsk. aegyp. p. 101. Sepals villously-tomentose, inner ones ovate, bluntish. Petals pale yellow, a little longer than the ca- lyx, imbricate. Upper leaves alternate. Elliptical-leaved Sun-Rose. FL Ju. Jul. Shrub f foot. 52 H. MICRA'NTHUM (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 588.) plant clothed with starry hairs ; leaves linear, obtuse, lower ones on short stalks, opposite, nearly all flat, upper ones alternate, with revo- lute margins, floral ones sessile, linear, acute ; stipulas linear- lanceolate, a little longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; flowers racemose, distant ; sepals large, 3-5-nerved, ovate, acute, longer than the petals ; petals elliptical, length of the stamens. Jj . F. Native of the North of Africa, in Libya. Cistus mi- cranthus, Viv. fl. lib. p. 28. t. 14. f. 4. Petals like those of H. Surrejanum, yellow. Small-flowered Sun-Rose. Shrub | foot. CISTINE^E. II. HELIANTHEMUM. 307 53 H. KAHIBICUM (Del. fl. »gyp. 93. t. 31. f. 2.) stem much branched, twisted at the base ; branches ascendant ; lower leaves opposite, the rest alternate, obovate, with revolute margins, hoary, stipulate, under surface nerved ; racemes secund ; flowers on short pedicels ; pedicels and calyxes villous ; sepals acute ; capsule oblong, villous. Tj . F. Native of Egypt. Cistus sti- pulatus ft, Forsk, segyp- 101. Petals approximate at the top. Cairo Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 foot. 54 H. CONFE'RTUM (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 274.) stem naked at the base, branched ; branches clothed with very short cinereous tomentum ; leaves lanceolate elliptical, bluntish, minutely tomentose on both surfaces, upper surface green, under surface caneseent ; stipulas linear, small ; racemes small, secund, opposite the leaves and terminal ; flowers crowded, almost ses- sile ; calyxes pilose ; inner sepals acute. 1? . F. Native of Teneriffe. Petals yellow. Crowded-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. ? Sh. 1 foot. 55 H. CANARIE'NSE (Willd. enum. 571.) stem procumbent ; branches rather tomentose, hoary ; leaves stalked, opposite and alternate, somewhat ovate-elliptic, obtuse, covered with very short glaucous tomentum on both surfaces, under surface hoary- cinereous ; stipulas awl-shaped, shorter than the footstalks ; ra- cemes terminal erect, furnished with minute bracteas ; flowers on short pedicels ; pedicels hoary-tomentose. Tj . F. Native of Grand Canary and Lancerotta Island, in arid places. Cistus Canariensis, Jacq. icon. 1. p. 97. misc. 2. p. 339. H. canes- cens, Mcench. Calyx glaucous ; inner sepals ovate, bluntish. Petals yellow. Canary-Island Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1790. Shrub trailing. 56 H. MUCRONAVTUM (Dunal. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 274.) stem erectish, spreading ; branches tomentosely-hairy, hoary ; leaves stalked ; ovate-elliptical, ventricose, mucronate, upper surface green and roughish from stellate hairs, under surface tomentose, hoary ; stipulas awl-shaped, pilose, shorter than the footstalks ; racemes generally terminal ; flowers on short pedi- cels ; pedicels tomentosely-hairy. T; • F- Native of Teneriffe. Calyx clothed with silky hairs; sepals broad-ovate, bluntish. Petals yellow. Mucronate-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Sh. 1 to 1 J foot. 57 H. DISTA'CHIUM (Roth, in arm. bot. 2. p. 34. under Cistus.} stem suffruticose, stipulate, erect ; leaves opposite, oval-oblong, hoary ; racemes terminal, leafy, 2-parted ; flowers opposite the leaves. Tj . F. Native of Portugal. Two-spiked Sun-Rose. Shrub 1 foot. SECT. VII. FUMA'NA (meaning unknown.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 274. Calyx twisted at the apex before expansion, 5-sepalled ; 2 outer sepals narrow, small, 3 inner ones ovate, acuminated, 4-5-veined, with scarious margins. Petals yellow, small, almost twice the length of the sepals. Stamens few. Style straight, rather longer than the stamens, when in flower oblique, after flowering erectish. Stigma capitate, fringed, somewhat 3-lobed. Capsule 3-valved, open, spreading ; seeds few, blackish or ru • fescent, angular. Stems suffruticose. Leaves linear, sessile or sub-sessile, narrow. Pedicels 1 -flowered, drooping before the expansion of the flower ; when in flower erect, but afterwards reflexed. * Leaves alternate, without stipulas^. 58 H. ERICOIDES (Dunal, ined. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 274.) stem erect ; leaves alternate, umbricate, semi-cylindrical, short, smoothish ; peduncles solitary, 1 -flowered, opposite the leaves or terminal, longer than the leaves ; capsules open, naked ? Jj . F. Cistus ericoides, Cav. icon. 2. p. 56. t. 172. Cistus caly- cinus, of many authors, not as is seen in Lin. mant. 565. Leaves with rather revolute margins. Var. a, glabrum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 174.) branches and pe- duncles glabrous. fj . F. Native of Spain. Var. ft, pubescens (D. C. 1. c.) summits of the branches pubescent as well as peduncles. Tj . F. Native of the King- dom of Naples. Heath-like Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt.? Sh. 1 to 14 foot. 59 H. FUMA'NA (Mill. diet. no. 6.) stem branched, twisted, rather diffuse, erectish ; lower branches procumbent ; leaves al- ternate, linear, with pilose, roughish, rather involute margins ; lower leaves short, crowded, upper ones scattered and longer ; peduncles solitary, 1 -flowered, rarely rameal, usually almost op- posite the leaves or terminal, longer than the leaves ; capsules open, naked, fj . F. Native of the south of France, Spain, Portugal, Switzerland, Gothland and Italy. Sweet, cist. t. 16. Cistus Fumana, Lin. spec. 740. Jacq. aust. t. 252. Cistus hu- milis, seu chamaecistus ericae folio, luteus erectior, Bauh. pin. 466. Magn. bot. 69. Pedicels and calyxes sparingly pilose. Var. a, majus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 275.) leaves larger. Cistus Fumana A. Desf. all. 1. p. 414. t. 105, exclusive of the synonym of Lin. and Barrel. Petals of all the varieties imbricate. Var. ft, minus (D. C. 1. c.) leaves somewhat filiform. Bar- rel, icon. 286. and 446. Var. y, virgatum (D. C. 1. c.) branches twiggy. H. fuma- noides, formerly in the Paris garden. Fumana Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1752. Shrub 1 foot. 60 H. PROCU'MBENS (Dun. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 275.) stem procumbent, branched ; branches elongated, younger ones hoary ; leaves alternate, linear, rather lax, with the margins pilose, as well as under surface ; pili strigose ; peduncles almost axillary, shorter than the leaves ; capsules open, bearing the seeds, fy . F. Native of the south of France, Italy, and Tauria. Sweet, Cist. t. 68. Barrel, icon. t. 445. Cistus humi- lis sive chamsecistus ericae folio humilior, Magn. bot. p. 69. Capsules larger. Nerves of calyx strigose. Petals imbricate. Procumbent heath-like Sun- Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt.? Shrub procumbent. * Leaves alternate, stipulate. 61 H. ARA'BICUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 80.) stem hairy, ascen- dant ; branches twiggy ; leaves alternate, linear-oblong, hairy, almost sessile ; peduncles solitary, 1 -flowered, almost opposite the leaves, rameal or terminal ; calyxes hairy. Tj . F. Native of Arabia, Italy, and Spain. Sweet, cist. t. 97. Cistus Arabi- cus, Lin. spec. 745. Smith, fl. grsec. t. 503. Cistus ferrugineus, Lam. diet. 2. p. 25. Cistus Savi, Bertol. H. viscidulum, Stev. Upper leaves largest. Stipulas ovate acuminated. Petals distinct. Arabian Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1826. Shrub \ foot. 62 H. UEViPES (Willd. enum. 570.) stem ascendant ; leaves stipulate, setaceous, glaucous, smoothish ; buds leafy, axillary ; stipulas long, filiform ; peduncles long, disposed in secund ra- cemes ; pedicels glabrous, and bracteate at the base ; calyxes hairy. tj . F. Native of the south of Provence, Spain, and Dalmatia, on rocks exposed to the sun. Sweet, cist. t. 24. Cistus laevipes, Lin. spec. 739. Jacq. hort. Schosnb. t. 158. Cav. icon. 2. p. 56. t. 173.— Ger. gallo-prov. p. 394. no. 6. t. 14. Var. a, peduncles pubescent. Var. ft, peduncles almost glabrous. (Smooi/i-peduncled Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1690. Shrub li foot. * Leaves opposite and alternate, furnished mith stipulas. 63 H. L.E VE (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) stem erectish, glabrous, branched ; branches erect ; leaves linear, sessile, glabrous, with R r 2 308 CISTINE^i. II. HELIANTHEMUM. revolute margins, keeled, opposite, upper ones alternate, stipu- late; stipulas long, awl-shaped; peduncles solitary, 1 -flowered, sub-terminal ; calyxes smooth. Jj . F. Native of Spain, on hills. Cistus lae vis, Cav. icon. 2. p. 35. t. 145. f. 1. exclusive of the synonym of Barrel. Smooth Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1826. Shrub 1 foot. 64 H. VI'RIDE (Tenor, prod. fl. neap. p. 31.) stem ascendant, glabrous ; leaves opposite, linear, with revolute margins, gla- brous, green, somewhat mucronate, stipulate ; stipulas awl- shaped, much smaller than the leaves ; peduncles racemose, beset with clammy villi, as well as the calyx. Tj . F. Native of Sicily. Leaves pale-green. Green-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825. Shrub 1 foot. 65 H. JUNIPERI'NUM (Lag. in litt. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 275.) stem ascendant, branched ; leaves linear-awl-shaped, ciliated, mucronate, flat, with rather revolute margins, opposite ; upper leaves alternate ; stipulas awl-shaped, upper ones longest ; pe- duncles racemose, and are, as well as the calyxes, clothed with clammy hairs, fj . F. Native of the south of France, Italy, and the kingdom of Tunis. Cistus lae vipes, Durand ! Gouan. fl. monsp. 263 ? Cistus Mauritanicus, Thib. ! ined. — Barrel, icon. t. 443. Bracteas solitary, linear. Juniper-like Sun- Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1 foot. 66 H. BARRELIK'RI (Tenor, prod. fl. neap. p. 31.) stem erect; branches villously pubescent ; leaves linear-oblong, narrowed at the base, pubescent, with revolute and ciliated margins, oppo- site ; upper leaves alternate ; stipulas linear-awl-shaped, mu- cronate, erect ; peduncles racemose, few-flowered, and are, as well as the calyxes, beset with clammy villi. Tj . F. Native of Italy and Spain. — Barrel, rar. icon. 416. — Sims, bot. mag. 2371. Barretter's Sun- Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 foot. 67 H. SY'RTICUM (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 593.) hairy ; branches spreading, clothed with appressed white hairs ; leaves almost sessile, opposite, flatfish, linear-elliptical, beset with scattered hairs, hoary underneath, with revolute margins ; upper leaves linear, and more acute ; stipulas leaf-like, but not above half the size of the leaves, but the upper ones are about equal in size to the leaves ; flowers disposed in a short secund raceme. Sepals 5, densely beset with bristles, inner ones roundish-ovate, 5- nerved, outer ones round and very short. Tj . F. Native of the North of Africa, in the Great Syrtis. Cistus Syrticus, Viv. fl. lib. p. 27. t. 14. f. 2. Flowers violet ? Syrtic Sun-Rose. Shrub 1 foot. 68 H. THYMIFOLIUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) stems procum- bent ; branches pubescent ; leaves almost linear, very short, pubescent, opposite, upper ones alternate ; stipulas mucronate, erect ; peduncles few-flowered, clothed with clammy villi. Tj . F. Native of Spain. Sweet, cist. t. 1 02. Cistus thymif olius, Lin. spec. 743. Smith, fl. grace, t. 500 — Barrel, icon. rar. t. 444. H. glutinosum, ft. fl. fr. 4. p. 821. Young leafy shoots in the axils of the leaves. Petals imbricate. Thyme-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1658. Shrub procumbent. 69 H. GLUTINOSUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) stem ascendant ; branches clothed with clammy hairs, somewhat cinereous ; leaves almost linear, with revolute margins, villous, clammy, somewhat cinereous, opposite, upper ones alternate ; lower stipulas minute, the rest long, loose ; peduncles and calyxes villous, clammy ; petals distinct. Tj . F. Native of the south of France, and Spain. Sweet, cist. t. 83. Cistus glutinosus, Lin. mant. 246. — Barrel, icon. rar. 512. t. 415 ? Cav. icon. 2. t. 145. f. 2. Pe- tals pale yellow, crenulated at the top. Clammy Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1790. Shrub 1 ft. SECT. VIII. PSEUDOCI'STUS (from 4/£w£»jc, pseudes, false, and Kiarof, cistos ; False Cistus.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 276. Calyx of 5 sepals, outer sepals narrow, minute, inner ones 4-veined. Petals yellow, small, scarcely twice the length of the sepals. Style twisted at the base, and bent inwards at the apex, usually shorter than the stamens, rarely longer. Stigma capitate, 3-lobed. Cap- sule small. Seeds few, rather rufescent. Perennial herbs, or subshrubs. Leaves stalked, feather-nerved, opposite, usually without stipulas, rarely with stipulas at the summits of branches. Flowers secund, racemose, or panicled. Pedicels bracteate at the base, recurved before flowering, when in flower erect, but afterwards reflexed. Bracteas sessile, linear-lanceolate. 70 H. MOLLE (Pers. ench. 2. p. 76.) suffruticose ; branches almost simple, pilose ; leaves roundish-ovate, obtuse, stalked, hairy-tomentose on both surfaces, soft ; racemes simple, and are, as well as calyxes, hairy-tomentose, cinereous. Tj . F. Native of Spain. Cistus mollis, Cav. icon. 3. p. 31. t. 262. f. 2. Brac- teas awl-shaped, minute, pilosely-tomentose, cinereous. Soft-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1817. Shrub 1 foot. 71 H. ORIGANIFOLIUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 76.) stem suffruti- cose, di-trichotomous ; leaves stalked, ovate, pilose on both sur- faces ; racemes short, terminal ; petals scarcely longer than the calyx, fj . F. Native of Spain. Cistus origanifdlius, Lam. diet. 2. p. 20. Cav. icon. 3. p. 31. t. 262. f. 1. Calyx oblong. Petals one-half smaller than those of H. molle. Marjoram-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1795. Shrub I foot. 72 H. DICHOTOMUM (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 276.) suffruticose ; branches dichotomous, smoothish ; leaves minute, ovate, acute, glabrous, with revolute margins, on short foot-stalks ; racemes slender, few-flowered. Fj . F. Native of Spain. Cis- tus dichotomus, Cav. icon. 3. p. 32. t. 263. f. 1. Flowers small, deep yellow, hardly the size of those of Spergula nodosa. Leaves small, having the appearance of those of Thymus piperella. Dichotomous-branched. Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1826. Shrub 1 foot, prostrate. 73 H. (ELA'NDICUM (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 817.) stem suffruticose, procumbent, branched ; leaves lanceolate-elliptical, bluntish, green on both surfaces, usually glabrous, sometimes ciliated, stalked, upper leaves sessile ; racemes simple, few-flowered ; calyx somewhat globose-ovate. Tj . H. Native of the Alps of Europe, especially the north of France, CEland, Switzerland, and Austria. Sweet, cist. t. 85. Cistus CElandicus, Lin. spec. 741. Chamaecistus, 2. Clus. hist. p. 73. icon. Bracteas minute, sessile, linear-oblong. Flowers few, approximate. Petals dis- tinct. CEland Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1816. Shrub trailing. 74 H. PULCHE'LLUM (Sweet, cist. t. 74.) stem suffruticose, procumbent, branched ; branches clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves roundish or ovate, obtuse, upper surface green, beset with hispid hairs, under surface clothed with hoary tomentum, with the margins a little revolute ; racemes simple ; calyxes pilose, hoary ; petals imbricate, fj . H. Native of Germany ? H. al- pestre, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 590. but not of others. Flowers yellow. Neat Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1820. Shrub pro- cumbent. 75 H. ALPE'STRE (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 276.) stem suffruticose, procumbent, branched ; branches pilosely- hairy ; leaves greenish on both surfaces, oblong-elliptical, rather glabrous, or with hairs in fascicles, stalked, upper leaves almost sessile ; pedicels and calyxes pilosely-hairy ; hairs cinereous. Jj . H. Native of Germany, Switzerland, Italy, France, on rocks. Cistus alpestris, Crantz. austr. p. 103. t. 6. f. 1. Wahl. CISTINE^E. II. HELIANTHEMUM. 309 helv. p. 103. Cistus CElandicus, Jacq. austr. t. 399. Petals twice the length of calyx, imbricate. Var. a, glabratum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 277.) leaves smoothish, oblong-elliptical, bluntish, with pilose footstalks. Var. /3, elongatum (D. C. prod. 1. c.) branches elongated ; leaves acute, pilose on both surfaces. Cistus Seguieri, Pourr. ined. Var. y, canescens (D. C. prod. 1. c.) younger leaves, peduncles, and calyxes pilose, cinereously-canescent. Cistus CElandicus, Gouan. fl. monsp. p. 263 ? Alp Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub procumbent. 76 H. PENICILLA TUM (Thib. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 277.) suffruticose ; branches procumbent, long, hispid ; leaves green, with the nerves on both surfaces hispid, as well as the 'margins, lower leaves stalked, ovate, smaller, upper ones linear-oblong, almost sessile ; racemes simple, and are as well as the calyxes his- pid ; flowers minute. ^ • H. Native of Spain, as well as the south of France. Cistus echioides, Lam. diet. 2. p. 21 ? Cistus A'nglicus, Lin. mant. 245 ? Plant with the habit of Myosbtis Ldppula. Pencilled-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1826. Shrub trailing. 77 H. OBOVA TUM (Dunal, ined. and D. C: prod. 1. p. 277.) suffruticose ; branches spreading, somewhat dichotomous, clothed with cinereous tomentum towards the apex ; leaves obovate or ob- long, obtuse, green on both surfaces, ciliated, pilosely-strigose, lower leaves minute ; racemes simple, 3-flowered ; bracteas green ; calyxes pilose, cinereous. T; . F. Native of Spain near Aranjuez. Cistus Italicus, Lin. spec. 740. exclusive of the synonyms. Leaves ending in the short footstalks. Obovate-lezved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. Shrub ^ to 1 foot. 78 H. ITA'LICUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 76.) suffruticose ; branches simple, erect, long, pilosely-tomentose ; leaves pilosely-hispid ; hairs strigose, appressed, lower leaves ovate, smaller, upper ones lanceolate, oblong or oblong-linear ; racemes simple, and are as well as calyxes pilosely-hispid, canescent. 1j . H. Native of the Mediterranean in dry regions. Cistus Italicus, Lin. spec. 740. Cistus marifolius, Bieb. fl. taur. cauc. 2. p. 8. — Barrel, icon. rar. 510. t. 366. Var. a, strigosum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 277.) leaves greenish on both surfaces, strigosely-pilose ; peduncles and calyxes pilosely- tomentose, hoary. H. strigosum, Fisch. in litt. Var. ft, candidissimum (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves, peduncles, and calyxes clothed with white tomentum. Var. y, albidum (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves whitish-tomentose on the under surface. Italian Sun-Rose. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1799. Shrub | to 1 ft. 79 H. VINEA'LE (Pers. ench. 2. p. 77.) suffruticose, procum- bent ; branches ascendant, pilosely-tomentose, canescent ; leaves ovate-oblong, upper surface green, strigosely-pilose, under sur- face tomentose, hoary ; racemes simple, few-flowered, and are as well as the calyxes pilosely-tomentose, canescent. Tj . H. Na- tive of the south of Germany, Switzerland, France, and Spain. Sweet, cist. t. 77. Cistus vinealis, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1195. Perhaps a variety of H. canum. Petals distinct. Vineyard Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1817. Trailing shrub. 80 H. CA'NUM (Dunal, ined. -D. C. prod. 1 . p. 277.) stem suffruticose, procumbent, branched, ascendant, pilosely-tomen- tose, hoary ; leaves obovate, ovate, ovate-oblong or elliptical, pilose, upper surface green, under surface somewhat tomentose, hoary ; racemes simple ; pedicels and calyxes pilose, canescent ; petals distinct, fj . F. Native of the south of France and Ger- many. Sweet, cist. 56. Cistus canus, Lin. spec. 740. Jacq. aus. t. 277. All. pedm. no. 1664. t. 45. Chamaecistus 3, Clus. hist. p. 74. Leaves variable, on the margin and middle nerve, on the under surface, as well as every where over the upper surface' covered with strigose pili. Ovary triquetrous, with marginate pilose angles. Perhaps Cistus marifolius, Smith, eng. bot. 396. Hoary Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1772. Shrub pro- cumbent. 81 H. MARIFOLIUM (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 817.) suffruticose, pro- cumbent ; leaves without stipulas, stalked, ovate-cordate or ovate, acutish, upper surface green, pilose, under surface hoary ; racemes solitary, simple, few-flowered, terminal. Tj . H. Na- tive of Italy, Spain, and south of France. Cistus marifblius, Lin. spec. 741. but not of Bieb. fl. taur. cauc. — Barrel, icon. rar. 521. t. 441. Calyxes ovate-oblong. Marum-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Shrub trailing 2 foot. 82 H. SE'KR^: (Cambess. in mem. mus. 14. p. 216. t. 11.) stem humble, erect, suffruticose, branched ; leaves opposite, without stipulas, on short footstalks, somewhat cordate-ovate, fleshy, glaucous ; flowers in racemose-corymbs ; ovary 3-celled ; style jointed at the base ; stigma thickened. T^ . F. Native of the larger islands between Palma and a place called Prat in the sand by the sea-side. Leaves glabrous, rather hairy on the margins. Flowers yellow. Serra's Sun-Rose. Fl. March, April. Shrub 4 foot. 83 H. ROBE'LLUM (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 591.) leaves ovate-rpundish or oblong, acute, upper surface dark-red and smooth, under surface hoary, tomentose ; flowers racemose, pen- dulous ; calyx hairy. Tj . F. Native of Sicily. Red-leaved Sun-Rose. Shrub -^ foot. 84 H. ROTUHDIFOLIUM (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 277.) stem suffruticose, branched at the base ; branches simple, tomentose, hoary, for the most part decumbent at the base ; leaves on short footstalks, upper surface greenish-glaucous, un- der surface clothed with white tomentum, lower leaves almost round, the rest ovate, uppermost ones stipulate ; stipulas small, oblong, deciduous ; racemes solitary in twos or threes, somewhat panicled, crowded, terminal ; calyxes hairy. T? . F. Native of Spain and Barbary. Cistus nummularius, Cav. icon. 2. p. 34. t. 142. Desf. atl. 1. p. 423. exclusive of the synonyms of Lin- naeus and Magnol. Round-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Shrub decumbent. 85 H. CRASSIFOLIUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 77.) stem suffruticose, erect, rather glabrous ; leaves somewhat fleshy, on short foot- stalks ; lower leaves ovate, acute, without stipulas, upper ones oblong-linear, stipulate ; racemes short, rather umbellate ; calyxes pilose at the base. Jj. F. Native of Barbary and Spain. Cistus glaucus, Desf. atl. 1. p. 418. but not of Cav. H. Setxe, Lag. in litt. on account of the plant being called Setxe in the kingdom of Valentia in Spain. Leaves rather pilose on the upper surface at the margins, as well as on the under surface on the middle nerve. Footstalks with a few long white hairs. Thick-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1818. Shrub 1 ft. 86 H. PANICULA'TUM (Dunal, ined. and D.C. prod. 1. p. 278.) suffruticose, procumbent ; branches ascendant and erect, flori- ferous branches long, upper part stipulate ; leaves stalked, ovate, bluntish, rarely roundish, upper surface green, under surface hoary ; racemes opposite and tern, panicled. J? . F. Native of Spain and Sicily on mountains. Cistus marifolius herb. Thib. Cistus nummularius var. Lag. in litt. H. sp. nova Schouw. in litt. Stipulas minute, linear, acute. Flowers small. Panicled- flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1826. Shrub procumbent. 87 H. POLYA'NTHOS (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) stem suffruticose, erect, hairy ; leaves stalked, lower ones ovate, obtuse, smaller, under surface hoary, tomentose, stem ones ovate-oblong or lan- ceolate, greenish on both surfaces, with ciliated margins, stipu- late ; stipulas longer than the footstalks ; racemes hairy, pani- 310 CISTINE.E. II. HEUANTHEMUM. cled ; pedicels filiform, and are as well as calyxes hairy. Jj . F. Native of the North of Africa. Cistus polyanthos, Desf. fl. all. 1. p. 420. t. 108. Many-jknvered Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Shrub 1 foot. 88 H. CINE'REUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 76.) stem suffruticose, erect, branched ; branches opposite, hoary ; leaves ovate, acute, tapering into the footstalk, densely-tomentose, and cinereously- hoary, without stipulas ; upper leaves stipulate ; racemes pani- cled, axillary opposite, or terminal in threes ; calyxes hispid. Ij . F. Native of Spain. Cistus cinereus, Cav. icon. 2. p. 33. t. 141. Flowers small. Petals entire. Var. ft, Lagascanum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 278.) stems slender; calyxes less hairy than in var. a. Lag. in litt. Grey-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Sh. 1 foot. 89 H. PILOSELLOI DBS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 284.) suffruticose, without stipulas ; leaves elongately-elliptic, obtuse on long footstalks, upper surface green, under surface hoary-tomentose, both sides hairy; flowers in panicles. >j . H. Native of the Pyrenees on rocks exposed to the sun. Cistus piloselloides, Lapeyr. abr. 301. Flowers yellow. Pilosclla-like Sun-Rose. Shrub. 90 H. sauAMMA'iuM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) stem suffruticose ; branches long, erect, rather woody, silvery, leprous ; leaves stalked, oblong, obtuse, leprously-silvery, stipulate ; stipulas small, sessile, acute, marcescent ; racemes axillary, solitary, and in threes terminal ; pedicels approximate, secund, bracteate at the base ; bracteas marcescent ; calyxes leprous. Jj . F. Native of Spain and Barbary. Cistus squammatus, Lin. spec. 743. Cav. icon. 2. t. 139. Desf. fl.atl. 1. p. 416. — Barrel, icon. rar. t. 328. bad. Branches 4-angled at the base. Plant covered with leprous round scales, which are depressed in the centre. Style twkted at the base, bent, longer than the stamens. Leafy branch- es axillary. Scaly Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1815. Shrub | foot. SECT. IX. EUHELIA'NTHEMUM (from ive, eus, genuine, »)Xtoc, helios, the sun, and ai>$os, anthos, a flower ; that is to say, genuine species of Sun-Rose.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 278. Calyx of 5 sepals, rather twisted at the top, before expansion ; outer sepals usually spreading, much smaller than the inner ones, which are usually 2 or 4 ribbed, furrowed, with scarious margins, with the inner surface shining,, and with the angles generally pilose. Petals 2, 3, or 4 times longer than the calyx. Stamens numerous. Style bent at the base, but somewhat club-shaped at the apex. Stig- ma simple. Capsule covered by the calyx, 3-valved, 1 -celled, opening at the apex. Seeds few, convex on the outside, and angular on the inside. Subshrubs, with the stems branched from the base ; branches numerous, erect or procumbent, but generally ascendant. Leaves opposite, on short footstalks, lower ones smallest, usually with revolute margins, stipulate ; stipulas linear-lanceolate. Racemes terminal, secund, simple, curved backwards before flowering, after flowering erect, elongated. Pedicels laterally bracteate at the base, drooping before flowering, when in flower erect, after flowering recurved or reflexed. • * Petals yellow. 91 H. LAVANDULSIFOLIOM (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 820.) stem suf- fruticose, erect, branched; branches long, terete, canescent; leaves oblong-linear, with revolute margins, under surface tomen- tose, hoary, younger leaves canescent on both surfaces ; stipulas and bracteas linear, acute, ciliated ; racemes 1-3 terminal ; flow- ers crowded ; calyxes glaucous ; sepals ciliated, outer ones mi- nute, these become reflexed after flowering, inner sepals 2- nerved, oblique, acute, tj . H. Native of the south of France, Barbary, Spain, and Syria, in dry places. Cistus lavandulaefblius, Lam. diet. 2. p. 25. — Barrel, icon. t. 288. Furnished with ax- illary leafy branches. Var. /3, Syrlacum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 279.) leaves rather flat, upper surface greenish-grey. Cistus Syriacus, Jacq. icon. rar. t. 96. / ~ar. y, Thibaudi (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) racemes long, erect. Cistus racemosus. Cav. icon. 2. p. 33. t. 140. Perhaps the same plant after flowering. Lavender-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1739. Shrub 1 foot. 92 H. BROUSSONETII (Dunal, ined. etD. C. prod. 1. p. 279.) stem shrubby, branched ; branches opposite ; leaves flat, on short footstalks, oblong-lanceolate, bluntish, tomentose on both surfaces, under surface hoary, upper surface greenish-grey; stipulas and bracteas caducous, linear, rather tomentose ; racemes short, branched ; flowers secund ; calyxes oblong, acute ; inner sepals 4-nerved, rather tomentose, yellowish. Tj. F. Native of the island of Teneriffe. Style twice the length of stamens, al- most erect. Stipulas somewhat falcate. Broussonet's Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Shrub 1 foot. 93 H. STCECHADIFOLIUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) stem erect ; branches hoary, tomentose ; leaves oblong-linear, bluntish, some- what tomentose on both surfaces, under surface hoary, upper surface greenish-grey, with revolute margins ; stipulas rather villous, linear-lanceolate ; racemes revolute before flowering ; flowers crowded ; calyxes villous ; outer sepals ciliated, green, inner ones acuminated, hoary. Tj . H. Native of Spain and Corsica. Sweet, cist. icon. ind. Cistus stoechadifolius, Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 270. French-Lavender-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1816 Sh. 1 ft. 94 H. CROCECM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) stem shrubby, some- what procumbent, branched ; branches simple, erect, hoary, tomentose ; leaves rather tomentose, under surface canescent, upper surface glaucous, with revolute margins ; lower leaves almost round, middle ones elliptic, obtuse, upper ones lanceolate, acutish ; stipulas and bracteas erect, linear-oblong, villous, rather greenish ; calyxes yellowish-glaucous, minutely pubescent. Tj . H. Native of Spain and Barbary. Sweet, cist. t. 53. Cistus croceus, Desf. fl. all. 1. p. 422. t. 110. Lower stipulas minute. Petals yellow, very much imbricated. Var. a, stipulas longer than the footstalks of the leaves. Var. j(3, stipulas setaceous, shorter than the footstalks of the leaves. Var. y, branches procumbent ; leaves smaller ; racemes few- flowered. (S'a^ron-coloured-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Shrub procumbent. 95 H. ANDERSONI (Sweet, cist. t. 89.) stem suffruticose, pro- cumbent, branched ; branches ascending, canescently tomentose ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acutish, rather tomentose, grey above, and canescent beneath, witli the margins a little revolute ; stipulas linear, awl-shaped, ciliated, a little longer than the petioles ; calyx tomentose ; petals imbricate. J?. H. Flowers yellow. This is a hybrid from H. crbceum, fertilized by the pollen of //. pulverulentum. Anderson's San-Rose. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1827. Sh. ascendant. 96 H. NUDICAU'LE (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 279.) stem shrubby, branched ; branches smooth at bottom, but hoary- villous at the top ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, with revolute mar- gins, tomentose on both surfaces, under surface hoary, upper surface yellowish-green ; stipulas linear, longer than the petioles ; calyxes profoundly silicate, hardly pubescent, with elevated pilose nerves, ^ . H. Native of Spain, on mountains in the kingdom of Valentia. Petals yellow. Perhaps a variety of H. croceum ? Naked-stemmed Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. Shrub procumbent. CISTINE^E. II. HELIANTHEMUM. 311 97 H. GLAU'CUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) stem suffruticose, branched ; branches ascendant, hoary-tomentose, hispid at the top ; leaves ciliated on their margins, scarcely revolute, tomen- tose on both surfaces, under surface hoary, upper surface green- ish-glaucous ; lower leaves round, the rest elliptic, or lanceolate- oblong ; stipulas and bracteas pubescent, green ; pedicels and calyxes beset with white hairs. Tj . H. Native of Spain and Italy. Sweet, cist. t. 111. Cistus glaucus, Cav. icon. 3. p. 31. t. 261. but not of Desf. Petals sulphur-coloured. Var. a, acutiusculum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 279.) upper leaves oblong, rather acuminated, upper surface glaucescent ; calyxes clothed with soft hairs. Var. ft, obtusiusculum, upper leaves oblong-elliptical, bluntish, upper surface roughish, green ; calyxes somewhat hispid. Glaucous Sun- Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1815. Shrub 1 foot. 98 H. TOMENTO'SUM (Dunal, ined. and B.C. prod. 1. p. 279.) stem suffruticose, branched ; branches elongated, ascendant, somewhat canescent ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, usually with re- volute margins, under surface hoary-tomentose, upper surface smoothish, green ; calyxes furrowed, with elevated pilose nerves. >j . H. Native of Spain and France : in Britain, on the moun- tains of Scotland. Smith, eng. bot. 2208. — Scop. earn. t. 24 ? Pedicels hoary, pilosely-tomentose. Bracteas smooth. Calyx violaceous. Petals yellow, imbricate. Stipulas a little fringed. Tomentose Sun-Rose. Fl. July. Scotland. Shrub trailing. 99 H. BARBA'TUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79. Sweet, cist. t. 73.) stem suffruticose, erect, much branched ; branches clothed with fascicled hairs ; leaves hairy, green on both surfaces ; lower ones roundish-ovate, upper ones elliptical ; stipulas oblong, cili- ated, hairy, longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; racemes long, hairy, bearded, many-flowered ; calyxes warted, hairy ; petals crenulated, imbricate at the base. T? . H. Native of the south of Europe. Cistus barbatus, Lam. diet. 2. p. 24. Petals yellow. Bearded-racemed Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 foot. 100 H. LEPTOPHY'LLUM (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 279.) stem suffruticose, woody, rather procumbent, branched ; branches ascendant, rather tomentose, greyish ; leaves narrow, oblong-linear, tapering into the short footstalks, with revolute margins, under surface covered with short cinereous tomentum, upper surface smoothish, green ; stipulas awl-shaped, pilose, scarcely longer than the footstalks ; racemes long ; calyxes co- vered with long hairs. Tj . H. Native of Spain. Sweet, cist, t. 20. Cistus angustifdlius, Lag. in litt. but not of Jacq. Cistus stcechadifolius, Hortul. Calyxes furrowed. Petals yellow, imbricate. Bracteas minute. Racemes loose. Slender-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub procumbent. 101 H. ACUMINA'TUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) branches erect, pilose at the base and the apex, middle naked ; leaves on long footstalks, oblong, with revolute margins, green on both surfaces, pilose, under surface rather tomentose ; stipulas smoothish, linear, longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; racemes rather hairy, few-flowered, loose ; calyxes smooth, shining, transparent. Tj . H. Native of the fields about Nice. Cistus serpyllifolius, Balb. ined. Cistus acuminatus, Viv. fragmi 13. t. 14. f. 1. is truly distinct from this plant, and is evidently a variety of H. guttatum, or an allied species. Acuminate Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 foot. 102 H. SERPYLLIFO'LIUM (Mill. diet. no. 8.) stem suffruticose ; branches ascendant, glabrous at the base and pilose at the apex ; leaves oblong-elliptical, with rather revolute margins, under- surface hoary-tomentose, upper surface intensely green, shining, at first rather pilose, afterwards almost smooth ; stipulas and bracteas green, ciliated ; calyxes canescent, with inconspicuous down, and with the nerves sparingly pilose. Tj . H. Native of the alps of Styria and Austria, as well as on the mountains of Spain. Sweet, cist. t. 60. Cistus serpyllifolius, Lin. spec. 743. As in the preceding and following plants, the lower leaves are smaller, orbicular, and ovate. Petals distinct. Wild-thyme-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. J731. Shrub procumbent. 103 H. VULGA'RE (Gsert. fruct. 1. p. 371. t. 76.) stem suffru- ticose, procumbent, branched ; branches elongated ; leaves scarcely revolute at the margins, under surface cinereously- hoary, upper surface gre'en, pilose, somewhat ciliated ; lower leaves somewhat orbicular, middle ones ovate-elliptical, upper ones oblong ; stipulas oblong-linear, ciliated, longer than the foot- stalks of the leaves ; racemes loose ; pedicels and calyxes pilose. ?2 . H. Native of dry and hilly pastures throughout Europe ; common in Britain. Cistus Helianthemum, Lin. spec. 1. p. 744. Fl. dan. t. 101. Smith, engl. bot. 1321. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 5. t. 36. Petals yellow, entire, with a fulvous base, imbricate. Var. a. i branches rather tomentose, pubescent ; stipulas hardly longer than the footstalks of the leaves. Var. ft; branches glabrous at the base, pubescent at the top ; stipulas 2 or 3 times longer than the footstalks of the leaves. Var. y,Jlore -plena ; flowers double. Sweet, cist. t. 64. Common Sun-Rose. Fl. May, September. Britain. Shrub trailing. 104 H. SURREJA'NUM (Mill. diet. no. 15.) stem suffruti- cose, procumbent ; leaves ovate-oblong, rather pilose ; racemes many-flowered, terminal; petals narrow lanceolate, jagged. J? . H. Native of England in the county of Surrey, near Croydon. Sweet, cist. t. 28. Cistus Surrejanus, Lin. spec. 743. Smith, engl. bot. 2207.— Dill. elth. 177. t. 145. f. 174. Stipulas linear-lan- ceolate, length of petioles. Calyxes pilose. Petals distinct. Surrey Sun-Rose. Fl. July, Oct. England. Shrub £ foot. 105 H. OVA'TUM (Dunal. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 280.) stem suffruticose, procumbent, much branched ; branches villous, leaves elliptic-lanceolate, tapering into the footstalks, bluntish, silky-villous on both surfaces, ciliated ; stipulas somewhat longer than the footstalks of the leaves villously-ciliated ; peduncles 1- 3-flowered, terminal ; calyxes rather villous. Jj . H. Native on the mountains between Viterbo and Ronciglione, and in the Alps about Genoa. Cistus ovatus, Viv. frag. 1. p. 6. t. 8. f. 2. Hairs white, silky. Owaie-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub procumbent. 106 H. GRANDIFL&RUM (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 821.) stem suffru- ticose, ascendant ; branches hairy ; upper leaves flattish, oblong, rather pilose, upper surface green, under surface sometimes pale- cinereous ; stipulas ciliated, rather longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; flowers large ; calyxes rather hairy. Jj . H. Native of the Pyrenees. Sweet, cist. t. 69. Cistus grandiflorus, Scop. earn, ed.' 2. no. 648. t. 25. Differing from H. vulgare, in being larger in all its parts. Peduncles and calyxes covered with spreading hairs. Flowers cream-coloured Petals imbricate. Large-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1800. Sh.|ft. 1 07 H. OBSCU'RUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) stem suffruticose, ascendant, much branched; branches hairy ; leaves elliptical, hairy on both surfaces, greenish, upper ones elliptic ; stipulas ciliated, longer than the footstalks ; racemes long ; calyxes hairy. \ . H. Native of Europe in woods. H. obscurum a, D. C. fl. fr. 6. p. 624. The lower leaves are roundish and ovate, as well as in the preceding and following species. Obscure Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub ascendant |- to 1 foot. 312 CISTINE.&. II. HELIANTHEMUM. 108 H. TAU'RICUM (Fisch. mss. Sweet, cist. t. 105.) stem suffruticose, much branched, procumbent, branches procumbent, beset with long hairs ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, with rather revolute margins, pilose on both surfaces, green above and paler beneath ; stipulas lanceolate-linear, ciliated, longer than the petiole ; flowers large ; calyx shining, rather hairy ; petals im- bricate. Jj . H. Native of Tauria. Petals pale-yellow. Taurian Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1820. Shrub pro- cumbent. 109 H. LU'CIDUM (Horn. cat. hort. hafn. 498.) stem suffruti- cose, procumbent ; leaves stipulate, ovate, green, glossy, with revolute margins. Jj . H. Native of ? Flowers yellow. Shining-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1826. Shrub procumbent. 110 H. NUMMULA'RIUM (Mill. diet. no. 11.) stem suffruticose; branches procumbent, hairy ; lower leaves orbicular, upper ones oblong-linear, hairy, under surface greenish-cinereous ; stipulas linear-oblong, twice the length of the footstalks of the leaves ; racemes and calyxes hairy. Tj . H. Native of the south of France and in Italy. Sweet, cist. t. 80. Cistus nummularius a, Lin. spec. 743. not of Desf. and Cav. H. obscuruni ft, num- mularium, D. C. fl. fr. 6. p. 624. H. angustifolium of many botanic gardens. Petals slightly imbricate. Money-ivort-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1752. Shrub procumbent. 111 H. ANOusTipbuuM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) stem suffruti- cose, diffuse ; branches rather tomentose, cinereous ; leaves on short footstalks, upper ones linear-oblong, with revolute margins, acutish, under surface clothed with canescent tomentum, upper surface rather hispid ; stipulas pilose, longer than the footstalks ; racemes loose ; calyxes pubescent, rather hairy ; hairs deciduous. Tj . H. Native of — ? Probably the same as the preceding species. Cistus angustifolius, Jacq. vind. 3. t. 53. Petals nar- row at the base, rather unguiculate, distinct from each other. Narrow-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1ft. 112 H. OBTUSIFOLIUM (Dunal. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 281.) stem suffruticose, branched; branches tomentose, hoary ; leaves small, stalked, linear-oblong, obtuse, with revolute mar- gins, under surface hoary-tomentose, upper surface green and beset with long scattered white hairs ; stipulas green, oblong- linear, flat, obtuse, scarcely ciliated, length of footstalks ; calyxes hispid. l;.H. Native of the island of Cyprus. Cistus ciliatus, Cas. Rostung in litt. not of Desf. Petals yellow. Blunt-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Shrub 1 foot. 113 H. HI'RTUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) stem suffruticose, branched ; branches ascendant, numerous, tomentosely-hairy, cinereous ; leaves ovate or oblong, with revolute margins, under surface canescent, upper surface greenish-cinereous ; stipulas narrow, rather longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; calyxes densely covered with white hairs ; petals obcordate, imbricate. Tj . F. Native of Spain and south of France. Sweet, cist. t. 109. Cistus hirtus, Lin. spec. 744. Smith, fl. greec. t. 501. ex- clusive of synonym of Barrelleir, Cav. icon. 2. p. 37. t. 146. Calyxes small. Flowers large, deep yellow. Far. a, Bafticum (D.C. prod. l.p. 281.) leaves ovate-oblong, upper surface green. H. Bae'ticum, Hort. madr. Far. ft, aureum (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves linear-oblong, with revolute margins, canescent on both surfaces. H. aureum, Thib. ined. Pers. ench. 2. p. 78. Var. y, teretifolium (D. C. prod. 1. c.) branches hoary-tomen- tose ; leaves revolute on the under surface, almost • terete, tliickish, obtuse, hoary. Cistus aureum ft teretifolium, Pers. ench. 2. p. 78. Hairy Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1759. Shrub 1 foot. 114 H. LAGA'SCJE (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 281.) branches ascendant, tomentosely-hairy, hoary ; leaves linear, obtuse, with very revolute margins, almost terete, rather hairy, greenish ; stipulas flat, scarcely pilose, twice the length of the footstalks of the leaves ; pedicels hispid, whitish ; calyxes shining, furrowed ; nerves ciliated with white hairs. Jj . F. Native of Spain. H. hirtum var. ? Lag. in litt. Calyxes small. Leaves short. Lagasca's Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1826. Sh. f to 1 ft. * Petals white, rose-coloured, red, pale-sulphur coloured, or variegated with these colours. 115 H. VIOLA' CEUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) stem erect or ascendant, much branched ; branches opposite ; branchlets slen- der, tomentosely-hairy, hoary ; leaves small, almost Linear, obtuse, with revolute margins, somewhat tomentose on both sur- faces, under surface canescent ; stipulas minute, pilose, racemes few-flowered, loose ; calyxes smooth, violaceous, nervedly fur- rowed. Jj . F. Native of Spain. Cistus violaceus, Cav. icon. 2. p. 38. t. 147. Petals white. Viola.ceous-ca\yxed Sun-Rose. Fl.Ju. July. Clt. 1826. Shrub •| to 1 foot. , 116 H. RACEMOSUM (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 281.) stem shrubby, branched ; branches erect, terete, hoary-tomen- tose ; leaves on short footstalks, narrow-linear or linear-lanceo- late, with revolute margins, under surface hoary, upper surface greenish, shining ; stipulas awl-shaped, longer than the foot- stalks of the leaves ; pedicels hoary ; calyxes nervosely-fur- rowed, brownish-violet. Tj . F. Native of Spain, Barbary, Teneriffe. Sweet, cist. t. 82. Cistus racemosus, Lin. mant. 76? Lam. diet. 2. p. 25. Vahl. symb. 1. p. 39. Willd. spec. 2. p. 1208. exclusive of synonyms of Cav. and Barrel. Petals white, yellow at the base, imbricate. ftacemose-fiovtered Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Shrub 1 foot. 117 H. FARINOSUM (Sweet, cist. p. 18.) stem shrubby, erect, branched, tomentosely-hoary ; leaves on short footstalks, linear or lanceolate-linear, with revolute margins, hoary, and powdered on both surfaces ; stipulas awl-shaped, longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; calyx powdery, as well as beset with very short hairs. Jj. F. Native of Spain. H. racemosum /3, farinosum, D. C. prod. 1. p. 281. Flowers white. Mealy Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Shrub 1 foot. 118 H. STRI'CTUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) stem suffruticose, erect, branched ; branches straight, hoary-tomentose ; leaves almost sessile, very narrow, linear-awl-shaped, with revolute margins, canescent ; stipulas linear, setaceous ; calyxes pilose, ner- vously-striated, yellowish, smoothish. Tj.F. Native of Spain. Cistus strictus, Cav. icon. 3. p. 3?. t. 263. f. 2. Petals white. Straight-branched Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub J to 1 foot. 119 H. MLOSUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) stem suffruticose, branched ; branches erectish ; leaves linear or linear-oblong, hoary on both surfaces, and bristly at the apex ; stipulas awl- shaped ; calyxes rather pilose, nervously-striated. Jj . F. Na- tive of Spain and the south of France. Sweet, cist. t. 49. Cistus pifosus, Lin. spec. 744. a. ? Chamsecistus 4. Clus. hist. 1. p. 74. Petals white. Var. a ; leaves linear, hoary ; calyxes pilose, some what glaucous. Var. ft ; leaves linear-oblong ; calyxes shining, smoothish, acutish, with hairy nerves. Pilose Sun- Rose. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1731. Shrub IJ foot. 120 H. LINEA'RE (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) stem suffruticose ; branches elongated, ascendant, rather hoary, tomentose ; leaves linear, greenish-hoary, with revolute margins ; stipulas linear- awl-shaped ; racemes loose, twiggy, few-flowered ; calyxes striated, glabrous, with the nerves somewhat violaceous ; sepals acute. Jj . F. Native of Spain and the south of France. Sweet, cist. 48. Cistus linearis, Cav. icon. 3. p. 8. t. 216. CISTINE^E. II. HELIANTHEMUM. 313 Cistus pilosus, D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 823 ? Calyx larger than in the preceding species. Petals white. Var. (3 ; angles or nerves of calyx pilose. Linear-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1 ft. 121 H. VIRGA'TUM (Pers. ench. p. 79.) stem suffruticose, with twiggy, hoary, ascending or erect branches ; leaves linear, hoary on the under surface, with revolute margins ; stipulas linear-awl-shaped ; calyxes hoary, powdery, pubescent. tj • H. Var. a, albiflbrum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 282.) leaves green on the upper surface ; petals white. Jj • H. Native of Barbary. Cistus virgatus, Desf. all. 1. p. 432. Var. j3, roseum (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves canescent on both surfaces ; petals rose-coloured, imbricate. J? . H. Native of ? Sweet, cist. t. 79. Twiggy Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1818. Sh. | foot. 122 H. APENNI'NUM (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 824.) stem suffruticose, branched ; branches spreading, hoary-tomentose ; leaves stalked, oblong-linear, with the margins scarcely revolute, under surface tomentose, upper surface glaucescent, but at length becoming smooth ; stipulas awl-shaped, longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; calyxes covered with very short villi, striated, cinereously- glaucous, bluntish. tj . H. Native of Spain, France, Italy, and Germany on dry hills in places exposed to the sun. Sweet, cist. t. 62. Cistus Apenninus, Lin. spec. 744. ? Dill. elth. 170. Cistus hispidus ft, Lam. diet. 2. p. 26. Petals white, distinct. Var. a. , leaves flatfish. Var. ft ; leaves linear, narrow. Cistus pilosus. Thib. herb. Gouan. fl. monsp. p. 265 ? Apennine Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1731. Sh. \ foot. 123 H. HI'SPIDUM (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 282.) stem suffruticose, branched ; branches ascending, hoary-tomen- tose ; leaves stalked, oblong, bluntish, somewhat mucronate, with revolute margins, under surface hoary, upper surface roughish, greenish-glaucous ; calyxes covered with long hairs. Tj . H. Native of the south of France. Cistus hispidus, Lam. 2. p. 26. Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 271. Cistus pilosus (3, Gouan. fl. monsp. p. 265. H. marjoranaefolium ft. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 625. Petals white, imbricate. Hispid Sun-Rose. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1816. Sh. J to 1 ft. 124 H. PULVERULE'NTUM (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 823.) stem suffru- ticose, much branched, prostrate ; branches hoary-tomentose ; leaves oblong-linear, with revolute margins, obtuse, under sur- face hoary, upper surface glaucous ; stipulas subulate, ciliated, longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; calyxes hoary, minutely tomentose-pubescent. Tj . H. Native of France on sterile hills. Sweet, cist. t. 29. Cistus pulverulentus, Pour. act. toul. 3. p. 311. Cistus polifolius, Lam. diet. 2. p. 26. but not of Liu. Petals white. Powdered-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? Shrub prostrate. 125 H. MACRA'NTHUM (Sweet, cist. t. 103.) stem suffruticose; branches procumbent, rather tomentose ; leaves flat, ovate- oblong, acutish, smooth above and densely tomentose beneath, pale, cinereous ; stipulas rather pilose, about equal or longer than the petioles ; calyx striated, pilose ; petals distinct. >j . H. Native of? Flowers whitish, but yellow at the base. Var. ft, multiplex (Sweet, cist. t. 104.) lower leaves roundish; flowers double, whitish, but yellow towards the base of the petals. Large-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. ? Shrub pro- cumbent. 126 H. RHODA'NTHUM (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 282.) stem suffruticose, procumbent ; branches rather tomentose, and hoary ; leaves oblong, with revolute margins, under sur- face hoary-tomentose, upper surface greenish-glaucous ; stipulas awl-shaped, pilose and bristly at the top ; calyxes covered with short, white tomentum. \ . H. Native of Spain. Sweet, VOL. i. — PART iv. cist. t. 7. Cistus roseus, Jacq. hort. vind. 3. p. 65? Cistus an- gustifolius, formerly in hort. reg. paris. Cistus piluliferus. Thib. ined. Very like H. puherulentum, but the flowers are rose-coloured. Petals imbricate. Var. a, oblongifblium (D. C. prod. 1. p. 283.) branches clothed with canescent tomentum ; leaves oblong ; flowers rose or red-coloured. Var. ft, subhirsiltmn (D. C. prod. 1. c.) branches clothed with canescent tomentum ; leaves and calyxes rather hairy ; flowers rose-coloured or red. Var. y, cdrneum (Lag. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. c.) branches al- most glabrous ; leaves almost linear ; pedicels hoary-tomentose ; flowers flesh-coloured. Probably a distinct species. Red-flomered Sun-Rose. Fl. May,1 July. Clt. 1800. Shrub procumbent. 127 H. CANE'SCENS (Sweet, cist. t. 51.) stem suffruticose, branched, diffuse ; branches ascending, rather tomentose, canes- cent ; leaves flat or hardly revolute at the margins, under surface tomentosely-hoary, upper surface greenish- glaucous ; lower leaves ovate- oblong, obtuse, upper ones lanceolate, acute ; stipulas linear, ciliated, somewhat longer than the footstalks ; calyxes srnoothish, but with the nerves pubescent ; petals imbricated. T^ • H. Native? Petals reddish- crimson, with a small orange spot at the base of each. Canescent-\ea.ve& Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub procumbent. 128 H. CONFU'SUM (Sweet, cist. t. 91.) stem suffruticose; branches procumbent, smoothish, rather tomentose at the apex ; leaves oblong, ovate, bluntish, rather flat, under surface tomen- tose, hoary, upper surface glabrous, green; stipulas and bracteas linear, green, ciliated ; calyxes striated, smoothish, rather shining ; petals slightly imbricate. Tj . H. Native of France and Spain. H. polifolium, D. C. prod. 1 . p. 283. Petals white, yellow at the base. Confused Sun-Rose. Fl. May, July. Clt. ? Shrub pro- cumbent. 129 H. LANCEOLA'TUM (Sweet, cist. t. 100.) stem suffruticose, much branched, procumbent ; branches ascending, smoothish, hoary-tomentose at the apex ; leaves lanceolate, acute, with somewhat revolute margins, green and smoothish above, but hoary-tomentose beneath : stipulas awl-shaped, linear, longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; sepals smoothish or rather pilose ; petals imbricate. Jj . H. Native of? Petals white, marked with yellow at the base. Stamens yellow. Lanceolatc-\ea.ved Sun-Rose. Fl. May, August. Clt. 1818. Shrub procumbent. 130 H. POLIFOLIUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 80.) stem suffruticose, branched ; branches procumbent, densely tomentose, leaves oblong-linear, with revolute margins, hoary-tomentose on both surfaces ; stipulas narrow, linear, obtuse, longer than the pe- tioles, and are as well as bracteas tomentose and ciliated : petals distinct, crenulated. >j . H. Native of England on stony hills near the sea-side, particularly on Brent Downs, Somerset- shire, also at Babbicome near Newton Abbot, and Tor Hill, near Torquay, Devonshire. Cistus polifolius. Lin. spec. 745. Smith, engl.bot. 1322.— Dill. elth. 175. t. 145. f. 172. Flowers white, marked with yellow at the base. Folium-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Aug. England. Shrub procumbent. 131 H. MUTA'BILE (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) stem suffruticose ; branches procumbent, rather tomentose ; leaves flat, ovate-oblong ; acutish, upper surface glabrous, under surface tomentose, pale-ci- nereous ; stipulas rather pilose, generally equal in length with the footstalks of the leaves or longer ; calyxes striated, smoothish ; petals imbricate. J?. H. Native of Spain. Sweet, cist. 106. Cistus mutabilis, Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 99. Misc. 2. p. 340. Very nearly allied to H. poli/blium, S s CISTINE^l. II. HELIANTHEMUM. far. a ; flowers white. Var. ft ; flowers smaller, rose-red. Sweet, cist. t. 106. Var. y ; flowers double, rose or red-coloured. Cltangeablc-fiowereA Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub procumbent. 132 H. VARIEOA'TUM (Sweet, cist. t. 38.) stem suffruticose, procumbent; branches tomentose, rather hoary, diffusely-pro- cumbent ; leaves lanceolate, acute, flattish, under surface hoary- tomentose, upper surface green, rather scabrous ; stipulas linear, ciliated, longer than the petioles ; calyxes covered with short violaceous tomentum ; petals imbricate, undulated. Tj . H. Native ? Perhaps a hybrid. Petals variegated with white and red. Variegated-Roweved Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. ? Shrub procumbent. 133 H. VERSI'COLOR (Sweet, cist. t. 26.) stem shrubby, erect ; branches ascending, rather hoary from stellate down ; leaves oblong, flat, or concave above, under surface hoary-tomen- tose, upper surface green, glabrous ; stipulas oblong-linear, ciliated, bristly at the top, somewhat longer than the leaves ; calyxes covered with short tomentum ; petals imbricate. Tj . F. Native of the south of Europe. — Barrel, icon. 440. Petals chang- ing from a copper to a flesh-colour. Party-coloured flowered Sun- Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub 1 to l£ foot. 134 H. SULPHU'REUM (Willd. enum. suppl. 39.) stems branch- ed, procumbent; leaves lanceolate, flat, upper surface green, under surface paler, but beset with stellate pubescence on both surfaces : racemes terminal, few-flowered. Jj . H. Native of Spain. Sweet, cist. t. 37. Petals distinct, sulphur-coloured. -SW^Awr-coloured-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1795. Shrub procumbent. 135 H. STRAMINEUM (Sweet, cist. t. 93.) stems branched, elongated, procumbent, tomentosely-pubescent at the apex ; leaves flat, or with the margins scarcely revolute, green above and pilose, hoary-tomentose beneath, lower ones roundish-ovate, obtuse, upper ones oblong-lanceolate, acutish ; stipulas lanceolate, acute, ciliated, twice the length of the petioles ; racemes many- flowered ; calyx striated, smoothish ; petals obovate, spreading, distinct. Jj . H. Native ? Petals straw-coloured, with orange filaments. Var. (3, multiplex. (Sweet, cist. t. 94.) stems ascending at the top ; leaves smaller ; flowers double, straw-coloured, orange- coloured at the base of the petals. /Mraw-coloured-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub procumbent. 136 H. DIVERSIFOLIUM (Sweet, cist. t. 95.) stem suffruticose, ascending, branched ; branches rather tomentose, erectly ascend- ing ; leaves stalked, green and hairy above, hoary-tomentose be- neath, lower ones oval or oblong, obtuse, flat, upper ones linear- lanceolate, ciliated, 3-4-times longer than the petiole ; sepals pilose ; petals crenulated, distinct. Tj . H. Native of ? Petals dark flesh-coloured, with a copper-coloured mark near the base. Var. ft, multiplex (Sweet, cist. t. 98.) flowers larger, double, and of a deeper purplish-red, intermixed with lighter coloured ones. Diverse-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Aug, Clt. ? Shrub. 137 H. ERIOSE'PALON (Sweet, cist. t. 76.) stems branched, procumbent, rather tomentose, hoary at the apex ; leaves lanceo- late, acute, with somewhat revolute margins, green on both sur- faces and beset with starry hairs ; stipulas linear, acute, ciliated, twice as long as the footstalks of the leaves ; racemes terminal, many-flowered ; calyxes clothed with woolly hairs ; petals obo- vate, crenulated, distinct at the base. Tj . H. Native ? Petals of a pale sulphur-colour, with a yellow mark at the base of each. Woolly-sepalled Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. ? Shrub pro- cumbent. 138 H. RO'SEUM (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 822.) stem suffruticose, rather procumbent, somewhat tomentose ; leaves ovate-lanceo- late, tomentose on the under surface, green above, hairy ; stipulas lanceolate-linear, ciliated ; pedicels and calyxes pilosely- hairy. ^ . H. Native of the south of Europe. Sweet, cist. t. 55. Cistus roseus, All. ped. 2. p. 105. t. 45. f. 4, but not of Jacq. Very near to H. vulgare. Petals imbricate at the base. Var. /3, multiplex (Sweet, cist. t. 86.) flower semi-double, pale rose-coloured. Leaves broader and blunter. ./Jose-coloured-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. Jun. July. Clt. 1815. Shrub trailing, J foot. 139 H. FOS'TIDUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) stem suffruticose, procumbent, pilosely-hairy ; leaves oblong, green on both sur- faces, hairy, roughish ; stipulas hairy, linear, longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; pedicels and calyxes rather hairy. ^ • H. Native of — ? Cistus foatidus, Jacq. icon. rar. 1. p. 98. misc. 2. p. 341. Plant with the smell of Bryonia. Petals like those of H. vulgare, but white. Fetid Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1 800. Shrub procum- bent. 140 H. citiAvTUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) stem suffruticose, decumbent ; branches hoary-tomentose ; leaves ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, with the margins scarcely revolute, under surface hoary-tomentose, upper surface hairy ; stipulas greenish, longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; calyxes membranous ; inner sepals nervosely-furrowed : nerves elevated, covered with glandular hairs. Tj . F. Native of Spain, North of Africa, as well as Italy. Cistus ciliatus, Desf. ad. 1. p. 421. t. 109. Pe- tals rose-coloured. Ciliated-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. May, July. Shrub decum- bent, % foot. 141 H. HissopiFOLiuM (Tenor, syn. fl. neap. p. 48.) stem suffruticose, ascending ; branches hairy-tomentose ; lower leaves oval, upper ones oblong-lanceolate, green on both surfaces, flat, hairy ; calyxes hairy ; petals imbricate. Tj . H. Native of Naples in Abruzzo. Var. a, crocatum (Sweet, cist. t. 92.) flowers saffron-coloured, more or less with a ferruginous tint. Var. ft, cupreum (Sweet, cist. t. 58.) flowers of a reddish copper-colour. Var. y, multiplex (Sweet, cist. t. 72.) flowers double, of a reddish copper-colour. Hyssop-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub -J foot, procumbent at the base. 142 H. CUPREUM (Sweet, cist. t. 66.) stem suffruticose, pro- cumbent ; branches ascending, rather tomentose, adult ones glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, channelled, upper surface green, hairy ; under surface hoary-tomentose ; stipulas lanceo- late, acute, ciliated, bristly at the apex, twice as long as the footstalks at the leaves ; calyxes tomentosely-pilose ; petals im- bricated. Tj . H. Native of — ? Petals dark copper-coloured, with a darker mark at the base of each. Copjier-coloured-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub procumbent. 143 H. VENU'STUM (Sweet, cist. t. 10.) stem suftruticose, ascending, branched ; branches glabrous, warted, somewhat to- mentose at the apex ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, flat, or hardly revolute on the margins, but denticulately-scabrous, under surface hoary-tomentose, upper surface green, shining ; stipulas lanceolate, hairy, ciliated, twice as long as the footstalks of the leaves ; inner sepals membranous, with hairy warted nerves ; petals imbricated. Tj . H. Native of — ? Petals crimson, inclining to orange. Charming Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub 1 foot. 144 H. A'SPERUM (Lag. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 283.) stem suffruticose, branched ; branches long, ascending and erect, CISTINE^E. II. HELIANTHEMUM. III. HUDSONIA. 315 somewhat tomentose, roughisli, cinereous ; leaves stalked, oblong, acuminated, with revolute margins, under surface hoary-tomen- tose, upper surface green and somewhat tomentose, roughish ; stipulas awl-shaped, bristly at the apex ; angles of calyx beset with long hairs. Tj . F. Native of Spain. Cistus hirtus, Thib. herb. Petals white. Var. ft, Roussisi (D. C. prod. 1. p. 283.) stem, leaves, and calyxes densely clothed with white hairs. Tj . F. Native of the Levant. Rousseau. Rough Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Shrub 1 foot. 145 H. MILLE'RI (Sweet, cist. t. 101.) stem suffruticose, procumbent ; branches hairy-tomentose ; leaves oblong, bluntish, flat, green on both surfaces, hairy ; stipulas falcate, longer than the petioles ; calyxes hairy ; petals imbricate. Tj . H. Native of — ? Flowers saffron-coloured, with a dark mark at the base of each petal. Miller's Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. ? Shrub procumbent. 146 H. MARJORAN/EFOLIUM (D. C. fl. fr. . 6. p. 625. var. a.) suffruticose, erect, much branched ; branches hairy-tomentose ; leaves stalked, ovate-oblong, acutish, with revolute margins, under surface hoary-tomentose, upper surface greenish-glaucous, tomentosely-hairy ; stipulas awl-shaped, bristly ; calyxes densely clothed with white hairs. 1? . H. Native of the south of France. Cistus marjoranaefolius, Gouan. herb. p. 26.? Marjoram-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. May.Ju. Clt. 1818. Sh. \ ft. 147 H. HIRSU'TUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 284.) suffruticose, stipulate, hairy ; leaves stalked, under surface hoary ; lower leaves rounded, upper ones lanceolate, acute ; flowers secund in ter- minal racemes. ^ . H. Native on rocks on the Eastern Pyre- nees. Cistus hirsutus, Lapeyr. abr. 303, but not of Lam. Flowers large, white. Hairy Sun-Rose. Fl. ? Shrub f foot. t Species not sufficiently known. 148 H. FUGAX (D. C. prod. 1. p. 284.) stem herbaceous; leaves rather ovate, pilose ; flowers fugacious. $ . H. Na- tive on Mount Baldo. H. fugacium, Mill. diet. no. 19. Per- haps the same as H. guttatum ? Fugacious-fio\\ered Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. ? PI. % foot. 149 H. CISTIFOLIUM (Mill. diet. no. 9.) stems procumbent, suffruticose, glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, opposite, longer than the peduncles. 1? . H. Native of Germany. Flowers yellow. Cistus-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. ? Shrub pro- cumbent. 150 H. OLIGOPHY'LLUM (Clark, in Spreng. new entd. 3. p. 163, under the name of Cistus,) shrubby, stipulate; leaves stalked, ovate-lanceolate, without nerves, very entire, scabrous, with revolute margins ; peduncles 1 -flowered. Tj . F. Native near Jaffa. Petals yellow. Fern-leaved Sun-Rose. Shrub. 151 H. ? FASCICULA'TUM (Mill. diet. no. 22.) leaves narrow, in facicles ; pedicels elongated, lateral and terminal. $ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers very fugacious, pale straw-coloured. Fascicular-leaved Sun-Rose. Plant. Cult. The hardy shrubby kinds of this genus are amongst the most beautiful little shrubs for ornamenting rock-work. The frame and green-house kinds should be planted in pots in a mix- ture of sand, loam, and peat, so that they may be protected during winter by a frame ; the smaller kinds of these may be planted out on rock-work during the summer months. Ripened cuttings will strike root freely, if planted under a common hand-glass in a sheltered situation, in August or September ; or they may be raised by seeds, which ripen in abundance. The perennial FIG. 61. and biennial herbaceous kinds should be grown in pots, (so that they may be protected by a frame during winter), in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat ; they are easily increased by seeds. The annual kinds are all beautiful plants, and the seed requires to be sown in the open border : they prefer a light rich soil. All the species of Helidnthemwn deserve to be cultivated in every collection on account of the elegance and various hues of their blossoms. III. HUDSONIA (in honour of William Hudson, a London apothecary, and author of Flora Anglica, 1762 and 1778, 8vo.) Lin. mant. 11. Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 4. D. C. prod. 1. p. 284. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Petals 5 (f. 61. a. &.). Stamens 15-30 ; filaments filiform ; anthers small, longitudinally dehiscent. Style straight, simple (f. 61. e.}, equalling the sta- mens in length. Stigma simple. Capsule 1 -celled, 3-valved, 1-3-seeded, oblong or obovate, coriaceous, smooth or pubescent. Seeds granulated. Embryo immersed in a horny albumen. Small tufted heath-like sub-shrubs. Leaves alternate, small, awl-shaped or needle-shaped, imbricated, without stipulas. Flowers yellow, almost sessile or on short peduncles ; peduncles 1 -flowered, terminal, or lateral, solitary, or aggregate. 1 H. ERICOI DES (Lin. mant. 74.) pubescent ; stems suffruticose, erect ; branches elongated ; leaves filiform, awl-shaped, rather imbri- cated ; peduncles solitary, rising laterally from the leafy bud ; calyx cylindrical, obtuse ; capsules pu- bescent, always 1 -seeded; valves oblong. Tj . F. Native of New Jersey and Virginia in pine woods. Willd. hort. berl. t. 15. Sweet, cist. t. 36. Leaves permanent. Stamens about 15. Peduncles 5 or 8 lines long. According to Nuttal, this plant, which is a native of New Jersey, has aggregate instead of solitary peduncles ; therefore his plant may be a distinct species. Flowers yellow (f. 61.). Heath-like Hudsonia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1805. Shrub 1 ft. 2 H. NUTTA'LLII (Sweet, cist. p. 19.) equally pubescent; stem erect, much branched ; leaves about 2-lines long, filiform, rather imbricate, but distinct from the stem ; pedicels lateral, crowded, when in fruit from 5 to 8 lines long ; calyx cylindrical, obtuse, pubescent, with the segments oblique and convolute, the 2 smaller ones hardly visible when in fruit, but suffi- ciently distinct in the unexpanded flowers ; capsules cylin- drical-oblong, externally pubescent, always 1 -seeded ; valves oblong, the central suture obsolete. J? . F. Abundant over the barren sandy woods of New Jersey, Delaware, Mary- land, and Virginia (Nutt.) H. ericoides, Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 4. Whether this plant is identical with the H. ericoides of Lin. it is impossible to say. Nuttall's Hudsonia. Fl. May, June. Shrub 1 foot. 3 H. MONTA'NA (Nutt. gen. 2. p. 5.) almost smooth ; stems tufted, decumbent ; leaves long, awl-shaped, filiform, rather im- bricated ; peduncles terminal, solitary ; calyxes campanulate, woolly ; segments taper-pointed, subulate ; capsules villous, usually 3-seeded ; valves ovate. fy . F. Native of North Carolina on the summits of mountains. Stamens 25-30. Seeds rather angular. Flowers yellow. Leaves longer, and capsules larger than in the rest of the species. Mountain Hudsonia. Fl. May, July. Shrub decumbent. S s2 316 CISTINEvE. IV. LECHEA. VIOLARIE^. 4 H. TOMENTOSA (Nutt. gen. 2. p. 5.) tufted and hoary-tomen- tose ; stems intricate, dense ; leaves minute, densely imbricated, ovate, acute ; flowers aggregate, almost sessile ; calyxes rather cylindrical, with obtuse partitions; capsules 1 -seeded; valves ovate, smooth. Jj . F. Native of New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland, &c. in the sea-sand. Sweet, cist. t. 57. Stamens 14- 1 8. Flowers yellow. Tomentose Hudsonia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1826. Shrub 1 foot. 5 H. AUSTRAVLIS (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 452.) smoothish, erect; leaves linear-lanceolate, clothed beneath with scattered spread- ing hairs ; flowers terminal, solitary, stalked ; calyx taper- pointed, rather hairy. Jj . G. Native of Monte Video. Southern Hudsonia. Shrub 1 foot. Cult. Hudsonia is a genus of pretty little shrubs, with the appearance of heath, which are rather difficult to cultivate : they thrive best in peat soil, in a shady situation, and should be pro- tected under glass during winter, for this purpose they had better be grown in pots. They may be either increased by layers, or ripened cuttings planted in sand under a hand-glass. IV. LE'CHEA (in honour of G. Leche, a Swede, professor of natural history at Abo, and author of observations on rare plants; died 1764.) Lin. gen. no. 142. Gaert. fruct. 2. t. 129. D. C. prod. 1. p. 285. LIN. SYST. Tri-Dodecdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 3-sepalled, guarded by bracteas or the 2-outer sepals. Petals 3, lanceo- late. Stamens 3-12, usually disposed in a ternary number. Ovary 1, somewhat 3-sided. Stigmas 3, scarcely distinct. Cap- sules 3-valved ; valves bearing a dissepiment or nerve in the middle of each. Seeds very few, usually 8, fixed to the dis- sepiment or nerve. Albumen fleshy. Embryo straightish, dorsal with an inferior radicle. Cotyledons ovate-oblong. In- conspicuous North American herbs, with numerous small white or yellow flowers ; lower branches usually differing from the floriferous ones, they are like those of Thymus serpyllum. 1 L. VILLOSA (Ell. sketch. 184.) hairy; leaves oblong-lan- ceolate, mucronate ; panicle leafy, pyramidal ; branches bearing flowers at the top ; flowers disposed in fascicled-racemes, se- cund, on very short pedicels, y.. H. Native from Canada to Florida in gravelly woods. L. major, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 90. but not of Lin. L. minor, Lin. from Smith. — Lam. ill. t. 52. f. 2. from Pursh. Flowers white or yellow. Far. /3, mucronata (Raf. prec. 37.) pilose; stem straight, simple ; racemes compound ; flowers bracteolate. 7£ . H. Na- tive of New Jersey in woods. Fillous Lechea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1780. Plant 2 feet. 2 L. MINOR (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 91.) smoothish ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute ; panicle leafy ; branches elon- gated, bearing flowers on all sides ; flowers on very short pedicels; stems assurgent. 1}.. H. Native from Canada to Pennsylvania on dry gravelly hills — Lam. ill. t. 52. f. 1. from Pursh. Flowers white or yellow. This plant is lower in growth and larger in fruit than the preceding. Smaller Lechea. Fl. July, Aug. tit. 1802. Plant ^ foot. 3 L. RACEMULOSA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 77.) covered with appressed pubescence ; leaves linear, acute, ciliated ; pa- nicle slender, much branched, pyramidal ; racemes nakedish ; flowers small, alternate, pedicellate ; stem erect. I/ . H. Native of sandy fields from New Jersey to Carolina. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 91. suppl. 3. p. 340. — Guara, Lam. ill. t. 281. f. 3. Flowers white or yellow. Racemulose Lechea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? PI. ^ foot. 4 H. THYMIFOLIA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 77.) covered with appressed white villi ; leaves linear, acute ; panicle leafy, elongated, with short branches ; flowers disposed in lateral and terminal fascicles ; pedicels very short ; flowers small, hoary- tomentose ; stem erect. I/. H. Native of dry barren woods on slate hills, from Virginia to Carolina. Lower branches creep- ing, very like those of 7'hymus serpyllum, which is the case with most of the species of this genus. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 91. L. minor, Walt. car. 83. from Ell. sketch, p. 185. Flowers white or yellow. Thyme-leaved Lechea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl.|ft. 5 L. TENUIFOLIA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 77.) sparingly pilose ; leaves very narrow ; panicle divaricate, nakedish ; branchlets alternate ; pedicels elongated, spreading ; stem erect. I/ . H. Native of dry gravelly hills from Virginia to Georgia. L. juncifolia, Walt. car. 83? from Ell. sketch. 185. Lower branches furnished with linear leaves, by which it is easily dis- tinguished from the rest. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1, p. 91. Flowers white or yellow. Fine-leaved Lechea. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823. PI. £ foot. 6 L. ? VERTiciLLA'iA(Willd. spec. 1. p. 495.) stem hispid; leaves oblong-ovate, serrulated ; flowers in whorles. 3/ . S. Native of the East Indies. Habit of Spermacocce, and most likely a species of the latter genus. Flowers white ? JFAorferf-flowered Lechea. PI. ^ foot. N. B. Lechea Chinensis of Lour, is a species of Commelina. Cull. Lechea is a genus of small herbaceous perennial plants, which succeed best when grown in small pots planted in a mix- ture of light turfy loam and peat. They may be either in- creased by seeds or by cuttings planted in sand under a hand- glass. ORDEK XXI. VIOLARIE'^E (plants agreeing with Ftola in many important characters.) D. C. fl. fran. 4. p. 801. Juss. ann. du mus. 18. p. 4. p. 476. Calyx of 5 permanent sepals, equal (f. 65. a. f. 66. c.) or un- equal, (f. 64. c. f. 62. a.) usually with membranous margins, free or connected at the base, imbricate in the bud ; and therefore they are disposed in a double series, as in Tribe Vwleae, 3 in the outer series, and 2 in the inner. Petals 5, alternating with the sepals (f. 65. 6.) hypogynous, inserted in the thalamus, usually mar- cescent, and obliquely convolute in the bud, sometimes equal (f. 66. b. f. 65. 6.) sometimes unequal (f. 62. c. f. 63. c.), but when they are unequal the lower one is in the form of a labellum (f.64. c.), furnished with a spur or hollow at its base (f. 64. b. f. 63. c.). Sometimes there is a staminiferous urceolus and sometimes fili- form appendages between the petals and the stamens. Stamens 5, inserted in the thalamus or calyx, alternating with the petals ; anthers 2-celled (f. 65. e.) opening inwards by 2 longitudinal chinks ; these are appressed to the ovary, usually free, but sometimes they are more or less connate at the base into a mona- delphous disk ; filaments usually dilated, sometimes from the base in this case, bearing the anthers at the very base (f. 64. d.), some- times they are unguiculated at the base, but they are dilated at the top, and therefore bearing the anthers a little higher up at the tops of the claws (f. 66. a.), in either case the filaments are drawn out beyond the anthers into an arid membrane, more or less imbricately girding the style, rarely awl-shaped but never terminated by the anthers ; two of which in the irregular flowers are usually drawn out downwards into a filiform ap- VIOLARIEjE. 317 pendage (f. 64. e.~) or nectarial glands, which are drawn in within the spur or hollow (f. 63. d.). Ovary 1-celled, many-seeded (f. 62. g. f. 66. rf.) or rarely 1 -seeded from abortion. Placentas 3, parietal, one in the middle of each valve, opposite the 3 exterior petals. Style 1, permanent, usually declinate, perforated, and recurved at the top, and therefore the stigma is somewhat lateral (f. 64. _/*.). Capsule 3-valved (f. 62. g.~), the valves generally open- ing from the apex to the base, usually with elasticity. The seeds have 3 coverings, the outer one is membranous, more or less thickened at the hilum into a caruncle ; umbilical vessel united with the epidermis from the hilum to the vertex of the seed, forming a line which is hardly prominent, expanded into a wrinkled areola at the top. Testa crustaceous, brittle, usually smooth, but sometimes striated, rarely scrobiculate ; inner membrane very thin, adhering, usually dotted with brown in the vertex. Albumen fleshy. Embryo straight in the axis of the albumen, with the radicle towards the base of the seed, not towards the hilum, with an inconspicuous plumule, and usually flat cotyle- dons. Herbs, sub-shrubs, or middle-sized shrubs, with alter- nate, rarely opposite leaves, simple, usually involute before ex- pansion, all furnished with stipulas. Flowers erect or drooping, pedunculate, axillary ; peduncles sometimes solitary or numer- ous, 1 -flowered, and bibracteolate ; sometimes branched, with the pedicels 1 -flowered, and bibracteolate, rising singly from the axillae of the bracteas. This order comes very near Polygalece, Droseracece and Pas- siflbrece, but differs from Polygalece in the fruit being 1-celled, not 2-celled, in the leaves being furnished with stipulas, not exstipulate, as well as in the anthers being 2-celled, not 1-celled. It differs from Droseracece in the style being solitary, not 3-6, and in the embryo being elongated, as well as in the leaves being involute before expansion, not circinal, and furnished with stipu- las, not exstipulate. It differs from Passiflbrece in tbe fruit being capsular, not baccate, and in the stamens being hypogy- nous, not perigynous, as well as in the anthers being adnate to the middle of the filaments, not fixed by the middle ; stigmas 1 , not 3. The genus Hymenanthera agrees with Polygalece in the pericarp being 1 -seeded; seed pendulous, or the pericarp, ac- cording to Mr. Brown, is 2-celled, and the cells 1 -seeded. The genus Calyptrion, and some species of Noiseltia, agree with Passiflbreee in having twining stems. This is a very favourite order with gardeners, consisting, as it chiefly does, of violets ; a great part of which are hardy, her- baceous plants. The tribe Alsodmece consists of tropical trees and shrubs of little beauty, with regular flowers. The roots of all the herbaceous and annual kinds act as emetics like the Ipecacuanha. Synopsis of the Genera. TRIBE I. Vio LE* (D. C. prod. \.p. 288.). Petals 5, unequal (f. 64. c.). Sepals 5 (f. 64. a.), in two series, 3 in the outer and 2 in the inner, the last are narrower than the outer series. Pericarp 3- valved(f. 64. k.), dehiscent, nith aplacenta in the middle of each valve (f. 62. g.). Stamens alternating nith the petals ; filaments dilated, free, or rarely joined, drawn out beyond the anthers ; therefore the anthers appear as ifjixed to the middle of the Jila- ments on the inner side; cells of anthers opening slowly into 2-valves. 1 CALY'PTRION. Sepals nearly equal (f. 62. a.). Lower petal large, drawn out into a pouch at the base. Stamens free ; appendages of 4 ? anterior anthers, long and filiform, bearded. Capsule trigonal, 1-3 or many-seeded (f. 62. g.). Climbing shrubs. 2 NOISE'TTIA Sepals unequal (f. 63. e.). Lower petal large (f. 63. &.), drawn out at the base into a long cylindrical tube (f. 63. c.). Stamens free ; appendages of the 2 anterior anthers awl-shaped. Capsule obsoletely trigonal, many-seeded. Erect or climbing shrubs. 3 SCHWEIGGE'RIA. Sepals unequal (f. 64. a.) 3 exterior ones hastately biauriculate at the base. Lower petal large, cordate (f. 64. &.), drawn out at the base into an unequal-sided spur (f. 64. e.). Stamens free, pressed to the ovary ; append- ages of 2 anterior anthers, awl-shapedj (f. 64. e.). Little trees. 4 VIOLA. Calyx with unequal sepals, all drawn out at the base more or less into ear-like appendages. Lower petal drawn out at the base into a hollow spur. Stamens approximate, the 2 anterior anthers furnished with long awl-shaped appendages. Capsule trigonal ; valves opening with elasticity. Usually herbs, rarely small shrubs. 5 ERPE'TION. In every respect the same as Viola, but the se- pals are hardly drawn out at the base, and the lower petal is not drawn out into a spur at the base ; but furnished with a small gibbosity. Anthers without appendages. Creeping herbs. 6 SO'LEA. Calyx hardly equal. Lower petal large, with a gibbous base. Stamens approximate, with a nectarial gland on the outside of two of the filaments. A pilose, erect herb. 7 POMBA'LIA. Sepals of calyx large, with prickly margins. Lower petal long, somewhat gibbous at the base. Stamens free; two of the filaments are furnished each with a nectarial gland at the base. Capsule as in Viola. Erect, villous herbs. 8 PIGEA. Sepals unequal. Lower petal very large, gibbous at the base. Stamens free, lobes of anthers ending in a bristle. Capsules trigonal. Herbs or sub-shrubs. 9 IONIDIUM. Sepals unequal. Lower petal large, rather gib- bous or concave at the base. Stamens approximate, the 2 anterior filaments usually furnished each with a nectarial gland at the base. Capsule, as in Viola, elastic. Herbs or sub-shrubs. 10 HYBA'NTHUS. Sepals unequal. Lower petal long, saccate at the base. Stamens connate at the base, the 2 inferior fila- ments bearing each a large shell-formed gland at the base. Cap- sule obovate, few-seeded. Inelegant shrubs, usually spinose. 11 ANCHIE'TIA. Calyx deeply 5-parted, unequal. Lower petal large, unguiculate, with a spur at the base. Anthers almost sessile ; 2 lower ones on very short filaments, each drawn out into a filiform appendage on the back. Capsule large, inflated, many-seeded. Erect or climbing shrubs. 318 VIOLARIE^E. I. CALYPTRION. TRIBE II. ALSODINEJE (R. Br. congo. p. 21.) Petals equal (f. 65. &.). Stamens usually connected at the base, or adnate, to an elevated urceolus which is situated between the petals and the stamens. 12 GONOHO RIA. Sepals imbricate. Stamens free, approxi- mate. Lobes of the anthers ending in a bristle. Ovary villous. Capsule 3-valved, few-seeded. Shrubs. 13 RINO'REA. In every respect the same as the last genus, but the filaments are dilated from the base into an acuminated ligula, not unguiculate, rather connate at the base. 14 ALSO'DEA. Sepals acute, imbricate. Filaments connate at the base into an urceolus which girds the ovary. Lobes of anthers usually drawn out at the apex into a bristle. Capsule bluntly trigonal, few-seeded. Large shrubs. 15 CERANTHE'RA. Sepals acute. Urceolus toothed, con- nected with the petals at the base, situated between the petals and the stamens. Filaments unguiculate at the base. Lobes of anthers ending in a bristle. Ovary ovate. Large shrubs. 16 PENTA'LOBA. Sepals erect. Petals approximate at the base, reflexed at the top. Urceolus 5-toothed, bearing the fila- ments between these teeth. Ovary pilose. Capsule 5 -lobed, 1- celled, 5-seeded. A large shrub. 17 SPATULA'RIA. Calyx 5-parted (f. 66. c.), unequal, deci- duous. Petals rather unequal (f. 66. &.,) inserted in the base of the calyx, with long spatulate claws, which are connivent. An- thers drawn out at the apex into a membranous point (f. 66. a.). Capsule many-seeded (f. 66. d.). An erect shrub. 1 8 HYMENANTHE' RA. Sepals imbricate. Petals at length re- flexed. Structure of stamens as in Viola, but they are joined at the base into a monadelphous disk, with a scale at the back of each. Capsule rather baccate, 2-celled; cells 1- seeded. Large, branched, erect shrubs. 19 PIPAREA. Sepals 5, equal, permanent, at length reflexed. Filaments 10-15, awl-shaped, all joined together at the base, closely girding the ovary. Capsule ovate, triquetrous, 1- 3- celled, opening laterally from the top, densely clothed on the inside witli brown velvetty down, bearing the seeds in the middle of the valves, one in each. Large shrubs. Tribe I. VIOXE^E (plants agreeing with Viola in having irregular flowers.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 288. Petals unequal (f. 64. d.). The three outer sepals usually broader than the two inner ones (f. 64. «.). Pericarps 3-valved, dehiscent, with a placenta in the middle of each valve (f. 62. g.). Stamens alternating with the petals ; filaments dilated, drawn out beyond the anthers, free, (approximate or coarctate) or rarely joined. Cells of anthers at length 2-valved. I. CALY'PTRION (k.-aXvnrpa, calyptra, a hood or cover, and wv, ion, a violet ; in allusion to the hood-like spur at the base of the lower petal.) Ging. mss. B.C. prod. 1. p. 288. Coryn6stylis, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 25. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, running into the pedicel at the base. Sepals 5, almost equal (f. 62. a.), the 2 lower ones somewhat unequal-sided. Petals 5, the lower one large, drawn out behind into a large hollow pouch, which is compressed on the sides, and constricted in the middle, twisted, many-nerved ; limb involute in aestivation, but spreading in the more advanced state, usually waved, erose or lobed. The 2 lateral petals hardly shorter than the lowest one (f. 62. d.), spreading ; the rest small, and very short (f. 62. e, e.~), and bent upwards, all generally villous. Stamens 5, 4 of which are con- nate ; filaments dilated from the base, oblong ; bearing the anthers low down ; anthers twice the length of the ovary (f. 62. c.), with parallel lobes ; the 4 ? anterior ones are drawn out on the outside into short bearded recurved appendages ; these append- ages are drawn in within the pouch. Capsule ligneous, 1 -celled, 3-valved (f. 62. g.). Seeds numerous, large, rather square, com- pressed, wrinkled, fixed to the valves. Climbing shrubs, with alternate leaves and deciduous stipulas. Flowers large, white, disposed in axillary racemes. Pedicels with a bractea at the base of each, and bibracteolate in the middle. Obs. Under Viola Hybdnthus, Willd, there are four speci- mens very different from each other, joined, and probably belong- ing to three distinct genera. Compare Mayer, esseq. p. 123. * 1. Flowers large in racemes, or axillary and solitary on the branchlets. 1 C. AUBLE'TII (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 289.) stem striated, covered with white spots ; leaves oblong-ovate, acu- minated, serrated ; flow- ers in fascicled racemes ; sepals ovate, obtuse ; spur of flower hardly inflated at the throat. J? . w. S. Native of Guiana, Cay- enne, island of Trinidad, and Brasil. Viola Hyban- thus, Aubl. guian. 2. p FIG. 62. 811. t. 319. May fl. prim, esseq. p. 123. not of Willd. nor Pers. lonidium Aubletii, Rom. and Schult. syst. 5. p. 397. Viola laurifolia, Smith in Rees" cyclop. Corynostylis Hybanthus, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 26. t. 17 and 18. Seeds large, roundish, chesnut-coloured. Flowers large, white (f. 62.). Ablet's Hooded-violet. Clt. 1823. Sh. climbing. 2 C. BERTE'RII (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 289.) stem striated, covered with white spots ; leaves ovate, acuminated, en- tire ; sepals ovate, acute ; throat of spur inflated. Jj . w. S. Native of South America. Far. a, Magdalenense (D. C. prod. 1. c.) racemes axillary. Native of Baranquilla on the banks of the river Magdalena in inundated places. Viola scandens, Bert. ined. Flowers large, white. Var. /3, Mexicanum (D. C. prod. 1. c.) racemes terminal on the top of the branchlets ; flowers larger. Native of Mexico. Moc. et Sesse. Viola cucullata, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. icon. Perhaps a distinct species. Flowers very large, white. Bertero's Hooded-violet. Shrub climbing. 3 C. ? CITRIFOLIUM (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 289.) stem ? leaves oblong, obtuse, quite entire ; sepals ovate, acute ; flowers solitary ; capsules obsoletely 3- sided ; seeds oblong, compressed. J? . ,_,. S. Native of Cumana. Viola arbores- cens, Lcefl. itin. p. 282. C. Loeflingii, Spreng. Citron-leaved Hooded-violet. Shrub climbing. 4 C. ? ORINOCE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 384.) stem angular, puberulous ; leaves serrulated, ovate-oblong, acute, obtuse at the base, upper surface glabrous, under surface pubescent; flowers solitary ? T? . ,_,. S. Native of humid places near St. Fernando de Atabapo, Mission, del. Orinoco. Very 1 VIOLARIE^E. I. CALYPTRION. IF. NOISETTIA. III. SCHWEIGGERIA. 319 like C. AMelil, according to K until, Viola excelsa, Willd. herb, ex Roam, and Schult. syst. 5. p. 391. Flowers large, white. Orinoco Hooded-violet. Shrub climbing. § 2. Flowers small, disposed in axillary crowded fascicles. 5 C. ? FRANGUL^FOLIUM (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1 . p. 289.) stem twining to the right ; leaves oblong-elliptical, acute, rounded at the base, obsoletely serrulated, puberulous on both surfaces ; flowers disposed in crowded fascicles, exceeding the footstalks of the leaves ; sepals narrow, acuminated ; lower petal emar- ginate at the top ; spur (hood) obtuse, flattened on the sides ; stamens furnished with very long smooth appendages. Tj . °. S. Native in the Andes about Popayan at the height of 6016 feet. Noisettia frangulaefolia, H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 384. t. 499. a and b f. 1. Flowers like those of Noisettia but the habit of the plant agrees with Calyptrion. Frangula-leaved Hooded-violet. Shrub twining. •f Doubtful Species. 6 C.? DIA'NDRUM (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 289.) stem herbaceous, creeping ; leaves oblong ; peduncles solitary ; lower petal trifid. Tf.. S. Viola diandra, Allemand in Lin. syst. 669. lonidium diandrum, Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 399. Flowers white ? Diandrous Hooded-violet. PI. creeping or twining. Cult. Elegant climbing shrubs, well adapted for covering rafters in stoves. A rich light soil will suit them best, and young cuttings will root freely if planted in a pot of sand, placed under a hand-glass, in heat. II. NOISE'TTIA (in honour of Louis Noisette, an eminent French cultivator and writer on fruit-trees, author of Le Jardin Frutier, 2. fasc. in 4to. 1813). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 382. exclusive of the synonym of Aublet, Bigelowia, D. C. mss. but not of Sprengel. LIN. SYST. Pent&ndria, Monogynia. Calyx middle-sized, running into the pedicel at base ; sepals 5 (f. 63. e.), unequal, 2 lower ones usually with unequal sides. Lower petal large (f. 63. b.), with the limb involute in aestivation, drawn out behind into a long straight cylindrical tube (f. 63. c.); 2 lateral petals short, ascend- ing, the rest smaller, all smooth? Stamens free ; filaments dilated at the base and furnished with a membrane at the top, bearing the anthers low down ; anthers hardly longer than the ovary, with sub-sagittate lobes, the two anterior anthers drawn out on the back into nectariferous awl-shaped appendages (f. 63. g.}, which are drawn in, within the tube. Ovary superior; ovulas usually 12-30 ? rather pear-shaped (H.B. et Kunth. 1. c.). Cap- sule 1 -celled, 3-valved, membranous, ovate, obsoletely 3-sided, veiny, with linear placentas ; valves few-seeded. Erect or scandent shrubs, with twiggy branches. Leaves alternate, simple, stalked, feather-nerved. Stipulas in pairs, usually running down the stem. Flowers on pedicels ; pedicels many, or from abortion solitary, bibracteolate towards the middle, but not jointed, disposed in axillary crowded fascicles. Flowers of a pale colour. 1 N. LONGIFO'LIA (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 382. t. 499. b & f. ii.) stem shrubby, striated, simple or branched ; leaves lanceolate, serrated, acute, tapering into the short foot- stalks at the base ; flowers in bundles ; peduncles bractless ; spur awl-shaped, length of pedicel ; sepals lanceolate, acumin- ated, 2 lower ones unequal-sided, eared on the outside at the base ; lower petal obcordate, lateral ones oblong, obtuse, the rest ovate ; ovary many-seeded ; stigma hooked. Jj . S. Na- tive of Cayenne. Viola longifolia, Poir. diet. 8. p. 649. loni- dium longifolium, Roem. et Schultz. syst. 5. p. 398. Flowers cream-coloured or white. Long-leaved Noisettia. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1 to 1| foot. Petals foot. 2 N. ORCHIDIFLO'RA (Ging. mss. FIG. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 290.) stem slender, smooth ; leaves lanceolate, serrulatedjonlong footstalks; flowers 4-6 in a fascicle ; spnr obtuse, a little shorter than the pedicel. Tj ? S. Native of Guiana. Viola orchi- di flora. Rudge, pi. guian. rar. 1. p. 11. t. 10. lonidium orchidiflorum, Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 400. Flowers cream-coloured or white (f. 63.). Var. /3; leaves lanceolate, acu- minated, serrated, tapering at the base into the long footstalk, gla- brous ; flowers 3-4 lines long, 3-4 in each fascicle ; capsules 3-sided, straw-coloured, 2-3-seeded, with ovate, veiny, glabrous valves. Jj . S. Native of Guiana. Orchis-flowered Noisettia. Shrub 1| foot. 3 N. GALEOPSIFO'LIA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 461.) stems somewhat herbaceous, simple, triangular, a little winged ; leaves lanceolate, rather acuminated, acute, serrated ; flowers in racemose bundles; peduncles bractless; ovary usually con- taining 15 seeds. 2/ . S. Native of Brasil in old woods on the eastern part of the province of Minas-Geraes, near the village called Rio-Vermelho. N. longifolia, Nees et Mart, in nov. act. Bonn. 12. p. 48. but not of Kunth. Root yellow. pale yellow, but pale scarlet at the apex. Hemp-Netlle-leaved Noisettia. Fl. April. PI. 1 to 1 _ 4 N. ? ROQUEFEUILLA'NA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 462. t. 22. f. c.) plant glabrous, stems shrubby, round, climbing, branched ; leaves ovate or oblong, or elliptical-lanceolate, acu- minated, rather acute at the base, crenate-serrated ; peduncles bracteate ; flowers usually disposed in racemes. fj . w. S. Native of Brasil in old woods on Mount Tejuca near Rio Janeiro. A climbing shrub. Perhaps a species of Anchietia. Roquefeuille's Noisettia. Fl. Aug. Shrub climbing. 5 N. ACUMINA'TA (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 290.) leaves lanceolate, on short footstalks, ciliated, toothed, drawn out at the apex into a long, entire acumen ; pedicels solitary, a little shorter than the leaves ; capsules ovate. J? ? F. Native of North America. Violaeoides, Mich. ined. Perhaps a variety of N. orchidiflbra. Acuminated-\eaved Noisettia. Shrub 2 feet. Cult. These curious plants will grow freely in light rich soil, and young cuttings will strike root freely if planted in a pot of sand, placed under a hand-glass, in heat. The climbing species is well fitted for covering rafters in stoves. III. SCHWEIGGE'RIA(inhonourof Aug. Frid. Schweigger, Professor at Regiomonti in Sicily). Spreng. ex St. Hil. mem. mus. 11. p. 454. Glossarrhen, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 22. D. C. prod, l.p. 290. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Sepals of calyx very unequal, running into the peduncle at the base, 3 exterior sepals large (f. 64. a.), longer than the petals, usually cordate, acuminated, hastately 2-eared at the base, lower ones unequal-sided, with the spur between, with the auricles of the exterior ones stretched out, and usually rounded ; 2 inner sepals very small and very narrow. Petals 5, unequal, with 3-nerved claws ; 2 upper ones shortest, 2 lateral ones longer than the upper ones (f. 64. c c.), lowest one large (f. 64.6.), with the limb involute in aestivation, bicallose at the base, and drawn out behind into a hollow spur (f. 64. e.). Filaments of stamens separated and dilated at the base, oblong, pressed to the ovary, each furnished with a membrane at the apex, bearing the 320 VIOLARIEJE. III. SCHWEIGGERIA. IV. VIOLA. f anthers low down ; lobes of anthers drawn out at the top ? di- verging, but approximate at the base ; 2 anterior filaments bear- ing on their back nectariferous awl-shaped appendages, which are drawn in within the spur (f. 64. e.). Stigma ascending, usually drawn out downwards into a somewhat spatulate appendage, somewhat jnflexed at the top (f. 64./.). Capsule 1-celled, 3- valved, many-seeded (f. 64. k.) ; seeds fixed to the middle of the valves. Branched shrubs with reddish bark, about 6 feet high. Leaves simple, alternate, serrated, deciduous, feather-nerved ; stipulas small. Peduncles solitary, 1 -flowered, axillary, brac- teate. This is an intermediate 'genus between Noisettia and Viola, differing from both in the form of the calyx. 1 S. FLORIBU'NDA (St. Hil. mem. mus. 11. p. 456. t. 22. b.) leaves ovate-oblong, tapering to both ends, acute, and acutely serrate-toothed ; peduncles axillary. Jj . S. Native of Brasil on mountains near Rio Janeiro. Flowers white ; lower petal cu- neated, streaked with yellow and red at the base. Glossarrhen floribundus, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 22. 1. 15. Bundle-florvcred Tongue-violet, FIG 64 Fl. Sept. Oct. Sh. 4-5 feet. 2 S. PAUCIFLORA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p.23. act. bonn. 12. p. 48. under Glossarhen) leaves tapering much to the base, obovately-spatulate, ob- tuse, crenately serrulated ; pedun- cles axillary. Jj.S. Native of Brasil in the province of Bahia in shady .stony places at the river Atahype. Flowers white (f. 64.). Fern-flowered Tongue-violet. Fl. Dec. Sh. 4 to 6 feet. Cult. These beautiful shrubs will thrive in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat, and young cuttings will strike root readily if planted in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. IV. V1VOLA {iov, ion, a violet, in Greek. The ancients feigned that violets were the first food of the cow lo, one of Ju- piter's mistresses). Tourn. inst. 419. t. 236. D. C. prod. 1. p. 291. Viola, spec. Lin. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Sepals unequal, all more or less drawn out downwards into ear-like appendages, (produced from the dilatation of the nerves,) erect after flowering. Petals unequal, convolute in aestivation, with 3-nerved claws, lower one drawn out downwards, more or less into a hollow spur. Stamens approximate or coarctate (not joined) inserted on the top of the teeth of a pentagonal, 5-toothed torus. Filaments dilated at the base, oblong, or triangular, bearing the anthers low down ; lobes of anthers spreading at the base ; the 2 ante- rior stamens bearing on their back 2 nectariferous, filiform ap- pendages of various shapes, which are drawn in within the spur. Ovary sometimes superior, sometimes girded round at the base by a concave torus, and therefore in this case appears half inferior. Valves of capsule elastic, contracting at maturity and ejecting the seeds. Seeds horizontal, manifestly carunculate, more or less egg-shaped and shining. Embryo oblong ; radicle rather terete ; cotyledons usually oblong-orbicular, flattisb, scarcely longer than the radicle. Elegant, low herbs, for the most part perennial, rarely annual, sometimes with a very short or subterraneous stem, these are called stemless, sometimes caulescent, rarely shrubby. Leaves alternate, marcescent. Peduncles solitary, axillary 1 -flowered, furnished with 2 little bracteas, not jointed, reflexed at the top. Flowers drooping. Seminal leaves oblong or ovate, stalked ; primordial leaves oppo- site, rarely meeting together. The roots of all the species act as emetics, some are used as a substitute for ipecacuanha, and it has been ascertained by analysis that they contain the same principle. In medicine the flowers of violets act as a laxative, and the syrup is used by chemists to detect an acid or an alkali ; for this purpose the V. odorata is cultivated to some extent at Stratford upon Avon. We have here followed M. Gingins in the arrangement of the species according to the form of the stigmas, but whether this character has been sufficiently ascertained in all the species we are not at present able to say. SECT. I. NOMI'NIUM (a name applied by old authors to some kinds of violets). Ging. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 291. Stigma beaked, with a little chink or hole situated on the apex of the beak, which is more or less recurved, sometimes marginated below, hence flattish and oblique, sometimes without the mar- gin, and thence rather convex below. Style tapering from the top to the base. Stamens oblong, approximate. Torus flattish. Capsules usually 3-sided. Seeds 15-27. Seminal leaves usually obovate or oblong. § 1. Stigmas depressed at the top, or marginated in the orb below. Stemless herbs. * Roots (Rhizomas ?) toothed, more or less fleshy, usually oblique. •j- Leaves pedate, or lobed. 1 V. PEDA'TA (Lin. spec. 1323.) stigma large, compressed at the sides, obliquely truncate at the top, and perforated, with a very short beak ; leaves full of pellucid dots, pedately many- parted ; segments linear-lanceolate, variously lobed ; stipulas pectinately jagged, adhering a considerable way ; petals all smooth, superior one truncate ; sepals lanceolate, acute, ciliated, emarginate behind. Tj. . H. Native from New England to Ca- rolina, on dry sandy hills and in fields. Curt. bot. mag. 89. Andr. hot. rep. t. 153. Flowers large, beautiful blue, with a white base. Var. a, lineariloba (D. C. prod. 1. p. 291.) leaves pedately 5-7 parted ; partitions multifid ; lobes linear-lanceolate, entire, ciliated. Curt. bot. mag. t. 89. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 69. Flowers pale blue. Native of Virginia. Var. j3, ranunculifblia (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves deeply lobed. V. ranunculifolia, Poir. diet. 8. p. 62C? Flowers whitish ? Perhaps the same as the following. Pedate-\eaved Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1759. PI. i ft. 2 V. SEPTENLOBA (Le Conte in ann. lye. new york, 2. p. 141.) quite smooth, shining ; leaves rather succulent, ovate, cor- date, toothed, lower ones entire, the rest pedately 7-lobed ; middle lobe large ; peduncles somewhat tetragonal, longer than the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, entire behind ; petals all entire, upper one large, villous at the base, 2 lateral ones densely bearded. I/ . H. Native of North America in Carolina and Georgia, in pine-woods. Flowers large, 2 inches in diameter, blue, but white at the base, and marked with darker lines. This plant comes very near in habit to V. pedata, but is much stronger, and is more worthy of that name than the plant that bears it. Var. /3, albiflura (Le Conte, 1. c.) flowers white. Seven-lobed-\eaved Violet. Fl. April, June. Clt. PI. | foot. 3 V. PEDATI'FIDA ; leaves pedately 3-parted, middle partition trifid, lateral ones bifid, all lobed. Very like V. pedata, but differs in the two lateral petals being bearded. I/ . H. Native of North America. Flowers beautiful blue. Pedati/id-\eaved Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1826. Pl.ift. 4 V. DIGIT A' TA (Pursli. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 171.) leaves pal- mately 5-7-lobed, tapering into the petiole behind ; lobes entire. 2{ . H. Native of Virginia. Flowers pale blue. Digitate-leaved Violet. Fl. May. Clt. ? PI. £ foot. VIOLARIE.E. IV. VIOLA. 321 5 V. FLABELLIFO' LIA (Lodd. bot. cab. 777.) stigma as in V. pe- data ; style pubescent ; leaves pedately 5-7-parted ; partitions cuneated, cut ; stipulas jagged, adhering a considerable way ; petals smooth. If. H. Native of North America. V. pedata, var. bicolor, Pursli, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 171. V. atropurpurea, Raf. in litt. Flowers large, pale blue, ornamented with dark purple at the edge, and velvety at the bottom. Fan-leaved Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. PI. £ foot. 6 V. PALMA'TA (Lin. spec. 1323.) nearly smooth, or some- times a little pubescent ; stigma capitate, recurved, beaked, de- pressed, marginate ; rhizoma fleshy, thick ; leaves hastately-cord- ate, palmately-lobed ; lobes polymorphous (rarely undivided) ; sepals ciliated, ovate-lanceolate, entire behind ; lateral petals bearded, with the claws of all keeled. If. . H. Native of North America. Flowers blue. Far. a, vulgaris (Elliot, sket. ]. p. 300.) outer lobes of leaves with small acute segments at the base. Var. ft,fragrans (Elliot,!, c.) leaves more dissected ; flowers fragrant. Native near Savannah. Far. y, dilatata (Elliot, 1. c.) pubescent ; leaves profoundly dissected. Common in Carolina and Upper Georgia. This is the type of the species, according to Schwein. Far, S, variegala ; leaves of 2 formes, later ones 3-lobed ; lateral lobes deeply lobed, middle lobe large and not so deeply lobed as the lateral ones ; flowers variegated with blue and white. If. . H. Native of North America. Sepals not ciliated. Palmate-leaved Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1752. PI. \ foot. 7 V. HETEROPHY'LLA (Muhl. cat. ex Le Conte in ann. lye. new york, 2. p. 139.) smooth ; leaves cordate, elongated-ovate, rather acute, crenate-toothed, entire, and somewhat palmately 5- lobed, with the intermediate lobe much larger and broader than the rest; peduncles somewhat tetragonal, longer than the leaves ; sepals awl-shaped, emarginate behind ; petals all entire, veined, white at the base, superior petal villous at the base, lateral ones bearded, and with the inferior one marked with a few blue lines. 7£. H. Native of North America in Georgia and Carolina, in humid places and in rice grounds . V. palmata var. hetero- phylla, Elliot, D. C. Leaves esculent and mucilaginous. Var. ft, albiflora (Le Conte, 1. c.) flowers white ; leaves entire, but when in flower a little lobed. Leaves esculent and mucila- ginous, which is the case with most of the violets of this section. Farious-leaved Violet. Fl. April, May. Clt. ? PI. | foot. 8 V. CONGEVNER (Le Conte in ann. lye. new york, 2. p. 140.) always villous ; leaves broad-ovate, cordate, rather kid- ney-shaped, deeply crenate-toothed, so as to appear lobed ; pe- tioles very villous ; peduncles somewhat tetragonal, shorter than the leaves ; sepals ciliated, ovate, obtuse, entire behind ; petals all entire, veined, white at the base, upper petal nar- rowest, sometimes rather villous at the base ; lateral ones densely bearded, and with the inferior one marked with a few blue lines. 1^- H. Native of North America along with V. palmata, but is easily distinguished at first sight by the yellowish-green colour of its leaves. Flowers blue, white at base, or of a deep- violet. Perhaps the same as the following. Congener Violet. Fl. March, July. Clt. PI. % foot. 9 V. TRI'LOBA (Schwein. amer. journ. 5. no. 1.) stigma capi- tate, recurved, beaked, depressed ; rhizoma fleshy, thick ; leaves smooth, of two forms, some of them nearly kidney-shaped, others 3-lobed ; lateral lobes small, sub-divided. If. . H. Native of Carolina, in fertile woods and meadows. Flowers deep blue. V. palmata, var. triloba, Ging. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 292. Three- lobed-\ea\ed Violet. Fl. April, June. PI. I foot. f f Leaves cordate, entire. 10 V. ASARIFOLIA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 732. not of VOL. I. PAKT. IV. Muhl.) stigma globose, not marginate ; rhizoma very thick, coral- formed ; leaves large, cordately kidney-shaped, undivided, cre- nately-toothed, pubescent ; lateral petals bearded ; pedicels snorter than the leaves. If. . H. Native from Virginia to North Caro- lina, in low, rich woods and meadows. Flowers blue. Asarabacca-leaved Violet. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1820. PI. \ ft. 11 V. PAPILIONA'CEA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 173.) stigma triangular, marginate ; rhizoma fleshy, thickish ; leaves triangu- larly-cordate, acute, crenated, rather cucullate, smoothish; 3 lower petals connivent, bearded beneath the middle, 2 upper ones reflexed. Tj. . H. Native of North Carolina, and near Philadelphia, in humid places. Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 356. V. barbata, Willd. MSS. ? Flowers blue, striated, and bearded with yellow down. Far. a, sepals acuminated,; leaves triangularly-cordate, acu- minated. Far. ft ? sepals ovate ; leaves cordate, acutish. Butterfly Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1800. PI. \ foot. 12 V. AFFI'NIS (Le Conte in ann. lye. new york, 2. p. 138.) plant smooth ; leaves ovate, cordate, rather acuminated, crenate- toothed ; peduncles somewhat tetragonal, shorter than the leaves ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, either entire or emarginate behind, rather blunt ; petals entire, veiny, 2 lateral ones bearded, Tf.. H. Native of North America. V. cucullata, Schweinitz and Torrey. V. sororia, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 173. V. papilionacea var. ft, D. C. prod. 1. p. 292. Flowers blue, white at the bottom, upper petal villous as well as the rest, lateral ones bearded, lower one marked with a few blue lines. Neighbouring Violet. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1802. PI. $ ft. 13 V. CUCULLA'TA (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 288.) stigma trian- gular, marginated ; rhizoma fleshy, thick ; leaves smooth, cordate, acute, serrated, cucullate at the base ; peduncles longer than the petioles ; limb of lower petal narrow, beardless, with the 2 la- teral ones bearded, all obliquely twisted ; claws of all keeled. If. . H. Native of North America, in wet places, common. Flowers blue, white at the base. Sims, bot. mag. 1795. V. oblfqua, Pio. diss. p. 12. t. 3. f. 1. V. cucullata, ft, glaberrima, D. C. prod. 1. p. 292. Sepals subulate, emarginate behind. Far. ft, hispidula (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves with a short acu- men, rather hispid on the upper surface. Flowers blue? Far. y, cardiformis (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves cordate, hardly acuminate, rather hispid on the upper surface ; rhizoma perpen- dicular, blackish. Perhaps a species. Hooded-\eaved Violet. Fl. April, Ju. Clt. 1762. PI. ^ to ^ ft. 14 V. IMBE'RBIS (Ledeb. fl. alt. 1. p. 257. icon. fl. pi. ross. alt. ill. t. 236.) stemless ; leaves cordate, acute, serrated, rather pilose ; peduncles length of leaves, furnished with bracteas in the middle ; sepals lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated at the base ; petals oblong, obtuse, beardless ; spur elongated, blunt, a little incurved, i/ . H. Native of Siberia Altaica. Flowers viola- ceous. Like F. macroceras, but the petals are not bearded. Beardless-petalled Violet. Fl. April, May. PL £ foot. 15 V. OBLI'QUA (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 288.) stigma triangular, marginated ; rhizoma fleshy, thick ; leaves smooth, cordate, acute, crenately-serrated, flattish ; flowers erect; peduncles length of leaves ; petals obliquely twisted ; lateral ones very narrow, and longer than the rest, bearded beneath the middle. H.. H. Native from Pennsylvania to Virginia, in wet shady places. Flow- ers white, with purple and yellow veins. Viola cordata, Walt, car. 219. ? Oblique-petalled Violet. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1762. Pl.^ft. * Roots wrinkled, more or less ligneous, and branched. t Leaves pinnate, or lobed. 16 V. PINNA'TA Lin. spec. 1323.) stigma triangular, emar- Tt 322 VIOLARIE^E. IV. VIOLA. ginated ; root divided, rather woody ; leaves pinnately many- parted ; partitions many-lobed ; sepals ovate ; 2 lateral petals bearded ; seeds turbinate, foveolate at the base, reddish. If. . H. Flowers pale blue, with darker veins. This species is smaller than V. pedata; leaves generally as deeply divided into about 5 segments, which are either 3-cleft or pinnatifid, as well as jagged, and very narrow. Var. a, Sibirica, (D. C. prod. 1. p. 293.) leaves pinnate- parted ; partitions pinnatifid, densely ciliated ; capsules more acute, and the seeds are smaller than in Var. ft. Native of Siberia. Gmel. sib. 4. p. 101. t. 48. f. 4. Var. ft, European (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves pinnatifid ; fissures many-lobed, remotely ciliated ; capsules obtuse ; seeds large. Native of the mountains of Switzerland and Savoy. All. mis- cell, taur. 3. p. 181. t. 5. f. 2. Hall, hist. no. 561. Pinnate-leaved Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1752. PI. % ft. 17V. DISSE'CTA (Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 255. icon. pi. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 232.) stemless ; leaves 3-parted ; segments multifid, toothed, smooth ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, rather shorter than the spur ; 2 lateral petals bearded. If. . H. Native on the Altaian mountains, about Barnaoul, and elsewhere. V. multi- fida, Willd. herb. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 101. no. 66. Flowers largeish, violet. Root (rhizoma ?) horizontal, branched. Dissected-leaved Violet. Fl. May. PI. ^ foot. 18 V. DACTYLOI^DES (Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 351.) stigma marginated ; root divided, hard ; leaves palmately 5-7-cleft ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, grossly serrated, under surface villous ; sepals ovate ; 2 lateral petals bearded. l/.H. Native of birch forests about Irkoutck and Nertschinsk-Sawod. V. palmata, Patrin. herb. Gmel. sib. 4. p. 100. t. 49. f. 3. Flowers pale blue, with darker veins. Finger-grass-le&ved Violet. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1820. PI. ^ to | foot. f f Leaves ovate-cordate, or lanceolate. 19 V. VARIEGATA (Fisch. in litt. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 293.) style marginated ; root sub-divided, hardish ; leaves ovate- cordate, or roundish ; capsules obtuse ; seeds ovoid, reddish. 11 . H. Native of Dahuria. V. maculata, Patrin. herb, but not of Cav. Stipulas lanceolate, ^-adhering, denticulated. Leaves violaceous on the under surface, obscurely green on the upper surface, white at the veins, and rather hispid. Spur cy- lindrical, straight, length of sepals. In fruit-bearing plants the leaves are large, roundish, almost glabrous. Flowers pale violet, very like those of V. pinnata. Capsules obovate-trigonal. Variegated-leaved Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1817. PL | foot. 20 V. CALTHSFO'LIA (Poir. diet. 8. p. 627.) leaves ovate-cor- date, obtuse, somewhat crenated, rather hairy ; peduncles shorter than the leaves. If . H. Native ? Perhaps the same as V. asari- folia? Capsules ovate-triquetrous. Seeds globose. Flowers blue. Lateral petals bearded ? Caltha-leaved Violet. PI. i foot. 21 V. PHYTEUM^FO'LIA (B.C. in herb. Lamb.) pubescent ; stigma? leaves oblong-ligulate, obliquely cordate at the base, obtuse at the apex ; peduncles twice the length of the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; spur blunt, shorter than the sepals ; petals obovate-oblong, lower one retuse, lateral ones bearded ; stipulas linear, entire, acute. i;.F. Native of New Holland. Peduncles 6-9 inches high. Flowers about the size of those of y. calcarata. Like V. ovata. Phyteuma-leaved Violet. PI. ^ foot. 22 V. FRIMULJEFO'LIA (Lin. spec. 1324. exclusive of the syno- nym of Gmel.) stigma marginate ; root fibrous, rather branched; leaves smoothish, ovate, rather cordate at the base, running down into bordered footstalks, obscurely crenate ; stipulas free ; sepals smooth, lanceolate, rather obtuse ; 2 lateral petals bearded at the base, lower one acuminated. If. . H. Native of Pennsyl- vania, Virginia, Carolina, and New Jersey, in humid places. Flowers small, white, veined, the lower petal with dark purple. Var. a, cordata (D. C. prod. 1. p. 293.) smoothish. footstalks shorter than the leaves ; scapes twice the length of the leaves. If. . H. Native of North Carolina. V. primulse folia, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 45 ? Schwein. amer. journ. 5. no. 1. p. 48. V. cordata, Wad. ? ex Bosc. Flower blueish, sweet-scented. Var. ft, Boscii (D. C. prod. 1. c.) smoothish ; footstalks almost none ; scapes hardly exceeding the leaves. "if. . H. Native of Carolina. PI. 6 inches high. Cowslip-leaved Violet. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1783. PI. ^ to 3 foot. 23 V. LANCEOLA'TA (Lin. spec. 1323.) stoloniferous ; stigma marginate, beaked ; leaves lanceolate, tapering to both ends ; sti- pulas free ; sepals lanceolate ; 2 lateral petals bearded. 1£. H. Native of North America in humid places. V. lanceolata, Lin. spec, exclusive of the Siberian variety. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 211. Sweet, fl. gard. 174. Flowers white, thelower and lateral petals painted with purple veins. Leaves serrated. Var. ft, leaves ovate, truncate at base. If. . H. Native of Georgia and Carolina. Perhaps a variety of V. primulcefblia. Spear-leaved Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. PI. i foot. 24 V. ATTENUA^TA (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 37.) smooth ; leaves lanceolate, acute, and somewhat serrated, gradually tapering down the petiole ; peduncles scarcely longer than the leaves ; segments of the calyx acute ; petals beardless, 2 upper ones roundish ; stigma recurved, distinctly beaked, capitate, not mar- ginate. !(.. H. Native of North America, from Canada to Pennsylvania, in overflowed meadows. Flowers white, scentless ; the upper petal painted with purple veins. V. lanceolata, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 172. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 150. but not of Lin. A ttenuate-leaved Violet. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1759. PI. £ ft. 25 V. PATRINII (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 293.) stigma triangular, marginated ; trunk of root hardish ; leaves ovate- lanceolate, truncate at the base ; sepals lanceolate ; 2 lateral petals bearded ; stipulas one-half adhering. If. . H. Native of Siberia. V. prunellaefolia, Fisch, in litt. Flowers pale blue. Petioles 3 or 4 times longer than the leaves. Patrin' s Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. PI. | foot. 26 V. LONGISCAPA (D. C. in herb. Lamb.) smooth; stigma? leaves oblong, rounded at both ends, somewhat attenuated at the base, almost entire, or with 1-3 teeth on each side at the base ; peduncles twice the length of the leaves ; sepals ovate- lanceolate, obtuse, entire ; petals all smooth ; spur a hollow pouch, not half the length of the sepals, y.. F. Native of New Holland. Peduncles 8 inches high. Flowers about the size of those of V. bldnda. Long-scaped Violet. PI. -| foot. 27 V. C.KSPITO'SA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 205.) smooth ; leaves oblong, obtuse, crenulate, rounded at the base ; petioles winged, 3-times shorter than the leaf; scapes exceeding the leaves in length ; segments of the calyx lanceolate, acute ; pe- tals obovate, entire, 2 lateral ones bearded. I/ . F. Native of Nepaul, at Chitlong. V. primulsefolia, Hamilt. mss. V. Pa- trmii, y, Nepaulensis, D. C. prod. 293. Flowers violaceous. Tufted Violet. Fl. April. Clt. 1824. PI. -1 foot. 28 V. CHINE'NSIS ; root annual ; leaves oblong-ovate, rather cordate, smooth, crenated, running into the petiole at the base ; peduncles long; petals all beardless. Q. H. Native of China, near Canton, in uncultivated places. Flowers purple, sweet- scented. V. primulsefolia, Lour. Chinese Violet. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ foot. 29 V. ACU TA (Bigel ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 96.) leaves VIOLARIE.E. IV. VIOLA. 323 ovate-lanceolate, bluntish, obsoletely crenated, running down the petiole at the base ; stipulas linear-lanceolate ; petals acute, beardless ; spur very short. 1£ . H. Native of North America, in Massachusetts. Flowers blue ? Stigma unknown. ^cute-leaved Violet. PL -j foot. 30 V. OVA'TA (Nutt. gen. 1. p. 148.) villous; stigma margin- ate ; trunk of root thick, somewhat fleshy ; leaves ovate, subcor- date, rather acute, crenate, usually lacerately toothed at the base, tapering abruptly into the footstalk, which is therefore winged, conspicuously pubescent on either side ; scape shorter than the leaves ; sepals lanceolate ; stipulas lanceolate, long ; petals obovate, the two lateral ones bearded. Tf.. H. Native on dry hills from Canada to Virginia ; abundant near Philadelphia, on the shelving rocks which border the Schuylkill ; also in sandy fields of New Jersey. V. primulaefolia, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 173. Bigel. fl. bost. 59. V. ciliata, Muhl. V. timbriatula, Smith in Rees' cycl. Flowers bright blue, large. Var. fl, Behisiana, (D. C. prod. 1. p. 294.) very hairy ; foot- stalks hardly any ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; flowers smaller than in var. a. Native of the higher mountains of Vir- ginia. Ovate-leaved Violet. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1783. PL | ft. 31 V. SPATULA' TA (Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 798.) leaves spatulate, almost sessile, nearly entire, and are, as well as the scapes, hoary-villous ; spur short, bluntish ; stigma unknown. y.. H. Native of Persia. Spatulate -leaved Violet. PI. 5 foot. 32 V. SAGITTA'TA (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 287.) stigma margin- ate ; trunk of root fibrous ; leaves ciliated, oblong, sagittately- cordate at the base, subserrated, and cut at the base, sometimes slightly pubescent ; stipulas free ; sepals smooth, lanceolate, acute ; petals obovate, the 2 lateral ones bearded at the base. If. . H. Native on dry hills from New England to Virginia. Flowers blue ; lower petal white towards the bottom, with purple veins ; the rest longer, narrower, and white towards the base. There is a variety of this plant, with the base of the leaves truncate, arid tapering more or less abruptly at the base, pubescent. V. sagit- taefolia, Sal. prod. 130. Sepals emarginate behind. Var. ft, emarginata (Nutt. gen. 1. p. 147.) leaves triangu- larly-cordate, or hastate, lacerately toothed near the base, and running into a narrow margin on the petiole, under surface gla- brous, upper surface usually pubescent ; scapes longer than the leaves ; petals obovate, all emarginate and bidentate, lowest cucullate, the 3 lower, and sometimes the 2 upper, pubescent ; stigma beaked, depressed horizontally, marginate around. Ij. . H. Native of New Jersey, in sandy fields, near Philadelphia, and also on the banks of the Schuylkill. Flowers of a fine deep blue. Arrow-leaved Violet. Fl. Apr. July. Clt. 1775. PI. £ ft. 33 V. EMARGINA'TA (Le Conte in ann. lye. new york, 2. p. 142.) smooth ; leaves rather succulent, oblong-ovate, cordate, toothed, sometimes ciliated, superior ones unequally and deeply- toothed at the base, and usually running into the petiole at the base, with the mid-rib very prominent ; petioles sometimes rather villous ; peduncles tetragonal, longer than the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, acute, emarginate behind ; petals all emar- ginate, villous, lower as well as lateral petals bearded. If. . H. Native of North America in dry woods, from New Jersey to Carolina. V. dentata, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 172. V. sagittata, var. 7, dentata, Schwein. amer. journ. no. 2. D. C. prod. 1. p. 294. Flowers blue, white at the base, upper petal with a few purple veins. Emarginate-petatted Violet. Fl. April, June. Clt. PI. £ foot. 34 V. BETONIOEFO'LIA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 7.) plant rather downy ; stigma triangular, marginated ; trunk of root ligneous, almost simple, blackish ; leaves smoothish, or slightly downy, linear oblong, obtuse, regularly crenate, cordate, slightly dilated at the bottom, abruptly tapering into the base ; stipulas free ; sepals lanceolate ; capsule oblong, trigonal, with somewhat ob- tuse valves ; seeds turbinate, brownish-red when ripe. If. . G. Native of New Holland, at Botany Bay and Port Jackson. V. longifolia, R. Br. ined. Flowers apparently light purple, not much veined. Scapes always densely downy, longer than the leaves. Betony-leaved Violet. FL Apr. July. Clt. 1820. PI. | ft. * Roots somewhat fusiform. 35 PHIU'PPICA (Cav. icon. rar. 6. p. 19. t. 529. f. 2.) stigma marginate ; roots fusiform, almost simple ; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, crenate, rather villous on the under surface, tapering ab- ruptly at the base into a shorter footstalk ; stipulas adnate ; sepals ovate-lanceolate ; petals ovate, obtuse ; seeds almost glo- bose, brownish-red. If. . F. Native of the islands of Manila and Luzon, amongst stones. Scapes double the length of the leaves, with 2 linear opposite bracteas in the middle of each. Differing from F. betoniccefblia in the form of the roots, and from V. Gmeliniana in the form of the leaves, and straight, not re- curved spur. Flowers of a violaceous-red colour. Philippin Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? PI. | foot. 36 V. GMELINIA'NA (Rcem. and Schult. syst. 5. p. 354.) stig- ma marginate ; roots fusiform, almost simple ; leaves obovate- oblong, hairy, tapering into the footstalk at the base ; stipulas adnate, ciliated? sepals ovate-oblong, rather obtuse. If.. H. Native in dry places in Dahuria and Siberia. V. fusiformis, Smith, in Rees' cycl. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 99. t. 49. f. 2. Flowers pale blue or purple, larger than those of V. lanceolata. Var. (3, scorpiuri/olia (D. C. prod. 1 . p. 294.) rather hispid ; sepals acuminate, longer than in var. a ; leaves obovate-oblong ; capsules ovate-trigonal, rather obtuse ; seeds dark reddish, with a white caruncle at the base. If.. H. Native of Siberia, at Nerschinsky-sawod, Fisch. Var. 7, elongata (Ging. mss.) leaves cordately elliptical, i; . H. Native of humid places near Irkoutck. Gmel. fl. sib. 4. p. 99. Var. S, cordifblia (Ging. mss.) leaves cordate ; sepals acumi- nate. %. H. Native on the Ural mountains. V. suavis, Fisch, in litt. Roots subdivided. Stigma depressed. Perhaps a species ? Gmelin's Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PL | foot. * * * * Roots (or rhizomas) jointed. 37 V. PALU'STRIS (Lin. spec. 1324.) stigma marginate; roots articulated, scaly ; leaves cordately kidney-shaped, smooth ; stipulas broad-ovate, acuminated ; sepals ovate-obtuse ; 2 lateral petals with a hairy central line ; capsules oblong, trigonal ; seeds ovoid dark-greenish. If. . H. Native throughout Europe, in mossy bogs and humid meadows ; plentiful in Britain, chiefly, though not exclusively, in the northern and mountainous coun- ties. Var. a, vulgaris (D. C. prod. 1. p. 294.) flowers pale blue ; petals obovate. V. palustris, Smith, eng. bot. t. 444. Curt, lond. fasc. 3. t. 58. Var. fl, Pennsylvanica (D. C. prod. 1. c.) flowers purplish ; petals almost orbicular. If. . H. Native of North America. V. cucullata, Bigel. in litt. Perhaps a distinct species. Marsh Violet. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. £ foot. 38 V. BLA'NDA (Nutt. gen. 1. p. 150.) stigma capitate, mar- ginate ; roots jointed ; leaves cordatcly-kidney-shaped, slightly pubescent on the under surface, pressed to the ground ; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, acute ; sepals linear-oblong, obtuse ; pt-tals smooth. 2£.H. Native of North America, in wet places and bog- meadows, from New York to Carolina. V. blanda, Willd. hort. berl. l.t. 24. ? Flowers white, with a few blue lines, sweet-scented. Pretty Violet. FL May, July. Clt. 1802. PI. 4 foot. Tt2 324 VIOLARIE^E. IV. VIOLA. 39 V. ROTUNDIFO'LIA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 150.) stig- ma capitate, round, recurved at the apex, but without a beak ; roots jointed, scaly ; leaves large and round, constantly pressed to the ground, with pubescent petioles, with the recess becoming at length closed, under surface glabrous ; stipulas subulate-lan- ceolate ; sepals oblong, narrow, obtuse ; 2 lateral petals bearded and striated; spur almost obliterated. I/. H. Native near Philadelphia, on the shady banks of Wishahikon-creek, always under the shade of A' Vies Canadensis ; it has been found in simi- lar situations in North Carolina. The flowers are of a pale yellow, and appear before the complete expansion of the leaves upon short peduncles ; the 2 lateral petals are a little bearded, and striated with 3 stripes upon each, the uppermost one inter- rupted by a line of pubescence, the lowest petal very small, and also striated ; the stripes are bifid, and crossed by two callous converging lines near the base. Far. fi,pdtlens (Banks, herb, et D. C. prod. 1. p. 295.) gla- brous ; sepals acuminated. 7/ . H. Native of Labrador and Kamtschatka. Perhaps the same as var. a ? or perhaps a distinct species. Round-leaved Violet. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1800. PI. Afoot. 40 V. CLANDESTI'NA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 173.) stigma marginate ? roots jointed, scaly ; leaves almost orbicular, blunt- ish, crenate-serrated, these serratures are glandular ; peduncles branched, 2-8-flowered ; petals linear, scarcely longer than the calyx. I/ . H. Native on the high mountains of Pennsylvania, in shady beech-woods, among rotten wood, and rich vegetable mould. This singular species differs from all the rest, in produc- ing its flowers as it were under-ground, as they always are covered with rotten wood or leaves ; they are of a chocolate brown, very small ; the seed-vessel buries itself still deeper in the ground, and is large in proportion to the plant. The inhabitants know it by the name of Heal-all, being used by them in curing all kinds of wounds or sores. Pursh. According to Bigelow, the flowers are at first large yellow, but when the leaves become stately, or at a later period of growth, it produces small incon- spicuous greenish flowers, and creeping stolons. Clandestine Violet. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1800. PI. £ foot. 41 V. VILLO'SA (Walt. fl. carol, p. 2 12.) pubescent; stigma not margined all round, beaked ; trunk of root oblique, wrinkled ; leaves roundish-cordate, crenate-serrated, pubescent on both sur- faces ; sepals oblong ; stipulas lanceolate, toothed ; lower petal beardless, 2 lateral ones bearded ; capsules smoothish. If.. H. Native of North America, on shady hills. Schwein. amer.journ. 5. no. 1. spec. 9. Flowers blue, elegantly striped and bearded with yellow down. Leaves purplish beneath, lying on the ground. Villous Violet. Fl. June, July ? PI. | foot. 42 V. LECONTEA'NA ; smooth ; leaves ovate, acuminated, crenated, sometimes rather villous above ; petioles long, spotted with red ; peduncles somewhat tetragonal, equal with or higher than the leaves, spotted ; flowers sweet-scented ; sepals lanceo- late ; petals all entire, green at the base, lateral ones sometimes rather pubescent at the base. If. . H. Native of North Ame- rica in humid woods, in the state of New York and New Jersey, and from Pennsylvania to Virginia. V. obliqua, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 172? V. amce'na, Le Conte, ann. lye. new york, 2. p. 144. Flowers white, with purple and yellow veins. Le Conte's Violet. Fl. April, May. Clt. PI. | foot. 43 V. SORO KIA (Willd. hort. berl. 1. t. 72.) stigma depressed, not margined all round, beaked ; leaves orbicularly-cordate, crenate-serrate, under surface glabrous, usually violaceous, up- per surface villous ; stipulas minute, awl.-shaped ; petals oblong, lower and 2 lateral ones bearded. 7/ . H. Native of Penn- sylvania, &c. in overflowed meadows. V. cordifolia, Schwein and Torrey. V. villosa, Nutt. gen. 1. p. 148. Flower reddish- blue, white at the base. Petioles and scapes hairy. Far. ft, Nuttdllii ; petals obovate ; leaves thickish, cordate, acutish, lying on the ground ; sepals short and narrow, smooth. 11. H. Native in woods on the banks of Schuylkill, near Philadelphia. Peduncles longer than the leaves. V. vil!6sa ft, cordifolia, Nutt. gen. 1. p. 148. Sister Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1802. PI. i foot. 44 V. CORDA'TA (Walt. car. p. 219.) stigma? Leaves broad- cordate, acute, crenated, smooth ; peduncles very long ; sepals acute; lateral petals bearded. i;.H. Native of North America. Flowers blue ? Cordate-leaved Violet. PL | foot. 45 V. A'SPEEA (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 295.) rather hispid ; stigma recurved, with a shortish beak, somewhat de- pressed at the top, naked ; leaves profoundly cordate, crenate, pubescent, longer than the scapes ; sepals linear, obtuse, hairy ; stipulas setosely jagged ; petals oval, 2 lateral ones much bearded ; nectaries conical, falcate. TJ. . F. Native of Upper Nipaul. Very like F. hlrta, but differing in the form of the stigma. Flowers cream-coloured or almost white. A dwarf tufted herb. Rough Violet. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1824. PI. | foot. 46 V. SE'RPENS (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 449.) smoothish ; stigma marginate ? stems slender ; leaves profoundly-cordate ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; stipulas lanceolate, toothed ; flowers minute ; 2 lateral petals bearded in the middle ; spur short, very blunt. I/. F. Native of Nipaul. Perhaps the same as F. repent. Buchan in herb. Lamb. ? Flowers white, with a feeble blue tinge, scentless. Creeping Violet. Fl. April, June ? PI. ^- foot. § 2. Stigmas convex, immarginate below. * Capsules turgid-roundish. Stems almost wanting. 47 V. JAPO'NICA (Langsdorff, ex Fisch. in litt.) glabrous ; leaves cordate ; stipulas linear-lanceolate, jagged ; sepals lan- ceolate, acute ; spur thick, obtuse, straight, one half shorter than the petals. I^.H. Native of Japan near Nagasaki. V. odorata, Thunb. fl. jap. 326 ? Flowers blue. Japan Violet. Fl. Ap. Jul. Clt. 1818. PI. ^ to | foot. 48 V. CANE'SCENS (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 450.) plant stemless, clothed with glaucous pubescence ; leaves cordately-reniform, obtuse, stipulas fringed with long ciliae ; peduncles erect, longer than the leaves ; sepals linear, acute ; petals thrice as long as the calyx, the upper two wedge-shaped and puberulous at the base, two lateral ones rather narrower and bearded at the base. If. . F. Native in Nipaul on Mount Nag-Urjoon. Flowers small, scentless, pale violet. Style flattish. Canescent Violet. Fl. March, April. PI. •£• foot. 49 V. HI'RTA (Lin. spec. 1324.) plant villous or pubescent ; stigma hooked, acute, naked ; leaves cordate ; sepals ovate, obtuse, with ciliated margins ; stipulas with glandular teeth ; 2 lateral petals bearded along the middle ; spur somewhat coni- cal ; nectaries glabrous ; capsules turgid, hairy ; seeds turgid, brown. I/ . H. Native almost throughout the whole of Europe in groves and thickets. In England in Oxfordshire, Cambridge- shire, Essex, and Kent ; at Marham, Norfolk ; near Bury, Suf- folk ; on St. Vincent's Rocks, Bristol, on a chalky or limestone soil. Smith, engl. bot. t. 894. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 1. t. 64. Fl. dan. t. 618. Flowers light greyish-blue, streaked with black, scentless. Scapes taller than the leaves, furnished with 2 narrow opposite bracteas below the middle. Stolons short, not rooting. This plant varies much in habit as well as in the shape of the leaves according to soil and situation. Far. ft, alpma (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves broad-cordate, with a VIOLARIEjE. IV. VIOLA. 325 short acumen ; violaceous beneath the footstalks. 2£ . H. Na- tive in the Alps of Savoy at St. Bernard. There is a variety with the sinus more or less cut, and with the footstalks more or less dilated at the apex. Var. •/, dlba (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves cordate, very minute ; flowers white ; spur lilac. If. . H. Native on dry meadows. Seeds turgid, brown. Later leaves largest. Var. S, scabra (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves acuminated ; sepals acute, ex Braun. 'Jf.H. Native about Salzburg. V. scabra, Braun. in flora, 1820. p. 469. Hairy Violet. Fl. April, May. Britain. PI. | to •£ foot. 50 V. AMBI'GUA (Walds. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 190.) stoloni- ferous leaves smooth, oblong-cordate ; lobes inflexed, cucullate ; sepals obtuse; 2 lateral petals bearded. Tf.. H. Native of Hungary and Germany. Flowers blueish. Petioles winged. Ambiguous Violet. Fl. April, June. PI. creeping. 51 V. CAMPE'STRIS (Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 171.) stigma hooked, naked ; leaves cordate, oblong, hairy ; 2 lateral petals bearded in the middle ; stolons none. I/ . H. Native of Tauria and Iberia in meadows and fields. V. hirta, Pall. ined. Perhaps the same as V, Pyreriiaca and V, colllna. Besser, cat. hort. crem. anno. 1816. p. 151. Very like V. hirta, but the leaves are narrower, less hairy, and on shorter petioles. Flowers truly sweet-scented, pale-purple. V. hirta (3, fragrans, D. C. prod. 1. p. 295. Sepals obtuse. Root perpendicular. Field Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. PI. £ foot. 52 V. PYRENI'ACA (Ramond, in D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 803.) stigma hooked, naked ; leaves broad, somewhat cordate ; footstalks dilated at the apex ; sepals ovate, obtuse. 7f. H. Native of the Pyrenees on rocks. Flowers blue, sweet-scented. This is not a variety of V. palustris nor of V. canlna, but probably the same as V. hirta, var. alpina ? Seeds unknown. Pyrenean Violet. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1817. PI. £ foot. 53 V. HU'MILIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 369. t. 492. f. 1.) very smooth ; leaves roundish-ovate, obtuse, rounded at the base, truly cordate ;. stipulas dentately ciliated at the apex ; -calyxes acutish ; stigma hooked, acute ; petals all smooth ; ovary smooth ; spur short, rounded, spreading, with the appendages rounded at the apex, one half shorter than the cells of anthers, y. . F. Native of Mexico near Real del Monte, at the height of 3218 feet. Flowers white, with yellow veins. Dwarf Violet. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1824. PL | foot. 54 V. HOOKERIANA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 369. t. 492. f. 2.) very smooth ; leaves kidney-shaped, pro- foundly cordate ; stipulas dentately-ciliated ; calyxes acute ; stigma hooked, truncate at the apex ; petals all smooth ; ovary smooth ; spur short, rounded, with the appendages rounded at the apex, one half shorter than the cells of anthers. If. F. Gathered along with V. humilis. Flowers violaceous. Hooker's Violet. PI. £ foot. 55 V. ODORA'TA (Lin. spec. 1324.) stigma hooked, naked; leaves roundish-cordate, crenate, smoothish ; sepals ovate, ob- tuse ; 2 lateral petals with a hairy line ; spur very blunt ; cap- sules turgid, hairy ; seeds turbinate, whitish ; stolons long, creeping, and rooting. I/ . H. Native in groves and hedges almost throughout the whole of Europe, and in Siberia, China, and Japan? In Britain frequent. Smith, engl. bot. t. 894. Curt, fl. lond. fasc. 1. t. 63. Fl. dan. t. 309. Sturn. deutch. fl. icon, good. Flowers sweet-scented, resembling that of orise-root or Mignonette. M. Boullay has discovered Fioline, which exists in all parts of the plant. It is an alkaline substance, and forms salts by its union with acids ; it is soluble in alcohol, but hardly so in water. It is procured in the form of yellow powder. This substance is very active and poisonous according to M. Orfila. Far. a, vulgaris (D. C. prod. 1. p. 296.) flowers deep-pur- plish-blue, pale and streaked in the mouth. The flowers of this plant impart their colour and flavour to aqueous liquors ; a syrup made from the infusion has long had a place in the shops, and is said to be an agreeable and useful laxative for children, but it is chiefly valued as a delicate test of the presence of un- combined acids or alkalies, the former changing its blue to a red, and the latter to a green. There can be no doubt but this is the lov iropijtvpeov of Dioscorides, who speaks of the ivy-like leaves and very sweet-scented purple flowers, which he recom- mends for sore throats and for children in the falling sickness. Far. ft, ceerulea (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 37.) flowers blue. Far. y,purpureo-plena (Sweet, 1. c.) flowers double, purple. Far. S, cceruleo-plena (Sweet, 1. c.) flowers double, blue. Far. t, p&llido-plena (Sweet, 1. c.) flowers double, pale-blue. This variety is commonly called Neapolitan Violet in gardens. Var. £, alba (D. C. prod. 1. p. 296.) flowers white. Plentiful about Dorking in Surrey, in hedges. V. alba, Bess. fl. gall. 1. p. 171. This is probably a distinct species. Var. T), albo-plena (Sweet, 1. c.) flowers double, white. Far. i, variegata (D. C. prod. 1. c.) flowers variegated, Tourn. inst. 419. Far. \, cornuta; all the petals horned, like that of Linaria pi- loria. Sweet-scented Violet. Fl. Mar. May. Brit. PI. J ft. trailing. 56 V. SUA'VIS (Bieb. suppl. p. 162.) stigma hooked, naked; leaves reniform-cordate, crenate, pubescent ; sepals obtuse ; 4 upper petals narrowest, lower one emarginate, 2 lateral ones with a hairy line ; stolons long, creeping, and rooting. 1£ . H. Native of Tauria. Flowers pale-blue, white at the base, sweet- scented. Sweet Violet. Fl. Mar. May. Clt. 1820. PL £ foot. * * Capsules oblong, trigonal. Perhaps the 2 lateral petals of all are bearded. •f Stems herbaceous. 57 V. KROKEVRI (Gmel. syst. 412.) stigma hooked; stem procumbent ; leaves cordately kidney-shaped, bluntish ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; capsule trigonal, pubescent. % . H. Native of Bohemia. V. purpurascens, Schm. fl. boh. 1. centlS. p. 49. t. 3 1 1 . Flowers purplish. Kroker's Violet. FL May, June. Clt. 1 820. PL procumbent. 58 V. ULIGINO'SA (Bess. prim. fl. gall. 169.) stigma somewhat reflexed, naked ; stems stoloniferous, and are as well as the foot- stalks glabrous ; leaves ovate, obtuse, somewhat cordate at the base; spur short, conical; sepals obtuse. If. H. Native of Parma, also of Carniolia, Carinthia, Lusatia in bogs. V. uligi- nosa, Schrad. in Rcem. et Schult. syst. p. 357. ; but this plant is said by Link to be without runners. Perhaps F. scaturiginbsa, Wallr. sched. 1. p. 97.? Flower purplish. Petals naked. Swamp Violet. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. PI. | foot. 59 V. LANGSDO'RFFII (Fisch. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 296.) stigma marginate ? somewhat reflexed, obtuse ; stems at length elongated, with the base oblique ; leaves roundish-cordate, smoothish ; stipulas ovate, setaceously acuminated, and with bristly teeth at the base ; sepals ovate, rather acute ; limb of lower petal somewhat rhomboidal ; spur broadly saccate, very blunt. If. H. Native of the island of Unalaschka. Flowers blue. Far. a , almost stemless ; capsules oblong-trigonal, obtuse ; seeds large, somewhat pear-shaped, brown. V. odorata, var. in herb. Banks. Far. ft ; caulescent? V. peduncularis, Langsdorff ex Fisch. in litt. Langsdorff's Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. | foot 60 V. MIRA'BILIS (Lin. spec. 1326.) stigma somewhat re- flexed, naked ; stems rigid and are as well as footstalks villous ; 326 VIOLARIE^E. IV. VIOLA. leaves smooth, cordately kidney-shaped, acuminated, crenate; sti- pulas awl-shaped, entire ; 3 large sepals, oblong-acuminate ; spur cylindrical, obtuse, long ; valves of capsule very much pointed ; seeds pear-shaped, brown. Tf.. H. Native of woods and bushy places of mountains nearly throughout the whole of the tempe- rate and colder parts of Europe, particularly Germany and Sweden, also of Siberia. Flowers pale blue ; the lower petal streaked with violaceous veins. The specific name alludes to the fruit being produced by apparently imperfect flowers, but this occurs in several other species of Violet. Var. a, caulescens (D. C. prod. 1. p. 297.) radical flowers corollate, usually abortive, cauline ones petalless, bearing seeds. Jacq. fl. aust. 1. p. 19. Dill. elth. 408. t. 303. f. 390. Far. ft, acaulis (D. C. prod. 1. c.) peduncles all radical, Gmel. fl. bad. 3. p. 519. in obs. Wonderful Violet. Fl. July, August. Clt. 1732. PI. 1 to 1| foot. 61 V. MAGELLA'NICA (Forst. in comm. Goett. 9. p. 41. t. 8.) stigma ? stem very short ; leaves kidney-shaped, hairy ; stipulas lanceolate, acute, entire ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminated ; spur saccate. I/ . F. Native of the Straits of Magellan. Flowers large, yellow, streaked with brown veins. Petals smooth on the inside, or the 2 lateral ones are bearded. Spur short, blunt. Magellan Violet. PI. £ foot. 62 V. MACULA' TA (Cav. icon. 6. p. 20. t. 539.) stigma rather flat at the apex; stem short; leaves ovate, crenate, smooth, spotted beneath ; stipulas ovate, fringed ; sepals lanceolate, acuminated ; stamens emarginate at the apex ; spur short, ob- tuse. 1^. F. Native of Chili as well as of the Straits of Ma- gellan. Petals much bearded on the inside with clubbed pili, the large petal obcordate, streaked with red lines. Flowers yellow. In the specimens we have seen the leaves are cordate and the 2 lateral petals bearded. Var. /3, megaphylla (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 297.) trunk of root long, terete ; leaves elliptical or roundish-ovate. If. . F. Native in woods at Duclos Bay, in the Straits of Magellan. V. pyrolaefolia, var. a, Poir. diet. 8.p 636, exclusive of the country. V. glandulosa, Dombey. herb. V. lutea megaphyllos, Commers. Spotied-\ea\ed Violet. PI. | foot. 63 V. MICROPHY'LLA (Poir. diet. 8. p. 636.) stigma rather flat at the apex ; stem none ; trunk of root very short ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, crenulated, thickish, pubescent ; petioles stipu- late at the base ; scape filiform, exceeding the leaves ; sepals acute ; lateral petals bearded ; spur obtuse. If. . F. Native of Patagonia on hills about Boucault Bay. V. pyrolaefolia, Poir. diet. 1. c. V. lutea microphyllos, Commers. herb. Flowers yellow. Small-leaved Violet. PI. \ foot. 64 V. COMMERSO'NII (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 297.) stig- ma — ? stem very short ; stipulas broad-ovate, entire ? sepals oblong-lanceolate, bluntish. If. . F. Native on the higher mountains in the Straits of Magellan, above Fort Gallant. Flowers white. Lateral petals bearded ? Commerson's Violet. PI. ^ foot. 65 V. RA'DICANS (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 297.) trunk of root horizontal, fibry ; stigma marginate, short- beaked ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, tapering abruptly at the base or somewhat cordate, serrated ; stipulas linear, awl-shaped, with bristly ser- ratures ; sepals linear, acute ; flowers minute ; petals beardless ? lower one smaller ; spur almost none, i; . H. Native of South Carolina. Flowers yellowish ? or blue. Rooting Violet. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1823. PL -| foot. 66 V. GLANDULIFERA (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 452.) stigma ? stems erect, very slender ; leaves broad, kidney-shaped, toothed, hairy, dotted with glands underneath, the lower ones shorter than the petioles, the uppermost much longer ; peduncles axil- lary, as long or longer than the footstalks ; stipulas ovate, entire, glandular ; spur very short. If. . H. Native of the frigid re- gions of Gosaingsthan. Perhaps belonging to this section. Gland-bearing Violet. Fl. July. PL | foot. 67 V. HAMILTONIA'NA (D. Don. fl. nep. p. 206.) plant smooth ; stems creeping ; leaves kidney-shaped, crenulated ; sti- pulas lanceolate, acute, toothed ; peduncles hardly longer than the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; spur short ; throat bearded. If. . F. Native in Nipaul. Perhaps belonging to this section. Hamilton's Violet. PI. i foot. 68 V. ARCUA'TA (Blum, bijdr. ex. Schlecht. Liniuea. 1. p. 645.) stems decumbent, smooth ; leaves kidney-shaped-orbicular, acutish, serrated, with the veins pubescent ; stipulas ovate-ob- long, ciliated, 3-nerved, somewhat serrated at the base. 1£ . S. Native of Java. Flowers blue ? Stigma unknown. Arched Violet. PI. decumbent. 69 V. INCOKSPI'CUA (Blum. 1. c.) style incurved ; capsules el- liptically-trigonal ; radical leaves hastately-cordate, crenulated, tapering a little into the petiole. If. . S. Native of Java. Per- haps this and the preceding belong to section Leptidium. Inconspicuous Violet. PI. ^ foot. 70 V. STRIA'TA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 3. p. 290.) stig- ma papillose, rather reflexed, with a bluntish beak ; stems branched, flexuous ; leaves ovate-cordate, acuminated, smoothish ; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, dentately-jagged ; sepals ovate-lanceo- late, ciliated, emarginate behind ; capsules shortish, with rather obtuse valves, 3-7-seeded. Seeds roundish, rufous. %. H. Native in woods from Pennsylvania to Carolina. V. debilis, Mich, not of Pursh, many species are confused under V. striata. See Schwein. amer. journ. Flowers whitish streaked with pur- ple veins. Two lateral petals bearded. Streaked-fiowered Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1772. PI. -| ft. 71 V. DICHO'TOMA (Moc. et Sesse, mex. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 297.) stigma? stem dichotomous ; branches spread- ing ; leaves cordate ; stipulas oblong, setosely-jagged at the top ; sepals lanceolate, acute. Tj.. G. Native of Mexico. Very nearly allied to V. striata. Flower violaceous. V. peduncu- lata, Lamb. herb. Dichotcmous-branched Violet. PI. 1 foot. 72 V. OCHROLEU'CA (Schwein. amer. journ. 1. c.) stigma tubu- lar, curved a little, pubescent on the summit, stems assurgent ; leaves cordate, acuminated, serrated, with the nerves rather pubescent on the under side ; stipulas oblong, large, remotely toothed ; sepals very narrow-lanceolate, acuminated ; flowers large ; lateral petals densely bearded ; spur long. If . H. Na- tive of North America, along the river called Dam-river, and in the Saura mountains, but according to Pursh, from Pennsylvania to Virginia in shady woods. Flowers cream-coloured, with pur- ple veins. V. striata, Pursh. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 174. Nutt. gen. 1. p. 150. Perhaps only a variety of V. striata. Cream-coloured-flowered Violet. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1772, PI. | foot. 73 V. MUHLEXBERGIA'NA (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 297.) stems flexuous, assurgent, simple ; leaves cordate-orbicu- lar, acuminated, crenated, smooth ; spur very short, obtuse, sti- pulas oblong, toothed ; sepals subulate ; lateral petals bearded ; root fascicular. If. . H. Native of Pennsylvania and New Jer- sey. V. uliginosaex Muhl. cat. no. 18, not of Schrad. nor Bess. See Schwein. 1. c. Perhaps a variety of V. dichotoma. V. con- spersa, Reichb. Flowers blueish. Spur long, obtuse. Stigma beaked, ciliated below. Muhlenberg's Violet. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. ? Pit. f foot. 74 V. LEWISIA'NA (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 298.) stems decumbent, stoloniferous ; leaves kidney-shaped and cor- date ; stipulas large, ovate, very long and densely ciliated ; flowers small, lower petal very minute, equal with the lateral VIOLARIE^E. IV. VIOLA. 327 ones, which are furnished each with a white beard ; spur shortish. T(.. H. Native of North America, on rocks in the Saura mountains. V. repens, Schwein. 1. c. Flowers cream- coloured. Lewis's Violet. PI. decumbent. 75 V. RIVINIANA (Rchb. icon. t. 75. 94, 95.) stem erect, branched ; leaves profoundly cordate, ovate, crenated, pubes- cent above ; stipulas linear, fringed ; peduncles elongated ; supe- rior appendages of calyx angular, permanent ; capsule acute. %. H. Native of Europe in groves. This species differs from V. canina in the stipulas being finely fringed and the leaves being profoundly cordate, as well as in the capsule being acute. Perhaps V. sylveslris of Kit. and V. cordata of Willd. are iden- tical with this species. Spur curved ? Rivinus's Violet. Fl. April, Aug. PL \ foot. 76 V. CANINA (Lin. spec. 1324.) stigma papillose, somewhat reflexed ; adult stems ascending, branched, glabrous ; leaves ob- long, heart-shaped ; stipulas acuminated, serrated, or finely jag- ged ; bracteas awl-shaped, entire ; sepals awl-shaped ; peduncles glabrous ; capsules elongated, with acuminated valves ; seeds pear-shaped, brown. Tj. . H. Native in woods, hedges, thickets, and heathy grounds nearly throughout the whole of Europe, Ja- pan, Persia, and the North-west coast of North America ; also in the Canary Islands ; common in Britain. Smith, eng. bot. t. 620. Curt. lond. fasc. 2. t. 61. fl. dan. t. 1453. V. sylvestris, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. C80. V. neglecta, Schm. fl. boh. no. 1. p. 51. t. 313. but not of Bieb. There are many varieties of this plant differing in height and form of leaves. Flowers blue, with purple lines in the mouth, and a greenish, white, abrupt spur. Var. /3, minor (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 617.) stem very short ; leaves kidney-heart-shaped, smoothish. "if. . H. Native of the Pyrenees and Swiss Alps. Var. y, dlba (D. C. prod. 1. p. 298.) flowers white, y.. H. Native of Britain. V. canina flore albo, Dill, in Ray's synops. 364? Var. S, macrdntha (D. C. prod. 1. p. 298.) flowers twice or thrice larger than in the other varieties. Var, E ? Japbmca (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves scarcely cordate at the base. Tf.. H. Native of Japan near Nagasaki. Dog Violet. Fl. Apr. Aug. Britain. PL | to | foot. 77 V. FLAVICORNIS (Smith, engl. fl. 1. p. 304.) stigma — ? stems ascending, woody, somewhat angular, much branched ; leaves cordate, coriaceous, smooth and even ; stipulas and brac- teas fringed ; sepals lanceolate ; peduncles erect; capsules shorter and rounder than in V. canina. If. . H. Native of England in pastures, and on banks in a gravelly soil, about Mitcham, Surrey, and Norwich. Dill, in Ray's synops. 3C4. t. 24. f. 1. Flowers half the size of V. canina, of a rather deeper blue, with a short, blunt, yellowish spur. Yellow-spurred Violet. Fl. May, Jun. England. PL -| foot. 78 V. NEGLE'CTA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 172.) stigma — ? stem erect, angular ; leaves cordate, smooth, with rather scabrous margins ; flowers all corollate ; stipulas toothed on one side only ; peduncles furnished with bracteas in the middle. If. . H. Native ofTauria on the high mountains of Tschaturdag and Agudag, in woods. Larger than V. canina, and the flowers are constantly white. Neglected Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1817. PL i foot. 79 V. EPI'PSILA (Ledeb. in Link, enum. 1. p. 241.) stigma flat, with an incurved beak ; stem trailing ; leaves cordate-round- ish, scarcely acuminated, glabrous ; segments of calyx obtuse, drawn out at the base into bearded auricles ; spur short, blunt. If. . H. Native of Siberia. Corolla pale blue, with the 2 lateral petals slightly bearded. The name is probably derived from nri, upon, and ^tXt/coj, naked, lightly armed, in allusion to the sepals being bearded. //airy-sepalled Violet. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1822. PL £ foot. 80 V. PALMA'HIS (Hamilt. mss. ined. and D. C. prod. 1 p. 298. D. Don, prod. p. 205.) stigma — ? stems branched ; branches weak, sarmentose ; leaves cordate, acuminated, cre- nated, rather pilose, on long petioles ; stipulas linear-lanceolate, somewhat serrated ; sepals lanceolate, acute, glabrous, bidentate at the base; petals elliptical, puberulous above; spur saccate. %. F. Native of Nipaul at Narainhetty, and near Bheempedi. Flowers yellow. Hand- high Violet. Fl. Apr. Dec. Clt. 1824. PL | foot. 81 V. ADU'NCA (Smith, in Rees' cycl.) stigma — ? stem sim- ple, ascending ; leaves somewhat heart-shaped, obtuse, crenate, downy, dotted ; stipulas fringed ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; nectaries hooked ; sepals much drawn out at the base ; spur long, recurved ; two lateral petals downy at the base. Tf. . H. Native of North America on the west coast. Habit of V. canina, and the whole herb is minutely speckled like it, but is easily distinguished by the strongly recurved spur, as well as in the whole plant being more or less downy. Flowers blue ? Hooked- spurred Violet. PL ^ foot. 82 V. DIFFU SA (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 298.) stigma somewhat capitate, with a very short, blunt, naked, beak ; stems simple, decumbent ; leaves ovate, crenate, tapering into the footstalks, with the nerves and margins pilose ; stipulas lanceolate, toothed, ciliated ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; nectaries broad at the base, emarginate above on the outside. "if. . F. Native of Nipaul. Very like V. Nuttallii of Pursh. Flowers yellow. Diffuse Violet. PI. £ foot. 83 V. PURPURA'SCENS (Schmidt, fl. boh. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 799.) stem procumbent ; leaves reniform, cordate, bluntish ; calyx acute; capsule pubescent; spur short, blunt. I/. H. Native of Bohemia. Flowers purplish. Stigma unknown. Purplish Violet. PL procumbent. 84 V. FRA GRANS (Sieb. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 799.) stem simple, 1 -flowered ; leaves spatulate-oblong, stalked, nerveless, rather villous ; sepals acute ; spur short. T(. . H. Native of Crete. Flowers blue ? sweet-scented. Stigma unknown. Fragrant Violet. PL J foot. 85 V. ROSTRA'TA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 174.) stigma beaked ; beak somewhat erect, acute, naked ; stems simple, de- cumbent ; leaves cordate, glabrous, serrated ; stipulas lanceolate, awl-shaped, serrately- ciliated, glabrous ; spur straight, obtuse, longer than the corolla. If. . H. Native on shady rocks near Easttown, Pennsylvania, and on the Alleghany mountains. Flowers pale-blue, externally purple ; petals all beardless ; stigma clavate, without a beak. (Nutt.) Peduncles long. Beaked-spurred Violet. FL May, June. PL J foot. 86 V. DE'BILIS (Pursh, fl. amer. sept 1. p. 174. not of Michx.) stigma papillose, recurved, beaked ; stems almost sim- ple, decumbent ; leaves reniform-cordate, acutish, smoothish, serrulate or crenate ; stipulas lanceolate, serrate-ciliated ; sepals lanceolate, glabrous ; petals oblong, 2 lateral ones bearded ; spur long. 3£. H. Native in low grounds from Pennsylvania to Ca- rolina. V. canina, Walt. fl. carol. 219. Flower small, pale-blue. Weak-stemmed Violet. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. PL i foot. 87 V. ARENA' RIA (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 806.) glaucous, pubes- cent ; stigma papillose, somewhat recurved ; stems simple, rather erect ; leaves cordate-roundish ; stipulas erect, ciliately- serrated ; sepals lanceolate- oblong, acute ; capsules turbinately- elliptical, obtuse, pubescent ; seeds ovate, chesnut-coloured. 3£. H. Native of sandy places in Vallais, Alps of Piedmont, Provence, about Moscow, and in the Caucasus. V. Allioni, Pio. diss. p. 20. t. 1. f. 2. V. glauca, Bieb. suppl. p. 165 ? V. ru- pestris, Schm. fl. boh. cent. 3. t. 1. p. 50. t. 312. ? V. pusilla, Schleich. in litt. V. livida, Kit. V. nummularifolia, Schleich, Plant glaucous. Flowers blue. Spur obtuse. 328 VIOLARIE,E. IV. VIOLA. •/ ;<- 7 far. ft, aprlca (D. C. prod. 1 . p. 298.) very small, and almost stemless. If. . H. Native on hills at Lobenheim and Benstadt. V. hirta aprica, Spreng. nov. prov. 43. no. 97. Sand Violet. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823. PI. j foot. 88 V. SARMENTOSA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 172.) hairy; stigma? stem filiform, undivided, procumbent ; leaves roundish, hairy, crenate ; stipulas small, toothed ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; sepals awl-shaped. If. . H. Native of Caucasus. V. arenaria y sarmentosa, D. C. prod. 1. p. 298. Flowers blue. Spur obtuse, short. Sarmentose Violet. Fl. May, July. Clt. PI. decumbent. 89 V. RUPE'STRIS (Schmidt, fl. boh. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 799.) stem simple, pruinose, pubescent ; leaves cordate-round- ish, smoothish, crenulated ; stipulas lanceolate, serrated. If. . H. Native of Bohemia. Flowers blue. Stigma unknown. Rock Violet. Fl. May, July. PL i foot. 90 V. PU'MILA (Vill. dauph. 2. p. 266. cat. strasb. p. 288. t. 5.) smoothish; stigma papillose, somewhat reflexed ; stems branched, diffuse, procumbent ; leaves ovate-lanceolate ; foot- stalks marginate ; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, toothed or cut ; spur cylindrical, somewhat recurved at the apex, obtuse, yel- lowish, scarcely the length of sepals ; valves of capsule rather erect, glabrous, truncate at apex ; seeds ovate, of a black- chesnut colour. If.. H. Native of Dauphiny in Vascony; on dry heaths in Germany, Switzerland, and Piedmont. Flowers pale-blue, with a hairy throat. Var. a, lancifolia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 299.) leaves lanceolate, gradually tapering into the footstalk at the base. V. lancifolia, Thore, chlor. land. 357. Var. ft, ericetorum (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves truncate at the base or somewhat cordate, but tapering abruptly into the foot- stalk. Native of turfy heaths. V. ericetorum, Schrad. ined. Var. y, littoralis (D. C. prod. 1. c.) stem elongated ; leaves cordate, ovate ; flowers apetalous. Native on the coast of the Baltic sea near Warnemunde. V. littoralis, Spreng. nov. prov. p. 43. Dwarfish Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818. PI. | foot. 91 V. SCHMIDTL/ONA (Roam, et Schult. syst. 5. p. 363.) stigma hooked ; leaves cordate, acuminate, rather crenate ; bracteas approximating the flower ; lower petal truncate. If. . H. Na- tive of Bohemia and Austria. V. nummularium, Schmidt, boh. no. 246. Stoloniferous. Spur short. Flowers blue. Schmidt's Violet. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. ? PI. | foot. 92 V. MONTAVNA (Lin. spec. 1325.) smooth ; stigma papillose, somewhat reflexed ; stems simple, erect ; lower leaves cordate, upper ones ovate, acute ; footstalks marginate ; stipulas oblong, toothed, or cut on one side ; 2 lateral petals bearded ; spur conical, truncate, erect, greenish, shorter than the acute sepals ; valves of capsule arched, rather acute ; seeds ovate, of a chesnut- colour. If. . H. Native of the temperate parts of Europe and Siberia, particularly Lapland, Austria, Germany, and on mount Baldo. Sims, bot. mag. 15:)5. — Riv. t. 119. — Morr. hist. 2. p. 475. sect. 5. t. 7. f. 7. Flowers pale-blue. Var. a, stricta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 299.) stems strict ; lower leaves cordate, smooth. V. stricta, Horn. hafn. V. Horneman- niana, Rcem. et Schult ? V. montana a, fl. fr. 4. p. 807. Native of mountainous meadows and thickets. Far. ft, pubescens (D. C. prod. 1. c.) stems strict ; lower leaves cordate, pubescent. V. erecta, Gerard, in litt. Mountain Violet. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1683. PI. 1 foot. 93 V. PERSICIFOLIA (Roth. Hoff'm. fl. germ. 311.) puberulous ; stigma papillose, somewhat reflexed ; stem simple, erect, rather flexuous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, serrated, smoothish, running into the petiole at the base ; stipulas large, cut ; sepals ovate-lanceolate ; spur short, blunt ; 2 lateral petals bearded. }/ . H. Native of Germany and Siberia. Flowers blue. V. montana ft, persicifolia, D. C. prod. 1. p. 299. V. pratensis. Mer. et Koch. This species differs from V. montana, in the leaves always tapering gradually into the petioles, not cordate at the base. Peach-leaved Violet. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1683. PI. 1 ft. 94 V. LA'CTEA (Smith, fl. brit. 1. p. 247.) smooth; stigma papillose, somewhat reflexed ; stems ascending, simple ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, bluntish, lower ones small, ovate ; footstalks marginate ; stipulas jagged ; sepals long, linear. I/ . H. Native on mountainous boggy heaths in Switzerland, France, and Bri- tain ; on the sides of bogs on Waterdown forest, near Tunbridge, at Pendarvis, Cornwall ; and in hilly pastures near Peebles, Scot- land. Smith, engl. bot. t. 445. V. Lusitanica, Brot. phyt. p. 39. t. 17. V. montana y, lactea, D. C. prod. 1. p. 299. V. stagnina, Kit. Flowers milk-white, or of a very pale-blue, with purplish streaks. Two lateral petals bearded. ^/z7A-coloured-flowered Violet. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. i foot. 95 V. Ru'ppn(AH. pedm. 2. no. 1C46. t. 26.) smooth ; stigma papillose, somewhat reflexed ; stems procumbent ; lower leaves cordate, upper ones lanceolate ; footstalks marginate ; stipulas jagged; sepals lanceolate, acute. If.. H. Native of the Alps of Piedmont. Lod. bot. cab. t. 686. V. cordata, Willd. ? V. Brossonetiana, Room, et Schult. Flowers pale-blue or white. Ruppius's Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822. PI. procumbent. 96 V. LANCIFOLIA (Besser, gal. no. 256.) stem erectish ; leaves cordate-oblong, crenulated, rather pilose, dotted ; stipulas lanceolate, toothed ; sepals acute ; spur emarginate, 2-lobed ; petals bearded. I/. H. Native of Podolia. V. floribunda, Fisch, mss. ? Flowers blue. Stigma unknown. Lance-leaved Violet. PI. -J foot. t f Stems shrubby. 97 V. DECU'MBENS (Lin. fil. suppl. 397.) stigma hooked, naked ; stems much branched, procumbent ; leaves linear, very narrow, entire, crowded ; stipulas linear-awl-shaped, adhering ; spur tubular, obtuse, straight, scarcely the length of sepals. ~lf. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope on Hottentot moun- tains. Flowers blue, with a pale-green spur. Decumbent Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. Shrub de- cumbent. 98V. SCROTIFORMIS (D. C. mss. and prod. 1 . p. 299.) stigma ? stems branched ; leaves linear, bluntish, entire ; lower ones remote ; stipulas awl-shaped, adhering ; spur saccate ; auricles scarcely exceeding the sepals. tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers pale-blue. Scrotum-formed Violet. Fl. June, July. Shrub $ foot. 99 V. ARBORE'SCENS (Lin. spec. 1325.) stigma hooked, naked ; stems branched, erect, roundish, pubescent ; leaves lanceolate, tapering to the base ; stipulas oblong, adhering ; spur cucullate, obtuse, scarcely exceeding the auricles of the calyx ; valves of capsule boat-shaped, obtuse, few-seeded ; seeds ovate, and be- fore the opening of the capsule they are of a darkish-purple, afterwards quite black, with white caruncles. Tj . G. Native among stones and in the fissures of rocks and amongst gravel, in the south of Europe and north of Africa. Flowers pale blue. Far. a, linearifblia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 299.) covered with pruinose papillae ; leaves long, linear, entire. Native of Corsica. Far. ft, integrifolia (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, entire. Native in the sand on the shores of the Mediterranean, and on rocks in Spain. V. Hispanica fruticans, Barrel, icon. t. 568. Arborescent Violet. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1779. Shrub IJft. 100 V. SUBEROSA (Desf. atl. 2. p. 313.) stigma hooked, naked ; stems branched ; branches usually decumbent, tubercled ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, serrated, smooth, tapering into the petiole at the base, crowded on the tops of the branches ; sti- IX. IONIDHTM. 337 brous ; lip gibbous at the base, roundish-truncate at the apex. If. . S. Native of the island of Madagascar. Viola buxifolia, Poir. diet. 8. p. 646. Sox-leaved lonidium. PI. \ foot. 8 I. ENNEASPE'RMUM (Vent. malm. p. 27.) stem suffruticose, much branched at the base ; leaves alternate, lanceolate, smooth- ish ; stipulas awl-shaped, rigid ; sepals acuminated, glabrous ; lip — ? seeds shining. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Var. a, Malabaricum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 309.) stems decum- bent ; leaves sparingly serrated. Tj . S. Native of Malabar. ; — Rheed. mal. 9. p. 117. t. 60. Flowers rose-coloured, with deeper veins. Var. ft, Zeylanicum (D.C. prod. 1. p. 309.) stems ascending ; leaves almost entire. J? . S. Native of Ceylon. Viola en- neasperma, Lin. spec. 1327. fl. zeyl. no. 317. Flowers rose- coloured. Nine-seeded lonidium. Shrub } to •§ foot. 9 I. LINEARIFOLIUM (Vahl. eel. amer. 2. p. 18.) stem erect; cauline leaves alternate, oblong, tapering at both ends ; stipulas awl-shaped, rigid. Q ? S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. Viola linearifolia, Poir. diet. 8. p. 648 ? Perhaps a variety of I. strictum. Flowers blue? Linear-leaved lonidium. Fl. July. PL ^ foot. 10 I. STRI'CTUM (Vent. malm. no. 27. in adn.) stems erect, branched at the base, puberulous ; lower leaves opposite, oblong or lanceolate, tapering at the base, blunted at the apex ; stipulas awl-shaped, rigid ; sepals acuminated, glabrous ; lip roundish ; capsules roundish, trigonal ; seeds ovate-roundish, blackish ? If. . S. Native of St. Domingo and New Spain. Viola stricta, Poir. diet. 8. p. 648. Flowers white ? Var. ft ; branches erect ; leaves elongated, lower ones obtuse, tapering a great way at the base, smoothish. If. S. Native of Guadaloupe. Straight lonidium. FL May, July. Clt. 1820. PL i foot. 111. ANGUSTIFO'LIUM (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 377.) stem woody, elongated, weak, glabrous, upper part branched ; leaves opposite, linear -lanceolate, narrowed at the top, remotely serrulated, glabrous ; stipulas minute ; peduncles glabrous, racemosely-crowded on the branches, fructiferous ones 4 or 5 times shorter than the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, acumi- nated ; capsules roundish-ovate, trigonal, 3-4-seeded. T? . S. Native in humid places near Carichana in woods about the Ori- noco. Flowers blue ? Narrow-leaved lonidium. Shrub 1-2 feet. 12 I. COMMU'NE (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 469.) stem herbaceous or often suffruticose, pubescent ; leaves alternate, intermediate ones lanceolate, acuminated, toothed, but entire at the base, hardly puberulous ; stipulas small, linear, very entire ; stamens glabrous ; filaments 3 times shorter than the lobes of the anthers ; sepals linear-lanceolate, acuminated ; lip large, ovate-bluntish, downy on the outside. If. . fj . ? S. Native of Brazil in old woods and coppices. Petals blue ? Common lonidium. Fl. Jan. April. PL 1 to 4 feet. 13 I. SETI'GERUM (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 470. t. 23. f. c.) stem suffruticose, pubescent ; leaves alternate, oblong- lanceolate, acuminated, very acute, toothed, puberulous ; stipu- las and bracteas of the peduncles ciliately many-parted ; sepals pinnatifidly ciliated ; lip orbicidar, pubescent. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in cultivated places, as well as in woods that have been cut down in the provinces of Rio Janiero and Minas Geraes. Petals green at the base, but violet, blue, or variegated with white and blue at the apex. Bristle-bearing lonidium. FL year. Shrub 1 foot. 14 I. SYLVA'TICUM (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 472.) stem shrubby, pubescent ; leaves alternate, intermediate ones ovate, acuminated, toothed, but very entire at the base, puberulous ; VOL. i. — PART. iv. stipulas small, linear, very entire ; sepals linear-lanceolate, acu- minated, acute, very entire ; lobes of anthers almost equal in length to the filaments ; lip somewhat rhomboid, pubescent on the outside. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in woods near. the farm called Cana-braba, about 14 leagues from the town called Villa- do-principe. Petals very pale blue. Wood lonidium. Fl. April. Shrub 1 foot. 15 I. GUARANI'TICUM (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 474.) stem suffruticose, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, gla- brous ; stipulas small, linear, membranous, glabrous ; sepals oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, acute, very entire ; lip of flower orbicular, crenate. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in woods on the banks of the river Ibicui in the province called Messoes. Petals white. Gtiaranitic lonidium. Fl. Feb. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 16 I. BI'COLOR (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 475.) plant villous ; stem suffruticose, almost simple ; leaves lanceolate, acute, unequally toothed, cuneated at the base and very entire ; stipulas linear, quite entire ; racemes terminal, and often axil- lary ; pedicels bractless ; sepals entire, and very unequal ; lip transversely elliptical, truncate at the apex, pubescent on the under surface. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in pastures in the pro- vince of the Mission, chiefly near the village of St. Nicolas. Petals blue, with a yellow spot on the base of the lower one. Two-coloured-lippeA lonidium. Fl. Feb. Shrub 1 to l^foot. 17 I. A'LBUM (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 477.) stem shrubby, diffuse, pubescent ; leaves alternate, lanceolate, acute at both ends, finely serrated, ciliated ; stipulas scarious ; pe- duncles bractless ; sepals lanceolate-oblong, acuminated, quite entire, hairy, ciliated ; lip somewhat rhomboid, very blunt, with rounded sides, hairy on the under surface. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in old woods near the Farm called St. Miguel da Jiqui- tinhonha, at the northern extremity of the province of Minas Geraes. Petals white. TFAtfe-flowered lonidium. Fl. June. Shrub \ foot. 18 I. SCARIOSUM (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 478.) stem suffruticose, with hairy branches ; leaves alternate, lanceolate, acuminated, and very acute, serrated, but very entire at the base, villous ; stipulas linear-lanceolate, scarious ; sepals oblong- linear, obtuse, pinnatifid, but entire at the apex, hispid ; lip rather orbicular, obtuse, villous on the under surface. J? . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, near Itajuru de St. Miguel de Mato Dentro. Petals violaceous at the apex. /Scarzose-stipuled lonidium. Fl. Jan. Shrub 1 foot. 191. VILLOSI'SSIMUM (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 480.) stem suffruticose, very villous ; leaves alternate, lanceolate, acute at both ends, serrated, villous ; stipulas quite entire, scarious ; sepals pinnatifid, very hairy ; lip large, semi-orbicular, cuspi- date, obliquely-truncate at the base. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals cream-coloured ? Very-villous lonidium. Shrub 1 foot. 20 I. POAYA (St. Hil. in mem, mus. 11. p. 482.) plant very hairy ; stem suffruticose, usually simple ; leaves alternate, almost sessile, ovate, acutish, somewhat cordate at the base, obsoletely-toothed ; stipulas linear, scarious, quite entire, hardly manifest ; lip large, broad, obcordate ; filaments bearded on the outside at the apex ; processes of anthers membranous, small. *2 . S. Native of Brazil, plentiful in the fields on the western extremity of the province of Minas Geraes, chiefly near the town called Paracatu and the villages called St. Luzia de Goyaz and Meiaponte. Petals white or blue. Root emetic. This plant is called in Brazil Poaya do Campo. Poaya lonidium. Fl. April, Aug. Shrub 1 foot. 21 I. LANA'TUM (St. Hil. in mem, mus. 11. p. 482. t. 23. f. a.) plant woolly ; stem simple ; leaves alternate, intermediate ones elliptical, obtuse, with short points, quite entire ; stipulas X x 338 VIOLARIEjE. IX. IONIDIUM. linear-awl-shaped, quite entire, scariose ; lip large, broad, ob- cordate ; filaments longer than the lobes of the anthers. %. S. Native of Brazil in grassy fields near the village called Conten- das, in the desert of the river St. Francisco. Petals pale-blue. Var. /j, dentatum (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 484.) lower leaves obso- letely-toothed. Woolly lonidium. Fl. Sept. PI. £ to f foot. 22 I. NA'NUM (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 484. t. 23. f. b.) stem dwarf; leaves alternate, upper ones sometimes opposite, acutish, toothed, but quite entire at the base, pubescent or pilose ; footstalks hairy ; stipulas small, linear, acute ; sepals lanceolate, acuminated, quite entire, hairy ; lip of flower large, transversely-elliptical, truncate and toothed at the apex, fj . S. Native of Brazil in dry pastures, near the Fort called Belem, in the province Rio Grande do Sul. Petals white, but yellow at their base. Dwarf lonidium. Fl. Jan. Shrub 2 or 3 inches. 23 I. BIGIBBOSUM (St, Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 418. t. 23. f. d.) stem shrubby ; leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate, acumi- nated, obsoletely toothed, glabrous, with the middle nerve pu- bescent ; flowers all axillary ; sepals finely ciliated ; lip of flower ovate-oblong, obtuse, bigibbose at the base of the claw, fj . S. Native of Brazil in old woods near the town of St. Carlos, in the province of St. Paul. Petals greenish. Bigibbous-lipped lonidium. Fl. Oct. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 24 I. OPPOSITIFOLIUM (Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 395. St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 487.) stem suffruticose, branched; leaves opposite, almost sessile, lanceolate-linear, remotely ser- rated, but very entire at the apex, with scabrous margins ; stipulas awl-shaped ; flowers in racemes ; calyx glabrous ; lip of flower transversely-elliptical, with rounded sides. ^ . S. Na- tive of Brazil in the sand on the banks of the river Jiquitinhonha, on the confines of the provinces of Bahia and Minas Geraes. Viola oppositifolia, Lin. spec. 1327. Petals violaceous. Opposite-leaved lonidium. Fl. July. PI. \ to 1 foot. § 2. Lip almost sessile, hardly twice the length of the calyx, 25 I. ATROPURPU'REUM (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 490.) stem suffruticose ; lower leaves ovate, upper ones lanceolate, all acuminated and acute, obsoletely serrated, glabrous ; stipulas caducous ; flowers all racemose, small ; sepals finely ciliated ; lip of flower orbicular, scarcely larger than the lateral petals. i? . S. Native of Brazil on the margins of woods on the moun- tain called Serra-da-Estrada-Nova, a little distance from Rio Janeiro ; also in cultivated places, and in the cut down woods called Capueiras, .near a farm called Uba. Lip of flower dark- purple. Dark-purple-\ipiped lonidium. Fl. Nov. Feb. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 26 I. THESIIFOLIUM (D. C. mss. et prod. 1. p. 309.) stem erect, simple, glabrous ; leaves alternate, narrow, very long, glabrous, quite entire ; stipulas and sepals awl-shaped ; petals scarcely longer than the calyx. !(.. S. Native of Senegal and other parts of Guinea. Viola thesiifolia, Poir. diet. 8. p. 649. Flowers very small, pale-blue. Thesium-leaved lonidium. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Pl.-|ft. 27 I. LINIFOLIUM (D. C. mss. et prod. 1. p. 309.) stem erect, puberulous ; leaves alternate, linear, narrow, smooth ; stipulas awl-shaped. 0 ? S. Native of Madagascar. Viola linifolia, Poir. diet. 8. p. 647. Flowers pale-blue. Flax-leaved lonidium. Fl. June, July. PL \ foot. 28 I. POLYGAUEFOLIUM (Vent. malm. t. 27.) stems branched, diffuse, procumbent ; branches puberulous ; leaves opposite, lanceolate, rather entire ; stipulas lanceolate, one-half shorter than the leaves ; sepals ovate-oblong, acute, pubescent ; lip spatulate, rounded at the apex, exceeding the calyx ; nectarial scales fleshy; capsules roundish, trigonal, l-5-seeded ; seeds somewhat globose, shining, black, with the sides flattened ; cotyledons reniform. \ . S. Native of New Spain, and near Mexico. H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 376. t. 496. Solea verticillata, Spreng. in Schrad. journ. bot. 1800. vol. 2. p. 190. t. 6. Viola verticillata, Orteg. dec. 4. p. 50. Flowers greenish-yellow or white. Milkwort-leaved lonidium. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1795. Shrub 1 foot. 29 I. URTIC.SF6LIUM (Mart. mat. med. bras, ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 98.) branches covered with clammy pubescence ; leaves almost sessile, somewhat cordate, ovate, acute, serrated, smooth ; peduncles few-flowered ; sepals entire ; lower petals square. If.. S. Native of Brazil. Solea urticaefolia, Spreng. 1. c. Flowers white or bluish. Root emetic. Nettle-leaved lonidium. PI. 1 foot. 30 I. GRA'CILE (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. icon, and D. C. prod. 1. p. 309.) stems erectish, almost simple ; leaves alternate, oblong, entire ; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, one-half shorter than the leaves ; petals scarcely longer than the calyx, lower one hardly larger than the rest ; seeds ovate, black. 1£ . S. Native of Mexico. Perhaps a variety of /. polygalcefblium. Slender lonidium. PI. \ foot. 31 I. VISCI'DULUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 377.) stem woody, erect, branched, clammy ; leaves opposite, lanceo- late, glabrous, remotely serrulate ; stipulas awl-shaped, minute ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; lip with a long claw, very broad, ovate, acute, dilated and concave at the base ; the lateral petals length of the claw of the superior petal ; 2 anterior sta- mens, each furnished at the base with a gland ; terminal mem- branes acute. Jj . S. Native in humid sandy places near An- gustura on the banks of the Orinoco. Flowers sweet-scented, white ; but with the lip spotted with yellow at the base. Fzsczrf-branched lonidium. Shrub \ to 1 foot. 32 I. RIPA RIUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 378.) stem herbaceous, erect, somewhat branched, pubescent ; lower leaves opposite, lanceolate, crenate-serrated ; glabrous, some- what ciliated ; stipulas awl-shaped, minute ; sepals lanceolate, acuminated or awl-shaped, ciliated ; lip unguiculate, ovate-round- ish, saccate and concave at the base ; lateral petals one-half shorter than the rest, all ciliated towards the base ; filaments almost wanting, 2 anterior ones furnished each with a scale- formed gland ; terminal membranes acute ; capsules ovate- globose, somewhat compressed, shining, brown. 0. S. Native of the kingdom of New Granada near Angostura de Carare, on the banks of the river Magdalena, at the height of 360 feet. I. attenuatum, Willd. herb, ex Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 402. Flowers blue. River-side lonidium. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ to 1 foot. 33 I. VERBENA'CEUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 379. t, 497.) stem herbaceous, erect, somewhat branched, pu- bescent ; leaves alternate, ovate-elliptical, acute, running into the footstalk at the base, crenate-serrated, hairy on both sur- faces ; stipulas linear-awl-shaped, puberulous, somewhat longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated ; lip with a long claw, roundish-elliptic, furnished with 2 gibbosities at the base, twice or thrice longer than the calyx ; lateral petals a little longer than the calyx ; filaments short, 2 inferior, gibbous at the base, in consequence of each being fur- nished with a gland ; terminal membranes emarginate. O- S. Gathered in the gardens of Mexico. Flowers pale-blue. Vervain-like lonidium. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823. PI. | ft. 34 I. CIRC^EOI'DES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 379. t. 498.) stem herbaceous, erect, simple, puberulous ; leaves op- posite, ovate, acuminated, serrate, glabrous, rounded at the base; stipulas glabrous, linear, falcate, almost equalling the footstalks in length ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous ; lip VIOLARIE^E. LX. IONIDIUM. X. HYBANTHUS. 339 with a long claw, roundish-ovate, obtuse, 5 times longer than the calyx ; lateral petals 3 times shorter than the lower one, ob- long, falcate, narrowed in the middle, hence they appear as if furnished with an obtuse lobule on each side below ; filaments short, 2 inferior ones furnished each with a gland at the base ; terminal membranes emarginate ; capsules glabrous, roundish- ovate, trigonal, 3 times longer than the calyx, 6 -seeded, with oblong valves ; immature seeds globosely-ovate, flattish, carun- culate. O- S. Native near Guayaquil in shady places on the shore of the Pacific ocean. Willd. herb, ex Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 401. Flowers violaceous. Circcea-like lonidium. Fl. June, July. PL 1 foot. 35 1. GLUTIN01 SUM (Vent. malm. no. 27. in adn.) stems erect- ish, pubescent, clammy ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, tapering a great way into the footstalk, sharply-toothed ; stipulas awl- shaped, shorter than the footstalks of the leaves ; lip obcordate. I/. . G. Native of Buenos Ay res. Viola glutinosa, Poir. diet. 8. p. 647. Calyx, when dry, greenish, not violaceous, as in the following, to which it is very much akin. Clammy lonidium. Fl. PI. £ foot. 36 I. PARVIFLO'RUM (Vent. malm. p. 27. in adn.) shrubby, branched, diffuse ; branches elongated, puberulous ; leaves alter- nate, ovate, serrated, tapering a little way into the footstalk ; stipulas lanceolate, awl-shaped, scarcely the length of the foot- stalks of the leaves ; peduncles glabrous, rising above the leaves ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute ; lip 3 times longer than the calyx, ovate, 2-lobed, with the lobes roundish and spreading ; nectarial scales somewhat clavate ; capsules roundish, trigonal, 3 times longer than the calyx, 3-5-seeded. Tj . S. Native in the warmer regions of South America near Santa-Fe-de-Bogota. H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 375. Viola parviflora, Lin. fil. suppl. 396. Flowers purplish. The roots are yellow, and are used instead of Ipecacuanha in the southern parts of the province of St. Paul in Brazil as well as in Peru. Var. fl ? branches very long. Viola filiformis, Ruiz, et Pav. ined. Native of Peru. Small-lowered lonidium. Fl. June, July. Shrub procumbent. 37 I. MICROPHY'LLUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 374. t. 495.) shrubby, branched, diffuse ; branches pubescent ; leaves opposite, elliptical-oblong, acute, serrated, rather pilose, ciliated ; peduncles 3 times longer than the leaves, marked with a puberulous line ; stipulas lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated, 3 times longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; sepals ovate-oblong, acute ; lip somewhat fiddle-shaped ; double the length of the calyx ; nectarial scales somewhat ovate, capsules roundish-elliptical, trigonal, 3-6-seeded. Jj . S. Native among stones near Lac- tacunga in Quito, at the height of 4440 feet. Viola microce- phala, Bonpl. ined. Viola microphylla, Willd. herb. Viola par- viflora, Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 391. Flowers purplish. Small-leaved lonidium. Shrub procumbent. •f- Species not sufficiently known. 38 I. ? CLAYTONIOI'DES (Roam, et Schult. syst. 5. p. 402.) stem furnished with one perfoliate leaf. Native — ? Claytonic-like lonidium. PI. ^ foot. 39 I.? ERE'CTUM (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 311.) stem straight, filiform, roughish ; leaves linear, mucronate, re- motely denticulated, straight ; stipulas lanceolate, ciliated, ad- pressed ; flowers solitary, axillary, nodding. Native of the East Indies. Viola erecta, Roth. nov. spec. 165. Flowers very small. Erect lonidium. PI. J foot. 40 I. ? SUFFRUTICOVSUM (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 311.) stems procumbent, roughish; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, serrated, somewhat pubescent ; stipulas lanceolate, pilose, at length spreading, form of prickles ; flowers axillary, equal be- hind, nodding. Tj . ? S. Native of the East Indies. Viola suffruticosa, Roth. nov. spec. 165. Snffraticose lonidium. Shrub procumbent. 41 I. ? FRUTE'SCENS (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 311.) stems ascending, roughish, shrubby at the base ; leaves oblong- lanceolate, mucronate, glabrous, somewhat ciliated, serrated ; stipulas setaceous, erect, pilose ; flowers axillary, solitary, equal behind, nodding. Tj . ? S. Native of the East Indies. Viola frutescens, Roth. nov. spec. 167. Frutescent lonidium. Shrub |- foot. 42 I. ? BREVICAU LE (Mart, in litt. and D. C. prod. 1 . p. 3 1 1 .) stem short, ascending ; leaves crowded, almost sessile, alternate, ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrated, pubescent. Native of Brazil. Short-stemmed lonidium. PI. -J- foot. 43 I. LINEA'TUM (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 311.) branches procumbent ; leaves opposite, ovate, lined, stalked, under surface pubescent ; stipulas awl-shaped. fj . ? S. Native of Cuba. Viola lineata, Orteg. dec. 4. p. 49. Lower petal or lip violaceous, with a white claw ; lateral ones violaceous, upper one white. Var. ft ? lower leaves obovate, smoothish. Native of Cuba. Viola lineata, herb. hort. monsp. Lined-leaved. lonidium. Shrub procumbent. 44 I.? CALCEOI.A'RIUM (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 311.) stem branched, pilose; leaves opposite, elliptic-lanceolate, tapering into the footstalk, somewhat stem-clasping; stipulas awl-shaped; sepals awnedly-acuminated, glabrous. Q. S. Native of Mexico. Calceolaria, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. not of Poir. Perhaps the Viola calcaria labello obovato retuso of Loefl. itin. p. 183. no. 1. ^er-flowered lonidium. PI. 1 foot. 45 I. ? LONGIFO'LIUM (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. and D. C, prod. 1. p. 311. but not of Roem. et Schult.) stems sim- plish ; leaves opposite, lanceolate-linear, rarely serrated, very acute ; stipulas lanceolate, somewhat longer than the footstalks ; peduncles 3 times longer than the leaves. I/ . S. Native of Mexico. Long-leaved lonidium. PI. 1 foot. Cult. These plants grow best in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat, and young cuttings of the stove and green-house perennials and shrubs will root freely if planted in sand under a bell-glass. The annual species may be sown in pots and plunged in a gentle hot-bed, and when the plants have attained two or three inches in height, they should be planted separately into small pots, and shifted from time to time as they grow, and about the end of June they may be removed into the green-house, where they will ripen their seed : or they may be planted out in the open border about the end of May, in front of a south wall. X. HYBA'NTHUS (from vftoe, hybos, a tuber, and avSoc, anthos ; in allusion to the form of the spur.) Jacq. amer. 77. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 385. D. C. prod. 1. p. 311. LIN. SYST. Penldndria, Monogynia. Sepals unequal, run- ning into the pedicel at the base, but not appendiculated. Pe- tals unequal ; lower one saccate at the base, longer than the rest, channelled in the middle and dilated at the apex into a 2- lobed limb, the rest shorter and 3-nerved. Stamens oblong, connate between themselves into a disk at the base ; anthers inserted low down, two lower ones with contiguous obliterated cells, and furnished each with a nectarial shell-formed gland at the base ; these glands are drawn in within the swelling of the lower petal. Capsules obovate, few-seeded. Inelegant, usually spiny shrubs, with the appearance of Jtiindia. Leaves scat- tered, those on the branches alternate, and somewhat fasciculate on the stems. Peduncles on the sides, or lateral, solitary, or many crowded together, bifid at the apex. Flowers pedicellate, Xx 2 340 VIOLARIE.E. X. HYBANTHUS. XI. ANCHIETEA. XII. GONOHORIA. whitish, with the pedicels bracteate at the base and jointed above the base. St. Aug. St. Hilaire considers Pombalia and Hybtinthus to be identical with lonidium. 1 H. HAVANE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 385. t. 494.) stem erect, spiny, branched ; leaves oblong, remotely serrated ; flowers whitish ; lower petal 2-lobed at the apex ; peduncles bifid, somewhat racemose, tj . S. Native near Havanah in the island of Cuba. Var. a, Jacquinianus (D. C. prod. p. 311.) leaves emarginate at the apex, tapering at the base ; sepals ovate, 3 lower ones gibbous at the base ; flowers so small as scarcely to be examined with the naked eye ; petals, 4 of which are ovate and obtuse, the fifth one is oblong, attenuate in the middle and bifid at the apex, a little longer than the rest ; style awl-shaped, fj . S. Native in wooded mountains. lonidium Jacquinianum, Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 397. Var. ft, Humboldtianus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 312.) leaves entire at the apex, scarcely stalked ; stipulas ovate, obtuse ; flowers in racemose fascicles, larger than those of var. a ; sepals oblong, obtuse, smooth ; lower petal saccate and concave at the base, 3 times longer than the calyx, with a dilated 2-lobed limb, lateral ones oblong, obtuse, obsoletely 3-lobed, double the length of the calyx, upper ones obtuse, hardly shorter than the lateral ones ; anthers somewhat cordate ; ovary roundish-ovate, gla- brous, 9-seeded; style jointed and somewhat hooked at the apex. Havanah Hybanthus. Shrub 2 to 7 feet. 2 H. ? MEXICA'NUS (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 312.) stem prickly ; leaves oblong ; lower petal acuminated at the apex; peduncles 1 -flowered, in fascicles. Tj. S. Native of Mexico. Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers whitish ? Mexican Hybanthus. Shrub 1 foot. Cult. These shrubs may be grown in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat ; and young cuttings will root freely under a bell-glass if planted in sand, and placed in a moderate heat. XI. ANCHIE'TEA (in honour of P. Anchietea, a very celebrated Brazilian Jesuit, who wrote on the plants of the pro- vince of St. Paul in Brazil.) St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 464. pi. usu. bras. t. 18. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 5-parted, unequal. Petals 5, very unequal, two upper ones smallest, two intermediate ones longer, lowest one largest, and unguiculate, with a spur at the base. Anthers almost sessile, alternating with the petals, two lowest ones on very short filaments, each drawn out into a filiform appendage, which is bent back into the spur. Ovary superior. Stigma simple. Capsule large, bladdery, in- flated, obtuse, 1-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded. Valves mem- branaceous, bearing the seeds on the middle. Seeds in 2 rows, large, very flat, emarginate at the umbilicus, and girded by a broad membrane — Shrubs with alternate, stalked, stipulate leaves. Stipulas twin, lateral, caducous. Flowers axillary, so- litary, or in fascicles. 1 A. SALUTA'RIS (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 465.) leaves ovate, acute, crenated; flowers in axillary fascicles ; upper petal longer than the calyx ; labellum ovate ; spur incurved. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul. The roots of this shrub are used by many persons in the neighbourhood of Rio Janeiro, as a cathartic. It is used with success in eruptions of the skin. Flowers whitish. Salutary Anchietea. Shrub 6 feet. 2 A. PYRIFOLIA ; leaves ovate, acute, crenated ; flowers in axillary fascicles ; upper petal longer than the calyx ; labellum obovate ; spur incurved. Jj . w. S. Native of Brazil about Rio Janeiro. Noisettia pyrif olia, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 24. t. 16. Flowers whitish, veined with red at the base ; lower petal ob- ovate. Pear-leaved Anchietea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. Shrub cl. Cult. For cultivation and propagation see Hybanthus. Tribe II. ALSODI'NE^E (R. Br. congo. p. 21. D. C. prod. 1. p. 312.) Petals equal between themselves. Stamens usually joined to- gether at their base, or adnate to the inner side of an urceolus, which is situated between the petals and the stamens. Accord- ing to Aug. St. Hilaire (see mem. mus. 11. p. 493.) Alsbdea, Ceranthera, and Rinbria are not generically distinct. XII. GpNOHO'RIA (Gonohorie is the name of Gonohbria flavescens in Guiana.) D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 312. Gono- horia, Passoura and Riana, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 237 and 239. t. 95 and 94. and app. p. 21. t. 380. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Sepals imbricate. Petals convolute in aestivation. Stamens free, approximate ; filaments on short stipes, dilated at the apex into a strap, fur- nished each on the outside with an appendiculate erect scale, and bearing the anthers a little higher up ; lobes of anther bristly at the apex. Style flexuous, awl-shaped ; stigma obtuse. Ovary villous. Capsule 3-valved, with the valves few-seeded. Seeds according to Aublet globose. Shrubs with opposite or alternate leaves. Flowers in axillary or terminal racemes. Pedicels very short, erect, 1 -flowered, furnished with a bractea at the base of each, and 2 bracteoles in the middle. Flowers small, white. Stipulas deciduous. 1 G. RIA'NA (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 312.) leaves ovate, serrated, acuminated at the apex ; scales of stamens acumi- nated ; racemes spike-formed. fj . S. Native in the woods of Guiana about Arauren. Riana Guianensis, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 237. t. 94. Flowers white. Riana is probably the name of the tree in Guiana. Riana Gonohoria. Shrub 10 feet. 2 G. ULMIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 387. t. 491.) leaves twin or tern, but somewhat opposite at the top of the branchlets, oblong, acuminated, toothed, smooth, upper surface shining, with the nerves and veins puberulous ; racemes terminal, solitary, branched, 2 or 3 times shorter than the leaves. Tj . S. Native of New Granada on the banks of the river Magdalena. Sepals lanceolate, ciliated. Petals 2 or 3 times longer than the calyx, oblong, obtuse, veined, with the veins somewhat parallel, flat, and whitish. Terminal membranes of stamens rounded at the apex. Scales wanting on the lower stamens ? Ovary triquetrous, pilose, 3-seeded. Capsules obovate, turbinate, triquetrous, rather pilose or smooth and brown at the apex. Seeds somewhat globose, with the sides hardly com- pressed, smooth, glabrous, marked by a longitudinal furrow from the hilum to the opposite faveola. Flower whitish ? Elm-leaved Gonohoria. Shrub 10 feet. 3 G. PASSOU'RA (B.C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 312.) leaves ovate, almost entire, with a short acumen at the apex ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; scales of stamens acute. ^ . S. Native in the woods of Guiana. Gonohoria flavescens, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 239. t. 93. Passoura, Aubl. guian. suppl. p. 21. t. 380. Pas- soura is the name of the tree in Guiana. Flowers yellow. Passoura Gonohoria. Shrub 6 feet. 4 G. LOBOLO'BA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 494.) leaves alternate and opposite, crowded at the tops of the branches, oblong-lanceolate, narrow, acute, obsoletely-serrated ; racemes simple ; pedicels puberulous ; scales hardly manifest at the base of the stamens ; seeds fixed to the base of the placentas. Jj. S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Alsodea physiphora, Mart. VIOLARIE^E. XII. GONOHORIA. XIII. RINORIA. XIV. ALSODEA. XV. CERANTHERA. 341 fl. bras. 1. p. 29. t. 20. Physiphora Isevigata, Sol. mss. The green leaves are very mucilaginous, and have an herbaceous taste, the negroes in many of the cantons in the environs of Rio Janeiro eat them with their food. M. Aug. St. Hilaire is of opinion that the leaves would acquire a more agreeable taste if the shrub was planted in good soil under the shade of trees, in order to blanch them. Loboloba is the Brazilian name of the shrub. Lobolobo Gonohoria. Fl. Sept. Nov. Shrub 6 feet. 5 G. CAsiANEiEFOLiA (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 495.) leaves alternate and opposite, crowded at the top of the branches, oblong ; lan- ceolate sharply serrated, mucronate, with the lateral nerves parallel, rather prominent ; racemes compound, rather loose, pubescent ; urceolus cup-shaped ? girding the ovary. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in hedges not far from Rio Janeiro. Chesnut-leaved Gonohoria. Fl. Aug. Shrub 6 feet. 6 G. RACEMO'SA ; leaves opposite, oblong, acuminated, quite entire, smooth on both surfaces ; racemes opposite, elongated ; pedicels cymose ; filaments lanceolate, acute, serrulated ; cells of anthers horned. Tj.S. Native of Brazil. Alsodea racemosa, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 29. t. 20. Flowers small, white. Racemose-Row ered Gonohoria. Fl. Nov. Dec. Shrub 6 feet. 7 G. CU'SPA (H. B. et Kunth, 7. p. 242. under Gonoria.} leaves elliptical-oblong, obtuse, quite entire, smooth, shining above, upper ones opposite ; peduncles simple, bracteate. Jj . S. Na- tive of New Granada. Alsodea Cuspa, Spreng. syst. append, p. 99. Flowers white, small. Cuspa is the name of the tree in New Granada, where its bark is celebrated for its frebrifugal qualities both in powder and in decoction. Cuspa Gonohoria. Tree 20 feet. 8 G. MEGAPOTA'MICA ; leaves elliptical, oblong, quite entire, reticulately veined, rather pubescent beneath ; peduncles cymi- ferous, axillary, bifid ; filaments bearded on the back. ^ . S. Native of Brazil at Rio Grande. Alsodea, Spreng. syst. app. p. 99. Rio Grande Gonohoria. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. The species of the genus Gonohoria will grow well in a mixture of loam and sand, and young cuttings will root freely under a bell-glass if planted in sand. None of the species have yet been introduced to the gardens. XIII. RINO'REA (Rinori is the name of R. Guianensis in Guiana.) Aubl. guian. 1. p. 235. t. 93. D. C. prod. 1. p. 312. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Character the same as Gonohbria, but with the filaments dilated from the base and joined into an urceolus, girding the ovary, and bearing the anthers lower down, approximate. Middle-sized trees. Leaves alternate, stipulate ; stipulas deciduous. Flowers in racemes ; racemes axillary or terminal, loosely panicled. Pedicels drooping, 1- flowered, bearing a bractea at the base of each, with two smaller ones toward the middle, and joint- ed. Flowers small, white. Ovary ovate, 3-lobed, 1 -celled, 3-seeded. According to St. Hilaire this genus does not differ from Gonohbria. 1 R. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 235. t. 93.) flowers in com- pound racemes ; leaves deeply-ser- rated. Tj . S. Native of Guiana and Brazil. Gonohoria Rinoria, St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 495. Alsodea paniculata, Mart. fl. bras, p. 30. t. 21. Guiana Rinorea. Tree 14 feet. 2 R. ? INTEGRIFOLIA (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 313.) pe- duncles solitary or in pairs, 1- FIG. 65. flowered; leaves entire. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Gonohoria alternifolia, Spreng. new entd. 2. p. 151. Flowers whitish. Entire-leaved Rinorea. Tree 15 feet. Cult. The species of this genus should be cultivated in the same manner as Gonohoria, which see. XIV. ALSO'DEA (from aXo-wcijje, alsodes, leafy; plants thickly beset with leaves.) Pet. Th. hist. veg. afr. 2. p. 55. t. 17 and 18. nov. gen. madag. p. 55. D. C. prod. 1. p. 313. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Sepals acute, imbricate, 3 exterior and 2 interior. Petals alternate, longer than the sepals, twisted in aestivation. Stamens alternating with the petals ; filaments loosened from or adnate to the urceolus which girds the ovary, hence dilated into ligulse, not unguiculated, bearing the anthers at the base of those ligulae, exceeding the ovary in length ; lobes of anther usually drawn out at the apex into bristly appendages. Urceolus simple on the outside, or girded or furnished with various appendages. Ovary simple. Style club- shaped. Capsule covered with the permanent calyx and corolla, obversely turbinate, bluntly 3-sided. Seeds one or two in each valve. Cotyledons orbicular. — Shrubs or trees from Mada- gascar. Leaves usually alternate, feather-nerved ; stipulas small, deciduous. Flowers small, whitish, racemose ; racemes axil- lary and terminal. Pedicels bracteate, jointed. § 1. Urceolus simple. 1 A. PAUCIFLORA (Pet. Th. 1. c. p. 57. f. 17.) urceolus of stamens simple ; leaves wedge-shaped on short footstalks ; flowers few, somewhat corymbose ; pedicels reflexed. Tj . S. Native of Madagascar in shady places. Few-flowered Alsodea. Shrub 4 feet. 2 A. ARBO'REA (Pet. Th. 1. c. p. 57.) urceolus of stamens simple ; leaves on long footstalks, deflexed ; flowers panicled. fj • S. Native of Madagascar. Tree Alsodea. Clt. 1823. Tree 20 feet. § 2. Urceolus girded. 3 A. ANGUSTIFO'LIA (Pet. Th. 1. c. p. 57. 1. 17. f. 1.) urceolus of stamens girded ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, toothed ; racemes spiked. Tj . S. Native of Madagascar. Narrow-leaved Alsodea. Shrub 6 feet. 4 A. LATIFO'LIA (Pet. Th. 1. c. p. 57. t. 18. f. 2.) urceolus of stamens girded; leaves ovate, obtusely-acuminated ; racemes glabrous, dense. ^ . S. Native of Madagascar. Broad-leaved Alsodea. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 feet. 5 A. PUBE'SCENS (Pet. Th. 1. c. p. 57. t. 18. f. 3.) urceolus of stamens girded ; leaves ovate, cuneated at the base, serrated ; racemes loose, pubescent. Ij . S. Native of Madagascar. Pubescent-racemed Alsodea. Shrub 6 feet ? Cult. The species of this genus will thrive best in a mixture of loam and sand, and young cuttings will strike root under a bell-glass if planted in a pot of sand, placed in heat. XV. CERANTHE'RA (/orpae, keras, a horn, and anthera, an anther ; in allusion to the lobes of the anthers being terminated by a bristle.) Beauv. fl. ow. 2. p. 11. t. 65. D. C. prod. 1. p. 313. — Passalia, Banks herb, ex Brown, congo, p. 21. Alsodea species, Spreng. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Sepals acute. Petals lanceolate, twice the length of the sepals. Urceolus toothed, joined with the petals at the base, situated between the petals and stamens. Filaments unguiculate at the base ; hence dilated into petal-like scales at the apex, bearing the anthers high up at the base of the scales ; lobes of anthers bristly ; claws of filaments adnate to the urceolus, but free at the top. Ovary ovate. Capsules unknown. — Shrubs. Leaves alternate, 342 VIOLARIEjE. XVI. PENTALOBA. XVII. SPATULARIA. XVIII. HYMENANTIIERA. XIX. PIPAREA. broad. Flowers in panicled racemes ; pedicels bracteate. Flowers small, greenish-yellow. Obs. From the figures of Beauvais, fl. ow. 1. c. the struc- ture of the stamens appears to be the same as those of Gonokoria, but differs in the stamens being fixed to the inner parietes of the urceolus, not free as in Gonohoria. It differs from Alsbdea as Rinoria does from Gonohoria, in the filaments being ungui- culate, not dilated from the base, and bearing the anthers high up, not low down. 1 C. DENTA'TA (Beauv. fl. ow. et ben. 2. p. 11. t. 65.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, toothed ; petals lanceolate-ovate. Tj . S. Na- tive of Buonopozo in the kingdom of Waree, and in many other parts of Guinea, Sierra Leone, Cape Coast, and the Island of St. Thomas, Isles de Los, &c. Flowers small, yellowish- white. Toothed-leaved Ceranthera. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1824. Shrub 6 feet. 2 C. SUBINTEGRIFO'LIA (Beauv. 1. c. t. 66.) leaves lanceolate- oblong, rarely with sinuated margins ; petals ovate. T? . S. Native about the town of Waree and many other parts of Guinea. Flowers white. Subentire-leaved Ceranthera. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. Sh. 6 ft. Cult. These shrubs will thrive best in a mixture of loam and sand, and young cuttings will root if planted in sand under a bell-glass, plunged in heat. XVI. PENTA'LOBA (from THLVTI, pente, five, and \o/3oc, lobos, a lobe ; in allusion to the 5-lobed berry.) Lour. coch. p. 154. B.C. prod. 1. p. 314. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Sepals 5, lanceolate, erect, pilose. Petals 5, lanceolate, somewhat reflexed at the apex, conniving into a little bell at the base. Nectary 5- toothed, erect ; filaments 5, filiform, flattish, standing upon the incisures of the nectary, almost equal in length to the corolla. Ovary pilose. Style short, pilose ; stigma simple. Berry roundish, 5-lobed, 1 -celled, 5- seeded ; seeds ovate. A middle- sized tree with alternate leaves, and pale, sessile, crowded flowers. Perhaps a congener of Alsodea ? 1 P. SE'SSILIS (Lour. fl. coch. p. 154.). T? . G. Native on mountains in Cochin-China. Flowers whitish. Sessile- fiowered Pentaloba. Tree 20 feet ? Cult. This tree should be grown in a mixture of loam and peat. Young cuttings will root under a bell-glass, if planted in sand. XVII. SPATULA'RI A (from spatula, a spatula ; form of petals). St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 491. t. 24. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Mono- FIG 66 gynia. Calyx small, 5-parted, rather unequal (f. 66. c.}, deci- duous. Petals 5, elliptical, in- serted at the base of the calyx (f. 66. &.), with long claws, spa- tulate, rather unequal, deciduous, with the claws conniving into a tube (f. 66. &.). Stamens 5 (f. 66. fl.), inserted in the base of calyx and alternating with the petals, deciduous ; filaments flat ; anthers drawn out at the apex into a membranous point (f. 66. a.) affixed by their base, open- ing lengthwise from the front to the sides. Style 1, tapering at the base (f. 66. e.), and denti- culated at the apex. Stigma hardly manifest (f. 66./.). Ovary free, 1 -celled, many-seeded (f. 66. d.) ; ovulse numerous, fixed to 3 parietal placentas. Shrub. Leaves alternate and opposite, simple, toothed. Stipulas caducous. Peduncles 1-4, terminal, bracteate at the base, 1-3-flowered ; pedicels erect, jointed, and when there are three together they constitute a little umbel. 1 S. IONGIFO LIA (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 492. t. 24.) Pj . S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro in old woods on a mountain called Corcovada, but very rare. Petals white or pale violet. Long-leaved Spatularia. Fl. Oct. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. For propagation and cultivation see Ceranthera. XVIII. HYMENANTHE'RA (from K/IIJ», hymen, a mem- brane, and avdripa, anthera, an anther ; alluding to the anthers being terminated by a membrane, or probably from the scales en the back). Banks herb, ex R. Br. cong. p. 23. LIN. SYST. Penldndria, Monogynia. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, alternate, ovate, acuminated, at last reflexed, longer than the calyx, obliquely imbricated in aestivation (R. Brown). Structure of stamens approaching to Ftola, but closed together at the base into a monodelphous disk ; with a scale opposite each on the back. Style very short. Stigmas 2, acute. Capsules somewhat baccate (when dry rough and reticulately veined) thin, ovate (1-celled, 1 -seeded ?) 2-celled ; cells 1-seeded (R. Brown) covered by the permanent calyx, petals, and stamens. Seeds conforming to the capsule and filling the same, hanging from the nerviform placenta (as in Viola). Structure of seed between the Violaneae and Polygalece, ex R. Brown. Shrubs branched. Leaves coriaceous, sometimes solitary and alternate, sometimes in fascicles. Flowers small, axillary. Peduncles solitary, 1- flowered, furnished with 2 bracteas at the base of each. 1 H. ANGUSTIFO'LIA (R. Br. in herb. Banks and D. C. prod. 1. p. 315.) leaves linear, quite entire. Tj . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land at Port Dalrymple. Flowers yellow. Narrow -leaved Hymenanthera. Shrub 6 feet. 2 H. DENTA'TA (R. Br. in herb. Banks and D. C. prod. 1. p. 315.) leaves oblong, denticulated. lj . G. Native of New Holland near Port Jackson. Flowers yellow. Toothed-leaved Hymenanthera. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1824. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. These shrubs will thrive best in a mixture of loam and peat, and young cuttings will root readily under a bell-glass, if planted in sand. XIX. PIPA'REA (fromPipari, the name of the tree in Guiana) Aubl. guian. 2. suppl. p. 31 . t. 386. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, or Polydndria, Monogynia. Sepals equal, permanent, at length reflexed at the apex. Petals equal ? Filaments 10-15? awl-shaped, permanent, erect, shorter than the calyx, smooth, with the same number of appendages, these alternate with the stamens and are oblong and very hairy, all connected together and girding the ovary. Capsule ovate, tri- quetrous, 1-c'elled, 3-valved. Style filiform; stigma 3-parted (Gsert. fil.) Capsule 3-valved, 1-celled, opening laterally from the top, covered densely on the inside with velvety brown down ; valves bearing the seeds in the middle, one only in each valve, they are globose and velvety (2 of which are generally abor- tive). Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, scarcely stalked, feather-nerved, furnished with 2 caducous stipulas. Pedicels very short, 1 -flowered, axillary, solitary, or numerous, jointed ? Perhaps this genus is truly pentandrous, if so it belongs to Violarieae, but if polyandrous it ought perhaps to be placed in Tiliacece. 1 P. DENTA'TA (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 31. t. 386.) flowers solitary or twin ; leaves elliptical or acuminated, brownish-velvety be- 1 DROSERACE^E. I. DROSERA. 313 neath ; capsules acuminated, smoothish. Ij . S. Native of Cayenne in woods. Alsodea Piparea, Sprang, syst. 1. p. 807. Toothed-leaved Piparea. Shrub 5 feet. 2 P. MULTIFLO'RA (Gaert. fil. carp. 3. p. 231. t. 224. f. 1.) flowers numerous ; leaves oblong, acuminated, smooth beneath ; capsule rather obtuse, velvety. Tj . S. Native of Cayenne. Many-flowered Piparea. Shrub 5 feet. Cult. For propagation and cultivation see Ceranthera, p. 342. ORDER XXII. DROSERA'CE^l (plants agreeing with Dro- sera in many important characters). D. C. Theor. 214. prod. 1. p. 317. Droserese, Sal. parad. no. 95. Calyx of 5 permanent equal sepals (f. 68. c.) imbricate in the bud. Petals 5, hypogynous, distinct (f. 67. b. f. 68. a.) or constituting a gomopetalous corolla, as in Romanzbwia, alternating with the sepals, usually marcescent. Stamens free, permanent, sometimes equal in number to the petals (f. 67.)> when this is the case they alternate with them, sometimes double, triple, or quadruple that number (f. 68.). Anthers 2-celled, birimose. Ovary 1, sessile (f. 67. e. f. 68. c.). Styles solitary (f. 68.) 3 (f. 67. 6.) 5, sometimes joined at the base, sometimes distinct, divided at the apex (f. 67. &.)> rarely simple. Capsule 1-3-celled, 3 (f. 67. g.) 5 (f. 68. c.) valved ; valves bent inwards more or less at the edges, and opening from the top, sometimes with a seminiferous nerve in the middle of each valve, sometimes only bearing the seeds at the base of the valves. Seeds disposed in two rows along the middle nerve, or crowded at the bottom of the capsule ; they are ovate, shining, naked, or wrapped in a thin follicular arillus. Albumen cartilaginous or fleshy. Embryo straight, slender, with thickish cotyledons, and an obtuse radicle which is turned towards the hilum. This order contains but a small group of plants, inhabitants of bogs, marshes, or inundated grounds ; they are remarkable for the abundance of glandular hairs with which all parts of the herbs are usually clothed ; sometimes, though rarely, the plants are extremely smooth, as in Parndssia. They are all perennial evergreen herbs, only 2 of which are in any way frutescent. The leaves are alternate, the young ones are always rolled up in a circinnate manner, so remarkable in ferns. The petioles are usually furnished with stipular hairs at the base. The young peduncles are usually rolled up in a circinnate man- ner. The flowers are blue, purple, yellow, white, or tinged with red. The medicinal properties of the plants appear to be trifling ; the leaves of all have the power of curdling milk. The order differs from Violariece in the styles being seldom solitary, in the leaves being rolled up in a circinnate manner, before expan- sion not involute. It differs from Polygaleae in the flowers being regular, not irregular, in the capsules being many-seeded, not 1-2-seeded, as well as in the leaves being stipulate, not exsti- pulate It differs from all the neighbouring orders in the re- markable habit of plants of which Drosera, Dionata, and Par- ndssia give a very good idea. It is almost impossible to intro- duce seeds in a living state. Synopsis of the genera. I DRO'SERA. Sepals and petals 5 (f. 67. c.) without appendages. Stamens 5. Styles 3 (f. 67. 6.) 5,2 or many-parted. Bog plants, ornamented with red irritable glandular hairs. 2 ALDROVA'NBA. Sepals and petals 5, without appendages. Stamens 5. Styles 5, short, filiform. Stigmas' obtuse. A floating water plant, with whorled leaves, having a bladdery com- plicated limb. 3 ROMANZO'WIA. Sepals 5, connected at the base. Petals 5, joined into a 5-cleft deciduous corolla. Stamens 5, inserted at the bottom of the tube. A plant with kidney-shaped toothed leaves. 4 BY'BLIS. Sepals and petals 5, without appendages. Sta- mens 5. Style 1, filiform. Stigma 2-lobed. A bog plant with linear leaves ornamented with glandular hairs. 5 RORI'DULA. Sepals and petals 5, without appendages. Sta- mens 5. Style 1. Stigma 3-lobed. A small bog shrub, with linear leaves, ciliated with glandular hairs. 6 DROSOPHY'LLUM. Sepals and petals 5, with the claws ap- proximate. Stamens 10. Styles 5, filiform. A small shrub with linear leaves, beset with stipitate glands. 7 DION*' A. Sepals and petals 5 (f. 6 8. a.). Stamens 10-20. Style 1 (f. 68.). Stigma orbicular (f. 68.). A smooth bog plant, with 2-lobed irritable leaves, which are ciliated on the margins. 8 PARNA'SSIA. Sepals and petals 5. Scales or abortive sta- mens 5, these end in glandular bristles. Stigmas 4, sessile. Smooth bog herbs with roundish leaves. I. DRO'SERA (from Spoaepos, droseros, dewy ; because the plants appear as if covered with dew, in consequence of being beset with glandular hairs). Lin. gen. 391. Lam. ill. t. 220. D. C. prod. 1. p. 317. LIN. SYST. Penttindria, Tri-Pentagynia. Sepals and petals 5 (f. 67. c), not appendiculated. Stamens 5. Styles 3 f. 67. 6.) 6-8, 2 or many-parted. Herbs inhabiting boggy sphagnose places. Leaves ornamented with reddish irritable glandular hairs, dis- charging from their end a drop of viscid acrid fluid. These hairs have been thought irritable, so as to contract when touched, imprisoning insects somewhat in the manner of Dioncea Mus- cipula. SECT. I. RORE'LLA (from ros roris, dew, see Genus). D. C. prod. 1. p. 317. Ros-s61is, Tourn. inst. t. 127. Styles sim- ple, or 2-3-parted, with the lobes entire and somewhat capitate at the apex. § 1. Acaules, Stemless. Leaves radical, usually rosulate. Scapes naked. 1 D. ACAU'LIS (Thunb. prod. 57.) leaves oblong, obtuse, narrowed at the base; scape very short, 1 -flowered. I/. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white. ? Stemless Sun-dew. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1821. PL | foot. 2 D. UNIFLO'RA (Willd. enum. 340.) leaves roundish, on short footstalks ; scape short, 1 -flowered. If. . F. Native of the Straits of Magellan. Flowers white or red. One-flowered Sun-dew. Fl. Jul. Aug. PL -| foot. 3 D. PYGM^E'A (D. C. prod. 1. p. 317.) leaves roundish, pel- tate, on long footstalks ; stipulas scarious ; scape 1 -flowered. O- G. Native of New Holland on an island in the entrance to Jervis's Bay. D. pusflla, R. Br. ined. but not of Humboldt. Pygmy Sun-dew. PL 1 inch. 4 D. PAUCIFLO'RA (Banks, herb, and D. C. prod. 1. p. 317.) leaves obovate-oblong, tapering at the base ; scape beset with glandular hairs, 1-2-flowered ; petals thrice as large as the 344 DROSERACE^l. I. DROSERA. calyx. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white or red. Few-flowered Sun-dew. Fl. July, August. Clt. 1821. PL i foot. 5 D. PUSI'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 390. t. 490. f. 1.) leaves spatulate, glandular, with an obovate limb, upper surface as well as margins beset with hairs, scapes 2-3- flowered, and are glabrous as well as the calyx ; seeds somewhat globose. If. . S. Native in humid sandy places on the banks of the river Orinoco. D. biflora, Willd. in Rcem. et Schult. syst. 6. p. 763. Flowers red ? Stipulas palmately-5-parted. Small Sun-dew. Fl. July, Aug. PI. -| foot. 6 D. TENE'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 391. t. 490. f. 2. Willd. in Roem. et Schult. syst. 6. p. 763.) leaves spatulate, with an obovate-roundish limb, upper surface as well as margins beset with glandular hairs ; scapes capillary, elongated, 2-3- flowered, and are glabrous as well as the calyx ; seeds oblong. •y.. S. Native of New Andalusia in alpine situations. Like D. capillaris. Flowers purple ? Pliant Sun-dew. Fl. July, Aug. PI. -j foot. 7 D. UMBELLA'TA (Lour. fl. coch. ed. Willd. 1. p. 232.) leaves ovate, on long footstalks ; scape naked at the apex, umbellately 5-flowered. 1£ . G. Native of China. Flowers white. Umbellate-fiowcred Sun-dew. PI. -| foot. 8 D. BREVIFO'LIA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 211.) leaves wedge-shaped, on very short footstalks ; stipulas scarious, 3-5- cleft ; scape 1-4-flowered. O- H. Native in sandy swamps from Carolina to Georgia. Flowers rose-coloured. Short-leaved Sun-dew. Fl. June. PL 1 inch. 9 D. PALEA'CEA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 318.) leaves oblong, stalked ; stipulas scarious, acutely cut at the top ; scape erect, glabrous, twice as long as the leaves ; flowers in racemes at the top of the scape. O- G. Native of New Holland at King George's Sound. Flowers red ? Chaffy Sun-dew. PI. | foot. 10 D. TOMENTO SA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 343.) leaves elliptical-oblong, very blunt, on very short footstalks, with the margin and upper surface beset with glandular hairs, under sur- face villous ; stipulas ciliated to the middle ; scapes erect, to- mentose, but covered with glandular down at the top ; calyxes densely clothed with glandular hairs. 1£ . S. Native of Brazil in marshes on the mountains near Itambe in the province of Minas Geraes, at about the height of 2015 feet above the level of the sea. Hairs on the leaves white, but those on the scapes are brown. Flowers purple, all leaning to one side. Var. ft, glabrata (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 344.) scapes more or less glabrous. If. . S. Native of Brazil near the village called Mil- hoverde in that part of the province of Minas Geraes vulgarly called Distritodos-Diamantes, at about the height of 3700 feet above the level of the sea. Tomentose Sun-dew. PI. J to •£ foot. 11 D. HIRTE'LLA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 344.) leaves spatulate, covered with glandular hairs on both surfaces ; foot- stalks one half shorter than the limb of the leaf ; stipulas 3- parted, ciliated ; scape ascending at the base and covered with soft hairs, but with down towards the top ; calyxes clothed with glandular hairs. I/ . S. Native of Brazil in dried up marshes near the town of Formigas in the province of Minas Geraes, and on the mountains called Serra-dos-Pyreneos in the province of Goyaz. Flowers purple, leaning to one side. Var. ft, lutescens (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 345.) leaves smaller, obo- vate, usually naked on the under surface ; hairs on the scape manifestly stiffer and yellowish. Hairy Sun-dew. Fl. Ju. Jul. PI. £to| foot. 12 D. TRINE'RVIA (Spreng. anleit. 1. p. 298.) leaves spatu- late, wedge-shaped, sessile, 3-nerved ; scapes few-flowered, and Q. l/.S. Native Burm. zeyl. t. 94. are as well as the calyxes pubescent. Q, 11, G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers red ? Three-nerved Sun-dew. PI. ^ foot. 13 D. CUNEIFO'LIA (Thunb. prod. 57.) leaves obovately- wedge-shaped, sessile, reticulately veined ; scape few-flowered, and is as well as calyxes pubescent. If.. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burch. trav. 1. p. 57. cat. no. 599. Flowers red and white. Wedge-leaved Sun-dew. Fl. July, Aug. PI. J foot. 14 D. BURMA'NNI (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 50.) leaves spatulately wedge-shaped, sessile, reticulately-veined ; scape erect, few- flowered, and is as well as calyxes glabrous. of Ceylon, Coromandel, and perhaps China, f. 2. Flowers white. Burmanris Sun-dew. Fl. July, Aug. PI. J foot. 15 D. SESSILIFLORA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. ii. p. 341. t. 19. f. a.) leaves sessile, cuneated, very blunt at the apex, covered to the middle with glandular hairs, base and under surface naked ; stipulas ciliated ; scape flat, glabrous ; calyxes clothed with glandular pubescence ; style 5-parted ; stigmas 5-7-parted. Native of Brazil in marshes near Tapeira and Riachao in the desert called Certa6-do-Rio-S-Francisco in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers purple, leaning to one side. Sessile-leaved Sun-dew. Fl. July, Aug. PI. -| foot. 16 D. MARI'TIMA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. ii. p. 346. t. 19. f. b.) leaves spatulate, almost exstipulate ; with a wedge-shaped roundish border, upper surface clothed with glandular hairs ; margins ciliately jagged ; footstalks equal in length to the leaves ; scape short, filiform, terete at the base, but flattened at the apex, clothed with glandular down as well as the calyx. 1£. S. Na- tive of Brazil in the sea-sand near Ararangua at the termination of the province of St. Catharine and Rio-Grande-de-St.-Pedro- do-Sul, also on a mountain called Pao-de-Assucar on the sea- shore in the province of Cisplatine. Flowers purple, leaning to one side. Sea-side Sun-dew. Fl. Ju. Oct. PI. 2 inches. 17 D. SPATHUIA'TA (Lab. nov. holl. t. 106. f. 1.) leaves ob- long-spatulate, tapering somewhat into the footstalk ; scape glan- dular at the top as well as calyxes ; flowers almost sessile, dis- posed in short racemes. 0 . If. . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land and about Port Jackson. Flowers reddish ? (tyata/a/e-leaved Sun-dew. Fl. July, August. PI. f foot. 18 D. PETIOLA RIS (R. Br. ined. and D. C. syst. 1. p. 318.) leaves orbicular, peltate, on long footstalks ; footstalks, calyx, and scape thickly beset with hairs, which are not glandular. I/ . G. Native in New Holland near Endeavour River. Flowers red ? Matted-leaved Sun-dew. Fl. June, Aug. PI. i foot. 19 D. CAPILLA'RIS (Poir. diet. 6. p. 299.) leaves obovately- spatulate, on short footstalks ; scape erect, and is as well as calyxes glabrous. G- H. Native of Carolina and about Phila- delphia in sandy or gravelly swamps filled with Sphagnum. D. rotundifolia, Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 186. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 210. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from the European D. rotundifblia. Flowers white. Capillary Sun-dew. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? PI. \ foot. 20 D. MONTA'NA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 2. p. 342.) leaves short, oblong, very blunt, tapering into a very short footstalk at the base, upper surface and margins covered with glandular hairs, under surface pilose ; stipulas linear, jagged to the middle ; scapes flat, 3-5-flowered, covered with glandular down as well as the calyxes and pedicels. If. . S. Native of Brazil on the mountains called Serra-do-Papagayo on the southern part of the province of Minas-Geraes. Flowers red, leaning to one side. Mountain Sun-dew. Fl. March. PI. £ to f foot. 21 D. PARVIFO'LIA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 345.) leaves small, somewhat spatulate or obovate, very blunt, upper surface VIOLARIEVE. IV. VIOLA. 329 pulas awl-shaped, entire ; spur obtiue, very short. Tj . G. Native of the north of Africa in fissures of rocks. V. arho- rescens y serratifolia, D. C. prod. 1. p. 299. Flowers small, pale-blue, sometimes white. Var. fi, latifolia ; leaves rhomboidal-spatulate, remotely- toothed. fj . G. V. arborescens S, D. C. prod. 1. p. 299. Corky Violet. Fl. April, May. Shrub decumbent. 101 V. AKBOREA (Forsk. fl. yem. CXX.) stigma? stem round at the base, angular at the top, erect, simple ; leaves oblong, pointed at both ends, remotely toothed ; stipulas awl-shaped, entire ; spur very blunt, small. fj . F. Native of Arabia in Yemen. Perhaps the same as V. suberosa. Flowers probably pale-blue. Tree Violet. Fl. April, June. Shrub 1| foot. SECT. II. DISCHI'DIUM (from Sis, dis, twice, a-^t^ia, schizo, to cut ; in allusion to the 2-lobed stigma.) Ging. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 300. Stigmas without a beak, more or less 2-lobed at the apex, with a little hole situated between the lobes. Style tapering from the top to the bottom. Seeds oblong, approximate. Torus flattish. Capsules usually trigonal, few-seeded. Seminal leaves usually roundish. Small stemless plants, or with very short stems. Petals of all probably smooth. 102 V. PYGM^'A (Poir. diet. 8. p. 630.) stigma 2-lobed ? lobes diverging ; trunk of root thick, perpendicular ; leaves much crowded, linear, acute, sessile, with scabrous margins ; sepals linear; spur shortish; petals apiculate, smooth. %. H. Native on the Andes of Peru in the coldest places. V. alpina, Ruiz, et Pavon, in herb. Deless. ined. Flowers apparently purple. Pygmy Violet. PI. 1 inch. 103 V. COTY'LEDON (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. l.p. 300.) stigma bifid ; lobes reflexed ; trunk of root thick, twisted ; leaves much crowded, rhomb-spatulate, tapering at the base into the footstalk a long way, smooth, with cartilaginous entire margins ; sepals linear ; spur very short. 1£ . G. Native on high mountains in Chili. Capsule trigonal, oblong, with the peduncles spirally twisted at the top ; seeds ovate, 9-10, dark. Flowers probably purple. Cotyledon Violet. PI. | foot. 104 V. TRIDENTA'TA (Menzies, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 300.) stigma ? stems much branched, procumbent ; leaves crowded, obovate- wedge-shaped, 3 -toothed at the apex, coria- ceous, smooth ; sepals ovate, obtuse ; spur very short. T; . F. Native of Statenland on the peaks of mountains among snow. A tufted plant, more resembling A. saxifraga than A. viola. Three-toothed-\ea.\e&. Violet. Shrub J foot. 105 V. WALLICHIA'NA (Ging. mss. andD. C. prod. 1. p. 300.) stigma bifid ? lobes lamellated, divaricating ; leaves reniform or cordate, hairy on the nerves ; stipulas lanceolate, denticulated ; sepals awl-shaped ; spur awl-shaped, length of petals. 7£. H. Native of Nipaul towards the summit of Sheopore. Habit of V, biflora. Flowers like those of V, rostrata. V. reniformis, Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 451. Stem beset with a few shining hairs. Spur jointed, descending ; nectary elongated, capillary ; lower petal obovate-wedge-shapecl, apiculated. Flowers small, yellow, sweet-scented. Wallich's Violet. PI. 2 inches. 106 V. BIFLORA (Lin. spec. 1326.) stem erect, about 2- flowered ; stigma bifid ; lobes thick, diverging ; leaves reniform, serrated, smooth ; stipulas ovate ; sepals linear ; petals smooth ; spur very short ; seeds round-ovoid, brownish, obscurely dotted. y.. H. Native on humid mountains almost throughout the whole of Europe, Siberia, and the western coast of North Ame- rica. Sims, bot. mag. 2089. Fl. dan. t. 46. — Pluk. aim. t. 233. f. 7. and t. 234. f. 1. Flowers small, yellow, with the lip streaked with black. Roots creeping. There is a variety of VOL. i. — PART iv. this plant bearing only one flower on each stem. See J. Bauli. hist. 3. p. 545. f. 1. Two-famered Violet. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1752. PL 3 inches. 107 V. CALEYA'NA ; caulescent; stems slender, spotted; leaves reniform-cordate, or cordate, mucronulate, crenated ; sti- pulas lanceolate, acute, with one tooth on each side at the base ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, entire, acute ; petals smooth ; spur a hollow pouch. If . F. Native of New Holland. Habit of V. biflvra and the flowers are about the same size. Stigma unknown. Caley's Violet. PL £ to £ foot. SECT. III. CHAHLEMELA'NIUM (from •xap.ai, chamai, dwarf, and jutXae ^eXavoe, melas melanos, black, in opposition to the next section.) Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 300. Stigma round, capitate, ornamented on both sides below with a fascicle of hairs, and with a minute sublateral hole at the tip. Style compressed, clavate. Stamens oblong, approximate. Torus flat- tish. Capsules usually trigonal. Seminal leaves usually roundish. Two lateral petals bearded at the base. 108 V. TRIPARTITA (Ell. sket. 1. p. 302.) leaves 3-5, lobed, pubescent ; lobes lanceolate-toothed ; stipulas ovate, entire or serrulated ; sepals acute. If. H. Native of Georgia near Athens. Flowers yellow, on long slender peduncles. Perhaps V. hastata var. /3 villosa of Le Conte. Three-parted-leaved Violet. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823. PL i foot. 109 V. NUTTA'LLII (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 174.) smooth ; stem simple, erectish ; leaves lanceolate-ovate, entire or obscurely toothed, tapering down the footstalk, with the nerves and mar- gins pubescent ; stipulas long, linear-lanceolate, entire ; sepals lanceolate, acute, entire behind ; lateral petals bearded. If . H. Native on the banks of the Missouri near the confluence of Rock River. Flowers small, yellow, but purplish on the under side. This is the only species of Violet on the plains of the Missouri from the confluence of the river Platte to Fort Mandan. Nuttall's Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. PL J foot. 110 V. PR^MO'KSA (Doug. mss. in bot. reg. 1254.) stemless; peduncles longer than the leaves ; leaves ovate-oblong, hairy, entire ; stipulas lanceolate, quite entire ; sepals linear, pilose. If . H. Native of North America on the banks of the river Columbia, and the plains of the river Aguilar in California. Flowers yellow ; petals beardless ? the lower one streaked at the base. Root thick, fleshy, praemorse. Like V. Nuttdllii. Preemorse- rooted Violet. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1828. PL J ft. 111 V. HASTAVTA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 149.) smooth; stem simple, erect ; leaves cordate-ovate, rarely halbert-shaped, serrated, smooth ; stipulas small, awl-shaped, toothed ; sepals lanceolate, acute, sub-dentate ; spur very short. If . H. Native of North America in Georgia near Athens, but according to Pursh. on high mountains from Pennsylvania to Carolina. Elliot, sket. p. 151. Flowers yellow, purplish on the under side. Leaves usually marked with discoloured dots. Var. ft, glaberrima (D. C. prod. 1. p. 300.) leaves rhom- boidal-lanceolate. 3f . H. Native of North Carolina in woods and on hills. Halbert-leaveA Violet. Fl. May, Ju, Clt. 1S23. PL 4 to f ft. 112 V. CANADE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 1326.) smooth; leaves ovate, cordate, crenated, acuminated, with downy nerves ; stipulas lan- ceolate, entire, membranous; sepals lanceolate, awl-shaped, entire ; petals entire ; spur very short, somewhat saccate ; cap- sules oblong, trigonal, very blunt ; seeds roundish-ovate, ches- nut-coloured. If. . H. Native of North America on mountains in shady woods, in rich moist situations from Canada to Carolina. Flowers outside purplish-blue, inside white and elegantly veined, sweet-scented. Stigma a little pubescent. U u 330 VIOLARIEyE. IV. VIOLA. Var. a ; stipulas narrow-lanceolate. V. Canadensis, Ell. sket. p. 301. Var. ft ; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, ciliated ; bracteas ciliated in the middle. V. albiflora, Link, enum. 1. p. 241. Flowers pure white. Canadian Violet. Fl. June. Clt. 1783. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 113 V. FUBE'SCENS (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 290.) villous ; stems simple, rather decumbent ; leaves cordate, acu- minated, serrated ; stipulas large, ovate, serrated at the top or entire ; sepals oblong-lanceolate ; spur very short, somewhat sac- cate ; ovary smooth. l/.H. Native of North America in shady woods, among rocks, particularly limestone rocks, from New York to Virginia, abundant about Philadelphia. Flowers yellow. Stigma with two tufts of hairs. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 223. Pubescent Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1772. PI. i foot. 114 V. ERIOCA'RPA (Schwein, amer. journ. 5. no. l.)roughish; stems assurgent, branched ; leaves cordate, acute, sometimes reniform ; stipulas ovate-serrate ; spur very short, somewhat sac- cate ; fruit densely villous. Tf. . H. Native of North Carolina. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 102. V. pubescens ft. Ker. bot. reg. 390. Flowers yellow. This plant differs from V. Pennsylvania, in the whole plant being villous, not pubescent, as well as in the stem being branched. Stigma with 2 lateral tufts of hairs. Woolly-fruited Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. j ft. 115 V. PENNSYLVA'NICA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 149.) pubescent ; stem simple, erect ; leaves cordate, acuminated, serrated ; stipulas oblong-ovate, serrated at the apex or entire ; spur short ; ovary densely villous. I/ . H. Native of North America, abundant about Philadelphia. Flowers yellow. Stigma ornamented with 2 lateral tufts of hairs. Pennsylvanian Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1772. PI. £ ft. 116 V. UNIFLORA (Lin. spec. 1327.) radical leaves reniform, stem ones ovate, acuminated, deeply-toothed, pubescent ; stipulas lanceolate-awl-shaped, furnished with glandular teeth ; sepals ovate: spur broad, short, saccate. %. H. Native of Siberia in boggy places. — Gmel. fl. sib. 4. p. 101. t. 48. f. 5. Flowers yellow. Leaves large, two on the top of each stem. One-flowered Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1774. PI. | foot. 117 V. MACRO'CERAS (Ledeb. icon. pi. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 219.) stemless, smooth ; leaves cordate, crenate-serrated, acute ; pe- duncles almost equal in length to the leaves ; sepals bluntish, smooth, shorter than the thick, cylindrical spur ; two lateral petals bearded ; stigma bearded. T£. H. Native of Siberia in humid places on the banks of rivulets near Buchtorninsk. Root thick, articulated. Flowers violet, sweet-scented. Like V. Kamtschatica of Ging. We have placed this plant in this sec- tion on account of its having a bearded stigma. Long-horned Violet. Fl. April, May. PI. i foot. SECT. IV. MELA'NIUM (a name given to V. tricolor by some old botanists ; it is derived from /ue\ac ptXavof, melas melanos, black ; because of the dark colour of the flowers of some of the varieties of that plant.) D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 301 — Jacea, D. C. fl. fr. Violse tricolores of old authors. Stigma urceolate, ornamented on both sides below, with a fascicle of hairs, and furnished with a large aperture with a lip at the bottom. Style tapering from the top to the bottom. Stamens triangular, connected. Torus concave, and therefore the ovary appears half inferior. Capsules obsoletely 6-sided. Seeds very numerous, 40-60. Seminal leaves usually ovate. The 3 lower petals have bearded claws. Stipulas all toothed or bristly-serrated. 118 V. NUMMULARIFOLIA (All. ped. no. 1640. t. 9. f. 4.) very smooth ; stems branched, decumbent ; leaves roundish, entire ; stipulas lanceolate, 3-cleft or bristly-toothed ; sepals oblong ; spur shortish. I/ . H. Native on rocks in the Alps of Piedmont and Dauphiny. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 804. Flowers blue, with darker stripes. Var. ft, minima (D. C. prod. 1. p. 301.) I/. H. Native of the Alps of Corsica. — Bocc. mus. 2. p. 163. t. 127. Money-wort-leaved Violet or Pansy. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. PI. | foot. 119 V. ALPI NA (Jacq. obs. 1. p. 21. t. 1 1 .) stem very short ; leaves tufted, ovate-roundish, somewhat cordate, crenated, on long footstalks ; stipulas lanceolate, scarcely toothed, adhering ; sepals oblong, bluntish ; spur tubular, blunt, shorter than the sepals. 11 . H. Native on the summits of the loftiest moun- tains of Austria, and the Carpathian mountains. Flowers dark- blue, with darker stripes. . Alpine Violet or Pansy. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. i ft. 120 V. CORNU'TA (Lin. spec. 1325.) root fibrous, stems as- cending, diffuse ; leaves cordate-ovate, crenated, ciliated ; sti- pulas obliquely-cordate, toothed, ciliated ; sepals awl-shaped ; spur awl-shaped, elongated and abrupt at the base. I/. H. Native of Switzerland and the Pyrenees, and on mount Atlas. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 810. Curt. bot. mag. t. 791. A tufted plant, with pale-blue flowers. Horned Violet or Pansy. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1776. PI. | ft. 121 V. CENISIA (All. ped. no. 1641.) trunk of root some- what fusiform, woody ; stems diffuse, procumbent, undivided ; leaves spatulate-ovate, entire ; stipulas obovate, stalked, un- divided ; calyxes pubescent ; spur tubular, awl-shaped, acute, thrice as long as the hind lobes of the calyx. If. . H. Native on rocks in the Alps of Switzerland, Piedmont, and Provence. Flowers blue. Var. a, ovatifblia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 301.) leaves all oval, hardly pubescent. V. Cenisia, All. fl. ped. t. 22. f. 6. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 805. Var. ft, diversifblia (D. C. prod. 1. c.) lower leaves ovate, upper ones oblong, tomentosely-pubescent. "if. . H. Native of the Pyrenees. V. Cenisia, Lapeyr. abr. Like V. Cheiranthi- folia. Mount-Cents Violet or Pansy. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. PI. £ foot. 122 V. VALDE'RIA (All. ped. 2. p. 98. t. 24. f. 3.) trunk of root fusiform ; stems diffuse, procumbent, undivided; leaves all oblong and rather hispid and sinuated ; stipulas palmate ; spur tubular, slender, longer than the calyx. Tf. . H. Native of Piedmont. Flowers purple. Perhaps only a variety of the last. Valderian Violet or Pansy. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1759. PI. £ ft. 123 V. MINU'TA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 173.) stems simple, one- flowered, flaccid ; leaves roundish, crenated ; stipulas ovate, entire, ciliated ; spur scarcely the length of sepals. If. . H. Native of Iberia. Perhaps a variety of V. alpina. Flowers blue, about the size of those of V. odorata. Minute-flowered Violet, or Pansy. PL 1 inch. 124 V. GRA'CILIS (Smith, fl. graec. t. 222.) root creeping, stem branched, angular, diffuse ; leaves lanceolate, somewhat crenate, the upper ones crowded, opposite, either smooth or downy; stipu- las deeply 3-cleft ; spur slender, much longer than the auricles of the calyx, which are toothed. If . H. Native on mount Etna. V. calcarata, var. E. Jithnensis, D. C. prod. 1. p. 302. — Cup. pamph. ed. bonon. t. 138. Bracteas toothed at the base in a hastate manner. Flowers about the size of V. lutea, of a dull purplish blue, occasionally yellow. Slender Violet, or Pansy. Fl. June, July. PI. | foot. 125 V. CHEIRANTHIFO'LIA (H. B. pi. aequ. 1. p. 111. t. 32.) velvety ; root thick, woody ; stems ascending ; leaves lanceo- late, quite entire, tapering into the footstalk ; stipulas linear ; spur tubular, rather acute, scarcely the length of the sepals. If. . G. Native of the Canary Islands, at the top of the moun- tain called Pico-Teyde. Flowers violaceous. VIOLARIEyE. IV. VIOLA. 331 Cheiranthus-leaved Violet, or Pansy. PI. £ foot. 12C V. CALCARA'TA (Lin. spec. 1325.) root fibrous, diffuse; stems short, simple, tufted ; leaves spatulate-roundish, or elon- gated, crenate ; stipulas palmatifid, or trifid ; sepals oblong, glandularly-denticulated ; spur awl-shaped, longer than the calyx ; nectary scarcely twice the length of stamens ; seeds ovate. Tf. . H. Native in pastures on the higher mountains from Austria to Provence, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 810. A very variable species. Var, ft, Halleri (D. C. prod. 1. c.) stem short ; stipulas cut, hardly ciliated ; flowers large blue. — Hall. hist. no. 566, var. a. p. 243. t. 17. "H.. H. Native with the last. Var. y, albtflbra (D. C. prod. 1. c.) stem short ; stipulas cut, scarcely ciliated ; flowers large, white. % . H. Native of the Alps of Savoy. — Hall. hist. no. 566. var. J3, III. Var. $, Bertolonii (D. C. prod. 1. p. 302.) stems elongated ; lower leaves ovate, upper ones elongated, and are, as well as palmatifid stipulas, smoothish. Tf.. H. Native in the Apen- nines, about Genoa, on the top of mount Scaggia. V. Berto- lonii, Pio. diss. 34. t. 3. f. 2. — Cup. pamph. ed. bonon. t. 99. Flowers large, purple. Var. £1 decipiens (D. C. prod. 1. c.) stems elongated ;~ leaves and stipulas hispid ; sepals lanceolate, rather hispid. Flowers blue? If.. H. Native in the Eastern Pyrenees. V. hispida, Lapey. abr. 123. Spurred Violet, or Pansy. Fl. March, July. Clt. 1752. PI. | to ^ foot. 127 V. VILLARSIA'NA (Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 388.) pu- bescent ; stem short ; leaves radical, primordial ones ovate- rounded, the rest of the lower ones lanceolate, upper ones oblong and linear-lanceolate ; stipulas pinnatifid ; lower petal oblique, truncate. 11 . H. V. calcarata, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 666. Flowers blue. Spur awl-shaped, longer than the sepals. Villars's Violet. Fl. May, July. PI. i foot. 128 V. ZO'YSII (Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 4. p. 295. t. 11. f. 1.) root fibrous ; stem quite simple, hardly so long as the footstalks ; leaves ovate, crenate, smooth ; stipulas elliptical-lanceolate, undivided, nearly entire; spur thrice as long as the auricles of the calyx. I/ . H. Native of the Alps of Carinthia and Carniola. This plant is easily distinguished from V. calcarata, by the stipulas never being lobed, although in some instances there will be found a slight lateral notch. The plant, moreover, is smaller, perfectly smooth, and green, never glaucous, and the spur rather thicker. Petals large, yellow, with black lines at the bottom, sometimes partly tinged with blue. Baron de Zoys's Pansy. Fl. March, July. Clt. PI. \ foot. 129 V. ORE'ADES (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. 167.) stem short; leaves oblong ; stipulas pinnatifid ; segments obtuse ; sepals acute, den- ticulated ; spur tubular, obtuse, length of the calyx ; 2 lateral petals bearded. I/. H. Native of Tauria, on the tops of moun- tains. Perhaps merely a variety of V. amafna ? Flowers pur- ple or yellow. Oreades Violet, or Pansy. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. PI. i ft. 130 V. AMCE'NA (Sym. syn. ex Smith, bot. no. 1287. in a note) stem short ; leaves round ; stipulas pinnatifid ; lobes obtuse ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, entire ; spur tubular, obtuse, length of the calyx. If. . H. Native on mountains in Scot- land. Flowers very large, purple ; petals roundish. Pleasing Violet, or Pansy. Fl. June, July. Scotland. PI. i to -| foot. 131 V. ALTAI'CA (Ker. bot. reg. t. 54.) stem short ; leaves oval ; stipulas cuneiform, with acute teeth ; sepals acute, denticulated ; spur very short, scarcely so long as the appen- dages of the sepals. %.. H. Native on the Altaian mountains. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1776. V. grandiflora, Sievers. V. Pallasii and V. chrysantha, Fisch. cat. hort. gorenk. Root creeping, slender, hard. Flowers large, yellow. Stigma urceolate. Var. /3, purpurea, (D. C. prod. 1. p. 302.) Flowers large, purple. V. Altaica purpurea. Fucli in litt. Altaian Yellow Violet, or Pansy. Fl. March, June. Clt. 1805. PL i foot. 1S2 V. GRANDIFLORA (Lin. mant. 120.) stems angular, un- branched, tufted ; leaves ovate-oblong, crenate ; stipulas pinnati- fid, somewhat lyrate ; bracteas minute, with a tooth on each side at the base ; spur twice the length of the hind lobes of the calyx ; sepals much toothed, and dilated at the base ; spur cylindrical, slightly curved. If. . H. Native of Siberia ? The whole plant is like V. lulea, but every part is twice the size, and the stipulas are very distinct, being pinnatifid in their lower half only, not palmate. Flowers large, yellow, with the two lateral sepals bearded at the base, and marked like the lip with a few black lines. This is probably the V . chrysantha of Fisch. in litt. Great-lowered Violet, or Pansy. Fl. April, July. Clt. PI. | foot. 133 V. SUDE'TICA (Willd. enum. suppl. 12.) root fibrous, dif- fuse; stems almost simple; leaves ovate-oblong; stipulas pal- matifid, with entire lobes ; sepals lanceolate ; petals wedge- shaped, crenated, with long distinct claws ; spur awl-shaped, acutish, stretched out, longer than the ears of the sepals; seeds ovate. I/ . H. Native in meadows on the Alps and mountains of Europe, particularly Germany. V. grandiflora, D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 620. and almost of all other authors. V. saxa - tilis, Schmidt, fl. boh. p. 233. Flowers large, yellow. Var. j3, calaminaria(D. C. prod. 1. p. 303.) stems ascending; leaves rather remote, ovate ; flowers yellow. 1{. . H. Native in dry pastures, and among reeds near water. V. Hltea, D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 619. exclusive of the synonymes. Var. y ? media (D. C. prod. 1. c.) stems elongated, erectish ; leaves remote ; flowers purple. I/ . H. Native on the moun- tains of Jura and Auvergne. Var. S, ramosior (D. C. prod. 1. c.) stems branched ; leaves rather remote, ciliated ; flowers 3-coloured. I/ . H. Native about Verviers, (Lejeune.) V. Rothomagensis, var. D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 619. Perhaps a variety of V. tricolor, or perhaps a known species. German Violet, or Pansy. Fl. May, August. Clt. 1805. PI. ^ to | foot. 134 V. LU'TEA (Huds. ed. 1. p. 331.) root fibrous, slender ; stems triangular, simple ; leaves ovate-oblong, crenate, fringed ; stipulas palmatifid ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; petals wedge- shaped, with long distinct claws ; spur the length of calyx. I/. H. Native in moist mountainous pastures in Wales, north of England, and in Scotland. Smith, eng. bot. 721. V. gran- diflora, Huds. ed. 2. p. 380. Flowers yellow, larger than those of V. tricolor, with blackish, branched, radiating lines ; the lateral petals are palest, the two upper ones sometimes purple. When all are purple, as sometimes happens, Hooker says this is the V. amcJna of authors. All the petals are bearded at the base. Yellow Violet, or Pansy. Fl. May, September. Britain. PI. -J- foot. 135 V. PROSTRA'TA (Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 582.) root simplish, stems decumbent ; lower leaves roundish, upper ones oval, all of which are rather cordate, and grossly crenate, rather hairy ; stipulas pinnatifid, with the middle lobe oblong, and entire; spur hardly stretched, obtuse. ^.H. Native on tops of mountains in the Island of Teneriffe, as well as in the Apen- nines. V. Ludovicea, Jan. in litt. Petals cream-coloured, streaked with black. Prostrate Violet, or Pansy. Fl. June, September. Clt. 1 824. PI. i foot. 136 V. ROTHOMAGENSIS (Desf. cat. 153.) hispid, or pilose ; root rather fusiform ; stems zigzag, branched, diffuse ; leaves U u 2 332 ovate, but the lower ones are somewhat cordate, crenate, fringed ; stipulas pinnatifid, rather lyrate ; spur tubular, obtuse, shorter than the sepals ; nectaries shorter than the stamens ; seeds ob- long-obovate. I/. H. Native on cretaceous rocks, and in fields from Rouen to Melda. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 809. Pio. diss. t. 2. Sims, bot. mag. 1498. V. hispida, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 679. V. pilSsa, Donn, cant. ed. 3. p. 40. Scarcely differing from V. tricolor. Flowers bright blue, the side petals and lip striped with black. Bracteas near the flower, large, lanceolate, with a tooth on each side. Rouen Violet, or Pansy. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1781. Pl.^ft. 137 V. DECLINA'TA (Walds. et Kit. hung. 3. p. 248. t. 223.) root rather fusiform ; stem branched, declinate ; leaves lanceo- late, oblong, smooth, crenate ; stipulas pinnatifid, ciliated ; spur thick, blunt ; sepals elongated, y . H. Native of Hungary, Transylvania, and Italy, among broken rocks. V. tricolor, S, declinata, Ging. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 303. Flowers pale blue, larger than the calyx. Declinate Violet, or Pansy. Fl. May, August. Clt. 1817. PI. i foot. 138 V. TRI'COLOK (Lin. spec. 1326.) root somewhat fusi- form ; steins branched, diffuse ; lower leaves ovate-cordate, deeply crenate ; stipulas runcinately-pinnatifid, with the middle lobe crenated ; petals incumbent, with short claws ; spur thick, obtuse, not stretched out ; nectaries short ; seeds oblong-ovate. O- H. Native in cultivated fields and gardens throughout Eu- rope, Siberia, and North America ; plentiful in Britain. Smith, eng. bot. t. 1287. Woodv. suppl. t. 252. Curt. lond. fasc. 1. t. 65. Bracteas very small, scarcely evident. Petals very vari- able in colour and size. This fs a very variable species, or more probably a heterogeneous mass of species collected. Heart's-ease has ever been a favourite flower with the people, and has many provincial names, all bearing some allusion to love. In days of superstition it was called Herb Trinity ; probably from the three-coloured flowers. Hearts-ease is the general name by which it is now known ; its more elegant name, Pan- sies, is from the French pensee. The meaning is alluded to by Shakspeare, in Hamlet, — " There's pansies, that's for thoughts." Heart's-ease was represented by old writers on the Materia Medica, as a powerful medicine in epilepsy, ulcers, scabies and cutaneous complaints. Haase, who administered it in various and in large doses, extended its use to many chronic disorders ; and from the great number of cases in which it proved successful, it seems to deserve farther trial. Heart's-ease, when strongly bruised, exhales a smell resembling peach-kernels. Distilled with water, whether it be fresh or dried, it gives a little volatile oil, of a very acrid taste, having the above-mentioned smell. The corolla yields to water a highly colouring principle. Var. a, hortensis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 303.) petals intensely velvety, much larger than the calyx. Fl. dan. 603. Var. ft, degener, (D. C. 1. c.) somewhat branched ; flowers 3-coloured, rather velvety ; petals a little larger than the calyx ; stipulas large. In cultivated fields. Var. y, alpestris (D. C. 1. c.) stem elongated ; leaves remote ; flowers sulphur-coloured, spotted with purple, larger than the calyx. In meadows on the Alps. V. lutea, Tratt. tab. 43. V. lutea and saxatilis, Schmidt, fl. boh. no. 257 and 259 ? Var. S, crassijblia (D. C. 1. c.) leaves large, thickish ; flowers yellow, scarcely larger than the calyx. In Neustria, by the sea-side. Var. c, calycina (D. C. 1. c.) leaves large, ovate, rather crowded : calyx large. In the mountains of Teneriffe. Var. '(,, appendiculata (D. C. 1. c.) leaves tapering to both ends ; calyx drawn out much at the base, larger than the corolla. Between Bagdad and Kermancha. Perhaps the same as e, caly- . IV. VIOLA. Var. n, purpurea (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate ; sepals shortish, broad, drawn out much at the base ; flowers purple, larger than calyx. In Armoracea. Var. i, ovatifolia (D. C. 1. c.) stems diffuse, branched ; leaves ovate ; flowers 3-coloured, scarcely longer than the lanceolate sepals. Var. K, arvensis, (D. C. 1. c.) stems branched, assurgent ; petals yellowish, blue, or purple spotted. Frequent in sandy cultivated fields. V. arvensis, Sibth. 84. — Riv. pentap. Jorr. t. 122.— Math, valgr. 2. p. 525. f. Pet. h. brit. t. 37. f. 9. This is most likely a distinct species. Var. \, sabuldsa (D. C. 1. c.) stems many, diffuse ; leaves remote, ovate, elongated ; sepals narrow-lanceolate, hardly shorter than the corolla. In sand by the sea-side in Belgium and France. Perhaps V. Bannatica, Kit. Var. fi, graciiescens (D. C. 1. c.) stems almost simple, elon- gated, erect; sepals narrow, usually longer than the two-coloured corolla. In fields near Bern. Var. v, trimestris (D. C. 1. c.) stem erect, very slender ; sti- pulas very small ; sepals linear. About Lisbon. V. tricolor trimestris flore variorum colorum elegans, Grisl. vir. lus. Var. £, hirta (Ging. mss. et D. C. 1. c.) velvety-hairy ; flow- ering earlier than April. Stipulas pinnatifid at the base. In Vallais. Perhaps V. Kitaibeli&na, Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 383. Var. o, bellwdes (D. C. 1. c.) rather hispid ; stems very short; leaves roundish, crowded; petals shorter than the calyx. In sandy places about Montpelier, and in the Nebrodes of Sicily. V. parvula, Tineo. pug. sic. 5. no. 3. Three-coloured Violet, Heart's-ease, or Pansy, &c. Fl. April, October. Britain. PI. ^ to -| foot. 139 V. TENE'LLA (Poir. in. Lam. diet. no. 53.) lower leaves roundish, minute, upper ones somewhat alternate, oblong, obtuse, all smooth and entire ; peduncles rather longer than the leaves. Q. H. Native of Syria. V. tricolor, var. IT. nana, D. C. prod. 1. p. 303. This plant is rather remarkable in having the lower leaves opposite. The cotyledons remain even to the time of flowering. Tender violet. Fl. May, July. PI. 2 inches. 140 V. BI'COLOR (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 174.) mostly smooth ; stem triquetrous, erect, simple, leafy ; leaves toothed, radical ones roundish, or spatulate, upper ones ovate, or lanceo- late ; petioles short ; stipulas large, pinnatifid or palmate, mid- dle lobe longer and broader, the rest linear-oblong, all obtuse, and ciliated ; peduncles tetragonal, much longer than the leaves ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated, emarginate behind ; two lateral petals bearded ; stigma rather pubescent, hardly beaked. Q. H. Native of North America, in fields in New Jersey, New York, and of Pennsylvania and Virginia. V. te- nella, Le Conte in ann. lye. new york, 2. p. 152. V. arvensis, Elliot. Flowers white, tinged or veined with blue or purple, yellow at the base. According to Pursh. there are specimens in Mr. Lambert's Herbarium, gathered by Pallas in Siberia, which correspond with the North American plant. Two-coloured Violet. Fl. May, July. PI. f foot. SECT. V. LEPTI'DIUM (from Xevros, leptos, slender ; form of style.) Ging. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 304. Stigma proboscis- like, truncate, with a minute hole at the tip. Style awl-shaped, flexuous. Stamens oblong, approximate, 2 of which are usually furnished with longer terminal appendages than the others. Torus flattish. Capsule 3-lobed or triangular, few-seeded. The petals of all are perhaps smooth. 141 V. RUBE'LLA (Cav. icon. 6. p. 20. t. 531. f. ].) stems erect ; leaves ovate or oblong, acute, crenate-serrate, shorter than the peduncle ; stipulas lanceolate, setaceously-toothcd ; VIOLARIE^E. IV. VIOLA. 333 spur conical, short. Tj . G. Native in Chili about San Carlos. Flowers reddish. Membranes of stamens obtuse. Var. a, latifolia (Ging. in Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 410.) leaves ovate-oblong ; peduncles nearly equal in length to the leaves. >j . G. In St. Carlos de Chili. Var. /3, angustifblia (Ging. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, ; peduncles longer than the leaves. Tj . G. In Chili at Talcaguana. Red-flowered Violet. Shrub 1 foot. 142 V. CORCHORIFO'LIA (Domb. herb, et D. C.prod. 1. p. 304.) pubescent ; stems erect ; leaves ovate, acute, crenate-serrate, unequal at the base, with the serratures exserted and apiculated ; stipulas lanceolate, setaceously-jagged ; spur very broad, sac- cate ; capsules ovate, trigonal. Jj . G. Native in Peru about Huanaco. V. punicea, Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb. Flower vermilion. Leaves rather cordate at the base. Corchonis-leavedViolet. Shrub 1-2 foot. 143 V. CHAMISSONIA'NA (Ging. mss. in Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 408.) stem shrubby, oblique ; leaves ovate, acuminated, ta- pering into the petiole at the base, serrated ; serratures remote, appressed ; stipulas lanceolate, lacerately-toothed ; spur short, broadly saccate ; membranes of stamens all obtuse. Tj . G. Native of the island of O Wahu. Plant smooth. The leaves re- semble those of Priinus domestica. Flowers violet, sweet- scented. Sepals lanceolate, acuminate. Chamisso's Violet. Shrub \ foot. 144 V. CAPILLA'RIS (Pers. ench. 1. p. 256.) shrubby, climb- ing, smoothish ; branches angular ; leaves ovate, unequal at the base, somewhat cordate, sharply serrated, with the ser- ratures exserted ; stipulas oblong, acute, trifidly awned at the top, peduncles shorter than the leaves ; sepals acute ; lower petal obovate, roundish, apiculate ; spur very short, saccate ; ter- minal membranes of 2 lower stamens elongated, awl-shaped ; nectariferous appendages broad, rounded at the base, trun- cate at the top, shorter than the cells ; seeds with fuscous dots. Jj . w. S. Native of New Granada. V. stipularis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 372. but not of Swartz. Flowers pale blue. CVy>z7/ary-jagged-stipuled Violet. Sh. climbing. 145 V. SETO'SA (Smith, in Rees' cycl.) shrubby, branched, smoothish ; branches flexuous ; leaves ovate, acute, serrated, 4 times longer than the petiole ; stipulas lanceolate, with capillary serratures ; peduncles equal or double the length of the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; spur short, saccate. -V. stipularis, Cav. icon. 6. p. 20. t. 531. Tj . G. Native of Chili at Talcaguana. Flowers pale blue. Bristly-stipuled Violet. Shrub 1 foot. 146 V. TRACHELIIFO'LIA (Ging. ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 97.) shrubby, smooth ; leaves on short footstalks, ovate-cordate, acuminated, sharply-toothed ; stipulas lanceolate, quite entire. 1? . G. Native of Sandwich Islands, particularly in O Wahu. Flowers small. Throat-worl-leaved Violet. Fl. Shrub 1 foot. 147 V. SCA'NDENS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 371. t. 493.) shrubby, climbing, glabrous; branches rather an- gular, striated ; leaves cordate-ovate, crenated, glabrous ; sti- pulas oblong, dentately-ciliated ; peduncles length of leaves ; sepals acuminated ; lower petal obovate-oblong ; spur saccate, short ; 2 lower stamens with terminal, elongated membranes ; nectariferous appendages, oblong, obtuse, shorter than the cells ; stigma bluntish. Jj . S. Native of Peru near Loxa, at the height of 3180 feet. Petals violaceous, smooth. Climbing Violet. Shrub climbing. 148 V. ARGU'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 373.) shrubby, twining ; branches terete, hairy ; leaves profoundly cordate, sharply serrated, upper surface puberulous, under sur- face hoary ; footstalks villous ; stipulas lanceolate, setaceously- jagged ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; sepals acute ; lower petal obovate, mucronate ; spur broad, very blunt, scarcely one half shorter than the lamina ; two of the stamens with longer obtuse reflexed membranes ; nectariferous appendages, ovate, truncate, a little shorter than the anthers ; seeds covered with glandular dots, brown. T; . G. Native of Peru in cold woods be- tween Gonzana and Loxa at the height of 3180 feet. Flowers flesh-coloured, smooth. Sharp-serrated-leaved Violet. Shrub twining. 149 V. STIPULARIS (Swartz, fl. ind. occid. 3. p.1956.) glabrous; stems reptant ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, with blunt, pressed, serratures ; stipulas oblong, acuminated, furnished with long cilise ; spur very short ; two of the stamens with longer awl-shaped, recurved membranes. Tj . S. Native in the islands of Guadaloupe and St. Christopher. V. persica- risefolia, Poir. diet. 8. p. 628. Flowers blue or white. Stipular Violet. Shrub trailing. 150 V. GRACI'LLIMA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 449. t. 22. f. a.) caulescent, very smooth ; stem filiform ; leaves small, broadly- cordate, obsoletely and remotely toothed ; stipulas lan- ceolate-awl-shaped, hardly toothed ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; sepals acuminated ; petals beardless. If. . S. Native of Brazil in moist pastures. Flowers violaceous ; spur short, saccate. Anthers ending in a membrane at the apex, anterior two appendiculate on the back, and with terminal hooked processes, the rest with erect terminal processes. Style awl-shaped. Very-slender Violet. Fl. Nov. PL £• to •§ foot. 151 V. SUBDIMIDIA'TA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 450.) caulescent, very smooth ; leaves ovate-cordate, acute, unequal- sided, toothed ; stipulas oblong-lanceolate, ciliately jagged ; pe- duncles shorter than the leaves ; sepals ovate-oblong ; petals beardless, acuminated ; style awl-shaped, curved. If. . S. Na- tive of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, near the town called Villa Rica, at the height of about 3700 feet above the level of the sea. Flowers pale violet. Spur short, saccate. Anthers almost as in V. gracillima. Suldimidiate Violet. Fl. Jan. PI. \ to 1 foot. 152 V. CONFE'RTA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 453.) caules- cent, very smooth ; leaves crowded, ovate-lanceolate, acute, finely-toothed ; stipulas broadly linear, very blunt, ciliately- jagged ; peduncles equal in length to the leaves ; sepals lan- ceolate, linear, acute ; style awl-shaped, in form referable to the letter S. "If. . S. Native of Brazil in the southern part of the province of St. Paul in humid pastures and shady woods near the town of Castro. Root creeping. Flowers white. Crowded-leaved Violet. Fl. Feb. PI. i to £ foot. 153 CERASIFO'LIA (St. Hil. mem. mus. 11. p. 451.) caules- cent, very smooth ; leaves approximate, lanceolate, acute, toothed ; stipulas oblong-lanceolate, acute, auricled at the base, ciliary- jagged ; peduncles usually shorter than the leaves ; sepals acu- minated ; style awl-shaped, incurved. 1£.S. Native of Brazil in very shady places of woods on the mountains called Serra- da Caraca not far from the town called Cahete in the province of Minas Geraes. Root creeping, slender, usually emitting runners from the base. Flowers violaceous. Far. ft, intermedia (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 453.) leaves somewhat ovate-lanceolate, rather distant, somewhat unequal-sided, y. . S. Flowers violaceous. Cherry-leaved Violet. Fl. Jan. PI. | to 1 foot. 154 V. DOMBEYAVNA (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 305.) gla- brous ; stems reptant ; leaves oval, cuneately narrowed at the base, serrated, with the serratures exserted and remote ; stipulas lanceolate-linear, setaceously-toothed ; spur very short. Jj . S. Native of South America. V. reopens, Domb. herb. Perhaps a variety of V. stipularis, Swartz. ? Flowers blue. Dombey's Violet. Shrub creeping. 334 VIOLARIEjE. IV. VIOLA. V. ERPETION. 155 V. PIL&SA (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Limuea. 1. p. 645.) stigma proboscis-like ; style clavate ; stamens oblong, connected ; capsules ovate-globose ; 4 superior petals hairy at the base ; leaves cordate, tapering into the petiole a little at the base, cre- nulate, pilose; stipulas oblong, setaceously-toothed, ciliated, erect. Stem stoloniferous. 7/ . S. Native of Java. Pilose Violet. PL creeping. 156 V. TRI'FIDA (Spreng. pug. 1. p. 22.) stem decumbent ; leaves somewhat trifid, tapering to the base, with the segments lanceolate, very entire ; calyxes hardly appendiculated behind ; spur much larger than the calyx. I/ . F. ? Native of? Flowers white. TYz/W-leaved Violet. Plant decumbent. •j- Species not sufficiently known. 157 V. GIBBO'SA (Rafin. dec. pi. nov. amer. sept, in litt. 1819.) caulescent, glabrous ; leaves on long footstalks, cordate-deltoid, crenated, obtuse, under surface pale ; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, entire ; petals glabrous ; spur gibbous, very short. If, . H. Native on the Allegheny Mountains in North America. Flowers yellow. Gibbous-spurred Violet. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. ? PI. \ foot. 158 V. SERPYLLIFOLIA (H. B. ex Willd. herb, in Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 391.) stems procumbent ; leaves linear-spatu- late, quite entire. If. . S. Native of South America. Unknown to Kunth. Wild- Thyme-leaved Violet. PI. procumbent. 159 V. TEUCRIIFOLIA (H. et B. ex Willd. herb, in Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 391.) leaves alternate, ovate, serrated ; stem shrubby, procumbent ; peduncles longer than the leaves, fj . S. Native of South America. Unknown to Kunth. Teucrium-leaved Violet. Shrub procumbent. 160 V. SCAVBRA (Brown, in flora 1820. p. 469.) almost stem- less ; leaves cordate, acuminated, scabrous ; sepals acute ; root creeping. If. 1 H. Native about Salzburgh. Scabrous Violet. PI. j foot. 161 V. CRASSIU'SCULA (Bory, ami. gen. 1820. vol. 3. p. 16.) stems decumbent, without bracteas? leaves alternate, stalked, ovate, oblong, quite entire, thickish ; flowers naked, on long peduncles. Native on Sierra Nevada in Spain. Tkickish-\en\ed Violet. PI. decumbent. 162 V. SELKI'RKII (Pursh. mss. ex Goldie. edinb. phil. journ. 1822. p. 319.) leaves cordate, crenate-serrated, rather pilose; petals beardless ; spur long, thick, very blunt. If.. H. Native on mountains near Montreal in North America. Flowers blue. Selkirk's Violet. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1822. PI. £ foot. 163 V. SPATULA' TA (Willd. reliq. ex Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 353.) leaves lanceolate-spatulate, fascicled, almost entire, pubescent. If.. H. Native of the province of Guilan on the Caspian sea. Spatulate-\eaved Violet. PI. i foot. 164 V. ALLEGHANE'NSIS (Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 560.) hairy ; leaves ovate and oblong-cordate rather entire ; footstalks broad, membranaceous ; 2 lateral petals bearded ; spur very short, saccate. If. . H. Native of North America on the Alle- ghany Mountains. Perhaps a variety of V. ovata? Flowers blue. Allegheny Violet. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1624. PL ^ foot. 165 V. LABRADO'RICA (Schrank. denk. I. bot. Gesell. regensb. II. p. 12.) stem erect, branched; leaves orbicularly-cordate, acuminated ; stipulas lanceolate. If.. H. Native of Labrador. Labrador Violet. Plant -| foot. 166 V. ELONGATA (Poir. diet. 8. p. 644.) glabrous; leaves elliptical, quite entire, stalked; flowers solitary on long pe- duncles ; stem weak ; capsules very smooth ; seeds rufous, glo- bose. I/ ? H. Native of North America. Elongated-pedunded Violet. PI. \ foot. 167 V. PRBNELL^EFO'LIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 370.) very smooth ; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, rounded at the base, obsok'tely cordate, crenate ; stipulas ciliated ; calyxes acute ; petals retuse, smooth ; spur somewhat saccate, short, rounded ; style clavate above, thickened ; stigma lateral, truncate. "0? . G. Native of South America about Santa Fe de Bogota, at the height of 4110 feet. Flowers violaceous. Perhaps allied to V. hirta. Style club-shaped ; stigma truncate. Prunella-leaved Violet. PI. \ foot. 168 V. TJMBRACTI'COLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 370.) caulescent, procumbent ; leaves ovate, bluntish ; running into the footstalk at the base, denticulated, upper sur- face glabrous, under surface as well as footstalks and peduncles beset with a few hairs ; stipulas dentately-ciliated ; calyxes linear, acute ; lower petal rounded, with a saccate, short spur, rounded at the base, with the rest of the petals obovately-spatulate ; dorsal appendages of stamens oblong, obtuse, compressed, one- half shorter than the cells ; ovary ovate, smooth ; ovulse 22, disposed in 2 rows. Style cultriform ? stigma obtuse. If. . G. Native of Mexico in woods near Real del Monte, at the height of 4278 feet. Flowers violaceous. Petals smooth, about the size of those of Viola palustris. Shaded-hill Violet. PI. procumbent. 169 V. CHAM^EDRIFO'LIA (Ruiz, et Pav. in herb. Lamb, and D. C. prod. 1. p. 306.) stems ? leaves ovate, toothed ; 2 lateral petals bearded. Native in Peru. Perhaps V, ttucriifblia. Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 391. ? or perhaps a variety of V. rubella, Cav. Germander-leaved Violet. PI. 1 foot. 170 V. KAMTSCHA'TICA (Ging. in Schlecht. Linneae. 1. p. 406.) stigma triangular, marginated ; leaves cordate ; stipulas lanceolate ; sepals ovate, acuminated ; spur cylindrical, rounded at the top, longer than the sepals. I/ . H. Native of Kamts- chatka. Petals purple. Very like V* hirta. Kamtschatka Violet. PI. J foot. Cult. Almost every species of Violet deserves to be cultivated in gardens, the greater part for the beauty of their flowers, and others for their scent, such as the varieties of Viola odorata. The hardy perennial species are well adapted for ornamenting rock-work or the front of flower-borders, but the smaller species should be grown in small pots in a mixture of loam, peat, and plenty of sand. The American species do best in vegetable mould or peat ; those species which are natives of woods are well adapted for growing under trees, and those natives-of bogs or marshes should be planted in moist situations. They are all readily increased by seeds or parting the plants at the root. The annual species may be sown in the open borders or on rock-work. The greenhouse and stove species should be grown in a mixture of loam and peat, the herbaceous kinds of them should be in- creased by dividing at the root or by seeds, and the shrubby kinds should be propagated by cuttings, which will root freely if planted under a hand-glass, those of the stove species in heat. The species marked frame should be always preserved in pots, that they may be protected during winter by a frame. The Neapolitan violet, a variety of V. odorata forces well, and where there is a stove or warm pit may be had in flower throughout the winter and early part of spring. V. ERPE'TION (from epTrnrof, erpetos, creeping, and lov, ion, the Greek for violet, in allusion to the creeping rooting stems). D. C. in herb. Lamb. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 170. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Character in almost every respect the same as Viola, but the lower petal is not drawn out into a spur at the base, and the anthers are des- titute of dorsal appendages. The sepals are scarcely produced at the base. Filaments united at the apex ; lobes of anthers VIOLARIEiE. V. ERPETION. VI. SOLEA. VII. POMBALIA. 335 distinct, diverging at the base. Stigma inconspicuous. Small tufted plants, with running rooting stems, and roundish or kid- ney-shaped leaves, 1 -flowered peduncles, and beautiful blue flowers mixed with white. The roots of all are perpendicular. 1 E. RENIFO'RME (Sweet, fl. gard. 170.) stem creeping, root- ing ; leaves crowded, kidney-shaped, repandly-toothed, punctate ; stipulas linear-awl-shaped, acuminated ; sepals lanceolate, hardly drawn out into auricles ; petals reflexed ; the two lateral ones are furnished with a beard on the upper side. I/ . F. Native of New Holland about Port Jackson. Erpetion cymbalaria, D. C. in herb. Lamb. Viola reniformis, R. Br. ined. Viola hede- racea, Hook. exot. bot. 225. Flowers blue mixed with white. Kidney-shaped-leaved Erpetion. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1823. PI. creeping. 2 E. HEDERA'cEUM(Lab. spec. nov. holl. 1. p. 66. t. 91. under Viola), stem short, stoloniferous ; leaves crowded into fascicles, roundish, somewhat cuneated at the base, crenated, punctate ; stipulas awl-shaped, ending in a bristly acumen ; sepals hardly drawn out at the base into auricles. % . F. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Flowers blue and whitish. This is a much smaller plant than the last. The two lateral petals are arched, with a tuft of hairs on the upper side. Root perpendicular, simple. Peduncles about twice the length of the leaves. Ivy-like Erpetion. PI. creeping. 3 E. PETIOLA'RE; stems stoloniferous ; leaves crowded in fas- cicles, kidney-shaped-truncate at the apex, repandly-toothed ; sti- pulas lanceolate, ending in bristle-like acumen ; sepals hardly drawn out at the base into auricles ; peduncles and petioles very long, even from 6 to 9 inches. I/ . H. Native of New Holland and Van Diemen's Land. Viola gracilis, R. Br. ined. V. he- deracea y, petiolaris, D. C. prod. 1. p. 305. Petals smooth. Slender Erpetion. PI. creeping. 4 E. SPATHULA'TUM ; stoloniferous ; leaves on long footstalks, obovate-roundish, toothed, smooth ; peduncle slender ; flower nodding ; spur very short. "Ij. . H. Native of New Holland. Viola spatulata, Sieb. V. Sieberiana, Spreng. syst. app. p. 96. Perhaps a species of Viola. Spatulate-leaved Erpetion. PI. creeping. Cult. These are elegant little plants, and deserve to be culti- vated in every garden. They will suit well for rock-work, or to be grown in pots and placed among other alpine plants ; they are all easily increased by separating the runners. All the species require protection in severe weather. VI. SO' LEA (in honour of William Sole, an acute English botanist, author of Menthse Brittanicae, 1 vol. fol. Bath, 1798.) Ging. mss. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 306. — Solea, spec. Spreng. pug. rar. 1. p. 22. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Sepals hardly equal, keeled ? not drawn out behind into auricles as in Viola, but running into the pedicel at the base (Nutt.), reflexed after flower- ing. Petals rather unequal ; lower one a little larger than the rest and a little gibbous at the base, the rest almost equal, con- volute in aestivation ? Stamens approximate, 2 anterior ones bear- ing each on the outside at the base a nectarial gland ? filaments rather unguiculate at the base, with the claws scarcely equalling the ovary in height, bearing the anthers a little higher up. Stigma hooked. Herb pilose. Stems twiggy. Leaves alternate. Peduncles 1 -flowered, short, axillary in pairs, but often solitary from abortion, each furnished with 2 little bracteas. 1 S. CO'NCOLOR (Ging. mss. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 806.) Tf.. H. Native of Pennsylvania on limestone rocks. Viola concolor, Forster in Lin. trans. 6. p. 309. t. 28. Perhaps the same as Solea strlcta of Spreng. 1. c. ? Flowers small, green. 5 elf-colour cd-fiowered. Solea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1788. PI. i to 2 feet. Cult. This curious plant may be grown in the open border or on rock-work. A limestone or chalky soil will suit it best. It may be either propagated by dividing the plant at the root, or by seeds. It will require protection in severe weather. VII. POMBAVLIA (in honour of Sebastian Joseph de Car- valho Marquis de Pombal, a famous Portuguese statesman). Vand. fasc. 7. t. 1. D. C. prod. 1. p. 306. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Sepals large, run- ning into the pedicel at the base, with the margins echinated with callose prickles. Petals unequal, 4 upper ones short, scarcely exceeding the calyx in length, the lower one 2 or 3 times longer than the rest, somewhat gibbous at the base, stipi- tately-unguiculate, with a broad limb with an involute margin. Filaments unguiculated at the base, with linear claws equal- ling the ovary, oblong, dilated at the top, bearing the anthers very high up, 2 of the filaments bearing each a nectarial gland on the back at the base. Lobes of anthers blunt at the top. Style straight ; stigma funnel-shaped. Capsule as in Viola, usually villous. Cotyledons generally orbicular, length of the terete radicle. Annual herbs, generally very villous. Root thickish, hard. Leaves alternate. Peduncles axillary, solitary, not jointed, bibracteolate. Flowers large, drooping. 1 P. I'TUBU (Ging. mss. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 307.) O- $ • S. Viola I'tubu, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 808. t. 318. bad. lonidium I'tubu, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. t. 496. I. Ipecacuanha et calceolaria, Vent. Itoubou is the name of the plant in Guiana. Var. a ; stems very hairy ; flowers white ; seeds whitish ; capsules villous. Native of Guiana and Brazil. Sims, bot. mag. 2453. V. Ipecacuanha et calceolaria, Lin. Var. ft ; stems very hairy ; flowers blue. Native in Cayenne. Viola I'tubu, var. flore caeruleo, Aublet. 1. c. Var. y ; stems smoothish ; flowers white ; ovary villous ; seeds black. Native in Brazil. Pombalia Ipecacuanha, Vand. fasc. 7. t. 1 . bad. Calceolar. Lcefl. itin. p. 1 84. no. 2. ? Perhf.ps V. Ipecacuanha of Lin. mant. 484. Var. S; indecora (St. Hil. mem. mus. 11. p. 481.) corolla shorter than the calyx, smooth ; filaments 3, sterile. Native of Brazil. lonidium indecorum, St. Hil. The roots of these plants are emetic, and probably the white ipecacuan of the shops ; beside these the name of ipecacuan is given to various species of Cynanchum,Asclepiast Euphorbia, Dor- stenia, Psychbtria emetica, but the best is the root of the Callicocca Ipecacuanha, which is called in the shops the Brown Ipecacuan. With regard to their comparative strengths, De Candolle says that vomiting is produced by 22 grains of Cyndnchium Ipeca- cuanha, 24 of Psychotria emetica, 60 or 72 of lonidium calceo- larium, and 1 to 3 drachms of Pombalia I'tubu. The root of this plant fills the place of the true Ipecacuan of the shops. M. Fernambouc regards it as the best remedy that can be employed in dysentery. Some of the inhabitants of Rio-Grantle-do- Norte assured M. Aug. St. Hilaire that they can radically cure the gout with a decoction of the roots. The roots are white within and greyish or reddish without ; they are sold by the inhabitants of Brazil for the true Ipecacuan, Callicocca Ipeca- cuanha. The Brazilian name of the plant is Poaya da praia or Poaya branca. Poaya appears to be a name used by the Brazi- lians for all emetic roots. Itoubou or White Ipecacuanha. Fl. July. Clt. 1822. PI. 1ft. Cult. Although these plants form small shrubs in their native country, they cannot be considered any more than stove annuals in this country, therefore the only mode of preserving them is by seeds, which should be sown in a hot-bed in the spring, where they should remain, or they may be removed into the stove in May. A mixture of peat and sand suits them best. 336 VIOLARIE.E. VIII. PIOEA. IX. IONIDIUM. VIII. PI'GEA (meaning unknown). D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 307. • LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Sepals unequal, run- ning into the pedicel at the base. Petals unequal, lower one 4 or 5 times larger than the rest, gibbous at the base, and unguiculate, with a dilated obovate flat limb, which is convolute in aestivation, the rest a little longer than the calyx. Filaments dilated from the base, bearing the anthers low down ; lobes of anthers usually drawn out into a bristle at the apex. Cap- sules generally trigonal, 3-valved ; seeds usually angular. Herbs or subshrubs. Leaves generally alternate. Flowers erectish. Peduncles bibracteolate, not jointed, solitary, often racemosely- crowded at the top of the branches. 1 P. FILIFO'RMIS (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 307.) stem erect, undivided ; leaves alternate, linear, quite entire ; lower petal obovate, entire; sepals lanceolate, acute. %. Q. G. Native in New Holland about Port Jackson. Flowers small, blue ? Filiform Pigea. PL | foot. 2 P.? BANKSIANA (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 307.) stem erect, puberulous ; leaves alternate, oblong-linear, quite entire, with revolute margins, upper surface roughish, as well as the awl-shaped stipulas ; lower petal much longer than the calyx ; seeds elliptical, white, striated 1 T? . G. Native of New South Wales. Viola angustifolia, Herb. Banks. Flowers small, blue ? Perhaps the same as the preceding. Banksian Pigea. Shrub 1 foot. 3 P.? CALYCI'NA (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 307.) stems branched ; leaves linear, quite entire ; lower petal lanceolate, acute; sepals ovate, acuminated. Q? G. Native in New Hol- land on the western coast. Flower small, blue ? Large-calyxed Pigea. PL •§• foot. 4 P. ? MONOPE'TALA (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 307.) stems branched ; leaves linear, quite entire ; lower petal spatu- 'ate, emarginate, the rest hardly evident ; sepals ovate. lonidium monopetalum, Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 400. One-petalled Pigea. PL | foot. Cult. The species may be grown in a mixture of loam and peat, and no doubt cuttings, if planted under a hand-glass in sand, will root readily, or they may be increased by seeds.-f IX. lONI'DIUM (iov, ion, a violet, and etSoc, eidvs, similar; resemblance). D. C. prod. 1. p. 307. lonidii, spec. Vent, malm. p. 27. Solea, spec. Spreng. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Sepals small, unequal, running into the peduncle at the base, but not appendiculate, with membranous margins. Petals unequal, lower one 2 or 3 times longer than the rest, carinately-concave and a little gibbous at the base, unguiculate, gradually dilating into the limb, with the margin usually involute in aestivation. Stamens approximate ; filaments scarcely oblong-dilated from the base, bearing the anthers low down ; the 2 anterior ones are usually furnished each with a nectarial gland at the base. Capsule as in Viola, but not elastic, falling off after maturity by the jointed part of the peduncle, 1-6, rarely 9-seeded. Cotyledons usually reniform ; radicle short. Herbs or subshrubs. Leaves sometimes alter- nate, sometimes opposite, or the lower ones opposite and the upper ones alternate. Peduncles solitary, 1 -flowered, furnished with 2 little bracteas above the middle and jointed. Flowers erectish. The roots of all the species are more or less emetic, The roots of several are used in Brazil as emetics under the name of Poaya or Ipecacuanha. § 1. Lip stipitate, twice or thrice longer than the calyx. II.? ANO'MALUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 381.) t. 500.) puberulous ; stem branched ; rameal leaves alternate, lanceolate-oblong, acuminate, serrated, upper surface glabrous, under surface hoary ; stipulas broad, ovate, acute ; sepals ovate- acute, silky-pubescent ; lip lanceolate, 4 or 5 times longer than the calyx, the rest of the petals ovate, acute. fj . S. Native in woods near Turbaco in New Granada. Viola prunif olia. Willd. rel. in Rim. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 391. Flowers white, rising before the leaves. Anthers linear-oblong ; 2 of which are fur- nished with hooked, descending appendages, which are villous at the apex, and these are drawn in within the jointed concave spur. Anomalous lonidium. Tree 20 feet. 2 I. RACEMO'SUM (Nees et Mart. act. bon. 12. p. 49.) herbaceous ; stem erect ; leaves lanceolate, serrated ; racemes axillary, furcately divided, leafy at the base and naked at the top : flowers very minute. T(. . S. Native of Brazil. Stem smooth at the base. Leaves rather pubescent. Flowers white. Sepals ciliated. Racemose lonidium. PL 1 foot. 3 I. PARIETARLEFO'LIUM (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 308.) stem branched, pubescent ; leaves alternate, elliptical, or ovate-lan- ceolate, acuminated, toothed, somewhat pubescent, two-coloured ; stipulas awl-shaped, ciliated ; sepals acuminated, ciliated ; limb of lower petal somewhat rhomboid. Q1 S. Native of South America. Flowers white or blue. Var. a, Houstbni (D. C. prod. 1. p. 308.) leaves sharply ser- rated ; stem hairy. Native about Vera Cruz and in Peru. Viola frutescens, Ruiz et Pav. ined. Var, /}, Berterii (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves rather serrated ; stem pubescent. Native in St. Martha. Viola melanosperma, Bertero ined. Seeds lenticular, ovate, dark, shining. Cotyle- dons reniform. Pcllitory-leaved lonidium. Fl. July. PL 1 foot. 4 I. LEPTORHI'ZUM (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 308.) stem simple or sparingly branched, smoothish ; leaves alternate, gla- brous, ovate, acute, toothed, tapering into the footstalk ; stipulas linear-awl-shaped; sepals very acute. ©.? S. Native of Malabar and Tranquebar in sand.— Rheed. mal. 9. p. 119. t. 61. — Pluk. aim. t. 120. f. 8. Hardly differing from the pre- ceding species. Two of the petals are rose-purple, the third blue. Slender-rooted lonidium. FL July. PL -| foot. 5 I. CAPE'NSE (Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 393.) stem suffru- ticose, erect ; leaves alternate, obovate, obsoletely-toothed, pu- bescent ; stipulas awl-shaped, ciliated ; sepals acute, ciliated. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Viola Capensis, Thunb. prod. 40. Viola Massoni, herb. Banks. Flowers white. Var. (3, Owariense (D. C. prod. 1. p. 308.) upper leaves lan- ceolate, somewhat crowded, under surface smoothish ; sepals pubescent ; lip very gibbous at the base. Native of Guinea in the kingdom of Waree. Flowers pale-blue. Var. y? Burrndnni (D. C. prod. 1. c.) upper leaves oblong- lanceolate, smoothish beneath ; lip obovate, gibbous at the base, pubescent on the outside. Native of the East Indies. Differing from I. heterophyllum, in the sepals being ciliated, not smooth. Flowers pale-blue. Cape lonidium. FL May, July. Clt. 1824. Shrub J to 1 ft. 6 I. HETEROPHY'LLUM (Vent. malm. no. 27. in adn.) stem suffruticose, branched at the base ; lower leaves obovate, upper ones linear-lanceolate, obsoletely toothed, pubescent ; stipulas awl- shaped, rigid ; sepals acuminated, glabrous. Tj . G. Na- tive of China and Ceylon. Poly'gala frutescens, Burm. fl. zeyl. 195. t. 85 ? Flowers pale-blue. Variable-leaved lonidium. Shrub ^ to 1 foot. 7 I. BUXIFOUUM (Vent. malm. p. 27. in adn.) stem herba- ceous, diffuse ; leaves alternate, obovate, entire, with revolute margins ; stipulas awl-shaped, rigid ; sepals acuminated, gla- DROSERACE^E. I. DROSERA. 345 and margins clothed with glandular hairs, under surface glabrous ; petioles villous ; scapes ascending at the base, 2-3-flowered ; segments of calyx linear, acute, covered with glandular down. If. . S. Native of Brazil in argillaceous bogs near the city of Joao-del-Rey in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers rose- coloured, secund. Small-leaved Sun-dew. Fl. ? PI. -| foot. 22 D. ROTUNDIFO'LIA (Lin. spec. 402.) leaves orbicular, foot- stalks hairy, longer than the limb ; scapes erect, 4-5-times higher than the leaves ; seeds arillate. 1£. H. Native in many parts of Europe, plentiful in Britain in mossy turfy bogs, generally among sphagnum. The whole disk of the leaf, but especially its margin, is beset with red inflexed hairs, discharging from their ends a drop of viscid acrid fluid. These hairs have been thought irritable, so as to contract when touched, imprisoning insects, somewhat in the manner of the American Dionce'a muscipula. Flowers white. Drev. et Hayne, pi. eur. 3. p. 40. t. 74. D. lon- gifolia, Smith, engl. bot. t. 867. Fl. dan. 1028. Var. ft, dislachya (D. C. prod. l.p. 318.) scape bifid, 2-spiked at apex. I/ . H. Native of Europe and North America. Round-leaved or Common Sun-dew. Fl. Jul. Aug. Brit. PI. -5- ft. 23 D. INTERMEDIA (Drev. et Hayne, pi. eur. 3. p. 43. t. 75. b.) leaves obovate on longer glabrous footstalks ; scapes ascend- ing, a little higher than the leaves ; seeds exarillate. If. . H. Native in many parts of Europe, plentiful in Britain along with D. rotundifolia in mossy turfy bogs, generally among sphagnum. D. longifolia, Lin. spec 403. D. rotundifolia, Smith, engl. bot. 868. Disk and edge of leaves beset with glandular hairs as in D, rotundifolia. Flowers white, often reddish. Styles 6-8. Var. fi, corymbosa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 318.) scape bifid, branches diverging ; flowers in cymose corymbs. I/ . H. Na- tive about the Hague. Var. y, Americana (D. C. 1. c.) scape simple ; leaves oblong- obovate. !{.. H. Native in swamps filled with sphagnum from Canada to Carolina. PI. j to 1 foot. Intermediate Sun-dew. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. -| to ^ ft. 24 D. COMMI/NIS (St. Hil. pi. usu. bras. no. 15. in mem. mus. 11. p. 349.) leaves spatulate with an obovate border, very blunt, upper surface as well as margins clothed with glandular hairs, under surface rather naked ; stipulas capillaceously-many- parted ; scapes rather ascending ; calyxes 4-parted, covered with glandular down. If. . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers pur- ple. This plant is considered good pasture for sheep in Brazil. Common Sun-dew. PI. i foot. 25 D. A'NGLICA (Huds. angl. 135.) leaves oblong, obtuse, narrowed at the base on glabrous footstalks rather longer than the leaves ; scapes erect, almost twice the length of the leaves ; seed arillate ; styles 8 ; capsules with 4 valves. If. . H. Native of middle and northern Europe in bogs, in several parts of Britain. Three miles from Carlisle towards Scotland ; in Lancashire and Bedfordshire. Abundant on bogs near Small- burgh House of Industry, Norfolk. In several parts of Scot- land. Gathered on St. Faith's bogs, Norfolk in 1781. Smith, engl. bot. t. 869. Pet. h. brit. t. 63. f. 12. Flowers white, but often reddish. Far.fi, subuniflbra (D. C. prod. 1. p. 318.) scape 1-2-flowered. If. . H. Native on Mount St. Gothard. English Sun-dew. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. \ foo* 26 D. IINEA'RIS (Gold, in edin. phil. journ. 182I> leaves linear, obtuse, on very long naked footstalk f.* radical; flowers few; calyx glabrous. I/. F. Kative in Upper Canada in bogs about Lake Simcoe. Flowers purple ? Zi'near-leaved Sun-dew. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. PI. 1 ft. 27 D. GRAMINIFO'LIA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 351. 1. 19. f. c.) leaves sessile, linear, long, erect, upper surface and margins clothed with glandular hairs, under surface villous ; VOL. i. — PART iv. stipulas ovate, ciliated at the apex ; scapes triangular, villous, simple. If.. S. Native of Brazil on the tops of the mountains called Serra-da-Caraca in the province of Minas Geraes ; at the height of 6000 feet above the level of the sea. Flowers purple, leaning to one side. Grass-leaved Sun-dew. Fl. Feb. PI. § foot. 28 D. SPIRA'LIS (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 352.) leaves linear, sessile, long, at last spirally twisted ; stipulas lanceolate, hardly ciliated at the apex : scape flattened, bifid, clothed with glandular down. If, . S. Native of Brazil on the mountains called Serra-de-Curumatahy at the rivulet called C;,rgo-Novo in that part of the province of Minas Geraes called Distritodos- Diamantes, at the height of about 3700 feet above the level of the sea. Flowers purple, leaning to one side. Spiral-leaved Sun-dew. Fl. July. PI. ^ foot. 29 D. FILIFO'RMIS (Raf. in Desf. journ. 1808. 1. p. 227.) leaves filiform, very long ; footstalks woolly at the base, much shorter than the leaves ; scapes erect, hardly equal in length to the leaves. If. . F. Native of North America in pine barrens of New Jersey near Tuckerton. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 211. D. tenuifolia, Willd. enum. p. 340. An elegant plant with large purple flowers. Stipulas complicately dissected. /V7j/brwz-leaved Sun-dew. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1811. PI. 1 ft. 30 D. VILLO'SA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 349.) leaves linear-lanceolate, tapering into the footstalk with the margins and upper surface clothed with glandular hairs, under surface villous ; footstalks villous ; stipulas 2-parted, ciliately jagged ; scapes erect, 4-times longer than the leaves ; seeds oblong, striated, transversely reticulated. If. . S. Native of Brazil on gravelly humid parts of the mountains called Serra-Negra in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers purple, leaning to one side. Villous Sun-dew. Fl. Jan. Feb. PI. 1 foot. 31 D. ASCE'NDENS (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 350.) leaves linear, rather tapering towards the base, under surface villous, upper surface and margins clothed with glandular hairs, even beyond the middle ; scapes ascending ; pedicels all bractless ; calyxes covered with glandular down. If.. S. Native of Brazil in gravelly humid parts of the mountains called Serra-de-Curu- matahy, on the northern part of the province of Minas Geraes, at the height of about 3700 feet above the level of the sea. Flowers purple, leaning to one side. Ascending Sun-dew. Fl. Sept. PI. g to 1 foot. 32 D. CAPE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 403.) leaves subradical, oblong- linear, obtuse, tapering at the base ; footstalks glabrous, shorte- than the limbs of the leaves ; scape rather ascending, sonr- hairy, longer than the leaves. !{.. S. Native of thp ' Good Hope.— Burm. afr. t. 75. f. 1. Flowers pi' Cape Sun-dew. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? §2. Caulescentes. Caulescef ^testem. S3 D. RAMENTA'CEA (Burc^ Vj& and D. C. prod. 1. p. 318.) stem erect, cov- Oiu deflexed leaves ; leaves on the top of the <•' jumewhat rosulate, on ciliated footstalks whv", .uan the limbs of the leaves ; stipulas cut. T- .,ve of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers sous Sun-dew. PL 1 foot. 'J. HI'LARIS (Schlecht. ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 126.)caules- ,jnt ; leaves rosulately crowded at the apex, spatulate-lanceolate, obtuse, beset with glandular pili, with the under surface and pe- tioles villous ; stipulas wanting ; racemes secund, bracteate. % . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers probably red. Cheerful Sun-dew. PL \ foot. 35 D. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 318.) stem as- cending ; leaves scattered, obovate, on glabrous footstalks, which are longer than the limbs of the leaves ; stipulas ciliately- 346 DROSERACE^E. I. DROSERA. II. ALDROVANDA. III. ROMANZOWIA. jagged ; flower-bearing peduncles 6-times longer than the leaves. i; . S. Native of Madagascar. Flower purple ? Madagascar Sun-dew. Fl. July. PI. £ foot. 36 D. FOLIO' SA (Ell. sketch. 1. p. 376.) caulescent; leaves oval, crowded, wedge-shaped at the base ; footstalks glabrous, elongated ; stipulas awl-shaped. % . F. Native in South Ca- rolina. Flowers white. Leafy Sun-dew. Fl. July, Aug. PI. \ foot. 37 D. CISTIFLO'RA (Lin. amoen. G. p. 85.) stem erect, simple ; leaves oblong-linear, sessile ; flowers few, on pedicels. I/ . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — Burm. afr. t. 75. f. 2. Flowers large, purple ; stamens and pistils black ; anthers yel- low. There are variations of this plant according to Thunberg with white or red flowers spotted at the base. Var. ft, violacea (D. C. prod. 1. p. 319.) leaves narrower; stem 2-flowered ; flowers violaceous. D. violacea, Willd. enum. 1. p. 340. Rock-rose-fionered Sun-dew. Fl. Ju. July. PI. $ to 1 foot. 38 D. I'NDICA (Lin. spec. 403.) stem branched ; leaves linear, surrounded by glandular hairs, on glabrous footstalks, which are scarcely narrower than the leaves ; pedicels and calyxes pube- rulous. I/ ? S. Native of Ceylon and Malabar. — Burm. Zeyl. t. 94. f. 1. — Rheed. mal. 10. t. 20. Flowers reddish. This plant is called by the Ceylonese Kandulaessa, from kan- dula, a tear ; because of the leaves being surrounded by glandular hairs, appearing- like drops of water or tears. Indian Sun-dew. PL -j foot. SECT. II. ERGA'LEUM (from epyov, ergon, work, and yctXa, gala, milk ? perhaps in allusion to the plants curdling milk, but this is the case with all the species). D. C. prod. 1. p. 319. Styles capillaceously-multifid (f. 67. 6.), like a hair pencil. §1. Caulescentes. Cauline leaves peltate. 39 D. LUNA'TA (Buch. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 319.) stem erect, glabrous ; radical leaves roundish-reniform ; cauline ones scattered, stalked, moon-shaped, peltate ; racemes lateral, few- flowered ; sepals ovate, acute, beset with glandular hairs on the margins. (•)• G. Native of Upper Nipaul at Suembu. Dro- sera peltata, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 212. Stem flexuous, slender. Flowers beautiful yellow. Lunated-leaved Sun-dew. Fl. July, Aug. 40 D. PELTATA (Smith, in """es1 cycl. no. 5.) stem erect, •-*; leaves scattered, stalk- ^mewhat triangular ; !•&. ' • calyxes ciliat- ed, wu. ?-*i-". TJ.. S. Native of IN,. < >rshy ground near Smith, exot. bot. t. . nov. holl. t. 106. f. 2. 1-u.. large, red. Radical leaves moon- shaped (f. 67.). PeZtate-leaved Sun-dew. Fl. Aug. Sept. PI. | foot. 41 D. BA'NKSII (R. Br. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 319.) stem erectish, glabrous, hairy at the apex between the flowers ; leaves scattered, stalked, peltate, orbicular ; calyxes hairy. Q. S. Native of New Holland near Endeavour river. Flowers rose- coloured ? Banks's Sun-dew. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 4 foot. 42 D. MENZI'ESII (R. Br. ined. and D, C. prod. 1. p. 319.) stem erectish, flexuous, glabrous, with branchlets rising from the axillae ; younger leaves somewhat fascicled, stalked, peltate, PI. J foot. FIG. 67. orbicular ; racemes 2-flowered, glabrous, calyxes ciliated. Q. S. Native of New Holland. Flowers rose-coloured ? Menzies's Sun-dew. Fl. Jul. Sept. PI. J foot. § 2. Acaulis. Stemless ; leaves divided, all radical. 43 D. BINA'TA (Lab. nov. holl. 1. t. 105.) leaves on long foot- stalks, deeply parted into 2 linear lobes. % . S. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Flowers white or reddish. Raceme di- chotomous. Ornate-leaved Sun-dew. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1823. Pl.j ft. 44 D. PEDA'TA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 357.) leaves on long foot- stalks, pedately or twice forked; lobes linear. I/ . S. Native of New Holland. D. dichotoma, Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 6. Flowers large, white. Pedate-leaved Sun-dew. PI. ^ to 1 foot. Cult. Drosera is a singular and beautiful genus of plants, with their leaves ornamented with red glandular hairs, discharg- ing from their ends a drop of viscid acrid juice. These hairs have been thought irritable, so as to contract when touched, im- prisoning insects, somewhat in the manner of the Dioncea musct- pula or Venus's fly-trap. They all grow in their places of natural growth on mossy turfy bogs ; those species, natives of Europe and America, grow among sphagnum on a peat, gravelly, or sandy soil, particularly the American species on the latter soil. They thrive best in cultivation in small pots, which should be filled three parts full of peat earth and some sphagnum planted on it, the plants should be then planted in the moss, and the pots should be placed in pans of water, or in boxes in the same manner, and even then the hardy species should be placed in the greenhouse, and those species from New Holland and the Cape of Good Hope, as well as those natives within the tro- pics, should be placed in the stove. They are all increased by seeds, which should be allowed to sow themselves, but as the seeds will not vegetate after a voyage, plants of the foreign species must be introduced in pots or boxes, in the same manner as re- commended for growing them. II. ALDROVA'NDA (in honour of Ulysses Aldrovandus, an old botanist ; author of Dendrologia Naturalis libri duo, in 1 vol. fol. Bonnoniae, 1667, once prefect of the botanic garden, Boulogne). Monti, act. bon. 2. p. 3. p. 404. t. 12. Lin. gen. 390. Lam. ill. t. 220. D. C. prod. 1. p. 319. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Pentagynia. Sepals and petals 5, not appendiculate. Stamens 5. Styles 5, filiform, short. Stig- mas blunt. Capsules globose, 5-valved, 1 -celled, 10-seeded. A water plant with whorled leaves, bearing bladders at the tip. 1 A. VESICULOVSA (Lin. spec. 402.). ^ . H. W. (All.) 0. H. W. (Savi.) Native of the south of Europe floating in stagnant water. Stems slender, herbaceous, almost simple. Leaves small, 6-9 in a whorl, approximate, narrow, wedge-shaped, bearing 5 or 6 threads, each terminated by a bladder. Flowers small, soli- tary, axillary, dirty-white. Anthers yellow. Petals hardly longer than the calyx. Peduncle 1 -flowered, longer than the flower. Fruit globose, the size of a pea. This plant bears its bladders almost in the same manner as Ulricularia, but in tufts. Bladdery Aldrovanda. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. floating. Cult. This plant should be grown in a marshy situation, or >'* ter in a peat soil ; if planted in pots half filled with some of :-coloured-flowered Milkwort. PI. ^ foot. 50 P. ELONGA'TA (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 265.) stem ascending ; leaves serrulated, lower ones obovate, upper ones oblong ; wings of calyx elliptical, shorter than the corolla. T{.H. Native of Sicily. Elongated Milkwort. PI. | foot. 51 P. MULTICAU'LIS (Tauch. in flor. 1821. p. 563.) flowers crested ; racemes lax, few-flowered ; wings of calyx elliptical, acute, shorter than the corolla, deeply 3-nerved, with veiny margins ; stems filiform, much branched, trailing ; leaves linear- lanceolate, acute. If. . H. Native 'of Switzerland. Flowers blue. Many-stemmed Milkwort. PL ^ foot. 52 P. RO'SEA (Desf. atl. 2. p. 128. t. 176.) lower leaves ob- long, obtuse, upper ones lanceolate ; stem erect, shrubby at the base ; wings of calyx oval, many-nerved, a little shorter than the corolla ; ovary on a very short stipe. T? . F. Native of the north of Africa near Tlemsen. Flowers rose-coloured, large. jRose-coloured-flowered Milkwort. Shrub 1 foot. 53 P. MA'JOR (Jacq. austr. t. 413.) leaves linear-lanceolate, acute ; stems erect ; wings of calyx ovate, many-nerved, a little longer than the corolla ; ovary on a long stipe. If. . H. Native of Italy, Austria, Greece, and the Levant, in mountainous mea- dows. Flowers rose-purple, double the size of those of P. vulgaris. — Buxb. cent. 8. p. 40. t. 70. f. 1. Zarger-perennial Milkwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1739. PI. 1 foot. 54 P. THURINGI'ACA (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 166.) stem ascend- ing, lower leaves spatulate ; wings obovate, shorter than the corolla, but equal in length to the capsule. 3£. H. Native of Thuringia and Italy. P. buxifolia, Reichb. Flowers blue or purple. Thuringian Milkwort. Fl. June, July. PI. -y foot. 55 P. OXY'FTERA (Reichb. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 166.) stem ascending ; leaves lanceolate ; wings acute, shorter than the corolla, and equal in length to the broad capsule. 1£. H. Na- tive of Germany and Denmark. P. vulgaris, Fl. dan. t. 516. Flowers blue and purple. Sharp-winged Milkwort. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ to § foot. 56 P. FLAVE'SCENS (D.C. cat. hort. monsp. 134.) leaves linear, rather lanceolate, acute ; stems ascending ; wings of calyx ellip- tical, acute at both ends, longer than the corolla and capsule. I/. H. Native on the Appenines. — Seb. pi. rom. fasc. 1. t. 1. Flowers yellowish. Yellowish-fiowered Milkwort. PI. |- foot. 57 P. VULGA'RIS (Lin. spec. 986.) leaves linear-lanceolate, bluntish ; stems ascending ; wings of calyx elliptical, bluntish, a little longer than the capsule, but somewhat equal in length or shorter than the corolla ; ovary almost sessile. T^.H. Native on gravelly heathy pastures and woods throughout Europe, plentiful in Britain. Flowers either blue, red, purple, white, or yellowish. Var. a, vera (D. C. prod. 1. p. 325.) stems erectish, lower leaves obovate, obtuse, upper ones linear, acute. Smith, engl. bot. t. 76. Vaill. par. 160, 161. t. 32. f. 1. Var. /3, pubescens (D. C. 1. c.) stems decumbent, and are as well as leaves pubescent. Rohd. journ. bot. 2. p. 359. Var. S, Verviana (Lej. fl. spa. 2. p. 92.) stems ascending; leaves lanceolate-linear ; flowers white. Var. c, acutifblia (D. C. 1. c.) stems erect; leaves linear; flowers middle-sized, blue. Var. Z, angustifolia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 325.) stems erect; leaves linear ; flowers middle-sized, rose-coloured. P. Mons- peliaca, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 388 ? Var. K, grandiflora (D. C. prod. 1. p. 325.) stems erect; leaves linear ; flowers large, rose-coloured. P. Monspeliaca, All. pedm. no. 1087. The Polygala vulgaris, like the rest of the European species, is bitter, and when given in infusion promotes expectoration, and is good for a catarrhous cough. Duhamel used it in pleuritic cases with effect. Linnaeus found the plant to possess the same properties as P. Senega, but in an inferior degree. The pow- dered root may be given in doses of half a drachm. Foreigners celebrate it as a grateful and nutritious food for cattle. Accord- ing to the Swedish experiments, kine, sheep, and goats eat it, but swine refuse it. Common Milkwort. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. -| to •£ ft. 58 P. COMO'SA (Schkuhr, handb. t. 194.) stem erect; lower leaves scattered, obovate, the rest linear ; bracteas longer than the flower; wings elliptical, longer than the capsule and co- rolla. Jj . H. Native of Germany. P. vulgaris var. y, elata, D. C. prod. 1. p. 325. Flowers purple or blue. Tufted Milkwort. Fl. May, July. PI. | foot. 59 P. AVSTRI'ACA (Crantz. aust. t. 2. f. 4.) stem ascending; lower leaves obovate, oblong ; wings 3-nerved, elliptical, equal in length to the corolla, shorter than the capsule. }/ . H. Na- tive of Germany, south of France, and Volhynia. Wings of flower greenish after flowering. P. decipiens, Bess. cont. 2. p. POLYGALEJE. I. POLYGALA. 353 73. V. amara, fl. Lith. P. uliginosa, Rchb. Flowers blue, or purple, or white. Plant very bitter. Austrian Milkwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. PI. -\ to | foot. CO P. ALPE'STRIS (Reichb. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. ICG.) stern ascending, lower leaves obovate-oblong ; wings obtuse, longer than the corolla, but equal in length with the broad capsule. If. . H. Native of Switzerland, France, Austria, and Volhynia, on the Alps. P. amara, Jacq. austr. t. 412. P. Vaillanti, Bess. cont. 2. p. 73. — Vaill. par. t. 32. f. 3. Perhaps P. hybrida, no. 62. Flowers blue. Alp Milkwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. PI. \ to ! foot. 61 P. AMA'RA (Lin. spec. 987.) radical leaves obovate, very blunt, cauline ones linear ; stems erectish ; wings of calyx ellip- tical, equalling the corolla in length ; capsules almost orbicular. If., H. Native of mountainous pastures of Europe, particularly Germany, Switzerland, France, and Austria. Flowers blue. Var. ft ? ccespitbsa (D. C. prod. 1 . p. 325.) flowers blue ; stems tufted, procumbent ; leaves linear, upper ones approximating the flowers. P. repens, Herat. — Sims, bot. mag. 2437. Var. y, alplna (Poir. diet. 5. p. 488.) flowers few, blue ; stems tufted, procumbent, very short ; lower leaves obovate. Var. c, obtusi/plia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 325.) flowers blue; stems tufted, procumbent, lower leaves obovate, very blunt. Probably the same qualities as are ascribed to P. Senega may reside in this, and it might be used as a succedancum for it. Gesner asserts, that an infusion of it is a safe cathartic. A tincture of 4 ounces of it, in a pint of Canary wine is ex- tremely bitter, and of a brownish colour. It is employed in the pleurisy, in malignant and milk fevers, and in phthisis pulmo- nalis. A drachm of the root in powder is given as a dose ; or an ounce of it is boiled in a pint and a half of water to a pint, and drank with milk. The stimulating and resolving principles are stronger in P. Senega, but this seems to abound more in balsamic resin. It is more efficacious than P. vulgaris, but that may be owing in a great measure to its mountainous or subalpine situa- tion. (Mart. Mill.) Bitter Milkwort. Fl, June, July. Clt. 1775. PL | foot. 62 P. HY'BRIDA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 325.) stem glabrous, erectish, simple, lower leaves oblong, the rest linear ; wings of calyx oblong, longer than the corolla. If. . F. Native of the Ural deserts in Siberia. This plant is intermediate between the two preceding species. Flowers blue. Hybrid Milkwort. FL June, July. PI. ^ to f foot. 63 P. PODO'LICA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 325.) stem erectish, gla- brous, simple ; leaves linear, acute ; bracteas awl-shaped, twice the length of the flower ; wings of calyx oblong, 1-nerved, equal in length to the corolla (white, with a green line on the middle). I/ . H. Native of southern Podolia. Flowers blue ? Podolian Milkwort. Fl. June, July. PI. £ foot. 64 P. MONSPELI'ACA (Lin. spec. 987.) stem erect, glabrous, almost simple ; leaves linear, acuminated ; wings of calyx oblong, 3-nerved, acute at both ends. O • H. Native on sterile places about the Mediterranean and the south of France. D. C. icon, rar. 1. p. 3. t. 9. Flowers pale rose-coloured or greenish, very small. Montpelier Milkwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PL f ft. 65 P. EXI'LIS (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 133.) stem erect, glabrous, much branched ; leaves linear, thickish ; wings of calyx oval, obtuse, 1-nerved, length of capsule ; raceme loose. O. H. Native in the south of France and Spain. P. linearis, Lag. P. nova, Boiss. fl. eur. 1. p. 474. f. 1. Flowers rose- coloured or blue. Slender Milkwort. Fl. July. PL £ foot. 60 P. GLUMA'CEA (Smith, prod. fl. graec. 2. p. 52. fl. graec. t. 670.) stem somewhat erect; leaves lanceolate-linear, acumi- nated ; wings of calyx elliptical-lanceolate, twice as long as the VOL. i. — PART iv. corolla, 3-nerved, obsoletely veined. 1£. F. Native in the island of Cyprus, and at Gibraltar. Flowers white, small. Chaffy Milkwort. Fl. June, July. PL f foot. 67 P. DI'SCOLOR (Hamilt. in herb. Lamb. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 199.) spike many-flowered; wings spatulate ; stem erect, simple ; lower leaves obovate or elliptical, reddish beneath, upper ones linear-lanceolate, mucronate. O- H. Native of Upper NipauL P. leptostachya, D. C. in herb. Lamb, P. lepta- lea and P. oligophylla, D. C. prod. 1. p. 325. Flowers small, pendulous. Two-coloured-leaveA Milkwort. PL -y foot. •f Species not sufficiently known, but evidently belonging to section Polygalon. 68 P. ELONGA'TA (Klein, in Willd. spec. 3. p. 879.) flowers crested ; racemes axillary, elongated ; stem branching from the base ; leaves linear, obtuse, mucronated, with rather ciliated margins. Q. S. Native of the East Indies near Hydrabad. Eltngated-racemed Milkwort. PL J foot. 69 P. LONGIFO'LIA (Poir. diet. 5. p. 501.) flowers crested; racemes spike-formed ; wing of flower oblong ; stem almost simple ; leaves very long, grassy, upper ones filiform. Q . S. Native of Java. Long-leaved Milkwort. Fl. July, Aug. PL ^ foot. 70 P. TRANQUEBA'RICA (Mart, ex Gcet. anz. 1817. p. 159.) flowers crested ; racemes few-flowered, lateral ; leaves linear, mucronated ; stems herbaceous, branched. O • S. Native on the shores of Tranquebar and CoromandeL Trunquebar Milkwort. PL \ foot. 71 P. MA'RTII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 332.) flowers crested; racemes lateral ; leaves lanceolate-linear, bluntish ; stems pro- cumbent, herbaceous. O ? S. Native of the East Indies. P. pu- bescens, Mart, ex Gcet. anz. 1817. p. 159. but not of Nutt. Marlins's Milkwort. PL ± foot. 72 P. VA'RIANS (Mart. 1. c.) flowers crested ; racemes axil- lary ; lower leaves obcordate or ovate, upper ones lanceolate ; stem herbaceous, branched, procumbent ; peduncles hairy. O? S. Native of Bengal. Varying Milkwort. PL ^ foot, 73 P. UMBRO'SA (Mart. 1. c.) flowers crested ; racemes axillary ; leaves oblong, acutish, tapering to the base, O ? S, Native of Bengal. Shaded Milkwort. PL | foot. 74 P. MACROPHY'LLA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 332.) flowers crested ; wings cordate-orbicular ; racemes axillary ; leaves obovate, emarginated. Tj . S. Native of Madagascar. — Vouhe Flac. mad. p. 136. no. 94. icon. Large-leaved Milkwort. Shrub 1 foot ? 75 P. RARIFO'LIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 33?.) flowers crested; wings of flower obovate, longer than the elliptical capsule ; leaves linear, acute ; stem suffruticose, erect, furrowed, twiggy. If. . Ij . S. Native of Sierra Leone in low grassy places. Flowers blue. Perhaps belonging to a proper section. This plant has the habit of a species of Genesta. Rare-leaved Milkwort. Fl. Feb. May. Shrub 1 to 1| foot. SECT. III. BLEPHARI'DIUM (from /3\t^ap> ? S. Native of the islands of Min- danao and Samboagang. Flowers reflexed. Toad-Flax -leaved Milkwort. PI. 1^ foot. 80 P. PROCU'MBENS (Roth. nov. spec. p. 329.) stem procum- bent, pilose ; leaves oblong-oval, obtuse, somewhat mucronated, ciliated, glabrous ; racemes axillary, short, few-flowered ; wings of calyx acuminated ; capsules emarginate, edged with hairs, fj ? S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers purple. Var. fl, angustifblia (Roth. 1. c.) leaves longer and narrower than in variety a. Procumbent Milkwort. PI. procumbent. 81 P. GLOMERA'TA (Lour. fl. coch. 426.) stem somewhat erect, branched, pubescent ; leaves obovate-oblong ; racemes dense, 7- 8 -flowered ; wings of calyx oval, acuminated ; corolla generally 3-petalled ; capsules orbicular. Ti . T? . G. Native of China near Canton. Flowers white. Glomerated-fiowered. Milkwort. PI. \ foot. 82 P. GLAUCOIDES (Lin. spec. 991.) stems diffuse, somewhat pubescent ; leaves oval-oblong, on short stalks, glabrous, glaucous ; racemes 7-8-flowered ; wings of calyx oval, acute ; capsules obovate, emarginate, somewhat ciliated. 7£. S. Na- tive of Ceylon. Flowers white. Glaux-like Milkwort. PI. 2 inches. 83 P. ARENA' RIA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 880.) stem procum- bent ; leaves oblong, stalked ; racemes ovate-globose, on short peduncles ; wings of calyx obovate, downy ; capsules oval, emar- ginate, ciliated. O- S. Native of Guinea. Flowers reflexed. Sand Milkwort. PI. procumbent ^ foot. 84 P. SERPYLLIFO'LIA (Poir. diet. 5. p. 499.) stems branched from the base, pubescent, lateral ones procumbent ; leaves oblong, obtuse, on very short footstalks ; racemes 4-5-flowered ; wings of calyx oval, acute ; capsules ovate, immarginate, ciliated. I/ ? S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers rose-coloured. Wild-thyme-leaved Milkwort. PI. procumbent. 85 P. ARVE'NSIS (Willd. spec. 3. p. 876.) stem branched from the base, procumbent ; leaves obovate, mucronated ; racemes 7-8-flowered ; bracteas permanent, almost the length of the pedicels ; wings of calyx oblong, scarcely longer than the ovate, emarginated, ciliated capsule. O- S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers small, green. Corn-field Milkwort. PI. procumbent. 86 P. VAHLIA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 326.) stem erect, pubes- cent; leaves obovate, mucronated, rather villous, upper ones oblong; racemes 3-5-flowered ; wings of flower elliptical, scarcely longer than the capsule, which is ovate, emarginated, and ciliated. ©. S. Native of the East Indies. P. tomentosa, Vahl. but not of Thunb. Flowers greenish. Vahl's Milkwort. PI. | foot. 87 P. BRACHYSTA'CHYA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 327.) stem diffuse, rather downy ; leaves linear, glabrous ; racemes 3-5-flowered ; wings of calyx oval, acuminated, somewhat falcate, a little longer than the emarginate ciliated capsule. — Native of the East Indies. Flowers greenish ? Short-spiked Milkwort. PI. •§• foot. 88 P. LEPTORHIZA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 326.) stem branched from the base, diffuse, somewhat downy ; leaves linear, pubes- cent ; racemes 7-8-flowered ; wings of calyx elliptical, obtuse, a little longer than the oval, emarginated, ciliated capsule. O- S. Native of? Flowers greenish ? Slender-rooted Milkwort. PI. % foot. 89 P. PERSICARLEFO'LIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 326.) stem erect, forked at the top and rather hairy ; leaves lanceolate, bluntish, pilose; racemes 10-15-flowered, rising from the fork of the stem ; wings of calyx obovate, longer than the obcordate ciliated capsule. O- G. Native of Nipaul. P. Buchanan!, D. Don, prod. p. 199. Flowers drooping, red. Capsule naked with a membranous margin. (D. Don.) Seeds very villous. Persicaria-leaved Milkwort. PI. | foot. 90 P. CROTALARIOI'DES (Hamilt. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 327.) stem branched from the base, somewhat shrubby, decum- bent, pilose ; leaves obovate, wedge-shaped ; racemes short, 8- 10-flowered, opposite the leaves ; wings of calyx orbicular, equal in length to the capsule, which is rather orbicular and ciliated ; lobes of the lateral petals oblong, 1 -toothed at the base. y. ? G. Native of Nipaul. Bracteas permanent, acute. Flowers red or greenish. Crotalaria-like Milkwort. PI. i foot. 91 P. JAVA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 327.) stem branched from the base, suffruticose, diffuse ; leaves obovately-cuneated, stalk- ed ; racemes 7-8-flowered, length of leaves ; wings of flower ovate-roundish, villous, a little longer than the capsule, which is rather orbicular and pubescent. ^ • S. Native of Java. Perhaps belonging to this section. Java Milkwort. Shrub ^ foot. SECT. IV. CLINCLI'NIA (from Clinclin, the Peruvian name of P. thesioldes.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 327. Keel of flower crested. Wings oblong. Capsules glabrous, marginated and emarginated at the apex, as well as somewhat toothed on both sides at the top. American herbs or subshrubs, but one from Nipaul. 92 P. THESIOI'DES (Willd. spec. 3. p. 877.) stems many, erect; leaves oblong-linear, crowded; racemes 8-12-flowered ; capsules somewhat 2-horned at the apex. I/ . S. Native of Chili and Peru. Clinclin, Feuill. obs. 2. t. 13. Flowers blue. Thcsium-like Milkwort. PI. \ foot. 93 P. GNIDIOIDES (Willd. spec. 3. p. 878.) stems diffuse, branched; leaves linear, bluntish ; racemes 6-1 0-flowered ; cap- sules somewhat emarginate. I/ . S. Native in Chili and Peru. Flowers greenish. Gnidia-like Milkwort. PI. \ foot. 94 P. CAPILLIFO'LIA (Desf. herb, and D. C. prod. 1. p. 327.) stems erect, hardly branched ; racemes slender ; leaves capil- lary; wings of calyx obovate ; capsules bifid. O- G. Native of? Perhaps belonging to this section ? Flowers red ? Hair-leaved Milkwort. PI. £ foot. 95 P. ARILLA'TA (Hamilt. mss. D. Don. prod. 1. p. 200.) leaves elliptical, oblong, acuminated, underneath as well as the branches pubescent ; racemes opposite the leaves ; wings of calyx obovate-oblong ; stigma bidendate ; capsule rather bac- cate, with a winged margin. ^ . F. Native of Nipaul at Na- rainhetty. Habit of Monnina polystachya. Flowers large, shewy, red, nodding. Capsule subbaccate, compressed, ribbed with a winged margin, 2-celled. Seeds large, covered with an arillus. ^ri//a, subaphylla (St. Hil. 1. c.) stem much longer, slenderer, nearly leafless ; branches slenderer ; whorls of leaves much more distant, lower ones deciduous, upper ones very minute ; upper part of the rachis quite naked, therefore the spikes of flowers appear to stand on long peduncles. Raddi's Milkwort. Fl. Aug. Sep. PI. f to £ foot. 144 P. PANICULA'TA (Lin. amcen. 5. p. 402.) racemes some- what spike-formed, loose, elongated ; wings of calyx elliptical, tapering into the claws, about equal in length to the keel ; leaves scattered, linear, tapering to both ends, mucronulate at the apex ; stem erect, much branched at the top ; branches puberulous. O • S. Native throughout South America in dry places. Ker. hot. reg. t. 761. Flowers rose-coloured or pale purple. yar.fi, Brasiliana (D. C. prod. 1. p. 329.) flowers smaller; leaves broader. Native of Brazil. Seeds cylindrical, pubescent. Var. y, Africana (D. C. 1. c.) leaves linear-awl-shaped. Na- tive of Sierra Leone. This beautiful little plant has much the smell and taste of P. Senega, but is not so strong or disagreeable. It is a mild at- tenuant and sudorific, and may be administered in infusions or decoctions. Panicled-Rowered Milk wort. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. $ ft. 145 P. SCOPA'RIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 399.) racemes spike-formed, rather loose; leaves scattered, linear ; stem erect, somewhat fastigiately-branched ; root vermicular, twisted. T(. . S. Native near Mexico. Herb smooth. Flowers white. Seeds oblong, cylindrical, covered with retrograde silky hairs. Broom Milkwort. PI. £ to 1 foot. 146 P. CORYMBOSA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 54.) racemes many, disposed in a terminal corymb ; wings of calyx oblong, cuspidate ; radical leaves obovate, cauline ones linear, uppermost ones awl-shaped. I/ . F. Native in bogs among sphagnum from Carolina to Florida. P. cymosa, Walt, carol. 179. Flowers citron-yellow. Corymbose Milkwort. Fl. June, Aug. PI, 1 foot. 147 P. GRAMINIFOLIA (Poir. diet. 5. p. 500.) racemes many, disposed into a terminal corymb ; wings of calyx oblong, acute ; radical leaves linear-spatulate, cauline ones linear-awl-shaped. If. . F. Native of grassy places from Carolina to Florida. Per- haps P. attenuata, Nutt gen. amer. 2. p. 90. Flowers citron- yellow. A tall plant. Grass-leaved Milkwort. Fl. July. Clt. 1824. PI. 3 feet. 148 P. BALDUINI (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 90.) racemes nume- rous, corymbose, peduncled ; wings of calyx lanceolate, cuspi- date ; radical leaves spatulate, cauline ones alternate, lanceolate ; stem erect, angular, a little branched at the top. ~H . F. Na- tive of Florida near St. Mary's. Flowers greenish-white. Baldwin's Milkwort. PI. -| foot. 149 P. NEJE'I (D. C. prod, 1. p. 329.) racemes many, short, crowded into a corymb : wings of calyx oblong, acute ; leaves awl-shaped ; stems many, rising from the root, at top a little branched. Q. G. Native of Peru and Chili. Flowers white. Nee's Milkwort. PI. ^ foot. 150 P. MUHLENBE'RGII ; stem erect, pubescent ; branches tw'ggy ! leaves lanceolate, linear, ciliated ; racemes elongated ; bracteas deciduous ; flowers distinct. O- H. Native of Georgia. P. pubescens, Muhl. not of Nutt. Muhlenberg's Milkwort. PI. i foot. 151 P. LINOIDES (Poir. diet. 5. p. 449.) racemes somewhat spike-formed, elongated, acute ; wings elliptical, obtuse, hardly longer than the capsule; leaves small, linear, acuminated, crowded, rather falcate ; stems tufted, branched at the top ; seeds oblong-clavate, rather pilose. I/ . S. Native of Brazil about Monte-Video and Buenos-Ayres. Habit of Reseda glauca. Flowers white or green, usually coloured with purple. Flax-like Milkwort. Fl. Nov. PI. $ to f foot. 152 P. RESEDOIDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 31.) stem herba- ceous, tufted, simple, puberulous, full of resinous dots ; leaves numerous, narrow, linear, falcately curved, very acute ; racemes spike-formed, rather loose; wings obovate, very blunt, rather longer than the keel ; seeds subcylindrical, rather pilose. ©.S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of Rio Grande do Sul and Cis Platine. Flowers white, often mixed with blue and purple. Mignonette-like Milkwort. Fl. Oct. Nov. PI. J- foot. 153 P. DUNALIA'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 32. t. 85.) stems very slender ; leaves small, appressed, ovate-lanceolate, very much acuminated, mucronulate, cordate at the base; racemes spike- formed, slender ; wings ovate-rhomboid, hardly longer than the keel ; seeds rather cylindrical, incurved, smooth. I; . S. Native of Brazil near a town called Rio Pardo. Flowers purplish, disposed in racemes resembling Erica vulgaris. Var. ft, dlba (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves less cordate at the base, less puberulous ; flowers white or pale purple. Tj . S. In Minas Geraes. Dunal's Milkwort. Fl. Feb. Sept. Sh. 1 foot. 154 P. A'LBA (Nutt. gen. 2. p. 87.) racemes spike-formed, peduncled ; wings of calyx roundish, length of corolla ; leaves alternate, linear, with revolute margins ; stem simple, elongated. I/. . F. Native of Upper Louisiana. P. Senega, var. alba, Pursh. Flowers white. This plant possesses the same qualities as P. Senega, no. 168. p. 359. White-Rowered Milkwort. Fl. June, July. PI. | to 1 foot. 155 P. RUBE'LLA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 464.) pubescent ; racemes rather loose, somewhat spiked, elongated ; wings of calyx oval, very blunt ; leaves lanceolate-linear, mucronated ; stem erect, furrowed, a little branched at the top. I/ . H. Native in woods and on dry shady hills from Pennsylvania to Georgia. P. poly'gama, Walt. Flowers pale red. This species approaches near to P. vulgaris. Like some of the European species this plant is a powerful bitter, imparting its properties both to water and alcohol. In the United States of America it is administered in small doses, as a useful tonic and stimulant to the digestive organs. In large doses it operates as a cathartic and excites diaphoreses. Dr. Bigelow says its powers appear to resemble the P. vulgaris and P. amara of Europe, which are considered tonic and expec- torant. .Red-flowered Milkwort. Fl. June, July. PI. -J foot. 15B P. DUARTEA'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 34.) stem herba- ceous, puberulous ; leaves linear, acute, on short petioles, smooth ; racemes spike-formed, narrow, loose ; wings elliptical or obovate, bluntish, about equal in length with the keel ; seeds clavate, rather pilose. O • S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers greenish-white. Duarte's Milkwort. Fl. Dec. Feb. PI. 1 to 1£ foot. 157 P. ROUBIE'NNA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 35.) stem suftru- ticose, tufted, or a little branched ; leaves obtuse, mucronulate, lower ones obovate ; racemes spike-formed, truncate at the apex, loose ; wings elliptical, very blunt, somewhat emarginate, equal in length to the keel ; seeds rather cylindrical, incurved, villous, Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Roubieu's Milkwort. Fl. Mar. Shrub |- to 1 foot. 158 P. MOO.UINIANA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 36. t. 86.) stems suflfruticose, prostrate, somewhat quadrangular, puberulous, leaves numerous, distich, lanceolate, mucronulate, puberulous, obsoletely-dotted ; racemes capitate, obtuse, dense, on long pe- duncles ; wings lanceolate, acute, longer than the keel ; seeds cylindrical, pubescent. Jj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of St. Paul. The heads of flowers resemble those of Jasione or Globularia. Afoquin-Tandon's Milkwort. Fl. Mar. Sh. -1 foot. 159 P. OBOVA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 37.) stem suffruti- 1 POLYGALEJE. I. POLYGALA. 359 cose, crowded, puberulous ; leaves usually obovate, mucronate, full of small pellucid dots ; racemes capitate, dense ; wings ob- long-elliptical, rather narrow, acute, longer than the keel ; seeds oblong-cylindrical, villous. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the pro- vince of Rio Grande do Sul, among rocks. Flowers white. 06oy chamai, on the ground, and flv£a>, buxo, the box-tree, that is to say dwarf box- tree ; resemblance in P. chameebuxus.) Dill. nov. gen. t. 9. D. C. prod. 1. p. 331. Lower sepal of calyx concave-hollow, embracing a gland on the inside at. the base. Keel slightly crested or callous at the tip. Flowers few, large. Herbs or subshrubs. 199 P. PAUCIFOLIA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 880.) stems very sim- ple, erect, naked below ; leaves ovate ; flowers in threes, termi- nal ; keel of flower crested. 1£ . H. Native in sphagnous bogs and swamps ; principally on the mountains from Pennsylvania to Virginia. P. putpurea, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 244. but not of Nutt. Triclisperma grandiflora, Raf. speech. 1. p. 117. Flowers larger than in any other American species, of a fine purplish colour. Few-leaved Milkwort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1812. PL £ ft. 200 P. UNIFLORA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 58.) stem as- cending, almost simple ; leaves oval, acute ; flowers solitary, pedicelled, scattered ; keel of flower beardless. 11 . H. Native on the banks of Lake Ontario on the confines of Canada. Flowers nodding, perhaps pale purple. One-flowered Milkwort. PI. \ foot. 201 P. CHAM^EBU'XUS (Lin. spec. 989.) stems suffruticose, branched, procumbent ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, mucronated ; racemes 1-2-flowered ; keel of flower crested. lj . H. Native of mountain woods in many parts of Europe, particularly Ger- many, Austria, and Switzerland. Jacq. fl. aust. t. 233. Sims, bot. mag. t. 316. Flowers yellowish, tipped with purple. Dmarf-box or Box-leaved Milkwort. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1658. Procumbent shrub \ to •£ foot. 202 P. VENULOSA(JUSS. in Poir. diet. 5. p. 493.) stem shrubby ; leaves stalked, obovate, acuminated, large ; flowers racemose ; keel of flower crested. I? . S. Native of Java. Feiny-Rovfered Milkwort. Shrub. 203 P. OXYPHY'LLA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 331.) stem shrubby ; leaves oblong, very much pointed ; flowers in short racemes ; keel of flower beardless ; wings orbicular. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Sharp-leaved Milkwort. Shrub 1 foot. 204 P. SPECTA'BILIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 331.) stem shrubby; leaves oval-ob!ong, acuminated, tapering to the base, upper ones generally opposite ; flowers disposed in long racemes ; keel of flower beardless ; wings orbicular. ^ . S. Native of Para in South America. Remarkable Milkwort. Shrub 1 foot. 205 P. CHINE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 989.) stem suffruticose, pros- trate ; leaves oval, obtuse ; flowers in short racemes ; keel of flower beardless ; wings obovate. ^ . G. Native of China. Flowers probably purple. China Milkwort. Shrub decumbent. SECT. VIII. BRACHY'TROPIS (from j3pa\ic, brachys, short, rpoTrte, tropis, a keel ; in allusion to the keel being much shorter than the wings). D. C. prod. 1. p. 332. Keel of corolla beard- less, much shorter than the wings of the calyx. Perhaps a proper genus allied to Comesperma. 206 P. MICROPHY'LLA (Lin. spec. 989.) stems shrubby, twiggy ; leaves very minute, elliptical ; racemes axillary, sessile, 8-10- flowered. Jj . F. Native of Portugal in bushy places. Flowers blue? P. juniperma, Cav. annal. cienc. nat. 1801. 4. p;53. ? Small-leaved Milkwort. Fl. June, July. Shrub 1 j foot. •)• Doubtful species. The most of them mill probably belong to Section VI. SE'NEGA. Keel of flower beardless. 207 P. TRIELORA (Lin. fl. zeyl. 269.) flowers beardless ; 3 A 362 POLYGALEJE. I. POLYGALA. II. SALOMONIA. III. COMESPERMA. peclvmcles generally 3-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; stem herbaceous, erect; leaves linear, alternate. ©• S. Native of Ceylon. Flowers white. Three-flowered Milkwort. PI. \ foot. 208 P. PROSTRA'TA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 896.) flowers beardless ; peduncles many-flowered ; stems diffuse, herbaceous ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse. O- S. Native of the East Indies. Like P. glaucoides. Flowers white. Prostrate Milkwort. PI. prostrate. 209 P. MULTIFLORA (Poir. diet. 5. p. 497.) flowers beardless ; racemes long, terminal ? stems herbaceous, branched, twiggy ; leaves linear, few. ^ .? S. Native of Sierra Leone. Flowers blue ? Many-flowered Milkwort. PI. £ foot. 210 P. THUNBE'RGII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 333.) flowers beardless, racemose ; leaves ovate, unarmed. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. P. microphy'Ila, Thunb. prod. 121. but not of Lin. Flowers purple. Thunberg's Milkwort. Shrub 1 foot. 211 P. MUCRONA'TA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 888.) flowers beard- less ; racemes terminal ? stem shrubby with hairy branches ; leaves lanceolate, mucronated, downy on the under surface. Tj . S. Native of South America. Flowers purple. Mucronate-lenveA Milkwort. Shrub -| foot. 212 P. MYRTILLOIDES (Willd. spec. 3. p. 889.) flowers beard- less ; racemes opposite the leaves ; stem shrubby with procum- bent branches ; leaves roundish-ovate, reticulately veined. J? . S. Native of South America. Flowers white. Myrtle-like Milkwort. Shrub 1 foot. 213 P. MEXICA'NA (Moc. et Sesse. fl. mex. icon. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 333.) flowers beardless, at length drooping ; racemes terminal ? somewhat spiked ; stems simple, erectish ; leaves linear, acute. ^ . G. Native in Mexico. Flowers purple ? Mexican Milkwort. Shrub 1 foot. 214 P. LINARISFOLIA (Poir. diet. 5. p. 495.) flowers almost beardless ? racemes terminal ? dense, ovate ; stem herbaceous, round ; leaves linear, upper ones disposed in whorls. Flax-weed-leaved Milkwort. 215 P. UNGUICULA'TA (Poir. diet. 5. p. 494.) flowers beardless, crowded, axillary ; petals 2, unguiculate ; calyx 4-sepalled ; stem shrubby ; leaves ovate, mucronate. Jj . S. Native of? Perhaps a proper genus. Unguiculate-petalled Milkwort. Shrub. 216 P. RAMOSI'SSIMA (Cav. annal. cienc. nat. 1801. 4. p. 53.) stem herbaceous, much branched ; leaves linear ; spikes ter- minal ; flowers minute. Ij .? G. Native in the island of Teneriffe. Much-branched Milkwort. PI. -| foot. 217 P.? THE'ZANS (Lin. mant. "60. exclusive Burm. syn. 2.) flowers beardless, solitary; peduncles 1 -flowered, axillary; leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate. Tj . S. Native of Java and Japan. Icon. Burm. fl. zeyl. p. 195. t. 85. is truly a species of lonidium. P. thea, Burm. fl. ind. p. 154. is a species of Lep- tospermum, as is seen by the specimens collected by Burman, now in the herbarium of M. Benj. Delessert. P. triphylla and P. pinnata of Burm. prod. f. cap. p. 20. are leguminous plants. Tea-like Milkwort. Shrub. Cult, All the species of Polygala are very shewy, therefore they deserve to be cultivated in every garden. Those belonging to the section Psychdnthus are all natives of the Cape of Good Hope, these will thrive well in two thirds peat and one-third turfy loam, with a good quantity of sand mixed with it ; and to have the cuttings proper for putting in, the shoots should be topped, they will then push out numerous young ones, which should be taken off close to the old branch, when about three inches long, and in a growing state, these plant in pots of sand, and place bell-glasses over them ; the pots must then be 1 put into a close frame or the propagation-house, and the glasses must be taken off and wiped occasionally. The pe- rennial species belonging to other sections thrive best in a sandy peat soil ; they should be always kept in small pots, and may be either increased by seed or dividing the plants. The shrubby kinds in the same way as recommended for those belonging to Psychdnlhus. The annual species should be sown about the end of March in pots ; they also prefer a sandy peat soil and heat. Most of them would grow in the open border in warm situations. P. chamcebuxus will grow in the open border. II. SALOMO'NIA (in honour of Solomon, King of the He- brews, son of David, one of the first botanists, died 975). Lour, coch. ed. Willd. p. 18. D. C. prod. 1. p. 333. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Tetrandria. Calyx quinquefid ; seg- ments equal. Keel cucullate. Petal 3-lobed, with the lateral lobes falcate, intermediate one cucullately saccate, inclosing the genitals, not crested. Filaments connate into a membranous sheath including the style. Anthers 4, 1-celled, conglutinate around the stigma. Style tapering to the base, dilated and compressed at the apex ; stigma small, obtuse, pruinose. Capsules 2-lobed, 2 -celled, compressed, usually ciliary-serrated; cells 1 -seeded. Small Asiatic herbs with alternate broadish leaves and slender spike of minute rose-coloured flowers, each flower furnished with a cuspidate bractea. 1 S. CANTONE'NSIS (Lour. 1. c.) herb glabrous, erect, branched ; leaves cordate, acute, on very short footstalks ; wings equal in length to the keel ; capsules truncate, with crestedly-toothed margins. 0. H. Native of China about Canton. S. petiolata, D. Don. fl. nep. p. 200. Salmonea Cantonensis, Vahl. enum. 1. p. 8. Canton Salomonia. Fl. July. PI. £ foot. 2 S. EDE'NTULA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 334.) herb glabrous, erect, branched ; leaves broad-ovate, mucronate, on very short foot- stalks ; capsules with toothless margins. O- H. Native of Nipaul. Perhaps the same as the last. Toothless-capsuled Salomonia. Fl. June, July. PI. |- foot. 3 S. OBLONGIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 334.) herb glabrous, erect, very simple ; leaves oval or elliptical, mucronulate, sessile ; wings shorter than the keel ; capsules truncate, with crestedly- toothed margins, in a double series. O- H. Native of Nipaul. S. sessilifolia, D. Don, fl. nep. p. 201. Flowers purple. Oblong-leaved Salomonia. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ foot. 4 S. ? CILIA TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 334.) stem erect, branched, hairy, as well as the peduncles ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse ; cap- sules ciliary-toothed. 0. H. Native of the East Indies. Po- lygala ciliata, Lin. spec. 991. Ciliated-capsuled Salomonia. PI. ^'foot. Cult. These plants will require to be sown in pots in the month of March, in a mixture of sand, loam and peat, then placed in a moderate hot-bed, and in the month of May they may be planted out in the borders in a sheltered situation. III. COMESPE'RMA (from nope, kome, the hair of the head, and trvtppa, sperma, a seed ; in allusion to the tuft of hairs at the end of the seeds, f. 69. c.). Labill. spec. nov. holl. 2. p. 21. D. C. prod. l.p. 334. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Octdndria. Calyx 5-sepalled, de- ciduous ; two inner sepals of the form of wings, three outer ones small. Petals 3-5, united with the tube of the stamens, the lower one keel-formed, 3-lobed (f. 69. a.), middle lobe beard- less, entire, or emarginate, 2 lateral petals scale-formed (f. 69. a.) 2 superior ones alternating with the superior sepals of the calyx. Stamens 8, united into a tube, which is cleft in front, free at the apex. Anthers bursting by a terminal pore. Fruit baccate or capsular, 2-celled, spatulate (f. 69. 6.), tapering towards the base. Seeds with a long tuft of hair at their base (f. 69. c.). Erect POLYGALE^E. III. COMESI-EKMA. IV. BADIF.RA. 363 or scandent shrubs, rarely herbs. Bracteas 2 or 3 at the base of the flowers. Flowers small, disposed in compound panicles or sim- ple racemes. 1 C. RETU'SA (Labill. 1. c. t. 160.) shrub glabrous, erect ; leaves oblong, obtuse ; racemes contracted ; middle lobe of corolla entire, fj . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Flowers purple. Retuse-lenved Comesperma. Fl. May, Aug. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 2 C. SECU'NDA (Banks' herb, and B.C. prod. 1. p. 334.) shrub pubescent, erect ; leaves ovate, mucronate ; racemes secund. T?.G. Native of New Holland near Endeavour river. Flowers purple. ^'de-flowering Comesperma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 3 C. CORIDIFOLIA (Cuning. in Fields' trav. p. 337.) this species is nearly allied to C. conferta of Lab. but it is not described in the above work. fj . G. Native of New Holland on the Blue Mountains. Flowers purple. Coris-leaved Comesperma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 4 C. CONFE'BTA (Labill. specim. FIG. 69. nov. holl. 2. t. 161.) shrub erect, glabrous ; leaves linear, crowded, erect, with revolute margins; racemes contracted ; middle lobe of corolla emarginated. Tj . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Leaves 7-8 lines long. Flowers purple, (f. 69.) Cron>rfed-leaved Comesperma. Sh. 1 foot. 5 C. ERICINA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 334.) shrub glabrous, erect ; leaves linear, with somewhat revolute mar- gins, obliquely erect ; racemes rather lax ; middle lobe of corolla en- tire, fj . G. Native on the eastern coast of New Holland. Leaves 3 or 4 lines long. Flowers purple. Heath-like Comesperma. Fl. May, Aug. 2 feet. 6 C. FLA'VA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 334.) shrub glabrous, erect; leaves linear, flat, erect ; racemes contracted ; middle lobe of corolla entire. Jj . G. Native on the eastern coast of New Holland. Flowers yellow. Yellorv-Qoviered Comesperma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 7 C. CALYME'GA (Labill. specim. nov. holl. 2. t. 162.) herb glabrous, erect ; leaves lanceolate ; wings or two inner sepals scarcely exceeding in length the rest of the sepals ; middle lobe of lower petal entire. 1{ . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. C. isocalyx, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 172. Flowers purple. Large-calyxed Comesperma. PI. 1 foot. 8 C. NUDIU'SCULA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 334.) shrub glabrous, erect, twiggy ; leaves linear, rather setaceous, acute, upper ones very small ; racemes rather lax ; wings hardly exceeding in length the rest of the sepals, f? . G. Native of New Holland at King George's Sound. Flowers purple. Nakedish Comesperma. Shrub U foot. 9 C. VIRGA'TA (Labill. specim. nov. holl. 2. t. 159.) shrub glabrous, erect, twiggy ; leaves lanceolate-linear, bluntly acumi- nated ; racemes elongated ; middle lobe of corolla emarginate. fj . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers purple. Tniggy Comesperma. Shrub 3 feet. IOC. VOLU'BILIS (Labill. 1. c. t. 163.) herb glabrous, twining ; leaves very few, lanceolate ; racemes contracted ; middle lobe of corolla toothed. If.. w. G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Flowers purple. Ttvining-stemmed Comesperma. PI. twining. 11 C. KUNTHIA'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 54. t. 90.) stem shrubby ; branches spreading, tomentose ; leaves lanceolate or Clt. 1822. Shrub roundish, acute or very obtuse, and as if they were emarginate, sometimes mucronulated, pubescent on both surfaces ; panicle somewhat pyramidal, dense, leafy at the base ; wings orbicular, ciliated, fj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minus Geraes. Flowers whitish. Kunlh's Comesperma. Fl. April. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 12 C. FLORIBU'NDA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 55. t. 91.) stem shrubby, scandent ; branches thick, angular at the top ; leaves ob- long, obtuse at the base, acuminate at the apex, smooth above and puberulous below ; panicle composed of bundles of flowers, rather leafy ; wings obovate, hardly emarginate, puberulous in the middle. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers whitish or yellowish. Bundle-flowered Comesperma. Fl. March. Shrub 3 to 7 ft. 13 C. LAURIFOLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 56.) stem shrubby, erect ; branches angular at the apex, tomentose ; leaves elliptical, lanceolate, with a short acumen, smooth above, and tomentosely-pubescent below ; panicle very loose ; wings ovate- orbicular, ciliated at the base. ^ • S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers greenish-white. Laurel-leaved Comesperma. Fl. Feb. Shrub 5 feet. Cult. The species of the genus Comesperma thrive best in a mixture of sandy-loam and peat ; and young cuttings will root freely if planted in sand under a bell-glass, those of the stove species in heat. They are all worthy of cultivation. IV. BADIE'RA (M. Badier, a French botanist, and friend of De Candolle's.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 334.— Penae'a, Plum. gen. p. 22. t. 25. but not of Lin. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Octandria. Calyx 5-sepalled, de- ciduous ; sepals almost equal in size and length. Three lower petals somewhat joined at the base ; middle one of these concave, beardless. Stamens 8, monadelphous. Capsules compressed, obcordate, 2-celled, with furrowed margins. Seeds glabrous, with a large oily arillus, filling the cell from above. American shrubs. 1 B. DIVERSIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 334.) racemes short, axillary ; leaves oval, oblong, acuminated at both ends. Ij . S. Native of Jamaica in woods. Polygala diversifolia, Lin. amren. 2. p. 140. — Browne, jam. t. 5. f. 3 and 4. — Sloan, jam. 141. hist. 2. p. 32. t. 170. f. 2. Flowers greenish-white. This shrub is called in Jamaica Bastard Lignum-Fitee, because it tastes not unlike the gum of that wood, and is sometimes used for the same purposes. Variable-leaved Badiera. Shrub 8 feet. 2 B. DOMINGE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1 . p. 335.) racemes axillary, very long, pubescent ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse. I? . S. Native of the mountains in St. Domingo. Polygala Doniin- gensis, Jacq. amer. ed. min. 252. B. Berteriana, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 172. Flowers greenish-yellow. St. Domingo Badiera. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 3 B. PEN«;VA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 135.) flowers solitary, axil- lary, on peduncles ; leaves obovate, obtuse. Jj . S. Native of South America. Polygala Penaea, Lin. amcen. 2. p. 140. Plum. ed. Burm. t. 214. f. 1. Flowers probably yellowish. Penas Badiera. Shrub 3 to 8 feet. 4 B. ACUMINAVTA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 335.) racemes lateral, opposite the leaves ; leaves oblong, acuminated, shorter than the racemes. ^ . S. Native of New Spain. Polygala acumi- nata, Willd. spec. 2. p. 887. Very like B. diversifolia, accord- ing to Willdenow. Flowers greenish-yellow. Acuminated-\eaved Badiera. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 5 B. DIVARICA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 335.) racemes axillary, panicled, velvety; leaves oval- oblong, glabrous; wings obovate. Tj . S. Native of Para in Brazil. Perhaps belonging to this genus. 3 A 2 364 POLYGALE^E. V. SOULAMIA. VI. MURALTIA. Z)ii>arieaj . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers purplish ? Brazilian Securidaca. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. The species of Securidaca grow well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and if cuttings are planted in a pot of sand, with a bell-glass placed over them, they will root readily. XII. CARPOLOBIA (from wtpTroe, karpos, a fruit, and Xo/3oe, lobos, a pod ; in allusion to the berry containing a silky pod or seed.) LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Octdndria. Sepals 5, somewhat bilabiate. Petals 3-5, with a large keel ; the rest nearly equal, all unguiculate. Stamens 8, monadelphous ? Drupe contain- ing 1 villous, silky seed, or a silky 1-seeded legume. Smooth- branched shrubs, with alternate, entire leaves. Flowers dis- posed in axillary few-flowered racemes. 1 C. VERSI'COLOR ; leaves oval, acuminated, mucronate, entire ; peduncles 3-5-flowered. T? . S. Native of Sierra Leone on the mountains. Flowers cream-coloured, striated. Party-coloured-Rowered Carpolobia. Shrub 4 feet. 2 C. DU^BIA; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, cordate at the base, on long footstalks ; racemes in panicles, many-flowered ; stamens distinct ? Jj . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Flowers white. Doubtful Carpolobia. Shrub 4 feet. 3 C. LUVTEA ; leaves ovate, acuminated, mucronate ; on short footstalks ; peduncles 2-5-flowered. ^ . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Flowers yellow. Yellow-Rowered Carpolobia. Shrub 4 feet. 4 C. A'LBA ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, on short footstalks ; peduncles usually 2-flowered. Jj . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Flowers white, streaked with red. White-fiov/ered. Carpolobia. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. These shrubs will grow freely in a mixture of loam and sand, and young cuttings will strike root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XIII. KR AME'RI A (in honour of John George Henry and William Henry Kramer, M.D., father and son, German bota- nists ; the former published Tentamen Botanicum in 1728 and 1744, the latter Flora Austria in|1756; it must also dis- tinguish John Rudolf Kramer, who wrote a dissertation on Myrtus in 1731). Lcefl. itin. 195. Ruiz et Pav. prod. fl. per. t. 3. Juss. mem. mus. 1. p. 390. D. C. prod. 1. p. 341. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Tetra-Hexandria. Sepals 4 (f. 71. a.), rarely 5, irregular, spreading, silky on the outside and coloured on the inside. Petals 4-5, in 2 series, 3 inner ones unguiculate, with the claws united at the base. Stamens 3 or 4, somewhat monadelphous at their base or free ; anthers open- ing by 2 pores at the apex (f. 71. d.). Fruit globose, indehiscent, covered with bristly prickles (f. 71. e. 6.), 1-celled, 1-seeded (f. 71. e.), or incompletely 2-celled, 2-seeded. Embryo straight. Albumen none. Diffuse, many-stemmed shrubs. Leaves alter- nate, entire, simple or trifoliate. Flowers axillary, or on the top of the branchlets, generally solitary or disposed in spike-formed racemes. Pedicels usually furnished with 2 or 3 bracteas. 1 * Leaves simple. 1 K. IXINA (Lin. spec. 177.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, with spiny points, villously-pubescent ; pedicels axillary, bibracteate, disposed in terminal racemes. I? . S. Native of Cumana, where it is called cordilla breva, also near Angustura on the Orinoco, and St. Domingo. Flowers purple, tetrandrous. Whe- ther there be any thing viscid in this plant which might induce its discoverer to adopt the Greek word ixine does not appear. Ixina Krameria, Shrub procumbent. 2 K. SECUNDIFLORA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 341.) leaves linear, acute, villous ; pedicels longer than the leaves, furnished with two bracteas, disposed in a secund raceme. If. . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers pro- bably red. Secund-Jloniered Krameria. PI. 1 foot. 3 K. PAUCIFLORA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 341.) leaves oblong-linear, villous; pedicels few, longer than the leaves, bearing 2 bracteas on the middle of each ; lower lobe of calyx gibbous. If. . G. Native of Mexico. Flowers probably red. Few-flowered Krameria. PI. 1 foot. 4 K. TRIA'NDRA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. FIG. 71. per. 1. t. 93.) leaves oblong, acut- ish, silky-villous ; pedicels rather longer than leaves, furnished with two bracteas, disposed in a short raceme. Tj . G. Native of Peru on declivities of sandy mountains, where the root is called Rattany, or Ratanhia. It possesses powerful tonic and astringent qualities. Ac- cording to the analysis of a French chemist it contains gallic acid, but neither tannin nor resin. This plant is gathered in large quantities, from which a beautiful extract is prepared, which, as well as the root, is imported into Portu- gal for improving the colour and richness of red wine. From this use in manufacturing of wine, the Portuguese and Spanish merchants have kept its properties so concealed, that in this country the root was unknown till very lately : the deep colour it communicates to port wine renders it an article of great and deserved value to the manufacturer of wine. The sensible properties chiefly reside in the cortical part of the root ; the lig- neous part is tough and somewhat mucilaginous. On being slightly masticated the root discovers a grateful astringency, and is slightly aromatic and bitter. These qualities are imparted, as well as its colouring matter, to cold and boiling water and to proof spirit. The tincture made with brandy approaches very near to the flavour of port wine. The foreign extract, which is a gum-resin, is a very beautiful transparent article. The extract made from a decoction or infusion of the root is powdery, and not so astringent as the powdered root. Dr. Duncan asserts that the foreign extract of this root cannot be discovered from kino, but this melts and swells on exposure to the heat, and thus it does when as dry as kino, which becomes charred on ex- posure to heat. Rhatany is a very valuable tonic medicine for indigestion arising from direct debility. The solution of the foreign extract, dissolved in a camphoretic mixture, is a remedy in advanced stages of typhus fever ; and it possesses all the good qualities of port wine and is exempt from its pernicious ingre- dient alcohol. It is an excellent tonic to accompany the use of diuretics, cathartics and absorbent stimulants in cases of dropsy. It may be substituted for Lark or kino. POLYGALEiE. XIII. KRAMERIA. TREMANDRE^S. I. TJETRATHECA. 371 The compound tincture of Rhatany is a pleasant and effica- cious stomachic ; taken in doses of a tea-spoonful in a little water 3 or 4 times a day it will prove a good remedy in indigestion, heart-burn, cramp of the stomach, nervous irritability, &c. The simple tincture is made with three ounces of the pow- dered root to a quart of proof spirit, and is much used by den- tists with equal parts of rose-water as a lotion to astringe the gums. Equal parts of powdered Rhatany-root, oris-powder, areca-nut, and charcoal form the best tooth-powder. Rhatany or Triandrous Krameria. Shrub 1 foot. 5 K.GRANDiFLORA(St. Hil. fl.bras. 2. p. 73. t. 97.) stemsuffru- ticose, prostrate, almost simple, smooth below and hairy above ; leaves lanceolate, very acute, spinulose, lower ones smoothish, upper ones hairy ; racemes spike-formed ; flowers large, secund. t? . S. Native of Brazil in the southern part of the province of Goyaz. Flowers red. Great-flowered Krameria. Fl. June. Shrub prostrate. 6 K. RuscirotiA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 74.) stem suffruticose, prostrate ; branches simple, flexuous, pilose below and villous above ; leaves lanceolate- ovate, very acute, spinulose, villous ; racemes spike-formed, flexuous, flowers secund. Tj • S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers red. Butcher's- Broom-leaved Krameria. Shrub prostrate. 7 K. TOMENTOSA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 74.) stem suffruti- cose, erect, tomentose, branched ; leaves ovate, elliptical, spinu-. lose, tomentose ; racemes spike-formed, short, few-flowered. Jj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers red. Tomentose Krameria. Fl. May. Shrub 1 foot. 8 K. AROE'NTEA (Mart, in act. bonn. vol. 11.) leaves oblong, acutish, rather thick, acute from a deciduous point, upper ones villous ; racemes spike-formed, villous. Tj . S. Native of Bra- zil. Flowers red ? Silvery Krameria. Shrub prostrate. 9 K. LINEA'RIS (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. t. 94. f. a.) prostrate ; leaves linear-awl-shaped, villous ; pedicels downy, furnished with two bracteas. Tj . G. Native on argillaceous hills in Peru. K. pentapetala, Ruiz et Pav. syst. fl. per. p. 35. Flowers red. Linear-leaved Krameria. Shrub prostrate. 10 K. GLA'BRA (Spreng. new. entd. 2. p. 157.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, shining ; fruit smoothish. Native in Brazil. Flowers probably red. Glabrous Krameria. Shrub 1 foot. 11 K. ? LANCEOLA'TA (Torrey. in ann. lye. new york. vol 2. p. 166.) plant hoary-pubescent; leaves lanceolate, acute, vil- lous ; pedicels twice the length of the leaves, axillary. Jj . H. Native of North America on the Rocky Mountains. Zanceotoe-leaved Krameria. Shrub. * Leaves trifoliate. 12 K. CISTISOI'DES (Cav. icon. 4. p. 590.) leaves stalked, tri- foliate ; leaflets oblong, villous ; pedicels twice as long as leaf- stalks. J? . S. Native of New Spain. Flowers violet or red. Cytisus-like Krameria. Shrub 3 feet. Cult. The species of Krameria will thrive well in loam mixed with plenty of sand, and young cuttings, if planted in a pot of sand with a bell-glass placed over them, will root readily. ORDER XXIV. TREMA'NDRE^E (plants agreeing with Tremundra in important characters). R. Brown, gen. rem. p. 12. B.C. prod. 1. p. 343. Calyx of 4 (f. 72. a.) or 5, unequal sepals, which are valvate when in the bud, and somewhat united at the base, deciduous. Petals equal in number with the sepals (f. 72. 6.), and alternating with them ; these are involute in the bud, inclosing the stamens, and much larger than the calyx, also deciduous. Stamens hy- pogynous, distinct, 2 in front of each petal, therefore there are 8 or 1 0 in each flower ; filaments erect ; anthers inserted by the base, 2-4-celled, bursting by a pore or tube at the apex. Ovary ovate (f. 72. c.), compressed, 2-celled ; each cell con- taining 1-3 ovulse (f. 72. d.~). Capsule ovate, compressed, 2- celled, 2-valved (f. 72. c.), bearing a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds pendulous, ovate, with a naked umbilicus, and terminated by a caruncle-like appendage, inserted at the apex of the dissepiment. Embryo cylindrical, straight, placed in the axis of a fleshy albumen, with the radicle pointing towards the umbilicus, not superior. This is a small order containing elegant, erect, heath-like shrubs, natives of New Holland, usually beset with pili, which are tipped with capitate glands. The leaves are either alternate or in whorls, without stipulas, entire or toothed. The pedicels are axillary, solitary, and 1 -flowered. The flowers are usually purple, and may be compared to those of Bauera, as well as the habit of the shrubs. This order is allied to Polygalece, also to Droseracece, but differs from the first in the stamens being free as well as in having regular flowers, and from the last in the capsule being 2-celled, and from all in cells of the anthers. Nothing is known of the properties of the plants con- tained in this order. Synopsis of the genera. 1 TETRATHE'CA. Sepals 4 (f. 72. a.), nearly equal. Petals 4 (f. 72. 6.). Stamens 8 ; anthers 4-celled. Seeds usually soli- tary in the. cells. 2 TREMA'NDRA. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Stamens 10; anthers 2-celled. I. TETRATHFCA (from rtrpa, tetra, fourfold, and Br,Kr,, thece, a cell ; in allusion to the 4 cells of the anthers, for which the plants are remarkable). Smith, nov. holl. 1 . t. 2. Labill. nov. holl. specim. 1. p. 95. 1. 122, 123. D. C. prod. ]. p. 343. LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4, almost equal sepals (f. 72. a.). Petals 4 (f. 72. &.). Stamens 8 ; anthers 4- celled. Seeds generally solitary. Shrubs beset with glandular hairs, with the habit of Bauera. 1 T. JU'NCEA (Smith, nov. holl. 1. t. 2.) leaves alternate, few, lanceolate, and are as well as branches glabrous. Tj . G. Native of New Holland. Stems 2-edged, almost naked. Flowers either white or purple. Rushy Tetratheca. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1803. Shrub 1 ft. 2 T. GLANDULOSA (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 95. t. 123. but not of Smith.) leaves alternate, ovate-oblong, toothed, and are as well as branches covered with glandular hairs ; sepals ovate- lanceolate. 1? . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Very like T. pilosa, but the flowers are larger. Flowers purple. Glandular Tetratheca. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1822. Sh. \ to 1 ft. 3 T. PILOSA (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 95. t. 122.) leaves scat- tered or in whorls, oblong-linear, entire, with revolute margins, and are as well as branches covered with glandular hairs ; sepals almost orbicular. Tj . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. T. glandu!6sa, Smith, exot. hot. t. 21. Flowers axillary, solitary, purple. Peduncles furnished each with a bractea at the base. Sepals orbicular, acute, ciliated with glandular hairs. Petals obovate. 3 B 2 372 TREMANDRE^E. I. TETRATHECA. II. TREMANDRA. PITTOSPORE^E. I. BILLARDIERA. FIG. 72. Hairy Tetratheca. Fl. July, August. Clt. 1822. Shrub | to 1 foot. 4 T. DENTICULA'TA (Sieb. ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 147.) leaves opposite, linear, revolute, a little denticulated, and are pilose as well as the branches ; sepals lanceolate, acute, glandu- lar. Tj . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers red. Denticulated-leaved Tetratheca. Shrub 1 foot. 5 T. ERIC^FOLIA (Smith, exot. bot. p. 87. t. 20.) leaves linear, 5-6 in a whorl, with revolute scabrous margins; branches sca- brous ; sepals ovate, acutish. T? . G. Native of New Holland. Rudge, in Lin. trans. 8. t. 11. Peduncles and calyxes smooth. Flowers somewhat nodding. Petals obovate, rose-coloured, but sometimes white (f. 72.). Heath-leaved Tetratheca. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1 820. Shrub | to 1 foot. 6 T. THYMIFOLIA (Smith, exot. bot. t. 22.) leaves 4 in a whorl, lan- ceolate, acute, ciliated ; branches rather hairy ; sepals lanceolate, acute, ciliated. T; . G. Native of New Holland. Peduncles and calyxes scabrous. Sepals more acute than in T. ericce/olia, to which it is nearly allied. Petals purple. Thyme-leaved Tetratheca. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub ^ to 1 foot. 7 T.RUBioiDEs(Cuning. in Fields, geogr. new south wales, p. 336.) leaves 5 or 6 in a whorl, linear, falcate, upper surface scabrous ; branches hoary ; peduncles soli- tary, axillary, drooping. Tj . G. Native of New Holland on rocky declivities of the Blue Moun- tains. Flowers purple. Allied to T. ericcefdlia. Madder-like Tetratheca. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. Shrub 1 foot. Cult. The species of this beautiful genus of little shrubs deserve to be cultivated in every green-house, but they are very difficult to preserve, as well as extremely difficult to procure, as seeds seldom vegetate after a voyage from their places of natural growth. They thrive best in a mixture of very sandy loam and peat. Young cuttings will root freely if planted in a pot of sand, with a bell-glass placed over them. II. TREMA'NDRA (from rpcfua, tremo, to tremble, to shake, and avtp avSpos, aner andros, a male ; the anthers being slightly fixed by their base to the points of the filaments, shake from the least motion or breath of air.) R. Brown, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 344. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5. Stamens 10; anthers 2-celled. Shrubs, with the habit of Helidnthemun, beset with starry hairs. 1 T. STELLI'OERA (R. Br. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 344.) erect ; leaves ovate, entire, under surface hoary, upper surface beset with rough stellate hairs. Pj . G. Native on the eastern coast of New Holland. Habit of plant like Hermdnnia or He- lidnthemum alyssoides. Flowers purple ? Star-bearing Tremandra. Shrub 1 to 1-J foot. 2 T. DIFF.U SA (R. Br. ined. and D. C. prod. 1 . p. 344.) dif- fuse, much branched ; leaves ovate, with a few deep teeth, upper surface glabrous, under surface scabrous from a few scattered stellate hairs. Jj . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers purple ? Z)^'«*e-branched Tremandra. Shrub 1 foot. Cult. The species of this genus require the same treatment as Tetratheca. ORDER XXV. PITTOSPOVRE^ (shrubs agreeing with Pittosporum in many important characters.) R. Br. gen. rem. ter. austr. p. 10. D. C. prod. 1. p. 345. Calyx of 5 deciduous sepals, which are sometimes free, and sometimes united together to the middle (f. 73. a.) they are im- bricate in the bud. Petals 5, hypogynous, with the claws con- niving, sometimes united, with spreading lamina (f. 73. d. c.) which are imbricate in the bud. Stamens 5 (f. 73. rf.) hypogy- nous, distinct, alternating with the petals. Ovary 1, free (f. 73. c.) with the cells or placentas 2-5 or many-seeded. Style 1 (f. 73. y.), crowned by numerous stigmas (f. 73. g.) which are equal in number to the placentas or cells of the ovary. Pericarp capsu- lar or baccate ; cells many-seeded, sometimes incomplete. Seeds usually covered with glutinous pulp. Embryo minute, placed near the umbilicus in a fleshy albumen, with a longish radicle and short cotyledons. This order contains beautiful trees and shrubs, or climbing shrubs as Billardiera, with alternate simple feather-nerved leaves, destitute of stipulas, usually entire. Flowers terminal or axillary, sometimes polygamous ; they are from white to yel- low, usually of a bell-shaped form, with a spreading border. This order is distinguished from the neighbouring tribes in the seeds being enveloped in resinous pulp, and in the imbricate aestivation of the petals and sepals. Nothing is known of the properties of the plants contained in this order. Synopsis of the Genera, 1 BILLARDIE'RA. Sepals and petals 5, which last have the claws somewhat convolute at the edges, approximate. Berry ellipsoid, terminated by the style. Climbing or twining shrubs. 2 PITTO'SPORUM. Sepals (f. 73. a.) and petals 5 (f. 73. b.) which last have their claws conniving into a connate tube (f. 73. d.). Capsule 2-3-valved, 1 -celled, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds covered with resinous pulp. Erect trees or shrubs. 3 BURSA'RIA. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, distinct. Cap- sule compressed, obcordate, 2-celled, 2-valved. Seeds covered with resin. A spiny, branched shrub. 4 SENA'CIA. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, distinct. Capsule or berry 2-valved, half-2-celled. Seeds 4-8, arillate, adnate to the middle or base of the dissepiment. Shrubs with the habit of Celdstrus. I. BILLARDIE'RA (in honour of Jean Jacques Julien La- billardiere, a celebrated French botanist, who visited Syria and afterwards New Holland in d'Entrecasteux's expedition, author of Novae Hollandiae plantarum specimen, 2 vol. 4to. &c.) Smith, exot. bot. t. 1. D. C. prod. 1. p. 345. but not of Vahl. nor Moench. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 acuminated sepals. Petals 5, with approximate claws, which are somewhat convolute at their edges, forming a bell-shaped flower. Berry elliptical, terminated by the style. Climbing shrubs, natives PITTOSPOREiE. I. BlLLARDIERA. II. PlITOSPORUM. 373 of New Holland and Van Diemen's Land, with 1-2-flower- ed axillary or terminal pedicels, and eatable fruit generally of bluish colour when ripe. * Leaves entire. 1 B. SCA'NDENS (Smith, nov. holl. t. 1.) branches climbing, younger ones villous ; leaves linear-oblong, entire; pedicels 1- flowered, villous, shorter than the flower ; berries velvety. Tj . w. G. Native on the western coast of New Holland. Adult branches glabrous. Leaves 1-J- inch long and 2 lines broad. Flowers cream-coloured. Sims, bot. mag. 801. B. Canarien- sis, Wend. hort. her. 3. t. 15. • Climbing Apple-berry. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1790. Shrub climbing. 2 B. MUTA'BILIS (Sal. par. lond. t. 48.) branches climbing, younger ones rather villous ; leaves lanceolate-linear, entire ; peduncles 1 -flowered, glabrous, length of flower; berries gla- brous. Tj . w. G. Native of New Holland. Flowers cream- coloured, at length purplish. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1313. Changeable- flowered Apple-berry. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1795. Shrub climbing. S B. FUSIFO RMIS (Labill. nov. holl. t. 90.) branches hardly climbing, younger ones rather villous ; leaves lanceolate, en- tire ; panicles few-flowered ; berries spindle-shaped, villous. ^2 • \j- G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Flowers cream- coloured, changing to bluish. Petals spreading. Spindle-shaped Apple-berry. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub climbing. 4 B. LONGTFLORA (Labill. nov. holl. t. 89.) branches climb- ing, younger ones scarcely pubescent; leaves lanceolate, en- tire ; pedicels 1-flowered, glabrous, one-half shorter than the flower ; berries almost globose, torose, glabrous. Tj . ,_,. G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1507. Flowers pale-yellow. This is a free growing species and abun- dant flowerer. It has a very fine appearance when covered with its bluish fruit. Long-flowered Apple-berry. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1810. Shrub climbing. 5 B. ANGUSTIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 345.) branches climb- ing, younger ones pubescent ; leaves linear, entire, flat, glabrous ; pedicels 1-flowered, and are as well as oblong berries glabrous. fj . w. G. Native of New Holland. Leaves acute. Pedicels glabrous. Flowers cream-coloured. Petals acute. Narrow-leaved Apple-berry. Fl. May, Sep. Clt. 1820. Shrub climbing. 6 B. ROSMARINIFOUA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 345.) branches climbing, glabrous ; leaves linear, somewhat reticulately-nerved, glabrous, with revolute margins. T? . w. G. Native of New Holland on the eastern coast. Flowers cream-coloured ? Rosemary-leaved Apple-berry. Fl. May, Sep. Sh. climbing. * Leaves variable, some entire, others toothed or cut. 7 B. PARVIFLORA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 346.) branches climbing, younger ones rather villous ; leaves oblong, glabrous, entire, or with a few teeth at the apex ; pedicels 1 or 3-flowered, bracteate, rather hispid. Tj . ,_,. G. Native on the eastern coast of New Holland. Sepals villous, hispid. Flowers 4 or 5 lines long, bluish when dry. Petals acute. Small-flowered Apple-berry. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1825. Shrub climbing. 8 B. VARIIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 346.) branches filiform, villous ; leaves oblong, rather villous, entire, and somewhat pin- natifidly-toothed ; pedicels villous, hardly longer than the calyx. Tj . y^,. G. Native of New Holland at King George's Sound. Sepals villous. Flowers cream-coloured, 4 lines long, disposed in a kind of corymb on the tops of the branches. Various-leaved Apple-berry. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub climbing. Cult. The species of Billardiera are desirable shrubs for the conservatory. They thrive well in an equal portion of loam and peat. Cuttings planted in a pot of sand, with a bell-glass placed over them will root readily. They may also be raised from seed, which several of the species produce in abundance. II. PITTO'SPORUM (from wrr,, pitte, resin, and sporos, a seed ; in allusion to the seeds being covered with resin- ous pulp.) Banks in Gsert. fr. 1. p. 286. t. 59. D. C. prod. 1. p. 346. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals (f. 73. a.). Petals 5 (f. 73. 6.) with the claws conniving into a connate tube (f. 73. rf.). Capsules smooth or hairy (f. 73. c.) 2- 5-valved, 1-celled, bearing a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds covered with a resinous pulp. Shrubs, with en- tire permanent leaves, with the habit of Laurel. Flowers tu- bular, with a spreading border disposed in terminal cymes or racemes; they are either white or yellowish. 1 P. CORIA'CEUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 3. p. 488.) leaves obovate, obtuse, coriaceous, quite smooth ; peduncles umbel- lately branched, many-flowered, and are as well as the calyxes villous. Tj . G. Native of Madeira on the mountains. Andr. bot. rep. t. 151. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 569. Flowers bluish-white. Leathery-leaved. Pittosportim. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1783. Shrub 8 feet. 2 P. VIRIDIFLORUM (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1684.) leaves obovate, retuse, cuneated at the base, shining, under surface reticulated ; panicle somewhat globose, terminal, glabrous. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. P. Capense and arbutifolium of gardeners. P. Sinense, Desf. cat. 231. Capsules 3-valved. Flowers greenish-yellow, smelling like jasmine. Green-flowered Pittosporum. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1806. Shrub 6 feet. 3 P. TOBIRA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. p. 27.) leaves obovate, obtiiie, coriaceous, quite smooth ; peduncles 1-flowered, pubes- cent, disposed in aggregate umbels. Jj . G. Native of Japan. Sims, bot. mag. 1396. Tobira, Koempf. amcen. t. 797. Euony- mus Tobira, Thunb. jap. 99. P. Chinense, Donn, cant. 48. Capsules usually 3-valved, but sometimes 3 to 5 valved ; valves thick, leathery, almost woody. Flowers white. Tobira is the name of the shrub in Japan. Tobira Pittosporum. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1804. Sh. 12 ft. 4 P. UNDULA'TUM (Andr. bot. rep. t. 393.) leaves oval-lan- ceolate, undulated, tapering at both ends, and are as well as the footstalks glabrous ; peduncles terminal, aggregate, pubescent, branched, many-flowered. Tj . G. Native of New Holland. Vent. hort. eels. t. 76. Delauny, herb. amat. t. 36. Ker. bot. reg. t. 16. Schrad. gen. em. t. 4. Flowers white. Undulatcd-]ezved Pittosporum. Fl. Feb. June. Clt. 1789. Shrub 10 feet. 5 P. REVOLU'TUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 27.) leaves elliptical-oblong, bluntish, under surface pubescent, with revo- lute margins ; peduncles terminal, villous, disposed in aggregate umbels. I? . G. Native of New Holland at Port Jackson. Ker. bot. reg. 186. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 506. Flowers yellow. Revolute -leaved Pittosporum. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1795. Shrub 6 feet. 6 P. TOMENTOSUM (Bonpl. nav. t. 21.) leaves oboval-oblong, acute at both ends, upper surface glabrous, under surface as well as branches pubescently-tomentose, flat ; peduncles aggregate, terminal. T? . G. Native of New Holland. Sweet, fl. austr. t. 33. Flowers yellow. Tomentose-\ea\ed Pittosporum. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1S24. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 374 PITTOSPOREyE. II. PITTOSPORUM. III. BURSARIA. IV. SEKACIA. 7 P. FU'LVUM (Rudge trans. Lin. FIG. 73. soc. 10. p. 298.) leaves broad-lan- ceolate, obtuse ; footstalks and nerves of leaves tomentose ; branches tomentose ; peduncles ag- gregate ; sepals spreading. Tj . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers yellowish. Perhaps sufficiently dis- tinct from P. tomentosum (f. 73.) Fulvous-leaved Pittosporum. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2- 4 feet. 8 P. FERRUGI'NEUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 27.) leaves elliptical, acuminated at both ends, upper surface glabrous, under sur- face covered with rusty tomentum on the nerves and leafstalks ; pe- duncles terminal, branched, disposed in aggregate umbels. Tj . S. Native of Guinea ? Sims, bot. mag. t. 2075. Flowers yellow. Far. [3 ? jilarium (D. C. prod. 1 . p. 347.) bark thready. Rump. amb. 7. p. 13. t. 7. Native of the Molucca islands. Rusty-\ea.\ed Pittosporum. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1787. Shrub 6 feet. 9 P. HI'RTUM (Willd. enum. p. 261.) leaves ovate-oblong, under surface pubescent, adult ones glabrous ; leafstalks and branches hairy. Tj . G. Native of the Canary Islands. P. hirsutum, Link. enum. 233. Flowers white ? Hairy-branched Pittosporum. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822. Shrub 4 feet. 10 P. LAURIFOLIUM (Willd. sel. in Rcem. and Schult. syst. 5. p. 432.) leaves oblong, obtuse, coriaceous ; peduncles 1-flower- ed, lateral, and aggregate. ^ . G. Native of TenerifFe. Flowers white ? Laurel-leaved Pittosporum. Shrub 6 feet. 11 P.? FHYLLiRjEoiDEs (D. C. prod. 1. p. 347.) leaves ob- long, mucronate, coriaceous, flat, very smooth, almost veinless ; pedicels lateral, 1-flowered, solitary. ^ . G. Native of New Holland. Capsules ovate, somewhat compressed, 2-valved, rather fleshy, and even on the outside. Flowers yellow. Phyllircea-like Pittosporum. Shrub 4 feet. •)• Species scarcely known except by name, and probably some of them are identical with some of those described above. 12 P. TENUIFOLIUM (Gaert. fr. 1. p. 286. t. 59.) capsules 3- valved, rather globose, wrinkled. T? . G. Native of New Holland. Thin-leaved Pittosporum. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Shrub 4 feet. 13 P. UMBELLATUM (Gaert. fr. 1. p. 286.) capsules 3-valved, compressedly-globose, scabrous on the outside from elevated dots, fy . G. Native of Australia. Umbellate-Homered Pittosporum. Fl. May, June. Sh. 4 ft. 14 P. EXPE'NSE (Nois. hort. ex Steud. nom. 628.) Tj . G. Expensive Pittosporum. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1820. Shrub 6 feet. 15 P. TUBERCULAVTUM (Zeyh. ex Steud. nom. 628.) *}. G. Tuberculated Pittosporum. Fl. April, June. Shrub. 16 P. ANDERSONII (Fisch. in cat. hort. roy. peterb.) Tj . G. Flower yellow. Cultivated in Chelsea botanic garden in 1824. Anderson's Pittosporum. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1824. Sh. 4 ft. 17 P. MAURITIANUM (Lodd. cat. 1825.) J? . S. Perhaps P. ferrugineum var. /3, filarium. Mauritian Pittosporum. Fl. Ap. Ju. ? Clt. 1825. Sh. 8 feet. Cult. A!l the species of Pittosporum are handsome shrubs, with good foliage and pretty flowers, well adapted for conser- vatories. They thrive best in an equal mixture of loam and peat. Ripened cuttings will root freely if planted in sand under a hand-glass, or one species may be grafted on another. P. Tobira, a native of Japan, is nearly hardy, as well as those species native of the Canary Islands ; these may be preserved against a south wall, with the assistance of a mat, in severe weather. III. BURSA'RIA (from bursa, a pouch ; the capsules very much resemble those of Thlaspi bursa-pastoris, which re- semble a female's pocket.) Cav. icon. 4. t. 350. D. C. prod. 1. p. 347. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, distinct. Capsules compressed, obcordate, somewhat stipi- tate, 2-celled, 2-valved (almost as in Polygala.) The seeds according to Cav. are clothed with resin. — An elegant much branched shrub, with oblong-cuneated, entire small leaves, and small white flowers, which are disposed either in lateral or ter- minal panicles. 1 B. SPINOSA (Cav. 1. c.) T? . G. Native of New Holland. Branches either spiny or unarmed. Leaves small, wedge- shaped. Itea spinosa, Andr. bot. rep. t. 314. Sims, bot. mag. 1767. Cyrilla spinosa, Spreng. nov. prov. 15. Spiny-branched Bursaria. Fl. July, Dec. Clt. 1793. Shrub 10 feet. Cult. This is a very desirable shrub for a green-house or conservatory, being an abundant flowerer, and very shewy when covered all over with its elegant little white blossoms. An equal mixture of sandy loam and peat is the best soil for it ; and young cuttings will root freely if planted in sand under a bell- glass. (Swt.) IV. SEN A' CIA (in honour of John Senac, a distinguished French physician, was born in Gascony about the close of the 17th century; he died 1770.) Comm. ined. Du. Pet. Th. obs. pi. isl. d' afr. p. 27. D. C. prod. 1. p. 347. — Senskciae. sp. Lam. ill. 2. p. 95. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed, small. Petals 5, distinct, lanceolate. Stamens 5, hypogynous. Younger capsules berry-formed, at length 2-valved, half 2-celled. Seeds 4-8, adhering to the base and middle of the dissepiments, arillate ; with horny albumen. Embryo small, situated at the base of the seed. — Smooth branched shrubs, with feather-nerved entire leaves, and terminal corymbs of white flowers. These shrubs have the habit of Celdstrus, and are apt to be confused with that genus if not particularly examined. The hypogynous insertion of the stamens is sufficient to distinguish them. 1 S. UNDULA'TA (Lam. ill. no. 2709.) leaves lanceolate, waved ; flowers terminal, disposed in umbellate corymbs ; fruit 4-sided, on short pedicels. T? . S. Native of the Mauritius, where it is called by the French Bois de Joli Cceur on account of the hardness of its wood. Celastrus undulatus, Lam. diet. 1. p. 662. Flowers white. Ovary somewhat stipitate. Style short. Var. ft ; leaves oval-lanceolate. Waved-leaved Senacia. Clt. 1785. Shrub 15 feet. 2 S. NIPAULE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 347.) leaves lanceolate, flattish ; flowers terminal, disposed in umbellate corymbs ; fruit sessile, 4-seeded. Jj . G. Native of Nipaul. Celastrus verti- cillitus, Roxb. hort. beng. 18. not of Fl. Peru. Leaves not in whorls, but crowded around the corymbs of flowers. Capsules somewhat compressed. Valves after opening mucronate at the apex. Flowers white. Nipaul Senacia. Clt. 1820. Shrub 12 feet. 3 S. LANCEOLA'TA (Lam. ill. no. 2710.) leaves lanceolate, flattish ; flowers disposed in umbellate corymbs ; seeds 8, 4 in the bottom and 4 in the middle of the cells. T; . S. Native of the Mauritius. See Pet. Th. 1. c. Flowers white ? PITTOSPORE^. IV. SENACIA. FRANKENIACE^. I. FRANKENIA. 375 Lanceolate-\eaved Senacia. Shrub 10 feet. 4 S. ELLI'PTICA (Lam. ill. no. 2711.) leaves elliptical, obtuse ; flowers axillary, disposed in something like fascicles. fj . S. Native of the Antilles. Like Rhamnus sarcomphalus. A very doubtful species. Perhaps referable to Celdstrus or Maytenus. Flowers white. Elliptical-leaved Senacia. Shrub. Cult. All the species of Senacia will grow well in a mixture of loam and peat, or any rich light soil ; and ripened cuttings planted in a pot of sand under a hand-glass, placed in heat, will root freely. ORDER XXVI. FRANKENIAVCE^ (plants agreeing with Frankenia in many important particulars.) St. Hil. mem. plac. cent. p. 39. and mem. mus. 12. p. 77. D. C. prod. 1. p. 349. Calyx of 4-5 erect (f. 74. 6.) or spreading (f. 77. a. f. 76. a.) sepals, united at the base into a furrowed tube (f. 74. a.), or cleft to the base (f. 76. a. f. 77. a.), permanent, equal, rarely unequal, lanceolate or linear acute. Petals hypogynous, equal in number to the sepals, and alternating with them, sometimes unguiculate (f. 74. &.). Claws length of calyx, with a spreading limb (f. 74. 6.) in this case the throat is usually crowned with petal-like scales as in Carophyllece, sometimes sessile, spreading (f. 76. b.~), sometimes with a 5-petalled (f. 76. d.) or 5-toothed urceolus (f. 77. d.) between the petals and the stamens. Stamens hypogynous, sometimes equal in number with the petals (f. 74. d.), in this case they are alternate with them ; or double that number, when this is the case the alternate ones are opposite the petals, but sometimes multiple that number ; filaments filiform (f. 74. d.) or very short. Anthers roundish, linear or elliptical, bursting laterally by 2 pores at the apex, seldom at the base. Ovary 1 (f. 74. g. f. 77. e. f. 76. e.), free. Style filiform (f. 74. e.~), simple (f. 77. d.). bifid or trifid (f. 74. f.). Capsule ovate-oblong (f. 77. e.), somewhat tri- gonal, 2-3-valved (f. 74. g. f. 75. d.), 1-celled or incom- pletely 3-celled from the valves being bent inwards at the edges ; valves bearing seminiferous placentas at the margins on both sides (f. 74. g.), many-seeded. Seeds small. Em- bryo straight in the middle of the albumen, with a short radicle pointing towards the umbilicus, and flat leafy cotyle- dons. This order is composed of elegant little herbs, subshrubs or shrubs, with simple and branching stems, and opposite alter- nate whorled or crowded, entire, ciliated or toothed leaves, stipulate or exstipulate, when this last is the case the base is produced into stem-clasping membranes, usually furnished with glands ; the stipulas when present are usually fringed. The flowers are either white, rose-coloured, or yellow, axillary or terminal, when they are axillary the peduncles are 1 -flowered, when they are terminal they are either disposed in corymbs or loose racemes. Pedicels always propped by a leaf or bractea. This order differs from Violariece and Caryophyllece as well as from all the neighbouring orders, in the seeds being fixed to the margins of the valves, to marginal parietal nerves or dissepi- ments, not to intervalvular placentas, as in Violarieae, nor to cen- tral placentas as in Caryophyllece. The medicinal virtues of the plants contained in this order are very slight. The seeds of all are truly difficult to preserve in a living state for more than a few weeks, therefore very few of the plants of this order are to be met with in gardens, but the whole are very easy to introduce as plants. Synopsis of the Genera. SECT. I. FRANKE'NIJE. Sepals united into a tube (f. 74. a.). Petals unguiculate ; claws length of calyx. Stamens 6. 1 FRANKE'NIA. Petals and sepals 4-5. Stamens 6. Style 3- cleft (f. 74./.) lobes oblong, stigmatose inside. Flowers usually with a crown of scales in the throat. Capsule 3- (f. 74. g.) 4 valved, many-seeded. 2 BEATSO'NIA. Petals and sepals 4-5. Stamens 6. Style bifid ; lobes ending in a globular stigma. Capsule 2-valved, few-seeded. Petals appendiculate. SECT. II. SAUVA'GEJE. Petals and sepals spreading, not un- guiculate, usually furnished with an urceolus or inner corolla, si- tuated between the petals and stamens. Stamens 5-7 or inde- finite. 3 LUXEMBU'RGIA. Sepals and petals 5 (f. 75. e.), unequal. Anthers 7 or indefinite, almost sessile, united into a secund mass, each bursting by 2 pores at the apex. Style awl-shaped, incurved. Capsule 3-valved (f. 75. d.), many-seeded. Seeds winged at the apex. 4 SAUVAGE'SIA. Sepals and petals 5 (f. 76. a. c.), with filiform appendages between the 5 petal-like scales or inner corolla (f. 76. d.). Stamens 5 between the scales and the petals. Style simple. Capsule incompletely 3-celled, 3-valved. 5 LAVRA'DIA. Petals and sepals 5 (f. 77. a. 6.), with a mona- petalous 5-toothed urceolus or corolla (f. 77. d.), including the stamens. Style simple. Capsule incompletely 3-celled, 3- valved, many-seeded. SECT. I. FRANKE'NIJE (plants agreeing with Frankenia, in having a tubular calyx and unguiculate petals.) Calyx tubular. Petals unguiculate, with the claws the length of the calyx, fur- nished with an appendage at the top on the inner side of each claw. Style bifid or trifid. Small heath-like herbs or sub- shrubs. Leaves opposite or in whorls. I. FRANKE'NIA (in honour of John Frankenius, professor of botany at Upsal, who first enumerated the plants of Sweden in Speculum Botanicon, 1638; died 1661.) Lin. gen. no. 445. D. C. prod. 1. p. 349. LIN. SYST. Hexandria, Monogynia. Style 3-cleft ; lobes oblong, stigmatose within. Capsules 3-4-valved. — Small pros- trate heath-like plants, with the flowers usually rising from the forks of the stem, or disposed in terminal corymbs. 1 P. PULVERULE'NTA (Lin. spec. 474.) leaves opposite, in whorls, obovate, retuse, glabrous, under surface powdery, with the petioles ciliated ; root slender ; flowers axillary and terminal, sub- solitary. O- H. Native in sand by the sea-side in various parts of Europe, Siberia, Tauria, and perhaps New Holland ; in England on the Sussex coast very rare, between Bognor and Brighthelmston. Smith, engl. bot. 2222. Fl. graec. t. 344. CIus. hist. 2. p. 186. f. 2. Stems prostrate, Flowers axillary, solitary, pale- red. Powdery Sea-heath. Fl. July, Aug. England. PI. prostrate. 2 F. NODIFLO'RA (Lam. ill. t. 262. f. 4.) leaves ovate, gla- brous, not ciliated on the footstalks ; stems prostrate, and are as 376 FRANKENIACE^. I. FRANKENIA. well as calyx glabrous. fj . Tf. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Frankenia, Burch. cat. no. 513. Flowers pale-red in axillary corymbs. Knot-flowering Sea-heath. Fl.Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. pros- trate. 3 F. NOTHRIA (Thunb, prod. 58. fl. cap. ed. Schult. 1. p. 295.) leaves clustered, linear, glabrous, with revolute margins, ciliated at the base ; branchlets pubescent ; stems prostrate, and are as well as calyxes glabrous. Jj . If.. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Nothria repens, Berg. cap. 171. 1. 1. f. 2. Flowers pale red, terminal, aggregate. Petals toothed. Nothria Sea-heath. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. Prostrate creeping plant. 4 F. L* vis (Lin. spec. 473.) leaves clustered, linear, gla- brous, with revolute margins, ciliated at the base ; stems pros- trate, rooting, and are as well as calyxes glabrous ; flowers ter- minal, or axillary, solitary. Jj . !£ . H. Native in muddy salt marshes by the sea-side in many parts of Europe and the Canary Islands. In England chiefly on the eastern coast. Smith, engl. bot. t. 205. — Mich. gen. t. 22. f. 1. Flowers rising from the forks of the stem in the same manner as in most of the species, flesh-coloured, but sometimes white with yellow claws. Smooth Sea-heath. Fl. July, Aug. England. PI. creeping. 5 F. INTERMEDIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 349.) leaves in whorls, linear, with revolute margins, glabrous, ciliated at the base ; stems prostrate, velvety ; calyxes hispid ; flowers aggregate, fj . 11 . 1 1 . Native on the sea-shore in the south of Europe, par- ticularly along the shores of the Mediterranean and Algiers. F. hirsuta, var. Calabrica, Lin. F. hirsuta, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 766. — Mich. gen. t. 22. f. 2. Flowers pale red or white. Intermediate Sea-heath. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. trailing. 6 F. GRANDIFLORA (Cham, et Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 35.) leaves obovately-cuneated, mucronulate, with revolute margins, rather coriaceous, ciliated at the base. Tj . F. Native of New California in the sand by the sea-side. Stem trailing, woody at the base. Flowers axillary and terminal, solitary, sessile ; scales of throat bifid. Stamens 6-7. Capsule lanceolate, obsoletely trique- trous. Petals reddish ? Great-flowered Sea-heath. Shrub trailing. 7 F. HISPIDA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 349.) leaves in whorls, linear, with revolute margins, glabrous, somewhat ciliated at the base ; stems diffuse, and are as well as calyxes hispid ; flowers termi- nal, solitary. Jj . 1£. H. Native in salt marshes and on rocks from the island of Cyprus to Siberia. F. hirsuta, var. Cretica, Lin. F. hirsuta, Sibth. fl. graec. t. 313. Flowers white. Hispid Sea-heath. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1789. PI. prostrate. FIG. 74. 8 F. CORYMBOSA (Desf. atl. 3. p. 315. t. 93.) leaves clustered, linear, with revolute margins, glabrous, somewhat ciliated at the base ; stems velvety, erect ; calyxes gla- brous ; flowers in terminal corymbs. Jj . F. Native of Barbary near Arzeau by the sea-shore. Flowers rose-coloured (f. 74.). Corymbose-fiowered Sea-heath. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Sh. | ft. 9 F. ERic.EF6LiA (C. Smith, in Buch. can. p. 30.) leaves in whorls, linear, stalked, with re- volute margins, somewhat ciliated at the base, upper surface glabrous, under surface as well as stems and calyxes pruinosely-velvety ; flowers aggregate, terminal. Jj .G. Native of the Canary Islands on the sea-shore. Flowers rose- coloured. Heath-leaved Sea-heath. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1815. Shrub prostrate. 10 F. KRE'BSII (Cham, in Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 36.) leaves linear, with revolute margins, smooth, rather ciliated at the base ; stems flagellseform, and are as well as the calyxes hispid ; flowers disposed in branched panicles ; petals twice the length of the calyx. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Like F. hispida, but the flowers are double the size. Stems 2 feet long. Leaves in whorls ? Krebs's Sea-heath. Shrub creeping. 11 F. VELUTI'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 350.) leaves linear- oblong, obtuse, not ciliated at the base, soft and velvety on both surfaces, but the sterns and calyxes are not so. Tj . F. Native in fields about Mogodor. Flowers red. Velvety-leaved Sea-heath. Fl. June, July. Shrub -| foot. 12 F. MO'LUS (Bieb. suppl. 276.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, villous ; flower-bearing branches alternate, panicled, vil- lous ; flowers on pedicels, disposed in racemose panicles. Tj . H. Native of Tauria ? The whole plant is clothed with soft hoary hairs. Flowers red. Soft Sea-heath. Fl. June. Aug. Clt. 1 824. Shrub prostrate. 13 F. THYMIFOLIA (Desf. atl. 1. p. 316.) leaves oblong, ob- tuse, small, rather stiff, glabrous, cinerous, ciliated at the base ; stems erect, younger ones hardly puberulous ; calyxes glabrous ; flowers axillary, sessile. T; . F. Native in the sand of the desert of Barbary about Tozzer, also in Spain about Aranjuez. Flowers red. Thyme-leaved Sea-heath. Fl. June, August. Shrub J foot. 14 F. MICROPHY'LLA (Cav. icon. 6. t. 597. f. 1.) leaves oval, small, quadrifariously-imbricated, glabrous ; stems prostrate, and are as well as calyxes glabrous ; flowers solitary, terminal and axillary. Tj . S. Native of South America. Flowers red. Small-leaved Sea-heath. Shrub prostrate. 15 F. FRUTICULOSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 350.) leaves linear, acutish, with revolute margins, glabrous, not ciliated at the base ; stems erect, glabrous ; calyxes acute, glabrous. Tj . G. Na- tive of New Holland in the island of St. Francisco in the sand by the sea-side. Flowers pink. Shrubby Sea-heath. Fl. June, July. Shrub 1 foot. 16 F. PAUCIFLORA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 350.) leaves linear, al- most filiform, with revolute margins, glabrous, ciliated at the base ; stems erectish, canescent, and are as well as acute calyxes, glabrous. Tj • G. Native of New Holland on the western coast. Hook, in bot. mag. 2896. Flowers pink. Ferv-flowered Sea-heath. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1824. Sh. 1 ft. 17 F. TETRAPE'TALA (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 114.) leaves linear, almost filiform, with revolute margins ; flowers solitary, terminal, 4-petalled ; lobes of calyx 4, with tomentose margins. Tj . G. Native of New Holland and Van Diemen's Land. Flowers pink ? Four-pelalled Sea-heath. Shrub f foot. 18 F. REVOLV/TA (Forsk. aeg. 75.) leaves in whorls, ovate, with revolute margins ; stems dichotomous ; capsules 4-valved ; flowers terminal, usually solitary. ^ . F. Native in the deserts of Alexandria. Habit of F. corymbosa, but the flowers are scat- tered and solitary. Calyx 5-sepalled. Flowers rose-coloured. Revolute-]eaved Sea-heath. Shrub ^ foot. Cult. Frankenia is a genus of beautiful little evergreen shrubs or herbs, ornamented with pretty little flesh-coloured or reddish flowers. The hardy species are well adapted for orna- menting rock-work, or to be grown in small pots and placed among other alpine plants as well as those marked frame ; the greenhouse species should be placed on the front shelf of a green- house during winter. They all thrive well in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat, but the pots require to be well drained with potsherds. They are readily increased by cuttings, which FRANKENIACE^E. II. BEATSONIA. III. LUXEMBURGIA. IV. SAUVAOESIA. 377 should be planted under a hand-glass in sand, by seeds, or by dividing at the roots. II. BEATSO'NIA (Mr. Beatson, who wrote an account of the island of St. Helena.) Roxb. fl. St. hel. in Beats, trav. p. 300. D. C. prod. 1. p. 350. LIN. SYST. Hexandna, Monogynia. Style bifid; lobes crowned by globular stigmas. Capsules 2-valved, few-seeded. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from Frankenia. I B. PORTULACOI'DES (Beats, itin. p. 300.) leaves roundish, fleshy, glabrous ; stem shrubby, bushy. Tj . G. Native of St. Helena on rocks by the sea-side on the south side of the island. Frankenia portulacaefolia, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 1 34. Flowers red ? Purslane-like Beatsonia. Shrub £ foot. Cult. This plant will thrive well in a mixture of peat and sand, and cuttings will root readily in the same kind of mould under a hand-glass. SECT. II. SAUVA'GE^E (plants agreeing with Sauvagesia in having a spreading calyx and corolla). Calyx of 5 equal (f. 76. a. f. 77. a.) or unequal spreading sepals. Petals 5, equal or unequal, spreading, usually with a 5-leaved (f. 76. d.) or tubular, 5-toothed (f. 77. rf.), urceolus or inner corolla, situated between the petals and stamens in Sauvagesia, and inclosing the stamens in Larradia. Style simple. Elegant plants with alternate leaves and feathery stipulast III. LUXEMBU'RGIA (in honour of M. Le due de Luxem- bourg, under whose auspices M. Auguste St. Hilaire commenced his voyage to Brazil). St. Hil. mem. mus. 9. p. 351. and 12. p. 83. Plectanthera, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 40. LIN. SYST. Octo-Polyandria, Mnnogynia. Calyx of 5, un- equal, deciduous sepals. Petals 5 (f. 75. e.) rather unequal, deciduous. Anthers inserted on a short gynophore with the pistil, almost sessile, definite, or usually indefinite, linear, quadra- gonal, 2- celled, bursting at the apex by 2 pores, adglutinated into a mass on one side, usually clasping the ovary, deciduous, but the rudiments of the filaments are permanent. Style declinate, pyramidately -subulate, crowned by a simple or rarely 3-parted stigma. Ovary sessile or ,on a short stalk (f. 75. d ), oblong, triangular. Capsule 1-celled, many-seeded, 3-valved (f. 75. d.); valves bent inwards at the edges, more or less, and bearing the seeds on the margins. Seeds numerous, oblong, girded by a membrane which is broadest at the top, with a double covering, both membranous. Umbilicus at the narrowest extremity of the seed. Albumen fleshy. Embryo slender, straight, with the radicle almost touching the umbilicus. Elegant, branched, smooth shrubs, with the habit of some species of Rhododendron. Leaves alternate, toothed, mucronate, oblong, elegantly lined. Stipulas lateral, twin, caducous FIG 75 or permanent, setaceously-ciliated. Flowers beautiful yellow, disposed in terminal racemes or corymbs. Peduncles jointed above the base, furnished with 2 bracteas. 1 L. SPECIOSA (St. Hil. mem. mus. 12. p. 86. t. 3.) leaves almost sessile, oblong, obtuse, tapering to the base ; flowers large, disposed in racemes ; stamens numerous. Tj . S. Native of Brazil on mountains near Milhoverde at the height of 3700 feet. (f. 75.) Sheniy Luxemburgia. Fl. Oct. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 2 L. CORYMBOSA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 12. p. 87. t. 4.) leaves on short footstalks, oblong, VOL. i. — PART iv. narrow, acutish, cuneated and tapering at the base ; flowers large, few, disposed in corymbs; stamens numerous. T? . S. Native of Brazil on the mountains called Serra da Caraca, at the height of 6000 feet, by the sides of rivulets. Corym&ewe-flowered Luxemburgia. Fl. Feb. Sh. 5 to 6 ft. 3 L. POLYA'NDRA (St. Hil. mem. mus. 12. p. 88.) leaves stalked, oblong-elliptical, rather cuneated at the base ; flowers middle-sized, disposed in racemes ; stamens numerous. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Novas on mountains. The specific name is very inapplicable, as the two preceding species are polyandrous as well as this plant. This shrub is called Congoha do Campo and Mate do Campo in Brazil. Polyandrous Luxemburgia. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 4 L. OCTA'NDRA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 9. p. 351. and 12. p. 89.) leaves almost sessile, oblong-elliptical, narrow, somewhat cuneated at the base ; flowers small, disposed in racemes ; sepals ciliated; stamens definite, 7-12. Tj . S. Native of Brazil with the preceding. Plectanthera floribunda, Mart. fl. br. 1. p. 40. t. 26. Octandrous Luxemburgia. Fl. Feb. Shrub 2 to 6 feet. Cult. Luxemburgia is a genus of truly elegant shrubs, with large beautiful yellow flowers, and serrated, shining, stiff" leaves, having the habit of some species of Rhododendron. None of the species have been introduced to the gardens of Europe, there- fore the mode of cultivating and propagating them in the gar- dens is unknown ; but should any person be fortunate enough to introduce them in a living state, we recommend their being grown in a mixture of loam and sandy peat, giving them plenty of water in the summer season. Young cuttings will no doubt root freely in a pot of sand, with a bell-glass placed over them, in heat. IV. SAUVAGFSIA (so called by Linnaeus in honour of his distinguished friend and correspondent Francis Boissier de Sau- vages, a celebrated physician of Montpelier, and inventor of modern nosology, died in 1767). Lin. gen. no. 112. Jacq. amer. p. 77. D. C. prod. 1. p. 315. St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 97. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 5-parted (f. 76. a.), spreading, permanent, closed when in fruit. Outer petals 5 (f. 76. &.), equal, spreading, obovate, deciduous. Inner petals (scales ?) 5 (f. 76. d.}, opposite the outer ones, erect, with incumbent margins, conniving into a tube, permanent, with filiform appendages between the outer and inner corolla (f. 76. c.), which are indefinite or definite in number, they are perma- nent and dilated at the apex. Stamens 5, permanent, alternating with the petals ; filaments very short, adhering to the base of the inner petals ; anthers fixed by their base, linear, 2-celled, opening laterally at the apex. Style erect, crowned by a blunt hardly manifest stigma. Ovary superior (f. 76. e.\ 1-celled, many-seeded. Capsule oblong or ovate-oblong, acutely 3- lobed, rarely ovate and bluntish as in S. tenella, more or less profoundly 3-valved, empty above. Seeds disposed in two rows on the margins of the valves, minute andfavosely-scrobicu- late. Albumen fleshy. Radicle pointing towards the umbilicus, longer than the cotyledons. Elegant, smooth subshrubs, rarely herbs. Leaves simple on short petioles, rarely sessile. Stipulas lateral, twin, ciliated, permanent. Flowers axillary, or disposed in terminal racemes, sometimes bracteate, white, rose, or violet- coloured. Parts of flowers twisted in the bud. 1 S. RACEMOSA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 98.) stem shrubby, almost simple ; leaves elliptical-oblong or elliptical- ovate or ovate, acutish, toothed ; Stipulas ciliated, curled ; ra- cemes terminal, almost simple ; segments of calyx acute, shorter than the corolla ; filiform appendages numerous. Pj . S. Native of Brazil in humid pastures or marshes in the provinces of St. Paul 3C 378 FRANKENIACE.E. IV. SAUVAGESIA. and Minas Geraes. S. ovata, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 36. t. 24. f. 2. Calyx reddish or rather violaceous. The five outer petals flesh or rose-coloured. The five inner ones red or dark purple, or variegated with red and purple, girded on the outside with an indefinite number of filiform appendages. Var. ft, nana (St. Hil. 1. c.) stems hardly the length of a finger ; leaves much smaller. Racemose-Homered Sauvagesia. Fl. Dec. May. Sh 1 to 2 ft. 2 S. SPRENGE'LII (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 99.) stem shrubby, erect, hardly branched ; leaves small, lanceolate, acute, remotely ser- rated ; racemes terminal ; segments of calyx unequal, very blunt, shorter than the corolla ; filiform appendages numerous. J? . S. Native of Brazil and Guiana in moist meadows. S. erecta, Spreng. neue. entd. 1. p. 296. exclusive of the syno- nymes. S. serpyllifolia, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 37. t. 25. Flowers red ; the five inner petals girded on the outside by an indefinite number of filiform appendages. Var. ft, gracilis (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 101.) stem more slender and longer ; leaves narrower, less crowded ; racemes few-flowered ; pedicels shorter, and are as well as bracteas generally solitary. Sprengel's Sauvagesia. Fl. May. Shrub \ foot. 3 S. LA'XA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 38.) stem herbaceous, loose, elongated, erectish ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, serrulated ; flowers disposed in terminal racemes ; sepals acute. I/ . S. Native of Brazil in humid meadows. S. rubiginosa, var. ft, luxurians, St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 102. Flowers pink. Loose Sauvagesia. Fl. Nov. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 4 S. RUBIGINOSA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 101.) stems suffruticose ; leaves lanceolate, narrow, acute at both ends, ser- rated; flowers terminal, disposed in racemose spikes, furnished with bracteas ; segments of calyx hardly unequal, oblong, acute, longer than the outer petals ; filiform appendages numerous, fj . S. Native of Guiana and Brazil in dry meadows. An erect or decumbent much-branched shrub. Inner petals givded on the outside by numerous filiform appendages. Rusty Sauvagesia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 5 S. ERE'CTA (Lin. spec. 1. ed. FIG. 76. p. 241.) root fibrous ; stems suf- fruticose and usually branched, erect, or ascending; leaves lan- ceolate, acute at both ends, serru- lated ; flowers axillary, solitary or twin, sometimes in threes ; ge- nerally nodding ; segments of ca- lyx ovate-oblong, acute, or lanceo- late, acuminated, a little longer than the corolla ; filiform appendages numerous. Tj . or I/ . S. Native in humid meadows and on the bor- ders of rivulets and fountains as well as in marshes throughout South America and the West Indies, also in Guinea, Madagascar, and Java. Jacq. amer. p. 77. t. 51. f. 3. St. Hil. mem. mus. 11. pi. C. t. I. A. S. erecta, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 253. t. 100. f. b. Lam. ill. II. p. 119. t. 140. f. 1 and 2. S. erecta and nutans, Pers. ench. 1. p. 253. S. erecta, Adima, and nutans, Poir. encyclo. VI. p. 669, 670. suppl. 5. p. 72. S. erecta, Adima, and Peruviana, Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 437 and 438. S. Adima, Spreng. neue. entd. 1. p. 294. S. erecta and geminiflora, Ging. viol. p. 27. t. II, X. The five outer petals are white, and sometimes flesh-coloured. The five inner ones purple at base and white at the apex, girded on the outside by numerous filiform append- ages. This plant is called Yaoba by the Caribbs, Yerba de St. Martin by the Peruvians. This is a truly polymorphous plant. Var. ft, stricta (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 38.) root fibrous ; stems erect, and are as well as the branches very straight. Erect Sauvagesia. Fl. May to Oct. Clt. 1823. PL § to 1 ft. 6 S. ADI'MA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 251. t. 100. f. a. Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 37.) root creeping; stem herbaceous, procumbent, branched ; branches flexuous ; leaves lanceolate, somewhat spa- tulate, acute, serrulated ; peduncles filiform, axillary, solitary ; segments of the calyx ovate, setaceously-acuminated. J/ . S. Native of Brazil on rocks at the river Niger, also in Guiana. M. Aug. St. Hilaire considers S. erecta and S. Adima to be identical, but Martius considers them specifically distinct. Perhaps S. Adima of all authors is the same as this plant. Flowers red. Adima is the name of the plant in Guiana. The negroes and Creoles of Guiana use the leaves of this plant, as well as those of S. erecta, instead of spinach ; they are mucila- ginous ; the roots are supposed to be emetic. Adima Sauvagesia. PI. procumbent. 7 S. IENE'LLA (Lam. ill. 2. p. 119.) stem herbaceous, weak, generally simple ; leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate, rarely toothed ; stipulas small ; flowers axillary or terminal ; outer petals a little longer than the calyx ; filiform appendages five or fewer. O- S. Native of Guiana in moist places. St. Hil. in mem. mus. II. p. 105. pi. 6. t. 1. f. ft. Flowers pale red. Weak Sauvagesia. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. PI. | foot. 8 S. LINEARIFOLIA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 106. pi. 6. t. 2. f. a.) stem suffruticose, 4 inches high ; leaves linear- acute, rarely serrated ; flowers axillary ; petals a little shorter than the calyx ; filiform appendages 5. Ij.S. Native of Brazil in the sandy part of the province of Minas Geraes called Dis- tritodos-Diamantes, near the place where the diamonds which are vulgarly called Servico do Rio Pardo are found, at the height of about 4000 feet above the level of the sea, but very rare. S. pusilla, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 35. t. 24. f. 1. Flowers white or rose-coloured. Sepals ciliated at the apex. Linear-leaved Sauvagesia. Shrub -j to -J- foot. t Species not sufficiently known. 9 S. ERICOI'DES (Ging. mss. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 316.) stem simple ; leaves crowded, linear-lanceolate, with very entire, re- volute margins ; stipulas bristly, awl-shaped ; racemes dichoto- mous ; sepals ovate, acuminated, 3-times shorter than the petals. O- %• S. Native of Brazil in moist places. S. pendula, Mart. ex Steven, in litt. Flowers pinkish. Heath-like Sauvagesia. Fl. June, Aug. PI. ^ foot. 10 S.? FRUTICOSA (Mart, in litt. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 316.) stem much branched, covered with lanceolate, bristly-pectinated permanent stipulas ; branches fastigiate ; leaves crowded at the top of branchlets, linear, acute, with sharp, serrulated, revolute margins; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered. Tj. S. Native of Brazil on rocks. Flowers pinkish. Shrubby Sauvagesia. Fl. Feb. Sh. 1 foot. 11 S. SALICIFOLIA (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 316.) stems branched, ascending ; leaves lanceolate, with revolute, quite entire margins ; stipulas awl-shaped, awned, entire ; flowers solitary, almost sessile. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers pink ? Perhaps a species of Lavradia. Willow- leaved Sauvagesia. Shrub ^ foot. Cult. Sauvagesia is a genus of elegant little annual or shrubby plants. The annual species should be sown thinly in pots in a mixture of loam and peat in the month of March, and then placed in a moderate hot-bed, where they may remain until they have ripened their seeds, or they may be removed into the stove when the plants are of sufficient size. The shrubby kinds require the heat of a stove, and should be planted in the same kind of soil as recommended for the annual species. They may be either increased by cuttings under a hand-glass in 1 FRANKENIACE^E. V. LAVRADIA. CARYOPHYLLE^E. 379 heat, or by seeds. The whole of the species require to be kept rather moist during the summer months. V. LAVRA^DIA (in honour of the Marquis of Lavradio, a distinguished patron of botany ; once Viceroy of Brazil). Vellosa et Vand. in Roem. script, his. et bras. p. 88. t. 6. f. 6. B.C. prod. 1. p. 314. St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 107. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx profoundly 5- parted (f. 77. a.), spreading, permanent, closed when in fruit. Outer petals 5 (f. 77. 6.), equal, spreading, ovate, or ovate- lanceolate, deciduous. Inner corolla monopetalous (urceolus ?), ovate-conical, narrowed at the apex (f. 77. c.) and toothed, per- manent, without any filiform appendages between the outer and inner corolla. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals of the outer corolla, but inclosed within the inner corolla ; permanent filaments very short, adhering to the base of the inner co- rolla ; anthers fixed by their base, elliptical, 2-celled, opening lengthwise at the sides. Style erect (f. 77. rf.) permanent, crowned by a scarcely manifest stigma. Ovary (f. 77. e.) 1- celled at the top and 3-celled at the base, many-seeded. Capsule ovate, 3-lobed, acute, 3-valved, and empty at the top, but with the valves bent inwards at the base, even to the centre of the capsule, therefore the capsule is 3-celled at the base, dissepiments lunulately truncate, and bearing the seeds at the top. Seeds, albumen, and embryo as in Sauvagesia, Elegant, smooth, subshrubs. Leaves simple, on very short footstalks. Stipulas lateral, twin, ciliated, permanent. Flowers axillary or terminal, disposed in racemes, rarely in panicles, but in both cases they are bracteate ; they are either white or red. Parts of flowers twisted in the bud. 1 L. ERICOIDES (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 108. pi. 7. f. a.) leaves crowded, small, linear, quite entire, with revolute margins ; flowers axillary. Tj . S. Native of Brazil on the top of a mountain called Caraca in the province of Minas Geraes, at the height of about 5700 feet above the level of the sea, but very rare. The five outer petals are rose-coloured, and the urce- olus is purple. Heath-like Lavradia. Fl. Feb. Shrub -j to ^ foot. 2 L. ELEGANTI'SSIMA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 109. pi. 8.) stem a little branched ; leaves minute, much crowded, in bun- dles, elliptically-ovate, very blunt, quite entire, veinless ; racemes short, terminal. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in sandy places on the mountains called Serra de Curumatahy in the province of Minas Geraes, near Tejuco, at the height of about 4000 feet above the level of the sea, but very rare. An elegant little shrub, with pale purple flowers. Most elegant Lavradia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 3 L. VELLOZII (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 110.) stem a little branched ; leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends, serrated ; racemes compound, generally few-flowered. Jj . S. Native of Brazil in humid places of woods, and in arid places of moun- tains, but very rare, in the province of Minas Geraes near foun- tains at the height of about 3700 feet above the level of the sea. Lavradia, Vel. mss. Vand. fl. lus. et bras. p. 15. f. 6. Vand. in Rcem. script, p. 88. t. 4. f. 6. L. Velloziana, Steud. nom. Flowers purple. Velloz's Lavradia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 4 L. GLANDULO'SA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 112. pi. 9.) stem a little branched ; leaves much crowded, obovate, very blunt, with dry gland-like serratures, mucronate ; racemes fur- nished with very short branches ; bracteas and calyxes with glandular serratures. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, plentiful on the mountains in the province of Minas Geraes among stones, espe- cially at the places called Itambe, Ponte Alta, and Candonga, at the height of about 2000 feet above the level of the sea. Flowers rose-coloured. Leaves broad, terminated by a long point (f. 77.). Glandular-ca\yxed Lavradia. Fl. Feb. Mar. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 5 L. CAPILLA RIS (St. Hil. in FIG 77 mem. mus. 11. p. 113. pi. 10.) stem much branched; leaves approxi- mate, numerous, lanceolate, acute at both ends, with glandular serra- tures, veiny ; panicle terminal, di- varicating, capillary, generally few- flowered. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in sandy places on mountains near the places called Itambe and Tapan- hoa-canga, in the province of Minas Geraes, at about the height of 2000 feet above the level of the sea. Flowers, red. Var. fl, glanduloso-pubescens (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 114.) branches clothed with glandular pubescence ; leaves smaller ; stipulas almost simple. Capillary-}>amc\eA Lavradia. Fl. Nov. to April. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 6 L. ALPE'STRIS (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 32. t. 22.) leaves ap- proximate, linear, quadrifariously disposed, spreading horizon- tally, quite entire ; stipulas almost entire, setaceous ; bracteas and sepals naked ; flowers panicled. ^7 . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes in stony shady places. Corolla purplish or rose-coloured. Rock Lavradia. Fl. April, May. Sh. 3 to 4 feet. 7 L. MONTA'NA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 33. t. 23.) leaves alter- nate, almost sessile, obovate, marginate, denticulated, obtuse, smooth, ending in a mucrone ; stipulas pinnatifid, bracteas and calyxes ciliated with glands. Jj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. L. Vandellii, Roem. etSchult, script, lus. min. p. 88. t. 1C. f. b. L. glandulosa, var. ft rubella, St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 113. Flowers deep rose-coloured, in crowded racemose panicles. Mountain Lavradia. Clt. 1826. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. Cult. These elegant shrubs will thrive well in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat, and cuttings will root readily in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. Cohort III. Ovary solitary. Placentas central. ORDER XXVII. CARYOPHY'LLEjE. Juss. gen. 299. D. C. prod. I. p. 351. Caryophy'lleae and Arenarias, Lam. Calyx of 4 (f. 79. a.) but usually of 5 sepals (f. 81. 6.), con- tinuous with the pedicel, never free, sometimes united together into a tube, which is 4-5-toothed, constantly imbricate in aestiva- tion, usually permanent. Petals equal in number to the teeth or sepals of the calyx, and alternating with them, inserted in a more or less elevated torus, unguiculate, with an entire (f. 80. d. f. 81. b.) or bifid (f. 79. rf.) spreading limb, usually furnished with petal-like scales at the throat (f. 78. d. f. 79. c.). These scales are seldom absent. Stamens equal in number with the petals, or double that number (f. 79. e. f. 81.6.), inserted in the torus, those that are alternate with the petals are much earlier than the others and free, those that are opposite the petals are sometimes adnate to their base, sometimes these last are abortive ; filaments awl-shaped (f. 80. c.), sometimes monadelphous at the base ; anthers 2-celled (f. 8 1 . e.), birimose, usually inserted by their base. Ovary inserted on the top of the torus, simple, ovate, or oblong (f. 81./.), 2-5-valved, crowned by an equal number of stigmas (f. 81. g.), these are filiform or clavate, distinct from the base, stigmatose and papillose inside. Capsule 2-5-valved, 3C 2 380 CARYOPHYLLE^E. united at the base and opening at the top (f. 78. a.), and toothed ; teeth equal in number to the valves of the capsule, sometimes entire, sometimes bifid, usually 1 -celled, but sometimes 2-5- celled from the partitions jutting out from the valves to the central placenta, sometimes incomplete, sometimes continuous to the axis. Placenta always central, it is free and rather conical in the 1-celled capsule, and sometimes, though seldom, continuous with the base of the styles ; in the many-celled cap- sules it is connected with the dissepiments. Seeds indefinite, rarely definite, disposed along the central placenta, 2 rows in a series, with as many series as there are styles, and alternating with them. Albumen mealy, usually central. Embryo sometimes perepheric, more or less incurved, rarely straight, central, with the radicle pointing towards the hilum. This order is com- posed of herbs or subshrubs with knotted stems, opposite, entire leaves, which are usually connate at the base. The flowers are terminal, solitary, or disposed in racemes, panicles, or co- rymbs, they are either white, yellow, or red, or the shades between these colours. They are inhabitants of mountains and pastures of all parts of Europe, Siberia, the North of Africa and North America ; few are to be met with within the tropics. Most of the genera are ornamental and well adapted for ornamenting rock-work and flower-borders ; but in Didnthus the pride of the order consists. This genus is almost unrivalled for the brilliancy and fragrance of its flowers, and for the neatness of its leaves. Some are trifling weeds, as Spergula, Alsine, and Cerastium. The medical virtues of this order are but slight. Saponaria officinalis and one or two others have been praised for possessing antisyphilitic properties ; the root of Silene Virginiana is reputed anthelmintic, and the Arenaria peploides, being fermented, is used by the Icelanders as food. This order differs from all the foregoing in the placentas being central, not intervalvular, nor marginal, and from L'meae in the cells being many-seeded, not 1- 2-seeded as in that order, except from abortion, as well as in the valves of the capsule being connected, not separating from the base. From Malvaceae it differs in the capsule not being of numerous distinct carpels surrounding the axis. The seeds of all retain their vegetative power for a length of time, therefore they are easily introduced in a living state from any part of the world. Synopsis of the genera. TRIBE I. SILE'NE*. Sepals united into a cylindrical tube, which is 4-5- toothed at the apex. 1 GYPSOPHILA. Calyx campanulate, angular, somewhat 5- lobed, with membranous margins. Petals 5, not unguiculate. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule 1-celled. 2 BA'NFFYA. Calyx tubular, profoundly 5-parted. Petals 5, undivided. Stamens 10, 5 of which are fertile. Styles 2. Capsule 1-celled, few-seeded. 3 DIA'NTHUS. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, furnished with 2-6 imbricate, opposite scales at the base. Petals 5 (f. 78. b.) with long claws. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule 1-celled (f. 78.). Seeds compressed. 4 SAPONA'RIA. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, naked at the base. Petals 5, unguiculate. Stamens 10. Style 2. Capsule 1-celled. 5 CUCU'BALUS. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed, naked. Pe- tals 5, unguiculate, with a bifid limb. Capsule fleshy, 1-celled. 6 SILE'NE. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, naked. Petals 5, un- guiculate, with an entire or bifid limb, usually furnished with a crown of petal-like bifid scales in the throat. Stamens 10. Styles 3. Capsules 3-celled at the base, opening at the top, 6-toothed. 7 VISCA'RIA. Calyx cylindrical, 5-toothed, naked. Petals 5, unguiculate, with scales in the throat. Stamens 10. Styles 5. Capsule 5-celled. Anthophorum long. 8 LY'CHNIS. Calyx tubular, cylindrically-clavate, 5-toothed, naked. Petals 5, unguiculate, usually furnished with a crown of petals like scales in the throat. Stamens 10. Styles 5. Cap- sule 1-celled. Anthophorum long. 9 AGROSTE'MMA. Calyx egg-shaped, 5-toothed, naked. Petals 5, unguiculate, furnished with a crown of petal-like scales in the throat. Stamens 10; Styles 5. Capsule 1-celled. Antho- phorum short or wanting. 10 GITIIA'GO. Calyx campanulate, coriaceous, with 5 long segments. Petals 5, unguiculate, naked. Stamens 10. Styles 5. Capsule 1-celled. Anthophorum wanting. 1 1 VELE'ZIA. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Petals 5, with long filiform bearded claws (f. 79. c.), and an emarginated limb. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule 1-celled (f. 79. &.). 12 DRY PIS. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Petals 5, unguicu- late, with 2-parted limbs and with a crown of bifid petal-like scales in the throat. Stamens 5. Styles 3. Capsule 1-celled, cut round about, 1 -seeded from abortion. 13 VIVIA'NIA. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed. Petals 5, ungui- culate. Stamens 10. Stigmas 3. Capsule 3-celled, half 3-valved, many-seeded. TRIBE II. ASINE'JE. Sepals 4-5, free, or hardly connected at the base. 14 ORTE'GIA. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla wanting. Stamens 3 ; anthers cordate. Style 1 , crowned by a capitate stigma. Cap- side 1-celled, 3-valved. Seeds fixed to the bottom of cap- sule. 15 GOU'FFEIA. Calyx 5-parted, spreading. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule globose, 1-celled, 2-valved, 1- 2-seeded. 16 BUFFO' NIA. Calyx of 4 sepals. Petals 4, entire. Sta- mens 4. Styles 2. Capsule compressed, 1-celled, 2-valved, 2- seeded. 17 S AGIN A. Calyx 4-5-parted. Petals 4-5, or wanting. Stamens 4-5. Capsule 4-5-valved, 1-celled, many-seeded. 18 Mffi'NCHiA. Sepals and petals 4. Stamens 4. Styles 4. Capsule membranous, 1-valved, 1-celled, 8-10-toothed at the apex, many-seeded ; seeds kidney-shaped. 19 HYMENE'LLA. Calyx 4-parted, spreading. Petals 4, oblong, entire, length of the calyx. Stamens 4, alternate with the petals, joined at the base by a little 8-toothed crown. Ovary ovate. Styles 3. Capsule S-celled. CARYOPHYLLE^E. I. GYPSOPHILA. 381 20 MOEHRI'NGIA. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. Stamens 8. Styles 2. Capsule 4-valved, 1-celled, many-seeded. 21 ELA'TINE. Calyx 3-4-parted. Petals 3-4, without claws. Stamens 3-4 or 6-8. Styles 4, capitate at the top. Capsule 4- valved, 4-celled, many-seeded. Seeds cylindrical. 22 BE'KGIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 10. Style 5, approximate. Capsule 5-valved, 5-celled. 23 MOLLU'GO. Calyx 5-parted. Petals wanting. Stamens 3. Styles 3. Capsule 3-valved, 3-celled, many-seeded. 24 PHARNA'CEUM. Calyx 5-parted. Petals wanting. Sta- mens 5. Styles 3. Capsule 3-valved, 3-celled, many-seeded. 25 PHY'SA. Calyx of 5-sepals. Petals wanting. Stamens 10. Stigmas 3. Capsule 3-furrowed, 3-valved, 3-celled. Valves septiferous, conniving with the receptacle. 26 HO.LO'STEUM. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5, toothed. Stamens 5, or only 3-4 from abortion. Styles 3. Capsule 1- celled, opening at the apex by 6 teeth. 27 SPE'RGULA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 10. Styles 5. Capsule 1-celled, 5-6-valved, many-seeded. 28 SPERGULA'RIA. Calyx 5-parted or 5-sepalled. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 5-10. Styles 3-5. Capsule 1-celled, 3-5- valved, many-seeded ; seeds marginate. 29 DRYMA'RIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, bifid. Stamens 5. Styles 3. Capsule 3-valved, even to the base, 5 or many- seeded. Embryo perepheric, rather annular. 30 SCHIEDEA. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5, minute, bifid. Stamens 10. Styles 3, stigmatose on the inside. Capsule 1- celled, 3-valved, separating near to the base, many-seeded. 31 STELLA RIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, bifid. Stamens 10, or from abortion only 3-8. Styles 3. Capsule 1-celled, 6- valved at the apex, many-seeded. 32 ARENA'RIA. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5, entire. Sta- mens 10 or fewer from abortion. Styles 3. Capsule 1-celled, 3-6-valved at the apex, many-seeded. 33 ME'RCKIA. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 5. Styles 3. Capsule inflated, depressed, globose, 3-valved, imperfectly 3-celled, with the dissepiment 2-parted, many-seeded. 34 CERA'STIUM. Calyx 5-parted (f. 80. a.). Petals 5, usually bifid. Stamens 10. Styles 5. Capsule 1-celled, cylindrical or globose, opening at the top, 10-toothed. 35 BRACHYSTE'MMA. Calyx deeply 5-parted. Petals 5, minute, acute. Stamens 5. Styles 2. Capsule spherical, 1- celled, 4-valved, 1 -seeded, opening to the base. 36 CHERLE'RIA. Calyx of 5 sepals (f. 81. &.). Petals 5, small, emarginate. Stamens 10. Styles 3 (f. 81. g.). Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved ; cells 2-seeded ? 37 SPERGULA'SIRUM. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5, very minute, entire or wanting. Stamens 10, perigynous. Stigmas 4, sessile, ligulately-setaceous. Capsule ovate, longer than the calyx, 4-valved. 38 ? HYDROPI'TYON. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5, ovate, roundish. Stamens 10, pilose. Style 1, crowned by an orbi- cular stigma. Capsule 1-celled, 1 -seeded; seed filling the capsule. Tribe I. SILE'NE^ (plants agreeing with Silene, in having a tubular calyx.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 351. — Caryophylleae, Lam. Sepals grown together into a cylindrical or campanulate tube, 4 or 5- toothed at the apex. I. GYPSO'PHILA (from yi/^oe, gypsos, lime, or plaster, and ^J\EW, phileo, to love ; because the plants of this genus chiefly prefer a limestone or chalky soil.) Lin. gen. no. 768. D. C. prod. 1. p. 351. LIN. SYST. DecdniJria, Digynia. Calyx campanulate, angu- lar, somewhat 5-lobed ; margins of lobes membranous. Petals 5, not unguiculated. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule 1-celled. Annual, or perennial evergreen herbaceous plants, with leaves resembling the pink, and small white or pink flowers, usually dis- posed in diffuse panicles. SECT. I. STRU'THIUM (Struthium is the Latin for fullers'herb.) Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 352. Calyxes free from scales at the base. 1 G. OCCELLA'TA (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 387.) flowers capitate ; petals ovate, marked by a purple circle ; stems diffuse ; leaves spatulate, downy on both surfaces. If. . H. Native of mount Delphi in the island of Negropont. Cucubalus poly- gonoides, Willd. spec. 2. p. 690 1 Petals entire, white, marked with a purple circle as in Di&nthus delloides. Stems diffuse, 3 or 6 inches long. Occe/toed-petalled Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. PI. £ foot. 2 G. THYMipbuA (Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. t. 388.) flowers somewhat capitate ; stems diffuse, somewhat dichotomotis ; leaves spatulate, downy on both surfaces ; petals obovate, rounded, not spotted. If. . H. Native of mount Parnassus. Habit of G. occellata. Stem more elongated and more branched. Calyx hairy. Flowers 2 or 3 in each tuft, white. Plant diffuse. Thyme-leaved Gypsophila. Fl. July. PI. -^ foot. 3 G. STRU'THIUM (Lin. spec. 582.) flowers in dense round panicled tufts ; stems simple, roughish ; leaves linear, fleshy, nearly semi-cylindrical, axillary ones crowded. If. . H. Native of Spain. — Barrel, icon. 64. t. 119. Stems shrubby at the base. Flowers white. Petals hardly emarginate. This herb is said to be used instead of soap for scouring by the Spaniards at pre- sent, as it was by the ancients. It would be curious to know if the plant contains fossil-alkali, like many succulent maritime plants, and whether the saponaceous qualities of Saponaria offi- cinalis be owing to the same cause. Fullers' -herb Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1729. PI. l^ft. 4 G. FASTIGIA'TA (Lin. amoen. 3. p. 23.) flowers corymbosely- fastigiate ; stems ascending ; leaves lanceolate-linear, obsoletely triquetrous, smooth, obtuse, secund ; stamens exserted. If. . H. Native of France, Switzerland, Germany, and Siberia, among rocks — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 144. f. 61. f. 1. Stem procumbent before flowering. Flowers white. Segments of the calyx ob- tuse, pruinose. Fastigiate- flowered Gypsophila. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. PL 1 foot. 5 G. DICHOTOMA (Besser. prim. fl. galiz. 1. p. 372.) flowers fastigiately-corymbose ; stem erect, diehotomous, compressed, glabrous ; leaves linear, somewhat fleshy, triquetrous, acute ; petals oblong, spreading ; styles equalling the stamens in length. If. . H. Native of Poland among stones about Jaslo. Flowers white or pink. Dichotomous-stemmed Gypsophila. Fl. July. PI. 2 feet. 6 G. COLLINA (Stev. inlitt. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 252.) stem branched, smooth ; flowers fastigiate ; leaves linear, somewhat fleshy, acute, roughish ; lobes of calyx bluntish; stamens long. "H. . H. Native about Odessa. Flowers white or pink. 382 CARYOPHYLLE^E. I. GYFSOPHILA. ill Gypsophila. FL July, Aug. Clt. 1821. PL 1| foot. G. ARENA MA (Walds. et Kit. hung. 40. t. 41.) flowers corymbosely-fastigiate ; petals very rarely emarginated ; leaves linear, rather fleshy, glabrous, flat. If. . H. Native of Hungary and Volhynia, in a sandy or gravelly soil. Flowers pale-red. Capsules globose. Sand Gypsophila. FL July, Aug. Clt. 1801. PL 1 foot. 8 G. VISCOSA (Murr. in comm. goatt. 1783. p. 9. t. 3.) flowers fastigiately-corymbose ; branches divaricating ; leaves ovate- lanceolate, smooth, cordate at the base, and clasping the stem ; space of stem between the leaves clammy in the middle ; petals retuse ; segments of calyx broad, obtuse. O • H. Native of the Levant. Flowers white or pink. Clammy Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1773. PL J to 1 ft. 9 G. TENE'LLA (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 874.) flowers paniculately- umbellate, on long pedicels ; stems very pliant. Q. H. Native? Bracteas short, ovate-lanceolate. Flowers white or pink. Delicate Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. PL | to f ft. 10 G. GRANDIELORA (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 874.) stem straight; flowers panicled ; branchlets almost naked, few-flowered ; petals emarginate ; leaves linear-awl-shaped, hairy. If ? H. Native? Panicles few-flowered. Flowers large, white or pink. Great-lowered Gypsophila. Fl. July. PL 1J foot. 11 ALTI'SSIMA (Lin. spec. 582.) branches spreading; flowers panicled, small ; panicle much branched ; pedicels clammy ; stems erect ; leaves lanceolate, somewhat 3-nerved. If, . H. Native of Siberia and Greece. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 143. t. 60. Capsules small, roundish. Segments of calyx obtuse, frosted. Flowers pink or sometimes nearly white. Petals entire ? Tallest Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. PL 3 to 5 ft. 12 G. PERFOLIA'TA (Lin. spec. 583.) flowers loosely panicled; panicle much branched ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, ribbed, half stem-clasping, horizontal ; petals entire. "If. . H. Native of Spain and the Levant. Dill. elth. 368. t. 276. Flowers pale-red. Var. ft, tomentbsa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 352.) leaves downy. G. pubescens, Hort. G. tomentosa, Lin. spec. 582? I/. H. Native of Tauria. — Barrel, icon. 1. 1002. Flowers white or pink. Perfoliate Gypsophila. FL July, Aug. Clt. 1732. PL 2 ft. 13 G. SCORZONERIFOLIA (Hort. mus. par. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 352.) flowers panicled ; panicles clammy ; leaves lanceolate, half stem-clasping, acute, 3-5-nerved, smooth. l/.H. Native of Siberia near Kislar. G. sabuldsa, Stev. in litt. G. perfoliata, Bieb. fl. taur. cauc. ex Stev. This plant differs from G. perfo- liata, in the panicles being clammy, flowers larger, and segments of calyx more acute. Flowers pink. Panicle dichotomous. Sahafee-leaved Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PL 1| to 3 feet. 14 G. ACUTIFOLIA (Fisch. cat. hort. gor. 1812. p. 59.) flowers trichotomously panicled ; peduncles villous, clammy ; petals emarginate, twice as long as the calyx, longer than the stamens ; leaves linear, lanceolate, acuminated, flat, obscurely 3-nerved. If . H. Native of Caucasus on stony hills. G. altissima, Bieb. fl. taur. cauc. 1. p. 280. but not of Lin. Flowers white. Acute-leaved Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PL 2 or 3 feet. 15 G. PANICULA'TA (Lin. amcen. 3. p. 23.) flowers panicled, minute, dioeceous; peduncles smooth, filiform, divaricating; segments of calyx obtuse; leaves linear-lanceolate, scabrous, acute. If. . H. Native of Sicily in sandy or gravelly places, also in Siberia and Hungary about Buda. Jacq. fl. austr. 5. t. 1 . A diffuse plant, with numerous small whitish flowers. -PamWed-flowered Gypsophila. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. PL 2 to 3 feet. 16 G. ARROSTII (Guss. pi. rar. p. 160. t. 30.) flowers pa- nicled, small, hermaphrodite ; branches of panicle trichotomous, 1 -flowered ; stamens rather longer than the corolla ; calycine segments obtuse, dotted, scabrous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, flattish, smooth ; stems round, prostrately ascending, smooth. •y.. H. Native of Calabria. Arrostia dichotoma, Raf. carat, p. 76. Flowers small, white. Capsule 4-5-valved. Calyx bractless. Arrost's Gypsophila. FL June, July. PL prostrate. 17 G. ASCE'NDENS (Jacq. hort. vind. 2. t. 138.) flowers pa- nicled, small ; peduncles smooth, filiform, divaricating ; segments of calyx acute, the same length with the corolla, stamens, and pistils; stems prostrate; leaves lanceolate-linear. l/.H. Na- tive of the Levant. Petals emarginate, white. Ascending-stemmed Gypsophila. FL July, Aug. Clt. 1800. PL prostrate. 18 G. GLAU'CA (Stev. in litt. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 353.) flowers panicled ; panicle divaricating ; branches few-flowered, pubescent, clammy ; leaves linear-lanceolate, somewhat fleshy, obtuse. If. H. Native of Caucasus. G. repens, Bieb. fl. taur. 318. ex Stev. in litt. Flowers white. Glaucous-leaved Gypsophila. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1822. PL l^ft. 19 G. E'LEGANS (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 319. suppl. 296.) flowers dichotomously-panicled, glabrous ; petals emarginate, twice as long as the calyx and stamens ; leaves lanceolate, somewhat fleshy. O- H. Native of Tauria in gravelly places. Schrank. pi. mon. t. 21. Very like G. viscosa, but the leaves are nar- rower, and acute at both ends. Flowers pinkish. Elegant Gypsophila. Fl. June, Sep. Clt. 1818. PL 1 foot. 20 G. CRE'TICA (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 384.) stem pa- niculately branched, smooth, viscid, but pubescent towards the top ; flowers small, erect; calyx many-nerved; leaves linear- awl-shaped, 3-nerved, smooth; petals small, entire. If,. H. Native of Candia in arid places. Saponaria Cretica, Lin. spec. 584. — Alp. exot. 292. t. 291. Flowers small, white above but flesh-coloured beneath. Habit of G. rigida. Cretan Gypsophila. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1810. PL | foot. 21 G. OCHROLEUCA (Sibth. and Smith, fl. graec. t. 385.) stems dichotomous, divaricating ; petals entire, spotted at the base ; leaves awl-shaped, the lower ones linear and flaccid. 3f. H. Native on. mount Hymettus near Athens. Flowers like those of G. Cretica, but the petals are spatulate, of a pale straw-colour, and elegantly striped and spotted with purple at the base. Cream-coloured-Qowered. Gypsophila. Fl. July. PL 1 foot. 22 G. ILLY'RICA (Sibth. and Smith, fl. graec. t. 386.) pubes- cent ; stem tufted at the base, but dichotomously fastigiate at the top ; leaves linear, 3-nerved, awl-shaped ; calyx 5-angled, bractless ; petals obovate, white, with 3 dark purple dots at the base of each. If . H. Native of Greece, Illyria, and Calabria. Saponaria Illy'rica, Lin. mant. p. 70. — Ard. spec. 2. p. 24. t. 9. — Cup. panph. 2. t. 22. Flowers fastigiate, white, each petal with 3 purple spots at the base, entire. Anthers blue. Illyrian Gypsophila. Fl. May, June. PL -| foot. 23 G. STEVE' NI (Fisch. in litt. Schrank. hort. mon. t. 32.) flowers panicled ; stem diffuse ; leaves linear-lanceolate, grassy, keeled, grey; petals broad-linear, obtuse, entire. Tf.H. Native of Iberia in stony places about Tiflis. G. repens, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 318. exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers whitish. Steven's Gypsophila. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. PL 1 to 2 ft. 24 G. GRAMINEA (Sibth. and Smith, prod. 1. p. 279.) flowers panicled ; stem almost naked ; radical leaves linear, tufted ; petals emarginate ; calyx pubescent, with roughish edges. If. . H. Native on the mountains of the Morea. Radical leaves numerous, grassy, pale-green, with scabrous margins. Flowers rose-coloured. Grassy-leaved Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. PL prostrate. CARYOPHYLLE.E. I. GYPSOPHILA. 383 25 G. ARMERIOIDES (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 353.) stems tufted, stiff; flowers dichotomously-panicled ; peduncles and calyxes beset with glandular hairs ; calyx striated, with acutish segments, which have scarious margins ; petals spatulate, almost entire ; leaves linear, bluntish, firm, length of internodes. !{. . H. Native of Troada. Habit of Dianthus Armeria. Flowers pink or white. Armeria-like Gypsophila. Fl. July. PL 1 foot. 26 G. PUBE'SCENS ; flowers panicled, small ; branches of pa- nicle trichotomous, divaricate ; stamens longer than the corolla ; calycine segments obtuse, dotted, scabrous ; leaves linear-lan- ceolate, flat, clothed with glandular hairs ; stem prostrate, also beset with glandular hairs. 3£ . H. Native of Calabria. G. Arrostii /3, pubescens, Guss. pi. rar. p. 160. Flowers small. Pubescent Gypsophila. Fl. July. PL prostrate. 27 G. TENUIFOLIA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 319. suppl. 296.) stems somewhat panicled, few-flowered ; petals emarginate, twice as long as the calyx and stamens ; leaves awl-shaped, fili- form, glabrous. I/ . H. Native about the Caucasian ports. Root twisted, very thick, and with the loaves similar to those of Plantago subulata. Petals rose-coloured, inflexed, emarginate. Fine-leaved Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PL 1 ft. 28 G. RE'PENS (Lin. amcen. 3. p. 23. spec. 581.) stems some- what panicled, few-flowered ; stamens shorter than the emar- ginate petals ; leaves linear, glabrous. I/ . H. Native of the Alps of Europe, as well as in the Pyrenees, among stones by road sides and along the borders of torrents. Lam. ill. t. 375. f. 2, Jacq. fl. aust. 5. p. 4. t. 407. Petals white, streaked with green or red. Root creeping. This plant resembles a species of Cerdstmm or Arenaria. Creeping Gypsophila. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1774. PL f ft. 29 G. PATRINII (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 353.) stems somewhat panicled, few-flowered ; segments of calyx bluntish ; petals equal in length with the stamens ; leaves very narrow, thick, three times longer than the space of the stem between the leaves. I/ . H. Native of Siberia in fields at Irtish about Oustka-Menogorik. Flowers pink. Patrin's Gypsophila. Fl. July. PL 1 foot. 30 G. DU'BIA (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 23.) petals obovate, emarginate ; stamens shorter than the campanulate corolla ; leaves linear, rather fleshy. 1£. H. Native — ? Perhaps G. repens, Lin. ex Treveranus. Flowers white. Doubtful Gypsophila. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1815. PL | foot. 31 G. PROSTRA'TA (Lin. spec. 1. p. 581.) stems diffuse, panicled ; pistils longer than the emarginate petals ; stamens shorter than the corolla; leaves linear-lanceolate, smooth. If. H. Native on the Alps of Europe ? Sims, bot. mag. t. 1281. — Pluk.alm. 22. t. 75. f. 2. Flowers white or pale rose-coloured. Like G. repens. Prostrate-stemmed. Gypsophila. Fl. July, Sep. PL prostrate. 32 G. ROKE'JEKA (Del. fl.^aegyp. 87. t. 29. f. 1.) stem erect; branches weak, panicled, dichotomous ; peduncles capillary ; petals large, painted with lines ; radical leaves ovate, oblong, upper ones linear. 0 ? 1£ ? H. Native of Egypt near Soueys. Rokejeka, Forsk. deer. 90. no. 77. Flowers white striped with violet. Capsules globose. Seeds hemispherical, black, rough. Rokejeka Gypsophila. PL 1 to 2 feet. 33 G. THESIIFOLIA (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 354.) stems numerous, somewhat panicled, few-flowered, straight ; petals almost entire, equal in length with the stamens ; leaves linear, very narrow, glabrous. If. H. Native of Siberia about the mines of Schamanaikha (Patrin.) Flowers pink. Thesium-leaved Gypsophila. Fl. July. PL ^ foot. 34 G. MURA(Lis(Lin. amcen. 3. p. 24. spec. 583.) stem dicho- tomously-panicled, much branched ; flowers axillary, solitary ; petals crenated ; leaves linear, flat, length of pedicels. $, H. Native of France, Switzerland, Germany, Sweden, and Tauria, by road sides and in corn-fields. Sibthorp gathered it on the By- thinian Olympus. Lam. ill. 375. G. serotlna, Hayne. Flowers small, pinkish. This is a small biennial upright bushy herb. Wall Gypsophila. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1739. PL f to 2 ft. 35 G. COMPRE'SSA (Desf. atl. 1. p. 343. t. 97.) stem erect, panicled, compressed ; pedicels pubescent ; flowers terminal ; calyxes elongated, striated, with acute lobes ; leaves awl-shaped, lanceolate, striated. 0. H. Native of Barbary in sandy corn- fields. Petals white, variegated on the under surface with violet-coloured veins, entire. Compressed-stemmed Gypsophila. PL 1 foot. 36 G. CERASTIOIDES (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 213.) stems erect, 4-sided, pilose ; pedicels and calyxes pilose ; flowers corymbose ; lobes of calyx lanceolate, acute, girded by a mem- branaceous fringed margin ; petals emarginate ; leaves pilose on both surfaces, as well as ciliated on the margins, radical ones spatulate on long footstalks, mucronulate, cauline ones obovate, almost sessile. l/.H. Native of Nipaul in Gosaingsthan. Flowers white. Chick-rveed-like Gypsophila. PL -j to -| foot. SECT. II. PETRORHA'GIA (probably from ircrpoe, petros, a rock, and prj-yvvm, rhegnumi, to break ; because the plants grow on rocks, which they break with their roots.) Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 354. Calyxes furnished at their base with 2 or 4 opposite scarious scales. 37 G. GLOMERA'TA (Pall. ined. taur. ex Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 321. suppl. 297.) flowers in clustered heads; stems straight, simple, herbaceous ; leaves linear, triquetrous from being keeled, rather scabrous ; stamens rather longer than the retroflexed ob- ovate petals ; bracteas of calyx scariose. If . H. Native of Tauria and Caucasus in stony places. Flowers white. Cr/o7«erafe-flowered Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PL 1 foot. 38 G. CAPITA'TA (Pall, ex Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 321.) stem suf- fruticose, much branched ; branches dichotomous, scabrous, compressed, angular ; flowers capitate ; stamens exserted ; leaves lanceolate, smooth, glaucous. Tj . F. Native of Asia Minor. G. glomerata ft, capitate, D. C. prod. 1. p. 354. Flowers white. Capitate-flowered Gypsophila. PL 1 to 2 feet. 39 G. SAXI'FRAOA (Lin. spec. 584.) stems numerous, erect, stiff; flowers panicled, terminal ; calyx girded with 4 unequal lanceolate scales; leaves linear, stiff. ©. H. Native of the south of Europe on rocky or stony places. Smith, exot. bot. 2. t. 90. Dianthus saxifraga, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 413. — Barrel, icon. t. 998. Roots fibrous. Petals rose-coloured, emarginate. Var. /3, capillacea (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 354.) leaves and stems capillary, elongated. G. filiformis, Lam. Far. y, hispidula (Ser. mss. and D. C. 1. c.) leaves and stems rather hispid. Native of Vallais. Saxifrage-like Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1774. PL | foot. 40 G. RI'GIDA (Lin. amoen. 3. p. 24.) stems numerous, mo- derately branched ; calyx girded by 4 equal ovate scale" or bracteas ; petals emarginate ; leaves linear erect. If. . H. Na- tive of rocky dry places in the south of Europe. Found on the Bithynian Olympus by Dr. Sibthorp. Root woody. Stem spreading a span long, more or less downy on the upper part. Leaves nearly pressed close to the stem, dilated and membra- nous at the base. Flowers solitary-, rarely in pairs, terminal, pale rose-coloured. Teeth of calyx mucronate. Styles short. Rigid Gypsophila. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1769. PL prostrate. 41 G. DIANTHOIDES (Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. t. 383.) leaves 384 CARYOPHYLLE^;. I. GYPSOPHILA. II. BANFFYA. III. DIANTHUS. linear, obtuse ; flowers capitate ; bracteas crowded, pointed, membranous ; petals obtuse, quite entire. I/ . H. Native of Candia. Flowers 4-6 in a head. Teeth of calyx acute. Petals white, variegated on the under surface with 3 red lines. Pink-like Gypsophila. Fl. July. PL 1 foot. 42 G. MULTICAU us (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 875.) stems numerous, straight, simple ; leaves pressed to the stem and sheathing at the base, awl- shaped, nervose ; flower terminal, solitary, sessile. •y. . H. Native of Switzerland. Perhaps a variety of G. saxifraga. Flowers pink. Many-stemmed Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. PI. ^ foot. Cult. The species of Gypsophila are for the most part orna- mental plants, and are well adapted for flower-borders or rock- work, particularly the smaller ones for the latter purpose. A chalky soil suits them best, and cuttings planted under a hand- glass root freely, but the best mode of increasing them is by seeds, which ripen in abundance. The annual species only re- quire to be sown in the flower-border or on rock-work in the beginning of April. II. BA'NFFYA (Banffy the name of some botanist known to Baumgarten.) Baumg. fl. trans, ex Spreng. neue. entd. 1. p. 300. B.C. prod. 1. p. 355. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Digynia. Calyx tubular, deeply 5-parted, permanent. Petals 5, undivided. Stamens 5 fertile, and 5 sterile. Pistils 2. Capsules 1 -celled, few-seeded. — Scarcely differing from Gypsophila, unless in the tubular calyx, and number of seeds. 1 B. PETR^A (Baumg. 1. c.) stems herbaceous, straight, tufted ; leaves linear, obtuse, keeled ; bracteas minute ; calyx coloured. I/ ? H. Native of Transylvania in the Alps of Dinaria. Gyp- sophila Transylvania, Spreng. syst. append, p. 179. Flowers white or red. Rock Banffya. Fl. June, July ? PI. | to 1 foot. Cult. This plant is well adapted for rock-work. It may be either propagated by seeds or by cuttings, which will root freely if planted under a hand-glass. III. DIA'NTHUS (from ciioe, divine, and avSoe, anthos, a flower ; in allusion to the exquisite fragrance of the blossoms of most of the species, as well as from the unrivalled neatness and brilliancy of the flowers.) Lin. gen. no. 770. D. C. prod. 1. p. 355. LIN,. SYST. Decdndria, Digynia. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, furnished at the base with 2-4-6 opposite imbricate scales. Petals 5, with long claws. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsules 1 -celled. Seeds flat, convex on one side and concave on the other, peltate. Embryo scarcely curved. Evergreen mostly glaucous herbs. The Pink, Carnation, Clove, Deptford Pink, and Sweet-Wil- liam, give a very good idea of this genus. SECT. I. ARMERIA'STRUM (Armeria is the Latin for Sweet- William, and astrum, an affixed signification, in allusion to the plants agreeing with Sweet- William in having aggregate flowers). Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 355. Flowers capitate or co- rymbose, sessile, or stalked. § 1 . Bracteas ovate, Hunt. 1 D. PRO'LIFER (Lin. spec. 587.) flowers aggregate, capitate; calyx scales ovate, awnless, higher than the tube ; leaves serru- lated. Q. H. Native throughout Europe by the margins of woods and fields. In England in gravelly places, but rare. In Selsey island, Sussex ; . meadows between Hampton Court and Teddington ; in the border of a field opposite St. Aus- tin's gates, Norwich ; in a marl pit at Landridge hill, Han- ley, Worcestershire. Smith, engl. bot. t. 956. Fl. dan. 221. Tunica prolifera, Scop. earn. no. 503. Flowers small, pale- red. Seeds ovate, flat. Heads of flowers involucrate. Far. 13, diminutus (D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 741.) flowers generally solitary. Dianthus diminutus, Lin. spec. 587. fl. graec. 394. Proliferous Pink. Fl. July, Aug. England. PI. 1 to 1^ ft. 2 D. SPINOSUS (Desf. in ann. mus. 1. p. 198. t. 16. f. 1.) shrubby, procumbent ; flowers capitate, sessile ; leaves stiff", awl-shaped, pungent. Jj. F. Native of Persia. Petals linear, of a very pale rose-colour. Habit of Drypis spinosa, and with the flowers about the same size. Calycine scales equal in length to the tube. Spinose-]eavec\ Pink. Fl. June, July. Shrub \ foot. § 2. Bracteas lanceolate, acute. Calyx striated, villous. Flowers scentless. * Herbaceous. Annual. 3 D. ARME'RIA (Lin. spec. 586.) flowers aggregate, in loose bundles; scales of calyx 2, lanceolate-awl-shaped, equal in length with the tube ; leaves lanceolate-awl-shaped, and are as well as calyx hairy ; petals beardless. Q. H. Native in pastures and about hedges on a gravelly soil in many parts of Europe. In several parts of Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 317. Curt. fl. lond. 134. fl. dan. t. 230. D. hirtus, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 533. but not of Vill. Flowers speckled wiih pink and white, only one open at a time in each tuft. Far. ft ; flowers solitary. Armeria or Deptford Pink. Fl. Jul. Aug. Brit. PI. 1 foot. 4 D. CORYMBOSUS (Sibth. and Smith, fl. grasc. t. 395.) flowers somewhat aggregate ; calycine scales 2, lanceolate, villbus, shorter than the tube ; stem branched, divaricating, many- flowered, pubescent. O- H. Native of Asia Minor. Flowers rose-coloured above and spotted, but yellowish-green below. Corymbose-fiowered Pink. Fl. July. PI. 2 feet. 5 D. ARMERIOIDES (Rafin. in Desv. journ. bot. 1814. vol. 2. p. 269.) flowers aggregate ; calycine scales longer than the calyx, striated, scabrous ; leaves linear, scabrous, shorter than the spaces of the stem between the leaves ; stem simple, upper part rough. O- H. Native of North America in meadows in New Jersey. Flowers red. Armeria-like Pink. Fl Jul. Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 foot. * * Herbaceous. Perennial. C D. PSEU'DO-ARME'RIA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 323. suppl. 297.) flowers in dense, aggregate bundles ; calycine scales ovate-awl- shaped, equal in length to the tube ; petals bearded ; leaves awl- shaped, strict, beset with scabrous pubescence. If. . H. Native of Tauria in dry stony places. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2288. D. barbatus, Pall. ined. Taur. Very like D. Armeria, but is co- vered all over with hoary down, not hairy. Flowers rose- coloured, pale beneath. Far. fl ; bracteas divaricating ; calyx short. This is a mon- strosity. False Armeria Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 ft. 7 D. DISCOLOR (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1162.) flowers aggregate ; calycine scales longer than the tube, striated, rough ; leaves green, linear, shorter than the internodes ; stem simple, branched at the top, rough. 3£. H. Native of Caucasus. Flowers pur- ple, pale beneath. Perhaps the same as the preceding. Tno-coloured-Qoweied Pink. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1803. PI. 1 foot. 8 D. CAROLINIA'NUS (Walt. fl. car. 140.) flowers aggregate, on long stalks ; calycine scales one-half snorter than the tube. 1£? H. Native of Carolina. Flowers red. Carolinian Pink. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1811. PI. | foot. § 3. Bracteas ovate or lanceolate; calyx hardly striated, glabrous. Flowers fragrant. CARYOPHYLLE^;. III. DIANTHUS. 385 * Herbaceous perennial. Flowers large, aggregate. Leaves broadish-lanceolate. 9 D. BARBA'TUS (Lin. spec. 586.) flowers aggregate, in bun- dles ; calycine scales ovate-awl-shaped, equal in length to the tube ; petals bearded ; leaves lanceolate, nerved. I/ . H. Na- tive of the South of France and Germany in gravelly or sandy places. Flowers very variable in colour, from dark purple to white or variegated or speckled, single and double. Sweet-William is a very old inhabitant of the gardens, and was very much esteemed in the time of Gerarde for its beauty, to deck up the bosoms of the beautiful, and garlands and crowns for pleasure. The varieties are endless, but as the plant has never been treated as a leading florist's flower, they have not been named or improved. A hybrid variety called the mule or Fair- child's Sweet- William is supposed to be produced from the seeds of the carnation impregnated with Sn eet- William, but we think it more likely to be the double variety of D. Poiretianus. Var. ft, latifblius (Set. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 356.) leaves ovate-lanceolate ; flowers aggregate. Var. y, paniculatus (Ser. mss. and D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate- lanceolate ; stem panicled. Far. d, pedunculbsus (Ser. mss. and D. C. 1. c.) leaves lanceo- late ; flowers stalked, loose. Var. c, dentosus (Fisch. in litt.) this plant does not appear to differ from some varieties of D. barbatus. Native of Siberia ? Bearded Pink or Sweet- William. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1573. PI. 1 foot. 10 D. LATirbLios (Willd. enum. p. 466.) flowers aggregate, racemosely-corymbose ; calycine scales ovate-lanceolate, at last exceeding the length of the calyx ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, i;. H. Native ? Sweet, fl. gard. t. 2. The habit of this plant is referable to D, barbatus, but the leaves are broader and the flowers are disposed in corymbose racemes, and double the size. Perhaps it is the var. y of D. barbatus. Flowers pink. Broad-leaved Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? PI. 1 j foot. 11 D. CARIOPHYLLOIDES (Schult. obs. 78.) flowers aggregate, in bundles ; calycine scales ovate, mucronate, short ; petals toothed, beardless ; leaves glaucous, broad, channelled, without nerves, connate and ciliated at the base. 3£." H. Native? Flowers red, sweet-scented. Clove-like Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 1^ foot. 12 D. SILENOIDES (Poir. diet. 4. p. 514.) stem? calycine scales ovate-lanceolate ; leaves somewhat aggregate, rather obo- vate, covered with glandular dots, ciliated. % . H. Native ? Flowers probably red. This plant is hardly known. Catckfly-like Pink. Fl. July. PI. 1 foot. 13 D. AGGREGA'TUS (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 124.) flowers aggre- gate, sessile ; calycine scales broad, mucronate, with membrana- ceous margins, longer than the tube ; leaves lanceolate, many- nerved. "H. . H. Native ? Perhaps only a variety of D. barbatus. Flowers purple. Aggregate-dowered Pink. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1817. PL 1 ft. • 14 D. JAPO'NICUS (Thunb. fl. jap. 183. t. 23.) flowers aggre- gate in bundles ; calycine scales lanceolate, acute, ciliated, one- half shorter than the tube ; leaves ovate, short, nerveless. 1£ . F. Native of Japan. Habit of D. barbatus var. pedunculosus, but the leaves are very short. Flowers pink or dark red. Japan Pink. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1804. PI. 1 foot. 15 D. CHINE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 588.) stem branched, flowers solitary or somewhat aggregate ; calycine scales linear-lanceolate, leafy, cuspidate, spreading, equal in length with the tube ; petals toothed, purple, or white, spotted with red ; leaves lanceolate, pale-green. $. H. Native of China. Mill. icon. 81. f. 2. Curt. bot. mag. 28. Flowers very variable in colour, but usually reddish, and are either single or double. VOL. i. — PART. v. China Pink. FI. July, Sept. Clt. 1713. PL i to 1 foot. 16 D. POIRETIA'NUS (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 360.) flowers terminal, corymbose, lower ones solitary ; calycine scales awl-shaped at apex, much shorter than the tube ; leaves oblong- lanceolate, with rough margins. 1£ . H. Native ? D. corym- bosus, fl. purpureo, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 124. but not of Sibth. and Smith. Flowers purple. There is a variety of this plant with double flowers, which is probably D. hybridus or mule pink of the gardens. See D. barbatus, no. 9. Poiret's Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PL \ to | foot. 17 D. PULCHE'LLUS (Schrad.) flowers terminal, aggregate, rarely solitary ; calycine scales ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate, equal with or longer than the tube ; lowest leaves obovately-lanceolate, upper ones lanceolate, all ciliated, particularly towards the base. 3f.H. Native? Flowers purple. Leaves green. Pretty Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1 827. PL \ to £ foot. * * Herbaceous, perennial. Flowers capitate, usually involu- crate. Leaves narrow, pungent. 18 D. PINIFOLIUS (Sibth. and Smith, fl. graec. prod. 1. p. 284.) flowers aggregate, capitate ; bracteas obcordate, awned, equal in length with the head of flowers ; calycine scales shorter than the tube ; leaves setaceous. I/ . or T? . H. Native of Thrace and about Constantinople. — Tab. icon. 668. f. 13. Very like D. junipermus of Lin. trans. 2. p. 303. Flowers pink. Pine-leaved Pink. FL July. PL 1 foot. 19 D. CEPHALOTES (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 356.) flowers almost sessile, capitate ; calycine scales imbricated, mu- cronulate at top and spreading, a little shorter than the tube ; leaves elongated, narrow ; stem angular, rather hairy. 1£ . H. Native of? D. capitatus, Poir. diet. 4. p. 124. Flowers red. Headed Pink. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1823. PL 1 to 2 feet. 20 D. CAPITA' TUS (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 1813. p. 103.) plant somewhat glaucous ; flowers aggregate, capitate ; calycine scales ovate, awned, shorter than the tube ; involucrum ovate, awned, length of the head of flowers ; leaves linear-lanceolate, nerveless ; upper ones dilated at the base. Flowers dark red. T±. H. Native in grassy places of Tauria and Caucasus. D. atrorubens, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 324. but not of Allioni. D.. Carthusianorum, Pall. Capote-flowered Pink. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1817. PL 14ft. 21 D. POLYMO'RPHUS (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 324. suppl. 298.) plant dark green ; flowers sessile, capitate ; involucrum short ; calycine scales 6, ovate, acute, not above half as long as the calyx; leaves narrow, scabrous. I/. H. Native of Tauria and Caucasus, and on the Lower Volga, abundant. D. atratus, Beaupre in litt. ? Flowers pale red. Polymorphous Pink. Fl.Ju. Oct. Clt. 1817. PL 1 foot. 22 D. DIU'TINUS (Kit. in Link. enum. 1. p. 419.) plant green ; flowers paniculately-fastigiate and solitary, stalked ; calycine scales ovate, acute, not above half the length of the calyx ; leaves narrow, scabrous. If. H. Native of Hungary. Sweet, fl. gard. icon. ined. Flowers pale red. Durable or Day Pink. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. PL 1 ft. 23 D. BALBI'SII (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 356.) plant glaucous ; flowers almost sessile, in capitate bundles ; calycine scales lanceolate, spreading a little, shorter than the tube ; leaves lanceolate-linear; stem angular. 1£. H. Native near Genoa, Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 23. D. glaucophjfllus, Horn, ex herb. Balb. Leaves lanceolate-linear, not unlike those of the carnation. Flowers red. Var. ft, paniculatus (Ser. mss. and D. C. 1. c.) flowers in pa- nicled bundles. Balbis's Pink. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1817. PL 1 to 2 feet. 24 D. GIGANTE'US (D'Urv. enum. pi. archip. p. 45.) plant green ; flowers numerous, sessile, disposed in hemispherical 3D J586 CARYOPHYLLE.E. III. DIANTHCS. heads, supported at the base by leafy bracteas ; calycine scales ovate, acuminated, pressed to the calyx, much shorter than the tube ; leaves linear, very long, connate at the base a long way ; stem round. If. H. Native on the shores of Bulgaria on rocks by the sea-side. Sweet, fl. gard. 208. Flowers of a rusty purple colour. Giant Pink. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1828. PI. 2 to 4 feet. 25 D. FERRUGI'NEUS (Lin. mant. 563.) flowers aggregate ; involucres and calycine scales scarious, brown, oblong, awned, both a little shorter than the calyx ; leaves linear, connate at the base. I/ . H. Native in the Pyrenees about Narbonne. — Barrl. icon. t. 497. Mill. diet. icon. 1. 1. 81. f. 1. Perhaps a variety of Z). Carthusianorum. Petals bifid ; segments 3-tooth- ed, rufous on the under surface and yellow on the upper surface. Ferrugineous-peta]\ed Pink. Fl.Jul. Sept. Clt. 1756. PI. 1 ft. 26 D. CARTHUSIANORUM (Lin. spec. 586.) flowers aggregate, capitate, stalked ; calycine scales 4, ovate, awned, shorter than the tube ; involucre oblong, awned, shorter than the head of flowers ; petals crenate, bearded ; leaves linear, 3-nerved. If. . H. Na- tive in uncultivated and sterile places almost throughout the whole of South Europe. Lois. prus. 37. f. 7. Smith, fl. graec. t. 392. Flowers red. Carthusians' Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1573. PL 1 foot. 27 D. ATRORU'BENS (All. ped. no. 1548. Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 467.) flowers sessile in aggregate heads ; calycine scales ovate, awned, shorter than the tube ; involucre ovate, awned, shorter than the head of flowers ; petals bearded ? leaves linear, 3-nerved. 1J. . H. Native of Vallais and Austria. Flower small, dark red. Var. ft, minus (Ser. mss. and D. C. 1. c.) almost stemless ; flowers aggregate. Native of St. Gothard. Var. y, anisopodus (Ser. mss. and D. C. 1. c.) flowers aggregate, stalked and sessile. D. atrorubens, var. prolifer, Schleich. pi. helv. Native of Vallais, also about Paris. Flowers dark red. Dark-red-nowered Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1802. PL 1 ft. 28 D. RUTHE'NICUS (Rcem. in Poir. suppl. 4. p. 131.) flowers solitary or aggregate ; calycine scales involucrate, lanceolate, acute, shorter than the tube ; leaves linear, acute. ^ . H. Native of Russia. D. patens, Horn. ? Flowers purplish. Russian Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 foot. 29 D. A'SPER (Willd. enum. p. 466.) flowers aggregate, in bundles ; calycine scales ovate-lanceolate, pointed, shorter than tube ; petals bearded, acutely toothed ; leaves linear-lanceolate, 3-5-nerved, serrulated, and are scabrous as well as stem. If. . H. Flowers red, pale beneath. Var, a, angustifolius (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 357.) few-flowered ; leaves linear, acute. Native of Vallais. D. scaber, Schleich. ex Sut. fl. helv. 1. p. 259. D. serratus ft, D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 601. Var. ft, collinus (Ser. mss. and D. C. 1. c.) many-flowered ; leaves linear-lanceolate. Native in Hungary. D. collinus, Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 36. t. 38. Sal. par. lond. t. 62. D. umbellatus, D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 104. Var. y, serratus (Ser. mss. and D. C. 1. c.) stems 1-3-flowered ; flowers larger than the preceding varieties ; leaves linear. Na- tive of the Eastern Pyrenees. D. serratus, Lapeyr. abr. 241. and D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 601. var. a. Rough Pink. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. a 1817, ft 1800. y 1817. PL f foot. * Shrubby. Flowers aggregate. 30 D. ARBOREHS (Lin. spec. 590.) stem shrubby; flowers aggregate ; claws of petals very long ; calycine scales numerous, mucronulate, closely imbricated, very short; leaves linear- glaucous. 1? . G. Native of Crete on rocks by the sea-side. Lodd. hot. cab. t. 459. Smith, fl. graec. t. 406. Flowers large, pink, palest beneath. Petals pilose at the base, and with 3 deeper coloured lines. Tree Pink. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 31 D. ARBU'SCULUS (Lind). hot. reg. t. 1086.) flowers panicled, aggregate, solitary ; leaves lanceolate, and are as well as shrubby stem glabrous ; calycine scales 4, broad-ovate, leafy, erect ; petals toothed. ^ . G. Native of China. Flowers single or double, of a rich purple crimson, inner petals spotted at the base. Little-tree Pink. Fl. Jul. Oct. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1 4 foot. 32 D. ACIPHY'LLUS (Sieb. ex sice. D. C. prod. 1. p. 358.) shrubby ; flowers panicled, few, somewhat aggregate ; bracteas obovate, very blunt, somewhat obcordate, and very acutely mu- cronate, one-half shorter than the calyx ; petals entire or 2- lobed ; leaves rather distich, linear, pungent, not striated, nu- merous, with the margins scarcely serrulated. Tj . F. Native of Crete. Flowers red 1 Pointed-leaved Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Shrub 1 foot. 33 D. JUNIPERI'NUS (Smith, in Lin. trans. 2. p. 303.) stem shrubby ; flowers aggregate, rather corymbose ; scales of calyx 4, obovate, mucronate, one-half shorter than the tube ; leaves awl-shaped, pungent. Tj . F. Native of Greece. Flowers red. Petals deeply crenate. Juniper-like Pink. Fl. July. Shrub -J- foot. 34 D. RUPI'COLA (Biv. Bern, sicul. cent. 1. p. 31.) flowers aggregate in bundles, bracteate ; calycine scales imbricate, in 3 series, short, ciliated, outer ones bristly awl-shaped, very long ; petals bearded ; leaves thickish, linear, semicylindrical, glaucous, stiff, very entire, connate at the base. I/ . F. Native in the fissures of rocks in Sicily and Calabria. Flowers rose-coloured, fragrant. D. Bisignana, Tenor, cat. giard. S. Bisig. 1809. p. 18. fl. neop. t. 39. D. involucratus, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 132. Rock-inhabiting Pink. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. 1 ft. FIG. 78. 35 D. FRUTICOSUS (Lin. spec. 591.) stem shrubby ; flowers ag- gregate ; claws of petals equal in length with the calyx ; calycine scales numerous, mucronulate,close- ly imbricate, very short ; leaves obovate, lanceolate, obtuse. Tj . F. Native of Crete. Smith, fl. graec. t. 407. Tourn. itin. 1. p. 183. t. 9. Flowers dark in the middle, rose- coloured in the circumference, and white and pilose at the base. Shrubby Pink. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1815. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 36 D. SUFFRUTICOSUS (Willd. enum. 466.) stem sufFruticose ; flowers somewhat aggregate ; caly- cine scales ovate, awl-shaped, thrice as short as the tube ; petals beardless ; leaves linear-lanceolate, and are scabrous as well as the stem. Tj . F. Native? Bracteas linear-reflexed. Nerve of the calycine scales protruding and reflexed. Corolla large, pink. Bracteas reflexed. Subshrubby Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1804. Shrub lift. SECT. II. CARYOPHY'LLUM (from Kapvov\\ov, the Greek name of the clove, in allusion to the flowers of D. caryophijllus smelling like the clove). Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 357. Flowers either panicled or solitary. * Stem few or many-florvered, panicled, scattered. Petals cre- nale or toothed. 37 D. CAMPE'STRIS (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 326.) stem branched, rather hairy ; branches 1 -flowered ; calycine scales 4, ovate, acute, one-half shorter than the calyx ; leaves awl-shaped, 3- CARYOPHYLLEJE. III. DIANTHUS. 387 nerved. %. H. Native of Tauria in sandy pastures. D. bi- color, Adams. Very like D. dsper. Flowers deep purple, about the size of those of D. deltoides. Petals villous at the throat. Field Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1815. PL | to f foot. 38 D. ALPE'STRIS (Balb. act. acad. taur. 7. p. 11. t. 1.) flowers generally in pairs ; calycine scales 4, two inner ones broad, mucronate ; petals emarginate. 7£. H. Native in alpine pastures of Europe. Perhaps a variety of D. mtidus or dsper. Flowers red. A Ip Pink. Fl. July. Clt. 1817. PL | to f foot. 39 D. NITIDUS (Walds. et Kit. pi. hung. 2. p. 209. t. 191.) flowers disposed somewhat in bundles, two together ; calycine scales ovate, awned, shorter than the tube ; petals deeply cre- nated ; stem decumbent, flexuous, scabrous ; leaves linear, lanceolate, obtuse. 1JL . H. Native of the Carpathian moun- tains at the termination of the beech trees. Flowers red. Shining Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. PL g foot. 40 D. RAMOSI'SSIMUS (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 130.) flowers soli- tary ; calycine scales 4, ovate, mucronate, shorter than the cylindrical tube ; leaves flat, narrow ; stem weak, much branched. 1£ . H. Native of Tartary. Flowers white. Much-branched Pink. Fl. July, Aug. PI. % foot. 41 D. DIFFU'SUS (Sibth. and Smith, fl. graec. t. 396.) flowers somewhat corymbose ; calycine scales 2, furrowed, mucronate, one- half shorter than the tube ; stems diffuse, ascending, smoothish. I/. H. Native of the island of Cyprus. Flowers usually twin, rose-coloured above and hairy at the base, reddish beneath and yellowish-green at the base. Var. /3, graminifolhis (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 179.) leaves narrow. I/ . H. Native of Sicily. Diffuse-stemmed Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PL | ft. 42 D. ATTENUA'TUS (Smith, in Lin. trans. 2. p. 301.) stem branched at the base ; flowers solitary ; calycine scales gene- rally 6, short, lanceolate, acuminated, with membranaceous mar- gins ; calyx long, tapering at the top ; petals crenated ; claws exceeding the calyx ; leaves awl-shaped. 11 . H. Native of the south of France by the sea-side. D. Lusitanicus, Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 173. t. 73. D. longiflorus, Lam. diet. 4. p. 522. Stems diffuse, much twisted and branched at the base ; floriferous stems divided. Flowers flesh-coloured, scentless. Topered-calyxed Pink. Fl. July. Clt. 1822. PL £ foot. 43 D. CAUCA'SICUS (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 327.) stem branched, smooth ; flowers almost sessile, solitary ; calycine scales ovate, awned, erect; shorter than the calyx; leaves awl- shaped, with scabrous margins. 1£ . H. Native of Eastern Caucasus in subalpine fields. Sims, bot. mag. 795. This plant differs from D. campestris, in the leaves being less glaucous. The petals are more deeply toothed in the figure in the botanical magazine than they are in the wild plant, and the leaves are more glau- cous. Flowers small, deep purple. Caucasian Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1803. PL \ foot. 44 D. HI'RTUS (Vill. dauph. 3. p. 593. t. 46.) flowers gene- rally solitary ; calycine scales 6, ovate, awned, much shorter than the calyx ; petals crenate, villous at the base ; leaves awl- shaped, with scabrous margins. If.. H. Native on hills in the province of Dauphiny, also in Tauria. D. scaber, Chaix. but not of Thunb. nor Schleich. D. virgineus, Habl. Perhaps only a variety of D. attemtdtus. Flowers pale-red. Stem pu- bescent, simple or a little branched at the top. Hairy Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. PL £ to 1 foot. 45 G. GUTTA'TUS (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 328. suppl. 300.) stem pa- nicled, smooth ; flowers solitary ; calycine scales 4, ovate, awned, about equal in length to the tube ; leaves awl-shaped, nervously striated, scabrous. If. H. Native in fields about Odessa, &c. Petals purple, marked with numerous white spots. potted-flowered Pink. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1816. PL \ to 1 ft. 46 D. PALLIDIFLORUS (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 358.) stem smooth, loosely panicled ; flowers solitary ; calycine scales ovate-lanceolate, awned, one-half shorter than the tube ; leaves awl-shaped, straight, with scabrous margins, y. . H. Native in grassy places on the borders of the river Volga. D. pallens, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 325. suppl. 298. but not of Sibth. Flowers pale-red, rather villous at the base. Pale-flowered Pink. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1817. PL 1 to 2 ft. 47 D. VERSICOLOR (Fisch. in Link. enum. 1. p. 420.) stem panicled, many-flowered, smooth ; calycine scales cuspidate, spreading, shorter ,than the tube ; petals from the throat pubes- cent; leaves linear, roughish. If.. H. Native of the Russian empire. Flowers red above and yellowish beneath ? Party-coloured-Rovfered. Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PL £ to 1 foot. 48 D. PUBE'SCENS (Sibth. and Smith, fl. grsec. t. 397. prod. 1. p. 286. and D'Urv. enum. 47.) stem ascending, villous, 2-5- flowered ; flowers solitary ; calyx scales ovate, awl-shaped, twice as short as the tube ; calyx striated, villous, clammy, with short teeth ; leaves linear, villous. $ . H. Native of Greece about Athens. Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 27. Flowers deep rose-coloured above, dotted and hairy at the base, but greenish-yellow beneath. Pubescent Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PL £ foot. 49 D. PRATE'NSIS (Balb. fl. taur. suppl. 300.) stem suffruti- cose, panicled ; flowers solitary ; calycine scales leafy, acumi- nated, rather pressed to the calyx, outer ones lanceolate, equal in length with the tube, inner ones shorter, ovate at the base ; petals acutely toothed, rather bearded ; leaves linear-lanceolate, lower ones bluntish, lanceolate. If. . H. Native of Tauria. D. ochroleucus, Link. enum. 1. p. 420. but not of Persoon. D. Tataricus, Fisch. in litt. Flowers pale-yellow, greenish beneath. Meadow Pink.^ Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1820. PL £ to 1 foot. 50 D. MONTA'NUS (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 328.) stem smooth, branched at the top, crowdedly dichotomous; flowers solitary, approximate ; calycine scales 6, ovate, awned, shorter than the tube, with a leafy spreading point ; leaves linear- awl-shaped, 3- nerved, hairy. If. . H. Native of Caucasus on grassy moun- tains. D. discolor, Sims, bot. mag. 1162.? Flower large, pur- ple, olive-coloured on the under surface. Petals sharply- toothed, villous in the throat. Mountain Pink. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1803. PL £ to 1 foot. 51 D. OCHROLEU'CUS (Pers. ench. 1. p. 494. but not of Link.) stems elongated, branched ; flowers solitary ; calycine scales 2, ovate-lanceolate, almost one-half shorter than the tube ; segments of calyx narrow, long ; petals obovate-linear, almost entire ; leaves short, linear-awl-shaped. 1£ . H. Native of the Levant. Flower small, pale-yellow, or whitish. Cream-coloured-flowered Pink. FL July, Aug. PL 1 foot. 52 D. CARYOPHY'ILUS (Lin. spec. 587.) stem branched ; flowers solitary ; calycine scales 4, very short, ovate, rather mu- cronate ; petals very broad, beardless ; leaves linear-awl-shaped, channelled, glaucous. % . H. Native of the south of France; in England on old ruinous walls, particularly on Rochester, Deal, Sandown, and other old castles, plentifully on walls in Norwich, and other old towns. Smith, engl. bot. t. 214. Sims, bot. mag. t. 39. Flowers from single to double, white, yellow, purple, and variegated, indeed of all colours, blue excepted. Var. ft, fibre plena ; flowers double, called Carnation, Sims, bot. mag. t. 89. Var. y, fructicosus; called Tree Carnation. Var. S, imbricatus (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1622.) branches short ; calycine scales numerous, imbricating ; called Wheat-ear Car- nation, or Clove. The flowers of the Clove Gillyfiower or Clove Pink are used in pharmacy to give a pleasant flavour and beauti- ful colour to an officinal syrup. The variety which is officinal surpasses all the others in the richness of its smell ; it is of a SD 2 388 CARYOPHYLLE^E. III. DIANTIIUS. dark blood colour, with the stigmas protruding beyond the petals. Var. c, carduinus (Ser. mss.) leaves, calyx, and petals beset with fistular prickles. D. caryophy'llus var. Tratt. in flora, 1821. p. 717. icon. The flowers of the Clove are very variable in size and colour, the double varieties of which are called Carnations, and the smaller flower of the latter are called Picolees. D. caryophyllus is considered the source whence have sprung the numerous varieties of the Carnation and the Picotee. The Carnation seems to have been unknown to the ancients, at least in its cultivated state, not being mentioned by Pliny, or sung by any of the Roman poets. It has, however, been cultivated from time immemorial in Europe, and is in the highest favour for its beauty and rich spicy odour. It is the principal florist's flower in Germany and Italy, from which countries the British florists procure their best Carnation seed, and also some esteemed varieties. The varieties amounted nearly to 400 named sorts in the beginning of the eighteenth century, and the number has not since diminished. They are arranged in three classes, flakes, bizarres, and picotees. Flakes have two colours only, and their stripes large, going quite through the leaves of the flower. Bizarres, (Fr. odd, irregular,) are variegated in irregular spots and stripes, and with no less than three colours. Picotees, (Fr. piquettee, pricked or spotted,) have a white ground, spotted or pounced with scarlet, red, purple, or other colours. Of each class there are numerous varieties, arranged under farther subdivisions, according to the predominance of the colours, as scarlet-flake, pink-flake, purple-flake, yellow-flake, &c. ; scarlet- bizarre, crimson-bizarre, &c. ; and purple-picotee, yellow-pico- tee, &c. Picotees are rather smaller flowers than Carnations, and are distinguished by the serrated margins of their petals ; the colours are principally yellow and white spotted, and the plants are considered hardier than the other sorts. Whatever colours the flowers may be possessed of, they should be per- fectly distinct, and disposed in long regular stripes, broadest at the edge of the lamina, and gradually becoming narrower as they approach the claw or base of the petal, there terminating in a fine point. Each petal should have a due proportion of white, i. e. one-half, or nearly so, which should be perfectly clear and free from spots. Bizarres, or such as only contain two colours upon a white ground, are esteemed rather preferable to flakes, which have but one, especially when their colours are remark- ably rich and very regularly distributed. Scarlet, purple, and pink, are the three colours most predominant in the Carnation, the two first are seldom to be met with in the same flower, but the two last are very frequently. New varieties are procured from seeds, and thousands of seedlings are annually blown by florists and amateurs, sometimes without one being found worth keeping. Established or approved varieties are continued by layering or cuttings, or as they are commonly called pipings. The soil in which the Carnation thrives best is a rich loam rather sandy than otherwise ; the climate should be free from extremes of every kind, for which reason they are commonly grown in pots, and protected by a frame during winter, and covered by an awning while in bloom. Carnations grow ex- ceedingly well in beds of properly prepared soil, over which frames are placed in winter, and an awning of canvas or bunting when the plants are in blossom. Propagation by layers. The time of performing this opera- tion is when the plants are in full bloom. Layering, by the wounds it inflicts, considerably impairs the bloom, and generally kills the parent plant. The practical part of the operation has nothing remarkable in it ; a sufficient quantity of hooked pegs and of compost being provided ; the pot containing the plant to be laid is placed on a table, and the layers prepared by cutting off their lower leaves, the earth is then stirred and the pot filled up with light rich mould, not of too fine a grain. The incision is made by entering a quarter of an inch below the joint, and passing the knife up through the centre of it ; the shoot is then to be pegged down, and buried not more than half an inch deep. Maddock says it is adviseable to peg down the layers when in a dry state, being then less brittle than when they are wet and succulent ; for this after the layers have been dressed, the pot should be placed half an hour in the sun, in order to render them more flaccid and pliant than they otherwise would be. When the layers have been properly rooted, which will be the case with most sorts in about three weeks after laying, provided due care be taken in keeping them regularly moist, and shading them from the heat of the meridian sun ; they are then to be cut off" from the old plant with about half of the stalk which connects them with it, and be immediately planted in small pots, three or four plants in each, placed round the sides. The pots are to be placed under an arch of hoops, where they can be covered with mats in case of excessive rains, till the severity of the winter renders it necessary to remove them into their winter repository, which is to be constructed as follows : — there should be a bed of coal-ashes formed in the place where it is to be erected, six inches thick ; or a platform of square tiles, closely fitted together, rows of bricks are to be placed in lines, 3 inches asunder, which will allow a free circulation under and between the pots placed upon them. Two rows of substantial stakes should be stuck into the ground on each side, 3 or 4 inches dis- tance from the outer pots, and have notches cut on their tops to receive the edges of the shutters. Three shutters, which will reach the whole length on one side, and three of the notched stakes will be sufficient to support the shutters, and will give room to move them backwards and forwards without any chance of slip- ping. It is necessary that a row of stakes should be placed between the two middle rows of pots to support the shutters when closed. The south side should consist of frames of glass in severe weather, so as to admit light when they cannot be opened. Hogg commences laying when the flowers are sufficiently expanded to shew which are in colour or true to their kinds, or which not; this1 he finds to be about the 21st of July, and he continues laying from that time to the 21st of August. The plants receive a good watering the day previous to layering, because they can receive it only through a fine rose of a watering pot for some time after, for the purpose of preserving the earth on the layered shoots. In performing the operation he cuts off the extreme end of the tongue below the joint, because if left on it is apt to decay and prevent the protrusion of the granu- lous matter from which the fibres issue ; under favourable cir- cumstances they will be fit to take off" in 6 or 7 weeks, and may then be planted 2 or 3 in a no. 48 pot. The pots are then to be set on tiles, slates, or boards, there to remain till the mid- dle or end of October. Hogg's Treatise, p. 56. Propagation l>y pipings. This mode of propagating Carna- tions is very precarious, as seldom so many as the half ever strike root ; nevertheless some sorts succeed better by pipings than by layers, and make healthier plants ; it requires attention to dis- cover such sorts from the rest. Pipings, however, are a very necessary resource, where the shoots are too short for laying, or where the laying shoots are broken by accident. The first thing to provide is a slight hot-bed, cover it 4 or 5 inches thick with fine light mould, laid regularly and even. The piping should have two or even three complete joints ; they are to be cut horizontally, close under the second or third joint. Some people recommend the shortening of the leaves, but this we think is rather deleterious than otherwise, both in piping and in laying. The earth of the bed where the pipings are to be planted should be moderately moistened, then take a small CARYOPHYLLE;£. III. DIANTHUS. 389 hand-glass, and make an impression on the surface, in order to know where to put in the pipings. The pipings should then be planted in neatly and regularly, but never more than half an inch deep, and about an inch distant from each other ; after this they should receive a gentle watering, in order to fix the earth more closely about them, and thereby keep out the air ; after this watering they are to remain open, but not exposed to the sun till their leaves become dry, after which the glass is to be placed over them carefully on the same mark that was made by it previously upon the surface of the soil. The bottom edge of the glass is to be pressed into the soil to prevent the admission of too much air. What further remains to be done is diligently to attend to their management with respect to sun and air. The soil ought to be kept regularly moist until they have emitted fibres. Whenever they are watered the glasses should remain off until their leaves are dry. The pipings should have a little of the morning sun, but must be shaded when the heat becomes considerable ; this may be prevented by placing mats upon a slight frame of hoops. The glasses should be occasionally taken off to admit air, dull cloudy warm weather is the best time, but if this should not occur, the glasses may be removed a little time in the morning. After the cuttings are tolerably well rooted, the glass may be taken ofF altogether, as they will be no longer necessary. But as the pipings do not all root at one time, those that strike first should be taken out and planted in pots, these may be known by the superior verdure and growth of the plants. It is necessary to know the exact plants that the pipings have been taken from, because it seldom happens that the pipings taken from run or degenerated flowers, produce any thing but run flowers, and consequently not worth preserving. The layers and pipings of the most beautifully variegated flowers will frequently produce run blossoms, but it is impossible to prevent this, especially amongst the rich high-coloured sorts, when they grow in a rich compost. Hogg begins sooner to put in pipings than putting down the layers, before the shoots get hard and woody ; he begins about the 1st of July. Plants raised from pipings are much sounder than those raised from layers, but still as layering is the surest mode he only makes pipings of such shoots as appear crowded, or too short, or too high up on the plant, to be laid easily. He plants them on a bed of dung blood wai-mth, in a compost of equal parts of maiden earth, leaf-mould, rotten horse dung, adding a portion of sand equal to a sixth of the mass, finely sifted together, that the cuttings when stuck in may enter easily and without injury. The best glasses for pipings are those made of common window glass, 8 inches square and 6 inches deep, and the less air they contain the sooner will the cuttings strike root. If the weather proves dry and hot they will require to be watered occasionally with a fine rose early in the morning over the glasses, which for one fort- night at least need not be removed if they are doing well. After this the glasses may be taken off for half an hour occa- sionally in the morning, and dried before they are put on again, and if you find any of the pipings mildewed or rotten, pull them up. At the end of 6 . weeks they will be sufficiently rooted to be transplanted into small pots or a prepared bed, over which it would be adviseable to place a frame and lights for a week or ten days, till they take fresh root. There they may remain till the middle of September. In taking them up, if you find any not rooted, but sound, and their ends hard and callous, do not let them remain upon the same spot, but remove them to another bed, with a little temporary heat, and cover them with glasses as before ; this will not fail to start them, and hasten their fibring. Propagation by seed. Carnation-seed is rather difficult to raise or ripen in this country, owing to the moisture and cold of the autumnal months. It is generally procured from Vienna, and different towns of Switzerland, and if put in vials and well corked will keep for years. To raise it in this country Mad- dock gives the following directions. Those flowers which have few petals generally produce most seed, but they should be possessed of the best properties in other respects, viz. their petals should be large, broad, substantial, and perfectly entire at the edge, and their colours rich and regularly distributed, and in due proportion throughout the whole blossom. The plants should be selected from the rest, and their pots should stand upon a stage, defended against earwigs, in an open part of the garden, in which situation they should remain during bloom, and until the seed is perfectly matured ; their blossoms should be defended against rain, by having glass paper or tin covers suspended over them in such a manner as to admit the free cir- culation of the air ; the pots should neither be kept very wet nor very dry ; nor will it be proper to cut or mutilate the plants either for their layers or for pipings, till the seed becomes ripe, because it would certainly weaken them, and consequently in- jure, if not destroy their seed. When the bloom is over, and the petals become withered and dry, they should be care- fully drawn out of the pod or calyx, being apt to retain a degree of moisture at their base, engendering a mouldiness or decay in that part, which will destroy the seed. There is another me- thod adopted successfully in ripening seed, which is, when the petals begin to decay, they are to be taken out as above, taking care to leave the two styles ; the calyx is then to be carefully shortened, and an aperture made on one side of the remainder, so that no water can possibly get between the capsule and the calyx ; but this must be performed with great care, not to in- jure the capsule. It is best to allow the open side of the calyx to incline a little down, so as to prevent moisture from enter- ing. The seeds ripen in August ; this may be known by the capsule turning brown, or the seed black, or of a dark-brown colour, but if gathered before it is perfectly ripe, the greatest part proves small, pale-coloured, and unproductive. When gathered it should remain in the capsule till the middle of May in the next year ; it is then to be sown in pots filled with the compost, and have a little fine mould sifted upon it, barely suf- ficient to cover the seed ; the pots should then be placed in an airy situation in the garden, be shaded from the heat of the sun, and kept moderately moist, but never very wet. As soon as the young plants have six leaves, and are about three inches high, they should be planted out on a bed of good rich garden mould at about 10 or 12 inches asunder, and be defended from excess of rain and severe frosts by mats on hoops, placed over the bed in the usual manner ; they will generally blow the following summer. Hogg's directions differ in nothing of importance from Maddock's. He says it often happens out of 200 blooming plants, you will not be able to get two pods of perfect seed. More seed was saved in the dry summer of 1818, than in any seven preceding years. Seedlings require two years to bloom, and the chance of getting a good new flower is reckoned as 1 to 100. If a florist raises 6 good new Carnations in his life time he is to be considered fortunate. Seed out of the same pod, he says, is reported to produce flowers of all the different varieties, flakes, bizarres, &c. Emmerton experienced that seed from a scarlet flake will produce a scarlet-bizarre and a rose or pink flake. Soil. — Hogg takes three barrows of loam, one and a half of garden mould, ten ditto of horse-dung, one ditto of coarse sand ; let these be mixed and thrown together in a heap, and turned two or three times in the winter, particularly in frosty weather, that it may be well incorporated. On a dry day towards the end of November, he takes a barrow full of fresh lime, which, as soon as it is slacked, he strews over while hot in turning the heap ; this accelerates the rotting of the fibrous particles of the loam, lightens the soil, and destroys the grub- worms and 390 CARYOPHYLLEJi. III. DIANTHUS. slugs. If there has been much rain during the winter, so that the strength of the compost is reduced, and the salt washed from it, he takes about seven pounds of damaged salt, and adds it to it, either dissolved in water or strewed over with the hand ; this he rinds to be attended with the most beneficial result upon the future health and vigour of the plants. During very heavy rains many florists cover their compost with tarpaulin or double mats, to prevent the nutritious particles from being washed out ; this is also an excellent precaution. This compost is allowed to lie at least six months before it is used. For flowers that are apt to sport in colour, and yellow picotees, he lowers the compost, and uses three barrows of sound staple loam, two ditto old rotten cow-dung, one ditto horse-dung, a half ditto sand, a half ditto lime rubbish, to be prepared and well incorporated as be- fore.— Hogg's Treatise, &c. p. 45. Maddock's compost (Florist Direct.) is as follows : — one-half rotten horse-dung, one year old, one-third fresh sound loam, one- sixth coarse sea or river sand. These ingredients are to be mixed together in autumn, laid in a heap about three feet thick, turned three or four times during winter, and in frosty weather it should be laid sufficiently thin, in order that the whole mass may be thoroughly frozen, this will be fit for use the following spring ; the earth and sand may be added to it in March, the whole should then be well mixed. Where the air is pure, experience has pointed out the propriety of using less dung and more loam, therefore the quantity of sand, loam, and dung should in this case be reversed. Pots and potting. — The select kinds are always grown in pots. Maddock uses pots 12 inches wide at the top, 6 inches at the bottom and 10 inches deep, with a hole at the bottom an inch in circumference, also three or four smaller holes round the sides at the bottom, to prevent the possibility of water lodging in the pot. Hogg uses pots rather smaller than those recom- mended by Maddock, 12 or 16 to the cast. Potting should commence about the middle of March, but it should never be deferred later than the end of the month : this is to be done in the common way of potting, but the earth should be much more raised at the edges of the pots than in the centre. It is neces- sary in the repotting the plants that they neither should be planted deeper nor shallower than they were before, within an inch of the top of the pot, this is necessary for the purpose of laying, as they will then require additional mould. Hogg con- siders the first week in April the safest and best time to pot Carnations. General culture. — When the plants are potted off for bloom, the pots should be placed in an open airy part of the garden, under an arch of hoops, that in case of cold drying winds, heavy rains or frosty nights, mats may be thrown over to preserve them from such unfavourable weather ; but in this situation they are always to remain open, except in the cases above mentioned, and to be kept regularly watered with soft water from a fine rose watering-pot. When their flower-stems are grown 8 or 1 0 inches high it will be necessary to support them with sticks, to which the stems are to be loosely tied with twisted pieces of bass-mat ; this should be carefully looked after, as the stems are extremely brittle and apt to be broken by the wind. When the stems have grown about a foot and a half high, the plants should be removed to the stages, there to remain till they flower. If any small green winged insects appear on the plants, they must be effectually extirpated, either by means of a small soft brush or feather, by the application of a strong infusion of tobacco-water, or some similar easy and safe expedient ; even Scotch snuff, dusted upon the infested parts early in the morn- ing, while the plants are wet with the dew of the night, has been sometimes tried in this case with success. The calyx of many sorts are apt to burst on one side, if not timely prevented, and totally destroy that compact graceful circular form which a perfect flower ought to possess ; but this may be entirely prevented by fastening a small, narrow slip of bladder round the middle of the calyx, where it is most swelled, and appears to have the greatest inclination to burst ; these slips should lap over at the ends and be fixed by a little gum-water. Small slips of bass-mat, tied with a single knot, will answer nearly as well. When any of the flowers open, such should be shaded both from sun and rain by means of paper covers, about 12 inches in diameter, painted white or green, and formed like an umbrella; each should have a tin tube in the centre, that will permit the stick to which the stem is tied to pass through it as far as is necessary. But when the major part are in bloom a cloth awning should be placed over the whole, and be drawn up or let down in the same manner and on the same occasions as for the bloom of hyacinths and tulips. As ear- wigs are very destructive to the flowers of Carnations, it is neces- sary to have a reservoir of water round the stages in order to pre- vent them, at all events the plants should be frequently examined. Those who are particularly curious in blowing their car- nations, carefully extract such petals as are plain or run from their true colours ; they perform this by means of an in- strument adapted to the purpose, and with the same arrange the remaining petals so as to supply the defect ; in like manner they dispose the whole with such regularity, that the flowers appear to have an equal distribution of beautiful petals ; and if the blossoms consist of too many petals, they extract the smaller ones, and thereby afford the others more room to expand. Four or five plants in a pot have always a more elegant appearance than one or two, and seldom more than four or five blossoms should be allowed to expand on the same plant ; the smaller buds should be picked off. Carnations are to be treated in winter much like auriculas ; they are seldom injured by a moderate dry frost, though it is safer to defend them from too much of it ; but it is necessary to caution against covering up too close when the plants are wet, as they are apt in that state to contract a destructive mil- dew, if they have not the benefit of a free circulation of air ; this mildew makes its first appearance in purple spots on the foliage, which can only be cured or prevented from spreading amongst the adjacent plants by cutting of the infected parts, or removing the plants so diseased. It is necessary to defend the plants from excessive rain in winter and autumn, for it is safer at this season to keep them rather too dry than too moist, but a moderate degree of moisture is always to be preferred, ex- cept when the weather is severely frosty. As too long a de- privation from light is at all times prejudicial to plants, whenever the winter repository is required to be closely covered up with mats for several days and nights, no opportunity should be lost during the middle of the day, if the sun shines, to take off the mats in front of the glasses. When the pots become green with moss on the top, or too compact, it will be proper to stir it up carefully about half an inch deep, and sprinkle a little coarse dry sand upon it, this will be of great service to the plants and may be repeated as often as necessary. In spring, before the potting commences, the pots will probably require to be frequently watered. Hogg gives a top dressing to his bloom- ing plants about the middle of June, with about half an inch of rotten horse-dung, passed through a sieve, which he finds mate- rially to assist the plants, and promote the growth of the shoots for layers. He waters freely while the flower-buds are swelling, and during the whole time they are in blossom. As soon as the side shoots appear, a paper, collar is put round the bottom of the blossom to support it. These collars are made of white card paper, of the form of a circle, 3 or 4 inches in diameter, CARYOPHYLLE^l. III. DIANTHUS. 391 with a hole in the centre just large enough to admit the calyx without much compressing, and with a cut extending from the centre to the outside. On these cards the flower is preserved in shape and form a long time, on these the petals are also finely disposed, and the beauty of the Carnation displayed to great advantage. When placed on the stage they should have the benefit of the morning sun till about 9 o'clock, according to the intense heat of its rays ; the same in the evening, with as much open expo- sure to the air at all times, as may be allowed without injury to the bloom. In winter Hogg preserves them in frames, in the same manner as he recommends for auriculas. When he has more plants than he can blow in pots, he plants them in beds of the same compost used for the others, protecting them from severe frosts and heavy rains, and in other respects treating them in the same manner as if in pots. — Hogg's Treatise. Criterion of a Jine double Carnation. — The stem should be strong, tall, and straight ; not less than 30 inches or more than 45 inches high ; the footstalks supporting the flowers should be strong, elastic, and of a proportionate length. The flower should be at least 3 inches in diameter, consisting of a great number of large, well-formed petals, but neither so many as to give it too full and crowded an appearance, nor so few as to make it appear thin and empty. The petals should be long, broad, and substantial, particularly those of the lower or outer circle, commonly called the guard leaves, these should rise per- pendicular about half an inch above the calyx, and then turn off gracefully in an horizontal direction, supporting the interior petals, and altogether forming a convex and nearly hemisphe- rical corolla. The interior petals should rather decrease in size as they approach the centre of the flower, which should be well filled with them. The petals should be regularly disposed alike on every side, imbricating each other in such a manner as that both their respective and united beauties may captivate the eye at the same instant ; they should be nearly flat, however, a small degree of concavity or inflection at the broad end is allowable, but their edges should be perfectly entire, that is to say, free from fringe or indenture. The calyx should be at least one inch in length, terminating in broad points sufficiently strong to hold the narrow bases of the petals, in a close and circular body. Whatever colours the flowers may be possessed of, they should be perfectly distinct, and disposed in long, regular stripes, broadest at the edge of the lamina, and gradually becoming narrower as they approach the unguis or base of the petal, there terminating in a fine point. Each petal should have a due proportion of white ; i. e. one half or nearly so, which should be perfectly clear and free from spots. Clove Pink, Carnation, and Picotee. Fl. June, Aug. England. PI. 1 to 3 feet. 53 D. SYLVE'STRIS (Jacq. coll. 1. p. 237. icon. rar. t. 82.) stem branched or simple ; flowers solitary ; calycine scales 4, very short, ovate, outer ones acute, inner ones bluntish ; petals very broad, beardless, toothed ; leaves crowded, awl- shaped, stifF. If. . H. Native on the Alps of Jura on rocks and among stones. D. virgmeus, Sims. bot. mag. t. 1740. but not of Lin. Perhaps this plant is the type of D. caryophyllus. Stem bearing one or many flowers. Flowers deep red, scent- less. Wild Pink. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1732. PI. \ to 1 foot. 54 D. LONGICAU'LIS (Tenore, cat. 1819. p. 76.) stem panicled, many-flowered, tufted ; flowers solitary ; calycine scales ovate, all emarginate, cuspidate ; leaves linear-lanceolate, thickish, glaucous. If.. H. Native near Naples. Flowers red? Long- stemmed Pink. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 55 D. GRANDIFLORUS (Poir. diet. 4. p. 514.) stem? flowers somewhat aggregate ; bracteas ovate, acute, one-half shorter than the tube. Tf.H. Native of Spain. Flowers red ? This plant ought perhaps to be placed near D. corymbosus. Great-flowered Pink. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 1 foot. 56 MONADE'LPHUS (Vent. hort. eels. t. 39.) glaucous ; stem panicled ; flowers solitary ; calycine scales 4, lanceolate, rather pungent, spreading, shorter than the tube. I/ . H. Native of the Levant. D. procumbens, Pers. ench. 1 . p. 494. Calyx tapering. Ovary stipitate. Petals white, under surface cine- reous, with purple margins. Filaments united at the base. Monadelphous Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. PL 1 ft. 57 D. BURCHB'HII (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 359.) stem branched ; flowers solitary ; calycine scales 4, ovate-lan- ceolate, very short, somewhat mucronate ; petals deeply serrated ? leaves linear, awl-shaped, striated ; lower ones very numerous and very long, those of the stems and branches are very short, and scale-formed. "}/. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burch. cat. pi. afr. aust. no. 2456. Flowers white. Burchell's Pink. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 58 D. EMARGINA'TUS (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 359.) stems tufted ? 1 or 2-flowered ; calycine scales very blunt and very broad ; calyx short, striated, with bluntish lobes ; petals emarginate, small, inside white, outside purple ; lower leaves numerous, linear, flat, serrated. If. H. Native about Asty- palea. Emarginate-ipeta\le& Pink. Fl. July, Aug. PL § to |- foot. 53 D. LIBOSCHITZIA'NUS (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 360.) stem generally 1-2-flowered, glabrous ; calycine scales 4, ovate, acuminate, a little shorter than the tube ; leaves straight, awl-shaped, with scabrous margins. I/ . H. Native on rocks in Armenia and Iberia. D. petraeus, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 328. suppl. p. 300. but not of Waldst. and Kit. D. bracteatus, herb. Willd. ex Steven. There is a variety having the calycine scales almost one-half shorter than the tube. Flowers rose-coloured, beardless, about the size of the clove. Liboschitz's Pink. FL June, July. Clt. 1817, PL i foot. 60 D. SYLVA'TICUS (Hoppe, in Willd. enum. 467.) stem pa- nicled ? flowers solitary or somewhat corymbose ; calycine scales ovate-lanceolate, shorter than the tube ; leaves linear-lanceolate, obsoletely 3-nerved, glabrous ; petals doubly toothed. Tf.H. Native at Ratisbon. Flowers red? Wood Pink. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1815. PL 1 foot. 61 D. CINNAMOMEUS (Sibth. and Smith, fl. graec. t. 400. prod. 1. p. 287.) stem panicled or simple, branches 1 -flowered ; calycine scales 4, rhomboid, very blunt and very short ; petals emarginate, toothed ; leaves lax, bluntish. If. . H. Native on heaths in Laconia, Asia Minor, Cyprus, and about Constanti- nople. Petals beardless, white or flesh-coloured above, but of a red or dark cinnamon colour beneath. Cinnamon- coloured Pink. Fl. June, Aug. PL 1 foot. 62 D. POMERIDIA'NUS (Lin. spec. 1673.) stem branched ; flowers solitary ; calycine scales ovate, acute, very short ; petals emarginate or entire. If. H. Native of Palestine, Smith, in Lin. soc. trans. 2. p. 300. Sal. par. lond. 57. D. tricolor, Adam. Fisch. Petals pale yellow, with revolute sides, lead-coloured on the under surface. The flowers of this plant, as well as the following, opens at mid-day and closes about 10 at night. jjfterncon-fiowering Pink. FL June, Aug. Clt. 1804. PL 1 foot. 63 D. LEPTOPE'TALUS (Willd. enum. 468.) stem branched ; flowers solitary ; calycine scales 4, ovate, acute, very short, a little awned, 2 outer ones very small ; petals lanceolate, narrow, with entire revolute sides, sometimes a little 3-toothed ; leaves awl-shaped, roughish. If.H. Native1 of Caucasus. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1739. D. pomeridianus, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p.. 329. but not of Lin. D. cretaceus, Adam. Petals white on the upper sur- 392 CARYOPHYLLEyE. III. DIANTHUS. face, but lead-coloured on the under surface, sometimes entire and acutish. Perhaps a variety of D. pomeridianus. Slender-petalled Pink. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1814. PI. 1 ft. 64 D. PU'NGENS (Lin. mant. p. 240.) stem few-flowered ; flowers solitary ; calycine scales very short, mucronate, spread- ing ; tube of calyx gibbous ; petals entire ; leaves tufted, awl- shaped. If. . H. Native of Spain by the sea-coast. Flowers pink or white. Var. ft, Hispanicus (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 360.) calycine scales ovate ; petals linear, very entire. Asso, syn. no. 371. t. 3. Dufour, ann. gen. 7. p. 309. Flowers pink. Pungent-leaved Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1781. PL J to 1 foot. 65 D. DIVAKICA'TUS (D'Urv. enum. pi. archip. p. 46.) stem branched, divaricating; branches very long, straight, 1 -flowered; calycine scales 4, ovate-lanceolate, very acute, with membra- naceous margins, almost equalling in length the calyx ; calyx coni- cal, striated, with the stripes granularly-dotted ; petals acutely- toothed ; leaves very narrow, flaccid. $ . H. Native of the island of Same. Flowers pale purple, but green on the out- side. Z)z»arica/e-branched Pink. Fl. July, August. Clt. 1822. PI. |. to 1 foot. 66 D. BI'COLOR (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 329.) stem panicled, flowers solitary ; calycine scales 4, very short, almost orbicular, mucronulated ; petals dilated ; leaves awl-shaped, lower ones tomentose. If. . H. Native of Tauria in arid fields. D. sax- atilis, Pall. ined. taur. Stature and size of flowers like those of D. caryophyllus Petals white above and lead-coloured beneath. Calycine scales truncate, mucronate. Var. fl, minor (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 361.) leaves shorter ; flowers smaller ; calyx shorter and more turgid at the base. 1£ . H. Native of the south of Tauria in stony places. Tjvo-coloured-fiovfered Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 67 D. INTE'OER (Vis. in bot. Zeit. 1828.) smooth; stem prostrate, diffuse; branches ascending, 1 -flowered; leaves linear, flat, with scabrous margins ; calycine scales 4, broad-ovate, un- equally awned; petals obovate, entire, beardless, short. Tj.. H. Native of Dalmatia. Flowers small, white. Calyx dark-purple ; stems decumbent, and nearly creeping. .Eniire-petalled Pink. Fl. July. PI. decumbent. 68 D. RACEMOSUS (Vis. 1. c.) smooth, root woody; stem erect, simple ; leaves linear, stiff, acute, channelled with sca- brous margins ; flowers solitary or in fascicles, loosely race- mose, secund, lower ones stalked, upper ones sessile ; ca- lycine scales in a triple series, imbricate, lanceolate, acuminated, nerved, with scarious margins ; petals obovate, beardless, en- tire. "%.. H. Native of Dalmatia. Flowers rose-coloured, hardly sweet-scented. .Racemose-flowered Pink. Fl. July, Aug. PL 1 foot. 69 D. FURCAVTUS (Balb. act. acad. taur. 7. p. 12. f. 2. but not of Horn.) stem smooth, dichotomously-branched, 2-4-flowered ; flowers solitary ; peduncles distant from each other ; calycine scales opposite, generally twin, much shorter than the tube. If. . H. Native of Piedmont near Tenda. D. geminiflorus, Lois. fl. gall. p. 725 ? Flowers flesh-coloured. Forked-stemmed Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PL i to 1 foot. 70 D. VIRGINEUS (Lin. spec. 590.) stem generally 1 or few- flowered ; calycine scales very short and very blunt, twin, distant ; petals crenated ; leaves tufted, linear, stiff, serrulated. • 7/ . H. Native about Montpelier. D. rupestris, Lin. fil. suppL p. 240. D. pungens, Poir. diet. 4. p. 526. — Dill, elth. 401. p. 298. t. 385 ? Flowers red or blood-coloured. Var. |3, subacaulis (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 361.) stems tufted, very short, 1 -flowered; leaves and calycine scales short. I/. H. Native of Mount Ventoso on rocks. D. subacaulis, Vill. delph. 3. p. 597. Lois, not p. 66. t. 6. f. 1. Virgin Pink. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. | to 1 foot. 71 D. CILIA'TUS (Guss. pi. rar. p. 168. t. 33.) stem erect, a little branched at the top ; leaves nerveless, with ciliately-serru- lated margins ; flowers solitary ; peduncles bifid ; calycine scales 6, pressed, acuminately-awned, about one half shorter than the calyx ; petals smooth, obovate, entire, or obsoletely-toothed. If. H. Native on arid chalky hills at the bottoms of the moun- tains in South Abruzzo. Plant hardly glaucous. Stem rather pubescent. Flowers of a reddish-blue colour. This plant comes near to D. Hornemanni, D. C. but differs from it in the leaves being nerveless, and in the petals being entire or obsoletely toothed, not deeply toothed. Ciliated-leaved Pink. Fl. June, July. PL 1 to 2 feet. 72 D. DELTOIDES (Lin. spec. 588.) stems ascending, branched; flowers solitary ; calycine scales ovate-lanceolate, acute, 4, but generally twin ; upper leaves narrow, acute, pubescent; lower ones oblong, obtuse. If. H. Native on sandy banks and in woods in many parts of Europe. In Britain in pastures and the grassy borders of fields on a gravelly or sandy soil and on banks. Smith, engl. bot. 61. D. supinus. Lain. fl. fr. 2. p. 534. D. pyre- naicus, Pourr. act. toul. 3. p. 318. D. volgensis, hort. erf. ex. herb. Balb. D. hyssopifolius, Hort.— Dill. elth. 400. t. 298. f. 384. Flowers rose-coloured, with a dark circle. Var. /3, glaucus (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 361.) flowery white with a dark circle ; leaves and stems rather glaucous. D. glaucus, Lin. spec. 588. Native of King's Park, Edinburgh. Deltoid-leaved or Maiden Pink. Fl. July, Oct. Britain. PL i to f foot. 73 D. PA'LLENS (Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. t. 399.) stem pa- nicled, many-flowered; branches 1-2-flowered at the apex and rising from the axils of the leaves ; calycine scales 4, ovate, acu- minated, very short ; leaves lax, acute. If. . H. Native "of Asia Minor near Smyrna. Petals beardless, bifid, white above but brownish-green beneath. Pafe-flowered Pink. Fl. June, Aug. PL 1 foot. 74 D. NASARJE'US (Clark, itin. vol. 3. ex Spreng. neue. entd. 3. p. 161.) flowers solitary ; stems somewhat branched ; calycine scales one-half shorter than the tube, ovate, acute, pressed to the calyx ; petals 6-toothed ; leaves elongated, linear, awl- shaped, 3-nerved, with scabrous margins. If.. H. Native of Palestine. Nazare Pink. FL July, Aug. PL 1 foot. 75 D. MARGINA'TUS (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 131.) stem branched ; flowers solitary ; calycine scales acute, unequal, shorter than calyx ; leaves linear, marginated. If. . H. Native on Mount Jura. Very near D. nitidus. Scales of calyx marginated. Flowers white. Marginated-leaved Pink. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1820. PL | to » ft. 76 D. CRENA'TUS (Thunb. prod. 81.) stem branched ; flowers solitary ; calycine scales 6, lanceolate, cuspidate, pressed to the calyx ; petals glabrous, obovate, fringed ; claws of petals longer than calyx ; leaves linear-acuminated, channelled. If . G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Ker. bot. reg. 256. Flowers white. Calyx long-tubular. CVenafed-petalled Pink. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1817. PL 1 to 3 ft. 77 D. STERNBE'ROII (Sibth. ex cat. hort. taur. 1821. p. 24.) stems generally 2-flowered ; calycine scales 4, ovate, acute, pressed, one-half shorter than the tube ; petals wedge-shaped, serrated, pubescent ; leaves linear. If . H. Flowers red. Sternberg's Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PL 1 foot. 78 D. BIFLORUS (Smith, fl. grsec. t. 393.) flowers in pairs ; calycine scales 4, cuneated, very obtuse, awned, spreading, shorter than the calyx; leaves linear, 3-nerved. If. H. Native on CARYOPHYLLE/E. III. DIANTHUS. 393 Mount Delphi Eubcea. Flowers rose-coloured above and rather hairy, but smooth and cream-coloured beneath. Tmo-Jlowered Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PL £ foot. 79 D. IBE'RICUS (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 24.) stem smooth ; leaves roughish ; calycine scales spreading, with lanceolate points ; petals pubescent. If. . H. Native of Iberia. D. Willden6vii, Link. enum. 1. p. 420. Stem few-flowered. Brae- teas spreading, a little shorter than the calyx. Flowers purple. Iberian Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 181.7. PI. £ foot. 80 D. TRIPUNCTA'TUS (Sibth. and Smith, fl. grsec. t. 398. prod. 1. p. 286.) stem spreading, many-flowered ; flowers soli- tary ; calycine scales scarious, finely awned, a little shorter than the tube. i], morphe, form ; form of calyx.) Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 371. Caulescent. Calyx cone-shaped, much swelled out at the bottom, with very long teeth. 45 S. CO'NICA (Lin. spec. 598.) pubescent; stem simple, dichotomous ; leaves linear, soft ; flowers solitary or panicled ; calyx conical, with 30 stripes ; petals deeply emarginate, with acute emarginate appendages ; capsule ovate. Q. H. Native of sandy corn-fields in France, Spain, and the Levant. In England a little to the north of Sandown Castle plentifully ; opposite the Warren house at New Romney, Kent. Smith, engl. bot. t. 922. Jacq. aust. 253.' S. conoidea, Huds. 189. Petals red. There is a flower always in the fork of the stem. Var. /3, rambsa ; stem much branched ; leaves more downy ; calyx not so much inflated. 0- H. Native of Candia. S. conica, Smith, fl. grsec. t. 422. Flowers pale-red. This is probably a distinct species. It is a weed in Chelsea garden under the name of S. conoidea. Com'caJ-calyxed Catchfly. Fl. July, Aug. England. PL ^ to 1 feet. 46 S. CONOI'DEA (Lin. spec. 598.) stems pubescent ; leaves lanceolate-linear, almost glabrous ; flowers solitary or panicled ; calyxes long, conical, with 30 stripes ; petals entire, obovate, crested ; capsules bottle-formed. O • H. Native of sandy corn- fields in France, Germany, &c. — Clus. hist. 1. p. 288. f. 2. — Mor. hist. 2. p. 542. sect. 5. t. 36. f. 6. Petals red. This is perhaps a variety of the last. Conoirf-calyxed Catchfly. FL June, July. Clt. 1683. PL 1 ft. 47 S. CONIFLOHA (Nees. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 371.) stems pubescent ; leaves long, grassy, acute, hardly pubescent ; flowers panicled ; calyxes cylindrically-conical, with 30 stripes ; petals obcordate. O- H. Native of the Levant. Petals red. This is probably the S. conica, Smith, fl. graac. t. 422. Cone-flowered Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PL f to 1 foot. 3F 402 CARYOPHYLLEjE. VI. SILENE. 48 S. CYLINDRIFLORA (Otth. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 371.) pubescent ; steins branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers few, panicled ; calyxes cylindrically-conical, with 30 stripes ; claws of petals exceeding the calyx; petals bifid. O- H. Native of the Levant. Flowers red. Cylindrical-flowered Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 foot. . 49 S. UNDULA'TA (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 96.) pubescent; leaves lanceolate, undulated, lower ones stalked ; flowers large, in lax dichotomous panicles ; calyxes very long, cylindrically-conical, with 10 stripes. $ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Claws of petals very long. Flowers red. Waved-leaved Catchfly. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1775. PI. \\ foot. SECT. V. STACHYMO'RPHA (from trra-xyt, stachys, a spike, and floppy, morphe, form ; in allusion to the flowers being disposed in something like spikes in the axils of the leaves.) Otth. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 370. Caulescent. Flowers spiked, axillary, not opposite, usually on short pedicels. Calyxes with 10 stripes. The plants of this section are to be known by their flowers being disposed in spikes or racemes, and by their alternate pedicels being always axillary. § 1. Calyxes cylindrical when in flower. 50 S. A'NGLICA (Lin. spec. 594.) hairy and viscid ; stems branched ; leaves lanceolate, acute ; calyx 5-striped, cylindrical, with very long acute teeth ; petals obcordate, small, with erect cloven pyramidal appendages. Q. H. Native of France in cultivated fields on a gravelly or sandy soil. In Britain about Combe in Surry ; in Cambridgeshire ; between Dundee and St. Andrews, and near Perth ; in Hertfordshire; at Lakenham and Costesy near Norwich. Smith, engl. hot. 1178. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 4. t. 30. Petals white, occasionally marked with a red spot of each. English Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. £ to 1 foot. 51 S. LUSITA'NICA (Lin. spec. 594.) hairy; stems much branched ; lower leaves obovate-spatulate, upper ones lanceo- late, obtuse ; spike distich ; calyx rather ventricose, cylindrical, with long teeth ; petals crenate, not bifid, with a triangular bor- der. 0. H. Native of Spain and Sardinia. S. Sardoa, Mor. sard, elench. ex Spreng. — Dill. elth. t. 311. f. 401. Petals flesh- coloured. Portugal Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1732. PI. | foot. 52 S. TRIDENTA'TA (Desf. all. 1 . p. 349.) stems branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; spikes secund ; calyx sub-cylindrical, with 10 ribs, teeth very long; petals 3-toothed. O- H. Native of Algiers and Spain in corn-fields. Petals rose-coloured. Three-toothed-petalled Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. | to £ foot. 53 S. GA'LLICA (Lin. spec. 595.) hairy and viscid ; stems branched ; lower leaves spatulate, upper ones lanceolate, obtuse ; spike secund ; calyx rather ventricosely cylindrical, with short acute teeth; petals obovate, entire, crowned. O- H- Native of France ; also of Chili and Buenos Ayres. — Vaill. par. t. 1 6. t. 12.— Dill. elth. 419. t. 310. f. 399. Petals flesh-coloured, with darker streaks. The S. A'nglica, S. Lusitdnica, Lin. S. cerastoides, Haenke, not Tenore, and S. micropetala of D. C. are perhaps only slight variations of S. Gallica, Lin. French Catchfly. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1683. PI. | to 1| ft. 54 S. COARCTA'TA (Lag. gen. et spec. 15.) hairy ; lower leaves lanceolate, stalked, upper ones lanceolate-linear ; flowers almost sessile ; calyx hairy, fruit-bearing ones ovate, compressed at the mouth; petals bifid. O- H. Native of Spain in the provinces of Valencia and Murcia. Flowers rose-coloured or white. Compressed-calyned Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825. PI. | to 1 foot. 55 S. OCYMOI'DES (Desf. cat. hort. par. 184.) hairy ; stems branched ; leaves spatulate ; spike secund, few-flowered ; calyx cylindrical, rather ventricose, very hairy, with long teeth ; petals obovate, hardly crenate, with 2 longer appendages. ©• H. Native ? S. pedicellata, Poir. suppl. 5. p. 150. Petals purple, with pale edges. Basil-like Catchfly. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. PI. | to 1 ft. 56 S. DI'STICHA (Willd. enum. p. 476.) hairy ; stem much branched ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute ; spikes twin, dense, with a solitary flower in the fork ; calyx cylindrical ; petals small, bifid. Q. H- Native of Minorca. S. microphylla, Rcem. inSchrank. pi. rar. t. 39. Annal. mus. 14. t. 12. Petals rose-coloured. Distich-spiked Catchfly. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1817. PI. 2 feet. 57 S. CEKASTIOI'DES (Lin. spec. 596.) stems branched, villous; branches dichotomous ; leaves pubescent, lower ones rather spa- tulate, upper ones linear-lanceolate, hardly stalked ; spike few- flowered ; calyxes ovate-globose, rather ventricose, very hairy ; petals emarginate, with the appendages 4-toothed. O- H. Native of the south of Europe and north of Africa. Smith, fl. grasc. 412. S. rigidula, Lin. amcen. 4. p. 313. S. matutina, Presl. ex Spreng.— Dill. elth. 416. t. 309. f. 307. Flowers rose-coloured. Chickneed-like Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1732. PI. -J- to 1 foot. 58 S. QUIHQUEVU'LNERA (Lin. spec. 595.) pubescent, viscid ; stems branched ; leaves lanceolate, lower ones obtuse ; spike secund ; calyx very villous, with short teeth ; petals roundish, entire, with bicuspidate appendages. Q . H. Native of Spain, France, Italy, Siberia, Carniola, &c. In England in sandy corn- fields near Wrotham, Kent. Smith, engl. bot. t. 86. Cucubalus variegatus, Lam. fl. fr. 8. p. 28. Petals deep crimson in the middle, with pale borders. The specific name alludes to the 5 dark crimson spots, one in the centre of each petal. Five-wounded Catchfly. Fl. June, July. England. PL 1 ft. 59 S. SCIO'TICA (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 372.) hairy; stem erect, simple ; leaves shining, acuminated, radical ones broad, spatulate, upper ones lanceolate, acute ; flowers spiked in two rows, crowded ; calyx bladdery, cylindrical ; petals obcor- date. O- H. Native of the island of Scio. S, Chia, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 409. Petals crimson, with a white margin. Scio Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 60 S. NOCTU'RNA (Lin. spec. 595.) stem simple, branched, hairy ; leaves scabrous, on ciliated petioles, lower ones spatu- late, upper ones lanceolate ; spikes secund, loose ; flowers pressed to the stem ; calyxes obovate or rather clavate, scabrous; petals deeply 2-parted, narrow. f. Q. H. Native of Spain, France, Greece, &c. Smith, fl. grace. 408. — Dill. elth. 420. t. 310. f. 400. Barrel, icon. t. 27. f. 1. S. spicata, D. C. fl. fr. p. 759. Petals rose-coloured, but lead-coloured beneath, minutely crowned. Capsule ovate, standing on a short stipe. f^ar. ft, pauciflbra (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 372.) flowers few, distant ; petals smaller than in var. a. Cucubalus reflexus, Lin. spec. 594. S. mutabilis, Lin. spec. 596. Flowers small, white, greenish externally. JV^-flowering Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1683. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 61 S. GR*:FFEVRI (Guss. pi. rar. p. 170. t. 34.) root creeping; stem erect, simple, few-flowered ; leaves lanceolate, ciliated, hairy; flowers in secund racemes; calyx 10 striped, rather scariose, tubular, at length clavate ; petals 2-parted, crowned by 2-parted truncate scales in the throat. 7£. H. Native of Abruzzo in the higher pastures. S. ciliata, Moretti, pi. ital. 6. p. 4. Flowers white above, but greenish beneath. Grower's Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. PI. | to 1| foot. 62 S. CINE' REA (Desf. atl. 1. p. 355.) silky-hoary; stem CARYOPHYLLE.E. VI. SILENE. 403 branched ; lower leaves ovate ; flowers almost sessile, solitary twin or tern ; calyx cylindrical ; petals narrow, bifid. O- H. Native of Algiers in corn-fields. Petals white. Grey Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PL £ to 1 foot. 63 S. BRACHYPE'TALA (Rob. et Cast. mem. ined. in D. C. fl. fr. suppl. 607.) stem simple ; leaves obovate-spatulate, obtuse, hairy, ciliated at the base ; flowers secund, erect ; calyx some- what cylindrical, hairy, with very long teeth ; petals small, bifid. O- H. Native about Marseilles. Petals white or reddish. Short-petalled Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PL | to 1 ft. 64 S. CRYPTA'NTHA (Viv. fl. lyb. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 406.) stem humble, branched ; leaves obovate, acutish, connate, hairy ; flowers axillary, sub-sessile ; calyx cylindrical. O- H. Native about Tripoli. Perhaps belonging to this section. Hidden-flonered Catchfly. PL ^ to 1 foot. 65 S. HIRSUTI'SSIMA (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p.. 372.) plant beset with long white hairs ; stem branched ; leaves linear- lanceolate ; bracteas long ; flowers secund, erect ; calyx cylin- drical; anthophorum short. O- H. Native of Spain. S. hirsuta, Lag. varied, de cienc. 1805. p. 212. Petals reddish. Very-hairy Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. PL 1 foot. 66 S. MICROPE'TALA (D. C. cat. monsp. 146. but not of Lag.) hairy ; stem much branched, leafy ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers terminal, or in the forks of the stem ; calyx cylindrical ; petals bifid ; anthophorum short. (•)• H. Native? Petals red. Small-petalled Catchfly. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1821. PL | to | ft. 67 S. MICRA'NTHA (Link, in Cav. herb. D. C. prod, 1. p. 372.) hairy ; flowers sessile, secund ; calyx cylindrical, appres- sed ; petals small, profoundly emarginate. O- H. Native of Portugal. S. micropetala, Lag, gen. et spec. 15, but not of D. C. Petals red ? Small-flowered Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PL | to -| foot. 68 S. INCLU'SA (Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 413.) hairy ; flowers stalked or sessile ; calyx pilose ; common peduncle flexuous ; fruit erect ; petals emarginate. O- H. Native of Europe. This plant does not appear to us to differ from S. micropetala, D. C. The flowers are probably reddish. Inclosed Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PL | to | foot. 69 S. ARTICULA'TA (Viv. fl. lyb. icon, ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 409.) stem erect, knotted ; leaves oblong, rather hairy, ciliated ; racemes few-flowered ; calyx striped, hispid ; petals bifid, ex- ceeding the cylindrical calyx. Q. H. Native of the north of Africa in the Great Syrtis. Flowers red? Jointed- stemmed Catchfly. PL 1 foot. 70 S. LIGULA'TA (Viv. fl. lib. icon, ex Spreng. 1. c.) stem erect, rather hairy ; leaves linear, ciliated ; racemes few-flowered ; flowers stalked, hispid ; petals 2-parted, obtuse, crowned by spatulate scales. O- H. Native of Tripoli. Ligulate-crested Catchfly. PL -J to 1 foot. 71 S. CANARIE'NSIS (Spreng. neue. endt. t. 3. p. 60.) stem a little branched, leafy, hairy; leaves large, ovate-lanceolate, ciliated ; flowers secund, rather drooping ; calyx long, cylin- drical, hairy. Q. H. Native of the Canary Islands. Petals red, with deeper veins. Canary Island Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PL 1 to If foot. 72 S. SETA'CEA (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 372.) stems numerous, diffuse, usually simple ; leaves obovate, obtuse, very closely beset with bristly hairs ; flowers lax, secund ; calyx cylindrical, hairy ; petals bifid, narrow, with their claws exceed- ing the calyx. O- H. Native of the island of Melos, and the north of Africa. Petals red. J5m%-haired Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PL ^ to 1 foot. § 2. Calyxes club-shaped when in flower. 73 S. VILLO'SA (Forsk. descr. pi. cent. 3. p. 88.) clammy- pubescent ; stems numerous, procumbent, leafy ; leaves oblong, obtuse ; flowers lax, secund ; peduncles deflexed after flowering ; calyx cylindrically-clavated ; petals bifid, with very long claws. % ? F. Native of Egypt near the pyramids about Gizah. Petals violaceous. Villous Catchfly. PL procumbent. 74 S. HI'SPIDA (Desf. atl. 1. p. 348. but not of Gardener's.) plant beset with long white hairs ; stems much branched ; leaves broad-lanceolate, bluntish, ciliated ; bracteas short ; flowers se- cund, rather erect ; spikes usually dichotomous ; calyx clavated ; petals semi-bifid. O- H. Native of Barbary in corn-fields. S. hirsuta, Poir. diet. 7. p. 169. Petals red. Hispid Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PL £ to 1 ft. 75 S. LAXIFLORA (Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 188.) hairy ; stems erect, jointed, branched ; lower leaves lanceolate, upper ones almost linear ; flowers secund, rather remote ; calyx somewhat clavated; petals bifid ; capsules cylindrical. O- H. Native of Portugal in sandy fields near Coimbra, and elsewhere in northern Biera. Petals flesh-coloured. Lax-flowered Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PL 1 to 1£ foot. 76 S. CANE'SCENS (Tenore, prod. 25.) hairy-canescent ; stems prostrate, branched ; leaves obovately-spatulate, ciliated at the base ; flowers secund, erect ; calyx bladdery, somewhat cylin- drical; petals bifid. I/. H. Native of Naples. Petals red? Canescent Catchfly. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822. PL trailing. 77 S. STATICIFO'LIA (Smith, fl. graec. t. 434.) smooth, woody at the base ; leaves in tufts, linear-lanceolate, mucronate, rather glaucous ; floriferous stem simple ; flowers erect, on short pedi- cels ; calyx long, clavate ; petals 2-parted ; lobes obtuse, in- curved, with short bifid entire appendages. If, . H. Native of the Morea. Flowers rather large, white above, and rusty be- neath. Thrift-leaved Catchfly. PL 1 foot. 78 S. DECU'MBENS (Bern, sicul. cent. 1. p. 75.) pubescent ; stems numerous, decumbent, diffuse, branched ; leaves small, spatulate-1 anceolate ; flowers inclinate ; spike dichotomous ; calyxes clavated when in fruit ; petals 2-parted, with long claws, crowned. O • H. Native of Spain and about Naples. Flowers flesh-coloured. Decumbent -branched Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. PL ^ foot. 79 S. OLIVERIA'NA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 373.) somewhat pubescent; stem erect, almost simple ; leaves linear, ciliated at the base ; flowers few ; calyxes clavated ; petals semi- bifid, rather narrow. 0. H. Native between Aleppo and Mossul. Petals red ? Oliver's Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1828. PL 1 foot. 80 S. DIANTHIFO'LIA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 373.) almost glabrous ; stem much branched, leafy ; leaves linear, acute ; flowers terminal or axillary ; calyxes clavated ; petals 2- parted ; stamens very long. $ . H. Native of Siberia. S. fruticosus, Pall. Petals red or white. Pink-leaved Catchfly. PL 1 foot. 81 S. DIFFU'SA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 373.) pubes- cent ; stems diffuse, branched ; leaves small, spatulate, obtuse, ciliated at the base ; flowers rather erect ; spike 2-5-flowered ; calyx clavated, rather narrow ; petals bifid, with long claws. I/ ? H. Native of France on the sea-shore about Masin. S. sericea, Bert, in litt. but not of All. Z>j$use-branched Catchfly. PL J to 1 foot. 82 S. IBE'RICA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 335.) stem branched, pubescent; leaves lanceolate, pubescent; spikes secund, dicho- tomous ; calyx short, ovate, clavated, glabrous ; petals bifid. $ . H. Native of Tartary and Iberia. Flowers white. Like the following. Iberian Catchfly. FL June, July. PL | to 1 foot. 3F2 404 CARYOPHYLLE.E. VI. SIIENE. 83 S. DICHO'TOMA (Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 144.) stems forked, once or twice, villous, as well as the leaves ; leaves scabrous, ciliated, lower ones rosulate, spatulate, upper ones lanceolate ; spikes twin, secund; flowers nearly sessile, erect; calyxes roundish, ventricose, with 10 ribs, villous ; petals 2-parted, narrow, almost destitute of appendages. $. H. Native of Hungary, Tauria, and Candia. Walds. et Kit. hung. 1. t. 29. Smith, fl. grsec. 413. S. membranacea, Poir. diet. 7. p. 165. S. trinervis, Sol. in Russ. aleppo, 2. p. 252. Flowers white, one always in the fork of the stem. Dichotomous-spiked Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1791. PI. li foot. 84 S. NYCTA'NTHA (Willd. enum. 472.) pubescent; leaves somewhat fleshy, lower ones spatulate, upper ones lanceolate ; flowers secund ; calyx clavated, 1 0-ribbed, after flowering some- what 4-sided ; petals bifid. ©. H. Native? Petals greenish- yellow. Night-flowered Catchfly. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1815. PI. 1 foot. 85 S. TBINE'RVIA (Seb. et Maur. fl. rom. 152.) plant covered with knotted hairs ; stem slender, branched ; leaves linear-lan- ceolate, under surface 3-nerved; flowers secund ; calyx clavated, hispid from imbricating hairs, which are turned upwards ; petals semi-bifid. O- H. Native about Rome. Petals whitish. Three-nerved-]eaved Catchfly. Fl. Ju. July. PL | to 1 foot. 86 S. DIVARICA'TA (Smith, fl. grsec. 414.) hoary-pilose ; stem once or twice forked, divaricate : leaves all lanceolate, acute ; flowers distant on short pedicels, rather nodding ; petals 2-parted ; lobes obovate, rounded as well as the appendages. $ . H. Native of the Morea in fields. Flowers whitish, one always in the forks of the stems. Divaricate Catchfly. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 87 S. RACEMO'SA (Otth. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 384.) stem dicho- tomous, divaricate, racemose ; leaves lanceolate, narrow ; petals 2-parted, rounded, as well as the appendages. $ . H. Native of the Canary Islands. Flowers whitish ? Perhaps the same as the preceding. Racemose Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 88 S. VELUTI'NA (Pour, in Desf. herb, ex Lois, in journ. 2. p. 324.) plant velvety ; stem erect, branched ; lower leaves ob- ovate-lanceolate, upper ones lanceolate-linear ; flowers sometimes solitary in the axils, sometimes crowded ; calyxes clavated ; petals semi-bifid. If. . H. Native of Corsica. Petals red ? Velvety Catchfly. Fl. May, July. PI. 1 to l£ foot. 89 S. SABULETO'RUM (Link, in Spreng. 1. nov. prov. 39.) hairy ; leaves lanceolate ; flowers spiked also in the forks of the branches ; calyx covered with long hairs, narrow, cylin- drically-clavated ; petals emarginate. Q. H. Native? Petals purplish-violet. Gravel-pit Catchfly. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. PI. | to 1 ft. 90 S. BELLIDIFO'HA (Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 81.) hairy ; stem erect, slender, nearly simple ; leaves spatulate, lanceolate, acute ; spikes twin, secund ; calyx cylindrically clavated, smoothish ; petals bifid; anthophorum long. 0. H. Native — ? Petals pink, crowned. Daisy-leaved Catchfly. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1794. PI. £ to 1 ft. 91 S. PI'NGUIS (Vahl. ex horn. hafn. suppl. 49.) plant co- vered with silky hairs ; leaves fleshy ; radical ones spatulate, superior ones obovate-lanceolate ; calyx erect, clavate ; petals bifid. Q. H. Native of Denmark at Cape Spartel. Petals rose-coloured. Perhaps the same as S. belhdifblia, Jacq. Fat Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. i to £ foot. 92 S. CHEIRANTHIFO'LIA (Schott, in isis. 1818. fasc. 5. p. 821.) flowers secund ; calyx short, clavated; petals 2-parted ; capsules cylindrical ; seeds hardly revolute, channelled on the back. ©. H. Native at San Rocco. Petals rose-coloured on the upper surface. Wallflower-leaved Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 93 S. VESPERTI'NA (Retz. obs. 3. p. 31.) pubescent; stems branched, diffuse ; leaves spatulate, acute, on ciliated petioles ; racemes secund; calyx bladdery-clavated ; petals 2-parted; lobes obtuse. 0. H. Native of Mauritania, Greece, and Por- tugal in corn-fields. Curt. bot. mag. 677. S. bipartita, Desf. atl. 1. p. 352. t. 100. Smith, fl. graec. 409. Petals rose-coloured, appendages deeply bifid, acute. This is a beautiful plant with diffuse or decumbent stems. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 11. .EWnmo-flowered Catchfly. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1796. PI. 1 ft. 94 S. DISTA'CHYA (Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 189.) hairy; stem fork- ed at the top ; racemes secund ; flowers almost sessile ; leaves spatulate, upper ones lanceolate, acute ; calyx clavate ; petals 2- parted, crowned. ©. H. Native of Portugal near Coimbra. Petals pale-purple above, but greenish beneath, and rather keeled. Two-spiked Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PL 1 ft. 95 S. OBTUSIFOLIA (Willd. enum. p. 473.) stem villous ; leaves elliptically-spatulate, rounded, rather pubescent ; flowers secund, drooping, nearly sessile ; calyx clavated, pubescent ; petals bifid. 0. H. Native ? Petals purple. Perhaps S. colorata. Blunt-leaved Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PL £ to 1 foot. 96 S. DI'SCOLOR (Smith, fl. graec. t. 410.) stem usually forked at the top, diffuse, villous ; leaves obovate, obtuse, villous at the base, with the petioles rather connate ; flowers in two rows, on short pedicels, pressed to the stem ; calyx clavate, villous, with 10 red ribs; petals bifid ; lobes narrow, obtuse, with the appendages emarginate and white. ©. H. Native of Cyprus. Plant branched from the base. Flowers rose-coloured on the upper surface, but greenish on the under surface. Discoloured-fioviered Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PL | foot. 97 S. COLORA'TA (Schousb. maroc.) stems branched, very hairy ; leaves obovate-spatulate, numerous, pubescent, ciliated at the base ; flowers secund ; calyx bladdery, clavated ; petals 2-parted, crowned. ©. H. Native of Morocco and the island of Scio in corn-fields. Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 412. Petals purple on the upper surface and greenish below. Perhaps the same as S. discolor. Coloured Catchfly. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1819. PL £ to 1 ft. 98 S. THYMIFOLIA (Smith, fl. graec. t. 411.) stem procumbent, ligneous, branched, hairy ; leaves ovate, acute, rather hairy, ciliated, with fascicles of smaller axillary ones ; flowers sessile, or on pedicels, furnished with 2 bracteas or leaves ; petals bifid, narrow, with the appendages deeply emarginate. Ij . H. Na- tive of Cyprus by the sea-side. Flowers white above but greenish beneath. Thyme- leaved Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Shrub procumbent. 99 S. CRASSIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 597.) velvety ; stem procum- bent, branched, leafy ; leaves ovate-spatulate, fleshy ; bracteas very small ; flowers secund ; calyx bladdery, clavated ; petals emarginate, with long claws, properly crowned. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals of a brownish dull colour. Thick-leaved Catchfly. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1774. PL pro- cumbent. 100 S. BURCHE'LLII (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 374.) pubescent ; stems assurgent, simple ; leaves small, lanceolate ; flowers few, almost sessile, clavated ; anthophorum very long. 0? H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burch. cat. geogr. no. 271. Flowers white ? Burchell's Catchfly. FL June, July. PL decumbent. 101 S. PILOSELLOI'DES (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 41.) stems decumbent at the base, rather scabrous, naked above; radical leaves spatulate-lanceolate. rather mucronate, roughish ; flowers racemose, secund ; calyx club-shaped, drooping, when in flower, when in fruit erect; petals 2-parted, with linear, obtuse segments, furnished with 2-lobed appendages. If. . G. CARYOPHYLLE.E. VI. SILENE. 405 Native of the Cape of Good Hope near Plettensberg's bay. Many stems rising from the same root, usually decumbent. Flowers white. Pilosella-like Catchfly. PI. procumbent. 102 S. CE'RNUA (Thunb. fl. cap. ed. Schult. 1. p. 394.) plant hairy ; flowers racemose, secund, drooping, calyxes with 10 stripes, fruit-bearing ones clavated; leaves linear, villous, sca- brous. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. If. . G. Flowers white. Perhaps S. piloselloides, Cham. Z)roo/>m#-flowered Catchfly. PI. procumbent ? 103 S. GRA'CILIS (D. C. cat. monsp. 145.) glabrous; stem erect, branched ; leaves linear, hardly ciliated, lower ones ovate ; flowers erect, alternate, distant ; peduncles long ; calyxes blad- dery, clavated ; petals 2-parted ; lobes linear. Q. H. Native? Petals white. Perhaps this species should have been placed in section Rupifraga on account of the long peduncles. Slender Catchfly. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1823. PI. £ to 1 foot. 104 S. IMBRICA TA (Desf. atl. 1. p. 349. t. 98.) stems erect, branched, hairy at the base ; leaves villous, lower ones obtuse, upper ones lanceolate, acute ; spikes secund, dense ; flowers erect, appressed ; calyx clavated ; petals obcordate, with 2 mar- ginal teeth, crowned. Q. H. Native of the north of Africa near Mascar in corn-fields. Petals white. /j»&n'car), morphe, form ; in allusion to the long tu- bular form of the calyx.) Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 377. Caulescent. Flowers erect or drooping, panicled, rarely solitary, on short opposite pedicels. Calyx tubular, cylindrical or clavate at the apex. § 1 . Flowers nodding. Calyxes clavate or cylindrical, 155 S. LONGIPE'TALA (Vent. hort. eels. p. 83. t. 83. Smith, fl. graec. t. 419.) glabrous, clammy ; stems erect; leaves rather fleshy, lanceolate, with scabrous margins ; flowers nodding, loosely panicled ; calyxes clavated ; petals with a very long 2- parted involute border, and with 2-parted emarginate appendages. Q. H. Native about Aleppo and in the island of Cyprus. Flowers greenish. Petals, stamens, and styles hairy at the base. Long-petalled Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1825. PL 1^ to 2 foot. 156 S. LONGICI'LIA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 377.) root woody ; stems pubescent at the base, branched ; leaves lanceolate, acute, lower ones stalked, pubescent, fringed with woolly hairs ; flowers nodding, panicled ; calyxes clavated ; petals 2-parted, each crowned with 2 callosities. 2/ . H. Na- tive of Portugal on calcareous soil near Coimbra, &c. Cucu- balus longicilius, Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 180. Flowers white on the upper surface, but purplish on the under. Long-haired Catchfly. Fl. May, Aug. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 157 S. NU'TANS (Lin. spec. 596.) pubescent ; stems very leafy at the base ; radical leaves spatulate, upper ones lanceolate ; flowers panicled, drooping one way; calyx cylindrical-ventri- cose ; petals 2-parted, involute, with long 2-parted acute appen- dages. If. . H. Native almost throughout the whole of Europe in arid meadows. In Britain on limestone rocks and chalky cliffs, particularly on the walls of Nottingham castle and there- about ; in Dovedale, Derbyshire ; near north Queensferry, Scot- land ; in Carnarvonshire ; on rocks about Knaresborough, York- shire; also on the Dover cliffs. Smith, engl. bot. 465. Fl. dan. 242. S. latif olia, Horn, hafii. suppl. 49. ? Lychnis nutans, Scop', earn. 2. p. 525. Peduncles clammy. Flowers white, droop- ing, sweet-scented, expanding in the evening. Var. fl, incdna (Ser. herb. D. C. 1. c.) stem leaves and calyxes hoary- tomentose ; calyx pale or purplish. If.. H. Native of Vallais. Var. 7, oligophylla(Ott\\. mss. D. C. 1. c.) plant dwarf, pubes- cent ; stem simple, almost wanting, purplish ; leaves small, spatu- late ; peduncles 1-2-flowered. Var. S, alplna (Reyn. in litt. D. C. 1. c,) plant humble ; stems almost leafless ; leaves linear, pilose ; panicles few-flower- ed. T(.. H. Native on mount Ganterberg. Nodding-flowered, Nottingham or Dover Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Britain. PL -J to 1^ foot. 158 S. VISCOSA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 497.) plant pubescent, very clammy ; stem simple, leafy ; lower leaves large, lanceo- late, upper ones linear-lanceolate, undulated ; flowers large, nodding ; spike panicled, long ; calyx cylindrically-clavated, with 10 stripes ; petals 2-parted, without a crest ; stamens very long. 11 . H. Native of Italy, Sweden, and the Levant, on mount Ararat ; also in Britain on the Dover cliffs. Cucubalus visco- sus, Lin. spec. 592. Leaves almost like those of Cynoglossum qfficinale, but smaller. Flowers white, fragrant at night, droop- ing all round, not to one side. Clammy Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1739. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 159 S. INFRA'CTA (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 3. p. 257. t. 213.) glabrous ; stems very leafy at the base ; radical leaves rather spatulate, upper ones lanceolate-linear ; flowers panicled, droop- ing one way ; calyx cylindrically-ventricose ; petals 2-parted, crowned, y. . H. Native of Hungary. Flowers white, sweet- scented, expanding in the evening. Infracted-ped uncled Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. PL 1 to 1| foot. 160 S. LI'VIDA (Willd. enum. p. 474.) pubescent; stem flexuous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate ; flowers panicled, drooping to one side ; petals bifid, crowned. If. . H. Native of Carniola. Like S. nutans and S. viridiflbra, but differing from both in having a flexuous infracted stem. Flowers livid-green on the under surface, and white on the upper surface. S. nutans K livida, D. C. prod. 1. p. 378. Far. ft, viridella (D. C. prod. ]. p. 377. under S. nutans,) pubescent, much branched ; petals green or clothed with green pubescence. % . H. Native of the south of Europe. Var. y, saxdtilis (Sims, bot. mag. 689.) glabrous ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers usually white. I/ . H. Native of Siberia and France. S. Amblevana, Lej. fl. spa. 1. p. 199. S. nutans var. e, glabra, D. C. prod. 1. p. 377. Livid-flowered Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PL 1 ft. 161 S. SAXA'TILIS (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 338.) smooth; stem few-leaved ; radical leaves oblong, bluntish, stalked, cauline ones lanceolate-linear; calyx clavate, 10-striped; flowers pani- cled, nakedish, drooping ; petals bifid, crowned. If. . H. Na- tive of Caucasus on rocks. Flowers small, white, with the lobes of the limb of the petals narrow. Panicle rather naked ; pe- duncles opposite, usually 3-flowered, erect after flowering. Calyx purplish. Anthophorum short. Perhaps the same as S. saxdtilis, Sims, bot. mag. 689. Stone Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. PL 1 foot. 162 S. QUADRI'FIDA (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 378.) stem single, rather tomentose ; radical leaves elliptical or spatu- late, upper ones lanceolate ; flowers panicled, secund ; peduncles 1 -flowered, nodding; calyxes cylindrical; petals 2-4 cleft, or 2-parted, with bifid lobes, "if. . H. Native about Verona. Cucubalus quadrifida, Pollin. pi. ver. p. 11. Petals white ? Four- ck/i-petalled Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PL I to 1 foot. 163 S. RU'BENS (Vest, in fl. 1821. p. 150.) pilose; stem erect ; cauline leaves lanceolate, floral ones dilated at the base ; flowers nodding, panicled; peduncles 3-6-flowered ; calyx co- CARYOPHYLLE^l. VI. SILENE. 409 loured ; petals bifid, crowned. 2/ ? H. Native near Clangen- furt. PetalS white ? 7feured-Aowered Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot. 202 S. KAULFU'SII (Spreng. pi. min. cog. 2. p. 64. no. 123.) plant very smooth ; root fusiform ; stem almost simple ; radical leaves oblong, cauline ones ovate-lanceolate ; flowers panicled ; calyx clavate ; petals toothed, with long claws. If. . H. Native at Politz. Flowers purple ? Kaulfus's Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 203 S. ATO'CION (Murr. syst. ed. 13. p. 421.) stem branched, viscid, pubescent ; leaves roundish-obovate, lower ones on long footstalks, uppermost ones sessile ; panicle fastigiate, tricho- tomous ; calyx long, clavate ; petals obcordate, obtuse, with an acute tooth on each side at the base, crowned by 2 protuber- ances. O- H. Native of the Levant. Jacq. vind. 3. t. 32. Flowers pink. This plant ought to follow S. orchidea, Lin. p. 413. no. 245. Atocwn Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1781. PL \ to 1 ft. § 3. Flowers erect ; calyxes long, clavated. The plants contained in this division are easily distinguished by their long, narrow calyx, sometimes even an inch in length. 204 S. RETICULA'TA (Desf. atl. 1. p. 350. t. 99.) plant gla- brous, clammy ; stems branched ; leaves lanceolate-linear ; flowers dichotomously panicled ; calyx very long, clavated, reti- culated ; petals obcordate, crowned with bifid acute appendages. Q. H. Native of Algiers. Calyx with 10 stripes, reticulated, with purple veins. Flowers small, rose-coloured, fastigiate. Reticulated-ca\yned. Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1804. PL l£foot. 205 S. ECHINA'TA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 380.) plant pubescent ; stem slender, branched ; cauline leaves small, linear ; flowers panicled ; calyx long, cylindrically-clavated, with 10 bristly echinated ribs ; petals bifid. Q? H. Native of? Echinated-calyxed Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PL 1 foot. 206 S. PENNSYLVA'NICA (Mich, fl.bor. amer. 1. p. 272.) plant clammy-pubescent ; stems procumbent ; leaves lanceolate, lower ones rather spatulate ; flowers panicled ; calyx long, tubular ; petals emarginate and rather crenated. I/ . H. Native of North America in dry sandy woods, and on rocks from New York to Virginia. Ker, hot. reg. 247. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 41. Perhaps the same as S. Virginica, Willd. spec. 2. p. 702. S. Caroliniana, Walt, carol. 142. Flowers purple, very handsome. Pennsylvanian Catchfly. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1806. PL ^ to -j foot, procumbent. 207 S. SUCCULE'NTA (Forsk. descr. p. 89.) plant clammy- pubescent ; stems diffuse, thick, branched, leafy ; leaves obo- vate, fleshy ; flowers panicled ; calyx long, somewhat ventricose, ribbed; petals 2-parted, crowned, with very long claws. 7/? H. Native of Egypt at the catacombs of Alexandria. Delile, fl. aegypt. t. 29. f. 2. Flowers purple ? Succulent-leaved Catchfly. Fl. May. PL ^ foot. 208 S. VALLE'SIA (Lin. spec. 603.) plant tufted, clammy, pu- bescent ; root woody ; stems dwarf, assurgent, a little branched ; leaves lanceolate, lower ones spatulate ; flowers terminal, rarely twin; calyx very long, clavate, reticulated ; petals bifid, crowned. 1£. H. Native in the alps of Vallais. All. ped. no. 1574. t. 23. f. 2. — Bocc. mus. 65. t. 54. Flowers flesh-coloured or white, smelling at night, of a deeper colour beneath. Fallesian Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1765. PL £ foot. 209 S. CA'SPICA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 497.) plant scabrous ; stems branched ; leaves spatulate-lanceolate ; flowers terminal, and in the forks of the stem ; calyx oblong, cylindrical, pubes- cent ; petals 2-parted, and furnished with a tooth on each side at the base I/ . H. Native of Caucasus on sterile hills. S. fruticulosa, Bieb. tab. no. 17. S. frutescens, Bieb. casp. 175. S. suflrutescens, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 340. Stems shrubby. Petals pink. Caspian Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PL 2 feet. 210 S. SALZMA NNII (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 381.) plant tomentosely-pilose ; root woody, branched ; stems simple, leafy ; leaves lanceolate-spatulate, numerous at the base ; flowers densely panicled, erect ; calyx long ; petals broad, obcordate, naked. I/. H. Native of Corsica. Flowers red? Perhaps belonging to section Atocion. Salzmann's Catchfly. FL June, July. PL 1 foot. 211 S. REQUIE'NII (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 381.) plant pubescent ; root thick, woody ; stem erect, simple, leafy ; leaves oblong-obovate, acuminated ; flowers few, panicled ; calyx very long. I/ . H. Native of Corsica near Bonifacio. Requien's Catchfly. FL June, Aug. PL 1 foot. 3o2 412 CARYOPHYLLE^E. VI. SILENE. 212 S. AMCENA (Lin. spec. 596.) plant rather pubescent; root woody : stems decumbent, branched ; leaves soft, numerous at the bottom, lanceolate, rather acute, nearly smooth ; flowers numerous, disposed in ample secund panicles ; calyx cylindri- cally clavated, obovate ; petals bifid, with a converging crest. 11 . H. Native of Tartary. Calyx long. Petals white. Pleasing Catchfly. Fl. July. Clt. 1779. PL decumbent. 213 S. SUPI'NA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 336.) plant tufted, co- vered with clammy pubescence ; stems woody, procumbent, branched ; leaves linear, acute ; flowers on short alternate pedicels ; calyxes long, cylindrically clavated, tomentose ; petals with long claws, bifid, crowned ; lobes narrow, diverging, if.. H. Native of Caucasus. Sims, hot. mag. t. 1997. Petals white. Var. ft, latifolia ; leaves broader and flat. Supine Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1804. PI. procum- bent i foot. 214 S. DEPRE'SSA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 336.) plant clammy ; root •woody ; stems numerous, branched at the base, leafy, pubes- cent ; leaves small, lanceolate, somewhat ciliated ; flowers soli- tary, terminal, rarely twin ; calyx very long, cylindrically-cla- vated ; petals bifid, with long claws, crowned. If. . H. Native of Iberia on rocks about Tiflis. Flowers white. Depressed Catchfly. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. procumbent. 215 S. PARADO'XA (Lin. spec. 1673.) stem erect, pubescent; leaves smooth, hardly ciliated, lower ones obovately-lanceolate, upper ones linear ; flowers large, disposed in racemose panicles ; calyx long, cylindrically clavated, downy ; petals 2-lobed ; lobes broad, obovate, with 2-parted appendages. 7£. H. Native of Dauphiny. Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 84. Flowers large, white. This plant is said to grow on the Dover Cliffs, but certainly not to be found there at present. What the older botanists found on Dover Cliffs appear to be Silene nutans and S. viscosa, the one with naked petals and the other with crested petals. Var. |3, fenuz/o&a (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 381.) stem twiggy, simple ; leaves linear, acute. Native about Genoa. Paradoxical or Dover Catchfly. Fl. July. Clt.? PI. 1J ft. 216 S. CHLORvEFOLiA (Smith, icon. ined. 1. p. 13. 1. 13.) plant very smooth and glaucous ; stems branched ; leaves elliptical, pointed, upper ones rather cordate ; flowers large, disposed in a terminal panicle; calyx long, cylindrical, rather clavated, striped ; petals cloven half-way down, with a 2-lobed crest. I/ . H. Native of Armenia. Sims, bot. mag. t. 807. Flowers white, turning reddish as they fade. Chlora-leaved Catchfly. Fl. Aug. Sept Clt. 1796. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 217 S. ITA'LICA (D. C. fl. fr.4. p. 753.) pilosely-pubescent ; stems branched at the base ; lower leaves spatulate, obtuse, stem ones lanceolate, acute, connate ; flowers in spreading panicles ; branches of panicle 3-flowered ; calyx long, clavated ; petals 2-lobed, obtuse, naked. l/.H. Native of Italy and Laconia, 1. c. Smith, fl. grsec. 429. Cucubalus It&licus, Lin. spec. 593. Jacq. obs. 4. p. 12. t. 79. Cucubalus silenoides, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 614. S. Sicula, Presl. Petals white above but flesh-coloured underneath. Var. ft, cana (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 382.) plant a little branched, very soft ; panicle dense. S. mollissima, Lois, not. p. 166. Petals white above, 1. c. Far. y, rubrifora (Otth. mss. in D. C. 1. c.) plant very soft ; calyx purplish ; petals purple. Italian Catchfly. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1759. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 218 S. PANICULA'TA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 382.) plant velvety, clammy ; stem erect, much branched, leafy ; leaves lanceolate, thickish ; flowers in simple panicles ; calyx cylindrically-clavated, long ; petals bifid ; stamens long. I/ . H. Native of? Petals white? Panicled Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PI. \\ foot. 219 S. PAUCIFLORA (Salzmann, exsic. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 382.) plant tufted, pubescent ; stems numerous, simple, slender, almost leafless ; leaves linear-lanceolate, numerous at the base of the stems ; flowers terminal and in few-flowered panicles ; calyx narrow, cylindrical; petals 2-parted, reticulated, crowned. H..H. Native of Corsica. Petals striped. Few-flowered Catchfly. Fl. May, July. PL 1 foot. 220 S. JU'NCEA (Smith, fl. graec. t. 421.) stem simple, pubes- cent, panicled at the top ; lower leaves obovate, acute, stalked, hoary-pilose, upper ones sessile, linear-lanceolate, smooth, but ciliated at the base ; calyx elongated, clavate ; petals 2-parted, narrow, with 2-parted tridentate appendages. $ . H. Native of Asia Minor. Branches long, paniculate, few-flowered. Flowers white above and rusty beneath. Rushy Catchfly. PL 2 to 3 feet. 221 S. PA'TULA (Desf. all. 1 . p. 356.) plant pubescent, clammy ; stems erect, branched, branches spreading ; lower leaves ovate- spatulate, upper ones lanceolate ; flowers panicled ; calyx long, clavated, narrow ; petals semibifid, crested, with long claws. l/.H. Native of Barbary in corn-fields. Petals white, about the size of those of Lychnis didica. Peduncles 3-flowered. Spreading-brimdied Catchfly. FL May, July. Clt. 1 823. PL | to 2 feet. 222 S. POLYPHY'LLA (Lin. spec. 601.) plant pubescent ; stems assurgent, much branched, very leafy ; leaves linear, acute ; flowers erect, panicled; calyx clavated; petals bifid. If.. H. Native of Austria, Hungary, and Bohemia. — Clus. hist. 1. p. 290. f. 2. Flowers white above but purplish below. Many-leaved Catchfly. FL June, July. Clt. 1800. PL 1 to 14 foot. 223 S. NEMORA'LIS (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 3. p. 277. t.249.) stem simple, pubescent ; leaves pubescent, lower ones large, roundish, stalked, upper ones lanceolate ; flowers panicled ; calyx long, clavated ; petals 2-parted, crowned, f . H. Native of Hungary. Cucubalus floccosus, Fie. Petals white above but purplish below. Grove Catchfly. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1816. PL 1 to 1| foot. 224 S. CALYCI'NA (Presl. sic. ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 182.) stem simple, erect, scabrous, clammy at the top; leaves linear- lanceolate, acute, ciliately-serrulated ; flowers panicled, brac- teate ; calyx long, clavate, and is as well as the pedicels clothed with clammy pubescence ; petals bifid, coloured. 7(.? H. Na- tive of Sicily. Calycine Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PL 1 to 2 feet. 225 S. LONGIFLORA (Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 144.) plant glabrous ; stems erect, twiggy ; leaves linear-lanceolate, rather glaucous, radical ones very long ; flowers panicled; peduncles 1 -flowered ; calyx very long, clavated ; petals 2-parted, crowned. I/ . H. Native of Hungary and Tauria, Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 7. t. 8. Petals whitish above but tinged with red below. A tall, smooth plant, with purplish stems. Var. ft,juncca (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 382.) leaves all linear ; panicle small. 3(. . H. Native of Iberia. S. juncea, Roth, catalect. l..p. 54. Long-flonered Catchfly. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1793. PL 14 to 3 feet. 226 S. BUGLOSSIFOLIA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. vol. 32.) plant hairy, clammy ; stem simple, leafy ; leaves undulated, the upper ones lanceolate ; .flowers panicled ; peduncles 1 -flowered, oppo- site, shorter than the flowers ; calyx cylindrical, an inch long ; petals 2-parted, naked. $ . H. Native of the Levant at the foot of Mount Ararat. Flowers white above. Bugloss-leaved Catchfly. Fl. Aug. PL 3 feet. 227 S. BUPLEUROIDES (Lin. spec. 598.) plant glabrous, clammy ; stem assurgent, branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, lower ones very long ; upper bracteas with broad, mem- CARYOPHYLLE^E. VI. SILENE. 413 branaceous margins ; flowers panicled ; peduncles generally 2- 3-flowered ; calyx long, clavate, purplish ; petals 2-lobed, crowned. If. H. Native of Persia and on Mount Atlas. Petals white on the upper surface but pale violet underneath. Desf. atl. 1. p. 351. — Tourn. itin. 2. p. 139. 1. 154. Bupleurum-like Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1801. PL 1 to 2| feet. 228 S. CAvNA(Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 382.) plant hoary-pubescent; stem twiggy, simple; lower leaves ovate- oblong, stalked, ciliated at the base, upper ones linear ; flowers panicled ; peduncles 3-flowered ; calyx long, clavated, purplish ; petals bifid, with long claws. If.. H. Native of? Petals whitish above, but brownish underneath ? Hoary Catchfly. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. PI. 2 feet. 229 S. MOLLI'SSIMA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 498.) stem herbaceous, fleshy ; leaves fleshy, silky pubescent, radical ones ovate-spatu- late ; panicle corymbose, somewhat dichotomous ; petals bifid, na- ked; calyx cylindrically-clavate. y..H. Native of Italy and Asia Minor. Flowers white. Cucubalus mollissimus, Lin. spec. 593. Very soft Catchfly. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1739. PI. 1 to 2ft. 230 S. pij,6sA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 411.) plant hoary, villous; stems erect, branched, clammy ; leaves undulated, lower ones large, spatulate, upper ones lanceolate ; flowers in ample tricho- tomous panicles ; calyx cylindrically clavated ; petals 2-parted, crowned. If. . H. Native of Italy, Hungary, and Transylvanica by the sea-side. Cucubalus pilosus, Willd. enum. 471. Cucu- balus mollissimus, Waldst. et Kit. hung. 3. t. 248. Flowers white above but brownish or reddish beneath. Pilose Catchfly. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1739. PI. 1 to 1| ft. 231 S. RE'GIA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1724.) plant clammy, pu- bescent ; leaves ovate-lanceolate ; flowers large, panicled ; calyx downy, long, tubular ; petals oblanceolate, undivided, crowned with bicuspidate appendages; stamens very long. i;. H. Native of North America on the Mississippi. S. Virginica, var. Illinoensis, Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 272. Flowers large, dark crimson, in trichotomous panicles. Royal Catchfly. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1811. PI. 2 to 5 feet. 232 S. BALDWY'NII (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 288.) plant pilose ; leaves somewhat lanceolate ; flowers very large, in trichotomous panicles ; petals jagged, divaricating. % . F. Native of Flo- rida. Flowers very large, rose-coloured. Baldmyn's Catchfly. Fl. May, July. PI. 1 to 3 feet. 233 S. MOCINIA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 382.) plant rather villous ; stem simple, erect ; leaves lanceolate ; flowers panicled ; calyx cylindrically clavated, very long ; petals 6-cleft, furnished with 2 bifid appendages. "J/ . F. Native of Mexico. Moc. et Sesse. pi. mex. icon. ined. Flowers purple. Mocino's Catchfly. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1S27. PI. 3 to 4 ft. 234 S. LACINIA'TA (Cav. icon. 6. p. 44. t. 564.) plant pubes- cent ; stem erect, branched ; leaves large, lanceolate, acute ; flowers very large, terminal, rather drooping ; peduncles 1- flowered ; calyx long, cylindrically ventricose : petals some- what 4-cleft ; stamens short. If. . F. Native of South Ame- rica. Flowers crimson, with a white, 2-parted crest. Jagged-petal\ed Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 235 S. ROTUNDIIOLIA (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 288.) stems decumbent, pilose ; leaves broad-oval, stalked, ciliated ; flowers few, panicled ; calyx angular, cylindrical' y-clavated ; petals jagged, somewhat 4-cleft, crowned. l/.H. Native of North America on the banks of the Ohio and Tenessee. Petals scarlet. Round-leaved Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. PI. decumbent. 236 S. ADSCE'NDENS (Lag. gen. amer. 15.) plant villous, clammy ; leaves linear-lanceolate, obtuse, ciliated ; peduncles 1 -flowered, fruit-bearing ones spreading; calyx oblong, cla- vated, circularly reflexed at the base ; petals bifid. O • H. Native of Spain. Flowers red. Ascending-stemmed Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. PL £ foot. 237 S. DIANTHOIDES (Pers. ench. 1. p. 500.) leaves linear; flowers panicled ; calyx striated, sessile between 2 leaves, which form an involucrum : petals bifid. O? H. Native of the Levant. Cucubalus saxifragus, Schreb. dec. 9. t. 5. Flowers pink or purple ? Calyx striped with purple. Dianthus-like Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PL J to 1 foot. SECT. VIII. ATO'CION (from a priv. and TOKOQ, tokos, the young or brood of any thing ; because many of the plants con- tained in this section often produce nothing but male flowers.) Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 383. Caulescent. Flowers corym- bose. Calyxes clavated, with 10 stripes. * Perennial or shrubby. 238 S. CORDIFOLIA (All. ped. no. 1581. t. 23. f. 3.) plant clammy, glaucous; stems simple, hairy; leaves ovate, pointed, pubescent, upper ones somewhat cordate; flowers 1-4, terminal, almost sessile ; calyx ovate, cylindrically clavated; petals quinque- fid with a bifid crest. 7J..H. Native of Piedmont on rocks, also about Nice. Petals pale pink above and yellowish beneath. Heart-leaved Catchfly. FL June, July. Clt. 1819. PL A ft. 239 S. FRUTICOSA (Lin. spec. 597.) stem shrubby at the base, much branched, tufted ; flowering stems simple ; leaves obovate, mucronate, dark-green, permanent, ciliated, particularly towards the base ; flowers crowded, fastigiately-panicled ; calyx clavate ; petals deeply emarginate, obtuse, with 4-parted appendages. Tj'. H. Native of Sicily and the island of Cyprus on rocks. Smith, -fl. grsec. t. 428. S. nitida, Lag. gen. et spec. p. 15 — Bocc. sic. 48. t. 30. f. 2. Petals with greenish claws, flesh- coloured on the limb above, but greenish below. Shrubby Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1629. Sh. 1 to 1| ft. 240 S. C-ESPITOSA (Stev. in mem. soc. mosq. 2. p. 262.) plant tufted, roughish ; root thick, woody ; stems simple, slender, very leafy at the base ; leaves small, linear, acute ; flowers 2-3, terminal; calyx clavated; petals 2-lobed, crowned? If. H. Native of Caucasus. Petals pink. Turfy Catchfly. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1824. PL { to | ft. 241 S. TOMENTOSA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 383.) plant very soft ; root woody, branched ; stems simple, very leafy at the base, almost leafless above ; leaves fleshy, lower ones large, shell-formed, upper ones linear ; flowers disposed in a crowded corymb ; calyx cylindrically-clavated ; petals 2-parted. T£. H. Native of Gibraltar on rocks. Petals pink. Tomentose Catchfly. PL 4 to 2 feet. 242 S. PLATYPE'TALA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 383.) plant pilosely-pubescent ; stem humble, very leafy at the base ; leaves ciliated at the base, lower ones lanceolate-spatulate, upper ones linear-lanceolate ; flowers few, in a panicled corymb ; calyx clavated ; petals broad-ovate, with long claws. If. . H. Native of North America. S. Virginica, Rafinisque in litt. but not of Lin. Flowers large, crimson. Broad-petalled Catchfly. Fl. May, Aug. PL £ foot. 243 S. BERGE'RII (Schott. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 411.) stem simple, pilose at the base ; leaves lanceolate, also pilose ; panicle corymbose, few-flowered ; calyx clavate, hispid ; petals obcor- date, crowned, y. 1 H. Native of Italy. Flowers red ? Berger's Catchfly. PL 1 foot. 244 S. POLYGONOIDES (Pers. ench. 1. p. 500.) plant pilose; root thick ; stems procumbent, branched ; leaves small, lower ones lanceolate, upper ones elliptical, acute ; flowers sessile, in corymbs ; calyx cylindrical ; petals emarginate, naked ? If. . H. Native of the island of Naxia. Cucubalus polygonoides, Willd. spec. pi. 2. p. 690. Flowers white, with a purple circle in the centre. Leaves like those of Thymus serpyllium. Polygonum-like Catchfly. PL trailing. 414 CARYOPHYLLE.3E. VI. SILENE. VII. VISCARIA. * * Annual or biennial. 245 S. ORCHI'DEA (Lin. fil. suppl. 241.) plant clammy; stem branched, pubescent ; leaves ovate, ciliated, lower ones on short footstalks ; flowers in dense corymbs ; calyx long clavated ; petals deeply 2-lobed, furnished with a lobe on each side at the base, crowned with bifid entire appendages. Q.H. Native of the Levant and the Grecian Islands. Smith, fl. graec. t. 427. Calyx and petals rose-coloured. The petals have the appear- ance of the labellum of some species of Orchis. The S. Atbcion of Murr. p. 413. no. 203. has been considered by many botanists identical with this species, but it is truly distinct. It ought, however, to have been placed in the present section. Orchis-like-petaUed Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1781. PI. ^ to 1 foot. 246 S. PSEU'DO-ATO'CION (Desf. atl. 1. p. 353.) plant clammy; stem much branched ; leaves glabrous, lower ones obovate- spatulate ; flowers in lax corymbs ; calyx long clavated ; petals very entire, linear, crowned. 0. H. Native of the north of Africa. Petals rose-coloured. False- Atocion Catchfly. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1820. PI. \ to | ft. 247 S. CRI'SPA (Poir. diet. 7. p. 1 62.) root slender ; stem erect, almost simple, hairy ; leaves oblong-linear, obtuse, with curled spinulose margins ; flowers solitary, disposed in close bundles ; calyx long, clavated ; petals bifid. Q. H. Native of Barbary. Flowers pink ? Curled-leaved Catchfly. Fl. July, Sept. PI. 1 foot. 248 S. ARME'RIA (Lin. spec. 601.) plant quite smooth, glau- cous ; stem branched ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, rather cordate at the base ; flowers in corymbose panicles ; calyx long, clavated ; petals obcordate, crowned. O- H. Native of France and Switzerland. In England in fields, or on banks, or on old walls, a doubtful native. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1398. Fl. dan. t. 559. Cucubalus fasciculatus, Lam. Flowers pink. Var. ft, alba (D. C. prod. 1. p. 384.) flowers white. Sweet-William or Lobel's Catchfly. Fl. July, Sep. PI. 1 to li foot. 249 S. LERCHENFELDIA'NA (Baumg, stirp. trans. 1. p. 398.) glabrous ; stem filiform, decumbent ; leaves oblong or linear- lanceolate, cauline ones ovate-lanceolate, quite smooth, rather crenulated ; panicle simple, corymbose, few-flowered ; petals emarginate, crowned. Q. H. Native of Transylvania on the Alps. Flowers red ? Lerchenfeld's Catchfly. PI. decumbent. 250 S. SIEGE'RI (Baugm. stirp. trans. 1. p. 400.) stem erect, simple, furrowed ; radical leaves numerous, oblong-lan- ceolate, channelled, stalked ; cauline leaves 2, linear ; flowers terminal, solitary, or 2-3 in an umbel ; calyx clavated, campa- nulate ; petals obcordate, crowned? Q ? H. Native of Tran- sylvania on the Alps about Rodno. Flowers pink ? Sieger's Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PI. i to 1 foot. 251 S. CONGE'STA (Sibth. and Smith, prod. fl. graec. p. 300.) plant pubescent ; stem rather branched, nakedish, rather clammy near the top ; leaves obovate, obtuse, green, stalked, crowded at the base of the stem ; flowers disposed in dense tufted corymbs ; calyx very long, clavated; petals 2-parted, naked. Q. H. Native of the Pyrenees and Greece. Flowers greenish. Crowded-flowered Catchfly. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 to 1^ foot. 252 S. COMPA'CTA (Fisch. in Horn. hafn. 1. p. 417.) plant glabrous, glaucous ; stem erect, branched ; leaves ovate-cordate, sessile, with 2 large ones like an involucre near the corymb, ap- pearing as if they were connate ; bracteas narrow, shorter than the pedicels ; flowers crowded into dense corymbs ; calyx very long, clavated ; petals oboval, entire, crowned. $ . H. Native of Rus- sia. S. Armeria, Bieb. fl. taur. no. 837. Flowers pink. This is very like S. Armeria, but easily distinguished by its entire petals. Compact-flowered Catchfly. Fl. July. Clt. 1810. PI. lift. 253 S. PERFOLIA'TA (Otth, mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 384.) plant very smooth, glaucous ; stems slender, filiform, almost simple ; leaves roundish, perforate ; flowers in capitate corymbs, with a 1 -leaved concave involucrum, which is larger than the leaves; calyx rather inflated, oblong; petals small. $. H. Native of the Levant. Cucubalus chlorsefolius, Poir. diet. 2. p. 416. Flowers red? Perfoliate Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI. 1^ foot. 254 S. UNDULATIFOLIA (Mor. ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 182.) stem erect, glabrous; leaves spatulate, oblong, obtuse, waved, smooth ; flowers in terminal fascicles ; calyx smooth, coloured ; petals 2-lobed. Q. H. Native of Sardinia. Flowers red. Wavy-leaved Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 255 S. FCE'TIDA (Link, ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 406.) stem erect, nearly simple, villous, clammy ; leaves ovate, acute, also villous and clammy ; flowers tern, terminal, peduncled, erect ; calyx cylindrical. $ . H. Native of Portugal. This plant ought perhaps to be placed in section Siphonomorpha. Foetid Catchfly. PI. 1 foot ? •f A plant belonging to section Behendntha, which ought to follow S. angustifolia, no. 29, p. 400. 256 S. DOUGLA'SII (Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 88.) pubescent ; stems erect, flexuous, slender ; leaves remote, long, linear ; flowers panicled ; calyx obovate, at length inflated, striated, pubescent; petals bifid. 3£. H. Native of North America above the grand rapids of the Columbia, and on the western declivity of the Rocky Mountains. Flowers white. Douglas's Catchfly. PI. 1 foot. Cult. The few green-house kinds of this genus thrive well in a rich light soil, and young cuttings of the -shrubby species, planted under a hand-glass, strike root readily. The hardy her- baceous kinds only require to be planted in the open border, but the dwarfer species are well adapted for rock-work. Some of them will not live long unless kept in pots, as alpines, that they may be sheltered with ease in the winter, particularly Silene cordifolia perfoliata, Catesbaea, Virginica, acaulis, quadriden- tata, rupestris, glaucifblia, rtlgia, pumilio, pusilla, Pennsylvd- nica, &c. ; these may be grown in a mixture of loam and peat, as well as those marked frame. The seeds of the hardy annual and biennial kinds only require to be sown in the beginning of April where they are intended to remain. All the species may be easily increased by seeds, but all the truly perennial kinds are easier increased by dividing the plants at the root in spring. The sections Nanosilene, Siphonomorpha, Rupifraga, andAtocion, contain the most elegant species. VII. VISCARIA (from viscus, bird-lime; because the stems of the plants are covered with clammy gluten.) Roehler. LIN. SYST. Decandria, Pentagynia. Calyx cylindrical, clavated at the apex, 5-toothed, naked. Petals 5, unguiculated, with scales in the throat. Stamens 10. Styles naturally 5. Capsule 5-celled. Anthophorum long. Evergreen tufted plants, with glassy leaves, and long clustered or corymbose racemes of red or white flowers. 1 V. VULGA'RIS (Roehl.) stem viscid about the joints ; petals slightly cloven ; leaves linear-lanceolate, fringed at the base. Tl . H. Native throughout the whole of the north of Europe in dry meadows and in fissures of rocks. In Britain on Arthur's seat, and on rocks by the hermitage a mile south of Edinburgh ; on the sides of Craig Wreidhin, Montgomeryshire, &c. Lychnis viscaria, Lin. spec. 625. Smith, engl. bot. 788. Fl. dan. t. CARYOPHYLLE^E. VII. VISCARIA. VIII. LYCHNIS. 415 1032. — Clus. hist. 1. p. 289. f. 2. Flowers rose-coloured, scentless, disposed in a crowded clustered raceme. Calyx purplish. Far. (3,Jldre-pleno ; flowers double. This plant is very com- mon in rustic gardens, where it is called Double Catchfly. It is a very ornamental plant. Common Red German Catchfly, or Rock Lychnis. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. 1 to 1|- foot. 2 V. NEGLE'CTA (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 186.) stem not clammy ; petals entire ; leaves lanceolate, linear, ciliated at the base. Tj. . H. Native of ? Lychnis viscaria albiflora, Hort. Flowers white. An elegant plant. Neglected Rock Lychnis. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? PI. 1 foot. 3 V. ALPINA; smooth, not viscid; petals cloven; flowers densely corymbose ; leaves linear-lanceolate, naked at the base. If,. H. Native of several parts in the north of Europe, Lapland, Denmark, &c. also said to grow on the Pyrenees. In Scotland, near the summits of the Clova Mountains, in Angus-shire. Lychnis alpina, Lin. spec. 626. Smith, engl. bot. 2254. Fl. dan. 62. Flowers crowded into a dense tuft at the top of the stems, of a bright rose-colour, tetragynous in the American plant. Alpine Red Campion or Rock Lychnis. Fl. June, July. Scot- land. PI. i foot. 4 V. HELVE'TICA (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. 186.) smooth, not viscid ; leaves lanceolate, naked at the base ; petals cloven to the middle, acute ; calyx ventricose ; flowers crowded into a convex umbel ; anthophorum long. 1^ . H. Native of Switzerland on the Alps. Lychnis alpina, Sims, bot. mag. 394. Flowers beautiful rose-coloured ; petals crowned with small protuberances rather than teeth ; this is said to be the case in V. alpina. Hall. hist. 1. p. 400. t. 17. There are several species under the name of Lychnis alpina in the gardens. The one so named in the Botanical Magazine is a biennial plant. Swiss Red Campion or Rock Lychnis. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810. PI. | foot. 5 V. MAGELLA'NICA ; plant rather villous, tufted ; leaves linear, acute ; flowers in terminal fascicles ; petals emarginate, with a tooth on each side at the base ? equalling the campanulate calyx in length. "H. . F. Native of the Straits of Magellan. Lychnis Magellanica, Lam. diet. 3. p. 641. Magellan Rock Lynchis. PL -| foot. Cult. Pretty plants, well adapted for rock-work, or the front of flower-borders. They thrive best in light sandy soil. V. alpina and V. Helvetica grow well in pots as alpines. They are all increased by dividing the plants at the root, this should be done three times in the course of the summer, for when they become large and matted they are apt to be destroyed by a kind of green insect. VIII. LY'CHNIS (from \vyyos, lychnos, a link or lamp; probably in allusion to the brilliancy of the flowers of most of the species.) Lin. gen. no. 231. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 761. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Pentagynia, Calyx cylindrical, clavated, 5-toothed, naked. Petals 5, unguiculate, crowned with scales at the throat. Stamens 10. Styles 5. Capsule 1- celled. Anthophorum long or short. Smooth, hairy, or woolly herbs, with terminal corymbs of flowers rarely solitary. 1 L. CHALCEDO'NICA (Lin. spec. 625.) plant smoothish, clammy ; flowers corymbose, in bundles ; calyx cylindrical, cla- vated, ribbed ; petals 2-lobed ; anthophorum long ; leaves lan- ceolate, rather cordate at the base, and rather pilose, clasping the stem. "H. . H. Native of Siberia about Barnaoul and in Japan. Curt. bot. mag. 257. — Clus. hist. 1. p. 192. f. 1. Flowers either scarlet, rose-coloured, or white. Var. ft, fibre-plena ; flowers double, scarlet. Double scarlet Lychnis. Far. y, albiflora ; flowers single, white. White Lychnis. Var. S, dlbo-plena; flowers double, white. Double White Lychnis, This most shewy plant is. called Scarlet Lychnis in England. Croix de Malthe in France and Portugal ; Croce de Cavaliere in Italy ; Croix de Jerusalem in Spain. Chalcedonian or Scarlet Lychnis. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1596. PI. 1 J to 3 feet. 2 L. FLOS- jov vis (Lin. spec. 625.) plant white from tomen- tum ; flowers in umbellate heads ; calyx cylindrical, clavated, ribbed ; petals 2-lobed ; anthophorum short, thick ; leaves lan- ceolate, clasping the stem, silky-tomentose. Tf. . H. Native of Switzerland and Piedmont on dry rocks. Curt. bot. mag. 390. — Mor. hist. 2. p. 540. sect. 5. t. 36. f. 2. Peduncles short, rather branched. Flowers purple or scarlet. Var. /3, rambsa (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 385.) flowers in panicled corymbs. 3£. H. Native of Savoy on mount Bre- son. Flowers red. Flower of Jove or Umbellate Lychnis. Fl. July. Clt. 1726. PI. H foot. 3 L. GRANDIFLCIRA (Jacq. coll. 1. p. 149. pi. rar. t. 84.) plant glabrous ; flowers solitary or tern, terminal and axillary ; calyx terete, clavated, ribbed ; petals lacerated ; anthophorum very long ; leaves ovate, almost sessile. %. G. Native of China and Japan. Lychnis coronata, Thunb. jap. 187. Delaun. herb. amat. t. 25. Curt. bot. mag. 223. Flowers large, beau- tiful scarlet, pale beneath. Var. /3, tetrapetala (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 386.) calyx 4-toothed. Petals 4. Great-flowered Lychnis. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1774. PI. 1 to 1| foot. 4 L. FU'LGENS (Fisch. in Sims, bot. mag. t. 2104.) plant hairy ; flowers in fastigiate corymbs ; calyx terete, clavated, woolly ; petals 4-cleft, outer segments awl-shaped ; anthophorum short ; leaves ovate, hairy. If. . H. Native of Siberia. Ker, bot. reg. 478. Rchb. icon. t. 5. Flowers large, beautiful, of a vermilion colour. Fulgent Lychnis. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 to 2 foot. 5 L. CCSII-RO'SA (Desrouss. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 644.) plant glabrous ; stem dichotomously panicled, erect ; flowers solitary, terminal ; calyx clavated, with 10 ribs ; lobes very acute ; petals lobed ; leaves linear, acute ; anthophorum long. Q.H. Native of Sicily, Barbary, and the Levant, in corn-fields, &c. Agro- stemma cce' li-rosa, Lin. spec. 624. Curt. bot. mag. 295. — Moris, hist. sect. 5. t. 2. f. 32. Flowers flesh-coloured. Far. a, pusilla (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 537.) stem much branched at the base; leaves linear, acute, almost glabrous. Q. H. Native of Spain by the sea shore. Far. /3, Ice vis (Poir. 1. c.) stem angular, erect ; leaves smooth. 0. H. Var. y, dspera (Poir. 1. c.) stem almost round ; leaves narrow, rough; angles of the calyx rough, serrulated. Q. H. Far. S, diffusa (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 122.) stem flexuous, decumbent. ©• H. Rose of heaven or smooth Lychnis. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1713. PI. £ to 1 foot. Cult. All the species of this genus are deserving of culti- vation for the brilliancy of their blossoms. The Lychnis Chalce- donica or scarlet lychnis, is an old and much esteemed borderr flower, the double varieties of which require some care to prevent them from returning to a single state, and to propagate them by cuttings. L.fulgens and grandiflora are truly elegant plants, these may be also increased by cuttings. They all thrive best in light rich loamy soil, but they must often be taken up and divided or they dwindle away ; the best time to do this is early in spring. L. grandiflora will thrive well and flower 1 416 CARYOPHYLLE.&. IX. AOROSTEMMA. abundantly if planted out in the open border in spring ; but it requires to be taken up in the autumn and potted, or the frost will kill it. All the species may be reared by cuttings, planted under a hand-glass, or by seeds, which generally ripen in abund- ance. The L. cceli-rosa is an elegant hardy annual plant, the seeds of which only require to be sown in the open border in spring. IX. AGROSTE'MMA (from aypoe, agros, afield, and irre^fia, stemma, a crown ; alluding to the beauty of the flowers, which were formerly made into crowns or garlands). Lin. gen. no. 231. LIN. SYST. Decandria, Pentagynia. Calyx egg-shaped or campanulate, with 5 short teeth. Petals 5, unguiculate, crowned. Stamens 10. Styles 5. Capsule 1 -celled. Anthophorum very short, or wanting. Evergreen plants with broadish leaves and 1- flowered peduncles. 1 A. APE'TALA (Lin. spec. 626. under Lychnis,) stem straight, 1 -flowered ; flower nodding ; calyx inflated, bladdery, striated, hairy ; petals shorter than the calyx ; anthophorum very short ; leaves linear, lower ones spatulate. I/ . H. Native of the alps of Lapland and Siberia. Lin. fl. lap. t. 12. f. 1. There are numerous varieties of this plant, but probably as many distinct species. Far. a, hortensis (Cham, in Schlecht. Linnaea. 1 . p. 43.) stem simple, 2 feet high, 1 -flowered, pubescent ; flower nodding. Var. ft, pauciflbra (D. C. prod. 1. p. 386.) stem bearing 1-2 or 3 flowers ; petals hardly longer than the calyx. L. unifldra and pauciflora, Fisch. in litt. L. brachypetala, Cat. hort. berl. ex Horn. hort. ham. suppl. p. 51. Petals white. Var. y, gentianoides (Cham. 1. c.) stem di-trichotomous, 8 inches high, smooth, one of the stems bearing 7 flowers the other 4 flowers. Native of Eschscholtz Bay. Var. S, genulna (Cham. 1. c.) pubescent, but when in fruit smooth, or a little pubescent. If. . H. Native of Europe. Var. c, mollis (Cham. 1. c.) plant densely tufted, 9 inches long and trailing, glaucous, and of a more soft habit than the other varieties ; calyx more inflated ; young leaves ciliated, but smooth in other respects. Native of? Var, £, macrocephala (Cham. 1. c. p. 44.) root woody, with numerous stems rising from it, forming a dense tuft; leaves narrower than in the preceding, pubescent ; stems 3-4 inches high ; flowers deep red. Native of the island of St. Lawrence. Two species are described by Ledebour in the Petersburg Transactions. L. pauciflbra and unifldra, which do not appear to differ from some of the above varieties. Apelalous Rose-campion. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1810;/31S17. PI. ^ to 1£ foot. 2 A. INVOLUCRA'TA ; plant smooth at the base and pubescent at the apex ; radical leaves linear; stems filiform, 1 -flowered ; with some narrow elongated leaves in the middle and some smaller ones approximating the flower in the form of an in- volucre; petals longer than the calyx ; calyx bladdery. TJ..H. Native of? Lychnis brachypetala, var. involucrata, Cham. 1. c. Involucrate Rose-campion. PI. J foot. 3 A. VARIEGA'TA (Desf. cor.Tourn. 74. t. 56. under Lychnis,) plant glabrous ; flowers terminal ; calyx inflated ; petals emar- ginate, variegated ; stamens protruding ; leaves roundish, fleshy, glaucous; footstalks connate at the base. 3{.. H. Native on Mount Ida. Flowers variegated. Variegated-flowered Rose-campion. PI. J foot. 4 L. SYLVE'STRIS (Hop. cent. exs. 3. no. 33. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 763. under Lychnis,) hairy and viscid ; flowers dichotomously- panicled, generally dioecious ; petals cloven ; lobes narrow, di- verging ; capsules roundish, with recurved teeth ; leaves ovate or lanceolate. }/ . H. Native almost throughout the whole of Europe in humid shady places. In Britain in moist shady places and under hedges, frequent. L. diurna, Sibth. oxon. 145. L. dioica a, Lin. spec. 626. L. dioica flore-rubro, Smith, engl. bot. 1579. Curt. lond. fasc. 2. t. 32. Flower scentless, rose- coloured or purple. Petals crowned with 4 teeth. Calyx inflated. Var. /3, flare-plena; flowers double, red. •y.. H. Cultivated in gardens, where it is called Bachelors' buttons. Var. y, pygmae~a (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 386.) small ; leaves rather imbricated ; stems bearing, only 1 or 2 flowers. If. . H. Native on Mount Margazola. Flowers red. Wild Red-campion. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. a 1 to 2 feet ; /3 1 and y | foot. 5 L. DIOICA (Lin. spec. 626. var. /3. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 762. under Lychnis,) hairy and viscid ; flowers dichotomously-pani- cled, dioecious ; petals cloven ; lobes broad, approximating ; capsules conical, with erect teeth ; leaves ovate. If. . H. Na- tive throughout the whole of Europe in fields, hedges, and by way-sides; plentiful in Britain. L. vespertina, Sibth. oxon. 146. L. alba, Mill. diet. no. 4. L. dioica flore-albo. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1580. Fl. dan. t. 792. Flowers white, sweet-scented in the evening. Petals crowned with 4 teeth. Calyx inflated. Var. ft, multiplex (D. C. prod. 1. p. 386.) flowers white, double, sweet-scented in the evening. I/ . H. Cultivated in gardens, but rare. Var. y, rbsea ; flowers blush-coloured, often with stamens and pistils together. Bearing white and red flowers on the same plant wrhen transplanted. ~lj. . H. Native of Britain in hedges and fields, but rare. Var. c, viridiflbra (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 386.) flowers double, with green petals. Dioecious Rose-campion. Fl. June, Sept. Brit. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 6 A. DECLINIS (Lag. gen, et spec. 15. under Lychnis,) plant pilose ; stems tufted, dichotomous, leafy ; flowers dioecious, on long pedicels, terminal and axillary ; calyx terete, striped ; fruc- tiferous ones rather globose, teeth small ; petals emarginate ; stamens not protruding ; leaves and bracteas ovate-lanceolate ; anthophorum none. I/ . H. Native of Spain in the province of Valentia. Agrostemma dioica, L. Duf. in litt. Flowers white or red. Declining Rose-campion. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 to li foot. 7 A. L#'TA (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 118. ed. 2. vol.3, p. 134. under Lychnis,) flowers solitary ; calyxes with 10 ribs; petals bifid; leaves linear-lanceolate, rather ciliated. O- H. Native of Por- tugal in bogs and moist meadows, particularly about Coimbra. L. palustris, Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 221. phyt. lus. fasc. 1. A pretty little plant with rose-coloured flowers. Joyful Rose-campion. Fl. July. Clt. 1778. PI. J to | ft. 8 A. CORSICA (Lois. not. 73. under Lychnis,) stem erectish, branched, somewhat dichotomous ; peduncles elongated, 1- flowered ; petals oblong, somewhat emarginated ; leaves linear- lanceolate, glabrous. Tf.. H. Native of Corsica. Perhaps distinct from L. Ice'ta. A beautiful little plant with red flowers. Corsican Rose-campion. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. PI. £ ft- 9 A. NIVA'LIS (Kit. in litt. under Lychnis. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 421.) smooth; radical leaves oblong, ciliated, tapering into the petiole; scape 1 -flowered; bracteas linear, elongated, ci- liated ; calyx campanulate, equal, obtusely-toothed ; petals large, lobed, crowned in the throat. 1£ . H. Native of the Carpa- thian mountains. Snow Rose-campion. PI. -y foot. 10 A. SIBI'EICA (Lin. spec. 626. under Lychnis,) stems tufted ; flowers in dichotomous bundles and solitary in the forks of the stem on long stalks ; calyx campanulately-globose ; lobes very short, obtuse ; petals bifid ; anthophorum none ; leaves linear, and are as well as stems hairy. 7£. H. Native of Siberia. Stature of Silene rupestris. Flowers pink. CARYOPHYLLEjE. IX. AGROSTEMMA. X. GITHAGO. XI. VELEZIA. 417 Siberian Rose-campion. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI. T to £ foot. 11 A. PYRENA'ICA (Berg. fl. bass, pyren. 2, p. 264. under Lychnis,) glabrous ; stems tufted, diffuse ; flowers in dichoto- mous bundles, with a single flower in each fork, which stands on a long peduncle ; calyx campanulate, lobes short ; petals rather emarginate, appendiculate ; leaves leathery, radical ones spatu- late, on long footstalks, cauline ones cordate, sessile. If. . H. Native of the Pyrenees on rocks. D. C. icon. fl. gall. rar. fasc. 2. ined. L. nummularia, Lapeyr. abr. p. 263. Flowers red or white. Pyrenean Rose-campion. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PL 3- to | foot. 12 A. TRIFLORA (Sommerfelt, in mag. natur. ann. 1824. cah. 1. p. 151. under Lychnis,) stem 3-flowered ; peduncles and calyx clothed with viscid down ; stem erect, very short, pubescent ; leaves densely-pubescent, radical ones crowded, lanceolate, acutish, entire, ciliated, with a pair of cauline ones hardly an inch from the root ; bracteas 6, opposite by twos, approximating the flowers in the manner of an involucrum ; calyx ventricose ; petals emarginate, longer than the calyx. %. . H. Native of Greenland. Flowers erect, white, 2 lateral ones on short pedi- cels, middle one on a long one. Stigmas pubescent. Three-flowered Rose-campion. Pi. -j to -j- foot. ISA. PU'LCHRA ; herbaceous, canescent, viscidly-pubescent ; stem erect, few-flowered ; leaves lanceolate, acute, lower ones tapering into the petiole, upper ones sessile, half-stem-clasping ; flowers large, on long peduncles, like those of A. sylvestris, p. 416.no. 4. but nearly twice the size, and red; calyx tubular, 10 lines long, 10-striped, 5-toothed ; teeth broad, with pellucid margins, and with a green nerve running through the middle ; petals quadrifid, lateral segments smallest. "If . F. Native of Mexico at the bottom of mount Oriziba. Lychnis pulchra, Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnasa 5. p. 334. Fair Rose-campion. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 14 A. FIMBRIA'TA ; stem erect, nearly simple, panicled at the top, pubescent; leaves ovate, acuminated, 3-5-nerved; calyx inflated ; petals fringed. 1£ . H. Native of Kamoon in the East Indies. Lychnis fimbriata, Wall. mss. Flowers white ? Like Silene inflatu. This plant comes near to A, apetala, p. 416. no. 1. .Fnngerf-petalled Rose-campion. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 15 A. INFLA'TA ; erect, pubescent ; leaves ovate, acute, lower ones stalked, upper ones sessile ; stem 1 -flowered; flower nod- ding ; calyx much inflated, not much shorter than the petals. If. . H. Native of Kamoon in the East Indies. Lychnis inflata, Wall. mss. This plant comes near to A. sylvestris, p. 416. no. 4. Inflated- ca}yx.eti Rose-campion. PI. 1 foot. 16 A. FLOS-CU'CULI (Lin. under Lychnis,) stems ascending; smoothish ; flowers in dichotomous bundles ; calyx campanulate, with 10 ribs; petals torn, appendiculate. If.. H. Native of Europe in moist meadows and bogs, plentiful in Britain. Lam. ill. t. 391. Smith, engl. bot. 573. Curt. lond. fasc. 1. t. 33. Oed. fl. dan. t. 590. Flowers scentless, rose-coloured. Var. ft, albifldra ; flowers white. Var. y, Jlore-pleno ; flowers double, rose-coloured. Culti- vated sometimes in gardens. Cuckoo-flower or Ragged-robin. Fl. June. Britain. PI. 1 to 1| foot. 17 A. CORONA'RIA (Lin. spec. 625.) plant woolly; stems dichotomous; peduncles elongated, 1 -flowered; calyx some- what campanulate, ribbed ; petals emarginate, crowned, serrated ; leaves lanceolate, very broad, leathery. If. H. Native of Italy, Switzerland, and Tauria, by the sides of woods on VOL. i. — PART, v. the Alps. Curt. bot. mag. t. 24. Lychnis coronaria, Lam. diet. 3. p. 643. — Knor. del. 1. t. R. 20. Flowers white, with the middle red. Far. /3, rubra ; flowers single, red. In gardens. Var. y, alba ; flowers single, white. In gardens. Var. S, plena ; flowers double, red. In gardens. Crowned or Common Rose-campion. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1596. PI. 1 to 2 feet. A species not sufficiently known. 18 A. LUSITA'NICA (Mill. diet. no. 8. under Lychnis,) stem erect ; calyx striated, acute ; petals dissected. 1[ . H. Native of Portugal. Portugal Rose-campion. PI. 1 foot. Cult. Some of the species of Agrostemma are very orna- mental, and well adapted for flower-borders. They will all grow freely in any common garden-soil. The perennial species are either increased by dividing at the root or by seed. The seeds of the annual species require only to be sown in the open border where they are intended to remain. X. GITHA GO (from gith or git, a black aromatic seed, which was employed in the kitchens of the Romans. The seeds of the Nigella saliva, which those of Githago much resemble. Ago in botany, when it terminates a word, usually signifies resemblance with the word that precedes it, as gith and ago, resembling gith). Desf. cat. 159. Agrostemma, spec. Lin. Lychnis, spec. Lam. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx campanulate, coriaceous, with 5 long, leafy segments. Petals 5, unguiculate, undivided, naked. Stamens 10. Styles 5. Capsule 1-celled, 5-valved. Anthoghorum wanting. Upright annual plants, with largish red or white flowers, and long leafy calycine teeth. 1 G. SE'GETUM (Desf. cat. p. 159.) plant hairy ; stem dicho- tomous ; flowers on long stalks ; leaves linear ; calyx equal in length to the corolla. O- H. Native among corn in all parts of Europe, and North America around Quebec ; plentiful in Britain. Agrostemma Githago, Lin. spec. 624. Smith, engl. bot. 741. Curt. lond. fasc. 3. t. 27. Martyn, rust. t. 105. Fl. dan. 576. Drevers bilderb. t. 22. Lychnis Githago, Lam. diet. 3. p. 643. — Fusch. hist. 127. icone. Flowers purple, with bluish streaks. This is a very troublesome weed in corn- fields : it should be eradicated by hand before flowering. Corn-cockle. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. 1 to 3 feet. 2 G. NIC^EE'NSIS ; plant hairy ; stem dichotomous ; flowers on long peduncles; calyx longer than the corolla. ©• H. Native in fields about Nice. Lychnis Nicaeensis, Willd. spec. 2. p. 805. Agrostemma Nicaeensis, Pers. ench. 1. p. 519. Flowers white, sometimes streaked with red. Nice Corn-cockle. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1794. PI. 1 to 2 ft. Cult. The seeds of these plants only require to be sown in the open border in spring in patches. The plants are very elegant when in flower. XI. VELE'ZIA (in honour of Franc. Velez, a Spaniard, author of a small book on Cubebes). Lin. gen. no. 448. Gaert. fruct. 2. t. 129. f. 12. D.C. prod. 1. p. 387. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Digynia. Calyx tubular (f. 79. fc.), 5-toothed. Petals 5, short, with filiform claws (f. 79. d.), beard- ed in the throat (f. 79. c.), and with an emarginate border. Sta- mens 10 (f. 79. e.). Styles 2 (f. 79. g.). Capsules 1-celled, long, cylindrical (f. 79. i.). Seed imbricate. Slender prostrate herbs with narrow leaves and long calyxes, like the pink. 3H 418 CARYOPHYLLE^E. XI. VELEZIA. XII. DRYPIS. XIII. VIVIANIA. XIV. ORTEGIA. 1 V. Ri'GiDA(Lin. spec. FIG. 79. 474.) calyx filiform, pu- bescent; petals bifid. ©• H; Native of the South of France and in many other parts of the south of Europe and north of Africa, also the Grecian islands, in corn-fields. Smith, fl. graec. 390. — Bocc. mus. 2. p. 50. t. 45. — Buxb. cent. 2. p. 41. t. 47.— J. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 352. icon. Corolla small, with a rose-coloured border. Stem much branched, prostrate. Rigid Velezia. Fl. July. Clt. 1683. PI. prostrate. 2 V. QUADRIDENTAVTA (Sibth. and Smith, fl. graec. t. 391.) calyx long, clavated, smooth; petals 4-toothed. (•)• H. Na- tive of Asia Minor. V. clavata, D'Urv. enum. pi. archip. 28. no. 234. Petals rose-coloured. Four-toothed-peta\\ed Velezia. Fl. Ju. Jul. PL ^ to ^ foot. Cult. Beautiful little plants, only requiring to be sown in the open border in spring, where they will flower and seed freely. A dry sandy soil suits them best. XII. DRYTIS (from Spmria, drypto, to tear, on account of the leaves being armed with stiff spines). Lin. gen. no. 519. Gsert. fruct. 2. t. 28. f. 12. D. C. prod. 1. p. 388. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Trigynia. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Petals 5, unguiculate, with a 2-parted limb, and furnished each with a bifid appendage in the throat. Stamens 5. Styles 3. Capsules 1 -celled, cut, round, 1- seeded from abortion. An evergreen furze-like plant, with fastigiate corymbs of small, pale-blue flowers. 1 D. SPINOSA (Lin. spec. 390.) ^ • H. Native of Maurita- nia, Italy, and Istria. Jacq. vind. t. 49. Sims, bot. mag. 2216. — Moris, hist. 3. p. 161. sect. 7. t. 32. f. 8. — Lob. icon. 789. Tabern. icon. 144. Stems at first procumbent, 4-sided, flowering stems erect. Leaves stiff, awl-shaped, somewhat trigonal, mucronated. Bracteas with 3 teeth on each side. Flowers corymbose, pale-blue. A beautiful plant, when in flower. Spinose Drypis. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1775. Shrub -J- foot. Cult. This pretty little plant is admirably adapted for orna- menting rock-work ; in this situation it becomes suffruticose, and produces an innumerable quantity of flowers. It may be either increased by cuttings planted in sand under a hand-glass, or by seeds, which should be sown in a pot filled with an equal mix- ture of loam, sand, and peat, and when the plants become of sufficient size they should be separated and planted on the top of rock-work, taking care to water them until they have emitted fresh fibres. XIII. VIVIA'NIA (in honour of Dom. Viviani, M.D. a professor and botanist of Genoa, author of Annali di Botanica, 2 vols. 8vo. Genoa. 1802 and 1804, &c.). Cav. anal, de cienc. 7. p. 212. Macrae a, Lindl. in Brande's journ. scienc. for Jan. April 1828, vol. 35. p. 204. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Trigynia. Calyx campanulate, 5- toothed. Petals 5, inserted in a short torus, unguiculate, per- manent, twisted in aestivation. Stamens 10, inserted on the top of the torus. Style short, crowned by 3 linear stigmas, with reflexed margins. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved. Valves separating from the axis even to the placenta, as in Linece. Dry shrubs, natives of Chili, with opposite exstipulate leaves, 1 covered with simple down. Flowers disposed in terminal, co- rymbose panicles, they are either white or red. 1 V. GRANDIFLORA ; leaves grey and glandular beneath with prominent veins ; branches pubescent ; peduncles shorter than the leaves. Tj . G. Native of Chili near Santiago. Macrae'a grandiflora, Lindl. I.e. Hook. bot. misc. pt. 2. p. 175. Flowers white or red. Great-flowered Viviania. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 2 V. PARVIFLORA ; leaves white and glandular beneath, with obscure veins ; branches cob webbed ; peduncles shorter than the leaves. T? . G. Native of Chili with the last. Macrae1 a parviflora. Lindl. 1. c. Hook, bot. misc. pt. 2. p. 176. Flowers white. Small-lowered Viviania. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 3 V. MARIFO'LIA (Cav. anal, de cien. 7. p. 212. t. 49.) leaves distant, white, and glandless beneath ; branches pubescent ; peduncles elongated, fy . G. Native of Chili on the Andes at the pass of Cumbre. Macrae' a rosea, Lindl. 1. c. Hook, bot. misc. pt. 2. p. 176. t. 50. Flowers rose-coloured. M arum-leaved Viviania. Fl. Nov. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 4 V. CRENA'TA ; leaves deeply-crenate, with reflexed margins, whitish-tomentose beneath ; flowers sub-corymbose ; petals white. \i . G. Native of Chili on the Andes near La Guardia, at the height of 5000 feet. Macrae'a crenata, Hook. bot. misc. 2. p. 177. Crenate-leaved Viviania. PL 1 foot. Cult. The species of this genus are very ornamental, but none of them have been introduced to the gardens. A mixture of loam and sand will no doubt suit them, and the plants may be either increased by young cuttings under a hand-glass, or by seeds. TRIBE II. ALSI'NE^: (plants agreeing with Alslne in having the calyx cleft to the base) D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 166. prod. 1. p. 388. Sepals of calyx 4 or 5, free, or hardly connected at the base. XIV. ? ORTE'GIA (in honour of Casimir Gomez de Ortega, a Spanish botanist, once professor of botany at Madrid). Lin. gen. no. 33. Gsert. fruct. 2. t. 129. f. 8. D. C. prod. 1. p. 388. LIN. SYST. Tridndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla wanting. Stamens 3 ; anthers cordate. Style 1. Stigma capitate. Capsules 1 -celled, 3-valved. Seeds fixed to the' bottom of the capsule. — The leaves are furnished with a small black gland on each side at the base. Inconspicuous, weed-like plants. 1 O. HISPA'NICA (Lin. spec. 49.) stems dichotomous, pedun- cles short ; flowers dichotomously-corymbose. I/ . H. Native of Spain in the provinces of Castile and Salamanca. Flowers greenish-grey. Spanish Ortegia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1768. PL 4 foot. 2 O. DICHO'TOMA (Lin. mant. 174.) stems dichotomous ; pe- duncles elongated; flowers dichotomously-panicled. If.. H. Native of Piedmont and Spain. O. Hispanica, Cav. icon. 1. p. 47. All. ped. str. t. 4. f. 1. O. dichotoma of D. C. fl. fr. 4. no. 4376 is perhaps a distinct species. Flowers greenish. Dichotomous-panided Ortegia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1820. PL 1 foot. Cult. Ortegia is a genus of insignificant looking herbaceous plants, consequently not worth cultivating, except in botanical gardens. They should be grown in pots, well drained with potsherds, in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat, or on rock- work ; they are easily increased by seeds, and cuttings will root freely under a hand-glass. CARYOPHYLLE^;. XV. GOUFFEIA. XVI. BUFFONIA. XVII. SAGINA. 419 XV. GOU'FFEIA (in honour of Gouffe de la Cour, who wrote a memoir on the exotic vegetables naturalized at Mar- seilles in 1818). Robill. et Cast. diss. ined. D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 609. prod. 1. p. 388. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted, spreading. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 10. Style 2. Capsules globose, 1-celled, 2-valved, 1-2-seeded. An inelegant herb like Arendria tenuifolia or Biiffonia tenuifblia. 1 G. ARENARIOI'DES (Rob. et Cast. 1. c. &c.) branches diva- ricating ; flowers somewhat corymbose ; leaves linear, short, deflexed. 0. H. Native about Marseilles. Flowers white. Sand-wort-like GoufFeia. Fl. June, July. PI. | foot. Cult. Gouffeia only requires to be sown on rock-work, or in the open border, where it will flower and ripen seed freely, but being a weed-looking plant it will be scarcely worth culti- vating, except in botanical gardens. XVI. BUFFO' NI A (in honor of Count de Buffon, the cele- brated French naturalist). Sauv. meth. fol. 141. Lin. gen. no. 225. Gsert. fruct. 2. p. 129;f. 1. D. C. prod. 1. p. 388. LIN. SYST. Tetrtindria, Digynia. Calyx of 4 sepals. Petals 4, entire. Stamens 4. Styles 2. Capsules compressed, 1- celled, 2-valved, 2-seeded. Insignificant slender herbs, with awl-shaped leaves, like some species of Arenaria. 1 B. A'NNUA (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 768.) stem loosely panicled from the base ; branches divaricating, short, firm ; stripes on calyx straight, parallel ; capsules scarcely equal in length to the calyx ; leaves awl-shaped, dilated at the base. Q. H. Native of the south of France on rocks ; said to have been found in England on the sea-coast about Boston in Lincolnshire. B. tenuifolia, Lin. spec. 179. Lam. ill. no. 1710. t. 87. f. 1. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1313. — Pluk. phyt. t. 75. f. 3. — Magn. hort. monsp. 97. t. 15. A slender plant with small white petals. Annual BufFonia. Fl. June, July. England? PL -| to ^ ft. 2 B. OLIVERIA'NA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 388.) stem branching at the top ; branches filiform, elongated ; stripes on the calyx straight, parallel ; capsules almost sessile, shorter than the calyx ; leaves very short, form of scales. Q ? H. Native about Teheran in Persia. A slender plant, with small, white petals. Olivier's Buffonia. Fl. June, July. PI. | to % foot. 3 B. MACROCA'RPA (Ser. mss. in D.C. prod. 1. p. 388.) stem very much branched, dichotomous ; branches filiform, rigid, very long, almost naked, and divaricating ; sepals ovate, obtuse ; stripes on calyx straight, parallel ; capsules on long stalks, large, much longer than the calyx ; seeds somewhat globose, com- pressed, echinated on the margins. Ij. . F. Native of Persia from Teheran to Ispahan. Flowers small, white. Long-fruited Burfonia. Fl. June, July. PI. |- to -J foot. 4 B. PERE'NNIS (Pour. act. toul. 3. p. 319.) stem branching at the top ; branches filiform, elongated ; stripes on calyx arched, converging. I/ . H. Native of France and Vallais. Lam. ill. no. 1711. t. 87. f. 2. Flowers small, white. Perennial Buffonia. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1817. Pl.|to|ft. Cult. Both the perennial and annual species of this genus can only be encreased by seeds ; they only require to be sown in the open border or on rock-work, but being weedy looking plants, they are hardly worth cultivating, except in botanical gardens or in those of the curious. A dry sandy soil suits them best. A plant or two of the perennial species should be kept in pots, so that they may be sheltered by a frame during winter, as they are otherwise apt to damp off in that season. XVII. SAGI'NA (sagina, in Latin, signifies fatness ; accord- ing to Linnaeus it is so called for its qualities in fattening sheep). Lin. gen. no. 236. Gsert. fr. 2. p. 129. f. 10. D.C. prod. 1. p. 389. LIN. . SYST. Tetra-Pentandria, Tetragynia. Calyx 4-5- parted. Petals 4-5, or wanting. Stamens 4-5. Styles 4. Capsules 4-5-valved, 1-celled, many-seeded. Small insignificant herbs. 1 S. PROCU'MBENS (Lin. spec. 185.) plant glabrous; branches procumbent ; leaves linear, mucronated ; fruit-bearing peduncles, ascending ; petals short, obtuse ; segments of calyx rounded. ©. H. Native on sandy ground, or the walks and beds of neglected gardens, as well as on shady walls and gravelly banks, every where throughout Europe ; on the north-west coast of America, and on the banks of the Columbia. In Britain plenti- ful'. Smith, engl. bot. t. 88. Curt. lond. fasc. 3. t. 12. Plant spreading on the ground. Flowers drooping, with white round- ish petals. Var. /3, plena ; a pretty variety, with rose-like white double flowers, of from 27 to 32 petals. This plant was formerly culti- vated in some curious gardens, but is now, we believe, altogether lost. "H.. H. Native on a green near Beaumaris, in Wales. Rev. H. Davis, July, 1817. Procumbent Pearlwort. Fl. May, Aug. Britain. PL pro- cumbent. 2 S. FILIFO'RMIS (Pourr. chlor. hisp. no. 593.) stems erect, much branched, jointed ; leaves linear, glabrous ; peduncles axil- lary and terminal, dichotomous. 0. H. Native of the Pyre- nees, growing mixed with S. procumbens. Rcem. et Schult. syst. S. p. 499. Petals white. Filiform Pearlwort. FL May, Aug. Clt. 1824. PL | to i foot. 3 S. MARI'TIMA (G. Don, herb. brit. 155.) plant smooth ; branches erectish ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, very short ; fruit- bearing peduncles ascending ; petals none ; segments of calyx ovate, obtuse. ©. H. Native of Britain: on the coast near Aberdeen, and on the summit of Ben Nevis ; at Bally Castle, near the Giant's Causeway, Ireland ; on Hartle-pier, Durham ; in salt marshes at Southwold, Suffolk, abundantly. Smith, engl. bot. t. 2195. Curt. fl. lond. t. 115. Petals abortive or entirely wanting. Stamens sometimes 8. Sea-side Pearlwort. Fl. May, Aug. Britain. PL 2 to 3 inches. 4 S. STRI'CTA (Fries, novit. fl. suec. 3. p. 122.) plant very glabrous ; stems and peduncles straight ; leaves rather cylindri- cal, not mucronated; lobes of calyx lanceolate, acute (obtuse according to Horn, in hort. hafn. suppl. p. 122.) ©. H. Na- tive of Denmark and Sweden at Cimbrishavn, by the sea-side. Petals white. Straight Pearlwort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1823. PL 2 or 3 inches. 5 S. CILIA' TA (Fries, in Billb. svensk. bot. ex Spreng. neue. entd. 3. p. 220.) stem diffuse ; leaves awl-shaped, spreading, ciliated ; segment of calyx acuminated. © ? H. Native of Swe- den. Petals white. Ciliated-leaved Pearlwort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. ? PL 1 to 2 inches. 6 S. APE'TALA (Lin. mant. p. 559.) plant hispid, pubescent ; branches erectish,dichotomous; leaves linear,fringed, mucronated; fruit-bearing peduncles ascending ; petals very short, roundish ; segments of calyx lanceolate, bluntish. 0. H. Native on dry sandy barren grounds on walls and waste places ; very common in Britain, Italy, and Germany. Smith, engl. bot. t. 881. Curt, lond. fasc. 5. t. 14. Arduin. specel. 2. p. 22. t. 8. f. 1. The petals when present are white, not half the length of the calyx. Var. j3, agglomerata (D. C. prod. 1. p. 389.) flowers sessile and stalked, glomerated. Apetalous Pearlwort. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. 1 or 2 inches. 3 H 2 420 CARYOPHYLLE^E. XVIII. MOZNCHIA. XIX. HYMENELLA. XX. MOEHRINGIA. XXI. ELATING. 7 S. QUITE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 19.) stems filiform, procumbent ? leaves rather falcate ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, bearing 4 bracteas above the middle ; fruit- bearing peduncles straight, elongated ; flowers apetalous, some- what drooping. ©. H. Native of South America on the sandy banks of Rio Blanco at the height of 4800 feet. Valves of cap- sule revolute. Quito Pearlwort. Fl. May, Aug. PI. trailing. 8 S. FASCICULA'TA (Poir. diet. 6. p. 390.) stems creeping, rooting, jointed ; branches somewhat erect ; leaves secund in bundles; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered. ^.H. Native about Algiers. Very like S. procumbens. Calyx glabrous, with short oval, obtuse, spreading lobes, which are reflexed after flowering. Petals white. Bundle-leaved Pearlwort. Fl. May, Aug. PI. 1 to 3 inches. Cult. None of the species of this genus are worth cultivating except the double-flowering variety of S. procumbens and S. fasciculata : both should be kept in small pots well drained with potsherds, in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and the best way of increasing them is by dividing the plants at the roots. The rest of the species are only worth preserving in Botanical gardens ; they require no care, but if once introduced to the garden, it will be hereafter quite impossible to extirpate them. XVIII. M(E'NCHIA (in honour of Conrad Moench, a profes- sor of botany at Marburgh, who wrote several botanical works between the years 1777 and 1802.) Ehrh. beitr. fasc. 2. 177. Pers. ench. 1. p. 153. LIN. sysT. Tet tindria, Digynia. Calyx of 4 sepals. Petals 4. Stamens 4. Capsules membranous, 1-valved, 1 -celled, opening at the summit with 8, occasionally, 10 teeth, many- seeded. Seed kidney-shaped. Small plants, with the habit of S. Cerdstium. 1 M. ERE'CTA (Smith, engl. fl. 1. p. 241.) glaucous; stems erect, 1 -flowered, glabrous; leaves linear, acute; peduncles straight ; petals short ; sepals lanceolate, concave, acute, with membranous edges. Q. H. Native in pastures and heathy ground on a gravelly soil, in most parts of Europe ; also in Bri- tain. M. glauca, Pers. ench. 1. p. 153. M. quaternella, Ehrh. phyt. 82. Sagina erecta, Lin. spec. 185. Smith, engl. bot. t. 609. Curt. lend. fasc. 2. t. 12. — Vaill. par. t. 3. f. 2. Petals white. Upright Moenchia, Fl. May. Britain. PI. -| to i foot. 2 M. CERASTOIDES (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 497.) green and pilose ; stem diffuse, dichotomous, branched ; leaves spatulate or ob- ovate, recurved ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, reflexed after flowering ; petals emarginate ; sepals lanceolate, acute, with mem- branous margins. I/ . H. Native of Scotland on rocks about the Firth of Forth, and in many places about Edinburgh. Flowers small, white. Sagina cerastoides, Smith in Lin. trans, vol. 2. p. 343. Cerastium tetrandrum, Curt. lond. fasc. 1. t. 31. Chickneed-like Mccnchia. Fl. Ju. July. Britain. PI. trailing. Cult. Chickweed-looking plants, which may be sown on rock-work, and may be afterwards allowed to scatter their seeds. XIX. HYMENE'LLA (a diminutive of v//i/c, hymen, a membrane, on account of the thin little petaloid crown at the base of the petals.) Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 389. Lm. SYST. Tetrdndria, Trigynia. Calyx 4-parted, spreading, Petals 4, oblong, entire, length of the calyx. Stamens 4, alter- nating with the petals, connected at the base by an 8-toothed petaloid little crown. Ovary ovate. Styles 3. Capsules 3- celled. An insignificant looking plant, like Moehringia. 1 H. MOEHRINGIOI'DES (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. icon, in D. C, prod. 1. p. 390.) I/. F. Native of Mexico in gardens. P. Carmelitarum, Sancti Angeli, BufFonia tenuifolia, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. icon. Stems weak ; leaves linear, acute, glabrous; pedicels solitary, 1 -flowered, axillary; flowers small, white. Moehringia-like Hymenella. PI. \ foot. Cult. This plant should be kept in pots in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat, and placed in a green-house or frame during winter. It may be either increased by seeds or by dividing the plants at the root, but it is not worth cultivating except in bo- tanical gardens. XX. MOEHRI'NGIA (in honour of Paul Henry Gerard Moehring, a German physician, author of Hortus Proprius, 1736.) Lin. gen. 264. Gsert.fruct. 226. 1. 129. f. 11. D. C. prod. 1. p. 390. LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Digynia. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. Stamens 8. Styles 2. Capsules 4-valyed, 1 -celled, many- seeded. Pretty alpine plants, with the habit of Arenaria. 1 M. MUSCOSA (Lin. spec. p. 515.) leaves linear, connate; segments of calyx flat, lanceolate, acute ; flowers axillary, soli- tary. I/ . H. Native of Europe in humid parts of moun- tains at the margins of woods. Lam. ill. t. 314. Schkuhr. handb. 1. t. 108. Flowers small, white. Mossy Moehringia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1775. PI. \ foot. 2 M. SEDIFOLIA (Willd. berl. mag. 1818. p. 101. t. 3. f. 23.) leaves oblong, obtuse, convex on both surfaces, fleshy, somewhat imbricated ; flowers terminal, solitary. I/ . H. Native of the Alps of Tenda. M. muscosa, var. Balb. misc. bot. 20. t. 5. f. 2. M. musc6sa sedoides, Pers. ench. 1. p. 438. Flowers like those of M. muscosa, but a little smaller. Sedum-leated Moehringia. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1823, PI. ^ ft. 3 S. STRI'CTA (Sibth. and Smith, fl. graec. t. 362.) leaves strict, scariose, and ciliated at the base, shorter than the joints of the stem. I/ . H. Native of Candia. Flowers small, white. Strict-leaved Moehringia. Fl. June, July. PI. -J. foot. Cult. These pretty little alpine plants are well adapted for rock-work or to be grown in small pots. A mixture of sand, loam, and peat suits those grown in the latter way ; and the best method of increasing them is by dividing the plants at the root. XXI. ELA'TINE (from tXart), elate, a fir in Greek. Its fine leaves have been compared to those of a fir-tree.) Lin. gen. no. 685. Gsert. fruct. 2. p. 142. t. 102. f. 2. D. C. prod. 1. p. 390. LIN. SYST. Tri-Octdndria, Tetragynia. Calyx 3-5-parted. Petals 3-4, not unguiculate. Stamens equal in number with the petals, and double that number, therefore either 3-4 or 6-8. Styles 4, capitate at the top. Capsules 4-valved, 4-celled, many-seeded. Seeds cylindrical. Small creeping plants, with insignificant flesh-coloured flowers. 1 E. HYDRO'PIPER (Lin. spec. 572.) leaves opposite ; flowers alternate, stalked, octandrous, 4-petalled. T£. H. Native in inundated places almost throughout the whole of France. E. hydropiper var. a, Lin. spec. p. 527. D. C. icon. pi. rar. 1. p. 13. t. 43. f. 2. — Vaill. bot. paris, t. 2. f. 2. Flowers rose-coloured. Water-pepper Waterwort. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 2 to 3 inches. 2 E. HEXA'NDRA (B.C. icon. pi. rar. 1. p. 14. t. 43. f. 1.) leaves opposite ; flowers alternate, stalked, hexandrous, 3-petal- led. T/. H. Native of inundated places about Paris. E. hydropiper var. /3, Lin. spec. 527. — Vaill. Paris, bot. t. 2. f. 1. Tillaeahexandra, Lapierre, journ. phys. fl. an. xi. Birolia palu- dosa, Bell. mem. acad. tur. 1808. icone. Flowers rose-coloured. Hexandrous Waterwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? PI. 2 inches. 3 E. TRIPE'TALA (Smith, engl. fl. 2. p. 243.) leaves opposite, rough, with minute points ; flowers alternate, stalked, octan- drous, 3-petalled. 1£. H. Native on the margins of ponds and ditches, in a sandy soil, about the eastern shore of Bomere pool, near Candover, Shropshire, and near Bingfield, Berks. E. CARYOPHYLLE^;. XXI. EIATINE. XXII. BERGIA. XXIII. MOLLUQO. 421 hydropiper, Smith, engl. bot. t. 955. Petals roundish, slightly pointed, concave, inflexed, reddish or pale flesh-coloured, smaller than the calyx. Anthers yellow. Three-petalled Waterwort. Fl. July, Aug. England. PI. 2 or 3 inches. 4 E. TRIA'NDKA (Schkuhr. handb. no. 1023. t. 109. b. f. 2.) leaves opposite ; flowers sessile, and opposite, triandrous, 3- petalled. I/ . H. Native of inundated places about Ratisbon. Flowers and seeds rose-coloured. Triandrous Waterwort. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 2 or 3 inches. 5 E. ALSINA'STRUM (Lin. spec. 527.) leaves in whorls ; flowers sessile, and disposed in whorls. % . H. Native about Paris and in fountains at Fontainebleau. — Vaill. bot. paris, 1. f. 6. E. verticillata, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 11. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 772. Habit of Hippuris vulgaris — Pitamopitys, Buxb.act. petrop. t. 1. f. 6. Chickrveed-like Waterwort. Fl. June, Aug. PI. •£ foot. Cult. Eldtine is a genus of singular water plants. They all grow under water except E. tripetala, which grows by the sides of ponds ; therefore they should all be planted or sown in ponds except the latter species, which should be planted on the borders of a pond or canal, where they should be allowed to increase themselves. A sandy or gravelly bottom suits them best. Ripe seeds are easily transported in a vegetative state from the places of their natural growth, or plants may be introduced. XXII. BE'RGIA (in honour of Peter Jonas Bergius, once professor of natural history at Stockholm, who wrote several botanical works between 1757 and 1780, particularly upon mosses and plants of the Cape of Good Hope.) Lin. gen. no. 791. D. C. prod. 1. p. 390. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 10. Styles 5, approximate. Capsules 5-valved, 5-celled. 1 B. VERTICILLA'TA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 770.) leaves lanceo- late, denticulated at the apex ; flowers in whorls, almost sessile, much crowded. O ? H. Native of Egypt in rice-fields about Rosetta and Damiata ; also in the East Indies, but not at the Cape of Good Hope. B. Capensis, Lin. mant. 241. Elatine luxurians, Del. fl. segypt. p. 13. t. 26. f. 1. Flowers red or whitish. W7iorJ-flowered Bergia. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. PL 1 foot. 2 B. GLOMERA'TA (Lin. fil. suppl. 243.) leaves ovate, crenu- lated ; flowers glomerate. © ? H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. prod. 82. Flowers whitish. Glomerate-fiowered Bergia. PI. -5- foot. 3 B. RE' PENS (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea, 1. p. 645.) stem branched and creeping ; leaves lanceolate, serrated ; flowers glomerate, on short peduncles, axillary. I/ ? S. Native of Java. Creeping Bergia. PI. creeping. 4 B. AMMANIOI'DES (Roth. nov. pi. spec. 219.) stem branched, rough from capitate bristles ; leaves elliptical; acute, sharply and deeply serrated, silvery-tomentose on the under surface ; flowers axillary, stalked, glomerate, pentandrous. O- S. Na- tive of the East Indies. Corolla white. Ammania-like Bergia. Fl. July. PI. \ foot. Cult. All the species of this genus are inhabitants of moist places, such as rice-fields, which are irrigated the greater part of the year, consequently they will require to be kept in similar situations in gardens, where they will ripen their seed. None of them are worth cultivating, unless in botanic gardens. XXIII. MOLLU'GO (the Roman name of what is supposed to be our Galium Mollugo, which many of the species of this genus resemble in their whorled leaves and inconspicuous appearance.) Lin. gen. no. 139. Gasrt. fruct. t. 130. f. 8. LIN. SYST. Tridndria, Trigynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals none or very small. Stamens 3. Styles 3. Capsules 3-valved, 5-celled, many-seeded. Leaves in whorls, rarely opposite. In- significant plants, with 1 or many-flowered peduncles. * Peduncles \-Jlorvered, in whorls. 1 M. OPPOSITIFOLIUM (Lin. spec. 131.) leaves opposite, lan- ceolate; branches alternate, dichotomous ; peduncles lateral, crowded. O- S. Native of Ceylon. — Pluk. phyt. t. 75. f. 6. Peduncles almost the length of the leaves, in whorls. Flowers white. Plant smooth, diffuse. Opposite-leaved Mollugo. Fl. July, Aug. PL ^ foot. 2 M. HI'RTA (Thunb. prod. p. 24. fl. cap. 1. p. 444.) plant decumbent; leaves obovate, villous, 4 in a whorl, stalked; flowers in whorls on very short stalks. O- F. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Hairy Mollugo. FL July. PL decumbent. 3 M. VERTICILLA'TA (Lin. spec. 131.) leaves in whorls, un- equal, obovately wedge-shaped, acute ; stem decumbent, dicho- tomous ; peduncles 1 -flowered, in whorls. (•)• S. Native of South America in Brazil, and near Cumana on the sea-shore, as well as in Virginia, and on the banks of the Columbia in North America. Rcetn. et Schult. syst. 2. p. 871. — Pluk. phyt. 4. t. 332. f. 5. — Ehret. pict. t. 6. f. 3. A decumbent plant, with fleshy leaves. Whorl-leaved Mollugo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1748. PL de- cumbent. 4 M. SCHRA'NKII (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 391.) leaves in whorls, rather linear, acute; stem dichotomous, diffuse; pe- duncles 1-flowered, few in a whorl. ©. S. Native of Brazil and Guiana. M. dichotoma, Schrank. pi. rar. 64. icon, exclu- sive of the synonyme of Lin. fil. Very like M. verticillata, but differs in the leaves being narrower and longer ; and flowers 1 -3, rising from each whorl of leaves. Flowers white. Schrank' s Mollugo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. PL | to £ ft. • * Peduncles umbellate or racemose. 5 M. STRI'CTA (Lin. spec. 131.) leaves usually 4 in a whorl, lanceolate, radical ones spatulate ; branches panicled, dichoto- mous, nodding ; stem erect, angular ; capsule equal in length to the calyx. ©. S. Native of Asia, Java, &c. — Pluk. aim. p. 21. t. 257. f. 2. — Burm. zeyl. 31. t. 5. f. 3. Flowers nodding. Upright-stemmed Mollugo. PL -| foot. 6 M. PENTAPHY'LLA (Lin. spec. 131.) leaves usually 5 in a whorl, obovate, glabrous ; flowers panicled ; stems decumbent. O ? S. Native of Ceylon. — Burm. zeyl. 13. t. 8. f. 1. Leaves 3-4-5 in a whorl, dark-green. Peduncles axillary, very long, panicled. Five-leaved Mollugo. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PL procumbent. 7 M. NUDICAU'LIS (Lam. diet. 4. p. 234.) radical leaves ob- long, numerous, obovate, crowded ; scapes trichotomously-pani- cled, decumbent, naked. 0 1 F. Native of the East Indies. — Burm. zeyl. 14. t. 8. f. 2. Radical leaves glaucous, green, large. Flowers cream-coloured. Seeds very black. (Burm.) Naked-stemmed Mollugo. Fl. June, July. PL decumbent. 8 M. RADIA'TA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 48.) stems pro- cumbent, leafy ; branches panicled ; leaves obovate, acuminated. 0. H. Native of Chili in inundated places about Conception. — Roem. et Schult. 2. p. 872 — Pluk. phyt. t. 118. f. 1. Radiated Mollugo. PL procumbent. 9 M. ARENA' RIA (H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 21.) plant glabrous ; stems dichotomous, diffuse, round ; leaves 5 in a whorl, linear-spatulate, obsoletely 1-nerved, 4-times shorter than the spaces of the stem between the leaves ; umbels of flowers almost sessile, generally 5 or 6-flowered. O- H, 422 CARYOPHYLLEjE. XXIII. MOLLUOO. XXIV. PHARNACEUM. Native of Buenos Ayres, and in a sandy island in the river Apures near El Diamante. Stamens 3, shorter than the calyx. Sand Mollugo. PL | to ^ foot. 10 M. TRIPHY'LLA (Lour. fl. coch. ed. Willd. 1. p. 79, but not of Link.) stems diffuse ; branches ternate ; leaves 3 in a whorl, lanceolate, sessile ; flowers dicliotomous, on long stalks ; peduncles branched at the apex. O ? H. Native of China about Canton, and the island of Manilla. Three-leaved Mollugo. Fl. July. PI. \ to | foot. 11 M. LI'NKII (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 392.) stem erectish ; leaves 3 in a whorl, large ; panicles of flowers terminal and lateral. O- S. Native of Brazil. M. triphylla, Link, enum. 1. p. 108. but not of Lour. Leaves acute, glabrous. Link's Mollugo. Fl. July. Clt. 1821. PI. | to i foot. 12 M. GLINOI'DES (St..Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 171. t. 109.) stem diffuse, trailing ; leaves spatulate, tomentose ; flowers sessile, fascicled ; stamens 3-5. ©. H. Native of Brazil on the banks of the Uruguay. Glinus-like Mollugo. Fl. Jan. Sept. PI. prostrate. Cult. The species of the genus Mollugo are all weed-like plants, therefore not worth cultivating unless in botanic gardens. The seed should be sown in pots in any common soil, and the pots placed in the hot-bed, and in June they may be removed into the green-house, or planted out in the open border in a sheltered situation, where they will probably ripen seed. XXIV. PHARNA'CEUM (an historical name. Pharnaces, king of Pontus, is said to have first used it in medicine.) Lin. gen. no. 517. Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 130. f. 4. Mollugo, sect. 2. Pharnaceum, D. C. prod. 1 . p. 39. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Trig^nia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals very small or wanting. Stamens 5. Styles 3. Capsule 3- valved, 3-celled, many-seeded. Small herbaceous or shrubby plants. Leaves opposite or in whorls. * Peduncles bifid, racemose, or umbelliferous. 1 P. BELLIDIFOLIUM (Poir. diet. 5. p. 262.) stems erect, leaf- less ; radical leaves rosulate, spatulate, tapering into, the footstalk at the base ; flowers corymbosely panicled. Q. S. Native of the West Indies and Guiana in waste ground and sandy places. Mollugo bellidifolia, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 391. — Plum, amer. t. 21. f. 1. Flowers white. Daisy-leaved Pharnaceum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. i foot. 2 P. PARVIFLORUM (Roth. nov. pi. spec. p. 186.) leaves ovate, obtuse, strigose on the under surface ; umbels lateral ; stems herbaceous, ascending. 0. S. Native of the East Indies. Mollugo parviflora, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 391. Small-flowered Pharnaceum. Fl. June, July. PI. \ foot. 3 P. DI'STICHUM (Lin. mant. p. 221.) leaves almost linear, pubescent ; racemes 2-parted, flexuous. Q. S. Native of the East Indies and the Cape of Good Hope. Mollugo disticha, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 392. M. racemosa, Lam. ill. no. 1197. — Pluk. phyt. 3. p. 22. t. 130. f. b. Distich Pharnaceum. Fl. June, July. PI. f foot. 4 P. CORDIFOLIUM (Lin. amcen. 6. p. 85.) stems decumbent ; leaves 4 in a whorl, obversely cordate, mucronated ; ,corymbs axillary and terminal, dichotomous ; flowers solitary in the forks. O. F. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. hort. schcenbr. t. 349. Mollugo cordifolia, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 392. Petals white, shorter than the sepals. Heart-leaved Pharnaceum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. decumbent. 5 P. MULTIFLORUM (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 392. under stems diffuse, dichotomous ; leaves in whorls, lanceo- late, unequal ; flowers distich, panicled, numerous. O- F. Na- tive of China. Flowers white. Perhaps a species of Mollugo. • Many-flowered Pharnaceum. PI. -y foot. 6 P. DICHO'TOMUM (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 186.) smooth ; stems flexuous ; leaves 9 or more in a whorl, linear ; peduncles axil- lary, elongated, dichotomous. ©. F. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Rcem. et Schult. syst. 6. p. 689. Mollugo dichotoma, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 392. Z)/cAo£-shaped-sepalled Stitchwort. PI. diffuse. 57 S. DAHU'KICA (Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 195.) leaves lanceolate, very entire, sessile, acute, pubescent at the base as well as the stems ; flowers axillary, solitary ; pe- duncles twice the length of the leaves. I/ ? H. Native of Da- huria. Very like S. dtffusa, but the leaves are broader and the flowers solitary and larger. Petals white. Dahurian Stitchwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PL | ft. 58 S. MOSQUE'NSIS (Bieb. in Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 195.) leaves linear-awl-shaped, shorter than the spaces of the stems between the leaves ; flowers in panicles. if. 1 H. Native of Russia near Moscow. Petals white. Moscow Stitchwort. PI. f foot ? 59 S. sERi-YLLiroLiA (Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 26.) stems much branched, procumbent; leaves on short footstalks, ovate, acute, and somewhat mucronate, rounded at the base, thickish, with the margin as well as the middle nerve on the under surface ciliated ; calyx pubescent ; ovary con- taining about 25 seeds. }/ . H. Native of South America in the frigid plains of mount Antisana at the height of 6300 feet. Flowers white, generally terminal. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 25. Wild-Thyme-leaved Stitchwort. PI. procumbent. 60 S. RECURVA'TA (Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 196.) stems diffuse ; leaves stalked, ovate-oblong, acute, mucronated, 1 -nerved, thickish, keeled, recurved ; nerve on the under surface, hairy ; calyx glabrous ; ovary containing about 40 seeds. 7£. H. Native of New Granada in cold places at the height of 3180 feet. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec, amer. 6. p. 26. Flowers white. Recurved-leaved Stitchwort. PI. J foot. 61 S. OVAVTA (Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 196.) stems diffuse, rather pilose; leaves stalked, somewhat rhomboidal, ovate, acute and somewhat mucronate, membran- aceous, ciliated ; fruit-bearing peduncles diverging, reflexed ; hairy at the base ; capsules containing about 20 seeds. If. . H. Native of South America in shady places near Caripe. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 26. S. ciliata, Willd. herb, ex Kunth, 1. c. Petals white. Ocafe-leaved Stitchwort. PI. procumbent. 62 S. ELONGA'TA (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 289.) stem diffuse, procumbent, pubescent ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, mucronulate ; peduncles lateral, solitary, very long ; flowers apetalous. If. 1 H. Native of Carolina and Georgia. Elongated-peAuncled Stitchwort. PI. procumbent. 63 S. LONGIFO'LIA (Muhlenb. in Willd. enum. p. 479. but not of Fries.) leaves linear, acute ; panicle terminal ; petals acute, 2-parted, shorter than the calyx. If.? H. Native of Pennsyl- vania. Petals white, Long-leaved Stitchwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PI. ? 64 S. MURA'LIS (Link. enum. 1. p. 459.) plant covered with glandular pubescence ; leaves ovate, fleshy, tapering into the footstalk at the base ; petals cut, scarcely longer than the calyx. 0. H. Native of Crete. Arenaria muralis, Sieb. cret. exsic. Sepals acute, nervous. This is an intermediate plant between Slellaria and Arenaria. Petals white. Wall Stitchwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI. procum- bent. 65 S. RADI'CANS (Lapeyr. fl. pyr. t. 93. ex abr. p. 250.) stems terete, prostrate, rooting, many-flowered ; leaves elliptical, ob- tuse, shining, cauline ones leaning to one side ; peduncles diva- ricating ; sepals linear, obtuse, twice as long as the petals ; capsules pear-shaped. l/.H. Native of the Pyrenees. Petals white. Roofing-stemmed Stitchwort. PI. prostrate. 66 S. RUPE'STRIS (Scop. fl. earn. 1. p. 317. 1. 18. f. 1.) leaves flat, 3-nerved on the under surface ; stems villous, few-flowered ; petals ovate, acuminated, shorter than the calyx. If. ? H. Native of the alps of Carniola. Petals white. Rock Stitchwort. PI. trailing. 67 S. E'LEGANS (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 400.) stems prostrate at the base ; leaves elliptical, small, glabrous ; flowers dichotomously panicled ; peduncles twice as long as the calyx, rather downy ; sepals lanceolate, acute, smoothish, with some- what membranaceous margins ; petals twice the length of the calyx. 2£.H. Native of Siberia and the Altaian mountains. Cerastium elegans, Fisch. in litt. Petals white. Elegant Stitchwort. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. prostrate. 68 S. LO'NGIPES (Goldie. plant, canad. in edinb. phil. journ. apr. 1822.) plant very smooth; leaves linear-lanceolate; pe- duncles terminal, dichotomously branched, furnished with brae- teas ; pedicels very long ; petals broad, obovate, 2-parted, hardly longer than the sepals, which are 3-nerved. $ ? H. Native of North America in woods near Lake Ontaria, and about Mackenzie River and Bear Lake. Petals white. Long-pedicelled Stitchwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. | foot. Cull. None of the species of Stellaria are worth cultivating for ornament except the S. Holostea, which makes a very pretty border-flower. Most of the species require to be grown in moist shady situations, several of the smaller kinds require to be grown in pots in a mixture of loam and sand, particularly S. scapigera and S. cerastiotdes, Sec. The perennial herba- ceous species are easily increased by dividing the plants at the root ; and the annual ones only require to be sown in the open border. None of the species require any particular care. The South American kinds require shelter during winter. XXXII. ARENAVRIA (from arena, sand, in which most of the species are found). Lin. gen. no. 774. Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 130. f. 9. D. C. prod. 1. p. 400. LIN. SYST. Penta-Dec&ndria, Trigynia. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 10, or from abortion fewer. Styles 3. Capsules 1 -celled, opening by 3 or 6 teeth at the apex, many-seeded. Small grassy or chickweed-looking alpine plants without stipulas. §1. Leaves grassy. 1 A. GRAMINIFO'LIA (Schrad. hort. gcet. t. 5. neu. journ. 1810. 2. p. 139.) stems erect, simple; leaves long, awl-shaped, fili- form, scabrous on the margins from serratures ; panicle tricho- tomous, pubescent, lax ; sepals very blunt, 6 times shorter than the obovate petals. 1£. H. Native of Caucasus in fields. Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. no. 852. A. filifolia, Bieb. fl. taur. no. 852. p. 344. but not of Vahl. Flowers white. Var. jj, glaberrima (D. C. prod. 1. p. 402.) panicle glabrous, many-flowered ; flowers larger, A. graminifolia, Willd. enum. p. 481. ex Bieb. 1. c. Flowers white. Grass-leaved Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PL ^ to | foot. 2 A. LONGIFO' LIA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 345. suppl. 308.) leaves awl-shaped, filiform, serrulated ; stems erect, simple ; panicle trichotomous, glabrous, crowded ; sepals ovate, obtuse, not half the length of the obovate petals. l/.H. Native of Siberia on the Lower Volga. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 157. no. 65. t. 63. f. 2. Very like A. graminifolia, but the flowers are smaller, and more numerous, and the sepals are narrower and keeled. Flowers white. Long-leaved Sandwort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Git. 1823. PL -' to \ ft. 432 CARYOPHYLLE^E. XXXII. ARENARIA. 3 A. DAHU'RICA (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 402.) leaves awl-shaped, filiform, serrulated ; stems erect, simple ; panicle dichotomous, few-flowered ; peduncles and calyxes covered with clammy down ; sepals lanceolate-linear, nerved, hardly equal in length with the petals. 3£. H. Native of Dahuria. Flowers white. Dahurian Sandwort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. PI. i foot. 4 A. CUCUBALOI'DES (Smith, icon. ined. 1. p. 17. 1. 17.) leaves awl-shaped, filiform, serrulated ; stems erect, simple ; panicle dichotomous, rather lax ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; petals obovate, twice the length of the calyx. 3£. H. Native of Armenia. Calyx clammy. Flowers white. Cucubalus-like Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot 5 A. OTITOI'DES (Adams, ex Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 402.) leaves awl-shaped, filiform, serrated ; stems erect, simple ; panicle dichotomous, crowded, many-flowered ; sepals lanceolate, keeled, scarcely longer than the obovate petals ; styles protruding a great length. If. . H. Native of Siberia. Very like A, graminif olla in the stems and leaves, but the flowers are very small, more numerous, and more densely crowded. Flowers •white. Otites-like Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. | to f foot. 6 A. HOLO'STEA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 345.) leaves awl-shaped, filiform, roughish on the margins ; stems erect, simple ; panicle few-flowered ; sepals acuminated, nerveless, shorter than the obtuse petals. I/ . H. Native of Caucasus and Iberia. Flowers like those of Stellaria Holostea. Sepals green on the back, but with the margins white. Petals white. Stitch-wort-like Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. -| foot. 7 A. RI'GIDA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 346. suppl. p. 309.) leaves linear-setaceous, ciliary-scabrous ; stems erect, rigid, simple ; panicle trichotomous, pressed together, glabrous ; sepals acute, somewhat keeled, hardly exceeding the corolla. If. . H. Native in the Ukraine in sandy places. Bracteas larger than in A . graminifblia and longifblia. Flowers white. A. Holostea, Beaupre. in litt. .Rigid-stemmed Sandwort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1823. PI. j ft. 8 A. FORMOSA (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 402.) leaves linear-setaceous, ciliary-scabrous ; stems erect, simple, and are as well as peduncles clothed with viscid hairs ; panicle tricho- tomous, few-flowered ; sepals thick, obtuse, inner ones very broad, and covered with glandular hairs on their back, one-half shorter than the obovate petals. If. . H. Native of Dahuria. Plant habit and size of Scheuchzeria, palustrls. Flowers large, white. Handsome Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI. £ to 1 foot. 9 A. LYCHNI'DEA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 346. suppl. p. 309.) plant tufted ; leaves awl-shaped, radical ones in bundles, linear- setaceous, ciliary-scabrous ; stem erect, rather hispid ; panicle di-trichotomous, few-flowered, divaricating after flowering; sepals ovate, rather acute, one-half shorter than the obovate petals. It. • H. Native of Caucasus and Iberia. A. airsefolia and se- tacea ; Fisch. in litt. Flowers in threes, white, about the size of those of A. Austriaca. Pedicels villous. Var. p,glabra (D. C. prod. 1. p. 402.) plant glabrous. A. Laxmanni, Fisch. in litt. Lychnis-like Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PL ^ foot. 10 A. GMELI'NI (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 402.) leaves linear, obtuse ; stems jointed ; panicle trichotomous, somewhat corymbose ; sepals lanceolate, green, with scarious margins ; petals obovate, twice the length of the calyx. 7; . H. Native of the Ural mountains, especially on a mountain called Tagannai. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 144. t. 61. f. 1. Flowers white, very like those of Gypsophila repent.- Gmelin's Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. £ foot. 11 A. CEPHALOTES (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 346. suppl. p. 309.) leaves awl-shaped, filiform, ciliary-scabrous ; stems thick, erect, simple; head of flowers terminal, fascicled, hemisphe- rical ; sepals acuminated, almost equal in length with the corolla. If.. H. Native of Tauria in fields. Bracteas striated. Flowers white. This is the most elegant species of the whole genus. Headed Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. | to •§ foot. 12 A. DIANTIIOIDES (Smith, icon. ined. p. 16. t. 16.) leaves awl-shaped, filiform, ciliary-scabrous ; stems erect, simple ; flowers in heads ; bracteas ventricose, exceeding the peduncles ; sepals ovate, obtuse ; petals obovate, 3-times longer than the calyx. l/.H. Native of Armenia. Flowers white. Pink-like Sandwort. PI. \ to -J foot. 13 A. GYPSOPHILOI'DES (Schreb. act. nov. acad. N. C. no. 6. 4. p. 139. ex Willd. spec. 2. p. 723.) leaves linear, radical ones setaceous ; panicle rather pubescent ; sepals ovate, mucronate, hardish ; petals lanceolate, thrice as long as the calyx. If. . H. Native of the Levant. Flowers white. Gypsophila-like Sandwort. PI. \ foot. 14 A. CAPILLA'RIS (Poir. diet. 6. p. 380.) lower leaves in tufts, very long, capillary ; stem rather naked, terminated by a 3-flowered umbel ; peduncles elongated, 1-flowered, capillary; bracteas membranaceous, glabrous ; petals ovate, rather crenu- lated, twice as long as the calyx. I/ . H. Native of Siberia. A. Sibirica, Pers. ench. 1. p. 504. Flowers white. Capillary-leaved Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. ^ to i foot. ISA. PINIFO'LIA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 348.) stems distorted, ascending, few-flowered, pubescent ; leaves setaceous, stiff", stem ones straight ; sepals obtuse, striated, villous, shorter than the corolla. "%.. H. Native of the alps of Caucasus. Calyx green, with the stripes obliterated from short, rather clammy down. Petals white. Peduncles terminal, twin, much longer than the corolla. Pine-leaved Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. | to | foot. 16 A. SUBULA'TA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 403.) leaves setaceous, stiff", mucronated, striated, lower ones in bundles ; stems panicled, few-flowered ; sepals lanceolate, much shorter than the petals ; capsules ovate, hardly longer than the calyx. If. . H. Flowers white. Far. a, glandulifera (D. C. prod. 1. p. 403.) stems, peduncles, and sepals clothed with glandular hairs ; panicles 3-5-flowered. Tf. . H. Native of Siberia in the regions about the Baical. A. pungens, Steph. ex Stev. in litt. A. viscosa, Fisch. in litt. A. setacea, Adams, ex Fisch. Far. ft. glabrata (D. C. 1. c.) plant very smooth ; flowers 1-3. 11 . H. Native of Eastern Siberia. Ami-shaped-leaved Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. to foot. 17 A. PU'NCENS (Clem, in Lag. gen. et spec. 15. but not of Steph.) leaves awl-shaped, and are as well as sepals mucro- nately pungent ; petals longer than the calyx ; styles 3-4. l/.H. Native of Spain on the summits of the mountains in the province of Granada. Flowers white. Pungent-leaved Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. J foot. 18 A. NARDIFO'LIA (Led. Hook. fl. bor. amer. t. 32.) tufted ; leaves awl-shaped, pungent ; stem erect, 3-flowered ; petals oblong, obtuse, twice the length of the obtuse sepals ; capsule 3-valved. "if. . H. Native of North America on the Rocky Mountains, and on the north-west coast ; also of Siberia. Flowers white. Nardus-leaved Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. PI. ^ to foot. CARYOPHYLLE^;. XXXII. AEEHAHIA. 433 § 2. Leaves awl-sjiaped or linear. 19 A. SQUARRO'SA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 273.) plant tufted ; lower leaves squarrosely-imbricated, channelled, gla- brous ; stems simple, few-leaved ; flowers dichotomously pa- nicled, erect ; sepals ovate, roundish ; petals obovate, thrice as long as the calyx ; capsules oval, exceeding the calyx, 3-valved ; valves obtuse. If . H. Native of New Jersey and Carolina in sandy pine-barrens. A. Caroliniana, Walt. fl. carol. 141. Flowers white. Squarrose-leaved Sandwort. Fl. July, Aug. PL •£• foot. 20 A. IMBRICA'TA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 344. but not of Rafin- isque) leaves linear-awl-shaped, ciliated, crowded ; stems creep- ing, hairy ; peduncles 1 -flowered, terminal ; petals longer than the calyx, which is bluntish, striated, and hairy ; capsules 3- valved. 2f . H. Native of the alps of Caucasus near Kobi. Stev. in mem. soc. mosq. 3. p. 263. Leaves short, stifF, spread- ing, ciliated, in bundles in the axillae of the older leaves. Flowers white, about the size of those of A. laricifolia. Imbricate-lesived Sandwort. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1820. PL ift. 21 A. JUNIPE'RINA (Lin. mant. 72.) leaves awl-shaped, stiff", spinose, lower ones in bundles, upper ones distant ; stems erect, firm ; sepals ovate, generally 1 -nerved ; petals obovate, almost twice as long as the calyx ; capsules ovate-roundish, S-valved, hardly exceeding the calyx, If . H. Native of the Levant as well as in Eastern Siberia. Smith, icon. ined. p. 35. t. 35. Poir. diet. 6. p. 378. A. acicularis, Fisch. in litt. Flowers white. Juniper-like Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. PL \ ft. 22 A. STRI'CTA (Mich, fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 274.) plant erect, glabrous, many-stemmed ; leaves awl-shaped-linear, erect, and in axillary fascicles ; panicle few-flowered ; sepals oval-lanceo- late ; petals conspicuously-striped, much longer than the calyx. y. . H. Native of North America on rocks in New England and Canada, and on the high mountains of Carolina. Hook. fl. bor. amer. t. 33. Very like A. striata, but much larger and more erect. Flowers white. Straight Sandwort. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. PI. | foot. 23 A. OBTU'SA (Torrey. in ann. lye. new york, vol. 2. 1827.) tufted, many-stemmed ; leaves linear-awl-shaped, bluntish, keeled, rather secund ; stem simple, commonly 1 -flowered ; peduncles clothed with glandular hairs ; sepals oblong, obtuse, 3-nerved ; petals oblong, twice the length of the calyx ; capsule ovate, shorter than the calyx ; seeds orbicularly-kidney-shaped. If . H. Native of North America on the Rocky Mountains. Obtuse-leaved Sandwort. PI. ^ foot. 24 A. PRO'CERA (Spreng. ex Horn. hort. hafn. p. 424.) stem erect, simple, few-flowered ; calyxes obtuse ; petals emarginate, thrice as long as sepals. TJ. . H. Native ? Flowers white. Tall Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. 25 A. LARICIFO'LIA (Lin. spec. 607.) leaves awl-shaped, denticulate- ly-ciliated ; stems as- cending, 1-3 or 6-flow- ered, somewhat sca- brous ; calyx cylindri- cal ; sepals bluntish, triple-nerved, hairy ; pe- tals twice as long as the sepals ; capsules 3- valved, exceeding the calyx, if. . H. Native on the alps of Switzerland and France, &c. Far. a, multiflora (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 404.) stems weak, many-flowered ; younger leaves in bundles, arcuate, ax- VOL. i. — PART v. Flowers white. illary ; calyx and peduncles hairy. A. laricifolia, Vill. dauph. 4. p. 629. t. 47. f. 5. Jacq. aust. 3. p. 39. t. 272. Far. ft, striata (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 404.) stems stiff", few-flowered ; leaves straight, long ; peduncles and calyxes clothed with clammy hairs. A. striata, Vill. dauph. 4. p. 630. t. 47. f. 6. A. Iinifl6ra, Jacq. coll. 2. t. 3. f. 3. Var. y, Chamisoni ; leaves smooth ; cauline ones ciliated at the base. Native of Eschscholtz Bay. Larch-leaved Sandwort. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. | ft. 26 A. ROSTRA'TA (Waldst. et Kit. hung, ex Willd. enum. 481.) leaves linear-awl-shaped, recurved ; flowers twin, terminal; sepals acute, 3-nerved, shorter than the corolla, pubescent ; steins diffuse, pubescent. Tf. . H. Native of Hungary in alpine places. A. macrocarpa, Kit. et Hort. Goett. Flowers white. Beaked Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. \ foot. 27 A. LYCOPODIOI'DES (Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 212.) plant much branched, creeping, glabrous; leaves rather imbricated, mucronate, - stiff, 1-nerved; petals shorter than the calyx; capsules many-seeded. If. H. Native of Mexico near Moran, at the height of 3990 feet. Flowers white. Lycopodium-like Sandwort. PI. creeping. 28 A. A'RCTICA (Stev. in litt. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 404.) plant small, tufted ; leaves linear-lanceolate, obtuse ; stems 1 -flowered ; peduncles covered with glandular hairs ; sepals oblong, obtuse, hardly nerved ; petals obovate, double the length of the calyx. If. . H. Native of Siberia, on the icy shores, also in the Bay of St. Lawrence. Hook, fl. bor. amer. t. 32. A. bryoides, Fisch. in litt. A. Altaica, Fisch. in litt. A. serpens, Fisch. in litt. Plant with the habit of Silene acaulis or Cherleria seddtdes. Flowers whitish. Arctic Sandwort. PI. J foot. 29 A. AUSTRIA ACA (Jacq. austr. 3. p. 39. t. 270.) leaves linear- awl-shaped, 3-nerved ; stem tufted, rather panicled ; peduncles terminal, very long, twin, puberulous ; petals obtuse, emarginate ; sepals 3-nerved, very acute, spreading. Ij. . H. Native of Austria and Italy, on the alps. All. ped. no. 1 700. t. 64. f. 2 . A. elongata, Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 200. Stellaria biflbra, Jacq. coll. 1. p. 251. t. 18. A. stellarioldes, Pers. ench. 1. p. 503. Flowers white. Capsule longer than the calyx. Var. j3, glabra (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 787.). A. Villarsii, Balb. misc. 21. exclusive of the variety hirsuta. A. triflora, Vill. dauph. 4. p. 623. t. 47. A. mixta, Lapeyr. abr. 255. Plant glabrous. Austrian Sandwort. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1793. PI. -J foot. 30 A. GLOBULOSA (Labill. pi. syr. dec. 4. p, 6. t. 3. f. 1.) plant very much branched ; leaves awl-shaped, nerved, pilose ; flowers numerous, disposed in racemes ; sepals unequal, longer than the petals ; capsules profoundly 3-valved ; seed kidney- shaped, rough around. I/ . H. Native of Syria. Globulose Sandwort. Fl. June, Sept. PI. -j to \ foot. 31 A. CAPILLAVCEA (All. ped. no. 1705. t. 89. f. 2.) leaves setaceous, rigid, scabrous ; flowers erect ; petals larger than the calyx. O- H. Native of Piedmont on the tops of the moun- tains called Tenda. Petals white. Stem hairy. Capillary-leaved Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. ^ to | foot. 32 A. GRANDIFLORA (Lin. spec. 608.) leaves awl-shaped, broadish, flat, 3-nerved, ciliated, radical ones crowded ; stems ge- nerally 1 -flowered ; peduncles very long, pubescent ; sepals ovate, awned, 3-nerved, one-half smaller than the petals ; capsules ovate, 6-valved, hardly exceeding the calyx in length. I/ . H. Native of France on the alps and mountains. All. ped. no. 1 7 1 1 . t. 10. f. 1. A. triflora, Cav. icon. 3. t. 249. f.- 2. A. mixta, Lapeyr. abr. p. 255. Flowers white. Var. j8, multiflora (D. C. prod. 1 . p. 404.) stems 3-4-flowered ; peduncles very long; leaves hardly ciliated. A. juniperina, Vill. dauph. 4. p. 624.— All. ped. no. 1715. t. 26. f. 5. 3 K 434 CARYOPHYLLEJE. XXXII. ARENARIA. Far. y, triflora (D. C. prod. 1. p. 404.) steins 2-4-flowered ; leaves narrower and recurved. A. triflora, Lin. mant. 240. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 788. 2£. H. Native on sandy hills near Fon- tainebleau. Var. S, stolomfera (D. C. prod. 1. p. 404.) stems much branched ; lower leaves broadish, short, dense ; upper ones very narrow, very long, and distant ; sepals very narrow. If. . H. Native of Dauphiny, and Siberia on rocks at Tschussowaja. A. stolomfera, Vill. ex herb. D. C. A. laxa, Fisch. in litt. Great-lowered Sandwort. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1783. PL £ to | foot. 33 A. HE'IMII (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 404.) plant clothed with glandular hairs ; leaves linear, bluntish, 3-nerved, radical ones crowded ; stems 1-3-flowered ; peduncles very long; sepals ovate, somewhat mucronate, obsoletely 3-nerved ; petals obovate, twice the length of the sepals ; capsules ovate, in length exceeding the calyx. If. . H. Native of the Ural mountains in Siberia. Flowers white. Helme's Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. PI. ^ to| ft. 34 A. SCANDINA'VICA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 399.) leaves awl- shaped ; branches 2-flowered ; petals entire ; ovary oblong ; sepals oblong, obtuse, striated. 7£. H. Native of Lapland on the alps. A. biflora, Cham. etSchlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 52. but not of Lin. Stellaria biflora, Lin. spec. 604. Oed. fl. dan. t. 12. Alsinella biflora, Swartz, et Wickstroem. A small plant, with the ap- pearance of a species of Sagina. Petals white. Scandinavian Sandwort. PI. -J foot. 35 A. LINIFLORA (Lin. spec. 608.) stem suffruticose, distorted ; leaves filiform, strictly appressed ; peduncles twin, terminal, short ; sepals lanceolate, striated, shorter than the corolla. Tf. . H. Native of Austria, Hungary, and Caucasus. Perhaps A. pinifblia, Bieb. Flowers white. Flax-flowered Sandwort. PI. \ to -| foot. 36 A. MACROCA'KPA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 316. but not of Horn.) plant tufted ; leaves crowded, awl-shaped-linear, flat, with ciliated margins ; peduncles terminal, 1 -flowered, leafy ; sepals linear ; petals ovate, twice the length of the sepals ; capsules oblong, thrice the length of the calyx. If. . H. Native of the north-west coast of America and of Chamisso's Island. Flowers white. This plant approaches near to A. grandiflbra, but differs in the long capsule and shape of the sepals materially. Habit of a species of Cerdstium. Var. fi ; habit of Cherleria sedoides. Native of the island of St. Lawrence. Long-fruited Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810. PI. | to £ foot. 37 A. HI'RTA (Wormsk. in fl. dan. t. 1646.) leaves linear- awl-shaped, obtuse, with 2 furrows, hairy; stems hairy, 1-2-3- flowered; sepals 3-nerved, acute, shorter than the capsule ; petals oblong, rather shorter than the calyx. 1^ . H. Native of the south of Greenland, Lapland, island of St. Paul, and Kamtschatka. A. sulcata, Schlechtend in berl. mag. 1816. p. 212. A. villosa, Ledeb. A small plant with reddish flowers. Var. (l,glabrata (Cham, in Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 56.) plant smooth. Native of the island of St. Lawrence. Hairy Alpine Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. £ to £ foot. 38 A. RUBE'LLA (Smith, engl. fl. 4. p. 267.) plant tufted; leaves awl-shaped, obtuse, quite smooth, 3-nerved ; peduncles 1 -flowered, elongated, pubescent; sepals very acute, 3-nerved, longer than the elliptical petals ; capsule 4-valved, sometimes 3-valved, longer than the sepals. If. . H. Native of Melville Island ; in Scotland on the summit of the Breadalbane moun- tains ; on Craig Challeach, and on BenLawers. A small plant, forming a dense tuft. Calyx brownish-purple. Corolla white. Anthers red. Alsine rubella, Wahl. lapp. 128. t. 6. Alsinella rubella, Swartz. sum. veg. scand. p. 1 7. A. quadrivalvis, R. Br. in append, to Parry's voy. p. 13. — D. Don, in eng. bot. suppl. t. 2638. Red Alpine Sandwort. Scotland. PI. 1 to 2 inches. 39 A. Ro'ssn (R. Br. 1. c.) quite smooth ; leaves triquetrous ; awl-shaped, bluntish, awnless, nerveless, scarcely equalling the flower in length ; peduncles 1 -flowered, elongated; petals ob- long, a little longer than the obsoletely 3-nerved sepals. Tf.. H. Native of Melville Island. A small tufted herb. Calyx pur- plish. Corolla white. Ovary 1 -celled. The A. Rassii of Richardson in Franklin's journey, p. 738. differs from this in its larger stature, and in the capsule being 3-valved. Alsine stricta differs from it in its larger size and in the leaves being acute. Ross's Sandwort. PI. 1 to 2 inches. 40 A. VE'RNA (Lin. mant. 72.) plant tufted, many-stemmed ; leaves awl-shaped, bluntish ; stems panicled, elongated ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, with 3 remote equal ribs, longer than the obovate petals ; capsules cylindrical, of 3 valves, longer than the calyx. I/ . H. Native of the mountainous parts of Europe. In Britain about the lead-mines in Derby- shire, as well as in Yorkshire, Westmoreland, and Wales. In Scotland on Arthur's Seat, and many other hills near Edinburgh. Smith, engl. bot. t. 512. Jacq. austr. t. 404. A. saxatilis, Huds. ed. 1. p. 168. Penn. tour, in Wales, t. 2. f. 1. A. juniperina, With. p. 424. A. laricifolia, With. p. 404. A. divaricata, Adams, ex Fisch. in litt. A. flaccida, Schleich. Flowers small, white. Var. ft, ccespitosa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 405.) stems very leafy; calyxes and peduncles smoothish. A. caespitosa, Ehrh. herb. 55. D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 613. Far. y, minor (D. C. prod. 1. p. 405.) stem dwarf, 1-flowered. l/.H. Spring Sandwort. Fl. May, Aug. Brit. PI. -| to | foot. 41 A. GERA'RDI (Willd. spec. 2. p. 729.) plant erect, branched; leaves linear-awl-shaped, 3-nerved; peduncles twin, terminal, 1-flowered; sepals acuminated, 3-nerved, with mem- branaceous margins. If. . H. Native of the alps of Austria and France. A. liniflora, Jacq. aust. t. 445. — Gerard, gallo- prov. 405. no. 7. t. 15. f. 1. ? Flowers white. Perhaps only a variety of A. verna. Gerard's Sandwort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. \ foot. 42 A. RAMOSI'SSIMA (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 24.) stems very much branched, elongated, panicled ; leaves awl-shaped, bluntish, nerved, recurved ; petals ovate, hardly equalling the sepals in length ; sepals acuminated, striated, and are hispid as well as peduncles ; capsules of 3 valves. $ . H. Native of Hungary. Horn. hort. hafn. p. 964. Link. enum. 1. p. 431. This is very like A. verna, but it is of a more loose habit. Most-Branched Sandwort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1816. Pl.i to I foot. 43 A. E'LEGANS (Cham, in Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 57.) tufted, many-stemmed, smooth ; leaves linear, obtuse, thickish ; peduncles terminal, solitary ; sepals lanceolate, awl-shaped, acuminated, rather keeled ; petals exceeding the calyx ; cap- sule 3-valved. If. . H. Native of the Bay of St. Lawrence. Plant smooth. Like A. verna. Elegant Sandwort. PI. i foot. 44 A. HI'SPIDA (Liu. spec. 608.) plant tufted, erect, many- stemmed, pilose, hispid ; panicle dichotomous ; leaves awl- shaped, and are hispid as well on the under surface of the sepals, hardly striated ; corolla exceeding the calyx ; capsules somewhat globose, of 3 valves, hardly longer than the calyx. If. . H. Native about Montpelier in chalky places. Habit of Spergula. Stems simple, with a few scattered hairs. Flowers white. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 789. Hispid Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pi. \ to| foot. 45 A. SUBUL.&FO'LIA (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 182.) stem 1 CARYOPHYLLE.E. XXXII. ARENARIA. 435 tufted, simple ; leaves awl-shaped, bluntish, quite smooth ; panicle dichotomous ; sepals acute, clothed with glandular pu- bescence, twice the length of the petals ; capsules 3-valved, equal in length to the calyx. If. . H. Native of Sicily. A. Arvatica, Presl. ex Spreng. Ami-leaved Sandwort. PL -^ to \ foot. 46 A. ECHINA'TA (Poir. diet. 6. p. 377.) plant dwarf; stems rather branched, short ; leaves filiform, awl-shaped, hardly pubescent ; flowers somewhat panicled ; peduncles and calyxes glandular, hispid ; corolla equal in length to the calyx ; cap- sules length of calyx. Ij. . H. Native of the Alps of Europe. Flowers white. jEc/wnafed-calyxed Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ foot. 47 A. PA'TULA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 273.) plant pubes- cent ; stems filiform, panicled, many-flowered ; leaves setaceous, spreading ; petals somewhat emarginate, a little longer than the very acute, striped sepals. l/.H. Native of North America on rocks near Knoxville, Kentucky. Flowers white. This plant resembles A. tenuifolia. Spreading-leaved Sandwort. PL -|- to | foot. 48 A. SAXA'TILIS (Lin. spec. 607.) leaves awl-shaped ; stems panicled ; sepals ovate. "If. . H. Native of Germany, Switzer- land, France, and Siberia. — Barrel, icon. t. 580. ? — Gmel. sib. 4. t. 63. f. 2. — Vaill. par. 7. t. 2. f. 3. Flowers white. Stone Sandwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1 732. PI. £ to £ foot. 49 A. PE'NDULA (Waldst. et Kit. hung. l.p. 90. t. 87.) stems filiform, rooting, very long, diffuse ; flower-bearing branches erect ; leaves linear, flat, acute, somewhat fasciculate ; sepals lanceolate, acute, shorter than the petals ; capsules depressed, globose (6-valved ?). If. . H. Native of Hungary on chalky rocks. Flowers white. Filaments of stamens hairy at their base. Pendulous Sandwort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1 8 1 6. PL i to $ ft. 50 A. TENUIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 667.) leaves awl-shaped, seta- ceous ; stems panicled, forked ; sepals awl-shaped, striated, much longer than the petals ; capsules of 3 valves, hardly exceeding the calyx in length. Q.H. Native of dry barren sandy fields, and on walls in many parts of Europe. In Britain in several parts of Cambridgeshire ; at Oxburgh, Norfolk, Worcestershire, and Oxfordshire. Smith, engl. bot. t. 219. Fl. dan. t. 389. Alsine tenuifolia, Bauh. hist. 3. p. 2. 364. f. A. viscosa, Schreb. Lips. 30. Petals white. Var. a., Vaillantiana (D. C. prod. 1. p. 406.) stems tufted, erect, glabrous, branching at the top. — Vaill. par. t. 3. f. 1. Var. ft, Barrelieri (D. C. 1. c.) stems much branched, glabrous, rather procumbent. A. Barrelieri, Vill. dauph. 4. p. 634. — Barrel, icon. t. 580. Native of Dauphiny. Var. y, simpliciuscula (Ser. mss.) stem glabrous, erect, upper part branched ; calyx glabrous ; stamens 3 or 4. Var. S, hybrida (D. C. 1. c.) stem straight, glabrous ; calyxes clothed with glandular viscid hairs. A. hybrida, Vill. dauph. 4. p. 634. t. 47. A. pentandra, Duf. ann. gen. 7. p. 292. Native of Dauphiny. Var, c, viscidula (D. C. 1. c.) stems erect, upper part branched, and are as well as calyxes covered with viscid hairs. A. visci- dula, Thuil. fl. par. ed. 2. p. 219. A. dubia, Sut. fl. helv. ]. E. 266. A. viscosa, Pers. ench. 1. p. 504. Native of Switzer- md. Fine-leaved Sandwort. Fl. Ju. July. Brit. PL i to | foot. 51 A. VILLOSA (Ledeb. ex Steud. nom. 67. descr. ex Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 406.) leaves linear, awl-shaped, 3- nerved, ciliated ; stems pubescent, villous ; sepals ovate-lan- ceolate, acuminated, striated, 3-nerved, with membranaceous margins, longer than the corolla. l/.H. Native of Siberia. Flowers white. Villous-stemmeA Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PL £•**>!• foot. 52 A. CALYCI'NA (Poir. voy. 2. p. 167. diet. 6. p. 370.) plant very smooth ; leaves grassy, short ; peduncles very long, gene- rally 1 -flowered ; sepals lanceolate, . very acute, with mem- branaceous margins ; petals oblong, narrow, much shorter than the calyx ; capsules oval, of 5 valves, almost equal in length to the calyx. O- H. Native of Barbary. Petals white. Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PL •| to f foot. 53 A. ? SPINULIFLORA (Ser. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 406.)plant very smooth ; leaves filiform, obtuse ; flowers dichotomously- panicled, numerous, small ; sepals lanceolate, membranaceous, pellucid, with long points ; petals very short ; stamens 5 ? Native of the Levant. Petals white. Spiny-flowered Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PL ^ to •§• foot. 54 A. TRIA'NDRA (Schrank. hort. monac. t. 30.) stem dicho- tomous, diffuse ; leaves flat, linear, very narrow ; corolla smaller than the calyx ; flowers triandrous ; capsules of 3 valves. Q. H. Native? Minuartia tenuifolia, Mart. hort. erlang, p. 44. ex Schrank. 1. c. Petals white. Perhaps only a variety of A. tenuifolia. Triandrous Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PL ^ to \ foot. 55 A. EMARGINAVTA (Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 202.) stems erect ; leaves linear, bluntish ; sepals lanceolate ; petals emarginate. shorter than the calyx. Q. H. Native of Portugal on dry hills beyond the Tagus, and of Algiers. Stems racemose, clammy. Leaves sessile. Petals reddish, emarginate. Schlecht. in berl. mag. 1816. p. 212. ? Emarginate-petaXled Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PL \ to \ ft. 56 A. MEDITERRA'NEA (Ledeb. ex Link. enum. 1. p. 431.) stem very much branched ; leaves linear, recurved ; sepals striated, with long points and membranaceous margins, much longer than the corolla ; capsules longer than the calyx. Q. H. Native ? This was sent under the name of A. calyclna, see Horn. hafn. and A. calyclna, Pers. Peduncles very long. Petals white. Mediterranean Sandwort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1823. PL \ to \ ft. 57 A. RECU'RVA (All. ped. no. 1713. t. 89. f. 8.) leaves ra- dical, crowded, recurved, awl-shaped, leaning rather to one side ; stems tufted, simple, generally 3-flowered ; sepals ovate- lanceolate, striated, covered with glandular hairs as well as the peduncles ; petals ovate, a little longer than the sepals ; capsules ovate, of 3 valves, shorter than the calyx ; seeds somewhat kidney-shaped, hardly dotted. If. H. Native of the higher Alps of Europe in stony meadows, particularly in Switzerland, Italy, Austria, and Moravia. Jacq. coll. 1. p. 244. t. 16. f. 1. There is a variety of this plant with from 1-8 flowers on each stem. Flowers white. Var. /3, hispidula (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 406.) stems, leaves, and peduncles covered with glandular hairs. If. . H. Native of Vallais. Flowers white. Recurved-leaved Sandwort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1 822. PL ! ft. 58 A. HIRSU'TA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 349.) plant hairy ; leaves awl-shaped, 3-nerved, bluntish ; lower leaves imbricate, re- curved; stems declinate ; panicle many-flowered, dichotomous; sepals acute, somewhat 5-nerved, hairy, almost equal in length to the corolla ; capsule 3-valved ; seeds rather disciform, with echinated margins. % . H. Native of Tauria on high moun- tains. Flowers white. Perhaps only a variety of A. recurva. Hairy Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PL % foot. 59 A. CALYCULA'TA (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 7.) plant somewhat pubescent ; leaves thickish, somewhat fasciculate, semicylin- drical, awl-shaped, curved ; sepals lanceolate, elongated, acutish, 5-nerved, with membranaceous margins ; petals entire ; capsules ovate, longer than the calyx. 7f . H. Native of Hungary. Flowers white. Calculated Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PL £ ft. 3K 2 436 CARYOPHYLLEjE. XXXII. ARENARIA. 60 A. GLA'BRA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 274.) plant very smooth, erectish, many-stemmed ; leaves linear-awl-shaped, flat, spreading ; pedicels 1 -flowered, elongated, divaricating ; sepals oval, bluntish, smooth, shorter than the corolla. I/ . H. Native of North Carolina on rocks. Stellaria uniflora, Walt. fl. carol, p. 141. Flowers white. Glabrous Sand-wort. Fl. June, July. PI. \ foot. 61 A. RUPE'STRIS (Labill. pi. syr. dec. 4. p. 8. t. 4. f. 1.) stems ascending ; leaves setaceous, obtuse, somewhat curved, crowded, a little ciliated beneath ; flowers panicled, from 2-4 ; sepals ovate, oblong, rather hairy, 3-nerved ; petals oval-oblong, twice as long as the sepals ; disk glandular under the ovary ; capsules of 3 valves, hardly exceeding the calyx in length. Tf..H. Native of Mount Lebanon. Flowers white. Rock Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ foot. 62 A. SETA'CEA (Thuil. fl. par. ed. 2. p. 220.) stem very much branched ; flowers panicled, fastigiate ; leaves setaceous, in bundles, ciliated at their base, all leaning to one side ; sepals awl-shaped, acute, with white, membranaceous margins, almost equal in length with the petals ; capsules of 3 valves, rising above the calyx. If. . H. Native among stones on dry hills about Paris and Fontainebleau. Flowers white. Var. a, pilosa (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 407.) stems hairy at the bottom. "%.. H. A. heteromalla, Pers. ench. 1. p. 504. A. saxatilis, Loisel. fl. gall. p. 261. exclusive of the synonymes of Lin. and Vahl. Var, ft, rugosa (Ser. mss. in D. C. 1. c.) stem pubescent at the bottom, y.. H. A. heteromalla, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 350. Flowers white. Plant greenish-glaucous. Setaceous-leaved Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PI. £ to \ foot. 63 A. FASCICULA^TA (Gouan. ill. 30.) leaves awl-shaped, setaceous, in bundles ; stems erect, straight, almost simple ; flowers fascicled ; pedicels shorter than the leaves ; sepals unequal, acuminated, somewhat membranaceous, with two narrow lines, almost twice the length of the obtuse petals ; capsules of 3 valves, shorter than the calyx ; seeds kidney-shaped, rough, with rather serrated margins. $ . H. Native in sandy or gra- velly sunny places, in many parts of Europe, particularly about Montpeiier, Austria, and Carniola. In Scotland on rocks in Fifeshire and the mountains of Angus-shire. Jacq. austr. 2. t. 182. A. fastigiata, Smith, engl. bot. t. 1744. Alsine mucro- nata, Lam. diet. 4. p. 310. Stellaria rubra, Scop. earn. 1. p. 316.1.17. Stems often purplish. Petals white. -FasczcW-leaved Sandwort. Fl. June. Scotland. PI. % ft. 64 A. FASTIGIA'TA (Lin. syst. nat. ed. 12. vol. 3. p. 733. Smith, fl. grsec. 442.) stem fastigiate, leafy, pubescent, viscid, villous ; panicle leafy ; sepals linear-lanceolate, very long, ciliated ; petals very short ; leaves linear-awl-shaped, ciliated, connate. Q. H. Native of Asia Minor. Flowers in racemose panicles. Fastigiate Sandwort. PI. i foot. 65 A. FRANKLINI (Hook. fl. bor. amer. t. 35.) root fusiform; stems numerous ; panicle fastigiate, crowded ; sepals lanceolate, acuminated ; petals oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, shorter than the sepals ; leaves linear-awl-shaped, finely ciliated. at the base and connate; capsule 6-valved at the apex. I/ . H. Native of North America in the arctic regions. Flowers white. Franklin's Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. 1. foot. 66 A. FILIFOLIA (Forsk. descr. p. 211. Vahl. symb. 1. p. 33. t. 12.) leaves setaceous, crowded, 2-ribbed; stems suffruticose, forked ; peduncles terminal, 1-2-flowered ; sepals very narrow, equal in length with the corolla. y. . H. Native of Arabia on Mount Boka. Petals white. Thread-leaved Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. -I to ^ foot. 67 A. MUCRONA'TA (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 791.) leaves setaceous, not ciliated at the base ; stems tufted, prostrate at the base ; panicle rather forked ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; sepals acuminated, somewhat membranaceous, with 2 lateral ribs, awned, longer than either the petals or capsule ; capsules of 3 valves. 0. H. Native about Montpeiier on rocks. A. fascicu- lata/3, rostrata, Pers. ench. 1. p. 504. Alsine mucronata, Gouan. ill. 22. A. mutabilis, Lapeyr. abr. 256. Petals white. Perhaps only a variety of A.fasciculata. Af«c»-onate-sepalled Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ to ^ ft. 68 A. OLOMEKA'TA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 350. suppl. p. 311.) plant pubescent, hoary ; leaves awl-shaped, straight ; flowers on very short pedicels, disposed in glomerate heads ; sepals scariose, with 2-stripes, acuminated, much longer than the petals ; capsule 3-valved. Q. H. Native of Tauria on calca- reous rocks. Petals white. Allied to A.fasciculata, but dif- fers in the stem being branched from the base. Var. /3, elatior (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 407.) panicle rather looser; pedicels longer. O- H. Native among rocks about Odessa. Glomerate-flowered Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. i to | foot. 69 A. LARI'CINA (Cham, in Schlecht. Linnaca. 1. p. 57.) de- cumbent ; leaves stiff, awl-shaped, ciliated, with bundles of small leaves in the axillae ; flowers few, terminal ; petals twice the length of the calyx ; seeds disk-formed, ciliated. l/.H. Na- tive of Siberia. Spergula laricina, Lin. spec. 631. Smith, icon, ined. 1. p. 18. t. 18. Lam. ill. t. 392. f. 3. Spergula arenarioides, Herb. Willd. Larch-like Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PL -|- to -J foot. 70 A. ULIGINOSA (Schleich. cent. exs. 1. no. 47. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 786. icon. pi. gall. p. 14. t. 46.) stem erect, branched from the base ; leaves linear, bluntish ; branches naked ; peduncles twin, 1 -flowered, generally terminal, furnished with two bracteas at the base of each ; sepals lanceolate, nerveless, hardly longer than the ovate petals ; capsules ovate, of 3-valves, equal in length to the calyx ; seeds somewhat kidney-shaped, orange-coloured. %. H. Native of Jura, Siberia, and Lapland, in turfy bogs. Spergula stricta, Swartz, act. holm, and in Schrad. journ. 1800. vol. 2. p. 256. Petals white. Var. (3, purpurata (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 407.) stems and calyxes purple. A. muscorum, Adams ex Fisch. in litt. Bog Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. | foot. 71 A. POLYGONOI'DES (Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 1. p. 241. t. 15.) plant procumbent ; leaves linear, obtuse, ciliated ; peduncles either in twos or threes, 1 -flowered, furnished with two bracteas at the middle of each ; sepals oblong-linear, obtuse, without nerves, hardly shorter than the corolla ; capsules ovate, of 3 valves, hardly exceeding the calyx ; seeds somewhat disciform, black. I/ . H. Native of Switzerland in stony places. A. obtusa, All. ped. t. 64. f. 4. Stellaria ciliata, Scop. fl. earn, ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 315. no. 536. t. 17. Stellaria biflora, Gun. fl. norv. 1. p. 45. no. 91. Petals white. Var. J3, occulta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 408.) peduncles very long, 1 -flowered. I/. H. Native of Siberia on the Altaian moun- tains. A. occulta, Fisch. in litt. Petals white. Polygonum-like Sandwort. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1822. PI. -t ft. 72 A. BAVA'RICA (Lin. atncen. 4. p. 315.) leaves linear, semi- cylindrical, fleshy, obtuse, longer than the spaces of the stem between the leaves ; stems branched, somewhat dichotomous, hard, jointed; peduncles terminal, generally in pairs, y.. H. Native of Bavaria and Siberia. Saxifraga Bavarica, Ray, hist. 1033. A. Ponae, Rchb. icon. t. 138. Petals white. Seeds few. Bavarian Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. •£ foot. 73 A. SAJANE'NSIS (Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 200.) leaves linear, bluntish ; stems procumbent ; peduncles CARYOPHYLLEjE. XXXII. AREKARIA. 437 terminal, very short, 1 -flowered; sepals 1 -nerved. !(. ? H. Native of the Altaian mountains at Sajan. Petals white. Sajan Sand wort. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ foot. 74 A. JU'NCEA (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 309.) stems erect, simple ; leaves linear, setaceous, rough, ciliated ; panicle dicho- tomous, pubescent ; sepals acute, villous, obscurely 3-nerved, almost equal in length to the corolla. O ? H. Native of Tauria. Petals white. Rush-like Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ to | foot. 75 A. VERTICILI,A'TA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 725.) leaves awl- shaped, stiff) spinose, and are as well as the flowers disposed in whorls ; peduncles 4-flowered, somewhat capitate ; sepals linear, awl-shaped, pungent ; petals lanceolate. Tj . H. Native of Armenia between Erzerum and Tocat. Petals white. JVhorled-leaved. Sandwort. FL June, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub J foot. 76 A. FILIFO'RMIS (Labill. pi. syr. dec. 4. p. 8. t. 3. f. 2.) stem simple, filiform, naked at the top ; leaves setaceous, acumi- nated ; panicle somewhat dichotomous, few-flowered ; sepals elliptical, glabrous ; petals oval-oblong, tapering to the base, twice as long as the sepals ; capsules of 3 -valves (longer than the calyx?) seeds kidney-shaped. Q. H. Native of the island of Cyprus. Petals white. /zft/brm-stemmed Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. -J to \ ft. 77 A. PHARNACEOIDES (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 408.) leaves filiform, mucronate, somewhat fasciculate ; stem branched ; flowers somewhat umbellate ; sepals ovate, obtuse ; petals twice as long as sepals. Q? H. Native of the Levant. Stems and peduncles partly clothed with glandular hairs. Flowers white. Pharnaceum-like Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ to \ foot. 78 A. PI'CTA (Sibth. and Smith, fl. graec. t. 439.) stems leaf- less, dichotomous, hairy towards the top ; leaves tufted, awl- shaped; petals emarginate, veiny on the under surface. O- H. Native of the island of Cyprus in fields. Petals white, but veined on the under surface with red. jPamterf-petalled Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. \ foot. 79 A. MARGINAVTA (Bieb. in herb. Willd. ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 212. but not of D. C.) stems ciliated; leaves linear awl-shaped, smoothish ; sepals acute, edged. l£ . H. Native of Eastern Siberia. Plant small, almost woody, much branched. Petals white. .Erfged-sepalled Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. \ foot. 80 A. CANE'SCENS (Vahl. herb, ex Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 964. in add.) leaves awl-shaped, fleshy ; sepals nerved, one- half shorter than the petals. % . H. Native ? A. macrocarpa, Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 964. but not of Pursh. Flowers white. Canescent Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI. £ ft. 81 A.? JURE'SSI (Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag.1816. p. 212.) leaves linear, awl-sbaped, leaning rather to one side; sepals lanceolate. I/ ? H. Native of Portugal on mount Gerez. Petals white. Plant dwarf, tufted. Juress's Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. \ foot. 82 A. PU'LCHRA (Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 212.) plant erect, glabrous; leaves linear, awl- shaped; flowers panicled ; sepals membranaceous, edged, shorter than the petals. 1{. ? H. Native on mount Ararat. Flowers large, white. Fair Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. -|- foot. 83 A.? ARMERI'NA (Bory, ann. gen. sc. ph. 3. 1820. p. 5.) stems diffuse, woody ; leaves connate, linear, acute, stiff, when old recurved ; flowers capitate. T? . F. Native of Spain in hedges near Sierra Nevada. Petals white. Sweet- William Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Shrub \ foot. 84 A. EXTE'NSA (Duf. ann. gen. 7. p. 291.) plant regularly pubescent, diffuse, branched ; stems elongated ; leaves linear ; flowers loosely panicled ; petals length of calyx ; capsules ob- versely conical, inclosed within the calyx. ^ ? H. Native of Spain on arid hills in the province of Valentia. Flowers rose- coloured. Extended Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. J foot. 85 A. ? RAFINESQUIA'NA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 409.) leaves imbricated, awl-shaped, acute ; stems sparingly branched, rather erect ; peduncles solitary, terminal, almost naked, 1 or 3- flowered; stamens 8 or 10. % ? H. Native of North America in New Jersey. A. imbricata, Rafinesque journ. bot. 1. p. 229. suppl. 5. p. 8. but not of Bieb. Petals white. Rafinesque' s Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. |. foot. 86 A. ? CHERLE'RIJE (Fisch. in litt. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 409.) plant small, tufted ; leaves linear, awl-shaped, curved at the points ? rather imbricate ; flowers terminal or somewhat corym- bose ; sepals oblong, bluntish, rather membranaceous, twice as long as the narrow petals. Q. H. Native, of Siberia. A. Dahiirica, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 398. Petals white. Var. a, unifldra (D. C. 1. c.) flowers solitary, terminal ; stem almost wanting ; leaves curved at the points. O- H. Native of Dahuria on rocks near Graadina. Habit of Cherleria sedoides, Petals white. Var. f$, fasciculata (D. C. 1. c.) flowers somewhat umbellate ; stem elongated ; leaves not curved at the points. O- H. Native of Dahuria, very common in places exposed to the sun. Petals white. Cherleria-like Sandwort. Fl. March, May. PI. -5- to -| foot. § 3. Leaves lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, oval, spatulate or roundish. The plants of this division are easily known from the rest in the leaves neither being grassy nor setaceous, 87 A. TETRA'QUETRA (Lin. spec. 605.) leaves ovate, keeled, recurved, edged, imbricated in four rows ; stems straight, pu- bescent ; flowers somewhat capitate ; sepals stiff, acute, keeled, ciliated, almost equal in length to the corolla ; capsules ovate, truncate, of 6-valves, with the valves callose at the apex ; seeds kidney-shaped, very rough. 1(L. H. Native of France and the shores of the Mediterranean on sterile mountains. Flowers white. Var. a, laxifdlia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 409.) leaves distant; heads many- flowered ; stems elongated. 1£. H. Native of Piedmont, Pyrenees, and about Montpelier. All.ped.no. 1718. t. 89. f. 1. — Magn. p. 53. icon. Var. ft, densifolia (D. C. 1. c.) leaves densely imbricated ; heads few-flowered ; stems short. A. imbricata, Lag. in litt. Gypsophila aggregata, Lin. spec. 581. 2/.H. Native of the shores of the Mediterranean. Square-stemmed Sandwort. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1731. PI. ^ to -| ft. 88 A. AMA'BILIS (Bory. ann. gen. sc. phys. 3. 1820. p. 5.) leaves triangular, concave, acute, revolute ; stems branched, level topped, tufted, naked at the bottom ; peduncles almost wanting, leafy ; sepals rigid. If.. H. Native of Spain at Sierra Nevada. Petals white. Perhaps A. imbricita, Lag. ann. 5. p. 278 ? Lovely Sandwort. Fl. Aug. PI. J foot. 89 A. GIESE'KII (Horn. fl. dan. t. 1518.) plant glandular, hispid ; leaves linear-lanceolate, stiff", 3-nerved ; peduncles very long, almost naked, 1 -flowered ; sepals lanceolate, acute, 3- nerved, longer than the corolla ; capsules of 3, rarely of 6-valves, almost twice as long as the calyx ; seeds kidney-shaped, rough- ish. "11 . H. Native of Greenland. Petals white. Gieseke's Sandwort. PI. ^ foot. 90 A. RUBICU'NDA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 399.) stem erect, branched, pubescent ; leaves lanceolate-linear, pubescent ; pe- duncles solitary, 1 -flowered, elongated ; sepals acuminated, hairy, shorter than the corolla. I/ . H. Native of Siberia. A. pur- purea, Willd. herb. Flowers purplish. Reddish-fiowered Sandwort. PI. J foot. 91 A. MUSCORUM (Fisch. in litt. but not of Adams, D. C. 438 CARYOPHYLLE^;. XXXII. ARENARIA. prod. 1. p. 409.) plant tufted ; leaves oblong, obtuse, striated, ciliated; stems short, puberulous, 1 -flowered ; sepals ovate, ob- tuse, somewhat striated, much smaller than the corolla. If.. H. Native of Kamtschatka. Petals white. Moss-like Sandwort. PI. -5 foot. 92 A. MODE'STA (Duf. ann. gen. 7. p. 291.) plant viscid, pu- bescent, erect, slender, somewhat dichotomous ; leaves oblong- linear, lower ones elliptical-ovate ; peduncles filiform, at length divaricating ; sepals lanceolate, acute, nerveless ; petals ovate- oblong, hardly the length of the sepals ; capsules ovate, of 6 valves, about the length of the calyx. 0. H. Native of Spain about Valentia. Flowers white. Modest. Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. -j to £ foot. 93 A. NEMOROSA (H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 35.) plant branched, procumbent, puberulous ; leaves stalked, oblong, acute, mucronate, veiny, membranaceous ; petals shorter than the sepals ; capsules containing few seeds ; seeds even, shining. If. . F. Native of South America. A. alsinoides, Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 201. Stellaria pu- bescens, Willd. herb, ex Kunth, 1. c. Petals white. Seeds len- ticular, kidney-shaped. Far. a, Quitensis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 409.) spaces of stem between the leaves longer than in var. /3. Stems and branches terete. I/ . F. Native of Quito in groves. Petals white. Var. (3, Novogranatensis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 409.) leaves ob- long, half an inch long, or lanceolate, an inch long ; stems and branches terete. I/ . F. Native of trie Andes in New Granada in temperate places, at the height of 3000 feet. Petals white. Grove Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. -| foot. 94 A. GALIOI'DES (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 410.) stems slender, pilosely-hispid ; leaves lanceolate-linear, acute, thin, ciliated, disposed somewhat in whorled bundles ; flowers in dichotomous panicles ; peduncles capillary, elongated ; sepals lanceolate, acute, nerveless, pilosely hispid, with the edges some- what membranaceous, hardly longer than the corolla. I/ ? H. Native of? Habit of Galium A'nglicum, but more slender. Flowers white. Lady's-Bed-Straw-like Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PL \ to £ foot. 95 A. LANCEOLA'TA (All. ped. no. 1715. t. 26. f. 5.) plant tufted, rather villous ; branches ascending ; leaves lanceolate, narrow, acute, stiff, nerved ; pedicels twice as long as the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, acute, nerved, hardly longer than the corolla ; capsules of 3-valves, length of calyx, with the valves callose at the apex. I/ . H. Native of the Alps of Piedmont in stony pastures. Flowers white. Var. (3, cherlerioides (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 785.) plant small; stems creeping and tufted ; leaves imbricated. — A. cherlerioides, Vill. dauph. 4. p. 626. t. 47. f. 1. %. H. Native of Dauphiny. Flowers white. Lanceolate-leaved Sandwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1 820. PI. ^ foot. 96 A. DE'NSA (Kit. ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 200.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, scabrous ; stems tufted, branched, ascending ; sterile branches short, floral ones generally bearing 3 flowers ; sepals ovate, rather scarious ; petals twice as long as the calyx. I/ . H. Native of Croatia. Petals white. Dense Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PL ^ foot. 97 A. PURPURA'SCENS (Ram. pyr. ined. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 785. and 5. p. 611. icon. pi. rar. gall. p. 14. t. 45.) plant tufted, decumbent ; branches erect, 2 or 3-flowered ; leaves ovate-lan- ceolate, acuminated, glabrous ; pedicels tomentose, scarcely ex- ceeding the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, smooth, with scarious margins, longer than the corolla ; capsules ovately- cylindrical, semi-6-valved, hardly protruding beyond the calyx ; valves acute ; seeds kidney-shaped. I/ . H. Native on the higher Pyrenees. A. cerastioides, Pers. ench. 1. p. 502. Lapey. pyr. abr. p. 252. but not of Poir. Flowers purplish. Purplish-fiovrered. Sandwort. PL ^ foot. 98 A. VIOLA'CEA (Ledeb. ex Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 410.) leaves lanceolate, smoothish ; flowers somewhat panicled, erect, terminal ; peduncles covered with clammy hairs, equal in length to the calyx ; sepals oblong, beset with clammy hairs ; petals narrow, obovate, twice as long as the sepals. % ? H. Native of Siberia towards Ochotsk. A. purpClrea, Willd. Flowers violaceous or purple. Violaceous-flowered Sandwort. FL June, July. PL g to ^ ft. 99 A. ABIETINA (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. app. 181.) stem tufted, ascending, few-flowered, rather villous ; leaves linear- lanceolate, awned, stiff, smooth, ciliated at the base ; petals ob- ovate, emarginate, longer than the acuminated sepals. I/ . H. Native of Sicily. This is certainly a species of Stellaria. Per- haps A. grandiftora, Lin. Fir-like Sandwort. PL % foot. 100 A. MONTANA (Lin. amcen. 4. p. 272.) plant pubescent ; leaves lanceolate-linear ; sterile stems very long, procumbent ; peduncles terminal, very long, 1 -flowered, fruit-bearing ones nodding ; sepals lanceolate, acuminated, much shorter than the corolla ; capsules ovate-globose, of 6-valves, equal in length to the calyx ; valves bluntish ; seeds kidney-shaped, rough. If. . H. Native of the west of France and Spain, on sterile moun- tains. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 784. Vent. eels. t. 34. Sims, bot. mag. 1118. A. linearifolia, Poir. diet. 6. p. 366. Habit of Cerastium. Root creeping ? Flowers large, white. Fruit nodding. Var. ft, intricdta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 410.) leaves almost linear. A. intricate, Duf. in litt. 1£. H. Native of Spain about Va- lentia. Mountain Sandwort. FL April, July. Clt. 1800. PL | foot. 101 A. RUscironA (Poir. diet. 6. p. 365.) leaves coria- ceous, ovate, spinose, edged, approximate ; flowers in dichotomous panicles ; sepals ovate, pungent, striped, almost one-half shorter than the petals ; capsules ovate, of 6 valves exceeding the calyx in length ; valves narrow, acute. 1£ ? H. Native ? Flowers white. Butcher' s-Broom-leaved Sandwort. PL 5- foot. 102 A. RE' PENS (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 410.) plant hairy ; leaves ovate, almost sessile ; stems creeping ; flowers solitary, axillary ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; sepals lan- ceolate, acutish, hardly longer than the corolla, with membrana- ceous margins ; capsules ovate, of 6 valves, equal in length to the calyx ; seeds kidney-shaped, shining, black. I/ . H. Na- tive ? Alsine repens, herb. Deless. Flowers white. Creeping-stemmed Sandwort. Fl. May, July. PL creeping. 103 A. WALLICHIA'NA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 411.) plant very smooth ; leaves ovate-lanceolate ; stems much branch- ed, very numerous ; sepals lanceolate, acute, rather pellucid, 1- nerved, longer than the corolla ; capsules ovate, profoundly 6- valved, equal in length to the calyx; seeds somewhat pear- shaped, rough. Q. H. Native of Nipaul at Narainhetty. A. serpyllifolia, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 215. Very like A. ser- pyllifblia, but distinct. Petals white. WatticKs Sandwort. Fl. June, Aug. PL ^ to | foot. 104 A. URALE'NSIS (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 396.) stem much branched, scabrous ; leaves ovate, acute, sessile, nerved, rather pilose ; peduncles aggregate, beset with glandular pili ; sepals acuminated, exceeding the corolla. O ? H. Native of Siberia on the Ural mountains. Ural Sandwort. PL ^ foot. 105 A. BUXIFOLIA (Poir. diet. 6. p. 362.) plant pubescent; leaves ovate-oblong, sessile ; stems creeping ; peduncles dicho- tomous, generally 2-flowered ; sepals linear, short, obtuse, with CARYOPHYLLE^;. XXXII. ARENARIA. •139 membranaceous margins ; petals hardly longer than the calyx ; capsules ovate, obtuse (of 5 valves ?) equal in length to the calyx. 0. H. Native of Canada. Petals white. Box-leaved Sandwort. PI. creeping. 106 A. SERPYILIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 606.) leaves ovate, acute, sessile, rough, ciliated, and smooth ; stems panicled ; sepals hairy, lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, 3 outermost 5-nerved, green, opaque, almost double the size of the corolla ; capsules ovate, 6-valved at apex, equal in length to the calyx ; seeds exactly kidney-shaped, wrinkled. Q. H. Native throughout the whole of Europe, on walls and dry sandy ground, common, as well as in North America in cultivated ground, and on road sides from New York to Carolina. Smith, engl. bot. t. 923. Curt. lond. fasc. 4. t. 32. FI. dan. 977. Stellaria serpyllifolia, Scop. earn. no. 544. Flowers white, solitary. Var. ft, viscida (Ser. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 411.) stems dwarf; leaves and calyxes full of nerves and clammy. Wild-Thyme-leavedSandtvfort. Fl. July. Britain. PI. £ ft. 107 A. PURSHIA'NA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 414.) stem dichotomous, diffuse ; leaves oval, acutish ; peduncles alter- nate, axillary, solitary, elongated ; sepals acute, length of petals. 0. H. Native of Labrador on the sea-shore. A. thymifolia, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 317. but not of Sibth and Smith. Petals white. Pursh's Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. -J to ^ foot. 108 A. THYMIFOLIA (Smith, fl. graec. t. 441.) stems numerous, slender, panicled ; leaves narrow-spatulate, smooth, 3-nerved ; petals unguiculate, ovate, longer than the 3-nerved sepals. ©. H. Native of Candia. Flowers small, white ; anthers brown- ish. Like A. serpyllifolia. Thyme-leaved Sandwort. PI. -g to \ foot. 109 A. COIMBRICE'NSIS (Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 200. phyt. lus. p. 1 79. t. 73.) leaves fleshy, lanceolate, nerveless, glabrous on the under surface, but pubescent on the upper surface ; stem pa- nicled, dichotomous, erect ; petals twice as long as the sepals ; capsules 6-valved at the apex ; sepals bluntish, nerveless, shorter than the corolla. ©. H. Native of Portugal in sandy ground near Coimbra and elsewhere. Petals white. Coimbra Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. | foot. 110 A. PUBE'SCENS (D'Urv. enum. pi. arch. p. 50.) plant pu- bescent ; leaves ovate, acute, on short footstalks ; stems spread- ing, branched, elongated ; sepals acute, shorter than the corolla. T; . H. Native of the island of Cos on the summits of the mountains at the height of 1 200 feet above the level of the sea. Flowers white. Very like A. ciliata, but differing in all parts of the plant being densely clothed with down ; the leaves are nar- rower, and the sepals are not striped. Pubescent Sandwort. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. PL i foot. 111 A. CINE'REA (D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 811.) plant grey, hairy ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, ciliated, upper ones distant, lan- ceolate, acute ; flowers in dichotomous panicles, on long pedun- cles ; sepals lanceolate, acute, somewhat keeled, almost one-half smaller than the corolla ; capsules ovate, equal in length with the calyx, of 6 valves ; valves callose at the apex. If. . H. Native of the south of France. Flowers white. Cinereous Sandwort. Fl. April, Aug. PI. -j foot. 112 A. BREVICAU'LIS (Sternb. in Spreng. pi. min. cog. 1. p. 31.) leaves oblong, acutish, 3-nerved, ciliated, somewhat imbri- cate ; stems prostrate ; sepals lanceolate, acuminated, striped, exceeding the petals in length, with membranaceous margins. 1? ? H. Native of the Alps of Rhaetia. Petals white. Very like A. ciliata, but differing in the stems being erect, leaves blunt, 1 -nerved ; sepals smaller, and petals 1 -nerved. Short-stemmed Sandwort. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823. PI. £ ft. 113 A. SCA'BRA (Poir. diet. 6. p. 377.) leaves lanceolate, acute, spreading, scabrous ; stem simple, very short ; peduncles panicled, dichotomous ; sepals ovate, acuminated, striped, rough, with membranaceous margins, shorter than the corolla. If. ? H. Native of the Alps of Europe. Flowers white. Scabrous-]eaved Sandwort. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1822. PL $ ft. 114 A. REDO'WSKII (Cham, in Schlecht. Linnaen, 1. p. 58.) leaves elliptical, acute at both ends, mucronate, membranous, ciliated at the base ; stems procumbent, tufted; sepals ovate, acuminated, shorter than the corolla ; petals longer than the calyx. Tf.. H. Native of Siberia. Like A. ciliata. Redorvski's Sandwort. PI. procumbent. 115 A. CRE'TICA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 396.) stem tufted; leaves crowded, oblong, acute, stiffish, smooth ; peduncles ter- minal, usually 1 -flowered, clammy-pubescent ; sepals keeled, acutish, shorter than the corolla. If. H. Native of Candia. A. hirta, Sieb. Cretan Sandwort. PI. -j foot. 116 A. CILIA'TA (Lin. spec. 608.) leaves ovate or obovate, roughish, with a few hairs, 1 -nerved, and ciliated ; stems pro- cumbent; flowers usually solitary; sepals ovate, acute, 5-7- ribbed ; petals obovate, twice as long as the sepals ; capsules ovate, of 6-valves, equal in length to the calyx, if.. H. Native of Europe on high mountains. In Ireland upon the limestone cliffs of a high mountain adjoining to Ben Bulben, in the county of Sligo. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1745. Fl. dan. t. 346. Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 1. p. 245. t. 16. f. 1. Fl. dan. t. 346. A thick, tufted, spreading, procumbent plant. Flowers white. Var. ft, multicaulis (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 783.) leaves pulpy and somewhat leathery, and with the sepals scarcely nerved. A. multicaulis, Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 1. p. 248. 1. 17. f. 1. Flowers white. Ciliated-\ea.\ed Sandwort. Fl. July, Sep. Ireland. PI. pro- cumbent. 117 A. SCOPULORUM (H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 31.) stems elongated, much branched, procumbent; leaves lanceolate-linear, acute, 1-nerved, membranaceous, with the margins and the back ciliated ; calyx glabrous, shorter than the petals ; capsules containing only 2 or 3 seeds ; seeds smooth, shining. If. F. Native of the Andes of Peru at the height of 5100 feet. A. digyna, Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 201. Flowers white. Rocky Sandwort. PI. procumbent. 118 A. DECUSSA'TA (Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. in berl. mag. 1816. p. 35.) plant very much branched, creeping; branches hairy ; leaves lanceolate-linear, acute, mucronate, with thickened margins, 1-nerved, stiff, ciliated ; petals longer than the sepals ; ovary containing 4 or 5 seeds. I/ . F. Native of Mexico near Moran at the height of 3990 feet above the level of the sea. H. B. and Kunth, gen. et spec. 6. p. 34. Petals white. Decussate-leaved Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. 5 to ^ foot. 119 A. SE'RPENS (H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 32.) plant much branched, creeping, glabrous ; leaves oblong, somewhat spatulate, obtuse, rather fleshy, veinless, ciliated at the base ; petals hardly longer than the sepals ; capsules con- taining generally about 15 seeds ; seeds smooth, shining. If. F. Native of Peru at the bottom of mount Chimborazo, at the height of 4920 feet. Flowers white. Serpent Sandwort. PI. creeping. 120 A. RADDIA'NA (Ser. mss. in D.C. prod. 1. p. 412.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, tapering to the base, ciliated ; stems very long, branched, prostrate, glabrous, quadrangular ; peduncles axillary, 1 to 3-flowered ; flowers apetalous. © ? F. Native of Madeira. Sepals lanceolate, pellucid, with three green nerves. Bracteas two, somewhat similar to the sepals. A. alsinoides, Raddi brev. osserv. p. 13. but not of Willd. Raddi's Sandwort. PI. prostrate. 121 A. NORVE'OICA (Gunn. fl. norv. 2. no. 1100. t. 9. f. 7-9. 440 CARYOPHYLLE^l. XXXII. ARENARIA. ex Horn. fl. dan. t. 1269.) plant glabrous; stems terete, pro- cumbent, 1-2-flowered; leaves spatulate, glabrous; flowers terminal, rather globose ; sepals ovate, obtuse, hardly nerved, with the margins rather membranaceous, equal in length with the corolla ; capsule ovate-globose, of 6 valves at the apex, hardly exceeding the calyx. Tf.H. Native of Norway. Petals white. Norwegian Sand wort. Fl. June, July. PL \ foot. 122 A. TRINE'RVIA (Lin. spec. 605.) stern slender, branched; leaves ovate, acute, 3-nerved, stalked, ciliated ; peduncles long, becoming deflexed after flowering ; sepals lanceolate, acute, obscurely 3-nerved, with a rough keel and membra- naceous margins, much longer than the corolla ; capsules ovate, of 6 valves, equal in length to the calyx ; seeds kidney-shaped, black, and smooth. O- H. Native of most parts of Europe in shady bushy places, where the soil is rather moist. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1483. Curt. lond. fasc. 4. t. 31. Fl. dan. t. 429- Petals white. Habit of Alsme media. Three-nerved-leaved Sandwort. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. | to 1 foot. 123 A. MURALIS (Sieb. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 397.) plant clothed with glandular pubescence ; leaves spatulate, acutish, rather fleshy ; stem much branched ; flowers racemose ; petals emarginate, equal with the acute sepals. Q t H. Native of Candia. Petals white. Wall Sandwort. PL i foot. 124 A. OXYPE'TALA (Smith, fl. graec. t. 437.) hairy; stem slender, erect, branched; leaves ovate, acute, stalked, 1 -nerved; peduncles terminal, panicled, dichotomous; calyx hairy, obso- letely 5-nerved ; petals acuminated. O- H. Native of Greece. Plant very like common Chichrreed, but erect. Flowers white. Sharp-petalled Sandwort. PI. \ to £ foot. 125 A. UMBELLA'TA (Sol. in Russ. allepo, ed. 2. p. 252.) stems ascending, leafy, jointed, smooth ; leaves obovate, ciliated ; flowers umbellate ; petals rather torn. (•)• H. Native of Asia Minor. Smith, fl. grsec. t. 439. Plant glaucous. Habit of Holosteum umbellatum. Flowers white. Umbellate-fiowered Sandwort. PL 2 to 3 inches. 126 A. LATERIFLORA (Lin. spec. 605.) stem slender, branch- ed ; leaves broad-ovate, obtuse, ciliated, nerved ; peduncles lateral, long, 1-2-flowered; sepals ovate, obtuse; petals twice as long as the sepals ; capsules ovate, obtuse, twice as long as the calyx (of 3-6 valves?) valves obtuse. If, ? H. Native of the islands of Kamtschatka and St. Lawrence. Hook, fl. bor. amer. t. 34. Similar to A. trinervia, but very distinct. Petals white. Lateral-flowered Sandwort. PL \ to •£ foot. 127 A. CERASTHFOLIA (Ram. in D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 783.) plant tufted, rather woody, branched ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 3- nerved, pubescent ; peduncles terminal, 1 -flowered, clothed with glandular hairs ; sepals lanceolate, bluntish, nerved, shorter than the corolla ; capsules ovate, of 3-valves, hardly exceeding the calyx in length ; valves callose at the apex. I/ . H. Native of the Pyrenees in the chinks of rocks. A. Ramondi, Poir. suppl. 5. p. 3. Flowers white. Chickneed-like Sandwort. PL J foot. 128 A. MACROPHY'LLA (Hook, fl. bor. amer. t. 37.) smooth; leaves lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, tapering to both ends ; peduncles lateral, 2-3-flowered ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acu- minated ; petals oblong, obtuse, much shorter than the sepals ; capsule 6-valved at the apex ; valves obtuse ; stem erect, terete. If. . H. Native of North America on the western coast. Flowers white. Long-leaved Sandwort. PL -| foot. 129 A. CALYCA'NTHA (Ledeb. ex Fisch. in litt. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 412.) leaves oblong, acute, sessile, hardly ciliated at the base ; flowers nodding ; sepals oblong, acute, with membra- naceous margins ; petals perhaps always wanting ; stamens longer than the calyx. O- H. Native of Eastern Siberia. Calyx-flowered Sandwort. PL -| foot. 130 A. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 343.) leaves orbi- cular, hardly ciliated at the base ;. stems filiform, procumbent ; peduncles lateral, 2-leaved, somewhat dichotomous ; sepals lanceolate, acute, with membranaceous margins ; petals obovate, length of calyx. I/. H. Native on the Alps of Caucasus. Round-leaved Sandwort. Fl. March, Aug. PL •£ foot. 131 A. BALEA'RICA (Lin. syst. nat. ed. 12. app. 230.) plant tufted, creeping ; leaves ovate, shining, rather fleshy, ciliated ; peduncles elongated, 1 -flowered ; flowers drooping ; sepals ovate, bluntish, nerveless, much shorter than the corolla ; capsules ovate, of 6 valves, hardly exceeding the calyx in length. If . H. Native of Corsica and the Balearic islands. Lher. stirp. 1. t. 15. A. muscosa, Medic, act. pal. 3. p. 202. t. 12. A pretty little tufted plant, with white flowers. Balearic Sandwort. Fl. March, Aug. CIt. 1 787. PL •§ to \ ft. 132 A. BIFLORA (Lin. mant. 71.) leaves ovate-roundish, glabrous, rather imbricated ; stems procumbent, very much branched ; peduncles lateral, 2- flowered; flower-buds roundish ; sepals ovate, obtuse, shorter than the corolla ; capsules ovate, of 3 valves, length of calyx ; valves callose at the apex. If . H. Native of the south of Europe on the highest Alps, near the limits of perpetual snow. All. ped. no. 1699. t. 44. f. 1. et t. 64. f. 3. good. Jacq icon. rar. t. 83. Flowers white. Var. ft, apetala (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 782.) leaves imbricate, ciliated; flowers apetalous. A. apetala, Vill. dauph. p. 622. t. 48. Tno-flowered Sandwort. PL -J- foot. 133 A.? MUSCOI'DES (H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 32.) plant creeping, glabrous ; leaves small, rather imbricate, linear-lanceolate, nerveless, acutish, rather fleshy ; petals hardly the length of the sepals ; capsules containing few-seeds ; seeds smoothish. If . F. Native of South America on the summit of mount Antisana, at the height of 6900 feet. A. nana, Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 201. Seeds very minute, rather lenticular. Petals white. Moss-like Sandwort. PL creeping. 134 A. TETRA'OYNA (Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 201.) plant much branched, creeping, glabrous ; leaves approximate, oblong-lanceolate, acutish, obsoletely 1 -nerved, rather fleshy, and ciliated towards the base ; corolla exceeding the calyx in length ; styles for the most part 4 ; capsules of 4 valves, containing 8 or 10 seeds ; seed tubercled. O- H. Native of South America on Mount Antisana, at the height of 6300 to 6600 feet. H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 30. Flowers white. Four-styhd Sandwort. PL creeping. 135 A. BRYOI'DES (Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. )). 201 .) plant tufted, glabrous ; leaves small, imbricate, in 4 rows, ovate, obtuse, concave, nerveless, thick, ciliated ; petals shorter than the sepals ; capsules containing only 1 or 2 seeds. If. . F. Native of America in very cold places on Mount Tolucca in Mexico, at the height of 5700 feet. H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 33. Petals white. Bryum-like Sandwort. PL \ foot. 136 A. DICRANOI'DES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec, amer. 6. p. 34.) plant tufted, glabrous ; leaves imbricated in 4 rows, ovate-lanceolate, acute, concave, 1 -nerved, ciliated; flowers terminal, solitary, sessile, with 2 styles. It . F. Native of South America on Mount Antisana, at the height of 6300 feet. Lobelia bryoides, Willd. herb. mss. ex Schlecht. in Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 41. Fruit unknown. Flowers white. Dicranum-like Sandwort. PL -J foot. CARYOPHYLLEjE. XXXII. ARENARIA. XXXIII. MERCKIA. XXXIV. CERASTIUM. 441 137 A. SALZMA'NNI (Presl. ex Sprang, syst. app. 181.) stem much branched, flaccid, villous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, hispidly-ciliated ; panicle dichotomous ; sepals 3-nerved, with scarious margins, shorter than the corolla, but longer than the sub-globose capsule. If. . H. Native of Sicily. Salzmann's Sandwort. PI. -j to |- foot. 138 A. SPATULAVTA (Desf. atl. 1. p. 358.) plant pubescent ; leaves spatulate, ciliated at the base ; stem erect, filiform, branched ; flowers panicled, dichotomous ; sepals oblong, pu- bescent, with membranaceous margins, much shorter than the corolla ; capsules ovate, equal in length to the calyx (of 5 valves?) valves callose at the apex. O- H. Native of Barbary in sand near Algiers. A. cerastioides, Poir. diet. 6. p. 363. but not of D. C. nor Lapeyr. Anthers blue. Petals white, slightly emarginate, obovate. Spatulate-\ea.\e& Sandwort. PI. -J- foot. 139 A. PROCU'MBENS (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 50. t. 33.) plant pubescent ; leaves linear-lanceolate and elliptic ; stems pros- trate ; peduncles elongated, panicled ; sepals lanceolate, bluntish, with membranaceous margins, a little longer than the corolla ; capsule (of 5 valves ?) equal in length with the calyx ; seeds very small. If.. H. Native of Tunis, Egypt, and Naples among rubbish. A. herniariaefolia, Desf. atl. 1. p. 358. A. geniculata, Poir. diet. 6. p. 365. A. rosea, Presl. ex Spreng. Petals red and white. Procumbent Sandwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1801. PL -^ ft. 140 A. JVSSIEX. (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 174.) leaves lanceolate, acute, scabrous ; flowers solitary, on long peduncles ; sepals keeled, acute with membranous margins, scabrous ; petals a little shorter than the capsule, but a little longer than the calyx. 1£ . F. Native of Brazil. ' Plant decumbent, 2 feet long. Cap- sule 3-valved. Jussieu's Sand-wort. Fl. March. PI. decumbent. t Species not sufficiently known, but evidently all belonging to the last division of the genus. 141 A. ROSA'NI (Ten. prod. p. 26. and cat. 1819. p. 43.) leaves linear-lanceolate, mucronate, hairy, striated ; stem erect, hairy, generally 3-flowered ; petals obovate, twice the length of the striped calyx. If. . H. Native of Lucania. Petals white. Rosani's Sandwort. PI. \\ inch. 142 A. BARTOLO'TTI (Tineo. pi. rar. sic. pug. 1. p. 10.) leaves lanceolate, almost glabrous; stem decumbent, panicled, dicho- tomous, 2-edged ; panicle pubescent ; petals ovate, almost equal in length with the calyx ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, with membranaceous margins. If. ? H. Native of Sicily by the sea-side near Gela. Petals white ? Bartolotti's Sandwort. PI. -J- foot. 143 A. MOLLUGINIFO'LIA (Pour. exSchlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 201.) leaves obovate, acute; peduncles bifid, drooping. 1(. ? H. Native of Spain. Mollugo-leaved Sandwort. PI. i foot. 144 A. SERI'CEA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 414.) leaves silky, lanceolate, ciliated ; stem erect ; branches 1 -flowered ; corolla shorter than the calyx. 1£?H. Native of Siberia. A. purpufea, Willd. herb. exSchlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 211. Petals purple ? Silky-\eave& Sandwort. PI. -| ? 145 A. CLANDESTI'NA (Portenschlag. pi. dalm. t. 1. ined.) leaves linear-lanceolate, acute ; stem simple, 1 -flowered ; flower large, nodding ; peduncles short ; sepals oblong, obtuse, 5- times shorter than the corolla ; petals very long and very narrow, linear, acute ; stamens or 5 small egg-shaped little bodies seated between the ovary and the petals ; ovary oblong ; styles 3 ; stigmas forked. If.? Q. H. Native of Dalmatia. Perhaps a proper genus. Perhaps the same as A. calyclna. VOL. i. — PART v. Clandestine Sandwort. PL \ foot. 146 A. ? STELLARIOI'DES (Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 209.) leaves ciliary-serrulated; stems pubescent, somewhat panicled ; sepals lanceolate, longer than the corolla. Native of Caucasus. Stitchnort-like Sandwort. PL £ foot. 147 A. AFFI'NIS (Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 198.) leaves oblong, acute, stalked ; upper ones sessile ; corolla shorter than the calyx. Native of Siberia. Allied Sandwort. PL \ foot. . Cult. Arenaria is a genus of dwarf herbaceous plants, for the most part perennial, the most of which are well adapted for ornamenting rock-work, but some of the rarer species should be grown in small pots well drained with potsherds, in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat, and placed among other alpine plants. Those species marked frame only require to be sheltered during frost. The perennial species may be either increased by divid- ing the plants at the root, by seeds, or cuttings planted under a hand-glass will root freely. The annual kinds are not so shewy as the perennials, therefore they are not worth cultivating, except in botanical gardens ; they may be either sown on the rock-work or in the annual arrangement. XXXIII. ME'RCKIA (in honour of Dr. Merk, who tra- velled in Eastern Asia). Cham, in Schlecht. Liim:ca. vol. 2. LIN. SYST. Penldndria, Trigynia. Calyx 5-parted. Pe- tals 5, unguiculate, entire. Stamens 5, alternating with the sepals ; filaments filiform ; anthers fixed by the middle, some- what globose. Styles 3. Capsule sessile, inflated, depressedly- globose, furrowed, imperfectly 3-celled, 3-valved, with the dissepiments 2-parted, bearing the seeds. Seeds numerous, or few, pear-shaped. Embryo hooked with the radical towards the hilum. Herbs with creeping roots, and fleshy, opposite leaves on short footstalks. Flowers stalked, terminal, and la- teral, solitary. 1 M. PHYSO'DES (Fisch. in litt. ex Cham. 1. c.) tufted ; leaves ovate, acute, ciliated, distant, thin ; peduncles long ; sepals lan- ceolate, acutisl), equal in length to the corolla ; seeds small, pear-shaped. 2£.H. Native of Kamtschatka and in Eschscholtz Bay in the sea-sand. Arenaria physodes, D. C. prod. 1. p. 413. Flowers white. Seeds numerous. Bladdery-capsvAed Merkia. PL creeping. 2 M. PEPLOI DBS ; leaves ovate, acute, fleshy, approximate, ciliated at the base ; peduncles short ; sepals oblong, acutish, equal in length to the corolla ; seeds few, large, pear-shaped. I/ . H. Native throughout northern Europe in the sea-sand ; plentiful in Britain. Arenaria peploides, Lin. spec. 605. Smith, engl. bot. t. 189. FL dan. 189. Honkenya peploides, Erhr. beit. 2. p. 181. Flowers red. Capsule roundish, equalling the calyx. The plant is fermented and used by the Icelanders for food. Peplis-like Merckia. Fl. June, Aug. Brit. PL creeping. Cult. These plants will grow in any common garden-soil, and are easily increased by dividing the plants at the root. XXXIV. CERA'STIUM (from «pac mrparoc, Jceras keralos, a horn ; because many of the species have capsules exactly of the form of an ox's horn). Lin. gen. no. 797. Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 231. 1. 130. f. 6. D. C. prod. 1. p. 414. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Pentagynia, Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, bifid. Stamens 10. Styles 5. Capsules 1-celled, cylin- drical or globose, opening at the apex by 10 circinnate or ascending teeth. Flowers of all white. SECT. 1. STRE'PHODON (trrpetyw, strepho, to turn, and olovg c, odous odontos, a tooth ; in allusion to the revolute teeth 3L 442 CARYOPHYLLE^E. XXXIV. CERASTIUM. of the. capsule). Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 414. Capsules cylindrical, with circinnate or revolute teeth. 1 C. PAUCIFLO'RUM (Stev. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 414.) plant pilose ; leaves lanceolate, acute ; flowers few, on long dichotomous peduncles, nodding, with a solitary flower rising from the fork ; petals and capsules much longer than the calyx. Q. H. Native of Siberia. Feiv-jlomered Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. | foot. 2 C. NEMORA'IE (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 317.) plant hairy, clammy ; stem erect, upper part forked ; cauline leaves lanceo- late, acute ; flowers axillary, solitary, spreading, on long pe- duncles ; petals length of calyx ; capsules hardly longer than the calyx. ©• H. Native of Caucasus in groves. Grove Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818. PL 1 foot. 3 C. PERFOLIA'TUM (Lin. spec. 627.) plant glabrous and glaucous ; stem erect, branched, or simple ; leaves lanceolate, connate, bluntish ; flowers in umbels ; petals much shorter than the calyx. ' Q. H. Native of Greece, Barbary, and Siberia in sandy places. — Dill. elth. 295. t. 217. f. 284. good. Perfoliate-leaved Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1725. PI. 2 feet. 4 C. CAUCA'SICUM (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 414.) stem erect, dichotomous ; branches elongated ; cauline leaves lan- ceolate, glabrous, but with scabrous margins ; petals length of the glabrous sepals ; capsules shorter than the pubescent pedicels. O- H. Native of Caucasus. C. elong&tum, Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 316. but not of Pursh. Flowers about the size of those of Stellaria Holostea. Capsules somewhat cylindrical, broad, a little longer than the calyx. Caucasian Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. Ju. Jul. PI. 1 foot. 5 C. FRI'GIDUM (Bieb. fl. taur. p. 362. suppl. p. 320.) plant villous; stems branched at the base, ascending, dichotomously umbellate ; leaves lanceolate, acute, hairy ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; petals much longer than the calyx ; capsules oblong. If. . H. Native of the alps of Caucasus. C. -purpurascens, Adams, ap. Web. et Mohr. cat. 1. p. 60. Flowers blue. Frigid Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May. PL ^ to -j foot. 6 C. DAHU'RICUM (Fisch. in Spreng. pi. min. cog. 2. p. 65. Schrank. hort. monac. t. 75. good.) plant smoothish, glaucous ; stem dichotomous ; leaves cordate-ovate, clasping the stem ; fruit-bearing peduncles very long and deflexed ; sepals lanceo- late, with scarious margins ; petals semibifid, longer than the calyx. I/ . H. Native of all parts of Siberia amongst rubbish. C. connatum ? Willd. ex Steud. nom. C. amplexicaule, Sims, bot. mag. 1. 1789. good. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 148. no. 49. t. 62. f. 1. Var. ft, Holosteum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 415.) leaves linear-lan- ceolate, clasping the stem and rather ciliated ; stems and pedun- cles rather hairy. Fisch. in litt. C. nitens, Stev. in litt. Dahurian Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1815. PL 1 to 3 feet. 7 C. MA'XIMUM (Lin. spec. 629.) plant puberulous ; stems diffuse ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminated, tapering to both ends ; flowers large, in dichotomous umbels ; petals crenated and 2-lobed ; capsules ovate, about the length of the calyx. Tj. . H. Native of Siberia. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 150. no. 51. t. 62. f. 2. Stems more or less hairy. Roots creeping. Larger-flowered Mouse-ear Chickweed. FL May, Sept. Clt. 1792. PL | to 1 foot. 8 C. STELLARIOI'DES (Moc. pi. nutk. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 415.) stem erect, dicholomous, branched, generally 3-flowered, and are as well as leaves glabrous ; leaves oblong, acuminated ; pedicels 1 -flowered, terminal ; sepals lanceolate ; petals semibifid, twice the length of the calyx. Q. H. Native of North Ame- rica, about Nutka. Stitchrvort-like Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June. July. Clt. 1810. PL | foot. 9 C. MOLLI'SSIMUM (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 164.) leaves clasping the stem, lanceolate, acute, covered with soft down ; panicle diffuse, somewhat umbellate, O? H. Native of Peru. Very like C. perfolialum. Softest Mouse-ear Chickweed. PL 1 foot. SECT. II. O'RTHODON (from opBog, orthos, straight, and ot olovrof, odous odontos, a tooth ; in allusion to the teeth of the calyx being straight). Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 415. Capsules cylindrical or ovate, with the margins of the teeth revolute. § 1 . Petals equal in length to the calyx or smaller. * Capsules cylindrical, longer than the calyx. 10 C. DICHO'TOMUM (Lin. spec. 628.) plant pilose, clammy; stem branched at the top, dichotomous, with a solitary flower in each fork ; peduncles and petals almost equal in length to the calyx ; segments of calyx lanceolate, acute ; capsules very long, erect ; leaves lanceolate. O- H. Native of Spain and Algiers among corn. C. inflatum and C. glandulosum, Hort. berl. appear to be only varieties. Myosotis dichotomum, Mcench. meth. 225. Alsine corniculata, Cluss. hist. 2. p. 184. .For&erf-stemmed Mouse-ear Chickweed. FL June, Jul. Clt. 1725. PL 4 foot. 11 C. RUDERA'LE (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 357. suppl. p. 318.) plant hairy ; stem erect, dichotomous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, bluntish ; flowers somewhat umbellate ; peduncles much longer than the calyx ; segments of calyx lanceolate, acute, equal in length to the petals ; capsules pendulous, twice the length of calyx. O- H. Native of Caucasus near Kisljar. Rubbish Mouse-ear Chickweed. FL June, July. Clt. 1817. PL | foot. 12 C. TAU'RICUM (Spreng. ex herb. Balb. B.C. prod. 1. p. 415.) plant hairy ; stem erect, much branched ; leaves ovate, lower ones tapering to the base, upper ones sessile ; flowers dichotomously-panicled, equal in length with the peduncles ; petals length of calyx ; capsules oblong, rather tapering, twice the length of calyx. Q. H. Native of Tauria. Very like C. vulgatum, but the stems are more branched, leaves more numerous, and the flowers much smaller. Taurian Mouse-ear Chickweed. FL May, July. Clt. 1820. PL J foot. 13 C. ILLY'RICUM (Arduin. spec. D. C. prod. 1. p. 420.) flowers generally pentandrous ; petals emarginate ; stems very spreading and very hairy; calyx externally hairy. O- H. Native of the Morea and the Island of Cyprus on mountains. C. pilosum, Sibth. and Smith, fl. graec. t. 454. but hot of Horn. Flowers pentandrous, but according to Arduin decandrous. A spreading plant like C. vulgatum. Illyrian Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. PL \ foot. 14 C. VULGA' TUM (Lin. spec. 627.) plant hairy, rather clammy, pale-green; stems erect ; leaves elliptic, very blunt ; flowers dicho- tomous, somewhat umbellate, longer than the peduncles ; petals equalling the calyx in length ; capsules oblong, tapering, twice as long as the calyx. O- H. Native throughout the whole of Europe in fields, waste ground, as well as on walls and dry banks, common. Plentiful in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 789. C. viscosum, Huds. ang. 200. Curt. lond. fasc. 2. t. 35. Bieb. fl. taur. and suppl. no. 884 — Vaill. par. 1. t. 30. f. 3. C. bar- bulatum, Wahl. fl. carp. no. 446. C. rotundifolium, Sternb. et Hopp. in mem. soc. ratisb. 1818. p. 113. ex Bieb. 1. c. Var. ft, glomeratum (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 776.) leaves very CARYOPHYLLE&. XXXIV. CERASTIUM. 443 blunt ; flowers umbellately glomerate. C. ovale, Pers. ench. 1 . p. 521. Var. y, Americanum (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 416.) stem very short, few-flowered ; leaves imbricate. C. pumilum, Rafin. in litt. but not of Curt. lond. C. semidecandrum of American authors. ©. H. Native of North America on dry, barren, and sunny hills ; frequent in Pennsylvania and Virginia. Var. S, tenellum (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 416.) plant very minute, filiform; stems 1-2-flowered. ©. H. Native about Geneva in sandy places. C. tenellum, Gaud. fl. helv. mss. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. April, July. Britain. PI. -| to |^ foot. 15 C. VISCOSUM (Lin. spec. 627.) plant hairy and clammy, dark-green ; stems recumbent ; leaves lanceolate-oblong ; flowers dichotomously- umbellate ; peduncles and petals equal in length with the calyx ; capsules rather pendulous, terete, twice the length of the calyx. 7£. H. Native of most parts of Europe in meadows, pastures, waste ground and on walls ; very common also in North America from Canada to Carolina (Pursh). Plen- tiful in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 790. C. vulgatum, Huds. 200. Bieb. fl. taur. and suppl. no. 883. Curt. lond. fasc. 2. t. 34. C. sylvaticum, Schleich. exsic. C. obscurum, Chaub. in St. Amans. fl. agen. p. 180. bouq. t. 4. f. 1. Clammy Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, Sept. Britain. PI. recumbent. 16 C. HOLOSTEOIVDES (Fries, nov. fl. succ. III.) stem pubes- cent on one side ; peduncles pilose ; leaves oblong, glabrous ; petals shorter than the calyx ; margins of calyx scariose. TJ. . H. Native of Sweden. Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. p. 138. Holosteum-like House-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. PI. | foot. 17 C. STRIOO'SUM (Fries, nov. fl. succ. III.) stem erect; leaves oblong, obtuse, strigose ; flowers somewhat capitate ; sepals lanceolate, hispid, greatly exceeding the petals in length. If. 1 H. Native of Sweden. Str igose Mouse-ear Chickweed. PI. -y to \ foot. 18 C. PELLU'CIDUM (Chaubard, in St. Amans. fl. agen. p. 181.) bouq. t. 4. f. 2.) plant villous and clammy ; stems erect ; leaves ovate- roundish ; peduncles 3 or 4 times longer than the calyx ; bracteas of the universal forks rather membranaceous, pellucid ; petals longer than the calyx. Q. H. Native of sandy places towards Agen. Perhaps only a variety of C. semidecandrum. Flowers pentandrous. Pellucid-leaved Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. April, May. PI. | foot. 19 C. SEMIDECA'NDRUM (Lin. spec. 627.) plant hairy, viscid; stems erect ; leaves ovate-lanceolate ; flowers pentandrous, di- chotomously-umbellate ; peduncles longer than the calyx ; petals slightly cloven ; capsules terete, deflexed after flowering, twice the length of the calyx. Q. H. Native of most parts of Europe in waste and sandy ground ; also on walls in the out- skirts of towns or villages, very frequent. Plentiful in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1630. Curt. lond. fasc. 2. t. 33. — Vaill. bot. par. t. 30. f. 2. Var. {3, pumilum (Curt. lond. fasc. 6. t. 30.) petals cloven a third of their length. ©. H. On dry banks near Croydon, Surrey. Var. y, alsinoides (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 776.) calycine lobes scariose on the margins and apices. C. alsinoides, Pers. ench. 1. p. 521. ©. H. Native about Montpelier. Semidecandrous Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. March, April. Britain. PI. ^ foot. 20 C. PENTA'NDRUM (Lin. spec. 627.) plant procumbent, and rather clammy ; radical leaves spatulate ; cauline ones oval- orbicular ; segments of calyx acuminated, longer than the slightly cloven petals ; capsules shorter than the pedicels. 0. H. Native of Spain and Tauria among rubbish. Bieb. fl. taur. 1 • p. 359. suppl. p. 319. Perhaps a mere variety of the last. Pentandrous Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1821. PL £ foot. 21 C. ANDRO'SACEUM (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 416.) plant very small, and very hairy ; leaves ovate ; stem dichoto- mous ; flowers rather capitate in threes on stalks, involucrate at the base ; segments of calyx narrow, very acute. ©.H. Native about Constantinople. C. pilosum, Castagne in litt. but not of Horn, nor Ledeb. Habit of Androsace villosa. Androsace-like Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. April, May. PI. I foot. 22 C. GRA'CILE (Duf. in ann. gen. sc. ph. 7. p. 304.) plant erect, slender, dichotomous, clothed with clammy pubescence ; lower leaves ovate, stalked, upper ones ovate-lanceolate, sessile ; flowers solitary, distant ; peduncles hardly longer than the flowers, fruit-bearing ones deflexed ; corolla length of calyx ; capsules protruding, oblong; stamens either 5 or 10. ©. H. Native of Spain on rocks at a place called La Sierra de Vernisa, near St. Philip. Very like C. pentdndrum or C. semidecandrum. Slender Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. PI. i foot. 23 C. BRACHYPE'TALUM (Desp. in Pers. ench. 1. p. 520.) stem erect, tomentose, dichotomous ; leaves ovate ; flowers panicled ; peduncles longer than the flowers ; calyx villous, longer than the petals ; capsules hardly exceeding the length of the calyx. 0. H. Native of Europe among rubbish. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 777. icon. pi. gall. t. 44. C. canescens, Horn, ex Spreng. in herb. Balb. Stems and leaves very hairy. Short-petalled Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1816. PI. ^ to | foot. 24 C. SPATULA'TUM (Pers. ench. 1. p. 520.) stem simple, rather villous ; leaves hairy, lower ones obovately- spatulate, stalked, cauline ones somewhat ovate, sessile ; flowers glomerate. ©. H. Native of Jamaica. Capsules a little longer than the calyx. Spatulate-leaved. Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. PI. i to \ foot. 25 C. FU'LVUM (Rafin. prec. p. 36. journ. bot. 1814. p. 269.) plant clothed with fulvous hairs ; stem erect, angular ; leaves obtuse ; flowers dichotomous ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; petals equal in length to the calyx ; capsules nodding, arched. ©. H. Native of Pennsylvania and Virginia. Fulvous-haired Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, June. PI. | to | foot. 26 C. MURA'LE (Desp. in B.C. fl. fr. 5. p. 609.) plant hairy, erectish, stiff; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, numerous ; flowers length of pedicels, disposed in bundles ; petals emarginate, equal in length to the calyx ; capsules oblong, scarcely exceeding the calyx in length. 2£? H. Native of France. Wall Mouse-ear Chickweed. PL \ to -J- foot. 27 C. DIFFU'SUM (Pers. ench. 1. p. 520.) stem much branched, villous, opaque, diffuse ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, rather hispid ; flowers dichotomously panicled, numerous ; pedicels length of flowers ; petals emarginate, shorter than the calyx ; capsules obovate, about equal in length to the calyx. "%. . H. Native ? Habit of Stellaria arenaria. Diffuse Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1820. PI. \ to $ foot. * * Capsules egg-shaped, equalling the calyx in length, or shorter. 28 C. SERPYLLIFOLIUM (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 26 ? Link, enum. 1. p. 433.) stem decumbent at the base, hairy, rather clammy ; leaves lanceolate, tapering to the base, distant ; flowers dichotomous, on short pedicels, with a solitary flower in each 3 1,2 444 CARYOPHYLLEJE. XXXIV. CERASTIUM. fork, on a long pedicel; capsules ovate, shorter than the calyx. If. . H. Native of Siberia. C. serpillifolium, Bieb. ex Stev. inlitt. 1817. Wild-thyme-leaved Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI. decumbent. 29 C. LONGIFO'LIUM (Willd. spec. 2. p. 814. but not of Poir.) stem erect, dichotomous, hairy, clammy ; leaves linear-lanceo- late ; sepals with membranaceous margins ; petals shorter than the calyx ; fruit-bearing peduncles horizontal ; capsules length of calyx. O- H. Native of Armenia. Long-leaved Mouse-ear Chickweed. PI. J to -\ foot. 30 C. COMMERSONIAVNUM (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 417.) stem dichotomous, viscid, angular ; leaves linear, very long, ses- sile, rather viscid ; flowers dichotomously-umbellate ; sepals lanceolate, acute, hardly membranaceous at the margins ; corolla and capsule length of calyx. O- I/ ? H. Native of Monte Video. C. longifolium, Juss. ex Poir. suppl. 2. p. 164. but not of Willd. Comma-son's Mouse-ear Chickweed. PI. ^ foot. 31 C. AQUA'TICUM (Lin. spec. 629.) plant rather hairy; root creeping ; stem weak, straggling, round, forked ; leaves heart- shaped, sessile ; peduncles lateral, solitary, 1 -flowered, viscid; sepals ovate, slightly marginate ; capsule ovate, length of calyx or longer, opening by 5 cloven teeth. 1£. H. B. Native of many parts of Europe in watery places and on the margins of rivers and ditches ; plentiful in Britain. Smith, eng. bot. t. 538. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 1. t. S4. The general appearance of this plant much resembles Stellaria nemorum. Petals white, equal with the calyx. This plant is said by M. Sering to be the Larbrea aqudtica of St. Hilaire, but that is a truly distinct plant with perigynous stamens belonging to Paronychiece. Water Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. July. Britain. PL de- cumbent. 32 S. TE'NUE (Viv. app. fl. cors. in Schlecht. Linnasa. 1. p. 501.) smooth, erect ; leaves linear-lanceolate; peduncles elon- gated ; sepals 3-nerved, with membranous margins, nearly twice the length of the corolla; capsule oblong. O- H. Native of Corsica. Low Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ foot. 33 S. HETEKOPHY'LLUM (Viv. app. fl. cors. in Schlecht. Lin- naea. 1. p. 501.) leaves smoothish, lower ones ovate, upper ones linear ; calyx hairy, equalling the corolla in length ; capsule round. O- H. Native of Corsica. Variable-leaved Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. Ju. Jul. PI. \ ft. § 2. Petals exceeding the calyx in length. * Capsules equal in length with the calyx, or shorter. 34 C. MA'NTICUM (Lin. spec. 629.) plant very smooth ; leaves lanceolate-linear ; stem straight, dichotomous ; peduncles very long ; sepals and bracteas lanceolate, acute, with membranaceous margins, shorter than the corolla , capsules ovate, almost equal in length to the calyx. .©. H. Native of Italy and Hungary on the mountains. Walds. and Kit. hung. 1. p. 96. t. 96. Stellaria Mantica, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 794. Mantic Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1801. PI. | to 1 foot. 35 C. RUPE'STRE (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 417.) plant rather pilose ; stems prostrate, branched ; leaves ovate-linear ; flowers dichotomous, with a solitary flower in each fork on a long peduncle ; sepals ovate, obtuse, with membranaceous mar- gins ; petals cloven, much longer than the calyx ; capsules egg- shaped, almost equal in length to the calyx. I/ . H. Native of the alps of Siberia in bogs overflowed by the melting of the snow above a place called Tschala. Rock Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. PI. prostrate. 36 C. FONTA'NUM (Baumg. fl. trans, ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 416.) stem creeping, somewhat tetragonal, hairy; leaves pilose, radical ones spatulate, cauline ones ovate ; flowers panicled ; petals shorter than the calyx ; capsule ovate-globose. 7/ . H. Native of Transylvania. Fountain Mouse-ear Chickweed. PI. creeping. 37 C. CILIA'TUM (Kit. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 417.) stem straight ; leaves linear, in fascicles, scabrous above, but revolute and smooth beneath ; peduncles terminal, elongated, corymbose ; petals bifid, much longer than the obtuse sepals. I/ . H. Native of Croatia on the Matra mountains. C. Matrense, Kit. in Spreng. pi. min. cogn. 1. p. 33. Panicle terminal, leafy. Ciliated Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1817. Pl.£ ft. 38 C. ELONGA'TUM (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 321. but not of Bieb.) plant hairy ; leaves linear, longer than the internodes, divaricating ; peduncles terminal, elongated, di-trichotomous ; bracteas ovate ; petals emarginate, twice the length of the acute sepals ; capsules somewhat globose. 2£. H. Native of North America on the plains of the Columbia river. Elongated-peduncled Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. Apr. May, 39 C. DEFLE'XUM (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 417.) plant downy ; stem tall, dichotomous, panicled ; leaves ovate-lanceo- late, waved ; flowers erect, small ; petals exceeding the calyx ; capsule-bearing peduncles deflexed ; capsules hardly equalling the calyx in length. If. ? H. Native of the north of Persia. Z>e/Ze.rerf-peduncled Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, July. PI. 1 foot. 40 C. TENUIFOLIUM (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 321.) plant tufted, clothed with very fine pubescence ; leaves narrow, linear, longer than the internodes ; flowers on long peduncles ; petals obovate, emarginate, almost three times the length of the acute sepals. 7£. H. Native of North America on the banks of the Schuylkill and Delaware, Pennsylvania. Very like C. an-ense. Fine-leaved Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, Ju. PI. -j foot. 41 C. FURCA'TUM (Cham, in Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 61.) pu- bescent, glandular above ; stem nearly simple ; leaves broad, lanceolate, acute, hairy ; flowers dichotomously-panicled ; sepals obtuse ; petals twice the length of the sepals ; capsule shorter than the calyx. O- H. Native of Siberia. Forked-stemmed Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ to 1 foot. 42 C. CAMPANULA' TUM (Viv. aiinal. bot. 1. p. 2. p. 171. t. 1.) plant ascending, diffuse, villous ; radical leaves spatulate ; cauline ones oblong ; panicle dichotomous ; corollas campanulate ; petals semibifid, twice as long as the calyx ; capsules ovoid, equal in length with the calyx. Q. H. Native about Rome. Sebas. rom. pi. fasc. 2. p. 12. t. 3. f. 1. C. Ligusticum, Viv. cat. hort. Dinegro. C. praevcox, Ten. fl. neap. 1. p. 27. Campanulate-fiowered Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1824. PI. | foot. 43 C. INCA'NUM (Ledeb. mem. acad. scienc. potz. 5. p. 514.) plant erect, hoary, pubescent; leaves oblong-linear, acute, clothed with very short, appressed hairs ; peduncles trichoto- mous ; sepals with membranaceous margins ; petals spatulate, semibifid at the apex, twice the length of the calyx ; capsules globose, inclosed in the calyx. I/ . H. Native of the south of Siberia. Hoary Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. PI. £ to ^ ft. 44 C. GRANDIFLORUM (Waldst. et Kit. pi. hung. 2. t. 168.) stems creeping ; leaves linear, acute, with somewhat revolute margins, hoary, tomentose ; flowers dichotomous ; sepals oblong, scarcely hoary, with scarious margins ; petals twice the length of calyx; capsules oblong. T(.. H. Native of Hungary and Iberia on dry hills. West, in flora, 1820. p. 357. C. argen- CARYOPHYLLE.E. XXXIV. CERASTIUM. 445 teum, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 36 1. suppl. 320. C. incanum, Hoffm. hort. mosc. ann. 1808. ex Bieb. 1. c. Very like C. tomentbsum, but differs in being less hoary, and the leaves narrower and more acute, hardly revolute at the margins. Great-flowered Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. £ foot. * * Capsules exceeding the calyx in length. 45 C. TOMENTO'SUM (Lin. spec. 629. var. ft.) root creeping; stem diffuse, hoary-tomentose as well as the leaves, which are oblong- spatulate, upper ones lanceolate ; panicle erect, dichoto- mous ; sepals elliptic, lanceolate, hoary-tomentose, with scarious margins ; capsules sub-cylindrical, longer than or equal with the calyx. if. H. Native of the south of Europe on moun- tains in Provence, Greece, &c. In the gardens of France it is called Oreille de souris. Smith, fl. graec. 455. Col. phytob. ed. 1744. p. 115. t. 31. C. Columnae, Tenor, prod. p. 27. cat. app. p. 44. C. tomentosum, Lam. diet. 1. p. 680. Flowers large. Tomentose Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1648. PI. i foot. 46 C. WiLLDENoVii (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec, amer. 6. p. 29.) stems erect, forked at the apex, and are woolly as well as the leaves, which are ovate-lanceolate and acute ; calyx pubescent ; capsules oblong-cylindrical, many-seeded, rather arched, hardly exceeding the calyx in length ; seeds brown, small. 1£. H. Native of Quito in South America. Stellaria mollis, Willd. herb, ex S'chlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 196. Flowers about the size of those of C. arvense. Willdenores Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, Jul. PI. \ ft. 47 C. NIPAULE'NSE ; hairy; lower leaves spatulate, upper ones lanceolate, acute ; flowers terminal, glomerate ; sepals acute, and are as well as the pistils shorter than the corolla ; stem decumbent, branched. If. H. Native of Nipaul at Na- rainhetty. C. grandifl6rum, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 216. Stems decumbent, much branched. Flowers large, white. Nipaul Mouse-ear Chickweed. PI. ^ foot. 48 C. BIEBERSTEI'NII (D. C. in mem. soc. phys. gen. vol. 1.) root creeping ; stem diffuse, woolly-tomentose as well as the leaves, which are ovate-lanceolate ; peduncles erect, dichotomous ; sepals oblong, tomentose, with scarious margins ; capsules ovate, subcylindrical, longer than the calyx. Tf. . H. Native of Tauria on the higher mountains. Hook, hot. mag. t. 2702. C. tomento- sum, var. a, Lin. spec. 629. ? C. repens, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 360. suppl. 320. but not of Lin. — Moris, oxon. 2. sect. 5. t. 22. f. 44. ? Differing from C. tomentosum in the leaves being much broader and the flowers and fruit larger. Bieberstein's Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. | foot. 49 S. BEERINGIA'NUM (Cham, in Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 62.) plant hairy and clammy above ; stems tufted, leafy at the base, erect, elongated above and few-leaved ; leaves oblong-acutish ; flowers at length drooping ; sepals elliptical, acute ; petals and capsules one-half longer than the calyx. If . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Beering's Mouse-ear Chickweed. PI. -J to -| foot. 50 C. PUSI'LLUM (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 418.) stems erect, generally 2-flowered ; leaves ovate, finely tomentose, sessile ; sepals lanceolate, acute, hairy ; capsules cylindrical, 3-times longer than the calyx, with small teeth. ©• H. Native of Siberia. Small Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. Ju. Clt. 1824. PI. £ ft. 51 C. LANA'TUM (Lam. diet. 1. p. 680.) stems prostrate, tufted ; leaves densely woolly, lower ones roundish, upper ones ovate ; flowers dichotomous ; sepals lanceolate, with scariose margins ; capsules ovate-cylindrical, almost double the length of the calyx. I/ . H. Native of the Alps of Europe. Myosotis lanata, Mcench. suppl. p. 308. C. villosum, Baumg. Var. ft, T/tomasianum (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 418.) stems, leaves, and calyxes glabrous. TJ. . H. Native of the Pyrenees, in a valley called Eynes. Woolly Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. prostrate.. 52 C. IMBRICA'TUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 28.) plant much branched, creeping ; leaves rather mem- branaceous, imbricated in four rows, rather spatulate-oblong, obtuse, clothed with soft hairs on both surfaces ; capsules oblong- cylindrical, longer than the hairy calyx ; seeds roundish, brown, emarginate at the base. If. F. Native of South America on the summits of the mountains of Cotopaxi and Antisana, at the height of 5700 to 6600 feet. Flowers about the size of those of C. vulgatum. Imbricated-lenved Mouse-ear Chickweed. PI. -| foot. 53 C. FISCHERIA'NUM (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 419.) plant hairy, rather clammy ; stems prostrate ; leaves ovate, ses- sile, distant ; flowers dichotomously umbellate, on short pedun- cles, with a solitary flower in each fork on a long peduncle ; sepals lanceolate, bluntish, with scariose margins ; petals twice as long as the calyx. I/ . H. Native of Kamtschatka, Una- laschka, and Behring's Straits. C. hirsutum, Fisch. in litt. but not of Tenore. C. pilosum, Ledeb. ? Very like C. viscosum, and alplnum. Fischer's Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. PI. pros- trate. 54 C. ALPIVNUM (Lin. spec. 628.) root creeping ; stems pros- trate ; leaves elliptical, subglabrous, or clothed with white hairs ; panicle dichotomous ; flowers few, on long peduncles ; sepals oblong, recurved, bluntish, with scarious, membranaceous mar- gins ; petals twice as long as the calyx ; capsules oblong, re- curved, almost double the length of the calyx. I/. . H. Native of the Pyrenees. On the mountains of Scotland and Wales by the sides of alpine rills, plentifully. Smith, engl. hot. t. 472. Fl. dan. t. 6. C. latifolium, Lighf. scot. p. 242. t. 10. C. glabra- tum, Hartm. There is a more hoary variety which has been often taken for C. latifolium of Lin. It is a very polymorphous plant, sometimes green, sometimes hoary. The three following varieties are enumerated by Mr. Brown. Var. a ; leaves oblong or rarely short-oval ; peduncles dicho- tomous, rarely 1-flowered ; hairs on the stems tipped witli glands ; capsule oblong, nearly twice the length of the calyx. In Melville Island. Var. ft ; leaves broad, ovate ; peduncles dichotomous ; hairs for the most part acute ; inner leaflets of the calyx smoothish. In Melville Island. Var. y ; hairy ; leaves elliptical or lanceolate ; peduncles di- vided and solitary ; hairs for the most part acute ; capsule a little longer than the calyx. In Melville Island. Alpine Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. \ foot, prostrate. 55 C. LITHOSPERMIFOLIUM (Fisch. mem. soc. mosc. 3. p. 81.) stem branched, spreading ; leaves lanceolate, acute, pubescent ; flowers solitary ; petals emarginate, twice as long as the calyx ; sepals elliptical ; ovary globose. If. . H. Native of Siberia. Lithospermum-leaved Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. PL | to | foot. 56 C. OVA'TUM (Hoppe in Willd. enum. p. 493.) root creep- ing ; plant rather hairy ; stems prostrate ; leaves ovate, acute, glabrous, a little ciliated ; flowers terminal, somewhat corym- bose ; petals thrice as long as the calyx ; capsules roundish. I/ . H. Native of the Alps of Carinthia. C. Carinthiacum, 446 CARYOPHYLLE&. XXXIV. CERASTIUM. West. ? C. alpinum, Hoppe, herb. Viv. Common peduncles dichotomous. Var. ft, Jtlifdrme (Schleich. pi. exsic.) stems 1 -flowered ; pe- duncles elongated, deflexed. C. pedunculatum, Gaud, in litt. 1814. Perhaps a proper species. Ovate-leaved Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. | foot. 57 C. IATIFOLIUM (Lin. spec. 629.) plant hairy, rather viscid ; stems prostrate, 1, rarely 3-flowered; flowers terminal ; pedun- cles longer than the flowers ; leaves ovate ; sepals ovate, with scarious margins ; petals twice the length of the calyx ; capsules ovate, turgid, protruding beyond the calyx. I/. H. Native of the Alps of Switzerland, France, and Austria. On the Welsh and Scottish mountains. Smith, engl. bot. t. 473. Jacq. coll. 1. p. 256. t. 20. C. tomentosum, Huds. ed. 1. p. 176. The whole plant is clothed with tawny rigid hairs. Broad-leaved Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Bri- tain. PI. procumbent. 58 C. GLACIALE (Gaud, in litt. 1814. D. C. prod. 1. p. 419.) plant clothed with very clammy hairs ; stems tufted, dense, 1- flowered ; peduncles length of the flowers ; leaves elliptical or ovate; sepals ovate, with rather scarious margins-; petals twice as long as the calyx. If. . H. Native of Switzerland on the highest Alps near the limits of perpetual snow. C. uniflorum, Thorn, dried plants. Perhaps only a variety of C. lattfolium. Icy Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819. PL | ft. 59 C. SYLVA'TICUM (Walds. et Kit.pl. hung. 1. p. 100. t. 97.) plant diffuse, creeping ; stems dichotomously panicled ; lower leaves ovate, the rest oblong-lanceolate ; flowers erect on long peduncles ; petals semibifid, twice the length of the ovate-lan- ceolate sepals; capsules much longer than the calyx. 1£. H. Native of Hungary and Naples in woody valleys, and probably in Siberia. C. Sibiricum, Stev. in litt. The Hungarian plant is said to be a perennial while the Neapolitan one is annual. Wood Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl.-J.ft. 60 C. UTiGi6suM (Lois. not. ajout. 1 vol. 8vo.) hairy, very clammy, dark-green ; stem ascending, much branched ; leaves small, ovate, acute ; flowers loosely-panicled ; peduncles longer than the calyx ; petals bifid, exceeding the calyx ; stamens 1 0 ; styles 5, long ; capsule exserted ; seed hardly tuberculated. 1£ ? H. Native of France in the Bois de Bologne in arid dry places. Flowers white. Litigious Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, June. PL ^ foot. 61 C. ARVE'NSE (Lin. spec. 628.) stem declinate ; leaves linear-lanceolate, bluntish, rather pilose at the base ; flowers dichotomously-panicled ; peduncles clothed with deflexed pu- bescence ; petals twice the length of the obtuse sepals ; capsules oblong-cylindrical, shorter than the calyx. If. . H. Native throughout Europe in fields, and on banks and hillocks on a gravelly or chalky soil, as well as on dry hills and rocks in Pennsylvania, according to Pursh. Smith, engl. bot. t. 93. Curt. lond. fasc. 6. t. 29. Fl. dan. t. 629. — Vaill. bot. par. t. 30. f. 4, 5. C. repens, Lin. spec. 628 ? Roots creeping. Corn-feld Chickweed. Fl. May, Aug. Britain. PI. £ to 1 ft. 62 C. STRI'CTUM (Lin. spec. 629? D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 610.) stems declinate ; leaves almost linear, acuminated, glabrous or rather hairy ; peduncles clothed with glandular hairs ; petals twice the length of the calyx ; capsules oblong, y.. H. Native of Europe on the Alps. Perhaps only a variety of C. arvense. Root creeping. Var. a, suffruticosum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 419.) leaves very narrow, smoothish. C. suffruticosum, Lin. spec. 629. C. lari- cifolium, Vill. delph. 4. p. 644. Var. 13, molle (D. C. 1. c.) leaves very narrow, hairy. C. molle, Vill. delph. 3. p. 644. Var. y, lineare (D. C. 1. c.) leaves linear-lanceolate, elon- gated, acuminated, glabrous. C. lineare, All. ped. 2. p. 365. t. 88. f. 4. Var. S, commune (D. C. 1. c.) leaves linear, bluntish. C. strictum, Lin. spec. 629 ? Centunculus angustifolius, Scop. earn. 1. t. 19. C. ambiguum, Fisch. in litt. Straight Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1793. PL | foot. 63 C. DIOI'CUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 120. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 137.) plant hairy and viscid; leaves lanceolate; flowers dioecious ; petals 3 times longer than the calyx, y. . H. Native of Spain. Dioecious-flowered Mouse-ear Chickweed. FL May, July. Clt. 1766. PI. | to 1 foot. 64 C. PENNSYLVA'NICUM (Horn. hort. hafn. p. 435.) stems prostrate, and are as well as linear-lanceolate leaves pubescent ; corolla twice the length of the calyx ; panicle dichotomous ; flowers on very long peduncles. If. . H. Native of Pennsyl- vania on dry hills and rocks. Roots creeping. C. arvense, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 321 ? Very like C. arvense, but differing in the petals being narrower and the capsules globose. Perhaps only a variety of C. strictum. Pennsylvanian Chickweed. Fl.Ju. July. Clt. 1810. PL 1J ft. 65 C. COLSMA'NNI (Lehm. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 418.) stem straight ; leaves in fascicled whorls, reflexed, oblong-linear, smoothish ; peduncles terminal, subcorymbose ; petals entire, thrice the length of the bluntish sepals. 1{. H. Native of the Straits of Magellan. Perhaps a species of Spergularia. Colsmann's Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. PI. | foot. 66 C. NU'TANS (Rafin. prec. p. 36.) stem erect, clothed with clammy pubescence ; leaves linear-oblong, acute ; flowers rather umbellate, on long peduncles ; petals exceeding the calyx in length ; capsules nodding, twice the length of the calyx. ©• H. Native of Pennsylvania. C. longipedunculatum, Muhl. cat. 1813. C. glutindsum, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 291. but not of H. B. et Kunth. Radical leaves spatulate, upper ones stem-clasping. Nodding-capsnled Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. PL 1 foot. 67 C. LEDEBOURIA HUM (Ser. mss. in D.C. prod. 1. p. 420.) stem erect, pilose ; leaves oblong, obtuse, under surface glau- cous ; flowers 2-3, erect, nodding after flowering ; petals 3- times longer than the calyx ; sepals obtuse, with membrana- ceous margins ; capsules oblong, longer than the calyx. }/ . H. Native of Siberia. C. pilosum, Ledeb. acad. scienc. petersb. 5. p. 514. no. 26. but not of Horn. Ledebour's Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. PL £ ft. 68 C. FILIFORME (Vest, in fl. 1820. p. 353.) stems tufted; leaves filiform, trigonal, fleshy ; sepals lanceolate ; petals twice the length of the calyx ; capsules oblong, exceeding the calyx in length. I/ . H. Native of Upper Styria. Panicle dichoto- mous. Pedicels about equal in length to the calyx. Filiform-leaved Chickweed. Fl. June, July. 69 C. RI'GIDUM (Ledeb. mem. acad. petersb. 5. p. 514. no. 25.) plant hairy; stem erect, very simple at the base, but forked at the apex ; leaves oblong, acute ; peduncles elongated ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; petals bifid, longer than the calyx ; capsules oblong, shining, twice as long as the calyx. I/ . H. Native of Siberia. The whole plant is clothed with stiff spread- ing hairs. Stems straight, stiff, tall. Var. ft, Chamissoni (See Cham, in Schlecht. Linnaea 1. p. 61.) leaves narrower and acute. All parts of the plant smaller. I/ . H. Native of the island of Unalaschka. Stiff- stemmed Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. PL 2 feet. PL | foot. CARYOPHYLLE^E. XXXIV. CERASTIUM. XXXV. BRACHYSTEMMA. XXXVI. CHERLERIA. 447 70 C. GLUTINOSUM (H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 29.) plant villous, clammy, tawny ; stems ascending, dicho- tomously branched at the apex ; leaves lanceolate, narrow, acute ; capsules cylindrical, rather arched, twice the length of the calyx ; seeds rough, brown, If . H. Native of New Granada. Petals 2-lobed. Clammy Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. PL \ foot. 71 C. RIVULARE (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 166.) puberulous ; stem trailing ; leaves obovate-oblong, tapering at the base, mu- cronulate ; flowers loosely cymose, on long pedicels ; petals 3- times longer than the calyx. O- H. Native of Brazil in the province of Cis-platine in rivulets. Plant 1 foot long. Capsule sub-cylindrical, twice the length of the calyx. Rivulet Mouse-ear Chickweed. PL trailing. 72 C. HUMIFUSUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 166.) smoothish ; stem trailing, creeping ; leaves oblong, narrowed at both ends ; flowers solitary, on long peduncles; petals twice the length of the sepals. O- H. Native of Brazil in the northern part of the province of Rio Grande, in humid places. Trailing Mouse-ear Chickweed. PL trailing. t Species not enough known. 73 C. BRACTEA'TCM (Rafin. prec. p. 36.) plant pubescent ; stem weak ; leaves oblong, almost mucronate ; flowers erect, dicho- tomous, bracteate ; bracteas ovate, acute; petals length of calyx; capsules nerveless, erect. If. ? H. Native of Pennsylvania. Bracteate Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. PL A ft. 74 C. PUBE'SCENS (Gold. pi. canad. in edinb. phil. journ. april, 1822.) plant pubescent, hairy; stem deflexed, pilose; leaves linear- lanceolate, longer than the internodes ; panicle terminal, generally 4-flowered. if, ? H. Native of Canada. Pubescent Mouse-ear Chickweed. FL June, July. Clt. 1821. PL i foot. 75 C. PILOSUM' (Horn. hort. hafn. p. 965.) leaves linear-lan- ceolate, obtuse, woolly, with reflexed margins ; petals larger than the calyx. If.. H. Native of? Sent by Schrader under the name of C. lanatum of Pers. Link. enum. 1. p. 434. Like C. viscosum. Pilose Mouse-ear Chickweed. FL June, July. Clt. 1820. PL $ foot. 76 C. PALLA'SSII (Vest, in flora, 1820. p. 356.) leaves lan- ceolate, pubescent, stiff", acute, lower ones equal in length to the internodes, upper ones longer; stem generally 1 -flowered; petals semibifid. If, ? H. Native of ? Flower large. Pallas's Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. PL -j foot. 77 C. SPRENGE'LII (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 421.) leaves linear, very long, and are as well as stems pubescent ; peduncles terminal, umbellate. $. H. Native of? C. tenuifolium, Spreng. in Horn. hafn. suppl. p. 138. but not of Pursh. Sprengel's Mouse-ear Chickweed. FL May, June. Clt. 1819. PL | foot. 78 C. FIMBRIA'TUM (Ledeb. mem. acad. scienc. petersb. 5. p. 516. no. 27.) plant diffuse ; stems angular, pilose; leaves lan- ceolate, acuminate, glabrous, ciliated ; sepals oblong ; petals multifid ; capsules globose. If. . H. Native of Siberia. Fringed-petalled Chickweed. FL June, July. PL £ foot. 79 C. TENORE A'NUM (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 421.) plant diffuse, hairy ; leaves elliptical, obtuse ; hairy-ciliated, as well as the calyx, which is longer than the corolla ; flowers panicled; capsules oblong. Q. H. Native of Naples on the mountains. C. pilosum, Tenore, cat. 1819. p. 44. but not of Horn. Tenore's Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1822. PL i foot. 80 C. SCARANI (Tenore, prod. p. 27. cat. 1819. p. 44.) plant diffuse ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute, clothed with green tomentum on both surfaces ; petals twice as long as the calyx ; capsules ovate ; fruiting peduncles horizontal. If. H. Native of Naples on the mountains. Scarani's Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. Pl.-Jft. 81 C. SAMNIA'NUM (Ser. mss.inD. C. prod. 1. p. 421.) plant diffuse ; branches divaricating ; leaves lanceolate, linear, tomen- tose, green, woolly ; panicle dichotomous ; petals twice the length of the calyx; capsules oblong. 7/t. H. Native of Italy on the mountains of Samnium. C. longii'olium, Tenore, prod. p. 27. Cat. 1819. p. 451. but not of Willd. Juss. not Poir. Samnium Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. PL 4- to \ foot. 82 C. HIRSU'TUM (Tenore, prod. p. 27. cat. 1819. p. 45.) plant diffuse, hairy, viscid ; stems creeping ; leaves oblong, ob- tuse, tapering to the base, hairy, canescent ; flowers panicled ; petals twice the length of the calyx ; capsules oblong, rather incurved. If.. H. Native of Italy on the mountains of Samnium. Hairy Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. PL I foot. Cult. C. tomentosum, grandiflorum, and Dahuricum, are the only species of this genus worth cultivating as border flowers. C. latifblium, C. alpinum, and C. glaciate, are well adapted for rock-work, or to be grown in small pots, in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat ; the rest are only worth preserving in general collections. They only require the treatment of other hardy plants. The perennial species are increased by dividing the plants at the roots. The annual and biennial species by seeds, which should be sown in the open ground in the spring. XXXV. BRACHYSTE'MMA (from /3paX«c, brachys, short, and (rrcfifia, stemma, a crown ; in allusion to short minute petals.) D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 216. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, minute, elliptical, acute. Stamens 5, much shorter than the petals. Styles 2, distinct. Capsules spherical, 1 -celled, with 4 valves opening even to the base, 1 -seeded. A diffuse branched, smoothish herb. Stems pentagonal, rather pilose at the top. Leaves opposite, elliptical, oblong, mucronate, stalked, with cartilaginous rather serrulated margins. Flowers panicu- lately corymbose, terminal or axillary. Peduncles many-flower- ed, and are as well as pedicels glandular, furnished with linear bracteas at the base, which are ciliated on the margins with glandular hairs. Calyx large, coloured, shining. Corolla white. 1 B. CALYCI'NUM (D. Don, I. c.) If.. H. Native of Nipaul. Arenaria Nepaulensis, Spreng. syst. append, p. 181. Large-calyxed Brachystemma. PL diffuse, 1 foot. Cult. Not worth cultivating except in a botanic garden. Only requiring to be planted in the open border. It may be either increased by dividing the plant at the root or by seed. XXXVI. CHERLE'RIA (in honour of John Henry Cherler, who assisted John Bauhin in his general history of plants.) Hall, itin. helv. 1. Lin. gen. no. 775. Lam. ill. t. 379. D. C. prod. 1. p. 421. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Trigynia. Calyx 5-sepalled (f. 81. I.) Petals 5, small, emarginate. Stamens 10 (f. 81. 6.). Styles 3 (f. 81. g.). Capsules 3-celled, 3-valved. Cells 2-seeded.— Smooth, tufted, small, moss-like herbs, with small awl-shaped densely-crowded leaves, and small solitary white or rose-coloured flowers. Nos. 5 and 6 differ from the rest in the petals being much longer than the sepals. Perhaps they belong to Arenaria. 448 CARYOPHYLLEJE. XXXVI. CIIERLERIA. XXXVII. SPERGULASTRUM. XXXVIII. HYDROPITYON. XXXIX. ACOSMIA. 1 C. SEDOI'DES (Lin. spec. COS.) FIG. 81. plant small, tufted ; leaves trique- trous, bluntish, slightly toothed on the margin, spreading ; valves of capsule bluntish, callose at the apex, longer than the calyx. "If., H. Native of the Alps of Europe in moist spots near the limits of perpetual snow. On the loftiest mountains of Scotland in moist spots near their summits, not unfrequent. Smith, engl. hot. t. 1212. Jacq. austr. t. 284. Ch. caespitosa, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 46. Flowers yellowish-green. Stone-crop-like Mossy-Cyphel or Dwarf Cherleria. Fl. July. Scotland. PI. -£ foot. 2 C. STELLA'TA (Clark, ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 416.) leaves trigonal, obtuse, stellately spreading at the top ; flowers ter- minal, stalked ; peduncles hispid. If. . F. Native of Mount Parnassus. Starry-leaved Cherleria. PL 2 inches. 3 C. ? IMBRICA'TA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 421.) plant tufted, small ; leaves flattish, concave, and 3-nerved be- neath, blunt, imbricated ; flowers sessile, octandrous? If. ? H. Native of the Alps of Carinthia and of upper Austria, as well as of Siberia. Cherlerioides, Hoppe. ? pi. sel. 2. C. octandra, Sieb. Flowers greenish-yellow. Imbricated-leaved Cherleria. Fl. July. PI. -| foot. 4 C. DICRANOI'DES (Cham, in Schlecht. Linnsea 1. p. 63.) densely tufted, small ; leaves spatulately-oblong, keeled, rather imbricated, nerveless. Tf. . H. Native of St. Laurence Bay, in North-west America. Plant like Dicranum glaucum. Dicranum-like Cherleria. PI. 1 foot. 5 C. GRANDIFLORA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 214.) leaves lan- ceolate, stiff, mucronate, pungent, keeled underneath, with scarious margins, which are dilated and ciliated, concave above ; segments of calyx cuneated, rounded, very broad ; petals ob- ovate, retuse, exceeding the calyx in length. 1£. H. Native of Nipaul at Gosaingsthan. Flowers about the size of those of /trenaria grandiflora, rose-coloured, with purple filaments and yellow anthers. Arenaria globiflora, Wall. mss. Great-Jlon'ered Cherleria. PI. 1 to 2 inches. G C. JUNIPE'RINA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 214.) leaves crowded in 6 rows, lanceolate, mucronate, stiff, deflexed, with smooth margins ; flowers axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaves ; segments of calyx obtuse ; petals oval, oblong, twice the length of the calyx. ^ . H. Native of Nipaul at Gosaings- than. Arenaria densissima, Wall, in litt. Plant forming a large compact tuft. Flowers white. Juniper-like Cherleria. PI. 1 to 2 inches. Cult. Cherleria is a genus of very pretty alpine plants, having the appearance of some species of Arenaria. They should be grown in small pots, well drained with potsherds, in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat, and placed among other alpine plants. They are increased by dividing the plants at the root, or sometimes by seed. XXXVII. SPERGULA'STRUM (from spergula, spurry, and astrum, an affixed signification, like.) Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 275. D. C. prod. 1. p. 421. Micropetalum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 509. LIN. SVST. Decdndria, Tri-Telragynia. Calyx 5-sepallecl. Petals 5, very minute, entire or wanting. Stamens 10, perigy- nous. Stigmas 4, sessile, ligulately-setaceous. Capsules ovate, longer than the calyx of 4-valves. — North American herbs, with the habit of Stellaria or Spergula. This genus ought more properly to have been placed in Paronychiece, from the perigy- nous insertion of the stamens. 1 S. LANUGINOSUM (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 275.) plant densely pubescent ; leaves lanceolate, tapering into the foot- stalk ; peduncles almost solitary, long, at length reflexed ; flowers apetalous. I/. . H. Native of North America on the mountains of Virginia and Carolina. Micropetalum lanuginosum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 509. Stems densely clothed with very fine wool. Woolly Spergulastrum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. PL i ft. 2 S. LANCEOLA' TUM (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 275.) plant glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, tapering at both ends ; flowers panicled ; petals ovate, very short. ]!/ . H. Native of North America on moist rocks from Canada to Carolina. Micro- petalum lanceolatum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 509. Spergula borealis, Bigel. fl. host. 2. p. 433. Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 86. Some- times there are only 3 stigmas. Petals white. Lanceolate-leaved Spergulastrum. Fl. July. PI. £ foot. 3 S. ORAMI'NEUM (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 276.) plant very smooth ; leaves linear, erect ; panicle loose ; petals lanceo- late, length of sepals. 3£ . H. Native of North America near springs and on shady rocks, from New York to Virginia, Canada, &c. Spergula longifolia, Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 86. Spergula graminea, Bigel. 1. c. Like Stellaria graminea. Grassy Spergulastrum. Fl. June, July. PL |- foot. Cult. A genus of weed-looking plants, not worth culti- vating except in general collections. They should be grown in pots in a mixture of peat and sand. They may be either in- creased by dividing the plants at the roots or by seed. XXXVIII.? HYDROPI'TYON (from vtup, hydor, water, and TTirvf, pitys, a pine-tree or fir ; water plants resembling the pine tree in the fine whorled leaves.) Gsert. fruct. 3. p. 19. t. 183. f. 2. D. C. prod. 1. p. 422. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals. Pe- tals 5, ovate-roundish. Stamens 10 ; filaments thick and pilose ; anthers cordate. Ovary oblong. Style 1. Stigma orbicular. Capsule 1 -seeded. Seed naked. — East Indian water herbs, with whorled pinnate leaves, and small axillary flowers. This genus most probably ought to be removed from this order. 1 H. ZEYLA'NICUM (Gaert. 1. c.) leaves pinnate, in whorls ; stems arched ; flowers axillary, sessile. I/. ? S. W. Native of the East Indies. Flowers red. Ceylon Water-fir. PL floating. 2 H. PEDUNCULA'TUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 422.) leaves in whorls, pinnate ; stems straight ; flowers axillary on long pe- duncles. H ? S. W. Native of the East Indies and Malabar. H. calycinum, Gaert. Hottonia I'ndica, Lin. spec. 208. — Burm. zeyl. p. 121. t. 55.— Rheed. hort. mal. 12. p. 71. t. 36. Petals 4, greenish-red. The whole plant has a somewhat grateful odour. The flowers mixed with ginger and cardamon in milk-whey are used in Malabar as an anti-dysenterical medicine. Stalked-fiowered Water-fir. PL £ foot. Cult. As neither of the species of Hydropityon has ever been introduced into Europe in a living state, it is difficult to say what mode of cultivation they require. We think from the nature of the plant that it will be impossible ever to cultivate it in this country. XXXIX. ACO'SMIA (a, priv. Koapoe, kosmos, beauty ; a plant without beauty). Benth. mss. in Lin. soc. herb. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Dygynia. This is the Gypsophila cerastoldes, p. 383. no. 36. of this work, but what the character CARYOPHYLLE^E. XL. ODONTOSTEMMA. XLI. LEUCOSTEMMA. ELATINE^E. I. MERIMEA, &c. LINE^E. 449 is which separates it from Gypsophila, we are not at present acquainted with, unless that the capsule may be 4-valved. XL. ODONTOSTE'MMA (from oiiovc olovTot, odous odon- tos, a tooth, arrcfj.fja, stemma, a crown ; in allusion to the toothed petals). . Benth. mss. in Lin. soc. herb. LIN, SYST. Decdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-leaved. Petals 5, cuneiform, toothed at the apex. Stamens 10. Styles 2, re- curved. Capsule 1 -celled, 4-valved, many-seeded. Herb with the habit of Cerdstium. Leaves elliptic, oblong, sessile, obtuse, hairy on both sides ; in fact the whole plant is clothed with glandular hairs. Panicle trichotomous. Flowers white. 1 O. GLANDULOSA (Benth. 1. c.). y.. F. Native of Ka- moon. Glandular Odontostemma. PI. 1 foot. Cult. This plant will grow in any common garden-soil. It requires to be protected during winter. Not worth cultivating, unless in general collections. XLI. LEUCOSTE'MMA (from Xtvrac, leucos, white, and arififia, stemma, a crown ; flowers white). Benth. mss. in Lin. soc. herb. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-leaved. Petals 5, bipartite or emarginate, with long claws. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule 1-celled, 4-valved, many-seeded. Plants resembling Stellaria in habit, with white flowers. 1 L. WEBBIA'NA (Benth. 1. c.) plant spreading, smooth ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminated; peduncles 1 -flowered, axillary; sepals acuminated ; petals deeply bipartite. If.. F. Native of Kamoon. IVcbb's Leucostemma. PI. \ to ^ foot. 2 L. LATIFOLIA (Benth. 1. c.) diffuse, smooth ; leaves ovate, mucronate, upper ones nearly lanceolate ; sepals acuminated ; peduncles terminal, solitary, 1 -flowered ; petals emarginate. If. F. Native of Kamoon. Broad-leaved Leucostemma. PI. creeping. Cult. The species of Leucostemma will thrive in any com- mon soil, and are easily increased by dividing the plants or by seed. Post no. 53. p. 492 SILE'NE CISPLATE'NSIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 163. t. 108.) hairy stem, branched; leaves lanceolate, lower ones obtuse, upper ones smaller, acutish ; flowers laxly racemose, erect ; calyx silky-hairy, cylindrical when in flower, but at length be- coming clavate ; teeth short, acute ; petals obcordate, crowned in the throat. (•)• H. Native about Monte Video in sandy places, and to the south of the river Plate. Flowers bluish-violet. Cisplatine Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. ORDER XXVIII. ELATI'NE^E (plants agreeing with Eld- tine in important characters.) Cambess. in St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 159. A small family of plants, nearly allied to the Caryophyllece, from which they differ essentially in the organization of their stigmas, of their capsules, and of their seeds. The stigmas are capitate. The valves of the capsules are bent inwards at the margins, so much as to form dissepiments. The seeds are with- out albumen. They differ from Hypericinece, with which they agree in certain analogies, by the existence of a true central placenta, and by their stamens being definite in number, &c. M. Cambessedes agrees with M. Bartling, who has united the Chenopbdece, Amaranthiicece, Paronychiece,an&the Caryophyllete in one natural class, in spite of the difference of the insertion of their stamina, as they agree in most other respects. This order VOL. i. — PART. v. contains only three genera, the Merimea, Camb., Eldtine, Lin. and Bergia, Lin. The two last genera with their species will be found in Caryophyllece, therefore we shall only give amended characters of the genera here, and refer to the preceding Order for the species. Synopsis of the genera. 1 MERI'MEA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 10. Styles 5. Capsule 5-valved, 5-celled, many-seeded ; valves sepa- rating, bent in at the margins so as to constitute dissepiments. 2 ELA'TINE. Calyx 3-4-parted. Petals 3-4. Stamens 3-8. Styles 3-4, crowned by capitate stigmas. Capsule 3-4-valved, 3-4- celled, many-seeded ; valves separating, bent in at the margins, constituting dissepiments. 3 BE'RGIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Styles 5, approxi- mate. Capsule 5-valved, 5-celled, from the edges of the valves being bent inwards. I. MERI'MEA (in memory of Prospero Merimee, an ancient botanist, whose name is now almost forgot.) Cambess. in St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 160. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted. Pe- tals 5. Stamens 10. Styles 5, connate at the base. Capsule 5-valved, 5-celled, separating at the valves ; valves bent inwards at the margins, so much as to constitute dissepiments. Seeds fixed to a 5-lobed central placenta, they are elliptical-oblong. Embryo straight. A small plant with oblong-lanceolate, sessile, serrated, pilose leaves, and axillary, solitary, stalked small white flowers. 1 M. ARENARIOI'DES (Camb. 1. c.) I/. G. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Sand-wort-like Merimea. PL creeping. Cult. An insignificant plant, only worth cultivating in bota- nical gardens or those of the curious. An equal mixture of sand and loam will suit it well, and it may be propagated by seed or dividing the plant. II. ELA'TINE (tXar?), elate, a fir ; resemblance in leaves). Lin. gen. no. 685. GsErt. fruct. 2. p. 142. t. 10'2. f. 1. For the generic character of this genus as well as the specific character of the species, see p. 420. genus 21. of this work, under Order Caryophyllece, from which it has been removed to the present order by M. Cambessedes. III. BE'RGIA (in honour of Peter Jonas Bergius, a profes- sor of natural history at Stockholm, who wrote several botanical works between 1757 and 1780, particularly on mosses, and plants of the Cape of Good Hope). Lin. gen. 791. D. C. prod. 1. p. 390. For the generic and specific characters of this genus see p. 420. genus no. 22. under Caryophyllece, from which it has been removed to the present order by M. Cambessedes. ORDER XXIX. LI'NE.iE (plant agreeing with Linum in im- portant characters). D. C. theor. ed. 1. p. 217. prod. 1. p. 423. Calyx of 3-4, but usually of 5 sepals (f. 82. a.) hardly con- nected at the base, continuous with the peduncle, permanent, imbricate in aestivation. Petals equal in number to the sepals, and alternating with them (f. 82. 6.), hypogynous, unguiculate at the base, connected with the ring of the stamens, as well as sometimes being connected together at the base, twisted in aestivation. Stamens equal in number with the petals, 3 M 450 LINE^E. I. LINUM. slightly monadelphous at the base, alternating with the petals, with a tooth or abortive filament between each (f. 82. e.); anthers ovate, inserted by the base, 2-celled, birimose. Ovary sub-globose (f. 82. c.) with as many cells as there are sepals, rarely fewer. Styles equal in number to the cells of the ovary (f. 82. rf.), capitate, or simple at the apex. Capsule globose, usually acuminate (f. 82. c.), crowned by the permanent bases of the styles (f. 82. d.}, constantly composed of carpels hav- ing induplicate margins, each opening by 2 valves at the apex, with an incomplete dissepiment rising from the centre of each, there- fore each carpel is divided into two incomplete cells, containing two seeds, one in each cell. Seeds ovate, compressed, shining, inverted. Albumen sparing, but usually wanting, but instead there is always a fleshy tumid endopleura. Embryo straight, flat, with the radical turned towards the hilum, and with elliptical coty- ledons. This order differs from Caryophylleec by the capsule being formed by the cohesion of several, half 2-celled, 2-seeded carpels. It is composed of herbs or subshrubs bearing yellow, blue, or white fugacious petals, and with entire exstipulate leaves. Flowers always disposed in racemose corymbs or panicles. The plants are of immense importance to the world, on account of the tenacity of their fibres, when made into flax. The seeds are oily. The leaves of Linum cathdrticum and L. selaginoldes are purgative. Synopsis of the genera. 1 LI'NUM. Sepals 5, entire (f. 82. a.). Petals 5 (f. 82. 6.) Stamens 5 (f. 82. e.). Styles 5 (f. 82. <*.), rarely 1 or 3. 2 RADI'OLA. Sepals 4, joined almost to the middle, trifid at the apex. Petals 4. Stamens 4. Styles 4. I. LI'NUM (from Llin, a thread, in Celtic, whence \ivov in Greek, and linum in Latin). Bauh. Vaill. Lin. Roem. et Schult. syst. 6. p. 736. D. C. prod. 1. p. 423. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Pentagynia. Flowers with a quinary proportion of parts. Sepals entire. Styles very rarely 3, but generally 5 (f. 82. d.~) as well as sepals (f. 82. a.), petals (f. 82. 6.), and stamens (f. 82. e.). § 1. Flatvers yellow, 1 L. GA'LLICUM (Lin. spec. 401.) plant glabrous, usually of many stems ; leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate ; flowers in loose forked panicles ; pedicels length of calyx ; sepals ciliated at the base, awl-shaped at the top ; petals blunt, twice as long as the calyx. Q. H. Native on hills from France to Iberia. Smith, fl. graec. t. 303.— Ger. gallo-prov. 1. 16. f. 1. Var, ft, medium (D. C. prod. 1. p. 423.) branches rather an- gular; leaves serrulately-scabrous on the margins. ©• H. Native of Portugal on calcareous hills and heathy mountains about Coimbra and elsewhere. French Flax. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1777. PI. |to 1 foot. 2 L. AU'REUM (Walds. et Kit. pi. hung. 2. 't. 177.) plant glabrous, erect ; leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate ; flowers in lax, panicled corymbs ; pedicels 2 or 3-times longer than the calyx; sepals rather ciliated at the base, awl-shaped at the apex ; petals emarginate, twice as long as the calyx ; styles distinct. Q. H. Native of Hungary and Croatia in grassy places. L. Liburnicum, Scop. earn. ed. 2. no. 385. Styles 3. GWcfenFlax. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. PI. | foot. 3 L. SETA'CEUM (Brot. phyt. no. 22. t. 6.) plant puberulous, erect ; leaves alternate, crowded, linear-awl-shaped, somewhat serrately scabrous ; flowers in panicled corymbs ; pedicels length of the calyx; sepals awl- shaped, ciliated at the base; petals twice as long as sepals; styles distinct. (•)• H. Native of Portugal on calcareous hills near Coimbra, also of Mauritania. L. Broteri, Willd. mss. in Schult. syst. 6. p. 758. L. tenui- fblium, Schousb. Var. ft, bicolor ; flowers yellow, with a blue base and striped with purple. Native of the north of Africa near Tangiers. L. bicolor, Schousb. maroc. 135. L. tenuifolium 3, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1536. L. tenuifolium ft, bicolor, Pers. ench. 1. p. 335. slml-shaped-leaved Flax. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ to 1 foot. 4 L. ERIGEROI'DES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 132.) smooth, simple, erect ; leaves alternate, crowded, linear, very acute, with 2 glands at the base ; panicle somewhat corymbose ; sepals hardly crenulated ; petals twice the length of the calyx ; style free ; stigmas small, tj . G. Native of Brazil in the province of Cis- platine. Erigeron-like Flax. Shrub 1 foot. 5 L. LITTORA'LE (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 133.) smooth; stems numerous, erect ; leaves linear, erect, smooth, upper ones alter- nate ; flowers panicled ; sepals acute, hardly crenate, much shorter than the sepals. ~ij. . S. Native of Brazil. Styles free ; stigmas small. Petals 3 times longer than the sepals. Shore Flax. Shrub 1 foot. 6 L. JU'NCKUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 134. t. 24.) smooth; stems erect, twiggy; leaves remote, short, appressed, linear, acute ; flowers panicled ; sepals acute. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers subglomerate ; petals twice the length of the calyx. Ruihy Flax. Shrub 2 inches. 7 L. TE'NUE (Desf. all. 1. p. 280. t. 81.) plant glabrous, erectish ; leaves alternate, linear, acute ; flowers in lax, panicled racemes ; pedicels hardly the length of the calyx ; sepals mu- cronate ; petals rather retuse, 4-times longer than the calyx. O- H. Native of Algiers on uncultivated hills. L. virga- tum, Schousb. mar. 1. p. 136. L. melianthum, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 484. ex Link. Flowers about the size of those of common flax. Branches of panicle dichotomous. Slender Flax. Fl. June, July. PI. | to | foot. 8 L. LUTE'OLUM (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 256.) plant glabrous, erect ; stem angular ; leaves alternate and opposite the flowers, linear, acute, and are as well as the sepals serrulated ; branches of panicle dichotomous ; pedicels very short ; petals twice as long as the calyx; styles distinct; stigmas not capitate. Q. H. Native of Tauria and Iberia in sunny fields. — Buxb. cent. 5. t. 59. Leaves with 2-glands at the base. ye//o?mA-flowered Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. ift. 9 L. NODIFLO'RUM (Lin. spec. FIG. 82. •401.) plant glabrous; leaves lan- ceolate, smooth, furnished with 2 glands at the base of each, lower ones alternate, floral ones opposite ; branches of panicle dichotomous ; pedicels very short ; calyx length of leaves ; styles distinct ; stigmas not capitate. T; . H. Native of Italy and the islands of the Archi- pelago.— Moris, oxon. sect. 5. t. 26. f. 11. Sibth. and Smith, fl. graec. t. 307. (f. 82.). Knolted-flowered Flax. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1 759. PI. | to 4 ft. 10 L. siRi'ciuM(Lin. spec. 400.) plant glabrous, erect; leaves linear- lanceolate, straight, and are as well as the much-pointed sepals roughly ciliated ; panicle corymbose, crowded ; pedicels very short; petals length of calyx ; styles distinct. Q. H. Native of the south of Europe and the north of Africa in sandy fields. LINE^E. I. LINUM. 451 — Lob. icon. t. 411. f. 2. L. sessilifldrum, Lam. diet. 3. p. 523. L. alternifldrum, Delile. Var.fi, alternum (Pers. ench. 1. p. 336.) stems evidently co- rymbose at the apex. O- H. Native of Corsica. Var. y, npicatum (Lam. diet. 3. p. 523.) stem rather spiked at the apex. Smith, fl. grsec. 304. Leaves not ciliated. Straight Flax. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1759. PI. ^ foot. 1 1 L. RI'GIDUM (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 210.) leaves stiffly erect, linear, short ; stem angular, furrowed ; sepals ovate, acuminate, 3-nerved, glandularly-ciliated ; petals oblong, very narrow; styles connate to the middle. Q. H. Native of North America on the banks of the river Missouri. Flowers sulphur-coloured. ^J-leaved Flax. Fl. July. Clt. 1807. PL 1 foot. 12 L. SELAGINOIDES (Lam. diet. 3. p. 525.) leaves filiform, mucronate, alternate, crowded; stems suffruticose, branched at the apex ; flowers terminal, almost sessile ; ovary 10-celled. Tj . G. Native of Monte Video on rocks, also of Chili. Flowers white or brownish. Petals shorter than the calyx. Selago-like Flax. Shrub procumbent or -j- foot erect. 13 L. PROSTRAVTUM (Lam. diet. 3. p. 525.) plant glabrous; leaves alternate, oval-oblong ; stems prostrate, very much branched ; flowers lateral, solitary, on very short peduncles ; sepals bluntish. If. ? Tj . G. Native of Peru on dry hills near Lima. Leaves like those of Polygala vulgaris. Flowers like those of L. Gdllicum. Prostrate Flax. PI. prostrate. 14 L. VIRGINIA'NUM (Lin. spec. 398.) plant glabrous, erect; leaves linear-lanceolate, alternate, radical ones ovate ; panicle loose, corymbose ; sepals acute ; styles connate at the base ; capsules awnless. O- H. Native of North America on dry sunny hills and in fields, from New York to Virginia. L. Virgi- nicum, Ptirsh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 210. Flowers small, remote. Virginian Flax. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1807. PI. 1 foot. 15 L. MLXICA'NUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. amer. 6. p. 39.) plant glabrous, erect ; leaves alternate ; lower ones somewhat opposite, oblong, or ovate-oblong, acute, rounded at the base ; branches panicled ; sepals ovate ; stigmas globose, acute, ciliated ; styles connate to the middle ; capsules acutely mucronate. If. . F. Native of Mexico in woods near Santa Rosa. Benth. hot. reg. 1326. Mexican Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1828. PI. 1 foot. 16 L. MYSORE'NSE (Heyne, mss. ex Wall. cat. herb. ind. no. 1507. Benth. hot. reg. no. 1326.) glabrous, erect; leaves alternate, oblong, obtuse, tapering to the base ; flowers pa- niculately-corymbose ; sepals ovate, acutish, with rather ciliated margins ; petals hardly exceeding the sepals ; styles connate at the base ; stigmas globose ; capsule acutely-mucronate. Q.S. Native of Mysore. Flowers about the size of those of L. Vir- ginianum. Mysore Flax. PI. | foot. 17 L. SCHIEDEA'NUM (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnaea. 5. p. 234.) smooth, ascending, woody at the base, slender ; leaves in something like whorls, 4 or nearly opposite, but mostly all alter- nate, obovate-lanceolate and linear-lanceolate, tapering to the base, sessile, rough on the margins ; flowers disposed in dicho- tomous cymes ; the branches axillary and alternate ; bracteas linear, glandular, and fringed ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, with glandular serratures or fringed ; fruit shorter than the calyx. T; . G. Native of Mexico in woods near Jalapa. Flowers small, yellow. Schiede's Flax. Shrub 1 foot. 18 L. AQUILI'NUM (Mol. chil. ed germ. 126.) plant glabrous, erect ; leaves alternate, lanceolate, acute ; peduncles bifid ; pedicels longer than the calyx. %. F. Native of Chili on the mountains. — Feuill. Per. 3. p. 32. t. 22. f. 2. Eagle Flax. PI. 1 foot. 19 L. TENE'LLUM (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnaea. 5. p. 235.) villous ; root woody, descending, branched, white ; stem densely leafy ; peduncles twice or thrice dichotomous ; flowers pedicellate, solitary, alternate ; floral leaves minute, almost opposite ; leaves on the lower part of the stem almost in whorls, 4 or nearly oppo- site, elliptic, and lanceolate, acute at the base, and acutish at the top, rarely roundish and obtuse, villous or villously-ciliated, with rough margins, with a few stipitate glands in front ; sepals ovate, lanceolate, keeled, acute, mucronate, with glandular fringed margins. 1£.F. Native of Mexico near Jalapa. Flowers yellow, larger than those of L. cathdrticum. Tender Flax. PI. J foot. 20 L. CORYMBI'FERUM (Desf. atl. 1. p. 279. t. 80.) plant glabrous, erect ; leaves lanceolate, erect, alternate, 3-nerved, rough ; panicle loose, somewhat corymbose ; sepals awl-shaped, mucronate at the apex ; petals four times longer than the calyx ; styles distinct ; stigmas not capitate. O • H. Native on Mount Atlas near Mayane. Flowers the size of those of L. usitatissimum. Corymb-bearing Flax. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 to 1^- foot. 21 L. DAHU'RICUM (Schult. syst. 6. p. 752.) plant glabrous, erect ; lower leaves lanceolate-spatulate, crowded ; cauline ones linear-lanceolate, remote, with rather roughish revolute margins ; panicle lax, corymbose ; pedicels very short ; sepals ovate,' lan- ceolate ; petals thrice as long as the calyx. "%. . H. Native of Dahuria. Dahurian Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 foot. 22 L. MARI'TIMUM (Lin. spec. 400.) plant glabrous, erect ; leaves lanceolate, 3-nerved, alternate, lower ones opposite, ob- tuse ; panicle lax, rather corymbose ; sepals ovate, with short points ; petals 3-times longer than the calyx ; styles distinct. Ij. . H. Native of the south of Europe in grassy boggy places by the sea-side. Jacq. hort. t. 154. L. heterophyllum, Mcench. suppl. 99.— Lob. icon. t. 412. f. 2. — Tratt. tab. t. 579. Sea-side Flax. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1596. PI. 2 feet. 23 L. MULLE'RI (Mor. elench. ex bull. phil. March, 1829. p. 428.) This species comes very near to L. maritimum, and L. setaceum, Brot. but differs from both in the leaves being alter- nate, elliptical, and ciliated, tj . H. Native of Sardinia on the mountains. Mutter's Flax. PL 1 foot. 24 L. ARBO'REUM (Lin. spec. 400.) shrubby, glabrous, glau- cous ; leaves cuneiform, obtuse, alternate, recurved ; flowers few, somewhat capitate ; sepals oval-lanceolate, acuminated ; petals thrice as long as the calyx ; style free ; stigmas ob- long. Jj . H. Native of Candia and Italy on the mountains. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. t. 305. Curt. hot. mag. t. 234. L. campanulatum, D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 797. — Alp. exot. p. 19. t. 13. Tree Flax. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1788. Shrub 1 foot. 25 L. CAMPANULA'TUM (Lin. spec. 400.) plant scabrous at the base, glaucous ; leaves alternate, lower ones rounded at the apex ; middle ones furnished with a small point, upper ones obversely lanceolate, acuminate, each furnished at the base with two glands ; sepals linear-lanceolate ; petals 3-times longer than the calyx ; flowers corymbose. It . H. Native of the south of Europe, especially in arid places of France. — Tab. icon. p. 414. There is a variety of this plant in Tauria, with the leaves and branches pubescent. Campamilate-Aowered Flax. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1795. PL 1 ft. 26 L. TAU'RICUM (Willd. enum. p. 339.) plant shrubby at the base, greenish ; leaves alternate, glaucous, furnished with two glands at the base of each, lower ones rather spatulate, upper ones lanceolate ; panicle dichotomous ; sepals acuminated, serru- lated ; petals 3-times longer than the calyx. fj . H. Native of Tauria L. campanulatum, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 255. 452 LINE^E. I. LINUM. Taurian Flax. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub £ foot. 27 L. CHAMISSONIS (Schiede in Schlecht, Linnaea. I. p. 68.) steins ascending, woody at the base ; branches alternate ; leaves lanceolate, glandless at the base, lower ones opposite, upper ones alternate ; flowers opposite the leaves and terminal ; petals yellow; styles free to the base ; stigmas capitate ; capsules acu- tish, with the valves flat on the back. >j . G. Native of Chili. Chamisso's Flax. Shrub 1 foot. 28 L. CAPITA' TUM (Kit. in Rcem. et Schult. syst. 6. p. 751.) stem shrubby at the base ; leaves furnished with a gland on each side at the base, alternate, lower ones spatulate, with smooth margins, upper ones lanceolate, acute, acuminated, with scabrous margins ; flowers capitate, sessile ; sepals acuminated, subser- rated ? If . H. Native on the Alps of Croatia. Capitate- flowered Flax. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. -| to | foot. 29 L. FIA'VUM (Lin. spec. 399.) plant woody at the base, greenish ; leaves furnished with two glands at the base of each, alternate, narrow, lanceolate, acute, sessile, with smooth margins ; branches of panicle dichotomous ; sepals acuminated, serru- lated ; petals very blunt, 3-times longer than the calyx. I/ . H. Native of Austria, Hungary, Carniola, and Caucasus, in dry meadows. Jacq. aust. t. 214. Curt. bot. mag. t. 312. L. cam- panulatum /G, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 797. L. monopetalum, Steph. enum. mosq. no. 214. Corolla monopetalous, 5-cleft. Steph. 1. c. Yellow Flax. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1793. PI. 1 to 1J foot. 30 L. TETRA'GYNUM (Colebr. rnss. ex Wall. cat. herb. ined. no. 1506. ex Benth. bot. reg. no. 1326.) glabrous, shrubby, branched ; leaves elliptical, oblong, acuminated, serrated, taper- ing to the base, stalked ; flowers in capitate-corymbs ; peduncles bracteate ; sepals ovate, with short points and sub-ciliated mar- gins ; petals twice the length of the calyx ; styles 4, free ; stigmas globose ; capsule obtuse. Jj . G. Native of Nipaul and Silhet. Flowers smaller than those of L. trigynum. Four-styled Flax. Shrub 2 feet? 31 L. C.ESPITOSUM (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 305. prod. p. 216.) plant glabrous, glaucous, tufted, shrubby at the base; leaves obovate, acute ; sepals ovate, obtuse. ^7 . H. Native of Crete on the higher mountains. L. globulariaefolium, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 445. A small much-branched shrub. Capsules globose. Flowers cymose. Styles distinct. Tufted Flax. Shrub i foot. 32 L. TRI'GYNUM (Roxb. ex asiat. resear. 6. p. 357.) shrubby, glabrous ; leaves alternate, elliptical, entire, pointed at both ends, feather-nerved ; flowers large, bracteate ; styles 3, distinct; capsule obtuse ; sepals lanceolate ; petals obovate, emarginate. J? . G. Native of the East Indies at Sirinagur. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1100. Andr. bot. rep. t. 449. Delaun. herb. amat. t. 290. Capsules 6-celled. Stigmas not capitate. Three- styled Flax. Fl. Jan. Oct. Clt. 1799. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 33 L. CICANOBUM (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 217.) shrubby, glabrous ; leaves alternate, membranaceous, elliptical-oblong, acuminated, stalked, and acute at the base, serrate ? flowers in terminal umbels ; styles 3, connected to the middle ; sepals ob- long, acute ; capsule obtuse. \ . G. Native of Nipaul at Narainhetty. L. Cicanobu, Hamilt. mss. Leaves 6 inches long. Flowers large. In the language of the Nawaris, this plant is called Cicanobu Sna. Mr. Bentham is disposed to consider this a mere variety of L. repens. Cicanobu Flax. Fl. Decem. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 34 L. RE'PENS (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 217.) stem shrubby; leaves alternate, ovate-cuneated, mucronulate, gla- brous, crenulated, feather-nerved ; flowers solitary, stalked ; sepals lanceolate, mucronate, with denticulated margins ; capsule obtuse ; styles 3, connate to about the middle. Tj . G. Native of Nipaul at Narainhetty. L. repens and semitrigynum, Hamilt. mss. L. trigynum, Smith, exot. bot. t. 17. Flowers large, campanulate. Root creeping. Creeping Flax. Fl. Nov. Shrub 3 foot. 35 L. MACR^I (Benth. in bot. reg. no. 1326.) glabrous; stems shrubby at the base ; branches erect ; leaves opposite or alternate, lanceolate, acuminated, stiff; sepals ovate, acumi- nated ; petals twice the length of the calyx ; style equal to the corolla, slightly quinquefid at the apex ; stigmas globose ; cap- sules acutely mucronate. Tj . G. Native of Chili at Valpa- raiso. Flowers about the .size of those of L. maritimum. Mac Rae's Flax. Shrub 1 foot. 36 L. MONO'GYNUM (Forst. prod. no. 145.) stem suffruticose ; leaves alternate, lanceolate, 3-nerved. Jj . G. Native of New Zealand. Flowers yellow. Styles connate at the base. Ac- cording to Mr. Bentham this is the same as L. Africanum. One-styled Flax. Fl. June, July. Shrub 1 foot. 37 L. AFRICA' NUM (Lin. mant. p. 360.) plant glabrous, erect, shrubby at the base ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, alternate, or irregularly opposite, or in whorls ; panicle corymbose, erect ; flowers disposed along the branches, almost sessile ; sepals rather serrately ciliated ; styles connate at the base. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. coll. 3. p. 218. t. 353. Curt. bot. mag. 403. African Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1771. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 38 L. ^ETHi6picuM (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 143.) plant gla- brous, shrubby at the base, erectly-spreading ; leaves ovate, mu- cronate, opposite; flowers terminal, rather umbellate; styles connate at the base. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. L. Africanum, Rchb. icon. exot. t. 46. ^Ethiopian Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1771. Shrub 1 foot. 39 L. O.UADRIFOLIUM (Lin. spec. 402.) plant glabrous, erect ; leaves ovate, somewhat mucronate, 4 in a whorl, upper ones sometimes opposite ; styles distinct, y. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Curt. bot. mag. t. 431. Houtt. pfl. syst. 4. p. 263. t. 46. f. 1. Perhaps L. quadrif olium of Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 244. and L. tetraphyllum of Habenstr. in herb. Panzer, are different from this. Four-leaved Flax. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1787. PI. 1 to Ijft. § 2. Flowers blue or rose-coloured, rarely varying to white. 40 L. VERTICILLA'TUM (Lin. spec. 402.) leaves in whorls, linear-lanceolate, upper ones as well as calyxes villous. O- H. Native of Italy about Rome. Petals grey. l¥horled-\e&ved Flax. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 41 L. STRIA' TUM (Walt. fl. carol, p. 118.) leaves opposite, ovate, or oblong, with the margins and nerves somewhat decur- rent ; flowers panicled, terminal. O- H. Native of Carolina. Habit of Campanulata hybrida. Stems somewhat tetragonal, simple. Sepals ovate, acute, a little smaller than the petals. Flowers blue and striated. Striated Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 to 1J foot. 42 L. VISCOSUM (Lin. spec. 398.) leaves lanceolate, 3-5- nerved, alternate, and somewhat opposite, and are as well as stems hairy, middle and upper ones, as well as sepals, bearing glandular hairs ; styles shorter than the stamens or nearly equal with them. "If.. H. Native of the southern parts of Germany and Italy in sunny places. Flowers pale wine-coloured, rarely blue. Capsules of 10 cells. — Bertol. am. itin. p. 139. Var. j3, sylvestre (Scop. earn. no. 383. t. 11.) leaves all ciliat- ed with glandular hairs, and as if they were serrated. % . H. Native of Carniola. Var. •/, Nestleri (D. C. prod. 1. p. 246.) lower leaves smooth- ish, somewhat ovate. I/ . H. Native of Austria in gravelly or sandy fields. Var. S, hypericif olium (Sal. parad. t. 79.) leaves ovate-oblong, distinctly 5-nerved. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1018. — L. venustum, LINE^E. I. LINUM. 453 Andr. hot. rep. 477. Flowers large, almost the size of those of a Mallow. Perhaps a distinct species. Clammy Flax. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1807. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 43 L. PIII'GERUM (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. p. 127.) stem sim- ple, hairy ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved ; sepals linear, pilose ; styles equal in length with the stamens. I/ . H. Native of Sicily and Crete. Hair-bearing Flax. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 44 L. HIRSU'TUM (Lin. spec. 398.) leaves lanceolate, 3-5- nerved, alternate, and somewhat opposite, and are as well as the stems hairy, upper ones as well as sepals ciliated, with glan- dular hairs ; stamens connate to the middle. If. . H. Native of Italy, south of France, Tauria, Caucasus, and Hungary, in elevated places exposed to the sun. Flowers bluish, rarely rose-coloured. Jacq. aust. t. 31. Smith, fl. grsoc. t. 302. — Moris, hist. 2. p. 573. sect. 5. t. 26. f. 5. Panicle corymbose. Var. fl, elatius (Rcem. ined. Schult. syst. 6. p. 740.) leaves evidently 3-nerved. If. . H. Native of Caucasus. Hairy Flax. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. 1 foot. 45 L. ASCYRIFOLIUM (Sims, hot. mag. t. 1087.) leaves alter- nate, 3-nerved, ovate, cordate, pubescent, upper ones somewhat opposite ; flowers somewhat spiked ; sepals acuminated, hairy. %. H. Native of Portugal near Coimbra. Flowers white, streaked with bluish-purple veins, with a yellow bottom. Petals crenulated. Ascyrum-leaved Flax. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. 1 ft. 46 L. NERVOSUM (Walds. et Kit. pi. hung. 2. t. 105.) stem hairy at the base ; leaves lanceolate, pointed, 3-5-nerved, gla- brous ; panicle loose ; sepals awl-shaped, pointed, serrated at the base. I/ . H. Native of Hungary, the Ukraine, and Tauria, on hills. Flowers large, blue. Petals emarginated or pointed, crenated at the apex. Styles white. Capsules with 10 promi- nent sutures. — Barrel, icon. p. 1009. Var. ft, glabratum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 426.) stem glabrous at die base. If.. H. Native of Russia on the hanks of the Don. Nerved-leaved. Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. PI. 1 to H foot. 47 L. NARBONE'NSE (Lin. spec. 398.) plant glabrous, erect, rather glaucous ; leaves alternate, distant, lanceolate-linear, very acute, and rather stiff; panicle sub-corymbose ; sepals acumi- nated, with the margins scariose at the base. ~H . H. Native of Spain, south of France, and Italy, in elevated sunny places. Flowers large, beautiful, blue, very rarely white. Hook. bot. mag. icon. — Barrel, icon. p. 1007. Narbonne Flax. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1759. PI. 2 feet. 48 L. PUNCTA'TUM (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 962.) stem diffuse, usually 3-flowered ; leaves imbricate, lanceolate, acute, rather scabrous, full of pellucid dots; sepals ovate. 3£. H. Native of Sicily. Doited-leaved Flax. PI. diffuse. 49 L. USITATI'SSIMUM (Lin. spec. 397.) plant erect, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate or linear acute ; panicle corymbose ; sepals ovate, acute, or mucronate, with scarious or membranaceous margins ; petals rather crenated, 3-times larger than the calyx. 0. H. Native of many parts of Europe, as well as in Nipaul and North America, in corn-fields, said to be originally from Egypt. Tratt. tab. t. 744. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1357. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 5. t. 22. Mart. fl. rust. t. 133. L. sativum, Black, herb. t. 160. Plench. t. 243. L. arvense, Neck, gallob. 159. Flowers blue. Sepals 3-nerved. Var. ft, humile (Mill. diet. no. 2.) petals emarginate ; stem dwarf-branched. Flax has been cultivated from the earliest ages and for an unknown length of time in Britain, of which it is now considered a naturalized inhabitant. It is cultivated both for its fibre for making thread, and its seed for being crushed for oil, but never has been grown in sufficient quantity for either purpose. The legislature of the country, as Brown observes, has paid more attention to framing laws regarding the husbandry of flax than to any other branch of rural economy ; but it need not excite surprise that these laws, even though accompanied by premiums, have failed to induce men to act in a manner contrary to their own interest. The fact is, the culture of flax is found on the whole less profitable than the culture of corn. It is one of the most severe crops when allowed to ripen its seed ; but by no means so when pulled green. Loud, encycl. agri. p. 846. The varieties of the common Flax are few, and hardly de- serving notice. Marshall mentions the Blue or Lead-coloured Flax, as being cultivated in Yorkshire, and Professor Thaer mentions a finer and coarser variety ; he also as well as some other agriculturists has tried the Linum perenne, but though it affords a strong fibre, it is coarser, and difficult to separate from the woody matter. The soil most proper for flax, besides the alluvial kinds, are deep and friable loams, and such as contain a large proportion of vegetable matter. Strong clays do not answer well, nor soils of a gravelly or dry sandy nature. But whatever be the kinds of soil, it ought neither to be too poor nor in too rich a condition ; because in the latter case tliejlax is apt to grow too luxuriant, and to produce a coarse sort ; and, in the former case, the plant from growing weakly affords only a small produce. (Treat, on Rural Affairs.) If there be water at a small depth below the surface of the ground, it is thought by some still better, as is the case in Zealand, which is remarkable for the fineness of its flax, and where the soil is deep and rather stiff, with water almost every where at the depth of a foot and a half or two feet underneath it. It is said to be owing to the want of this advantage, that the other provinces of Holland do not succeed equally well in the culture of this useful plant ; not that but fine flax is also raised on light lands, if they have been well tilled and manured, and if the seasons are not very dry. It is remarked in the letters of the Dublin Agricultural Society, that most stiff soils yield much larger quantities of flax and far better seed than can be obtained from light lands, and that the seeds reared from the former may with proper care be rendered full as good as any that can be imported from Riga or Zealand. M. Du Hamel, however, thinks that strong land can hardly yield such fine flax as that which grows on lighter ground. The place of flax in a rotation of crops is various, but in general it is considered as a corn or exhausting crop, when the seed is allowed to ripen, and as a green pea or bean crop, when the plant- is pulled green. Flax, Donaldson observes, is sown after all sorts of crops, but is found to succeed better on lands lately broken up from grass. In Scotland, the most skilful cultivators of flax generally prefer lands from which one crop of grain only has been taken, after having been several years in pasture. When such lands have been limed or marled, immediately before being laid down to grass, the crop of flax seldom or never mis- gives, unless the season proves remarkably adverse. In the north of Ireland flax is generally sown by the small farmers after potatoes. In Belgium it is supposed not to do well after peas or beans, nor to succeed if sown oftener on the same soil than twice. (Von Thaer.} The preparation of the soil when grass land is intended for Flax consists in breaking it up as early in the season as possible, so that the soil may be duly mellowed by the winter frosts, and in good order for being reduced by the harrows when the seed process is attempted. If flax is to succeed a corn crop, the like preparation is required to procure the aid of frost, without which the surface cannot be rendered fine enough for receiving the seed. Less frost, however, will do in the last than in the first case, therefore the grass land ought always to be earliest 454 LINE^E. I. LINUM. ploughed. At seed time harrow the land well before the seed is distributed, then cover the seed to a sufficient depth by giving a close double tine of the harrows. Water-furrow the land, and remove any stones or roots that may remain on the surface, which finishes the process. The ordinary season of sowing flax-seed is from the middle of March to the end of April, but the last week of March and the first 1 0 days of April is esteemed the best time, and accord- ingly within these periods the greatest quantity of flax-seed is sown in this country. In France and Italy it is often sown in the autumn, by which a larger crop is produced, especially when seed is desired. The quantity of seed depends upon the intention of the crop. When a crop of seed is intended to be taken, thin sowing is pre- ferable, in order that the plants may have room to throw out lateral shoots, and to obtain air in the blossoming and filling season. But it is a mistake to sow thin when flax is intended to be taken, for the crop then becomes coarse, and often unpro- ductive. From eight to ten pecks per acre is the proper quan- tity \v\\enjlax is intended, but when seed is the object six pecks is sufficient, for seed from thick sown crops is never so good, nor so abundant. (Donaldson.) In the choice of seed, that which is of a bright, brownish colour, oily to the feel, and at the same time weighty, is considered the best. Linseed imported from various countries is employed. That brought from Holland is in the highest estimation, as it not only ripens sooner than any other that is imported, but also produces greater crops, and flax of that quality which best suits the chief manufactures of the country. American seed produces in common fine flax, but neither the quantity of flax, nor capsules, nor are they so large as the produce of Dutch linseed. Riga seed yields a very coarse sort of flax, but greater in quantity of seed than any other. It is common in some parts of Scotland to SDW seed saved from the crops of the preceding year, especially when that crop was raised from seed imported from Holland. The success of this practice is found to depend greatly on changing the seed from one sort of soil to another of an opposite nature. But the saving in the expense of purchasing that sort of seed in place of what is newly imported from Holland is so inconsider- able, and the risk of the crop misgiving so much greater in the one case than in the other, that those only who are ignorant of the consequences, or who are compelled from necessity, are chargeable with this act of ill-judged parsimony. Flax-seed is by some farmers changed every three years in succession without perceiving any degeneracy. When any degeneracy takes place the seed of flax grown on a different soil, as moss, moor, sand, &c. without any view to the produce in fibre, will, it is said, answer as well as foreign seed. The manner of sowing flax is almost always the same, but when seed is the main object drilling may bs adopted, by which seed may be saved in sowing, cleaning conducted at ;oss expense, and the plants rendered more vigorous and branchy, by the stirring of the soil, and the admission of p'r tetv/een the rows. The fibres of flax grown in this way will be shorter, and less equal in thickness throughout their length, than flax grown by the broadcast mode and tolerably thick. The after culture consists chiefly in weeding, but sometimes it commences with rolling ths surface, which is a very proper operation when the soil is very dry, the season advanced, or the earth very porous. By this process the earth is pressed firmly to the seeds, and they are thereby stimulated to vegetate sooner, and the drought is kept out. On some soils, and in wet and stormy seasons, flax is apt to be laid, to guard against which some cultivators run across their flax-field slender poles, fixed to stakes ; but a better method is to run small ropes across the field both lengthwise and breadthwise, so as to form a sort of net-work, fastened to stakes at due distances, which is proof against almost every accident that can happen from tempestuous weather. In Scotland a crop of flax is sometimes weeded by turning a flock of sheep at large into the field. They will not take the young flax plants, but they carefully search for the weeds, which they devour. The crop of flax is taken in by pulling, on which there is considerable differences of opinion. None, however, think of pulling it before it comes into flower, when fibre is the sole object, or before the seed in the capsules acquires a brownish colour, when fibre and seed jointly or fibre alone is the object. Some argue for pulling while it is green, in order that its fibres may be softer and finer ; others, with the same view, pull it up before its seeds are quite formed, and others again think that it should not be pulled till some of the capsules have begun to open, being of opinion that the fibres of green flax are too tender, and that they fall into tow. On the other hand it is certain that the fibres of flax which has stood till it is very ripe are always stiff and harsh, that they are not easily separated from the woody part, and that they do not bleach so well, there- fore both extremes should be avoided, and it seems most reason- able to think that the properest time for pulling flax is, when its stalks begin to turn from a green to a yellow colour, when its leaves begin to fall, and when its seeds begin to be brown. Donaldson observes that a crop of flax frequently grows and runs out a great number of seed-bearing branches. When that is the case the seeds, not \heflax, ought to be the farmer's chief object, and the crop should be allowed to stand till the seeds are perfected. But that when the crop thrives and is likely to become more valuable for the flax than the seeds, it should be pulled soon after the bloom drops off, and before the pods turn hard and sharp in the points. When flax is grown for its fibre, Brown considers it the safest course to take it in a little early, as any thing wanted in quantity being in this way made up by the superiority of the quality. The operation of pulling flax differs according to the intention of the crop. When it is grown for the fibre it is pulled and tied immediately in sheaves like corn, being carried off immediately to be watered. But when seed is the object of the crop, it is pulled up and laid in handfuls across each other, the reason of which is, the business of rippling is facilitated, as the ripplers, in place of having to separate each handful from the bundle, find it by this simple precaution already done to their hand. In most fields there are varieties of soils, of course some parts of a field will produce fine flax, others coarse, some long and some short ; in a word, crops of different lengths and qualities. It cannot be supposed that all these different kinds of flax will undergo an equal degree of watering, grassing, breaking, and heckling without sustaining much injury. Although it is of much importance yet it very seldom happens that much attention is bestowed to separate the different sorts of flax from each other, in pulling the crop. Some instead of laying the flax in loose handfu's, tie them up loosely at the top, and then spread out their roots and set several of them together in an upright position upon their roots. In either case the flax is left twelve or fourteen days in the field to dry it. This drying is certainly not necessary for the rippling, because the ripple will separate the capsules from the flax as effectually before it has been dried as it will afterwards, and if it is done with a view to ripen the seed, it should be considered that the flax will be more hurt by the longer time of steeping, which will become necessary in consequence of this drying, than the seed can be benefited, because the more the membrane which connects the fibres to the reed is dried, the greater must be the degree of putrefaction necessary to loosen and destroy the cohesion of this connecting membrane ; the finer parts of the flax itself must necessarily be destroyed by the degree of LINE^E. I. LINUM. 455 putrefaction necessary to separate the membrane from the fibre. The practice adopted in some parts of Brittany seems, there- fore, much more rational, which is to ripple the flax after it has lain in the air two or three days, but even one day will be suffi- cient if the weather is dry. The process of rippling is the next operation. A large cloth should be spread on a convenient spot of ground, with a ripple placed in the middle of it. In performing this operation, the capsules are separated from the stalks by means of an iron comb called a ripple, fixed on a beam of wood, on the ends of which two persons sit, who, by pulling the seed ends of the flax repeatedly through this comb, execute the operation in a very complete manner. In Scotland the pods are generally separated by the ripple, even when there is no intention of saving them for seed, as it is found when the Jlax is put into water without taking off the capsules, the water soon becomes putrid, in consequence of which the flax is greatly injured. The management of the capsules and separating of the seed is the next operation. The capsules should be spread in the sun to dry, and those seeds which separate from the capsules of their own accord, being the fullest and ripest, should be set apart for sowing, in case the precaution of raising some flax purposely for seed has not been attended to. The capsules are then broken, either by treading or by threshing, in order to get out the remaining seeds, the whole of which, as well as the former, should be carefully sifted, winnowed, and cleaned. When the seed is laid up, it must be frequently stirred or ven- tilated to prevent its heating. Even this second seed affords a considerable profit by the oil which it yields, and also by being used when broken for fattening of cattle. To facilitate the separation of the fibre from the bark, it is necessary to accelerate the process of decay or putrefaction. This may be done in different ways, but the chief are those of bleaching alone, or of steeping and bleaching. Bleaching is a tedious and laborious operation, when it is intended as a sub- stitute for steeping, but it is the most certain for not injuring the fibre, and may be adopted on a small scale when steeping places are not at hand. In Dorsetshire and some other places, flax, instead of being steeped, is what is called dew-retted ; that is, the stalks are allowed to lie on the grass until they arrive at that state in which the harl or woody part separate easily from the boon, reed, or fibre, by the action and influence of the dew. This is nothing more than exposing the flax to the influence of the weather for a longer period than is necessary, when the ope- ration of watering has been previously performed, as in grassing. Steeping, however, is the most universal practice both in Britain and on the Continent. Of late an invention has been made by Mr. Lee of Middlesex, by which, with the aid of soft soap and machinery, the fibre is more completely separated than by steep- ing, and uninjured by that process. When^aa: is to be separ- ated by this new process, the cultivator has only to pull it in handfulls, dry it, bind it into sheaves, and put it up in stacks like corn, till wanted by the manufacturer. Steeping or watering, however, is and will be the general practice, till flax-dressing machines come into general practice. In performing this operation, tine flax, whether it has been dried and rippled or pulled green, is loosely tied into small bundles, the smaller the better, because it is then most equally watered. , These sheaves ought to he built in the pool in a reclining upright position, so that the weight placed above may keep the whole firm down. The weights made use of are commonly stones placed on planks or directly on the flax. The Flemish mode of steeping flax, as described by Radcliff, is said to improve the quality of the flax and greatly increase its whiteness. The mode differs from the common practice in placing the bundles in the steep vertically instead of horizontally, in immersing the flax by means of transverse sticks, with that degree of weight annexed, which shall not push it down to the bottom, but leave it to descend spontaneously towards the conclusion of the steepage ; and in leaving at first a space of half a foot between the bottom and the roots of the flax. The spontaneous descent of the flax is an indication of its being sufficiently steeped, and the strength and quality of the fibre are said to be much better preserved by this mode, in which the temperature of the atmosphere acts with most force on the upper part of the plant, which needs it most. The water most proper for steeping flax should be clear, soft, and in standing pools. Compared with running water, pools occasion thereto: to have a better colour, to be sooner ready for the grass, and even to be of superior quality in every respect. Where soft, clear, stagnating water cannot be obtained without art, a pit or canal is commonly formed, adjoining a river or stream, whence water can be easily brought. This pit or canal is filled with water for some time (a week or two) before it be proposed to pull the flax, by this means the water acquires a greater degree of warmth than river water possesses, and which contributes greatly to facilitate the object farmers have in view in immersing green flax in water, namely, to make the flaxing substance part easily and completely from the boon reed or harl. The period that flax ought to remain in the mater depends on various circumstances, as the state of ripeness in which it is pulled, the quality and temperature of the water, &c. The most certain rule to judge when flax is sufficiently watered is, when the boon becomes brittle and the harl separates easily from it. In warm weather ten days of the watering process is suffi- cient ; but it is proper to examine the pools regularly after the seventh day, lest the flax should putrefy or rot, which sometimes happens in very warm weather. Twelve days will answer in any sort of weather, though it may be remarked that it is better to give too little of the water than too much, as any deficiency may be easily made up by suffering it to be longer on the grass, whereas an excess of water admits of no remedy (Brown). Grassing or bleaching flax is the next operation, the intention of which is to rectify any defect in the watering process, and to carry on the putrefying process to that point when the fibre will separate from the bark, boon, reed, or harl with the greatest ease. In performing this operation the flax is spread very thin on the ground, and in regular rows, the one being made to over- lap the other a few inches, with a view of preventing, as much as possible, its being torn up and scattered by gales of wind. Old grass-ground, where the herbage does not grow to -any great height, is the best for the purpose, as when the grass or weeds spring up so as to cover the flax, it is frequently rotted, or at least greatly injured thereby. The time allowed for grassing is regulated by the state of the flax, and seldom exceeds ten or twelve days. During this time it is repeatedly examined, and when it is found that the boon has become very brittle, so that on being broken and rubbed between the hands, it easily and freely parts from the harl, it is then taken up, a dry day being chosen for the purpose, and being bound in sheaves is either sent directly to the mill, which is the usual practice in the northern districts, or broken and scutched by a machine or im- plement for that purpose. Steeping of flax in hot water and soft soap, said to be the invention of Lee, and for which he was granted by parliament a secret or unenrolled patent, is said to separate the fibre from the woody matter better than steeping in water, and this in the short space of two or three hours, and either with green flax or such as has been dried or stacked for months or years. The dressing of flax consists of various operations, such as scutching, hacking, or breaking, by which the woody part is broken, and heckling or combing, by which the fibre is separ- 456 LINE^E. I. LINUM. ated from the woody part, and sorted into lengths. These oper- ations are often all performed by the cottager or small farmer, who grows flax for the purpose of spinning the fibre in his own family. But there are also public^aa; mills, impelled by water or other powers, by which flax is scutched, and it is then heckled by professed hecklers. A method of preparing flax in such a manner as to resemble cotton in whiteness and softness, as well as in coherence, is given in the Swedish Transactions for the year 1747. For this purpose a little sea-water is to be put into an iron pot, or an untinned copper kettle, and a mixture of equal parts of birch-ashes and quicklime to be strewed upon it ; a small bundle of flax is to be opened and spread upon the surface, and covered with more of the mixture, and the strati- fication continued till the vessel is sufficiently filled. The whole is then boiled with sea-water for ten hours, fresh quantities of water being then supplied according to the evaporation, that the matter may never become dry. The boiled flax is to be imme- diately washed in the sea by a little at a time in a basket with a smooth stick, at first when hot, and when grown cold enough to be borne by the hands, it must be well rubbed, washed with soap, laid to bleach, and turned and watered every day. Re- petitions of the washing with soap expedite the bleaching, after which the flax is to be beat, and again well washed ; when dry it is to be worked and carded in the same manner as common cotton, and pressed betwixt two boards for 48 hours. It is now fully prepared and fit for use. It loses in this process nearly one-half of its weight, which however is abundantly compensated by the improvement made in its quality. Lee's method of breaking flax and hemp without dew-retting was invented in 1810, and was the first step towards a great improvement, brought nearer to perfection by the new patent machines of Messrs. Hill and Bunby, which are portable, and may be worked in barns or any kind of out-hou«e ; they are also well calculated for parish workhouses and charitable insti- tutions ; a great part of the work being so light, that it may be done by children and infirm persons, and such is the construc- tion and simplicity of the machines, that no previous instruction or practice in required. The woody part is removed by a very simple machine, and by passing through the second machine, equally simple, the flax may be brought to any degree of fine- ness equal to the best used in France and the Netherlands, for the finest lace and cambric. The original length of the fibre, as well as the strength remains unimpaired, and the difference of the produce is immense, being nearly two-thirds, one ton of flax being produced from four tons of stalks. The expense of work- ing each ton obtained by this method is only five pounds. The glutinous matter may be removed by soap and water only, which will bring the flax to such perfect whiteness, that no further bleaching is necessary, even after the linen is woven ; and the whole process of preparing flax may be completed in six days. The produce of flax in seed is generally from six to eight, sometimes as high as ten or twelve bushels per acre, and the price depends in a great measure on that of foreign seed im- ported ; as when sold to oil makers it is generally about one-half of Dutch seed, sold for the purpose of sowing. The seed is separated into three qualities, the best for sowing, the second best for crushing for oil, and the inferior for boiling or steaming for cattle. The produce of flax in fibre varies exceedingly. Before being sorted, the gross product of fibre varies from three cwt. to half a ton per acre. The use of flax in the linen manufacture is well known. The seed is crushed for oil, which is that in common use by painters ; the cake or husk, which remains after the expression of the oil, is sold for fattening cattle, and in some places as a manure ; and the inferior seed, not fit for crushing, is boiled and made into flax-seed jelly, esteemed an excellent nutriment for stock, the process of making which we shall here describe. The propor- tion of water to seed is about seven to one. Having been steeped in water eight and forty hours previous to boiling, the remainder is added cold, and the whole boiled gently about two hours, keeping it in motion during the operation, to prevent its burning to the boiler, thus reducing the whole to a jelly-like, or rather a gluey or ropy consistence. After being cooled in tubs it is given with the mixture of barley-meal, bran, and cut chaff; a bullock being allowed about two quarts of the jelly per day, or somewhat more than a quart of seed in four days ; that is about one-sixteenth of the medium allowed of oil. cake. 77;e diseases of flax are few, and chiefly the fly, which sometimes attacks the plant when young, and the mildew and rust. Medical qualities. Linseed contains about one-fifth of mucilage and one-sixth of fixed oil. The mucilage resides entirely in the skin, and is separated by infusion or decoction, the oil by expres- sion. It is one of the cheapest fixed oils, but is generally rancid and nauseous, and unfit for internal use. Linseed is emollient and demulcent. The entire seeds are used in cataplasms. The infusion is much employed as a pectoral drink, and in ardor-urinae, nephritic pains, and during the exhibition of corrosive sublimate. Very useful or Common Flax. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. 1 to 3 feet. • 50 L. MARGINA'TUM (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 443.) plant glabrous, erect ; leaves linear-lanceolate, reflexed ; sepals with white margins, and are as well as the capsules mucronated ; petals crenated. I/ . H. Native of? L. angustifolium, Willd. enum. 338. but not of Huds. L. affine, Panz. mss. Very like L. usitatissimum, but the flowers are smaller. Marginated-sepatted Flax. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1810. PI. 2 ft. 51 L. REFLE'XUM (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 307.) leaves ovate- lanceolate, acuminated, reflexed, smooth ; sepals acuminated ; filaments connate. Ij. . H. Native of the south of Europe. Flowers blue. Kejlexed-lesiveii Flax. Fl. July. Clt. 1777. PI. 1| foot. 52 L. RUBRUM (Rafin. carl. p. 74.) plant glabrous; stem straight, branched, angular at the top ; leaves linear acute, 1- nerved ; peduncles rather corymbose, striated ; sepals ovate, acuminated, 3-nerved, with scarious margins. I/ . H. Native of Sicily near Agrigentum. Flowers rose-coloured. Allied to L. usitalissimum. 7?erf-flowered Flax. Fl. June, July. PI. 1| to 2 feet. 53 L. OLioorny'LLUM (Willd. mss. in Schult. syst. 6. p. 758.) stem branched ; leaves linear, scale-formed ; flowers solitary ; sepals ovate, acuminated. If. . F. Native of Buenos Ayres. Var. a, glandulosum (Schiede in Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 68.) branched ; leaves spreading, furnished with as tipular gland at the base. Var, (3, eglandulosum (Schiede, 1. c.) leaves spreading, desti- tute of the stipular gland. Far. y, squamifolium (Schiede, 1. c.) stem simple ; leaves scale-formed, without the stipular gland. Few-leaved Flax. PI. 1 foot ? 54 L. SQUAMULOSUM (Rud. ill Willd. enum. p. 338.) plant glabrous, erect ; leaves linear-awl-shaped, erect, lower ones smaller, and crowded ; sepals ovate, acute, 5-nerved, with mem- branaceous margins ; petals hardly thrice the size of calyx. "H.. H. Native ofTauria and on the banks of the Don. Flowers blue, but sometimes apetalous, according to Rudolph. L. Austriacum, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 245. but not of Lin. Scafy-leaved Flax. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 55 L. DIFFU SUM (Schult. obs. 63.) plant glabrous, diffuse, ascending ; stems branched ; branches spreading ; leaves linear- lanceolate, acute, 1 -nerved ; petals twice the size of the calyx. LINE.E. I. LINUM. 457 y. . H. Native of? Flowers pale blue. L. Austriacum, Lam. diet. 3. p. 521. Branches spreading horizontally. Diffuse Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PL | to 1 foot. 56 L. ANGUSTIFOLIUM (Huds. angl. 134.) plant glabrous, many-stemmed, rather erect ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, 3- nerved ; sepals elliptical, 3-nerved, acutish ; petals hardly twice the size of the calyx. 7/ . H. Native of France, and Italy, also of Asia and New Holland. In England in sandy or chalky pastures, especially towards the sea. About St. Ives and Truro, Cornwall, plentifully ; in Sussex and Kent ; near Walsingham, and in Gunton fields, Norfolk ; at Darsham, Suffolk ; in a field by Allerton Hall, near Liverpool. Smith, engl. bot. t. 381. Petals pale-purple, with a slight notch. Narrow-leaved Flax. Fl. July. England. PL 1 foot. 57 L. SI'CULUM (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 127.) stem simple ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved ; flowers in corymbose panicles ; sepals acuminated, 3-nerved, with glan- dular margins ; petals emarginate. Tf. ? H. Native of Sicily. Sicilian Flax. PL 1 foot. 58 L. AGRE'STE (Brot. fl. lus. 481.) stems rather tufted> ob- lique, and are as well as lanceolate, 3-nerved ; acuminated leaves glabrous ; sepals lanceolate, 3-nerved, acuminated ; petals cu- neated ; capsules mucronate, woolly at the dissepiments. 0. H. Native of Portugal. Petals white, with purple lines and 5 blue nerves at the claws, or from purplish-white to ash-coloured. Wild Flax. Fl. June, July. PL 1 to 2 feet. 59 L. SIBI'RICUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 427.) plant glabrous, erect, tall ; leaves linear, acute, spreading, without dots ; sepals oval, 5-nerved at the base, outer ones acutish, inner ones very blunt, all with membranaceous margins ; petals entire, three or four times larger than the calyx. I/ . H. Native of Siberia. L. perenne, var. Sibirica, Lin. spec. 379. Mill. fig. t. 166. f. 2. good. L. Austriacum, Sims. bot. mag. t. 1086. Flowers large, beautiful blue. Siberian Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1775. PL 3 to 4 feet. 60 L. LEWI'SH (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 210.) stems tall, numerous, glabrous ; leaves scattered, lanceolate-linear, mucro- nate, glabrous ; sepals ovate, acuminated, 3-nerved ; petals rounded at the apex. 1£. H. Native of North America in the valleys of the Rocky Mountains, and on the banks of the Missouri. L. Sibiricum, var. Lewisii, Lindl. bot. reg. 1163. Flowers large, pale blue. Plant glaucous. Lewis's flax. Fl. July. Clt. 1826. PL 1 to 2 feet. 61 L. A'NGLICUM (Mill. diet. no. 5.) plant glabrous, ascending ; leaves linear, acute, erect ; sepals obovate, obscurely 5-nerved, outer ones hardly mucronate, inner ones obtuse, with membrana- ceous margins ; petals emarginate, two or three times longer than the calyx. If. . H. Native of England on chalky hills in Cambridgeshire, Northamptonshire, and Westmoreland, and at Marsham, Norfolk. L. perenne, var. A'nglica, Lin. L. perenne, Smith, fl. brit. 343. engl. bot. 1. t. 40. Mart. fl. rust. t. 134. Roots woody. Flowers pale-blue. Far. ft, procumbens (Rai. angl. 3. p. 362.) stems procumbent. Jt.EL English Flax. Fl. June, July. England, PL 1 to 1| foot. 62 L. AUSTRIACUM (Lin. mant. 359.) plant glabrous, erect; leaves linear or rather lanceolate, acute, erectish, full of pellucid dots ; branches racemose ; fructiferous pedicels deflexed ; sepals oval, obtuse, 3 or 5-nerved at the base ; petals retuse, three or four times longer than the calyx. I/ . H. Native of Austria on hills. Jacq. fl. austr. t. '418. Petals pale, blueish-purple. Austrian Flax. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1775. PL 1 to 2 feet. 63 L. MONTA'NUM (Schleich. cat. pi. helv. D. C. prod. 1. p. 427.) plant glabrous, erectish, many-stemmed; leaves linear or lanceolate, acute, erectish ; flowers in panicled corymbs ; VOL. i. — PART. v. fructiferous pedicels erect ; sepals oval, 3-nerved at the base, with membranaceous margins, outer ones acute, inner ones obtuse, thrice as large as the calyx. Ij. . H. Native of France, Switzerland, Italy, and Hungary, on grassy mountains. L. Austriacum, D. C. suppl. 615. L. alpinum, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 615. L. perenne, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 66. Bert, amcen. it. 352. L. Ise ve, Scop. earn. ed. 2. no. 387. t. 11. L. Narbo- nense, Sut. helv. 184. L. alpinum /3, elktius, Wahl. carp. 299. Flowers blue. Mountain Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PL 1 foot. 64 L. ALPI'NUM (Lin. spec. 1672.) plant glabrous, decum- bent, many-stemmed ; leaves linear, awl-shaped, spreading, full of pellucid dots ; flowers few, rather corymbose ; fructiferous pe- dicels erect ; sepals oval, 3-nerved at the base, with membran- aceous margins, outer ones acutish, inner ones obtuse, thrice as large as the calyx. I/ . H. Native of the south of France, north of Italy, and Austria, on dry mountains. Jacq. aust. t. 321. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 17. Linum perenne y, alpinum Schiede in Schlecht. Linngga. 1. p. 70. Flowers large, blue. Alpine Flax. FL July, Aug. Clt. 1739. PL ^ foot. 65 L. DECU'MBENS (Desf. all. 1. p. 278. t. 79.) plant glabrous, many-stemmed, decumbent ; leaves linear-awl-shaped, acute, erect ; flowers few, somewhat corymbose ; fructiferous pedicels erect ; sepals ovate, membranaceous, pointed at the apex ; petals retuse, twice as long as the calyx. I/ . H. Native of the north of Africa in fields, in the kingdom of Tunis. Flowers rose-coloured. Decumbent Flax. FL June, July. Clt. 1817. PL i foot. 66 L. GRANDIFLORUM (Desf. ad. 1. p. 277. t. 78.) plant glabrous, erectish, branched at the base ; leaves linear-lanceo- late, acute, erectish ; flowers loosely panicled ; sepals lanceolate, acute, ciliary-serrated, rather longer than the capsules. Tf.. F. Native of the north of Africa in fields near Mascar. Flowers large, rose-coloured. Leaves rough on the margins. Great-flowered Flax. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1 820. PL £ to 1 ft. 67 L. TENUIFOLIUM (Lin. spec. 398.) stems branching from the base, erect, glabrous ; leaves linear-setaceous, smoothish ; sepals lanceolate, acuminated, fringed with glandular hairs in the middle, exceeding the capsule in length ; petals three times longer than the calyx. I/ . H. Native of many parts of Europe on arid hills, particularly in France, Switzerland, and Germany. Jacq. fl. austr. t. 215.— Clus. hist. 1. p. 318. f. 2.— Flowers of a dirty whitish flesh-colour. Leaves spinulose on the margins. Slender-leaved Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. PL l^ft. 68 L. SALSOLOI'DES (Lam. diet. 3. p. 521.) stems shrubby at the base, branched and a little twisted ; branches ascending, sterile ones short ; leaves linear-setaceous, smoothish ;' sepals ovate, acuminated, fringed with glandular hairs in the middle, rather shorter than the capsules ; petals 3-times longer than the calyx. T? . H. Native of France, Provence, and Vascony, in arid places. L. suffruticosum, D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 616. but not of Cav. — Barrel, icon. t. 795. Flowers small, of a dirty whitish flesh-colour. Salsola-likeTlax. FL June, July. Clt. 1810. PL 1 foot. 69 L. suFFRUTic6suM (Lin. spec. 400.) stems shrubby at the base, branched, and are as well as linear, acute leaves, scabrous in all parts ; sepals acuminated, fringed with glandular hairs in the middle ; petals 5-times longer than the calyx. Jj . F. Native of Spain in arid fields. Cav. icon. 2. t. 108. L. tenui- folium, Asso. syn. arr. 41. Linum, Bory. ann. gen. 3. p, 10. • — Barrel, icon. t. 1231. Differing from L. salsoloides in being canescent and having oblong petals. Flowers large, pale-flesh- coloured, or white with purple claws. Suffrulicose Flax. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1759. Shrub 1| foot. 70 L. CA'RNEUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 132.) leaves linear- lanceolate, very acute, glaucescent, lower ones opposite, upper 3N 458 LINEjE. I. LINUM. II. RADIOLA. MALVACEAE. ones rather imbricate ; panicle coarctate ; sepals acute, serru- lated, shorter than the petals. ^ • S. Native of Brazil. Plant shrubby at the base. Flowers flesh-coloured. Flesh-coloured-flowered Flax. PI. f to 1 foot. t Species not sufficiently known, but most of nhich evidently belong to the last section, with blue flowers. 71 L. HISPA'NICUM (Mill. diet. no. 7.) stem panicled, pro- cumbent ; leaves scattered, linear-lanceolate ; sepals acute. I/ . H. Native of Spain. Flowers like those of L. usitatissi- mum. Spanish Flax. FI. June, July. Clt. ? PI. procumbent. 72 L. BIE'NNE (Mill. diet. no. 8.) stems branched ; leaves alternate, linear ; sepals spreading, acuminated. $ . H. Native of Istria. Flowers like those of L. usitatissimum. Biennial Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PI. 3 foot. 73 L. PALLASIA'NUM (Schult. syst. 6. p. 758.) plant pubes- cent ; leaves linear, acute, hoary ; sepals smoothish, acute, with white, lacerated margins. 7/ . H. Native of Russia about Cherson. L. pubescens, Willd. mss. Corolla blue, 3-times longer than the calyx. Pallas's Flax. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 74 L. PUBE'SCENS (Russ. allep. ex Schult. syst. 6. p. 758.) stem round ; floral leaves opposite, lanceolate, pilose ; flowers almost sessile ; sepals ciliated, length of leaves. If.? H. Native of Syria about Aleppo. Flowers unknown. Pubescent Flax. PI. 1 foot. 75 L. TRINE'RVIUM (Roth. nov. spec. 187.) plant glabrous ; leaves alternate, linear, 3-nerved ; sepals oblong, 3-ribbed. Native of the East Indies. Flowers perhaps yellow. Three-nerved-\ea\ed Flax. PI. 1 foot? 76 L. BROTE'RI (Hoffmansegg.) sepals awl-shaped, larger than the calyx ; flowers rather panicled ; leaves filiform, glan- dularly ciliated. Native of Spain. Flowers white. Brotero's Flax. PI. ? $ 3. Flowers white. Leaves opposite. 77 L. CATHA'RTICUM (Lin. spec. 401.) plant erect, glabrous; leaves opposite, obovate-lanceolate ; stem forked at the top. O- H. Native throughout Europe, both in dry and moist meadows ; plentiful in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. 6. t. 382. Curt. lond. fasc. 3. t. 19. Mart. rust. t. 135. Schkuhr. handb. l.t. 87. Black herb. t. 368. Petals white, acute. Flowers pendulous before expansion. This plant is bitter, and power- fully, but as it seems, not dangerously cathartic. Dr. Wither- ing found 2 drachms or more, in a dose, of the dried herb, useful in obstinate rheumatisms. Cathartic or Purging Flax or Mill Mountains. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. | to 1 foot. Cult. Most of the species of this genus are very ornamental. The green-house and frame species grow freely in a mixture of loam and peat, and cuttings strike root readily in the same kind of soil under a hand-glass. The hardy shrubby species will grow in any light soil, and cuttings will root freely under a hand- glass. The hardy perennial species are well adapted for orna- menting flower-borders, but the dwarf kinds succeed best on rock-work, or to be grown in pots, that they may be protected by a frame in severe weather, or from too much wet ; they may be increased by dividing the plants at the root, by cuttings planted under a hand-glass, or by seeds, which in most of the species ripen in abundance. The annual species only require to be sown in the open ground in April. II. RADFOLA (from radioing, a little ray, in allusion to the rayed capsules). Gmel. syst. 1. p. 289. D. C. prod. 1. p. 428. LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Tetragynia. Sepals of calyx 4, joined to the middle, each of which is deeply and acutely 3-cleft. Petals 4, obovate, undivided, length of calyx. Anthers 2-lobed. Ovary 4-lobed. Styles 4, short. Stigmas capitate. Capsules roundish, somewhat pointed, with 8 furrows and 8 valves, with inflexed edges ; 8 cells ; seeds solitary in the cells, oval, com- pressed, polished. 1 R. LINOIDES (Gmel. syst. 1. p. 289.). ©. H. Native in wet sandy ground throughout Europe ; plentiful in Britain. R. millegrana, Smith, fl. brit. 202. engl. bot. 13. t. 893. Linum radiola, Lin. spec. 402. Fl. dan. t. 178. — Vaill. par. 33. t. 4. f. 6. Stem repeatedly forked, leafy, many-flowered, mo- derately spreading and somewhat corymbose. Leaves sessile, small, ovate, 3-ribbed. Flower-stalks solitary from the forks of the stem as well as its ultimate branches, white, very minute. Capsules light brown, rather depressed. Flax-like Radiola or Flax-seed. Britain. PL 1 to 2 inches. Cult. The seeds of this very small plant should be sown in a moist sandy situation, where it may afterwards be allowed to scatter itself. ORDER XXX. MALVA'CE^E (plants agreeing with Malva in important characters). Brown, congo. p. 8. Kunth, diss. 1822. p. 1. D. C. prod. 1. p. 429.— Malvaceae § 1, 2, 3. Juss. gen. 271. Calyx usually of 5 sepals (f. 84. 6. f. 85. &.), rarely 3-4, more or less connected at the base, valvate in aestivation, usually bearing bracteas at the base (f. 83. a. f. 84. a.), these constitute an outer calyx or involucrum. Petals equal in number to the sepals (f. 83. b. f. 84. c. f. 85. c.) and alternating with them, hypogynous, equal, twisted in aestivation (f. 84. &.), sometimes distinct, but usually adnate to the tube of the stamens at the base. Stamens numerous, definite, but usually indefinite (f. 84. d.~) ; filaments connected into a column (f. 84. d.~), un- equal, outer ones shortest ; anthers 1 -celled, kidney-shaped, bursting by a transverse chink. Ovary usually of many carpels (f. 83. e. f. 84. h.) disposed in a whorl around the axis, almost always connected. Styles equal in number with the ovaries, sometimes distinct, -sometimes joined in one, with an equal number of stigmas (f. 84. g.} which are more or less distinct. O N. O / Carpels sometimes 1-2-seeded, opening by a chink on the inside, sometimes many-seeded, opening by valves and with a dissepi- ment in the middle of each valve, bearing the seeds, some- times nearly free, sometimes connected into a many-celled capsule (f. 83. f. f. 84. h.) sometimes connate, into an anoma- lous kind of berry (f. 85. h. z.). Seeds ovate or somewhat trique- trous, covered by a smooth or villous epidermis (f. 83. g. f. 84. t.). Albumen none. Embryo straight, dicotyledonous, with a terete radicle, and yellow twisted cotyledons. — Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves alternate, usually stalked, toothed, or lobed. Villi usually stellately branched. Stipulas 2, at the sides of the leaves. Peduncles axillary, 1 or many-flowered, sometimes disposed in terminal racemose spikes in consequence of the upper leaves being absent. This order, before it was dis- membered from Bombacece and Bytlneriacece, contained most of the grandest flowers in nature. Even now the splendour of various species of Althcea, Hibiscus, &c. renders it a very re- markable group of plants, the greater part of which are MALVACEAE. 459 objects worthy of the gardener's care, particularly those which are hardy. In stoves and green-houses the species are parti- cularly liable to the attacks of the red spider, mealy bug, and scale, a circumstance which makes them less generally esteemed than the beauty of many of them merits. The greater part of the plants contained in this Order are clothed with stellate pu- bescence, and a kidney-shaped, 1 -celled anther is a character common to the whole. These two peculiarities, together with the alternate stipulate leaves, distinguish them from all the rest of ThalamiflbrcE. All the species abound in a nutritive mucilage ; a quality which renders the young heads of the Okro or Hibis- cus esculentus, an object of great value within the tropics as an ingredient in soups. In Brazil the Abuliton esculcntum serves the same purposes. The emollient properties of Althaea qffici- nalis are well known to physicians. A decoction of the leaves of Sphceralcea Cisplatma is used for similar objects in Brazil. A species of Pavdnia is employed in the same country as a diu- retic in the form of a decoction. The straight shoots of Slda macrantha are employed as rocket-sticks at Rio Janeiro. The chewed leaves of Slda carpinifdlia allay the inflammation occasioned by the stings of wasps. The tough fibres of many Malvdcece are manufactured into cordage. Their petals are as- tringent, whence those of Hibiscus rbsa-Sinensls are used in China to blacken the eye-lashes, and the leather of shoes. The fibrous threads, in which the seeds of Gossyp'mm are enveloped, furnish the valuable cotton, an article of immense importance to the world ; these threads, when examined by the microscope, will be seen to be finely toothed, which explains the cause of their adhering together with greater facility than those ofBombax and several Apocynece, which are destitute of teeth, and which cannot be spun into thread without the admixture of cotton. Synopsis of the genera. Division I. Calyx double, or girded by an involucrum. 1 MA'LOPE. Calyx girded by a 3-leaved involucrum ; leaflets cordate. Carpels numerous, 1 -seeded, disposed into a head. 2 MA'LVA. Calyx girded by a 3-leaved involucrum, rarely by a 5-6-leaved one ; leaflets oblong or setaceous. Carpels cap- sular, 1 -seeded, verticillate, disposed in an orbicular head. 3 SPH^RA'LCEA. Calyx girded by a 3-leaved involucel. Carpels, 2-3-seeded, verticillate, collected into a round head. 4 MODI OLA. Calyx girded by a 3-leaved involucel. Car- pels bicuspidate, 2-seeded, disposed in a whorl. 5 KITAIBE'LIA. Calyx girded by a 7-9-cleft involucel. Car- pels capsular, 1-seeded, disposed into a 5-lobed head. 6 ALTH.E'A. Calyx girded by a 6-9-cleft involucel. Carpels capsular, 1-seeded, disposed into a globular head. 7 LAVATE^RA. Calyx girded by a 3-5-cleft involucel ; leaflets usually connected together to the middle. Carpels capsular, 1-seeded, disposed into an orb around the axis. 8 MALA'CHRA. General involucrum 3-5-leaved, girding a head of flowers. Calyx girded by a proper 8-12-leaved invo- lucel ; leaflets linear, or bristle-formed. Carpels 5, capsular, 1-seeded, disposed into a globular head. 9 URE'NA. Calyx girded by a 5-cleft involucel, especially with the leaflets connected to the middle. Anthers on the top of the staminiferous tube. Carpels 5, capsular, connivent, 1- seeded, usually echinated on the outside, with prickles, which are rayed at the apex. 10 PAVONIA. Calyx girded by a 5-15-leaved involucel. Stigmas 10. Carpels 5, capsular, 2-valved, 1-seeded. 11 MALVAVI'SCUS. Calyx girded by a many-leaved invo- lucel. Petals erect, convolute. Stigmas 10. Carpels 5, bac- cate, 1-seeded, sometimes nearly distinct, but usually connate into a 5 -celled fruit. 12 LEBRETONIA. Calyx 5-parted, girded by a shorter 5- parted involucel. Petals 5, exserted in part, twisted in aestiva- tion, with a spreading limb. Styles 10. Carpels 5 or only 4 from abortion, 1-seeded, indehiscent. 13 HIBISCUS. Calyx girded by a many-leaved, rarely with few-leaved involucel, distinct or connected with each other at the base. Petals not auricled. Stigmas 5. Carpels joined into a 5-celled capsule, with the valves bearing a dissepiment on the inside ; cells many, rarely 1-seeded. Seeds woolly or smooth. 14 PARI'TIUM. Calyx girded by a 7-10-12-toothed or lobed in- volucel. Style 5-cleft. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved, with a dis- sepiment in the middle of each valve, many-seeded. Seed smooth. 15 LACUNA' RIA. Calyx girded by an involucel, which is almost reduced to a prominent, entire or toothed margin. Capsule 5-celled, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Cells many-seeded. Seeds smooth. 16 THESPE'SIA. Calyx truncate, girded by a 3-leaved deci- duous involucel. Capsule 5-celled ; cells semi-partite, bearing 4 seeds at the base, with an incomplete dissepiment. Albumen sparing. 17 GOSSY'PIUM. Calyx cup-shaped, bluntly 5 -toothed, girded by a 3-leaved involucel (f. 83. a.) leaflets connected at the base, cordate, jagged. Stigmas 3-5. Capsule 3-5-celled (f. 83./.), many-seeded. Seeds enveloped in cotton (f. 83. g.). 18 REDOUTE'A. Calyx 5-parted (f. 84. 6.), girded by a 10-12-leaved involucel (f. 84. a.), shorter than the calyx. Stig- mas 3 (f. 84. g.}. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved (f. 84. h.) many- seeded. Placentas 3, alternating with the valves, bearing woolly seeds (f. 84. i.) on all sides. Anthers in bundles (f. 84. d.). 19 FUGO'SIA. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 85. a.), girded by a very short 12-leaved setaceous involucel. Anthers few, disposed as it were in a whorl on the middle of the staminiferous tube (f. 85. d.). Stigmas 1-3-4 (f. 85. e.). Capsule 3-celled, globose ; cells 3-5-seeded (f. 85. h. z.). Seeds covered with short wool. 20 SE'RRA. Calyx 5-toothed, small, girded by a 3-leaved involucel; leaflets cordate, entire. Anthers about 10, stipitate, on the top and sides of the tube, with a 4-5-crenate membrane under the ovary. Stigmas 5. Capsule 2-celled ? 10-seeded. 21 LOPI'MIA. Involucel 2 0-leaved, longer than the calyx; leaflets setaceous, connivent. Corolla flat. Column of stamens somewhat deflexed. Stigmas 10. Anthers 30-40. Capsule of 5 carpels; carpels 1-seeded, close, covered with viscid mucilage. 22 POIYCHL^NA. Calyx 5-cleft, girded by a many-leaved, setaceous involucel. Capsule 5-celled, cells 1-seeded. 3 N 2 460 MALVACEAE. I. MAIOPE. II. MALVA. Division II. Calyx without an involucel. 23 PALA VIA. Calyx naked, S-cleft. Carpels capsular, nu- merous, 1 -seeded, disposed into a head without any order. 24 CRISTA'RIA. Calyx naked, 5-cleft. Fruit orbiculately- depressed, covered with a thin pellicle, composed of numerous 1 -seeded carpels, bearing 2 wings in the centre. 25 A'NODA. Calyx naked, 5-cleft ; lobes acuminated, spread- ing when in fruit. Capsule somewhat hemispherical beneath, depressed above and star-formed, many-celled, especially with 1 -celled, 1 -seeded, connate carpels. 26 PERI'PTERA. Calyx naked, 5-cleft. Petals erect, spirally twisted into a tube, at length free. Capsule stellately many- celled ; cells 1 -seeded. 27 SI'DA. Calyx naked, 5-cleft, usually angular. Stylesmul- tifid at the top. Carpels capsular, 5-40, 1 -seeded, seldom blad- dery, disposed in a whorl around the axis, more or less connected with each other, or wholly connected into a many-celled capsule. 28 ABUTILON. Calyx naked, 5-cleft, usually angular. Styles multifid at the apex. Carpels capsular, 5-30, many-seeded, usually bladdery, disposed in a whorl around the axis, so closely connected with each other as to form a many-celled capsule. 29 NUTTA'LLIA. Calyx naked, 5-cleft. Anthers numerous. Stigmas numerous, filiform. Carpels numerous, disposed into a ring or whorl, 1 -seeded, not opening spontaneously. 30 LAGUNE'A. Calyx naked, 5-cleft. Anthers on the top and sides of the tube. Stigmas 5. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved ; valves with a dissepiment in the middle, -separable, standing above the filiform central axis. 31 INGENHOU'ZIA. Calyx naked, 3-parted ; lobes ovate, lan- ceolate, acuminated. Petals 5. Urceolus campanulate, situated within the petals. Stamens numerous, monadelphous. Style 1. 32 EURYA'NTHE. Calyx naked, 5-cleft. Petals 5. Stamens indefinite, hardly connected at the base. Style 1 . Capsule 3- celled, 3-valved, many-seeded ; valves with a dissepiment in the middle of each. Division I. Calyx double, or girded by an involucrum. I. MA'LOPE (from /KiXoe, tender ; soft leaves). Lin. gen. no. 843. Lam. ill. t. 583. D. C. prod. 1. p. 429. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx 5-cleft, girded by a 3-leaved involucrum ; leaflets cordate. Carpels many, 1- seeded, collected into a head. Herbs resembling Mdlva, with large purplish or small white flowers. 1 M. MALACOI'DES (Lin. spec. 974.) leaves ovate, crenated ; sti- pulas oblong-linear ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered. Q.H. Na- tive of Italy, Provence, Spain, Mauritania, and the island of Scio, in meadows. Sweet, fl. gard. icon. Cav. diss. t. 37. f. 1. — Sabb. hort. 1. t. 50.— Moris, hist. 2. p. 522, sect. 3. t. 17. f. 11. — Bocc. sicil. 15. t. 8. f. 2. Barrel, icon. t. 1189. Flowers purplish. Var. ft, sinuata (D. C. prod. 1. p. 429.) leaves some obtusely tnfid, others sinuated or pinnatifid. 0.H. Native of Mauritania. —Cav. diss. t. 27. letter X. Intermediate between M.malacoldes and M. slipulacea. Flowers large, purplish-violet, like those of a species of Mallow. Mallow-like Malope. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1710. PL li ft. 2 M. STIPULACEA (Cav. ann. cienc. nat. 3. p. 74.) leaves ovate, crenated ; stipulas cordate, ovate, acute ; peduncles axil- lary, 1-flowered. Q. H. Native about Mogodor. Flowers large, purple, like those of a common Mallow. Large-stipuled Malope. Fl. July, Sept. PI. 1 foot. 3 M. TRI'FIDA (Cav. diss. 2. p. 85. t. 27. f. 2.) leaves 3- nerved, trifid, toothed, glabrous ; lobes acuminated ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered. ©. H. Native of Portugal, Spain, and Mauritania, in meadows. Flowers large, purple. Trifd-leaved Malope. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1808. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 4 M. MULTIFLORA (Trig, in Cav. diss. 2. p. 85.) leaves round- ish, crenated, villous; flowers 3-4, axillary. Q. H. Native of Portugal and Spain. Flowers small, white. Many-flowered Malope. PI. \ foot. Cult. The seeds of these beautiful plants only require to be sown in the open border about the beginning or middle of April. II. MA'LVA (altered by the Latins from the Greek word fiaXa^r), malache, soft, which comes from fia\aaaii>, to soften ; in allusion to the soft mucilaginous qualities of the species). Lin. gen. no. 841. Lam. ill. t. 582. D. C. prod. 1. p. 430. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx 5-cleft, girded by a 3-leaved involucrum, or rarely with a 5 or 6-leaved in- volucrum ; leaflets oblong or setaceous. Carpels capsular, many, disposed in a round head. Many of the species are shewy. Mdlva was an excellent vegetable among the Romans, but what species is uncertain, and the Chinese use some sort of Mallow as food. SECT. I. MALVA'RTRUM (a name altered from Mdlva}. D. C. prod. 1. p. 430. Carpels 1 -celled, 1 -seeded. § 1. Chrysdnlhce (from -^pvaot, chrysos, gold, and anthos, a flower ; because all the species contained in this sec- tion have yellow flowers). D. C. prod. 1. p. 430. Leaves undivided. Flowers small, yellow, almost sessile in the axils of the upper leaves, and sometimes apparently in spikes, in consequence of the upper leaves being wanting. 1 M. TRICUSPIDA'TA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 210.) leaves oblong or ovate, acute, serrated ; flowers axillary, glo- merate ; carpels tricuspidate. $ . S. Native of Jamaica. M. Americana, Cav. diss. 2. t. 22. f. 2. M. carpinifolia, Desr. in Lam. diet. enc. 3. p. 754. M. Coromandeliana, Willd. Swartz, Sida Jamaicensis, Mill. Var. /3, subtriloba (D. C. prod. 1. p. 430.) leaves somewhat 3-lobed. M. Antillarum, Zucc. obs. no. 79. Tricuspidate-carpelled Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt*. 1726. PI. 1 foot. 2 M. AMERICA' NA (Lin. spec. 968.) leaves ovate, acute, cre- nately serrated, rather pilose ; flowers axillary, generally solitary, or in terminal capitate spikes ; carpels awnless. (•)• H. Native of St. Domingo. M. ulmifolia, Balb. herb. M. Curassavica, Desrous, in Lam. diet. enc. 3. p. 754. American Mallow. Fl. July. Clt. 1756. PI. 1 foot. 3 M. SCA'BRA (Cav. diss. 5. 1. 138. f. 1.) leaves ovate-lanceo- late, coarsely toothed, obsoletely 3-lobed, under surface as well as branches scabrous with stellate hairs ; peduncles axillary, generally 2-flowered. J? . G. Native of Peru in arid places. M. scoparia, Jacq. icon. rar. t. 139. M. corchorifolia, Desrous in Lam. diet. enc. 3. p. 743. M. Lagascse, Cat. hort. taur. 1821. p. 36 1 There is a variety with sessile flowers. Scabrous Mallow. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1798. Shrub 4 ft. 4 M. SCOPA RIA (Lher. stirp. t. 27.) leaves ovate, crenately- serrated, under surface as well as branches somewhat velvety from stellate down ; flowers axillary, crowded, fj . G. Native of Peru. Cav. diss. 2. p. 65. t. 21. f. 4. Racemes axillary. MALVACEAE. II. MALVA. 461 Broom Mallow. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1782. Shrub 6 feet. 5 M. BORBO'NICA (Willd. enum. 728.) leaves ovate, acute, grossly and unequally toothed, clothed with starry pubescence, upper leaves cuneated at the base ; flowers axillary and in spikes at the tops of the branches. Tj . S. Native of Mauritius and Bourbon. Bourbon Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub 5 ft. 6 M. POLYSTA'CHYA (Cav. diss. 5. 1. 138. f. 3.) leaves ovate- acuminated, serrated, scabrous ; flowers axillary, and in spikes at the tops of the branches; capsules 12, glabrous, awnless. Tj . G. Native of Peru. M. vetulina, Desrous. in Lam. diet, enc. 3. p. 754. Many-spiked Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Shrub 4 feet. 7 M. TIMORIE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 430.) leaves ovate, rather cordate, toothed, and are as well as branches clothed with starry rough hairs ; flowers disposed in long cylindrical spikes ; capsules 8-12, bearded at the apex, awnless. 1? . S. Native of the islands of Timor and Java. Timor Mallow. Shrub 6 feet. 8 M. RUDERA'IIS (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 647.) leaves ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, acute, grossly serrated, rather pilose above and strigose beneath, as well as the branches ; flowers axillary and glomerate at the tops of the branches ; carpels pointed at the apex, but bicuspidate at the base. ^ • S. Native of Java. Rubbish Mallow. Shrub 6 feet. 9 M. SPICA'TA (Lin. spec. 967.) leaves roundish, somewhat cordate, upper surface scabrous with stellate down, under sur- face tomentose ; flowers disposed in terminal spikes ; capsules 14, glabrous, awnless. J? . S. Native of Jamaica. Cav. diss. 2. t. 20, f. 4. M. sublobata, Desr. in Lam. diet. ency. — Sloane, hist. 1. p. 219. Lower flowers axillary, solitary. Spiked- flowered Mallow. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1726. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 10 M. OVAVTA (Cav. diss. 2. p. 80. t. 20. f. 2.) shrubby ; leaves dentately serrated, cuneate-lanceolate, pubescent on both sur- faces : flowers disposed in oblong, terminal spikes ; carpels 10, awnless. ^ • S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. 0»a/e-spiked Mallow. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 11 M. SUBHASTA'TA (Cav. diss. 2. p. 72. t. 21. f. 3.) leaves ovate, acuminate, somewhat hastate, obsoletely 3-lobed, grossly toothed, and are as well as branches hairy ; peduncles solitary, axillary, length of footstalks. Ij . S. Native of Brazil and Peru. Subhastate-]eaved Mallow. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 12 M. TOMENTO'SA (Lin. spec. 967.) leaves cordate, crenated, obtuse, and are as well as branches tomentose ; flowers lateral, crowded. V> . S. Native of the East Indies. — Pluk. amalt. t. 356. f. 1.? Tomentose Mallow. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1820, Sh. 3 feet. 13 M. WALTHERIFQ'LIA (Link. enum. 2. p. 209.) leaves some- what cordate, acute, toothed, under surface tomentose ; flowers sessile ; lobes of calyx ovate ; leaflets of involucrum very nar- row. 11 . S. Native of Java. Leaves hoary on the under surface. Corolla larger than the calyx. Waltheria-leaved Mallow. Clt. 1824. PI. 1| foot. 14 M. TRACHELIIFO'LIA (Link. enum. 2. p. 209.) leaves cor- date, acuminated, serrated, scabrous, lower ones lobed ; pedun- cles axillary ; flowers capitate. (•)• H. Native of? Leaves on long footstalks. Calyx hairy. Corolla larger than the calyx. Throat-wort-leaved Mallow. Fl. July, Aug.- Clt. 1821. PL 1£ foot. 15 M. GAKGE'TICA (Lin. spec. 967.) leaves cordate, obtuse, glabrous; flowers sessile, glomerate; carpels 10, awnless, cre- nulated. (•)• H. Native of the East Indies. — Pluk, phyt. t. 74. f. 6. Allied to M, tricuspiddta. Gangetic Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 16 M. DOMINOE'NSIS (Spreng. in herb. Balb. D. C. prod. 1. p. 431.) plant dwarf; leaves ovate, toothed, adult ones smooth- ish, younger ones, footstalks, and branchlets pilose ; flowers axillary, solitary, on short pedicels ; carpels hispid, tricuspi- date. If. . S. Native of St. Domingo. St. Domingo Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 foot. 17 M. SUBTRI'LOBA (Lag. nov. gen. et spec. 21.) leaves cor- date, angularly-subhastate, crenated ; peduncles axillary, very short, 3 or many-flowered ; carpels 8 or 9, very smooth, awn- less. Tj . G. Native of New Spain. Allied to M . spicata and M, scoparia. Sub-three-lobed-\ea.ved Mallow. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. § 2. Cymbalarice (from (cu/j/3>7, kymbe, a boat ; in allusion to the round concave leaves.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 431. Flowers pur- ple or white. Pedicels axillary, \-flowered, solitary. Outer calyx 3-leaved. Leaves roundish. Stems herbaceous. 18 M. LEPROSA (Ort. dec. 8. p. 95.) leaves kidney-shaped, broadly crenated, and are as well as branches leprously white ; stems prostrate ; peduncles longer than the footstalks. I/. S. Native of Cuba. Flowers purple. Leprous Mallow. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1815. PI. prostrate. 19 M. SHERARDIA'NA (Lin. spec. 1675.) leaves orbicular, cordate, velvety-tomentose, crenated ; stems prostrate ; pedicels arched, longer than the footstalks. T£ . H. Native of Bithynia. Cav. diss. 2. t. 26. f. 4.— Till. pis. 108. t. 35. f. 2.— Buxb. cent. app. 46. f. 32. Flowers small, red. Sherard's Mallow. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. PL prostrate. 20 M. CYMBALARLEFOLIA (Desrous. in Lam. diet. enc. 3. p. 753.) leaves cordate, roundish, obsoletely 5-lobed, orenated, rather glabrous ; stem decumbent ? rather villous ; pedicels longer than the footstalks. — Native of? Flowers white or red. Boat-leaved Mallow. PL decumbent. 21 M. CRE'TICA (Cav. diss. 5. t. 138. f. 2.) leaves cordate, roundish, 5-angled, crenated, villous ; pedicels longer than the footstalks; stem erect. O- H. Native of Crete. Flowers purple and white. The whole plant is villous. Cretan Mallow. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1825. PL 1 foot. § 3. Bibracteolatee (from bis, twice, and bractea, a bractea ; in allusion to 2-leaved involucrum,) D. C.prod. 1. p. 431. Flowers purple or white. Outer calyx of two leaves. Pedicels axillary, \-jlorvered. Stems herbaceous. 22 M. HISPA'NICA (Lin. spec. 970.) leaves semi-orbicular, crenated, upper ones somewhat rhomboidal ; stems erect, hairy. O- H. Native of Spain and Mauritania. Desf. atl. 2. t. 170. Corolla large, flesh-coloured. The whole plant is hairy. Far. |3, spithamea (Cav. diss. 2. t. 18. f. 3.) leaves small, roundish, crenulated. Spanish Mallow. Fl. July. Clt. 1710. PL 1 foot. 23 M. STIPULA'CEA (Cav. diss. 2. t. 15. f. 2.) lower leaves 3- lobed, very entire, upper ones multifid ; segments trifid, and toothed at the apex ; stipulas lanceolate, longer than the foot- stalks. O- H. Native of Spain. — Asso, arrag. t. 5. f. 1. Flowers purple. Stems declinate. Large stipuled Mallow. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1815. PL l£ ft. 24 M. CUNEIFOLIA (Cav. diss. 2. t. 20. f. 1.) leaves obovately- cuneiform, repand, truncate at the apex, villous ; pedicels longer than the footstalks. 0 ? H. Native of? Flowers purple. Wedge-leaved Mallow. PL 1 foot. 25 M. PAPA'VER (Cav. diss. 2. t. 15. f. 3.) leaves 3 or 5- parted ; segments entire, linear, ciliated. O ? H. Native of Portugal. Flowers almost like those of Papaver Mice's. Poppy-fiov/ered. Mallow. PL 1 foot. 26 M. ^EGY'PTIA (Lin. spec. 971.) leaves 3-parted ; segments 462 MALVACEAE. II. MALVA. quinquifid, toothed at the apex ; stems erect ; corolla a little smaller than the calyx. O- H. Native of Egypt, Mauritania, and Spain. Cav. diss. 2. t. 17. f. 1. M. diphy'lla, Mcench. Flowers pale-blue or purple. Egyptian Mallow. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1739. PI. 1 foot. 27 M. TRI'FIDA (Cav. diss. 5. t. 137. f. 2.) leaves 3-parted ; segments trifid, linear, obtuse ; stems erect ; corolla longer than the ciliated calyx. 0. H. Native of Spain. Flowers purple. 7Vj/W-leaved Mallow. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1815. PI. | to 1 ft. §4. Bismdhee (meaning unknown). Medik. .D C. prod. 1. p. 432. Flowers purple or white. Pedicels axillary, solitary, l-Jloniered. Involucrum 3-leaved, Leaves many-parted. Stems herbaceous. 28 M. TOURNEFORTIA'NA (Lin. spec. 971.) leaves many- parted ; lobes trifid, linear ; stems decumbent ; hairs almost wanting or in starry fascicles. O-H. Native of Provence and Spain by the sea-side. Cav. diss. 2. t. 17. f. 3. M. maritima, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 140. Stems prostrate, and much branched at the base. Flowers purple. Var. ft, ciliata (Dufour, in litt.) stem erect, rather dwarf. O- H. Native of Spain. Tournefurt's Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. -£ ft. 29 M. ALCE'A (Lin. spec. 971.) lower leaves angular, upper ones 5-parted, cut ; stems and calyxes roughish-velvety from stellate down. If. . H. Native of many parts of Europe, par- ticularly France and Germany. Cav. diss. 2. t. 17. f. 2. Sims, hot. mag. t. 2197. — Blackw. t. 309. Flowers pale purple. Alcea or Vervain Mallow. . Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1797. PI. 4 feet. 4, 30 M. MORE'NI (Poll, veron. 1816.) lower leaves 5-lobed, upper ones palmately 5-cleft, with the lobes toothed ; stems and calyxes roughish-velvety, with stellate hairs. If. . H. Native of Italy. M. alceoides, Ten. cat. 1819. p. 55. Hook, bot. mag. 2793. Flowers red, disposed in terminal corymbs. Moreni's Mallow. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1820. PI. 2-3 feet. 31 M. ITA'LICA (Poll. pi. veron. 1816.) stems erect, hairy; lower leaves somewhat kidney-shaped, 5-lobed, upper ones 5- parted, all toothed and roughish. If. . H. Native of Italy. Flowers purple. Italian Mallow. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1829. PI. 3 feet. 32 M. MOSCHA'TA (Lin. spec. 971.) lower leaves kidney- shaped, cut, cauline ones with 5-deeply pinnatifid, jagged seg- ments ; stems and calyxes scabrous from simple hairs. I/ . H. Native of many parts of Europe. In Britain in grassy borders of fields, and by way sides on a gravelly soil. Smith, eng. bot. 754. Curt. lond. 4. t. 50. Fl.dan. 907. Cav. diss. 2. t. 18. f. 1. Flowers rose-coloured. Var. ft, lacinidta (Desrous. in diet. enc. 3. p. 750.) lower leaves as well as upper ones deeply divided into 5 pinnatifid, jagged segments.— Moris, ox. sect. 5. t. 18. f. 4. M. tenuifolia, Sav. cent. p. 122. M. moschata ft, undulata, Sims, bot. mag. 2298. Flowers white. The musky scent of these two plants undoubtedly proceeds from the herbage, not from the flowers. Musk-scented Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PL 1 to l£ ft. 33 M. PURPURA'TA (Lindl. bot. reg. 1362.) plant pubescent, ascending ; lower leaves 5-cleft, upper ones trifid ; segments usually trifid, lobes forked, obtuse ; peduncles solitary, axil- lary, longer than the petioles. If. . F. Native of Chili in the Cumbre, a pass in the Andes. Petals purplish. An elegant ascending plant with fine leaves. Purplish-Rovfered Mallow. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825. PI. prostrate. 34 M. ALTH^ofrES (Cav. diss. 2. t. 135.) leaves palmate ; lobes lanceolate, toothed ; hairs simple ; pedicels longer than the leaves; sepals acuminated. (•)• H. Native of Spain. Stems prostrate, hairy. Flowers large, whitish-rose-coloured. . Var. ft, hirsuta (Ten. prod. 40.) lower leaves roundish-cor- date, 7-lobed, the rest 5-parted. O- H. Native of Sicily. Stems prostrate. Flowers large, rose-coloured. Althaea-like Mallow. Fl, July, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. trailing. 35 M. FASTIGIA'TA (Cav. diss. 2. t. 23. f. 2.) leaves cordate, 5-lobed, acuminated, unequally toothed, with the middle lobe longer, and are as well as the erect stem tomentose from stellate tomentum ; pedicels axillary, approximating into a terminal co- rymb. Q. H. Native of the mountains of Auvergne. Flowers large, rose-coloured. D. C. fl. fr. no. 4510. Var. ft, lobata (Cav. diss. 2. t. 18. f. 4.) leaves somewhat cor- date, crenated ; flowers somewhat spiked. O-H. Native of Spain. Petals large, purplish. Leaves 5-lobed. Var. 7, Albulensls (Cav. diss. 2. t. 34. f. 3.) upper leaves cuneiform at the base. O- H. Native of Spain. Fastigiate-Qowered Mallow. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1S18. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 36 M. RIBIFOLIA (Viv. fl. cors. app. in Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 506.) stems erect, rough from simple and stellate hairs ; lower leaves cordate, 5-lobed, upper ones 5-cleft, and palmately lobed, beset with stellate pubescence beneath ; peduncles soli- tary, longer than the leaves; petals 3 times higher than the calyx. I/ . H. Native of Corsica. Gooseberry-leaved Mallow. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 37 M. CIRCINA'TA (Viv. fl. cors. app. in Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 506.) stem erect, with a few scattered hairs ; leaves cor- date, crenulated, lower ones kidney -shaped, upper ones circin- ate, 6-lobed ; petioles hispid above ; peduncles solitary, 1- flowered, not half so long as the petioles ; outer leaflets of the calyx oblong, inner ones ovate, acute, 4 times shorter 'than the corolla. O • H. Native of Corsica. Like M. Nicceensis. Circmate-leaved Mallow. PI. 1 foot. $ 5. Fasciculate?, D. C. prod. 1. p. 432. Flowers purple or white. Leaves angular, cordate, 5-nerved. Pedicels axillary, nu- merous, 1 -flowered. Outer calyx 3-leaved. Stems herbaceous. 38 M. TOMENTE'LLA (Presl.'ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 257.) plant covered with stellate tomentum ; stem prostrate ; leaves orbicular, cordate, obtuse, 5-angled, toothed ; peduncles shorter than the petioles. O ? H. Native of Sicily. Flowers red. Sub-tomentose Mallow. FL June, July. PL prostrate. 39 M. MAURITIA'NA (Lin. spec. 970.) stem erect ; leaves 5- lobed, obtuse ; pedicels and footstalks smoothish. Q. H. Na- tive of Italy, Spain, and Portugal. Cav. diss. 2. t. 25. f. 2. M. obtusa, Mcench. Flowers deep purple. Far. ft, Sinensis (Cav. diss. 2. t. 25. f. 4.) stem reclinate, very smooth. M. glabra, Desrous. in diet. enc. 3. p. 752. Flowers purple. Mauritanian Mallow. Fl. Ju..July. Clt. 1768. PL 4 to 6 ft. 40 M. SYLVE'STRIS (Lin. spec. £69.) stem erect ; leaves 5-7- lobed, acute ; pedicels as well as footstalks pilose. $ . H. Native of most parts of Europe about hedges, road sides, and in cultivated as well as in waste ground. Common in*Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 671. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 2. t. 51. Woodv. t. 54. FL dan. t. 1223. Cav. diss. 2. t. 26. f. 2. M. vulgaris, Ten. prod. fl. neap. Flowers purple, veiny. The whole plant, but especially the root, yields in decoction a plentiful, tasteless, colourless mucilage, very salutary in cases of internal irritation. Decoctions of the leaves are sometimes employed in dysenteries, heat, and sharpness of urine, and in general for obstructing acri- monious humours ; but their principal use is in emollient glys- ters, cataplasms, and fomentations. Var. ft. albiflbra (D. C. prod. 1. p. 432.) lobes of leaves blunter ; flowers white. M. venata, Hortul. MALVACEAE. II. MALVA. 463 Wild or Common Mallow. Fl. May, Aug. Britain. PL 1 to 4 feet. 41 M. RODI'GII (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 89.) stem dif- fuse, smooth and suffruticose at the base ; leaves semi-orbicular, 5-lobed, crenate, smooth ; peduncles tern, axillary ; sepals ciliated ; capsules tomentose. % 1 H. Native of Saxony. Flowers purplish. Rodige's Mallow. PI. 1 to 2 feet ? 42 M. HENNI'NGII (Goldb. in act. mosc. 5. p. 133.) stem dif- fuse ; leaves somewhat kidney-shaped, very bluntly 7-lobed ; pedicels and petioles smoothish ; petals not exceeding the calyx ; carpels wrinkled. If.. H. Native about Moscow, frequent. Petals white, tipped with red. Henninge's Mallow. Fl.June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot. 43 M. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 969.) stems prostrate ; leaves cordate, orbicular, very bluntly 5-7-lobed; fructiferous pedicels bent downwards, and are pubescent as well as footstalks ; corolla twice the size of the calyx. Q . H. Native of most parts of Europe in waste ground, and by way sides in towns or villages, frequent; common in Britain. Smith, engl. hot. t. 1092. Curt, lond. fasc. 3. t. 43. Fl. dan. t. 721. Cav. diss. 2. t. 26. f. 3. Flowers pale lilac-coloured ; but that said to be a native in .cul- tivated grounds from Pennsylvania to Carolina has white flowers. Far. ft.pusilla (Smith, engl. bot. t. 241.) petals hardly larger than the calyx. M. parviflora, Huds. angl. 307. but not of Lin. Flowers paler than in var. a. Native of England, near Hythe in Kent. M. borealis, Liljeb. Var. y, crenata (Kit. in litt.) petals hardly larger than the calyx; leaves undivided, crenate-serrated. 0. H. Native of Hungary in ground impregnated with salt. Flowers lilac. Per- haps a proper species. Round-leaved Mallow. Fl. June, Sept. Britain. PI. pros- trate. 44 M. NODOSA (Wahl. in isis. 1828. vol. 21. p. 971.) pilose; stem prostrate; leaves 5-7-lobed, acutish, toothed; peduncles solitary or twin ; carpels knotted, and are as well as the column hairy. Q. H. Native of Turkey about Constantinople. Flowers like those of M. rolundif olia, but the fruit is double the size, with very prominent knots in the middle. Knotted-carpelled. Mallow. Fl. June, July. PI. prostrate. 45 M. ARVE'NSIS (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 90.) stem prostrate ; leaves cordately-orbicular, angularly-lobed ; pedun- cles axillary, aggregate ; corolla twice the length of the ciliated calyx ; capsules wrinkled, pubescent. Q. H. Native of Sicily. Corn-Jield Mallow. PI. prostrate. 46 M. BRASILIE'NSIS (Desrous. in diet. enc. 3. p. 744.) stems diffuse ; leaves orbicular, cordate, 7-lobed, soft, villous ; lobes acutish ; flowers aggregate, stalked ; leaflets of involucel seta- ceous. Q. H. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Flowers purplish. Brazilian Mallow. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. f foot. 47 M. NIC^E'NSIS (All. ped. no. 1416.) stems prostrate ; leaves angular, 5-lobed, acute ; pedicels 3-4, erect, 4 times shorter than the footstalks; calyxes pilose, shorter than the corolla. ' " Q. H. Native by road sides about Nice and in Spain. Cay. diss. 2. t. 25. f. 1. Flowers white, purplish at the top. Var. ft, montana (Forsk. descr. 124.) leaves soft, villous. Q. H. Native of Egypt. Nice Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. PI. prostrate. 48 M. MICROCA'RPA (Desf. cat. hort. par.) stem erect ; leaves cordate, roundish, somewhat 5-lobed, crenated, glabrous ; pedi- cels generally in pairs, shorter than the footstalks ; corolla ex- ceeding the calyx a little. ©. H. Native of Egypt. Pers. ench. 2. p. 251. A small plant, with purplish flowers." Small-fruited Mallow. Fl.Ju. Sept. Clt. 1823. PI. 4 to 1ft. 49 M. HIRSU'TA (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 257.) stem erect, branched, very hairy ; leaves orbicularly-cordate, denticulated, tomentose on both surfaces, lower ones somewhat angular, upper ones 5-lobed, obtuse ; peduncles 4 together, hairy, erectly-spreading, 3-times shorter than the petioles ; cap- sules wrinkled, tomentose. O- H. Native of Sicily. Hairy Mallow. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 50 M. BIVONIA'NA (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. p. 257.) plant covered with stellate pubescence ; stem erect ; leaves cordately- orbicular, bluntly angled ; peduncles aggregate, very short, pu- bescent, bent ; capsules tomentose. O ? H. Native of Sicily. Bivoni's Mallow. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 51 M. PARVIFLORA (Lin. amcen. 3. p. 416.) stem spreading ; leaves roundish, bluntly angular, crenated, smoothish ; flowers axillary, almost sessile, glomerate ; corolla hardly longer than the calyx. O- H. Native of the south of France and Mauritania. Jacq. hort. vind. t."39. Cav. diss. 2. p. 08. t. 26. f. 1. — Pluk. phyt. 44. f. 2. Flowers small, reddish. Carpels wrinkled above, with toothed margins. Small-flowered Mallow. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1779. PI. decumbent, 2 feet long. 52 M. VERTICILLA'TA (Lin. spec. 970.) stem erect; leaves cordate, rather orbicular, bluntly angular ; flowers axillary, glomerate, sessile ; calyxes scabrous, rather inflated ; carpels smoothish. O-H. Native of China. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 40. Cav. diss. 2. t. 25. f. 3. M. glomerata, Hortul. Flowers small, white, but purplish at the tip, almost sessile. Whorled-Rowered. Mallow. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1683. PI. 1 to 2 feet". 53 M. CHINE'NSIS (Mill. diet. no. 5.) stem erect, herbaceous ; leaves somewhat orbicular, obsoletely 5-lobed i ilmvers crowded, sessile. 0. H. Native of China. Perhaps^Vf. verticillata. Flowers reddish or white, tipped with red. Chinese Mallow. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. ? PI. 1 to 2 feet. 54 M. MAREO'TICA (Delil. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 433.) stem erect ; leaves half round, 5-nerved, crenated, upper ones slightly lobed ; flowers somewhat aggregated into a terminal head, almost sessile ; calyxes inflated, 5-cleft ; lobes broadish, mucronate, entire; carpels reticulated, pubescent. ©. H. Native of Egypt. Flowers purplish ? Mareotic Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 55 M. TRIONOI'DES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 433.) stem erect; leaves half-round, 5-nerved, crenate-toothed, upper ones slightly lobed ; flowers almost sessile, approximating into a terminal head ; calyxes inflated, 5-cleft ; lobes lanceolate, acuminate, ciliary-serrated ; carpels very hairy. ©. H. Native? Leaflets of involucel setaceous. Trionum-like Mallow. PI. £ to 1 foot. 56 M. CRI'SPA (Lin. spec. 970.) stem erect ; leaves angular, toothed, curled, glabrous; flowers axillary, sessile. ©. H. Native of Syria. Cav. diss. 2. t. 23. f. 1. Flowers white, but pale-purple at the tip, almost sessile. Curled-leaved Mallow. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1573. PI. 2 to 6 feet. 57 M. FLEXUOSA (Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 655.) stems pros- trate, flexuous ; leaves cordate, orbicular, 7-lobed, crenated ; flowers axillary, sessile, few. ©. H. Native of? Flowers white, purple at the tip, almost sessile. Flexuous-stemmed. Mallow. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. prostrate. 58 M. GERANIOI'DES (Schlecht, et Cham, in Linnaea. 5. p. 226.) herbaceous ; stems diffuse, canescently-tomentose from fascicles of long hairs ; leaves triangular, trifid, beset with simple hairs above, middle-lobe 3-5-lobed, lateral ones 2-lobed ; calyx closed ; clusters of flowers stalked. ©. H. Native of Mexico. Geranium-like Mallow. Fl. June, July. PI. diffuse. 464 MALVACEAE. II. MALTA. 59 M. TENE'ILA (Cav. icon. 5. t. 422. f. 3.) stem trailing; leaves 3-lobecl, crenated ; flowers axillary, sessile, aggregate ; corolla hardly larger than the calyx. Q. H. Native of Chili on the Cordilleras. Flowers pale-blue. A small plant. Weak Mallow. Fl. June, Aug. PI. trailing. 60 M. BONARIE'NSIS (Cav. diss. 2. t. 22. f. 1.) stem erect, tomentose, branched ; leaves 3-lobed ; lobes unequally crenate- toothed; flowers glomerate, axillary, nearly sessile, small. O- H. Native of Buenos Ayres in the fields. Flowers white or red. Buenos Ayrean Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 ft. § 6. Capenses, D. C. prod. 1. p. 433. Flowers purplish or white. Leaves angularly lobed. Stems shrubby. Outer calyx or involucel 3-leaved. Pedicels solitary, \-flowered, rarely in twos or threes, or 2-3-floniered. — N. B. Many of the species of this section are probably varieties or hybrids originated by cul- ture. All natives of the Cape of Good Hope. 61 M. AMCS'NA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1998.) pedicels 1-flowered, aggregate, shorter than the leaves ; leaflets of outer calyx ovate, acuminated; leaves 5 -lobed, pilose, wrinkled. Tj . G. Flowers purple. This is an elegant plant. Pleasing Mallow. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1796. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 62 M. VIRGA'TA (Cav. diss. 2. p. 70. t. 18. f. 2.) pedicels 1- flowered, solitary or in pairs, longer than the footstalks ; leaflets of outer calyx linear ; leaves 3-lobed, crenated, glabrous, rigid. \. G. Murr. in comm. gcet. 1779. p. 20. t. 6. M. Capensis, Lin. spec. 968. Flowers purple, with darker stripes. Twiggy Mallow. Fl.May, July. Clt. 1727. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 63 M. CAPE^NSIS (Cav. diss. p. 71. t. 24. f. 3.) pedicels 1- flowered, solitary or in pairs, longer than the footstalks ; leaflets of outer calyx ovate-lanceolate; leaves 5-lobed and 3-lobed, crenate-toothed, clammy. Tj . G. Ker, bot. reg. 295. M. biflora, Desrous. in diet. enc. 3. p. 747. Flowers red and white. No. 3429 of Burch. cat. is perhaps different from this. Cape Mallow. Fl. year. Clt. 1713. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 64 M. BALSA'MICA (Jacq. icon. rar. I. t. 140.) pedicels 1- flowered, solitary, longer than the footstalks ; leaflets of outer calyx oblopg-linear ; leaves ovate, slightly 3-lobed, acute, un- equally toothed. Tj . G. Flowers pink. Balsamic Mallow. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub 4 ft. 65 M. OXYCANTHOI'DES (Horn. hafn. 2. p. 654.) pedicels solitary, longer than the petioles ; leaves glabrous, cuneiform, profoundly 3-lobed, deeply serrated, intermediate lobe largish. ^ . G. Flowers white or red. Hanilhorn-like Mallow. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. 4 ft. 66 M. RUGOSA (Desrous. in diet. enc. 3. p. 747.) pedicels 1- flowered, solitary, longer than the petioles ; leaflets of outer calyx ovate, acute ; leaves somewhat cordate, pinnatifidly-sinuat- ed, wrinkled. fj . G. Flowers purple. Wrinkled Mallow. Fl. May, Sep. Shrub 4 feet. 67 M. TRIDACTYLI'TES (Cav. diss. 2. p. 73. t. 21. f. 2.) pedi- cels solitary, 1-flowered, length of leaves ; leaves almost sessile, cuneiform, trifid, entire. Tj . G. M. reftexa, Andr. rep. t. 135. Leaflets of outer calyx linear. Flowers pink. Three-fngered-lewed Mallow. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1791. Shrub 3 feet. 68 M. DIVARICA'TA (Andr. bot. rep. t. 182.) pedicels solitary, longer than the petioles; leaves lobed, plaited, toothed, sca- brous ; branches and branchlets divaricating, flexuous. J; . G. Flowers white, lined with red at the base. Involucel linear. Divaricate-branched Mallow. Fl. June, Sep. Clt 1792 Shrub 3 feet. 69 M. RETI/SA (Cav. diss. 2. t. 21. f. 1.) pedicels solitary, longer than the petioles ; leaflets of outer calyx lanceolate ; leaves oblong, very blunt, 3-lobed, toothed, villous. J? . G. M. triloba, Thunb. prod. 118. Flowers yellow or pink. 7Jeoc, lophos, a crest ; alluding to the receptacle or axis of fruit being expanded into a crest at tlie apex.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 439. . Receptacle or axis of fruit truncate at the apex, and expanded into a crest. 19 L. MARI'TIMA (Gouan. ill. p. 46. 1. 11. f. 2.) stem shrubby, downy ; leaves downy, roundish, bluntly angular, 5-lobed, cre- nated ; pedicels axillary, solitary. Tj . F. Native of the south of France and Spain, on rocks by the sea-side. Cav. diss. 2. t. 32. f. 3. L. Hispanica, Mill. diet. no. 9. L. rotundif61ia, Lam. Flowers white, with purple claws. Sea-side Lavatera. Fl. Apr. June. Clt. 1596. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 20 L. TRI'IOBA (Lin. spec. 972.) stem shrubby, downy ; leaves downy, rather cordate, and somewhat 3-lobed, round, crenated ; pedicels aggregate ; sepals acuminated. fy . F. Native of Spain. Cav. diss. 2. t. 31. f. 1. Sims, bot. mag. 2226. L. calycina, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 310. Flowers large, pale purple. Three-Jobed-leaved Lavatera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. Shrub 4 feet. 21 L. SUBOVA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 439.) stem suffruticose ; leaves rather downy, ovate, notched, somewhat 3-lobed, with the middle lobe longest ; pedicels 1 or 2, axillary, length of pe- tioles ; lobes of calyx acuminated. Tj . F. Native of fields about Mogador. Flowers pale purple. Subovate-leaved Lavatera. Fl. July. Sh. 2 to 4 feet. SECT. IV. ANTHE'MA (from avOcpov, a flower; on account of the axillary bundles of flowers). Med. malv. p. 42. D. C. prod. 1. p. 439. Receptacle or axis of fruit small, foveolate, not protruding, nor expanded into a crest. 22 L. ARBOREA (Lin. spec. 972.) stem arboreous ; leaves 7- angled, plaited, downy ; pedicels aggregate, axillary, 1 -flowered, aggregate, much shorter than the petiole. $ . H. Native of Italy, Spain, Portugal, north of Africa and Canary Islands, on rocks by the sea-side. In Britain at Hurst Castle, over against the Isle of Wight ; on Portland Island ; on Caldy Island, in Carmarthen Bay ; and on the Basse Rock, Inch-Garvy, and Mykrie-inch in the Frith of Forth, Scotland. In Cornwall and Devonshire. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1841. Cav. diss. 2. t. 139. f. 2. Flowers pale purple. Tree Mallow. Fl. July, Oct. Britain. PI. 6 to 10 feet. 23 L. NEAPOLITA'NA (Ten. cat. 1819. n. 125.) stem herba- ceous, scabrous, erect ; leaves roundish, with 7 nerves, and 7 very blunt crenated lobes ; pedicels axillary, aggregate ; involucel shorter than the calyx; lobes of calyx acuminated. I/. H. Native of Naples by the sea-side. Flowers blue, with obcor- date petals. Neapolitan Lavatera. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1818. PI. 4 to 6 ft. 24 L. CRE'TICA (Lin. spec. 973.) stem herbaceous, scabrous ; leaves with 5-7 acute lobes ; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered, aggre- gate, much shorter than the petioles. 0. H. Native of Crete. Cav. diss. 2. t. 32. f. 1. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 41. Flowers pale red, with emarginate petals. Cretan Lavatera. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1723. PI. 5 feet. 25 L. SYLVE'STRIS (Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 277.) stem herbaceous, scabrous from starry hairs ; leaves roundish, with 5-7 blunt angles, upper ones somewhat 5-lobed, acute ; pedicels aggregate, 1 -flowered, shorter than the petioles ; involucel 3-parted. 0. H. Native of Portugal by road-sides about Coimbra and elsewhere. Flowers pale-purple, with deeper coloured veins. Wild Lavatera. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1817. PI. 2 to 4 feet. 26 L. AMBI'GUA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 440.) stem herbaceous, hispid ; lower leaves with 5 angular lobes, upper ones with 3 lanceolate, acute, toothed lobes ; middle lobe longish ; pedicels solitary, shorter than the leaves ; carpels naked. ©? H. Na- tive of fields about Naples. L. sylvestris, Ten. prod. p. 40. but not of Brot. Flowers purple. Ambiguous Lavatera. Fl. Jul. Sep. Clt. 1 824. PI. 2 to 3 ft. •\ Species not sufficiently known. 27 L. ? TRIPARTI'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 440.) stem suffruti- cose ; branches and leaves hoary from starry down ; leaves 3- parted, with cuneated lobes, which are grossly notched at the apex ; pedicels solitary, 1 -flowered; involucel adhering to the tube of the calyx. Tj . F. Native of? Flowers purplish ? Differing from all the other Malvaceous plants in the adhesion of the involucel to the calyx. Three-parted-\ea.ved Lavatera. Shrub 4 feet. 28 L. AUSTRA^LIS (Weinm. ex steud. nom.). ©. H. Native of Europe. Southern Lavatera. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 feet. Cult.- The greenhouse and frame species will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, or any light soil, and cuttings from ripe wood planted in the same kind of soil under a hand-glass will root readily, or they may be raised from seeds, which gene- rally ripen in abundance ; they may be planted out against a south wall during summer, where many of them will survive the winter, if not severe, by being sheltered by a mat in frosty weather. The perennial herbaceous species will grow in any kind of soil, and may either be increased by dividing the plants at the root or by seeds. The annual and biennial kinds only require to be sown in the open border in the spring. All the species are hardy, and well adapted for shrubberies. The species worth cultivating for ornament are L. O'lbia, unguiculala, Jlava, Neapolitana, Lusitdnica, trimestris, Thuringlaca and Cretica. VIII. MALACHRA (a name under which Pliny speaks of a Persian tree which produces a gum. The modern plant has 470 MALVACEAE. VIII. MALACHRA. IX. URENA. nothing to do with the tree of Pliny ; but the name is preserved to designate plants analogous to mallow from the similitude of the word malachra with that of malache, which signifies a mallom). Lin. gen. ed. Schreb. no. 1131. Lam. ill. t. 580. D. C. prod. 1. p. 440. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. General involucre 3 or 5-leaved, compassing the head of flowers. The proper invo- lucel with 8 or 12 linear or bristle-shaped leaflets. Carpels 5, capsular, 1 -seeded, disposed into a round head. Stigmas 10. 1 M. u RENS (Poit. in Schrad. journ. 2. p. 293.) leaves ovate, 5-nerved ; heads of flowers almost sessile ; leaflets of involucre notched at the base. (•)• S. Native of St. Domingo. Stinging Malachra. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 2 M. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Schrank. hort. monac. t. 56.) leaves orbicular, crenated ; heads of flowers stalked, 3-leaved and 5- flowered ; leaflets of involucrum kidney-shaped. (•)• S. Na- tive of Brazil. Flowers yellow ? Round-leaved Malachra. FL Aug. Sept. Clt. 1 821. PL 1 ft. 3 M. PLUMOSA (Desrous. in diet, encycl. 2. p. 686.) leaves elliptical, toothed ; heads of flowers stalked, with many leaves and many flowers; interior leaflets of involucrum feather- fringed* O? S. Native of Brazil. Sida plumosa, Cav. diss. 1. t. 12. f. 4. Flowers yellowish. .FeatfAererf-involucred Malachra. PI. 1 foot. 4 M. CILIA'TA (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 578.) leaves broad-ovate, unequally crenated, smooth ; heads of flowers almost sessile ; involucel and bracteas ciliated ; stem pubescent. O ? S. Native of Porto-Rico. Flowers white. Ciliated-bracted Malachra. PI. 1-3 feet. 5 M. CORDA'TA (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 578.) leaves cordate, twice serrated, smoothish ; heads of flowers rather loose, hardly involucrated ; bracteas elongated, filiform, very hairy. O • S. Native of Porto-Rico. Flowers pale-yellow. Cordate-leaved Malachra. PI. 1 to 3 feet. 6 M. CAPITAVTA (Lin. syst. 518.) leaves roundish-cordate, bluntly angular and toothletted ; heads stalked, 3-leaved, 7-flowered ; stem scabrous. Q. S. Native of the Caribbee islands in marshes, and tropical Africa. Sida capitata, Lin. act. ups. 1743. p. 137. t. 2. Flowers yellow. //eadfd-flowered Malachra. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1753. PI. 2 feet. 7 M. FASCIA'TA (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 548.) pilose; leaves roundish, obsoletely lobed ; heads of flowers on short stalks, 3-leaved, and usually 5-flowered ; stem very villous. O- S. Native of Caraccas. Flowers rose-coloured. Fasciated Malachra. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1819. PI. 3-6 feet. 8 M. BERTE'RII (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 94.) shrubby; stem rough, tomentose ; leaves oblong, doubly toothed, beset with starry down above, but tomentose beneath and reticulated with veins ; racemes axillary ; leaflets of involucel coloured, nerved. Tj . S. Native of South America on the banks of the river Magdalena. Bertero's Malachra. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 9 M. TRI'LOBA (Desf. hort. par. D. C. prod. 1. p. 440.) leaves roundish, bluntly 3-lobed, crenulated ; heads of flowers on long stalks, many-flowered, 3-leaved; stem scabrous. O- S. Native of ? Flowers small, white. Poir. suppl. 3. p. 578. Three-lobcd-]eaved Malachra. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817 PI. 3 feet. 10 M. RADIA'TA (Lin. syst. p. 518.) leaves palmately-lobed ; heads of flowers stalked, 5-6-leaved, many-flowered ; leaves of involucre acuminated ; calyx and stems very hairy ; flowers bractless. $ . S. Native of St. Domingo and Cayenne. Cav. diss. 2. t. 33. f. 3. Sida radiata, Lin. spec. 965. Flowers purple. Rayed Malachra. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1794. PI. 6 feet. 11 M. BRACTEA'TA (Cav. diss. 2. p. 34. f. 2.) leaves palmate- lobed ; heads of flowers on long stalks, 5-leaved, many -flowered ; leaflets of involucre ovate, acute ; flowers bracteate ; stem very hairy. Q. S. Native of South America. Flowers white with a red centre. Perhaps a species of Pavbnia. Bracteated Malachra. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1823. PL 3 foot. 12 M. ALCEXFOLIA (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 549.) leaves cordate, 5-lobed ; heads of flowers stalked, 5-leaved, usually 10-flowered ; stem beset with scattered bristles. Q. S. Native of Caraccas. Flowers yellow. Leaves of involucre 3-lobed, hastate. Alccea-leaved Malachra. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1805. PL 5 ft. 13 M. GAUDICHAUDIA'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 218.) leaves entire at the base, not cordate, palmately 5-lobed, middle lobe longest ; heads of flowers terminal, on short peduncles, 6-leaved, 1 2- 15 -flowered ; stem hispid; segments of the calyx oblong- triangular. O- S. Native of Brazil about Rio Janeiro. Flowers reddish. Gaudichaud's Malachra. Fl. Dec. PL 1 foot. 14 M. HEPTAPHY'LLA (Fisch. in Horn, suppl. 78.) leaves cordate, palmately S -lobed, curled, with the middle lobe elon- gated ; heads of flowers somewhat stalked, usually 5-leaved, many-flowered. Q. S. Native of Brazil. M. fasciata, Ker. bot. reg. t. 467. Flowers yellow. Very like M. Alceeefolia. Seven-leaved Malachra. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1818. PL 2 ft. 15 M. PALMA'TA (Mcench. meth. 615.) leaves palmate, 3-5- lobed, middle lobe longest, broadest at the apex ; stem erect, scabrous, with two villous decurrent lines running the whole length. O- S. Native of? Flowers yellow. Perhaps M. alcecefolia or a variety of M. heptaphylla ? Palmate-leaved Malachra. Fl. Aug. Sept. PL 3 foot. 16 M. URE'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 441.) leaves angular, un- equally crenated, hairy on both surfaces ; stem suftruticose ; carpels muricated. fj . G. Native of China about Canton. Urena polyflora, Lour. coch. p. 417. Flowers copper-coloured. Involucre containing many-flowers, as in the rest of the species. t/rena-like Malachra. Shrub 3 feet. Cult. Malachra is a genus of plants destitute of beauty, therefore not worth cultivating, except in botanic gardens. They only require to be sown in the spring in pots filled with loam and sand, and placed in a hot-bed, where they may remain until they have ripened their seed, or they may be removed to a stove when of sufficient size. They should be planted separately. IX. URE'NA (a name latinized from Uren, the Malabar name of one of the species.) Lin. gen. no. 844. Lam. ill. t. 583. GJE«. fruct. 2. p. 252. t. 135. f. 2. D. C. prod. 1. p. 441. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx 5-cleft, girded by a 5-cleft' involucel, which is joined to the middle. Anthers on the top of the tube. Stigmas 10. Carpels 5, cap- sular, 1 -seeded, connivent, generally echinated from prickles, which are rayed at the apex. Leaves usually furnished with glands on the nerves on the under surface. Flowers red, usually in the axillae of the leaves. § 2. Leaves undivided or slightly 3-5-lobed. 1 U. SPECIOSA (Wall. pi. asiat. rar. p. 23. t. 26.) leaves 3- nerved, denticulated, hoary-tomentose beneath, with a gland on each nerve beneath, lower leaves roundish, acutely somewhat 3- lobed, on long petioles, middle leaves oblong-cordate, acumi- nated, uppermost ones lanceolate, nearly sessile ; corolla large, funnel-shaped, much longer than the calyx and 5-cleft involucel; carpels smooth, reticulated; style 10-parted. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies near Ava, on the lower part of mount Taong Dong. This is a very elegant plant, with large pink flowers, which are disposed in a kind of terminal racemose panicle. It MALVACEAE. IX. UKENA. 471 differs so much in habit from all the other species of this genus that we doubt its being a genuine species of Urena. Shemy Urena. Fl. Sep. Dec. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 2 U. LOBA^TA (Lin. spec. 974.) leaves roundish, obtusely sub- 3-lobed, soft and velvety on both surfaces, 7-nerved, 3-glanded ; calyxes oblong-lanceolate. Q. G. Native of China. — Dill, elth. t. 319. f. 412. ioierf-leaved Urena. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1731. PI. 1 to 3 ft. 3 U. SCABRIU'SCULA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 441.) leaves roundish, acutely 3 or 5-lobed, scabrous above, but tomentose beneath, 7- nerved, 1 to 3-glanded ; calyxes linear. Q . S. Native of the East Indies, Nipaul, and Brazil. U.lobata, Cav. diss. 6. t. 185. f. 1 Breyn. cent. t. 35. ? Roughish-leaveA Urena. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1817. PL 1 to 4ft. 4 U. REPA'NDA (Smith in Rees' cycl. 37. no. 6 ?) leaves roundish, serrated, repandly-toothed, or somewhat lobed, pu- berulous, pale, and netted beneath, with 1 -gland ; upper leaves undivided ; involucels awl-shaped, longer than the calyx ; car- pels smooth. O ? S. Native of the East Indies. Pavonia repanda, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 98. Repand-\ea\ed Urena. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 feet. 5 U. LAPPA'GO (Smith in Rees' cycl. 37. no. 11.?) leaves bluntly and repandly sinuated, somewhat cordate, hoary-pubes- cent beneath, with 1 gland ; involucel of 5-lanceolate lobes, which are equal in length with the calyx. Jj . S. Native of Amboyna. — Rumph. amb. 6. t. 25. Burdock Urena. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub 3 feet. 6 U. TOMENTOSA (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 148.) leaves broad-ovate, angular, serrated, tomentose and canescent beneath, with 1 gland, upper ones undivided, ovate or lanceolate ; lobes of the involucel lanceolate, about equal in length to the calyx. Tj . S. Native of Java. Tomentose Urena. Shrub 2 feet. 7 U. MULTI'FIDA (Cav. diss. 6. p. 336. t. 184. f. 2.) villous ; leaves cordate-ovate, deeply-5-lobed, with narrow recesses, and acute grossly notched lobes, pubescent above, pale and villous beneath, with 1 gland, and 7 or 8 nerves, Tj . S. Native of Bourbon and the Mauritius. Flowers yellow, racemose. Multtfid-\eaved Urena. Fl. Jan. Oct. Clt. 1817. Sh. 2 ft. 8 U. SIEBE'RI (Coll. hort. rip. p. 142. t. 39.) leaves orbicu- lar, sinuately 7-lobed, and deeply-toothed, hairy beneath, and 1 - glanded ; involucel 10-cleft. lj . S. Native of the isle of France. U. Mauritiana, Sieb. Peduncles axillary, solitary, very short. Flowers violaceous. Sieber's Urena. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Shrub 2 feet. 9 U. PROCU'MBENS {Lin. spec. 975.) leaves hastate, cordate, serrated ; stem shrubby, procumbent. Jj . G. Native of China on mountains. Procumbent Urena. Shrub trailing. 10 U. TRict/spis (Cav. diss. 6. p. 334. t. 183. f. 1.) leaves ovate, angular, 1-glanded, tomentosely villous, 3-lobed, with acuminated lobes ; lobes of involucel striated ; stem hairy. T£ . S. Native of the isles of France and Bourbon. Flowers yellow. Three-pointed-leaved Urena. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 feet. 11 U. RETICULA'TA (Cav. diss. 6. p. 335. t. 183. f. 2.) lower leaves 3-lobed, upper ones lanceolate, somewhat fiddle-shaped, hoary and reticulated beneath, with 1 gland ; involucel exceed- ing the calyx, fj . S. Native of Cayenne and St. Domingo. U. Americana, Lin. fil. suppl. 308. but not of Smith. ^e^erf-leaved^ Urena. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1819. Shrub 2 feet. 12 U. SUBTRI'LOBA (Schrank. hort. mon. t. 79.) leaves with 1 gland beneath, soft, somewhat orbicular, 7-nerved, unequally crenated, lower ones acuminated, middle ones 3-lobed, upper ones deeply cleft ; lobes of all acuminated. O- S. Native of Brazil. Flowers red. Subtrilobed-lewed Urena. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1823. PL 2 ft. 13 U. GRANDIFLORA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 442.) leaves ovate, somewhat cordate, irregularly 3-lobed, grossly and unequally notched ; petals glandular at the base. Tj . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers red, half an inch in dia- meter. Great-Jlorvered Urena. Shrub 3 feet. 14 U. VIMI'NEA (Cav. diss. 6. p. 335. t. 184. f. 1.) leaves somewhat rhomboid, toothed, netted and hoary beneath, with 1 gland, 5-7-nerved; pedicels 2-4 together, axillary; involucel exceeding the calyx. Tj . S. Native of Brazil and Porto- Rico. Twiggy Urena. Shrub 3 feet. 15 U. MICROCA'RPA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 442.) leaves ovate, rhomboidal, somewhat 3-lobed, smoothish above, hoary beneath, glandless, 3-nerved ; fruit beset with hooked prickles. T? . S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. Small-fruited Urena. Fl. July. Shrub 2 feet. 16 U. ? MONOPE'TALA (Lour. coch. 2. p. 508.) leaves ovate- lanceolate, serrated, downy ; involucel shorter than the calyx ; corolla monopetalous. Tj . G. Native of Cochin-China. Monopetalous Urena. Shrub 2 feet. 17 U. RIBE'SIA (Smith in Rees' cycl. 37. no. 5.) leaves acutely 3-lobed, rounded and cordate at the base, villous beneath, with 1 gland ; lobes of involucel spatulate, blunt. Tj ? S. Native of Surinam and the island of Barbadoes. — Sloane, jam. 1. t. 11. f. 2. Current-like Urena. Shrub 2 feet. § 2. Leaves profoundly 3 or 5-lobed, with wide recesses and scolloped lobed lobes. 18 U. SWA'RTZII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 442.) leaves 3-lobed, pu- berulous, pale beneath, with 1 gland ; fruit beset with prickly bristles. Tj . S. Native of the Caribbee islands and Surinam. U. sinuata, Swartz, obs. 264. U. Americana, Smith in Rees' cycl. 37. no. 4. but not of Lin. Flowers red or white. Very like the following species. Swartz' s Urena. Fl. July. Clt. 1816. Shrub 2 feet. 19 U. SINUA'TA (Lin. spec. 974.) leaves 5-lobed, puberulous, pale beneath, with 3 glands ; lobes 3-lobed, toothletted, ob- tuse. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Cav. diss. 6. t. 185. f. 2. — Rheed. mal. 10. t. 52. U. aculeata, Mill. diet. no. 2. Scolloped-leaved Urena. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. Shrub 2 feet. 20 U. PARADOXA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 278.) leaves profoundly trifid, with 3 glands at the base, puberulous above, hoary-tomentose beneath, with sharply-serrulated seg- ments, middle segment rhomboidal, profoundly scolloped, 3- lobed, lateral ones smaller, 2 or 3-lobed, with the others usually obliterated. Tj . S. Native on the banks of the river Orinoco near Ature. Flowers axillary, solitary, rose-coloured. Cap- sules echinated. Resembling U. sinuata. Paradoxical Urena. Shrub 4 feet. 21 U. MORIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 442.) leaves 5-lobed, somewhat puberulous above, pale-velvety beneath, with 1 gland ; recesses serrated, very wide ; fruit downy and bristly. Tj . S. Native of the Friendly islands. Young leaves densely tomentose. Mulberry-leaved Urena. Shrub 3 feet. 22 U. MURICA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 442.) leaves 5-lobed, hairy, pale beneath, with 1 gland, with narrow toothletted re- cesses ; fruit muricated from small tubercles. Tj 1 S. Native of Bengal. Muricated-fruited Urena. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub 2 feet. 23 U. HETEROPHY'LLA (Smith in Rees' cycl. 87. no. 8.) leaves profoundly 5-lobed, hoary underneath, 1-glanded, with 472 MALVACEAE. IX. URENA. X. PAVONIA. broad recesses, middle lobe 3-lobed ; lobes obtuse, serrated ; upper leaves elongated, and contracted at the base ; involucel hardly equal in length to the calyx ; stem rather pilose. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. — Burm. zeyl. 150. t. 59. f. 2. — Pluk. aim. t. 74. f. 1. Various- leaved Urena. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub 2 ft. Cult. None of the species of Urena are worth cultivating unless in botanic gardens, except U. speciosa. They are plants of easy culture, will thrive best in a mixture of loam and peat, and cuttings will root readily if planted in the same kind of soil, under a hand-glass, but this in most cases will be unnecessary, as most of the species ripen seed in plenty. X. PAVO'NIA (in honour of Don Joseph Pavon, M.D. of Madrid, a traveller in Peru, and one of the authors of Flora Peruviana, 5 vols. fol.) Cav. diss. 3. p. 132. Lam. ill. 585. D. C. prod. 1. p. 442. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx 5-cleft, girded by a 5 to 1 5-leaved involucel. Stigmas 10. Carpels 5, capsular, 2- valved, 1- seeded. SECT. I. TYPHA'LEA (from ru^we, typhos, having an hundred heads ; heads of flowers.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 442. Carpels echi- nated with stiff spines, each carpel usually furnished with S awns, these are covered with retrograde bristles or hairs. 1 P. SPI'NIFEX (Willd. spec. 3. p. 854.) leaves ovate, acumi- nated, somewhat cordate, unequally toothed ; pedicels axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered. Jj . S. Native of South America. Hibis- cus spinifex, Lin. spec. 978. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 103. Flowers large, yellow. Involucel 6-7-leaved, equal in length with the calyx. Var. a, ovalifolia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 443.) leaves ovate; corolla twice or thrice the length of the calyx. P. spinifex, Cav. diss. 3. p. 133. t. 45. f. 2. Var. ft, aristata (Cav. diss. 3. p. 133. t. 45. f. 3.)leaves some- what cordate ; corolla hardly longer than the calyx. far. y, oblongifdlia (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon, ined.) leaves oblong ; corolla length of calyx. Var. S, grandiflora (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon, ined.) leaves cordate ; corolla twice or thrice the length of the calyx. Pnc%-fruited Pavonia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1778. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 2 P. INTERMEDIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 223.) leaves ovate- lanceolate, denticulately-serrated, hairy ; flowers sub-glomerate, terminal; involucel 8-10-leaved; leaflets connate at the base, rather longer than the calyx. Jj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. F'lowers whitish. Intermediate Pavonia. Fl. Jan. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 3 U. STELIA^TA (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 97.) leaves oblong-lan- ceolate, elongated, unequally denticulated, rough from stellate down, canescent beneath ; peduncles terminal, capitate ; fruit 1-awned, awn covered with retrograde hairs. Jj . S, Native of Brazil. Urena stellata, Spreng. neu entd. 2. p. 163. .SVarr^-haired Pavonia. Shrub 2 feet. 4 P. TYPHA'LEA (Cav. diss. 2. p. 134 and 150. t. 197,) leaves oblong-lanceolate, toothed; peduncles axillary and somewhat terminal, many-flowered ; flowers disposed in capitate bundles, fj . S. Native of Jamaica and Guiana, in shady moist places, ks well as of Brazil. Urena Typhalea, Lin. mant. 258. Swartz, obs. 294. Flowers small, white or pale-red. Involucel 8-leaved. Typhalea Pavonia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 5 P. TYPHAUEOI'DES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 279.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute, obtuse and crenated at the base ; flowers terminal, crowded into small heads ; involucel 5- leaved ; carpels with 3 long awns. Tj . S. Native of New Granada between St. Anna and Mariquita, also of Trinidad. Very like P. Typhalea, but the leaves are much smaller. Flowers reddish. Typhalea-like Pavonia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 6 P. uNRENs(Cav. diss. S. t. 49. f. 1 and 5. p. 283.) leaves 7- angled, acuminated, toothed, hairy ; flowers axillary, almost sessile, glomerated. J? . S. Native of the islands of the Mau-> ritius and Bourbon, in cold grassy places. Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 552. Flowers flesh-coloured. The whole plant is villous, and smells like cucumber. Involucel 7-9-leaved, equal with the calyx. Stinging Pavonia. Fl. Jan. Dec. Clt. 1801. Shrub 10 ft. 7 P. COMMU'NIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 224.) leaves cordate, acuminated, unequally toothed, tomentose beneath, full of pel- lucid dots, on short petioles ; flowers solitary, racemosely dis- posed at the tops of the branches ; involucel 6-leaved, longer than the calyx. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of Minas Geraes and St. Paul. Flowers golden-yellow. Common Pavonia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 8 P. SE'PIUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 225.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, unequally toothed, pilose beneath, full of pellucid dots ; flowers solitary, axillary ; involucel 5 -leaved, about equal in length with the calyx. ^ . S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Flowers golden-yellow. Hedge Pavonia. Fl. May. Shrub 2 to 6 feet. 9 P.? LEPTOCA'RPA (Cav. diss. 6. p. 351.) leaves lanceolate, serrated ; flowers sessile, glomerated ; involucel 5-leaved ; styles 5. fj . S. Native of Surinam. Urena leptocarpa, Lin. fil. suppl. 508. Perhaps a species of Hibiscus, from having 5 styles. Flowers the size of those of Ranunculus acris, yellow. Slender-fruited Pavonia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. 10 ft. SECT. II. MA'LACHE (from yua\a)(»j, malache, the Greek name of Mallow ; in allusion to the resemblance of plants.) Trew. ehr. .50. D. C. prod. 1.' p. 443. Carpels unarmed, but some- times tuberculated. Involucel generally shorter than the calyx of 5 to 15 leaves. 10 P. HASTA'TA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 138. t. 47. f. 2.) leaves lan- ceolate, halbert-shaped, toothed ; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered; involucel 5-leaved. tj . S. Native of Brazil on the banks of the river Uruguay. Flowers red, with deeper veins. //atterf-shaped-leaved Pavonia. Fl. Jan. Shrub 1 to 4 feet. 11 P. MURICA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 225. t. 44.) leaves ovate, sub-cordate or lanceolate, pubescent above, but tomentose beneath ; flowers terminal, aggregate ; involucel 5-leaved, about equal in length to the calyx ; carpels muricated on the back and top. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of Minas Geraes and St. Paul, in woods. Flowers red, rarely flesh-coloured. There are two varieties of this plant ; one with large red flowers, and the other with smaller flesh-coloured flowers. Mun'cated-carpelled Pavonia. Shrub 2 to 6 feet. 12 P. LAXIFLORA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 226.) leaves cor- date, acuminated, unequally toothed, villous on both surfaces, full of pellucid dots ; flowers solitary, axillary, or terminal, sub-corymbose ; involucel 6-leaved, a little longer than the calyx ; carpels unarmed, tuberculately puberulous. T; . S. Na- tive of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, in woods. Flowers yellow. Lax-flowered Pavonia. Fl. March. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 13 P. COCCI'NEA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 140. t. 47. f. 1.) leaves cor- date, 3-lobed, serrated; pedicels 1- flowered, axillary, ascend- ing ; involucel 5-leaved ; leaflets narrow. \ . S. Native of St. Domingo. — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 169. f. 2. Flowers scarlet, 2 inches in diameter. flowers axillary, solitary ; involucel 12-leaved, about equal in length to the calyx ; carpels smooth. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Goyaz. Flowers flesh-coloured. Great-lowered Pavonia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 22 P. VELUTINA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 233.) leaves cordate, acuminated, crenulated, or 3-lobed, denticulately-serrated, vel- vety-tomentose on both surfaces ; flowers solitary, axillary, or terminal, panicled ; involucel many-leaved, much shorter than- the calyx ; carpels unarmed, ovate, clammy. fj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Lopimia malacophylla, Mart, in act. bot. vol. xi. p. 97 ? Flowers red. Velvety Pavonia. Fl. May, Oct. Shrub 3 to 7 feet. 23 P. SPECIO'SA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 281. t. 477.) leaves ovate-elliptical, acute, cordate, toothletted, VOL. I. PART V. densely hairy, canescent beneath ; flowers axillary, and somewhat terminal, on short peduncles ; involucel of 7 or 9 lanceolate spatulate leaflets. If. . S. Native of South America near An- gustura. Petals violet, with purple claws 1£ inch long. Sheny Pavonia. PI. 2 feet. 24 P. PAPILIONA'CEA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 140. t. 49. f. 2.) leaves roundish-cordate, acute, toothed ; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered, about the length of the petioles ; style ascending ; involucel of 10 leaflets. Tj.S. Native of the island of Taheity. Flowers yellow. Stem tomentose. Butterfly Pavonia. Shrub 3 feet. 25 P. PELLI'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 282.) leaves ovate, acute, obsoletely cordate, crenulated, soft, hairy, brownish-canescent beneath ; flowers axillary and terminal, on short peduncles ; leaflets of involucel 1 1 , linear-filiform, one- half shorter than the calyx. Tj . S. Native of South America near Maypure on the river Orinoco. Petals red, violet at the base. Resembling P. speciosa. Clad Pavonia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 26 P. NUDICAU'LIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 231.) leaves dis- tant, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, toothed, tomentose beneath; flowers terminal, crowded; involucel 1 0-leaved, dilated at the top, about equal in length with the calyx. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers flesh-coloured. Naked-stemmed Pavonia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 27 P. POLYMORPHA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 232.) leaves round- ish or ovate, somewhat cordate at the base, denticulately-ser- rated ; flowers solitary, or crowded terminal; involucel 8-10- leaved, dilated at the top, shorter than the calyx ; carpels smooth. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, in dry fields. Flowers flesh-coloured. Far. ft, cucurbitacea (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves ovate, cordate, 3 inches long, hardly toothed, full of pellucid dots ; peduncles axillary, short, 1 -flowered. Polymorphous Pavonia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 28 P. ^sEssiLiFLbaA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 281.) leaves ovate, acute, somewhat cordate, serrated, hairy above, clothed with long, soft, canescent hairs beneath ; flowers axillary, almost sessile or terminal, aggregate ; leaflets of invo- lucel 10, hooked backwards at the top, a little shorter than the calyx. fj . S. Native of New Granada near St. Anna, and Brazil. Flowers copper-coloured or yellow. Carpels 5, smooth. Sessile-flowered Pavonia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 29 P. HI'SPIDA (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 99.) herbaceous ; leaves cordate, 3-5-lobed, hairy ; lobes sinuated, bluntly toothed ; leaflets of involucel 7, awl- shaped ; peduncles 1 -flowered, shorter than the petioles, fj . S. Native of? Flowers white with a yellow base. Hibiscus hisipdus, Spreng. pug. 2. p. 73. Hispid Pavonia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 30 P. PR^EMO'RSA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 833.) leaves broadly- obovate, truncate, and crenated at the apex ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, longer than the leaves ; involucel of 14 bristle-like leaves. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Curt. bot. mag. 436. P. cuneifolia, Cav. diss. 3. t. 45. f. 1. Hibiscus prae- morsus, Lin. fil. suppl. 309. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 141. Flowers pale-yellow. JBiMen-leaved Pavonia. Fl.Ju. Aug. Clt. 1774. Shrub 5 ft. SECT. III. CANCELi.A1RiA(fromca»ceWa«, a lattice, or grate ; dis- position of the leaflets of the involucrum). D. C. prod. 1 . p. 444. Carpels unarmed. Involucel of 5-15 leaves, longer than the calyx. 31 P. MCTI'SII (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 283.) leaves ovate, somewhat acuminate, cordate, serrated, very soft, pubescent above, canescently-tomentose beneath ; flowers axil- lary and terminal, stalked; leaflets of involucel 8, a little longer than the calyx, fj . S. Native of New Granada on mountains. 3P 474 MALVACEAE. X. PAVONIA. Hibiscus cordifolius, Lin. fil. suppl. 309. Branches downy. Flowers yellow. Mutis's Pavonia. Shrub 3 feet. 32 P. HI'RTA (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 99.) shrubby, clothed with stellate down, hairy ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed, crenated ; pedun- cles 1 -flowered ; involucel of 5 lanceolate leaves. Tj . S. Native of Monte Video. Hairy Pavonia. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 33 P. MO'LLIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 283.) leaves roundish-ovate, cordate, acuminated, obsoletely S-lobed, serrated, hairy, soft and canescent beneath ; flowers axillary and terminal, stalked ; leaflets of involucel 8, linear, almost twice the length of the calyx, fj . S. Native of New Granada. Branches pilose, viscid. Flowers violet. Soft Pavonia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 34 P. DIURE'TICA (St. Hil. pi. usu. bras. no. 53. fl. bras. 1. p. 234.) leaves cordate, acuminated, denticulately-serrated, velvety, tomentose on both surfaces, full of pellucid dots ; flowers axil- lary, solitary ; involucel 6-7-leaved, longer than the calyx. I? . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers sulphur-coloured. A decoction of this plant is em- ployed with success as a diuretic in Dysuria. Diuretic Pavonia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 35 P. PANICULA'TA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 135. t.46. f. 2.) villous ; leaves cordate, roundish, acuminated, crenately toothed, some- times tricuspidate ; flowers panicled ; stamens declinate ; invo- lucel of 8 or 9 leaves. Jj . S. Native of Peru at the source of the river Maragnon, and near Caraccas at the river Anauco. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 280. Urena fcevtida, Lher. mss. Flowers yellow. Panic/erf-flowered Pavonia. Fl. July, Aug. Cl't. 1820. Sh. 3 or 4 feet. 36 P. CORYMBOSA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 836.) leaves cordate or angular, serrated, smooth ; flowers corymbose ; peduncles and many-leaved involucels pilose. f? . S. Native of Jamaica and Hispaniola, on the banks of rivers. Althae'a corymbosa, Swartz, fl. ind. occid. 2. p. 1213. Flowers pale yellow. Involucel 10- 12-leaved. Corymbose-fiowered Pavonia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 37 P. ODORA'TA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 837.) leaves ovate, some- what cordate, 3-pointed, rather toothed, and are as well as the branches pilose, viscid ; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered, somewhat racemose at the tops of the branches ; involucel of 12 ciliated leaves, f? . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers red. Sweet-scented Pavonia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1807. Shrub 2 to 3 ft. 38 P. ROSA-CAMPE'STRIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 236. t. 46.) leaves cordate, acute, unequally serrated, coriaceous, puberu- lous ; flowers axillary or terminal, 1-3 together; involucel 12- 14-leaved, much longer than the calyx; carpels acuminated, fj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers rose-coloured. Field-rose Pavonia. Fl. May. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 39 P. VISCOSA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1 . p. 236.) leaves cordate, acute, denticulated, puberulous, clammy ; flowers axillary or subterminal, solitary; involucel 15-16-leaved, a little longer than the calyx ; carpels unarmed, obtuse. T? . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers yellowish-red. Clammy Pavonia. Fl. March. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 40 P. MEXICA'NA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 284.) leaves hastately-cordate, acuminated, serrate, crenate, clothed beneath as well as the branches with clammy tomentum ; peduncles 1-flowered; leaflets of involucel 10-15, linear. I/. S. Native of Mexico. Flowers red. Leaves hoary beneath. Mexican Pavonia. PI. 3 to 6 feet. 41 P. SIDOIDES (Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 658.) leaves roundish- 1 cordate, lower ones somewhat serrated at the apex, blunt, upper ones angular, acute; pedicels 1-flowered, generally solitary, rather shorter than the petioles ; involucel 12-leaved. $ . S. Native of Bengal. The whole plant is pilose and viscid. Flowers yellow. Sida-like Pavonia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. 2 ft. 42 P. ZEYLA'NICA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 838. exclusive of the synonyme of Seb.) pilose ; lower leaves roundish-cordate, cre- nate, the rest 3-5-lobed ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered ; invo- lucel of 10 fringed, bristle-like leaves. Q. S. Native of Ceylon. Hibiscus Zeylanicus, Lin. spec. 981. Hibiscus are- narius, Scop. del. ins. 3. t. 2. Flowers flesh-coloured, about the size of those of Potentilla anserlna. Far. a, Burmdnni (D. C. prod. 1. p. 444.) leaves 3-5-cleft ; pedicels shorter than the leaves. — Burm. ind. t. 48. f. 2. Var. /3, Cavanillesii. (D. C. 1. c.) leaves 3-5-parted ; pedicels longer than the leaves. — Cav. diss. 3. t. 48. f. 2. Ceylon Pavonia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1790. PL 1 to 2 ft. 43 P. CANCELLA'TA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 135.) pilose ; leaves cor- date, arrow-shaped, toothed; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, longer than the petioles ; involucel of 1 3-1 5 leaves, pilose. O • S. Native of Surinam, French Guiana, Caraccas, and Brazil. Hi- biscus cancellatus, Lin. fil. suppl. t. 311. Plant prostrate. Flowers sulphur-coloured with a violet centre. Leaves 5-lobed. Latticed Pavonia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. | to 1 ft. 44 P. HUMIFU SA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 235.) leaves cordate, 3-5-lobed, unequally toothed, velvety-tomentose on both sur- faces ; flowers axillary, solitary ; involucel 18-leaved, much longer than the calyx ; carpels angular, tricuspidate at the apex. J? . S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro by the sea-side. Flowers greenish-yellow. Trailing Pavonia. Shrub prostrate. SECT. IV. MALVAVISCOIDEJE (plants agreeing with the genus Malvaviscus in the connivent corolla and exserted stamens). Staminiferous tube exserted beyond the connivent corolla. 45 P. MALVAViscoh>ES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 237.) leaves cordate, nearly entire, coriaceous, canescent beneath ; flowers subterminal, solitary ; involucel 1 0-leaved, shorter than the calyx. f? . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes on the mountains called Serra da Cadonga. Flowers splendid red. Malvaviscus-like Pavonia. Fl. March. Shrub 5 feet. 46 P. CONFE'RTA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 238.) leaves crowded at the tops of the branches, long-lanceolate, acuminated, nearly entire ; flowers terminal, crowded ; involucel many-leaved, in 2 series, shorter than the calyx. ^7 . S. Native of Brazil, in woods. Flowers dark purple. Crowded-leaved Pavonia. Fl. Oct. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 47 P. MULTIFLORA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 239. t. 47.) leaves long-lanceolate, acuminated, nearly entire, scabrous ; flowers sub-terminal, rather corymbose, many-flowered ; involucel many- leaved, in 2 series, a little longer than the calyx. >j . S. Native of Brazil, in woods. Flowers greenish. Many-flowered Pavonia. Fl. Oct. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 48 P. LONGIFOLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 239.) leaves very long, elliptic-lanceolate, obsoletely-toothed, scabrous ; flowers sub-terminal, crowded ; involucel many-leaved, in 2 series, a little longer than the calyx. T; . S. Native of Brazil, in woods. Flowers greenish. Long-leaved Pavonia. Fl. Oct. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 49 P. TRICALYCA'RIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 240.) leaves long, elliptic -lanceolate, entire ; flowers terminal, crowded ; involucel many-leaved, in 2 series, a little longer than the calyx, but the outer series is small. TJ . S. Native of Brazil, in woods. Three-calyxed Pavonia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet 1 50 P. ALNIFOIIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 241.) leaves sub- MALVACEAE. X. PAVONIA. XI. MALVAVISCUS. 475 ovate, obtusely toothed, very smooth, sinning, full of pellucid dots ; flowers sub-terminal, solitary ; involucel 5-leaved, con- nate at the base, a little longer than the calyx ; genitals hardly exserted. Jj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Ja- neiro. Flowers yellowish, sometimes twin. Alder-leaved Pavonia. Fl. Aug. Shrub 5-6 feet. Cult. The greater part of the species of this genus are worth cultivating for the beauty of their blossoms. They are all free growing plants, for the most part ripening seed in abundance, and ripened cuttings of the shrubby and perennial herbaceous species will root freely if planted in sand under a hand-glass, placed in a moderate heat. The annual and biennial species re- quire the same treatment as other stove annuals and biennials. XI. MALVAVI'SCUS (from malva, mallow, and viscus, glue). Dill. elth. 210. Cav. diss. 3. p. 131. D. C. prod. 1. p. 445. — Achania, Swartz. prod. 2. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx girded by a many-leaved involucel. Petals erect, convolute. Stigmas 10. Carpels 5, baccate, 1 -seeded, sometimes distinct, but usually connected into a 5-celled fruit. Mallow-like shrubs, usually with scarlet campanulate flowers with the staminiferous column protruding beyond the corolla. SECT. I. ACHA'NIA (from a priv. \aor, chaos, an opening, or a\avr)f, achanes, firm ; because the corolla always appears half closed). D. C. prod. 1. p. 445. Petals eared at the base. '1 M. CA'NDIDUS (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves cordate, 5-cleft, rather acute, with the middle lobe longest ; involucel 10 or 12-leaved, rather spreading. Tj . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers red. W /«TEA (from a priv. and notus, known ; not sufficiently known). D. C. prod. 1 . p. 445. Petals not eared at the base. Species not sufficiently known. Distinct from Hibiscus in having 10 stigmas, from section Achania in the petals not being eared at the base, but the plants appear to agree with sec- tion Malvaviscoidece of Pavonia. 13 M. ? CORDA'TUS (Nees. and Mart. nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 99. under Achania) leaves cordate, crenated, tomentose underneath ; involucel 8 or 9-leaved, and is as well as the calyx beset with bristles ; stamens not protruding beyond the flower. I? . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers deep red. CorrfaZe-leaved Malvaviscus. Shrub 5 to 10 feet. 14 M. ? FLA'VIDUS (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon, ined.) leaves acutely 5-angled, toothed, cordate at the base ; corolla cylindri- cal; column of stamens erect, twice the length of the petals. Tj . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers yellowish. Yellow Malvaviscus. Shrub 6 feet. 15 M.? PLEURO'GONOS (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 446.) leaves palmately and acutely 5-7-lobed, toothed, cordate at the base; corolla somewhat campanulate; column of stamens very long, somewhat declinate ; anthers for the most part secund. Jj . S. Native of Mexico. Side-angled Malvaviscus. Shrub 6 feet. 16 M. ? PLEURANTHE'RUS (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon, ined.) leaves cordate at the base, acutely 3-5-lobed, palmatifid ; lobes toothed, middle one longest ; flowers somewhat cylindrical ; column of stamens erect, equal in length to the petals ; anthers secund. T; . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers red ? Side-anthered Malvaviscus. Shrub 8 feet. 3p 2 476 MALVACE^:. XII. LEBRETONIA. XIII. HIBISCUS. Cult. The greater part of the species of this genus bear bright scarlet flowers; therefore they are desirable in all collections. A mixture of loam and peat will suit them best, and cuttings will root readily in sand under a hand-glass ; these should be taken ofFas near the stem of the plant as possible, not being so apt to rot as when taken off by the middle of the shoot. None of the leaves should be taken off or shortened above the sand. (Sweet.) XII. LEBRETO'NIA (in honour of Manuel Le Breton, a French botanist.) Schrank, pi. rar. hort. mon. t. 90. D. C. prod. J.p. 446. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx 5-parted, girded by a rather shorter 5-parted involucel. Petals 5, in part pro- truding, twisted in the bud, with a spreading border. Styles 10. Carpels 5, or from abortion only 4, 1-seeded, indehiscent. Per- haps sufficiently distinct from the second section of Pavonia. J L. COCCI'NEA (Schrank. 1. c.) leaves ovate, acuminated, ser- rated ; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered, longer than the petioles; corolla twice as long as the involucel. ^ . S. Native of Bra- zil. Pavonia Schrankii, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 98. Trunk hispid. Flowers large, scarlet. Leaves pubescent above, tomentose beneath. Scarlet-flowered Lebretonia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub 4 feet. 2 L. LATIFOLIA (Nees et Mart. nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 98.) leaves ovate, somewhat cordate, acutish, crenately-serrated, pu- bescent ; pedicels 1 -flowered ; corolla almost equal in length with the involucel. Jj . S. Native of Brazil. Pavonia latifolia, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 98. Flowers scarlet. Calyx greenish, as in L. coccinea. Leaves pubescent. Broad-leaved Lebretonia. Shrub 4 feet. 3 L. SEMISERRA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 446.) leaves oblong, serrated at the apex, coriaceous, on long stalks ; flowers ter- minal ; calyx coloured, permanent, tj . S. Native of Brazil. Schouwia semiserrata, Schrad. gcett. ann. 1821. p. 717. A doubtful plant. Semiserrated Lebretonia. Shrub 4 feet ? Cult. These shrubs deserve to be cultivated in every collec- tion on account of their shewy scarlet blossoms. They require to be treated in the same manner as recommended for Malva- XIII. HIBI'SCUS (from i/3«7/.-oe, hibiscos, one of the names given by the Greeks to Mallow. The Hibiscus of Pliny appears to be an umbelliferous plant, while that of Virgil is a plant with pliant branches, which was made into baskets. The name is said to be derived from Ibis, a stork, which is said to chew some species.) Lin. gen. no. 846. Lam. ill. t. 584. D. C. prod. 1. p. 446. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx encompassed by a many-leaved, rarely by a few -leaved involucel, sometimes con- nected at the base. Petals not auricled. Stigmas 5. Carpels joined into a 5-celled, 5-valved capsule, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve on the inside. Cells many-seeded, rarely 1-seeded. The bark of all the species is so tough that it may be made into ropes, or spun into thread of any description. SECT. I. CREMONTIA (from cremo, to burn ; vivid colour of the flowers of some of the species.) Comm. ined. D. C. prod. 1 . p. 446. Corolla (as in Malvaviscus) convolute, cylindrical, but the petals are not eared at the base as in that genus. Stigmas 5. Cells of capsule many-seeded. 1 H. LILIIFLOBUS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 154. t. 57. f. 1.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, entire or rarely trifid ; involucel 5-leaved; shorter than the 5-toothed calyx ; petals rather velvety on the outside, fj . S. Native of the island of Bourbon, in moun- tain woods. Malvaviscus puniceus, Bory, ined. Flowers scar- let, campanulate. Var. ft, hybridus (Hook. bot. mag. 2891.) This is a splendid hybrid, produced from H. liliiflbrus, impregnated by the pollen of H. mutabilis. Flowers large. Jj . S. Raised in the Mau- ritius. Lily-fionered Hibiscus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. Tree 8 to 12 feet. 2 H. BIFLORUS (Spreng. syst. tent, suppl. p. 19.) leaves ob- long-lanceolate, remotely toothed, pilose above, but tomentose and veiny beneath ; peduncles axillary, straight, forked, 2- flowered ; involucel 4-leaved, stellately-pubescent, with the leaf- lets broad and lanceolate, and drawn out at the base, longer than the woolly calyx, but equal in length to the conniving campanu- late corolla, fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This is a very shewy species. Two-flowered Hibiscus. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 3 H. BORYA'NUS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 446.) leaves ovate, a little toothed, undivided, 5-nerved, smooth ; involucel 5-7-leaved, a little longer than the 5-toothed calyx ; petals oblong, rather velvety. Tj . S. Native of the island of Bourbon. Flowers white, on very short pedicels. Bory de St. Vincent's Hibiscus. Shrub 10 feet. 4 H. FRA'GILIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 446.) leaves ovate, hardly 3-lobed, toothed, smooth ; pedicels 1 -flowered, length of leaves; involucel 5-leaved. Tj . S. Native of Bourbon. Malvaviscus fragilis, Bory. ined. Flowers red. Brittle Hibiscus. Shrub 4 to 8 feet. 5 H. PEDUNCULA'TUS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 163. t. 66. f. 2.) leaves 3 or 5-lobed, obtuse, crenated, hairy ; pedicels twice as long as the leaves ; involucel many-leaved ; corolla rather campanulate. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ker, bot. reg. t. 231. Flowers small, bright red. Pedunculated-Aowered. Hibiscus. Fl. May, Dec. Clt. 1812. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 6 H. CALLOSUS (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 649.) leaves half 3-lobed, acuminated, upper ones heart-shaped, stel- lately-pubescent beneath ; peduncles sub-racemose ; involucels very minute, callose at the tip ; calyx toothed, smooth ; capsules oval, pentagonal, 3 times larger than the calyx. ^ . S. Native of Java. C«//o-rn«i-involucelled Hibiscus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 49 H. BIFURCA'TUS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 146. t. 51. f. 1.) stem shrubby, prickly towards the top of the branches ; pe- duncles and nerves of leaves furnished with reflexed prickles beneath ; leaves of 3-5 acuminated-serrated lobes ; involucel of 10-17 hairy bifid leaflets. Tj . S. Native of Brazil and Porto- Rico. Flowers large, red. 7W-/orA:ed-involucelled Hibiscus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825. Shrub 3 feet. SECT. VI. ABELMOSCHUS (latinized from the Arabic name kabb-el-misk, which signifies musk-seed. The seeds of H. Abel- moschus exhale a scent like musk.) Med. malv. p. 45. D. C. prod. 1 . p. 449 . Cells of capsule many-seeded. Seeds usually smooth, seldom with a villous line on the back. Corolla ex- panded. • Involucel of 8 to 15, entire, narrow leaflets or seg- ments. Stigmas 5. § 1 . Stem prickly from tubercles. 50 II. LAMBERTIA'NUS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. E. 291. t. 478.) stem prickly, simple, herbaceous ; leaves ovate- mceolate, acuminated, rounded at the base, serrate, hairy above, hoary and tomentose beneath ; involucel of 11 leaflets. O? S. Native of Caraccas in humid places. Flowers large,' purple, with a blood-coloured centre. Stigmas peltate, convex. Lambertian Hibiscus. Fl. July, Sept. PI. 6 feet. 51 H. TRI'LOBUS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 147. t. 53. f. 2. exclusive of the synonyme off Rheed). Stem arboreous, prickly ; pedicels unarmed ; leaves cordate, with 3 serrated lobes, middle lobe longest ; involucel of 12 linear leaflets. Tj . S. Native of St. Dominique, in marshes.- — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 159. Corolla pale scarlet, the size of those of H. Syr'iacus. Three-lobed-\eave& Hibiscus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub 10 feet. 52 H- mvERSiFOLius (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. p. 551.) stem and petioles prickly ; pedicels short, unarmed, hairy ; leaves of 3-5 obtuse, toothed lobes ; upper ones oblong-lanceolate, undi- vided ; involucel of 9 linear leaflets. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies. Ker. bot. reg. t. 381. H. ficulneus, Cav. diss. 3. t. 51. f. 2. Flowers yellow with a dark violet centre. Different-leaved Hibiscus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1798. Sh. 10 feet. 53 H. MACULA'TUS (Desrous. in diet. ency. 3. p. 349.) stem and petioles prickly ; lower leaves palmate-parted, toothed ; upper ones ovate, somewhat 3-lobed ; involucel many-leaved ; calyx hispid, spotted. Jj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Flowers dark red. iSpoiferf-calyxed Hibiscus. Shrub 6 feet. 54 H. CISPLATE'NSIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 250.) stem shrubby, prickly ; leaves cordate, acute, or cordate 3-lobed, nearly smooth ; involucel of 12 linear, acute leaflets, which are 3-times shorter than the calyx. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the western part of the province of Cisplatine. Flowers purplish. Cisplatine Hibiscus. Fl. Dec. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 55 H. SPLE'NDENS (Fraser, mss. Graham, in edinb. phil. journ. p. 175. Hook. bot. mag. t. 3025.) stem beset with straight prickles and tubercles at the base ; corolla expanded, tomentose on the ribs beneath ; segment of the calyx 3-nerved, keeled ; leaflets of involucel numerous, linear, awl-shaped, a little shorter than the calyx ; peduncles axillary, I -flowered, much longer than the petioles ; leaves palmately 3-5-lobed ; lobes lanceolate. Jj.S. Native of New Holland. Flowers large, rose-coloured. Style protruding beyond the stamens. Splendid Hibiscus. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1828. Shrub 5 to 20 feet. 56 H. HETEROPHY'LLUS (Vent. malm. t. 103.) stem shrubby, prickly ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, for the most part 3-lobed, with prickly serratures ; involucel 10-leaved. Tj. G. Native of New Holland. Ker. bot. reg. t. 29. Flowers large, reddish- white, with a purple centre. H. grandiflorus, Sal. par. t. 22. Various-leaved Hibiscus. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1803. Sh. 6ft. 57 H. CANNA'BINUS (Lin. spec. 979.) stem prickly; leaves palmately 5-parted, deeply serrated, with 1 gland beneath on the principal nerve ; flowers almost sessile ; calyx beset with glandular hairs. Q. S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers large, yellow, with a dark brown bottom. Cav. diss. 3. p. 148. t. 52. f. 1. Roxb. cor. 2. t. 190. H. vitifolius, Mill. The bark of this species as well as that of H. sabdariffa is full of strong fibres, which the inhabitants of the Malabar coast prepare and make into cordage ; and it seems as if it might be wrought into fine strong thread of any size. Hemp Hibiscus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. PI. 2 to 5 ft. 58 H. VITIFOLIUS (Lin. mant. 569.) stem rather prickly ; leaves villous, toothed, 5-angled, acuminated ; flowers droop- ing; capsule 5-winged, hairy; involucels 12-leaved. O- S. Native of the East Indies. Cav. diss. 3. p. 145. t. 58. f. 2. Rheed. inal. 6. t. 46. Flowers yellow, with a dark purple centre. Stamens probably purple. Vine-leaved Hibiscus. Fl. Jul. Oct. Clt. 1690. PI. 1 to 3 ft. 480 MALVACEAE. XIII. HIBISCUS. 59 H. DIVARICA'TUS (Graham, in edinb. phil. journ. for July, Oct. 1830.) corolla campanulate ; involucel 10-partecl, glandu- larly-muricated, shorter than the calyx ; stem prickly ; leaves roundish, cordate, rather lobed, unequally serrate-toothed, con- cave, stiff, pubescent on both surfaces. Jj.G. Native of Mor- ton Bay, New Holland. Flowers sulphur-coloured, with a large fine crimson centre. Peduncles axillary, collected at the tops of the branches. jDi'tancate-branched Hibiscus. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1829. Shrub 3 feet. 60 H. OBTUSIFOLIUS (Willd. spec. 3. p. 829.) stem rather prickly ; leaves tomentose beneath, crenated, cordate, lower ones roundish, upper ones acuminated, 3-lobed, blunt ; capsules hairy, 5-winged. (•)• S. Native of the East Indies. Flower large, yellow, with a purple centre. Resembles H. vitifolius, and with it perhaps will constitute a distinct section, on account of their 5-winged capsules. Blunt-leaved Hibiscus. Fl. July, Aug. Cl. 1820. PI. 2 ft. 61 H.PSEU DO-ABELMO'SCHUS (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Lin- naea. 1. p. 649.) stem perennial, beset with retrograde hispid hairs ; leaves palmately 5-lobed, toothed, Acuminated, upper ones acu- minated, sagittate, pilose on both surfaces as well as the capsule ; peduncles shorter than the petiole ; involucel 6-10-leaved ; calyx cleft longitudinally. Tj . S. Native of Java. Flowers yellow with a dark base. False-Abelmoschus Hibiscus. Shrub 6 feet. 62 H. CANCELLA'TUS (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 31.) stem shrubby, hispid, prurient ; leaves 5-lobed, on long petioles, cordate, ra- ther serrated, tomentose ; racemes terminal ; involucel 12-leaved. Tj . S. Native of Nipaul. H. racemosus, Lindl. bot. reg. 917. Flowers yellow with a dark purple centre. Very like H. pru- riens, Roxb. ZaMiced-involucelled Hibiscus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 63 H. CRINITIS ; plant setosely hispid ; leaves roundish, cor- date, acuminated, toothed, obtusely 5-angled, upper ones sagit- tate; raceme few-flowered; involucel 12-parted, ciliated ; seg- ments and stipulas linear, filiform ; seeds smooth. O. S. Native of the East Indies on mountains at Prome. Abelmoschus crinitis, Wall. pi. asiat. rar. t. 44. Flowers large, yellow, with a dark purple centre. Hairy Hibiscus. Fl. Sept. Oct. PI. 3 feet. 64 H. HETERO'TRICHUS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 450.) stem hairy, intermixed with bristles; leaves cordate, acutely 5-lobed, toothed; upper ones 3-lobed, and are as well as calyxes hairy ; pedicels shorter than the petioles ; flowers drooping. $ . S. Native of? Flowers like those of H. canndbinus. Variable-haired Hibiscus. PI. 2 feet. 65 H. ACULEA'TUS ; the whole plant prickly ; leaves deeply 3-lobed; lobes serrated; stipulas kidney-shaped ; peduncles long, 1 -flowered, axillary ; leaves of involucel falcate ; calyxes ovate, acuminated, pilose. O- S. Native of Sierra Leone in cultivated places. Flowers yellow with a purple centre. Per- haps belonging to this section. Prickly Hibiscus. PI. 1 foot. § 2. Stem unarmed. * Annual plants. 66 H. ESCULE'NTUS (Lin. spec. 980.) leaves cordate, deeply 5-lobed, bluntish, toothed ; petioles longer than the flowers ; involucel of 10-12-linear, ciliated, deciduous leaves; calyxes bursting lengthwise ; capsule pyramidal. Q. S. Native of both Indies as well as being cultivated in all parts of the world within the tropics and in some parts of France. Cav. diss. 3. t. 61. f. 2. F — Sloane, hist. 1. p. 223. t. 133. f. 3. Flowers sulphur- coloured with a dark centre. Capsule pyramidal, furrowed, eat- able. The young pods of the okro are gathered green and used in soups, or pickled like capers. They are full of nutri- tive mucilage, and buttered and spiced make a very rich dish. The seeds may be boiled like barley. There are several species of Hibiscus cultivated under the name of Okro differing much in the shape of their pods. Esculent Okro. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1692. PI. 2 to 4 feet. 67 H. BA'MMIA (Link. enum. 2. p. 227.) leaves 5-lobed, cre- nated; petioles longer than the flowers; involucel of 10-12 linear deciduous leaves ; calyx bursting lengthwise ; capsule long; stigmas 6-10. O- S. Native of Africa, where we have seen it cultivated with the okro or H. esculenlus ; it is called the autumnal okro, and the young pods are used to make okro soup. Cav. diss. 3. p. 168. t. 61. f. 3. Toz. mus. fir. 2. p. 57. t. 7. Bammia, Alp. aegyp. p. 28. Flowers sulphur-coloured with a dark centre. It differs from H. esculentus in the leaves not being so deeply lobed, and in the pods being much longer. Bammia or African Okro. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. 2 to 4 feet. 68 H. LONGIFLORUS (Willd. spec. 3. p. 827.) leaves palmately 3-5-parted, with deeply toothed lanceolate lobes ; petioles longer than the flower ; involucels usually 10-leaved, deciduous ; ca- lyxes bursting lengthwise. O- S. Native of the East Indies. Flower yellow, with a dark centre. Long-flmvered Hibiscus. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1817. PI. 4 ft. * Perennial herbaceous plants. 69 H. MOSCHEU'TOS (Lin. spec. 975.) leaves ovate, acuminat- ed, serrated, downy beneath ; petioles and peduncles joined to- gether ; involucels and calyxes downy ; capsules smooth. I/ . H. Native of North America in swamps and salt-marshes, from New York to Carolina ; plentifully in the marshes round the salt lake Onondago, New York. Flowers large, white, with a purplish centre, or sometimes pale purple. Cav. diss. 3. t. 65. f. 1 . Sweet, fl. gard. t. 286. H. palustris, Sims, bot. mag. t. 882. Mallow Rose or Musk Hibiscus. Fl. Aug. Oct. ? PI. 3 feet. 70 H. PALU'STRIS (Lin. spec. 976.) leaves ovate, toothed, somewhat 3-lobed, hoary with down beneath ; pedicels axillary, free from the petioles, jointed above the middle. I/ . H. Native of North America in swamps and marshes, from Canada to Carolina. Cav. diss. 3. t. 65. f. 2. Flowers large, rose-coloured, white, and yellowish. Marsh Hibiscus. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1759. PI. 2 to 3 ft. 71 H. ROSEUS (Thor. in Lois. fl. gall. 2. p. 434.) leaves cor- date, toothed, somewhat 3-lobed, hoary from down beneath ; pedicels axillary, free from the petioles, 1-flowered, and jointed above the middle. 3/ . H. Native of France on the banks of the river Adour. Sweet, fl. gard. 277. Flowers rose-coloured. .Rose-coloured-flowered Hibiscus. Fl. July, Oct. PL 2 to 4 ft. 72 H. AQUA'TICUS (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. 627.) leaves ovate, toothed, somewhat 3-lobed, hoary from down beneath ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, free from the petioles, jointed near the base. 3£. H. Native of Etruria in marshes. Flowers white. H. palustris, Sav. cent. 1. p. 126. Water Hibiscus. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1819. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 73 H. INCA'NUS (Willd. spec. 3. p. 807.) leaves ovate, acu- minated, bluntly serrated, hoary from down on both surfaces ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, free from the petioles, jointed about the middle. If. . H. Native of Carolina. Wendl. hort. herrench. 4. t. 24. Flowers very large, sulphur-coloured. Hoary Hibiscus. Fl. Sep. Clt. 1806. PI. 2 to 4 feet. 74 H. MILITA'RIS (Cav. diss. 6. p. 352. t. 198. f. 2.) leaves 3-lobed, halbert-shaped, acuminated, serrated, smooth on both surfaces ; pedicels jointed in the middle ; corolla rather campa- nulate ; capsules ovate, acuminated, smooth ; seeds silky. If . MALVACEAE. XIII. HIBISCUS. 481 F. Native of North America on the banks of rivers in Louis- iana and the western parts of Pennsylvania and Carolina. Sims, hot. mag. t. 2385. Cav. diss. 6. t. 198. f. 2. H. la; vis, Scop, del. 3. t. 17. H. Virginicus, Walt. fl. carol. 177. H. hastatus, Mich. fl. Lor. amer. 2. p. 45. H. riparius, Pers. ench. 2. p. 254. Flowers large, purple. Perhaps this plant belongs to section Bombicella, on account of the seeds being silky. Military Hibiscus. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1804. PI. 3 to 4 ft. 75 H. SPECIOSUS (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. p. 456.) leaves smooth, palmately 5-parted, with lanceolate-acuminated lobes, which are serrated at the apex ; pedicels jointed under the apex ; corolla spreading ; capsule ovate, smooth, 5-angled. I/ . F. Native of North America on the banks of rivers in South Carolina and Florida. Curt. bot. mag. t. 360. Wendl. hort. herrench. t. 11. H. coccmeus, Walt. fl. car. p. 177. Flowers very large, scarlet. Handsome Hibiscus. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1804. PI. 2 to 8 ft. 76 H. GRANDIFLORUS (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 46.) leaves triangular, cordate, 3-lobed, coriaceous, clothed with fine tomen- tum on both surfaces, hoary beneath ; capsules tomentose, very hairy, somewhat truncate.. I/ . F. Native of North America in salt marshes in Georgia and Florida, and on the banks of the Mississippi. Flowers very large, flesh-coloured, with a darker centre. The fruit is yellow. Great-flowered Hibiscus. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1778. PI, 3 to 4 feet. 77 H. UNICAU'LIS (D. C. ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 258.) stem simple, very villous ; leaves cordate, roundish, angular, sinu- ately-denticulated, hairy above, but white from villi beneath ; peduncles solitary, shorter than the petioles ; leaflets of involucel spatulate, equal with the calyx ; capsule very hispid. % , G. Native of? Perhaps shrubby. One-stemmed Hibiscus. PI. 2 to 3 feet ? 78 H. FUVGAX (Mart, ex Spreng. syst. 2. app. 258.) leaves almost sessile, oblong, acuminated, tomentose beneath, as well as the branches ; peduncles 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves. I/ ? T? ? S. Native of Brazil. Fugacious Hibiscus. PI. 2 to 4 feet. » » * Shrubby species. 79 H. SI'MPLEX (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 51 .) arboreous, smooth ; leaves 3-lobed, acuminated ; middle lobe longest ; peduncles axillary, solitary, longer than the petioles ; involucel 8-9-leaved, shorter than the calyx ; leaflets lanceolate ; capsule hispid, glo- bose. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers shewy, red. Simple Hibiscus. Tree. 80 H. IASIOCA'RPUS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 159. t. 70. f. 1.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrated, tomentose ; pedicels axillary ; calyx tomentose ; involucel ciliated ; capsule bristly, fy , S. Native of? Involucel usually of 13 leaflets. Hairy-fruited Hibiscus. Shrub 10 feet. 81 H. FERRUGI'NEUS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 162. t. 60. f. 1.) leaves cordate, obtuse, toothed, scabrous ; pedicels axillary, longer than the petioles ; stem clothed with rusty down ; capsule setose, fj . S. Native of Madagascar. Flowers reddish, about the. size of those of H. Trionum. Rusty-stemmed. Hibiscus. Clt. 1824. Shrub 10 feet. 82 H. SULPHU'REUS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 289.) leaves oblong, blunt at both ends, quite entire, smoothish above, hoary from tomentum beneath ; involucel 10-leaved, shorter than the calyx ; cells of ovary usually 5-seeded ; stigmas many, capitate. T? • S. Native of Caraccas. Flowers sul- phur-coloured, with a purple centre. Var. ft, acutifolius (D. C. prod. 1. p. 451.) leaves larger, acute ; capsules somewhat globose, acute, clothed with silky hairs. Jj . S. Native of New Andalusia on mount Cocollar. VOL. i. — PART vi. •SW/>/iHr-coloured-flowered Hibiscus. Shrub 4 to 8 feet. 83 H. AFFI'NIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves oblong, acute, blunt at the base, quite entire, hairy above, but hoary from tomentum beneath ; involucel 9 or 1 0-leaved, equal in length to the calyx ; cells of ovary 4 or 5-seeded. Pj . S. Native of South America between Angustura and Trapiche de Farreras. Flowers sulphur-coloured, with a purple centre. Style 3-5 cleft. Allied Hibiscus. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 84 H. CAVANILLESIA'NUS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves some- what rhomboidal, ovate-oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, coarsely serrated, hairy on both surfaces from starry down ; cells of ovary usually 4-seeded ; style 5 -cleft. I? . S. Native on the banks of the river Amazon near Tomependa. Flowers violet-coloured. Capsules depressed, ovate. Cavanilles's Hibiscus. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 85 H. LUNARIFOLIUS (Willd. spec. 3. p. 811.) leaves roundish, cordate, acuminated, sharply toothed, hairy beneath ; pedicels thickened, villous ; involucel length of calyx. I/ . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers the size and colour of those of H . Manihot. Involucel of 10 linear leaves. Lunaria-leaved Hibiscus. PI. 3 to 6 feet. 86 H. BRASILIE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 977.) leaves cordate, tooth- letted ; branches, petioles, pedicels, and calyxes hairy ; invo- lucel twice as long as the calyx. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Resembles H. mutabilis. Flowers yellow. Involucel 8-leaved. Brazilian Hibiscus. Shrub 3 feet. 87 H. J£THIO'PICUS (Lin. mant. 258.) leaves wedge-shaped, generally 5-toothed, covered with starry hairs ; pedicels longer than the leaves ; involucel 8 or 1 0-leaved, hispid. Tj . G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Cav. diss. 3. t. 6. f. 1. Plant smelling of musk. Flowers about the size of those of a straw- berry, perhaps purple. Ethiopian Hibiscus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 ft. 88 H. MICROPHY'LLUS (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 50.) leaves oval, hairy, serrated in front, somewhat 5-nerved ; pedicels length of leaves ; involucel of 9-10 setaceous leaflets, longer than the calyx. ~fy. G. Native of Arabia Felix. H. flavus, Forsk. descr. 126. Stamens 10-16. Stigmas 10. Flowers yellow. Small-leaved Hibiscus. Shrub 1 foot. 89 H. VELUTINUS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 452.) leaves cordate, bluntly-toothed, soft, hoary and velvety on both surfaces ; stem suffruticose ; pedicels a little longer than the petioles ; involucel of 8-10 linear leaflets, which are rather broadest at the apex ; capsules roundish, hispid. ^ • S- Native of the island of Timor. Velvety-leaved. Hibiscus. Clt. 1818. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 90 H. SORORIUS (Lin. fil. suppl. 311.) leaves cordate, cre- nated, scabrous ; stem suffruticose, hairy ; involucel of 10 terete leaflets, which are dilated at the apex. ^ . S. Native of Suri- nam. Corolla as in H. Mdnihot. Sister Hibiscus. Shrub 3 feet. 91 H. GUINEE'NSIS ; stem erect, branched, pilose ; leaves trifid or 5-lobed, serrated, subcordate, beset with forked hairs beneath ; flowers racemose ; peduncles short, pilose. »? . S. Native of Guinea. Corolla large, yellow. Perhaps belonging to this section. Guinea Hibiscus. Fl. June, Aug. Shrub 6 feet. 92 H. MUTA'BILIS (Lin. spec. 977.) leaves cordate, angular, 3-5-lobed, acuminated, toothed, and are as well as the branches rather downy ; pedicels almost the length of the leaves ; invo- lucel 7- 10-leaved ; lobes of calyx elongated, 5-nerved. T? . S. Native of the East Indies. Cav. diss. 3. t. 62. f. 1. And. bot. rep. 228. H. Sinensis, Mill. diet. no. 2. — Rumph. amb. 4. p. 27. t. 9. — Rheed. mal. 6. p. 66. t. 38 — 41. Flowers white in the morning, changing to a flesh-colour towards noon, but becom- ing rose-coloured towards the evening, usually double, resembling 3Q 482 MALVACE^. XIII. HIBISCUS. those of a Hollyhock. This plant is often cultivated in gardens within the tropics for the beauty of its flowers. Changeable-flowered Hibiscus. Fl. Oct. Dec. Clt. 1690. Shrub 12 feet. 93 H. ADSCE'NDENS ; suffruticose ; branches ascending, pilose ; leaves 3-5-lobed ; lobes acute, serrated, tomentose beneath ; peduncles solitary, long ; calyx pilose. Jj . S. Native of Guinea. Flowers large, yellow. Perhaps belonging to section Furcdria, but the involucel is unknown. Ascending Hibiscus. Shrub 3 feet, straggling. 94 H. CUCURBITA'CEUS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 244.) shrubby, hairy, unarmed ; leaves roundish, cordate, dentately-serrated, stellately-pubescent ; involucel of 1 2 awl-shaped leaflets, much shorter than the calyx, which is 5-glanded ; cells of ovary 4- ovulate. I? . S. Native of Brazil in the western part of the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers rose-coloured. Var. ft, cuneifdlius (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves cuneated at the base. Gourd-like Hibiscus. Fl. Sept. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 95 H. LAXIFLORUS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 245.) stem herba- ceous 1 scabrous, unarmed ; leaves cordate, roundish or cuneate- ovate, denticulated, rough ; involucel 8-9-leaved, awl-shaped, much shorter than the calyx, which is 5-glanded ; cells of ovary 7-ovulate. Jj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Goyaz. Flowers purplish, but with a pale flesh-coloured centre. Lax-flowered Hibiscus. Fl. June. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 96 H. CLYPEA'TUS (Lin. spec. 980.) leaves cordate, angular, sparingly toothed, smoothish ; branches velvety ; pedicels longer than the petioles ; involucel 8-9-leaved ; lobes of calyx oval- oblong, 3-nerved ; capsules turbinate, truncated, hispid. J; . S. Native of Jamaica in bushy places, and of St. Domingo. Cav. diss. 3. t. 58. f. 1.— Sloan, jam. hist. 1. t. 135. f. 1. Flowers dusky-yellowish. This plant is called by the negroes in Jamaica Congo-Mahoe. Perhaps originally from Africa. Shield-capsuled Hibiscus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. Shrub 8 feet. 97 H. ABELMOSCHUS (Lin. spec. 980.) leaves somewhat pel- tate, cordate, 5-7-angled, acuminated, serrated; stem hispid; pedicels usually longer than the petioles ; involucel 8-9-leaved ; capsules conical, covered with bristles. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies and South America. Cav. diss. 3. t. 62. f. 2. — Margr. bras. 45. t. 45. — Mer. surin. 42. t. 42. — Rumph. amb. 4. p. 38. t. 15. Rheed. mal. 2. p. 71. t. 38. Flowers sulphur-coloured, with a dark-purple centre. Abelmoschus is derived from the Arabic Kabb-el-Misk, grain or seed of musk. It has large seeds of a very musky odour, which are frequently used as a substitute for animal musk in scenting powders and pomatums. In Arabia and Egypt they are ground and mixed with coffee to render it more agreeable to the palate. Musk Okro Hibiscus. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1640. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 98 H. ERIOCA'RPUS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 452.) leaves smooth, ovate at the base, 5-nerved, 3-lobed ; lobes acuminated, entire ; pedicels longer than the petioles ; involucel of 8 or 9 oblong, waved, somewhat toothed, leaflets ; capsules sub-globose, very hispid both on the inside and outside. Tj . S. Native of Ben- gal. Flowers yellow, with a dark centre ? Woolly-fruited Hibiscus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 99 H. QUINQUE'LOBUS ; leaves cordate, 5-lobed, rough ; lobes acuminated, toothed, on long petioles ; flowers in terminal spiked racemes. T? . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Habit of H. mutabilis. Flowers yellow. Perhaps belonging to this section, but the involucel and seeds are unknown. Five-lobed-lea.ved Hibiscus. Shrub 6 feet. 100 H. DOMINGE'NSIS (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 550.) leaves 3-5- lobed,- toothed ; stem arboreous, prickly ; pedicels unarmed, hairy ; involucel usually of 1 2 setaceous leaflets ; calyx flattened at the base. Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Flowers large, rose-coloured, with a darker centre. St. Domingo Hibiscus. Shrub 10 feet. 101 H. STRIA'TUS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 146. t. 54. f. 1.) leaves 3- lobed, halbert-shaped, serrated, smooth ; stem and pedicels prickly ; involucel of 8-10 setaceous leaflets ; calyx ovate at the base. Tj. S. Native of ? Flowers yellow. H. Dominge'nsis var. stri&tus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 820. Striated-stemmed Hibiscus. Shrub 6 feet. 102 H. VENU'STUS (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 650.) shrubby; leaves roundish-cordate, half-3-lobed, acute, grossly toothed, velvety above from stellate hairs, tomentose be- neath, as well as the branches, and mixed with stellate bristles ; peduncles shorter than the petioles , involucel usually 5-leaved ; leaflets ovate, acute, equal in length to the capsule ; capsule ovate-globose, 5-angled, hispid. ^ . S. Native of Java. Flowers single or double, white or yellow, changeable ? Like H. mutdbilis. Beautiful Hibiscus. Shrub 12 feet. SECT. VII. BOMBICE'LLA (from fionflv£, bombyx, one of the Greek names of cotton ; in allusion to the cottony seeds.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 452. Bombyx, Medik. malv. p. 44. Cells of capsule many-seeded. Seeds woolly or cottony. Corollas usually ex- panded. Involucel 5 to 12-leaved. 103 H. SALVLEFOLIUS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 249.) shrubby, pruinosely-pubescent, unarmed ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, den- tately-serrated, hoary-tomentose beneath ; involucel of 1 2-linear- acute leaflets, 3-times shorter than the calyx ; cells of ovary many-ovulate. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers rose-co- loured. Seeds woolly. Sage-leaved Hibiscus. Fl. May. Shrub 6 feet. 104 H. PHCSNI'CEUS (Lin. fil. suppl. 310. Willd. spec. 3. p, 813.) leaves ovate, acuminated, serrated, lower ones somewhat cordate, 3-lobed ; pedicels jointed under the middle ; involucel 10-leaved, shorter than the calyx. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers purplish. Ker, hot. reg. t. 230. Jacq. vind. t. 4. Cav. diss. 3. t. 67. f. 2. Serratures of leaves bristly. Purple-flowered Hibiscus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1796. Shrub 6 feet. 105 H. BETCLI'NUS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 292.) plant herbaceous, branched ; leaves deltoid-ovate, acute, rounded at the base, crenately-serrated, a little hairy on both surfaces ; involucel 9-11 -leaved ; capsules rather globose, with few-seeded cells. I/ . S. Native near Cumana in South Ame- rica. Flowers white. Birch-like Hibiscus. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 106 H. UNILATERA'LIS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 158. t. 67. f. F. c.) leaves ovate, acuminated, toothed; pedicels longer than the leaves, jointed above the middle ; involucel 9-Ieaved ; stamens unilateral. Jj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Plum. ed. Burm. t. 160. f. 1. Flowers scarlet. ,H. Columbians, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. is the same in every particular, but the stamens are not unilateral. Unilateral-stamened Hibiscus. Shrub 4 feet. 107 H. RHOMBIFOLIUS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 156. t. 69. f. 3.) leaves, rhomboidal-ovate, undivided, crenated at the apex, acu- minated ; pedicels very short ; involucel 7-leaved. Jj . S. Na- tive of the East Indies. Flowers purple. Rhomb-leaved Hibiscus. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. Sh. 6 ft. 108 H. GOSSYPI'NUS (Thunb. prod. 118.) leaves ovate, ser- rated ; petioles and stems hispid ; pedicels jointed above the middle, hairy, a little longer than the leaves ; involucel small, 7-leaved. Tj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burch. cat. no. 2364. ? Flowers purple ? 1 MALVACEAE. XIII. HIBISCUS. 483 Cottony-seeded Hibiscus. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh.4ft. 109 H. ROSA-MALABA'RICA (Kon. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 105.) branches hairy; leaves cordate, somewhat 3-lobed, serrated; peduncles elongated, equal ; leaflets of involucel 5-6, linear, equal in length to the calyx. Tj . S. Native of Malabar. Ker. bot. reg. t. 337. H. hirtus, Lin. spec. 977. Cav. diss. 3. t. 67. f. 3. Flowers bright red, and also white. Malabar-rose. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 110 H. MICRA'NTHUS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 155. t. 66. f. 1.) leaves ovate or roundish, undivided, serrated, scabrous ; pedicels longer than the leaves ; corollas reflexed ; involucel 7-leaved. T! . S. Native of the East Indies. H. micranthus and H. ri- gidus, Lin. fil. suppl. 308 and 310. according to Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 226. Flowers yellow, small, Small-flowered Hibiscus. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1794. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 111 H. SPATHA'CEUS (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 650.) leaves orbicularly-cordate, acuminated, denticulated, clothed with stellate villi beneath ; branches covered with fasci- cles of hairs; involucel 8-1 0-parted. Tj . S. Native of Java. Spathaceous Hibiscus. Shrub 2 feet. 112 H. CLANDESTI'NUS (Cav. icon. 1. p. 1. t. 2.) leaves ovate, somewhat cordate, toothed, roughish ; lower ones obso- letely 3-lobed ; pedicels jointed under the apex, length of leaves ; involucel 6-leaved ; calyx enclosing the petals. Tj . S. Native of Senegal. Flowers whitish, becoming violet as they wither. Clandestine Hibiscus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Sh. 3 ft. 113 H. OVALIFOLTO'S (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 50.) leaves oval and rather angular, hispid ; stem scabrous from starry hairs ; invo- lucel 5-leaved. Tj . G. Native of Arabia Felix on mountains. Urena ovalif olia, Forsk. descr. 124. Flowers yellow, with a dark centre, about the size of those of H. vitifolius. Oval-leaved Hibiscus. Shrub 6-10 feet. 114 H. VIRGA'TUS (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 650..) leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminated, remotely-toothed above, lower ones cuneiform-ovate, 3-lobed ; peduncles shorter than the leaves, jointed above the middle; involucel 8-10- leaved. J? . S. Native of Java. Flowers yellow ? Twiggy Hibiscus. Shrub 4 feet. SECT. VIII. TRIO'NUM (rptoror, trionon, a name applied by Theophrastes to a Malvaceous plant, said to be derived from rpeis, treis, three ; from the 3 divisions of the leaf or from the 3 colours of the flowers). Medik. malv. p. 46. D. C. prod. 1. p. 453. Cells of capsule many-seeded. Seeds smooth. Co- rolla expanded. Involucel many-leaved. Calyx bladdery, in- flated, full of nerves. 115 H. TRIO'NUM (Lin. spec. 981.) leaves toothed, lower ones almost undivided, upper ones 3-parted ; lobes lanceolate, with the middle one very long ; calyx inflated, membranaceous, full of nerves. Q. H. Native of Italy and Carniola. Flowers cream-coloured with a dark-purple centre. Cav. diss. 3. t. 64. f. 1. Curt. bot. mag. t. 209. Three-coloured-flowered or Bladder Ketmia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1596. PI. £ to l£ foot. 116 H. HI'SPIDUS (Mill. diet. no. 21.) leaves toothed, lower ones 3-lobed, upper ones 5-parted, blunt ; lobes lanceolate, with the middle one longest ; calyxes inflated, membranaceous, full of nerves ; stem hispid. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ker. bot. reg. t. 806. H. Trionum, var. y, hispidus, D. C. prod. 1. p. 453. Flowers yellow, with a dark-brownish purple centre. Var. fl, ternalus (Cav. diss. 3. p. 172. t. 64. f. 3.) leaves nearly all 3-parted, with coarsely-toothed lobes ; pedicels scarcely longer than the petioles ; stem dwarf. Native of the Cape of Good Hope Var. $, cordifolius (Mrench. suppl. 202. under Trionum,') radical leaves cordate, roundish, upper ones 3-parted. H. Afri- canus, Roth, beitr. 1. p. 43. Hispid-stemmed Ketmia. Fl. Jul. Oct. Clt. 1713. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 117 H. TRIONOIDES ; stem shrubby, hispid; leaves 3-5- lobed, middle lobe very long, all unequally toothed ; calyx in- flated. Tj . G. Native of New Holland (Caley). Flowers yellowish with a dark centre. A weak shrub. Trionum-like Ketmia. Shrub 1 foot. 118 H. HUMBO'LDTII (Mart. mss. Coll. hort. rip. p. 350.) radical leaves almost undivided and cordate, upper ones more or less parted. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Perhaps H. hispidus var. S, cordifolius, D. C. prod. 1. p. 453. Flowers sulphur-coloured, with a dark centre. Humboldt's Ketmia. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 119 H. vF,sicAvRius(Cav. diss. 3. p. 171. t. 62. f. 2.) leaves toothed, lower ones undivided, upper ones 5-cleft with oblong, blunt lobes ; calyx inflated, membranaceous, full of nerves. 0. H. Native of Africa. H. Africanus, Mill. diet. no. 20. Flowers yellow with a dark-brownish purple centre. Bladdery-caty-aed Ketmia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1713. PI. | to 1^ foot. 120 H. RICHARDSONII (Sweet, hort. brit. 1. p. 51. Lindl. bot. reg. t. 875.) sufFruticose ; leaves hairy, 5-lobed; lobes linear-oblong, coarsely toothed ; calyx villous, longer than the involucrum ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, shorter than the leaves, or in terminal racemes. ^ . G. Native of New South Wales. Corolla yellow, with a purple bottom. Richardson's Ketmia. Fl. June, Aug. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. SECT. IX. SABDARI'FFA (a name given by the Turks to H. sabdariffa). D. C. prod. 1. p. 453. Cells of capsule many- seeded. Seeds smooth. Involucel 1 -leaved, many- toothed, joined together at the base, or even to the middle and with the calyx. Annual plants with smooth, thickish leaves. This section nearly agrees in character with the following genus Parttium. 121 H. SABDARI'FFA (Lin. spec. 978.) leaves fleshy, toothed, lower ones ovate, undivided, middle ones 3-lobed, cuneated at the base; flowers almost sessile ; involucel 10-12-lobed. O- S. Native of the East Indies. Cav. diss. 3. 1. 198. f. 1. Bonpl. nav. t. 29. Lois. herb. amat. t. 296. Stems unarmed, smooth, red. Flowers sulphur-coloured with a dark-red centre. The name of this plant in the West Indies is Red-sorrel. The calyxes and the capsules, freed from the seeds, make very agree- able tarts ; and a decoction of them, sweetened and fermented, is commonly called sorrel cool-drink. It is a small diluting liquor much used in our sugar colonies, and reckoned very re- freshing in those sultry climates. The leaves are used in salads. Sabdariffa is the Turkish name for this plant. Sabdariffa or Red-sorrel. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1596. PI. 1 to 3 feet. 122 H. DIGITA'TUS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 151. t. 70. f. 2.) leaves palmately 5-parted, with lanceolate serrated lobes ; petioles mu- ricated ; flowers almost sessile, solitary; involucel 7-cleft. O'S. Native of Brazil. Flowers white, with a dark-red centre. Far. /3, Kerridnus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 453.) leaves variable, some of them 3-5-cleft, others ovate, undivided, toothed. Q. S. Native of Brazil at Rio Janeiro. H. digitatus, Ker. bot. reg. t. 608. Flowers white with a red centre as well as being red on the outside. Perhaps a distinct species from the plant of Cavanilles. Digitate-leaved Hibiscus. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1816. PI. 2 ft. •f Species not sufficiently known. 123 H. DIGITIFORMIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 454.) leaves digitate, usually of 9 equal very narrow lobes, somewhat pubescent ; pe- Native of? H. tioles clothed with cinereous down. So, 2 Tj.S. 484 MALVACEAE. XIII. HIBISCUS. XIV. PARITIUM. digitatus, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 220. but not of Cav. Flowers yel- low with a purple centre. Finger-shaped-leaved Hibiscus. Shrub 3 feet. 124 H. FLABELLAVTUS (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 220.) shrub spiny ; leaves fan-shaped, 5-parted, very smooth ; lobes lanceolate, ser- rated. J? . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers yellow ? Fan-leaved Hibiscus. Shrub. 125 H. SPICA'TUS (Cav, diss. 3. p. 163. t. 59. f. 1.) leaves 5- lobed, obtuse, downy ; flowers sessile, disposed in a long ter- minal spike. 1j . S. Native of? Perhaps a species of Althce"a. Spike- flowered Hibiscus. Shrub. 126 H. FLAVE'SCENS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 164. t. 70. f. 3.) leaves •5-lobed, palmate, unequally toothed, hairy ; stems and petioles unarmed, fj . S. Native of Pondicheri. Flowers yellowish. Yellomish-fiowered Hibiscus. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 127 H. FASCICULA' TUS (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon.ined. D.C. prod. 1. p. 454,) leaves villous, palmately 5-cleft with toothed lobes, ultimate one longest ; pedicels crowded in the axillae of the leaves, one of which is longer than the others, fy . S. Native of Mexico. Bundled-pedicelled Hibiscus. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 128 H. TRIPARTITUS (Forsk. descr. p. 126.) leaves 3-parted, with lanceolate, serrated lobes ; peduncles axillary, 4-times shorter than the fruit ; stem and calyx prickly ; capsules hairy. Jj . G. Native of Arabia and Egypt. Three-parted-leaved Hibiscus. Shrub ? . 129 H. ACETOS.EFOI.IUS (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 455.) hispid; leaves deeply 3-parted with oblong, acute, toothed lobes, 2 lateral ones short, erect, middle one very long ; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered. Q. S. Native of Mexico. Sorrel-leaved Hibiscus. Fl. June, July. PI. 2 feet. 130 H. FRATE'RNUS (Lin. fil. suppl. 311.) shrub smooth; leaves 3-lobed ; rays of involucel terete, mucronate- concave at the apex ; capsules pubescent. O • S. Native of Surinam. Flowers yellow. Merian. Surin. t. 37. Perhaps the same as H. sabdariffa. Brotherly Hibiscus. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 131 H. BORBO'NICUS (Link. enum. 2. p. 216.) leaves cordate- roundish, somewhat lobed, unequally and sharply toothed, to- mentose beneath ; involucel of 5 oblong, long-pointed leaflets, which taper towards the base. Tj . S. Native of the Island of Bourbon. Flowers large, yellow. Bourbon Hibiscus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 10 ft. 132 H. TOMENTOsus(Mill. diet. no. 5.) leaves cordate, angled, serrated, tomentose ; stem arboreous ; capsules hairy, 5-horned. tj . S. Native of the West Indies. Flowers yellow, but be- coming purplish as they decay. Perhaps a species of Paritium. Tomentose-leaved Hibiscus. Tree 80 feet. 133 H. BRACTEO'SUS (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D.C. prod. 1. p. 455.) leaves cordate, somewhat orbicular, mucronate, entire ; stipulas large, ovate, upper ones in the form of brae- teas ; involucel 5-leaved. TJ . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers yellow. Resembles H. tiliaceus. Perhaps a species of Paritium. Large-bracted Hibiscus. Tree 30 feet. 134 H. OXYPHY'LLUS (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D.C. prod. 1. p. 455.) smooth; leaves cordate, toothed, acu- minated ; involucel of 5 spreading, linear leaflets, which are dilated at the apex, longer than the calyx. Jj? S. Native of Mexico on the mountains of Xochipico. Flowers white, with a flesh-coloured centre. Sharp-leaved Hibiscus. Shrub. 135 H. CYANO'GYNUS (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 455.) hispid ; leaves cordate, acute, toothed ; peduncles axillary, many-flowered, upper ones rather panicled ; involucel many-leaved, spreading. fj ? S. Native of Mexico. Blue-stigmaed Hibiscus. Shrub. 136 H. BAHAME'NSIS (Mill. diet. no. 14.) leaves smooth, hoary beneath, oblong, cordate, toothed, on long petioles ; flowers subterminal, very large, pale-purple. %. G. Native of the Bahama islands. Bahama Hibiscus. PI. 2 feet. 137 H. PURPUREUS (Forsk. descr. p. 126.) leaves cordate, oblong, acute, serrated ; stigmas 5, long, capitate ; capsules globose, 7-winged. Tj ? G. Native of Arabia. Flowers purple. Purple-fioweied Hibiscus. Shrub. 138 H. PANDUR^FO'RMIS (Burm. ind. p. 151. t. 47. f. 2.) leaves cordate, lanceolate, toothletted, tomentose ; stem herba- ceous, hairy ; involucel 8-leaved. Tj , S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers sulphur-coloured. Perhaps H. tubulosus. Fiddle-shaped-leaved Hibiscus. Shrub. 139 H. PARVIFLO'RUS (Weinm. in flora. 1820. p. 610.) stem shrubby, hispid ; leaves cordate, angular, crenated, tomen- tose beneath ; involucel 9-leaved ; leaflets dilated at the apex. I? . S. Native of America. Petals small, hispid on the out- side, of a dirty-yellowish colour with 5 reddish spots. Resem- bles H. Senegalensis and H. tubulosus. Small-fiovtered Hibiscus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub 4 feet. 140 H. CHINE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 455.) smooth; leaves ovate, acuminated, toothed ; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered, longer than the petioles ; involucel of 6-8 bristle-like leaves. Tj . G. Native of China. Braam. icon. chin. 1821. t. 24. Flowers white. Resembles H. phoeniceus. Chinese Hibiscus. Shrub 4 feet. 141 H. CUCURBITI'NUS (Burch. cat. geogr. no. 1481. voy. 1. p. 278.) plant trailing, tomentose ; leaves roundish, repand, less downy above ; flowers crowded, racemose, axillary. 0? G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope near Dwaal river. Corolla brown, campanulate, hardly longer than the calyx. It is called by the Hottentots Wilde Kalebas. Gourd-like Hibiscus. PI. trailing. There are several other species of Hibiscus which are only known by name, viz. H. setbsus, Roxb; H. tortuosus, Roxb. H. truncdtus, Roxb. H. Chinensis, Roxb. H. strictus, Roxb. H. pentaphyllus, Roxb. H.fragrans, Roxb. H. tetralocularis, Roxb. and H. pumilis, Roxb. Cult. The species are all showy-flowering plants. The shrubby stove kinds thrive best in a mixture of loam and peat. Cuttings will strike root readily in sand or mould under a hand- glass, in heat. The green-house shrubby species require nearly the same treatment as the stove kinds. The annual stove species should be sown in pots and placed in a hot-bed frame, and when the plants are of sufficient size they should be separ- ated and planted singly in pots, in a mixture of loam and peat ; and after they have recovered this shifting they should be removed to the stove, where they may remain until they have ripened their seed. The H. Syriacus or Althaea frutex is the only hardy shrubby species. It will thrive well in any common garden- soil, and may be either raised in abundance from seeds or layers. The different varieties of this plant may be grafted on . each other, and cuttings planted under a hand-glass will strike root freely. The hardy herbaceous species, which are very showy, chiefly belong to section Abelmoschus, thrive best in a moist soil, but being rather tender most of them require protection in severe winters ; they are only to be increased by dividing the plants at the root in spring. XIV. PARITIUM (Pariti is the Malabar name of P. tilia- ceum). St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 255. Pariti, Adans. Hibiscus, sect. x. Azanza, D. C. prod. 1. p. 454. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx girded by a 10- MALVACEAE. XIV. PARITIUM. XV. LAGUNARIA. 485 14-toothed or 10-14-cleft involucel, shorter than the calyx. Staminiferous tube 5-toothed, naked. Style 5-cleft exserted above the Staminiferous tube. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved ; valves with dissepiments in the middle, appearing as if the capsule was 1 0-celled. Seeds kidney-shaped. Trees or shrubs. Leaves entire, crenated or lobed, glandular at the base on the nerves. Stipulas twin, broad, ovate. Peduncles 1 -flowered, axil- lary, or terminal and bibracteolate. Flowers yellow or purplish. This genus has been separated from Hibiscus, we shall therefore retain the authorities for the species under that genus. 1 P. TRICU'SPIS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 152. t. 55. f. 21. under Hi- biscus,') leaves hoary, 3-lobed ; lobes lanceolate, a little toothed ; peduncles axillary, usually 2-flowered, disposed in racemes at the top of the branches ; involucel 9-toothed. Jj . S. Native of the Society Islands. H. hastatus, Lin. fil. suppl. 310. Corolla yellow, with a brown centre, changing to red as they fade, as in P. tiliaceum. Three-pointed-leaved Paritium. Clt. 1820. Tree 25 feet. 2 P. AZA'NZJE (D. C. prod. 1. p. 454. under Hibiscus,) leaves smooth, lower ones palmately-lobed, middle ones cordate, upper ones ovate, entire; involucel 10-12-toothed. ^. S. Native of Mexico. Azanza insignis, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers large, scarlet. Azdnza's Paritium. Tree 20 feet. 3 P. CIRCINNA'TUM (Willd. enum. 735. under Hibiscus,) leaves orbicular, cordate, acuminated, very entire, hoary-pubescent beneath; involucel 10-toothed. ^. S. Native of Caraccas. Flower purplish ? Like P. elaturn. Rmtnd-\e&ved Paritium. Clt. 1820. Tree 30 feet. 4 P. TILIA'CEUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p.156.) leaves crenulated, cordate, acuminated, smooth above and hoary from down be- neath, 9-1 1-nerved ; involucel 10-lobed. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies and Brazil. H. tiliaceus, Lin. spec. 976. Cav. diss. 3. t. 55. f. 1. Ker. bot. reg. t. 232. Pariti, Rheed. mal. 1. t. 30. — Rumph. amb. 2. p. 218. t. 73. Leaves furnished at the nerves beneath with 1-3 linear pores. Flowers sulphur-coloured, with a large purplish-brown spot at the base of each petal. In the island of Otaheite they make matting of the bark of this tree as fine as our coarse cloth. Also ropes and lines, from the size of an inch to that of a small packthread ; and fishing nets. Forster informs us they also suck this bark for food, when the bread-fruit fails them ; and in New Caledonia the in- habitants frequently subsist on it, though it is an insipid food, affording very little nourishment. Lime-tree-like Paritium. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1739. Tree 40ft. 5 P. ELA'TUM (Swartz. fl. ind. occid. 2. p. 1218. under Hibis- cus,) leaves roundish-cordate, quite entire, white from down beneath; peduncles very short, 1 -flowered; involucel 10-cleft. T; . S. Native of Jamaica, Porto-Rico, French Guiana, &c. Leaves furnished on the middle nerve beneath with a linear pore. The bark of this tree is very pliable and is made into cordage of various descriptions. It is called in Jamaica umbrella tree. Flowers large, of a purplish-copper colour. Tall Paritium. Clt. 1790. Tree 50 feet. 6 P. GUINEE'NSE (D. C. prod. 1. p. 454. under Hibiscus,) leaves roundish, cordate, quite entire, hoary from pubescence beneath ; peduncles 1 -flowered, longer than the petioles; invo- lucel very short, 10-toothed. Tj . S. Native of Guinea. Re- sembles P. tiliaceum, but the flowers are twice the size. It is called in our colonies on the coast of Guinea umbrella tree, from the shade it affords. Flowers at first yellow, but become purplish as they fade, like those of P. tiliaceum. Guinea Paritium. Fl. April. Clt. 1822. Tree 40 feet. 7 P. SI'MILE (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 651. under Hibiscus,) leaves orbicularly-cordate, acuminated, crenu- lated, covered with white stellate tomentum beneath ; involucel 10-cleft. T? . S. Native of Java. Flowers sulphur-coloured, with a purplish-brown centre. Leaves with 3-5 linear pores on the nerves beneath. Similar Paritium. Tree 40 feet. 8 P. GANGE'TICUM ; leaves ovate, cordate, sometimes slightly 3-lobed, rufescent beneath ; involucel connate at the base ; branches and petioles rufescent ; peduncles long or short, axil- lary and terminal. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers yellow with a dark-purple bottom ? Hibiscus Gangeticus, Roxb. Gangetic Paritium. Clt. 1 800. Tree 30 feet. 9 P. MACROPHY'LLUM (Roxb. hort. beng. under Hibiscus,) villous ; leaves large, roundish-cordate, acuminated, crenulated, pale and glandular beneath ; petioles and peduncles hairy- tomentose ; involucel 12-14-cleft; capsules many-seeded ; seeds bearded on the margins. Jj . S. Native of Bengal, Chitta- gong, and Silhet. H. macrophyllus, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 51. Wall. pi. asiat. rar. p. 44. t. 51. Flowers terminal and axillary, solitary or twin, large, yellow, with a purple centre. There is a large single spatha which incloses the flower-bud and a 2- leaved spatha which incloses the leaf-bud. Stigmas 5-6. Large-leaved Paritium. Clt. 1810. Tree 40 feet. 10 P. ABUTILOI'DES (Willd. enum. 736. under Hibiscus,) leaves roundish, cordate, acuminated, crenate, green, and smooth on both surfaces ; stipulas cordate-ovate. Tj . S. Native of South America. — Sloan, jam. hist. 1. t. 134. f. 4. exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers the colour of the preceding. The bark of this species being very pliable is made into cordage. Mulberry-like Paritium. Clt. 1820. Tree 30 feet. IIP. PERNAMBUCE'NSE (Bertol. exc. p. 13. under Hibiscus,) leaves profoundly cordate, roundish, acuminated, crenated ; older ones very smooth on both surfaces ; stipulas lanceolate- falcate. J? . S. Native of Brazil and Guadaloupe. Flowers unknown but probably yellow, with a dark centre. Pernambuco Paritium. Tree 40 feet. Cult. The species of Paritium will grow well in loam and sand, and half-ripened cuttings will root readily in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat. As all the species grow to considerable-sized trees before they flower, it is not likely that any of thdm can be brought to flower in our stoves. XV. LAGUNA'RIA (a name given to this genus from its similarity to Lagunafa, which see). Hibiscus, sect. xi. Lagu- naria, D. C. prod. 1. p. 454. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx 5-cleft, girded by a hardly evident, entire, or toothed involucel or margin. Stigmas 5, adglutinate. Capsule 5-valved, 5-celled, many-seeded. Trees with entire lanceolate leaves, and large reddish flowers rising singly from the axillae of the leaves. 1 L. PATERSO'NII (Ait. hort. kew. 4. p. 224. under Hibiscus) leaves lanceolate-oblong, quite entire, covered with whitish scales beneath. Jj . G. Native of Norfolk Island. Hibiscus Paters&nius, Andr. bot. rep. 286. Lagunaea Patersonia, Sims, bot. mag. t. 769. Lagunae'a squamea, Vent. malm. t. 42. Flowers large, pale-red, or nearly white, solitary, axillary. Paterson's Lagunaria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1792. Tree 20 ft. 2 L. CUNEIFO RMIS ; leaves oblong, cuneated, obtuse, smooth, quite entire. fj . G. Native of New Holland on the western coast. Pedicels length of calyx ; involucel very minute, toothed ; calyx cleft beyond the middle into 5 acuminated lobes. Stem and leaves resembling those of Candollea cuneijormis. Flowers pale-red ? Wedge-shaped-\ea.\e& Lagunaria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. ? Tree 15 feet. Cult. Elegant shrubs, well adapted for conservatories. They will grow in a mixture of sand and loam, and cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass. 486 MALVACEAE. XVI. THESPESIA. XVII. GOSSYPIUM. XVI. THESPE'SIA (from Qtovtaios, thespesios, divine ; because the T. populnea is usually planted about churches within the tropics). Corr. ann. mus. 9. p. 290. D, C. prod. 1. p. 455. Malvaviscus, Gsert. fruct. 2. t. 135. LIN. SYST. Mmadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx truncate, girded by a 3-leaved deciduous involucel. Capsules 5-celled ; cells semi-parted, 4-seeded at the base, with an incomplete dis- sepiment. Albumen sparing. Trees with entire leaves. 1 T. POPU'LNEA (Cor. 1. c.) leaves roundish, cordate, acumi- nated, 5-7-nerved, with dot-like scales beneath ; peduncles equal in length to the petioles. I? . S. Native of the East Indies, Guinea, and the Society Islands. Hibiscus populneus, Lin. spec. 976. Cav. diss. 3. p. 152. t. 56. f. 1.— Rheed. mal. 1. p. 51. t. 29. Pedicels 1-2 inches long. Flowers large, yellowish, with a dark- red centre, inclining to green, becoming reddish as they decay. This tree is very commonly cultivated about convents and mo- nasteries within the tropics. It is called umbrella tree in some of our colonies. Var. p, Guadalupensis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 456.) pedicels an inch long ; petals narrower, and evidently fringed at the base, f? . S. Native or cultivated in the island of Guadaloupe. Per- haps a distinct species. Poplar-like Thespesia. Fl. 1 Clt. 1770. Tree 40 feet. 2 T. BRASHIE'NSIS (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 96.) leaves ovate- oblong, acuminated, subtrifid, serrulated, tomentose beneath ; peduncles panicled, floccose. 17 . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellowish, with a dark centre ? Brazilian Thespesia. Tree 40 feet. 3 T. GRANDIFLORA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 456.) leaves ovate, rather cordate, somewhat acuminated. T? • S. Native of Porto- Rico. Hibiscus grandifl6rus, Juss. ined. Flowers red, 4 or 5 inches in diameter. Pedicels 4 inches long. Fruit un- known. Habit of T. populnea. Great-flonered Thespesia. Clt. 1327. Tree 30 feet. 4 T. MACROPHY'LLA (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 651.) leaves cordate, acuminated, 5-nerved ; peduncles shorter than the petioles. Tj . S. Native of Java. — Rumph. amb. 2. p. 224. t. 47. Flowers large, yellowish, with a dark centre, becoming reddish as they decay. Large-leaved Thespesia. Tree 30 feet. 5 T. ? ALTI'SSIMA (Spreng. syst. app. 3. p. 257.) leaves oblong, retuse, entire ; peduncles lateral, many-flowered ; sta- mens nearly free. Tj . S. Native of Java. Esenb6ckia altis- sima, Blum, bijdr. Tallest Thespesia. Tree 60 feet. Cult. These trees will thrive well in a mixture of loam and sand, and half-ripened cuttings will root freely in sand or mould under a hand-glass, in heat. XVII. GOSSY'PIUM (qoz or qothn in Arabic signifies a soft substance ; hence both the Latin and English name of the genus. In Egypt the name of the cotton- tree is Gotsnenseigiar). Lin. gen. no. 845. Lam. ill. t. 586. D. C. prod. 1. p. 465.— Xylon, Tourn. inst. t. 27. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx cup-shaped, obtusely 5-toothed, girded by a 3-parted, or 3-leaved involucel, with the leaflets joined at the base, cordate, deeply toothed, (f. 83. a.). Stigmas 3 (f. 83. e.) or 5. Capsules 3-5-celled (f. 83./.), many-seeded. Seeds imbedded In the cotton (f. 83. g.). The species are little known. This is an important genus as furnishing the down used in the cotton manufacture. This down is found lining the capsules. There are several species culti- vated for cotton in different parts of the world. 1 G. HERBA'CEUM (Lin. spec. 975.) leaves 5-lobed, with 1 gland beneath ; lobes rounded, mucronate ; involucel serrated ; stem even, smooth. O-(Lin.)S. $ . (Par.) S. i;.(Roxb.)S. Native of India, Africa, and Syria. Petals yellow with a purple spot on each claw. Cav. diss. 6. 1. 164. f. 2. — Blackw. icon. t. 354. This is the only species cultivated in Europe, especially in the Levant, Malta, Sicily, and Naples ; it is also grown in many parts of Asia. In the Levant this species of cotton is sown in well prepared land in March in lines at 3 feet distance, and the patches of seeds 2 feet apart in the lines. The plants are thinned out to 2 or 3 in a place, and the earth is stirred by a one-horse plough or by manual labour with hoes, and irrigated once or twice a- week by directing the water along the furrows between the rows. The flowering season is usually over about the middle of Sep- tember, and then the ends of the shoots are pinched off to de- termine the sap to the capsules. The capsules are collected by hand as they ripen by a tedious process which lasts till the end of November. The cotton and the seeds are then separ- ated by manual labour, and the former packed in bales or bags for sale. The seeds are bruised for oil or eaten, and a portion kept for sowing ; they are esteemed wholesome and nutritive. The most extensive cotton farmers are in the vale of Lorento, in the vicinity of Mount Vesuvius. There the rotation of crops are 1, maize ; 2, wheat, followed by beans which ripen next March; 3, cotton; 4, wheat, followed by clover; 5, melons, followed by French beans. Thus in 5 years are produced 8 crops. In this district, wherever water can be commanded, it is distributed as in Tuscany and Lombardy to every kind of crop. Herbaceous or Common Cotton. Fl. July. Clt. 1594. PI. S to 4 feet. 2 G. JAVA'NICUM (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 651.) leaves roundish-cordate, half 3-lobed, never entire, quite smooth, with 1 gland beneath ; involucel jagged, 3-leaved ; calyx unequally 5-toothed ; petioles and branches covered with black dots. Jj . S. Native of Java, where it is cultivated for its cotton. Flower yellow, with purple claws. Java Cotton Tree. Shrub 5 feet. 3 G. I'NDICUM (Lam. diet. 2. p. 134.) leaves 3-5-lobed, ob- tuse, glandless ; involucel rather cut at the apex ; stem herba- ceous, hairy. O« $ • S. Native of the East Indies. — Rumph. amb. 4. p. 38. t. 12. Cav. diss. 6. t. 169. Flowers yellow, with purple claws. This species is cultivated in Amboyna for its cotton. Indian Cotton. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. 3 to 6 feet. 4 G. MICRA'NTHUM (Cav. diss. 6. p. 311. t. 193.) leaves fi- lched, obtuse, very smooth, with 1 gland beneath ; involucel mul- tifid, longer than the petals; stem smooth, dotted. O- S. Na- tive of Persia at Ispahan. Flowers yellow, with purple claws ? This species is cultivated in Persia for its cotton. Small-flowered Cotton. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 or 4 feet. 5 G. ARBORECM (Lin. spec. 975.) leaves 5-lobed, palmate ; lobes lanceolate, obtuse, mucronate from a short bristle, with 1 gland beneath ; involucel deeply serrated ; stem hairy. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies in sandy places. — Rheed. mal. 1. t. 31. — Alp. exot. t. 38. Cav. diss. 6. t. 193. G. rubrum, Forsk. descr. no. 88 ? Flowers pale yellow, with brown claws. This species is cultivated in the East Indies, as well as in Africa. Cotton Tree. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1694. Shrub 4 to 10 ft. 6 G. VITIPOLIUM (Lam. diet. 2. p. 135.) lower leaves 5-lobed, palmate, upper ones 3-lobed, with 1 or 3 glands beneath ; invo- lucels jagged ; calyx with three glands at the base; stem dotted, smooth. O. (Com.) S. Ij . (Roxb.) S. Native of the East In- dies. Cav. diss. 6. 1. 1 66. — Rumph. amb. 4. t. 13. — G. glabrum, Lam. according to Cav. is not distinct from this plant. This species is cultivated in the East Indies and Brazil. Flowers yellow, with purple claws. Vine-leaved Cotton. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1805. PI. 5 feet. 7 G. HIRSU'TUM (Lin. spec. 975.) upper leaves undivided, MALVACEAE. XVII. GOSSYPIUM. XVIII. REDOUTEA. 487 cordate, lower ones 3-5-lobed, with 1 gland beneath ; branches and petioles hairy ; involucels 3-toothed at the apex. 0. or $ . (Willd.) S. Tj . (Roxb.) S. Native of South America. Flowers yellow.— Pluk. aim. 172. t. 299. f. 1.— Sab. hort. 1. t. 55.— Cav. diss. 6. t. 167. This species is occasionally cultivated in the West Indies, but the cotton is not considered good, nor is it easy to separate it from the seeds. Hairy Cotton. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. PI. 3 to 6 feet. 8 G. EGLANDULOSUM (Cav. diss. G. p. 354.) leaves 5-lobed, glandless, with 3 oblong acuminated lobes ; stem villous ; invo- lucels 3-4- toothed. O- S. Native of ? Perhaps the same as G. herbaceum. Flowers yellow, spotted at the base. Glandless-leaved Cotton. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 3 feet? 9 G. RELIGIOSUM (Lin. spec. 975.) upper leaves 3-lobed, lower ones 5-lobed, with 1 gland beneath ; branches and petioles villous, and with black spots ; involucel usually 3-lobed, jagged, villous ; cotton pale-copper coloured. $ . (Cav.) S. "If. . (Rottb.) S. Native? Cav. diss. 6. t. 164. f. 1. Leaves almost the size of the hand. Perhaps G. tricuspidatum, Lam. diet. 2. p. 136. Flowers at first white. This is probably the species of Gossypium, from whence the nankeen clothing is formed without any dyeing process, if so it is a native of China. Religious Cotton. Fl. July. Clt. 1777. PI. 3 to 6 feet. 10 G. LATIFOLIUM (Murr. comm. goett. 1776. p. 32. t. 1.) leaves acute, the lower ones undivided, the rest 3-lobed, with 1 gland beneath. $ ? I? . S. Native of ? Flowers large, white, turning red as they wither. Broad-leaved Cotton. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub 6 ft. 11 G. BARBADE'NSE (Lin. spec. 975.) upper leaves 3-lobed, lower ones 5-lobed, with 3 glands beneath; stem smooth ; seeds free. $ ? Jj . S. Native of Barbadoes. — Pluk. aim. 172. t. 188. f. 1. Flowers large, yellow, with a purple spot at the base of each petal, finally turning red. This is the species which is generally cultivated in the West Indies, and forms a consider- able branch of their exports. The seeds are sown in rows about 5 feet asunder, at the end of September or the beginning of October ; at first but slightly covered, but after it is grown up the root is well moulded. The soil should not be stiff nor shallow, as this plant has a tap root. The ground is hoed fre- quently, and kept very clean about the young plants until they rise to a moderate height. It grows from 4 to 6 feet high, and produces two crops annually ; the first is eight months from the time of sowing the seed ; the second within four months after the first, and the produce of each plant is reckoned about one pound weight. The branches are pruned and trimmed after the first gathering ; and if the growth is over luxuriant, this should be done sooner. When great part of the pods are expanded, the wool is picked and afterwards cleared from the seeds by a machine, called a gin, composed of two or three smooth wooden rollers of about one inch diameter, ranged horizontally, close, and parallel to each other, in a frame ; at each extremity they are toothed or channelled longitudinally, corresponding one with the other ; and the central roller being moved with a treadle or foot-lathe, resembling that of a knife-grinder, makes the other two revolve in contrary directions. The cotton is laid in small quantities at a time upon these rollers whilst they are in motion, and readily passes between them, drops into a sack, placed un- derneath to receive it, leaving the seeds which are too large to pass with it, behind. The cotton thus separated from the seeds is afterwards hand-picked and cleansed thoroughly from any little particles of the pods or other substances, which may be ad- hering to it. It is then stowed in large bags, where it is well trod down, that it may be close and compact ; and the better to answer this purpose, some water is every now and then sprinkled on the outside of the bag ; the marketable weight of which is FIG. 83. usually three hundred pounds. An acre may be expected to produce two hundred and forty pounds to that quantity, or two hundred and seventy pounds on an average. Long's jam. iii. p. 686, &c. and Browne. Barbadoes Cotton. Fl. Sep. Clt. 1759. PI. 5 feet. 12 G. PERUVIA'NUM (Cav. diss. 6. p. 313. t. 168.) leaves 5-lobed, with 3 glands beneath, lower ones undivided; involucels jagged, with 3 glands at the base. $ . S. Native of Peru. Flowers yellow, with red dots at the base (f. 83.). Peruvian Cotton. PL 4 feet. 13 G. PURPURA'SCENS (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 369.) leaves 3-lobed, pubescent beneath, with ovate-lan- ceolate acute lobes ; involucel jag- ged ; branches puberulous at the top ; capsules 3-valved. Tj . S. Native of South America. ] Purplish-stemmed Cotton. Sh. 6 feet. 14 G. RACEMOSUM (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 370.) very smooth; leaves somewhat cordate, 3-lobed, acuminated; flowers somewhat racemose at the tops of the branches ; capsules 3-valved. Tj . S. Native of Porto-Rico. Flowers yellow, with purple claws. Tfacemo.se-n'owered Cotton. Shrub 4 to C feet. •j" Names of species to be enquired into ; they are probably sy- nonymes of the former species. 15 G. OBTUSIFOLIUM (Roxb. hort. beng. 51.) Tj . S. Native of Ceylon. Lobes of leaves blunt. Blunt-leaved Cotton.' Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub 6 feet. 16 G. ACUMINA'TUM (Roxb. hort. beng. 51.) T; . S. Native of Hindostan. Lobes of leaves acuminated. Acuminated-lewed Cotton. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. Shrub 6 feet. 17 G. GLANDULOSUM (Raeusch. nom.) This is probably G. Peruvianum or G, vitifolium. Glandular Cotton. PI. 4 feet ? N. B. There are 29 species described by Von Rohr, which are probably varieties or synonymous with those described above. There are 7 species described by Paris, which are also probably synonymous with those above. Cult. The shrubby species may be increased by seeds, or cuttings not too much ripened will root freely under a hand- glass in a light soil. The annual and biennial species should be sown in pots in spring, and placed in a hot-bed frame, and when the plants are of sufficient size they should be planted in separate pots and shifted into larger ones as they grow. A light rich soil suits them best. The species require a moist heat. XVI. REDOUTExA(inhonourofP.J.Redoute, a meritorious botanical artist ; he is well known by his drawings in Redoute Liliacees, and in Ventenats Jardin de Malmaison.) Vent. eels, t. 11. D. C. prod. 1. p. 457. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx 5-parted, girded by a 10 or 12-leaved involucel (f. 84. a.), shorter than the calyx (f. 84. &.). Stigmas 3 (f. 84. g.). Capsules 3-celled, 3-valved (f. 84. A.), many-seeded, with 3 placentas, alternating with the valves, bearing woolly seeds (f. 84. I.) on both sides. 488 MALVACEAE. XVIII. REDOUTEA. XIX. FUGOSIA. XX. SERRA. XXI. LOPIMIA. XXII. POLYCHUENA. FIG. 84. 1 R. HETEROPHY'ILA (Vent. eels. t. 11.) leaves ciliated, elliptical, rounded at both ends, entire, rarely 3-lobed. f? . S. Native of the West Indian Island St. Thomas, and on the banks of the river Orinoco. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. and spec, amer. 5. p. 293. Stem erect, smooth, branched. Leaves 3-nerved, beset with scattered scales. Flowers sulphur-coloured,with purple claws, standing on trigonal pedicels (f. 84.). Variable-leaved Redoutea. Fl. July. Clt. 1822. Shrub 3 feet. 2 R. TRIPARTITA (H. B. and Kunth, nov. gen. and spec. amer. 5. p. 293.) leaves smoothish, deeply 3-parted ; segments oblong, acute, cuneated at the base, inter- mediate one entire or obsoletely 3-lobed, lateral ones bifid. Tj . S. Native of South America on the banks of the river Amazon. A trailing shrub with yellow flowers. Three-parted-leaved Redoutea. Shrub procumbent. Cult. These shrubs are easily increased by seeds ; they should be sown in pots, and placed in a hot-bed frame, and when the plants are of sufficient size they should be separated, and planted singly into other pots, or they may be reared by cuttings planted in sand or mould, under a hand-glass, in heat. XIX. FUGO'SIA (a name abridged by Jussieu from Cien- fuegosia, instituted by Cavanilles in memory of Bernard Cien- fuegos, a Spanish botanist, who lived towards the end of the sixteenth century.) Juss. gen. 274. D. C. prod. 1. p. 457. — Cienfuegosia, Cav. diss. 3. p. 174. t. 72. f. 2. Lam. ill. t. 577. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx 5-cleft, girded by a 6-12-leaved involucel ; leaflets bristle-like, very short (f. 85. a.). Anthers numerous from the sides and lower part of the staminiferous tube (f. 85. d.}. Stigmas 3-4, adglutinate or free, clavated. Capsule 3-4-celled, 3-4-valved, 3-seeded, from abortion. Seeds naked or covered with short wool. 1 F. DIGITA'TA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 240.) leaves 3-5-parted, with linear blunt lobes ; pedicels 1 -flow- ered ; seeds smooth. T? . S. Na- tive of Senegal. Cienfuegia digi- tata, Willd. spec. 3. p. 723. Flowers yellow, with a red tube, (f. 85.). Stigmas adglutinated. Digitate-leaved Fugosia. Shrub 1 foot. 2 F. SULFU'REA (,St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 252. t. 49.) leaves roundish, toothed, pvibescent ; stigmas 4, adglutinate ; capsule smooth ; seed solitary, covered with short wool. Jj . S. Native of Brazil in the pro- vince of Cisplatine in dry pas- tures. Flowers sulphur-coloured, axillary, solitary. •Sufyi/iur-coloured-flowered Fugosia. PI. prostrate. 3 F. AFFI'NIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 253.) leaves oblong- ovate, farinosely-tomentose beneath ; stigmas 4, distinct ; cells of ovary 7-8-ovulate. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Peduncles solitary, axillary, 1-flowered. Seeds solitary from abortion. Allied Fugosia. Shrub 1 foot. FIG. 85. 4 F. PHLOMIDIFOLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 253. t. 50.) leaves ovate or lanceolate, entire, densely tomentose beneath ; stigmas 3, distinct ; cells of ovary 5-ovulate ; capsule villous ; seeds woolly. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes in fields. Flowers yellow, with a dark-purple base. Phlomis-leaved Fugosia. Fl. May. Shrub 1 foot. Cult. These plants are hardly worth cultivating except in botanical gardens. They will grow well in a mixture of loam and peat, and cuttings not too much ripened will root readily in sand or mould under a hand-glass, in heat. XX. SE'RRA (to the memory of — Serra, a Spanish botanist, who wrote upon the plants of Majorca.) Cav. diss. 2. p. 83. t. 35. f. 3. D. C. prod. 1. p. 457.— Seme'a, Willd. spec. S. p. 695. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Decdndria. Calyx 5-toothed, small, girded by a 3-leaved involucel ; leaflets cordate, entire. An- thers about 10, stipitate at the top and upper part of the tube, and with a 4 or 5-crenate membrane under the ovary. Stigmas 5. Capsules 2-celled ? 10-seeded. 1 S. INCA'NA (Cav. 1. c.) Q1F. Native of Arabia in the island of Soccotara. -The whole plant downy, 3 inches high. Leaves cordate, truncate, 3-toothed. Flowers yellowish, axillary, almost sessile. Hoary Serra. PL -f to J foot. Cult. A plant of easy culture. It can be propagated by seeds. XXI. LOPI'MIA (from Xiamfiog, lopimos, easy of decortica- tion.) Mart, in nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 96. D. C. prod. 1. p. 457. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Involucel longer than the calyx, of 20, bristle-like connivent leaflets. Corolla flat. Column of stamens deflexed. Stigmas 10. Anthers 30-40. Capsule of 5 carpels ; carpels indehiscent, covered with mucilagi- nous glue. Habit of Sida. The bark is used for cordage. 1 L. MALACOPHY'LLUM (Mart. 1. c.) Tj . S. Native of Bra- zil about Bahia. Sida malacophylla, Link, and Otto, abb. gew. berl. 1. p. 67. t. 30. Shrub clothed with soft starry white pubescence. Leaves orbicular, cordate, coarsely toothed. Flowers axillary, solitary, or crowded at the tops of the branches, scarlet. This plant when growing in its place of natural growth, and when in flower, has much the appearance of Chirbnia frutescens. Soft-leaved Lopimia. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1823. Shrub 1 to 4 ft. Cult. This beautiful shrub will do well in a mixture of loam and peat, and half-ripened cuttings will root freely in sand under a hand-glass in heat, or it may be raised from seed, which no doubt will ripen in this country. XXII. POLYCHL^E NA (from iro\v, poly, many, x\aiva, chlaina, a cloak, alluding to the many-leaved involucel.) LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Involucel of numerous linear, ciliated leaflets, which are longer than the calyx. Capsule 5-celled, pilose; cells 1 -seeded. See:ls angular. Annual plants with serrated leaves and crowded cymose heads of small white flowers, and awl-shaped stipulas. 1 P. RAMOSA ; erect branched, pilose ; leaves lanceolate, acute, serrated, on short petioles; flowers cymose, terminal. Q. S. Native of Guinea. Branched Polychlaena. PI. 1 foot. 2 P. SI'MPLEX ; simple, hispid ; leaves ovate, acute, serrated, stalked ; flowers terminal, sessile. O- S. Native of Guinea. Simple Polychlaena. PI. 1 foot. Cult. These plants will grow in any common garden-soil ; however they are not worth cultivating except in general col- lections. MALVACEAE. XXIII. PALAVIA. XXIV. CRISTARIA. XXV. ANODA. 489 DIVISION II. Calyx naked at the base, that is to say, without an involucel. XXIII. PALAVVIA (in honour of Antonio Palau y Verdera, M. D. once professor of botany at Madrid.) Cav. diss. 1. p. 40. Lam. ill. t. 577. D. C. prod. 1. p. 458. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx naked, 5-cleft. Carpels many, capsular, 1 -seeded, collected into a head without order. This genus differs from Sida as Malope does from Mdlva, and from Malope as Slda does from Mdlva. 1 P. MALV^EFOLIA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 40. t. 11. f. 4.) plant smoothish, prostrate ; leaves sub-lobate, rather cordate ; pedun- cles solitary, about the length of the leaves. O- H. Native of Peru in sand near Lima. Malope parviflora, Lher. stirp. 1. p. 103. t. 50. Palavia declinata, Moench. Flowers small, red. Mallow-leaved Palavia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1794. PI. prostrate. 2 P. MOSCHA'TA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 41. t. 11. f. 5.) plant tomen- tose, erect ; leaves cordate, crenate ; peduncles longer than the leaves. ©. H. Native of Peru near Lima, in the sand. Flowers yellowish or purplish. There is a specimen of this plant in the herbarium of Balbis under the name of P. prostrata of All. ; it is probably the same as the following species. Musk-scented Palavia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 3 P. RHOMBIFOLIA (Graham, in edinb. new phil. journ. July, Oct. 1 830.) leaves rhomboidal, lobately-crenate, stellately pilose on the veins, shorter than the peduncles ; stipulas awl-shaped, ciliated, green ; petals obovately-cuneated, obliquely emarginate ; peduncles longer than the leaves. Q.H. Native of Peru near Lima. Flowers large, rose-coloured, with orange-coloured an- thers, on long peduncles in the axils of the upper leaves. Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1375. Rhomb-leaved Palavia. Fl. July, Aug. PI. prostrate. Cult. These plants are not worth cultivating except in bota- nical gardens. The seeds require to be sown on a hot -bed early in the spring, and the plants should be transplanted into the open border in the month of May, where they will ripen their seeds. XXIV. CRISTA'RIA (from crista, a crest, because of the carpels having two crest-like wings in the centre of each,) Cav. icon. 5. p. 10. D. C. prod. 1. p. 458. but not of Sonn. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx naked, 5-cleft. Fruit orbicular, depressed, covered with a skin, consisting of several 1 -seeded carpels, which have 2 wings in the centre of each. Small plants with the habit of Stda. 1 C. BETONIC^EFOLIA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 248.) plant erect ; leaves somewhat cordate, deeply-crenated, hoary. I/ ? F. Na- tive of Chili. Sida Chilensis, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 109. Feuill. hist. 3. p. 40. t. 27. Flowers red ? racemose. Betony-leaved Cristaria. PI. trailing. 2 C. GLAUCOPHY'ILA (Cav. icon. 5. p. 11. t. 418.) plant pros- trate ; leaves lobed, cut, downy, glaucous. Tf. ? F. Native of Chili in the sea-sand near the town of Coquimbo. Sida glau- cophylla, Spreng. Petals flesh-coloured, with villous claws. Glaucous-leaved Cristaria. PI. prostrate. 3 C. MULTI'FIDA (Cav. 1. c.) plant prostrate ; leaves multifid, smooth. I/. . F. Native of Peru in sandy places. Sida mul- tifida, Cav. diss. 1. p. 25. t. 4. f. 2. Sida pterosperma, Lher. stirp. 1. p. 119. t. 57. Flowers white, axillary, solitary, turned towards the earth. Multifid-\ea.ved Cristaria. PI. prostrate. 4 C. ? COCCINEA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 453.) plant beset with hoary tomentum and starry hairs ; leaves 3-5-cleft, with cut acute segments ; racemes terminal ; stem diffuse, prostrate. If. . H. Native of North America on the dry prairies and ex- tensive plains of the Missouri. Sida coccinea, D. C. prod 1 . VOL. i. — PART. vi. p. 465. Malva coccinea, Fras. cat. Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 81. Flowers bright scarlet. Styles 10. Carpels not winged. Scarlet-fiowered Cristaria. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1811. PL J ft. Cult. The three first species should be grown in pots in a mix- ture of sand and peat, and in winter they should be .kept in a green-house or a frame. The C. coccinea will only thrive when planted in a border of peat soil, and it is propagated but slowly by dividing the roots, or by seeds. The others may be propa- gated in the same manner. XXV. A'NODA (from a priv. and nodus, knot ; given to this genus because the pedicels are without the articulation which is remarked in Slda.) Cav. diss. 1. p. 38. D. C. prod. 1. p. 458. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia. Polydndria. Calyx naked, 5-cleft ; lobes acuminated, much spreading when in fruit. Capsules hemis- pherical beneath, depressed and stellate above, many-celled, or with 1. celled 1 -seeded divisions. Habit of Sida. * Carpels or cells of capsule stellately disposed, each ending in a somewhat spiny mucrone. 1 A. HASTA'TA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 38. t. 11. f. 2.) lower leaves cordate, acuminate, 5-angled, a little toothed, obtuse, upper ones hastate, acuminated, somewhat toothed at the base ; pedicels solitary, axillary, length of leaves. ©. G. Native of Mexico and Peru in moist places. Sida hastata, Willd. spec. 3. p. 763. Flowers white, blue or purplish, about the size of those of Mdlva rotundifolia. Style 10-1 5-cleft. Halbert-\ea\ed Anoda. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1799. PI. 2 ft. 2 A. TRILOBA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 39. t. 10. f. 3.) leaves all cre- nated, lower ones roundish-cordate, obtuse, usually 5-angled, upper ones roundish, halbert-shaped, 3-lobed, acuminated ; pedicels solitary, axillary, longer than the leaves. ©. G. Na- tive of Mexico. Petals purple, somewhat emarginated. Calyx very villous. Sida cristata, Willd. spec. 3. p. 763. Flowers about the size of those of Lavatera O'lbia. Style 15-25-parted. Three-lobed-leaved Anoda. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1720. PI. 2 feet. 3 A. DILLENIA'NA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 40. t. 11. f. 1.) lower leaves halbert-shaped, 3-lobed, acuminated, crenate, upper ones ovate-lanceolate, almost entire ; pedicels solitary, axillary, length of leaves, and twice as long as the petioles. 0. G. Native of Mexico. — Dill. elth. 1. t. 2. Sida Dilleniana, Willd. spec. 3. p. 764. Sida cristata, Curt. bot. mag. t. 330. exclusive of the synonymes. Petals rose-coloured, emarginated at the apex. Flowers the size of those of the preceding species. Dillenius's Anoda. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1725. PI. 2 feet. 4 A.TRIANGULA'RIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 459.) leaves triangular, somewhat rhomboidal, acuminated, toothed at the base, quite entire at the apex ; pedicels solitary, axillary, length of leaves 5-times longer than the petioles. 0. G. Native of Mexico. Sida deltoidea, Horn. hort. hafn. 36. Flowers rose-coloured, about the size of those of the preceding. TV-JangM/ar-leaved Anoda. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 ft. 5 A. INCARNA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. and spec. amer. 5. p. 255.) branches and leaves hairy, lower leaves ovate-oblong, cordate, halbert-shaped, serrated, upper ones narrow, trifid ; pedicels solitary, axillary, somewhat longer than the leaves. Tf.. S. Native of Mexico in gardens. Flowers flesh-coloured. Carpels 12. Perhaps the same as the first. .FfesA-coloured-flowered Anoda. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PL 1 to 3 feet. * * Carpels mutic. 6 A. ACERIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 459.) lower leaves cor- date, angular, upper ones hastate, elongated, the rest 5-lobed, 3 R 490 MALVACEAE. XXV. ANODA. XXVI. PERIPTERA. XXVII. SIDA. halbert-shaped ; pedicels longer than the leaves ; petals obovate, longer than the calyx. (•)• G. Native of Mexico. Flowers small, blue. Sida acerifolia, Zucc. obs. no. 80. Sida hastata, Sims, hot. mag. t. 1541. Sida quinqueloba, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. Maple-leaved Anoda. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1809. PI. 4 feet. 7 A. PARVIFLORA (Cav. icon. 5. p. 19. t. 431.) lower leaves cordate, angular, upper ones halbert-shaped ; pedicels shorter than the leaves ; petals crenated, rather longer than the calyx. Q. G. Native of New Spain in the valley called Queretaro. Flowers pale-yellow. A. crenatiflora, Ort. dec. p. 96. Sida crenatiflora, Pers. ench. 2. p. 247. Small-flowered Anoda. FL July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 6 feet. Cult. These plants are not worth cultivating except in bo- tanical gardens. The seeds only require to be sown on a hot-bed frame in spring, and when the plants are of sufficient size they should be transplanted separately into other pots, and about the end of May they should be removed into the green-house, where they will ripen seed. A mixture of loam and peat will suit them well. The perennial species, A. incarnata, should be kept in the stove, and may be easily increased by seeds, or cuttings. XXVI. PERI'PTERA (from irepnrTepa, periptera, a shuttle- cock ; resemblance in shape of flower.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 459. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx naked, 5-cleft. Petals erect, spirally twisted into a tube, but at length becoming distinct. Capsule stellately many-celled. Cells 1 -seeded. This genus differs from Sida as Malvaviscus does from Hibiscus. 1 P. PUNI'CEA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 459.) downy; lower leaves cordate, somewhat 5-lobed, halbert-shaped, upper ones halbert- shaped ; peduncles solitary, axillary ; petals erect, spatulate, somewhat toothed at the apex, twice the length of the calyx. fy . S. Native of New Spain. Flowers crimson. Sida peri- ptera, Sims, hot. mag. t. 1644. Sida Malvaviscus, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Sidarubra, Tenor, hort. nap. A'noda puni- cea, Lag. nov. gen. t. 21. An elegant plant. Crimson-fiovtered Periptera. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1814. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 2 P. MEGAPOTA'MICA ; smooth ; leaves subcordate, acuminated, trifid, toothed, 5-nerved ; peduncles solitary, axillary, much longer than the leaves ; petals at first conniving into a tube, erect, much longer than the calyx, which is truncate at the base, veined, pale ; genitals exserted. Tj . S. Native of Brazil on the banks of the Rio Grande. Sida Megapot&mica, Spreng. syst. tent, suppl. p. 1 9. Flowers probably pale-red. Rio Grande Periptera. Shrub 2 feet. Cult. These pretty little shrubs will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and cuttings will root freely in sand under a hand-glass, but as they ripen seed in abundance this will not be necessary. XXVII. SI'DA (a name given by Theophrastes to an aquatic plant, which is believed to be analogous with Althaea.) Cav. diss. p. 5. D. C. prod. 1. p. 459.— Sida and Napae'a, Lin. Lam. ill. t. 578 and 579. Sida Bastardia and Gaya, Kunth. malv. p. 4. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx naked, 5-cleft, usually angular. Style multifid at the apex. Carpels capsular, 5-30, in a whorl around the central axis, more or less connected together, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded, mutic or awned at the apex. A very polymorphous genus, differing greatly from each other in the structure of the fruit and seeds ; but notwithstanding we consider it most adviseable to retain the whole under Sida, as the carpology of the greater mass of the species are not suffi- ciently known. 1 SECT. I. MALVI'NDA (a diminutive of Mdlva.) Medik. malv. p. 23. D. C. prod. 1. p. 459. Carpels 5-12, 1-seeded, but not bladdery. * Brevi-pedicellatce. Pedicels itsually not exceeding the petioles in length. Leaves linear, lanceolate, oblong or ovate, seldom cordate at the base. 1 S. LINIFOLIA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 14. t. 2. f. 1.) leaves linear, hairy, quite entire, much longer than the diameter of the flower ; racemes terminal, corymbose ; carpels 5-8, almost awnless. 1? . S. Native of Peru, Cayenne, and St. Domingo. Malva hir- suta gramineo folio, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 704. Flowers small, scarcely 4 lines in diameter, white. Flax-leaved Sida. Fl. July. Clt. 1822. Shrub 2 feet. 2 S. STELLA'TA (Torrey in anal. lye. new york, voL 2.) plant beset with stellate pubescence ; leaves lanceolate, acute, erosely- serrated, wrinkled ; pedicels axillary, 3-5-flowered, shorter than the petioles ; flowers capitately glomerate ; carpels 12-14, with 2 mucrones, 1-2-seeded, with the sides reticulated at the base. Tj . S. Native of North America on the Rocky Mountains. iS^e/toe-pubescent Sida. Shrub 1 foot ? 8 S. BRACHYSTE'MON (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 459.) leaves linear, quite entire, hardly longer than the diameter of the flower ; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered, length of the stipulas and petioles. 1j . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers white, with a red centre. Stamens very short. Short-stamened Sida. Shrub 2 feet. 4 S. PROSTRA'TA ; stem prostrate, pilose ; leaves lanceolate, unequally serrated on short footstalks ; stipulas setaceous ; pedi- cels short, 1 -flowered, axillary. fj.S. Native of Sierra Leone in cultivated places. Flowers yellow. Prostrate Sida. Shrub prostrate. 5 S. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 4.) leaves linear-lanceo- late, toothed, with a spiny tubercle under the base of the petiole ; pedicels axillary, usually solitary ; carpels 5, ending in 2 points. fy . S. Native of the island of Bourbon. Flowers small, yellow. Cav. diss. 1. p. 14. t. 2. f. 2. but not of Mill. S. ulmifolia, Retz, obs. 3. p. 37. Narrow-leaved Sida. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1726. Shrub 3 ft. 6 S. LINEARIS (Cav. icon. 4. p. 6. t. 312. f. 1.) leaves linear, serrated, with a spiny tubercle under the base of the petiole ; pe- dicels axillary, solitary ; carpels 1 0, mutic. Jj . S. Native of New Spain. Flowers small, yellow, hardly open. Linear-leaved Sida. Shrub 1|. foot. 7 S. SPINO'SA (Lin. spec. 960.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, tooth- ed, with a spiny tubercle under the base of the petiole ; pedicels axillary, solitary, shorter than the stipulas and petioles ; capsules 5, ending in 2 beaks. Q. S. Native of the East Indies, Egypt, Senegal, and Jamaica. Cav. diss. 1. p. 11. t. 1. f. 9. Stewartia corchoroides, Forsk. Flowers yellow. There is a variety of this with somewhat cordate leaves. Spinose-leaved Sida. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1680. PI. 1 foot. 8 S. ACU TA (Burm. ind. 147.) leaves linear-lanceolate, tooth- ed, smooth ; pedicels axillary, solitary, length of stipulas and petioles ; carpels 5, 2-beaked. T? . S. Native of Coromandel, Java, and Cochin-china. Cav. diss. 1. p. 15. t. 2. f. 3. — Pluk. mant. 10. t. 334. f. 2. — Rumph. amb. 6. p. 43. t. 18. S. scoparia, Lour. coch. 2. p. 504. Flowers pale-yellow. -^cute-fruited Sida. Shrub 1 to 6 feet. 9 S. A'LBA (Lin. spec. 960. but not of Cav.) leaves oblong- ovate, somewhat cordate, obtuse, toothed ; pedicels equal in length to the petioles ; carpels 5, 2-horned. Q. S. Native of the East Indies.— Dill. hort. elth. 2. t. 171. f. 210. Flowers white. Pedicels solitary. White-fiovfered Sida. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1732. PI. 1 to 2 feet. MALVACEAE, XXVII. SIDA. 491 10 S. STAUNTONIA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 460.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, toothed, smooth, pale beneath ; pedicels axillary, solitary, length of stipulas and petioles ; carpels 7, 2-horned. ^ . S. Native of China. S. lanceolata, Willd. spec. 3. p. 736 ? S. stipulata e China, Cav. diss. 1. p. 23 ? Flowers yellow. Staunton's Sida. Shrub 2 feet. US. STIPULA TA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 22. t. 3. f. 10.) leaves lan- ceolate, toothed, acute, pilose ; pedicels solitary, axillary ; sti- pulas linear, fringed, longer than the petioles; carpels 7-10, ending in 2 beaks. tj ? S. Native of the Mauritius. The leaves are either hairy or smoothish. Flowers yellow. Stipulate-leaved Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 12 S. MURICA'TA (Cav. icon. 6. p. 78. t. 597. f. 2.) leaves lanceolate, serrated, scarcely longer than the petioles ; stipulas ciliated, elongated ; flowers somewhat capitate ; carpels 7, muri- cated, ending in 2 beaks. ?j ? S. Native of New Spain near Chalma. Stem villous. Flowers yellow. Muricated-caipelled Sida. Shrub 1 foot. 13 S. BERTERIA'NA (Balb. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 460.) leaves lanceolate, toothed, acute, rather pilose ; pedicels 1-2, axillary, 1 -flowered, very short ; stipulas ciliated, twice as long as the petioles and flowers ; carpels 5, almost mutic. Tj ? S. Native of St. Domingo and Porto-Rico. Resembles S. stipulata. Flowers yellow. Bertero's Sida. Shrub 2 feet. 14 S. GLOMERA'TA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 18. t. 2. f. 6.) leaves ovate- lanceolate, serrated, downy ; pedicels glomerate, axillary, 1- flowered, very short ; carpels 5, 2-horned. Tj ? S. Calyx ciliated. Resembles S. Jamaicensis. Flowers yellow. Glomerated-Rowered Sida. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 15 S. JAMAICE'NSIS (Cav. diss. 1. p. 17. t. 2. f. 5.) leaves ovate, serrated, tomentose, with blunt awned serratures ; pedicels axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered, short ; carpels 5, 2-horned. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica in arid places, as well as in St. Domingo. Jamaica Sida. Fl. July, Aug, Clt. 1817. Shrub 2 feet. 16 S. BALBISIA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 460.) leaves ovate-lan- ceolate, somewhat rhomboid, acuminated, entire at the base, serrate-toothed at the top, and are as well as the branches rough from starry down ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, length of sti- pulas; stipulas ciliated ; carpels 8-10, ending in 2 beaks, Jj . S. Native of Porto-Rico. Flowers yellow. Balbis's Sida. Shrub 2 feet. 17 S. BRACHYPE'TALA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 460.) leaves ovate- lanceolate, acuminated, unequally serrated, somewhat pubescent from pressed down ; stipulas and calyxes ciliated ; pedicels soli- tary, 1-flowered, length of stipulas; corolla shorter than the calyx ; carpels 8-10, 2-beaked. lj . S. Native of Martinico and St. Domingo. Flowers yellow. Differing from S. frutiscens in the pedicels being jointed at the base, not at the apex. Short-petalled Sida. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 18 S. REPA'NDA (Roth. nov. spec. p. 328.) leaves ovate, acu- minated, doubly serrated, covered with small starry hairs above ; pedicels solitary, shorter than the linear-lanceolate, ciliated sti- pulas ; petals obliquely-repand ; carpels 2-beaked. Tj . S. Na- tive of? Flowers sulphur-coloured. Resembles S. carpinifblia. Repand-]>etal\ed Sida. Shrub 1 foot. 19 S. BRACTEOLA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 460.) leaves ovate- lanceolate, acuminated, toothed, smooth ; branches round, hairy ; stipulas of two forms, one awl-shaped, the other linear ; racemes very short, 1-3-flowered, bracteolate ; carpels 7-8, 2-beaked. f? . S. Native of South America on the road from Chili 19 Brazil. Flowers small, yellow. Bracteolate-ftowered Sida. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 20 S. CARPINIFBLIA (Lin. fil. suppl. 307.) leaves ovate-ob- long, doubly-serrated ; peduncles axillary, very short, usually 4-flowered ; branchlets flattened ; carpels 8, 2-beaked. Tj . G. Native of the Canary Islands and Brazil. Cav. diss. 1. p. 24. t. 3. p. 11. Flowers yellow. The leaves are chewed by the inhabitants of Brazil, and applied with success to the bites of wasps and bees. far. /3 ? betulma (Lag. hort. madr. 1815.) leaves broader and somewhat cordate at the base, fj . S. Native of the Mauritius. S. carpinifolia, Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 135. Hornbean-leaved Sida. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1774. Shrub 2 ft. 21 S. CARPINOI'DES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 461.) leaves ovate- oblong, somewhat doubly serrated ; pedicels axillary, 1-flower- ed, solitary ; carpels 10-12, 2-horned on the back, and with 1 awn at the base on the inside. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow. This plant is often to be found in gardens under the name of S. carpinifolia. Horn-bean-like Sida. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1800. Shrub 2 feet. 22 S. MUCRONULA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 461.) lower leaves ovate-oblong, upper ones oblong, somewhat double-toothed ; pedicels axillary, very short, 1-flowered; carpels 10-11, 2- beaked, and with 1 short awn at the base, fy . S. Native of Java. Resembles S. carpinoides, but differing in the leaves being more oblong and smooth, and in the fruit being more his- pid, as well as smaller. Flowers yellow. Afacronutoe-carpelled Sida. Shrub 2 feet. 23 S. ORIENTALS (Cav. diss. 1. p. 21. t. 12. f. 1.) leaves ovate, acuminated, toothed above, smooth ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, rather shorter than the petioles; carpels 9-10- mutic. 1? ? S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers yellow. Oriental Sida. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 24 S. CAPE'NSIS (Cav. diss. 1. p. 23. t. 12. f. 3. and 2. p. 49.) leaves ovate-lanceolate or roundish-ovate, toothed ; pedicels ax- illary, solitary, length of petioles ; stipulas ciliated, longer than petioles; carpels 10, mutic. fj? G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — Pluk. aim. t. 240. f. 5. Flowers yellow. Cape Sida. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 25 S. MICROPHY'LLA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 22. t. 12. f. 2.) leaves elliptical, toothed ; pedicels axillary, solitary, somewhat longer than the petioles ; carpels 7, 2-beaked. 1£ . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers yellow, sometimes crowded on the tops of the branches. Small-leaved Sida. PI. 2 feet. 26 S. TRIDENTA'TA (Cav. icon. 4. t. 312.) leaves ovate, 3- toothed at the apex, tomentose beneath ; pedicels axillary, 1- flowered, solitary, equal in length with the petioles and stipulas ; stem filiform, very short. Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Flowers yellow, small. Three-toothed-leaved Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1 foot. 27 S. EROSA (Link. enum. hort. berl. 2. p. 203.) leaves rhomboid, tapering to the base, toothed in front, clothed with starry tomentum beneath ; pedicels shorter than the petioles ; carpels 2-beaked. !{.. S. Native of Brazil. S. emarginata, Retz. Flowers yellow. Batten-leaved Sida. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1824. PI. 2 feet. 28 S. VIA' RUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 182.) suftruticose, trailing, prostrate ; branches clothed with the permanent sti- pulas ; leaves small, oblong-linear, obtuse at both ends, serrated at the apex, somewhat farinaceously-tomentose beneath ; pedun- cles equal in length to the petioles ; flowers glomerate ; carpels 5, smooth, bifid, attenuated. ^ • S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes by road-sides. Flowers pale-yellow. Way-side Sida. Fl. Jan. Mar. PI. prostrate. 29 S. CILIA'RIS (Lin. spec. 961.) leaves elliptical, somewhat ovate, retuse, toothed at the apex ; pedicels axillary, solitary, very short ; stipulas ciliated, rather longer than the flower ; carpels 7, muricated, ending in two short beaks. $ . S. Na- 3R 2 492 MALVACEAE. XXVII. SIDA. live of Jamaica, St. Domingo, and St. Thomas. Cav. diss. 1. p. 21. t. 3. f. 9. & 5. t. 127. f. 2. — Sloan, hist. t. 137. f. 2. Flowers small, reddish. CWwry-stipuled Sida. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1759. PI. | ft. 30 S. PUSI'LLA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 6. t. 1. f. 4 and 5. t. 127. f. 1.) leaves roundish-elliptical, tootl ied, smooth ; pedicels axil- lary, 1 -flowered, rather longer than the petioles; carpels 5, mutic ; stem prostrate. ^ . S. Native of the Island of Mahe. Flowers yellow. Pedicels solitary. Small Sida. PI. prostrate. 31 S. URTIC^FOLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 189.) stems suffru- ticose, ascending, hairy ; leaves cordate at the base, deeply toothed, lower ones roundish, very blunt, pubescent on both surfaces, upper ones oblong, obtuse, tomentose ; pedicels nu- merous, axillary, 1 -flowered, shorter than the petioles ; carpels 4-5, mutic. *j . S. Native of Brazil in the province of the Missions. Petals rose-coloured. Nettle-leaved Sida. Fl. Jan. Shrub 1 foot. 32 S. ALNIFOHA (Lin. spec. 961.) lower leaves roundish- ovate, cordate ; upper ones oblong, toothed, cuneated, and quite entire at the base ; pedicels many, axillary, shorter than the petioles; carpels 5-7, 2-beaked. Q. S. Native of the East Indies. Cav. diss. l.p. 12. t. 1. f. 1 3.— Dill. hort. elth. t. 172. f. 211. Flowers pale copper-coloured. Alder-leaved Sida. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1732. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 33 S. INTERMEDIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 188. t. 34. f. 1.) stem suffruticose, short, almost simple ; leaves roundish-ovate, cordate at the base, deeply toothed, pubescent above, but tomen- tosely pubescent and hoary beneath ; pedicels usually numerous, somewhat shorter than the petioles ; divisions of the calyx very narrow, acuminated, awl-shaped at the apex ; ovary of 5 carpels. Jj . S. Native of Brazil on the banks of the river Uruguay. Flowers white or flesh-coloured. Intermediate Sida. Shrub very short. 34 S. PARVIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 461.) leaves ovate, toothed, hoary beneath ; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered, much longer than the petioles ; carpels 5, rough, mutic. I/ . S. Na- tive of the Island of Bourbon. Flowers small, yellow. Small-leaved Sida. PI. 1 foot. 35 S. HERMANNIOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 258.) leaves elliptical, rounded at both ends, serrate-crenate, clothed with pressed hairs above, hoary from tomentum beneath, on short petioles ; pedicels axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered, shorter than petioles ; carpels 5, 2-beaked. ^ . S. Native of South America between Honda and the river Guali in dry places. Shrub trailing, with hairy branches. Flowers about the size of those of Geranium nolle. Resembles S. rotundifolia. Hermannia-like Sida. Shrub trailing. 36 S. OVAVTA ; erect, branched ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrated, on short petioles ; pedicels terminal and axil- lary, short, solitary, 1 -flowered. Tj . S. Native of Guinea. Otiate-leaved Sida. Shrub 1 foot. 37 S. CRENATA ; erect, branched; leaves oblong, ovate, smooth, crenated, acuminate, entire at the base ; pedicels ter- minal; solitary, 1-flowered. T; . S. Native of Guinea. CVenate-leaved Sida. Shrub 1 foot. * * OblongifolicE. Pedicels elongated, distinctly jointed. Leaves linear, lanceolate, oblong or ovate, seldom cordate at the base. 38 S. FRUTE'SCENS (Cav. diss. 1. p. 12. t. 10. f. 1.) leaves ovate-oblong, somewhat cordate, serrated, whitish beneath ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, twice as long as petioles, jointed under the apex. T? . S. Native of the Mauritius. Flowers yellow. Perhaps this plant is only a variety of S. spinbsa. Shrubby Sida. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1810. Shrub 4 feet. 39 S. COMPRE'SSA (D. C.prod. 1. p. 462.) leaves ovate-lanceo- late, acuminated, toothed, hoary beneath; branchlets com- pressed, beset with starry down ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, thrice the length of the petioles, carpels 5, pubescent, rather mucronate. Q? G. Native of Nipaul. Flowers yellow. Compressed-branched Sida. Fl. July, Sept. PI. 1 foot. 40 S. BI'COLOR (Cav. icon. 4. t. 311.) leaves lanceolate, very much pointed, serrated; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, much longer than the petioles ; carpels 5, mutic. ^ • S. Native of New Spain. Stem greenish-violet with spreading branches. Petals yellowish, red on the outside, obliquely truncated at the apex. S. obliqua, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. differs in the leaves being less acuminated. Pedicels solitary. Ttvo-colourcd-petaNed Sida. Shrub 2 feet. 41 S. ASCE'NDENS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 182.) suffruticose, ascending ; leaves serrated, but entire at the apex, pubescent on both surfaces, ciliated ; peduncles axillary, hardly articulated, much longer than the petioles ; calyx 5-plicate, ciliated ; carpels 9, mutic, smooth. fj . S. Native of Brazil in the southern part of the province of St. Paul. Flowers white, at length flesh-coloured. Ascending-stemmed Sida. Fl. Jan. PI. -j foot. 42 S. RIBIFOLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 183. t. 34.) stem suf- fruticose, ascending, flexuous ; leaves ovate-oblong, serrated, green above but canescent beneath ; peduncles axillary, hardly articulated, solitary, 1-flowered, much longer than the petioles ; calyx pentagonal, tomentose; carpels 10, wrinkled, 2-beaked. Jj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers pale-yellow. Gooseberry-leaved Sida. Shrub 1 foot. 43 S. CANARIE'NSIS (Willd. spec. 3. p. 755.) leaves lanceolate, toothed, smooth; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, length of leaves; carpels 7-10, 2-beaked. T? . G. Native of the Canary Islands, S. 61ba, Cav. diss. 1. p. 22. t. 3. f. 8. but not of Linnaeus. Leaves whitish beneath. Flowers yellow. This is perhaps the same as S. rhomb/folia. Pedicels solitary. Canary Island Sida. Fl. Ju. Sep. Clt. 1820. Sh. 3 feet. 44 S. RHOMBIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 961.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, toothed, cuneated at the base, whitish beneath ; pedicels axil- lary, 1-flowered, length of the leaves ; carpels 8-10, 2-beaked. Jj . G. Native of Carolina and South America, and probably of the East Indies. Flowers small, yellow. Cav. diss. 1. p. 23. t. 3. f. 12.— Dill. elth. t. 172. f. 212. Pedicels solitary. Far. ft, canescens (Cav. diss. 1. p. 23. t. 8. f. 3.) leaves more villous beneath ; pedicels longer than the leaves. Jj . S. Na- tive of Senegal. Rhomb-leaved Sida. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1732. Sh. 1 to 3. ft. 45 S. SERRA^IA (Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 111.) leaves linear, involute, serrated, covered witli stellate pubescence beneath ; peduncles filiform, straight, longer than the petiole ; carpels 2-pointed. Tj • S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco. iSerraterf-leaved Sida. Shrub 2 feet. 46 S. POTENTILLOIDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 178.) shrubby, branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate, serrated, green above, ca- nescent beneath ; peduncles axillary, twin, or solitary, crowded on the tops of the branches, shorter than the leaves ; calyx 10- ribbed; carpels 8-10, 2-awned. fj . S. Native of Brazil in woods near St. Nicholas in the province of the Missions. Potentilla- like Sida. Shrub 1 foot. 47 S. ANGUSTI'SSIMA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 179.) stem suffru- ticose, branched ; leaves linear, very narrow, obtuse, remotely and dentately serrated at the base ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, longer than the petioles; carpels 7-9, wrinkled, pu- berulous and 2-awned at the apex. Jj . S. Native of Brazil in the western part of the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers yellow. MALVACEAE. XXVII. SIDA. 493 Very narrow-leaved Sida. Fl. Sept. Oct. Shrub 2 feet. 48 S. LINEARIFOLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 180.) leaves on short petioles, linear, remotely toothed at the apex, rather cor- date at the base, pilose above but tomentosely pubescent beneath, hoary ; stipulas longer than the petioles ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered; carpels smooth, mutic. Jj . S. Native of Brazil in the western part of the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers yellow. Linear-leaved Sida. Shrub 1 foot. 49 S. HONDE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 260.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, somewhat rhomboid, acute, cor- date, serrated, hoary from tomentum beneath ; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered, shorter than the leaves; carpels 8, roughish, biden- tate. Jj . S. Native of New Granada near Honda. Flowers yellow. Resembles S. rhombifolia. Pedicels solitary. Honda Sida. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 50 S. RHOMBOIDEA (Roxb. ex journ.bot. 1814. vol. 4. p. 207.) leaves lanceolate, toothed, hoary beneath ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves; carpels 8-10, almost awn- less, f? . S. Native of Timor and Bengal. Flowers yellow. Rhomboid-leaved Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 51 S. AURANTIACA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 185.) suffruti- cose, erect, branched ; leaves small, ovate-linear, or linear, bluntish, rather cordate at the base, toothed, pubescent on both surfaces ; peduncles axillary, solitary, longer than the petioles ; carpels 5, gibbous, mutic, pubescent at the apex. Tj . S. Na- tive of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Corolla orange. Stigmas purple. Orange-flowered Sida. Shrub 1^ foot. 52 S. RETU'SA (Lin. spec. 961.) leaves obovate or wedge- shaped, toothed and retuse at the apex, somewhat tomentose below ; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered, or crowded at the tops of the branches ; carpels 7-8, beaked. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies and the Mauritius. Cav. diss. 1. p. 18. t. 3. f. 4. and 5. t. 131. f. 2. Flowers yellow. Pedicels either shorter or longer than the leaves. — Rumph. amb. 6. p. 44. t. 19. Pedicels solitary. Refuse-leaved Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. 2 ft. 53 S. PHILI'PPICA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 462.) leaves obovate, toothed at the apex, blunt, cuneated at the base, entire, smoothish ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, rather shorter than the leaves ; carpels 8-10, almost mutic. ^7 . S. Native of the Philippine islands. Flowers yellow. Pedicels solitary. Philippine Sida. Fl. Jul. Aug. Shrub 2 feet. 54 S. RECI'SA (Link. enum. hort. berl. 2. p. 203.) leaves somewhat rhomboid, retuse, crenate in front, clothed with starry tomentum beneath as well as branches ; pedicels longer than the petioles but almost thrice as short as the leaves ; carpels mutic. If. . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow. Pared-leaved Sida. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1 823. PI. 1 foot. 55 S. ABSCI'SSA (Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 117.) lea"ves linear-oblong, tapering to the base, truncate at the top, covered with hoary stellate down ; peduncles capillary, equal in length to the leaves; carpels mutic. Q. S. Native of South America. Flowers yellow. Pedicels solitary. CW-leaved Sida. PI. 1 foot. 56 S. HERMANNLEFOLIA (Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 117.) shrubby; leaves oblong, acute, serrulated, tomentose; peduncles 1-flowered, longer than the leaves. Ij.S. Native of Mexico. Pedicels solitary. Flowers yellow ? Hermannia-leaved Sida. Shrub 1^- foot. 57 S. CALYXHYME'NIA (Gay, ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 462.) leaves lanceolate, obtuse, toothed, hoary on both surfaces ; pe- dicels axillary, 1-flowered, hardly double the length of the petioles ; calyx tomentose. Tj . G. Native of New Holland. Perhaps this species will form a distinct genus. Flowers yellow ? Membrane-calyxed Sida. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Sh. 2 ft. 58 S. MICANS (Cav. diss. 1. p. 19. t. 3. f. 1.) leaves ovate, obtuse, somewhat cordate, serrated, clothed with soft glittering tomentum ; pedicels axillary, solitary, much longer than the petioles; carpels 9-10, each with 2 short horns. T^.S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers yellow. Scarcely differing from S. althceifolia of Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 262. Glittering-leaved Sida. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 ft. 59 S. MACULA'TA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 20. t. 3. f. 7.) leaves ovate, obtuse, toothed ; branchlets, calyxes, and stipulas tomentose ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, twice as long as the petioles, some- what racemose at the apex of the brandies ; carpels 9-10, 2- horned. Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Petals yellow, with a red spot at the base of each. S. suberosa, Lher. stirp. p. 113. t. 54. Pedicels solitary. %>«erf-petalled Sida. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. l^ft. 60 S. ACUMINA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 462.) leaves ovate, acuminated, toothed ; branches, stipulas, and calyxes tomentose ; axillary branchlets floriferous ; pedicels 1-flowered, twice as long as the petioles. T? . S. Native of St. Domingo. S. macu- lata, Bertero, ined. Petals yellow, with a red spot at the base of each. Perhaps the same as the last. 4cuminated-leaved Sida. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub 2 feet. 61 S. ? HASTA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 190. t. 34. f. 2.) stem hairy, short ; leaves roundish, very obtuse, hardly cordate at the base, crenate, upper ones ovate, or ovate-oblong ; pedun- cles axillary, solitary, a little longer than the petioles ; segments of the calyx hastately-ovate ; ovary 11-12-lobed. fj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Cisplatine by road-sides. Hastate-stalled Sida. Fl. Dec. PI. | foot. * * ' Cordifblice. Pedicels elongated. Leaves toothed, not lobed, cordate at the base, 62 S. PILOSA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 9. t. 8.) leaves small, ovate- cordate, obtuse, toothed ; pedicels pilose, solitary, 1-flowered longer than the petioles; carpels 5, 2-beaked. Q. S. Native of the Caribbee islands. The whole plant is hairy. Flowers small, yellow. Far. ft, glabra (D. C. prod. 1. p. 463.) plant smooth. Native of Porto-Rico. Pilose Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1793. PL 2 feet. 63 S. BETONIC/EFOLIA (Balb. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 463.) plant very hispid ; leaves ovate, cordate, acutish, crenated ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, lower ones longer than the petiole, upper ones shorter ; carpels 5. netted with nerves, pubescent, 2-beaked. Tj . S. Native of St. Martha. S. hispida, Bertero but not of Pursh. Flowers white. Betony-leaved Sida. Shrub 2 feet. 64 S. MULTICAU'LIS (Cav. diss. 1. p. 10. t. 1. f. 6.) stems many from the root ; leaves roundish, cordate, acute, toothed ; pedicels solitary, 1 -flowered, twice as long as the petioles ; car- pels 5, mutic. O- S. Native of Malabar. Plant hispid from long hairs. Stems slender, tomentose. Flowers yellow. Many-stemmed Sida. PI. 2 feet. 65 S. RADICANS (Cav. diss. 1. p. 8.) leaves roundish, cordate, acute, ciliately-toothed ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, longer than the petioles ; carpels 5, awnless. 7£ . S. Native of the East Indies. — Rheed. -mal. 10. p. 137. t. 69. Stems rooting, white from hairs. Flowers transparent with white veins. Rooting Sida. PI. creeping. 66 S. HEDER^FOLIA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 8. t. 9. f. 3.) leaves roundish, cordate, obtuse, repand ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, longer than the petioles ; carpels 5, 2-awned ; stem creeping, rooting. 1{. S. Native of St. Domingo. — Plum, ed Burm. 1. 494 MALVACEAE. XXVII. SIDA. p. 7. 1. 1. f. 2. Plant with the habit of Glechoma not Hedera. Flowers yellow. Ivy-leaved Sida. PI. creeping. 67 S. JUSSLKA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 463.) leaves roundish, cordate, toothed, hispid on both surfaces; pedicels solitary, 1- flowered, longer than the petioles ; carpels 5, awnless ; stem filiform, prostrate. ©? S. Native of Peru. S. repens, var. Cav. diss. 1. p. 7. t. 1. f. 2. Flowers yellow, with the claws lined with red. Jussieu's Sida. PL prostrate. 68 S. ALPE'STRIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 186.) leaves ovate, somewhat cordate at the base, dentately-serrate, pubescent above, but subtomentose beneath ; pedicels capillary, much longer than the petioles, racemose orpanicled; carpels 5, 2-beaked. tj.S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes on mountains. Flowers violet-purple. Like S. paniculata and S. racemosa. Alp Sida. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 69 S. MARTIAVNA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 187.) suffruticose, clammy, branched ; leaves oblong, cordate, acutish, toothed, pubescent on both surfaces ; peduncles axillary, solitary, re- flexed, longer than the petioles ; carpels 5, mutic, wrinkled, obtuse at the apex. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers rose-coloured. Var. ft, viscosissima (St. Hil. 1. c.) stem much longer, pro- cumbent, much more branched and very clammy, and the leaves much larger. Native of Brazil on mountains near Villa Rica. Martius's Sida. Shrub erect and procumbent. 70 S.DOMBEYA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 463.) leaves ovate, cor- date, toothed, hairy on both surfaces; pedicel solitary, 1 -flow- ered, longer than petioles ; carpels 5, 2-beaked ; stem filiform, prostrate. Q ? S. Native of Peru about Lima. Flowers yellow or reddish. Dombey's Sida. PI. prostrate. 71 S. HU'MIUS (Willd. spec. 3. p. 744.) leaves roundish, cordate, serrated, pilose above ; pedicels usually solitary, longer than the petioles ; carpels 5. O- S. Native of the East Indies. S. unilocularis, Lher. stirp. 1. p. 127. t. 53. S. pilosa, Retz. but not of Cav. Flowers small, yellow. Var. a; carpels awnless. S. humilis, Cav. diss. 5. t. 134. f. 2. Var. ft ; carpels rather mucronate. S. morifolia, Cav. diss. I. p. 9. t. l.f. 1. Var. y ; carpels 2-awned. S. veronicaef olia, Lam. diet. no. II. Cav. diss. 1. p. 7. t. 1. f. 3. and 5. t. 127. f. 3. Flowers whitish. Perhaps this is a distinct species. Humble Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. PL £ to 2 feet. 72 S. SUPI'NA (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 109. t. 52.) leaves roundish, cordate, bluntish, crenated, soft, velvety; pedicels solitary, 1- flowered, longer than the petioles ; carpels 5, each ending in two short horns ; stem procumbent. If. . S. Native of His- paniola in dry fields. S. ovata, Cav. diss. 6. t. 196. f. 2. S. procumbens, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1211. Flower pale- yellow, fugacious. Supine Sida. Fl. July. Aug. Clt. 1821. PL trailing. 73 S. DIFEU'SA (H.B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 257.) leaves somewhat elliptic, rounded at the apex, cordate, crenate- serrated, hairy, but hoary beneath, on long stalks ; pedicels so- litary, axillary, almost equal in length with the leaves ; carpels 5, awnless. Tj .'kS. Native of Mexico near Zelaya. Stem procumbent, branched, filiform, covered with soft hairs. Leaves 4 lines long. Flowers small, violet. .Dj^iue-branched Sida. PL trailing. 74 S. SUBCUNEA TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 184.) stem nearly simple ; leaves somewhat cuneately-oblong, hardly cordate at the base, entire at the base, obtuse and serrated at the apex, silky-villous on both surfaces ; flowers glomerate, axillary ; car- pels 5, mutic, smooth. Tj . S. Native of Brazil near Villa Rica. Flowers yellow, with a purple spot at the base of each petal. Subcuneated-leaved Sida. Fl. Jan. PL £ foot. 75 S. RUFE'SCENS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 185.) suffruticose, branched, very hairy ; leaves cordate-lanceolate, serrated, very hairy ; flowers crowded together as if they were capitate ; calyx 10-ribbed, hairy; carpels 5, smooth. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes near Formigas. Flowers orange-yellow. Rufescent Sida. Shrub 1-y foot. •76 S. FLAVE'SCENS (Willd. spec. 3. p. 755.) leaves ovate, cordate, obtuse, unequally toothed, tomentose ; pedicels in pairs; 1 -flowered, shorter than the petioles ; carpels 5, awnless. Jj.S. Native of Monte Video on rocks. S. flavescens, Cav. diss. 1. p. 14. t. 13. f. 2. S. prostrata, Cav. diss. 1. 1. 13. f. 3. Flowers reddish. Yellowish-leaved Sida. PL prostrate. 77 S. CALYCINA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 9. t. 8. f. 2.) leaves roundish, cordate, acuminated, repandly toothed; pedicels solitary, 1- flowered, longer than the petioles ; carpels 5, awnless, pear- shaped. Tj . S. Native of the Island of Bourbon. Calyx large, 5-parted. Flowers large, yellow, spreading. Large-calyxed Sida. Shrub 2 feet. 78 S. HERBA'CEA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 19. t. 13. f. 1.) leaves oblong, cordate at the base, acute, toothed, hairy ; pedicels 1- flowered, shorter than the petioles; carpels 9-10, 2-awned. G • S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers yellow. Herbaceous Sida. PL 1 foot. 79 S. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 20. t. 3. f. 6. and 6. t. 194. f. 2.) plant hairy ; leaves roundish-ovate, cordate, toothed, tomentose; pedicels solitary, 1 -flowered, much longer than the petioles; carpels 9-10, each ending in 2 long awns. ^ . S. Native of the Island of Bourbon. Awns pilose, with the hairs protruding in bundles. Flowers yellow. Round-leaved Sida. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1819. Shrub 1| foot. 80 S. BONARIE'NSIS (Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 120.) shrubby ; leaves cordate, oblong, coarsely crenated, covered with stellate pubescence above, but tomentose beneath ; pedun- cles elongated, 1 -flowered; carpels very villous, mutic. Tj . S. Native of Buenos Ayres. Perhaps a species of Abutilon. Buenos Ayrean Sida. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 81 S. MA CRODON (D. C. prod. 1. p. 464.) plant hairy ; leaves roundish, cordate, coarsely crenated ; pedicels solitary or twin, 1-flowered, 4-times longer than the petioles ; carpels 10, awn- less. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers white, flesh-coloured, rose-coloured, or scarlet. Long-toothed-\ea.ve2 • S. Native of St. Domingo and Porto-Rico in bushy places by the sea-side. Flowers small, yellow. Pyramidal-dowered Sida. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1830. Sh. 2 ft. 103 S. MICRA'NTHA (Cambess. pi. us. bras. no. 49. St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 190.) upper leaves subcordate, acute, unequally toothed, tomentose on both surfaces ; flowers small, disposed in compound glomerate racemes ; carpels 5, 2-beaked, pubescent on the back. J? • S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. The shoots of this plant being very pliable are used by the inhabitants of Brazil for rocket-sticks. Flowers red ? 496 MALVACEAE. "XXVII. SIDA. Small-flowered Sida. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 104 S. DUMOSA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1209.) leaves cor- date, ovate, acuminated, serrated, smooth ; peduncles many- flowered, forming a panicle ; carpels 5-6, roundish, roughish from very minute, stellate tomentum. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica and St. Domingo, in bushy places. Flowers pale yellow. Bushy Sida. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1818. Shrub 2 feet. 105 S. FLORIBU'NDA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 258.) leaves cordate, ovate-oblong, acuminated, serrate, villous, brownish beneath ; racemes axillary ; carpels 5, awnless. fy . S. Native of New Granada in arid places. Shrub very branchy ; branches clothed with rusty tomentum. Pedicels capillary. Flower small, violet-coloured. Bundle-flmvered Sida. Fl. July, Sept. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 106 S. ATROSANGUI'NEA (Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 136.) shrubby ; branches pilose with simple hairs ; leaves cordate, ovate, acu- minated, serrated, rather villous ; peduncles sub-corymbose, few flowered; petals reflexed ; calyx nerveless ; carpels 5, 2-beaked. f; . S. Native of South America. S. capillaris. Cav. diss. 1. p. 16. et 10. t. 12. Corolla small, dark-purple. Dark-bloody-ftoviered Sida. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1795. Shrub 4 feet. 107 S. PANICULA'TA (Lin. spec. 962.) stem beset with forked hairs ; leaves ovate-cordate, toothed, acuminated, puberulous from starry tomentum beneath ; peduncles loosely panicled ; capillary long ; calyxes nerveless ; carpels 5, each ending in two short beaks. $ . S. Native of Jamaica, Peru, and Brazil, on calcareous rocks. S. paniculata, Cav. diss. 1. p. 16. Flowers dark-purple, but yellow according to Cav. Pamcfed-flowered-Sida. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1795. PI. 2 ft. 108 S. VELUTINA (Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 115.) shrubby, pilose ; leaves subcordate. ovate, obtuse, crenate, to- mentose on both surfaces ; peduncles sub-racemose, and are as well as the calyxes very villous ; carpels 2-awned. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Perhaps a species of Abutilon. Velvety Sida. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 109 S. PELLI'TA (Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 115. but not of Kunth,) shrubby ; branches spreading ; leaves nearly ses- sile, cordate, oblong, acute, serrated, covered with brown villi on both surfaces ; peduncles capillary, racemose, elongated ; flowers dioecious; carpels 2-awned. f;. S. Native of New Granada. Flowers probably yellow. Clad Sida. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 110 S. NERVO'SA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 465,) leaves cordate, acu- minated, toothed, puberulous from starry down ; peduncles panicled; calyxes nerved; carpels 5, 2-beaked. fj ? S. Native of St. Domingo. Flowers yellow. ^Verued-calyxed Sida. Shrub 2 feet. *. * * * Palmatilobatj . S. Native of New Holland. Hook, bot. mag. t. 2753. Flowers white. Carpels 2-seeded. The plant figured in Bot. Mag. may be a distinct species, the racemes being much shorter than the petioles, and the carpels not evi- dently 2-awned. Neat Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub 2 feet. 22 A. LIGNOSUM (Cav. diss. 1. p. 28. t. 6. f. 2. under Sida,) leaves roundish, cordate, acuminate, crenate, tomentose ; pedi- cels solitary, longer than the petioles ; carpels 7-8, awnless, 3- seeded, very hard. Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Flowers yellow. Stem hard. Woody-fruited Abutilon. Shrub 3 feet. 23 A. OBTU SUM (Cav. diss. 1. p. 34. t. 9. f. 2. under Sida,) leaves cordate, ovate, obtuse, toothed, tricuspidate ; peduncles usually 4-flowered, umbellate, longer than the petioles ; carpels 8-10, acute, 3-seeded. Jj . S. Native of ? Flowers pale-yellow. Blunt-\eaved Abutilon. Shrub 3 feet. 24 A. RAMOSUM (Cav. diss. 1. p. 28. t. 6. f. 1. under SiJa,) leaves ovate, cordate, unequally and deeply toothed ; peduncles axillary, 4-6-flowered ; carpels 5-6, 2-awned, 3-seeded. Native of Senegal and other parts of Guinea. S. Africana, Beauv. fl. d. ow. 2. t. 116. Flowers yellow. Branched Abutilon. Fl. July. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 25 A. UMBELLA'TUM (Lin. spec. 962. under Sida,) leaves roundish, cordate, toothed, rather angular, acuminate ; pedun- cles usually 4-flowered, umbellate, axillary; carpels 6-11, 2- awned, 3-seeded. ©. S. Native of Jamaica. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 56. Cav. diss, 1. t. 6. f. 3. and 5. 1. 129. f. 2. Flowers yellow. Peduncles somewhat 6-7-flowered. Umbellate-flowered Abutilon. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1788. PI. 1^ foot. 26 A. GIGANTE'UM (Jacq. Schcenbr. 2. p. 8. t. 141. under Sida,) leaves roundish, cordate, crenate, tricuspidate, white and velvety on both surfaces ; flowers racemose ; corollas reflexed ; carpels 5, many-seeded, villous. fj . S. Native of Caraccas. Carpels 8-12, according to Jacquin. Flowers yellow. Giant Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 10 ft. 27 A. E'LEGANS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 207.) stem hairy; leaves oblong, cordate, acuminated, unequally toothed, velvety- tomentose beneath and hoary ; pedicels axillary, twin, hairy ; ovary 8-celled; cells 4-9-seeded. ^. S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of Rio Janeiro and Minas Geraes. Flowers red? Elegant Abutilon. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. * * Polycarpce. Carpels or cells 9 or more. 28 A. REFLE'XUM (Cav. diss. 1. p. 36. t. 7. and 6. t. 195. f. 1. under Sida,) leaves roundish, cordate, acuminate, crenate, tomentose ; pedicels solitary, longer than the petioles ; petals wedge-shaped, toothed at the apex, reflexed; carpels 12, 3- seeded. ^ . S. Native of Peru in sandy places. S. retrorsa, Lher. stirp. 1. t. 64. Flowers large, scarlet, with a dusky spot at the base of each petal. Re/lexed-petalled Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1799. Sh. 4ft. 29 A. PEDUNCULA'RE (H. B. et Kuiitli, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 273.) leaves roundish-ovate, acuminate, profoundly cordate, repandly-toothed, hairy above, hoary from soft tomentum beneath ; pedicels solitary, very long; petals oblong-spatulate, reflexed ; carpels about 20, 3-4-seeded. Fj . S. Native of South America in shady places on the banks of the river Amazon. Sida pedun- cularis, D. C. prod. 1. p. 469. Flowers purple. Long fiower-stalked Abutilon. Shrub 4 feet. 30 A. MICROSPE'RMUM (Cav. diss. 1. p. 29. t. 13. f. 4. under Sida,) leaves roundish, cordate, acute, rather crenate ; pedicels solitary, shorter than the petioles; carpels 12-13, 2-3-seeded, each ending in two fringed beaks. ^ • S. Native of? Flowers yellow. Seeds very small. Small-seeded Abutilon. Shrub 2 feet. 31 A. UMBELLI'FERUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 204.) stem suf- fruticose, terete, densely tomentose ; leaves cordate at the base, abruptly acuminated, velvety-pubescent above, but hoary and to- mentose beneath ; flowers in umbels on the tops of long pedun- cles; capsule villous, 1 2- 13-celled,with an equal number of beaks; cells 3-seeded. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Grande do Sul. Flowers pinkish. Umbelliferous Abutilon. Shrub 7 to 8 feet. 32 A. ESCUIE'NTUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 204.) stem shrubby, terete, tomentose with grey hairs ; leaves cordate, acuminated, toothed, puberulous above, and tomentose beneath ; flowers axil- lary, solitary ; cells of capsule 3-seeded. Pj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro, where it is called Bencao de Deos, and where the inhabitants dress and eat the flowers with their viands. Flowers purple. St. Hil. pi. us. bras. no. 51. Esculent-fiovtered Abutilon. Fl. Sept. Shrub 7 to 8 feet. 33 A. CA'RNEUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 205.) stem suffruti- cose, terete, tomentose from rufescent hairs ; leaves cordate, 502 MALVACEAE. XXVIII. ABUTILON. acuminated, toothed, puberulous above, but clothed with white tomentum beneath ; flowers solitary, terminal ; capsule tomen- tose, 10-horned, 10-celled ; cells 4-9-seeded. fy . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. Flowers flesh-coloured. .FfesA-coloured-flowered Abutilon. Fl. Sept. Shrub 1 to 3 ft. 34 A. IMBE'RBE (D.C. prod. 1. p. 469. under Sida,) leaves cor- date, acute, crenulate, white and velvety on both surfaces, upper leaves almost sessile ; pedicels solitary, 3 -times longer than the petioles ; carpels 12-13, a little inflated, rather scabrous, or ciliat- ed, awnless. Native of Guadaloupe and St. Domingo. Resem- bles A. crispum, Lin. Flowers yellow. Beardless Abutilon. Shrub 2 feet. 35 A. RUFB'SCENS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 205. t. 42.) stem shrubby, tomentose, rusty ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, obtuse at the base, acuminated at the apex, toothed, smooth above, tomen- tose beneath ; flowers corymbose ; capsule subglobose, very villous, mutic, 13-16-celled; cells 4-9-seeded. Jj.S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow. Var. ft, confertum (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 206.) leaves lanceolate, sublinear, more crowded and smooth than in var. a. Brazil at Villa Rica. Rufescent Abutilon. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 36 A. CRI'SPUM (Lin. spec. 964. under Sida,) leaves cordate, acuminate, crenated, rather tomentose, upper ones sessile ; pedi- cels solitary, longer than the petioles, when in fruit deflexed ; carpels 12-13, 3-seeded, inflated, awnless, undulately-curled with a hairy keel. (•)• S. Native of Carolina, New Spain, Providence, Bahama Islands and Peru by the sea-coast. — Dill, elth. t.5. f. 5.— Cav. diss. 1. p. 30. t. 7. f. 1. and 5. t. J35. f. 2. S. amplexicaulis, Lam. diet. l.p. 7. Flowers white, small. Curled-fruited Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1726. PI. 1 ft. 37 A. AMPLEXIFOLIUM (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 469. under Sida,) leaves cordate, acuminate, crenated, upper ones sessile, stem-clasping ; panicle terminal, many-flowered. If. . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers yellow. Fruit-bearing pedicels erect. Clasping-leaved Abutilon. PI. 1 foot. 38 A. RIVULA'RE (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 202.) stem sufFruti- cose, terete, tomentose ; leaves cordate, oblong, obtuse, toothed, tomentose; flowers umbellate; capsule very villous, mutic, 10- 1 2-celled ; cells 3-seeded. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Cisplatine on the banks of a rivulet called Rio del Same. Flowers red. Rivulet Abutilon. Fl. Dec. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 39 A. VIRGA'TUM (Cav. icon. 1. p. 53. t. 73. under Sida,) leaves cordate, ovate, acuminated, serrated, puberulous ; pedicels solitary, longer than the petioles ; petals shorter than the calyx ; carpels 7-9, 2-awned, 3-seeded. ^ . S. Native of Peru. Flowers yellow. Twiggy Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub 3 ft. 40 A. MICRA'NTHUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. l.p. 208.) leaves cor- date, acuminated, toothed, tomentose beneath ; flowers large, racemosely-glomerated ; capsule globose, mutic, very villous, 1 2-celled ; cells 4-9-seeded. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Small-Jlonered Abutilon. Shrub 2 to 6 feet. 41 A. ARBOREUM (Lin. fil. suppl. 397. Lher. stirp. p. 131.' t. 63. under Sida,) leaves orbicular, cordate, acuminate, cre- nated, tomentose; stipulas ciliated; pedicels longer than the leaves; carpels 13-15, truncate, villous, 5-seeded. Tj . S. Native of Peru. S. Peruviana, Cav. diss. 1. p. 36. t. 7. f. 8. and 5. t. 130. S. grandifolia, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 31. Flowers large, sulphur-coloured, or nearly white. Tree Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1772. Tree 12 feet. 42 A. MONTA'NUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 207.) stem shrubby, terete, branched, pubescent ; leaves cordate, acuminated, serrate, puberulous above, tomentose, and much paler beneath ; flowers axillary, solitary, and twin ; capsule villous, mutic, 1 0-celled ; cells 4-9-seeded. Jj . S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of Rio Janeiro and Minas Geraes. Flowers purple. Mountain Abutilon. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 43 A. MAURITIA'NUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 1. 1. 137. under Sida,) leaves -roundish, cordate, acuminate, toothed, tomentose beneath ; pedicels longer than the petioles ; carpels 30, 3-seeded, trun- cated, beaked, villous, longer than the calyx. Tj . S. Native of the Mauritius. S. plan! flora, Cav. diss. l.p. 32. t. 7. f. 4. and 5. t. 135. f. 1. Flowers orange-coloured. Mauritian Abutilon. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1 789. Sh. 3 ft. 44 A. ATROPURPU'REUM (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea, 1. p. 652. under Sida,) leaves orbicularly-cordate, acuminated, unequally crenate, pubescent above from simple and stellate hairs, tomentose beneath ; stipulas leafy, unequally cordate ; panicle terminal ; pedicels much shorter than the petioles ; car- pels about 10, truncate, acuminated, longer than the calyx. T? • S. Native of Java. Flowers dark-purple. Dark-purple-flowered Abutilon. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 45 A. GLOBIFLORUM (Hook, bot. mag. 2821. under Sida,) smooth ; leaves on long stalks, cordate, serrated, tapering much at the apex and entire ; peduncles solitary, length of petioles ; calyx truncate at the base ; corolla subglobose. *? . S. Native of the Mauritius. Stamens collected into a globe at the top of the tube, exserted beyond the corolla. Style tipped by 10 capitate stigmas. Carpels 10. Flowers large, globose, cream- coloured. This is certainly a species of Periptera, or a new genus. Globe-flowered Abutilon. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1825. Sh. 4 to 5 fl. 46 A. TILIJEFOLIUM (Fisch. cat. hort. goren. 1808. D. C. prod. 1. p. 470. under Sida,) leaves roundish, cordate, with a broad recess, acuminate, toothed, soft, pubescent ; pedicels shorter than the petioles; carpels 15, hairy, 2-awned. 0. G. Native of China and Thibet. Willd. enum. 722. Jacq. fil. eccl. 1. f. 35. Flowers yellow. Leaves large. Lime-tree-leaved Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. 2 feet. 47 A. MU'TICUM (Delil. ill. aeg. no. 633. under Sida,) leaves orbicular, cordate, somewhat acuminated, coarsely toothed, clothed with soft tomentum on both surfaces ; pedicels shorter than the petioles ; carpels 25-30, hairy, awnless, scarcely longer than the calyx. Native of Upper Egypt. Flowers yellow. ^nrnfess-capsuled Abutilon. PI. 1 foot. 48 A. CIRCINNA'TUM (Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 119. under Sida,) shrubby ; leaves roundish, cordate, acutish, nearly entire, tomentose; peduncles 1 -flowered, elongated; capsule bladdery. ^ . S. Native of South America near the river Amazon. Flowers probably yellow. Circinnate-\ea.ved Abutilon. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 49 A. SPECIOSUM (Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 119. under Sida,) shrubby ; leaves cordate, acuminated, crenately- serrate, stellately-tomentose ; stipulas obsolete ; peduncles twin, elongated, 1 -flowered; carpels mutic. Tj.S. Native of Brazil and Cumana. Flowers rose-coloured. Perhaps a species of Sida. Sheny Abutilon. Shrub 4 feet ? 50 A. AMERICA'NUM (Lin. spec. 963. under Sida,) leaves cordate, oblong, undivided, tomentose ; pedicels shorter than the leaves ; carpels 12, tomentose, acuminated, length of the calyx. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica. Flowers large, yellow. American Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1733. Sh. 6 ft. 51 A. AVICE'NNJE (Gaert. ex D. C. prod. 1. p. 469.) leaves roundish, cordate, acuminated, toothed, tomentose ; pednncles shorter than the petioles ; carpels 15, truncate, 2-beaked, hairy, 3-seeded. ©• H. Native of the South of France, Switzerland, and both Indies. In North America from Pennsylvania to Carolina MALVACEAE. XXVIII. ABUTILON. 503 in cultivated ground. Sida Abutilon, Lin. spec. 963. Houtt. syst. 8. t. 61. Schkuhr. handb. t. 190. Flowers deep yellow. Avicenna's Abutilon. Fl. Julys Aug. Clt. 1596. PI. 3 or 4 feet. 52 A. PAUCIFLORUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 206.) stem suffru- ticose, terete, hairy ; leaves roundish, heart-shaped, acuminated, unequally toothed, velvety on both surfaces, hoary beneath ; flowers axillary, solitary ; capsule villous, 12-13-horned, 12- 13-celled; cells 4-9-seeded. fj . S. Native of Brazil in the southern part of the province of Cisplatine. Flowers red. Few-flowered Abutilon. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 53 A. JACQUINI ; leaves cordate, undivided, acuminate, cre- nated, downy; peduncles length of petioles ; carpels 10, 3- seeded. O- S. Native of Jamaica. Sida abutiloides, Jacq. obs. 1. p. 17. t. 7. Lavatera Americana, Lin. spec. 973. Flowers yellow. Jacquin's Abutilon. PI. 4 feet. 54 A. ASIA'TICUM (Lin. spec. 964. under Sida,) leaves cor- date, ovate-oblong, toothed, velvety ; pedicels longer than the petioles ; carpels 20, 3-seeded, truncated, acute, almost equal in length with the calyx, woolly. O- S. Native of the East Indies. Cav. diss. 1. p. 31. t. 7. f. 2. and 5. t. 128. f. 1. Lher. stirp. p. 130. Flowers small, yellow. Asiatic Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1768. PI. 2 feet. 55 A. SONNERATIA'NUM (Cav. diss. 1. p. 29. t. 6. f. 4. under Sida,) leaves roundish, cordate, acuminated, toothed, tomentose ; peduncles solitary, longer than the leaves ; carpels 9, 3-seeded, truncate, obtuse, longer than the calyx. $ 1 S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Resembles A. Asidticum. Flowers yellow. Sonnerat's Abutilon. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1806. PI. 2 ft. 56 A. CISTIFLORUM (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 652. under Sida,) leaves ovate, cordate, acuminated, crenate- toothed, clothed with white tomentum ; peduncles axillary, soli- tary, 1 -flowered, twice the length of the petioles; carpels 10-13, obtuse, villous; stipulas setaceous, spreading. Like Sida disticha, Flowers probably yellow. Cistus-flowered Abutilon. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 57 A. IBARUE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 272.) leaves roundish, profoundly cordate, acuminate, on long stalks, crenate-toothed, clothed with very soft tomentum, hoary above, and white beneath ; peduncles axillary, 2-flowered. Tj . S. Native of Quito in South America. Flowers pale yellow. Sida Ibarr£nsis, D. C. prod. 1. p. 470. Cells of capsule 3-seeded. Ibarra Abutilon. Shrub 6 feet. 58 A. PETIOLA'RE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec. amer. I. c.) leaves roundish, profoundly cordate, acuminate, on long stalks, doubly toothed, soft, pubescent above, but clothed with white tomentum beneath; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered ; carpels II, truncate and angular at the apex, 3-4-seeded. Tj . S. Native of New Granada. Sida petiolaris. D. C. prod. 1. p. 478. Flowers white, the size of those of A. Jacc/uini, Long leaf-stalked Abutilon. Shrub 4 feet. 59 A. GEMINIFLORUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec, amer. 5. p. 274. t. 474.) leaves ovate, cordate, acuminated, crenate-serrate, hairy ; pedicels axillary, twin, 1- flowered ; flowers with 13 styles ; calyxes clothed with rusty tomentum. Tj.. S. Native of Caraccas. Sida geminiflora, D. C. prod. 1. p. 470. Resembles A. sylvdticum, but differs in having 4 ovulse in each cell. Flowers from white to yellow. Twin-flowered Abutilon. PL 1 to 2 feet. 60 A. POPULIFOLIUM (Lam. diet. 1. p. 7. under Sida,) leaves roundish, cordate, acuminate, unequally and repandly toothed, tomentose; peduncles longer than the petioles ; carpels 11-19, 3-seeded, truncate, acute, longer than the calyx. O. S. Native of the East Indies. Beloere, Rheed. mal. 6. t. 45. S. Beloere, Lher. stirp. 1. p. 130. S. populifolia, Cav. diss. 1. p. 32. t. 7. f. 9. S. heteromischos, Cav. diss. 2. p. 55. and 5. p. 275. t. 128. f. 2. Flowers yellow. Stem dark purple. Poplar-leaved Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PL 2 to 6 feet. 61 A. HI'RTUM (Lam. diet. 1. p. 7. under Sida,) leaves roundish, cordate, acuminate, toothed, clothed with white tomentum be- neath ; peduncles longer than the petioles ; carpels 15-17, trun- cate, acute, shorter than the calyx. O- S. Native of the East Indies. — Rumph. amb. 4. t. 10 ? S. pilosa, Lher. stirp. 1. p. 130.- Branches hairy with pili, but much less so than in the fol- lowing species. Flowers pale-yellow. Hairy Abutilon. FL July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PL 3 feet. 62 A. MOLLE (Ort. dec. p. 65.) leaves cordate, orbicular, acuminate, unequally crenate-toothed, clothed with soft pubes- cence ; peduncles 1 -2-flowered, shorter than the petioles ; car- pels 8-10, 3-seeded, mucronate, acuminated, a little longer than the calyx ; branches very hairy. Tj . S. Native of Peru. Hook. bot. mag. 2759. S. grandifolia, Willd. enum. p. 724. Flowers yellow, rather large. Soft-leaved Abutilon. Fl. Nov. Dec. Clt. 1816. Shrub 10 to 20 feet. 63 A. MOLLI'SSIMUM (Cav. diss. 2. p. 49. t. 14. f. 1.) leaves large, roundish, cordate, acuminate, toothed, velvety ; peduncles usually 2-flowered, shorter than the petioles ; carpels 11, trun- cate, 3-seeded, bidentate, equal in length with the 10-angled calyx, fy . S. Native of Peru in woods near the river Marag- non. S. cistiflora, Lher. stirp. 1. p. 127. t. 61. Corolla sul- phur-coloured, a little longer than the calyx. Stem tomentose. Fery-so/i-leaved Abutilon. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1789. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 64 A. PU'LCHRUM (Coll. hort. rip. p. 129. t. 34. under Sida,) stem erect, and is as well as the petioles very villous ; leaves orbicularly cordate, unequally toothed, somewhat 3-lobed at the apex ; peduncles solitary, 1 -flowered, shorter than the petioles ; carpels 10-12, globose, aggregate, mutic, 3-seeded. T? . S. Native of the island of St. Martha. Flowers elegant, yellow, with a dark centre. Fair Abutilon. FL July, Aug. Clt. 1826. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 65 A. EXSTIPULA'RE (Cav. diss. 2. p. 56. t. 14. f. 2.) leaves ovate, cordate, acuminate, tomentose, without stipulas ; pedicels solitary, shorter than the petioles ; carpels 30, truncate, awnless, shorter than the calyx, 1 -3-seeded. J? • S. Native of the island of Bourbon. Flowers yellow. Exstipular Abutilon. Shrub 3 feet. 66 A. TRUNCA'TUM (Cav. diss. 1. p. 35. t. 6. f. 7.) leaves roundish, cordate, truncate and obtuse at the apex, toothed, to- mentose ; pedicels longer than the petioles ; carpels 9, awnless. O- S. Native of St. Domingo. Carpels 1, or perhaps many- seeded. Flowers sulphur-coloured. Truncate-capsuled Abutilon. PL 2 feet. 67 A. TERMINABLE (Cav. diss. 1. p. 29. t. 6. and 6. 1. 195. f. 2. under Sida,) leaves ovate, cordate, deeply crenate, tomentose ; racemes terminal, elongated, bracteate ; carpels 10-12, awnless, villous, capitate, larger than the calyx, 3-seeded. Tj . S. Native near Monte- Video, &c. Flowers yellowish, rose-coloured on the outside. St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 203. Terminal-flowered Abutilon. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 68 A. AFFI'NE (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 121. under Sida,) shrubby ; leaves cordate, oblong, crenate-toothed, hoary-tomentose be- neath ; peduncles terminal, corymbose ; calyx silky ; capsule villous, mutic. Jj . S. Native of Monte Video. Allied Abutilon. Shrub. 69 A. PERMOLLE (Willd. enum. p. 725. under Sida,) leaves roundish, cordate, acuminate, unequally crenate, tomentose ; peduncles axillary, solitary, upper ones somewhat racemose ; 504 MALVACEAE. XXVIII. ABUTILON. XXIX. NUTTALLIA. carpels 9-10, beaked, almost equal in length with the calyx, 3-seeded. Fj . S. Native of? Flowers yellow. Softest-leaved Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. Shrub 7 to 8 feet. 70 A. GRANDJFLORUM ; erect, branched, pubescent ; leaves cordate, lobately-toothed, roundish, on very long petioles ; pe- duncles solitary, 1 -flowered ; carpels numerous, pubescent. Tj . S. Native of Guinea. Flowers large, yellow. Great-flowered Abutilon. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 71 A. CORNU'TUM (Willd. enum. p. 724. under Siila,) leaves ovate, cordate, toothed, clothed with soft pubescence on both surfaces ; flowers panicled ; carpels inflated, horned. Tj . S. Native of South America. Flowers yellow. Cells of capsule 5-6, 3-seeded. This plant belongs to section Oligocdrpce, Horned-capsuled Abutilon. Shrub 1 0 feet. 72 A. PUBE'SCENS (Cav. diss. 1. p. 33. t. 7. f. 6. under Sida,) pilose ; leaves roundish, cordate, acuminate, angularly-crenate, tomentose ; pedicels longer than the petioles ; carpels 15, bi- dentate, truncate, larger than the calyx, 3-seeded. Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Flowers whitish. Pubescent Abutilon. PI. 3 feet. 73 A. ORBICULA'TCM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 471. under Sida,) leaves ovately-orbicular, somewhat kidney-shaped, toothed, hoary beneath ; pedicels longer than petioles ; carpels 13, younger ones tomentose, blunt, adult ones smooth, bidentate. ^ . G. Native of China. Flowers yellow ? Orbicular-leaved Abutilon. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub 3 feet. 74 A. I'NDICUM (Lin. spec. 964, under Sida,) leaves cordate, somewhat lobed, soft ; stipulas reflexed ; pedicels erect, 3 times longer than the petioles; carpels 13-15, 3-seeded, scabrous, longer than the calyx. Q. S. Native of the East Indies. Cav. diss. 1. p. 33. t. 7. f. 10. Abutilon elongation, Mcench. Flowers yellow. Indian Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1739. PI. 2 feet. 75 A. VESICA'RIUM (Cav. diss, 2. p. 55. 1. 14. f. 3. under Sida,) leaves ovate, cordate, toothed, somewhat tricuspidate, white be- neath ; pedicels twice as long as the petioles ; carpels 10, trun- cate, awnless, acutish, 5-seeded. J?. S. Native of Mexico. Flowers yellow. Bladdery- capsuled Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. Shrub 3 feet. 76 A. GLAU'CUM (Cav. icon. 1. p. 8. t. 11. under Sida,) leaves roundish, cordate, acuminate, coarsely toothed, clothed with soft glaucous tomentum ; lower pedicels shorter than the petioles, upper ones longer ; carpels 12-15, obtuse, shorter than the calyx; stem beset with glandular hairs, fj . S. Native of Senegal. Flowers yellow. Carpels 1 -3-seeded. G7a«cous-leaved Abutilon. Fl.Jul. Aug. Clt. 1824. Sh. 3ft.? 77 A. A'LBIDUM (Willd. enum. p. 722. under Sida,) leaves roundish, cordate, acuminate, toothed, hoary on both surfaces from soft tomentum ; pedicels length of petioles; carpels 12-15, truncate, acute, almost equal in length with the calyx. 1? . G. Native of the Canary Islands. Sida, no. 340. Bory. ess. isl. fort. Pedicels sometimes shorter, sometimes longer than the petioles. Flowers yellow. Carpels hairy, many-seeded ? Whitish-leaved Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. Shrub 2 feet. 78 A. CRASSIFOLIUM (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 125. t. 60. under Sida,) leaves ovate, cordate, toothed, rather tricuspidate, hoary with tomentum ; pedicels length of petioles ; carpels 9-10, 2-pointed, 3-seeded. Tj . S. Native of Hispaniola. S. tricuspidata, Cav. icon. p. 30. t. 6. f. 5. Flowers yellow. Far. ft, tomentbsum (Cav. descr. 164.) branches 3 or 4-sided. Native of America. Thick-leaved Abutilon. Shrub 2 feet. 79 A. MOLLI'COMUM (Willd. enum. p. 725. under Sida,) leaves ovate-oblong, cordate, unequally toothed, tricuspidate, clothed with very soft tomentum ; pedicels shorter than the petioles ; carpels 9, acuminate, inflated. T; . S. Native ? S. sericea, Cav. descr. p. 164. Flowers yellow. Carpels 2-seeded. Soft-haired Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub 4 ft. 80 A. VITIFOLIUM (Cav. icon. 5. p. 12. t. 420. under Sida,) leaves cordate, 5-7-lobed ; lobes acuminate, serrate, tomentose beneath ; peduncles longer than the petioles, branched, umbellate ; carpels 9, 6-seeded, each with 2 long awns at the apex. T; . G. Native of Chili. Flowers large, rose-coloured. Vine-leaved Abutilon. Shrub 6 feet. 81 A. ACERIFOLIUM (Lag. nov. gen. p. 21. under Sida,) leaves cordate, somewhat peltate, 3-5-lobed, unequally toothed, villous; pedicels 1-flowered, longer than the petioles ; carpels 10-12, in- flated, each with 2 awns at the base on the outside. Tj . S. Native of New Spain. S. spinifex, and perhaps S. palmata of Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex D. C. The whole plant is hispid. Flowers blue. Maple-leaved Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 82 A. RI'GIDUM ; erect, branched; leaves oval, obtuse, usually acuminated, unequally serrated on short petioles, white beneath from pubescence ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, equal in length to the leaves. ^ . S. Native of Guinea. Flowers large, yellow. Perhaps a species of Sida. Stiff Abutilon. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 83 A. VELUTI'NUM ; erect, branched ; leaves ovate, acute, serrated, somewhat cordate at the base, pubescent ; peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, longer than the leaves. ^ . S. Native of Guinea. Plant soft from pubescence. Perhaps a Sida. Velvety Abutilon. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. Cult. The species of Abiit'don will thrive well in any light soil, and cuttings of them will root freely in sand or mould under a hand-glass, in heat. Some of the species are rather ornamental when in flower. XXIX. NUTTA'LLIA (in honour of Thomas Nuttall, F.L.S. professor of mineralogy in the university of New Cambridge, North America, an acute botanist, author of Genera of North American Plants, &c.) Dick's mss. Hook. exot. fl. 3. t. 171. Callirrhoe, Nutt. in journ. acad. n. sc. philad. v. ii. p. 181. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx naked, quin- quefid. Anthers numerous. Stigmas numerous, filiform. Car- pels numerous, 1 -seeded, disposed in a ring or whorl around the central axis, not opening spontaneously as in Mdlva and Allhce'a, Elegant plants, with pedate leaves, and rather large reddish- purple flowers. Roots tuberous, rather fusiform. 1 N. DIGITA'TA (Dick's mss. Hook. exot. fl. t. 171.) glau- cous ; leaves subpeltate 6-7-parted, with linear-entire or 2- parted segments, upper ones more simple ; peduncles long, axil- lary, 1-flowered. I/ . H. Native of North America in prairies in the Arkansa territory. Callirrhoe digitata, Nutt. 1. c. Sida digitata, Spreng. Digitate-leaved Nuttallia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. 2 to 3 ft. 2 N. PEDA'TA (Nutt. mss. Hook. exot. fl. 3. t. 172.) leaves lacineately-pedate, upper ones trifid ; flowers panicled. y.. H. Native of North America in prairies in the Arkansa territory. Sida pedata, Spreng. This plant differs from the last in the panicled inflorescence. Pedate-leaved Nuttallia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. 2 to 3 ft. Cult. These plants deserve to be cultivated in every collec- tion on account of the elegance of their blossoms. They thrive best in peat soil mixed with sand, or vegetable mould. They may be increased by seeds, or sometimes by dividing the plants at the root. They require shelter in severe weather. MALVACEAE. XXX. LAGUNEA. XXXI. INGENHOUZIA. XXXII. EURYANTHE. BOMBACE^l. 505 XXX. LAGUNE'A (in honour of Andreas Laguna, a Spanish physician and botanist of the sixteenth century. He translated Dioscorides into Spanish). Cav. diss. 3. p. 173. D. C. syst. 1. p. 474. — Solandra, Murr. cornm. goet. 1784. Lam. ill. t. 580. but not of Swartz. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx naked, 5- cleft. Petals 5, spreading, with narrow claws. Anthers inserted on the sides and top of the tube. Stigmas 5. Capsules 5-celled, 5- valved, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve, connected with the central filiform permanent axis. This genus differs from Hibiscus as Sida does from Mdlva. Flowers axillary, solitary. 1 L. LOBA'TA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 733.) leaves cordate, 3- lobed ; lobes oval-oblong, acuminate, toothedj»with very nar- row recesses. O- H. Native of the Island of Bourbon. Solandra lobata, Murr. com. goet. 1784. p. 21. t. 1. Triguera acerifolia, Cav. diss. 1. p. 41. t. 11. f. last. Lagunae'a lobata, Cav. diss. 5. t. 136. f. 1. Hibiscus Solandra, Lher. stirp. 1. t. 49. Flowers truly monopetalous, with a 5-parted limb of a white colour ; they are disposed in something like a spike at the tops of the branches. lobed-leaved Lagunea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1787. PI. 2 ft. 2 L. ? TRI'COLOR ; pilose ; stem erect, simple ; leaves lan- ceolate, acute, rather cordate at the base. Q. S. Native of Sierra Leone. The corolla is of 5 petals of the same colour as those of Hibiscus tribnum. Perhaps a distinct genus. Three-coloured-flowered Lagunea. PI. 3- foot. 3 L. SINUA'TA (Horn. hafn. 645.) leaves cordate, 3-lobed ; lobes oblong, acuminate, toothed, with wide recesses. 0. S. Native of ? Perhaps a variety of L. lobata. L. angulata, Hortul. Flowers purplish-white ? Scolloped-leaved Lagunea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 2 ft. 4 L. TERNA'TA (Cav. diss. 5. p. 279. t. 136. f. 2. under So- Idndra,} lower leaves 3-parted ; lobes oblong, entire, middle one very long; upper leaves somewhat halbert-shaped, elongated. Q. S. Native of Senegal. Stem villous. Zerna/e-leaved Lagunea. PL 1 foot. 5 L. ACULEATA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 173. t. 71. f. 1.) leaves 3- parted, with oblong-linear, deeply-toothed lobes ; stem prickly, tomentose. 0 ? S. Native of Pondichery. Flowers yellow. Stigmas red. Calyx ruptured longitudinally. This plant is called Cattacacheree by the inhabitants of Pondichery. Prickly Lagunea. PL 1^ foot. Cult. Not worth cultivating except in botanical gardens. The seeds require to be sown on a moderate hot-bed, and when the plants are of sufficient size they should be shifted into other pots, and then placed in the green-house or planted out in the open border in a sheltered situation. XXXI. INGENHOUZIA (Ingenhouze, a Mexican bo- tanist.) Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 474. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx naked, 3- parted into ovate-lanceolate, acuminate lobes. Petals 5, with a campanulate urceolus on the inside of the petals. Stamens in- definite, monadelphous. Style 1. Fruit unknown. 1 I. TRI'LOBA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 474.) $ , G. Native of Mexico. Herb resembling in habit Gossypium. Leaves stalked, 3-lobed ; lobes ovate-lan- ceolate, acute, entire. Pedicels L-flowered, opposite the leaves. Flowers yellowish-red. Three-lobed-leaved Ingenhousia. PI. 2 feet ? Cult. The seeds of this plant will require to be raised on a hot- bed frame, and when the plants are of sufficient size they should be separated and planted singly in other pots, and after they have VOL. i. — PART vi. recovered this shifting, they may then be placed in the stove or greenhouse, where they will ripen their seed. XXXII. EURYA'NTHE (from evpvt, eurys, wide, and f, anthos, a flower,) Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 206. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, di- vided nearly to the base. Petals 5, twisted in aestivation. Sta- mens indefinite, free ; filaments hardly connected at the base, unequal ; anthers linear, 2-celled, fixed by the base, opening longitudinally. Ovary superior, egg-shaped, 3-celIed, many- seeded, fixed to the central column. Style simple, deciduous, terminated by a simple stigma. Fruit 3-celled, 3-valved ; valves with a dissepiment in the middle. — A malvaceous herb, with alternate digitately-parted leaves. This genus is allied to Gera- niacece, but more closely to Malvaceae, but it differs materially in the anthers being 2-celled, a circumstance which excludes it from that order as it is now constituted. 1 E. SCHIEDIANA (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c.) O? I/- G. Native of Mexico. Stipulas free. Racemes secund. Flowers large, flame- coloured. Schiedes Euryanthe. PL 1 foot. Cult. This plant will grow in a mixture of loam and sand, and it may either be increased by seed, or by cuttings, planted under a hand-glass. ORDER XXXI. BOMBA'CE^E (plants agreeing with Bom- bax, in many important characters,) Kunth, diss. malv. p. 5. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 294. D. C. prod. 1. p. 475. Calyx naked at the base or involucrated with a few bracteas (f. 87. a.). Sepals 5, joined together into an urceolate-campanu- late tube (f. 87. &.), sometimes truncate at the apex, sometimes ir- regularly imbricated, sometimes somewhat valvately-connate, and bursting laterally ; the aestivation is therefore doubtful. Petals 5, regular (f. 87. c.) or wanting, when present they are usually convolute in aestivation, but sometimes imbricate. Stamens 5 ? 10- 15 or more ; filaments adnate to the base of the tube of the petals, but separated into 5 bundles (f. 87. ./.); bundles containing 1 or many anthers, sometimes intermixed with a few sterile threads. Anthers 1-celled. Ovary of 5, rarely of 10 carpels, sometimes these are nearly distinct, sometimes so closely connected as to ap- pear a single fruit (f. 86. /. f. 87. g.), opening variously. Styles distinct, more or less connected together. Fruit of various shapes. Seeds enveloped in wool or pulp, some of them are without albumen ; these have corrugated or convolute cotyle- dons, but those furnished with albumen have flat cotyledons. This order is very closely allied to Malvaceae, from which per- haps it is not distinct; it agrees with it in the 1-celled anthers, in the petals being usually convolute, and in habit, but differs from it in the calyx being imbricate, not truly valvate, in the staminiferous tube being divided into 5 bundles or sets at the apex, not monadelphous, as in that order. It comes also near to Byttneriaceee and Chlenacece in habit, but it is easily distin- guished from these two orders in the anthers being 1-celled, not 2-celled. The species are fine tropical trees and shrubs. Some of them are amongst the largest trees in the world ; Adansdnia digitata, the Baobab of Senegal, or Monkey-bread of the English colonies on the coast of Guinea, has been seen with a 3 T 506 BOMBACE^E. I. HELICTERES. diameter of 25 feet, although the height is not great, at most 20 or 30 feet high, and specimens of Bombax celba, Eriodendron anfractuosum and Guineensis, and other species are not uncom- mon above 100 feet in height. The wood of all the plants con- tained in this order is soft and light, as in Malvaceae, from which this order probably does not differ in its medical properties. Synopsis of the Genera. 1 HELI'CTERES. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft. Stamens 5 to 15, monadelphous, but multifid at the apex. Ovary stipitate. Styles 5, joined at the base. Carpels 5, 1-celled, many-seeded, twisted or straight. Leaves simple. 2 MYRO'DIA. Calyx tubular, 4-5-toothed, bursting laterally. Column of stamens long. Anthers 10-15. Capsule drupace- ous, 2-3-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. Leaves simple. 3 PLAGIA'NTHUS. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, 2 of which are approximate, remote from the rest. Stigma clavate. Berry ? Leaves simple. 4 MATI'SIA. Calyx irregularly 2-5-toothed, bursting. Co- lumn of stamens cleft into 5 at die apex, each division contain- ing 12 anthers, all on the outer side. Drupe ovate, 5-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. Leaves simple. 5 POURRE'TIA. Calyx 5-parted, campanulate. Column of stamens 5-cleft at the apex. Capsule coriaceous, membra- nous, 5-winged, 1-celled, indehiscent, cell 1 -seeded. Leaves entire. 6 MONTEZU'MA. Calyx hemispherical, truncate, sinuately- toothed. Stamens numerous, twisted around the style, mona- delphous, with 5 distinct furrows. Capsule globose, 4-5-celled ; cells many-seeded. Leaves entire. 7 OPHE'LDS. Calyx 5-cleft ; lobes acute, reflexed. Stamens numerous, joined into a tube at the base, somewhat reflexed at the apex. Stigma multifid. Capsule woody, oblong-ovate, 12- celled, many-seeded. Leaves entire. 8 ADANSO'NIA. Calyx 5-parted, deciduous. Urceolus of the stamens dilated and expanded at the apex. Stigmas numerous. Capsule woody, indehiscent, 1 0-celled, many-seeded, full of fari- naceous pulp. Leaves compound. 9 CAROLI'NEA. Calyx tubular, somewhat truncate, perma- nent. Petals very long. Stamens monadelphous at the base, but divided into many 12-24-anthered bundles at the top. Stigmas 5. Capsule woody, many-valved, 1-celled, many-seeded. Seeds enveloped in aril. Leaves compound, (f. 86.). 10 BO'MBAX. Calyx subquinquefid or truncate. Petals con- nected together, and with the staminiferous column at the base. Stamens numerous, sometimes purely monadelphous, sometimes divided into 5 bundles at the apex ; filaments free. Capsule large and long, 5-celled, 5-valved ; cells many-seeded. Seeds albuminous, enwrapped in wool. Leaves compound. 11 ERIODE'KDRON. Calyx obtusely 5-lobed. Petals con- nected together, and with the staminiferous column at the base. Stamens numerous, connected at the base in a short column, but divided into 5 bundles at the apex ; bundles connected to the top, filiform, each bearing 2 or 3 anthers at the apex, linear or anfractuous, appearing like 1 anther. Leaves compound. 12 CHORI'SIA. Calyx campanulate, 2-5-lobed, furnished with 3 permanent bracteas at the base. Petals long. Tube of stamens double, the interior one slender, round, bearing 10 twin anthers, outer one short, 10-lobed, sterile, adnate to the interior above the base. Ovary sessile, ovate, 5-celled. Capsule 5- valved, 1-celled, many-seeded. Leaves compound. 13 DU'RIO. Calyx obtusely 5-lobed, girded by a 2-lobed involucel (f. 87. a. 6.). Petals connected at the base. Stamens numerous, pentadelphous. Anthers anfractuous (f. 87. d.). Stigma simple. Fruit large, round, muricated (f. 87. g.), 5-celled (f. 87. k.) ; cells 4-5-seeded, pulpy inside. Leaves simple. 14 OCHRO'MA. Calyx funnel-shaped, hardly 5-cleft, 3 round- ish, and 2 acutish. Anthers anfractuous. Stigmas 5. Capsule long, clothed on the inside with silky wool. Seeds oblong. Leaves lobed. 15 CHEIROSTE'MON. Calyx campanulate, 5-parted, decidu- ous, with 3 bracteas at the base. Petals none. Column of sta- mens 5-cleft at the apex, bearing 2 linear anthers on the back of each lobe. Capsule oblong, 5 -angled, 5-valved ; valves with a hairy dissepiment in the middle of each. Seeds carunculate, 15-18 in each cell. Albumen fleshy. Leaves lobed. I. HELI'CTERES (from !\<£ helix, a screw ; carpels twisted together in a spiral manner). Lin. gen. no. 1024. D. C. prod. 1. p. 474.). LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Penta-Decandria. Calyx tubular, somewhat 5-toothed. Petals 5, ligulate, unguiculate, a little toothed at the apex. Stamens 5-10-15, monadelphous, with the urceolus multifid at the apex, intermixed with sterile hairs. Ovary on a long stalk. Styles 5, joined at the base. Carpels 5, 1-celled, many-seeded, opening on the inside, generally regu- larly twisted together screw-wise, seldom straight. Seeds with- out albumen. Cotyledons spirally convolute. Shrubs and trees, usually clothed with stellate tomentum, with simple, un- equally-cordate leaves and few-flowered axillary peduncles. SECT. I. SPIROCARP«VA (from airupa, speira, a spire, and Kapiros, karpos, a fruit ; in allusion to the carpels being twisted together in a spiral manner). D. C. prod. 1. p. 475. Carpels twisted together, constituting a spiral, 5-furrowed, oblong, or ovate fruit. 1 H.ISORA (Lin. spec. 1366.) leaves cordate, ovate, serrate- toothed, acuminate, scabrous, tomentose beneath ; flowers axil- lary, decandrous ; fruit cylindrical, somewhat velvety, awl- shaped at the apex. Tj . S. Native of Malabar and the Moluccas. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2681. — Pluk. aim. t. 245. f. 2. —Rump. amb. 7. t. 17. f. 1 Rheed. mal. 6. p. 55. t. 30. H. Jamaic6nsis, Lam. diet. 3. p. 87. Leaves like those of the Hazel. Petals obovate, yellow. This plant is called Isora-murri. by the inhabitants of Malabar. Isora Screw-tree. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1733. Shrub 12 ft. 2 H. ROXBU'ROHII ; leaves broad, obovate-roundish, acumin- ated, toothed, tomentose beneath as well as the branches ; pedi- cels 2-3 together, short, axillary ; petals reflexed. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. H. Isora, Roxb. but not of Lin. Flowers red. Peduncles twin, very short, bearing 2-3 pedicels. Roxburgh's Screw-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 3 H. ovA'iA(Lam. St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 273.) decandrous; leaves ovate or subcordate, with a short acumen, biserrate- toothed, dotted above from stellate down, but covered with BOMBACEjE. I. HELICTERES. 507 white tomentum beneath ; petals exceeding the calyx ; column of stamens exserted ; carpels twisted. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. H. Braziliensis, Mik. fasc. 4. H. corylifolia, Nees. et Mart, nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 44. Peduncles 2-3-flowered. Petals yellowish-green at the base, but intensely red at the apex. Ovate-leaved Screw-tree. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 4 H. BREVISPIRA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 274. t. 54.) decan- drous ; leaves ovate, acute, somewhat cordate at the base, bi- serrate-toothed, velvety-tomentose ; limbs of petals broadish, reflexed, twice the length of the calyx ; column of stamens ex- serted ; carpels short, twisted. Jj . S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of Minas Geraes and Minas Novas. Peduncles 2- flowered, equal in length to the petioles. Petals at first yellow, with a red spot at the base of each, at length becoming intensely scarlet. Short-spired-carpelled Screw-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 5 H. BARUE'NSIS (Lin. mant. 122,) decandrous ; leaves cor- date, sharply-serrated, tomentose beneath : peduncles 2-flowered; calyx somewhat 2 -lipped ; carpels cylindrical, somewhat velvety, awl-shaped at top. Jj . S. Native of the Island of Baruco and the Isthmus of Panama, in woods by the sea-side. Jacq. amer. 236. t. 149. Lobes of calyx 5, irregularly joined into two lips. Petals linear, white. Calyx greenish-yellow. The bark of the trunk and principal branches being easily peeled off and very tough, is used instead of ropes. Far. /3, orfitu (D. C. prod. 1. p. 475.) leaves ovate, scarcely cordate, obtuse, toothed, tomentose beneath. Tj . S. Native ? Perhaps a distinct species. Baruco Screw-tree. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1739. Sh. 12 ft. C H. GUAZUMJEFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 304.) decandrous ; leaves obsoletely- cordate, somewhat ovate, unequal-sided, acuminate, serrate, hairy above, white from down beneath ; peduncles 2-flowered ; calyx 5-lobed ; petals spatulate. 1? . S. Native on the banks of the river Orinoco and near Caripe in Cumana. Resembles H. Baruensis. Flowers red. Guazuma-leaved Screw-tree. Fl. ? Clt. 1820. Shrub 8 ft. 7 H. GREWUEFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 476.) decandrous; leaves ovate, scarcely cordate at the base, acute, unequally and doubly serrate, downy on both surfaces ; carpels cylindrical, some- what velvety, awl-shaped at the apex. T? . S. Native of the Island of Timor. Petals oblong with long claws. Fruit like that of H. Barntnsis, but more slender. Grewia-leaved Screw-tree. Fl. June, July. Shrub 6 feet. 8 H. MACROPE'TALA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 275.) decandrous; leaves ovate, acuminated, biserrate-toothed, nearly smooth; limb of petals broad, reflexed, covering the calyx, which is nearly 3 -times shorter ; column of stamens greatly exserted ; carpels spirally twisted, f? . S. Native of Brazil in the pro- vince of Minas Novas. Branches clothed with stellate hairs. Petals smooth. Long-petalled Screw- tree. Fl. June. Tree 12 to 15 feet. 9 H. SARCARO'LHA (St. Hil. pi. usu. bras. no. 64. fl. bras. 1. p. 276.) leaves roundish-ovate or ovate, acute, slightly cordate, serrate-toothed, clothed with brown tomentum ; petals narrow, hardly higher than the calyx ; column of stamens twice that length ; carpels twisted. ^ . S. Native of Brazil. A decoction of the roots of this shrub is used by the inhabitants of the Bra- zils, especially in the provinces of the mines, in syphilitic com- plaints, where they call it sarcarolha. Corolla vermillion. Sarcarolha Screw-tree. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 10 H. MEXICAVNA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 305.) decandrous ; leaves ovate, somewhat cordate, unequally ser- rate, soft, and pubescent above, hoary from down beneath ; calyx acutely 5-toothed ; fruit ovate, somewhat velvety. Tj . S. Na- tive of Mexico between Mazatlan and Chilpancingo. H. rubra, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ic. ined. Petals unequal, spatulate at the apex, red. Calyx velvety. Genitals scarcely twice as long as the corolla. Mexican Screw-tree. Shrub 10 feet. 11 H. JAMAICE'NSIS (Jacq. amer. 235. t. 179. f. 99.) decan- drous; leaves cordate, crenate, clothed with velvety down on both surfaces ; flowers somewhat terminal, few, corymbose ; fruit ovate, densely clothed with down. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica and St. Thomas. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 143. — Pluk. aim. 182. t. 245. f. 3. — Sloan, jam. 97. hist. 1. p. 22. Calyx green- ish-yellow. Petals white. Tube of stamens very long. Jamaica Screw-tree. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1739. Sh. 12ft. 12 H. VERBASCIFOLIA (Link, enum. 2. p. 200.) leaves cordate- acuminate, serrated, downy, green ; peduncles axillary, few- flowered ; fruit-stalk very long. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 504. Ker, bot. reg. t. 903. Corolla red. Mullein-leaved Screw-tree. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. Sh. 8 ft. 13 H. FERRUGINA'TA (Link. enum. 2. p. 199.) leaves cor- date, lanceolate, crenulate, downy, rusty beneath ; flowers ter- minal, somewhat racemose ; fruit-stalk very long. Jj . S. Native of Brazil. Corolla yellowish. Rusty-leaved Screw-tree. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub 8 feet. 14 H. PENTA'NDRA (Lin. mant. 294.) pentandrous ; leaves ovate, floral ones coloured, Tj . S. Native of Surinam. Calyx hispid, with bristly hairs. Pentandrous Screw-tree. Shrub. SECT. II. ORTHOCARP^A (from opflos, orthos, straight, and KapTToe, karpos, a fruit ; because the carpels are straight, not twisted as iq the preceding section). D. C. prod. 1. p. 476. Carpels straight, approximate, not twisted together into a spire nor radiating. 15 H. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 1366.) decandrous; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, quite entire, white and downy beneath ; pedicels many-flowered. Jj . G. Native of China about Can- ton. Obs. itin. p. 232. t. 5. Lour. coch. 530. Flowers pale- purple. Carpels clothed with stellate tomentum. Narrow-leaved Screw-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 16 H. HIRSU'TA (Lour. coch. 530.) decandrous; leaves ovate- oblong, cordate, acuminate, doubly serrate, tomentose ; pedun- cles many-flowered ; fruit oblong, very hairy. Tj . G. Native of Cochin-china in woods. Willd. spec. 3. p. 721. Flowers pale-purple, in axillary, solitary, or crowded racemes. Hairy Screw-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 17 H. VI'SCIDA (Blum, bijdr. ex. Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 653.) decandrous ; leaves roundish, cordate, acuminated, unequally serrated, somewhat 3-lobed, clothed with stellate-pubescence above, but with stellate viscid villi beneath ; peduncles axillary, many-flowered, reflexed ; petals spatulate ; fruit oblong, hairy. Tj . S. Native of Java. Flowers red ? Viscid Screw-tree. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 18 H. JAVE'NSIS (Blum, bijdr. ex. Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 6 5 3.) decandrous ; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, rounded at the base, subcordate, densely and obtusely serru- lated, smooth above, but glaucous beneath, and are as well as the branches clothed with stellate down ; peduncles axillary, twin, opposite, the leaves umbellately many-flowered. ^ . S. Native of Java. Flowers probably red. Java Screw-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 19 H. SPICA'TA (Colebr. mss. in herb. Lamb.) villous ; leaves oblong, acuminated, serrated ; peduncles axillary, twin, spi- cately-racemose ; column of stamens short ; carpels straight. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers red. Spiked-Rov/ered. Screw-tree. Shrub 10 feet. 20 H. PRONIFLORA (Rich. act. soc. n. h. par. p. 111.) hex- androus ; leaves cordate, oval, unequal-sided, unequally serrated, 3 T2 508 BOMBACE-32. I. HELICTERES. II. MYRODIA. III. PLAOIANTHUS. IV. MATISIA. acuminate, hairy on the nerves and petioles, beneath as well as branches ; spikes short, axillary, 3-4-flowered. J? . S. Native of Cayenne. Flowers scarlet. Inclining-flowered Screw-tree. Fl. June, July. Shrub 6 ft. 21 H. CARTHAGENE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 1366.) polyandrous ; leaves cordate, serrated, tomentose on both surfaces ; flowers almost sessile, somewhat corymbose ; fruit oblong. fj . S. Native in the woods of Carthagena. Flowers fetid, purple. Carthagena Screw-tree. Shrub 1 2 feet. 22 H. SUNDA' ICA ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrated, acu- minated, tomentose beneath ; peduncles twin or solitary, axil- lary, racemose, few-flowered ; fruit echinated ; column of stamens very short. J? . S. Native of the Straits of Sunda. (herb. Lamb. v. s.) Carpels apparently joined into the single fruit. Sunda Screw-tree. Shrub- 6 feet. 23 H. VIRGA'TA (Wall. mss. in herb. Lamb.) leaves lanceo- late, obtuse, mucronate, quite entire, tomentose beneath, smooth and green above ; peduncles terminal and axillary, twin or tern 2-4-flowered ; column of stamens short ; carpels hispid, tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers red. Twiggy Screw-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 24 H. OBLONGA (Wall, in Lin. soc. herb.) leaves oblong, ser- rated, rather rough from stellate pili ; obliquely cordate at the base ; peduncles extra-axillary, 2-flowered ; carpels very rough, awl-shaped at the apex. Tj . S. Native of Pulo-Pinang. Oblong-leaved Screw-tree. Shrub C to 8 feet. 25 H. LANCEOLA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 476.) leaves lanceo- late, acuminate at both ends, hoary beneath ; flowers axillary, disposed in short racemose panicles ; petals linear, exceeding the genitals in length, bidentate at the base of the limb. fy . S. Native of the East Indies. A very distinct species, Lanceolate-leaved Screw-tree. Shrub 6 feet. •(• Species not sufficiently known. 26 H. SEMITRI'LOBA (Bert, in Hit. D. C. prod. 1. p. 476.) leaves somewhat cordate, broad-ovate, somewhat 3-lobed, cre- nate-toothed, smooth above, hoary-velvety beneath, 5-nerved, reticulated ; flowers terminal, corymbose. J? . S. Native of St. Domingo. Fruit unknown. Half-three-lobed Screw-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 27 H. ? UNDULA'TA (Lour, cochin. 531.) leaves lanceolate, waved ; flowers usually terminal, crowded ; fruit straight, stel- lately disposed. T? . G. Native of Cochin-china in woods. Flowers greenish red. Perhaps a species of Sterculia. Waved-\eaved Screw-tree. Tree 25 feet. 28 H ? PANICULA'TA (Lour, cochin. 531.) leaves ovate, entire, acute ; flowers subterminal, loosely panicled ; carpels straight, stellately-spreading. Tj . G. Native of Cochin-china. Perhaps a species of Sterculia. Corolla reddish, spreading. Panicled Screw-tree. Tree 40 feet. Cult. Shrubs or trees of little beauty. They are free flowerers, and thrive best in a mixture of loam and peat. Cut- tings taken off at a joint root freely in sand under a hand-glass. Seeds are easily transported in a living state from the places of their natural growth. II. MYRODIA (from fivpov, myron, myrrh, perfume, and odpn, odme, scent. Myrodia turbinata exhales an agreeable perfume). Screb. gen. no. 1147. D. C. prod. 1. p. 477. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx naked, tubu- lar, 3-5-toothed, ruptured at the side. Petals oblong-linear. Column of stamens long, 5-toothed. Anthers 10-15. Stigmas 2-lobed. Capsules drupaceous, 2-3-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. Al- bumen wanting. Bracteoles 2-3 on each pedicel. Shrubs with simple entire leaves, and axillary or lateral, solitary, white flowers. SECT. I. EUMYRODIA (from cv, eu, well, and myrbdia ; genuine species of Myrodia). D. C. prod. 1. p. 477. Anthers all placed on the top of the staminiferous tube. 1 M. TURBINA'TA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1227.) leaves ovate-oblong ; calyx turbinate ; staminiferous tube shorter than the petals ; branches sparing. Pj . S. Native of the Ca- ribbee Islands on the banks of torrents, and of Mexico. M. ovskta, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers white. Turbinate-ca\yx.ed Myrodia. Fl. ? Clt. 1793. Shrub 8 ft. 2 M. VERTICILLA'RIS (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 477.) leaves oblong, acuminate at both ends ; calyx turbinate, irregularly scolloped; column of stamens rather shorter than the petals ; floriferous branches whorled. l? . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers white. Whorled-branched Myrodia. Fl. ? Shrub 6 feet ? 3 M. PENDULIFLORA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 269. t. 53. A.) leaves obovate, obtusely acuminated on short petioles ; pedun- cles slender, drooping, many-times longer than the petiole. fy . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. Pendulous-fioweted Myrodia. Fl. Sept. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. SECT. II. QUARARI'BEA (Quararibe is the name of the tree in Guiana). D. C. prod. 1. p. 477. Anthers scattered along the staminiferous column. Corolla twisted in sestivation, not imbricate as in the first section. 4 M. LONGIFLORA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1229.) leaves lanceolate-oblong ; calyx cylindrical ; column of stamens longer than the petals. Tj . S. Native of Guiana on the banks of rivers. Quararibea Guianensis, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 962. t. 278. Cav. diss. 3. t. 71. f. 2. Flowers white. The bark of this tree being filamentose is used in Guiana for making lines. Long-flowered Myrodia. Fl. May. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. A light rich soil suits the species of this genus best ; and half-ripened cuttings taken off at a joint root readily in sand under a hand-glass, placed in heat. III. PLAGIA'NTHUS (from TrXayioe, plagios, oblique or lateral, avQos, anthos, a flower ; because two of the petals are remote from the rest, which causes the flower to have an ob- lique appearance). Forst. gen. t. 43. D. C. prod. 1. p. 477. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx naked, 5- cleft. Petals 5, ovate, two of which are approximate and re- mote from the others. Stigma club-shaped. Berry ? A branched shrub with narrow, fascicled leaves, and solitary, 1- flowered pedicels. 1 P. DIVARICA'TUS (Forst. 1. c.). T? . H. Native of New Zealand. Branches divaricating. Leaves small, in bundles, linear. Flowers solitary, small, reddish ? Divaricating-branched Plagianthus. Fl. June, July. CIt. 1820. Shrub 8 feet. Cult. This shrub will stand our winters well if planted in a sheltered situation ; young cuttings will root freely in sand under a hand-glass. IV. MATPSIA (in memory of M. Matis, an artist attached to the botanical expedition of Humboldt in New Granada). H. B. pi. aequin. 1. t. 2. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 306. D. C. prod. 1. p. 477. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx naked, irre- gularly 2-5-toothed, ruptured at the side, permanent. Petals ovate. Column of stamens 5-cleft at the apex, with 12 anthers on each lobe or division, all leaning to the outer side. Stigma 5-furrowed. Drupe ovate, 5-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. Albumen mealy ? Cotyledons wrinkled. 1 M. CORDA'TA (H. B. 1. c.). Tj . S. Native of New Granada BOMBACE^:. V. POURRETIA. VI. MONTEZUMA. VII. OPHELUS. VIII. ADANSONIA. 509 and the warmer parts of Peru. A tall tree with stalked, cor- date, 7-nerved, entire, smooth leaves ; and drooping, aggregate bundles of flowers, which are rose-coloured on the inside and silky on the outside, rising from the sides of the branches. Cordate-leaved. Matisia. Tree 30 to 40 feet. Cult. A light rich soil will suit this tree well, and half-ripened cuttings taken off at a joint and planted in sand under a hand- glass will root freely, if placed in heat. V. POURRETIA (in honour of Abbe Pourret, a French botanist who travelled in Spain; author of several botanical papers in the Memoirs of the -Royal Academy of Toulouse). \Villd. spec. 3. p. 844. D. C. prod. 1. p. 477. Cavanillesia, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. p. 26. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx naked, 5- parted, campanulate, permanent. Petals 5. Stamens joined in a cylinder at the base but divided into 5 bundles at the top. Stigma capitate. Capsules 1 -celled, indehiscent, somewhat coriaceous, with 5 large, leafy wings ; cells 1 -seeded, many, usually aborthe. Cotyledons twisted, chrysalus-like. Corr. ann. mus. 9. p. 293. t. 26. Trees with 5-7-lobed deciduous leaves, and umbels of flowers rising before the leaves. 1 P. ARBOREA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 844.) leaves cordate. Tj . S. Native of Peru on the Andes. Cavanillesia umbellata, Ruiz, et Pav. prod. p. 97. t. 20. A tree with a thick trunk bulging out in the middle ; wood spongy. Flowers umbellate, red, very fugacious. Tree Pourretia. Tree 40 feet. 2 P. PLATANIFOLIA (H. B. pi. aequin. 2. p. 162. t. 133.) leaves somewhat peltate, 5-7-lobed. fj. S. Native in the province of Carthagena. Cavanillesia platanifolia, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 306. Petals flesh-coloured, clothed with rusty down on the outside. Flowers in umbels. Plane-tree-leaved Pourretia. Tree 60 feet. Cult. The species of this genus will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; the cuttings should not be too ripe and they should be taken off at a joint ; they will then root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. VI. MONTEZtTMA (in honour of Montezuma, once sove- reign of Mexico). Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 477. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx naked, he- mispherical, truncate, sinuately-toothed. Petals 5, somewhat sinuated, large. Stamens indefinite, spirally twisted about the style, in a long column which has 5 somewhat distinct furrows. Style ending in a club-shaped ligulate stigma. Berry globose, 4-5-celled ; cells many-seeded. A large spreading tree. 1 M. sFECiosissiMA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 477.). Tj . S. Native of Mexico. Leaves smooth, heart-shaped, acute, entire, stalked. Pedicels 1 -flowered, rising from the branches beneath the leaves. Flowers large, of a purplish-scarlet colour. Very-shemy Montezuma. Clt. 1827. Tree 40 feet. Cult. This very shewy tree will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and cuttings, not too ripe, taken off at a joint, will root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. VII. OPHEVLUS (from o^tXoc, ophelos, use ; in allusion to the economical use of the fruit in Cochin-china). Lour. coch. p. 412. D. C. prod. 1. p. 478. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx naked, 5- cleft ; lobes acute, spreading, reflexed. Petals 5, thick. Sta- mens indefinite, joined at the base into a tube, somewhat reflexed at the top. Stigma multifid. Berry woody, oblong-ovate, 12- celled, many-seeded. This tree is nearly allied to Adansbnia. 1 O. SITULA' RIDS (Lour. 1. c.). ~fy . G. Native of the eastern coast of Africa by the sea-shore. Adansonia situla, Spreng. syst. S. p. 124. Leaves scattered, oblong, quite entire, smooth, stalked. Flowers white, solitary, terminal, 3 inches in diameter. The fruit is large and woody ; it has a lid which is easily separated, and when cleared from the pulp and seed is used in Cochin-china for holding water or any liquor. Bucket Ophelus. Tree 40 feet. Cult. Require the same treatment as Adansonia, both in cultivation and propagation. VIII. ADANSO'NIA (in honour of Michael Adanson, a French botanist and traveller at Senegal, author of Voyage de Senegal and Famille des Plantes, died 1727). Lin. gen. no. 836. D. C. prod. 1. p. 478. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx naked, deci- duous, 5-parted. Petals 5, joined almost to the middle. Ur- ceolus of stamens expanded at the top. Style very long. Stigmas many, stellate. Capsules indehiscent, woody, 10-celled; cells many-seeded, filled with farinaceous pulp about the seeds. A spreading tree with a thick spongy trunk, palmate leaves, with 3 leaflets in the young plants, but 5-7 on the adult ones, and large, white flowers with purplish anthers, on long axillary solitary pedicels. 1 A. DIGITA'TA (Lin. spec. 960.). Tj . S. Native of the western coast of Africa. Cav. diss. 5. p. 298. t. 15. Lam. ill. t. 588. Hook, hot. mag. t. 2791 and 2792. A. Baobab, Gam. fr. 2. p. 253. 1. 135 — Baobab. Alp. segyp. 66. t. 67. This tree is called in many parts on the western coast of Africa Monkey-bread, Sour-gourd, and Bahobab in Egypt. It is considered the largest or rather the broadest, tree in the world. Several trees measured by M. Adanson were from 65 to 78 feet in circumference, but very low in proportion. The trunks were from 12 to 15 feet high before they divided into many horizontal branches, which touched the ground at their extremities ; these were from 45 to 55 feet long, and were so large, that each branch was equal to a monstrous tree ; and where the water of a neighbouring river had washed away the earth, so as to leave the roots of one of these trees bare and open to the sight, they measured 110 feet long, without including those parts of the roots which remained covered. Adanson calcu- lates as follows. That a tree of 1 year old is 1^ inch in diameter and 5 inches in height. 20 do. 1 foot do. 15 do. 30 do. 2 do. do. 22 do. 100 do. 4 do. do. 29 do. 1000 do. 14 do. do. 58 do. 2400 do. 18 do. do. 64 do. 5150 do. 30 do. do. 73 do. The tree arrives at a great age, whence it has been called arbre de mille ans, and whence too Humboldt has been led to speak of it as the " oldest organic monument of our planet." The tree yields a fruit which resembles a gourd, and which serves for vessels of various uses ; the bark furnishes a coarse thread which they form into ropes, and into a cloth, with which the natives cover their middle from the girdle to the knees ; the small leaves supply them with food in a time of scarcity, while the large ones are used for covering their houses. The dried leaves, reduced to a powder, constitute halo, a favourite article with the natives of the eastern coast of Africa, and which they mix daily with their food, for the purpose of diminishing the excess of perspiration occasioned by the heat of those climates ; even Europeans find it serviceable in cases of diarrhoea, fevers, and other diseases. At Sierra Leone this tree does not grow larger than a comir.on apple-tree. The wood is spongy, soft, 510 BOMBACE^E. IX. CAROLINEA. and light, and is of no use as timber. In Abyssinia the wild bees perforate it for the purpose of lodging their honey in the holes, which honey is reckoned the best in the country. On the eastern coast of Africa the tree is liable to the attack of a species of fungus, which vegetates in the woody part, and which, without changing its colour or appearance, destroys life, and renders the part so attacked very soft. Such trunks as have been so attacked are hollowed out into chambers, and within them are suspended the dead bodies of those who are refused the honour of burial. There they become mummies perfectly dry and well preserved, without any farther preparation or embalmment, and are known by the name of guiriots. The farinaceous pulp enveloping the seeds tastes somewhat like gingerbread, and is eaten with or without sugar by the natives. At Bangole it forms the principal part of the food of the natives, who season many of their dishes with it, especially a kind of gruel made of corn called rooy. It was the chief support of Major Pedley's expedition for 10 or 12 days. The juice, expressed and mixed with sugar or a syrup made of it, is used in putrid and pestilential fevers. At Cairo they reduce the pulp to a powder, and use it in these disorders, in the lientery, dysentery, and all sorts of fluxes. Owing to these circumstances, the fruit forms an article of commerce. The Mandingos carry it to the eastern and more southern parts of Africa, and through the medium of the Arabs it reaches Morocco and even Egypt. If the fruit is decayed or injured it is burned ; the leys are boiled with rancid palm-oil, and the negroes use it instead of soap. Digitate-leaved Adansonia, Monkey-bread-tree, or Ethiopian Sour-gourd. Fl Nov. Clt. 1724. Tree 30 feet. Cult. A rich loamy soil suits this tree well ; and large, ripened cuttings will root in a pot of sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. IX. CAROLI'NEA (in honour of Sophia Caroline, Mar- chioness of Baden, a name which will be always dear to bota- nists). Lin. fil. suppl. p. 51 and 314. D. C. prod. 1. p. 478. — Pachira, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 725. LIN. SYST. Monadttphia, Polydndria Calyx naked, cup- shaped, truncate, permanent. Petals 5, ligulate, and very long. Stamens monadelphous at the base, divided at the top into 5 or more many-anthered bundles ; filaments forked, each fork bear- ing two anthers, one on each filament. Style very long. Stigmas 5, spreading. Capsules woody, 5-valved, 5-celled, with a disse- piment in the middle of each valve, but it is sometimes so narrow as to make the fruit appear 1-celled, many-seeded. Seeds cover- ed with a kind of fleshy aril, and sometimes with silky wool. Cotyledons according to the younger Lin. are plaited. — Trees with palmate compound leaves and large showy flowers, which are solitary in the axillae of the upper leaves. 1 C. PRI'NCEPS (Lin. fil. suppl. FIG. 86. 314.) leaflets 5-8, ovate-lanceo- late, acuminate, smooth ; pedun- cles equal with the membranous campanulate calyx, which has 5 glands at the base ; petals recurv- ed at the apex ; tube of stamens much longer than the calyx. Tj . S. Native of Guiana, Trinidad, and Brazil, in places saturated with sea water. Pachira aquatica, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 725. t. 291 and 292. Cav. diss. 3. p. 176. t. 72. f. 1. Lam. ill. t. 589. Flowers large and very shewy. Petals yel- low at the top, and greenish at the base. Filaments red. Anthers purple. Perhaps Pachira nitida of H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 302 ? The fruit is eaten, but very flatulent when taken raw in any quantity (f. 86.). Princely Carolinea. Fl. Sep. Clt. 1787. Shrub 10 feet. 2 C. AFFI'NIS (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 85.) peduncles 3-times longer than the cylindrical, coriaceous, thick calyx, which has 5 glands at the base ; petals erect ; tube of stamens much longer than the calyx ; anthers linear, fixed above the base ; style to- mentose at the base. Tj . S. Native of Para on the margins of canals and banks of rivers. Leaves not known. Flowers brownish-green on the outside, but whitish within. Allied Carolinea. Shrub 6 to 1 0 feet. 3 C. FASTUO'SA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 478.) leaflets 5, obovate, obtuse; calyx truncate, quite entire ; petals turned back on the calyx. Tj . S. Native of New Spain in moderately warm places. Xiloxochitl flore capillaceo, Hern. mex. 68. icon. Flowers blood-coloured. Stamens monadelphous, not polyadelphous as in the figure. Leaflets emarginate at the apex, sometimes purplish. Disdainful Carolinea. Shrub 12 feet. 4 C. INSI'GNIS (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1202.) leaflets 5-7, obovate-oblong ; calyx sinuated, smooth ; petals erect, spreading at the top ; anthers oblong, incumbent ; ovary tomentose. Tj . S. Native of Martinique, Tobago, and other West India islands ; also on the main land of South America, especially in Guiana, Cayenne, Brazil, and Vera Cruz. Lodd. hot. cab. 1 004. B6m- bax grandiflorum, Cav. diss. 5. p. 295. t. 154. Flowers long, of a pale-red colour, downy without and smooth within. An- thers white. Style red. Shewy-Qovtered. Carolinea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1796. Tree 60 feet. 5 C. ARENA' KIA ; leaves ? flowers 4 inches long ; tube of stamens near an inch and a half, smooth ; anthers trochleately- arcuate or spiral. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Novas. PachJra arenaria, St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 261. Calyx long, cup-shaped, truncately 5-toothed, smooth, with a whorl of glands at the base. Petals narrow, ligulate, velvety- tomentose on both sides, brownish-green without, and white within. Filaments twin, smooth, red ; anthers adhering by their middle, as in C. marginata. Sand Carolinea. Fl. May. Shrub 7 to 8 feet. 6 C. TOMENTOSA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 85. t. 56.) leaflets 8-9, obovate, obtuse, coriaceous, tomentosely hairy ; peduncles to- mentose, equal in length to the coriaceous, urceolate calyx, which has many glands at the base ; petals erect ; tube of stamens length of calyx ; anthers oblong ; style smooth. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. A small tree, with axillary, terminal, solitary flowers. Petals reflexed at the apex, covered with brownish tomentum on the outside, but white within. Filaments 5, forked or simple ; anthers rose-coloured. Tomentose Carolinea. Fl. Feb. Tree 10 to 15 feet. 7 C. LONGIFLORA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 86.) peduncles twice the length of the campanulate, coriaceous calyx ; petals spread- ingly reflexed ; tube of stamens 3-times longer than the calyx ; anthers kidney-shaped, fixed by the middle ; style smooth. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes at the height of 1 600 feet above the level of the sea. Flowers of a greenish-olive colour on the outside, but white within, wholly tomentose. Long-florvered Carolinea. Shrub 10 to 15 feet. 8 C. MACRA'NTHA ; leaves ? flowers a foot and a half long ; tube of stamens 2 inches, smooth ; anthers circinnately-troch- leate. fj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes about Retiro. Pachira macrantha, St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 261. Calyx long, cup-shaped, truncately entire. Petals long, narrow, ligulate, velvety-tomentose on the outside, or greenish-brown, BOMBACEJE. IX. CAROLINEA. X. BOMBAX. 511 smooth and reddish within on the lower part, but silky and whitish on the upper part. Filaments in pairs. This species comes near C. insignis. Large-flowered Carolinea. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 9 C. MINOR (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1412.) leaflets 7, elliptical- oblong, acute at both ends ; calyx truncate ; petals erect. J? . S. Native of Mexico and Guiana. C. pompalis, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. B6mbax Carolinioid.es, Donn, cant. 156. Petals green. Filaments red. Anthers yellow. Pedicels longer than the calyx, but in the figure of the fl. mex. much shorter than that in the bot. mag. Smaller Carolinea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1798. Shrub 10 ft. 10 C. CAMPE'STRIS (Mart. fl. bras. l.p. 8G.) leaflets .3-5, ob- ovate-oblong, bluntish, smooth on both surfaces ; peduncles equal in length to the calyx, with many glands at the base ; tube of stamens shorter than the calyx ; anthers erect, kidney-shaped ; style smooth. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, in woods between Tapanhoacanga and Villa do Prin- cipe. Corolla reddish or olive-green outside, but greenish-white within. Calyx surrounded by a whorl of glands at the base. Field Carolinea. Fl. May. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 11 C. MARGINA'TA ; leaflets 7, inarticulated, obovate-lanceo- late, obtusely acuminated, marginated, reticulately veined be- neath and tomentose ; flowers nearly a foot and a half; tube of stamens an inch and a half, woolly ; anthers oblong, kidney- shaped. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, where it is called Painera do Campo by the inhabitants. Pachira marginata, St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 6. t. 51. Peduncles terminal under the leaf-bud, 1-flowered. Calyx cup-shaped, trun- cately entire, with many glands at the base. Petals clothed with brownish down on the outside, and with white wool on the inside. Filaments red, simple, or forked, in 5 bundles. Seeds covered with silky wool. Marginate-lenved Carolinea. Fl. March. Shrub 8 feet. 12 C. A'LBA (Lodd. bot. cab. t. 752.) I? . S. Native of Brazil. A magnificent tree, with digitate leaves and strong-scented white flowers at the tops of the branches. Calyx flowing with honey. Filaments innumerable, 2-forked, joined into a tube at the base. JF/iite-flowered Carolinea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. Tree 20 feet. Cult. A genus of magnificent shrubs or trees, with splendid leaves and shewy flowers, well adapted for stove conservatories ; therefore they deserve to be generally cultivated. They thrive best in a rich loamy soil, and large cuttings taken off at a joint, not deprived of their leaves, will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. X. BO'MBAX (from /3o/u/3u£, bombyx, one of the Greek names for cotton ; the pods are filled with a fine silky substance like cotton, but it is impossible to spin this substance into thread in consequence of the edges being perfectly smooth. See Gos- sypium.) Lin. gen. no. 835. exclusive of many species. D. C. prod. 1. p. 478. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx naked, cam- panulate, unequally 2-5-lobed, or truncately 5-toothed. Petals 5, joined together, and somewhat connected at the base with the column of the stamens . Stamens numerous, monadelphous at the base, but free at the apex. Anthers inserted by the middle, kid- ney-shaped or oblong, opening above by a transverse chink. Cap- sules large, 5-celled, 5 -valved, woody ; cells many-seeded. Seeds albuminous, enwrapped in silky cotton. — Large trees with soft spongy wood, commonly used for making canoes, palmate leaves, and large scarlet or white flowers usually rising laterally from the trunk or branches, either singly or in clusters. 1 B. CEIBA (Lin. spec. 959.) trunk prickly ; leaves palmate, with 5 leaflets ; fruit turbinate, concave at the apex, \ . S. Native of South America, Jamaica, &c. &c. B. quinatum, Jacq. amer. 192. 1. 176. f. 1. Flowers large, pale-red. This is a very large tree ; it is called Ceiba in some parts of South America. The wood is very light, and not much valued except for making canoes. Their trunks are so large, as when hol- lowed to make very large ones. In Columbus's first voyage it was related, that a canoe was seen at the island of Cuba made of one of these trees, which was 95 palms long, of a proportionable width, and capable of containing 150 men ; and some writers have affirmed that there are trees of the silk-cotton growing in the West Indies, so large as not to be fathomed by 16 men, and so tall that an arrow cannot be shot to their tops. The canoes now made in the West Indies from this tree frequently carry from 15 to 20 hogsheads of sugar from six to twelve hundred weight each, the average about twenty-five tons burden. When sawn into boards and then well saturated with lime-water, the wood bears exposure to the weather many years ; it is also formed into laths for roofs, curing pots, and hogshead heading. When the tree decays it becomes a nest for the Macaea beetle, the caterpillar which, when gutted and fried, is esteemed by many persons one of the greatest delicacies. The down which is enclosed in the seed-vessels is very soft and silky ; it is sel- dom used except by the poorer inhabitants to stuff pillows or chairs ; and it is generally thought unwholesome to lie upon. The same may be said of most of the species of Bombax and Ertodendron. Ceiba,or Common Silk-cotton Tree. Clt. 1692. Tree 100 ft. 2 B. MALABA'RICUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 479.) trunk prickly ; leaves palmate, with 5 or 7 oblong, entire, acuminated leaflets ; fruit oblong, blunt. ^ . S. Native of Malabar and Bengal ; also of Java. B. heptaphyllum, Cav. diss. 5. p. 296. Roxb. cor. 3. t. 247. — Rheed. mal. 3. t. 52. Flowers in fascicles near the extremities of the branches, scarlet or red on the inside, but pale on the outside. Calyx irregularly 2 or 3-lobed, or 5-6- cleft. The wool in the pods is used in India to stuff pillows and beds. — There is also a variety of this tree with white flowers. Malabar Silk-cotton Tree. Tree 80 feet. 3 B. INSI'GNE (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 74. t. 79 and 80.) trunk unarmed ; leaflets 9, obovate, short-acuminated, glaucous beneath, as well as the petioles ; corolla 4-times longer than the 2-lobed calyx ; stamens shorter than the corolla ; petals villous on the outside ; capsule very long. Tj . S. Native of the Bur- man empire near Yenangheun. Flowers large, red, very showy, solitary on the naked branches. Stamens monadelphous at the base, but separating into 4-5 bundles at the top. Anthers kid- ney-shaped, fixed by the middle, yellow. Shervy Silk-cotton Tree. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 4 B. SEPTENA'TUM (Jacq. amer. 193. exclusive of the sy- nonymes,) trunk unarmed, corky ; leaves palmate, with 7 entire leaflets. Jj . S. Native of Carthagena. B. heptophyllum, Lin. spec. 960. Flowers crimson. Fruit like that of Erioden- dron anfractubsum. Seven-\eaved Silk-cotton Tree. Clt. 1699. Tree 66 feet. 5 B. BUONOPOZE'NSE (Beauv. fl. d. ow. et de ben. 2. p. 42. t. 83.) trunk unarmed. >? . S. Native of Guinea in the king- dom of Waree near Buonopozo. Calyx quite entire, capsule formed with a small circle on the margin. Flowers red, woolly on the outside. Buonopozo Silk-cotton Tree. Tree 100 feet. 6 B. GLOBOSUM (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 701. t. 281.) trunk un- armed ; leaves palmate, with 5 oval, blunt, entire, emarginate leaflets ; calyx bluntly 5-lobed ; fruit globose, fj . S. Native of Guiana and Cayenne. Cav. diss. 5. p. 297. t. 155. Flowers disposed in axillary and terminal racemes. Pedicels 1-flowered. Calyxes smooth. Petals oblong, woolly on the outside, pale on the inside. Stamens shorter than the petals. 512 BOMBACEjE. X. BOMBAX. XI. ERIODENDRON. Globose- fruited Silk-cotton Tree. Clt. 1824. Tree 20 feet. 7 B. TOMENTO'SUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 263.) trunk un- armed ; leaflets 5, ovate-lanceolate, entire, scabrous above, but cinereously-tomentose beneath, and dotted with black ; peduncles hoary-tomentose, inflated just under the flower, hollow inside. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Goyaz near Villa Boa. Flowers in axillary fascicles, silky, white ; petals ob- liquely emarginate ; anthers 2-celled ? Tomentose Silk-cotton Tree. Fl. June. Tree 30 feet? 8 B. ELLI'PTICUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 299.) trunk unarmed ; leaves palmate, with 5 rounded, elliptical, quite entire, smooth leaflets, which are retuse at the apex ; calyx entire. Jj . S. Native of South America. Petals rose-coloured on the inside, but covered with rusty tomentum on the outside. Filaments red, length of petals. Elliptival-leafieited. Silk-cotton Tree. Tree 60 feet. 9 B. PARVIFLORUM (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 91. t. 57.) trunk unarmed ; leaflets 3-5, obovate-lanceolate, obtuse or emarginate, coriaceous, smooth ; peduncles and calyxes smooth ; petals to- mentose, 3-times longer than the calyx ; ovary smooth. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes at the river St. Francisco. Flowers silky-villous, 3 or 4 in a fascicle, rarely solitary. Anthers kidney-shaped. Small-flmvered Silk-cotton Tree. Fl. June, July. Tree 25 feet. 10 B. PUBE'SCENS (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 91. t. 58.) trunk unarmed ; lower leaves quinate, upper ones ternate ; leaflets obovate, elliptical, emarginate, coriaceous, smooth, or covered with black dots of stellate pili beneath ; pedicels inflated and hollow under the flower, and are as well as calyxes, covered with black dots of stellate tomentum ; petals tomentose, 3-times longer than the calyx ; ovary smooth. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, where the tree is called Embirussu, from the bark being very tough, which is made into ropes. Flowers white from silky tomentum. Pubescent Silk-cotton Tree. Tree 25 to 30 feet. 11 B. CORIA'CEUM (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 93.) unarmed ; leaflets 3, oblong, acutish, entire, coriaceous, smooth, marginated ; fruit scabrous, pear-shaped. Tj . S. Native of Brazil on mount Arara-coara on the confines of Peru. CormceoHS-leaved Silk-cotton Tree. Tree 30 feet. 12 B. RETU'SUM (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 92. t. 59.) trunk un- armed ; leaflets 3-4 or 5, obovate, retuse, smooth ; peduncles and calyxes smooth ; petals 6-times longer than the calyx, finely tomentose ; ovary tomentose. >2 • S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes on hills. Peduncles axillary or terminal, solitary, or twin. Corolla white from tomentum. Anthers oblong. /Jeiuse-leaved Silk-cotton Tree. Fl. July. Tree 20 to 25 ft. 13 B. MUNCU BA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 93. t. 99.) trunk un- armed ; leaflets 8, oblong, acuminated, quite entire, smooth ; calyx cup-shaped ; petals coriaceous, reflexed ; stamens numer- ous, bifid at the top. T? . S. Native of Brazil in the province of the river Niger, where it is called by the inhabitants Muncuba. It is also to be found on the banks of the river Amazon. Petals clothed on the outside with olive villi, but white inside. Flowers 2 or 3 together at the tops of the branches. Muncuba Silk-cotton Tree. Fl. March, April. Tree 80 to ] 00 feet. 14 B. DI'SCOLOR (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) trunk unarmed; leaves palmate, with 5 oblong, acuminated, crenulate leaflets, hairy and green above, hoary from tomentum beneath. Ij . S. Native of South America in warm places near St. Felipe in the province of Jaen de Bracamoros. Flowers white, about the size of those of a citron. Tno-coloured-leaved Silk-cotton Tree. Tree 30 feet. f Species not sufficiently known. 15 B. ? VILLOSUM (Mill. diet. no. 3.) leaves 5-angled, villous ; stem jointed, fy . S. Native of New Spain. Flowers unknown. The down enclosed in the pod is of a fine purple colour, and the inhabitants of New Spain spin it and work it into garments, which they wear without dyeing. Villous Silk-cotton Tree. Tree ? 16 B. CUMANE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 300.) unarmed; leaves palmate, with 7 stalked, lanceolate, acuminate, quite entire, smooth leaflets, which are paler beneath. T? . S. Native of South America near Cumana. Perhaps dif- ferent from B. septenatum. Cumana Silk-cotton Tree. Tree 50 feet. 17 B. MOMPOXE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) trunk prickly ; leaves palmate, with 7 and 9 almost sessile, obovate-lanceolate, acuminated, membranaceous, smooth leaflets, which are remotely toothletted towards the apex. Jj . S. Native of South America on the banks of the river Magdalena near Mompox. Flowers and fruit unknown. Mompox Silk-cotton Tree. Tree 40 feet. 18 B. ORINOCE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) trunk unarmed; leaves palmate, with 5 and 6 oblong, acuminated, quite entire, membranaceous, smooth leaflets. ^ • S. Native on the banks of the river Orinoco. Flowers unknown. Orinoco Silk-cotton Tree. Tree 60 feet. . Cult. The species of Bombax grow best in rich loamy soil. Cuttings should not be too ripe, and if they are taken off at a joint they will root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat ; but plants raised from seeds brought from the places of their natural growth make finer trees. ' None of the species have ever flowered in our stoves, and it is not likely they ever will, as the most of them acquire a height of 50 or 60 feet before they attempt to flower in their native countries. XI. ERIODE'NDRON (from cpw, erion, wool, and dendron, a tree ; alluding to the capsule being filled with a fine silky woolly substance). D. C. prod. 1. p. 479. — Ceiba, Plum. gen. 42. t 32. Gsert. fruct. 2. p. 244. t. 133. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx naked, irre- gularly 5-lobed ; lobes usually twin. Petals 5, joined together as well as being connected with the column of the stamens at the base. Filaments joined together into a short tube at the base, but divided into 5 bundles at the apex ; which are filiform and bearing each 1, 2, or S linear or anfractuous anthers at the apex, which have the appearance of one anther, they are either adnate or versatile. Style crowned by a 5-6-cleft stigma. The rest of the character as in Bombax. Large trees with spongy wood, which is of little use except for making canoes, as the larger species of Bombax. The leaves are palmate. The flowers are large, red, white, scarlet, rising singly or in clusters from the sides or tops of the branches. 1 E. LEIANTHE'RUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 479.) anthers reti- culated ; leaflets 5-7, ovate, cuspidate, quite entire. Tj . S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Bombax erianthus, Cav. diss. 5. p. 294. t. 152. f. 1. Trunk and branches prickly. Flowers subterminal and lateral at the tops of the branches. Corolla large, white, woolly on the outside. Anthers adnate, the whole length of the filaments. Smooth-anthered Wool-tree. Clt. 1818. Tree 70 feet. 2 E. ANFRACTUOSUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 479.) anthers versa- tile, anfractuous ; leaflets 5-7-8, entire, or serrulated above, lanceolate, cuspidate, glaucous beneath ; trunk usually prickly. \i . S. Bombax pentandrum, Lin. spec. 959. Cav. diss. 5. p. ,293. 1. 151. Bombax orientale, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 124. -Trunk prickly or rarely unarmed. Corolla smaller than that of B. occi- BOMBACE^E. XI. ERIODENDRON. XII. CHORISIA. XIII. DURIO. 513 denlale, clothed with silky wool on the outside and yellowish on the inside. Var. a, I'ndicum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 479.) flowers in fascicles from a short peduncle ; yellowish on the inside, white on the outside. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies. — Rheed. rnal. 3. t. 49. and 51. — Humph, amb. 1. t. 80. Var. ft, Africanum (Brown, cong. p. 10.) flowers large, crimson, fascicled. Jj . S. Native of Guinea. This is the largest and tallest tree in Guinea, the trunk of which is made into very large canoes. Winding-angered Wool-tree. Clt. 1739. Tree 150 feet. 3 E. OCCIDENTA'LE ; anthers anfractuous, versatile; leaflets 7, serrulated, smooth and green on both surfaces; flowers fas- cicled, pentandrous, woolly outside, and rose-coloured on the inside ; trunk prickly, fj . S. Native of the Caribbee islands and South America. Bombax pentandrum, Jacq. amer. 191. t. 176. f. 70. B. occidental, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 124. Eriod. anfractuosum ft, Caribae um, D. C. prod. 1. p. 479. The flowers are said to be in short compound racemes by Jacquin. Western Wool-tree. Clt. 1739. Tree 30 to 60 feet. 4 E. SAMAU'MA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 89. t. 98.) anthers anfractuous, versatile ; leaflets 5-7, oblong, quite entire, acumi- nated ; trunk prickly ; petals obovately-spatulate, covered with fulvous down on the outside, fj . S. Native of Brazil near the river Japura, Bombax Samauma, Spreng. Flowers on the tops of the branches, solitary, lateral, or subterminal, cream- coloured. The wool contained in the fruit is called Samauma in Brazil, with which the natives stuff pillows and bolsters. Samauma Wool-tree. Tree 80 to 100 feet. 5 E. aiscuLiFonuM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 479.) anthers an- fractuous ; leaflets 7-8, sharply serrated ; trunk unarmed, fy . S. Native of New Spain by the sea-shore near Campeche. Bom- bax axillare, Moc. et Sesse. fl. mex. icon. ined. Bom- bax assculifolium, H. B. et Kunth. Leaflets lanceolate- oblong, acuminated and mucronate, smooth. Petals rose- coloured, hairy on the outside, equal in length with the stamens. Flowers, according to the figure in the fl. mex., axillary, and usually solitary, on very short thick pedicels. Flowers pentan- drous, covered with rusty tomentum on the outside and rose- coloured and smooth within. (Kunth.) Horse-chesnut-leaved Wool-tree. Tree 60 feet. 6 E. JASMINODORUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 265. t. 52.) anthers anfractuous ; style jointed ; leaflets 3, ovate, acute, apiculated, with entire undulated margins ; petals reflexed, puberulous ; tube of stamens thickened at the top and entire ; filaments 1-anthered ; petals reflexed, puberulous. Tj . S. Na- tive of Brazil in the province of Minas Novas. Trunk un- armed. Peduncles solitary, axillary, and on the naked branches. Flowers smelling of jasmine. Petals white, obovate. Jasmine-scented Wool- tree. Fl. May. Tree. Cult. These trees thrive best in a rich loamy soil, and cut- tings, not too ripe, taken off at a joint, not deprived of their leaves, will root freely if planted in sand under a hand-glass, placed in a moist heat; but plants raised from seeds make better trees. The trees grow to a large size before they flower in their native countries, it is therefore not likely they can ever be brought to flower in the stoves of this country. XII. CHORI'SIA (in honour of J. L. Choris, an eminent artist who went round the world with Kotzebue, at the expense of Count RomanzofF, see Romanzbvia). Kunth. diss. malv. p. 6. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 295. D. C. prod. 1. p. 480. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx campanulate, 2-5-lobed, with 3 permanent bracteas at the base. Petals 5, elongated. Staminiferous tube double, inner one slender, terete, VOL. i. — PART. vi. bearing on the outside at the apex 5 2-anthered lobes, adnate to the base of the outer one, which is short and of 5 bifid sterile lobes. Ovary sessile, ovate, 5-celled ? Style 1 , filiform, ex- ceeding in length the stamens, crowned by a 5-lobed capitate stigma. Capsule 5-valved, 1-celled ? many-seeded. Seeds enveloped in wool. Prickly trees with digitate leaves and large flowers, which are solitary, twin, or tern, in the axils of the upper leaves, with 2 or 3 bracteas under each. Petals villous. Wood soft, spongy. 1 C. INSI'GNIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 297. t. 485. f. 1.) petals oblong-spatulate, emarginate at the apex, with flat margins. Tj . S. Native on the banks of the river Amazon. Trunk ventricose. Leaflets 5, obovate-oblong, acu- minate, smooth, glaucous beneath, obsoletely and undulately-cre- nated towards the top. Flowers white. Remarkable Chorisia. Tree 50 feet. 2 C. SPECIOSA (St. Hil. pi. usu. bras. no. 63. fl. bras. 1 . p. 267.) petals ovately-spatulate, emarginate at the apex, with rather undulated margins ; leaflets 5-7, lanceolate, acuminated, entire at the base, but the rest acutely serrated. Jj . S. Na- tive of the provinces of Rio Janeiro and Minas Geraes, where it is called by the inhabitants Arvore de Paina. Petals white on the outside from down, but reddish and smooth within. The wool which accompanies the seeds is used to stuff bolsters and pillows in Brazil. Shervy Chorisia. Fl. March. Tree 40 feet. 3 C. VENTRICOSA (Nees. et Mart. act. bon. xi. p. 101. t. 9.) petals lanceolate-linear, acute, waved, pubescent outside ; leaflets 5-7, ovate, acuminated ; calyx 2-lobed. T; . S. Native of Brazil on the banks of Rio das Contas and Rio Itiquirica. Trunk bulged in the middle, covered with spine-like processes. Flowers white. Bombax ventricosa, Arrud. in Kost. trav. p. 489. Neuw. bras. reis. 2. p. 247. Ventricose-stemmed. Chorisia. Tree 20 feet. 4 C. CRISPIFLORA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. t. 485. f. 2.) petals linear, blunt, with undulately-curled margins; leaflets 5-7, lanceolate, acuminated, acutely serrated, reticulately nerved. fy . S. Native of Brazil in woods near Rio Janeiro. Flowers white on the outside from down, but smooth and reddish within. Curled-flowered Chorisia. Tree 40 feet. Cult, The species of Chorisia require the same treatment as that recommended for Eriodendron and Bombax. XIII. DtPRIO (from Duryon, the name of the fruit in the Malay language, which comes from dury, a thorn, in the same language, in allusion to the prickly fruit). Lin. syst. 698. but not of Allans. D.C. prod. 1. p. 480. Konig, in Lin. trans, vol 7. p. 266. LIN. SYST. Polyadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx 5-lobed (f. 87. &.), girded by a 2-lobed, concave involucel (f. 87. a.). Petals 5, joined together at the base into a tube, longer than the calyx, with a spreading limb (f. 87. c.). Stamens numerous, dis- posed in 5 bundles (f. 87. d.), each of these bundles is divided into 5 1-anthered filaments (f. 87. /•)• Anthers anfractuous (f. 87. e. d.). Ovary scaly (f. 87. h.). Style filiform (f. 87. L). Stigma roundish (f. 87. j.). Fruit roundish (f. 87. g.), muricated, about the size of the bread-fruit, 5-celled (f. 87. &.) ; cells filled with pulp, 4-5-seeded (f. 87. /•). Seeds shining, ovate- oblong. A large tree with oblong, acuminated leaves, rounded at the base, of a lurid-silvery colour beneath and lepidoted. !• D. ZIBETHINUS (Lin. syst. 698. Lam. ill. t. 641. Konig, in Lin. trans, vol. vii. t. 14, 15, and 16.). Jj . S. Native of the East Indies. — Rumph. amb. 1. p. 99. t. 20. — Rheed. rnal. Leaves like those of the cherry, green and smooth above and covered with brownish scales beneath. The fruit is about the 3U 514 BOMBACE^E. XIV. OCHROMA. XV. CHEIROSTEMON. STERCULIACE^E. size of a man's head. It is said to be the most delicious of all the fruits of India. The eatable part of it is that aril-like substance which contains the kernels, and which most resembles cream or the blanc-manger of our tables ; but a consider- able drawback from the extreme gratification it procures to the palate of the epicurean, is its intolerable stench ! even the rinds emit such an offensive effluvia, that at Amboyna, as Rumphius and Valentine state, it is forbidden by the law to throw them out near any public path. Some compare this smell to that of putrid animal substances, others to that of rotten onions ; but all agree that if the first repugnance is once over- come no fruit is more enticing than the durion. These qualities are so very well known, that it is surprising to find it mentioned in the Histoire des Voyages, and copied from thence by Lamarck in his Encyclopedic, that the fruit of the durion diffuses an excellent odour, but that its taste is rather unpleasant, it being that of fried onions. The fruit is used as a bait to entrap the civet-cat, which is very fond of it ; hence the specific name. Civet-cat Durion. Clt. 1825. Tree 80 feet. Cult. This tree will thrive well in a rich loamy soil, and cuttings not too ripe, taken off at a joint, not deprived of their leaves, will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. XIV. OCHRO'MA (from <>>xpof> ochros, yellow ; in allusion to the wool in the pods being yellow, as well as to the colour of the flowers). Swartz, act. holm. 1798. p. 148. t. 6. D. C. prod. 1. p. 480. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Pentandria. Calyx tubular at the base, somewhat funnel-shaped, hardly 5-cleft, with 3 rounded flat lobes and 2 acutish ones. Petals 5, larger than the calyx. Anthers anfractuous. Stigmas 5. Capsules 5-celled, clothed on the inside with silky brownish wool. Seeds numerous, ob- long. Trees with soft spongy wood, and long leaves, and soli- tary, terminal, 1 -flowered peduncles. 1 O. LAGO'PUS (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1144. t. 23.) leaves cordate, 5-7-angled, rather lobed, toothletted, downy beneath,with rusty nerves. Jj . S. Native of Jamaica, Hispaniola, Porto- Rico and the hotter parts of Mexico on the mountains. Bombax pyramidale, Cav. diss. 5. p. 294. t. 155. Flowers large, erect, pale-brown or yellowish. Capsule more than a foot long. The wood of this tree is white, tender, and so light, that it is used instead of corks to fishing nets. The capsules contain a very fine, soft, rufous down, in which the seeds are involved, and which down is said to be used in the manufacture of English beavers. Hare's-foot Ochroma. Clt. 1802. Tree 40 feet. 2 O. TOMENTOSA (Willd. enum. 693.) leaves cordate, some- what 3-lobed, repand, rather tomentose beneath. Tj . S. Native of South America. Tomentose-leaved Ochroma. Clt. 1816. Tree 20 feet. Cult. These trees grow freely in a mixture of loam and peat, and cuttings will root freely under a hand-glass, in heat. XV. CHEIROSTE'MON (from x«p, cheir, the hand, and rrri]jiov, stemon, a stamen ; the stamens are 5 in number; the filaments are united at the base, and are recurved at their top, which gives them the appearance of a hand). H.B. pi. sequin. 1. t. 44. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 302. D. C. prod. 1. p. 480. Chi- ranthodendron, Larr. diss. with a figure. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Decdndria. Calyx somewhat cam- panulate, 5-parted, furnished with 3 bracteas on the outside at the base; sepals deciduous, thick, coloured on the inside, foveolate at the base, 5 inches long in the bud. Petals none. Stamens ? Filaments connate into a tube which is 5-cleft at the top, with the lobes leaning to one side, exserted at the apex, mucronate, bearing on the back of each lobe two linear anthers which open lengthwise. Style 1. Stigma acute. Capsule oblong, 5-angled, 5-celled, 5-valved, with a villous dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds 15-18 in each cell, egg- shaped, corunculate. Albumen fleshy. Embryo slender. Co- tyledons flat. A tall tree 15 feet in diameter, with 5 or 6 lobed, palmate-nerved leaves, and solitary hoary-tomentose flowers on the branches nearly opposite the leaves, bi-bracteolate at the base. 1 C. PLATANOI'DES (H. B. 1. c.). ^ . S. Native of New Spain near Toluco. Tiles, act. Petrop. 5. p. 321. t. 9. Fisch. p. 581.— Hern. mex. 383. f. 1. and 459. f. 2. Plane-like Cheirostemon. Clt. 1820. Tree 100 feet. Cult. This fine tree succeeds well in a mixture of turfy loam and peat, or any rich light soil ; and half-ripened cuttings, planted in pots of mould, without shortening their leaves, placed under a hand-glass in heat, will soon strike root. ORDER XXXII. STERCULIAVCE,E (plants agreeing with Sterculia in important characters). Vent. R. Brown, cong. Kunth, diss. malv. p. C. nov. gen. amer. 5". p. 309. — Byttne- riacae, Tribe 1. Sterculeae, D. C. prod. 1. p. 1. p. 481. Flowers unisexual from abortion. Calyx naked, 4-5 -lobed, deciduous, constantly valvate in aestivation. Petals wanting. Stamens 4-5-20, monadelphous around the rudiment of the pistil, always quinary or quaternary in number. Anthers bilocular. Styles equal in number to the cells of the ovary, joined into one, crowned by as many stigmas or lobes. Car- pels 4-5, distinct, sometimes fewer from abortion, usually pedicellate, each crowned by a style, 1, or many-seeded, dehiscent above or indehiscent. Albumen fleshy or want- ing. Embryo erect, in the seeds with albumen the coty- ledons are flat and leafy, in those without albumen they are very thick and unequal, with an ovate, short radicle, pointing towards the hilum. This order is distinguished from Malvaceae and Bombacece in the anthers being 2-celled, not 1 -celled, from Bytlneriacece in the carpels being distinct and stellately disposed, not joined together into 1 fruit. It is distinguished from Tiliaccce in the filaments being monadelphous at the base, not free. The order is composed of large umbrageous tropical trees, with sim- ple or compound leaves, and axillary panicles or racemes of small, white, greenish, or brownish flowers. The seeds of many of the Sterculias are eatable, especially those of the famous Kola or Cola of Africa, which possess the property, being chewed, of rendering bad water pleasant to the palate. The seeds of the Chica, another noble species of the same genus, are highly esteemed in Brazil for the dessert. The seeds retain their vege- tative properties a considerable length of time, therefore they are easily introduced in a living state from their places of natural growth, but the most secure mode would be to plant them in a box of mould, and either send them off directly, or allow them to vegetate before they are shipped. STERCULIACE^E. I. STERCULIA. 515 Synopsis of the Genera. 1 STERCU LIA. Flowers polygamous or monoecious. Stamens monadelphous ; anthers 10-20 in one or two series, solitary or ternately aggregate. Carpels 5, distinct, stipitate, legume- formed, 1 or many-seeded, opening on the upper side. 2 TRI'PHACA. Flowers monoecious. Stamens 15, monadel- phous. Style 1. Carpels 3, legume-formed, many-seeded. 3 REEVE' SIA. Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens monadel- phous. Anthers 15, sessile on the top of the tube. Capsule stipitate, 5-celled, 5-valved ; cells 2-seeded ; seeds winged at the base. 4 HERETIE'RA. Flowers monoecious. Stamens monadelphous ; anthers 1 0, sessile on the top of the tube. Carpels 5, at length drupaceous, and carinately-winged, indehiscent ; 1 -seeded from abortion. I. STERCITLIA (from Sterculius, a god, derived from ster- cus. The Romans, in the height of Paganism have deified the objects of their greatest dislike, and the most immoral actions. They have the gods Sterculius Crepitus, and the goddesses Caca and Pertunda, &c. The flowers as well as the leaves of some species are fetid.) Lin. gen. no. 1086. D. C. prod. 1. p. 481. LIN. SYST. Monoecia, Monadelphia. Calyx 5-lobed, some- what coriaceous. Stamens monadelphous, disposed in a short sessile, or stipitate urceolus. Anthers adnate, 10-15-20 in one or two rows, solitary, or ternately-aggregate. Ovary stipitate or sessile. Carpels follicular, 5, or fewer from abortion, distinct, 1 -celled, 1 or many-seeded, opening on the upper side; seeds disposed in 2 series, along the suture of the carpels. Seeds with, fleshy albumen, and flat, leafy, equal cotyledons. Trees with simple or compound leaves and axillary panicles or racemes of flowers. This genus requires to be divided into other genera or sections according to the fructification, but as many of the species are not sufficiently known, they are here disposed artifi- cially. § 1 . Leaves ovate or oblong, entire, or rarely 3-lobed. 1 S. BLU'MII ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acuminated, quite entire, smooth ; racemes simple ; calycine segments con- nected at the apex ; carpels ovate. Jj . S. Native of Java. S. lanceolata, Blume, bijdr. ex. Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 654. Blume Sterculia. Tree 20 feet. 2 S. LANCEOLAVTA (Cav. diss. 5. p. 287. t. 144. f. 1.) leaves quite entire, smooth ; racemes simple ; calycine segments spreading; carpels few-seeded. fj . G. Native of China. Lindl. bot. reg. 1256. Carpels oblong, crimson. Seeds black. Flowers reddish-brown, stellate, in small, axillary panicles. Leaves ovate- lanceolate. This differs from the preceding species in the sepals being spreading, not cohering at the base. Lanceolate-\ea.\ed Sterculia. Tree 20 feet. 3 S. BALA'NGHAS (Lin. spec. 1438. excl. syn. Rumph.) leaves elliptic-oblong, bluntish, entire, nearly smooth ; flowers panicled ; segments of calyx linear, cohering at the apex ; carpels ovate or obovate, many-seeded. Tj • S. Native of Malabar and Java. Cavalam, Rheed. mal. 1. t. 49. S. Balanghas, Cav. diss. 5. p. 286.1.143. Lois. herb. amer. t. 843. — Balanghas dicta, Burm. zeyl. 84. Flowers purplish. According to Rumphius the seeds are considered as esculent by the inhabitants of Amboyna, who roast them for this purpose, while the capsules are burned for the preparation of the pigment called cassoumba. Balanghas Sterculia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1787. Tree 30 feet. 4 S. NO'BILIS (Smith, in Rees' cyclop, no. 4.) leaves elliptic- oblong, entire, smooth ; segments of calyx linear, cohering at the apex ; carpels ovate, mucronate, 1 -4-seeded. Tj . S. Na- tive of China. S. monosperma, Vent. malm. t. 91. S. Balanghas, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 5. p. 338. Southwellia nobilis, Sal. par. lond. t. 69. exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers panicled, pale buff-coloured, with the odour of Vanilla. Seed black. Noble Sterculia. Clt. 1787. Tree 20 feet. 5 S. ACUMINA'TA (Beauv. fl. d'ow. 1. t. 24.) leaves oblong- acuminated, quite entire, smooth, on long stalks ; flowers in axil- lary panicles; anthers in two rows, sessile ; carpels 1 -2-seeded. Tj . S. Native of the tropical parts of Africa, particularly on the western coast. Flowers white, with spreading segments. Carpels usually 2, opposite from abortion. There are two varieties of the Cola, one with white, the other with reddish seeds. The seeds are about the size of horse-chesnuts. The seeds of this species are known throughout tropical Africa by the name of Cola or Kola. They have long been celebrated by voyagers as possessing a high degree of value among the natives of Guinea, who take a portion of one of them before each of their meals, for they believe them to en- hance the flavour of any thing they may subsequently eat or drink. The seeds formerly were said to be held in such high estimation among the natives of Guinea, that 50 of them were sufficient to purchase a wife, but at present 20 or 30 seeds can be purchased for a handful of cowries, while 2 or 3 tons of cowries would not purchase a perfect female at the present day. We have eaten the seeds, they have a very bitter taste ; they are about the size of a pigeon's egg, of a brownish colour ; they are supposed to possess the same properties as Peruvian-bark. Acuminated-leaved. Sterculia or Cola. Clt. 1795. Tr. 40 ft. 6 S. MACROCA'RPA ; leaves oblong, acuminate, entire, smooth, on long stalks ; flowers axillary, panicled ; anthers in two rows, sessile? carpels 4-C- seeded. Tj . S. Native of Guinea. Flowers white. Pods generally 2 from abortion, opposite. The seeds of this tree are also known under the name of Cola in Guinea ; they possess the same qualities as those of Sterculia acuminata. Long-fruited Cola. Tree 40 feet. 7 S. LONGIFOLIA (Vent. malm. no. 91. in adn.) leaves ovate- oblong, smooth, quite entire ; flowers panicled, terminal ; seg- ments of calyx erect, hairy on the inside. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers white from down. Fruit unknown. Long-leaved Sterculia. Tree 20 feet. 8 S. RUBIGINOSA (Vent. malm. no. 91. adn.) leaves oblong, acuminated, smooth above, but clothed with rusty tomentum be- neath ; racemes simple, tomentose ; segments of calyx conniving at the apex ; carpels acuminate, many-seeded, wrinkled, and naked on the inside. Jj . S. Native of Java. This tree, according to Smith, is the same as S. Balanghas of Cav. Rusted-lezved. Sterculia. Tree 20 feet. 9 S. PUBE'SCENS ; leaves oval-oblong, cordate at the base, entire, rarely tricuspidate at the apex, covered with rusty down beneath, as well as the petioles and young branches, on long stalks ; flowers in panicles, axillary, crowded ; segments of calyx cohering at the apex ; carpels 4-5, pubescent, 4-5-seeded. Tj . S. Native of Guinea. S. tragacantha, Lindl. bot. reg. 1363. Resembles S. Balanghas. Flowers greenish-red from down. Seeds small, red. There is a gum collected from this tree resembling gum tragacanth in its properties, but it is probable that many of the species have the same kind of substance, as it seems nothing more than the concrete state of the mucilage which is so universal in this order and the two preceding. Downy-leaved Sterculia. Clt. 1793. Tree 20 feet. 10 S. GRANDiFLO^ftA (Vent. malm. no. 91. in a note.) leaves 3 u 2 516 STERCULIACE^E. I. STERCULIA. ovate, acuminated, entire, smooth ; calycine segments spread- ing ; tube of stamens almost sessile ; styles 5, reflexed. fy . S. Native of the East Indies and the Mauritius. Great-fontered Sterculia. Clt. 1820. Tree. 11 S. NI'TIDA (Vent. malm. no. 91. in a note.) leaves lanceo- late-oblong, acuminated, entire, smooth ; calycine segments spreading ; urceolus of stamens almost sessile, Jj . S. Native of Africa. Flowers probably dioecious, in axillary panicles. Shining-leaved Sterculia. Tree 20 feet. 12 S. FRONDOSA (Rich. act. soc. nat. par. p. 111.) leaves oblong-obovate, very blunt, somewhat repand, smooth, shining, crowded at the top of the branches ; panicles axillary, on long peduncles. Jj . S. Native of French Guiana. Leafy Sterculia. Tree 20 feet. 13 S. URCEOLA'TA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 3.) leaves ellip- tical-oblong, acute, pale, coriaceous, smooth, young ones velvety beneath ; panicles contracted, few-flowered, hardly longer than the petioles, tomentose ; calyx bottle-shaped, stel- lately-tomentose, with the segments connected at the base, fj . S. Native of the island of Honimoa near Amboyna. Clompanus minor. Rumph. amb. 3. p. 169. t. 107. Carpels many-seeded, scarlet. Flowers of a dirty-white colour, with an offensive smell. Seeds small, red. {7rceo&i> . S. Native of the East Indies. A. augusta and A. Wheleri, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1424 and 1425. A. fastu6sa, Jacq. vind. 3. p. 3. t. 1. Gsert. fruct. 1. p. 306. t. 64. Peduncles terminal opposite the leaves. Lower leaves cordate, 3-5-lobed, 5-7- nerved, upper ones ovate-lanceolate, undivided. Flowers droop- ing, of a dark dirty purple-colour. August Abroma. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1770. Tree 10 feet. 2 A. FASTUO SA (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 409.) branches muricated ; adult leaves scabrous from forked or sim- ple bristles ; wings of capsule somewhat truncate at the apex, with the exterior angle acuminated. ^. S. Native of the island of Timor and New Holland. A. fastuosum, Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 307. t. 64. Sal. par. lond. t. 102. Lower leaves cordate, acutely 5-lobed, upper ones ovate, somewhat cordate, undivided. Flowers dark-purple. Disdainful Abroma. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1800. Tree 10 ft. 3 A. MO'LLIS(D. C.prod. 1. p. 485.) branches rather velvety ; adult leaves cordate, acuminated, serrated, velvety from very short, soft, crowded down, and stellate bristles ; lower leaves roundish, cordate, somewhat 5-lobed ; wings-of capsule truncate at the apex, with the exterior angle obtuse. T? . S. Native of the Moluccas and Java. Lower leaves cordate, roundish, scarcely lobed ; upper ones also cordate, acuminated, serrated, on very short stalks, all are soft and velvety to the touch. Flowers dark-purple. Soft-leaved Abroma. Tree 1 0 feet ? Cult. The species of Abroma will thrive well in any light rich soil, or a mixture of loam and peat. Cuttings will root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. Seeds ripen in abund- III. GUAZITMA (a name of Mexican origin, employed by Plumier,) Plum. gen. 36. t. 18. Juss. Cav. and Pers. D. C. prod. 1. p. 485. — Bubroma, Schreb. gen. no. 1216. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Decdndria. Calyx of 5 sepals, diversely connate, 2-3-parted. Petals 5, ending in a bifid li- gula at the apex. Filaments of stamens monadelphous at the base, with a very short exserted tube, divided into 5 sterile, ovate, entire lobes, and 5 linear fertile ones, which are trifid at the apex, each division bearing 1 anther each at their apexes. Styles 5, conniving. Capsules woody, tubercled, filled with mucilage, imperfectly 5-valved, 5-celled, opening by a tenfold number of holes, many-seeded. Seeds angular. Albumen fleshy. Cotyledons flattish. Trees covered with stellate down. Leaves alternate, simple, cordate and unequal at the base, cadu- cous. Stipulas lateral. Peduncles axillary and terminal, somewhat dichotomously branched. The species are probably mere varieties. 1 G. ULMIFOLIA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 52.) adult leaves smooth on both surfaces. fj.S. Native of the West Indies. Theobroma Guazuma, Lin. spec. 1100. Plum. ed. Burm. t. 144. but with the leaves less cordate, and the racemes less elongated. Pluk. aim. t. 77. f. 5. Bubroma Guazuma, and perhaps B. Invira, Willd.. enum. 806. The leaves, according to M. De Candolle, are ovate or oblong, unequally toothed, acuminate at the apex ; younger ones hardly downy on the nerves, with stellate hairs. Petals yellow, with two purple awns at the apex. A wide spreading tree, not unlike the elm, with leaves that sleep hanging quite down, whilst the petioles remain entirely stiff" and straight. BYTTNERIACE-SL III. GUAZUMA. IV. GLOSSOSTEMON. V. COMMERSONIA. 523 It grows in the lowlands of Jamaica and other West India Islands, forming a very agreeable shade for the cattle, and supplying them with food in dry weather, when all the herbage is burned up or exhausted. The pods are filled with mucilage, which is very agreeable to the palate ; it can be sweetened at pleasure. It has the taste of green figs. The wood is light, and so easily wrought, that it is generally used by coach-makers in all the side pieces. (Browne.) It is also frequently cut into staves for casks. A decoction of the inner bark is very glutinous, and very like that of elm. It is said to be excellent in elephantiasis, a disorder to which the negroes are much subject. The old bark .passes for a sudorific, and is said to be excellent in dis- eases of the chest, for this purpose boil three or four ounces in three pints of water, and let it be reduced to two. Elm-leaved Bastard-cedar or Orme d'Amerique. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1789. Tree 40 to 60 feet. 2 G. TOMENTO'SA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 320.) leaves rather hairy above, but clothed with fine white tomentum beneath. Pj . S. Bubroma tomentosum, Spreng. Perhaps suf- ficiently distinct from both the other species. Flowers yellow ; petals ciliated. Leaves serrated. Var. a, Mompoxensis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) corymbs twice as long as the leaves ; calyx 2-parted. Tj . S. Native of South America about Mompox, at the river Magdalena, and in New Andalusia. Var. ? /3, Cumanensis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) panicles one- half shorter than the leaves ; calyx 3-parted. Tj . S. Native of South America near Cutnana. Perhaps a proper species. Tomentose-lezved. American Elm. Clt. 1816. Tree 12 feet. 3 G. POLYBO'TRYA (Cav. icon. 3. p. 51. t. 299.) leaves vel- vety-tomentose from starry down beneath, younger ones pubes- cent above, adult ones smooth. ^ . S. Native of New Spain and St. Domingo, and perhaps of Brazil, if Bubroma polybo- tryum, Willd. enum. 806. is the same. — Guacimo, Hern. mex. 401. f. 1. Leaves equal at the base and toothed. Many-racemed Bastard-cedar. Clt. 1816. Tree 20 feet. 4 G. BLU'MII ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, cordate at the base, unequal-sided and unequally toothed, stellately-puberu- lous above, white beneath from stellate down. lj . S. Native of Java. G. tomentosa, Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 655. but not of Kunth. Blume's Bastard-cedar. Tree 30 feet. 5 G. GRANDIFLORA ; leaves large, oblong, abruptly acumi- nated, quite entire, 3- nerved, pale beneath; peduncles subrace- mose, and are as well as the calyxes densely tomentose. T; . S. Native of Brazil. Bubr6ma grandiflorum, Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 332. Great-Jlowered American Elm. Tree 40 feet. 6 G. INVI'RA ; leaves subcordate, lanceolate, unequally ser- rated, smoothish. 1? . S. Native of Brazil, where it is called Invira. Bubroma Invira, Willd. enum. 806. Invira American Elm. Tree 40 feet. Cult. The species thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, or any rich light soil ; and cuttings root freely in any kind of soil if placed under a hand-glass in heat. The seeds retain their power of vegetation a considerable time. IV. GLOSSOSTE'MON (from y\ tomentose beneath ; mu- crones of petals shorter than the segments of the calyx. lj . G. Native of New Holland about Port Jackson. Flowers white. Hermannia-leaved Byttneria. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1823. Sh. § 2. Unarmed species, natives of America, and one from the Mauritius. 4 B. MACROPHY'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 315.) leaves cordate, ovate-roundish, obtuse, serrate-crenate, marked at the base with a clear spot, and are as well as branches pubescent ; peduncles many-flowered, axillary, usually in threes. T/.S. Native of New Granada near Honda. Points of petals dark-purple. Long-leaved Byttneria. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 5 B. MELASTOMOIDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 144. t. 28.) stem suffruticose, nearly simple ; leaves "ovate, quite entire, smooth, upper ones lanceolate ; panicle terminal, elongated, nearly simple ; tube of stamens 5-lobed ; lobes very obtuse, 3- crenate, sterile ; anthers sessile beneath the lobes. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. Racemes compound, involucrated, disposed in umbel -like fascicles along the rachis. Melastoma-like Byttneria. Fl. July. Shrub 2 feet. 6 B. GAYA'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 145.) stem shrubby, scandent, unarmed ; leaves oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, long- acuminated, quite entire, smoothish ; peduncles axillary, umbel- liferous ; tube of stamens 5-cleft, with the antheriferous divisions a little below. Tj . ,_,. S. Native of Brazil in the province of St. Paul. Petals dark-purple, ending in yellow points. Gay's Byttneria. Fl. March. Shrub climbing. 7 B. SID^EFOLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 146.) stem suffruticose, climbing, unarmed ; leaves heart-shaped, acuminated, very acute, quite entire; corymbs sublateral ; tube of stamens 10-cleft, 5 sterile divisions broadest, antheriferous, 5, very short and nar- row. 1? . w. S. Native of Brazil on the banks of the river Parahyba near Uba. Petals smooth, white. Sida leaved Byttneria. Fl. Feb. Shrub cl. or tw. 8 B. BRASILIE'NSIS (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 790.) leaves subcor- date-oblong, acuminated, triple-nerved, serrated, floccosely-to- mentose ; peduncles axillary, subracemose ; branches terete, tomentose. Jj . S. Native of Brazil. Brazilian Byttneria. Shrub. 9 B. CATALP^FOLIA (Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 1. t. 46.) leaves cordate, quite entire, smooth, acuminate ; stem climbing, tj . w. S. Native of Caraccas. Flowers white. Peduncles solitary or tern, axillary, panicled. Calalpa-leaved Byttneria. Clt. 1823. Shrub cl. 10 B. HETEROPHY'LLA (Hook, bot. misc. pt. 3. p. 287. t. 61.) climbing ; leaves cordate, with a short acumen, entire, lohed, or palmate ; petals with a tooth on each side of the saccate part. ^ . w. S. Native of the Mauritius, and Madagascar. Telfairia volubilis, Newm. mss. Heterophyllum ramosum, Bojer. mss. Panicles axillary. Leaves pubescent in the axils of the veins. Calyx scarlet. Petals yellow, but reddish on the back, ending in a long, linear, ciliated point. BYTTNERIACE^E. VI. BYTTNERIA. VII. AYENIA. 525 Various-leaved Byttneria. Shrub climbing. § 3. Species prickly on the stems, branches, yeiioles, and nerves. 11 B. HIRSU'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 10.) leaves cor- date, acute, crenate, hairy beneath, with the ribs and petioles prickly ; peduncles compound, crowded. Jj . S. Native of Peru on the Andes. Flowers umbellate, involucrate. Petals yellow at the base but purple at the apex. Hairy Byttneria. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 12 B. MO'LLIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 314. t. 481. a and 6.) leaves cordate, acuminated, crenate, un- armed, soft, tomentose, marked with a clear spot at the base ; branches prickly, villous, tomentose; umbels 7-11-flowered, axillary, and opposite the leaves, solitary or tern. Tj ? S. Native of South America near Santa Fe de Bogota. Calyx red. Points of petals white. Soft-leaved Byttneria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 13 B. CORDA'TA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 523.) leaves cordate, acu- minate, serrate, with 1 gland beneath, pubescent ; petioles un- ' armed ; stems prickly ; peduncles pendulous, usually tern, unequal 6-7-flowered, umbellate. lj . S. Native of Peru near Lima, in hedges at Chancay. Cav. diss. 5. p. 291. t. 150. Raem. et Schultz. syst. 1. p. 469. exclusive of synonym of Willd. Petals white, villous, with yellow mucrones. CWate-leaved Byttneria. Fl. July. Clt. 1793. Sh. 4 ft. 14 B. CELTOIDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 141. t. 24.) stem shrubby, procumbent, prickly ; leaves ovate-oblong, with a long acumen, cordate at the base, obsoletely serrated, puberulous on both surfaces, roughish above ; panicle axillary, umbelliferous, shorter than the leaves ; tube of stamens 1 0-cleft, each division containing 5 anthers. Tj . S. Native of Brazil near Cana- braba. Petals dark-purple. Celtis-like Byttneria. Fl. April. Shrub 6 to 7 feet. 15 B. SAGITT^EFOLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 142. t. 27.) stem suffruticose, erect; leaves arrow-shaped, acute, upper ones toothed at the top ; petioles triquetrous ; raceme terminal ; tube of stamens 5-lobed ; lobes 3-toothed, sterile ; anthers sessile beneath the lobes. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals yellowish-green, ending in dark-purple ligulse. Raceme composed of involucrated umbels. The stem is covered with tubercles or prickles, which are evident under a microscope. Var. /3, puberula (St. Hil. 1. c.) stem puberulous ; leaves less rough, entire at the apex ; bracteas leafy ; umbels much longer than in the species. Province of St. Paul. Arrow-leaved Byttneria. Shrub 2 feet. 16 B. AUSTRA'LIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 145.) stem shrubby, prickly, scandent ? leaves oblong with long acumens, obtuse at the base, quite entire, bearded in the axils of the nerves ; pe- duncles sublateral, umbelliferous ; tube of stamens 5-lobed. T? . ,_,. S. Native of Brazil in the province of St. Catherine. Petals ending in dark purple points. Southern Byttneria. Shrub cl. 17 B. SULCA'TA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 10.) leaves cor- date, ovate, serrated, pubescent, with the ribs and petioles prickly ; peduncles twin, 3-5-flowered. Tj . S. Native in the warmer parts of Peru. Petals green at the base, with dark- purple points. Furroned-stemmed Byttneria. Shrub. 18 B. LANCEOLA'TA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ind. D. C. prod. 1. p. 487.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, somewhat cordate, rarely serrated, acuminate, and are unarmed as well as the pe- tioles ; stem prickly, climbing, angular ; peduncles tern, 5-7- flowered. \i . S. Native of Mexico on the mountains. Petals white with purple points. Lanceolate-leaved Byttneria. Shrub cl. 19 B. OVA'TA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 522.) leaves ovate, serrate- toothed, smooth ; petioles unarmed; branches 5 -angled, prickly; stem erect; pedicels 3-6, axillary, 1 -flowered, drooping. Tj . S. Native of Peru. Cav. diss. 5. p. 291. t. 149. f. 1. Flowers villous, white, with purple ciliated mucrones. Oua/e-leaved Byttneria. Shrub 8 feet. 20 B. MICROPHY'LLA (Lin. mant. 209.) leaves elliptical, quite entire, but emarginate at the apex ; prickles stipular ; pedicels short, 3-9, axillary, 1-flowered. T; . S. Native of St. Domingo near Port au Prince. Cav. diss. 5. p. 292. t. 143. f. 2. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 29. Flowers white with purple mucrones. Small-leaved Byttneria. Fl. Ju. Clt. 1816. Shrub 5 ft. 21 B. TERETICAU'LIS (Lam. diet. 1. p. 523.) leaves lanceo- late, acuminated, quite entire ; branches, petioles, and stems terete, prickly; pedicels solitary, lateral, 1-flowered. Tj . S. Native of Peru. Cav. diss. 5. p. 292. t. 149. f. 2. Flowers white, with purple mucrones ? Sound-stemmed Byttneria. Shrub 4 feet. 22 B. SCA'BRA (Lin. syst. 197.) leaves lanceolate, toothed, somewhat hastate at the base ; branches, petioles, and pedun- cles angular ; stems prickly ; peduncles axillary, numerous, subumbellate ; tube of stamens 10-crenate. 1? . S. Native of South America between Cayenne and Couron. Cav. diss. 5. p. 291. t. 148. f. 1. Aubl. guian. t. 96. Flowers white, with red mucrones ; anthers yellow. Scabrous Byttneria. Fl. July. Clt. 1793. Shrub 3 to 5 ft. 23 B. CARTHAGENE'NSIS (Jacq. amer. ed. pict. p. 41.) cauline leaves ovate, those of the branches ovate-lanceolate, bluntly acuminate, entire ; ribs of leaves, petioles, and rambling branches prickly ; racemes short, axillary, aggregate. Ij . S. Native of Carthagena at the margins of woods. B. aculeata, Jacq. amer. 76. Chaetae'a aculeata, Jacq. enum. 17. Flowers small, white, withered mucrones. Carthagena Byttneria. Fl. Sept. Oct. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. •f" Species not sufficiently knorvn. 24 B. ACUMINA^TA (Bred, ex Willd. rel. in Raem. and Schult. syst. 5. p. 470.) leaves ovate, acuminate, unarmed ; petioles somewhat prickly ; stem round, prickly. Tj . S. Native of Caraccas. Acuminate-leaved Byttneria. Shrub. 25 B. SALICIFOLIA (H. et. B. ex Willd. rel. in Raem. and Schult. syst. 5. p. 470.) leaves lanceolate, smooth ; stem angu- lar, and is as well as the petioles and ribs of leaves prickly, t; . S. Native of Cumana. Willow-leaved Byttneria. Shrub. 26 B. CORYLIFOUA (H. et B. 1. c.) leaves oblong, somewhat cordate, serrate, acute ; stem prickly. ^ . S. Native of South America. Hazel-leaved Byttneria. Fl. ? Shrub ? Cult. The species of this genus are of easy culture ; they thrive best in a mixture of loam and peat. Ripened cuttings of the stove species root freely in mould or sand under a hand- glass, in heat , and young cuttings of the greenhouse species will root freely in sand under a hand-glass ; they also may be raised from seeds, which sometimes ripen in this country. The herbaceous kinds may be either increased by dividing the plants at the roots or by seeds. None of them are worth cultivating except in general collections. VII. AYE'NIA (in honour of the Duke D' Ayen of the house of Noailles, who has contributed to the progress of botany by 526 BYTTNERIACE2E. VII. AYENIA. VIII. KLEINHOVIA. IX. SERINGIA. X. LASIOPETALUM. his zeal in collecting plants), Lin. gen. no. 1020. D. C. prod, l.p. 487. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Decdndria. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, arched, broadest at the apex, with long claws, ending each in 1 or 2 pedicellate glands. Urceolus of stamens 10-1 5-toothed, 5 or 10 of which are sterile, and the 5 alternate ones bearing 1 anther each. Style 1. Stigma 5-angled. Carpels 5, 2- valved, 1 -seeded, conniving into a somewhat globose echinated fruit. Albumen wanting. Cotyledons leafy, convolute. Plants with simple, serrate leaves, and axillary, few-flowered peduncles. 1 A. PUSI'LLA (Lin. spec. 1354.) leaves ovate, smoothish, sharply serrated ; stems prostrate ; peduncles short, 2-3-flowered, axillary. Q. S. Native of the Caribbee Islands, as well as of Peru. Cav. diss. 5. p. 289. t. 147. Lin. in act. holm. 1756. p. 23. t. 2. Dayenia, Mill, illust. t. 118. — Sloane, hist. t. 132. f. 2. A weak shrubby plant. Petals reddish, each ending in a black mucrone. ZCj . G. Cav. diss. 6. t. 176. f. 1. Hermannia ciliaris, Lin. fil. suppl. 302. — Pluk. mant. t. 344. f. 3. Flowers yellow, with red veins. There are 2 varieties of this plant, one with almost smooth leaves, the other with ciliated leaves. The leaves are opposite, pinnatifid, or trifid, and the stipulas are large and trifid, giving the appearance of whorled leaves. 07iorfcd-leaved Mahernia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. 2 ft. 2 M. RESED^EFOLIA (Burch. cat. no. 2280.) leaves smooth, FIG. 91. pinnate-parted, with linear, entire lobes; stipulas cut, trifid. Jj . G. Resembles M. verticillata. Flowers yellow, streaked with red. Peduncles elongated, 2-flowered. Mignonette-leaved Mahernia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 3 M. BIPINNA'TA (Lin. syst. 253.) leaves smooth, twice pin- nate-parted into linear lobes ; peduncles axillary, elongated, 2- flowered. I? . G. Cav. diss. 6. t. 176. f. 2. M. pinnata, Curt, bot. mag. t. 277. Hermannia pinnata, Lin. 943. exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers drooping, red. Bipinnate-\ea\ed Mahernia. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1752. Shrub 1 foot. 4 M. INCISA (Jacq. schcenbr. 1. t. 54.) leaves pinnate-lobed, covered with glandular, stellate, and simple down; pedun- cles usually 2-flowered. f? . G. Curt. bot. mag. t. 353. Flowers in the bud of a deep-crimson, as they open they incline to a deep-orange, and finally become yellowish. CuMeaved Mahernia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1792. Sh. 2 to 4ft. 5 M. DIFFU SA (Jacq. schcenbr, 2. t. 201.) leaves smooth, pinnatifid; peduncles 2 - flowered, and are erect as well as branches ; stem scabrous, procumbent, diffuse. Jj . G. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 187. Hermannia diffusa, Lin. fil. suppl. 302. Flowers drooping,yellow. Diffuse Mahernia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 6 M. HETEROPHY'LLA (Cav. diss. 6. p. 324. t. 178. f. I.) leaves opposite, and in whorls, scabrous from scattered stellated tomentum, linear-wedge-shaped, coarsely-toothed ; stipulas li- near, entire ; peduncles velvety, somewhat terminal, 2-4-flower- ed. Tj . G. Hermannia grossularisefolia, Lin. spec. 943. Flowers bright-yellow. Various-leaved Hermannia. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1731. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 7 M. ERODiofDEs (Burch. cat. no. 1491.) leaves smooth, ovate, obtuse, deeply toothed, with unequal, obtuse lobules ; stipulas ovate ; peduncles 2-flowered, twice as long as the leaves. Jj . G. Flower probably yellow. Erodium-like Mahernia. Shrub 1 foot? 8 M. SESSILIFO'LIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 496.) leaves pinnate- parted, with linear, entire, acute lobes ; lower leaves, as well as stems, beset with bristly hairs ; branches twiggy, smooth at the top ; peduncles 1-2-flowered. Jj. G. Flowers yellow? Sessile-leaved Mahernia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 9 M. RU'TILA (Jacq. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 28.) leaves sub- pinnatifid, oblong, cut, scabrous ; stem procumbent, hairy ? Jj .G. Ruddy Mahernia. Fl. June, July. Shrub 1 foot. 10 M. PULCHE'LLA (Cav. diss. 6. p. 325. t. 177. f. 3.) leaves smooth, pinnatifid, with entire or cut, blunt lobes ; stipulas ovate, ending in a bristle; peduncles 2-flowered, drooping, shorter than the leaves ; stem erect, rather scabrous. Tj . G. Hermannia pulchella, Lin. fil. suppl. 302. Flowers small, reddish. Neat Mahernia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1792. Shrub | to 1 ft. 11 M. ERA'GRANS (Rchb. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 29.) leaves linear-lanceolate, acutely and deeply pinnatifid, hispid from stel- late hairs beneath ; stipulas 3-parted ; bracteas connate ; pedicels hispid. fy . G. Flowers red ? Fragrant Mahernia. Fl. April, July. Shrub 1 foot. 12 M. VERNICA'TA (Burch. cat. no. 1461. trav. 1. p. 278.) BYTTNERIACE^E. XIX. MAHERNIA. XX. RUIZIA. XXI. PENTAPETES. 535 the whole plant is very smooth ; leaves pinnatifid, with entire, blunt lobes ; stipulas ovate ; peduncles usually 2-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; stem erect. Jj . G. Flowers nodding, of a vermilion colour. famished Mahernia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 13 M. GLABRA'TA (Cav. diss. 6. p. 326. t. 200. f. 1.) leaves roughish from dots and stellated down, lanceolate, distantly, pin- natifidly toothed ; stipulas ovate, mucronate ; peduncles very long, 2-flowered. Tj . G. Jacq. schcenbr. 1. t. 53. Hermannia gla- brata, Lin. fil. suppl. 301. Mahernia odorata, Andr. bot. rep. t. 85. Flowers drooping, yellow, witli a scent like the Jon- quil ; they are rather large. Smooth Mahernia. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1789. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 14 M. OXALIDIFLO'RA (Burch. cat. no. 1536. trav. 1. p. 295.) leaves smooth, pinnatifid, with entire, acutish lobes ; stipulas ovate, acute ; branches erect, rather scabrous ; peduncles 1-2- flowered, longer than the leaves, fj . G. Resembles M. ver- nicata, but with the leaves more deeply cut, and with flowers twice the size. Flowers red or yellow. Oxalis-flowered Mahernia. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1817. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 15 M. GRANDIFLO'RA (Burch. trav. 1. p. 295. and bot. reg. 3. t. 224.) leaves lanceolate-cuneated, obtuse, serrate-toothed, white beneath ; peduncles usually 2-flowered, divaricating, and are as well as the calyxes clammy. ^ . G. Paters, trav. p. 60 with a figure. Flowers campanulate, the largest of all the genus, drooping, red. M. Burchellii, Sweet. Great-Homered Mahernia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1812. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 16 M. BISERRATA (Cav. diss. 6. p. 326. t. 200. f. 2.) leaves smooth, ovate-lanceolate, unequally toothed ; stipulas lanceolate, mucronate ; peduncles 3-flowered, length of leaves. Tj . G. Hermannia biserrata, Lin. fil. suppl. 302. Flowers yellow. Habit of Hermannia. Twice-serrate-leaved Mahernia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 17 M. VESICA'RIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 497.) leaves clothed with stellate hairs beneath, lanceolate, pinnatifid, with 2-3- toothed lobes ; stipulas setaceous ; stem hairy ; flowers terminal, racemose ; peduncles 1 -flowered; fruit inflated, 5-angled. 17 . G. Native of? Hermannia vesicaria, Cav. diss. 6. p. 331. t. 181. f. 2. M. odorata, var. /3? incisa, Pers. ench. 2. p. 218. Flowers yellow. Filaments obcordate, hairy. Bladdery-capsuled Mahernia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 18 M. LINNJEOI'DES (Burch. cat. no. 1878.) leaves ovate- roundish, crenated, clothed with dots of stellate down ; stipulas acute ; pedicels 1 -2-flowered, much longer than the leaves. I/ . G. Flowers red ? A very distinct species, with the habit of Linnce'a borealis. Linncea-like Mahernia. PI. -J foot. 19 M.? VIOLA'CEA (Burch. cat. no. 3098.) leaves ovate, ob- tuse, toothed, smooth ; peduncles 1-3-flowered, longer than the leaves, and opposite them. "%. 1 G. Flowers of a violet-colour. Plant with the habit of Melbchia pyramidata. Violaceous-fiovtered Mahernia. PI. 1 foot. 20 M. SPINO'SA (Burch. trav. 1. p. 279.) leaves minute, wedge-shaped, usually 3-toothed at the apex, and are smcoth as well as the erect, branched stem. Tj • G. Spinose Mahernia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. Cult. Mahernia is a genus of pretty little shrubs. An equal mixture of loam and peat suits them best, and young cuttings taken off at a joint, and planted in the same kind of soil, under a hand-glass, will root readily. Tribe IV. DOMBE YA' CEjE (plants agreeing with Dombeya in im- portant characters.) Kunth, malv. p. 12. D. C. prod. 1. p. 497. Calyx 5-lobed (f. 92. a.). Petals 5, flat, large, rather unequal- sided (f. 92. 6.), convolute when in the bud. Stamens multiple the number of petals, in one row, monadelphous (f. 92. d. c.), rarely all fertile, but generally intermixed with sterile thread- like filaments, or strap-formed ones (f. 92. d.); with 2 or 3 fer- tile ones between each sterile one (f. 92. c.). Styles 3-5, joined (f. 92. /.) or free. Ovulae 2 in each cell, or if more they are disposed in 2 rows. Embryo straight, located in the axis of a fleshy albumen. Cotyledons leafy, usually bifid, twisted, or flat. This tribe contains shrubs and trees usually with large elegant flowers. XX. RUI'ZIA (in honour of Don Hippolito Ruiz, a traveller in Peru and Chili, author of Flora Peruviana et Chilensis, in 5 vols. 4to. in conjunction with Pavon, see Pavbnia.') Cav. diss. p. 3. 117. D. C. prod. 1. p. 497. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx permanent, 5-parted, surrounded by a 3-leaved, deciduous involucel. Petals 5. Stamens 30-40, joined into an urceolus, all bearing anthers. Styles 10. Carpels 10, woody-membranous, 2-seeded, cohering closely together. Seeds rather triquetrous, not winged. — Shrubs, natives of the Mauritius. Leaves lobed or entire, clothed with mealy down beneath. Peduncles axillary, bifid, corymbose. Flowers small. 1 R. CORDA'TA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 117. t. 36. f. 2.) leaves cor- date, oblong, acuminated, repand, hoary. Jj. S. Native of the island of Bourbon. Flowers pale-yellow. Cordate-leaved Ruizia. Shrub 6 feet. 2 R. LOBA'TA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 118. t. 36. f. 1.) leaves cor- date, crenated, 3-5-lobed, oblong, middle lobe longest and acu- minated, hoary beneath, and smooth above, fj . S. Native of the island of Bourbon. Flowers pale-red. Zo&ed-leaved Ruizia. Clt. 1816. Shrub 6 feet. 3 R. VARIA'BILIS (Jacq. schcenbr. 3. t. 295.) leaves of flower- ing branches palmatifid, those of sterile branches palmate- parted, hoary beneath. Tj . S. Native of the island of Bourbon. R. palmata, Cav. diss. 3. p. 1 19. t. 37. f. 1. Flowers pale-red. Var. /3, laciniata (Cav. diss. 3. p. 119. t. 37. f. 2.) leaves palmate-parted, with linear, very narrow, pinnatifid lobes. *j . S. Native of the island of Bourbon. Flowers pale-red. Variable-leaved Ruizia. Fl. May. Clt. 1792. Shrub 10 ft. Cult. The species of Ruizia thrive well in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat ; and cuttings will root freely if planted in the same kind of soil under a hand-glass, in heat. XXI. PENTA'PETES (one of the names given by the Greeks to Cinquefoil, from irtvre, pente, five, in allusion to the 5-celled fruit.) Lin. gen. no. 834. D. C. prod. 1. p. 498.— Brotera, Cav. icon. 5. p. 19. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx deciduous, girded by a unilateral, 3-leaved involucel. Petals 5. Stamens with 3 antheriferous filaments between each sterile one. Style 1, with 5 teeth at the apex, or 5 styles joined together. Cap- sule 5-celled, 5-valved, many-seeded. Seeds naked, never winged. — Annual herbs, with undivided leaves, and axillary, 1 or few-flowered peduncles. Flowers shewy. 1 P. PHCENI'CEA (Lin. spec. 958.) leaves lanceolate, halbert- shaped, serrated; flowers 1-2, axillary, drooping ; anthers 15; style 1, 5-toothed at the apex. $ . S. Native of the East 536 BYTTNERIACEjE. XXI. PENTAPETES. XXII. ASSONIA. XXIII. DOMBEYA. Indies. Mill. fig. t. 200. Ker. bot. reg. t. 575. — Humph, amb. 5. p. 288. t. 100. f. 1.— Rheed. mal. 10. p, 1. 1. 1. Flowers drooping, scarlet. Scarlet-Qovrered Pentapetes. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1690. PL 2 to 3 feet. 2 P. ANGIJSTIFOLIA (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 655.) leaves linear-lanceolate, serrated, roundish and cordate at the base; flowers 1-2, axillary, drooping; fertile anthers 15 ; style clavate, sulcated. O ? S. Native of Java. Flowers probably red or scarlet. Narrow-leaved Pentapetes. PI. 1 to 3 feet. 3 P. OVA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 498.) leaves ovate, serrated ; peduncles axillary, 2-3-flowered ; anthers 5 ; styles 5. (•)• S. Native of New Spain. Brotera ovata, Cav. icon. 5. p. 19. t. 433. Sprengelia modesta, Schultz. obs. 134. Flowers reddish- yellow. Perhaps generically distinct from P. phoenicea. O»ate-leaved Pentapetes. Fl. June, Sep. Clt. 1805. PI. 2 ft. Cult. Beautiful flowering plants, which will grow freely in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat, or any light rich soil ; and cuttings soon strike root in sand or mould under a hand-glass, in heat. They are also easily increased by seeds, which generally ripen in this country. XXII. ASSO'NIA (in honour of Ignatius de Asso, a distin- guished Spanish botanist, who wrote on the plants of Arragon,) Cav. diss. 3. p. 120. D. C. prod. 1. p. 498. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx permanent, 5- parted, girded by a 1-leaved, 3-crenated, lateral involucel. Petals 5. Stamens 15, bearing anthers, that is, 3 fertile ones between each sterile one. Styles 5, very short. Carpels 5, 2- seeded, closely joined together into a capsule. Seeds some- what triquetrous, not winged. Trees with undivided leaves, and axillary, bifid, subcorymbose peduncles. Flowers white or red. 1 A. POI>U'LNEA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 120. t. 42. f. 3.) leaves cor- date, acuminated, smooth, a little serrated ; peduncles scarcely longer than the petioles. Jj . S. Native of the island of Bour- bon. Flowers red ? disposed in a terminal, bifid corymb. Poplar-leaved Assonia. Clt. 1820. Tree 10 to 20 feet. 2 A. VIBURNOI'DES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 498.) leaves cordate, somewhat acuminate, crenated, tomentose beneath, as well as younger leaves ; peduncles 3 times longer than the petioles. Jj . S. Native of the island of Bourbon. Flowers white ? Viburnum-like Assonia. Clt. 1822. Tree 10 to 20 feet. Cult. These trees will grow freely in any light rich soil, or a mixture of loam and peat. Young cuttings planted in mould under a hand-glass, in heat, will soon strike root. XXIII. DOMBE'YA (in honour of Joseph Dombey, a French botanist, and traveller in Peru and Chili, companion of Ruiz and Pavon.) Cav. diss. 3. p. 121. Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 259. t. 137. but not of Lam. D. C. prod. 1. p. 498. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx 5-parted, per- manent, girded by a 3-leaved, unilateral involucel. Petals 5. Stamens 15-20. Filaments joined together at the very base, 5 sterile, with 2-3 fertile ones between each of the sterile ones. Style 1, divided at the top into 5 somewhat reflexed stigmas. Carpels 5, 2-valved, 1 or many-seeded, closely joined together into a capsule. Cotyledons twisted, bifid. Flowers in bifid corymbs, with a single-stalked flower in the fork. § 1 . Leaflets of involucel broad, ovate or cordate. 1 D. PALMA'TA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 122. t. 38. f. 1.) leaves smooth, palmate, 7-cleft, 7-nerved, with lanceolate, serrated lobes ; corymbs bifid. Tj . S. Native of the island of Bourbon. There is a variety with 5-cleft, 5-nerved leaves. Flowers at first white, then pale-yellow, but at last rust-coloured. Palmate-\ea\ed Dombeya. Tree 20 feet. 2 D. ACUTA'NGULA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 122. t. 38. f. 2.) younger leaves tomentose, at length smooth, cordate, 5-7-nerved, round- ish, crenated, with 3-5 angles, angles or lobes acute, when 5 the 2 lower ones are very small ; corymbs bifid, with racemose branches. Tj . S. Native of the island of Bourbon. Flowers red, larger than those of the preceding. sicute-angled-leaved Dombeya. Shrub 20 feet. 3 D. ANOULA'TA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 123. t. 39. f. 1.) leaves tomentose, cordate, roundish, toothed, obsoletely 3-lobed ; um- bels simple ; peduncles shorter than the leaves. ^ . S. Native of the island of Bourbon. Flowers red. Calyx tomentose. Angular-leaved Dombeya. Shrub 10 feet. 4 D. TILLEFOLIA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 124. t. 39. f. 2.) younger leaves tomentose, adult ones smoothish, cordate, 7-nerved, cre- nate ; corymbs bifid. (7 . S. Native of Bourbon. Flowers probably red. Lime-tree-leaved Dombeya. Fl. 1820. Shrub 10 feet. 5 D. TOMENTOSA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 125. t. 39. f. 3.) leaves tomentose, roundish, cordate, acuminate, 5-nerved, transversely veined, crenated ; umbel bifid, fj . S. Native of Madagascar. Flowers white or red. Peduncles, petioles, and branches beset with long hairs. Tomentose Dombeya. Shrub 10 feet. 6 D. HAMILTONIA'NA (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 69. t. 77.) shrub densely clothed with tomentum ; leaves ovate, subcordate, obtuse; unequally and acutely toothed ; peduncles axillary, 3- flowered, twice the length of the petioles. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies on the banks of Irawaddi near Melloon, also on Mount Taong Dong near Ava. Flowers large, yellow, invo- lucrated. Hamilton's Dombeya. Fl. Nov. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 7 D. CORDIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 499.) leaves smooth, cor- date, acuminate, serrated, 5-7-nerved, sometimes 3-lobed, lateral lobes small ; peduncles rather longer than the petioles. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. D. tiliaefolia and angulata, Roxb. hort. beng. Hook, bot. mag. 2905. Involucre soon falling off. Anthers 10. Flowers large, red, in dichotomous crowded corymbs. Calyx reflexed. Leaves pubescent beneath. Heart-leaved Dombeya. Clt. 1820. Shrub 10 feet. § 2. Leaflets of involucel narrow, lanceolate, or linear. 8 D. UMBELLA'TA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 127. t. 41. f. 1.) leaves smooth, cordate, ovate-oblong, acuminated, somewhat repand ; umbels globose, simple ; peduncles twice as long as petioles, fj . S. Native of Bourbon. Lam. ill. t. 576. f. 2. Flowers at first white, then rust-coloured. f/ra6e^-flowered Dombeya. Shrub 10 feet. 9 D. FERRUGINEA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 128. t. 42. f. 2.) leaves tomentose beneath, smooth above, ovate-oblong, 7-nerved, some- what peltately cordate, toothed ; corymbs 2-parted ; peduncles twice as long as petioles. ^ . S. Native of the Mauritius. Leaves rusty- beneath, as well as the branches. Rusty-leaved Dombeya. Clt. 1815. Shrub 10 feet. 10 D. GRANDIFOLIA (Lamb, herb.) leaves broad, cordate, slightly lobed, smooth ; peduncles panicled. fj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Flowers red 7 Great-leaved Dombeya. Tree 20 feet. 11 D. PUNCTA'TA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 125. t. 40. f. 1.) leaves rather downy beneath, roughly dotted above, somewhat cordate, ovate-oblong, acuminated, 5-nerved, entire ; corymbs crowded ; peduncles longer than the leaves. Tj . S. Native of Bourbon. Flowers white or redi BYTTNERIACE^E. XXIV. MEIHANIA. XXV. TBOCHETIA. XXVI. PTEROSPERMOM. 537 DottedAeaved Dombeya. Clt. 1820. Shrub 10 feet. 12 D. OVAVTA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 127. t. 41. f. 2.) leaves clothed with white tomentum beneath, smoothish above, 3-5-nerved, ovate, acute, toothed ; corymbs bifid ; style very small. TV . S. Native of Bourbon. Shrub clothed with rusty hairs. Flowers whitish, or pale red. Ocate-leaved Dombeya. Clt. 1822. Tree 16 feet. Cult. All the species of Dombeya thrive well in sandy loam ; and young cuttings will root freely in sand, under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. XXIV. MELHA'NIA (from Mount Melhan in Arabia Felix, the habitation of M. velutina). Forsk. descr. 64. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 146. D. C. prod. 1. p. 499. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Decandria. In every respect the same as Dombeya, but with 1 0 stamens, 5 fertile, and 5 sterile, each of the fertile ones bearing either 1 or 2 anthers. Suffi- ciently distinct from Dombeya. § 1. Fertile filaments bearing 2 anthers each. 1 M. DECANTHE'RA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 499.) leaves smooth, elliptical, acuminated at both ends, repandly-toothed ; pedun- cles many-flowered, umbelliferous. J? . S. Native of Ma- dagascar. Dombeya decanthera, Cav. diss. 3. p. 126. t. 40. f. 2. Flowers small, white? Ten-anthered Melhania. Tree 10 feet. $ 2. Fertile filaments, bearing 1 anther each. 2 M. ERYTHRO'XYLON (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 146.) leaves ovate-cordate, somewhat peltate, acviminate, crenulated, tomentose beneath, netted ; peduncles usually 3-flowered. 1? . S. Native of St. Helena in groves. Flowers large, white. Pen- tapetes erythroxylon, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 138. Dom- beya erythroxylon, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1000. This tree flowers even when only 1^ foot high. Red-wooded Melhania. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1772. Tree 15 ft. 3 M. MELANOXYLON (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 146.) leaves cordate, quite entire, tomentose on both surfaces, even ; peduncles usually 3-flowered. ^ • S. Native of St. Helena. — Pluk. mant. 6. t. 333. f. 5. The involucel in this and M. ery- throxylon soon fall off". Flowers white. Black-wooded Melhania. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. Tree 20 feet. 4 M. DENHA' MII (R. Brown, inDenh. etClapp. trav. appen. p. 27.). T? . G. Native of the north of Africa near Soudan. This species differs from all the others in having its bracteas regu- larly whorled, and at the same time longer and much broader than the divisions of the calyx. Denham's Melhania. Shrub. 5 M. VELUTI'NA (Forsk. descr. 64.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrated, tomentose ; umbels axillary, simple, 4-flowered. f? . G. Native of Arabia Felix on Mount Melhan, whence the generic name. Pentapetes velutina, Vahl. symb. 1. p. 49. Dombeya velutina, Willd. spec. Flowers yellow. Velvety Melhania. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 6 M. BURCHE'LLII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 499.) leaves oblong- linear, bluntish, somewhat serrated, velvety and hoary on both surfaces; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, length of petioles. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Melhania, Burch. cat. no. 241 7. Flowers white ? Bmchell's Melhania. Clt. 1818. Tree 15 feet. 7 M.? PROSTKA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 499.) leaves linear, entire, smooth above, hoary beneath ; pedicels axillary, 1- flowered, twice or thrice as long as the petioles. ^7 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Dombeya prostrata, Burch. cat. no. 2153. Flowers not seen. Prostrate Melhania. Shrub prostrate. VOL. I. PART. VI. Cult. Melhania is a beautiful genus of shrubs and trees. They will grow well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and cuttings will root in the same kind of soil, under a hand-glass, in heat. They are all liable to be covered with insects, such as the mealy bug, scale, and red spider, which should be carefully cleaned off, or the plants will not thrive. XXV. TROCHE' TI A (in memory of M. Du Trochet, a ve- getable physiologist). D. C. mem. mus. 10. p. 106. prod. 1. p. 499. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx 5-parted (f. 92. a.), spreading, naked. Petals 5 (f. 92. &.). Stamens 20-25, monadelphous at the base (f. 92. c.), 5-7 of which are sterile (f. 92. d.). Ovary (f. 92. e.) 1, roundish, scaly. Style filiform (f. 92. /.). Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds small, roundish, wingless. Shrubs with entire leaves, which are rusty or scaly beneath and axillary, 1 -3-flowered, drooping peduncles. FIG. 92. 1 T. UNIFLORA (D. C. mem. mus. 10. p. 106. with a figure), leaves ovate, somewhat acute, twice as long as broad ; peduncles 1-flowered. Jj . S. Native of the Island of Bourbon. Flowers white or pale-red (f. 92.). One-flowered Trochetia. Tree 20 feet. 2 T. TRIFLORA (D. C. 1. C. With a figure) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, 4-times as long as broad ; peduncles 3-flowered ; flowers rising from the top of the peduncle, middle pedicel naked, lateral ones each furnished with a bractea. fj.S. Native of the Is- land of Bourbon. Flowers white or pale -red ? Three-flowered Trochetia. Tree 20 feet. Cult. These trees will succeed well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and young cuttings will strike root freely in the same kind of soil under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. XXVI. PTEROSPE'RMUM(from7rr£pov,^ero»,awing,and (TTTEp/ia, sperma, a seed ; in allusion to the seeds being winged). Schrceb. gen. no. 1124. D. C. mem. mus. 10. p. 111. prod. 1. p. 500. LIN, SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx 5-parted, somewhat tubular at the base, naked or involucrated. Petals 5, usually shorter than the sepals. Stamens 20, 5 of these are sterile. Style cylindrical. Stigma thickish. Capsules woody, 5-celled. Seeds drawn out into a wing. Albumen sparing or wanting. Trees with large leaves, which are usually hoary beneath, and large, axillary or terminal, solitary flowers. SECT. I. VEIA'GA (meaning unknown). Adans. fam. 2. p. 389. D. C. prod. 1. p. 500. Involucel wanting. 1 P. ACERirbLiuM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 729.) leaves broad, pel- tately-cordate, obtuse, with a short acumen, toothed, tomentose beneath ; pedicels shorter than the petioles. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Sims, bot. mag. t. 620. Pentapetes acerifolia, Lin. spec. 939. Cav. diss. 3. p. 131. t. 44. Velago fxyloc6rpa, Gaert. fr. 2. p. 245. t. 133. — Amm. act. petr. 8. t. 16 and 17. Flowers white. Maple-leaved Pterospermum. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1790. Tree 25 feet. 2 P. SUBERIFOLIUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 728.) leaves oblong, acuminated, obliquely cordate at the base, coarsely toothed at 3 Z 538 BYTTNERIACE^E. XXVI. PTEROSPERMUM. XXVII. VISEKIA. XXVIII. ASTKAP.EA. XXIX. KYDIA. the apex, tomentose beneath; pedicels hardly length of the petioles, but crowded at the tops of the branches. T? . S. Native of the East Indies. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1526. Penta- petes suberifolia, Lin. spec. 959. Cav. diss. 3. t. 43. f. 2. — Amm. act. petr. 8. t. 14. Flowers white, axillary, solitary, twin or tern at the tops of the branches. Cork-tree-leaved Pterospermum. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1783. Tree 15 feet. 3 P. LANCE«FOLIUM (Roxb. hort. beng. 50.) leaves unequal- sided, oblong-lanceolate or oval-oblong, acuminated, quite entire, tomentose beneath ; pedicels much longer than the petioles, fj . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers white. Lance-leaved Pterospermum. Clt. 1820. Tree 60 feet. 4 P. RUBIGINOSUM (Heyne, mss. in Lin. soc. herb.) leaves ovate, quite entire, oblique, very unequal-sided, acuminate, clothed with rusty tomentum on the under surface as well as branches and calyx ; peduncles longer than the petioles. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies. Leaves small. /fusty-leaved Pterospermum. Tree. 5 P. HEYNEA'NUM ; leaves oblong, or obovately oblong, quite entire, usually oblique at the base, abruptly acuminated at the apex, sometimes so as to appear tricuspidate, clothed with white tomentum on the under surface ; peduncles axillary, short, 2-3- flowered, sometimes twin. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. P. suberifolium, Heyn. mss. herb. Heyne's Pterospermum. Tree. SECT. II. PTEROMI'NA (from irrepov, pteron, a wing, and xXeuva, chlaina, a covering ; in allusion to the flower being invo- lucrated). D. C. mem. mus. 10. p. 111. prod. 1. p. 500. Invo- lucel 3-leaved ; leaflets large, cordate-roundish, fringed or jagged. 6 P. SEMIS AGITTA'TUM (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 50.) leaves oblong, acuminated, entire, cordate at the base, with unequal lobes, one of which is short and obtuse, the other is drawn out into a long point, fj . S. Native of the East Indies. Link, enum. 2. p. 200. D. C. mem. mus. 10. p. 111. with a figure. Eriolae'na Roxburghii, Spreng. This is a very shewy tree with dark-red flowers. Stipulas palmate, fringed. Semisagittate-leavetl Pterospermum. Clt. 1820. Tr. 20 ft. 7 P. DIVERSIFOUUM (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 655.) leaves oblong, broadest above, serrated, obliquely cor- date at the base, with rounded entire lobes, younger ones peltate, 3-5-lobed. Tj . S. Native of Java. Eriolsevna diversifolia, Spreng. Flowers white ? Diverse-leaved Pterospermum. Tree 23 feet. Species, the name of which is only known. Na- 8 P. CANE'SCENS (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 50.). J?. tive of Ceylon. Flowers white ? Hoary Pterospermum. Clt. 1823. Tree 20 feet. Cult. This is a genus of fine broad-leaved trees. They will thrive well in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat, and cuttings, not deprived of their leaves, will root readily in sand, under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat. XXVII. VISE'NIA (probably from the name of some bo- tanist). Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linneea. 1. p. 654. Glos- sospermum, Wall, in herb. soc. Lin. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Pentdndria. Calyx 5 -cleft. Pe- tals 5. Stamens 5, all fertile, monadelphous at the base. Carpels 5, connate, 2-valved, 1 -seeded. Seeds fixed to the bottom of the cells, ending in a wing at the apex. Albumen amygdalaceous. Embryo with leafy cotyledons and an inferior radicle. 1 V. UMBELLA'TA (Blum. 1. c.). T? . S. Native of Java. A tree with cordate, acuminated, obtusely-serrated leaves, which are canescent, and axillary, stalked, umbellate corymbs of flowers. Umbellate-&ov/ered Visenia. Tree 20 feet. Cult. This tree may be propagated and cultivated in the same manner as recommended for Pterospermum, XXVIII. ASTRAP^A (from aarpaTrn, astrape, lightning ; brightness of flowers). Lindl. coll. bot. t. 14. D. C. prod. 1. p. 500. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Flowers umbellate, girded by a many-leaved involucel ; leaflets roundish, ovate, with the 2 outer ones opposite. Calyx of 5 sepals, with 1 brae- tea on the outside of each. Petals 5. Stamens joined into a long tube, 5 sterile, 20 fertile. Ovary 5-celled. Style 1 . Stig- mas 5. Ovulse few in each cell. Elegant trees, with large angular leaves, and drooping umbels of scarlet flowers. 1 A. WALLI'CHII (Lindl. coll. bot. t. 14.) leaves large, cor- date, angularly lobed ; stipulas leafy, ovate, acuminated ; pe- duncles long, hairy ; umbels drooping. Tj . S. Native of Ma- dagascar. Ker.bot. reg. t. 691. A. Wallichii and A. penduli- fldra, D. C. Flowers scarlet. Anthers yellow. Wallich's Astrapaea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Tree 30 ft. 2 A. ? VISCO'SA (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 58.) leaves large, cordate, with 5 angular lobes, clammy, as well as the young branches. J? . S. Native of Madagascar. Clammy Astrapaea. Clt. 1823. Tree 30 feet. 3 A. TILI.S:FOVLIA (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 58.) J? . S. Native of the island of Bourbon. Perhaps a species of Dombeya. Lime-tree-leaved Astrapaea. Clt. 1824. Tree 10 feet? Cult. A. Wallichii is one of the finest plants that ever was introduced into Britain ; when in flower nothing can exceed it in beauty. All the species will grow well in a rich soil or a mixture of loam and peat ; and young cuttings planted in mould, and placed under a hand-glass in heat, will soon strike root. •f- Uncertain Dombeyacece. XXIX. KY'DIA (in memory of Colonel Robert Kyd, whose love for botany induced him, at the desire of the East India Company, to begin a botanical garden and nursery at Calcutta, which he conducted with much success during his life.) Roxb. cor. 3. p. 11. D. C. prod. 1. p. 500. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed, surrounded by a 4-6-leaved involucel, with the leaflets of the involucel adhering to the calyx at the base. Petals 5, obliquely obcordate, longer than the calyx. Stamens monadel- phous in a long tube ; anthers disposed in 5, 4-anthered bundles on the top of the teeth of the staminiferous tube. Ovary 1. Style trifid. Stigmas dilated. Capsules 3-celled, 3-valved, 3-seeded. Seeds fixed to the bottom of the cells. — East India trees, with alternate 5-nerved and somewhat 3-5-lobed, or almost entire leaves, which are tomentose beneath, and diffuse panicles of white flowers. The proper place of this genus is uncertain. 1 K. CALYCI'NA (Roxb. cor. 3. t. 215.) involucel 4-leaved, much longer than the calyx. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies, on the Coromandel coast. Flowers white. Anthers almost sessile on the top of the tube. Style protruding beyond the tube of stamens. Large-calyxed Kydia. Clt. 1818. Tree 25 feet. 2 K. FRATE'RNA (Roxb. cor. 3. p. 216.) involucel 6-leaved, shorter than the calyx. T? . S. Native of the East Indies on the Circar mountains. Flowers white. Anthers aggregate on BYTTNERIACE^E. XXX. GLUTA. XXXI. MARANTHUS. XXXII. ERIOLJENA. XXXIII. WALLICHIA, &c. 539 the top of filaments, which are drawn out a long way beyond the tube of the stamens. Style length of tube. Brotherly Kydia. Clt. 1 823. Tree 40 feet. Cult. These trees grow freely in any rich soil, or in a mix- ture of loam, peat, and sand ; and young cuttings not deprived of their leaves, planted in mould, and placed under a hand-glass in heat, will root readily. XXX. GLtTTA (from gluta, glue, in allusion to the petals being glued to the stipe-formed torus,) Lin. mant. 293. D. C. prod. 1. p. 501. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx campanu- late, membranaceous, deciduous, naked. Petals 5, lanceolate, longer than the calyx, glued to a long stipe-formed torus. Stamens monadelphous, glued around the torus, exserted, and free at the apex. Anthers roundish, turning like a weather- cock. Ovary obovate. Style 1. Fruit? — A tree, with broad, lanceo- late, naked leaves, and panicles of white flowers, almost as in Clematis jlummula. 1 G. BE'NGHAS (Lin. mant. 293.) Tj . S. Native of Java, where it is called Benghas. Branches and buds pubescent. Leaves obtuse, entire, even and smooth on both surfaces. Benghas Gluta. Tree 30 feet ? Cult. Gluta will thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and young cuttings, not stripped of their leaves, will root freely in mould under a hand-glass, in heat. XXXI. MARA'NTHUS (from fiapaivw, maraino, to fade, and avdoe, anthos, a flower ; the withered flowers are permanent.) Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 656. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx 5-parted, per- manent. Petals 5, hardly longer than the calyx. Stamens nu- merous, rather connate at the base, all fertile, and marcescent. Anthers 2-celled. Ovary didymous, villous, 2-celled. Style 1, lateral, permanent, crowned by a simple stigma. Drupe oval, villous, 2-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Seeds fixed by their base. 1 M. CORYMBO'SA (Blum. 1. c.) Pj . S. Native of Java. A tree, with alternate, oblong, entire leaves, with 2 glands at the base instead of stipulas, and axillary and terminal corymbs of flowers. Corymbose-fiowered. Maranthus. Tree 20 feet. Cult. This tree will grow in a mixture of loam and peat, and cuttings taken off at a joint will root readily if planted in a pot of sand, placed under a hand-glass, in heat. Tribe V. WALLICHIE'/E (plant agreeing with Wallichia in important characters). D. C. mem. mus. 10. p. 102. prod. 1. p. 501. Calyx 5-lohed, surrounded by a 3 or 5-leaved involucel, which is rather distant from the flower. Petals 5, flat. Stamens in- definite ; filaments in a long monadelphous tube, outer ones shortest. Anthers erect, bilocular. Fruit 5-10-valved, 5-10- celled ; cells 1-8-seeded. XXXII. ERIOLTE'NA (from tpi<»>, erion, wool, and - chlaina, a cloak ; in allusion to the woolly involucel and calyx.) D. C. mem. mus. 10. p. 102. prod. 1. p. 501. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx tomentose, 5- parted, acuminate, surrounded by a 5-leaved involucel ; leaflets tomentose, jagged, the 3 inner ones largest, 2 outer ones smaller, all shorter than the calyx. Petals 5, unguiculate, shorter than the calyx. Stamens in many series around the column from top to bottom, monadelphous, outer ones shortest, all fertile. Style villous. Stigmas 10, aggregated into a head. Capsule 10-celled, 10-valved ; cells 8-seeded, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve bearing the seeds. Structure of the involucel resem- bling that of section Pterolce'na of Pterospermum. 1 E. WALLI'CHII (D. C. mem. mus. 10. p. 102. pi. 5.) leaves stalked ; cordate, acuminate, toothed, pubescent above, villous beneath; pedicels villous, 1 -flowered, 3-times as long as the petioles ; involucre of 5-leaves. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Branches round. Flowers yellow. Resembles a species of Hibiscus in habit. Wallich's Eriolaena. Clt. 1823. Tree 30 feet. 2 E. CANDO'LLII (Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 1. p. 51. t. 64.) leaves ovate-cordate, acuminated, entire, hoary-tomentose beneath ; flowers terminal, panicled ; involucre of 3 oblong-linear leaves. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies on the mountains of Prome, on the banks of the Irawaddi. Stigmas 10. Capsule 10-celled, 10-valved ; cells 8-seeded, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve, bearing the seeds. The species differs from E. Wall'ichii, in the leaves and inflorescence being covered with stellate, grey tomentum, whereas they are densely hairy in that species. Petals yellow, emarginate. The involucre in the figure appears to be of many jagged leaves. De Candolle's Eriolaena. Tree 40 feet. Cult. These trees should be cultivated and treated in the manner recommended for Kydia. XXXIII. WALLI'CHIA (in honour of Nathaniel Wallich, M. D. F. R. and L. S. superintendant of the East India Com- pany's botanical garden at Calcutta.) D. C. mem. mus. 10. p. 104. prod. 1. p. 501. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Involucel 3-4-leaved, distant from the flower, small. Calyx 4-parted, with oblong- linear lobes. Flower-bud oblong. Petals 4, spreading, re- flexed, with thick velvety claws. Stamens about 20, monadel- phous into a conical tube, outer ones shortest. Ovary ovate, 8-celled. Style 1. Stigmas 8. Capsule 8-celled, 8-valved, with 1-seeded cells. 1 W. SPECTA'BILIS (D. C. mem. mus. 10. p. 104. t. 6.) Tj. S. Native of Nipaul. Jackia spectabilis, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 85. Branches velvety. Leaves stalked, broad-ovate, somewhat cor- date, serrated, velvety beneath. Peduncles axillary and ter- minal, longer than the leaves, many-flowered, constituting as if it were a leafy panicle. Flowers probably white, smaller than those of Mdlva sylvestris. This tree resembles a species of Tilia in habit. Shewy Wallichia. Tree 36 to 40 feet. Cult. This is a beautiful tree. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit it best, and young cuttings not deprived of their leaves will root readily if planted in the same kind of soil under a hand-glass, in heat. XXXIV. GOETHFA (in honour of the celebrated Baron Goethe of Weimar.) Nees and Mart. nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 91 . D. C. prod. 1. p. 501. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx campanulate, short, 5-cleft (f. 93. a.), surrounded by a large bladdery invo- lucel (f. 93. &.). Petals 5, somewhat joined together at the base (f. 93. c.), spirally twisted in the bud. Filaments numerous, joined into a long column at the base (f. 93. e.). Anthers ovate, bilocular. Style elongated, cleft at the apex into 8-10 stigmas (f. 93. g.}. Carpels 5, coriaceous, 1-seeded. — Trees and shrubs, with smoothish coriaceous leaves, and bearded pe- tioles. Stipulas narrow. Flowers shewy, nodding. Peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered. Involucel coloured, netted, bladdery. 3 z 2 510 BYTTNERIACE.E. XXXIV. GOETHEA. TILIACE^E. FIG. 9S. 1 G. SEMPERFLovRENs(Neesand Mart. 1. c. p. 92. t. 7.) leaves ellip- tical, serrated at the apex ; flowers usually terminal ; involucel 6-cleft (f. 93. 6.) Tj . S. Native of Brazil in woods nigh to the road to Felisbert, at the temple of Ferreira Campos. Involucrum brown. Flowers pur- plish, with a white disk. Ever-flowering Goethea. Fl. year. Tree 30 feet. 2 G. CAULIFLORA (Nees and Mart. 1. c. p. 93. t. 8.) leaves ob- long, quite entire ; flowers rising laterally from the trunk ; involucel 4-parted. Tj . S. Native of Bra- zil at the river called Ilheos, and in Maranham by river sides. Leaves large. Flowers with a scarlet involucel. We have seen this plant at Maranham in Brazil, or another species, which grows to a large tree. Stem-flowered Goethea. Fl. Dec. Shrub 4 feet. Cult. Goethea is a genus of beautiful trees. A mixture of loam, sand, and peat, will suit them well, and young cuttings with their leaves on will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. ORDER XXXIV. TILIACE.E (plants agreeing with Tilia in important characters). Juss. gen. p. 290, exclusive of Genera, Kunth, malv. p. 14. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 354. D. C. prod. 1. p. 503. Calyx usually naked on the outside, of 4-5 sepals (f. 94. a.}, rarely of 4-7 lobes, valvate in aestivation. Petals equal in number to the sepals, and alternating with them (f. 94. &.), entire, usually foveolate at the claw, rarely absent. Stamens hypogynous, free, usually indefinite in numbers (f. 94. d.), rarely definite. An- thers oval or roundish, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise by a double chink. Glands equal in number to the petals, and opposite them, adhering to the stipe of the ovary. Ovary 1 , constantly composed (f. 94. g.) of 2-10 closely joined carpels, crowned by an equal number of styles, which are joined together in 1, ter- minated by as many, usually free, stigmas (f. 94. g.). Capsule many-celled (f. 94./.) ; cells many-seeded (f. 94./.). Albumen fleshy, rarely wanting. Embryo straight, with flat, leafy cotyle- dons. This order differs from Malvaceae, Bomlacece, Stercu- liacece, and Byttneridcece, in the filaments being free ; from Elceo- cdrpeee in the petals being entire, not fringed, nor lobed, in the anthers being oval or roundish, not filiform and tetragonal, in bursting lengthwise, not by an oblong pore at the apex of the cells, as in that order. The order is composed of herbs, shrubs, and trees. Some of them are remarkable for their beauty, with alternate, simple, bistipulate leaves, which are usually serrate or toothed, and axillary, solitary, racemose or panicled flowers. The Lime Tilia, from which the order derives its name, is a genus of fine trees, with fragrant flowers, the inner bark of which is tough and separable, and supplies the material whence the Russia mats, used by gardeners and others, are prepared. Corchorus olitorius is cultivated in Egypt as a garden vegetable ; the fibres of the bark of Corchorus capularis are twisted into fishing-lines, and the roasted nuts of the lime tree are reported to bear some resemblance to chocolate. The SparmAnnia and Entelea are elegant, broad, maple-leaved, green-house shrubs. The seeds retain their power of vegetation for many years. Synopsis of the Genera. 1 SPARMA'NNJA. Sepals and petals 4. Stamens numerous, intermixed with sterile threads. Capsule echinated, 6-valved, 6- celled ; cells 2-seeded. 2 ENTELE'A. Sepals and petals 4-5. Stamens numerous, all fertile, not intermixed with sterile threads. Capsule sphe- rical, echinated, half 6-valved, 6-celled, many-seeded. 3 HELIOCA'RPCS. Sepals and petals 4. Stamens 12-20. Style 1, bifid, with recurved segments. Capsule stipitate, some- what compressed, radiated lengthwise on all sides, 2-valved, 2- celled, 2-seeded. 4 ANTICHO'RUS. Sepals and petals 4. Stamens 8. Style 1. Capsule awl-shaped, 4-valved, 4-celled ; cells many-seeded. 5 CO'RCHORUS. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens numerous. Style almost wanting. Stigmas 2-5. Capsule awl-shaped or roundish, 2-5-valved, 2-5-celled ; valves with a dissepiment in the middle of each. Seeds in 2 series. 6 HONCKE'NYA. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 8, with nu- merous capillary threads. Style crowned by a 6-toothed stigma ? Capsule echinated, 5-valved, 5-celled. Valves with a dissepi- ment in the middle of each. Seeds numerous, arillate. 7 TRIUMFE'TTA. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 10-30, sometimes a little connected at the base. Style 1. Carpels 2-4, closely joined together into a head, echinated by bristles, which are hooked at the apex. Seeds twin, or solitary in the cells. 8 PO'RPA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 26-30, girded by a membranous ring. Style 1, crowned by a 3-tooth- ed stigma. Capsule hairy, 8-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. 9 GRE^WIA. Sepals 5. Petals 5, with a scale at the base of each on the inside. Stamens numerous, rising from the apex of the torus. Anthers roundish. Style 1, crowned by a 4-lobed stigma. Drupe 4-lobed, containing 2-4 nuts, which are 2- celled and 2-seeded, rarely 1 -seeded. 10 MI'CROCOS. Sepals 5. Petals 5, destitute of scales on the inside. Stamens numerous, inserted on the top of the torus. Anthers roundish. Style crowned by a bluntish stigma. 11 VINCE'NTIA. Sepals and petals 5, the last bifid. Stamens numerous. . Style crowned by a 4-lobed stigma. Capsule glo- bose, indehiscent, containing 4 4-celled nuts, or from abortion only 1 -celled and 1 -seeded. 12 COLU'MBIA. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens numerous. Style 1. Torus pentagonal. Fruit globose, 4-celled, 4- winged, but perhaps composed of 2 2-winged, 2-seeded carpels. 13 TI'LIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens numerous, free, or somewhat polyadelphous. Ovary globose, villous, 1- styled, 5- celled ; cells 2-seeded. Nut coriaceous, 1 -celled, 1-2- seeded from abortion. 14 BROWNLO'WIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, with 5 linear TILIACE^E. I. SPARMANNIA. II. ENTELEA. 541 scales around the stigma. Stamens numerous, inserted round the apex of a turbinate receptacle. Style crowned by a 3-lobed stigma. Capsule of 1 to 5 2-valved, 1-2-seeded carpels. 15 DIPLOPHRA'CTUM. Sepals and petals 5 (f. 94. a. &.). Sta- mens numerous (f. 94. d.). Style 1, crowned by 5 aggregate stigmas (f. 94. g.). Capsule globose, indehiscent, 5-winged (f. 94. e.), 10-celled ; cells parted into 1 -seeded divisions by a transverse dissepiment. Seeds arillate, fixed to the sides of the valves. 16 MICROSTE'MMA. Sepals 5-6. Petals 10-12. Stamens 30, rather connected at the base. Style 1, crowned by 5-6 aggre- gate stigmas. Capsule globose, 5-6-winged, 5-6-valved, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds solitary, placed at the top of the valves. 17 MUNTI'NGIA. Calyx 5-7-parted. Petals 5-7. Stamens numerous. Ovary sessile, globose, girded by hairs at the base, crowned by a capitate-rayed stigma. Berry 5-celled, many- seeded. Seeds small, imbedded in pulp. 18 APEI'BA. Calyx 4-5-parted. Petals 4-5, unquiculate, smaller than the calyx. Stamens numerous, short. Anthers long, ending in 2 leafy lobes. Style 1, dilated at the apex into a funnel-shaped stigma. Capsule spherical, depressed, scabrous from soft bristles, or rigid tubercles, 8-24-celled. Seeds minute, numerous, fixed to the central fleshy receptacle. 19 SLOA'NEA. Calyx 4-7-lobed. Petals wanting. Stamens numerous ; filaments almost wanting ; anthers very long, crowned by a small acumen. Ovary 1. Style 1, filiform. Capsule ligneous, roundish, echinated with crowded prickles, 4-5-valved, 4-5-celled ; cells 1-3-seeded. Seeds covered with fleshy aril. 20 ESENBE'CKIA. Calyx saucer-shaped, girded by a 3-parted, deciduous involucel. Petals 5. Stamens numerous ; anthers twin. Style 1, crowned by a capitate, 5-angled stigma. Cap- sule woody, 5-angled, 5-valved, 5-celled ; valves with a dissepi- ment in the middle of each. Seeds 3-6 in each cell, adhering to the dissepiment. 21 ABLA'NIA. Calyx 4-5-parted. Petals wanting. Stamens numerous ; anthers roundish. Ovary ovate. Styles 2, bifid. Capsule 4-valved, 1 -seeded, hispid from rigid bristles. Seeds numerous, arillate, fixed to a free central placenta. 22 GYROSTE'MON. Flowers dioecious. Calyx 6-7-lobed. Stamens numerous, disposed in a concentric circle ; anther seated on a naked receptacle, without filaments, 2 or somewhat 4- celled. Capsule of numerous 2-valved, 1 -seeded carpels, dis- posed in a whorl around the central axis. Perhaps belonging to Euphorbiacece. 23 CHRISTIANA. Calyx 3-lobed. Petals 5. Stamens in- definite. Capsule of 5, 1 -seeded carpels, which are connected at the base. This genus is hardly known. 24 LUHE'A. Calyx 5-parted, girded by a 6-9-1 2-parted in- volucel. Petals 5. Stamens numerous, somewhat connected at the base in 5 bundles, with 5 pencilled or fringed scales opposite each bundle. Style thick, crowned by a 5-lobed stigma. Capsule 5-angled, 5-celled, 5-valved, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds winged at the apex, disposed in 2 rows on the margin of the dissepiment. 25 MO'LLIA. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens collected into many sets, disposed in many series, outer series in 5 sets, inner series indeterminately joined. Style simple. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved, without a central column. Seeds numerous, awl- shaped, disposed in 2 series in each cell. 26 VA'TICA. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, twisted in the bud. Anthers 15, sessile, ovate, 4-celled, 3 in front of each petal. Ovary 5-angled. Style crowned by a 3-lobed stigma. Capsule 3-celled? cells 1 -seeded. A doubtful genus. 27 ESPE'RA. Calyx 4-parted, spreading. Petals long, per- manent. Stamens numerous, capillary. Style 1. Stigma 1. Capsule oblong, 4-6-winged, 4-6-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. Seeds round, hairy. 28 BE'RRYA. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens numerous, rather connected at the base. Style crowned by a trigonal, capitate stigma. Capsule roundish, 3-celled, 3-valved, 6-wing- ed, with 2 horizontal wings on the back of each valve, with a dissepiment in the middle of each on the inside. Seeds large, ovately -globose, covered with stiff hairs, 2 in each cell. 29 EUTHE'MIS. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 5. Anthers oblong, acuminated, bursting at the apex by 2 pores. Style filiform, crowded by a simple stigma. Berry 5-seeded ; seeds disposed round the central axis, covered with a fibrous aril. This genus differs from the rest of Tiliacece in the dehiscence of the anthers. 80 XEROPE'TALUM. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, emarginate. Stamens about 20, 5 of which are sterile. Capsule 3-celled, 3- valved. I. SPARMA'NNIA (in honour of Andrew Sparmann, M.D. a Swedish botanist, who went round the world with Captain Cook in his second voyage in 1772 to 1775.). Thunb. nov. gen. 88. Lin. fil. suppl. 41. D. C. prod. 1. p. 503. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 sepals. Petals 4, roundish. Stamens numerous, intermixed with numerous threads, which are tomentose and rather adhering at the base. Capsules echinated, 5-angled, 6-celled, 6-valved ; cells 2-seefled. — A shrub, with large leaves, resembling those of Kitalbelia vittfblia. 1 S. AFRICA'NA (Lin. fil. suppl. 265.) ^. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope on the sides of mountains. Vent. malm. t. 78. Sims, bot. mag. t. 726. or 516. Leaves angular, hairy, as well as the younger branches. Flowers white with the sterile threads yellow, mixed with brown. African Sparmannia. Fl. Mar.Jul. Clt. 1790. Tr. 20 ft. Cult. A beautiful shrub, flowering early in spring. It thrives best in a mixture of loam and peat ; and cuttings root freely in sand under a hand-glass. II. ENTELE'A (from tvreXije, enteles, perfect; alluding to the stamens being all fertile). R. Br. in bot. mag. t. 2480. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4-5-sepals. Petals 4-5. Stamens indefinite, all fertile, without any sterile threads. Capsule spherical, echinated, 6-celled, half-6-valved, many-seeded — A tree, with cordate, angular, double-crenated, 5-nerved leaves, furnished with small permanent stipulas. Flowers white, in simple, lateral, or terminal stalked umbels. Involucel many-leaved, short. Pedicels bractless. Anthers purplish or yellow. The genus differs from Sparmannia in the stamens being all fertile, and in the capsule being undivided to the base, not as in that genus opening into 6 distinct valves, as well as in the cells being many-seeded. 512 TILIACE^E. III. HELIOCARPUS. IV. ANTICHORUS. V. CORCHORUS. 1 ARBORE'SCENS (R. Br. in bot. mag. t. 2480.) Tj . G. Native of New Zealand near Tigado, Tolagi, and Oporagi. The wood is very soft and very light, and from this property it is used by the inhabitants to float their fishing nets with. Arborescent Entelea. Fl. May. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet. Cult. This is an elegant shrub, well adapted for a green- house conservatory. It will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat, and large cuttings, not too much ripened, will root in sand under a hand-glass. III. HELIOCA'RPUS (from f/X.oc, helios, the sun, and rap- ro{, karpos, a fruit; the valves of the capsule are elegantly ciliated around on all sides, which gives them the appearance of a little sun.) Lin. gen. no. 606. D. C. prod. 1. p. 503. LIN. ' SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 sepals. Petals 4. Stamens 12 to 20. Style 1, bifid, with the segments recurved. Capsules stipitate, somewhat compressed, rayed lengthwise on all sides, 2-celled, 2-seeded. — Trees, with cordate, serrate, 3-lobed, simple leaves, and cymes of small, yellowish- green flowers. 1 H. AMERICA'NCS (Lin. spec. 643.) leaves smooth ; branches and cymes smooth, fy . S. Native of Vera Cruz. Montia, Houst. Heliocarpus, Lin. hort. cliff. 211. t. 16. Trew. ehr. t. 45. Leaves cordate, somewhat 3-lobed, serrated. Flowers of a yel- lowish-green colour. American Sun-fruit. Fl. July. Clt. 1733. Tree 14 to 20 ft. 2 H. POPAYANE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 341.) nerves and veins of leaves hairy beneath ; branches and cymes clothed with flocky down. Tj . S. Native of New Gra- nada on the mountains near Popaya. Flowers of a yellowish green-colour. Perhaps only a variety of H. Americanus. Popaya Sun-fruit. Tree 14 feet. Cult. The species of Heliocdrpus thrive best in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and young cuttings will root if planted in sand under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat. IV. ANTICHORUS (from am, anil, a Greek preposition, which often signifies in composition resemblance to the word that follows, and chorus, abridged from Corchorus, in allusion to the resemblance in plants). Lin. fil. fasc. p. 3. t. 2. D. C. prod. 1. p. 504. LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 sepals. Petals 4. Stamens 8. Style 1. Capsule awl-shaped, 4-valved, 4-celled ; cells many-seeded. Resembles Corchorus. 1 A. DEPEE'SSUS (Lin. mant. 64.). Q.H. Native of Arabia. Jussiae'a edulis, Forsk. descr. 210. Carictera, Scop. Cor- chorus antichorus, Rausch. A small, prostrate plant with coarsely toothed, oval leaves, and small, axillary, twin, yellow flowers, and reflexed fruit. The whole plant is boiled as a pot-herb. Depressed Antichorus. PL trailing. Cult. This is a trifling annual, the seeds of which will require to be sown in the beginning of May in a sheltered situation, where it will grow and ripen its seed freely. V. CO'RCHORUS (KopxopGj, in Greek a pot-herb, which comes from Koptw, koreo, to purge, and icop?/, kore, the pupil ; laxative qualities of C. olitbrius). Lin. gen. no. 675. D. C. prod. 1. p. 504. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5, deciduous sepals. Petals 5. Stamens numerous. Style tubular, almost wanting. Stigmas 2-5. Capsules awl-shaped and round, 2-5- valved, 2-5-celled, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds disposed in 2 rows. Sm;>ll shrubs or herbs with simple, serrated leaves covered with simple or stellate hairs. Peduncles opposite the leaves, or axillary, 1 -flowered, or 2-3- parted, bearing 2-3 or many flowers. Corolla small, yellow, convolute in aestivation. Corchorus Japonicus now forms a separate genus among the Rosacece under the name of Kirria. SECT. I. CORE'TA (from ropeu, koreo, to purge ; qualities of plants). P. Browne and Kunth, D. C. prod. 1. p. 504. Cap- sules silique-formed, 2-valved, 2-celled, but not ending in horns at the apex. 1 C. SILIQUOSUS (Lin. spec. 746.) capsules linear, compressed, 2-valved, smooth ; leaves lanceolate, equally serrated ; stem smoothish, much branched ; peduncles usually 2-flowered. ^ . S. Native of South America, Jacq. vind. 3. p. 34. t. 59. — Plum, ed. Burm. t. 103. f. 1. The flowers, according to Linneus, are of 4 sepals and 4 stamens, and without petals in the spring, but in the autumn they bear 5 sepals and 5 petals and numerous stamens. C. linearis, Mill. diet. no. 5. C. secundiflorus, Moc. et Sess. fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers pale-yellow. This plant is used for besoms by the negroes in the West Indian colonies. Leaves sometimes truly ovate. Silique-capsided Corchorus. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1732. Shrub 2 to 6 feet. • 2 C. FOLIOSCS (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 583.) leaves small, crowded, ovate-oblong, crenulated, smooth ; peduncles 1 -flowered ; cap- sule terete, rough, 2-valved ; stem shrubby. Tj . S. Native of Cuba. C. siliquosus, Poppig. Leafy Corchorus. Fl. June, July. Shrub 1 foot. 3 C. HI'RTUS (Lin. spec. 747.) capsules linear, compressed, 2-valved, and are as well as the stem hairy ; leaves oblong, equally serrated. O- S. Native of South America. Jacq. vind. 3. t. 58. — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 103. f. 2. Flowers yellow. Hairy Corchorus. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PL 1 to 2 ft. 4 C. ALA' ins; plant pilose, branched; leaves ovate, acute, serrated, lower serratures setaceous ; stipulas setaceous ; pe- dicels 2-3 together, short, axillary ; capsule long, flat, winged. Q. S. Native of Guinea. Flowers small, yellow. Winged-capsuled Corchorus. PL ^ foot. 5 C.PILO'LOBOS (Link. enum. hort. berl. 2. p. 72.) capsules linear, compressed, somewhat falcate, hairy, younger ones acu- minated with the style ; leaves oblong, somewhat cordate, .acutely crenated, smoothish ; stem hairy above. If. . S. Native of? C. lasiolobus, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 583. Flowers yellow. This plant is often confused with C. hirtus in the gardens. * Cap-podded Corchorus. FL Ju. Sept. Clt. 1818. PL 1 to 2 ft. 6 C. ORINOCE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 337.) capsules siliquose, rather terete, 2-celled, hairy ; leaves lan- ceolate-oblong, upper ones linear-lanceolate, acute, crenated, smooth or a little ciliated; stem almost simple, erect. Q. S. Native on the banks of the river Orinoco, near Angustura. Flowers yellow. Orinoco Corchorus. PL 1 to 2 feet. 7 C. VILLOSI'SSIMUS (St. Hil. fl.bras. 1. p. 280.) stem densely pilose at the apex ; leaves ovate, usually acute, crenate-toothed, villous, younger ones densely silky-villous ; pedicels opposite the leaves, twin ; capsule compressed, hairy. T; . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers yellow. Very villous Corchorus. FL Aug. Shrub 1 foot. 8 C. ARGU TUS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 337. St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 282.) stem lined with villi ; leaves linear- lanceolate, sharply serrated, smooth, scabrous above ; pedicels twin, rising from the side of the axils ; capsule tetragonal, compressed, puberulous, erect. Tj. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes and^of New Granada. Flowers yellow. Var. ft, australis (St. Hil. 283.) stem more slender, leaves more oblong, less acute, less erect, with the nerves hardly white. In the province of the Missions. TILIACEJE. V. CORCHORUS. 543 Sharp-toot\\ed-\ca.ved Corchorus. Fl. Aug. Shrub 2 to 3 ft. 9 C. PILOSUS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 338. t. 487.) capsules siliquose, 2-celled; peduncles opposite, the leaves simple, hairy ; leaves ovate, acute, or ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrate-toothed, puberulous, and beset on both surfaces as well as the branches with long, soft hairs ; stern hispid. Q. S. Na- tive of New Granada near Ibague, and of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers yellow. Capsule pilose. Pilose Corchorus. Shrub ^ to 1 foot. 10 C. HU MILIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 280.) stem soft, hispid ; leaves oblong, ovate, deeply crenate-toothed, pubescent ; pedi- cels opposite, the leaves twin, 2-parted, 2-flowered ; capsule compressed, hispid, spreading. O. H. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers yellow. Humble Corchorus. Fl. Aug. PI. -J- to 1 foot. 11 C. TO'RTIPES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 281. t. 55.) stem rather scabrous, with lines of villi ; leaves ovate, acute, un- equally serrated, pilose ; pedicels twin, rising from the sides of the axils of the leaves, twisted ; capsule compressed, erect, with a few hairs. Tj . S. Native of Brazil about Rio Janeiro. Flowers yellow on a furcate peduncle. Twisted-pedicelled Corchorus. Fl. Aug. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 12 C. MOMPOXE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 338.) capsules siliquose, straight, 2-edged, 2-celled, hairy ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, each ending in a narrow acumen, ser- rated, smoothish ; branches smooth, with a pubescent line. Jj . S. Native of South America on the banks of the river Magdalena, near Mompox. Flowers yellow. Mompox Corchorus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. SECT. II. CORETOIDES (alluding to the resemblance which the plants of this section have with those of the preceding Coreto). D. C. prod. 1. p. 504. Capsules silique-formed, 3-6-valved, 3-6-celled, but not ending in horns at the apex as in the follow- ing section. 13 C. TRILOCULA'RIS (Lin. mant. 77.) capsules awl-shaped, trigonal, 3-valved, scabrous ; leaves ovate-oblong, serrated, with the lower serratures usually setaceous. Q. S. Native of Arabia. C. ae'stuans, Forsk. descr. 101. Petals pale-yellow. The whole plant is eaten as a pot-herb. Three-celled-capsuled Corchorus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1790. PI. 1 foot. 14 C. OLITORIUS (Lin. spec. 746.) capsules oblong-cylindrical, obtuse-angled, smooth, 5-celled ; leaves ovate-oblong, serrated, with the lower serratures long and setaceous ; peduncles nearly sessile, solitary. 0. S. Native of Asia, Africa, and America between the tropics in gardens and among rubbish. Lam. ill. t. 478. f. 1.— Com. hort. 47. t. 12.— Mor. hist. 2. p. 283. f. 3. t. 15. f. 4. Flowers yellow. Rauwolf says this plant is sown in great plenty about Aleppo as a pot-herb, the Jews boiling the leaves to eat with their meat, whence in French it is called mauve-de-juif. Pot-herb Corchorjis. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1640. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 15 C. LONOICA'RPUS ; suffruticose, erect, branched; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrated ; lower serratures bristly ; petioles pilose; peduncles short, 1 -flowered; stipulas seta- ceous ; capsule long, acuminated, smooth, nearly sessile ; 5- celled. Jj . S. Native of Guinea. Flowers small, yellow. Long-fruited Corchorus. PI. 1 foot. 16 C. *'STUANS (Lin. spec. 746.) capsules oblong, 3-valved, 6-furrowed ; leaves somewhat cordate, ovate, acuminated, ser- rated, with the lower serratures long, and setaceous. Q. S. Native of South America. Jacq. vind. t. 85. — Pluk. phyt. t. 127. f. 3.— Brown, jam. 232. t. 25. f. 1. under Triumfetta. Scorching Corchorus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1731. PI. 1 ft. 17 C. PRISMATOCA'RPUS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 282.) stem lined with villi ; upper leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrate-toothed, rather pubescent; pedicels .twin, opposite the leaves ; capsule prismatic, 4-5-angled, hairy, erect, 2-3-valved. J? . S. Native of Brazil in the province of the Missions. Flowers yellow. Prismatic-fruited Corchorus. Fl. Feb. Shrub -J to 1 foot. 18 C. SERR^EFOLIUS (Burch. cat. geogr. no. 1962. voy. 1. p. 537.) capsules linear, terete, scabrous, usually twisted, 6-valved peduncles lateral, trifid, 3-flowered ; leaves linear, coarsely serrated. "If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope in a plain near Gattskamma beyond the river Gariep. Stems pro- cumbent, elongated, villous. Flower-bud acute. Petals yellow. Saw-leaved Corchorus. PI. procumbent. 19 C. LANCEOLA TUS ; plant erect, twiggy, simple, smooth; leaves lanceolate, equally serrated, lower serratures setaceous ; petioles hairy; stipulas setaceous; pedicels axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered ; capsule long, 3-5-celled ? ^ ? Q ? S. Native of Guinea. Flowers small, yellow. Lanceolate-leaved Corchorus. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 20 C. ASPLENIF^LIUS (Burch. cat. geogr. no. 1737. voy. 1. p. 400.) capsules? peduncles opposite the leaves, trifid, 3- flowered ; leaves elongated, ovate, simply crenate-serrated ; flower-bud somewhat globose. 7£ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope on the banks of the river Gariep. This is probably only a variety of C. serrcefolius. Spleen-wort-leaved Corchorus. PL procumbent. SECT. III. CERATOCORE'TA (from Kfpag, keras, a horn, and Coreta, the name of the first section ; in allusion to the carpels ending in horns). D. C. prod. 1. p. 505. Capsules elongated, angular, ending at the apex in 3 and 5 diverging horns. 21 C. TRI'DENS (Lin. mant. 566. exclusive of the synonym of Burm.) capsules slender, 2-3-valved, 2-3-angled, 2-3-horned ; leaves oblong, serrated, lower serratures setaceous. fj . S. Native of the East Indies and Guinea. C. Senegalensis, Juss. These are varieties with narrow and broad leaves. — Pluk. phyt. t. 127. f. 4.— Burm. ind. 123. t. 37. f. 2. Flowers yellow. .ZVirfewt-capsuled Corchorus. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 22 C. FASCICULA^RIS (Lam. diet. 2. p. 104.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, unequally-serrated, smooth, mutic at the base ; cap- sule almost sessile, aggregate, woolly, ovate-oblong, 3-valved, 6-celled, and 3-horned at the apex. Native of the East Indies. — Pluk. amalth. t. 439. f. 6. Flowers yellow. Fascicled-capsuled Corchorus. Shrub 2 feet. 23 C. ACUTA'NGULUS (Lam. diet. 2. p. 104.) capsules oblong, acutely angled, ending in 3-5 entire or bifid horns ; leaves ovate, rather hispid, serrated, with one bristle on each side at the base. Q. S. Native of St. Domingo and the East Indies. — Pluk. phyt. t. 44. f. 1. C. tetragonus, Mill. diet. no. 4.? Per- haps two species are confused under this name. Acute-angled-capsuled Corchorus. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1816. Shrub 2 feet. 24 C. PA'TENS (Lehm. in nov. act. bon. 12. p. 805.) leaves lanceolate, smooth, serrated, lower serratures setaceous ; capsule linear, 3-valved, 6-furrowed, smooth, tricuspidate, spreading; peduncles 1-3-flowered. O- H. Native of Egypt. Spreading -capsuled Corchorus. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 25 C. GUADALOUPE'NSIS (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 584.) leaves ovate-serrated, mutic at the base ; capsule linear, terete, obtuse- angled, 4-valved, 4-horned at the apex. (•)• S. Native of Guadaloupe. Flowers yellow. Guadaloupe Corchorus. PI. 1 foot. 12 544 TILIACEjE. V. COECHORUS. VI. HONCKENYA. VII. TRIUMFETTA. SECT. IV. GA'NJA (the name of the plant in Amboyna). Rumph. amb. 5. t. 78. f. 1. D. C. prod. 1. p. 505. Capsules somewhat globose, depressed, wrinkled, muricated. 26 C. CAPSULA'RIS (Lin. spec. 746.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, serrated, with the lower serratures setaceous. O- S. Native of the East Indies. Gsert. fr. t. 129. Jacq. eel. 2. t. 120. — Pluk. aim. t. 255. f. 4. Flowers yellow, in clusters, opposite the leaves. Capsular-podded Corchorus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1731. PL 1 to 4 feet. SECT. V. GUAZUMOI'DES (from Guazuma and idea, form ; plants agreeing with Guazuma, in having prickly capsules). D. C. prod. 1. p. 505. Capsules ovate, somewhat velvety, and echi- nated with soft prickles. Flowers yellow. 27 C. HIRSU'TUS (Lin. spec. 747.) capsules ovate, woolly ; leaves ovate, obtuse, tomentose, equally serrate-crenated or entire. Tj . S. Native of South America. — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 104. — Jacq. amer. pict. 81. t. 157. C. frutescens, Lam. diet. 2. p. 105. Peduncles umbellate, many-flowered. Var. ft, oblongifolius ; leaves oblong. J? . S. Native of Jamaica, &c. C. hirstitus, Jacq. hort. vind. t. 57. f. 2. Hairy Corchorus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1752. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 28 C. ARENA'RIUS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 339.) capsules oblong, 3-sided, 3-celled ; leaves small, in fasci- cles, oblong, blunt at both ends, undulately-crenated, rather complicated, coriaceous, tomentose ; branches clothed with flocky down. T? . S. Native of New Andalusia in sandy places. Sand Corchorus. Shrub 8 to 1 2 feet. 29 C. TOMENTOSUS (Thunb. fl. jap. 228.) capsules oblong, woolly ; leaves ovate, obtuse, tomentose, equally serrated, f? . G. Native on the mountains of Japan. Flowers orange-coloured, usually solitary. Tomentose Corchorus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. f Species not sufficiently known. 30 C. ? SCA'NDENS (Thunb. in Lin. trans. 2. p. 335.) leaves opposite, ovate, with setaceous serratures ; stem and branches flexuous-scandent ; flowers terminal, solitary, fy . ^.G. Native of Japan. Flowers yellow. Climbing Corchorus. Shrub climbing. 31 C. SERRA'TUS (Thunb. 1. c.) leaves oblong, serrated ; ser- ratures pointed ; branches smooth. Ij ? G. Native of Japan. Branches purple. Flowers yellow, terminal. Serrate-leaved Corchorus. Shrub 2 feet. 32 C. FLEXUOSUS (Thunb. 1. c.) leaves doubly serrated, acu- minated, obliquely cordate, villous ; stem flexuous. Tj ? S. Native of Japan. Flowers yellow. Flexuous-stemmed Corchorus. Shrub 2 feet. 33 C.? JAVA'NICUS (Burm. ind. 123. t. 36. f. 3.) capsules roundish, hispid ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, equally serrated ; calyxes awned. ^ 1 S. Native of Java. Perhaps this plant is nearer Melochia. Java Corchorus. Shrub ? 34 C. BURMA'NNI (D. C. prod. 1. p. 505.) capsules awl- shaped, trigonal, 3-celled, 3-valved ; leaves linear-oblong, ser- rated, with the lower serratures setaceous. J; . S. Native of the East Indies. C. trilocularis, Burm. ind. p. 123. t. 37. f. 2. This plant is probably referable to C. trilocularis or to C. trtdens, but according to the figure it is distinct from both. Burmann's Corchorus. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 35 C. BIFURCA'TUS (Mill. diet. no. 6.) capsules linear, com- pressed, forked at the apex ; leaves cordate, serrated. O- S. Native of Jamaica. Flowers pale-yellow. Capsules 2-celled. 7»»o-^brA:ed-capsuled Corchorus. PL 2 to 3 feet. 36 C. FURCA'TUS (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42.). ©. S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers yellow. Forced-capsuled Corchorus. PL 1 to 2 feet. 37 C. DECEMANGULA'RIS (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42.) capsules 10-angled. O- S. Native of the East Indies in Bengal. Ten-angled-capsu\ed Corchorus. PL 1 to 2 feet. 38 C. QUADRANGULA»RIS ; erect, smooth, branched ; leaves lanceolate, acute, serrated, with the lower serratures setaceous ; stipulas setaceous ; flowers nearly sessile ; capsule long, qua- drangular. O ? J? ? H. Native of Sierra Leone. Quadrangular-capsuled Corchorus. PL 1 foot. Cult. This is a genus of trifling plants with small yellow flowers ; therefore they are not worth cultivating, except in botanic gardens. They will thrive best in a light sandy soil, and cuttings of the shrubby kinds will readily root in sand, under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat. The annual species require to be sown on a hot-bed in spring, and when the plants are of sufficient size they should be potted off into separate pots, and then placed in the greenhouse or stove, or they may be planted out in the open border in a warm sheltered situation about the middle of May, where they will probably ripen seed. VI. HONCKE'NYA (in honour of G. A. Honckeney, a cele- brated German cultivator of plants.) Willd. in Ust. del. op. p. 201. t. 4. D. C. prod. 1. p. 506.^ LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals, co- riaceous, hairy on the outside, coloured on the inside. Petals 5, oblong. Stamens 8, with oblong anthers, intermixed with nu- merous capillary threads. Ovary oblong. Style 1. Stigma 6-toothed. Capsules echinated with prickles, 5-celled, 5-valved, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds numer- ous, arillate. This shrub is allied on the one side to Spar- mdnnia, and on the other to Apelba. 1 H. FICIFOLIA (Willd. 1. c.) TZ . S. Native of Guinea. Leaves clothed on the under surface with brownish tomentum, upper ones spatulate-oblong, toothed, lower ones obtusely 3-5- lobed. Flowers terminal in threes, of a bluish-violet colour. Fig-leaved Honckenya. Shrub or Tree. Cult. This plant will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat ; and young cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. VII. TRIUMFE'TTA (in honour of John Baptist Trium- fetti, an Italian botanist, author of observations on the vegeta- tion of plants; died 1707. It must also distinguish Laelius Triumfetti his brother, once professor of botany at Rome.) Lin. gen. no. 600. D. C. prod. 1. p. 506. LIN. SYST. Deca-Poly&ndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-sepalled, blunt, or usually with a point just under the apex. Petals 5, with the claws ciliated, rarely wanting. Stamens 10-30, free, girded by a narrow urceolus at the base. Glands 5 on the receptacle, opposite the petals. Ovary roundish. Style 1, 2- 5-toothed at the apex. Carpels 2-5, more or less closely joined into a single fruit, which is beset with hooked prickles. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell or carpel, hairy. Embryo straight. Shrubs, rarely herbs, with simple or 3-lobed leaves, for the most part 3-nerved at the base. Peduncles solitary, axillary, 2-3-flowered, but usually crowded, frequently joined at the base, commonly opposite the leaves, or disposed in clustered interrupted racemes on the tops of the branches. Corolla yellow. Pili stellate. SECT. I. LA'PPULA (a dim. of Lappa, burdock, resemblance in bristly capsules.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 506. — Triumfetta, Gsert. TILIACEjE. VII. TRIUMFETTA. 545 fruct. 111. Flowers apetalous. Carpels closely joined into an undi visible capsule, with a solitary seed in each cell. 1 T, LA'PPUIA (Lin. spec. 637.) leaves roundish, unequally toothed, somewhat villous, 5-nerved, 3-lobed ; lobes acuminate, f? . S. Native of the West Indies, Brazil, and the Bermudas. T. Plumieri, Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 137. — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 255. Small-bur Triumfetta. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1739. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 2 T. HETEROPHY'ILA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 420.) leaves undivided at the base, lower ones deeply lobed, upper ones oblong, repand. fy . S. Native of St. Domingo. — Pluk. amalth. t. 425. f. 3. Variable-leaved Triumfetta. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 3 T. PILO'SA (Roth. nov. spec. p. 223.) leaves ovate, acumi- nated, entire, unequally serrate, hairy, clothed, with silky to- mentum beneath, hardly emarginate at the base ; prickles of cap- sule ciliated. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Resembles T. Ldppula very much. Flowers yellow. Pilose Triumfetta. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. SECT. II. BARTRA'MIA (in honour of John Bartram, an An- glo-American botanist,) D. C. prod. 1. p. 506. Bartramia, Gaert. fruct. t. 111. but not of Hedw. Flowers of 5 petals. Carpels 3-4, not closely connected, and therefore when ripe se- parating into 3-4 parts. Seeds usually 2 in each cell or carpel. 4 T. RUBRICAU'LIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 342.) leaves oblong, acuminated, pubescent, serrated, with the lower serratures glandular ; branches puberulous ; peduncles axillary, 2-3-flowered. fj . S. Native of South America in dry shady places at Caraccas. Branches dark-purple. Stamens 24. Fruit spherical, hairy, 6-celled, indehiscent. Petals 5, yellow. Probably this plant may form a distinct section. Red-stemmed Triumfetta. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 5 T. BOOOTE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 506.) leaves ovate-ob- long, acuminated, sharply and doubly toothed, and are as well as the branches pilose ; peduncles 2-3, axillary, at apex 3- flowered. tj . S. Native of Santa-Fe-de-Bogota. Stamens 10. Fruit globose, 3-celled, echinated. F. pilosa, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 342. but not of Roth. Bogota Triumfetta. Shrub 3 feet? 6 T. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 421.) leaves roundish, unequally crenated, covered with white tomentum beneath ; flowers somewhat spiked ; fruit hairy and echinated. Q. S. Native of the East Indies. Leaves 4-5 lines in diameter. Flowers yellow. Round-leaved Triumfetta. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 2 ft. 7 T. SCBORBICULA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 506.) leaves some- what orbicular, entire, erosely-crenate, almost naked above, but covered with white down beneath ; racemes terminal, loose ; fruit covered with hooked bristles. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. T. rotundifolia, Roth. nov. spec. 222. but not of Lam. Stem erect. Flowers yellow. Suborbicular-\ea\ed ; Triumfetta. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2 feet. 8 T. SUFFRUTICOSA (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. l.p. 637.) stem suffruticose ; leaves ovate, cordate, acuminated, coarsely and unequally serrated, stellately-pilose beneath, younger and lower leaves half trifid ; peduncles usually 7, extra- axillary, umbellately 3-4-flowered at the apex ; calyx apiculate ; fruit pilose, and covered with long hooked bristles. Tj . S. Native of Java. Flowers yellow. Suffruticose Triumfetta. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 9 T. ORAVE'OLENS (Blum, bijdr. 1. c.) leaves ovate, cordate, acuminated, serrated, pilose on both surfaces ; peduncles usually tern, extra-axillary, 3- flowered ; calyx apiculated ; fruit co- VOL. i. — PART vi. vered with hooked bristles, without any pubescence. Q. S. Native of Java. Flowers yellow. Strong-scented Triumfetta. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 10 T. CA'NA (Blum, bijdr. 1. c.) leaves ovate-oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, cordate and unequally serrated at the base, beset with stellate pili above, but with stellate tomen- tum beneath ; peduncles 4-6 together, extra-axillary, usually 3- flowered ; calyx tomentose, apiculated ; fruit covered with hook- ed stiff hairs. ©• S. Native of Java. Flowers yellow. Hoary Triumfetta. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 11 T. GLANDULOSA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 421.) leaves roundish or broad-ovate, undivided, clothed with velvety tomentum beneath, toothed, lower teeth glandular beneath ; flowers axillary, upper ones disposed as if they were in a spike ; calyxes pubescent, acuminated ; fruit downy and echinated. Tj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Bartramia, Lam. ill. t. 400. f. 1. Flowers yellow. Glandular-leaved Triumfetta. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. - 12 T. VA'HLII (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 300.) leaves ovate-lanceo- late, serrated, villous on both surfaces from stellate down, hoary beneath, lower teeth of the upper leaves glandular ; stipulas awl- shaped. f% ? G. Native of Arabia Felix. T. glandulosa, Forsk. cat. arab. 297. Vahl. symb. 3. p. 62. Flowers yellow. Vahl's Triumfetta. Shrub 3 feet. 13 T. OVA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 507.) leaves ovate, un- divided, unequally toothed, smoothish above, hoary beneath, glandless, 7-nerved ; flowers disposed in interrupted spikes, fj ? S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. Flowers yellow. Oz)«; . S. Native of the Coro- mandel coast and the Mauritius. Sonn. voy. 2. t. 138. Leaves like those of Tilia argentea. Flowers small. Berries small, red, and acid. Asiatic Grewia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1792. Shrub 12 feet. 54 G. SCLEROPHY'LLA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 92.) leaves large, roundish, obtuse, wrinkled, unequally toothed, smooth above and villous beneath ; peduncles axillary, 2-flowered, rather longer than the petioles. Tj . S. Native of Saharimpoor. Leaves usually rounded at the apex, but sometimes with a point, 3-5-nerved at the base. Flowers rather large. Hard-leaved Grewia. Tree 20 feet. 55 G. SUBIN.KQUA'I.IS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 511.) leaves orbi- cular, oblique at the base, with 5-7 palmate nerves, acuminated at the apex, serrate, pubescent ; peduncles 2-3 together, 2-3- flowered, longer than the petioles, fj . S. Native of the East Indies. G. arborea, Roth. nov. spec. 247. but not of Forsk. Almost-equal-\ea.ve& Grewia. Tree 15 feet. 56 G. iN.s:auAvi,is (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 657.) leaves usually 5-nerved at the base, ovate-oblong, acu- minated, somewhat cordate at the base, unequally and obtusely serrated, covered with stellate pubescence above, but with white tomentum beneath ; peduncles 2-4, axillary, 2-6-flowered, um- bellate, with the pedicels bracteate at the base ; petals oblong, shorter than the calyx, fj . S. Native of Java. (/nejMa^-leaved Grewia. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 57 G. ARBOREA (Roxb. hort. beng. 92.) leaves ovate, subcor- date, obtusely serrated, covered with stellate pubescence on both surfaces ; peduncles aggregate, elongated, axillary, umbellately- panicled. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Leaves 5-nerved at the base. Tree Grewia. Tree 20 feet. 58 G. VILLOSA (Roth. nov. spec. 248.) leaves roundish-ovate, with a short acumen, somewhat cordate at the base, doubly serrate, beset with starry hairs above, and with starry greyish down beneath, rufous on both surfaces ; peduncles crowded to- gether, 1-flowered, shorter than the petioles. Tj . S. • Native of the East Indies. Resembles G. subincequalis. Villous Grewia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1816. Shrub 6 feet. 59 G. ORBICULARIS (Lamb, herb.) leaves roundish-ovate, hoary on both surfaces, rather serrulated ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 3 -flowered. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Orbicular-leaved Grewia. Shrub 10 feet. 60 G. ABUTILIFOIIA (Juss. ann. 4. p. 92.) leaves broad-cor- date, sinuately-angular at the apex, unequally-toothed, scabrous above, somewhat tomentose beneath ; peduncles 2-3 together, each bearing 3 flowers, much shorter than the petioles. Pj . S. Native of Java. G. arbutifolia, Pers. no. 31. Resembles G. aspera. Mulberry-leaved Grewia. Shrub 12 feet. 61 G. A SPERA (Roth. nov. spec. 245.) leaves ovate-roundish, acuminated, blunt at the base, unequally serrated, rough on both surfaces from starry hairs ; pedicels in threes, 1-flowered, shorter than the petioles, fj . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers purple ? G. abutifolia, Wall, in herb. Lin. soc. but not of Juss. /Jo«g/(-leaved Grewia. Shrub 8 feet. 62 G. TILI^FOLIA (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 35.) leaves roundish, cordate, smooth, bluntly serrate ; peduncles 2-3 together, each bearing 4 flowers, shorter than the petioles. tj . S. Native of the East Indies and Ceylon. Microcos lateriflora, Lin. spec. 734. G. arborea, Roxb. ex Willd. nov. act. nat. cur. 1813. p. 205. Lime-tree-leaved Grewia. Clt. 1812. Tree 12 feet. 63 G. SA'PIDA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42.) leaves oval, 5- TILIACE.E. IX. GREWIA. X. MICROCOS. XI. VINCENTIA. 551 nerved, obtuse at both ends, coarsely toothed, smoothish ; pe- duncles 3 together, each bearing 3 flowers, 4-times longer than the petioles, Tj . S. Native of Bengal. Fruit eatable. Good-tasted Grewia. Shrub 6 feet. 64 G. ORBICCIA'TA (Rottl. ex Willd. in nov. spec. act. nat. cur. 1813. p. 205.) leaves roundish-cordate, scabrous, downy beneath, ciliary-serrated ; peduncles umbellate, shorter than the petioles. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies. G. villosa, Willd. 1. c. and Smith in Rees' cycl. vol. 17. no. 18. Orbiculate-leaved Grewia. Shrub 6 feet. 65 G. ? THEREBINTHINA'CEA (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 114.) leaves 5-nerved, cordate, acuminated, toothed, rarely 3-lobed, clothed with soft villi ; petioles compressed ; flowers racemose ; pedicels aggregate. Jj . S. Native of? Branchlets opposite the leaves in flower-bearing branches. Leaves when bruised smell- ing of Pelargonium. Fruit unknown. This plant is sometimes to be found in gardens under the name of Heliocdrpus, and it is probably a species of that genus with a 4-celled ovary. Turpentine-scented Grewia. Clt. 1 820. Shrub 6 feet. 66 G. ERIOCA'RPA (Juss. ann. 4. p. 93.) leaves ovate, 5- nerved, bluntly serrate, tomentose beneath ; peduncles 1-2 toge- ther, usually 3-flowered ; petals very narrow, not glandular ; torus not elongated. Tj . S. Native of Java. Woolly-fruited Grewia. Shrub. 67 G. DISPE'RMA (Rottl. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 579.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, serrate, triple-nerved ; peduncles solitary, 3-flowered ; petals very short. ^ . S. Na- tive of the East Indies. Two- seeded Grewia. Shrub 6 feet. •f Species not sufficiently known. 68 G. VELUTI'NA (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 35.) leaves oval, very soft on both surfaces, hoary beneath, bluntly serrate, oblique at the base ; peduncles 2-3 together, very short, each bearing 3 flowers. Tj . G. Native of Arabia. Chadara velutma, Forsk. descr. 106. Flowers smaller than those of G. Asidtica. Velvety-leaved Grewia. Shrub. 69 G. OBTUSIFOLIA (Willd. enum. 566.) leaves oblong-ellip- tic, blunt at both ends, hairy, acutely and unequally toothed. Tj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purple ? Obtuse-leaved Grewia. Shrub 6 feet. 70 G. AFRICA NA (Mill. diet. no. 2.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrate. Tj . S. Native of Senegal. African Grewia. Shrub 6 feet. 71 G. ECHINULA'TA (Del. in Guilliaud. voy. a Meroe ex Bull, scien. nat. June, 1827. p. 256.) leaves somewhat orbicular, cor- date ; peduncles extra-axillary ; fruit umbellate, globose, de- pressed, hispid, warted, containing 4, 3-seeded nuts. Tj . G. Native of the north of Africa at Meroe. Echinaled-fruhed Grewia. Shrub. f The names of species extracted from Roxburgh's Hortus Calcutensis, p. 42 and 92. but these are probably identical with some of those described above, viz. G. polygama, pedicel- lata, lancecefolia, Roxb. Cult. All the species of Grewia thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and cuttings will root in sand, under a bell-glass ; those of the stove species in heat. X. MI'CROCOS (from /itcpoe, micros, small, KOKKOS, koccos, a berry). Burm. thes. zeyl. p. 159. Lin. gen. 267. Gaert. fruct. t. 57. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5, emarginate, without any scale or gland on the inside at the base as in Grewia. Stamens numerous, inserted on the top of the torus, free ; anthers roundish. Style 1, crowned by a bluntish stigma. Drupe roundish, containing a nut of 3 cells, each rilled with a solitary kernel. Albumen none. Shrubs with the habit of Grewia, but the inflorescence is terminal and pani- cled, not axillary as in that genus. It also differs particularly in the involucral-bracteas ; there are generally 3 flowers toge- ther ; these are surrounded by 3 trifid bracteas, within which are found 3 smaller linear ones, as well as cut ones at the bottom of the branches of the panicle. 1 M. PANICCLA'TA (Lin. spec. 733.) leaves ovate-oblong, acu- minated, .3-nerved, smooth, slightly serrated ; panicle terminal, villous, with 2 or 3 flowers together within a 7-leaved involu- crum ; stipulas and bracteas usually bifid or trifid. Fj . S. Native of the East Indies. Grewia microcos, Lin. syst. ed. 12. vol. 2. p. 602. Grewia ulmifolia, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42. Flowers reddish. Pamc«/aj . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers white. Smooth Muntingia. Tree 30 feet. Cult. These trees thrive well in a light loamy soil ; and cuttings will root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. They are handsome trees, and worth cultivating. XVIII. APEPBA (a name given to Apelba Tibourbou by the natives of Brazil.) Margr. bras. p. 124. Aubl. guian. 1. p. 538. D. C. prod. 1. p. 514. — Aubletia, Schreb. gen. no. 889. — Oxy- tandrum, Neck. elem. no. 1005. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5, rarely 4-parted. Petals 5, rarely 4, unguiculate, rather smaller than the calyx. Stamens numerous, with short filaments and long anthers, each ending in 2 leafy lobules. Style dilated at the apex into a funnel- shaped, toothed stigma. Capsule spherical, depressed, coria- ceous, rough from stiff hairs or rigid bristles, 8-24 celled. Seeds minute, many in each cell, fixed to the central fleshy receptacle. — Trees or shrubs, clothed with starry down. Leaves broad, entire. Flowers large, golden-yellow or greenish. Peduncles opposite the leaves, branched, many-flowered. The wood of all the species is white and very light. The bark is fibrous and tough, and fit for making cordage. 1 A. TIBOU'RBOU (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 538. t. 213.) leaves cor- date, ovate-oblong, serrated, hairy beneath; calyx 5 -parted; fruit 10-celled, densely clothed with bristles. Jj.S. Native of Guiana and Cayenne on hills, also of Tobago and the province of Caraccas. Rich. act. soc. hist. nat. par. p. 110. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amsr. 5. p. 347. — Apeiba, Margr. bras. t. 124. Sloanea, Lcefl. itin. 311. A. hirsuta, Lam. diet. 1. p. 208. Aubletia Ti- burbu, Swartz. Petals dark-yellow. The tree is called Tibour- bou by the inhabitants of Guiana. Tibourbou Apeiba. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1756. Tree 10 feet. 2 A. PETOU MO (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 543. t. 215.) leaves ovate- oblong, somewhat cordate at the base, entire, hoary beneath ; calyx 4-5-parted ; fruit densely clothed with bristles, 1 8 or 20- celled. f? . S. Native of Guiana in the woods of Sinemaria. Rich. act. hist. soc. nat. par. 110. A. hispida, Gaert. fr. 2. p. 121. Aubletia Petoumo, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1156. Corolla yel- low. The tree is called Petoumo by the Caribbees. Petoumo Apeiba. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1817. Tree 40 feet. 3 A. ULMIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 347.) leaves elliptical-oblong, somewhat acuminated, rounded at the base, sharply toothed, downy above, but clothed with very fine cobwebbed rusty tomentum beneath. Tj . S. Native of South America on the banks of the river Orinoco. Corolla yellow. Resembles A. Petoumo. Elm-leaved Apeiba. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 4 A. A'SPERA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 545. t. 216.) leaves ovate- oblong, somewhat cordate, quite entire, smooth ; calyx 4-5- parted; fruct 8-10-celled, muricated with short conical pu- TILIACEjE. XVIII. APEIBA. XIX. SLOANEA. 555 bescent tubercles. fj • S. Native of Guiana and Cayenne, where it is called Petoumo. Lam. ill. t. 470. f. 3. Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 188. t. 121. Aubletia aspera, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1156. Corolla yellow. .Ro«g/(-fruited Apeiba. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1792. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 5 A. ECHINA'TA (Gaert. fr. 2. p. 189. t. 121.) leaves? fruit muricated, with long, pyramidal, and ve.ry smooth tubercles, 8-10-celled. fj . S. Native of South America. Echinated-frmted Apeiba. Tree. 6 A. LjEVis ; leaves ovate-oblong, entire, acuminated, smooth, on long petioles ; peduncles axillary, opposite the leaves, and terminal, constituting a terminal, many-flowered corymbose panicle ; petals and sepals 4. J? . S. Native of Guiana. Flowers apparently red. (v. s. herb. Lamb.) Smoothed-\enved Apeiba. Shrub 12 feet. 7 A. GLA'BRA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 541. t. 214.) leaves ovate^ oblong, acuminated, quite entire, smooth; calyx 5 -parted ; fruit scabrous, 8-10-celled. T?.S. Native of Cayenne and Guiana where the inhabitants call it Ivouyra. They use pieces of the wood rounded and pointed to produce fire, whence the Creoles call it Bois de meche. Aubletia laeVis, Swartz. prod. 83. Willd. spec. 2. p. 1156. Petals blunt, greenish. Smooth-leaved Apeiba. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1817. Tree 10 to 15 feet. 8 A. DI'SCOLOR (Spreng. neu. entd. 2. p. 166. under Aub- letia) leaves ovate-oblong, quite entire, hairy beneath, 2-co- loured ; anthers bristly at the apex ; fruit covered with bristles. Two-coloured-\ea.ved Apeiba. Tree 20 feet. Cult. Apeiba is a genus of trees with fine broad leaves and largish usually yellow flowers. The species will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat. The best way of bringing them into flower in this country is by cutting a ring round the bark of a large branch ; by this means the growth is stopped. The cuttings must be taken off when well ripened, and they should be planted in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. The glass they are plan ted under should be tilted occasionally, so as to give a little air to the cuttings, otherwise they are apt to damp off. XIX. SLOA'NEA (in honour of Sir Hans Sloane, once Pre- sident of the Royal Society, founder of the British Museum, and Chelsea Botanical Garden, author of a history of Jamaica, died in 1753). Plum. gen. t. 15. D. C. prod. 1. p. 515. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4-7 lanceo- late-linear sepals, which are velvety on the outside and coloured on the inside, sometimes they are connected at the base and sometimes almost to the middle. Petals wanting. Stamens numerous, almost destitute of filaments, but with very long anthers, which are terminated by a small point. Ovary 1 , crowned by a filiform stigma. Capsules coriaceous, woody, roundish, 4-5-celled, 4-5-valved, echinated from crowded some- what woody bristles; cells 1-3-seeded. Seeds covered with fleshy aril. Trees natives of South America, with large alter- nate leaves, and each flower furnished with 1 bractea. This genus should perhaps be divided into as many genera as there are sections. SECT. I. SLOA'NEA (see genus). Plum. gen. 1. 15. D. C. prod. 1. p. 515. Calyx 6-7-cleft. Style long, simple. Capsule 4-valved, covered with straight or inflexed bristles. Seeds enwrapped in fleshy aril. 1 S. DENTA'TA (Lin. spec. 730.) leaves ovate, acute, bluntly toothed; stipulas cordate-triangular, serrated. T? . S. Native of South America. Castanea Sloanea, Mill. diet. S. grandi- flora, Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 2. S. Plumierii, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 536. Flowers large. Toothed-leaved Sloanea. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1752. Tree 50 feet. 2 S. NI'TIDA ; leaves broad-lanceolate, acute, shining, entire ; stipulas deciduous ; peduncles pubescent, terminal, usually 3 or 4 together, 1-flowered, furnished with 2 opposite bracteas in the middle ; capsule thickly beset with straight, purple bristles ; calyx 4-cleft. ^ . S. Native of Guiana. Peduncles some- times 2-flowered, rising from the bracteas. Leaves very long and coriaceous, (v. s. herb. Lamb.) Shiny-leaved Sloanea. Tree 50 feet. 3 S. PLUMIEVRI ; leaves cordate at the base, sinuately toothed ; stipulas serrated. Tj • S. Native of St. Domingo. Plum. icon, ed Burm. 240. t. 244. f. 1. Flowers large. Plumier's Sloanea. Tree 50 feet. SECT. II. GYNOSTOMA (from yvrri, gyne, a female, and arofia, stoma, a mouth ; in allusion to the stigma being perfo- rated). D. C. prod. 1. p. 515. Calyx 5-parted, with- equal lobes. Torus thickened. Anthers hairy on the outside. Style awl-shaped. Stigma perforated, scarcely toothletted. Capsule 4-valved, covered with variously inflexed bristles ; valves open- ing from the base to the apex. 4 S. MAss6Ni (Swartz, fl. ind. occid. 2. p. 938.) leaves cor- date, elliptical, obtuse, entire, or toothed ; stipulas linear, ser- rated. J? . S. Native of the West India Islands. Leaves more than a foot long. Racemes axillary, nodding towards the ends of the branches. Flowers smaller than those of the pre- ceding species. Masson's Sloanea. Tree 50 feet. SECT. III. MYRIOCH^TA (from pvpioe, myrios, an indefinite number, and xatr*)i chalte, the hair of the head ; in allusion to the capsule being covered with innumerable stiff hairs). D. C. prod. l.p. 515. Calyx 5-parted, with 1 of the lobes smaller than the rest. Torus villous. Style short. Stigmas 4-5, simple. Capsules 4-5-celled, 4-5-valved, covered with crowded stiff bristles. 5 S. SINEMARIE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 534. t. 212.) leaves roundish-ovate, entire ; stipulas long, acuminated, deciduous. J? . S. Native of Guiana and the West India Islands, particu- larly St. Christopher. Lam. ill. t. 469. S. Aubletii, Swartz, fl. ind. occid. p. 490. Wood compact and red. Leaves a foot long. Racemes axillary, each peduncle with a single flower, shorter than the petioles. Flowers small. This tree is pro- bably a species of Ablania. Sinemaria Sloanea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Tree 50 ft. SECT. IV. OXYA'KDRA (from o£«e, oxus, sharp or pointed, and avrip avSpog, aner andros, a male, alluding to the sharp- pointed anthers). D. C. prod. 1. p. 515. Calyx 5-parted; lobes linear-lanceolate, acuminated. Torus small. Style fili- form, long, simple. Capsule, judging from the ovary, is pro- bably destitute of bristles. This is probably a distinct genus. 6 S. CORYMBIFLORA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 516.) leaves ovate, acute, entire ; stipulas deciduous ; peduncles axillary, branched, corymbose at the apex, many-flowered. Tj . S. Native of French Guiana. Corymb-flowered Sloanea. Tree 30 feet. SECT. V. ? FOVEOLA'RIA (from fovea, a pit-fall ; alluding to the receptacle being honey-combed or pierced). D. C. prod. 1. p. 516. but not of Ruiz and Pav. fl. per. Calyx 4-parted ; lobes ovate-lanceolate, bluntish. Torus distinctly foveolate. Stamens with longish hairy filaments, and elongated, downy, hardly acute anthers. Ovary ovate, villous. Style villous at the base. Stigmas 3. This is perhaps a distinct genus. 4 n 2 TILIACEJE. XX. ESENBECKIA. XXI. ABLANIA. XXII. GYROSTEMON. XXIII. CHRISTIANA. XXIV. LUHEA. 556 7 S. BERTERIA'NA (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 51 6.) leaves ovate, tapering to both ends ; petioles tumid at the base and top ; racemes few-flowered, rather shorter than the petioles. Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Rheedia lateriflora, Bert, in litt. Flowers small. Bertero's Sloanea. Tree 40 feet. Cult. A genus of fine trees with large leaves. They thrive best in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat. XX. ESENBE'CKIA (in honour of Nees Von Esenbeck, Professor of Botany at Bonn on the Rhine, author of numerous botanical memoirs). LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx 1 -leaved, tur- binate before flowering, at length saucer-formed, girded by a 3-parted deciduous involucel. Petals 5. Stamens numerous, free ; anthers twin. Style 1, crowned by a capitate, 5 -angled stigma. Capsule woody, 5-angled, - 5-valved ; valves with a dissepiment in the middle of each, and covered on the outside with stiff bristles. Seeds 3-6 in each cell, adhering to the dis- sepiment. Albumen fleshy. Embryo straight. Cotyledons leafy. A tall tree 120 feet high, with alternate, oval, retuse quite entire leaves, and lateral many-flowered peduncles. 1 E. ALTI'SSIMA (Blum. 1. c.). J? . S. Native of Java. Thes- pesia altissima, Spreng. syst. app. p. 257. Tallest Esenbeckia. Tree 120 feet. Cult, This tree should be propagated and cultivated in the same manner as that recommended for Sloanea. XXI. ABLA'NIA (A. Guianensis is named Goulougou-ablani by the Caribbees in Guiana). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 585. t. 234. D. C. prod. 1. p. 516. Trichocarpus, Schreb. gen. no. 923. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Digynia. Calyx 4-5-parted (pro- bably valvate in the bud). Petals wanting. Stamens numerous, with unconnected filaments and roundish anthers. Ovary ovate. Styles 2, bifid. Capsules 4-valved, 1 -celled ; valves covered on the outside with stiff bristles. Seeds numerous, covered with aril, fixed to the free placenta. A genus not sufficiently known, but is allied to Sloanea and lSJ.ru. 1 A. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 585. t. 234.) leaves oblong, waved ; flowers corymbose, fj . S. Native of Guiana in woods. Lam. ill. t. 479. A. laurifolia, Pers. ench. 2. p. 81. Trichocarpus laurifolius, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1224. Flowers corymbose, axillary. Guiana Ablania. Tree 50 feet. 2 A. DIGITA'TA (Spreng. syst. append, p. 210.) leaves digi- tate, smooth, shining above ; leaflets oblong, serrulate ; flowers corymbose, t; . S. Native of Brazil at Rio Grande. .Digitate-leaved Ablania. Tree 40 feet. Cult. These fine trees will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and ripened cuttings will root in sand, under a hand- glass, in heat. XXII. GYROSTE'MON (from ywpoc, gyros, a circle, arrjfjiuv, stemon, a stamen ; in allusion to the stamens being twisted round each other in a circular manner). Desf. mem. mus. 6. p. 1 6. and 8. p. 115. D. C. prod. 1. p. 516. LIN. SYST. Dioecia, Polyandria. Flowers dioecious. Calyx spreading, 6-7-lobed. Petals wanting. Stamens in the male flowers numerous, twisted about each other ; filaments wanting ; anthers 4-lobed, 2-celled, seated on a naked receptacle. Ova- ries in the female flowers 20-40, disposed in a whorl around the central axis, each bearing 1 style. Carpels capsular, mem- branous, 2-valved, 1 -seeded. Seeds incurved, transversely striated, adhering to the upper part of the free central axis of the fruit. Embryo incurved, placed at the base of a horny albumen ; cotyledons linear, parallel. Smooth, branching shrubs from New Holland. Probably more nearly allied to Malvaceae or Euphorbiacetse. 1 G. RAMULOSUM (Desf. mem. mus. 6. p. 17. t. 6.) leaves linear, almost sessile. \ . G. Native of New Holland on the sterile islands. Male flowers pale-yellow. This shrub resembles a species of E'phedra when dry. Flowers solitary, axillary. Branched Gyrostemon. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 2 G. COTINIFOLIUM (Desf. mem. mus. 8. p. 116. t. 10.) leaves ovate, roundish, stalked. Tj. G. Native of New Holland at a place called Baye des chiens marins. Flowers in racemes. Cotinus-leaved Gyrostemon. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. These shrubs will thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat and sand ; and ripened cuttings will root in sand, under a hand-glass. XXIII. CHRISTIA'NA (in memory of Christian Smith or Scfimidt, M. D., a young Norwegian botanist of great promise, who went out with Captain Tuckey in his unfortunate expedi- tion to explore the Congo river, on the south-western coast of Africa, where he died, as well as most of the officers and crews). R. Br. congo. p. 9. D. C. prod. 1. p. 516. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx 3-lobed. Pe- tals 5. Stamens indefinite. Capsules 5, capsular, 1 -seeded, connected at the base. This genus is hardly known. It is allied to Ventenatia. 1 C. AFRICA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 516.). ^ . S. Native of Africa at the river Congo, where it was detected by the unfor- tunate Christian Smith. African Christiana. Shrub. Cult. If ever this shrub should be introduced into Europe, we would recommend its being grown in a mixture of loam, peat and sand ; and ripened cuttings will probably root in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat. XXIV. LUHE'A (in honour of Charles Van der Luhe, a German botanist, who has wrote on the plants of the Cape of Good Hope). Willd. act. soc. nat. scrut. berol. 3. p. 409. t. 5. Luhea et Alegria, D. C. prod. 1. p. 517. LIN. SYST. Polyadelphia, Polyandria. Involucel short, 6-9-12- parted. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, with anadnate gland at the claw- on the inner side. Stamens numerous ; filaments awl-shaped, pilose at the base, and are joined at the bottom into 5 bundles. Stamen scales, or nectaries 5, pencilled or fringed ; anthers-roundish, 2-celled, at length versatile. Style thick, gradually dilated from the base to the apex. Stigma 5-lobed, perforated, papillose. Capsules 5-angled, 5-celled, 5-valved, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve, few or many-seeded. Seeds disposed in 2 rows on the margins of the dissepiments, winged at the apex. Albumen fleshy. Cotyledons leafy. This is a fine genus of trees, allied on the one side to Gremia and on the other to Apeiba. Leaves alternate, distich, on short footstalks with pro- minent nerves beneath. Flowers sometimes solitary, terminal, but usually dichotomously branched ; cymes axillary and ter- minal, frequently panicled and racemose. Bracteas under the forks. Pili stellate. Calyx valvate, and petals twisted in aesti- vation. Corolla white, rarely red. 1 L. SPECIOSA (Willd. 1. c. and spec. 3. p. 1434.) leaves ovate, blunt, unequally toothed, smooth above and hoary beneath, 3- nerved ; racemes terminal, simple, few-flowered. Tj . S. Na- tive of Brazil. Flowers white. Sheny Luhea. Tree 30 feet. 2 L. DENSIFLORA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 294.) leaves broad- obovate, short-acuminate, quite entire at the base, pale-rufes- cent beneath ; flowers disposed as if they were in a crowded TILIACE.E. XXIV. LUHEA. XXV. MOLLIA. XXVI. VATICA. XXVII. ESPERA. 557 panicle, each flower on a short, thick pedicel ; outer calyx 9- parted, with linear-lanceolate segments ; petals oblong, some- what rbomboidal ; stamen scales fringed at the apex. 17 . S. Na- tive of Brazil. Petals silky at the bottom, but smooth, denti- culated, and curled at the top. Dense-flowered Luhea. Fl. Jan. Tree 10 to 20 feet? 3 L. GRANDIFLORA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 99. t. 59.) leaves broad-ovate, somewhat unequal-sided, acute, unequally serrated, pubescent above and white tomentose beneath ; flowers panicu- lately cymose ; pedicels long, bracteate, and are as well as the calyxes covered with brown olive tomentum ; segments of outer calyx cordate, acute ; petals rhomboidal ; stamen scales free, entire, ciliately jagged at the apex. Jj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes in mountain woods. Petals dilated at the base, bearded at the claws, ending in a lanceolate-spatulate white limb. Involucel 8-parted, (Mart.) Great-flowered Luhea. Tree 20 feet. 4 L. PANICCLA'TA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 100. t. 62.) leaves broad-ovate, b'.untish or acutish, cordate at the base ; somewhat unequal-sided, of a rufous-white colour beneath, unequally ser- rated, floral ones smallest ; cymes at the tops of the branches dis- posed in a large leafy panicle, each flower on a short pedicel ; outer calyx 9 -parted with lanceolate segments ; petals rhom- boidal ; stamen scales multifid even to the base, bearded. T; • S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals with short fleshy claws and an obovate, subemarginate, rose-coloured or white limb, pubescent at the base. The inhabitants of Brazil use the bark of this tree to tan leather under the name of Acoeta cavalhos. Panicled-flowered Luhea. Fl. Mar. April. Tree 10 to 20 ft. 5 L. DIVARICA'TA (Mart. fl. bras. I. p. 101.) leaves oblong or obovate, unequal-sided, with a short acumen, unequally ser- rate, but quite entire at the base, smooth above but hoary beneath ; flowers dichotomously panicled ; peduncles divaricate, cymose ; pedicels short, thick ; outer calyx 6-parted, with linear, acute segments ; petals obovate ; stamen scales dissected even to the middle. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in the province of St. Paul. Corolla rose-coloured ; petals obovately orbicular, broadish at the claws and covered with long, dense hairs, the rest smooth, yellow at the base. .Dzwaricate-peduncled Luhea. Tree 30 feet. 6 L. VILLOSA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 102.) leaves broad-ovate, acutish, denticulated, equal-sided ; flowers panicled ; fruit vil- lous. \i . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Bahia. Villous Luhea. Tree 20 feet. 7 L. CA'NDICANS (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 102.) leaves ovate- oblong, denticulately serrated, white beneath from tomentum ; flowers subsolitary. I? . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Bahia. Flowers white. White-leaved. Luhea. Tree 20 feet. 8 L. CA'NDIDA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 102.) leaves ovate-ser- rated, on short petioles, white beneath; involucel 10-12-parted ; stamens a little joined at the base ; stamen scales fringed, di- vided even to the base. Tj . S. Native of Mexico. Alegria Candida, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 517. A shewy tree with white flowers about the size of those of a single rose. White-fiowered Luhea. Tree 30 feet. 9 L. UNIFLORA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 290.) leaves ovate, acute, entire at the base, pale-rufescer.t beneath ; flowers soli- tary on short thick pedicels ; outer calyx 9-parted ; segments linear-lanceolate ; petals oblong, linear ; stamen scales capil- laceous. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. Petals white, hairy and ciliated at the base, the rest smooth. This species appears to approach L. cdndicans. One-flowered Luhea. Fl. Dec. Tree 15 feet. 10 L. RUFE'scENs(St.Hil. fl.bras. l.p. 293. t. 293. A.) leaves elliptic or obovate, short-acuminate, subcordate at the base, rufescent beneath ; flowers loosely cymose, each flower on a long pedicel ; outer calyx 9-parted, with linear lanceolate seg- ments ; petals oblong, obovate ; stamen scales fringed at the apex. T? . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals white, curled, silky-pubescent above the base, the rest smooth. Rufescent Luhea. Fl. April. Tree 20 feet. 11 L. LAXIFLORA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 293.) leaves ellip- tical, short-acuminate, quite entire at the base, pale-rufescent beneath ; flowers disposed as it were in few-flowered lax ra- cemes, each flower on a long pedicel ; outer calyx 9-parted, with lanceolate, acuminated segments ; petals oblong-ovate ; stamen scales fringed at the top. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of Minas Geraes and Minas Novas. Petals white, pubescent and entire at the base, but smooth, denticulated, and curled at the apex. Loose-flowered Luhea. Fl. May. Shrub 10 feet. Cult. Luhea is a genus of fine broad-leaved trees with shewy white or red flowers. They will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and cuttings not too ripe will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. All the species are worth cultivating. XXV. MO'LLIA (in honour of L. B. de Moll, Counsellor of State to the King of Bavaria, a patron of natural history). Mart. fl. bras. l.p. 96. Schlechtendalia, Spreng. syst. app. p. 295. LIN. SYST. Polyadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5. Stamens divided into many bundles, disposed in many series, outer series divided into 5 bundles, inner one indeter- minately joined. Style simple. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved to the middle, without a central column. Seeds awl-shaped, nu- merous, disposed in 2 series in each cell. A middle-sized tree with alternate simple, stalked, stipulate leaves, and axillary aggregate stalked flowers. 1 M. SFECi6sA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 97. t. 60.) leaves ovate, repandly-toothed at the apex, smooth, covered with small scales beneath ; flowers axillary, subcorymbose. T? . S. Native of Brazil near the bar of the Rio Negro. Petals white, a little shorter than the calyx, finely serrulated at the tip. Shewy Mollia. Tree 10 to 20 feet. Cult. This tree should be propagated and cultivated in the same manner as that recommended for Luhea. XXVI. VA'TICA (from Vaticanus, god of the prophets, which is derived from vales, divine. This tree is said to be employed by the people of China in some religious ceremonies). Lin. mant. 2. p. 152. D. C. prod. 1. p. 517. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft ; lobes acute, probably valvate in the bud. Petals 5, hoary on the outside, obovate-oblong, twisted in the bud. Anthers 15, ses- sile, ovate, 4-celled, 3 in front of each petal. Ovary 5-angled. Style 1, crowned by a 3-lobed stigma. Capsule 3-celled? cells 1-seeded? Smith. This genus is not sufficiently known. 1 V. CHINE'NSIS (Lin. mant. 2. p 152.). Tj . G. Native of China. Smith, icon. ined. t. 36. Lam. ill. t. 397. A shrub with angular branches, alternate cordate-oblong blunt quite entire leaves and panicles of flowers. The 2 outer cells of an- thers terminated each in a spine. Chinese Vatica. Tree 40 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will suit this tree, and ripened cuttings will root in sand, under a hand-glass. XXVII. E'SPERA (perhaps from cmrepa, espera, the even- ing ; application not evident). Willd. act. soc. nat. cur. berol. 3. p. 449. B.C. prod. 1. p. 517. 558 TILIACEjE. XXVIII. BERRYA. XXIX. EUTHEMIS. XXX. XEROPETALUM. EL^OCARPE^E. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, spreading. Petals 6, permanent, 3 times as long as the calyx. Stamens numerous, with capillary filaments and roundish anthers. Style 1. Stigma 1. Capsule oblong, 4-6-winged, 4-6-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. Seeds roundish, hairy. Allied to Humlria and Sloanea according to Jussieu. '1 E. CORDIFOLIA (Willd. 1. c.). fj . S. Native of? A shrub with alternate, stalked, cordate, quite entire leaves and terminal panicles of flowers. Heart-leaved Espera. Shrub 5 feet. Cult. This shrub will thrive well in a mixture of turfy loam and peat ; and cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XXVIII. BE'RRYA (in honour of Dr. Berry, a friend of Roxburgh's, who first introduced this tree into the botanic gar- den at Calcutta). Roxb. cor. 3. p. 59. t. 264. D. C. prod. 1. p. 516. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals, which are connected before expansion, but afterwards separating irregularly, downy on the outside but coloured within, soon falling off. Petals 5, oblong. Stamens numerous ; filaments unconnected (or joined at the base) ; anthers small, 2-celled. Ovary 1, sessile, 3-winged. Style 1. Stigma trigonal, capi- tate. Capsule roundish, 3-celled, 3-valved, 6-winged, each valve bearing 2 horizontal wings on the back, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve within. Seeds 2 in each cell, large, ovate-globose, covered with stiff hairs. A tree with broad, cor- date, entire leaves, and spreading terminal panicles of small whitish -yellow flowers. 1 B. AMOMI'LLA (Roxb. cor. 1. c.). Tj . S. Native of Cey- lon. Branches round, smooth. Leaves alternate, without sti- pulas, stalked, ovate, acuminate, entire, smooth, 7-nerved at the base. Amomilla is the Cingalese name of the tree. Amomilla Berrya. Clt. 1810. Tree 36 feet. Cult. This tree will succeed well in a mixture of turfy loam and peat ; and cuttings will root readily if planted in sand or mould under a hand-glass, in heat. XXIX. EUTHE'MIS (from tv6r]^v, euthemon, neat or pretty ; in allusion to the elegance and neatness of the shrubs). Jack, in mal. misc. 1. Wall in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 303. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx inferior, of 5- sepals. Petals 5. Stamens 5, hypogynous. Anthers adnate, bursting at the apex, with 2 pores. Style filiform. Stigma sim- ple. Berry 5-seeded. Seeds disposed round the axis, enclosed in a fibrous aril, albuminous, oblong, angular. Embryo inverse, cylindrical, almost as long as the seed, with a superior radicle. — Small shrubs, with simple, serrated, alternate, stipulate leaves, and racemes of flowers. This genus agrees with Tiliaceae in the stipulate leaves and entire petals, but with Elceocdrpece in the anthers bursting by 2 pores at the apex. 1 E. LEUCOCA'RPA (Jack, 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, beautifully spiny- serrated ; racemes branched at the base ; stipulas lanceo- late, ciliated, soon falling off; fruit globose, white. Jj . S. Native of the forests of Singapore. This is a shrub of uncommon ele- gance and beauty. Corolla white, tinged with purple. Anthers longer than the filaments, ending in a long point, which is a little twisted. White-fruited Euthemis. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 2 E. MI'NOR (Jack, 1. c.) leaves narrow-lanceolate, slightly serrulated ; stipulas linear, ciliated ; racemes undivided ; berry red, angular, acuminated. Tj . S. Gathered along with the preceding. Corolla white. Anthers yellow, ending in a long acumen. Smaller Euthemis. Shrub 2 feet. 3 E. ? ELEGANTI'SSIMA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. vol. 2. p. 305.) leaves elliptic-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, finely acuminated, sharply and minutely serrulated, the nerves reticu- lated, and uniting into 2 or more submarginal arches. Jj . S. Native of the forests of Singapore. Stipulas sublaciriiate, and deeply divided into filiform long teeth. Flowers not seen. Very-elegant-leaved Euthemis. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. Cult. This is a genus of elegant shrubs, none of which have yet been introduced to the gardens. A mixture of sand and loam will probably suit the species, and perhaps ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XXX. XEROPE'TALUM (from frpoe, xeros, dry, and irtraXov, petalon, a petal ; petals permanent.) Raf. Delil. in Guilliaud, voy. meroe. ex bull, scien. nat. June, 1827. p. 256. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, nerved, obovate, emarginate, rather oblique, and are as well as the calyx and stamens permanent. Stamens about 20, 5 of these are sterile. Capsule 3-valved, 3-celled. This is a very doubt- ful genus. 1 X. QUINQUESE'TCM (Raf. Delile, 1. c.) Jj ? G. Native of the north of Africa at Meroe. Flowers in panicled racemes, disposed in 2-4-radiated umbels. Five-bristled Xeropetalum. Shrub ? Cult. This plant will probably succeed well in a mixture of turfy loam and sand ; and cuttings will perhaps root in sand under a hand-glass. ORDER XXXV. EL^EOCA'RPE^ (plants agreeing with Eleeocdrpus in important characters.) Juss. am. mus. 1 1 . p. 223. D. C. prod. 1. p. 519. Calyx of 4-5 sepals, naked on the outside. Sepals valvate in the bud. Petals 4-5, hypogynous, alternating with the sepals, fringed or lobed at the top (f. 95. 6.). Receptacle glandular, somewhat exserted. Stamens 15-20 (f. 95. a.) ; filaments short, unconnected ; anthers elongated, filiform, tetragonal, 2-celled ; cells opening at the top by an oblong pore. Ovary (f. 95. c. d.), many-celled. Style 1 (f. 95. d.). Seeds 2 or many. in each cell. Albumen fleshy. Embryo erect, with flat leafy cotyle- dons. — Shrubs or trees, with alternate, simple, stipulate leaves. This order is very nearly allied to Tiliacece, but is distinguished from it by the lobed petals, and the anthers opening by 2 pores at the apex. Synopsis of the Genera. 1 ELJEOCA'RPUS. Sepals 5. Petals 5, jagged at the apex (f. 95. &.). Anthers ending in bristles. Drupe containing 1 -nu- cleus, which is furrowed and wrinkled, 5-celled (f. 95. 6.), or from abortion only 1 -celled. 2 ACERA'TIUM. Sepals 5. Petals 5, fringed at the apex, with broad ciliated claws. Anthers puberulous, destitute of the terminal bristles. Fruit unknown. 3 DI'CERA. Sepals 4-5. Petals 4-5, 3-lobed at the apex. Anthers 20-30, linear, each ending in 2 bristles. Capsule 2- celled ? cells many-seeded. 4 FRIE'SIA. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4, 3-lobed at the apex. Anthers 12, cordate, oblong, acuminated, bursting at the top. Berry dry, rather stipitate, indehiscent, 2-4-furrowed, 2-4- celled ; cells 2-seeded. 5 ACRONO'DIA. Flowers dioecious. Male flowers. Calyx of EL^EOCARPEJE. I. EL^OCARPUS. 559 FIG. 95. 4 sepals. Petals 4, linear, erose at the apex. Anthers 8-12, linear, puberulous, destitute of terminal bristles. Female flowers unknown. 6 VA'LLEA. Sepals 5. Petals 5, trifid, with 5 scales under • the claws, which adhere to the petals, and with a ring of glands around the torus. Anthers 30-40, mutic, bursting at the top. Capsule 3-4-valved, muricated, 4-5-celled; cells 2-seeded. 7 TRICUSPIDA'RIA. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, tricuspidate, with a ring of glands around the 10-angled torus. Anthers 15, mutic, opening at the apex. Capsule 3-valved, 3-celled, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds few. 8? DECA'DIA. Calyx 3-parted. Petals 10, obovate, serrat- ed. Stamens 10, seated on the base of the petals ; anthers roundish. Drupe containing a 5-celled nut. I. EL.3iOCA'RPUS (from eXata, elala, an olive, and Kapirot, karpos, a fruit ; the fruit is round, containing a nut furnished with rugosities, which has been compared to an olive.) Lin. gen. 665. D. C. prod. 1. p. 519. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-sepalled. Petals 5, jagged at the apex (f. 95. &.). Anthers ending in bristles. Drupe containing a rugged-furrowed, 5-celled nut, (f. 96. _/.) or only 1-celled from abortion. Trees with white, but not durable wood. Flowers small, usually fragrant ; the fruit is eatable, and the hard rugose stones are manufactured into necklaces set in gold. 1 E. SERRA'TUS (Lin. spec. 734.) leaves with glands in the axils of the veins beneath, elliptic-oblong, serrated, acuminated ; racemes ax- illary or lateral, drooping; fruit glo- bose ; nut wrinkled and furrowed. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies. — Burm. zeyl. 39. t. 40. Ga- nitrus sphae'rica, Gaert. fr. 2. p. 271. t. 139. f. 6. Flowers white, but purplish before opening, sweet- scented. Serrated-leaved Elaeocarpus. Fl. March to Oct. Clt. 1774. Tree 50 feet. 2 E. GANI'TRUS (Roxb. hort. Seng, p. 42.) leaves elliptic-lan- ceolate, repand-toothed, acumi- nated, younger ones pubescent ; racemes simple, lateral. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Ganitrus, Rumph. amb. 3. p. 162. t. 101. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Ganiter Elaeocarpus. Tree 40 feet. 3 E. PE'KIM-KA^RA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 519.) leaves ovate- lanceolate, serrated ; flowers racemose ; fruit ovate ; nut even. J?. S. Native of Malabar— Rheed. mal. 4. p. 51. t. 24. Racemes terminal. Flowers white, sweet-scented. This tree is called Perim-kara by the inhabitants of Malabar. Fruit eatable. Perim-kara Elaeocarpus. Tree 40 feet. 4 E. CYA'NEUS (Sims, hot. mag, t. 1737.) leaves oblong-lan- ceolate, serrated, netted with veins ; racemes axillary, close- flowered ; fruit somewhat globose ; nut almost even. Jj . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers white. Drupe blue. E. re- ticulatus, Smith in Rees' cycl. ex Ker. hot. reg. t. 657. E. cya- neus, Lois. herb. amat. t. 237. Blue-fruited Elaeocarpus. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1803. Tree 15 feet. 5 E. OBOVA'TUS ; leaves obovate-oblong, tapering to the base, obtuse at the apex, entire or serrated towards the apex ; racemes numerous, crowded-flowered. Tj . S. Native of New Holland. Flowers white, smaller than those of E. cyaneus. Obovate-leaved Elaeocarpus. Shrub. 6 E. STRI'CTUS (Lamb, herb.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, coria- ceous, tapering to the base, serrated, silky beneath ; racemes simple, axillary. Tj . S. Native of New Zealand. Flowers crowded, white. Straight Elaeocarpus. Tree 15 feet. 7 E. MONO'CERAS (Cav. icon. 6. p. 1. t. 501.) leaves lanceolate, cuneated at the base, serrated at the top ; racemes axillary. J? . S. Native of the island of Luzon, and at the town of Bannos. Ovary 2-celled ? Anthers furnished with 1 bristle at the apex. Flowers of a rusty-red colour. One-horned-anthered Elaeocarpus. Tree 20 feet. 8 E. RUGOSUS (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42.) leaves large, elliptic or obovately-oblong, acuminated, abrupt at the base, repandly- serrated ; anthers ending in 1 bristle each j petals 2-lobed, jagged; racemes simple, axillary, fy . S. Native of Chittagong. Flowers large, white. Anthers with beardless valves. Wrinkled-leaved Elaeocarpus. Tree 20 feet. 9 E. INTEGRIFOLIUS (Lam. diet. 2. p. 604.) leaves obovate- oblong, obtuse, quite entire ; racemes axillary, longer than the leaves ; flowers 4-cleft. Tj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Flowers white. Anthers beardless. Entire-leaved Elaeocarpus. Tree 20 feet. 10 E. OBLONGUS (Smith in Rees' cycl. no. 2.) leaves ovate- oblong, acute, quite entire; drupe ovate-oblong, 1 -seeded. Tj . S. Native of the Moluccas. Ganitrum oblongum, Rumph. amb. 3. p. 163. t. 102. Gaert. fruct. l.p. 202. t. 43. Racemes axillary. Flowers white. Fruit eatable. Oblong-leaved Elaeocarpus. Tree 40 feet. 11 E. INTEGE'RRIMUS (Lour. coch. 1. p. 412.) leaves lanceo- late, quite entire ; flowers axillary, crowded. J? . G. Native of Cochin-china. ^ Flowers sweet-scented, of a golden-colour. Drupe black, somewhat ovate. This plant is cultivated in China for the sweetness and beauty of its flowers. Very-entire-leaved Elaeocarpus. Tree 20 feet. 12 E. SYLVE'STRIS (Poir. suppl. 294.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrated ; spikes almost terminal ; glands of receptacle 2-lobed ; drupe 1-seeded. ^ • Gr. Native of Cochin-china in woods. Adenodus sylvestris, Lour. coch. 294. Branches spreading. Flowers white, varying to red. Wild Elseocarpus. Tree 20 feet. 13 E. NI'TIDUS (Mal. misc. 1. no. 2. p. 41.) leaves ovate-lan- ceolate, serrated ; racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves ; stamens 15 ; nut 5-celled, 4 of which are for the most part abor- tive. Tj . S. Native of Pulo-Pinang. Flowers white. Shining-leaved Elaeocarpus. Tree 20 feet. 14 E. ELLI'PTICUS (Smith in Rees' cycl. no. 3.) leaves smooth, glandless ; calyxes acute ; ovary globose, with 5 little scales at the base. ^ . S. Native of? Lin. mant. 2. p. 401. in a note. Flowers white ? Elliptic-leaved Elaeocarpus. Tree. 15 E. LANCEOLA'TUS (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 659 and 660.) leaves lanceolate, bluntish and remotely ser- rated at the top ; racemes axillary, longer than the leaves, nod- ding ; pedicels longer than the petioles ; drupe oval ; nut wrink- led, and covered with recurved prickles. T; . S. Native of Java. Flowers white. Zawceo/ate-leaved Elaeocarpus. Tree 20 feet. 16 E. OBTUSUS (Blum. 1. c.) leaves obovate-oblong, bluntish, mucronately-serrated above the base ; racemes axillary, and are as well as the petals silky ; pedicels longer than the petioles. Tj.S. Native of Java. Flowers white. Like E. monoceras. 560 EL^OCARPE^E. I. EL.EOCARPUS. II. ACERATIUM. III. DICERA. IV. FRIESIA. Obtuse-leaved Elaeocarpus. Tree 20 feet. 17 E. MACROPHY'LLUS (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oval-oblong, ob- tuse, rounded at the base ; repandly serrated ; stipulas semi-or- bicular, leafy ; racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves ; fruit oval, smooth, fj . S. Native of Java. Flowers white. Long-leaved Elaeocarpus. Tree 80 feet. 18 E. GLA'BER (Blum. .1. c.) leaves ovate or oval-oblong, obtuse, rounded at the base, mucronately serrated ; racemes axillary, nodding, exceeding the leaves in length ; petals fringed. ^ . S. Native of Java. Flowers white. Smooth Elasocarpus. Tree 20 feet. 1 9 E. RESINOSUS (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oval-oblong, acuminat- ed, bluntish at the base, obsoletely serrated, with glands at the origin of the veins beneath ; racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves ; petals fringed, villous on the inside. ^ . S. Native of Java. Flowers white. Resinous Elaeocarpus. Tree 50 feet. 20 E. ANGUSTIFOLIUS (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, serrulated above the base ; racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves ; fruit globose ; nut wrinkled, somewhat furrowed. >?.S. Native of Java. Flowers white. Narrow-leaved Elaeocarpus. Tree. 21 E. FIORIBU'NDUS (Blum. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acu- minated at the apex, acute at the base, bluntly-serrated, coria- ceous, very smooth ; racemes axillary, nodding, equal in length to the leaves ; petals fringed. Jj . S. Native of Java. Bundle-flowered Elaeocarpus. Tree. 22 E. LONGIFOLIUS (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acuminate, acute at the base, repandly mucronulate ; racemes shorter than the leaves, covered with silky down ; petals fringed. Tj . S. Native of Java. Flowers white. Long-leaved Elaeocarpus. Tree. 23 E. STIPULA'RIS (Blum. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acumi- nated, with the veins on the under surface pubescent ; stipulas ovate, deeply serrated ; racemes axillary, velvety-tomentose, equal in length to the leaves ; fruit oval. >2 . S. Native of Java. Flowers white. Large-stipuled Elaeocarpus. Tree 60 feet. 24 E. TOMENTOSUS (Blum. 1. c.) leaves ovate, acuminate, roundish at the base, with bristle-like teeth, velvety-tomentose beneath, as well as branches ; racemes axillary, elongated. Jj . S. Native of Java. Flowers white. Downy Elaeocarpus. Tree. 25 E. PUBE'SCENS (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42.) leaves oppo- site, oblong, pubescent, membranous, rather cordate at the base ; branches villous as well as the young leaves ; racemes com- pound ; sepals awl. shaped. T? . S. Native of the East Indies. Ovary villous, mucronate with the style. Flowers white, rather large. Pubescent Elaaocarpus. Tree. t Species only known by name from Roxburgh's Hortus Ben- galensis, p. 42 and 92, but some of these are probably identical with some of those described above, 26 E. aristatus, Roxb. Silhet. 27 E. serrulatus, Roxb. Tinnevilly. 28 E. robustus, Roxb. Silhet. 29 E. lucidus, Roxb. Chittagong. 30 E. lanceaefolius, Roxb. Silhet. 31 E. tuberculatus, Roxb. Chittagong. 32 E. pilosus, Roxb. Mas- cal Island. Cult. Elizocdrpus is a very curious and ornamental genus of trees. They will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and ripe cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass ; those of the stove species in heat. Seeds of some of the species will ripen, if pains be taken to fertilize the stigmas when they are in full bloom. The green-house species are well adapted for a conservatory. II. ACERA'TIUM (from a, priv. and xepat, keras, a horn; because the stamens are destitute of the terminal bristles, which are so conspicuous in the preceding and following genus). D. C. prod. 1. p. 519. LIN. SYST. Dodecdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5, jagged at the apex, with broad ciliated claws. Anthers downy, destitute of terminal bristles. Style 1. Fruit unknown. 1 A. OPPOSITIFOLIUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 519.). Tj . S. Na- tive of Amboyna. Leaves opposite, elliptic-oblong, rather pu-> bescent on the nerves, furnished with a few mucronated teeth. Peduncles terminal, 3-flowered. Flowers white ? Opposite-leaved Aceratium. Clt. 1818. Tree. Cult. This tree will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripe cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. III. DI'CERA (from ciec, dis, double, and wpac, keras, a horn ; in allusion to the anthers being terminated by 2 bristles). Forst. gen. t. 40. D. C. prod. 1. p. 520. LIN. SYST. Dodecdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 or 5 sepals. Petals 4-5, 3-lobed at the top. Anthers 12-20, linear, each terminated by 2 bristles. Capsules (in D. dentata, which is the type of the genus,) 2-celled ; cells many-seeded. Shrubs with laurel-like leaves. 1 D. DENTA'TA (Forst. gen. p. 80.) leaves alternate, oblong, serrate-toothed at the top ; racemes axillary ; flowers monogy- nous ; capsules of 2, many-seeded cells. \i . G. Native of New Zealand. Elaeocarpus dentatus, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 67. Eriostemon, Col. hort. rip. t. 30. Filaments of stamens hairy. Flowers white. A rambling shrub. Tooled-leaved Dicera. Fl. July. Clt. 1818. Shrub 10 ft. 2 D. ? SERRAVTA (Forst. gen. p. 80.) leaves opposite, ovate, doubly serrated ; racemes compound ; flowers tetragynous ; berry of 4, 2-seeded cells. J? . G. Native of New Zealand. Elaeocarpus Dicera, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 67. Flowers white ? Perhaps a distinct genus or a species of Friesia. Serrated-leaved Dicera. Shrub 10 feet. 3 D. CRASPE DUM (Gmel. syst. D. C. prod. 1. p. 520.) leaves oblong, crenated, ending in a reflexed point ; spike subterminal, crowded ; flowers'monogynous ; berry of one many-seeded cell. T? . S. Native of Cochin-china in woods. Craspedum tecto- rium, Lour. coch. 336. Elaeocarpus tectorium, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 104. Perhaps a distinct genus. Flowers greenish-yellow. The wood is used for building houses in Cochin-china, and the leaves for roofing them. Fringed-fiowered Dicera. Tree 50 feet. Cult. The species of Dicera thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and ripe cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass. IV. FRIE'SIA (in honour of Elias Fries, M. D. Professor of Botany in the university of Lund ; an acute philosophical and cryptogamic botanist). D. C. prod. 1. p. 520. LIN. SYST. Dodecdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4, 3-lobed at the apex. Anthers 12, cordate-oblong, acuminate, dehiscent at the apex. Berry dry, somewhat stipi- tate, indehiscent, 2-4-furrowed, 2-4-celled ; cells 2-seeded. 1 F. PEDUNCULA'RIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 520.). Tj . G. Na- tive at Cape Van Diemen. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, serrated ; pedicels axillary, spreading, 1-flowered, somewhat nodding. Elseocarpus peduncularis, Lab. nov. holl. 2. p. 15. t. 155. Flowers white. Peduncled-Qowered Friesia. Clt. 1818. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. EL.EOCARPEJE. V. ACRONODIA. VI. VALLEA. VII. TRICUSPIDARIA. VIII. DECADIA. CHLENACEJE. 561 Cull. This shrub will thrive well in a mixture of turfy loam and peat ; and ripe cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass. V. ACRONOVDI A (from vKpog, akros, the summit, and vuSoy, nodos, toothless ; alluding to the anthers being without bristles at the summit). Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 660. LIN. SYST. Diafcia, Octdndria. Male flowers ; sepals and petals 4, the last small and linear, erose at the apex. Anthers 8-12, linear, puberulous, destitute of terminal bristles. Female flowers unknown. 1 A. PUNCTA'TA (Blum. 1. c.). Tj . S. Native of Java. A tree with scattered, lanceolate, serrated leaves, which are full of dots beneath and axillary simple racemes of flowers. Dotted-leaved. Acronodia. Tree 30 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam and peat will suit this tree well, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. VI. VA'LLEA (in honour of Robert Valle of Rouen, who has given a commentary on the works of Pliny). Mut. in Lin. suppl.266. D. C. prod. 1. p. 520. LIN. SYST. Poly&ndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5, trifid. Glands of receptacle forming a ring around the ovary. Scales 5, adnate under the claws of the petals. Stamens 30-40 ; anthers mutic, bursting at the top. Style fur- rowed. Capsules 4-5-valved, 4-5-celled ; valves muricated, spreading ; cells 2-seeded. Small trees with kidney-shaped stipulas, and alternate, cordate, stalked, entire leaves. 1 V. STIPULAVRIS (Mut. in Lin. fil. suppl. 266.) branches, pedicels and petioles smooth ; leaves cordate, blunt, bearded at the origin of the veins beneath, as well as at their base ; stipulas on short stalks. Jj . S. Native of South America at Santa Fe de Bogota. H. B. and Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 350. t. 489. Flowers pale-red. Stipular Vallea. Tree 14 feet. 2 V. CORDIFOLIA (Ruiz et Pav. syst. fl. per. 132.) branches, pedicels, and petioles hairy ; leaves cordate, acute, hairy beneath, especially at the base ; stipulas on short stalks. ^ . S. Native of Peru in groves. Flowers white. Heart-leaved Vallea. Tree 18 feet. 3 V. PUBE'SCENS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 350.) branches, pedicels, and petioles clothed with rusty down ; leaves cordate, blunt, covered with rusty pubescence beneath ; stipulas sessile. Tj . S. Native of South America near Santa Fe de Bogota. Flowers white. Pubescent Vallea. Tree 20 feet. Cult. The species of Vallea will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and ripe cuttings will root in sand under a hand- glass, in a moderate heat. VII. TRICUSPIDA'RIA (from tres, three, and cuspis, a point ; in allusion to the petals being divided into 3 points at the apex). Ruiz et Pav. syst. fl. per. p. 112. prod. t. 36. B.C. prod. 1. p. 520. — Tricuspis, Pers. ench. 2. p. 9. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed. Pe- tals 5, tricuspidate at the apex. Glands of receptacle annular, 10-sided. Anthers 15, mutic, bursting at the apex. Capsules 3-celled, 3-valved ; valves septiferous. Seeds few. 1 T. DEPE'NDENS (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c.). ^ . G. Native of Chili in groves and inundated places. Leaves opposite, oblong- ovate, serrated. Pedicels axillary, solitary. Flowers white ? Depending Tricuspidaria. Tree 20 feet. Cult. See Vallea for cultivation and propagation. VIII. DECA'DI A (from Sexa, deca, ten ; the corolla is of VOL. I. PART VI. 1 0 petals, which distinguishes it from all the other genera of this order). Lour. coch. 1 . p. 385. D. C. prod. 1. p. 520. LIN. SYST. Polyundria, Monogynia. Calyx 3-parted, per- manent. Petals 10, somewhat ovate, a little serrated. Stamens 30, standing upon the base of the petals. Anthers roundish. Style filiform. Drupe containing a 5-celled nut. Perhaps the stamens are inserted in the calyx, if so this genus is probably referable to Rosucece. 1 D. ALUMiN6sA (Lour. p. 315.). Tj . G. Native of Cochin- china and the Molucca Islands in woods. — Rumpli. amb. 2. t. 1 00. Leaves alternate, lanceolate, serrated, smooth. Racemes almost simple. Flowers white. The bark and leaves of this tree are used by native dyers to heighten and fix colours. Alum Decadia. Tree 20 feet. Cult, This tree will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat ; and ripe cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass. ORDER XXXVI. CHLENA'CE.E (from xXatva, chlaina, a cloak. The flowers of most of the plants belonging to this order are furnished with an involucrum). Pet. Th. hist. veg. afr. austr. p. 49. D. C.prod. 1. p. 521. Involucre 1 (f. 96. 6.) to 2-flowered, permanent, various in form and consistence (f. 96. _/.). Calyx of 3 small sepals (f. 96. a.). Petals 5 (f. 96. 6.) to 6, hypogynous, broadest at the base, sometimes they are connected at the very bottom. Stamens usually numerous (f. 96. c.), but sometimes there are even as few as 1 0 ; filaments connected at the base into a tube, or adnate to the tube of the petals ; anthers roundish. 2-celled, adnate or free. Ovary 1 (f. 96. g.\ 3-celled. Style 1, filiform, crowned by a triple stigma (f. 96. d.). Capsule 3-celled or only 1-celled from abortion. Seeds solitary or numerous in each cell, fixed to the central axis, inverted. Albumen fleshy (ex Juss.) cor- neous (ex Pet. Th.). Embryo central, green. Cotyledons leafy, waved. Little trees and shrubs, natives of Madagas- car, with alternate, feather-nerved, entire leaves; deciduous stipulas ; and racemose andpanicled flowers. This order is allied to Malvaceae, according to Petit Thouars, in the flowers being furnished with an involucre, as well as in the stamens being mo- nadelphous, but according to the opinion of Jussieu it is more nearly allied to Ebenacece and Simplocinece, on account of the petals being connected at the base, as well as in the seeds being albuminous. Synopsis of the genera. 1 SARCOLJE NA. Involucrum fleshy, urceolate, 5-toothed, with a calyx within it. Petals 5, conniving into a tube, with the stamens inserted in its base. Capsule baccate, 3-celled, cells 2-seeded, furnished with prurient villi on the inside. 2 LEPTOL* NA. Involucrum rather fleshy, cylindrical, small. Sepals 3, longer than the involucrum. Petals 5, conniving into a tube. Stamens 10. Ovary 3-celled ; cells 2-seeded, but the capsule is 1-celled, 1 -seeded from abortion. 3 ScmzoLfi'NA. Involucrum 2-flowered, not fleshy, fringed (f. 96./.). Sepals 3 (f. 96. a.). Petals 5 (f. 96. 6.). Stamens numerous (f. 96. c.). Capsule 3-celled; cells many-seeded. 4 RHODOL^NA. Involucrum of 2 bracteas, which are pressed 4C 562 CHLENACEJE. I. SARCOUENA. II. LEPTOLJENA. III. SCHIZOL.KNA. IV. RHODOL.ENA. V. HUGONIA. to the calyx. Sepals 3, concave, fleshy. Petals 6, urceolate. Stamens numerous, connected at the base. Ovary 3-celled, many-seeded. f A genus allied to Chlenacece. 5 HUGONIA. Involucrum none. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, unguiculate. Stamens 10, monadelphous at the base. Styles 5, distinct. Drupe containing 5, 1-seeded carpels adhering together. I. SARCOLjENA (from aapZ, aapKos, sarx sarcos, flesh, and yXaiva, chlaina, a cloak ; alluding to the fleshy involucre). Pet. Thour. 1. c. p. 37. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polyandria. Involucre fleshy, pitcher-shaped, 5-toothed, and covered with rusty down. Calyx within the involucre. Petals 5, conniving into a tube at the base. Stamens numerous, inserted in the base of the tube. Anthers terminal. Ovary 3-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Capsule within the large baccate involucrum, which is furnished with stinging hairs inside. Albumen thin. Shrubs with decumbent branches ; younger leaves plaited ; adult ones waved, appearing as if they were 5-nerved. Flowers white. 1 S. GRANDIFLORA (P. Th. 1. c. p. 40. t. 9.) panicle few- flowered ; leaves acute, clothed with rusty down beneath ; in- volucre depressed, scabrous from hairs. Tj . S. Native of Ma- dagascar. Flowers large. Great-flowered Sarcolsena. Shrub 10 feet. 2 S. MULTIFLORA (P. Th. 1. c. p. 40. t. 10.) panicle crowded ; leaves acute, rather pilose on the nerves beneath ; involucre rough from hairs, 3-lobed. Tj . S. Native of Madagascar. Many-flowered, Sarcotena. Shrub 10 feet. 3 S. ERIO'PHORA (P." Th. 1. c. p. 40.) panicle few-flowered, axillary ; leaves blunt, free from longitudinal plaits ; involucre very hairy. Tj . S. Native of Madagascar. Wool-bearing Sarcolaena. Shrub 10 feet. Cult. Sarcolcena is a genus of elegant shrubs ; the species will thrive well in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat ; and cuttings will probably root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. P. II. LEPTOLJi'NA (from \CTTTOC, leptos, slender, and chlaina, a cloak ; in allusion to the narrow fleshy involucre). Th. hist. veg. afr. austr. p. 41. D. C. prod. 1. p. 521. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Decdndria. Involucre small, rather fleshy, cylindrical. Sepals 3. longer than the involucre. Petals 5, connected into a tube. Stamens 10. Anthers fixed by the back. Ovary 3-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Capsule girded by the scabrous involucre, 1 -celled, 1-seeded from abortion. An elegant tree, with smooth, waved leaves, and corymbose flowers. 1 L. MULTIFLORA (P. Th. 1. c. p. 41. t. 11,). Tj . S. Native of Madagascar at Foulepointe. Flowers white. Many-flowered Leptolaena. Tree 20 feet. Cult. See Sarcolce'na for cultivation and propagation. III. SCHIZOL/EVNA (from >, schizo, to cut, and X^aiva, chlaina, a cloak; alluding to the cut involucre (f. 96. g.). P. Th. hist. veg. afr. austr. p. 43. gen. nov. no. 55. D. C. prod. l.p. 521. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polyandria. Involucre 2-flower- ed (f. 96. 6.), fringed, not fleshy, at length expanded, jagged (f. 96. /.), clammy, conniving. Sepals 3 (f. 96. a.). Petals 5 (f. 96. &.). Stamens numerous, with slender filaments (f. 96. e.) and adnate anthers. Capsule enclosed within the involucre (f. 96. g.), 3-celled ; cells many-seeded. Elegant little trees, with ovate smooth leaves, and panicles or racemes of flowers. 1 S. ROSEA (P. Th. 1. c. p. 43. t. 12.) panicles terminal ; in- volucre very large, irregularly FIG. 96. cleft. Tj . S. Native of Mada- gascar. Flowers red (f. 96.). ,/fose-coloured- flowered Schizo- laena. Tree 20 feet. 2 S. ELONGA TA (Pet. Th. 1. c. p. 44.) panicles terminal ; invo- lucre 5-lobed, a little longer than the capsule. Jj . S. Native of Madagascar. Flowers white. Elongated-invo\ucre(li Schizolae- na. Tree 20 feet. 3 S. CAULIFLORA (P. Til. 1. C. p. 44.) flowers racemose ; racemes rising from the trunk or larger branches. Tj . S. Native of Ma- dagascar. Stem-flowered Schizolaena. Tree 20 feet. Cult. Schizola'na is a genus of elegant little trees. The species will thrive well in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat ; and cuttings will root in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat. IV. RHODOL&'NA (from poSoe, rhodos, a rose, and chlaina,] a cloak ; flowers are red). Pet. Th. hist. veg. afr. austr. p! 47. gen. nov. no. 56. D. C. prod. 1. p. 522. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polyandria. Involucre constantly of 2 bracteas, which are pressed to the calyx. Sepals 3, con- cave, fleshy, clammy. Petals 6, large, urceolate, spirally twisted in the bud. Stamens numerous, shorter than the petals, joined at the base into a short urceolus ; anthers quadrangular, inserted by the back. Ovary 3-celled, many-seeded. A climbing shrub with oval, acute leaves, which are pointed by the middle nerve being drawn out ; 2-flowered, naked, axillary peduncles, and large scarlet flowers. 1 R. ALTIVOLA (P. Th. 1. c. p. 48. t. 13.). ^ . ^. S. Native of Madagascar. Fruit unknown. Soaring Rhodolaena. Shrub climbing. Cult. This is a beautiful climbing shrub with large scarlet flowers, well adapted for covering rafters in stoves. It will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. •(• A genus allied to Chlendceee. V. HUGO'NIA (in honour of John Hugon, an English bo- tanist, who published a dissertation on the systems of botany in 1771). Lin. gen. no. 831. Gsert. fruct. 1. p. 281. t. 58. D. C. prod. 1. p. 522. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Decdndria. Calyx naked, per- manent, 5-parted, or of 5 unequal sepals, which are connected at the base, imbricate in the bud. Petals 5, unguiculate, al- ternating with the sepals, twisted in aestivation. Stamens 10, joined into an urceolus at the base at first, but afterwards be- coming free and filiform ; anthers ovate, twin. Ovary round- ish. Styles 5, distinct. Drupe fleshy, enclosing (5 ex Cav. 10 ex Gsert.) 1-seeded carpels, adhering together, with a pendu- lous seed in each cell. Embryo inverted in the axis of a fleshy albumen, with a short superior radicle and flat leafy cotyledons. Shrubs with alternate leaves, but they are usually crowded and opposite near the flower ; 2 awl-shaped stipulas and 1 -flowered axillary peduncles, sometimes some of which are changed into hooked spines. This genus is allied to Malvacca; or Bytlne- riacece, but the calyx is not valvate but imbricate. 1 H. MY'STAX (Lin. spec. 944.) leaves oval, smooth, very 1 CHLENACE.E. V. HUGONIA. TERNSTRGEMIACE^. 563 entire ; spines hooked, almost opposite. Tj . S. Native of Ceylon and Malabar. — Rheed, mal. 2. p. 29. t. 19. Flowers yellow. Fruit yellowish or red. Bearded Hugonia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1818. Sh. 10 ft. 2 H. SERRA'TA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 149.) leaves oval-oblong, serrated, adult ones smooth ; spines almost opposite, hooked. l/l . S. Native of the Mauritius. H. Mystax, Cav. diss. 3. p. 177. t. 73. f. 1. exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers yellowish. Serrate-leaved. Hugonia. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1820. Sh. 10 ft. 3 H. TOMENTOSA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 178. t. 23. f. 2.) leaves oblong, serrated, downy on both surfaces ; spines wanting. ^ .S. Native of the Mauritius. Lam. diet. 3. p. 150. Flowers yellowish or white. Dorony-leaved Hugonia. Shrub 10 feet. Cult. The species of Hugonia will thrive well in a mixture of loam, sand and peat ; and ripened cuttings will root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. ORDER XXXVII. TERNSTRCEMIA'CEJE (plants agreeing with Ternstrce'mia in important characters.) D. C. mem. soc. h. nat. gen. vol. 1. prod. 1. p. 523. — Ternstrce'mia, Mirb. bull, philom. 1813. p. 381. Calyx of 3-5, unequal, concave (f. 97. a.), coriaceous, obtuse, permanent, imbricate sepals (f. 99. a.), usually furnished with 2 bracteoles at the base. Petals usually 5 (f. 97. d. f. 99. &.), rarely more or fewer, inserted on the disk, sometimes free (f. 97. rf.), sometimes connected at the base (f. 99. 6.). Stamens numerous, hypogynous (f. 99. d. f. 98. c. &c.), somewhat adnate to the petals at the base, free, or connate, rarely disposed in bundles (f. 99. d.) ; filaments short, awl-shaped ; anthers erect, 2-4-celled, adnate or versatile. Ovary ovate (f. 98. d. f. 99. c.). Styles 2-7, free, or more or less joined together (f. 99. /.). Fruit ovate-globose, radiately divided on the inside into as many cells as there are styles or stigmas (f. 97. g. f. 98. e. f. 99. c.), sometimes dry-baccate (f. 97. g. f. 98. d. e.\ indehiscent, some- times capsular, dehiscent (f. 99. c.). Seeds few or numerous, fixed to the central placenta (f. 97. g. f. 98. e.~), sometimes arched (f. 97. h.), sometimes roundish or compressed. Albumen fleshy or wanting. Embryo arched or straight, slender, terete, with oblong cotyledons, and an inconspicuous plumule, with a long radicle, which is turned towards the hylum. The order is com- posed of trees and shrubs, with alternate, exstipulate, coriaceous, feather-nerved, undivided leaves, and axillary and terminal pe- duncles, bearing handsome, white, yellow, red, purple, and varie- gated flowers. Camellia and the cuts we have given will convey a very good idea of the beauty of the genera. The tea is well known to be one of the most useful plants in the world for its stimulating influence in decoction upon the nerves, which is attributed by Cullen to the presence of a narcotic principle. The seeds of Camellia oleifera, and some others, yield a fine oil. Noronha states that the fruit of a Saurauja, found in Java, is subacid, in flavour resembling the Tomato, and that it is eaten by the Javanese under the name of Koleho. Synopsis of the Genera. TRIBE I. TERNSTRCEMiE\iE. Calyx with 2 bracteas at the base. Petals connected together at the base, opposite the sepals. Anthers ad- nate. Style crowned by a simple stigma. Albumen fleshy. 1 TERNSTRCE'MIA. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens numerous, in a double series. Anthers oblong, smooth. Berry dry, 2-5- celled, at length 3-5-valved ; cells 3-4-seeded. Seeds wingless. TRIBE II. EURYE\E. Calyx furnished with 2 bracteas at the base, of 5 sepals or 5 lobes. Corolla 5-parled, opposite the sepals. An- thers adnate. Style crowned by 3-5 distinct stigmas. 2 ANNESLE'A. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla contracted at the throat, 5-cleft. Stamens numerous, disposed in a double series. Anthers linear, smooth, ending in a long point. Berry dry, 3-celled ; cells 1-3-seeded. Style crowned by 3 awl-shaped stigmas. 3 GEE'RIA. Flowers dioecious. Calyx of 5-sepals. Corolla 5-parted. Stamens numerous, adnate to the base of the corolla. Styles 3-5, connected at -the base, crowned by as many acute stigmas. Berry 5-celled, many-seeded. 4 EU'RYA. Flowers polygamous. Sepals and petals 5, both concrete at the base. Stamens 12-15. Anthers smooth, tetra- gonal. Style 3-5-cleft. Capsule 3-5-celled, many-seeded. TRIBE III. FREZIE'RE^:. Calyx furnished with 2 bracteas at the base. Petals free, alternating with the sepals. Anthers adnate. Style crowned by 2-5 distinct stigmas. Seeds wingless. Albumen fleshy. Embryo rather curved. 5 CLEYE'RA. Sepals and petals 5. Anthers hispid from re- trograde bristles. Style filiform, crowned by 2-3 stigmas. Berry 2-3-celled ; cells 2-3-seeded. 6 FREZIE'RA. Sepals and petals 5. Anthers smooth, sub- cordate. Style 3-5-cleft at the apex. Fruit dry, 3-5-celled. 7 LETTSOMIA. Sepals 7. Petals 5-6, inner petals narrowest. Style short, crowned by 3-5 stigmas. Berry 3-5-celled. TRIBE IV. SAURAU'JEJE. Calyx deeply 5-parted, furnished with '2-3 bracteas. Petals alternating with the sepals, more or less con- nected together at the base. Stamens numerous, adhering to the base of the corolla. Anthers incumbent, inserted by the back, not adnate. Styles 3-5, distinct from the ovary. Seeds wingless. Albumen fleshy. 8 SAURAU'JA. Petals 5, joined together to the middle. Styles 3-5. Capsule 3-5-celled, 3-5-valved ; cells many-seeded. An- thers bursting by 2 pores at the apex. 9 APATE'HA. Petals 5, joined together at the base. Stamens numerous, disposed in 5 bundles. Anthers bursting by 2 pores at the top. Styles 5. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved, many-seeded. TRIBE V. LAPLA'CE^E. Calyx bractless, of 3-5 sepals, sometimes 5- parted. Petals usually 5, distinct. Stamens numerous, free, or connected at the base. Anthers adnate or versatile. Styles equal in number to the cells of the ovary, joined in 1, crowned by 4c 2 564 TERNSTRCEMIACEjE. I. TERNSTRCEMIA. many-stigmas. Fruit 3-5-celled. Albumen fleshy or wanting. Seeds compressed or winged, rarely cochleale. 10 COCHJLOSPE'RMUM. Calyx of 5 unequal sepals (f. 97. a.). Petals 5, emarginate at the apex (f. 97. d.). Filaments free. Anthers acuminated, 4-sided, opening by one pore. Style simple. Capsule globose, 3-5-celled. Seeds numerous, cochleate, woolly (f. 97. h. g.). Albumen fleshy. 11 LAPLA'CEA. Calyx of 4-5 sepals. Petals 5-9, equal. Sta- mens in 3 series, adnate to the base of the petals. Anthers kid- ney-shaped, 2-celled. Capsule 5-7-celled, 5-7-valved, woody ; cells 3-seeded. Seeds winged, hanging from the central axis. 12 BONNE'TIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Anthers 2- celled. Style trifid at the apex. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved ; valves bent in at the edges so much as to constitute dissepi- ments. Seeds linear, winged at both ends. 13 MAHU REA. Calyx 5-sepalled. Petals 5. Anthers ad- nate. Style crowned by a 3-5-lobed stigma. Capsule 3-celled, 3- valved ; valves bent in so much at the margins as to constitute dissepiments. Seeds minute, compressed, winged at both ends. 14 MARI'LA. Calyx of 4, rarely of 5 sepals. Petals 4-5. Stamens numerous, joined at the base ; anthers adnate. Style crowned by a capitate 3-4-lobed stigma. Capsule 3-4-valved, 3-4-celled, with the margins of the valves bent inwards so as to form dissepiments, which are fixed to the central placenta. Seeds numerous, girded by a yellow fringe. 15 VENTENA'TIA. Calyx 3-sepalled (f. 98. a.), deciduous. Petals 11-12 (f. 98. 6.). Anthers adnate, 2-celled (f. 98. c.). Capsule 5-celled (f. 98. e.) ; cells many-seeded. 16 CARAIPA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, inferior. Anthers fixed by the back. Style crowned by a 3-lobed stigma. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved. Seeds sub-solitary, compressed, inserted in the large, trigonal, 3-winged, central placenta, 17 KIELMIE'RA. Calyx 5-parted, unequal. Petals 5. An- thers oblong, 2-celled, fixed by the back. Style crowned by 3 stigmas. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved; valves bent in at the margins so much as to constitute dissepiments. Seeds girded by a membranous margin, extended at both ends. 18 ARCHITS'A. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens connate into 5 bundles at the base. Anthers 2-celled. Style simple. Capsule 5-celled, incompletely 5-valved. Seeds linear, rather winged. 19 GODOYA. Calyx of many deciduous sepals. Petals 5. Stamens numerous, disposed in many rows, or collected into 5 bundles. Anthers long, biporose. Style simple. Capsule 3- 5-valved, 3-5-celled, with the edges of the valves bent inwards, forming the dissepiments, many-seeded ; seeds winged. TRIBE VI. GORDONIE'JE. Sepals 5, free, or joined together at the base. Petals usually connected at the base. Stamens numerous, mona- delphous at the base. Anthers ovate, oscillatory. Styles 5, distinct or connected. Carpels 5, capsular, few or many- seeded, sometimes distinct, sometimes connected into a single fruit, with a dissepiment in the middle. Albumen wanting. Embryo straight, with an oblong radicle, and leafy cotyledons, which are wrinkled and plaited lengthwise, with an inconspicuous plumule. 20 MALACHODE'NDRON. Calyx 5-cleft, furnished with 2 brae- teas. Petals 5, crenulated. Ovary 5-furrowed. Styles 5, free. Stigmas capitate. Carpels 5, capsular, connected, 1-2-seeded. 21 STUA'RTIA. Sepals 5, connected almost to the middle, bi- bracteate. Petals 5. Style crowned by a 5-lobed stigma. Capsule woody, 5-celled, 5-valved; cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds wingless. 22 GORDONIA. Sepals 5, coriaceous (f. 99. a.). Petals 5, adhering to the tube of the stamens, and connected together at the base (f. 99. d.). Style crowned by 5 stigmas (f. 99./.). Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved (f. 99. c.) ; cells 2-5-seeded. Seeds ending in a leafy wing. 23 BLU'MEA. Calyx 5-parted, unequal. Petals 5, obovate, free. Anthers almost sessile, disposed in a ring around the style, which is 5-cleft at the apex. Capsule 5-celled ; cells many-seeded. 24 SCHIMA. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, connected together at the base, and adnate to the urceolus of the stamens, unequal, one of them is cucullate. Style crowned by a 3-lobed stigma. Cap- sule globose, 5-celled ; valves with a dissepiment in the middle ; cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds ending in a wing. 25 POLY'SPOUA. Calyx girded by some deciduous accessary bracteas. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens monadelphous at the base. Style crowded by 5 stigmas. Capsule conical, 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds numerous, imbricate, ending in a wing. • TRIBE VII. CAMELLIE\E. Sepals 5-9. Petals 5-7-9, usually cohering at the base. Stamens numerous, monadelphous, or polyadelphous at the base. Anthers versatile, 2-celled. Styles 8-5, connected at the base. Fruit 3-celled, S-valved, fen-seeded; valves with a dissepiment in the middle, or bent in at the margins so much as to form dissepiments. Albumen wanting. 26 CAMELLIA. Calyx girded by some accessary bracteas or sepals. Stamens polyadelphous, or monadelphous at the base. Valves of capsule bearing a dissepiment in the middle of each ; central axis triquetrous. 27 THEVA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5-9, in 2-3 series. Stamens adhering to the base of the petals. Style 3-cleft. Capsule 3-lobed, 3-seeded ; dissepiments formed from the in- flexed margins of the valves. Tribe I. TERNSTRCEMIEV^E (plants agreeing with Ternstrcemia in important characters.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 523. Calyx with 2 bracteas at the base. Sepals connected together at the base, and opposite the petals. Anthers adnate. Style 1. Stigma simple. Albumen fleshy. I. TERNSTRCE'MIA (Ternstrcem, a Swedish naturalist and traveller in China, who died at Palicandre in 1745.) Lin. fil. suppl. 39. D. C. prod. 1. p. 523. — Tonabea, Juss. Toana- beo, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 569. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia, Calyx of 5 unequal sepals, furnished with 2 bracteas at the base. Petals 5, con- nected at the base into a monopetalous corolla. Stamens inde- TERNSTRCEMIACE^E. I. TERNSTRCSMIA. II. ANNESLEA. 565 finite, inserted in the receptacle, and adhering to the base of the corolla. Anthers oblong, smooth, fixed by the base, commonly bursting lengthwise on the inside. Style simple. Stigma sim- ple. Fruit coriaceous or fleshy, crowned by the permanent style, 2-5-celled ; cells 3-4-seeded in T. Brasiliensis, opening irregularly in 3-5-valves, with the valves seminiferous. Seeds oblong. Pedicels axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered, furnished with a scale at the base, and with 2 bracteas just under the flower. Hilum situated at the top of the seed. Albumen fleshy. Embryo curved, with a long cylindrical radicle, and linear- entire cotyledons, pointing towards the umbilicus. — Trees or shrubs, with scattered coriaceous, entire or serrated leaves, with the petioles jointed at the base. Flowers axillary, soli- tary.— Species almost all American. 1 T. BRE'VIPES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 523.) leaves quite entire, obovate, somewhat emarginate ; pedicels axillary, hardly longer than the flower. Tj . S. Native of South America. Flowers small, red. Coll. hort. rip. t. 38. iSTiori-peduncled Ternstrcemia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. 2 T. PEDUNCULA'RIS (D. C. L c. and prod. 1. p. 523.) leaves quite entire, ovate-oblong, obtuse ; pedicels lateral, thrice as long as the flower. Jj . S. Native of the West Indies. T. rneridio- nalis, Swartz, obs. 207. Flowers small, white. Pedunculated-fiov/ered Ternstrcemia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Tree. 3 T. LINEA'TA (D. C. 1. c. and prod. 1. p. 523.) leaves quite entire, oblong, rather acute ; pedicels lateral, drooping, scarcely longer than the flower. 17 . S. Native of Mexico. T. meri- dionalis, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers white. Lined-petalled Ternstrcemia. Shrub 6 feet. 4 T. SYLVA'TICA (Cham, et Schlecht. Linnrea. 4. p. 221.) branches smooth ; leaves lanceolate, obtusely acuminated ; brac- teas ovate, acute, under the calyx ; petals not lined ; anthers apiculate. Tj . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers white. Wood Ternstrcemia. Shrub. 5 T. ELLI'PTICA (Swartz, prod. p. 81.) leaves quite entire, elliptical, acute ; pedicels lateral, twice as long as the petioles. Tj . S. Native of the West Indies. Flowers white. Elliptic-leaved Ternstrcemia. Shrub. 6 T. BRASILIE'NSIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 298. t. 59.) leaves lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate, obtuse, or with a very short acumen, serrulated ; leaflets of calyx roundish, denticulated ; seeds spotted with red. fy . S. Native of Brazil in the pro- vince of Minas Geraes. Flowers white. Petals shorter than the calyx, with erose margins. Fruit 2-5-celled. Far, minor (St. Hil, 1. c.) leaves much smaller ; flowers smaller ; segments of corolla smaller. In the province of St. Paul. Brasilian Ternstrcemia. Fl. March. Tree 15 feet. 7 T. CARNOSA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 299.) leaves obovate, or obovate-lanceolate, nearly entire, rather scabrous above ; leaflets of calyx unequal, roundish, quite entire ; seeds smooth, white. T? . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. This species comes near to T. meridionalis of Mutis. Fruit 2-celled. Fleshy-leaved Ternstrcemia. Shrub 10 feet. 8 T. MERIDIONA'LIS (Mutis, Swartz, prod. p. 81.) leaves ob- ovate, lanceolate, entire, shiny on both surfaces ; leaflets of calyx unequal, denticulated ; fruit 2-celled. Tj . S. Native of South America. Flowers white. Meridional Ternstrcemia. Shrub 10 feet. 9 T. PUNCTA'TA (Swartz, prod. p. 81.) leaves entire, oblong, somewhat emarginate, denticulated, dotted on the margin ; pe- dicels axillary, much longer than the petioles. Tj . S. Native of Guiana in woods. Taonabo punctata, Aubl. guian. l.p. 571. t. 228. Flowers yellowish. Fruit 5-6-celled. Z>otted-leavedTernstrcemia. Fl.Ju.Aug. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 ft. 10 T. CLUSI^FOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 207. t. 463. f. 1.) leaves oblong, obtuse, quite entire, covered with small black dots beneath ; pedicels axillary, a little longer than the petioles. ^ . S. Native of South America on the mountains about Popayan. Flowers white. Clusia-leaved Ternstrcemia. Tree 30 feet. 11 T. DENTA'TA (Swartz, prod. 81. but not of Mirb.) leaves serrate-toothed, oval-oblong, or oboval, acuminate ; pedicels axillary and lateral, a little longer than the petioles ; outer leaflets of calyx ovate-lanceolate, acute. ^ , S. Native of Guiana in woods. Toanabo dentata, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 569. t. 227. Flowers yellowish. Toothed-leaved Ternstrcemia. Tree 28 feet. 12 T. sALicirbnA (D. C. mem. 1. c. and prod. 1. p. 524.) leaves serrulated, oblong, acuminated, almost veinless ; pedicels 2-3, axillary, a little shorter than the petioles. Jj . S. Native of Guadaloupe in woods. Flowers yellowish. JVillorv-leaved Ternstrcemia. Tree 20 feet. 13 T. VENOSA (Spreng. new. entd. 1. p. 162.) leaves serru- lately oblong, veiny ; pedicels aggregate, axillary, a little shorter than the petioles. Jj . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers white. Fe/ny-leaved Ternstrcemia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. -1824. Shrub 6 feet. 14 T. ? QUINSUEPARTITA (Ruiz, et Pav. syst. 180.) leaves obsoletely-serrulated, obovate ; corolla 5-parted. J? . S. Native of cold parts of the Andes of Peru in woods. Stamens dis- posed in 5 bundles. This is perhaps a distinct genus. Five-parted-fiowered Ternstrccmia. Tree 20 feet. 15 T. ? GLOBIFLORA (Ruiz et Pav. syst. 180.) leaves quite entire, oblong ; corolla globose, 5-toothed. Tj . S. Native of cold parts of the Andes of Peru in woods. Stamens disposed in 5 bundles. Flowers white. This species, with the preceding, will probably form a distinct genus. Globe-fiorvered Ternstrcemia. Tree 12 feet. 16 T. RUBIGINOSA (Jack, mal. misc. 1. no. 2. p. 39.) leaves ovate, spiny-serrated, hoary beneath ; stamens monadelphous ; flowers lateral and axillary, in bundles ; peduncles and calyxes covered with glandular hairs ; fruit 3-celled. Tj . S. Native of Sumatra. Cleyera rubiginosa, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 596. Rusty Ternstrcemia. Tree 16 feet. 17 T. PENTAPE'TALA (Jack, mal. misc. 1. no. 2. p. 40.) leaves obovately-lanceolate, spiny-toothletted, smooth ; flowers lateral, in bundles ; peduncles smooth ; fruit 3-celled. Tj . S. Native of Pulo-Pinang. Cleyera pentapetala, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 596. Five-petalled Ternstrcemia. Tree 20 feet. 18 T. ? CORYMBOSA (Smith in Rees' cycl. 35.) leaves opposite, elliptic, acuminated, entire ; panicles terminal, forked, corym- bose, many-flowered ; calyx bractless. fj.S. Native of Guiana, Flowers white. Corymbose-fiowered Ternstrcemia. Tree. Cult. All the species of this genus will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. Tribe II. EURYE^^E (plants agreeing with Eurya in the corolla being monapetalous, and the style being cleft at the apex). Calyx furnished with 2 bracteas at the base, of 5 sepals or 5 lobes. Corolla 5-parted. Anthers adnate. Styles crowned by 3-5 distinct stigmas. II. ANNESLE'A (in honour of George Annesley, Lord Mountnorris, F. R. and L. S., who collected many plants on his travels in the north of Africa and the south of Europe, while Viscount Valentia.) Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 5. t. 5. 566 TERNSTRCEMIACEJi. II. ANNESLEA. III. GEERIA. IV. EURYA. V. CLEYERA. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Monogywa. Calyx bibracteolate at the base, profoundly divided into 5 nearly equal lobes, imbri- cate in aestivation. Corolla monopetalous, 5-cleft, contracted at the throat, with the segments opposite the calycine lobes. Sta- mens numerous, distinct, erect, inclosed, disposed in a double series on the receptacle. Anthers linear, smooth, adnate, end- ing in a long point. Style 1, cylindrical, crowned by 3 awl- shaped stigmas. Berry dry, globose, crowned by the calycine lobes, 3-celled; cells 1-3-seeded. Seeds red, hanging from the top of the central placenta, arillate. Embryo replicate, cylindrical, inverted. — A tree with exstipulate, entire, scat- tered leaves, and axillary, fragrant, ventricose, yellowish-white flowers on long peduncles. This genus approaches Cleyera, from which it differs in the linear, smooth anthers, while in Cley- era they are hispid. 1 A. FRAGRANS (Wall. 1. c.) Jj . S. Native of the East Indies in woods near Moalmeyn, in Martabania. Leaves oblong- lanceolate, obtuse, shining above, pale beneath. Peduncles long, axillary. Fragrant Anneslea. Fl. Jan. Tree 30 feet. Cult. A mixture of turfy loam and peat will suit this tree, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. III. GEE'RIA (Geer, the name of some botanist known to Blume ?) Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 660. LIN. SYST. Dice cia, Poly&ndria. Flowers dioecious. Calyx of 5 sepals, furnished with 2 bracteas at the base. Corolla 5- parted, with rounded segments. Male flowers with numerous stamens, adhering to the base of the corolla, and with a sterile ovary. Female flowers with a globose ovary, and 3-5 styles, which are connected at the base, crowned by as many acute stigmas. Berry 5-celled, many-seeded. Seeds in 2 series, fixed to the top of the central axis. Albumen somewhat cartilaginous. Cotyledons flat-convex. This genus comes near to Eurya, but differs in the flowers being dioecious, not polygamous. — Trees or shrubs, with alternate, serrated, exstipulate leaves, and axillary 1 -flowered peduncles. 1 G. SERRA'TA (Blum. 1. c.) ultimate branches tomentose ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, puberulous beneath ; flowers crowded, axillary ; female ones pentagynous. Tj . S. Native of Java. Var. |3, sericea (Blum. 1. c. p. 661.) ultimate branches silky ; leaves puberulous on the nerves beneath. Tj . S. Native of Java. Serrated-leaved Geeria. Tree. 2 G. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves narrow-lanceolate, acuminated, serrated, silky beneath, as well as the ultimate branchlets ; female flowers tri-pentagynous. J? . S. Native of Java. Narrow-leaved Geeria. Tree. 3 G. GLA'BRA (Blum. 1. c.) branches smooth ; leaves oblong- lanceolate, acuminated, smooth ; flowers crowded, axillary. tj . S. Native of Java. Smooth Geeria. Tree. 4 G. OBOVATA (Blum. 1. c.) branches smooth; leaves ob- ovate, entire at the base, retuse, and obtusely serrated at the apex, smooth ; flowers few, axillary. >j . S. Native of Java. Obovate-leaved Geeria. Tree. Cult. The species will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. IV. ELTRYA (from mpi/c, eurys, large; flowers large.) Thunb. fl. jap. p. 11. Browne, pi. chin. diss. p. 7. D. C. prod. 1. p. 525. ^ LIN. SYST. Polygdmia, Moncecia. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, roundish, somewhat connected at the base. Stamens 12-15, in one series. Anthers smooth, tetra- gonal. Style 3-5-cleft at the apex. Berry 3-celled, many- seeded. Seeds reticulated. — Asiatic evergreen shrubs, with axillary pedicels and white flowers. 1 E. JAPO'NICA (Thunb. jap. p. 191. t. 25.) branches smooth ; leaves elliptical, acute ; flowers axillary. ^ • G. Native of Japan near Nagasaki. Flowers white. Japan Eurya. Shrub 4 feet. 2 E. CHINE'NSIS (Brown. 1. c. with a figure.) ultimate branches pubescent ; leaves oval-cuneated ; flowers axillary. Tj . G. Native of China in the province of Kiang-si and Quangtong, in fields and on hills. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1213. Flowers white. Chinese Eurya. Fl. Feb. Clt. 1818. Shrub 2 feet. 3 E. MULTIFLORA (D. C. 1. c. and prod. 1. p. 525.) branches hairy ; leaves elliptical-oblong, acuminate ; flowers axillary, dis- posed along the branches in fascicles, usually beneath the leaves. 1? . G. Native of Nipaul. Flowers white. Many-flowered Eurya. Clt. 1823. Shrub 4 feet. 4 E. ACUMINA'TA (D. C. 1. c. and prod. 1. p. 525.) branchlets villous ; leaves elliptical- oblong, acuminate ; flowers few, axil- lary. Tj . G. Native of Nipaul. Flowers white ? Acuminate-leaved Eurya. Shrub 3 feet. Cult. All the species of Eurya will thrive in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand; and cuttings will root in sand or mould under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat. Tribe III. FREZIE'REjE (plants agreeing with Frezieria in the petals being distinct, and in the style being cleft at the apex). D. C. prod. 1. p. 525. Calyx furnished with 2 bracteas at the base. Petals unconnected, alternating with the sepals. Anthers adnate. Style 1. Stigmas 2-5, distinct. Seeds wingless, with fleshy albumen and a somewhat curved embryo. V. CLEYERA (Andrew Cleyer, M. D. a Dutch physician, once resident in Batavia). Thunb. fl. jap. p. 12. D. C. prod. 1. p. 525. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-sepalled. Petals 5, unconnected. Stamens adhering to the base of the petals. Anthers hispid from retrograde bristles. Style filiform. Stigmas 2-3. Berry dry, 2-3-celled. Shrubs with the habit of Ternstrce'mia. All natives of Asia. 1 C. JAPO'NICA (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 224.) leaves oblong-lan- ceolate, veinless, serrulated at the apex, tj . G. Native of Japan near Nagasaki. Ksempf. amcen. 5. p. 774. icon. Tern- stroe'mia Japonica, Thunb. in Lin. soc. trans. 2. p. 335. Flowers white or yellowish. Japan Cleyera. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet. 2 C. OCHNA'CEA (D.C. mem. soc. his. nat. gen. vol. 1. p. 524.) leaves oval-oblong, acute at both extremities, entire, veiny above ; peduncles 1 -flowered, axillary, solitary or in fours, twice as long as petioles. Jj . G. Native of Japan. Sakaki, Kaempf. amocn. 777. Banks, icon. Kaampf. t. 33. Flowers yellow. Ochnaceous Cleyera. Tree 20 feet. 5 C. OCHNOIDES (Wall. mss. in herb. Lin. soc.) leaves cori- aceous, oblong, tapering to both ends, smooth, entire, obtuse or acuminate ; pedicels solitary or numerous, rising from a short peduncle, drooping, fy . S. Native of the East Indies. In the specimen we can see no trace of bracteas, and the calyx is 5-lobed, not of 5 sepals. It is therefore probably a distinct genus. Freziera ochnoides, Wall. 1. c. Ochna-like Cleyera. Shrub. 4 C. LU'SHIA ; leaves obovate or elliptical, quite entire, almost veinless, and are as well as branches smooth ; peduncles 1 -flowered, axillary, solitary, or in fours, smooth, straight, twice as long as -petioles. Tj . G. Native of Upper Nipaul at Sirinagur, where it is called Lushi-swa, C. ochnacea. TERNSTRCEMIACE^;. VI. FREZIERA. VII. LETTSOMIA. VIII. SAURAUJA. 567 Var. |3 Wallichidna (D. C. prod. 1. p. 524.) Ternstrce'mia Lushia, Hamilt. mss. in D.Don, prod. 1 . p. 225. Flowers yellow ? Lushia Cleyera. Fl. June. Tree 20 feet. Cult. The species of Cleyera will thrive well in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat ; and ripe cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. VI. FREZIE'RA (this genus is dedicated by Swartz to A. F. Frezier, a French engineer and traveller in Chili and the South Sea, who published his travels in 171C). Swartz fl. ind. occid. 2. p. 971. D. C. prod. 1. p. 524. — Eroteum, Swartz. prod, p. 85. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-sepalled. Petals 5, broadest at the base. Filaments free. Anthers smooth, some- what cordate. Style 3 or 5-cleft at the apex. Berry dry, 3-5- celled ; cells many-seeded. American trees, with the habit of Laurus. Pedicels axillary. 1 F. THJEOIDES (Swartz, fl. ind. occid. p. 972.) leaves ovate- lanceolate, serrulate-toothed, smooth on both surfaces ; pedicels solitary, 1 -flowered, fj . S. Native of the mountains of Ja- maica. Eroteum theeoides, Swartz. prod. p. 85. Flowers white ; anthers yellow. Tea-like Freziera. Clt. 1818. Tree 40 feet. 2 F. UNDULA'TA (Swartz. fl. ind. occid. p. 974.) leaves ellip- tical-lanceolate, acuminate, serrated, smooth ; flowers axillary, crowded. 1? . S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. Eroteum undulatum, Swartz, prod. 85. Flowers white. Waved-leaved Freziera. Tree 50 feet. 3 F. NERVOSA (H. et B. pi. equin. 1. p. 31. t. 9.) leaves lan- ceolate, toothed, smooth above, pubescent beneath ; pedicels many, in fascicles, fy . S. Native of South America in cold parts of the province of Pasto. Flowers white. Nerved-leaved Freziera. Tree 40 feet. 4 F. SERICEA (H. B. pi. equin. 1. p. 29. t. 8.) leaves elliptic- lanceolate, acuminated, serrulate, silvery beneath ; flowers 2 or 3 together, axillary, sessile. ^ . S. Native of South America between Quito and Popayan. Flowers white. Silky-leaved Freziera. Tree 40 feet. 5 F. CHRYSOPHY'LLA (H. B. pi. equin. 1. p. 27. t. 7.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, smooth above, villous beneath from golden silky down ; pedicels axillary, few, short. Jj . S. Native of South America about Popayan. Flowers white. Golden-leaved Freziera. Tree 30 feet. 6 F. CANE'SCENS (H. B. pi. equin. 1. p. 25. t. 6. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 211. t. 463. f. 2.) leaves elliptic-oblong, serrulated, hoary from down beneath ; pedicels 1-2, axillary, fj . S. Na- tive of the Andes of Peru. Flowers white. Hoary-\caved Freziera. Tree 30 feet. 7 F. RETICULA'TA (H. B, pi. equin. 1. p. 23. t 5.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrated, downy beneath ; pedicels 3-5 toge- ther, axillary, fascicled. Jj . S. Native of the Andes of Peru near Almaguer, Flowers white. Reticulate-leaved Freziera. Tree 40 feet. Cult. These trees will thrive well in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat ; and cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. VII. LETTSO'MIA (in honour of John Cockley Lettsom, M. D. F.R.S. an English naturalist, who has given a history of the tea-tree, as well as a work on the means of preserving objects of natural history, in 1772). Ruiz et Pav. prod. fl. per. p. 77. t. 14. D. C. prod. 1. p. 525. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx 7-sepalled. Pe- tals 5-6, overlapping each other at the bottom, inner ones nar- rowest. Filaments free. Style very short. Stigmas 3-5. Berry S-5-celled ; cells many-seeded. 1 L. TOMENTOSA (Ruiz et Pav. syst. 134.) leaves lanceolate, quite entire, clothed with silky down beneath ; berry 5-celled. Tj . S. Native of Peru in groves. Flowers white. Donny Lettsomia. Clt. 1823. Shrub 4 feet. 2 L. LANA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. syst. p. 135.) leaves lanceolate, obsoletely serrulated, woolly ; berry 3-celled. Jj • S. Native of Peru in groves. Flowers white ? Woolly -leaved Lettsomia. Shrub 4 feet. Cult. Lettsomia is a genus of beautiful shrubs. The spe- cies will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. Tribe IV. SAURA'UJEjE (plants agreeing with Saurauja in important characters). D. C. prod. 1. p. 525. Calyx furnished with 2-3 bracteas. Petals alternating with the sepals, which are more or less connected at their base into a monopetalous corolla. Stamens numerous, monadelphous at the base, adhering to the lower part of the corolla. Anthers inserted by their back, not adnate, opening by 2 pores at the apex. Styles' 3-5, distinct from the ovary, but sometimes connected together at the base. Seeds not sufficiently known. VIII. SAURAU'JA (from Sauraujo, the name of some Por- tuguese botanist, known to Willdenow). Willd. nov. act. soc. nat. cur. berol. 3. p. 406. t. 4. D. C. prod. 1. p. 525. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Tetra-Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted, Petals 5, connected together to their middle. Styles 3-5, some- times connected at the base. Berry furrowed, filled with a shining pulp, with as many cells as there are styles, many- seeded ; seeds minute, angular. Albumen fleshy. Embryo linear, with short cotyledons and an obtuse, terete radicle. American and Asiatic trees and shrubs with the habit of Laurus. Leaves serrated. Flowers of all white, axillary and lateral. 1 S. EXCE'LSA (Willd. 1. c.) leaves oblong-obovate, acutish, quite entire, scabrous above, hairy beneath at the veins ; pe- duncles long, covered with brown hairs, trichotomously-panicled at the apex. Tj • S. Native of South America on wooded mountains in the province of Caraccas. Tall Saurauja. Fl. ? Clt. 1824. Tree 50 feet. 2 S. VILLOSA (fl. mex. icon. ined. under the name of Davya) leaves elliptic, acuminated at both ends, serrated from the middle to the top, villous beneath as well as the branchlets and peduncles. tj . S. Native of Mexico. Villous Saurauja. Tree 20 feet. 3 S. PANICULA'TA (Wall. mss. in herb. soc. Lin.) leaves long, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, with spinose serratures, clothed with rusty tomentum beneath, with the midrib and petioles beset with bristles ; peduncles extra-axillary, panicled at the top, shorter than the leaves. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Panicled-Rovtered Saurauja. Tree. 4 S. SERRA'TA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. under Davya. D. C. prod. 1. p. 526.) leaves elliptic, tapering to the base, acute, serrated, smooth ; branches, petioles, and pedun- cles velvety with rusty down. J? . S. Native of Mexico. Serrated-leaved Saurauja. Tree ? 5 S. NIPAULE'NSIS (D. C. mem. soc. gen. 1. p. 421.) leaves lanceolate, acuminated, serrated, smooth above, covered with brown down beneath as well as the branchlets ; racemes many- flowered, panicled, on long peduncles. Tj . S. Native of Ni- paul at Narainhetty, where it is called Tonshi. Ternstroe'mia racemosa, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 225. Tonshia polypetala and Dillenia racemosa, Hamilt. mss. Leaves a span long and 2 or 3 inches in breadth. Nipaul Saurauja. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1824. Tree 30 feet. 6 S. LANCEOLAVTA (D. C. mem. soc. gen. 1. p. 241.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, very minutely serrated, adult ones smooth, younger ones furnished with rufous scales at the nerves ; 568 TERNSTR(EMIACEJ£. VIII. SAURAUJA. IX. APATELIA. peduncles axillary, about equal in length with the petioles, um- bellate at the apex, tj . S. Native of Java. Vanalphimia lanceolata, Lechen, mss. Lanceolate-leaved Saurauja. Tree. 7 S. NUDIFLORA (D. C. mem. soc. gen. 1. p. 241.) leaves obovate, rather acute, somewhat serrated, adult ones smooth on both surfaces; peduncles lateral, 1 -flowered, solitary, f? . S. Native of Java. Naked-flowered Saurauja. Tree. 8 S. BRACTEOLA'TA (D. C.I. c.) leaves oval, tapering to both ends, a little serrated, smooth ; peduncles lateral, simple, or branched, and furnished with a few minute bracteas. Jj . S. Native of Java. Bracteolate-peduncled Saurauja. Tree. 9 S. SPADI'CEA (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 662.) leaves lanceolate, acuminated, serrulated, smooth above but rusty beneath ; umbels axillary, crowded, shorter than the petioles ; calyx smooth. 1? . S. Native of Java. CViesn«<-coloured-leaved Saurauja. Tree. 10 S. BRACTEOSA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oval, cordate at the base, a little serrated ; peduncles axillary, trichotomous ; brac- teas oblong, length of pedicels. J? . S. Native of Java. far. /3 1 punctata (D. C. prod. 1. p. 526.) leaves more ser- rated, dotted on the upper surface with down. Large-bracted Saurauja. Tree. 1 1 S. TRI'STYLA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, acutish at both ends, finely serrated, smooth ; petioles and pedicels covered with little scales ; pedicels axillary, simple, or trifid, disposed in bundles Jj . S. Native of the Moluccas. Three-styled Saurauja. Tree. 12 S. GIGANTE'A (Nor. icon. ined. under the name of Scapha. D. C. prod. 1. p. 526.) leaves oval, cordate at the base, acumi- nated, serrated, brown-velvety beneath ; peduncles axillary, trichotomous, almost without bracteas, one-half shorter than the leaves. T; . S. Native of Java. Gigantic Saurauja. Tree 50 feet. 13 S. CRENULA'TA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves obovate, cuneated at the base, somewhat acute at the apex, crenulately serrated ; pe- duncles 1 -flowered, aggregated on the old branches. Jj . S. Native of Java. Vanalphimia Djinote, Lech. mss. Crenulate-leaved Saurauja. Tree 20 feet. 14 S. ? CAULIFLORA (Nor. icon. ined. under the name of Scapha,) leaves oblong, acuminate, awnedly serrated, smooth above, but clothed with rusty strigose tomentum beneath ; pedicels 1-flowered, collected together in bundles on the trunk ; calyx smooth. I; . S. Native of Java on the banks of the river Su- dan. Fruit baccate, therefore this plant may be a distinct genus. Stem-flowering Saurauja. Tree 20 feet. 15 S. REINWARDTIA'NA (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 662.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated ; obtuse at the base, serrulated, rough on the veins, as well as the branches ; pedun- cles axillary, usually solitary, longer than the petioles, umbel- lately 3-flowered, bracteate ; bracteas oblong, lanceolate, leafy ; calyx hairy. ^ . S. Native of Java. Reinwardt's Saurauja. Tree. 16 S. HIRSU TA (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 661. and 662.) leaves oval, acuminated, unequal at the base and rounded, scabrous above, but covered with hispid hairs beneath, as well as the branches and peduncles ; peduncles axillary, um- bellately 3-flowered, longer than the petioles ; bracteas spatu- late; calyx hairy. Tj . S. Native of Java. Hairy Saurauja. Tree 20 feet. 17 S. PE'NDULA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oblong, smooth, broadest above, and tapering to the base, with glandular serratures ; pe- duncles axillary, elongated, nodding, 2-3-cleft, much longer than the petioles ; pedicels usually 3-flowered, umbellate ; calyx smooth. J; . S. Native of Java. Pendulous-flowered Saurauja. Tree. 18 S. CUNEA'TA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves cuneated, acute, serru- lated above, smooth ; peduncles filiform, axillary, solitary, one- half shorter than the leaves, 3-flowered at the apex, bracteolate ; calyx smooth. Tj . S. Native of Java. Cuneated-\ea\ed Saurauja. Tree. 19 S. MICRA'NTHA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acuminated, acutish or obtuse at the base, serrulated, strigose on both sur- faces, as well as branches and peduncles; racemes crowded, axillary, and lateral bracteolate, shorter than the petioles ; calyx smooth. Tj . S. Native of Java. Small-flowered Saurauja. Tree. 20 S. NORONHIA'NA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oval, acuminate, obtuse at the base, callosely serrated, covered with strigose scales on both surfaces ; peduncles axillary, crowded, 1-flowered, nod- ding ; calyx smooth, tj . S. Native of Java. Petioles and branches strigosely muricated. Noronha's Saurauja. Tree. 21 S. BLUMEA'NA (Spreng. syst. app. p. 210.) leaves oval, acuminate, cordate at the base, setaceously serrulated, smooth above, but covered with brown villi beneath ; younger ones covered with strigose hairs on both surfaces, as well as the pe- tioles and branches ; peduncles axillary, trichotomously cymose, shorter than the petioles, bracteate ; bracteas broad-lanceolate ; calyx hairy. T; . S. Native of Java. S. gjgantea, Blume, 1. c. but not of Noronha. Blume's Saurauja. Tree. Cult. Saurauja is a beautiful genus of trees, with fine leaves, and rather large white flowers. The species will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. IX. APATE'LIA (froman-arjjXoe, apatelos, false. This genus does not differ from Saurauja unless in the disposition of the stamens, which is not always constant). D. C. mem. soc. gen. vol. 1. — Palava, Ruiz et Pav. prod. fl. per. p. 88. t. 22. but not of Cav. LIN. SYST. Polyadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, somewhat joined together at the base. Stamens numerous, disposed in 5 bundles. Anthers bursting by 2 pores at the apex. Stigmas 5. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved. — Trees with fine leaves, and axillary peduncles bearing white flowers. 1 A. LANCEOLA'TA (Ruiz etPav. syst. 181. under the name of Palava,) leaves oval-oblong, acuminated at both ends, ser- rated, rusty beneath ; branches, petioles, and peduncles very hairy. T? . S. Native of Peru in the mountains about Chincao. Var. ft, peduncularis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 526.) leaves ovate at the base ; peduncles 4 times longer than the petioles. Tj . S. Native of Peru. Lanceolate-leaved Apatelia. Tree 20 feet. 2 A. TOMEHTOSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.'7. p. 222. t. 650. under the name of Palava,) leaves obovate-lanceolate, sharply toothletted, rough above, clothed with white down be- neath, as well as the branchlets; panicles axillary, bracteated. Tj . S. Native of New Granada in the kingdom of Quito near Popayan. Saurauja tomentosa, Spreng. syst. app. p. 2] 1. Doivny Apatelia. Tree 30 feet. 3 A. GLABRA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. syst. 181. under the name of Palava,) leaves oblong, acute, serrulate, almost smooth on both surfaces ; branches, petioles, and peduncles covered with small strigose hairs. T? . S. Native of Muna among weeds. Smoothish Apatelia. Shrub 4 to 10 feet. 4 A. BISERRA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. syst. 181. under the name of Palava,) leaves obovate-oblong, doubly serrated ; racemes branched ; pedicels 3-flowered. >j . S. Native of Peru in shady places. Saurauja biserrata, Spreng. syst. app. p. 211. TERNSTRGEMIACE^:. IX. APATELIA. X. COCHLOSPERMUM. XI. LAPLACEA. 569 Tivice-serrated-leaved Apatelia. Shrub 12 feet. 5 A. SCA'BRA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. under Palava, 7. p. 221. t. 648.) branches, panicles, petioles, and calyx setose ; leaves cuneate, oblong, denticulated, scabrous. Tj . S. Native of- New Grenada. Panicles axillary. Filaments adhering to the base of the petals, but free from each other. Scabrous Apatelia. Tree 24 feet. Cult. See Saurauja for cultivation and propagation. Tribe V. LAPLAVCE^E (plants agreeing with Laplacea in many im- portant characters). D. C. prod. 1. p. 526. Calyx bractless, of 3-5 sepals. Petals sometimes exceeding the number of sepals. Stamens numerous, free, or connected at the base ; anthers adnate or versatile Styles connected or free. Fruit 3-5-celled. Albumen fleshy or wanting.. — The tribe con- tains elegant trees, with fine leaves, and large shewy flowers. X. COCHLOSPE'RMUM (from tcoXXw, cochlo, to twist, and crireppa, sperma, a seed ; in allusion to the seeds being rather curved, f. 97. A.) Kunth, diss. mal. p. 6. nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 526. D. C. prod. 1. p. 527. LIN. SYST. Poly&ndria. Monogynia. Calyx of 5, perma- nent, oval-oblong, blunt, unequal, imbricate sepals (f. 97. a.), which at length become reflexed, 2 outer ones smallest (f. 97. b.). Petals 5 (f. 97. d.\ permanent, somewhat ovate, emarginate at the apex, unequal-sided, twisted in the bud. Stamens numerous ; filaments filiform, smooth ; anthers fixed by the base, linear, 4- sided and 4-celled, opening by a single pore at the "apex. Style long, filiform, hooked at the top (f.97. c.). Capsules girded by the permanent calyx, petals, and stamens, ovate-globose, 3-5-celled, 3-5-valved (f. 97. f.). Valves bearing incomplete dissepiments in the middle. Seeds numerous, somewhat cochleate or kidney- shaped (f. 97. h. g.), covered with wool. Albumen fleshy. Em- bryo slender, with the radicle at the sharpest end of the seed pointing towards the hylum ; cotyledons entire, incumbent. — Trees or shrubs, with alternate, stipulate, lobed leaves, with the petioles jointed at the base. Flowers large, yellow, panicled, with the peduncles articulated at the base. 1 C. OOSSY'PIUM (D. C. prod. 1. FIG. 97. p. 527.) lobes of leaves 5, very en- tire. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies. Bombax ' grandiflorum, Sonn. voy. ind. 2. p. 235. t. 133. Bombax gossypium, Lin. syst. 517. Cav. diss. 5. p. 297. t. 157. Bom- bax C6ngo,Burm. ind. 145. Leaves almost like those of Gossypium religiosum, tomentose beneath. Flowers large, yellow, (f. 97.). Cotton - like Cochlospermum. Clt. 1822. Tree 50 feet. 2 C. ORINOCE'NSE (Mart, fl.bras. 1 . p. 83.) lobes of leaves 5-7, digi- tate, smooth, entire. ~fy . S. Na- tive of New Spain. Bombax Orinocense, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 234. Flowers large, yellow. Orinoca Cochlospermum. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet. 3 C. INSI'GNE (St. Hil. pi. usu. bras. no. 57.) leaves coriaceous, palmately 5-lobed ; lobes conduplicate, coarsely, sharply, and doubly serrated, adult ones smooth. Tj . S. Na- tive of Brazil in the provinces of Minas Novas and Minas Geraes. Flowers large, yellow. Maximiliana regia, Mart, et Schrank, bot. zeit. regensb. 1819. p. 452. Wittelsbachia insignis, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 81. t. 55. C. hibiscoides, H. B. et VOL. I. PART. VI. Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 223. C. serratifolium, D. C. prod, l.p. 527. Bombax hibiscifolium, Willd. herb. In Brazil this plant is called Butua do Curvo, where a decoction of the roots are used against internal pain, especially that which is the result of falls or other accidents ; this decoction will cure an abscess although of considerable standing. Shervy Cochlospermum. Fl. May, Sept. Tree 30 feet. 4 C. VITIFOLIUM (Spreng. syst. app. p. 206.) lobes of leaves crenate-serrated, smooth on both surfaces. Tj . S. Native of New Spain. Bombax vitifolium, Willd. enum. p. 720. Wittels- bachia vitifolia, Mart. nov. gen. 1. p. 83. Flowers large, yellow. Vine-leaved Cochlospermum. Clt. 1820. Tree 30 feet. Cult. Cochlospermum is a genus of magnificent trees. The species thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat. Cuttings should not be too ripe, and they should be taken off at a joint, and if planted in sand they will root freely under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. Plants raised from seeds make finer trees. XI. LAPLA'CEA (in honour of Marquis La Place, the cele- brated French mathematician). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 207. t. 461. B.C. prod. 1. p. 527. Hsemocharis, Sal. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 or 5 deci- duous, rather orbicular, concave, imbricate, unequal sepals. Petals 5-9, free, but unequal-sided, twisted in the bud. Sta- mens numerous, disposed in 3 rows, adnate to the base of the petals in L. speciosa, but free in the rest ; anthers versatile, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise behind. Ovary sessile, 5-7-celled ; cells 3-seeded. Styles 5-7, joined into 1 or free. Capsules woody, 5-7-celled, 5-7-valved from the top to the middle ; cen- tral column thick, bearing the seeds. Seeds oblong, pendulous, ending in a wing. Albumen wanting. Embryo linear, straight, with a short, superior radicle, and ovate, entire cotyledons. — Trees or shrubs ; leaves scattered, exstipulate, entire, coria- ceous, with the petioles articulated at the base. Flowers axil- lary, solitary, bractless, with the peduncles jointed at the base. 1 L. SPECIOSA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves oblong, quite entire, coriaceous, smooth ; flowers large, axillary, solitary, on peduncles ; styles 5, connate ; capsule 5-valved, 5-celled. Tj . S. Native of South America between Gonzana and Loxa. Flowers large, white, very shewy. Petals 9. Shewy Laplacea. Tree 20 feet. 2 L. SEMISERRA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 306.) leaves lan- ceolate, dentately-serrated, glabrous ; calyx and corolla silky on the outside ; styles free. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the pro- vinces of Rio Janeiro and Minas Geraes. Haemocharis semi- serrata, Mart, et Zucc. fl. bras. 1. p. 107. t. 66. Wikstrce'mia fruticosa, Schrad. in goatt. anz. 1821. p. 710. Lindleya, Nees in bot. zeit. 1821. p. 299. Petals 5-8, white, unequal-sided. Styles 5-7, crowned by bifid stigmas. Capsule 5-7-valved from the top to the middle. Far. ft, acuminata (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 301.) leaves lanceolate, acuminated, sharply serrated, very narrow at the base, cuneated, longer than the petioles. Province of St. Paul. Half-serrated-\ea.ved Laplacea. Fl. year. Tree 30 feet. 3 L. HJEMATO'XYLON ; leaves ovate, acuminated, serrated ; styles 5, distinct ; fruit oblong, somewhat pentagonal j pedicels very thick, short ; petals 5. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica. Gor- donia haematoxylon, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1199. Flowers white to flesh-coloured. Red-wooded Laplacea. Tree 1 6 feet. 4 L. TOMENTOSA; leaves obovate, unequal-sided, nearly en- tire, smooth above, but tomentose beneath ; flowers terminal, solitary; petals 5. Jj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of St. Paul. Haemocharis tomentosa, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 106. t. 67. Flowers white. Styles 5, free. Capsule 5-celled. 4 D 570 TERNSTROEMIACE^E. XII. BONNETIA. XIII. MAHUREA. XIV. MARILA. XV. VENTENATIA. XVI. CARAIPA. Tomeratose-leaved Laplacea. Fl. Dec. Shrub 10 feet. Cult. Laplacea is a very shewy genus of small trees. They will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and ripened cut- tino's will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat. XII. BONNETIA (in honour of Charles Bonnet, a French naturalist; he wrote some botanical papers in 1754.) Mart, et Zucc. fl. bras. 1. p. 115. t. 100. but not of Schreb. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, 5- parted, imbricate. Petals 5, equal, free, but unequal-sided, twisted in aestivation. Stamens indefinite, smooth, free, fili- form, permanent ; anthers fixed above the base, 2-celled, each cell opening by a pore at the base. Style trifid at the apex, each lobe terminated by a peculiar kind of stigma. Capsule girded round the base by the permanent calyx and stamens, 3-celled, 3- valved ; valves bent in at the edges so much as to constitute dis- sepiments, central column awl-shaped, placentiferous, each pla- centa opposite the valves. Seeds numerous, linear. Integument thin, drawn out at both ends. — Elegant middle-sized trees or shrubs. Leaves scattered, exstipulate, coriaceous, entire, 1- nerved, marked with transverse veins, with the petioles articu- lated at the base. Flowers large, terminal ; peduncles 1 or many- flowered, articulated at the base. 1 B. A'NCEPS (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 115. t. 100. B) leaves ob- ovate-oblong, on short petioles, smooth ; peduncles axillary, 3- flowered ; pedicels involucrated at the base. Jj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro in sandy places. Petals white, mixed with rose-colour, smooth. Two-edged Bonnetia. Fl. Sept. Shrub 2 to 3 feet (St. Hil.) Tree 16 feet (Mart.). 2 B. VENULOSA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 115. t. 100. A.) leaves oblong, bluntish, veiny beneath, on short petioles ; flowers in racemes ; seeds erect. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Bahia. Flowers white. Leaves tapering to the base. Feiwy-leaved Bonnetia. Tree. 3 B. STRI'CTA (Nees et Mart, in nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 87. t. 6.) leaves alternate, nearly sessile, obovate, obtuse or acutish, coriaceous, shining ; peduncles axillary and terminal, somewhat corymbose at the tops of the branches, 3-flowered. Jj . S. Na- tive of Brazil between Cabo Frio and Lagoa Feia, and the river Parahiba, in marshy places. Kiseria stricta, Mart, in regensb. bot. zeit. Jahrg. p. 298. Calyx with 3 bracteas under the flower. Straight Bonnetia. Shrub 8 feet. Cult. See Laplacea for cultivation and propagation. XIII. MAHIPREA (Mahuri is the name of the tree in Guiana). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 558. LIN. SYST. Monadtlphia, Polydndria. Sepals 5. Petals 5, equal. Stamens numerous, connected at the base. Anthers ad- nate, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise. Style 1. Stigma 3-4-lobed. Capsule conical, 3-valved, bent in at the margins. Seeds nu- merous, linear, winged at both ends, attached to the angles of the central column. — Trees, with alternate leaves. Flowers disposed in racemes, purplish. 1 M. PALU'STRIS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 558. t. 222.) flowers hardly the diameter of an inch ; anthers adnate, minute ; leaves oblong-coriaceous. Tj. S. Native of Guiana in marshes. Bon- netia mexidionalis, Swartz. B. palustris, Vahl. Flowers ter- minal, racemose, purplish. Leaves entire, full of pellucid dots. Marsh Mahurea. Tree 15 feet. 2 M. SPECIOSA (Chois. mss. in B.C. prod. 1. p. 558.) flowers yellow, 2 inches in diameter ; anthers elongated, tetragonal, fur- rowed, fixed by the base; leaves oblong-lanceolate; racemes axillary. J? . S. Native of the island of St. Martha. M. racemosa, Balbis, mss. Shewy Mahurea. Tree 12 feet. Cult. See Lapldcea for cultivation and propagation. XIV. MARI'LA (from ^apiX?/, marile, live embers or sparks ; in allusion to the sparkling yellow fringe round the seed, or the transparent dots and lines on the leaves). Swartz, prod. 84. D. C. prod. 1. p. 558. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 cross se- pals, the 2 outer ones involving the flower. Corolla of 4-5 pe- tals. Stamens very numerous, somewhat connected at the base ; anthers adnate, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise. Style 1, short, crowned by a capitate 4-5-lobed stigma. Fruit columnar, crown- ed by the permanent style, 3-4-celled, 3-4-valved ; valves bent inwards at the margins so much as to form dissepiments, with the placentas opposite the valves. Seeds very numerous, girded by a yellow fringed margin. Leaves entire, full of pellucid dots. 1. M. RACEMOSA (Swartz, prod. p. 88.) leaves opposite, ob- long-lanceolate, veined ; racemes axillary. J? . S. Native of the Caribbee islands. Flowers yellow or greenish-white. Racemose-flowered Marila. Tree 15 feet. Cult. This tree will thrive well in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat ; and half-ripened cuttings will root if planted in a pot of sand, and a hand-glass placed over them, in heat. XV. VENTENATIA (in honour of E. P. Ventenat, a French botanist, author of Choix de Plantes cultiv£es par Cels, and the Jardin de la Malmaison, in 1803.) P. Beauv. fl. d'ow. et de Ben. 1. t. 17. D. C. prod. 1. p. 527. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 3, concave, (f. 98. a.\ deciduous sepals. Petals 11-12 (f. 98. c.), oblong, tapering to the base, blunt, spreading. Stamens numerous, free ; anthers oblong, 2-celled, adnate, bursting lengthwise. Ovary ovate (f. 98. rf.). Style longer than the stamens. Berry ovate- globose, furrowed longitudinally, 5-celled, cells many-seeded (f. 98 . e.). Seeds unknown, therefore the place which this plant should occupy in the natural system is uncertain. Calyx imbricate, not valvate, on this account this genus is removed from Tiliacece. 1 V. GLAU CA (P. Beauv. 1. c.) FIG. 98. *2 . S. Native of the western coast of Africa, in the kingdom of Benin. A small tree, with exsti- pulate, stalked, ovate, acuminate, glaucous, feather-nerved leaves. Flowers scarlet, about the size of those of a species of Gordbnia. Glaucous - leaved Ventenatia. Shrub 10 feet. Cult. Ventenatia is a very fine shrub, bearing very ornamental scarlet flowers. It may probably thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and cuttings will per- haps root in sand under a hand- glass, in a moist heat. XVI. CARAITA (Caraipe is the name of one of the species in Guiana). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 56. t. 223. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx inferior, 5-parted. Corolla of 5 unequal-sided petals. Stamens indefinite, free or somewhat connected at the base. Style simple, crowned by a 3-lobed stigma. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved, bearing the seeds on the large, ligneous, central, trigonal, 3-winged,placenta. Seeds subsolitary, compressed. Albumen wanting. — Middle-sized trees, with stalked, opposite, and alternate, simple, exstipulate, coriace- ous, entire leaves, and terminal racemes or panicles of white flowers. 1 C. PANICULATA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 104. t. 64.) leaves opposite, oblong, acute, smooth above ; petioles and peduncles rusty-tomentose ; flowers panicled ; petals tomentose on the out- side. 1? . S. Native of Brazil near the bar of the Rio Negro. Petals white. The anthers in all are versatile. TERNSTRCEMIACE^E. XVI. CARAIPA. XVII. KIELMEYERA. 571 Panicled-ttowereH Caraipa. Fl. Oct. Tree 23 feet. 2 C. GLABRA'TA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 105. t. 65.) leaves alter- nate, oblong, acuminated, tapering to the base, glaucescent be- neath ; flowers racemose. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the pro- vince of Rio Negro. Corolla white. Smooth Caraipa. Tree 30 feet. 3 C. DENSIFOLIA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 105. t. 65. fruit only,) leaves alternate, ovate, oblong, bluntly cuspidate, rounded at the base, smooth on both surfaces, glaucous beneath ; flowers racemose. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Negro on the banks of the river Solimoes near Ega. Dense-leaved Caraipa. Tree 20 feet. 4 C. GRANDIFLORA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 106.) leaves alter- nate, very long, oblong-lanceolate, cuspidate, acutish at the base, shining above, glaucous beneath ; flowers racemose. T; . S. Gathered with the last. Flowers white. Great-flowered Caraipa. Tree 20 feet. 5 C. PARVIFOLIA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 561. t. 223. f. 1.) leaves alternate, ovate, acute, tomentose beneath and whitish ; flowers racemose ; ovary villous. Tj . S. Native of Guiana. This tree is called Manche-haches by the Creoles in Guiana, who consider the wood to be the best for making handles to hatchets and axes. Flowers white, small. Small-leaved Caraipa. Tree 20 feet. 6 C. LONGIFOLIA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 561. t. 223. f. 2.) leaves alternate, ovate-oblong, acute, hoary beneath ; flowers race- mose ; ovary tomentose. T? . S. Native of Guiana. Long-leaved Caraipa. Tree 20 feet. 7 C. RICHARDIA'NA (Cambess. in mem. mus. 16. p. 414. t. 3.) leaves alternate, oblong, usually with a short and blunt acumen, quite smooth ; flowers corymbose, pedicellate ; ovary smooth. Tj . S. Native of Guiana. Flowers white and rose-coloured. Richard's Caraipa. Fl. May. Shrub 6 to 12 feet. 8 C. RACEMOSA (Rich. herb. Cambess. 1. c. p. 415.) leaves alternate, oblong, very blunt, and very smooth ; flowers race- mose, almost sessile ; ovary tomentose. Tj . S. Native of Guiana. Petals tomentose. .Racemose-flowered Caraipa. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 9 C. VARIA'BILIS (Cambess. in mem. mus. 16. p. 416.) leaves alternate, oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, usually acuminated, smooth ; flowers few, panicled or racemose, pedicel- late ; ovary tomentose. fj . S. Native of Guiana. Petals clothed on the outside with refuscent tomentum. Variable Caraipa. Tree 20 feet. 10 C. FASCICULA'TA (Rich. herb. Cambess. 1. c, p. 417.) leaves alternate, elliptic, acuminated, quite smooth ; flowers few, pa- nicled, pedicellate ; ovary tomentose. f? . S. Native of Guiana. Fascicled Caraipa. Tree 20 feet ? 11C. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 562. t. 224. f. 4.) leaves alternate, long, ovate, acuminated, clothed with white tomentum beneath ; flowers racemose ; ovary tomentose. ^ . S. Native of Guiana. Narrow-leaved Caraipa. Tree 20 feet. 12 C. lATiFbtiA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 561. t. 224. f. 3.) leaves broad, ovate, acuminated, cinereous beneath ; flowers racemose ; ovary tomentose. f; . S. Native of Guiana. Leaves alternate. Broad-leaved Caraipa. Tree 20 feet. Cult. The species of Caraipa will no doubt thrive well in a mixture of loam and sand ; and cuttings with their ends ripened will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XVII. KIELMEYFRA (from C. F. D. Kielmeyer, Coun- sellor of State to the King of Wurtemberg, a patron of botany). Mart, et Zucc. fl. bras. 1. p. 112. St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 303. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, bract- less, 5-parted, imbricate, 2 outer leaflets smallest. Petals 5, free, equal, unequal-sided, twisted in the bud. Stamens nu- merous, free, rarely connected at the base, filiform. Anthers fixed by the back, oblong, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise inwards. Style simple, crowned by 3 free or connate stigmas, and appear- ing as if the style was trifid. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved ; valves bent in at the margins so much as to constitute dissepiments. Central column awl-shaped, placentiferous, each placenta opposite the valves. Seeds oblong, girded by a membranous margin ex- tended at both ends. Integument thin. Albumen wanting. Embryo straight, flat, with a minute radicle pointing towards the umbilicus, and large kidney-shaped cotyledons. — Trees or shrubs, full of resinous juice. Leaves scattered, exstipulate, usually crowded at the tops of the branches, coriaceous, entire, 1 -nerved, and marked with feathered veins ; petioles jointed at the base. Flowers large, axillary, and terminal, usually at the tops of the branches among the shorter leaves, or appearing in corymbs, or racemes, rarely in panicles, in consequence of the upper leaves being absent. Peduncles bracteate, articulated at the base. 1 K. SPECIOSA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 304. pi. usu. bras. no. 58.) stem arboreous ; leaves oblong, somewhat elliptical, obtuse, puberulous beneath on the nerves ; flowers racemose ; calycine segments ovate, obtuse, tomentose, nearly equal. Jj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, where it is called Malvado Campo, Folha Santa, and Pinhao, and where a decoction of the leaves is employed to prepare emollient baths. Petals white or flesh-coloured. Shervy Kielmeyera. Fl. April. Tree 20 feet. 2 K. FALCA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 304.) stem arboreous ; leaves oblong-subelliptic, somewhat falcate, puberulous ; flowers racemose ; calycine segments ovate, acuminated, puberulous, nearly equal. Jj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of St. Paul. Petals flesh-coloured. A small twisted tree. .Fa/caie-leaved Kielmeyera. Fl. Oct. Tree 15 feet. 3 K. CORIA'CEA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 112. t. 70.) shrubby; leaves spatulate, glaucescent, glabrous ; flowers racemose ; sepals ovate, acute, tomentose, nearly equal. Tj . S. Native of Bra- zil in the province of Minas Geraes. A small twisted shrub, abounding in yellow juice. Petals flesh-coloured. CorraceoMs-leaved Kielmeyera. Fl. Aug. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 4 K. RUBRIFLORA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 305.) stem suffruti- cose, simple ; leaves oblong-subelliptic, obtuse ; puberulous be- neath ; flowers corymbose ; sepals ovate, puberulous, nearly equal. T? . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals obovate-oblong, obliquely truncate at the apex, red. Red-flowered Kielmeyera. Fl. May. Shrub 1£ foot. 5 K. ROSEA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 110. t. 68.) stem shrubby, branched ; leaves lanceolate, very smooth, pale beneath ; flowers corymbose ; sepals ovate- roundish, nearly equal. Jj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals obovate, rose- coloured. .Rose-coloured-flowered Kielmeyera. Fl. Feb. Sh. 3 to 4 ft. 6 K. NERHF6LIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 306.) stem shrubby, simple ; leaves long, lanceolate, quite smooth ; flowers racemose or panicled ; sepals ovate, acute, puberulous, nearly equal. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of Minas Geraes and Minas Novas. Petals obovate, rose or flesh-coloured. Oleander-leaved Kielmeyera. Fl. May. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 7 K. CORYMBOSA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 113. t. 72.) stem shrubby, simple ; leaves obovate-oblong, very blunt, and quite smooth ; flowers panicled ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, ciliated, nearly equal, fj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Goyaz near Villa Boa. Petals obovate, rather retuse, red. Far.p, pauciflora (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 307.) branches naked above ; panicle few-flowered. In the province of Minas Geraes. 572 TERNSTRCEMIACE^. XVII. KIELMEYERA. XVIII. ARCIIIT/EA. XIX. GODOYA. XX. MALACHODENDRON. Corym Jose-flowered Kielmeyera. Fl. July. Shrub 3 to 4 ft. 8 K. HUMIFU SA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 307. t. 63.) stem suf- fruticose, trailing ; leaves ovate-elliptic, densely puberulous be- neath ; flowers racemose ; sepals ovate, puberulous, nearly equal. I? . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes near Tejuco. Stems numerous from the root, 1 foot high, rather trail- ing. Petals obovate, rose-coloured, smooth, but rather ciliated on the margin. Trailing Kielmeyera. Fl. Sept. Shrub -^ to 1 foot. 9 K. TOMENTOSA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 308. t. 61.) shrubby ; leaves elliptic, obtuse, tomentose beneath ; flowers corymbose ; sepals ovate, tomentose, nearly equal, Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes at a place commonly called Bosa. Petals obovate-oblong, white, tomentose beneath. Tomentose Kielmeyera. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 10 K. EXCE'LSA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 308.) arboreous; leaves oblong-subelliptic, obtuse, quite smooth ; flowers race- mose ; sepals ovate, smooth, nearly equal. Fj . S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Petals obovate, smooth, white. Tall Kielmeyera. Fl. June. Tree 60 feet. 11 K. PETIOLA'RIS (Mart. fl. bras.. 1. p. 111. t. 69.) stem arboreous or shrubby ; leaves oblong, subelliptic, obtuse, quite smooth ; flowers corymbose or racemose ; sepals roundish, smooth, unequal. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes near Villa Rica. Petals obcordate, white. Petiolar Kielmeyera. Fl. Feb. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 12 K. VARIA'BILIS (Mart. fl. bras. 1. 'p. 112. t. 71.) stem shrubby, simple ; leaves ovate or obovate, very obtuse, quite smooth ; flowers racemose or subsolitary ; sepals ovate-roundish, smooth, unequal. Ij . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals obovate-oblong, white, and smooth. Variable Kielmeyera. Fl. Feb. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. Cult. This is a beautiful genus of shrubs, with fine leaves and elegant flowers. The species will thrive well in a mixture of turfy loam and sand ; and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. None of them have yet been intro- duced to the gardens. XVIII. ARCHIT^A (in honour of Archyta, an ancient philosopher of Tarento). Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 117. LIN. SYST. Polyadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx 5-parted, permanent. Petals 5. Stamens numerous, collected into 5 bundles at the base. Anthers 2-celled, didymous, bursting lengthwise. Style simple, permanent. Capsule 5-celled, incom- pletely 5-valved, opening at the base, but connate at the apex. Seeds linear, rather winged, inserted in the central pentagonal column. — A shrub, with the habit of Bonnetia. Leaves in fascicles, feather-nerved. 1 A. TRIFLORA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 117. t. 73.) leaves in fascicles, nearly sessile, obovately-lanceolate, acuminated, acu- tish ; peduncles terminal, 3-flowered. ^ • S. Native of Brazil. Three-flowered Architaea. Tree 15 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam and peat will answer this tree well ; and cuttings which are ripened at the bottom will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XIX. GODOT A (in honour of Emmanuel Godoy, Duke of Arcadia, commonly called Prince of Peace, on account of his having concluded the peace between France and Spain, after the war of the revolution. This genus has been dedicated to him as a protector of botany). Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. prod. p. 101. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 or many sepals, imbricate in aestivation. Petals 5, convolute in aestiva- tion. Stamens definite or indefinite, disposed in many series, outer series sterile, free or in 5 bundles, inner series of 10-40 free fertile stamens. Anthers long, opening by 2 pores behind. Style simple, crowned by a 3-5-angled stigma. Capsule 3-5-valved, 3-5-celled ; valves bent inwards at the edges, constituting the dissepiments ; cells many-seeded. Seeds imbricate, winged. — Trees, with alternate, stalked, entire, or subserrulated, coriaceous leaves, which are finely ribbed, and racemes of yellow flowers. 1 G. GEMINIFLORA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 119. t. 74.) leaves oblong, bluntish, obsoletely serrulated ; racemes axillary or ter- minal, compound, elongated ; calyx of 10 sepals ; stamens about 40. \i . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Negro. Twin-flowered Godoya. Clt. 1829. Tree 20 feet. 2 G. SPATULA' TA (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. p. 102.) leaves spatu- late, crenated ; calyx 5-sepalled ; stamens about 40. fy . S. Native of Peru in groves at Cuchero and Chinchao. Spatulate-\ea\eA Godoya. Tree 20 feet. 3 G. OBOVA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c.) leaves ovate, elliptical, crenated; calyx 5-sepalled ; stamens about 10. Tj.S. Native of Peru at Cuchero. Wood hard. Oiourtte-leaved Godoya. Tree 30 feet. Cult. These are elegant trees, worth cultivating ; they will thrive well in a mixture of sandy loam and peat ; and ripened cuttings will root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. Tribe VI. GORDONIEW- (plants agreeing with Gordonia in many im- portant characters). D. C. prod. 1. p. 527. Calyx of 5 free or connected sepals (f. 99. a.). Stamens numerous, with filiform filaments, which are connected together at the base (f. 99. rf.), and oscillatory oval anthers. Carpels 5, more or less joined together at the base (f. 99. c.). Styles 5, distinct, and con- nected together at the base, or sometimes almost to the apex (f. 99. f.}, with an equal number of stigmas (f. 99. f.). Carpels capsular, 1-2-seeded, sometimes almost distinct, sometimes closely joined together into 1 capsule (f. 99. c.), sometimes with a dis- sepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds few. Albumen want- ing. Embryo straight, with an oblong radicle, and leafy coty- ledons which are plaited lengthwise, and with an inconspicuous plumule. American and Asiatic trees and shrubs with alternate oval or oblong, entire.or toothed, feather-nerved exstipulate leaves, which are usually deciduous. The flowers resemble those of Ca- mellia on the one hand and Cydbnia on the other. This tribe was formerly confused with Malvacece and Tiliacece, from their plaited, wrinkled cotyledons, but it is more nearly allied to Tern- strosmiacece on account of the calyx being imbricate, not valvate in aestivation, and in the absence of stipulas. XX. MALACHODE'NDRON (from /ia\aXoc, malachos, soft, and Stvlpov, dendron, a tree). Cav. diss. 5. p. 502. f. 2. Juss. gen. 275. D. C. prod. 1. p. 528. LIN. SYST. Munadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx 5-cleft, furnished with 2 bracteas at the base. Petals 5, with a crenulate limb. Ovary 5-furrowed. Styles 5, unconnected. Stigmas capitate. Carpels 5, capsular, connected, 1-seeded. Seeds unknown. 1 M. OVA' IBM (Cav. 1. c.). Tj . H. Native of the mountains of Virginia, Carolina, and Georgia. Lindl. bot. reg. 1104. Stuartia pentagynia, Lher. stirp. nov. 1. p. 155. t. 74. Smith, exot. bot. t. 101. Leaves ovate, acuminated. Flowers axillary, solitary, almost sessile. Petals waved, cut, of a pale-cream colour. This is an elegant tree. Ovate-leaved Malachodendron. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1785. Tree 20 feet. " Cult. This beautiful deciduous shrub, whose large flowers are of a cream-colour, deserves a place in the collection of every admirer of ornamental shrubs. Although it is sufficiently hardy to bear the winters in Britain in the open air, yet the young shoots often get injured in winter, the summer not being long TERNSTRCEMIACE^E. XXI. STUARTIA. XXII. GORDONIA. XXIII. BLUMEA. XXIV. SCHIMA. 573 enough to ripen the wood, or flower it in perfection ; it is there- fore better to keep it as a greenhouse plant. Peat soil, mixed with a little loam, suits it best ; and it is readily encreased by layers, and ripened cuttings will root in sand, under a hand-glass. XXI. STUA'RTIA (in honour of John Stuart, Marquis of Bute, once a distinguished patron of botany). Cav. diss. 5. p. 393. t. 159. f. 2. B.C. prod. 1. p. 528. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx permanent, 5- cleft, rarely 5-parted, furnished with 2 bracteas at the base. Petals 5. Ovary roundish. Style 1, filiform, crowned by a capitate 5-lobed stigma. Capsule woody, 5-celled, 5-valved ; cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds wingless, ovate, even. A shrub with deciduous leaves. 1 S. VIRGI'NICA (Cav. 1. c.). fj . H. Native of North Ame- rica in swamps in the lower counties of Virginia and Carolina. S. malachodendron, Lin. spec. 982. Lher. stirp. rar. 1. t. 73. Lam. ill. t. 593. S. Marilandica, Andr. bot. rep. t. 397 or 73. Duh. arb. 2. t. 78. Flowers large, white, with purple filaments and blue anthers, usually in pairs. Leaves ovate, acute. Petals entire. Virginian Stuartia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1 742. Sh. 6 to 8 ft. Cult. This beautiful shrub deserves to be cultivated in every collection of ornamental shrubs. For treatment and cultivation see Malachodendron. XXII. GORDO'NIA (in honour of Alexander Gordon, a celebrated nurseryman at mile-end near London, who lived in the time of Philip Miller). Ellis in phil. trans. 1770. Cav. diss. 307. D. C. prod. 1. p. 528. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx of 5 rounded, coriaceous sepals (f. 99. a.). Petals 5, somewhat adnate to the urceolus of the stamens (f. 99. d.). Style crowned by a peltate 5-lobed stigma (f. 99./.). Capsules 5-celled, 5-valved (f. 99. c.) ; cells 2-4-seeded. Seeds ending in a leafy wing, fixed to the central column, filiform. • Trees with the appearance of Gordbnia. SECT. I. LASIA'NTHUS (from Xaoroe, lasios, wool, and avOoc, anthos, a flower ; calyx covered with silky wool). D. C. prod. 1. p. 528. Petals somewhat connected at the base. Stamens almost disposed in five bundles. Style 1. 1 G. LASIA'NTHUS (Lin. mant. FIG. 99. 570.) pedicels axillary, usually shorter than the leaves; leaves oblong-coriaceous, smooth, ser- rated ; calyx silky ; capsules co- noid, acuminated. ^ . H. Na- tive of North America in cedar swamps near the sea-coast, from Virginia to Florida, where it is called Loblolly-bay. Cav. diss. 6. t. 161. Sims, bot. mag. t. 668. Hypericum lasianthus, Lin. spec. 1101. Catesb. carol. 1. t. 44. — Pluk. amalth. t. 352. This is a beautiful small evergreen tree with white flowers, about the size of those of a single rose. (f. 99.) Loblolly-bay or Woolly-flowered Gordonia. Clt. 1739. Tree 14 feet. 2 G. CHILAU'NEA (Hamilt. mss. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 225.) pedicels axillary, elongated, hardly longer than the pe- tioles ; leaves elliptical, acute, veiny, quite entire, pubescent beneath ; calyx a little ciliated ; petals entire. Tj . G. Native of Nipaul at Suembu, where it is called Chilaune-srva. G. Wal- il Fl. Aug. Oct. lichii, D. C. prod. 1. p. 528. Leaves 3-4 inches broad. Bud of flower globose, and girded by the short calyx. Flowers white. A small evergreen tree. Chilaune Gordonia. Fl. May. Tree 14 feet. 3 G. EXCE'LSA (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 663.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, serru- lated ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered, shorter than the leaves. Tj . S. Native of Java. Schima excelsa, Reinw. cat. pi. hort. bot. Buitenz. p. 80. In a specimen gathered by Blume on Mount Burangrang in Java, the ovary was constantly 4-celled, and the stigma peltate, 4-lobed. Tall Gordonia. Tree 30 feet. SECT; II. LACATHE'A (from Xa, la, very, and KaOripat, cathe- mai, to sit; application not evident). Salisb. D. C. prod. 1. p. 528. Petals connected at the base. Filaments free. Style 1. 4 G. PUBE'SCENS (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 451.) flowers almost sessile ; leaves obovate-lanceolate, pubescent beneath, somewhat serrated, membranaceous ; petals and sepals rather silky on the outside ; capsules spherical. Jj . H. Native of North America in Georgia on the banks of the Alatamaha, near Fort Barrington ; also in South Carolina. Lois. herb. amat. t. 236. Lacathea florida, Sal. par. lond. t. 56. This is a beau- tiful tree, whose large white flowers and yellow anthers have a most agreeable appearance. Var. a, velutina (D. C. prod. 1. p. 528.) leaves oblong, vel- vety beneath. G. pubescens, Lher. stirp. p. 156. Vent. malm, t. 1. Cav. diss. 6. t. 162. Franklinia Americana, Marsh. arb. 48. Var.fi, subglabra (D. C. prod. 1. p. 528.) leaves obovate- oblong, smoothish beneath. G. Franklini, Lher. stirp. 1. p. 156. Franklinia Alatamaha, Marsh, arb. 48. Flowers fragrant. Pubescent Gordonia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1774. Tr. 20 ft. Cult. Gordonia is a genus of elegant trees and shrubs, whose large beautiful white flowers make a very agreeable appearance. For cultivation and treatment see Malachodendron. The G. excelsa, being a native of Java, will require to be kept in a stove, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand- glass, in heat. XXIII. BLU'MEA (in honour of C. L. Blume, M. D. for a long time resident in Java, author of several works on Java plants). Spreng. syst. 5. p. 12. no. 2461. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Poly&ndria. Calyx 5-parted, un- equal. Petals 5, obovate, fugacious. Anthers almost sessile, disposed in a ring around the style. Style 5-cleft at the apex. Capsule 5-celled ; cells many-seeded. Seeds winged ? 1 B. JAVA'NICA (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 126.). Jj . S. Native of Java. Reinwardtia Javanica, Blume. Leaves oblong, serru- lated, smooth ; peduncles 3-flowered. Flowers large, yellow. Java Blumea. Tree 30 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam and peat will suit this tree, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XXIV. SCHIVM A (probably from ayiaijia, schisma, a fissure ; in allusion to the valves of the capsule only being cleft half-way down). Reinwardt, Blum, bijdr. ex Sc-hlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 6G2. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Poly&ndria. Calyx 5-cleft, per- manent. Petals 5, adnate to the urceolus of the stamens, as well as being connected together at the base, unequal, one of which is cucullate. Style crowned by a peltate, 5-lobed stigma. Capsule globose, 5-celled, half 5-valved ; valves woody, with a dissepiment in the middle of each. Central receptacle capitate. Seeds 1-2 in each cell, elongated into a leafy wing at the apex. 574 TERNSTRCEMIACE&. XXIV. SCHIMA. XXV. POLYSPORA. XXVI. CAMELLIA. This genus comes near to Gordonia, but differs in the structure of the calyx and capsule. 1 S. NORO'NH* (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acu- minated, entire ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered at the extremity of the branches. J? . S. Native of Java. Var. p, undulata ; leaves waved. J? . S. Native of Java. Noronha's Schiroa. Tree. Cult. This tree will thrive well in a mixture of loam and sand, and ripened cuttings taken off at a joint will root freely if planted in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XXV. POLY'SPORA (TroXuc, polys, many, and airopa, spora, a seed ; many in capsule). Sweet, hort. brit. p. 61. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx girded by ac- cessory bracteas. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens numerous, monadelphous at the base. Style crowned by a 4-5-lobed stigma. Capsule conical, 5-celled, 5-valved, many-seeded. Seeds im- bricate, ending in a wing. A shrub with smooth, obovate, entire leaves, and axillary, solitary, almost sessile flowers. 1 P. AXILLA'RIS (Sweet, 1. c.). J? . S. Native of Pulo- Pinang. Camellia axillaris, Roxb. ex Ker. bot. reg. t. 349. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2047. Gordonia anomala, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 126. Leaves obovate-oblong, serrulated, upper ones quite entire. Flowers of a yellowish-white colour, about the size of those of Camellia Sasanqua, solitary, almost sessile, usually axillary. Styles 4, and hardly unconnected at the apex. /4;n Wary-flowered Polyspora. Fl. Nov. to Mar. Clt. 1816. Shrub 3 feet. Cult. This shrub will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and cuttings not too much ripened will root in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat, or it may be grafted on the single red Ca- mellia Japonica. Tribe VII. CAMELLIE'jE. D. C. theor. elem. ed. 1. 1813. Feb. as an order. Theacea, Mirb. bull. phil. Dec. 1813. as an order. Calyx of 5-9 sepals, inner ones largest and concave, deciduous. Petals 5-7-9, alternating with the sepals when the same number, sometimes they are connected at the base. Sta- mens numerous, filiform, separated into many bundles at the base, but usually monadelphous. Anthers ellipsoid, roundish, versatile. Ovary ovate-roundish, crowned by 3-5 filiform styles, which are connected at the base. Capsule 3-5 -celled, 3-5-valved ; valves sometimes with dissepiments in the middle, sometimes so much bent in at the margins as to form disse- piments. Seeds large, few, fixed to the margins of the central placenta. Albumen wanting. Embryo with large, thick, oily cotyledons, and as if they were jointed at the base, and an obtuse, short, radicle, pointing to the hilum, and a hardly evident plumule. Smooth evergreen trees or shrubs, inhabitants of the colder parts of Asia, China, Japan, &c. Flowers axillary, very shewy, red, white, or striped. XXVI. CAME'LLIA (in honour of George Joseph Ca- mellus or Kamel, a Moravian Jesuit and traveller in Asia. He wrote a history of the plants of the isle of Luzon, which is in- serted in the 3d vol. of John Ray's Historia Plantarum). Lin. gen. no. 848. D. C. prod. 1. p. 529. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx imbricate, sur- rounded by accessory bracteas or sepals. Stamens monadelphous. Anthers elliptical, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise. Capsule fur- rowed, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve, separating from the free triquetrous axis when ripe. Cells 1-2-seeded. Elegant evergreen trees or shrubs, with coriaceous, dark-green, shining leaves, and large flowers, resembling the rose, of va- rious hues. 1 C. JAPO'NICA (Lin. spec. 982.) leaves ovate, acuminate, acutely serrated ; flowers axillary, sessile, usually solitary ; ovary smooth. Tj . G. Native of Japan and China. Cav. diss. 6. t. 160. Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 553. Duh. ed nov. t. 71. Andr. bot. rep. t. 25. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 329. and 455. Lois. herb. amat. t. 43, 44, 45, and 46. Curt. bot. mag. t. 42. This plant, in its native country, grows to a large tree. It is in high esteem among the Japanese and Chinese for the elegance of its large flowers, which exhibit a great variety of colours, but have no scent, and for its evergreen leaves. It is very com- mon everywhere in the groves and gardens, flowering from Octo- ber to April. It varies with white, red, yellowish, purple flowers, and variegated and blotched with the same colours, from single to semidouble and double. It is the greatest ornament of the greenhouses of Europe in spring, and is now cultivated by nurserymen to a vast extent. The plant was cultivated in England before 1 742 by Robert James Lord Petre. The varieties at present cultivated in England are as follows : Varieties of Camellia Japonica rvhich have been introduced from China. a. alba-plena. Double white Camellia. Clt. 1792. The flowers are pure white, from 3 to 4 inches in diameter, the petals being disposed in circles from the circumference to the centre, and lying particularly flat and even one above another. Andr. bot. rep. p. 25. Lodd. bot. cab. 269. 13 fimbriata. Fringed white Camellia. Clt. 1816. The flowers are double, white ; the petals are fringed. Lodd. bot. cab. 1103. y variegata. Double striped Camellia. Clt. 1792. The flowers of a fine dark rose of red-colour, irregularly blotched with white, whilst those which appear in the spring are generally plain red. They are 3 or 4 inches in expansion. The outer petals are about 1-J- inch in diameter, roundish cordate, thick and fleshy at the base, and sometimes a little divided at the apex. When the flowers are fully expanded they become recurved. The centre petals are often small, narrow, and upright, con- fusedly arranged, many of them being disposed in tufts, with small parcels of stamina intermixed. Some flowers are parti- cularly handsome .and as double as a rose. Andr. bot. rep. t. 91. Lodd. bot. cab. 329. S rubro-plena. Double red Camellia. Old Red and Gre- ville's Red. Clt. 1794. The flowers are 3 or 3| inches in diameter. They are of a crimson-red colour, and resemble the flowers of a double Hibiscus. The petals are numerous, of an irregular shape, comparatively long and narrow, pointed, and veined. They are curled on the margins, gradually diminishing in size towards the centre. Andr. bot. rep. 1. 199. Lodd. bot. cab. 397. £ incarnata. Lady Hume's Blush Camellia or BufF Camellia. Clt. 1806. The flowers open very regularly 3 or 3^ inches in diameter, of a fine glowing blush-colour, becoming richer as they expand ; the outer petals are a good deal recurved, they fradually diminish in size towards the centre, and are pointed, n general they are evenly arranged and laid over each other. Ker. bot. reg. 112. Andr. bot. rep. 660. f. 1. Lodd. bot. cab. 140. £ anemonefldra. Waratah Camellia or Blush Waratah Ca- mellia or Anemone-flowered Camellia. Clt. 1739. The flowers are remarkably shewy, and resemble a double anemone. They are about 3 or 4 inches in diameter, of a deep-red colour. The outer petals expand quite flat, roundish-cordate, surrounding a great number of smaller ones, regularly disposed and rising upright in the centre, each of them are roundish-cordate, and slightly marked with veins of a deeper colour. Those in the centre of the flower are of a peculiar form, being small and fleshy at the base, and broad and thin towards the point, with TERNSTR(EMIACE,E. XXVI. CAMELLIA. 575 a very minute white tip, they are compactly arranged in rows from the circumference to the centre, which is considerably elevated about the outer petals, and each incurved towards the styles, with their edges turned outwards. Sims, bot. mag. 1654. Lodd. bot. cab. 537. TJ crassinervis. Mr. Kent's Camellia. Clt. 1820. This kind is very like the Waratah. The only difference appears to be that in the flowers of this the outer petals are paler and more cupped and the leaves are thinner and rounder. It was for- merly known under the name of Kent Hexangular. Lodd. bot. cab. 1475. 6 myrtlfblia. Myrtle-leaved Camellia. Clt. 1808. The flowers are large in proportion to the plant, about 3 inches in diameter, and are freely produced. On their first opening they appear to be of a deep rose-colour, but when expanded be- come paler. The petals are numerous and regularly arranged over each other, forming a peculiar nice compact flower, faintly veined with red. The outer petals are of a roundish form, always darker in colour than the interior ones, an inch broad, at length becoming recurved. The inner petals are much smaller, and pointed, at first they are erect and closely set together, so that the centre of the flower is considerably elevated ; they afterwards expand almost flat. Sims, bot. mag. 1670. Lodd. bot. cab. 354. i hexangularis. Hexangular-flowered Camellia. This va- riety is no less remarkable for the regular disposition of its petals, than for the peculiar elegance of its flowers. This plant is only known by the Chinese drawings in the possession of the Horticultural Society. It has not yet been introduced. The preceding variety usually goes under that name in the gardens. K involuta. Lady Long's Camellia. Clt. 1820. It agrees precisely in character with the myrtle-leaved, but differs in being more erect and of stronger growth, and in having all the petals involute instead of spreading, but this is not permanent, as the petals are sometimes inflexed. Ker. bot. 633. X varidbilis. Various-flowered Camellia. Clt. 1816. This is remarkable for producing more than 4 different coloured flowers upon the same plant, red, white, and blush varieties of the pceony-jlomered and the Pompom. H Pomponia. The Kew Blush Camellia. Clt. 1810. The flowers of this variety are very delicate, and measure, when full expanded, 4 inches in diameter. They consist of 10 or 12 roundish-cordate outer petals, arranged in 2 rows round a great number of smaller ones that rise in the centre, in an erect, ir- regular mass, the outer petals spread open and become almost flat, they are sometimes entire, but usually indented and undu- lated. Their colour is pure white, excepting for about a third of their length, nearest the base, which is deeply tinged with red, as well as a small stripe up the centre. Ker. bot. reg. 22. Lodd. bot. cab. 596. v pceoniflbra rbsea. Red Pseony-flowered Camellia. Clt. 1810. Andr. bot. rep. 660. Lodd. bot. cab. 238. o pceoniflbra pallida. Blush Paeony-flowered Camellia. Clt. 1820. JT pceoniflbra Alba. White Paeony-flowered Camellia. Clt. 1810. These three last varieties are in every respect the same as the Pompone. The only difference appears to be in the colour of the flowers. That of the first is of a bright rose or red-colour, marked with darker veins. The second is intermediate in the colour between the last-mentioned and the Pompune, being darker than the Pompone, yet not so dark as the Red Pceony-jlomered. The whole of the petals are veined and of a deep blush-co- lour, excepting the edges, which are nearly white. The third variety is generally cultivated under the name of White Waratah or White Anemone-florvered and White Pompone. The flowers are exactly the same as the Pompone, excepting that they are pure white, and have not the blush tinge at the base of the petals. p semiduplex. Semi-double Red Camellia. Clt. 1808. The plant is not easily distinguished from Middlemist's Red Camellia, unless when in flower. The flowers consist of from 6-12 large roundish petals in a single or double series, round the column of stamina, and expanding to 2^ inches in diameter ; they are generally concave, and all marked with veins that are darker than the uniform rich rose-colour of the flowers. The stamens rise erect, they are transformed into small, roundish, ligulated petals, slightly divided at the apex, and striped with white in the same manner as Middlemist's Red, but not so large nor are the petals so numerous. It has been impregnated with the pollen of the single white, and some excellent varieties have been raised from the seed by Mr. Press, the gardener to Edward Gray, Esq. at Harringay House, Hornsey. Andr. bot. rep. 559. £ atrorubens. Loddiges's Red Camellia. Clt. 1809. The flowers are generally middle-sized, and seldom exceed 3 inches in diameter. They are very striking at a distance, appearing scarlet. The outer petals are of a thick substance, roundish, oblong, with the edges sometimes notched and slightly undulated. The whole are ranged in a double or triple series, and are faintly marked with darker veins. The centre of the flower is filled with small petals, confusedly mixed together, varying a good deal both in size and form, each are incurved and have a white tip, sometimes elongated, ligulate petals rise out from amongst them, intermediate in shape between the outer and inner petals, of a paler colour, arranged in a cluster overtopping the others. The flower is usually neat and shewy. Lodd. bot. cab. 170. T Welbdnkii. Welbank's White Camellia. Clt. 1820. This variety is called luteo-albicans in bot. reg. 708. also Jlavescens and White Moutan Camellia. The flowers are of a yellowish- white colour, and do not open freely, about S-J- inches in dia- meter. The petals are not arranged in any sort of order, so that the flower has a confused appearance, the outer ones are of a roundish form, much undulated, and but very little recurved or divided at the extremity. The centre petals are of an irre- gular shape, sometimes they approach to those of the Pompone, but are often twisted and arranged in tufts with several parcels of imperfect stamens intermixed among them. The flower is upon the whole rather delicate, and has been compared to those of Gardenia florida. v rosea. Le Blanc's Red Camellia. Clt. 1821. This, though not so shewy as many other varieties, is nevertheless desirable, from producing its flowers both early and abundantly. The flowers, when expanded, measure about 2-J- inches in dia- meter, of a pale-rose colour approaching that of the Myrtle- leaved. The flower has sometimes the appearance of a small moss rose, but generally the outer petals expand nearly flat, they are roundish-cordate, and sometimes have a faint green stripe down the centre. The whole of the petals are nearly of the same form, being evenly arranged, diminishing gradually in size to the centre, but not so full of petals as some other va- rieties. X specibsa. Rawes's Variegated Waratah. Clt. 1824. The flowers of this variety are extremely handsome, and of a deeper red than either the atrorubens or Waratah. They open very regularly, and when expanded are usually 4 inches in diameter. The outer petals 10-12 or more, a little cordate, but generally rounded, a little recurved and faintly veined, disposed in 2 or 3 series, with a few unequal blotches of white appearing on some of them near the edges, above these there is another row of small incurved thick petals, which rise upright, and become 57G TERNSTRCEMIACEjE. XXVI. CAMELLIA. larger the nearer they approach the centre ; from these proceed 8 or 10 petals, nearly as large as those at the extremity, and sur- round another set of small incurved petals, thus having the appearance of two flowers, one formed in the centre of the other ; nearly the whole of the petals have a little white stripe at their base, and some will even be variegated ; all are tipped with white in the same manner as those of the Waratdh, u> cdrnea. Middlemist's Red Camellia. Clt. 1808. This variety is also known under the name of Rose-coloured Ca- mellia. The flowers are similar in colour to the semi-double red but larger. The outer petals are roundish-cordate, arranged in circles over each other, they are not numerous, although the flowers may be said to be more than semi-double. The centre petals are short, and vary in form, generally they are roundish and a little twisted, as well as marked with dark-coloured veins, and all of them have more or less a small white-coloured stripe down their centre. The stamens are at times perfect, but usually changed into petals, and the whole altogether resemble a full- blown rose. Ker. hot. reg. 22. Andr. bot. rep. 660. f. 1. a a imbricata. Crimson Shell Camellia. Clt. 1827. This is without doubt the best variety that has been brought from China. The flowers are upwards of 3| inches in diameter, and very regular in form, the petals being arranged one above ano- ther, and gradually diminishing in size towards the centre, exactly in the manner of the Double White. The colour is of a fine crimson-red and remarkably shewy. When the flowers first begin to open they are concave, but as they expand they become quite flat. The outer petals are nearly round. The centre petals are rather pointed and rise upright. /3/3 Pdrksii. Park's Striped Rose Camellia. Clt. 1824. This differs from the common striped. The flowers open well, and measure 4 inches in diameter. They are of a bright rose- colour, irregularly striped or blotched with white. The outer petals are very large, slightly cordate, occasionally having a fringed ed, pseudo, false, tXata, elaia, an olive ; form of fruit like that of an olive). Pet. Th. gen. mad. no. 51. D. C. prod. 1. p. 533. LIN. SYST. Hexandria, Monogynia. Calyx small, nearly entire. Petals 3, conniving into a tube. Filaments 6, adnate to the petals, hence they appear epipetalous. Capillary threads forked at the apex on each side of the petals. Ovary conical. Style length of corolla. Stigma 3-lobed. Drupe spherical, 1 -seeded. Seeds exalbuminous. Embryo with indistinct fleshy cotyledons. From the flowers this shrub appears to be inter- mediate between Olax and Heisteria, but the seed is truly distinct. 1 P. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 533.) Tj. S. Native of Madagascar. A little branching tree, with alternate smooth leaves, and axillary few-flowered peduncles. O4ax pseu- daleia. Willd. in Steud. nom. Flowers white ? Madagascar Pseudaleia. Shrub 10 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will suit this tree very well ; and cuttings will root in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat. VIII. PSEUD ALEIOI'DES (in reference to its similarity to the foregoing genus). Pet. Th. gen. mad. no. 52. D. C. prod. 1. p. 533. LIN. SYST. Hexandria, Monogynia. Calyx small, entire. Petals 4, unequal, broad and connivent at the base. Stamens 6, with broad filaments, unequally applied to the petals, and appear to be inserted in them. Anthers inserted by their apex. Ovary 1-seeded. Style length of corolla. Stigmas 3, globose. Fruit unknown. 1 P. THOUA'RSH(D. C. prod. 1. p. 533.). tj. S. Native of Madagascar. A weak shrub with alternate leaves and unilateral few-flowered racemes. O'lax pseudaleioldes, Willd. in Steud. nom. Flowers small, and probably white. Du Petit Thouars's Pseudaleioides. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. See Pseudaleia for cultivation and propagation. f A genus allied to Olacinece. IX. ICACIVNA (this name refers to the similarity of the plant with that of Chrysobalanus Icaco, a name given by the Americans to the fruit of that shrub). Adr. Juss. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 1823. 1. p. 174. D. C. prod. 1. p. 534. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx short, 5-cleft, usually permanent. Petals 5, valvate in the bud, alternating with the lobes of the calyx and 3-times larger than them, villous on the inside at the base. Stamens 5, erect, alternating with the petals. Anthers cordate, fixed by their middle, 2-celled ; cells opening lengthwise. Style simple, incurved, truncate at the apex. Ovary seated on a glandular disk, 1-celled. Fruit fleshy, containing a large nut. A shrub with simple, alternate, exstipulate, short-stalked, ovate, entire, reticulately-nerved leaves, and small panicles of white flowers. 1 I. SENEGALE'NSIS (Ad. de Juss. 1. c. t. 9.). Tj . S. Native all along the coast of Guinea by the sea-side. Chrysobalanus lutea, Hort. trans. 5. p. 453. This is a spinose shrub, it has much the habit of Citrus limbnum. The fruit is about the size of an Orlean's plum, of a yellow colour, with a flavour much resembling that of noyeau. Senegal Icacina. Fl. April, May. Shrub 1 0 feet. Cult. This shrub would thrive in this country in a mixture of one-quarter loam and three-quarters sand, which should be repeatedly watered with salted water, and ripened cuttings will probably root in sea-sand under a hand-glass, in heat. ORDER XXXIX. AURANTIA'CE^E (plants agreeing with the Orange in important characters). Corr. ann. mus. 6. p. 376. Mirb. bull. phil. 1813. p. 379. D. C. prod. 1. p. 535. Calyx urceolate, campanulate, somewhat adnate to the disk, short, 3-5-toothed (f. 101. a.), marcescent. Petals 3-5 (f. 101. b.), broadest at the base, sometimes free, sometimes a little con- nected at the base, inserted on the outside of the disk, imbricate in aestivation by the margins. Stamens equal in number with the petals, or double, or multiple (f. 101. c.) that number ; fila- ments flat at the base, sometimes free^ sometimes variously con- nected in many bundles, sometimes truly monadelphous, but always free at the apex, and subulate. Anthers terminal, in- serted by the base, erect. Ovary ovate, many-celled (f. 101. d.). Style 1, terete, crowned by a thick subdivided stigma. M. De- candolle thus explains the structure of the fruit, the orange ; first, of a thick, valveless, indehiscent indusium or coat, which is most likely to be considered a continuous torus ; secondly, of several carpels in a whorl, around an imaginary axis, often separable without laceration, membranous, and either containing seeds only, or filled with pulp, lying in innumerable little bags, proceeding from the inner coat of the cells. Seeds situated in the carpels, fixed to their inner angles, numerous or solitary, ex- albuminous, usually pendulous, often inclosing many embryos. Seed-cover usually marked with a raphis and -cup-shaped chalaza. Embryo straight, with a retracted superior radicle, turned to- wards the hilum, and large thick cotyledons, which are auricled at the base, and a conspicuous plumule. — This order consists of smooth trees and shrubs of the greatest beauty and utility. The leaves are alternate, articulated above the stem, sometimes compound, with one or many pairs of leaflets, the terminal one always standing on a winged, leafy or dilated petiole, which is furnished with a joint, sometimes simple, with a dilated, jointed petiole, and sometimes reduced to the dilated petiole, the terminal leaflet being abortive. Axillary spines not always present. The AURANTIACE2E. I. ATALANTIA. II. TRIPHASIA. III. LIMONIA. 583 leaves, indusium of fruit, stamens, filaments, petals, and calyx abounding in transparent reservoirs of odoriferous oil, which are the most obvious characters. This oil possesses powerful tonic and stimulating properties. The flowers are fragrant, and the fruit in all cases fleshy, and generally eatable. The well known orange, lemon, lime, and shaddock are the representatives of this order. Synopsis of the Genera. 1 ATALA'NTIA. Parts of flower quaternary. Stamens 8, monadelphous, but free at the apex. Anthers terminal. Fruit 4-celled, 4-seeded. Leaves simple. 2 TRIPHA'SIA. Parts of flower ternary. Stamens 6, free, rarely 5 or 8. Anthers rather sagittate. Fruit 3-celled, rarely 2-4. Cells 1-seeded. Leaves simple or ternate. 8 LIMONIA. Parts of flower quaternary or quinary. Stamens free, 8-10, rarely 4-5. Fruit pulpy, 4-5-celled. Cells 1-seeded. Leaves simple or trifoliate. 4 SCLEROSTYLIS. Parts of flower quaternary or quinary. Stamens 8-10. Anthers cordate. Fruit dry, 1-2-celled ; cells 1-2-seeded. Leaves simple, trifoliate or pinnate. 5 COOKIA. Parts of flower quinary. Stamens 10, free. Anthers roundish or cordate. Fruit baccate, subglobose, 5- celled ; cells 1-seeded. Leaves pinnate. 6 MURRAVYA. Parts of flower quinary. Stamens 10, free. Anthers roundish. Fruit fleshy, 1-2-celled; cells 1-seeded. Leaves pinnate. 7 MICROME'LUM. Calyx entire. Petals 5. Stamens 10, free. Anthers roundish, didymous. Fruit dry, 5-celled ; cells 1-2-seeded. Leaves pinnate. 8 AGLAI^A. Parts of flower quinary. Stamens 5, monadel- phous, with the anthers inclosed. Fruit baccate, 1-seeded. Leaves pinnate. 9 BERGE'RA. Parts of flower quinary. Stamens 10, free. Anthers roundish. Fruit baccate, usually 1 -celled, 1-seeded. Leaves pinnate. 10 CLAUCE'NA. Parts of flower quaternary or quinary. Sta- mens 8-10; filaments dilated at the base, and conniving. An- thers ovate-roundish. Fruit nearly dry, 1 -celled, 1-seeded from abortion. Leaves pinnate. 11 GLYCO'SMIS. Parts of flower quinary. Stamens 10, flat. Anthers elliptical. Fruit fleshy, 1-2-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Leaves pinnate. 12 FERONIA. Parts of flower quinary. Stamens 10, free, dilated and villous at the base. Anthers oblong. Fruit bac- cate, many-celled ; cells many-seeded. Leaves pinnate. 13 jE'GLE. Parts of flower ternary or quinary (f. 101. &.). Stamens 30-40, free (f. 101. c.). Anthers long, linear, mucro- nate. Fruit baccate, woody, turbinately-globose, many-celled (f. 101. rf.) ; cells many-seeded. Leaves trifoliate. 14 Ci TRUS. Parts of flower usually quinary. Calyx 3-5- cleft. Petals 5-8. Stamens 20-60 ; filaments compressed, more or less connected at the base into many bundles. Fruit baccate, 7-12-celled ; cells many-seeded, pulpy. Leaves simple, with a flat or winged petiole. I. ATALA'NTIA (from Atalanta, the daughter of Schaneus, so swift that she promised to marry him who outran her, but was overtaken by Hippomanes by casting three golden apples in her way. The fruit of this tree is of a golden-yellow colour.) Corr. ann. mus. 6. p. 383. D. C. prod. 1. p. 535. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Octdndria, Calyx 4-toothed. Pe- tals 4. Stamens 8, monadelphous at the base, but are uncon- nected at the apex. Anthers terminal. Pistil villous. Fruit spherical, 4-celled, 4-seeded. — A thorny shrub, with simple leaves. 1 A. MONOPHY'ILA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 535.) Tj. S. Native of the East Indies. Limdnia monophylla, Roxb. cor. 1. p. 59. t. 83. Leaves ovate -oblong, emarginate at the apex. Spines small, simple. Racemes axillary. Flowers small, white. Fruit yellow, about the size of a nutmeg, very like a lime, and is called by the Hindoos wild lime. One-leaved Atalantia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1777. Shrub 8 ft. Cult. Atalantia will succeed well in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings planted in sand under a hand-glass will root readily, in heat. II. TRIPHA'SIA (from rpKpatrtof, triphasios, triple ; in allusion to the calyx being 3-toothed, and the 3 petals.) Lour, fl. coch. 1. p. 189. D. C. prod. 1. p. 535. LIN. SYST. Hexa-Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 3-toothed. Petals 3. Stamens 6, unconnected, rarely 5 or 8 ; filaments awl-shaped, flat. Anthers somewhat sagittate. Fruit 1-3- celled; cells 1-seeded, filled with mucilage. Embryos many in the seed. — Shrubs, furnished with straight axillary spines, and with simple or trifoliate leaves. 1 T. MONOPHY'LLA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 536.) leaves simple, ob- long. Tj . S. Native in the island of Timor. Leaves almost sessile, blunt. Racemes small in the axils of the spines, shorter than the leaves. Flowers small, white. Fruit unknown. This shrub has the habit of Atal&ntia, but with the flower of Tripha- sia. Fruit 5-celled ? One-leaved Triphasia. Shrub 6 feet. 2 T. SARMENTOSA (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 663.) arboreous ; stem prickly ; branches sarmentose, hooked ; leaves ternate and simple ; leaflets oblong, acuminated, quite en- tire, stalked ; corymbs axillary. Tj . S. Native of Java. Calyx 3-4-toothed. Stamens 8. Fruit egg-shaped, 2-3-celled, 2-3- seeded, full of mucilaginous pulp. Rambling Triphasia. Tree. 3 T. TRIFOLIA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 536.) leaves 3-foliate ; leaflets ovate, retuse, emarginate at the top, the lateral ones smallest. I? . S. Native of the East Indies, Cochin-china, and China. Limonia trifoliata, Lin. mant. 237. Jacq. icon. rar. t. 463. Andr. bot. rep. t. 143. T. Aurantiola, Lour. p. 153. Leaves on short petioles, trifoliate ; leaflets ovate, terminal one usually emarginate. Flowers white, sweet smelling. Stamens 6. Fruit of a red-bay colour, soft, the size of a hazel-nut. The pulp is colourless, very sweet, with a slight taste of turpen- tine ; before it is ripe glutinous, and tasting strong of turpen- tine. Loureiro says, that the berry is red, and ovate like those of coffee, but only half the size, covered with a thin pellicle, and containing\a clammy, sweet, inodorous, eatable pulp, and a single ovate seed. \ Trifoliate Tjiphasia. Fl. May, July. Shrub 5 feet. Cult. The species of Triphasia will grow well in a mixture of turfy loam and peat ; but care must be taken not to sodden them with water during winter. Cuttings not too ripe, but ripened at the base, will root readily in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. III. LIMO'NIA (Lymoun is the Arabic name of the citron. 584 AURANTIACEJS. III. LIMONIA. IV. SCLEROSTYLIS. The species of this genus have the appearance of the citron as well as its acid fruit). Lin. gen. no. 524. D. C. prod. 1. p. 536. LIN. SYST. Octo-Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-5-parted. Petals 4-5. Stamens unconnected, equal or double the number of petals. Fruit baccate, pulpy, 4-5-celled; cells 1 -seeded. This genus includes an heterogeneous mass of species. . * Leaves simple. The genus to which these plants should be referred is doubtful, owing to the parts of fructification being insufficiently known. 1 L. IU'CIDA (Forst. prod. no. 191.) leaves simple ; peduncles axillary. Tj . S. Native of the island of Mallicolla in the South Seas. Flowers white. Shining-leaved Limonia. Shrub. 2 L. LAURE'OLA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 536.) leaves simple; flowers terminal, in corymbose heads, fj . G. Native of Nipaul. Leaves exactly like those of Daphne laureola. Calyx 5-parted. Petals and stamens 5. Flowers white. Spunge-Za«re/-leaved Limonia. Shrub. 3 L. RETU SA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 224.) leaves elliptical, blunt at the apex, and emarginate, acute at the base ; petioles semi-cylindrical ; peduncles usually solitary, 1 -flowered, one- half shorter than the leaves. Tj . G. Native of Nipaul at Siri- nagur. Flowers white ? Retuse-leaved Limonia. Shrub. * * Leaves trifoliate. Shrubs with the habit of Toddalia. 4 L. CITRIFOLIA (Willd. enum. 448.) leaves simple and tri- foliate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminated ; pedicels axillary, shorter than the petioles. T? . G. Native of China. Flowers small, white. Berry red. Citron-leaved Limonia. Fl.year. Clt. 1800? Shrub 5 ft. 5 L. ? DIACA'NTHA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 536.) leaves trifoliate ; leaflets oval, somewhat emarginate ; spines axillary, twin, straight. T; . S. Native of Pondicherry. Flowers small, white, pen- tandrous ? Tmo-spined Limonia. Shrub. 6 L. ? HO'RRIDA (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1 . p. 663.) leaflets 3, ovate-oblong, bluntish, obsoletely crenulated, intermediate one stalked and larger than the rest ; spines twin, infra-axillary, divaricate, straight. T? . S. Native of Java. Perhaps the same as L. diacdntha. Horrid Limonia. Shrub. 7 L.? DU'BIA (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 665.) leaflets 3, sessile, oblong, tapering to the base, retuse at the apex, quite entire, lateral ones small ; common petiole marginate. tj . S. Native of Java. Young branches spinose ; spines ax- illary, twin, straight. Doubtful Limonia. Shrub. 8 L. ? MAURITIA'NA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 517.) leaves trifoliate ; leaflets oval, somewhat mucronate ; panicles axillary ; spines none. Tj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Flowers white, quad- rind, octandrous. Mauritian Limonia. Shrub. • Leaves impari-pinnate, with wingless petioles. Thorns wanting. 9 L. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (Lam. diet. 3. p. 517.) leaves pin- nate, with 4-5 alternate, lanceolate, toothed leaflets ; panicles short, axillary. Ij . S. Native of Madagascar. Flowers white. Madagascar Limonia. Shrub 6 feet. 10 L. PARVIFLORA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 2416.) leaves with 2 pairs of elliptical-lanceolate, quite entire leaflets ; corolla cam- panulate ; fruit ovate-spheroid, oblique. T; . G. Native of China. Flowers white. Small-flowered Limonia. Fl. year. Clt. ? Shrub 6 feet. 1 1 L. MINU'TA (Forst. prod. no. 1 90.) leaves pinnate ; ra- cemes corymbose, terminal. Tj . S. Native of the Friendly Islands. Flowers white. Minute Limonia. Shrub. Leaves impari-pinnate, with winged petioles. True Limonia. Spines .,. — - . -t . - — axillary. 12 L. ACIDI'SSIMA (Lin. mant. 380.) leaves with 2 pairs of obovate, somewhat emarginate leaflets ; spines solitary ; fruit egg-shaped, f? . S. Native of the East Indies. — Rumph. amb. 2. t. 43. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, whitish. Filaments 10. Fruit about the size of a nutmeg, yellowish, but reddish when perfectly ripe. Pulp flesh-coloured, very acid, and is used by the inhabitants of Java instead of soap. Very-acid-fruited Limonia. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 13 L. CRENULA'TA (Roxb. cor. 1. t. 86.) leaves pinnate, with 2 or 3 pairs of oblong-elliptical crenulated leaflets ; spines soli- tary ; fruit globose. Jj . S. Native on the Coromandel coast. Calyx 4-cleft. Petals 4, white. Stamens 8. — Rheed. mal. 4. t. 14. Fruit about the size of a large pea, when ripe black. It is much used on the coast of Malabar as a medicine. Flowers sweet-scented. Petioles with broad wings. Crenulate-leaved Limonia. Fl. July. Clt. 1808. Shrub 6 to 1 0 feet. 14 L. AMBI'OUA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 536.) leaves pinnate ; spines in pairs ; leaflets roundish-oval. Tj . G. Cultivated in Eastern Florida? L. acidissima? Nutt. in Sillim. journ. amer. 5. 1822. p. 295. Perhaps a variety of L. acidissima or L. cre- nuldta. Ambiguous Limonia. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. The species of Limonia will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, with the addition of a little rotten dung ; ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. IV. SCLERO'STYLIS (<7j . S. Native of the East Indies. Limonia pentaphylla, Lamb, herb, but not of Roxb. Flowers white. Five-leaved Claucena. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1800. Tr. 20 ft. Cult. These trees should be propagated and cultivated in the same manner as recommended for Bergera. XI. GLYCO'SMIS (from yXvxvs, glycus, sweet, and oa^.r\, osme, smell ; in allusion to the sweet-scented flowers). Cor. ann. mus. 6. p. 384. D. C. prod. 1. p. 538. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 10, with flat, awl-shaped filaments and elliptical anthers. Style short, cylindrical. Ovary 5-celled ; cells 1- seeded. Fruit fleshy, 1-2-celled ; seed pendulous, with a mem- branaceous covering. Auricles of cotyledons very short (Mirb.). Trees with impari-pinnate smooth leaves. Panicles axillary and terminal. 1 G. ARBOREA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 538.) leaflets 5-7, oblong- linear, alternate, toothletted. Tj . S. Native of Coromandel and the Mauritius, in woods. Limonia arborea, Roxb. cor. 1 . t. 85. Flowers small, white, sweet-scented. Fruit reddish, and are eaten by birds. The whole plant, when drying in the shade, diffuses a pleasant permanent scent as well as the following. Tree Glycosmis. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1796. Tree 20 feet. 2 G. PENTAPHY'LLA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 538.) leaflets 5, ovate, quite entire, Tj . S. Native of Coromandel. Limonia penta- phylla, Retz. obs. 5. p. 24? Roxb. cor. 1. t. 84. Flowers AURANTIACE^:. XI. GLYCOSMIS. XII. FERONIA. XIII. . XIV. CITRUS. 587 small, white, very fragrant. Fruit red, about the size of a small cherry, and which are eaten by birds. Five-leaved Glycosmis. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1790. Sh. 6 ft. Cult. These trees will succeed well in a mixture of turfy loam and peat, with the addition of a little rotten dung. Ri- pened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XII. FERO'NI A (Feronia, the goddess of the forests). Cor. in Lin. soc. trans. 5. p. 224. D. C. prod. 1. p. 538. LIN. SYST. Dccandria, Monogynia. Flowers usually poly- gamous. Calyx flat, 5-toothed. Petals 5, oblong, spreading. Stamens 10, rarely 11, with filaments which are villous, dilated, and connected at their bases, and oblong, erect, tetragonal anthers. Ovary seated on an elevated disk, crowned by an elliptic-globose sessile stigma. Berry baccate, 5-celled ; cells many-seeded ; seeds imbedded in spongy pulp. Trees and shrubs with impari-pinnate leaves and racemose flowers. 1 F. ELEFHA'NTUM (Corr. 1. c. Roxb. cor. 2. t. 141.) leaflets 5-7, obovate, sessile, crenulated, shining ; common petiole with a narrow, smooth margin. 17 . S. Native of Coromandel, in woods on the mountains. Spines simple. Leaves smooth. Panicle small, axillary, or terminal. Flowers white with reddish anthers. Fruit large, about the size of an apple with a greyish rind ; the pulpy part is universally eaten on the coast of Coro- mandel. The wood is white, hard, and durable. There is a transparent liquor which exudes from the stem when cut or broken, which is useful for mixing with painters' colours. Elephant Apple. Clt. 1804. Tree 30 feet. 2 F. PELLU'CIDA (Roth. nov. spec. p. 384.) leaves full of pellu- cid dots ; common petiole round, pubescent. fj . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers white. Fruit eatable. PeMucid-dotted-leaved Elephant Apple. Tree 20 feet. Cult. These trees will thrive well in a mixture of turfy loam and peat ; and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XIII. jE'GLE (AtyXT/, Mgle, one of the Hesperides. The fable of the golden apple in the garden of the Hesperides is well known. The fruit of this tree is analogous to an orange). Corr. in Lin. soc. trans. 5. p. 222. B.C. prod. 1. p. 358. — Belou. Adans. fam. 2. p. 408. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx 3-5-lobed (f. 101. a.). Petals 3-5 (f. 101. 6.), spreading. Stamens 30-36, unconnected, with long, linear, mucronate anthers (f. 101. c.) Stigma almost sessile. Fruit baccate, at length woody, turbi- nately globose, many-celled (f. 101. rf.) ; cells many-seeded. Seeds imbedded in fleshy mucous pulp. Auricles of cotyledons very short (Mirb.). Shrubs with simple and double spines and trifoliate leaves ; leaflets toothletted. 1 IE. MA'RMELOS (Corr. 1. c. Roxb. corom. 2. t. 143.) middle leaflet stalked ; fruit 1 5-celled. fj . S. Native of the mountainous parts of Coromandel and elsewhere in the East Indies. Cratae'va Mar- melos, Lin. spec. 637. The fruit is much larger than that of Feronia elephdnlum, and is very delicious to the taste ; and exquisitely fra- grant. It is not only nutritious, but possesses an aperient quality which is particularly serviceable in habitual costiveness ; it contains a large quantity of exceedingly te- nacious transparent gluten, which may be drawn out, when fresh, into fine threads 2 or 3 yards in length. From the rind the FIG. 101. Dutch in Ceylon prepare a perfume. The flowers are disposed in axillary and terminal panicles ; they are white, and very fragrant. Marmelos Bengal Quince. Clt. 1759. Shrub 10 ft. 2 JE. SEPIA'RIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 538.) leaflets obovate- oblong, obtuse, sessile ; lateral ones smallest ; fruct 7-celled. Tj . S. Native of Japan. Citrus trifoliata, Lin. spec. 1101. — Ssi. Ksempf. amcen. 801. t. 802. Flowers axillary, solitary, white. Pulp of fruit glutinous, ungrateful to the taste, but possessing a laxative aperient quality. This shrub forms strong hedges in Japan, from its long, stiff, sharp thorns. Hedge Bengal Quince. Shrub 8 feet. Cult. These shrubs thrive best in a rich loamy soil ; ripe cuttings, not deprived of any of their leaves, will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XIV. "CITRUS (it is supposed that this genus has derived its name from the town of Citron in Judea, but it is very doubtful.) Lin. gen. no. 1218. D. C. prod. 1. p. 539. LIN. SYST. Polyadelphia, Polyandria, or Polyandria. Mono- gynia. Calyx urceolate, 3-5-cleft. Petals 5-8. Stamens 20- 60, with compressed filaments, which are more or less connected together at the base into many bundles, or free. .Anthers oblong. Style cylindrical, crowned by a hemispherical stigma. Fruit baccate, 7-12-celled ; cells many-seeded, full of pulp, spermaderm, membranous. Auricles of cotyledons very short. Evergreens, trees, or shrubs, with axillary spines and simple leaves, with their petioles usually winged. Flowers white and exquisitely fragrant but heavy. Fruit with a yellow rind, and soft, usually delicious pulp. This genus contains the orange, lemon, lime, and shaddock. Citrus is the most striking of fruit-bearing trees, and must have attracted the notice of abo- riginal man long before other fruits of less beauty but of more nutriment or flavour. The golden apples of the heathens and the forbidden fruit of the Jews are supposed to allude to this genus, though it is remarkable that we have no authentic records of any species of Citrus having been known ; certainly none were cultivated by the Romans. Dr. Sickler, who spent 6 years in Italy, and paid great atten- tion to the kinds and culture of the Citrus tribe, published at Weimer in 1815, a quarto volume called Vollkommene Orangerie- Gartner, in which he describes 74 sorts. He arranges the whole into 2 classes, and these classes into divisions and subdivisions, without regard to their botanical distinctions or species, as fol- lows: ,-Cedrates or Citrons 4 sorts. ^-Round Lemons 6 do. I Pear-shaped do. 1 1 do. T } Cylindrical do. 4 do. Lemons. < 'nS> ) Gourd-shaped do. 2 do. / Wax do. 5 do. vLumies 8 do. Cedrate Lemons or Citronates ... 6 do. 'Limes 4 do. f Bitter Oranges 6 do. Oranges. •% Sour Oranges 6 do. t-Sweet Oranges 12 do. A short delineation of Dr. Sickler's treatise by Dr. Noehden will be found in Hort. trans, vol. 3. append., which is perhaps of more use for the Italian names of the varieties than for any other information it contains. In the districts towards the sea-coast in the south and south- west of Italy, especially about Sorento and Amalfii, you meet not only with groves of Orange and Lemon trees, but almost with forests. 1 C. ME'DICA (Risso, arm. mus. 20. p. 199. t. 2. f. 2.) branches spiny; petioles naked ; leaves oblong, obtuse ; flowers with 35-40 4 i 2 I 588 AURANTIACE^E. XIV. CITEUS. stamens, often without a style ; fruit oblong, wrinkled, with a thick rind, and acid pulp. Jj . G. Native of Asia, but has been cultivated from time immemorial in middle and south Europe, and now cultivated almost throughout the world. — Ferr. hesper. t. 59, 60-63. C. Medica Cedra, Gall. citr. p. 87. var. 1, 2-5-7. Rumph. amb. 2. t. 25 and 26. f. 2. Blackw. herb. t. 361. Young branches violet-coloured. Rind wrinkled, adhering to the pulp, possessing a sweet odour. Petals purplish on the outside. Pedicels axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered. The specific name Medica is said to be derived from Media, where it is said to have originally come from. This was the opinion of the Romans. The tree was cultivated in Italy before Virgil and Pliny. The wood was formerly used in making furniture by the Romans, as the Acasia is at this day. The fruit is often half a foot in length, ovate, with a protuberance at the tip ; usually 9-celled ; the pulp is white, and commonly acid ; the rind yellow, thick, hardish, odoriferous, irregular ; it is esculent, both raw and preserved. Properly there are two rinds ; the outer thin, with innumerable miliary glands, full of the most fragrant oil ; the inner thick, white, and fungous ; the partitions consist of two very thin diaphanous, membranaceous plates, connected at the axis, and inserted into the rind at the pere- phery ; the cells are filled with a bladdery pulp. In each cell are a few seeds, commonly 1 or 2, sometimes 3 or 4. Risso gives the following description of this species : Branches spiny. Pedicels bear about 10-flowers, disposed in a corymb, the greater part of them sterile. The calyx is 5- toothed, covered on the outside with protuberances, and streak- ed with a few reddish nerves. The flowers are large, purple without and white within, usually of 5 petals, which are oval- oblong, with 40 or 50 stamens, with flat unequal filaments, and yellow anthers. Pistil permanent, caducous, or wanting. The fruit is large and oblong, covered with protuberances, which are red when young, but of fine yellow colour when ripe ; the rind is spongy and thick, with a sweet odour, adhering closely to the pulp, which is sparing and acid. Seeds oblong, with a reddish pellicle. It is called Cedrat (Fr.), Cedrot (Ital.), Sedrou (Nice), Citron (Eng.), Cedreiro (Brazil). The fruit of the Citron is seldom eaten raw, but is generally preserved and made into confections, which being kept till winter and spring, when there is a scarcity to furnish out the desert, is the more valuable ; but unless the season be warm, and the trees well managed, the fruit rarely ripens in England. The finest fruit that ever was produced in England, was in the garden of his Grace the late Duke of Argyle, at Whitten, where the trees were trained against a south wall, through which there were flues for warming the air in winter, and glass covers to put over them when the weather began to be cold. Thus the fruit was as large as it is in Italy or Spain. The Citron is a native of the warm regions of Asia. Being introduced into Europe from Media, it had the name of Malus Medica. It seems to have come into Italy after the age of Virgil and Pliny, but before that of Palladius (Lin.), who ap- pears first to have cultivated it with any success there (Virg. 136. qu. ed.) According to Haller, the Median apple described by Theophrastus is certainly a sort of orange (Bibl. bot. 32.), which fruit, according to Athenaeus, first travelled into Greece from Persia (Evelyn), and in time became known to the Greeks, and about the same time it began also to be cultivated in Judea. If the Median apple be the orange, the tristes sued of Virgil, and the acres medulla: of Palladius, it must have been much cor- rected by culture ; the latter author, Theophrastus, and Pliny, all speak of it as not eatable, though they celebrate its medicinal qualities far above its desert. It has been conjectured by many commentators, from the cir- cumstance of Jews at the present day carrying Citrons to the Feast of the Tabernacles, that it was the fruit (" Hadar") spoken of in the 23d chap. 4th ver. of the Book of Leviticus. In old Samaritan coins Citrons may be observed attached to the palm on one side. Josephus mentions a custom of great antiquity. Thus on one occasion, when Alexander the king and the high priest stood at the altar, the people revolted, and threw at him the Citrons they bore in their hands. It is, however, probable, that no particular fruit was alluded to, and it was not until the days of Solomon that Citrons became known. There are 3 varieties of the Citron enumerated by Risso in ann. du. mus. 20. p. 199 and 200. which are as follows : 1 Large Citron (Engl.), Gros Sedrou (Nice), Cedrat a gros fruit (Fr.), Cedrone (Ital.). Citrus Medica fructumaximo (Risso). Fruit large, wrinkled, copper-coloured, with a very thick rind and acid pulp. Vole. p. 1 19. Gal. p. 98. no. 2. The principal differ- ence which separates this variety from the species is the great size of its fruit. The leaves are oval-oblong and thick, of a glaucous green-colour. The flowers are large, white, and numerous ; the stamens are much longer than the pistil. The fruit is large, with a thick rind, adhering closely to the pulp, which is a little acid. 2 Monstrous Citron (Engl.), Cedro monstruoso (Ital.), Sedrou (Nice), Cedrat monstrueux (Fr.), Citrus Medica tuberosa (Risso). Fruit monstrous, mucronated, yellow, with acid pulp. Ferr. hesp. 3S7. Vole. p. 162. Gal. p. 100. no. 5. From the tuber- cles and teats, which ordinarily cover the fruit, the name is derived. The leaves are large, usually curled, and of a dark- green colour, placed on short petioles. The flowers are dis- posed in a corymb. The fruit is roundish oval, of a dark-yellow colour, usually terminating in a short point at the apex ; the rind is thick, and is covered with large tubercles, which even penetrate to the middle of the pulp, which is acid, and does not contain any seeds. 3 Florence Citron (Engl.), Cedratello di Firenze (Ital.), Ce- drat de Florence (Fr), Citrus Medica Florenttna (Risso). Fruit small, ovate, acuminated, very sweet-scented, with a thick yel- low rind and acid pulp. Vole. p. 133. Desf. p. 138. Gal. p. 103.no. 7. This variety is a very pretty tree. The branches are spiny and green. The leaves are oval-oblong, toothed, and pointed, of a glaucous-green colour. The flowers are disposed in a tuft at the summits of the branches. The calyx is 5-toothed. The corolla is composed of 5 or 8 petals, which are tinted with violet on the outside. Stamens from 30 to 36, with twisted filaments, which are as long as the pistil. The fruit is ovate, gradually tapering to the apex into a point ; the rind is thick, of a clear yellow colour, with a sweet scent, and covered with a few tubercles ; the pulp is divided into 8-cells, and is truly acid. The Portuguese had many of the most curious sorts of Lemons and Citrons, brought from the Indies formerly, which seemed to thrive almost as well there as in their native soil, and yet they have not been increased. There are a few trees still re- maining in some neglected gardens near Lisbon, almost un- noticed by the inhabitants (Martyn). The Lemon was first cul- tivated in Britain in the botanic garden at Oxford in 1648. (Hort. kew). The useful parts of the Lemon and Citron are the juice and the outward rind of the fruit, and the volatile oil of the outer rind. The juice of Lemons is analogous to that of the Orange, from which it only differs in containing more citric acid, and less syrup. The quantity of the former is indeed so great that the acid has been named from the fruit, acid of Lemons, and is always prepared from it. The simple expressed juice will not keep on account of the syrup, extractive mucilage, and water, which cause it to ferment. The yellow peel is an elegant aro- matic, and is frequently employed in stomachic tinctures and in- fusions ; and yields by expression or distillation with water an essential oil, which is much used in perfumery. Fresh Lemon- AURANTIACE.E. XIV. CITRUS. 589 juice is truly specific in the prevention and cure of scurvy ; that is, its effects are certain, and cannot be explained, for the crys- talized acid, and even the rob or inspissated syrup, do not pro- duce the same salutary effects. It is given freely mixed with water and sugar, and in a short time the symptoms disappear. The juice is also a powerful and agreeable antiseptic. Its powers are much increased, according to Dr. Wright, by saturating it with muriate of soda. This mixture he recommends as possess- ing very great efficacy in dissentery, remittent fevers, the belly- ache, putrid sore-throat, and as being perfectly specific in dia- betes and lienteria. Citric-acid is often used with great success for allaying vomiting ; with this intention it is mixed with car- bonate of potass, from which it expels the carbonic acid with effervescence. This mixture should be drank as soon as it is made, or the carbonic acid gas, on which its anti-emetic power chiefly depends, may be extricated in the stomach itself, by first swallowing the carbonate of potass dissolved in water, and drinking immediately afterwards the acid properly sweetened. The doses are about a scruple of the carbonate dissolved in 8 or 10 drachms of water, and an ounce of Lemon-juice, or an equi- valent quantity of Citric-acid. Lemon-juice, as well as Lime- juice, is also an ingredient in many pleasant refrigerent drinks, which are of very great use in allaying febrile heat and thirst. Of these the most generally useful is Lemonade, or diluted Lemon, or Lime-juice sweetened. (Duncan, edinb. disp. p. 309.) Median Apple or Citron. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1 648. Tree 8 to 15 feet. 2 C. LIME'TTA (Risso, ann. mus. 20. p. 195. t. 2. f. 1.) pe- tioles subalate ; leaves ovate-roundish, serrated ; flowers with 30 stamens; fruit 'globose, with a blunt nipple-like protuberance at the apex, a firm rind, and sweet pulp. Tj . G. Native of Asia, but cultivated in Italy. C. Medica Limon, Gal. citr. no. 10, 25-38. Ferr. hesp. t. 230. 395. 233. 321. Corolla white on both sides. This is commonly called Sweet Lime or Lemon, Bergamotte, Limeta, Peretta, Lima dolce, Lime douce, Limo dulcis, Limetta Bergamotta. A rather tall tree, with diverging branches. The corolla is of a fine white colour, and composed of 5 oblong petals, which are rounded at the apex, covered with small pores full of essential aromatic oil. There are also 7 varieties of this enumerated by Risso, which are as follows : 1 Small-fruited Sweet Lime (Engl.). Lemettier petit fruit. Petit Lime douce(Fr.\ Lima dolce piccolo (Ital.), Limeta picouna(Nice), Citrus Limetta fructu pumilo (Risso). Fruit small, somewhat depressed, crowned, of a yellow-greenish colour, with a very smooth rind and sweet pulp. This variety is cultivated in the gardens. It differs from the species to which it is analogous, in the tree being lower in stature, and in the leaves being more toothletted on the edge*. 2 Lemon-formed Sweet Lime (Engl.) Limettier limoniforme (Fr.), Limoun douce (Nice), Lima dolce (Ital.), Citrus Limetta limoniforme (Risso). Fruit roundish-oblong, copper-coloured, with a very sweet pulp. Ferr. 1. 3. ex. p. 227. t. 230. Vole. p. 159 and 160. This fine and rare variety has been confounded with the common Sweet Lime. From which it differs not only in the flowers and leaves, but in the form of the fruit, as well as in its juice and seeds. It is a much larger tree than the preceding variety. The calyx is reddish, and the corolla is of a beautiful white, bearing from 30 to 45 unequal stamens. The fruit is oblong-roundish, terminated by 2 protuberances, with a long navel-like protuberance, and the rind is of a dark yellowish- saffron colour. The rind is insipid. The pulp has a taste as sweet as sugar, and is very agreeable. The seeds are oblong, pointed at one end, but blunt at the other. The tree is very rare in the gardens. 3 Starry Sour Orange (Engl.), Limettier a fruit eloile. Mella Rose (Fr.), Melarosa (Ital.), Metarosa (Nice), Citrus Limetta fructu, stellato (Risso). Fruit subrotund, depressed, striated, crowned, containing acid pulp. Ferr. hesp. p. 393. t. 395. Volc.p. 190, 191. Gal. p. 141. no. 38. This tree is of ordi- nary size. The calyx is short. The corolla is small and white, with 30 unequal stamens, which sometimes change into lanceo- late petals. The fruit is round, of a yellow colour, crowned by a small, blunt, nipple-like protuberance ; the rind is thin, adher- ing closely to the pulp. The seeds are oval and striped. 4 Bergamote Lime (Engl.), Lemettier Bergamote, Ber- gamote (Fr.), Bergamota (Nice), Bergamoto (Ital.), Citrus Limetta Bergdmium (Risso). Leaves ovate, acute, toothed ; fruit golden, quite smooth, with an acid and bitter pulp. Vole, p. 155 and 156. Desf.p. 138. Gal. p. 118. no. 25. The branches are spiny. The leaves are large, on long petioles. The flowers are white, and have a particular scent, composed of 4 or 5 petals, with about 26 stamens. The fruit is large and spherical, of the form of a pear, terminated by a small nipple-like protu- berance ; the rind is thin, of a golden-yellow colour, enclosing an acid and equally bitter pulp. The seeds are oblong. 5 Pear Lemon (Engl.), Limettier Perette (Fr.), Peret- ta (Ital.), Pereta (Nice), Citrus Limetta Peretta (Risso). Fruit ovate, ribbed lengthwise, very sweet-scented, with an acid pulp. Ferr. hesp. p. 231. t. 233. This variety is easily distinguished by the fruit being in the form of a pear. The branches are straight, and furnished with spines. The leaves are oval and rounded, and finely toothletted, on long stalks. The flowers are purplish on the outside, containing about 35 stamens. The fruit is of a fine yellow colour, and is traversed longitudinally with stripes, which are not very apparent, and ter- minated by a small, sharp, nipple-like protuberance, of an agree- able odour ; the rind is thick, and the pulp is acid. 6 Adam Apple (Engl.), Limettier pomme d'Adam, Pomme d'Adam (Fr.), Porno d'Adamo (Ital.), Citrus Limetta pomum Adami (Risso, 1. c.) Leaves ovate-oblong, curled ; petioles winged ; fruit very large, round, of a greenish-colour, with a sweet pulp. Ferr. hesp. p. 317. t. 321. Vole. p. 181, 182. Desf. p. 138. Gal. p. 138. This variety will form a distinct s'pe- cies at some future day. The branches are furnished witli very small spines, and are traversed longitudinally with white stripes. The leaves are oval-oblong, waved at the margins, of a dark-green colour, with broad winged petioles. The flowers are white, and contain about 40 stamens. Fruit with a thick rind and sweet but equally bitter and acid pulp. The varieties of this kind are called Lumies. 7 Rose Sweet Lime (Engl.), Limettier Pomme rose (Fr.), Mello rosa (Ital.), Poum roso (Nice), Citrus Limetta pomum rosce (Risso). Fruit roundish-oblong, usually pear-shaped, rough, of a pale-copper colour, very sweet-scented, with an acid pulp. Ferr. hesp. 231. t. 233. The branches of this variety are brittle and spiny. The" leaves are oval, toothletted, on long petioles, of a dark-green colour. The flowers are few in number, white, of 5 oblong petals, and about 30 stamens. The fruit is roundish- oblong, but often pear-shaped, of a saffron-yellow colour ; the rind is thick, hard, and of a very agreeable smell ; the pulp is divided into 10 cells, which contain acid juice. The seeds are less numerous than in the other varieties. 8 Limeira embiguda of Brazil. The fruit is large and glo- bular, and terminated by a large protuberance. The rind is thin and the flesh very sweet. They cultivate at Bahia a second variety of this orange under the name of Limeira de Persia ; it has a very large fruit, and is also terminated by a point ; the inside of the rind is bitter, and outside smooth. The pulp is very sweet. Sweet Lime and Lumy Fl. May, July. Clt. 1648. Tree 8 to 15 feet. 590 AURANTIACEjE. XIV. CITRUS. 3 C. JAVA'NICUM (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnoca. 1. p. 667.) petioles winged ; leaves oval, very blunt, unequally crenu- lated ; flowers with 22 stamens ; fruit oblong, with an obtuse point, with a thick rind and bitter pulp. Tj . S. Native of Java. Allied to C. Limetta. Java Lemon. Tree 20 feet. 4 C. LIMONUM (Risso, ann. mus. 20. p. 201.) petioles some- what winged ; leaves oval-oblong, crenulated ; flowers with 25-35 stamens, but usually without styles ; fruit oblong, with a very thin rind, and very acid pulp. (j . G. Native of Asia, but cultivated in the south of Europe, and most parts of the world within the tropics. Citrus Medica Limon, Gal. cit. 1 05. exclusive of the varieties under no. 2. — Ferr. hesp. t. 247, 211, 253, 223, 229, 293, 255, 265, 105, 225, 207, 243, 219, 301, 307, 215. C. Limon, Lin. Mill. Petals purplish on the outside. Branches violet. Racemes axillary. Fruit ovate, with a yellow rind, adher- ing to the pulp. It is commonly called Citron (Ital.), Limone (Fr.). The most remarkable varieties in the English gardens are, 1 Common Lemon. 2 Pear-shaped Lemon. Fruit small, with very little juice. 3 Imperial Lemon. The fruit of this variety is sometimes imported from Italy, but not from Spain or Portugal. 4 Furrowed Lemon. 5 Childing Lemon. 6 Dou- ble-flowered Lemon. 7 Broad-leaved Lemon. 8 Chinese Le- mon. 9 Rough-fruited Lemon. 10 Smooth-leaved Lemon. 11 Gold and Silver-striped Lemon. 12 Upright Lemon. 13 Warted- fruited Lemon. 14 St. Helena Lemon. Browne men- tions this variety as having been introduced into Jamaica, and much cultivated there, on account of its large fruit, which fre- quently yields about a pint of juice. 15 Fingered Lemon. In China and other parts of the East, they have a remarkable variety of Lemon or Citron, which has a solid fruit, without any cells or pulp, and divided above the middle into 5 or more long round parts, a little crooked, and having the appearance of the human hand, with the fingers a little bent, whence the Chinese call it Phat thti, or Fingered Lemon. Risso gives the following description of the species : The stem is straight, and much branched, hairy and spiny, covered with a clear grey bark; the branchlets are violet. The leaves, are petioled, oblong, acuminated, and toothed, of a yellowish-green colour, beset with small transparent points. The petioles are long, with a leafy border, which is lengthened out even to the base. The calyx is permanent and quinquefid, of a violet colour, seated upon a long pedicel. The corolla is of 5 petals, which are of a reddish-purple on the outside, but white on the inside, with a heavy penetrating odour. The stamens are unconnected, long, and about 36 in number, with yellow anthers. The pistil is reddish. The fruit is small, egg-shaped, of a saffron-yellow colour, terminated by a nipple-like protuberance ; the rind.is thin, but compact, adhering closely to the pulp, which is divided into 10 cells, containing very acid juice. The seeds are oblong and yellowish. Fruit egg-shaped, terminated by a small blunt nipple-like point. 1 Thin-rinded Lemon (Engl.), Limonier a scarce fine (Fr.), Limone lustrato (Ital.), Limoun scorsofino (Nice), Citrus Limb- num cortice tenui (Risso, 1. c.) Fruit ovate, very smooth, with a thin rind and very acid pulp. Tour. inst. p. 321. Gal. p. 111. n°- 9- .The difference which separates this variety from the species is its being less branched, and these destitute of spines, and in the leaves being more oval, toothed, larger towards the summit, and diminishing gradually towards the base, as well as in the flowers being more numerous, and the petals being larger. Fruit roundish, egg-shaped, very smooth and shiny, of a beauti- ful greenish-yellow colour ; the rind is very thin and sweet- scented ; the pulp is very considerable, full of an agreeable acid juice. Seeds small, but often wanting. 2 Naples or Common jLzme^Engl.), Limonier de Calabre (Fr.), Limoncello di Napoli (Ital.), Limouncello (Nice). Lima, Macf. in Hook, bot. misc. pt. 3. p. 300. Flowers very white ; fruit small, globose, with a thin sweet-scented rind and acid pulp. Ferr. hesp. p. 209. t. 211. Vole. p. 144. Gal. p. 120. no. 16. This is a beautiful variety, with spiny elongated branches, younger branches of a greenish-red. Leaves oval-roundish, on short petioles. Flowers of 5 or 6 oblong, pointed petals, with about 25 stamens. Fruit small, round, of a pale-yellow colour, with a thin but firm aromatic rind and acid pulp, usually without seeds. 3 Streaked Lemon (Engl.), Limonier canelle (Fr.), Limone in- canellato (Ital.), Limoun raiat (Nice), Citrus Limbnum striatum (Risso). Fruit ovate, channelled, with a thick rind and acid pulp. Ferr. hesp. p. 245. t. 247. Vole. no. 9. In spite of the opinions of many authors that the varieties of Limes do not retain their cha- racters for any length of time, this variety, according to Risso, has retained its character since the time of Ferrari without any change, in spite of the difference of climate and soil to which it has been transplanted. Tree branched ; branches brittle, beset with small points. Leaves oval-roundish, toothletted, of a pale- green colour. Flowers solitary, composed of 4 petals. Fruit striped lengthwise, and terminated by a small nipple-like process, with the rind rather thick ; the pulp is divided into 9 or 10 cells, full of an acid juice. Seeds not very numerous. 4 Sbardonius's Lemon or Round Lime (Engl.), Limonier de Sbardonius(Fr.), Limone Sbardonio (Ital.), Limoun rount (Nice), Citrus Limonum Sbardonii (Risso). Leaves oblong, acute, wrinkled ; fruit ovate-roundish, wrinkled, with an acid pulp. Ferr. hesp. p. 251. t. 253. This variety is named in honour of the director of the botanic garden at Rome by the celebrated Ferrari. Principal branches grey. Leaves oblong, thin, tooth- ed, pointed, of a dark-green colour, on rough petioles. Flowers of 4 large petals and 4 small ones, white inside, but reddish on the outside, with about 50 stamens. Fruit roundish-oval, rough, of a fine clear yellow colour, and furnished with tubercles to- wards the peduncle, and terminated by a nipple-like protuber- ance, which is crowned by the usually permanent style ; the rind is rather thick; the pulp is divided into 10 or 12 cells, full of an acid juice. Seeds roundish-oval. 5 Incomparable Lemon (Engl.), Limonier incomparable (Fr.), Limone incomparabile (Ital.), Limoun gros (Nice), Citrus Limb- num incompardbile (Risso). Fruit large, roundish-ovate, with a thin, very smooth rind and acid pulp. Ferr. hesp. p. 221. t. 223. In spite of the distinctive characters which Ferrari had given to this variety, the name has fallen into oblivion. Branches reddish. Leaves oblong, pointed, large, on long petioles. Flow-ers usually 2 to 4 upon the same pedicel, with a rough calyx, small petals, and about 30 very long stamens. Fruit roundish-oval, very large, of a clear yellow colour, terminated by a small, blunt, nipple-like protuberance ; the rind is rather thick ; the pulp is very considerable, divided into 1 0 cells, full of an acid juice. Seeds oblong. 6 Small-fruited Lime (Engl.), Limonier a petit fruit (Fr.), Limotte picollo (Ital.), Limoun gallo (Nice), Citrus Limbnum fructu pusillo (Risso). Ferr. hesp. p. 209. t. 211. The name that has been given to this variety is sufficient to distinguish it from all others. Branches a little spiny. Leaves small, oblong, pointed, on long petioles. Flowers usually scattered, with small petals, which are purplish on the outside, but white on the inside. Fruit round, very small, of a greenish-yellow colour ; the rind is rather thick ; the pulp is divided into 9 cells, full of rather acid pulp. 7 Caly Lime (Engl.), Limonier Caly (Fr.), Limone cerceli (Ital.), Limoun Cali (Nice), Citrus Limonum Caly (Risso). This AURANTIACE^E. XIV. CITRUS. 591 variety resembles the preceding, and the Calabrian Lime, but is easily distinguished from both by its greater size, and the branches only being furnished with a few very short spines, by the leaves being oval, on twisted petioles, yellowish, by the flowers being of 5 petals, reddish on the outside, and by the fruit being larger, perfectly round, and very smooth, of a beauti- ful yellow colour, terminated by a small nipple-like protuber- ance, with a thin rind, and the pulp is divided into 9 cells, which are full of an acid juice. Seeds egg-shaped. This variety is also distinguished from the Pusilla-pila of Ferr. hesp. t. 201. by the spines being shorter, the leaves more pointed, the fruit larger, with a thinner rind, and from the Barbadorus of Ferr. hesp. t. 259. by the leaves being shorter, the branches more spiny, and the fruit smaller. 8 Sweet Lemon (Engl.), Limonier a fruit doux (Fr.), Limone a frulto dolce (Ital.), Limoun san Bartolomea (Nice), Limueiro doce (Braz.), Citrus Limonum pulpa dulcl (Risso). Ferr. hesp. p. 227. t. 229. Fruit ovate-oblong, with an incurved point and sweet pulp. This variety is not to be confounded with the Lemon-shaped Sweet Lime, nor with the Lemon-shaped Orange. It presents a different appearance to both. Leaves oblong, point- ed, rather deeply toothletted towards the summit, but entire to- wards the petiole, which is very long. Flowers of a beautiful white colour, slightly tinged with red on the outside, very odori- ferous. Fruit oval-oblong, smooth, terminated by a long nipple- like point, which is sometimes curved ; the rind is very thin, of a beautiful yellow colour ; the pulp is divided into 8 cells, full of a sweet juice. Seeds oblong. 9 Poncine Lemon (Engl.), Limone Ponz'mo (Ital.), Limonier Poncine (Fr.), Limoun Pounsino (Nice), Citrus Limonum Pouzl- num (Risso). Fruit large, globose, with an incurved point and acid pulp, without seeds. The Poncine is cultivated in some gardens in the south of Europe, and makes a very fine vigorous tree, full of spurs. Leaves oval-oblong, pointed, on short pe- tioles. Flowers usually collected together at the summit of the branches. Fruit very large, terminated by a small, curved, nipple-like protuberance, of a beautiful yellow colour, at matu- rity, traversed lengthwise by lines, which are a little elevated, which renders it somewhat rugged ; the rind is very thick ; the pulp is divided into 11 cells, full of an acid juice, without seeds. This variety is only cultivated for curiosity. 10 Rosoli Lemon (Engl.), Limonier Rosolin (Fr.), Limone Rosolino (Ital.), Limoun san Gerorme (Nice), Citrus Limonum Rosolinum (Risso). Ferr. hesp. p. 251. t. 255. Leaves large, elongated, thick, slightly toothletted, on long winged petioles. Flowers collected together in bunches. Fruit very large, round, a little oblong, traversed lengthwise by warted stripes, of a deep- yellow colour, mixed with green, terminated by a nipple-like point, which is usually curved, with a very thick tender rind, of an insipid taste, adhering firmly to the pulp, which is very in- considerable, considering the size of the fruit, full of feeble acid juice. 1 1 Small Cedrate Lemon (Engl.), Limonier petit Cedrat (Fr.), Limone Cedrino (Ital.), Limoun Sedrin (Nice), Limueiro Francez (Braz.), Citrus Limbnum Citratum pumilum (Risso). Fruit ovate, smooth, shining, with a pulp containing little acid. Tree small. Leaves small, green on one side, but yellowish on the other. Flowers ordinarily grow in pairs, violet on the outside, with a 4-cleft calyx, and the stamens are usually shorter than the pistil. Fruit egg-shaped, covered with sunk points, of a shining-yellow colour, terminated by a small, blunt, nipple-like protuberance, containing a faint tasted, rather acid pulp. 12 Bignette Lime (Engl.), Limonier Bignette (Fr.), Limone Bignetta (Ital.), Bignetta comuna (Nice), Citrus Limbnum Bignetta (Risso). Fruit ovate, smooth, of a greenish-yellow colour, blunt at the apex, with an acid pulp. There is a variety of this sort, which is used in sauces, and to make lemonade, in Brazil under the name of limueiro azedo. The fruit is very small, and resembles a citron in form ; the rind is smooth and green. 13 Large-Jruited Bignette Lemon (Engl.), Bignette a gros fruit (Fr.), Bignetta grossa (Ital.), Bignetta (Nice), Citrus Limbnum Bignetta fructu maxima (Risso). Fruit large, ovate, shining, pale-yellow, with acid pulp. This tree is also known under the name of Bignette, but it should not be confounded with the preceding variety ; it is a much more majestic tree. The leaves are more developed, roundish-oval, toothletted, of' a beautiful shining green, mixed or spotted with yellow, traversed by large nerves beneath ; the flowers are larger, and slightly tinged with purple, with the stamens united at the base by twos or threes, for the most part sterile ; the fruit is egg-shaped, smooth, and shining, without any nipple-like process, of a pale greenish-yellow colour, two or three times larger than the com- mon Bignette, and less abundant in juice. The culture of this tree is almost abandoned, on account of the fruit which seldom comes to maturity. 14 Cedrate Lemon (Engl.), Limonier Cedrin (Fr.), Limone Cedrino (Ital.), Limoun Sedrou (Nice), Citrus Limbnum Citra- tum (Risso). Fruit round, smooth, with a long acute point. Ferr. hesp. p. 266. t. 263. The characters which separate this from all the other varieties are its long pale-green leaves, which are deeply toothletted, and traversed by small, hardly apparent nerves, and the large flowers composed of 3 or 4 petals, which are coloured with red on the outside, and are borne on long slen- der peduncles, as well as in the fruit being large, of a very shining greenish-yellow colour, terminated by a very long nip- ple-like point, with a thick rind and slightly acid pulp, without seeds. * Fruit oblong, terminated by a large nipple-like point, 15 Wax Lemon (Engl.). Limonier Ceriesc (Fr.). Limone seriesco (Ital.). Limoun seriesc (Nice). Citrus Limbnum ce~ riescum (Risso). Fruit ovate-oblong with a thick rind and grateful acid pulp. Tourn. inst. p. 621. Vole. p. 163. and 164. Desf. tab. de 1'eco. de bot. p. 138. Gall. p. 110. no. 8. Of all the varieties this is the most generally cultivated, next to the common Bignette, on account of the abundance of fruit which it produces every year. It is a vigorous tree, with large oblong-pointed leaves ; the flowers are situated on long pedun- cles ; the calyx is coloured like the petals. The fruit is variable in form, but generally oval-oblong, terminated by a point, with a thicker rind than that of the common Bignette, containing abundance of acid juice. 16 Gaeta Lemon (Engl.). Limonier de Gaete (Fr.). Limone di Gaeta (Ital.). Limoun Gaetan (Nice). Citrus Limbnum Gaietanum (Risso). Fruit oval, oblong, with a thick, eatable, wrinkled rind. Ferr. hesp. p. 233. t. 105. This tree, which bears beautiful fruit, differs essentially from all the other va- rieties. The leaves resemble those of the Laurel of Apollo, oblong, finely toothletted, acuminated. The branches are fur- nished with spines. The flowers are large and situated along the branches, composed of 9 linear, reflexed petals, sweet- scented, and of a purplish colour, with about 42 stamens, which are longer than the pistil. The fruit is long, oval-oblong, ter- minated by a large, blunt, nipple-like protuberance, with a thick sweet rind, and the pulp divided into 10 cells, full of an acid juice, and containing a very few small seeds. 17 Imperial Lemon (Engl.). Limonier Imperial (Fr.). Li- mone Imperiale (Ital.). Limoun gros (Nice). Citrus Limbnum Imperiale (Risso.). Fruit roundish-oblong, wrinkled, with a thick rind and rather acid pulp. Ferr. hesp. p. 221. t. 225. 592 AURANTIACE^E. XIV. CITRUS. The branches of this tree are thick and are furnished with spines. The leaves are large, oval-oblong, pointed or blunt, on short petioles. The flowers are composed of from 6-9 reflexed petals, with about 40 unequal stamens, which are usually about the length of the pistil. The fruit is oblong-roundish, terminated by a long navel-like protuberance, with a very thick, wrinkled, clear yellow rind; the pulp is divided into 10 cells, full of an acid juice, containing a few seeds. 18 Long-fruited Lime (Engl.). Limonier a fruit allonge (Fr.). Limone lungo (Ital.). Limoun nazellou (Nice). Citrus Limbnum elongatum (Risso). Fruit elongated, yellow, with a curved point and acid pulp. This is a beautiful variety, and is easily distinguished from the others by its tall straight branches, and by its large elliptical leaves, which are of a gay green colour, placed on thin petioles, which are a little twisted at the base. The flowers are composed of 5 purplish petals, with about 30 stamens. The fruit is long, usually terminated by a short curved point, with a thick, spongy, beautiful yellow rind, of an insipid taste ; the pulp is divided into 10 cells, full of acid juice, with- out any seeds. 19 Amalf, Lemon (Engl.). Limonier d'Amalfi (Fr.). Limone d'Amalji (Ital.). Limoun long (Nice). Citrus Limbnum Amal- phitanum (Risso). Fruit oblong, warted, with an elongated point and acid pulp. Ferr. hesp. 203. t. 207. This variety bears the name of the country where it has apparently been cul- tivated for the first time. It differs from the other varieties, in the fruit being longer and warted. The leaves are round, of a green mixed with yellow. The flowers are composed of 5, usually unequal petals, which are slightly tinged with purple, with about 40 stamens, bearing very long anthers. The fruit is long, straight, and rugged, terminated by a long, nipple-like point, with a rather thick dark-yellow rind ; the pulp is divided into 10 cells, full of a rather acid pulp, containing oblong seeds, which are pointed at one end. 20 Balotin Lemon (Engl.). Limonier Balotin (Fr.). Limone Balotino (Ital.). Limoun Baloutin (Nice). Citrus Limbnum Balotinum (Risso). Fruit oblong, with a thick, even, or rugged rind, containing a rather acid pulp. Desf. tab. de 1'ecol. de hot. p. 188. This variety cannot be confounded with any other in this series. The tree has a prickly appearance, with long branches. The leaves are oval-oblong, straight, serrated, and standing upon long yellow petioles. The flowers are 6-petalled, with the teeth of the calyx sharp. The fruit is roundish-oblong, lengthened towards the peduncle, and is terminated by a nipple- like point, with a rather thickish yellow rind which has an insipid taste ; the pulp is divided into 1 3 unequal cells, full of a sourish juice, without any seeds. 21 Clustered Lime (Engl.). Limonier a fruit en grappe (Fr.). Limone racemoso (Ital.). Limoun a bouquet (Nice). Citrus Limbnum racemdsum (Risso). Fruit rounded, oblong, with a curved point, with rather acid pulp. Ferr. hesp. p. 239. t. 243. The leaves are oval-oblong, pointed. The flowers are collected in corymbs, the corolla is long, and composed of 5 petals. The fruit in great number on each peduncle, oblong-rounded, ter- minated by a nipple-like point which is usually curved, with a thick, shining, clear yellow rind ; the pulp is full of sourish juice, containing a few oblong seeds. The variety is cultivated to a great extent in the south of Europe, on account of its bearing abundance of fruit all the year round. 22 Laura Lemon (Engl.). Limonier Lame (Fr.). Citrus Limbnum Laura (Risso). Fruit large, oblong, wrinkled, with a thick rind and acid juice. Ferr. hesp. 217. t. 219. The name given by Ferrari to this variety has been retained. The tree has a fine appearance ; the branches are furnished with some spines. The leaves are very long, thin, of a fine green colour, upon very long petioles. The flowers are very large. The fruit is oblong, rounded, very large, smooth or furnished with a few protuberances, terminated by a small point, with an agreeable scent ; the rind is very thick and compact, of a dark yellow colour, with a very agreeable taste, the pulp is whitish, divided into 1 1 cells, full of an acid juice, containing a few elongated seeds. 23 Citron Lemon (Engl.). Limonier cedrat (Fr.). Limone cedrato (Ital.). Limoun sedrou (Nice). Citrus Limbnum citra- tum (Risso). Ferr. hesp. p. 299. t. 301. Gal. p. 115. no. 12. The branches of this tree are covered with a smooth grey bark. The leaves are oval-oblong, pointed, on long petioles. The flowers are usually solitary. The fruit is very large, oblong, rounded, of a pale-yellow colour, traversed by warted nerves, which renders it very rugged, with a very thick firm rind and a very small quantity of pulp, which is divided into many cells, full of an acid juice, without seeds. 24 Two-teated Lemon (Engl.). Limonier a fruit a deux mame- lons (Fr.). Limone bicapezuollato (Ital.). Limoun pouncut (Nice). Citrus Limbnum fructu bipapillato (Risso). Fruit ovate-oblong, greenish-yellow, with two nipple-like points. Ferr. hesp. p. 233. t. 215. This variety is easily distinguished by the form of its fruit. The branches are furnished with some points. The leaves are oval-oblong, pointed, of a greenish-yellow colour. The rind of the fruit is very thin, and the pulp has a very agreeable acid taste. The following names occur in the English nurseries : — 1 The Common Lime. 2 Broad-leaved. 3 Chinese. 4 Weeping. 5 West India. The quality of limes and lemons are only to be judged by the quantity and acidity of their juice ; the juice of the lime is preferred in tropical countries to that of the lemon, as being more wholesome and agreeable ; mixed with water and sugar it is called lemonade. Its medical qualities are the same as those of the lemon, see p. 588 and 589. Lime-trees usually grow from 10 to 12 feet high, branching much from the base, and generally furnished with spines, therefore they are usually planted for fences as well as for their fruit in warm climates. Lemon and Lime. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1648. Tr. 8 to 20 ft. 5 C. PARADISI (Macfadyen, in Hook. hot. misc. pt. 3. p. 304.) leaves oval, rounded, crenulate, smooth ; petioles winged ; sta- mens 25 ; fruit large, subacid. Jj . G. Native ? Lomonier pomme (Fr.). Limone cedrato (Ital.). Limoun senso aigre (Nice). Citrus Limbnum Paradisi (Risso). Fruit ovate-oblong, with a very thick and very smooth rind, and hardly any pulp, but what there is, is rather acid. The flowers are large, composed of 4-7 unequal petals. The fruit pear-shaped, of a greenish-yellow colour, with a good-tasted very thick tender rind. In Jamaica there are two varieties of this species, the Barbadoes grape-fruit and the For- bidden-fruit ; the first possesses most of the sweet principle. Paradise Orange or Forbidden -fruit. Fl. May, July. Clt.? Tree 30 feet.^ 6 C. AURA'NTIUM (Risso, ann. mus. 20. p. 181. t. 1. f. 1, 2.) petioles almost naked ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate, with blunt point flower with 20-22 stamens ; fruit globose with a thin rind and sweet pulp. Tj . G. Native of Asia, but cultivated in the south of Europe as well as in all the warmer regions of the world. Citrus Aurantium Sinense, Gall. citr. 149. — Ferr. hesp. t. 427. 399. 401. and 385. Trunk naked at the bottom, but the branches form a tuft at the top. Petals white. Fruit of a golden colour. Commonly called Sweet Orange. The specific name is derived from aurus, gold, colour of fruit. As a desert fruit the orange is well known. The varieties most esteemed are the China, Portugal, and Maltese. The fruit is also used in confectionary, both ripe and when green and not larger than a pea, it forms various liquors and conserves, either alone or with sugars, wines, or spirits. In cooking it is used to perfume AURANTIACE&. XIV. CITRUS. 593 a number of dishes. It is used to form various perfumes and pomades, and the flowers distilled produce orange-water, used in cooking, medicine, and as a perfume, but the chief use of the sweet orange is for the dessert. There are 1 9 varieties of the orange enumerated by Risso. 1 Common Orange. Stem erect, branched, spiny ; leaves ovate, oblong, and acute, slightly crenulated on the margins, smooth, and of a dark-green colour, on long petioles. Pedun- cles axillary, solitary, smooth, each bearing from 2-6-flowers. calyx pale-green, 5-cleft. Petals 5, oval-oblong, terminated by a point, of a beautiful white colour, furnished with green glands. Stamens from 20-22, unequal, with the filaments united at their bases by fours. The fruit is round, smooth, of a beautiful golden colour, with a rather thick rind, and the pulp is divided into 9 or 11 cells, full of a sweet yellow juice. Seeds roundish. This tree bears exquisite fruit, which resists the cold, but it is at the same time but little cultivated in the south of Europe, on account of its not bearing well until it is about 25 or 30 years old, as well as because the fruit is apt in windy weather to come against the spines of the branches, which injures them, and there- fore renders them unfit to resist a long voyage. 2 Majorca Orange (Engl.). Granger de Majorque (Fr ). Aran- cio di Majorca (Ital.). Pourtegalie Majourkin (Nice). Citrus Aurantium Baledricum (Risso). Fruit globose, shining, with a thick rind and sweet pulp. Gall. p. 153. no. 30. The branches are furnished with spines at their base. The leaves are less than in the preceding tree, thicker, and more shining. The pe- duncles are very long, from 3-6-flowered ; they have a pleasant sweet smell. The fruit is globose, smooth, deeply coloured, and arrives very soon at maturity. It will keep a longer time than any of the other varieties ; the pulp is very sweet, and usually without seeds. This tree is not much cultivated, on account of its not being very productive. 3 China Orange (Engl.). Granger de la Chine (Fr.). Aran- ciojino (Ital). Pourtegalie de Malta (Nice). Citrus Aurantium Sinense (Risso). Ferr. hesp. p. 425. t. 427. Cornel, hesp. no. 8. Vole. p. 185 and 186. This is a very majestic tree. The leaves are oval-oblong, sometimes roundish, a little waved at the margins, of a pale-green colour, upon long petioles. The flowers are usually disposed in corymbs, these are situated upon the tops of the branches. The fruit is round, depressed, firm, weighty, of considerable diameter ; the rind is very thin, ad- hering closely to the pulp, which is very sweet. The seeds are oblong, with a curved point. This tree is much cultivated at Nice. The fruit is not so sensible to cold as the other va- rieties. 4 Nice Orange (Engl.). Granger de Nice, Granger a fruit doux(Fr.). Arancio dolce (Ital.). Pourtegalie noustral (Nice). Citrus Auruntium Nicae'nse (Risso, 1. c. pi. 1. f. 1.). Vole. p. 187 and 188. Desf. tab. de 1'ecol. de bot. p. 138. This orange, from the abundance of its fruit, forms a very lucrative produc- tion for the inhabitants of Nice. The leaves are oval-oblong, tapering gradually to a point, of a beautiful shining green, bearing in their axils a great quantity of bunches of sweet- scented flowers towards the months of March and April. The fruit is round, usually depressed at both extremities, firm, of a beautiful yellow colour, with a thin rind ; the pulp is divided into 10 or 12 cells, full of sweet and pleasant juice, and oblong seeds. This tree is generally cultivated. 5 Genoa Orange (Engl.). Granger de Genes (Fr.). Aran- cio di Genova (Ital.). Pourtegalie de Geneva (Nice). Citrus Aurantium Genuense (Risso). This tree is very large. The leaves are small, oval-oblong, pointed, of a fine dark green. The flowers are disposed in bunches, and are composed some- times of only 3 petals. The fruit is round, but sometimes oblong, commonly marked with a little ridge, which extends even to the middle of the rind, which is rather thick, and of a beautiful vot. i. — PART. vii. yellow colour ; the pulp is divided into 10 cells, full of a sweet juice. The seeds are yellowish. 6 Thick-rinded Grange (Engl.). Granger a fruit de la grosse ecorce, Granger a ecorce du fruit epaisse (Fr.). Arancio a frutto di corteccia spessa (Ital.). Pourtegalie bouffat (Nice). Citrus Aurantium cortecrasso (Risso). Fruit large, round, with a thick rind and sweetish pulp. The leaves of this variety are always of a beautiful green, usually collected in tufts at the tops of the branches. The flowers are very large. The fruit is very large, round, of a deep-yellow colour, with a very thick granu- lated spongy rind, adhering closely to the pulp, which is divided into 10 cells, some of these contain a few small seeds ; the juice is sweet and more watery than in the preceding varieties, which is the cause of the fruit not being easily preserved any length of time. This tree bears fruit well as an espalier, but is very little cultivated about Nice. 7 Teat-fruited Orange (Engl.). Granger a fruit mamelone (Fr.). Arancio scabroso (Ital.). Pourtegalie gibous (Nice). Citrus Aurantium gibbosum (Risso). Fruit round, with a sweetish insipid pulp. The tree is large, and very branchy. The leaves are usually curled. The fruit is round, of a reddish-yellow colour, covered with large protuberances, and its juice is never so sweet as the other varieties. 8 Small-fruited Orange (Engl.). Granger a petit fruit (Fr.). Arancio picciol frutto (Ital.). Pourtegalie gallo (Nice). Citrus Aurdntium microcdrpon (Risso). Many gardeners are of opinion that this variety was the first that was introduced to the south of Europe, but particularly about Nice. It differs from all the other varieties in the leaves being smaller, situated upon petioles, which are a little winged at the base. The flowers are collected into bundles at the tops of the branches, each containing about 26 stamens. The fruit is always very small, and of a pale-yellow colour, full of a sweetish juice. 9 Doubled/lowered Orange (Engl.). Granger a jleur double (Fr.). Arancio a fior doppio (Ital.). Pourtegalie ajlou doublo (Nice). Citrus Aurantium duplex (Risso). Frviit somewhat globose, usually fetiferous, with a sweet pulp. Vole. p. 201 and 202. Calv. no. 9. Gal. p. 159. no. 35. The leaves are large. The flowers are composed of from 6-10 petals. The pistil is usually divided into two parts at the top, each bearing a yellow stigma. The fruit is very different from the other varieties, as the pulp is formed of a double unequal range of cells, all of which are full of sweet juice. This tree is very little cultivated. 10 Malta Orange (Engl.). Granger a fruit rouge (Fr.) Arancio sanguigno (Ital.). Pourtegalie rouge (Nice). Citrus Aurantium Hierochunticum (Risso). Fruit globose with a thin rind and blood-coloured pulp. Till. 21. t. 16. Calv. no. 7. Ferr. hesp. p. 429. Gal. p. 156. no. 32. The fruit is of a golden colour, but becoming as red as blood at maturity ; the pulp is divided into 9 cells, full of very sweet juice and small seeds. 1 1 Compressed-fruited Orange (Engl.). Granger a fruit deprime (Fr.). Arancio a frutto compresso (Ital.). Pourtegalie galleto (Nice). Citrus Aurdntium fructu depresso (Risso). Fruit round, depressed, with a sweet pulp. The fruit of this variety is not much esteemed in commerce, on account of the depres- sion at the extremities. The trees are very large. The leaves are long oval. The flowers are collected into corymbs. The fruit is large and round, of a lively colour, with a smooth thick rind ; the pulp is divided into 10 or 12 cells, which contain but a small quantity of sweet juice but a great number of seeds. This tree is not much cultivated. 12 Ribbed-fruited Orange (Engl.). Granger a fruit a cote (Fr.). Arancio a frutto coslato (Ital.). Pourtegalie regat (Nice). Citrus Aurantium, fructu costato (Risso). Fruit ribbed, crowned by a point, with a sweetish pulp. The fruit is of a middle size, 4 G 594 AURANTIACE^E. XIV. CITRUS. with a thin rind of a dark-yellow colour ; the pulp is divided into 11 cells, full of an agreeable juice and a few small seeds. The flowers are smaller than in the other varieties. This tree is rather rare. 13 Smallest-fruited Orange (Engl.). Granger a fruit nain (Fr.). Aranclo nano (Ital.). Pourtegalie Chinet (Nice). Citrus Aurantium fructu minutissimo (Risso). Fruit very small ; leaves lanceolate, acute, suhalate ; pulp of fruit sweet. Ferr. hesp. p. 429. Vole. t. 2. p. 206, 207. Gal. p. 157. no. 32. This beautiful variety differs from all the other kinds, in its leaves being lanceolate, of a beautiful green, upon long subalate petioles. The flowers are small. The fruit is very small, about the size of those of the Bigaradier Chinois ; the rind is smooth, of a pale-yellow colour ; the pulp is divided into 7 cells, full of an agreeable acid juice. 14 Holly-leaved Orange (Engl.). Granger afeuille d'yeuse (Fr.). Arancio a foglia crispata (Ital). Pourtegalie crispat (Nice). Citrus Aurantium illicifdlium (Risso). Petioles awl- shaped ; leaves roundish, curled, toothed ; fruit somewhat ovate, very smooth, with a very sweet pulp. The appearance of this variety is very singular. The leaves are round, waved, curled, of a fine shining-green colour, yellowish beneath, with large, strong nerves, like those of the China Holly. The flowers are collected into isolated corymbs. The fruit is round, a little oblong, terminated by a small, nipple-like point at the summit, hollow in the middle ; the rind is thickish, of a pale-orange colour; the pulp is divided into 10 cells, full of a very sweet pulp, usually without seeds. This variety is very rare in the environs of Nice. 15 Eared-fruited Orange (Engl.). Granger a fruit dore et Granger dore (Fr.). Arancio dorato (Ital.). Pourtegalie dau- rat (Nice). Citrus Aurantium fructu aurato (Risso, 1. c. pi. 1. f. 2.) fruit ovate, eared, with a sweet pulp. This rare and beau- tiful variety is furnished with some spines ; the young shoots are reddish. The leaves are oval, long, of a fine shining-green above, but yellowish beneath. The calyx is tinged with purple. The corolla is whitish-yellow with about 30 stamens. The fruit is oval-round, of a golden-yellow colour, terminated by a small nipple-like point, with a very smooth rind ; the pulp is divided into 12 cells, full of an agreeable juice. Seeds few or wanting. 16 Ray-fruited Orange (Engl.). Granger a fruit rayi et Granger a fruit blanc (Fr.). Ariancio bianco (Ital.). Pourtegalie blanc (Nice). Citrus Aurantium fructu variegato (Risso). leaves ovate-oblong, sinuated, variegated with yellow; fruit globose, striped with yellow and green, with a somewhat sweet pulp. Ferr. hesp. p. 397. t. 399. Vole. p. 195. t. 196. The leaves have very long petioles. The flowers are composed of 5 long, blunt petals, with about 24 or 28 stamens. The fruit is globose, sometimes a little depressed, of a golden-yellow colour, traversed lengthwise with bands of green, which disappear at maturity ; the rind is rather thick ; the pulp is of a pale-yellow, of an agreeable sweet taste. This tree does not bear much cold. 17 Changeable-fruited Orange (Engl.). Granger a fruit changeant et Culotte de chien (Fr.). Calzoni di cane (Ital.). Braio de can (Nice). Citrus Aurantium fructu varidbili (Risso). Leaves narrow, spotted ; fruit oblong, green, striped, with a sweet and bitter pulp. Ferr. hesp. p. 397. t. 401. Tourn. R. H. p. 620. This is a very majestic tree. Petioles long. The flowers are collected in bunches with small petals, and about 24 short stamens. The fruit is oblong, pear-shaped, yellow, striped with bands of a reddish colour ; the rind is thick and bitter ; the pulp is sweetish. The seeds are striped. 18 Lime-shaped Orange (Engl.). Granger Limetiforme et Granger a fruit Limette (Fr.). Arancio frutto Limeta (Ital.). Pourtegalie Limetta (Nice). Citrus Aurantium limetiforme (Risso). Fruit oblong, sinuated, pointed, with a reddish sweet pulp. This is the tenderest of all the oranges we have mentioned. The tree is rather high. The leaves are of a yellowish-green. The fruit is globular, of a pale-yellow, longitudinally traversed by many sinuses from the base, and terminated by a small obtuse point. The rind is thin and the pulp is divided into 8 cells full of sweet juice. It is rare, and the fruit seldom comes to maturity. 1 9 Lemon-formed Orange (Engl.). Granger limoniforme (Fr.). Limone aranciato (Ital.). Limoun Pourtegalie (Nice). Citrus Aurantium limoniforme (Risso). Fruit roundish-oblong, with a sweet pulp. Ferr. 1. 3. p. 384. t. 385. Gal. p. 117. no. 14. The form of the fruit of this tree is that of a lemon, but the colour and taste of the fruit are those of an orange. The branches are hairy and spiny. The leaves are oval and finely denticulated, on short petioles. The flowers are usually in pairs ; the calyx is red and the corolla is very long and pointed, with 26-30 free stamens. The fruit is roundish-oblong, terminated by a short obtuse point, of a yellowish-green colour. The pulp is sweet, without seeds. In Brazil the following varieties of the orange are cultivated. Some of them are probably identical with some of those de- scribed above. 1 Larangeira seleta. This variety is obtained by grafting. Its rind is thin and smooth. The pulp is very delicious and sweet. This is probably the Navel-orange of Bahia, which is large and round, and terminated by a small protuberance, hence its name. It is considered one of the best oranges in that country. 2 Larangeira da China. This variety is very common all over Brazil. It is perhaps the common China orange. 3 Larangeira Tangerina pequena. The rind is very thin and smooth. The fruit is small. The pulp is reddish and of a very agreeable taste. 4 Larangeira Tangerina grande. In every respect the same as the preceding, but the fruit is much larger. 5 Larangeira seca. The fruit is sweet but it is not juicy. 6 Larangeira embeguda. The rind is incomplete and shining, it divides into 9 divisions at the top. The taste is very agree- able. It is common at Bahia, but it is also much spread over the rest of Brazil. The following names of oranges occur in the London nur- series ; many of them may be the same as those described above. I Common Orange. 2 Bloody-fruited. 3 Broad-leaved. 4 Large Bergamot. 5 Small Bergamot. 6 Cluster-fruited. 7 Curled-leaved. 8 Fine-leaved. 9 Laurel-leaved. 10 Lisbon. II Maltese. 12 Bloody Maltese. 13 Monstrous. 14 Narrow- leaved. 15 Spike-flowered. 1C Striped leaved, of various sorts. 17 Striped Willow-leaved. 18 Sweet-skinned. 19 Sweet China. 20 Tangiorana. 21 Thick-leaved. 22 Weep- ing. 23 Willow-leaved, &c. Sweet Orange. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1595. Tree 10 to SO ft. 7 C. VULGA'RIS (Risso in ann. mus. 20. p. 190.) petioles winged ; leaves elliptical, acuminate, crenulated ; flowers with 20 stamens ; fruit globose, with a thin, scabrous, or smooth rind, and a bitter acrid pulp. Pj . G. Native of Asia, but now cultivated in the south of Europe, America, and Africa. C. Aurantium I'ndicum. Gall. citr. 122. C. Bigaradia, Duh. ed. nov. 7. p. 99. Ferr. hesp. t. 409. 589. 391. 430. 433. C. Sinen- sis, Pers. ench. 2. p. 74. C. Aurantium, Ker. hot. reg. 346. C. Calot, Lag. gen. et spec. 17. Petal white. Risso gives the following description of the species. Stem erect ; branches spiny. The petioles have a wing in the form of a heart. The flowers are of 5 white petals on short pedicels. Stamens from 30 to 34, unequal, with flat filaments. Fruit round, rarely tubercled, of a dark-orange colour. The rind is sweet-scented. The pulp is divided into 12 or 14 cells, containing a bitter acid juice. AURANTIACE^E. XIV. CITRUS. 595 The seeds are oblong, of a yellow colour. Seville or Bitter Orange (Engl.). Bigaradier sauvage (Fr.). Citrone, Sour sylvatico (Ital.). Citroun sauvage (Nice). Ferr. 377. Vole. 186. Gal. 121. The juice of the Seville orange is used in medicine in febrile and inflammatory disorders, but that of the other sorts possesses the same qualities in a lesser degree. It is chiefly used for making marmalade, and a variety of other agreeable confections. The acid of oranges, Dr. Cullen observes, unites with the bile, takes off its bitterness, and may be useful in obviating disorders arising from its acidity. The qualities of the Seville orange are exactly the same as that of the lemon and lime. Orange-water is obtained from the flowers by distillation. 1 Common Seville Orange (Engl.). Granger bigarade (Fr.). 4ranciocitrone(Ita.\.). LimounSan Vincent (Nice). Citrus vulgaris (Risso). A tall tree with greyish bark, with the branchlets furnished with deciduous points at the base of the petioles. The leaves are oval-oblong, finely denticulated. The flowers are always disposed in terminal corymbs. The calyx is whitish and deeply 5-lobed. Petals 5, oblong. Stamens 30. The fruit is roundish-oblong, terminated by a large obtuse point, of a dark-yellow colour, with a few little protuberances. The rind is thick, adhering to the pulp, which is divided into 8 cells, full of an acid bitter juice, and does not contain any seeds. This tree bears flowers and fruit all the year round. 2 Horned Seville Orange (Engl.). Bigaradier cornu (Fr.). Citrone cornuto (Ital.). Sitroun daude (Nice). Citrus vulgaris corniculata (Risso). Fruit roundish, with a thick, wrinkled rind, mucronate. Ferr. p. 407. t. 409. This is a tall tree. The leaves are large, elliptical, of a dark-green colour. The flowers are usually disposed in pairs. The fruit is large, of a reddish- yellow colour, full of small tubercles, the pulp is divided into 10 or 14 cells, full of an acid bitter pulp, containing angular seeds. This variety is very generally cultivated in the south of Europe for its flowers, which are used in the composition called eau-de-Bigura.de, as well as for its fruit, which is used to season meat. 3 Banquette Bigarade or Bouquette Seville Orange (Engl.). Bigaradier bouquctier (Fr.). Citrone a foglia rizza (Ital). Bouquetie (Nice). Citrus vulgaris folio crispo (Risso). Leaves curled; fruit small, roundish, scabrous, containing an acid, rather bitter pulp. Ferr. p. 387. t. 389. Vole. p. 178 and 179. Gal. p. 131. no. 20. This is a small tree. It is thickly covered with leaves, which are oval-roundish, curled, and denticulated, on round almost wingless petioles. The flowers are axillary, 5 or 7 together, usually of 6 petals. The fruit is of a reddish- yellow colour, with a tubercled or wrinkled thick rind, scented like the lily of the valley, containing a very bitter acid pulp. 4 Many-flowered Seville Orange or Bigarade (Engl.). Biga- radier riche depouille (Fr.). Citrone a moltifiori (Ital.). Grand bouquetie (Nice). Citrus vulgaris multiflora (Risso). Many- flowered ; fruit globose, very smooth, containing an acid and bitter pulp. Desf. tab. de 1'ecol. de bot. p. IBS. This differs much from the preceding, not only in its larger size; but also in the disposition of the leaves, as well as in the great number of flowers which cover the plant all the year round. The tree emits short branches. The leaves are elliptic and denticulated, of a fine green colour ; the wings of the petioles are broad and heart-shaped. The flowers are in tufts at the extremity of the branches ; the corolla is white, usually of 5 petals, which are oval-oblong and recurved. The stamens are about 36 in number. The fruit is round, very large, of a dark reddish- yellow colour, with a very smooth rind ; the pulp does not adhere to the rind, and is divided into 10 cells. 5 Double-flowering Seville Orange or Bigarade (Engl.). Bi- garadier a fleur double (Fr.). Citrone flore doppio (Ital.). Bi- garado flou doublo (Nice). Citrus vulgaris florifer (Risso). Flowers double ; fruit globose or oblong, usually fetiferous, 1 containing bitter pulp. Ferr. p. 187. t. 391. Vole. 201 and 202. Gal. p. 129. no. 18. This tree resembles the horned Seville orange. The leaves are very smooth, and the wings of the petiole are rather narrow. The calyx is 8-cleft. The petals are 8-14, oblong. The fruit is middle-sized, varying in form, usually double, that is to say, containing one within the other. The {lowers are used as a perfume. 6 Spanish Seville Orange or Bigarade (Engl.). Bigaradier d'Espagne (Fr.). Citrone di Spagna (Ital.). Sitroun d'Espagna (Nice). Citrus vulgaris Hispanica (Risso). Leaves ovate- oblong, revolute, sinuated ; fruit large, round, wrinkled, with a sweet pulp. This tree is distinguished alone by its aspect. The branches and branchlets are very short. The leaves are oval, curled, and sinuated, of a clear green colour ; the wings of the petioles are broad and l:cart-shaped. The flowers are large, and have a scent resembling that of jasmine, of 5 elliptic petals. The fruit is large, round, and wrinkled or tubercled, of a pale reddish-yellow colour, with a thick rind which does not adhere firmly to the pulp, which is divided into 1 0 cells, full of a sweet bitterish pulp, and oblong seeds. 7 Wrinkled Seville Orange (Engl.). Bigaradier rugueux(Fr.). Citrone scabroso (Ital.). Serioutou dous (Nice). Citrus vulgaris rugbsa (Risso). Fruit small, mucronate, wrinkled, containing a sweet and bitter pulp. The branches are straight and the leaves are elliptic and undulated, of a dark shining-green, on long, winged, heart-shaped petioles. The flowers are in twos or threes, white, usually of 5 oblong petals. The fruit is round, of a pale-orange colour, with a thick wrinkled rind, furnished with protuberances at the summit, containing a sweet pulp, but it is rather bitterish. The seeds are pale-yellow. 8 Sweet-fruited Seville Orange or Bigarade (Engl.). Bigara- dier a fruit doux(Fr.'). Citrone fruttodolce(lta\.). Sitroun dous (Nice). Citrus vulgaris pidpd dulci (Risso). Fruit globose, smooth, with a thick rind, containing a sweet pulp. The leaves of this tree are pale-green, oval-oblong, standing upon long, winged petioles, and often furnished with spines at the base. The flowers are large, disposed in corymbs, of 5 petals and very sweet-scented. The seeds are round on this and the pre- ceding variety. 9 Smooth-fruited Bigarade (Engl.). Bigarade a fruit lisse (Fr.). Citrone liscio (Ital.). Serioutou unit (Nice). Citrus vulgaris glaberrimus (Risso). Fruit round, smooth, with a thin rind and bitter sweet pulp. This tree is not so much branched as the other varieties ; the leaves are oval-lanceolate, of a pale-green colour, standing on long, winged, heart-shaped petioles. The flowers are disposed singly, but sometimes in pairs on the summits of the branches. The calyx is 4-5-cleft, and the corolla is of 5 reflexed petals. The fruit is always solitary, of a pale-yellow colour, and the pulp is divided into 9 cells. The seeds are striated. 10 Chinese Bitter Orange or Bigarade (Engl.). Bigaradier Chinois (Fr.). Chinotto (Ital.). Chinet (Nice). Citrus vulgaris Chintnsis (Risso). Fruit small, spherical, containing a somewhat acrid, bitter pnlp. Ferr. t. 430. 433. Tourn. p. 620. Desf. tab. de 1'ecol. de bot. p. 138. Gal. p. 132. no. 21. The branches of this shrub are small and scabrous, covered with small lanceolate leaves, standing on short wingless petioles. The flowers are disposed in a kind of thyrse along the pedun- cles. The fruit is concave at the summit, of a reddish-yellow colour ; the rind is rather thick, and the pulp adheres but slightly to the rind. 1 1 Myrtle-leaved Orange (Engl.). Bigaradier Chinois a feuille de myrte or Chinois nain (Fr.). Nanino da China (Ital.). Chinet picoun (Nice). Citrus vulgaris myrtifolia (Risso). Fruit small, with an acid and bitter pulp. Ferr. p. 430. Gal. p. 134. no. 22. This variety never grows to a tree, but always remains a small shrub. The leaves are small, lanceolate, and 4 o 2 596 AURANTIACE^E. XIV. CITRUS. pointed, of a fine green colour, resembling those of the broad- leaved myrtle. The flowers are small and white, disposed in racemes along the branches, there are usually a great number on the same peduncle. The fruit is of the colour and form of the preceding, but rather smaller. \t Large-fruited Bigarade or Seville Orange (Engl.).^ Bi- garadier a gros fruit (Fr.). Citrone frulto grosso (Ital.). Gros sitroun dous (Nice). Citrus vulgaris fructu maxima (Risso). Fruit large, round, wrinkled, depressed, with a spongy rind, and rather sweet pulp. The leaves are very long, reclined, shining, undulated, of a dark-green, on long, winged petioles. The flowers are large and white, sweet-scented, disposed along the branches. The calyx is green, of 5 lobes. The corolla is com- posed of 4-6 petals. The stamens about 26 in number. The stigma is trigonal. The fruit is very large, of a reddish-yellow colour, with a very thick spongy rind, and the pulp is divided into 9 cells. Common Seville or Bitter Orange. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1595. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 8 C. DECUMA'NA (Lin. spec. 1100.) branches prickly; leaves oval, obtuse or emarginate, pubescent beneath : petioles with broad, cordate wings ; fruit large, with a thick rind, and red or white pulp ; stamens 30. Tj . S. Native of China and Japan, but now cultivated in South America. Pampel-moes, Rumph. amb. 2. t. 24. f. 2. The shaddock is called drancio Massmo by the Italians, and Granger Pampelmouse by the French. The fruit is very large and round, about the size of a large cannon-ball, about 10 or 14 pounds weight; rind even, of a greenish-yellow colour ; thick, fungous, and bitter ; pulp white or red : juice sweet or acid. It was first brought from China to the West Indies by Captain Shaddock, from whom it has derived its name. The shaddock is certainly the least useful of the species, and is cul- tivated chiefly for show. Where several sorts of oranges are pre- sented at the dessert it makes a striking addition to the variety. The fruit is of a subacid sweetness, excellent for quenching thirst, and from the thickness of its rind, will keep longer at sea than the fruit of any other species of Citrus. The Italians, according to Dr. Sickler, have one variety, the French, accord- ing to the Nouveau Cours, &c. have four kinds. In the En- glish nurseries the names of four occur, viz. 1 The Common Shaddock. 2 The Rough-fruited. 3 The Largest-fruited. 4 The West Indian. In Jamaica there are 2 varieties, 1 maliformis ; fruit globose, with white pulp ; 2 pyriformis, fruit pear-shaped, with red pulp. Zarg-e-fruited Orange or Shaddock. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1722. Tree 18 feet. t Species not sufficiently known. 9 C. HY'STBIX (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 97.) petioles with broad wings ; leaves ovate, hardly larger than the petioles ; branches very spiny. J? . S. Native of the East Indies. Lemo- ferus, Rumph. amb. 2. t. 28 ? Flowers and fruit unknown. Porcupine Orange. Clt.? Tree 10 feet. 10 C. SPINOSI'SSIMA (Meyer, esseq. 247.) petioles winged; leaves oval, crenated, bluntish at both extremities. ^ . S. Native of Guiana and Brazil in sandy woods. Flowers white, twin. Fruit yellow, about the size of a walnut. This appears to be the common wild lime of America, and perhaps only a variety of Citrus Limelta. Very-spinose Lime. Fl. May, Jul. Clt.? Tree 15 feet. 11 C. JAPO'NICA (Thunb. fl. jap. 292.) petioles winged; leaves acute ; stem angular ; flowers axillary, solitary, or twin; fruit 9-celled. ^ . G. Native of Japan. Thunb. icon. jap. t. 15. Fruit the colour and form of an orange, but small, about the size of a cherry, containing a sweet eatable pulp. Japan Orange. Fl. May, July. Clt. ? Shrub 2 feet. 12 C. FU'SCA (Lour. coch. 467.) petioles with heart-shaped wings ; leaves ovate-lanceolate ; branches spinose ; fruit 9-cell- ed, globose, rough. Jj . G. Native of China, Cochin-china, and the Moluccas — Rumph. amb. 2. t. 33. Fruit of a green- ish-brown colour, containing an acid ungrateful pulp. .Brown-fruited Citron. Fl. May, July. Clt. ? Tree 15 feet. 13 C. NOBJLIS (Lour. coch. 466.) petioles rather linear, straight ; branches ascending, unarmed ; fruit depressed, 9-cell- ed, with a thick rind. fy . G. Native of Cochin-china and China. Ker, bot. reg. 211. Andr. bot. rep. 608. Fruit reddish, both without and within, containing sweet juice, and eatable sweet rind. This is distinguished from the common orange by its curious form, and by the pulp adhering so loosely to the rind, as to be separable from it by the slightest effort, and leaving in many places a considerable opening between them. It is the most delicate of its tribe, whence its name by the Chinese, Man- darine or Noble Orange. Noble or Mandarine Orange. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1805. Tree 15 feet. 14 C. MARGARI'TA (Lour. coch. 467.) petioles linear; leaves lanceolate ; branches ascending, spiny ; fruit oblong, 5-celled, covered with a thin smooth rind. Jj . G. Native of China about Canton. Fruit reddish-yellow, 8 lines long, containing a sweet pulp. Pearl Lemon. Fl. May, July. Clt. ? Tree 1 2 feet. 15 C. MADURE'NSIS (Lour. coch. 570.) petioles linear; leaves broad-lanceolate ; branches diffuse, unarmed, angular ; fruit globose, smooth, 8-celled. Jj . G. Native of China, Cochin-china, and Madura. — Rumph. amb. 2. t. 31. Fruit greenish-yellow, containing a bitter pulp, which is eaten when prepared with sugar, but never raw. Madura Orange. Fl. May, July. Clt. ? Shrub 8 feet. 16 C. ANGULA'TA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1426.) petioles naked ; leaves ovate, acute ; fruit angular. Tj . G. Native of Amboyna. — Rumph. amb. 2. t. 32. ^ngw/ar-fruited Citron. Fl. May, July. Clt. ? Tree. 17 C. BUXIFOLIA (Poir. diet. 5. p. 681.) petioles linear, very short ; leaves ovate, retuse ; flowers racemose. Tj . G. Native of China. Perhaps this plant is allied to Citrus vulgdris var. myrlifdlia of Risso, and therefore ought perhaps to be placed under that head. Box-leaved Orange. Fl. May, July. Shrub 3 feet. 18 C. ARTICULA'TA (Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. S34.) petioles leafy, obovate, large, articulated ; leaves oblong ; pe- duncles many-flowered. t? . S. Native of Guinea. Jointed-petioled Orange. Tree 20 feet. 19 C. CHILE'NSIS (Molin. chili, ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 335.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, nearly sessile, shining ; fruit nearly glo- bose. Tj . G. Native of Chili. Chili Orange. Tree 15 feet. Cult. All the species of Citrus may be propagated by seeds, cuttings, layers, by grafting, and budding. The object of rais- ing plants from seed is stock for grafting or budding, or for new varieties. To attempt raising new varieties from seed in Britain would be too tedious, as the plants raised from seed in Italy do not shew for fruit for 7 or 8 years. Citrons or Seville Oranges Miller considers the best to raise for stocks, as they are of more robust and quicker growth. These should be raised on a hot-bed, and in the course of 6 weeks they will be fit to plant separately into pots, and placed again into the hot-bed, shading them for some time, but afterwards allowing plenty of air in order to har- den them. In August of next year they will be sufficiently strong for budding ; after the operation has been performed, they should be placed under a hand-glass. In the course of a month it will be observable whether the buds have taken, then untie them, and let them remain in the green-house all winter. In spring cut off the heads of the stocks 3 inches above the buds, again place them in a moderate hot-bed, and by the end of July they AURANTIACEiE. XIV. CITRUS. 597 will have made shoots 2 feet long, then harden them before the cold sets in by exposing them to the air by degrees. In Italy the plants are budded at from 2 to 5 feet high on the stem, accord- ing to the intention of the trees ; a bud is commonly inserted on each side of the stock. The Maltese make a sloping section and bud on one side only, which is a much better method than the Italian, as the sloping section becomes covered with bark, which the horizontal ones never do, but a dead stump or rotten hole may be observed during the whole period of their existence. Grafting is occasionally resorted to in Italy, and is that most generally adopted in the nurseries at Paris. The stocks when of 2 years growth, and not much thicker than a scion, are cut off and grafted in the whip manner. This manner, as well as approach grafting, is frequently practised in England, as well as another manner of grafting, by taking a slice out of the stock without taking off the head, tying the scion as neatly and firmly as possible, without tongueing it, and claying it over. Mr. John Nairn places his stocks in a hot-bed for a fortnight, in order to rise the sap, that the bark may easily separate from the wood ; the stocks are then cut off about 2 inches above the surface, and a longitudinal incision made with a sharp knife as in budding, separating the bark from the wood on each side. Let the scion, whether in fruit or flower, be cut thin, in a sloping direction, and thrust between the bark and the wood ; it should then be care- fully tied with woollen yarn and clayed, then place a glass of proper size over each, pressing it firmly into the mould to pre- vent the damp from dropping on the scion. These stocks should then be placed on a brisk hot-bed of dung, and in about 6 weeks the glasses may be taken off, and the clay and binding re- moved, but it will be necessary to tie a little damp moss on in lieu of the clay, and keep the glasses on in the heat of the day, removing them at night, when in about 3 weeks they will be fit to put into the greenhouse, where they will be a great orna- ment, being either in flower or fruit. He prefers the Mandarine Orange for this trial, as the fruit is more firmly fixed than in any other sort. Mr. Henderson of Woodhall near Hamilton, a superior cul- tivator of the Citrus tribe, considers cuttings as the quickest mode of getting plants. The cuttings should be from !J to 18 inches long, taking the lower leaves off to the extent of 5 inches, then cut them right across, make a small incision in an angular direction at the bottom of the cutting, then plant in a pot of sand 5 inches deep, sorting them according to their size, then give them a good watering overhead to settle the sand about them ; he lets them stand a day or two in the shade, then plunges the pots to the brim in a hot-bed, and shades them well until they have struck root. After they are rooted they should be planted separately into pots in a proper compost, place them again in a hot-bed, and shade them for some weeks, then gradually expose them to the air. Cuttings with wood of 2 years old he finds strike as freely as young wood. They may be put in at any time of the year except when the plants are making young shoots. They generally strike in about 6 weeks with a hand- glass over them, in a gentle heat. The Citron strikes easiest, and makes much better stocks for grafting than any other kind. By layers. This method is practised both on the continent and in England. In laying, the plants may either be laid down on their sides and laid as stools, or pots may be raised and sup- ported under the branches to be propagated from. Shoots of 1 or 2 years growth may be then cut or ringed, and bent into the pot, or drawn through the hole at the bottom, and treated in the usual manner, taking care to supply water with the greatest re- gularity. Shoots layered in March will be fit to separate in September. In general the Citron tribe, like most other fruit trees, do not succeed so well from cuttings or layers as they do by grafting or budding on seedling stocks. Compost. At Genoa and Florence they are grown in a strong yellow clay, richly manured ; this is considered by Italian gar- deners to be best suited to the Orange tribe. The French use equal parts of clayey loam, rotten vegetable matter, and half-rotten dung. In the succeeding year they add a portion of decomposed horse-dung, equal to the half of its bulk, turned over 2 or 3 times, and many other ingredients, as pigeons' dung and sheep's dung. Mr. James Mean (Hort. trans. 2. p. 295.) makes his com- pound as follows : Well rotted cow-dung, 2 or 3 years old, one- fourth, well prepared rotten leaves, 2 or 3 years old, one-half, mellow loam one-fourth, with a small quantity of sand or road- grit added to the compost, which ought not to be sifted too fine. Henderson (Cal. hort. mem. 3. p. 302.) takes one part of light brown mould from a piece of ground that has not been cropped or manured for many years, one part of peat earth, two parts of river sand or pit sand, and one part of rotted hot-bed dung, with one part of rotted leaves of trees ; mixes them all well together, so as to form a compost of uniform quality. R. Ayres (Hort. trans. 4. p. 310.) uses ten parts of strong turfy loam, seven of pigeons'-dung, seven of good rotten horse- dung, and 10 of old vegetable mould, mixed and prepared a twelvemonth before using. Temperature. The standard temperature for the Citrus tribe is 48", but in the growing season they require at least 10 degrees higher to force them to produce luxuriant shoots, but the air of the house should never be allowed to fall under 40°. Although the Orange will endure a severe degree of cold for a few hours without injury, yet, as Mean has observed, the leaves once in- jured, the trees will require 3 years to recover their appearance. Ayres never suffers his Orangery to be heated above 50° by fire, until the end of February, when the trees show blossom ; it is increased to 55°, but never allowed to exceed 60° by sun heat, the excess of which he checks by the admission of air till the early part of June, when he begins to force the trees by keeping the heat in the house up as near as possible to 75°. For, he says, that neither Citrons, Oranges, Lemons, or Limes, can be grown fine and good without less heat (Hort. trans. 4. p. 311.). The Orange, Humboldt observes (De Distrib. Plant. 158.), which requires an average temperature of 64° degrees, will bear a very great degree of cold, if continued only for a short time. Dr. Sicklers says, " it is remarkable how much cold and snow the common Lemons and Oranges will bear at Rome, provided they are planted in a sheltered situation, not much exposed to the sun. He saw at Monte Pincio 3 standard trees in the open ground heavily covered with snow for more than a week. The green leaves, but still more the golden fruit, looked singular and beautiful amidst the snow. Neither fruit nor leaves had suf- fered, being in a sheltered place, while those that were exposed to the sun turned black and died, rendering the whole tree at once sickly. This proves that it is more the sudden transition of heat to cold or cold to heat, than the degree of either which de- stroys vegetation, as it appears that the snow had been thawed gradually from off these trees, and more by the temperature of the atmosphere than by the direct rays of the sun. Oranges will stand the climate of Devonshire and Cornwall, and perhaps the south of Ireland, in the open air in sheltered situations. All the species endure the open air at Nice, Genoa, and Naples ; but at Florence and Milan, and often at Rome, they require protec- tion during winter by placing the trees in conservatories, or under sheds. But the finest orange orchards are in the vicinity of Genoa. Air. Orange trees require a large share of air when the weather is favourable ; the prevention of damp is as essential to the perfection of the plants as the exclusion of cold. Where these trees are kept in old-fashioned opaque-roofed green- 598 AURANTIACE^E. XIV. CITRUS. houses, these cautions as to air and damp deserve particular attention. Ayres says, the more air orange trees have during the blossoming season, the more certain they will be of setting the fruit. Light is very essential to the growth of orange trees. Who- ever intends to grow the orange in perfection, should adopt houses, if not with glass on all sides, at least with glass fronts and roofs. When the plants are placed in the naked ground as standards, glass on all sides is highly desirable, for otherwise their leaves and shoots will all be turned to the south, but not so with those in tubs and boxes, as they can be turned at pleasure. Water. Orange trees, like other evergreens which delight in a strong soil, are not naturally fond of water ; but in this coun- try those grown in boxes are often much injured for want of a due supply, for the earth becoming indurated, and the roots matted, the water wets only the surface, and escapes by the sides of the boxes, so that while the mass of the earth is dry the sur- face is moist. Mean. When he thinks from the appearance of a plant that the water does not penetrate the earth, he uses a sharp iron rod to penetrate to the bottom of the earth, and to form a channel for the water, too little or too much of which is equally injurious to orange trees. Knight (Hort. trans. 2. p. 129.) watered an orange tree with very strong liquid manure, and found it to grow with equal comparative vigour to the mulberry. Ayres (Hort. trans. 5. p. 310.), after the fruit is set, waters with water, in which at the rate of 3 barrows of fresh cow-dung, 2 barrows of fresh sheep's-dung, and 2 pecks of quick-lime, have been added to every hogshead ; when used, the water is about the consistence of cream. The French (Nouveau cours. art. oranger,) water once after shifting with a very strong lessine ; they also mulch with recent cow and horse-dung, renewing these once a month or oftener during summer, that there may be always abundance of soluble matter for the water to convey to the roots. Growing the trees. All the kinds may be either grown as dwarfs in moderate sized pots or boxes ; as standards, with stems from 3 to 8 feet high, in large boxes or tubs ; as standards planted in the naked ground, and either dwarf or standard espaliers, planted or trained against a trellis, under glass. The three first modes are best adapted for ornament ; standards combine both elegance and utility ; in a house properly con- structed they will produce handsome heads and abundant crops. Espaliers is a much more certain way of having large crops, as every part of the plant above ground can thus be brought near the glass. Though orange trees thrive exceedingly well in large pots and boxes, yet to have them produce the finest crop of fruit, they should be planted in the ground like peach trees, and trained like them, or as standard cherry trees in a conservatory. The latter has by far the best effect, especially when the stems of the trees are 7 or 8 feet high, and the heads well formed ; but the largest fruit is produced when the trees are planted against a trellis of a narrow house, and treated like peach trees. Henderson, of Woodhall, grows very large fruit in this way. All the Citrus tribe when first potted or put in boxes, require to be placed in heat, watered overhead occasionally, in order to make them throw out fresh shoots and roots. Pots, boxes, and tubs, should be of a size proportionable to the plants, as too much or too little room for the roots will in- jure the plants. Large boxes or tubs should be so constructed as to be easily taken to pieces, so as to examine the roots, or to shift into larger boxes. The largest boxes in use in Holland and France are 4 feet square, which serve for trees with stems 6 or 8 feet high, with heads of 6 feet diameter, and above a cen- tury old. Choice of plants. For moderate sized trees to be grown in green-houses, such as are in this country or the Parisian nur- series are preferable. But for large handsome trees, those from Genoa, Nice, or Malta are preferable, for those which are raised from seed in England will not grow so large in their stems under 18 or 20 years, as those are when brought over. But the best way to procure trees from Italy is to send an order througli a British merchant, who has a correspondent at Genoa or Nice, for named sorts, according to the Nice or Genoa names, which will be found in their proper order in the enumeration of varieties which we have given, as the plants purchased in London at the Italian warehouses are without names, the greater number of which will be found to be the Shaddock and Citron, as the Italian gardeners find these sorts make stronger roots and more shewy trees, and therefore send the less number of the less luxuriant, but more useful varieties. Pruning. The object of pruning is to keep the head pro- portionate to the capacity of the box containing the roots. At Versailles, M. Pethon, who has been head gardener for 40 years, every 6 or 8 years gives an elaborate pruning, shortening the shoots to within an inch of the old wood, and the tree, thus almost deprived of its leaves does not produce blossoms during the 2 next years, it furnishes, however, strong shoots, which are trained to the form of a bushy well furnished head. Pruning orange trees in England does not differ from that given to other green-house plants, and the consequence is handsome bushes or trees, with the blossoms and fruit on the surface of the foliage. But when orange trees are cultivated for the sake of their fruit, the branches ought to be kept thin, so as to admit of sun and air. The blossoms of most of the Citrus kind are produced in the form of terminating peduncles, on the wood of the current year, and hence the object of the prurier ought to be to encourage the production of young wood in every part of the tree. Ayres cuts away the least promising branches in February, to make room for younger and more productive wood, and shortens very strong branches, to keep the tree in shape. After the fruit is set, it ought to be thinned, seldom leaving more than one on a peduncle. In France they thin the flowers, which by that means they are enabled to use for distillation. The thinned fruit is used in confectionary. The thinning of the fruit, however, will depend upon the state of the trees; those at Bromley-hill in Kent never require any thinning, where the trees are very fine, and loaded with peculiarly large fruit. Insects and diseases. The coccus and red-spider are the chief insects injurious to the Citron tribe; both to be removed by water applied with a brush or sponge. Mean (Hort. trans. 2. p. 296.) early in March, when he top-dresses his plants, applies a copious washing with the engine; then shuts up the house close for three or four hours, which produces a strong heat, as high as 70°, which effects the destruction of the red- spider, while the stems and leaves are wiped with a wet sponge, to remove other insects and dirt. Gathering the fruit. At Rienes in France, where the fruit of the Orange is reared for sale, it is gathered every year, generally in May. If not gathered then it will hang on the tree for 2 or 3 years longer ; but when the young fruit is green and swelling, the old ripe fruit becomes somewhat shrivelled, and almost void of juice. But as the new fruit begins to arrive at maturity, the juice begins to return to the old fruit, so that both old and new crops are in perfection the following May. In this way at Genoa the fruit is sometimes allowed to remain on 3 years, and being then gathered, has a peculiar sub-acid sweetness and flavour, and is sold at a higher price. The Lemon ripens irregularly, and drops off when ripe. It is therefore' gathered all the year through. In conservatories the orange tree generally requires HYPERICINE/E. I. VISMIA. 599 1 5 months to ripen its fruit, and hence both green and ripe fruit are together on the tree. In gathering for the table in this country, the fruit should be carefully cut off with a few leaves attached, and thus garnished sent to the dessert. By allowing the fruit to remain, the trees will at all times have green and yel- low fruit, which, with the shewy leaves and fragrant white blos- soms, form in spring a charming ornament. ORDER XL. HYPERICI'NEjE. D. C. theor. elem. ed. 1. p. 214. fl. fr. 4. p. 860. Chois. prod. hyp. 32. D. C. prod. l.p. 541. — Hyperica, Jtiss. gen. p. 254. Calyx 4-5-parted or 4-5-sepalled, permanent, usually unequal, the 2 outer ones small, the 3 inner ones largest, usually dotted and glandularly-toothed. Petals 4-5 (f. 103. c.), hypogynous, alternating with the lobes of the calyx, twisted in the bud, commonly yellow and veined, sometimes full of black dots. Stamens numerous, usually indefinite, collected together at the base into small bundles (f. 102. e.), very rarely free, or mona- delphous, with long filaments and yellow, minute, oscillatory anthers. Ovary], free. Styles numerous (f. 102. a. f. 103.^'.), but sometimes joined into one. Stigmas simple, rarely capitate. Capsules many-valved (f. 103. t. f. 102. a.), many-celled ; cells equalling the styles in number. Central placenta entire or many- parted, fixed to the inflexed margins of the valves. Seeds numerous, commonly terete, rarely flat. Integument double, both membranous. Embryo straight, with an inferior radicle, destitute of albumen. Herbs, shrubs, subshrubs and trees, beset with glands, and abounding in a yellow resinous juice, which is usually purgative or anthelmutic, and so very analogous to gamboge, that the juice of Vismia Guianensis and several other species have received the name of American gamboge. Most of the Hypericlneee are bitter and slightly astringent, whence they have been used as febrifuges. Leaves exstipulate, opposite, very rarely alternate, crenated, sessile, or on very short petioles, full of pellucid and black dots, seldom without, feather-nerved. Flowers terminal or axillary, stalked or sessile, leafy or nakedly-panicled, but usually bracteate. This order may be easily distinguished from the preceding orders in abounding in resinous juice. It differs from Auranliacece in having opposite, simple leaves, and from Guttifereae in the anthers being oscillatory, not adnate. Synopsis of the genera. Tribe I. VISMIEV^E. Fruit baccate (f. 102. a.). Seeds terete. Planters in leaflets, racemose or corymbose, distinct, terminal panicles. Shrubs with stalked leaves. 1 VI'SMIA. Berry membranous. Styles 5 (f. 102. a.), crowned by 5 peltate stigmas. Stamens disposed in 5 bundles (f. 102. e.\ each bundle alternating with a gland. Calyx 5- parted. Petals 5, usually villous within. Tribe II. HYPERI'CE.*:. Fruit capsular. Seeds terete. Flowers ter- minal and axillary, corymbose. Shrubs and herbs usually with sessile leaves. 2 ANDROS^VMUM. Capsule baccate, 1 -celled. Calyx 5- parted. Petals 5. Styles 3. Stamens numerous, monadelphous at the base (D. C.) disposed in 3 sets (Smith). 3 HYPE'RICUM. Capsule membranous. Styles 3-5, variable in number. Stamens indefinite, rarely definite, disposed in 3-5 bundles at the base, rarely free. Petals 5. Sepals 5, unequal, more or less connected at the base. 4 ELO'DEA. Capsule partly 3-celled, many-seeded. Styles 3. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, with nectariferous claws. Stamens 9-15, growing in 3 parcels. 5 SARO'THRA. Capsule 3-valved, 1-celled, margins of the valves bearing the seeds. Stamens 5- C, free. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, narrow. 6 LANCRKTIA. Calyx of 4-5 equal sepals. Petals 4-5. Stamens 10, free, 5 of which are opposite the petals and shorter. Styles 4-5. A'SCYRUM. Calyx of 4 sepals, 2 outer ones small, 2 inner large. Petals 4. Stamens numerous, hardly connected at the base. Styles 1-3. Tribe III. EUCRYPHIEA. Fruit capsular (f. 103. i.~). Seeds flat, winged. Styles 3-12 (f. 103. j.). Shrubs and trees with stalked leaves. Flowers axillary, solitary, or disposed in terminal cymes cr panicles. 8 CARPODONTOS. Sepals and petals 4. Styles 5-8. Capsule woody, with filiform placentas and boat-shaped cells. Ovary villous. Stamens numerous. 9 EUCRY'FHJA. Sepals and petals 5 (f. 103. c.). Styles 12 (f. 103. j.). Stamens numerous, rather connected at the base. Carpels boat-shaped, hanging by funicles (f. 103. e.). 10 ELIE'A. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens numerous, dis- posed in 3 bundles. Styles 3. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved. Seeds 2 in each cell, fixed above the base of the central trigonal receptacle. 11 CRATO'XYLUM. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, Stamens nu- merous, collected into 3 bundles. Styles and stigmas 3. Cap- sule 3-celled, 3-valved, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. 12 HARO'NGA. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 15, collected into 5 bundles. Fruit baccate, 5-celled ; cells 2-3-seeded. Styles and stigmas 5. Tribe I. VISMIE1^ (Chois. prod. hyp. 33.) Fruit a berry. Flowers in distinct, leafless, racemose or corymbose terminal panicles. Shrubs or trees with opposite, usually stalked leaves. I. VI'SMIA (in honour of M. de Visme, a Lisbon merchant), Vand. in Rcem. script, hisp. p. 138. t. 7. f. 4. Chois. prod. hyp. 34. D. C. prod. l.p. 542. LIN. SYST. Polyadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, usually villous on the inside. Berry membranaceous. Styles 5 (f. 102. a.). Stigmas peltate. Stamens numerous, disposed into 5 bundles (f. 102. e.), opposite the petals, alternating with 5 glands or scales. Anthers small, roundish, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise. Seeds with a double covering. — Shrubs and trees, with quadrangular, opposite branches. Leaves entire, usually covered with rufescent down, and generally full of glandular and pellucid dots. Flowers disposed in terminal, branched pa- nicles or cymes. Buds ovate or oblong. Flowers of all yellow or greenish. A resinous yellow juice flows from all parts of the plant when cut or broken, resembling gamboge. 1 V. OLA' BRA (Ruiz et Pav. syst. fl. per. p. 183.) branches 600 HYPERICINEjE. I. VISMIA. compressed ; leaves elliptical-lanceolate, smooth ; petioles short, compressed ; buds globose ; sepals obtuse, smooth ; panicle loose. \l . S. Native of Peru. Smooth Wax-tree. Shrub 15 feet. 2 V. SESSIUFOLIA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 86.) stem angular ; leaves elliptical-lanceolate, acute, cordate at the base ; petioles very short and thick ; buds globose ; calyx ovate-oblong ; panicle mul- tifid. fj . S. Native of Guiana. Hypericum sessilifolium, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 787. t. 312. f. 2. The resinous juice which flows from all parts of the plant when broke or cut, is purgative in doses of 7 or 8 grains. Sessile-leaved Wax-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 3 V. RETICULA'TA (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 34.) branches rufes- cent; leaves elliptical-oblong, very long, somewhat obtuse, rather cordate at the base, netted, rufescent; petioles very short; buds ovate-globose ; calyx obtuse, villous on the outside, fy . S. Native of Guiana. Hypericum reticulatum, Poir. diet, suppl. 3. p. 694. JVeMed-leaved Wax-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 4 V. MACROPHY'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 4. p. 1 84.) branches smooth ; leaves elliptical-oblong, acuminated, cordate, hairy beneath ; petioles 8-lines long ; calyxes clothed with rusty down. Tj . S. Native of South America on the banks of the river Cassiquiares. Long-leaved Wax-tree. Tree 20 feet. 5 V. GUIANE'NSIS (Pers. ench. 2. p. 86.) stem quadrangular; leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acuminate, dilated at the base, rufescent beneath, smooth ; petioles short ; calyxes ovate, ob- tuse, tomentose, with ciliated margins ; flowers corymbose ; sta- mens numerous ; berry ovate. T; . S. Native of Guiana, Cayenne, and Brazil. Hypericum Guianense, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 784. t. 311. The whole plant abounds in a thick, viscid, saf- fron-coloured juice. Leaf-bud rusty tomentose. Androphorus woolly. Far. /3, glabrata (D. C. prod. 1. p. 542.) the whole plant is less rufescent, but whiter ; leaves more acuminated ; buds more globose. Perhaps this may be a distinct species. Hypericum bacciferum, Marcgr. bras. 96. f. 1. Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon, ined. ^ • S. Native of Mexico and Surinam. This is also abundant in yellow viscid juice. Guiana Wax -tree. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1824. Shrub 8 ft. 6 V. LONGIFOLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 326.) leaves usually oblong and acuminated, smoothish above, puberulous beneath, as well as furnished with black dots, with the nerves rusty be- neath and pubescent ; calyx tomentose ; stamens 20-30 ; andro- phorus smooth ; styles smooth. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes near Villa Rica. V. laccifera, Mart. Leaf-bud rusty-tomentose. Petals whitish-green. Long-leaved Wax-tree. Fl. Jan. Shrub 5 feet. 7 V. RUFE'SCENS (Pers. ench. 2. FIG. 102. p. 86.) branches quadrangular ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, with a very long acumen, tapering to the base, rather hairy beneath, smooth above ; petioles short, channelled ; calyx acute, smooth. Tj . S. Na- tive of Guiana. Chois. prod. hyp. p. 35. t. 1. (f. 102.) Rufescent Wax-tree. Shrub 1 2 feet. 8 V. MICRA'NTHA (Mart. trav. St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 327.) leaves usually lanceolate, acuminated, smooth above, rusty puberulous beneath, and with black dots ; calyx smoothish ; stamens about 15 ; styles pilose. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Leaf-buds rusty. Petals greenish. Small-flowered Wax-tree. Fl. Jan. March. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 9 V. DEALBA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 4. p. 184. t. 454.) branches quadrangular, clothed with a whitish down ; leaves ovate, acuminated, rounded and cordate at the base, clothed beneath with white down ; petiole 7 or 8 lines long, furrowed ; calyx clothed with rusty down ; ovary somewhat glo- bose-ovate, fj . S. Native of South America on the banks of the rivers Niger and Cassiquiares. W. hitcned-leaveA. Wax-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 10 V. MAGNOLI^FOLIA (Nees ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 3. p. 1 1 8.) calyx opaque, vittate ; petals somewhat 5-striped ; bundles of stamens containing about 30 ; styles long ; leaves ovate, rather cuneated at the base, full of pellucid dots, canescent. ^ . S. Native of Brazil. This species differs from V. dealbata in the leaves being cuneated at the base, not rounded and cordate. Magnolia-leaved Wax-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 11 V. FERRUGI'NEA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 4. p. 183.) branches quadrangular, and are as well as calyxes clothed with rusty down ; leaves elliptical-oblong, acuminated, rather shining above, clothed with very fine golden down beneath ; pe- tioles 6 or 8 lines long, channelled ; ovary oblong. Tj . S. Na- tive of South America on the banks of the river Orinoco. Rusty Wax-tree. Shrub 12 feet. 12 V. LAURIFO'RMIS (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 35.) leaves ovate, acute, smooth, concave ; corolla length of calyx ; bundles of sta- mens like hair-pencils; styles filiform. If. ? S. Native of New Granada. Hypericum laurifbrme, Lam. diet. 4. p. 152. Laurel-shaped-\eaved Wax-tree. PI. 2 feet. 13V. BRASILIE'NSIS (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 35. t. 2.) stem terete ; branches somewhat compressed at the apex ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, short-acuminated, rufescent beneath, smooth above ; petioles channelled ; flowers corymbose ; berry globose. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Brazilian Wax- tree. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1824. Shrub 8 ft. 14 V. DECI'PIENS (Cham, et Schlecht. Linnaea. 3. p. 116.) calyx opaque, vittate ; petals with 9 stripes ; bundles of stamens containing about 30, a little longer than the calyx ; styles long ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate or ovate, full of pellucid dots, clothed with fine tomentum, at length canescent. ^ • S. Native of Brazil. . Tliis species differs from V. Brasiliensis in the styles being long. Far. a, laurifbtta (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-lan- ceolate, tapering to both ends, with a bluntish acumen, older leaves not canescent. Jj . S. Symplocos pentagyna, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 340. Far. ft, pyrifolia (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c.) leaves ovate, or elliptical, rounded at the base, with a short, blunt, oblique acu- men at the apex. Deceiving Wax-tree. Shrub 4 feet. 15 V. PARVIFLORA (Cham, et Schlecht. Linnaea. 3. p. 119.) calyx 3-nerved, with a few pellucid dots ; bundles of stamens triandrous, shorter than the calyx ; styles long ; leaves elliptical, full of black dots, and with a few hairs. fy . S. Native of Brazil. Small-Jlowered Wax-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 16 V. CAYENNE'NSIS (Pers. ench. 2. p. 86.) stem terete; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, with black dots above ; petioles channelled ; calyx obtuse ; buds globose ; panicles few- flowered, fy . S. Native of Cayenne. Hypericum Cayennense, Lin. amoen. 8. p. 3.21. Petals white. Cayenne Wax-tree. Shrub 10 feet. 17 V. ACUMINA'TA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 86.) leaves hispid be- neath, hardly dotted, acuminated at the apex ; buds small, ovate ; HYPERICINE^E. I. VISMIA. II. ANDROS^MUM. III. HYPERICUM. 601 calyx somewhat hairy ; berry globose ; branches compressed, f? .S. Native of Guiana. Hypericum acuminatum, Lam. diet. 4. p. 150. Var. ft, caparbsa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 543.) branches tetragonal; leaves much more hispid on both surfaces. V. caparosa, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 4. p. 182. ^CMOTz'na/ed-leaved Wax-tree. Tree 25 feet. 18 V. GUINEE'NSIS (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 36.) stem round; branches divaricating ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, soft, and dotted beneath ; petioles thin ; panicles spreading ; calyx ovate- lancfolate ; corolla smooth. Tj . S. Native of Guinea in low lands, near Freetown, Sierra Leone. Hypericum Guineense, Lin. amoen. 8. p. 32. t. 8. f. 1. Guinea Wax-tree. Fl. Feb. April. Shrub 4 feet. 19 V. LATIFOLIA (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 36.) arborescent; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, somewhat cordate, full of black dots, and covered beneath with short rufescent down, green above ; petioles short, thick ; calyx irregularly vitiate ; bundles of stamens containing about 15 ; styles short, thick. Tj . S. Na- tive of Guiana. Hypericum latifolium, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 787. t. 312. f. 1. Petals dotted. Broad-leaved Wax-tree. Shrub 6 feet. f Species little known, or doubtful whether they belong to this genus. 20 V. TOMENTOSA (Ruiz et Pav. syst. fl. per. 183.) leaves ovate, acute, downy beneath ; racemes terminal. J? . S. Native of Peru. Tbmentose-leaved Wax-tree. Shrub. 21 V. ? PETIOLA'TA (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 36.) flowers trigy- nous ; leaves ovate, downy beneath ; stem tetragonal, com- pressed, fj . S. Native of Brazil. Hypericum petiolatum, Lin. spec. 1102. Stalked-lea\eA Wax-tree. Shrub 6 feet, 22 V.? ARBORE'SCENS (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 36.) flowers tri- gynous ; leaves elliptical, a little acuminated ; racemes branched ; calyxes and corollas smooth ; fruit capsular. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Hypericum arborescens, Vahl. symb. 2. p. 86. Arborescent Wax-tree. Shrub 10 feet. Cult. The species of Vismia will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and young cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. TRIBE II. HYPERI'CE^E (plants agreeing with Hypericum in im- portant characters). Chois. prod. hyp. 37. Fruit a capsule. Flowers terminal or axillary, usually corymbose. — Herbs or sub- shrubs, usually with sessile leaves. II. ANDROS^MUM (from avtp avSpoc, aner andros, a man, andai^a, aima, blood ; the fresh capsules crushed between the fingers bring out a blood-coloured juice.) All. pedm. no. 1440. Chois. prod. hyp. 37. D. C. prod. 1. p. 543. LIN. SYST. Polyadelphia,Polyandria. Capsule baccate, usually 1-celled. Calyx 5-parted, with unequal lobes. Petals 5. Styles 3. Stamens numerous, disposed in 3 sets (Smith). — A sufFruti- cose plant, with sessile leaves, and terminal, stalked flowers. 1 A. OFFICINAVLE (All. pedm. no. 1440.) fj . H. Native of the north of Europe, Caucasus, and Greece, in humid places. In Britain in moist woods, Hampstead, Highgate, Norwood, near Berkhamstead, and in Ashridge woods, Norfolk, Worcestershire, Oxfordshire, and Cornwall. In Scotland, as in the woods of Inverary, and at Loch Ransa. Hypericum Androsae'mum, Lin. spec. Smith, engl. bot. 1225. — Blackw. t. 94. Stem 2-edged, Flowers yellow. Fruit an ovate capsule, assuming the appear- ance of a berry; at first yellowish-green, then red or brownish- purple, and lastly almost black when ripe. The juice expressed vot. i. — PART VH. from the leaves is claret-coloured. The leaves were formerly applied to fresh wounds, and hence the French name it la toute same, and the English tutsan. It is also called park- leaves, from its frequently being found in parks. In Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese, it is androsemo ; in German konrad- skraut or standenartige johanniskraut ; in Dutch groobladig fiypericum, or mansbloed. The leaves when bruised have an aro- matic scent. Officinal or Common Tutsan. Fl. July. Sept. Britain. Shrub 3 feet. Cult. This plant will grow well under shrubs or trees. It is easily increased by dividing the plants at the root early in spring, or by seeds. III. HYPE'RICUM (according to Linnaeus this name is said to be derived from virep, uper, under, and einuv, eicon, an image ; that is to say, the superior part of the flower represents a figure). Lin. gen. no. 902. Juss. gen. p. 255. Chois. prod. hyp. p. 37. D. C. prod. 1. p. 545. LIN. SYST. Polyadelphia, Polyandria. Capsule membran- aceous. Stamens numerous, free or joined at the base into 3 or 5 bundles. Petals 5. Sepals 5, more or less connected at the base, unequal, rarely equal. Styles 3-5, rarely connate in one, permanent. Capsule 1 or many-celled, many-seeded, 3-5- valved. Integument of seed double. Albumen none. Embryo with the radicle situated at the umbilicus, and with semi-cylin- drical cotyledons. — Herbs or under-shrubs. Leaves opposite, sessile or sub-sessile, usually full of pellucid and black dots on their edges, lodging an essential oil. Flowers variously disposed, solitary, tern, cymose, corymbose panicled, rarely umbellate, usually yellow. SECT. I. ASCYRE'IA (from a priv. and aicvpof, hard ; that is to say, plants soft to the touch). Chois. prod. hyp. p. 38. Sepals connected at the base and unequal. Stamens numerous. Styles 3-5. Flowers commonly terminal, large, few, sub-corymbose. * Styles commonly 3. 1 H. ELA'TUM (Ait. hort. kew, ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 104.) younger stems reddish ; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, dilated at the base, somewhat emarginate, with the margins somewhat revolute ; flowers corymbose ; peduncles bibracteate ; sepals ovate-oblong. T2 . S. Native of North America. Juss. ann. du. mus. 3. p. 162. t. 17. Wats. dend. brit. t. 85. Tall St. John's- wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1762. Shrub 5 ft. 2 H. FRONDOSUM (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 81.) branches 2- edged ; leaves ovate-elongated, blunt at the apex, narrowed at the base ; flowers large, usually solitary ; calyx equalling or ex- ceeding the petals in length; styles united together. 1£. H. Na- tive of North America on shady rocks in Kentucky and Ten- nessee. Frondose St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1806. PI. 5 ft. 3 H. SESsiLiFLORUM(Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 346.) branches round ; leaves stem-clasping, cordate-oblong, without nerves, dotted ; corymb terminal ; flowers nearly sessile ; sepals oblong, acute, leafy, much longer than the corolla ; styles joined. If. . H. Native of North America. Sessile-flowered St. John's-wort. PI. 3 feet. 4 H. AMCE'NUM (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 375.) branches 2- edged ; leaves oblong-elliptical, bluntish at the apex, but taper- ing to the base, with curled revolute margins ; flowers terminal, usually solitary ; sepals ovate, acuminated, never equal in length with the corolla ; styles connected together. If. . H. Native of South Carolina and Georgia. Flowers large, bright yellow, with red ovaries. Pleasing St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812. PI. 2 ft. 4H 602 HYPERICINEjE. III. HYPERICUM. 5 H. GRANDIFIORUM (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 38. t. 3.) stem round, reddish; leaves ovate-oblong, cordate, somewhat stem- clasping, acute at the apex, netted with pellucid veins ; flowers corymbose ; peduncles bibracteate ; calyx acutish, reflexed upon the peduncle after flowering, much shorter than the corolla. Jj . G. Native ofTenerifFe. H. Canariense, Willd. .not of Lin. Great-flowered St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Shrub 3 ft. 6 H. HIRCI'NUM (Lin. spec. 1103.) branches winged ; leaves somewhat emarginate at the base, dilated, sessile, acute at the apex, ovate-lanceolate, with glandular margins ; peduncles bi- bracteate ; stamens exceeding the corolla in length ; seeds 2, ap- pendiculated. fj . H. Native of the regions of the Mediterra- nean. Schkuhr. handb. 3. t. 213. f. 3. Wats. dend. brit. t. 86. This plant when bruised has a very disagreeable smell. Var. ft, obtusifolium (D. C. prod. 1. p. 544.) leaves blunter. 17. H. Native of Corsica on humid rocks in the mountains. Var. y, minus (Wats. dend. brit. t. 87.) plant much smaller. Goaf- scented St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1640. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 7 H. INODORUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1449.) stem sufFruticose, round ; branches somewhat winged ; leaves ovate, very blunt ; calyx lanceolate, acute ; peduncles sometimes bibracteate ; sta- mens equal in length with the corolla. Jj . H. Native of Greece and the Levant. Herb scentless. Scentless St. John's-wort. Shrub 3 feet. 8 H. FOLIOSUM (Ait. hort. kew, ed. 1. vol. 3. p. 104.) branches winged ; leaves sessile, oval-oblong, rather acute, finely perforated ; calyx lanceolate, caducous. Tj • Gr. Native of the Azores. Leafy St. John's-wort. Fl. Aug Clt. 1778. Shrub 2 feet. 9 H. FLORIBU'NDUM (Ait. hort. kew, ed. 1. vol. 3. p. 104.) stem round ; leaves sessile, lanceolate, numerous, without dots ; peduncles dilated and somewhat compressed towards the apex ; calyx obtuse ; corolla and stamens marcescent. Tj . G. Native of the Canary Islands. H. frutescens, &c. Comm. hort. amst. p. 137. t. 68. Sepals ciliated. Bundle-flowered St. John's-wort. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1779. Shrub S feet. 10 H. MILLE'PORUM (Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 343.) branches round ; leaves on short petioles, lanceolate, tapering to both ends, nerved, full of pellucid dots, fringed with glandular teeth ; sepals lanceolate, fringed with glandular teeth ; flowers corymbose. Tj . G. Native of TenerirFe. Tliousand-pored-]eaved St. John's-wort. Shrub 2 feet. 1 1 H. OLY'MPICUM (Lin. spec. 1 102.) stern round ; leaves ellip- tical-lanceolate, rather acute, full of pellucid dots ; calyx ovate, acute ; peduncles bibracteate ; corolla and stamens marcescent. tj . G. Native of mount Olympus and of China. Smith, exot. bot. 2. p. 71. t. 96. Sims, hot. mag. t. 1867. Leaves glaucous, sessile. Olympian St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1706. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 12 H. CANARIE'NSE (Lin. syst. 575.) stem obsoletely quad- rangular ; branches compressed ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute ; calyx ovate, obtuse ; styles 3-4, diverging. J; . G. Native of the Canary Islands. Lodd. bot. cab. 953. Var.p, triphyllum(Q.C. prod. 1. p. 544.) leaves tern. Var. y, salicifolium (D. C. prod. 1. p. 544.) leaves linear-lan- ceolate, longer. Canary-Island St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1699. Shrub 2 feet. * Styles commonly 5. 13 H. CHINE'NSE (Lin. amoen. 8. p. 323.) stem round; leaves elliptical, obtuse, with a few black dots ; peduncles bibracteate ; calyx oblong, obtuse, beset with black dots ; styles connected together. f? . G. Native of the East Indies, and of the Cape of Good Hope? H. monogynum, Mill, illust. 151. f. 2. H. aureum, Lour. Chinese St. John's-wort. Fl. March, Sept. Clt. 1753. Shrub 3 feet. 14 H. MONO'GYNUM (Lin. spec. 1 102. Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 667.) stem terete, shrubby; leaves oblong-oval, recurved at the base, somewhat auricled, without dots ; peduncles sub-corymbose, leafy, bibracteate ; bracteas nearly opposite ; sepals lanceolate, acutish ; styles 5, coadunate, equal in length to the stamens and corolla. T? . G. Native of Japan and China. Curt. bot. mag. 334. Flowers yellow. One-styled St. John's-wort. Shrub 3 feet. 15 H. CORDIFOUUM (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 545.) stem round ; leaves elliptical, acute, coriaceous, smooth, somewhat stem-clasping, without dots ; flower-bearing branches crowded, leafy below ; bracteas ovate-cordate, acute ; sepals ovate, mu- cronate, without dots ; petals oblong, unequal-sided, obliquely mucronulate ; stamens short ; styles unconnected, scarcely longer than the corolla. Tj . G. Native of Nipaul at Thankot, and at Narain-hetty. H. bracteatum and Lungusum, Hamilt. mss. in D. Don, prod. p. 217. It is called Lungusu and Ricanawa in the Nawar language. Heart-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. April, Oct. Clt. 1825. Shrub 2 feet. 16 H.? ALTERNIFOLIUM (Vahl. symb. 2. p. 85. t. 42.) branches round ; leaves alternate, lanceolate ; peduncles tribrac- teate ; styles reflexed. — Native of the East Indies. Alternate-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub ? 17 H. PYRAMIDA'IUM (Ait. hort. kew, ed. 1. vol. 3. p. 103.) stem winged ; leaves stem-clasping, oblong-lanceolate, acute, with revolute margins ; peduncles short, thick ; sepals rather acute , styles 5-7, short, thick, connected together at the base. 2f, . H. Native of North America in Canada ? Vent. malm. t. 118. H. amplexicaule, Lam. diet. 4. p. 14. Pyramidal-flowered St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1764. PI. 4 feet. 18 H. ROSTRA' TUM (Rafin. fl. lud. p. 87.) stem frutescent, 2 -edged ; leaves sessile, ovate, acute at both ends, with revolute, dotted margins ; corymbs axillary and terminal ; calyx bibrac- teate ; ovaries beaked ; styles 5. If.. H. Native of North Ame- rica in Louisiana. Beaked-o varied St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 2 feet. 19 H. A'SCYRON (Lin. spec. 1102.) stem tetragonal, simple; leaves stem-clasping, lanceolate, acute, full of pellucid dots ; flowers few ; sepals blunt ; styles connected together at the base. }/. H. Native of Siberia. — Gmel. fl. sib. 4. p. 178. t. 69. Flowers very large. Soft St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1774. PI. 3 feet. 20 H. ASCYROI'DES (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1443.) stem simple, winged at the base, and tetragonal towards the top ; leaves ob- long-lanceolate, acute ; sepals oblong-lanceolate ; styles free, length of the stamens. If,. H. Native of North America in Canada and the western parts of New York. H. macrocarpum, Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 82. Flowers very large. Ascyron-like St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812. PI. 3 feet. 21 H. IANCEOLA'TUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 145.) stem round; leaves lanceolate, with black dotted margins, acutish at the apex ; flowers solitary ; sepals blunt ; styles connected together. J? . G. Native of the Island of Bourbon and Caffre Land. Chois. prod. hyp. p. 41. exclusive of the synonyme of Jacq. Zawceo/ate-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub 3 feet. 22 H. ANGUSTIFOLIUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 145.) stem round ; leaves linear-lanceolate, approximate, with revolute margins, HYPERICINEjE. III. HYPERICUM. 60S without dots ; flowers large, solitary ; sepals acutish ; styles connected together. Tj . S. Native of the Island of Bourbon. Narrow-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub 3 feet. 23 H. PA'TULUM (Thunb. jap. p. 295. t. 17.) stem round, pur- plish ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, tapering to the base, with revolute margins, without dots ; flowers corymbose ; styles re- curved at the apex, scarcely longer than the stamens ; peduncles bibracteate ; sepals suborbicular, very obtuse, f? . H. Native of Japan and Nipaul. Var. ft, attenaattim (D. C. prod. 1. p. 545.) all parts of the shrub are shorter, slenderer, and more crowded. Spreading St. John's-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 feet. 24 H. JAVA'NICUM (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 667.) stem terete, shrubby ; leaves membranous, ovate-lanceo- late, bluntish, tapering a little to the base, with reflexed margins, glaucous beneath, full of fine pellucid dots ; flowers corymbose ; pedicels bibracteate ; bracteas linear-awl-shaped ; sepals lanceo- late, acuminated ; styles exceeding the stamens, but shorter than the corolla. Ij . S. Native of Java. Allied to H. patulum. Flowers yellow. Java St. John's-wort. Shrub. 25 H. CORIA'CEUM (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 667.) stem terete, shrubby ; branches fastigiate ; leaves coria- ceous, crowded, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, glaucous beneath, full of pellucid dots ; peduncles tern, 1-3-flowered, bracteate in the middle ; bracteas lanceolate ; sepals oval, obtuse or acute ; styles 5, exceeding the stamens, but equal with the corolla. Jj . S. Native of Java. Allied to H. Javdnicum. Coriaceous-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub 6 feet. 26 H. CE'RNUUM (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 59. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 218.) branches round ; leaves elliptical-oblong, mucro- nulate, glaucous ; peduncles solitary or in threes ; sepals ellip- tical, acute ; petals unequal-sided, oblong, obtuse ; styles and stamens very long. ^ . G. Native of Sirinagur, where it is called Peoalee. Branches purplish, suffused, with glaucous pol- len. Flowers very large. Drooping St. John's-wort. Shrub 3 feet. 27 H. KALMIA'NUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 148.) branches tetra- gonal ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers 3-7, in a terminal corymb; sepals lanceolate, bluntish. Tj . H. Native of North America in Pennsylvania and Virginia. Kalrris St. John's-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 28 H. VENOSUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 146.) stem tetragonal, red- dish, simple ; leaves ovate-oblong, stem-clasping, bluntish ; flowers large, terminal ; peduncles bracteate ; sepals ovate-round- ish ; styles exceeding the stamens in length. ^ . G. Native ? Perhaps this plant is sufficiently distinct from H. calycinum. Veiny St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot ? 29 H. TRIFLORUM (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. LinnEea. 1. p. 667.) stem terete, shrubby ; leaves membranous, ovate-oblong, bluntish, full of pellucid dots, younger ones somewhat stem- clasping at the base; peduncles usually tern, 1-flowered, ter- minal, with 2 lanceolate bracteas in the middle ; sepals oval-ob- long, acute ; styles 5, exceeding the stamens, but shorter than the corolla. JJ . S. Native of Java. Allied to H. Lesche- naultii. Var. ft, angustalum (Blum. 1, c.) leaves and sepals oblong- lanceolate. Three-flowered St. John's-wort. Shrub. 30 H. LESCHENAU'LTII (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 545.) stem round, sufFruticose : leaves oblong-elliptical, obtuse, full of pellucid dots ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute ; stamens very short ; styles exceeding the stamens in length, but shorter than the corolla. >j . S. Native of Java. Very like H. oblongifolium. Leschenaulfs St. John's-wort. Shrub 2 feet. 31 H. URA'LUM (Hamilt. mss. in D. Don, prod. nep. p. 218.) branches compressed, 2-edged ; leaves elliptical, mucronulate, smooth, shining ; flowers terminal, somewhat corymbose ; sepals oval, very blunt ; petals orbicular ; styles shorter than the sta- mens. 1? . H. Native of Nipaul at Narainhetty. Called Urala Swa in the Nawar language. Sims, hot. mag. t. 2375. Urala St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1823. Shrub 2 ft. 32 H. OBLONGIFOLIUM (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 42. t. 4.) stem round ; branches compressed ; leaves elliptical-lanceolate, crowd- ed, with the margins a little revolute, full of fine pellucid dots ; sepals oblong, bluntish ; styles exceeding the stamens in length. I? . G. Native of the East Indies and Nipaul. Oblong-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1823. Shrub 2 feet. 33 H. CALYCINUM (Lin. mant. 106.) stem tetragonal, dwarf; leaves ovate, coriaceous, broad, full of pellucid dots ; flowers large, terminal, solitary ; sepals large, obovate, spreading ; cap- sule nodding. Tj . H. Native of the Levant and on Mount Olympus, &c. In Ireland 3 miles from Cork, on the way to Bandon. Wood above Largs, on the western coast of Scotland. Curt. bot. mag. t. 146. Smith, engl. bot. t. 2017. Jacq. fragn. 10. t. 6. f. 4. Root creeping. This plant is a great ornament to shrubberies and parks, and excellent as a shelter for game. Var. ft, acutifolmm (D. C. prod. 1. p. 546.) the leaves at the base of the branches are more acute. Large-calyxed St. John's-wort or Tutsan. Fl. June, Sept. Ireland. Shrub 1 foot. 34 H. BALEA'RICUM (Lin. spec. 1101.) stem quadrangular, warted ; leaves ovate, obtuse, rather stem-clasping. T; . F. Native of the island of Majorca. Curt. bot. mag. t. 137. Leaves small, glaucous. Majorca St. John's-wort. Fl. March, Sept. Clt. 1714. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. SECT. II. TRIDE'SMOS (from rpttc, treis, three, and desme, a bundle ; in allusion to the stamens being disposed into 3 bundles). Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 546. Calyx of 5 equal, entire sepals. Stamens connected together in 3 bundles, each bundle having the appearance of a hair-pencil. Styles 3. — An undershrub, with axillary, long stalked flowers. Perhaps a species of Elbdea or Eliea. 35 H. BIFLORUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 170.) stem smooth, round- ish, grey; leaves ovate-elliptical, smooth, acutish, stalked, veiny; sepals ovate, blunt ; styles equal in length with the stamens. Jj . G. Native of China near the Straits of Bouton. H. Chi- nense, Retz, obs. bot. 5. p. 27. Two-flowered St. John's-wort. Shrub 2 feet. SECT. III. PERFORAVRIA (from perforatus, perforated; because the leaves are full of pellucid dots, which gives them the appear- ance of being perforated). Chois. prod. hyp. p. 44. D. C. prod. 1. p. 546. Calyx of 5 equal sepals, toothed in some, but entire in others, or with glandular teeth, connected at the base. Sta- mens numerous, free or disposed in 5 sets. Styles commonly 3, — Herbs or undershrubs. Flowers axillary, or in terminal pa- nicled corymbs. Leaves rarely linear. * Sepals entire. 36 H. MICRA'NTHUM (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 44. t. 5.) stem round, dotted, purplish ; branches straight ; leaves oblong, ob- tuse, full of black dots ; flowers crowded, terminal ; calyx small, obtuse ; corolla full of black dots, as well as the anthers. 1<.. H. Native of Carolina. Small-flowered St. John's-wort. PI. 1 foot. 37 H. ANGULOSUM (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 78.) stem 4 ii 2 004 HYPERICINEjE. III. HYPERICUM. quadrangular, erect ; leaves distant, elongated, ovate, stem-clasp- ing, acute, without dots, margins sinuated; flowers axillary, solitary ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; styles connected together. ty . B. H. Native of North America in bogs and cedar swamps in New Jersey and Carolina. Flowers beautiful copper-co- loured in terminal dichotomous panicles. ^ngM/ar-stemmed St. John's-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1812. PI. 1 foot. 38 H. ULIGINOSUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 1 94.) stem herbaceous, straight, tetragonal ; leaves oblong, acu- tish, upper ones lanceolate, dotted; sepals linear-lanceolate, acuminate ; styles 3-4 ; stigmas capitate. I/ . B. S. Native of South America near La Vente Grande of Caraccas. Var. fl, multiflorum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 547.) flowers smaller and more copious. 'J/ . B. S. Native of South America on mount Saraguru near Loxa. Bog St. John's-wort. Fl. July. PI. 1 foot. 39 H. PUKCTA'TUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 164.) stem round, full of black dots ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acutish, stem-clasping, also full of black dots ; flowers corymbose ; sepals lanceolate, and are as well as the corolla full of black dots. If.. H. Native of North America in shady woods from New England to Carolina, parti- cularly in the range of the Allegheny mountains. H. maculatum, Walt. fl. carol. 189. H. corymbosum, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1457. Flowers pale-yellow, smaller than thoseofH.perforatum. Styles 3. Dotted St. John's-wort. Fl. June. Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. 1| ft. 40 H. PHIIONOTIS (Cham, et Schlecht. Linnaea. 4. p. 218.) smooth, full of black dots ; stem 4-winged or 4-angled, terete at the base ; floriferous branches compressed, 2-edged ; leaves oblong, 3-nerved, quite entire ; floral leaves minute, hardly equal with the pedicels ; flowers minute, pentandrous, and trigynous ; sepals acute, entire ; styles apiculate, pustulate. 1£ . F. Native of Mexico near Jalapa. Styles purplish-brown. Petals yellow. Water-loving St. John's-wort. PI. ^ to 1 foot. 41 H. FORMOSUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 196. t. 460.) stem round, smooth, without dots ; leaves ovate-oblong, blunt, somewhat stem-clasping, dotted beneath ; flowers corym- bose ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, and petals obovate-cuneated, both covered with glandular dots. "If. . F. Native of South America near Pazcuaro. Scarcely distinct from H. punctatum. Beautiful St. John's-wort. PI. 1 foot. 42 H. DOLABRIFORME (Vent. hort. eels. p. 45.) stem erect, purple ; leaves linear-lanceolate, reflexed, full of pellucid dots ; flowers corymbose ; peduncles dichotomous ; sepals unequal, acute, reflexed, dotted, with revolute edges. If. . H. Native of North America on the dry hills of Kentucky. Flowers golden- yellow. Petals hatchet-shaped. Styles 3. Hatchet-sha2)ed-petal\ed St. John's-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. PI. 1| foot. 43 H. PRATE'NSE (Cham, ex Schlecht. Linnasa. 4. p. 218.) plant branched, smooth, but with black dots ; stem tetragonal, rather winged ; leaves erect, narrow, linear or oblong, tapering to the apex, with reflexed or revolute margins, floral ones or bracteas awl-shaped; stamens 20-30, icosandrous ; flowers trigynous. %. F. Native of Mexico at Jalapa. Meadow St. John's-wort. PI. 2 feet. 44 H. COI-LI'NUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 219.) smooth ; stem purplish, terete, branched, or simple ; branches forming a cymose panicle ; leaves loose, obovate, rounded at the apex, cuneate at the base, full of pellucid dots ; flowers pedicellate, icosandrous and trigynous; sepals oblong, obtuse, full of pellucid dots, and with a few black glands ; capsule egg- shaped, acute, twice the length of the calyx. If. . F. Native of Mexico. Hill St. John's-wort. PI. 1| foot. 45 H. cisiifOLiUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 158.) stem angular ; leaves ovate-oblong, acutish, stem-clasping, full of bluck dots beneath, with revolute edges ; flowers disposed in dichotomous corymbs ; sepals ovate ; styles connected together. If. . H. Native of South America. Cistus-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 46 H. SONOA'RICUM (Ledeb. ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 297.) stem compressed; leaves elliptical, cordate, obtuse, glaucous, with pellucid dots ; sepals acuminated. Tf. . H. Native of the Kirghisian Steppe in Siberia. Soongarian St. John's-wort. PI. 1 foot. 47 H. DENSIFLORUM (Pursh, fl. sept. amer. 2. p. 37C.) plant very branchy ; branches roundish ; leaves linear-lanceolate, bluntish, tapering to the base ; panicle terminal, compound, di- chotomous, dense-flowered ; flowers solitary, pedicelled ; sepals very short, ovate, deciduous ; styles connected together. Tj . H. Native of North America on the dry ridges and savannahs of the Virginian mountains. Dense-flowered St. John's-wort, Fl. June, Jul. Shrub 2 feet. 48 H. PROCU'MBENS (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 81.) stem procumbent, somewhat tetragonal ; leaves linear-lanceolate, ra- ther blunt, with revolute edges, full of pellucid dots ; panicle terminal, dichotomous : sepals oblong-lanceolate, acute ; styles connected together. I/ . H. Native of North America on the sunny hills of Kentucky. Calyx as large as corolla. Procumbent St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. procumbent. 49 H. ROSMARINIFOLIUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 159.) stem round, erect ; leaves blunt, stem-clasping, ovate, with revolute edges ; sepals linear, obtuse, dotted ; styles connected together. >j . H. Native of Carolina. Rosemary-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812. Shrub 2 feet. 50 H. VIRGA TUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 158.) stem straight, quad- rangular ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, stem-clasping, full of black dots ; panicle few-flowered, dichotomous ; sepals lanceolate ; styles 2-3 ; stigmas capitate, y.. H. Native of North Ame- rica. Leaves with revolute margins. Twiggy St. John's-wort. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1 820. PL 1 1 ft. 51 H. HEDYOTIFOMUM (Poir. suppl. diet. 3. p. 700.) stem straight, quadrangular ; leaves sessile, decussate, lanceolate, acutish, pressed to the stem, covered with black dots beneath ; sepals linear-lanceolate, full of black dots ; styles 3-4, stigmas capitate. 1£.H. Native of North America. Hedyotis-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. Ju. Aug. PI. 1£ foot. 52 H. MYRTIFOLIUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 180.) stem round; leaves ovate-cordate, stem-clasping, or lanceolate-cuneated, with revolute edges ; flowers in dichotomous cymes ; sepals unequal, ovate, exceeding the corolla in length ; styles connected toge- ther. 1£. H. Native of North America. Myrtle-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. l| foot. 53 H. BRASILIE'NSE (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 547.) smooth ; branches tetragonal, ascending ; leaves linear, acutish, or bluntish, spreading, 3-nerved, full of pellucid dots ; flowers terminal, usually tern ; sepals linear-oblong, acuminated, acute ; corolla small ; styles 5, unconnected, straight. If. . S. Native of Brazil about Rio Janeiro and the province of Minas Geraes. Var. ft ; leaves broader, oblong-lanceolate ; flowers more numerous, subcymose ; stamens all fertile. In the province of Minas Geraes, near the town called Mantiqueira. Brazilian St. John's-wort. Fl. Oct. Shrub 2 feet. 54 H. DENUDA'TUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 336.; smooth; stem much branched, lower part naked, upper tetragonal ; leaves small, crowded, linear-sublanceolate, acute, full of pellucid dots; flowers at the tops of the branches, axillary and terminal, col- lected into corymbs, 4-5-gynous ; segments of calyx linear- HYPERICINEjE. III. HYPERICUM. 605 awl-shaped. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in that part of the pro- vince of St. Paul called Campos Geraes. Stamens numerous, polyadelphous at the base. Stigmas subcapitate. Naked-stemmed St. John's-wort. Fl. Feb. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 55 H. TE'BNUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 330.) smooth; stem suffruticose, erect, nearly simple ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse at the base, acutish at the apex, full of black dots, ap- proximate, pressed to the stem, lower and rameal ones oppo- site, upper ones tern ; flowers panicled, 3-4-gynous ; segments of calyx equal, oblong-lanceolate. J? • S. Native of Brazil in the southern part of the province of St. Paul. Stamens poly- adelphous at the base. Stigmas subcapitate. Tern-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. Mar. Shrub 1 foot. 56 H. TAMARISCI'NUM (Cham, et Schlecht. Linnaea. 3. p. 124.) stem shrubby, branched, delequescent ; leaves half-stem- clasping, lanceolate, acute, keeled, with involute margins, some- times imbricate, full of pellucid dots ; cymes terminal, with many small flowers, glandless ; calycine segments oval, acute, one-half shorter than the corolla, but equal with the calyx ; stamens 18, nearly free, length of petals ; styles 3, distinct. T; . S. Native of Brazil. Tamarix-like St. John's-wort. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 57 H. PELLETIERIA'NUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 334. t. 70.) smooth ; stem suflruticose, much branched, tetragonal above ; leaves crowded, small, linear-sublanceolate, acutish, full of pel- lucid dots, covered with resinous powder ; flowers small, nu- merous, paniculately-corymbose, trigynous ; segments of calyx ovate, bluntish, striated, quite entire ; stamens 10-20, free. Ij. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Cisplatine in the eastern part, on a mountain called Pao de Assucar. Stigmas subcapitate. Pelletier's St. John's-wort. Fl. Oct. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 58 H. PARVIF6LICM (St. -Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 333.) smooth; stem suffruticose, branched, tetragonal above ; leaves small, linear, obtuse, full of pellucid dots ; flowers small, very numer- ous ; paniculately corymbose, trigynous ; segments of calyx ovate, obtuse, quite entire ; stamens free. fj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of the Missions on the banks of Ibicuy. Small-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. Feb. Shrub 2 feet. 59 H. EUPHORBIOIUES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 332. t. [69.) smooth ; stem herbaceous, slender ; leaves ovate, or elliptical, obtuse, full of pellucid dots, glaucous beneath ; flowers small, trigynous; stamens 10-15, free. 1£. H. Native of Brazil on the banks of the river Parahyba near Rio Janeiro, as well as in the province of St. Paul. Stigmas capitate. Var. ft, minus (St. Hil. 1. c.) stems shorter ; leaves smaller ; flowers more loose, in forked, paniculate spikes. Rio Janeiro. Var. y, floribundum (St. Hil. 1. c.) stems numerous ; leaves smaller ; flowers more or less dense. In Minas Geraes. Euphorbia-like St. John's-wort. Fl. Sept. PI. ^ to 1 foot. 60 H. CORDIFO'RME (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 330.) smooth; stem suffruticose, upper part tetragonal ; leaves heart-shaped, coria- ceous, approximate, pressed to the stem ; flowers cymose, crowded, trigynous ; segments of calyx ovate, acute. I? . S. Native of Brazil in the southern part of the province of Minas Geraes. Stamens free. Stigmas subcapitate. Heart-formed-\eaved. St. John's-wort. Fl. Mar. Sh. } to !•£ ft. 61 H. TERETIU'SCULUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 331.) smooth ; stem erect, rather round ; branches tetragonal ; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, bluntish, full of black dots beneath ; flowers pa- nicled, pentagynous ; segments of calyx oblong-lanceolate, acute. Jj . S. Native of Brazil in the southern part of the province of St. Paul, where it is called Arudo do Campo. Stamens numerous, free. Stigmas subcapitate. Roundis h -stemmed St. John's-wort. Fl. Jan. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 62 H. PUNCTULA'TUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 334.) smooth; stem erect, tetragonal, a little branched ; leaves sublinear, ob- tuse, full of pellucid dots ; cyme trifid ; flowers pentagynous ; segments of calyx oblong, acuminated, acute. %.. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, not far from the town of Mantiqueira. Stamens 10-20, free. Stigmas subca- pitate. Small-dotted St. John's-wort. Fl. Dec. PI. 1 foot. 63 H. RI'OIDUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 336.) smooth; stem suffruticose, terete ; leaves linear or sublinear or oblong-linear, acute, full of pellucid dots, rigid, coriaceous ; flowers terminal, few, pentagynous ; segments of calyx linear-lanceolate, acute. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the southern part of the province of St. Paul, near the town called Curityba. Stamens numerous, free. Stigmas subcapitate. Var. ft, brevifolium (Hil. 1. c.) leaves shorter and more nu- merous ; flowers cymose or paniculately cymose. Stiff St. John's-wort. . Fl. Mar. Sh. 2 to 3 feet. 64 H. LINOIDES (St. Hil. fl, bras. 1. p. 333.) smooth ; stem subherbaceous, erect, very straight, tetragonal above ; leaves obtuse, hardly dotted, lower ones sublanceolate-linear ; panicle terminal, elongated ; segments of the calyx equal, linear, or ovate-lanceolate, acute ; stamens free ; styles 5. If. . S. Native of Brazil in the western part of the province of Rio Grande de St. Pedro do Sul, on the banks of a rivulet called Garapuita. Stigmas capitate. Flax-like St. John's-wort. Fl. Feb. PL 1 foot. 65 H. LAXIU'SCULUM (St. Hil. pi. us. bras. no. 62.) smooth ; stem herbaceous, upper part tetragonal ; leaves rather distant, obtuse, full of pellucid dots, lower ones narrow, lanceolate, upper and rameal ones linear-lanceolate ; flowers corymbose, pentagynous ; segments of the calyx equal, nearly linear, acute. 11 . S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of St. Paul and Minas Geraes, where the inhabitants employ a decoction of the leaves against the bites of serpents. Lobse-fiowered St. John's-wort. Fl. Feb. PI. 1 foot. 66 H. CAMPE'STRE (Cham, ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 3. p. 122.) stem shrubby, branched ; leaves oblong, tapering to the base, full of pellucid dots ; cymes terminal, leafless, glandless ; caly- cine segments narrow, lanceolate, ending in long acute acumens, shorter than the corolla, but longer than the capsule ; stamens numerous, short, nearly free ; styles 5, free, diverging. T? . S. Native of Brazil at Rio Negro. Petals yellow, orange at the tip. Field St. John's-wort. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 67 H. MYRIA'NTHUM (Cham, et Schlecht. Linnaea. 3. p. 123.) stem shrubby, straight, corymbosely branched ; leaves linear, obtuse, glaucous, full of pellucid dots; cymes terminal, small, and many-flowered, glandless ; calycine segments lanceolate, acute, one-half shorter than the corolla, but equal in length with the capsule ; stamens 12, nearly free, length of petals; styles 3, distinct. Jj . S. Native of Monte Video. Many-flowered St. John's-wort. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 68 H. PROLI'FICUM (Lin. mant. 106.) stem round; branches angular ; leaves linear-lanceolate, with revolute edges, full of pellucid dots ; corymbs few-flowered ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, stamens very numerous ; styles usually connected together. Tj . H. Native of North America in Virginia or Canada. Wats, dend. brit. t. 88. H. foliosum, Jacq. hort. Schoenbr. 3. p. 27. t. 299. H. Kalmianum, Du Roi. harbk. 1. p. 310. A very common shrub in the gardens. Prolific St. John's-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1758. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 69 H. TENUIFOLIUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 337.) smooth; stem short, tetragonal above ; leaves narrow-linear, acute, full of pellucid dots, revolute beneath ; flowers very few, axillary, and terminal, trigynous ; segments of calyx unequal, oblong, with long, acute acumens, fj . S. Native of Brazil in dry 606 HYPERICINEjE. III. HYPERICUM. fields near the town of St. Paul. Stamens polyadelphous to the middle. Fine-leaved St. Jolm's-wort. Fl. Mar. Shrub f to ^ foot. 70 H. GLAU'CUM (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 78.) stem round ; leaves cordate, stem-clasping, obtuse, with revolute margins, glaucous, full of pellucid dots ; flowers in very leafy panicles ; sepals ovate, obtuse ; stamens very numerous. Tf. . F. Native of Florida. Flowers large. Glaucous-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 71 H NUDIFLORUM (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 78.) stem te- tragonal and winged ; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, full of sharp dots ; panicle of flowers naked ; sepals linear-lanceolate, acute ; styles connected together. 1(. . H. Native of North America, particularly in Carolina. Flowers pale-yellow. Var. ft, ovatum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 548.) sepals ovate ; leaves stem-clasping. H. laevigatum, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 425. Var. y, ramosum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 548.) stem more branched and leafy. Naked-flowered St. John's-wort. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1811. PI. \\ foot. 72 H. SPH^EROCA'RPON (Mich. bor. amer. 2. p. 78.) stem an- gular, erect ; leaves oblong, obtuse, sessile, without dots ; panicle naked, dichotomous ; sepals linear-lanceolate, acute ; styles connected together ; capsules globose. If. , H. Native of North America in Kentucky and near Philadelphia. Nuttall gives the following character : stem 2-edged at the top ; leaves oblong, full of pellucid dots, obtuse ; cymes naked, compact ; calyx foliaceous, at first shorter than the petals ; styles 3, united or distinct ; stamens shorter than the petals ; not very numerous ; capsule globose. Round-capsuled St. John's-wort. PL 1-J foot. 73 H. GRAMI'NEUM (Forst. prod. 53.) stem tetragonal, dicho- tomous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, stem-clasping, sessile, without pellucid dots ; peduncles terminal, solitary, 1-flowered ; sepals linear-lanceolate; styles short, free; stigmas capitate. Tf.. H. Native of New Caledonia. Grassy St. John's-wort. PI. 1 foot. 74 H. FASTIGIA'TUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 195.) stem straight, branched at the top ; leaves oblong-lanceo- late, with revolute edges ; sepals linear-lanceolate ; stigmas somewhat funnel-shaped ; branchlets fastigiate. If. . H. Native of Mexico near Pazcuaro. Fastigiate-bmnchei St. John's-wort. PI. 2 feet. 75 H. QOADRA'NGULUM (Lin. spec. 11 04.) stem quadrangular, straight, branched ; leaves ovate, obtuse, full of pellucid dots, and with black dots on the edges ; panicle many-flowered ; sepals lanceolate ; anthers each tipped with dark purple glands. "!(.. H. Native throughout Europe in moist meadows and thickets. Plentiful in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 370. Curt, lond. fasc. 4. t. 52. Fl. dan. t. 640. Petals sometimes dotted, and streaked with dark purple. Root somewhat creeping. Var. ft, undulatum (Willd. enum. p. 811.) leaves with wavy edges. Tf.. H. Native of the South of Europe and north of Africa. Quadrangular-stemmed St. John's-wort or St. Peter's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Brit. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 76 H. DU'BIUM (Leers. 162. Willd. spec. 3. p. 1460.) stem obscurely quadrangular, erect, branched ; leaves obtuse, almost destitute of pellucid dots, but commonly with a broken row of coloured ones close to the margin ; sepals elliptical ; panicles many-flowered. If.. H. Native of Europe in rather moun- tainous groves and thickets. In England, about Sapey, near Clifton, Worcestershire ; Luton, Bedfordshire ; North Mimms, Herts ; at Dowton Castle, near Ludlow, and Hafod, Cardigan- shire, very abundantly. Smith, engl. bot. t. 296. H. Delphi- nense, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 497. t. 44. H. quadrangulum, ft dubium, D. C. prod. 1. p. 548. The petals and calyx are blotched and dotted with dark-purple. Var. ft, maculatum (Crantz. austr. fasc. 2. p. 64.) stems more branched; flowers more numerous; petals with black dots. If.. H. Native of Europe in groves and thickets, particularly in Austria and France. H. maculatum, Vill. dauph. no. 1433. t. 83. f. 1 . Doubtful or Imperforated St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PL 1 to 2 feet. 77 H. CONFE'RTUM ; stem almost simple, quadrangular, winged, destitute of black dots ; leaves short, obtuse, nearly destitute of pellucid dots, but with an irregular row of black ones near the margin; sepals acute, with pellucid dots. If.. H. Native of Europe. H. quadrangulum, var. S, confertum, D. C. prod. 1, p. 448. Panicles crowded. Petals without dots. Crowded-flowered St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. PL 1 to 2 feet. 78 H. TETRA'PTERUM (Fl. nov. suec. vol. 2. Schlecht. Lin- nsea. 4. p. 413.) stem 4-winged ; leaves ovate, obtuse, some- what mucronulate, full of minute pellucid dots, very much reti- culated ; segments of the calyx lanceolate, mucronate. I/ . H. Native of Europe, Sweden, &c. Flowers small. H. quadran- gulum, Schlecht. fl. berl. 1. p. 397. Four-winged-stemmed St. John's-wort. PL 2 feet. 79 H. TETRA'PTERA-QUADRA'NGULUM (Schlecht. 1. c. p. 414.) stem obsoletely quadrangular ; leaves elliptic, full of pellucid dots, reticulately veined ; calycine segments broad-lanceolate, acute. Tf. . H. Native with the last. There is a variety with less membranous angles, less reticulated leaves, and oblong, blunt, calycine segments, and larger flowers. I'our-ninged-four-angled-stemmed St. John's-wort. FL June, July. PL 1| foot. 80 H. PERFORA'TO-QUADRA'NGULUM (Schlecht. 1. c. p. 415.) stem obsoletely quadrangular ; leaves elliptic, full of pellucid dots, reticulately veined ; calycine segments lanceolate or oblong- elliptic, acutish. "If. . H. Native of Sweden ? Flowers large. There is a variety with dotless leaves. Perforated-quadrangular St. John's-wort. Fl. June, July. PL \\ foot. 81 H. ATTENUA'TUM (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 47. t. 6.) stem round, erect, full of black dots ; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, somewhat stem-clasping, full of black dots ; sepals lanceolate, with black dots ; petals with black dots at the apex. Tf. . H. Native of Siberia. Tapering St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. PL 1 to 1| foot. 82 H. RE'PENS (Lin. spec. 1103.) stem suffruticose, round, purplish, ascending and prostrate ; leaves ovate-linear, obtuse, approximate, scarcely perforated ; corymbs few-flowered ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, with black dots. If. . H. Native of the Levant and of Europe in the region of the Mediterranean. Creeping St. John's-wort. Fl. PL prostrate. 83 H. CONNA'TUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 168.) smooth; stem nearly simple ; leaves connately-perfoliate, the free part ovate, acutish or obtuse, girded by an elevated margin, glaucous and dotted with black beneath, coriaceous ; flowers cymose, penta- gynous ; bracteas linear-awl-shaped ; segments of calyx ovate, acuminated. 1? . S. Native of Brazil. St. Hil. pi. us. bras, no. 61. This plant is astringent, and a decoction of it is used in Brazil as a gargle for a sore throat. Connate-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub 1| foot. 84 H. CHLORJEFOLIUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 329.) smooth ; stem simple; leaves connately perfoliate, the free part semi- circular, mucronulate, girded by an elevated margin, glaucous HYPERICINE^:. III. HYPERICUM. GOT beneath and full of black dots, coriaceous, distant ; flowers cymose, pentagynous ; segments of calyx ovate, acuminated. 1? . S. Native of Brazil in that part of the province of St. Paul called Campos Geraes. Stamens very numerous, nearly free. Stigmas subcapitate. Chlora-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. Feb. Shrub 1£ foot. 85 H. ERE'CTUM (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 296.) stem round, purple, straight ; leaves lanceolate, acute, stem- clasping, with revolute edges ; sepals lanceolate. If. . F. Native of Japan in the moun- tains of Nagasaki. Erect St. John's-wort. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 86 H. JAPO'NICUM (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 295. t. 31.) stem weak, tetragonal, smooth, decumbent ; leaves broad-ovate or oval, mucronate, somewhat cordate, obtuse, with revolute edges, full of pellucid dots ; flowers solitary, loosely panicled ; sepals almost equal in length with corolla and stamens ; styles 3, short, diverging. If. . H. Native of Japan and of Nipaul in bogs near the town of Katmandu. H. dichotomum, Hamil. mss. Pedun- cles solitary or tern, 1 -flowered. Stems decumbent. Branches erect. Flowers small. Var. ft, ramdsum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 549.) stem branched; leaves and flowers more crowded. Japan St. John's-wort. Fl. May. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 foot. 87 H. DICHO'TOMUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 167.) stem suffruticose at the base, round, dichotomously branched ; leaves small, linear- elongated, obtuse, tapering to the base, full of obscure pel- lucid dots ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute ; stamens 9, free. fy . S. Native of St. Domingo. Perhaps this species belongs to Elodea. Dichotomous-}eaveA St. John's-wort. Shrub 2 feet. 88 H. CRI'SPUM (Lin.mant. 106.) stem round, much branched ; leaves sessile, lanceolate, sinuately waved at the base, full of pellucid dots ; sepals small, blunt. I/ . H. Native of the regions of the Mediterranean. — Bocc. mus. 2. p. 34. t. 12. CWerf-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1688. PI. 1 foot. 89 H. PILOSUM (Walt. fl. carol. 190.) stem twiggy, simple; leaves dilated, ovate, sometimes tapering to the base ; panicles terminal, few-flowered. Tj . F. Native of North America in Virginia and Carolina. H. Virginianum, &c. Pluk. aim. t. 245. f. 6. A'scyrum villosum, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1474. Pilose St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot. 90 H. SI'MPLEX (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 80.) pilose; stem simple, round, woolly ;' leaves oblong, pressed to the stem, chan- nelled, pubescent ; flowers few, almost sessile ; sepals ovate, ciliated; styles 3, free; stigmas capitate. Q. H. Native of Lower Carolina and Georgia. «Smy)/e-stemmed St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. PL | foot. 91 H. NUTTA'LLII; leaves oblong-ovate, partly connate at the base, and always pressed close to the stem. If. H. Native of North America. H. new, Nutt. gen. 2. p. 17. Differs from H. simplex,- Michx. Stem simple. The whole plant is covered with matted, somewhat scabrous pubescence. Nultall's St. John's-wort. PI. 1 foot. 92 H. HETEROPHY'LLTJM (Vent. hort. eels. t. 68.) stem suf- fruticose, round ; leaves linear-lanceolate, full of pellucid dots, axillary ones crowded, imbricate, very short, blunt ; sepals acute, somewhat unequal, Tj . F. Native of Persia. Various-leaved St. John's-wort. Clt. 1712. Fl. July, Aug. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 93 H. jEoYPiiAcuM (Lin. spec. 1103.) stem round; leaves small, ovate, crowded, without dots ; flowers few, almost sessile ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; styles small, diverging. Jj • F. Native of Egypt. Lin. amren. 8. p. 323. t, 8. f. 3. Ker. bot. reg. 196. Leaves glaucous. Flowers small. Egyptian St. John's-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1787. Shrub | to \\ foot. 94 H. NAvNUM(Poir. diet, suppl. 3. p. 699.) stem sufFruticose ; leaves ovate-roundish, very blunt, mucronulate, full of pellucid dots ; sepals very thin, acute, lanceolate. T? . F. Native of Syria. Dwarf St. John's-wort. Shrub |- foot. 95 H. AUSTRA'LE (Tenore, fl. neap. app. 5th. ex Linnsea. 3. p. 103.) petals and calyx entire, full of black dots ; leaves opaque, dotless, veiny, oblong-elliptic, obtuse, full of black dots on the margins ; stem herbaceous, obsoletely quadrangular at the base ; flowers cymose ; petals 3 times larger than the calyx ; filaments and anthers dotless. If. H. Native of Lucania. H. humi- fusum, Tenore, prod. H. dubium, Mauri, rom. pi. cent. 13. p. 27. exclusive of the synonymes. Southern St. John's-wort. PI. trailing. 96 H. CUNEA'TUM (Poir. suppl. diet. 3. p. 699.) branches roundish, smooth ; leaves obovate, cuneated at the base, obtuse, on short petioles, with a few black glandular dots ; flowers few ; sepals linear-lanceolate, longer than the corolla ; stamens 15-20. If. . F. Native of the Levant. Cuneated-leaved St. John's-wort. PI. prostrate. 97 H. HUMIFU SUM (Lin. spec. 1103.) stem compressed, pros- trate ; leaves elliptical, blunt, full of fine pellucid and black dots on the margins ; flowers cymose, terminal ; sepals ovate, longer than the corolla ; stamens 15-20. l/.H. Native of most parts of Europe and Caucasus in sandy, gravelly, heathy, and rather boggy places ; frequent in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1226. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 3. t. 50. Oed. fl. dan. t. 141. This species has a lemon-like scent, as well as H. dubium and H. perforatum. Trailing St. John's-wort. Fl. July. Britain. PL trailing. 98 H. CvESPiiosuM (Cham, et Schlecht. Linnoca. 3. p. 126.) stems herbaceous^ prostrate, rising from a woody root, and ascending, tufted ; leaves linear, obtuse, full of pellucid dots ; cymes terminal, leafy, few-flowered, glandless ; calycine segments lanceolate, shorter than the corolla, but longer than the capsule ; stamens about 25, nearly free; styles 3, short, free. 2£. S. Native of Chili on dry hills about Talcaguano. Tufted St. John's-wort. PL trailing. 99 H. ANAGALLOI'DES (Cham, et Schlecht. Linnasa. 3. p. 127.) herbaceous, trailing, and creeping ; leaves 5-7-nerved, ovate, obtuse, full of pellucid dots ; cyme terminal, leafy, few-flowered, glandless ; calycine segments obovate, shorter than the corolla ; stamens 15-20, nearly free; styles 3, free. If. H. Native of California. Like H, humifusum. Pimpernel-like St. John's-wort. PL trailing. 100 H. LIOTTA'RDI (Vill. dauph. t. 44.) stem erectish ; leaves oblong, blunt, full of fine pellucid and black dots on their mar- gins ; flowers cymose, sometimes 4-parted, terminal ; sepals linear-lanceolate, longer than the corolla. $ . H, Native of Dauphiny. Liottard's St. John's-wort. Fl. July. Clt. 1819. PL | foot. 101 H. PUSI'LLUM (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 20.) stem weak, prostrate, tetragonal ; leaves ovate, obtuse, full of pellucid dots ; sepals lanceolate ; petals upright ; stigmas capitate. Tf.F. Na- tive of New Holland. A'scyrum humifusum, Lab. ill. nov. holl. 2. p. 33. t. 175. Small St. John's-wort. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. PL trailing. 102 H. INVOLU TDM (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 50.) stem ascend- ing, 4-winged, slender ; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, full of pel- lucid dots ; panicle loose, dichotomous ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; corolla involute ; stigmas capitate. If. , ¥. Native of New Holland. A'scyrum involutum, Lab. ill. nov. holl. 2. p. 32. 1. 1 74. /jitWwte-flowered St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. PL £ foot. 103 H. AVFRUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 166.) stem suffruticose, round, winged ; leaves oblong, obtuse ; full of fine pellucid dots, 608 HYPERICINE^E. III. HYPERICUM. and with black ones beneath and at the margins ; sepals acute, rather unequal, sometimes serrated. tj . F. Native of Barbary, Spain, and Syria. African St. John's-wort. Shrub 6 feet. 104 H. PERFORATUM (Lin spec. 1105.) stem 2-edged; leaves ovate or elliptical, with copious, pellucid dots ; flowers panicled ; sepals lanceolate, full of pellucid dots ; anthers with black dots ; styles short, erect, tf. . H. Native every where throughout Europe, north of Africa, Siberia, in groves, hedges, and thickets. Abundant in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 295. Curt. lond. fasc. 1. t. 57. Oed. fl. dan. 1043. Turp. in diet. sc. nat. with a figure. Root tufted. Flowers bright-yellow, dotted, and streak- ed with purple. This plant has a powerful lemon-like scent when rubbed, staining the fingers with dark purple, from the great abundance of coloured essential oil lodged in the herbage, and even in the petals. As this plant was found to bleed at the slightest touch, it was supposed to have a vulnerary quality, and became the " balm of the warrior's wound," giving a blood-red colour to every composition, whether of a spiritous or oily nature into which it entered. The essential oil, the seat of this colour, is aromatic, and possibly tonic or stimulating, without much acrimony. Although in the present practice this plant is not much regarded as a medicine, yet its sensible qualities, and the re- peated testimonies of its virtues, entitle it to further trials. To the taste it is astringent and bitter, and it seems to be chiefly diuretic. It has been given in ulcerations of the kidneys, and lias even been supposed to possess virtues as a febrifuge. The leaves given in substance are said to destroy worms. The dried plant, boiled with alum, dyes wool yellow. The common people in France and Germany gather this species of St. John 's-nort with great ceremony on St. John's day, and hang it in their windows, as a charm against storms, thunder, and evil spirits ; mistaking the meaning of some medical writers, who have fancifully given this plant the name of Fuga Dcemo- num, from a supposition that it was good in maniacal and hypo- chondriacal disorders. Formerly it was also carried about by the people of Scotland as a charm against witchcraft and enchant- ment ; and they fancy it cures ropy milk, which they suppose to be under some malignant influence, by milking afresh upon the herb. Kine and goats eat it, but horses and sheep refuse it. Far. j3,latiglanduldsum (D.C. prod. 1. p. 550.) glands broader and fewer ; leaves more crowded at the top ; panicles more straight and fewer flowered. Var. y, elatum (D. C. 1. c.) stem taller, with more distant in- ternodes ; leaves smaller, with revolute margins ; branches straighter ; panicles loose, few-flowered. Var. S, punctatum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 550.) stem dwarfer ; sepals blunter, sometimes with glandular margins ; corolla with black dots. Var. t, microphyllum (D.C. 1. c.) all parts of the plant are more crowded and smaller ; panicles straight, many-flowered. Var. £, albiflbrum (D. C. 1. c.) flowers white. Perforated or Common St. John's-wort. Fl. June, Sept. Brit. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 105 H. QUINQUENE'RVIUM (Walt. fl. carol. 190.) stem tetra- gonal ; leaves somewhat stem-clasping, ovate, obtuse, obscurely 5-nerved, full of pellucid dots, which are acute on the under surface ; corymbs dichotomous ; sepals linear-lanceolate. I/ . H. Native from Canada to Carolina in overflowed places and on Mount Quindiu in South America. H. stellarioides, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 196. H. parviflorum, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1456. H. mutilum, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1471. Corolla shorter than the calyx. Five-nerved-\eaved St. John's-wort. Fl. June, Sept. Clt 1759. PI. 1 foot. 106 H. THYMIFOLIUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 186. t. 455.) stem shrubby; branches dichotomous; leaves oblong, small, bluntish, full of pellucid dots ; sepals oblong ; styles free ; stigmas peltate, fj . G. Native of South America near Santa Fe de Bogota ? Thyme-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub. 107 H. BREVI'STYLUM (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 51. t. 7.) stem prostrate, slender ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, rather blunt, full of pellucid dots ; panicles few-flowered ; sepals lanceolate ; styles connected, very short ; stigmas capitate. l/.F. Native of South America. Short-styled St. John's-wort. PI. prostrate. 108 H. ELONGA'TUM (Ledeb. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 347.) branches round ; leaves sessile, linear, glaucous, without dots, with revolute margins ; peduncles opposite ; sepals blunt, striated, entire ; petals large, with glandular margins. If. . H. Native of Siberia in the Kirghisean Steppe at Lake Saisan. Elongated St. John's-wort. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 109 H. DENTICULA'TUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 191. t. 458.) stem ascending; leaves linear-lanceolate, with retrograde teeth at the margins ; flowers decandrous ; sepals oblong-lanceolate ; petals obovate-cuneated ; styles free, very short ; stigmas subcapitate. !{. . F. Native of Mexico near Guanaxuato. Toothletted-leaved St. John's-wort. PI. 1 foot. 110 H. CERVANTE'SII (Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 347.) stem erect, 2-edged at the apex, dichotomous; leaves stem- clasping, linear, acuminate, with revolute margins ; flowers cymose, leaning to one side ; sepals lanceolate, entire. 1£ . F. Native of Mexico. Cervantes's St. John's-wort. PL 1 foot. 111 H. LALA'NDII (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 50.) stem tetragonal, with black dots ; leaves lanceolate, acute, with revo- lute margins, rather stem-clasping, and pressed against the stem ; panicle few-flowered, dichotomous ; sepals linear-lanceolate, longer than the corolla ; styles 3, free. 7£ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Laland's St. John's-wort. PI. ? 112 H. SILENOI'DES (Juss. ann. mus. 3. p. 162. t. 16. f. 3.) leaves lanceolate, with revolute edges ; flowers leaning to one side; sepals narrow, acute, glandular. 2£.G. Native of Peru on the Andes. Panicle dichotomous. Silene-like St. John's-wort. PI. 1 foot. 113 H. INDE'CORUM. (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 193.) stem branched at the base; branches elongated, tetra- gonal ; flowers usually pentandrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, dotted ; stigmas somewhat capitate. I/ . F. Native of South America near Loxa. Var. /3, paniculatum (D.C. prod. 1. p. 550.) stem straight, many-flowered ; flowers small, pentandrous or heplandrous ; petals linear. 3J. F. Native of South America near Ario. H. paniculatum, H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. 5. p. 195. t. 459. Indecorous St. John's-wort. PI. 1 foot. 114 H. CANADE'NSE (Lin. spec. 1104.) stem herbaceous, straight, 4-winged ; leaves linear, bluntish, full of very fine pellucid dots, but with black ones beneath ; panicles elongated, dichotomous ; sepals lanceolate ; styles very short ; capsules conical, red. If. . H. Native of North America from Canada to Carolina, and of Mexico, in low gravelly places. Flowers very small. Var. ft, minimum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 550.) much smaller in stature ; flowers fewer. H. thesiifolium, pauciflorum and Mo- ranense of H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 5. p. 192 and 193. appear to be only varieties of this plant. Tf.. F. Native of Mexico. Canadian St. John's-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1770. PI. foot. HYPERICINEjE. III. HYPERICUM. GOO 115 H. TARQUE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 1 93.) stem straight, branched, dichotomous, corymbosely-many- flowered ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, dotted, with revolute mar- gins ; sepals lanceolate, acuminate ; styles 3-5 ; stigmas some- what capitate. If. . G. Native of South America in mountainous places of Quito. Tarquo St. John's-wort. PI. 1 foot. 116 H. GALIOIDES (Lam. diet. 4. p. 161.) stem suffruticose, round, straight ; leaves linear-lanceolate, tapering to the base, broadest at the apex, acute, with revolute dotted margins ; sepals linear, acute, reflexed after flowering ; styles at first connected, but at length free ; capsules conical, very acute. Tj . H. Na- tive of North America from New Jersey to Carolina in sandy moist places near rivulets. Petals equal in length to the stamens, scarcely longer than the calyx. Galium-like St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Sept. Shrub 2 feet. 117 H. AXILLARE (Lam. diet. 4. p. 160.) stem shrubby, round, diffuse ; leaves lanceolate-linear, narrowed at the base, with revolute margins ; sepals rather unequal ; styles at first joined, but afterwards free. Tj . H. Native of North America in the pine- woods of Georgia and Florida. H. fasciculatum, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1452. exclusive of the synonyme of Mich. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 376. H. Coris, Walt. fl. carol. 190. Peduncles on the top of the branches, axillary, 3-flowered, with - the middle flower sessile. Flowers about the size of those of H. perforation. /? angary-flowered St. John's-wort. Fl. Jul. Sh. 1 to 2 feet. 118 H. ORIGANIFOLIUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1467.) stem ascend- ing, downy ; leaves ovate, blunt, pubescent, full of pellucid dots ; flowers large, few ; sepals linear, acute, smooth, with a few black dots at the apex ; corolla full of black dots ; stamens very numerous. If. . F. Native of the East about Constantinople, Armenia, and Thrace. H. Lusitanicum, Poir. Marjoram-leaved St. John's-wort. PI. 1 foot. * * Sepals toothed, usually with the teeth glandular. 119 H. ELODES (Lin. spec. 1106.) stem villous, round, pro- cumbent ; leaves roundish-ovate, blunt, shaggy, tomentose, full of pellucid dots ; panicle loose, few-flowered ; calyx hardly di- vided half-way down into 5 ovate, obtuse segments, fringed with glands ; stamens few ; stigmas capitate. If. . H. Native through- out the north of Europe in marshes. In Britain in spongy, especially mountainous, bogs. Schkuhr. handb. 3. 213. 5. Smith, engl. bot. t. 109. H. tomentbsum, Lob. icon. 400. f. 1. Petals expanding in the sun only, pale-yellow, with green ribs. Marsh St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Brit. PI. prostrate. 120 H. TOMENTOSUM (Lin. spec. 1106.) stem round, ascend- ing, tomentose ; leaves ovate, blunt, rather stem-clasping, with black-dotted margins ; panicles loose, dichotomous ; sepals acu- minated ; stigmas simple. 1£ . H. Native of the south of Europe, particularly in the regions of the Mediterranean, in moist meadows. — Clus. hist. 2. p. 181. f. 1. — Mor. hist. 2. p. 470. sect. 5. t. 6. no. 5. Tomentose St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1648. PI. | to 4 foot. 121 H. LANUGINOSUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 171.) woolly; stem suffruticose, round, straight ; leaves stem-clasping, ovate, obtuse, with black-dotted margins ; corymb of flowers large, dichoto- mous, many-flowered ; calyx obtuse ; anthers with black dots. 1£ . F. Native of the Levant and Greece. Woolly St. John's-wort. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 122 H. HIRSU TUM (Lin. spec. 1105.) stem round, hairy, erect; leaves ovate-oblong, downy, ribbed, full of pellucid dots, inter- mixed with a few dark ones ; panicle long, racemose ; calyx lanceolate, somewhat acute ; fringed like the bracteas with nu- VOL. i. — PART. vn. rnerous black, viscid glands, on shortish stalks, such as also terminate the petals; styles diverging. !(.. H. Native of most parts of Europe and Caucasus in shady places. In Britain in thickets and hedges, chiefly on a dry chalky soil. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1156. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 3. t. 49. CEd. fl. dan. t. 802. Flowers of a bright-yellow colour ; according to Linnaeus they close at night. Hairy St. John's-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Brit. PL 2 to 3 ft. 123 H. NUMMULA*RiUM(Lin. spec. 1106.) stem round, ascend- ing ; leaves orbicular, stalked ; calyx ovate, obtuse. If. . H. Native of the south of France, Piedmont, &c. on rocky moun- tains. Lam. ill. t. 643. — Pluk. phyt. t. 93. f. 4. Money-rvort-lenveil St. John's-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PL 1 to | foot, rather prostrate. 124 H. E LEGANS (Steph. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 1469.) stem erect, winged, full of black dots ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, rather stem-clasping, bluntish, full of pellucid dots ; calyx ovate-lan- ceolate, acute, with pellucid dots ; anthers with black dots. •y.. H. Native of Siberia, and near Hale in Saxony, also of Bohemia and Moravia. H. Kohlianum, Spreng. fl. hal. no. 864. t. 9. H. anagalidif61ium, Presl. This is an elegant plant. Elegant St. John's-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. PL 1 ft. 125 H. GLANDULOSUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 3. p. 107.) stem shrubby, round, erect, branched; leaves elliptical- lanceolate, acute, with glandular margins, and pellucid dots ; calyx lanceolate, acute. Tj . G. Native of Madeira and Tene- riffe. Corolla pale-yellow, full of brown dots. Glandular St. John's-wort. FL May, Aug. Clt. 1777. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 126 H. PU'LCHRUM (Lin. spec. 1106.) stem herbaceous, erect, round ; leaves stem-clasping, cordate, smooth, blunt, full of pellucid dots, with revolute margins ; calyx ovate, obtuse, with glandular serratures, like those of the petals. If. . H. Native of most parts of Europe in shady places. In Britain in woods and bushy heathy places, on a clay soil, frequent. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1227. Curt. lond. fasc. 1. t. 56. CEd. fl. dan. t. 75. no. 73. Flowers golden, tipped externally with scarlet, which, combined with the red anthers, has a very gay appearance. Fair St. John's-wort. Fl. July. Brit. PL 1 to \\ foot. 127 H. ANNULA'TUM (Mor. sard, elench. p. 9.) plant cine- reously-pubescent below but smooth above ; leaves oval-oblong, stem-clasping, full of pellucid dots, and with black dots on the margin ; bracteas glandular, crowded, pedicellate, and annular at the base, and are lanceolate as well as the sepals, which are ciliated with glands. If.. H. Native of Sardinia in the fissures of rocks. Styles 3. Anthers full of black dots. ^wnu/ar-bracted St. John's-wort. PL 128 H. ELODIOIDES (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 551.) stem round, smooth, simple, without dots ; leaves oval, obtuse, many-nerved, smooth, stem-clasping, glandular at the base, glaucous beneath ; panicle crowded ; sepals lanceolate, acute, fringed with glands ; petals oval, with glandular margins. 1£ . H. Native of Nipaul at Narainhetty. H. nervosum, D. Don, - prod. fl. nep. p. 219. Leaves and calyxes full of pellucid dots. Petals sulphur-coloured, tipped with black dots. Elodes-like St. John's-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. £ to 1 foot. 129 H. BARBA'TUM (Lin. amoen. 8. p. 323.) stem round or somewhat angular, erect, smooth ; leaves stem-clasping, ovate, smooth, full of black dots ; calyx and petals fringed with pale hairs, and beset with black dots as well as the anthers. If . H. Native of Austria- and many parts of the south of Europe, par- ticularly in the region of the Mediterranean. In Scotland by the side of a hedge near the wood of Aberdalgy in Strathearn, Perthshire. Jacq. austr. 3. p. 33. t. 259. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1986. 41 610 HYPERICINEjE. III. HYPERICUM. Far. ft, Caldbricum (D. C. prod. l.p. 551.) leaves more erect, pressed to the stem. H. Calabricum, Spreng. neue. entd. 3. p. 300. Bearded St. John's-wort. Fl. Sept. Oct. Scotl. PI. 1 foot. 130 H. PEHFOLIA'TUM (Lin. syst, 707.) stem 2-edged; leaves ovate, stem-clasping, dotted, and glandular ; sepals and petals fringed, and dotted ; cymes with sessile flowers. I/ . H. Na- tive of Italy. Perfoliate-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1785. PL 1 foot. 131 H. DENTA'TUM (Lois. fl. gall. p. 499. t. 17.) stem suffru- ticose, round, ascending ; leaves stem-clasping, oblong, bluntish, full of pellucid dots, upper ones sometimes toothed ; calyx lan- ceolate, acute, and is as well as the corolla and anthers furnished with black dots. 1£ . H. Native of the Stcechades Islands. Tooled-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1820. PL 1 foot. 132 H. MONTA'NUM (Lin. spec. 1105.) stem round, erect, smooth ; leaves stem-clasping, ovate, acutish, besprinkled with pellucid dots, and marked on the margins with black dots ; calyx lanceolate, with dense, prominent, glandular serratures ; anthers dotted with black. If. . H. Native of the mountainous parts of Europe. In Britain on wild bushy hills on a chalky or gravelly soil. Smith, engl. bot. t. 371. CEd. fl. dan. t. 173. Leaves 1^- to 2 inches long. Bracteas fringed like the calyx, resembling the glands of a moss-rose. Petals pale-lemon co- loured, without spots or glands. Mountain St. John's-wort. Fl. July. Brit. PL 2 feet. 133 H. MJE'SICUM (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 348.) stem round, erect, full of black dots ; leaves lanceolate, stem-clasping, obtuse, full of black dots ; panicle corymbose ; sepals lanceolate, fringed, with glandular teeth. I/ . H. Native of Galacz in Moldavia. Flowers lemon-coloured. Mcesian St. John's-wort. FL July, Aug. PL 1 foot. 134 H. FIMBRIA'TUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 148.) stem round, pur- plish, simple ; leaves stem-clasping, ovate, with black dots, margins without any pellucid dots ; calyx ovate, acute, fringed ; styles 3-4-5. If. . H. Native of the Alps and the Pyrenees. H. Richeri, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 501. t. 44. Var. ft, androscemifblium (Vill. dauph. 3. p. 502. t. 44.) stem more creeping ; leaves more ovate. H. alpinum, Waldst. et Kit. pi. hung. 3. p. 2S4. t. 265. Var. y, Burseri (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 630.) stem taller ; leaves blunter ; bracteas longer ; calyx shorter, less fringed. Var. S, penlagynum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 552.) stems thicker ; leaves blunter; calyx longer ; flowers all pentagynous. Fringed-calyned St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. PL 1 to 2 feet. 135 H. JITHIO'PICUM (Thunb. prod. 1. p% 138.) stem round, smooth, reddish ; leaves ovate, somewhat stem-clasping, full of pellucid- dots, with revolute margins ; panicle terminal, dichoto- mous ; calyx very acute ; corolla and anthers full of black dots. "U..G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ethiopian St. John's-wort. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1817. PL 1 ft. 136 H. CILIA'TUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 170.) stem round, rather 2-edged; leaves stem-clasping, somewhat cordate, ovate-oblong, obtuse, full of pellucid dots, and with black ones on the margins ; calyx rather acute, fringed; anthers with black dots. Tf.. H. Native of the south of Europe, particularly in the regions of the Mediterranean. — Bocc. mus. 2. t. 127.— Column, ecphr. p. 77. t. 78. f. 1. Var. ft, acutifolium (D. C. prod. 1. p. 552.) leaves smaller, more acute; flowers on longer pedicels. — Bocc. mus. 2. p 117 t. 91, 92. Ciliated-ca\yxed St. John's-wort. FL July, Aug. Clt 1739 PL 1 to 1| foot. 137 H. SERPYLLIFOLIUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 176.) stem suffru- ticose, round ; leaves ovate, obtuse, on very short petioles, with revolute margins ; calyx ovate, obtuse, fringed. Tj . F. Na- tive of Persia. — Mor. hist. 2. p. 469. sect. 5. t. 6. f. 2. Wild-thyme-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1688. Shrub 1J foot. 138 H. CONFE'RTUM (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 55. t. 8.) stem round, villous at the base ; leaves lanceolate, acute, villous, full of pellucid dots, and with revolute margins ; calyx lanceolate. If. . F. Native of the Levant. CVowrferf-flowered St. John's-wort. PL 1 foot. 139 H. TRIPLINE'RVE (Vent. hort. eels. t. 58.) stem with 2 angles, decumbent at the base ; leaves linear, spreading, obtuse, with revolute margins; calyx ovate, acute, fringed with glan- dular serratures ; petals unequal. I/ . H. Native of North America on the banks of the Ohio. Flowers about the size of those of H. perforaium, pale-yellow. Triple-nerved-leaved St. John's-wort. FL July, Aug. Clt. 1821. PL Ifoot. 140 H. HYSSOPIFOLIUM (Vill. dauph. 3. p. 505. t. 44.) stem suffruticose, round, ascending ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, bluntish, tapering to both ends, full of pellucid dots, in fascicles in the axils ; calyx bluntish ; styles 3-4. If. . H. Native of the south of France, particularly in Dauphiny, also of Tauria. Var. ft, pauciglandulbsum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 552.) leaves broader ; stem smaller ; calyx more acute, with fewer glands. Hyssop-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PL 1 foot. 141 H. LINEARIFOLIUM (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 65.) stem straight, round ; leaves linear, obtuse, with black-dotted margins, with- out pellucid dots ; calyx lanceolate, full of black dots. If.. H. Native of the west and south of France. Linear-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. PL 1 foot. 142 H. OR'IENTA'LE (Lin. spec. 1103.) stem shrubby, slender, suffruticose, with 2 angles, erect and jointed ; leaves stem-clasp- ing, linear, obtuse, erect, fringed with glandular hairs ; calyx ovate-oblong. If.. F. Native of the Levant. — Tourn. voy. lev. 2. t. 220. Eastern St. John's-wort. PL \ to 1 foot. 143 H. PA'LLENS (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 219.) stem round, slender, simple ; leaves elliptical-oblong, blunt, membranaceous, sessile, usually fringed with glandular hairs, full of pellucid dots ; flowers panicled ; calyx lanceolate, acuminate ; petals oval, mucronulate. If. . H. Native of Nipaul. H. Nipaul- ensis, Chois. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 552. Flowers sulphur- coloured. Pa/e-flowered St. John's-wort. PL £ foot. 144 H. SCA'BRUM (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 287.) stem round, glan- dular, scabrous ; leaves linear, smooth, acutish ; flowers um- belled, terminal ; calyx small, ovate, obtuse, without glands ; styles 3, free. If. . F. Native of Arabia and Barbary. , brazo, to overheat ; in allusion to the habit of the shrubs, which resemble savin-tree or juniper). Chois. prod, p. 58. D. C. prod. 1. p. 553. Calyx of 5 entire equal sepals, usually very like the leaves. Stamens numerous, disposed in bundles. Styles 3-4. Subshrubs, with axillary, solitary flowers, and imbricate, whorled, or crowded leaves, which are usually linear-awl-shaped. * » * Styles 3, with simple stigmas. 150 H. STRUTHIOL^EFOLIUM (Juss. ann. mus. 3. p. 160. t. 16. f. 2.) stem slender, chinky ; branches adpressed; leaves oppo- site, with revolute margins, without dots, those at the top of the branches imbricate ; sepals lanceolate, without dots ; petals lanceolate. Tj . S. Native of Peru. Var, ft, minimum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 553.) stature smaller. Var, y, strictum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 553.) branches longer, straight. H. strictum, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 190. Struthiola-leavcd St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot. 151 H. ACERO'SUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 187. t. 457.) branches scabrous, tetragonal ; leaves all imbricate, feathery, thickish ; sepals lanceolate-oblong ; petals unequal- sided, obovate. I? . S. Native of South America on the Andes about Quito. Feathery-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot. 152 H. ACICULAVRE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 190.) branches scabrous, straight; leaves needle-shaped, spread- ing ; flowers monogynous, middle-sized ; sepals lanceolate ; petals pointed. Tj . S. Native of South America near Loxa. Needle-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot. 153 H. LARICIFO'LIUM (Juss. ann. mus. 3. p. 160. t. 16. f. 1.) stem round, scabrous, with spreading branches ; leaves lanceo- late, tapering to both ends, crowded ; sepals lanceolate, without dots ; petals lanceolate ; styles very long ; stigmas thick. Tj . S. Native of Peru. Larch-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot. 154 H. THUYOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 187. t. 456.) branchlets scabrous, tetragonal, spreading; leaves decussately-opposite, ovate, acutish ; flowers solitary ; sepals elliptical-oblong; petals obovate ; stigmas obtuse, fj . S. Na- tive of South America on the Andes about Quindiu. Thuja-like St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot. 155 H. CARACCASA'NUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1458.) branches tetragonal, winged ; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, approximate, somewhat imbricate ; flowers terminal and lateral ; stigmas thick, truncate. ^ . S. Native of South America, near Caraccas. Caraccas St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot. 156 MEXICA NUM (Lin. amcen. 8. p. 322. t. 8. f. 2.) branches somewhat tetragonal, ringed ; leaves imbricate, ovate-oblong, obtuse, fan-nerved, smooth, viscid, dotted beneath ; flowers soli- tary, terminal ; stigmas depressed, capitate. ^ . S. Native of South America at Santa Fe de Bogota. H. Mutisianum, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 188. Mexican St. John's-wort. Shrub 3 feet. 157 H. REVOLU'TUM (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 66.) branches wrinkled, somewhat tetragonal at the base, but 2-edged at the apex ; leaves linear-lanceolate, approximate, revolute at the base ; styles joined together. 1} . F. Native of Arabia Felix on the moun- tains. H. scabrum ? Lin. amoen. 4. p. 287. H. Kalmianum, Forsk. Revolute-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot. 158 H. NI'TIDUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 160.) stem round; branches rather angular ; leaves very narrow, without dots ; sepals rather unequal; styles joined, tj . S. Native of ? Shining-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot. 159 H. FASCICULA'TUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 160. but not of Lapeyr.) stem round, compressed at the top ; branches erect ; leaves dense, without dots, channelled, with somewhat revolute margins ; sepals equal, erect ; styles joined. ^ • F- Native of Carolina. H. aspalathoides, Pursh, fl. sept. amer. 2. p. 376. Branches somewhat dichotomous. Leaves in fascicles, linear, acute. Flowers solitary, axillary, almost sessile. Stamens shorter than the petals. Fascicled-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1811. Shrub 1 foot. 160 H. TENUIFO'LIUM (Pursh, fl. sept. amer. 2. p. 377.) branches angular ; leaves crowded, as if they were in whorled fascicles, filiform, linear, convex, obtuse, sessile ; peduncles ax- illary at the top of the branches, 1-3-flowered ; styles connected together; sepals leaf-formed. P? . F. Native of Georgia. H. fasciculatum, Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p, 80. H. Michauxii, Poir. diet, suppl. 3. p. 696. H. fascicul&tum, var. ft, laxifolium. D. C. prod. 1. p. 554. Resembles the foregoing species, but differs in the branches being angular, and in the leaves being less fascicled. Fine-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot. * * * * Styles 5, with capitate stigmas. 161 H. BRA'THYS (Lam. diet. 4. p. 152.) stem round, with adpressed branches ; leaves dense, channelled at the apex, with- out pellucid dots ; margins of the sepals somewhat membrana- ceous ; styles usually 5, rarely 4. Tj . S. Native of New Gra- nada near Santa Fe de Bogota. Smith, icon. ined. t. 41. Brathys juniperina, Lin. fil. Var. ft, juniperinum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 554.) leaves more robust ; flowers larger. H. juniperinum, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 189. Flowers trigynous. Savin-like St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot. •}• Doubtful species. 162 H. COCHINCHINE'NSIS (Lour. fl. coch. 472.) flowers tri- gynous ; leaves on short petioles, very dense ; stem arboreous ; peduncles usually 5-flowered, axillary. Tj . G. Native of Co- chin-china in woods. Flowers red or scarlet. Sepals entire, very acute. Stamens disposed in 3 bundles. Capsules 3-celled. Cochin-china St. John's-wort. Clt. 1821. Shrub 16 feet. 163 H. EMARGINA'TUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 154.) stem shrubby; flowers trigynous ; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, stem-clasping, emarginate ; sepals lanceolate, somewhat striated. Tj . G. Native of? This species is probably referable to Elodea. Emarginate-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot. 164 H. VERTICILLA'TUM (Thunb. prod. 137.) stem herba- ceous ; leaves 4 in a whorl. ^ • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. JYhorled-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub ? 4i2 612 HYPERIClNE-iE. III. HYPERICUM. IV. ELODEA. V. SAROTHRA. VI. LANCRETIA. VII. ASCYRUM. 165 H. FU'LGIDUM (Rafin. fl. lud. p. 88.) stem shrubby, te- tragonal; branches slender; leaves sessile, linear, spreading; flowers almost sessile, axillary and terminal. Jj . F. Native of Louisiana. Fulgid St. John's-wort. Shrub 4 feet. •(• "j" Species only known by name. 166 H. CRE'TICUM supinum, folio subrotundo, flore magno. Tourn. cor. 18. 167 H. ORIENTA'LE ; foliis subrotundis auritis cauli adhaeren- tibus. Tourn. cor. IS. 168 H. ANDKOS^MO hirsute simile sed glabrum. Tourn. cor. 18. 169 H. LINEARUEFOLIO. Tourn. cor. 18. 170 H. LATIFOLIUM subhirsutum, caule purpureo villoso. Tourn. cor. 18. 171 H. UNDULA'TUM (Schousb. Willd. Zucc.). 172 H. NI'GRICANS (Zucc. hort. flor.). Cult. The greater part of the species are very shewy, although they have a common appearance. The hardy herbaceous kinds will grow in any common garden-soil, and are easily increased by dividing the plants at the root or by seeds ; the stove, frame, and green-house herbaceous species should be increased in the same manner. The annual sorts only require to be sown in the open border about the beginning of April. The hardy shrubby kinds, being dwarf and shewy, are well fitted for the front of shrubberies ; they will thrive in any common garden-soil, and are easily increased, by dividing the plants at the root, by seeds, or by cuttings planted under a hand-glass. The green-house and frame shrubby kinds will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and young cuttings of them will root freely in sand under a bell-glass. The stove shrubby species will thrive in the same kind of soil as that recommended for the green-house species, and young cuttings of them will root in sand under a bell-glass, in heat. IV. ELO1 DE A (from t\oc, elos, a marsh ; habitation of plants). Adanson, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 379. LIN. SYST. Polyadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx 5-parted, equal. Petals 5, with nectariferous claws. Stamens 9-15, growing in 3 bundles. Glands between the parcels. Styles 3, diverging. Capsule partly 3-celled, many-seeded. Vegetation similar to Hypericum, but the flowers are usually red. Stems terete. 1 E. PETIOLA'TA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 379.) leaves ob- long, obtuse, tapering down the petiole, full of pellucid dots ; flowers on short, axillary peduncles ; sepals obtuse ; stamens 9- 10. I/. H. Native of North America on the banks of lakes in Virginia and Carolina. Hypericum petiolatum, Walt. fl. car. 191. H. axillare, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 81. H. paludosum, Chois. prod. hyp. p. 43. Flowers yellowish-red. Stewed-leaved Elodea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. 1 ft. 2 E. CAMPANULA' TA (Pursh. 1. c.) stem suffruticose ; leaves oblong, obtuse, somewhat stem-clasping, full of pellucid dots ; flowers stalked, axillary ; sepals lanceolate ; stamens 9-12. y.. H. Native of North America from Canada to Carolina, in bogs and wet places. Hypericum Virginicum, Lin. spec. 1 104. Elo- dea Virginica, Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 17 — Andr. bot. rep. 552. Flowers yellowish-red, very handsome. Var. ft, emarginata (Pursh. 1. c.) H. emarginatum, Lam. diet. 4. p. 154. Campavulate Elodea. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1800. PI. 1£ ft. 3 E. TUBULC.SA (Pursh. 1. c.) leaves sessile ; corolla tubular ; stamens connected beyond the middle. I/ . H. Native of Ca- rolina. Pursh discovered it in a dismal swamp in North Caro- lina. Hypericum tubulosum, Walt. fl. car. 191. The flowers are axillary, and almost sessile, solitary, twin or tern ; the petals are long and acute, of a pale-red colour. Tubular-Rowered Elodea. Fl. July, Sept. PL 1 foot ? Cult. The species of this genus do best in pots, in a peat or vegetable soil, and the pots require to be sunk in water to their middle, either in a pond or a pan of water. All require protection during winter. V. SARO'THRA (from aaptaBpov, sarothron, a besom ; ap- pearance of plant). Willd. spec. 1. p. 1515. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Trigynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, linear-oblong. Capsule oblong, acute, coloured, 1-celled, 3- valved, with the margins of the valves bearing the seeds. — A small plant, with the inflorescence of Hypericum, much branched ; branches erect and trichotomous. Leaves scarcely visible, linear. Flowers solitary, axillary, and terminal, sessile. 1 S. HYPERICOIDES (Nutt. gen. 1. p. 204.) "if.. H. Native of North America. Hypericum Sarothra, Michx et Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 378. Sarothra gentianoides, Willd. spec. l.-p. 1515. St. John' s-nort-like Sarothra. Fl. July. Clt. PI. ^ foot. Cult. This plant will grow in any kind of soil, and is easily increased by cuttings or seeds. VI. LANCRE'TIA (probably from the name of some bota- nist). Del. fl. seg. p. 69. t. 25. D. C. prod. 1. p. 555. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 or 5 equal sepals. Petals 4-5. Stamens 10, unconnected, the 5 shortest of these are opposite the petals. Styles 4-5. — A shrub, with oblong, sessile, toothed or crenate leaves, and terminal flowers. 1 L. SUFFRUTICOSA (Del. 1. c.) T? . F. Native of Upper Egypt and Nubia. Ascyroides Africana chamsedryos folio, Lipp. mss. in Bibl. Juss. ex Delile. Leaves small, in fascicles, hoary-hispid. Flowers aggregate, white. Suffruticose Lancretia. Shrub prostrate. Cult. This pretty little shrub will require to be protected during winter by a frame. A mixture of loam and peat will suit it well, and young cuttings planted in sand, with a hand- glass placed over them, will strike root freely. VII. A'SCYRUM (from a priv. and aKvpot, skyros, hard; that is to say, a plant which is soft to the touch). Lin. gen. 903. Juss. gen. p. 254. Chois. prod. hyp. 60. D. C. prod. 1. p. 555. — Hypericoides, Adans. fatn. 2. p. 443. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 sepals, the 2 outer ones smallest. Petals 4. Stamens numerous, with the filaments disposed in 4 bundles. Styles 1-3. — Sub-shrubs, with sessile, entire leaves, destitute of pellucid dots, but usually furnished with black dots beneath. Flowers few, terminal and axillary, yellow. Plants resembling Hypericum. 1 A. PU'MILUM (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 77.) stem small, simple, quadrangular ; leaves oval, obtuse, in fascicles ; pedicels 6 lines long, reflexed ; flowers with 1 or 2 styles. I/ . F. Na- tive of North America, particularly in the pine barrens of Geor- gia. Flowers small. Dwar/Ascyrum. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1806. PI. £ foot. 2 A. PAUCIFLORUM (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 15.) plant decum- bent, diffuse, with numerous slender stems ; leaves approximate, linear-oblong, obtuse ; flowers few ; pedicels reflexed, each fur- nished with 2 bracteas at their base ; style 1. Tf. ? F. Native of North America in the woods of Georgia. Fen-flowered Ascyrum. Fl. June, Aug. PI. decumbent. 3 A. CRU'X-A'NDRE« (Lin. spec. 1107.) stem suffruticose, round ; branches erect ; leaves ovate-linear, obtuse, usually in bundles in the axils ; corymbs terminal ; flowers nearly sessile ; each pedicel furnished with 2 bracteas ; two inner sepals rather orbicular ; styles 1-2. \i . F. Native of North America in sandy fields and woods, from New Jersey to Carolina ; and of Jamaica. Hypericum frutescens humifusa, Plum. ed. Burm. 1 HYPERICINE^E. VII. ASCYRUM. VIII. CARPODONTOS. IX. EUCRYPHIA. X. ELIEA. XL CRATOXYLUM. 613 amer. p. 146. t> 152. Chois. prod. hyp. p. 61. Petals narrow, pale-yellow. Flowers in terminal corymbs. St. Andrew' s-cross Ascyrum. Fl. July. Clt. 1759. Shrub 1 foot. 4 A. MULTICAU'LE (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 77.) stem suf- fruticose ; leaves crowded, oblong-linear, obtuse ; peduncles bi- bracteate, lateral, and terminal. Jj . F. Native of Virginia and Carolina in sandy fields and woods. A. hypericoides, Ait. hort. kew. A. Crux-A'ndrese var. /3, angustifolium, D. C. prod. 1. p. 555. Styles 1-2, conniving. Many-stemmed Ascyrum. Fl. July. Shrub 1 foot. 5 A. HYPERICOI'DES (Lin. spec. 1108.) stem suffruticose, round ; branches 2-edged ; leaves oblong-linear, obtuse, each furnished with 2 glands at the base ; two inner sepals somewhat orbicular; styles 3. Tj . F. Native of North America in over- flowed open places, from New Jersey to Carolina ; and of Ja- maica. Flowers terminal, solitary, on short pedicels, larger than those of A. Crux-A'ndrece. St. John's-rvort-llke Ascyrum. Shrub 2 feet. 6 A. STA'NS (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 77.) stem shrubby, erect, winged ; branches straight ; leaves ovate-elliptical, obtuse, glaucous ; peduncles axillary, usually 3-flowered ; two inner sepals cordate-orbicular ; stamens connected at the base ; styles 2. f? . F. Native of Carolina. Vent. malm. p. 90. Hyperi- cum floridanum, Pluk. t. 412. f. 5. ? Hypericum tetrapetalum, Lam. diet. 4. p. 153. ex Chois. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 555. Standing Ascyrum. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1806. Shrub 2 ft. 7 A. AMPLEXICAU'LE (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 77.) stem dichotomously panicled ; leaves stem-clasping, ovate, cordate, sinuately-curled ; corymbs naked ; styles 3. Jj . F. Native of North America in low grounds and woods, from Virginia to Florida. Hypericum stans var. /3, Chois. prod. p. 61. The flowers and leaves are longer in this than in any other of the species. Stem-clasping -leaved Ascyrum. Fl.Jul.Aug. Clt.1806. Sh.2ft. Cult. A genus of elegant little herbs and shrubs. They re- quire to be protected during winter by a frame ; for this pur- pose they should be grown in pots, as they never exist long in the open border. A mixture of one-half peat, and the other sand, will suit them well ; and young cuttings of the shrubby kinds will root in sand under a hand or bell-glass. The herba- ceous kinds may be increased by parting the roots in spring. All may be raised from seeds. Tribe III. EUCRYPHIE'A (Cambess. in ann. scien. par. vol. 20. p. 402. Aug. 1830). Styles 3-12 (f. 103. j.). Seeds flat (f. 103. /.), winged. VIII. CARPODO'NTOS (from Kap-rof, carpos, a fruit, and O&IVG oSovroe, odous odontos, a tooth ; cells or carpels bidentate at the apex). Lab. nov. holl. 2. p. 122. Chois. prod. p. 61. B.C. prod. 1. p. 556. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Polygynia. Styles 5-8. Se- pals and petals 4. Stamens numerous, free. Carpels 5-8, woody, 1 -celled, opening on the inside, with filiform placentas, Ovary villous. — A tree with stalked, opposite leaves. Flowers white, axillary, solitary. Peduncles each with two scales at their base. 1 C. LU'CIDA (Lab. voy. rech. Lapeyr. 2. p. 16. t. 18.) Jj . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Flowers white. Shining-leaved Carpodontos. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet. Cult. This tree will thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and young cuttings will root if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them. FIG. 103. IX. EUCRY'PHIA (from ev, eu, well, and Kpwj>iu, cryphia, a cover ; in allusion to the flower being covered by a calyptra before expansion) (f. 103. a.). Cav. icon. 4. p. 49. t. 372. Chois. prod. hyp. p. 62. D. C. prod. 1. p. 556. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Polygynia. Calyx of 5 sepals, connected at the base (f. 103. a.). Styles usually 12 (f. 103.J.). Petals 5 (f. 103. c.). Stamens numerous, somewhat connected at the base. Anthers didymous (f. 103. h.). Capsules ovate (f. 103. j.), with boat-shaped cells, hanging from funicles (f. 103. e.). — A tree with opposite leaves, and axillary, solitary flowers. Carpels many, many-seeded (f. 103. /.), fixed to the central axils (f. 103. e.}. 1 E. CORDIFOLIA (Cav. 1. c.) Tj . S. Native of South America near San Carlos de Chiloe. A beautiful tree, with cordate-oblong, crenated, downy leaves, and white, stalked flowers. Mellinia, Molin. (f. 103). Cordate-leaved Eucryphia. Tree 40 feet. Cult. This fine tree will grow well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and young cuttings will root if planted in a pot of sand with a hand-glass placed over them, in a moderate heat. X. ELIE'A (in honour of M. Elie de Beaumont, whose works have thrown so much light on the geological revolutions of our globe). Cambess. in Ann. scien. nat. par. Aug. 1830. vol. 20. p. 400. t. 13. Cussonia, Comm. mss. but not of D. C. Lanigerostema, Chapel, mss. Hypericum, Spec. Lain, and Chois. LIN. SYST. Polyadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx permanent, 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens numerous, disposed in 3 bundles. Anthers fixed by their middle, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise. Styles 3, crowned by capitate stigmas. Capsule surrounded by the permanent calyx, petals, and stamens, 3-celled ; cells divided by incomplete dorsal dissepiments, 3-valved ; valves bent in so much at the margins as to constitute perfect dissepiments. Seeds 2 in each cell, each separated by the incomplete intervalvular dis- sepiment, flat, winged, fixed above the base of the central, fili- form, trigonal receptacle. Embryo flat, near the hylum of the seed. — A shrub, with cruciately-opposite, jointed branches and leaves. Flowers cymose, yellow. 1 E. ARTICULA'TA (Cambess. 1. c. p. 401. t. 13.) Tj . S. Na- tive of Madagascar. Hypericum articulatum, Lam. diet. 4. p. 569. Chois in D. C. prod. 1. p. 546. Leaves oblong-obovate, with entire, revolute margins, coriaceous, full of pellucid and black dots, feather-nerved. Cymes of flowers axillary and ter- minal ; pedicels tetragonal. Segments of calyx ovate, obtuse, marked with black lines. Petals imbricate in the bud, 3 times longer than the calyx. Filaments woolly, unequal. /ointerf-stemmed Eliea. Shrub 4 to 10 feet ? Cult. This shrub will grow freely in a mixture of loam and peat, and cuttings will root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. XI. CRATO'XYLUM (from . S. Native, growing along with the preceding species. Flowers white ? Twining Balsam-tree. Shrub tw. 15 C. SE'SSILIS (Forst. prod. 391.) flowers axillary, solitary, almost sessile, 4-petalled ; leaves obovate and elliptical, fj . S. Native of the island of Togatabu in the South Seas. Sessile-fioviered Balsam-tree. Tree. GUTTIFER^E. II. CLUSIA. III. TOVOMITA. IV. ARRUDEA. 617 § 2. Quapoya (Quapoy is the Caribbean name of C. Qua- poya). Stamens definite, 5 or 6. 16 C. QUAPOYA (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p, 559.) flowers dioecious, stalked ; calyx of 5 or 6 sepals ; corolla of 5 or 6 yellow petals ; nectary short, 4-5-lobed ; stigmas 5 ; fruit glo- bose ; leaves obovate, acute. Tj . w. S. Native of Guiana in the woods. Quapoya scandens, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 898. t. 343. C. microcarpa, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 5. Xanthe, Schreb. A climb- ing shrub with yellow flowers, when broke or cut yields a white transparent juice. It is called Quapoy in Guiana. Panicle ter- minal, diffuse, dichotomous. Quapoy Balsam-tree. Shrub cl. 17 C. PA'NA-PANA'RI (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 559.) flowers dioecious, almost sessile ; fruit oblong ; leaves ovate- oblong, acute, small. Tj . w. S. Native of Guiana in woods. Quapoya Pana-panari, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 901. t. 344. C. ma- crocarpa, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 599. Xanthe parviflora, Willd. Panicle terminal, trichotomous. Flowers yellow, like those of the preceding. This climbing shrub is called Pana-panari in Guiana. When cut it yields a yellow juice. Pana-panari Balsam-tree. Shrub cl. 18 C. ACUMINA'TA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 599.) leaves roundish, tapering abruptly to both ends, ending in a spiny point, veiny beneath ; flowers axillary, on short peduncles. ^ . S. Native of Porto-Rico on the higher mountains. A climbing shrub with white? flowers. dcuminated-leaved Balsam-tree. Shrub cl. A species hardly knonin. 19 C.? SESSILIFLORA (Poir. diet. 5. p. 183.) leaves obovate, somewhat veined ; flowers sessile, clustered, fy . S. Native of Madagascar. Sessile-flowered Balsam-tree. Tree. Cult. All the species of this genus grow well in light sandy soil, and the pots will require to be well drained with potsherds. Cuttings root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. III. TOVOMI'TA (Tovomite is the Caribbean name of T. Guianensis}. Aubl. guian. 2. p. 956. — Marialva, Vand. in Roem. script, bras. p. 118. — Beauharnoisia, Ruiz, et Pav. ann. mus. 11. p. 71. — Ochrocarpus, Pet. Th. gen. nov. mad. p. 15. — Mi- cranthera, Chois. mem. hist. nat. par. 1. t. 11 and 12. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Tetra-Pentagynia. Calyx bractless, of 2-4 sepals. Petals 4, rarely 6-10. Stamens 20-15, free, in many series ; filaments thick ; anthers small, at the top of the filaments, obliquely adnate. Styles 4-5, very short or wanting, each terminated by a thick stigma. Capsule crowned by the permanent styles and stigmas, 4-5-celled, 4-5-valved ; cells 1- seeded ; seeds enwrapped in pulp. Embryo thick, with a small radicle. — Trees, rarely shrubs. Leaves lined or full of pellucid dots. Flowers racemose, rarely cymose, axillary and terminal, dioecious, polygamous and hermaphrodite. 1 T. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS ; calyx of 2 sepals ; stamens in 3 series, connected at the very base ; stigma 4-6-lobed, sessile ; leaves coriaceous, approximate, sometimes 3 in a whorl ; pedun- cles few-flowered, axillary. Tj . S. Native of Madagascar. Ochrocarpus Madagascariensis, Pet.Th. gen. mad. p. 15. Flowers white ? hermaphrodite. Madagascar Tovomita. Tree 30 feet. . 2 T. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 956. t. 364.) sepals 2 ; petals 4 ; stamens in 1 series ; style short, crowned by 4 sessile stigmas ; leaves ovate-oblong, bluntly acuminated, somewhat stem-clasping, coriaceous, 4-5 inches long, white beneath ; pe- duncles corymbose, dichotomous, thick, terminal ; pedicels jointed ; petals acutish. T; . S. Native of Guiana and Brazil. vol. i. — PART. vii. Vand. t. 8. f. 6. Marialva Guianensis, Chois mss. D. C. prod. I. p. 560. Mart. fl. bras. 2. p. 84. Flowers with green petals and white anthers, dioecious. Guiana Tovomita. Tree 10 feet. 3 T. FRUCTIPE'NDULA ; sepals 2 ; petals 4 ; stamens in one series ; capsule crowned by 4 distinct styles ; leaves oblong, acutely and sharply acuminated, 3 inches long ; peduncles fili- form, axillary, and terminal, 2-3-flowered, elongated ; pedicels jointed. Tj . S. Native of Peru in groves on the Andes at Chi- caplaya and of Cayenne. Beauharnoisia, Ruiz et Pav. ann. mus. II. p. 71. f. 9. Marialva fructipendula, Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 560. Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 85. Flowers yellowish, dioe- cious ? Fruit turbinate, pendulous, crowned by the permanent styles. When cut transversely, it yields a quantity of yellow resinous viscid juice, which is also observed in the calyx and anthers. The bark is used by the inhabitants of Chicoplaya in Peru to dye lint of a reddish-purple colour ; they also use it as a medicine. Pendulous-fruited Tovomita. Fl. Jan. Feb. Tree 18 feet. 4 T. UNIFLORA (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 560. under the name of Mari&loa,) leaves lanceolate, bluntish ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, scarcely half an inch long. Jj . S. Native of Guiana. Flowers yellowish, dioecious ? One-jiorvered Tovomita. Tree 20 feet. 5 T. PANICULA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 315.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, toothed ; flowers panicled ; calyx 4-leaved. T? . S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Petals green. Pamcfed-flowered Tovomita. Shrub 6 feet. 6 T. BRASILIE'NSIS (Mart. nov. gen. 1. p. 83. t. 167. under Marialva,') leaves broad-lanceolate, acute at both ends, smooth ; peduncles in pairs, 1-flowered ; petals obtuse. *j . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers white but at length reddish. Capsule crowned by distinct styles. Brazilian Tovomita. Tree 20 feet. 7 T. CLUSLJEFOLIA ; sepals 2 ; petals 8-10 ; flowers dioecious ; stamens numerous, in many series ; fruit crowned by a 6-toothed, peltate stigma ; leaves oblong, acute, smooth ; peduncles race- mose. T; . S. Native of Cayenne. Clusia longifolia, Rich, act. soc. hist. nat. par. 1. p. 113. Micranthera clusiaefolia, Chois. in mem. hist. nat. par. 1. p. 11-12. Flowers yellow, dioecious. Clusia-leaved Tovomita. Clt. 1823. Tree. Cult. These fine trees will thrive in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and ripened cuttings will root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. IV. ARRLPDEA (in honour of Manoel Arruda da Camara, M. D,, who has written on Brazilian plants). Cambess. in mem. mus. 16. p. 421. St. Hil. fl. bras. p. 319. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx of many imbri- cate unequal sepals, outer ones smallest. Petals 9-10, imbricate. Stamens numerous, inserted in the conical receptacle, closely connected together into a compact mass ; anthers adnate, 2- celled, bursting at the top by 2 pores. Style short, crowned by an 8-lobed stigma, the lobes of which are distinct and wedge- shaped. Ovary immersed in the fleshy receptacle, 8-celled ; cells 1 or 2-seeded. A small tree with quite entire stalked leaves, and with solitary polygamous flowers, at the tops of the branches. 1 A. CLUSIOIDES (Cambess. in St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 319. t. 66.) lj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Leaves obovate or elliptic, veiny. Petals of a pale-red colour. Stigma yellow. Clusia-like Arrudea. Tree 15 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam and peat will suit this tree ; and ripened cuttings will strike root if planted in sand with a hand-glass placed over them, in heat. 4K 618 GUTTIFERJi. V. HAVETIA. VI. MORONOBEA. VII. CHRYSOPIA. VIII. MAMMEA. V. HAVETIA (in honour of M. Havet, a young botanical collector, who was sent to the island of Madagascar to collect plants, where he died). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 204. t. 462. LIN. SYST. Dioecia, Tetrdndria. Male flowers. Calyx of 4 orbicular, concave sepals, 2 outer ones smaller. Petals 4, orbicular, concave, equal. Receptacle fleshy, orbicular, convex. Anthers 4, alternating with the petals, and immersed in the disk, 1 -celled, 3-valved at the apex. Female flowers unknown. — A tree abounding in yellow, clammy juice, with opposite branches, and quite entire obovate leaves, and terminal bractless panicles of flowers. Flowers at the tops of the branches, twin, nearly sessile. 1 H. LAURIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.). ^ • S. Native on the Andes about Popayan. Clusia tetrandria, Willd. spec. 4. p. 978. Laurel-leaved Havetia. Tree. Cult. This tree will grow well in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand or mould under a hand- glass, in heat. Tribe II. CHRYSOPIE'jE. Ovary many-celled ; cells containing many ovulce. Fruit fleshy, indehiscent, many-celled. VI. MORONO'BEA (Moronobo or Coronobo is the Carib- bean name of M. coccinea). Aubl. guian. 2. p. 788. t. 313. — Symphonia, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 302. LIN. SYST. Polyadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx 5-parted, bract- less, imbricate. Petals 5, alternating with the calycine lobes. Stamens 15-20, joined into a tube at the base, which is deeply 5-cleft at the apex ; bearing the anthers on the outside, 3 or 4 on each segment, they are linear, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise behind. Stigmas 5, nearly sessile. Ovary 5-celled ; cells con- taining 5 ovulse. Fruit fleshy. — Trees with corymbose flowers, rarely solitary, terminal and axillary, hermaphrodite. 1 M. COCCI'NEA (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 789. t. 313.) bud of flower globose ; style very short ; leaves oblong, acute at both ends, with an incurved point, coriaceous, without dots. Jj . S. Native of Guiana in moist woods and on mountains. Symphonia globu- lifera, Lin. fil. suppl. 302. Perhaps Symphonia esculenta, Arrud. is not distinct from this. A lofty tree. Leaves approximating at the ends of the branchlets, smooth, glaucous. Flowers about the size of those of Thea, red, axillary, solitary, or in terminal, few-flowered corymbs. The coriaceous rind of the fruit covers the painted seeds, which are covered with a deep yellow mucous substance interposed between them. The resinous juice which flows from all parts of the tree when cut, is used by the Creoles to tar their boats and ropes, and they also make flambeaus of it mixed with other resins of the country. It is also used by the Caribbees to attach the iron and the poison to their arrows. «S"car/e<-flowered Moronobea. Tree 40 feet. 2 M. GRANDIFLORA (Chois. in mem. hist. nat. p. 1. D. C. prod. 1. p. 563.) bud of flowers conical-ovate ; style very long ; flowers larger in all parts than in M. coccinea ; leaves elliptical- lanceolate. Fj . S. Native of Guiana. Flowers red. Great-Jlonered Moronobea. Tree. Cult, These fine trees will grow in a mixture of loam and peat ; and well-ripened cuttings will root in sand, under a hand- glass, in a moist heat. VII. CHRYSO'PIA (from -upvaoc, chrysos, gold, and OTTVC, opys, juice ; trees yielding yellow juice when cut). Pet. Th. gen. mad. no. 48. LIN. SYST. Polyadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx bractless, of 5 sepals, imbricate. Petals 5, inserted on the outside of the disk. Disk urceolate at the base, sometimes entire at the apex, sometimes 5-lobed. Stamens connected at the base into a thick urceolus, fixed to the inner side of the disk, 5-cleft at the top ; each segment bearing 3-5 adnate linear anthers, bursting length- wise. Style short, 5-furrowed, 5-cleft at the apex, each segment furnished with a peculiar kind of stigma on the inside ; segments spreading. Fruit fleshy, 5-celled. Seeds ovate, oblong. Cells of ovary 5-10-ovulate. Trees with terminal, few-flowered corymbs or umbels of hermaphrodite flowers. 1 C. MICROPHY'LLA (Hils. et Bojer. ex Cambess. mem. mus. 16. p. 423. t. 4.) leaves spatulate, small; flowers umbellate; disk nearly entire. Tj . S. Native of Madagascar. Flowers white. Small-leaved Chrysopia. Tree 40 feet. 2 C. FASCICULA'TA (Pet. Th. 1. c.) leaves spatulate, coriaceous ; flowers in corymbs ; disk 5-cleft. ^ . S. Native of Madagas- car. Branches umbellately crowded at the apex. Flowers purple. There is an oil expressed from the seeds. Fascicled-flowered Chrysopia. Tree 60 feet. Cult. These beautiful trees will thrive in a mixture of sandy loam mixed with a little peat ; and ripe cuttings, not deprived of their leaves, will root readily in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. Tribe III. GARCINIE^. Ovary many-celled ; cells containing 1 ovulae. Fruit fleshy, indehiscent, many-celled. VIII. MAMME'A (Mamey, its vernacular name in South America). Lin. gen. 1156. Juss. gen. 257. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx bractless, of 2 deciduous sepals. Petals 4-6, deciduous. Stamens numerous, free, or connected at the very base, deciduous ; filaments short ; anthers adnate, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise at the sides. Style short, crowned by a 4-lobed stigma ; lobes emarginate. Fruit crowned by the permanent base of the style, fleshy, 4-celled or 2-3-celled from abortion ; cells 1 -seeded. Seeds large, thick. Trees with leaves full of pellucid dots. Flowers usually solitary, male or hermaphrodite in different plants. 1 M. AMERICA'NA (Lin. spec. 731.) leaves obovate, very blunt, quite entire ; fruit very large, containing usually 4 large seeds. Tj . S. Native of the Caribbean Islands and the neigh- bouring continent. Jacq. amer. 268. t. 181. f. 82. pict. 130. t. 248. — Plum. gen. 44. t. 170 — Sloan, jam. 2. p. 123. t. 217. f. 3. A tall handsome tree with a thick, elegant, spreading head. It has a long downright tap root, which renders it very difficult to transplant. The leaves are oval or obovate, shining, leathery, opposite, from 5 to 8 inches in length. Peduncles 1- flowered, short, scattered over the stouter branches. The flowers are sweet-scented, white, an inch and a half in diameter ; calyx sometimes 3-sepalled ; corolla sometimes 6-petalled ; but this arises from 2 of the segments or petals being cut. Fruit large, round, obsoletely 3 or 4-cornered, about the size of a cannon ball ; it is covered with a double rind, the outer leathery, a line in thickness, tough, brownish-yellow, the inner thin, yellow, adhering closely to the flesh, which is firm, bright-yellow, has a singular pleasant taste, and a sweet, aromatic smell, but the skin and seeds are very bitter and resinous. It is eaten alone, or cut into slices with wine and sugar, or preserved in sugar. In Marti- nico they distil the flowers with spirit, and make a liquor which they call Eau-Creole. The English and Spaniards call the fruit Mammee ; and the French Abricot sauvage, from the yel- lowness of the pulp, like that of the apricot. Swartz remarks that the trees which bear hermaphrodite flowers are very lofty, but that the male trees are much smaller. Browne gives the hermaphrodite and male trees as distinct species. He informs us that they are among the largest trees in the Island of Ja- maica, abound with a strong resinous gum, and are esteemed GUTTIFERjE. VIII. MAMMEA. IX. PENTADESMA. X. RHEEDIA. XI. GARCINIA. 619 among the best timber trees ; that the fruit is large and agree- able, but too strong and gross for a weakly stomach, leaving a bitterness behind it, that continues for a considerable time upon the palate, containing 4 large, oblong, angular seeds, having as many kernels of the same shape. American Mammee-apple. Clt. 1739. Tree 60 feet. 2 M. EMARGINA'TA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon, ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 561.) leaves obovate, very blunt, emarginate, at the apex ; fruit globose, 2-seeded. I? . S. Native of Mexico. Fruit like that of the preceding, but smaller, eatable. Flowers whitish. Emarginate-leaved Mammee-apple. Tree 40 feet. 3 M. HU'MILIS (Vahl. eel. 2. p. 40.) leaves acute ; peduncles longer than the petioles ; berry 3-seeded. fj . S. Native of Montserrat. Fruit eatable ? Dwarf Mammee-apple. Tree. 4 M. AFRICA'NA (Hort. trans, lond. vol. 5. p. 457.) leaves oblong, acuminated ; fruit large, round. Tj . S. Native of Sierra Leone on the mountains. A large tree, with long, shining, dark-green leaves, abounding in a yellow resinous gum. The wood is applied to many useful purposes. The fruit is twice the size of a man's fist, the rind is brown and thick, the pulp is yellow, of equal excellence to thatof the American Mammee-apple, African Mammee-apple. Tree 60 feet. Cult. Mammea is a genus of fine fruit-trees. They will grow freely in sandy loam, or a mixture of loam and peat ; ripe cuttings, with the leaves not shortened, will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. They all require a strong heat to thrive well. IX. PENTADE'SMA (from TTCVTC, pente, five, and desme, a bundle ; in allusion to the stamens being disposed in 5 bundles). Hort. trans, lond. vol. 5. p. LIN. SYST. Polyadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx of 4 to 5 permanent sepals. Petals deciduous. Stamens numerous, con- nected into 5 bundles. Style 1. Berry large, fleshy, crowned by the rudiment of the style. Seeds 3-5, large, angular. — A lofty tree, abounding in yellow greasy juice, with long, lan- ceolate, coriaceous leaves. 1 P. BUTYRA'CEA (Hort. trans, lond. vol. 5. p. 457.). tj . S. Native of Sierra Leone in the low lands. This tree grows to the height of 40 or 60 feet, but produces its flowers when 20 feet high. The leaves are entire, lanceolate, coriaceous, smooth, shining. The fruit is about the size of the common Mammee- apple, inversely pear-shaped, being pointed at the apex, it con- tains from 3-5 large, angular, brown seeds ; the rind is rough, coarse, and of a dark-brown colour. The yellow greasy juice, from which the tree derives its vernacular name, is given out copiously when the fruit is cut or opened ; it is mixed by the natives of Sierra Leone with their food, but it is not used by the settlers on account of a strong turpentine flavour which belongs to it ; we believe that the juice is that which the country butter brought to the market of Freetown is made of. The flowers are very large and shewy, and probably reddish. Butter and Tallow-tree. Fl. Jan. Clt. 1822. TreeGOfeet. Cult. The tree is extremely difficult to transplant, on ac- count of the long tap root, which, if broken or cut, will kill it. The root must have sufficient depth of mould to enable it to descend- or the plant will not live. It requires a strong moist heat to flourish well. A mixture of loam and peat suits it best, and ripened cuttings, with their leaves not shortened, will pro- bably root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. X. RHEE'DIA (in honour of Henry Rheede Van Draaken- stein, once governor of a Dutch establishment on the coast of Malabar ; author of Hortus Malabaricus in 10 vols. folio). Lin. gen. 641. Juss. gen. p. 258. D. C. prod. 1. p. 564. — Van Rheedia, Plum. gen. 45. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx none. Petals 4. Stamens numerous, with oblong anthers. Style 1. Srigina funnel-shaped. Berry ovate, 1 -celled. Seeds 2-3, ovate-oblong, fleshy, thick, imbedded in the pulp. — Tree with opposite, blunt, stalked leaves. 1 R. LATERIFLORA (Lin. spec. 719.). Tj . S. Native of Mar- tinico. — Burm. amer. t. 257. Leaves large, oblong ; peduncles axillary, 3-flowered. Lateral-lowered Rheedia. Tree. 2 R. JAVA'NICA (Hort. kew. Loud. hort. brit. p. 214.). ^ • S. Native of Java. Leaves large, obovate, blunt. Java Rheedia. Clt. 1820. Tree. Cult. These fine broad-leaved trees will thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. XI. GARCI'NIA (in honour of Laurence Garcin, M.D. a French botanist, and traveller in India, author of numerous bo- tanical memoirs). Lin. gen. 594. Juss. gen. 256. — Garcinia and Cambogia, Lin. and Juss. — Mangostana, Gsert. Garcinia species, Chois. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 566. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx bractless, of 4 per- manent sepals. Petals 4, deciduous. Stamens 1 2-20, free, de- ciduous ; filaments short ; anthers adnate, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise behind. Style short, crowned by a 4-8-lobed stigma. Fruit fleshy, 4-8-celled ; cells 1-seeded, crowned by the perma- nent stigmas. — Trees with hermaphrodite or monoecious flowers, usually solitary at the tops of the branches. 1 G. MANGOSTA'NA (Lin. spec. 635.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated; flowers terminal, solitary ; corolla red; stigma 6- 8-lobed ; berry very beautiful and eatable ; pericarp spongy. Tj . S. Native of the Molucca Islands, whence it has been trans- planted to Java and Malacca. — Plench. icon. t. 360. — Rumph. amb. 1. p. 132. t. 43. — Garc. phil. trans, vol. 38. p. 232. abr. 8. p. 755. t. 8. Mangostana Garcinia, Gaert. fruct. 2. t. 105. The Mangostan rises with an upright stem near 20 feet high, sending out many branches on each side, which are opposite. The trunk is full of cracks. The leaves are entire, about 7 or 8 inches long, and about half as much in breadth at the middle, gradually tapering to both ends, of a shining green above, but of an olive colour beneath. The flower resembles a single rose, composed of 4 roundish petals, which are thick at the base, but thinner to- wards the margins ; they are of a dark-red colour. The fruit is round, about the size of a middling orange, and is crowned by the broad peltate-lobed stigma ; the rind is like that of the po- megranate, but softer, thicker, and fuller of juice ; it is green at first, but changes to a dark-brown, with some yellowish spots ; the inside is of a rose-colour, and is divided into several cells by their partitions, as in oranges, in which the seeds are lodged, surrounded by a soft juicy pulp, of a delicious flavour, partaking of the strawberry and the grape, and is esteemed one of the richest fruits in the world. The trees naturally grow in the form of a parabole, and the branches being well garnished with large shining green leaves, they have an elegant appearance, and afford a kindly shade in hot countries, therefore are worthy of cultivation in all those countries where there is warmth enough to ripen the fruit. It is esteemed the most delicious of the East Indian fruits, and a great deal of it may be eaten without any inconvenience ; it is the only fruit which sick people are allowed to eat without scruple. It is given with safety almost in every disorder, and it is said that the late Dr. Solander, in the last stage of a putrid fever at Batavia, found himself insensibly recovering by sucking this delicious and refreshing fruit. The pulp has a most happy 4 K 2 620 GUTTIFER^E. XI. GARCINIA. XII. STALAGMITIS. mixture of the tart and sweet, and is no less salutary than plea- sant, for which reason in hot climates, with the sweet orange, it is given in any quantity to those who are afflicted with fevers, either of the putrid or inflammatory kind. The dried bark is used with success in dysentery and tenesmus, and an infu- sion of it is esteemed a good gargle for a sore mouth, or ulcers in the throat. The Chinese dyers use the bark for the ground or basis of a black colour, in order to fix it the firmer. Man- gostama or Magostana is the Malay name of the tree. Mangostan Garcinia. Clt. 1789. Tree 20 feet. 2 G. CO'RNEA (Lin. syst. 368.) leaves oblong-elliptic, emar- ginate; flowers solitary and umbellate, lateral and terminal, drooping ; stigma entire ; berry the form of a plum. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies in the high remote mountains of Am- boyna. — Rumph. amb. 3. p. 55. t. 30. The trunk of this tree is very lofty, but not very thick ; it is covered with a black bark. The branches extend wide, and divide into many short branches, which have a pair of leaves at each joint ; these are large, from 11 to 15 inches long, and 4 broad, but on old trees shorter, smooth, firm, and shining. The flower rises between the upper leaves, drooping, having the form of a small rose, of a yellow colour. Fruit the size of a plum, crowned by the entire stigma, which appears like a wart. It is of a dusky-brown or smoky colour on the outside, and within it has a mucous pulp, in which lie a few seeds in the shape of a half moon. It has a resinous smell when fresh. The wood is heavy and very hard, like horn, whence Rumphius names it lignum corneum ; it is used for the handles of tools, and the young trees in building, the old ones being too hard to work. /foray-wooded Garcinia. Clt. 1817. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 3 G. MORE'LLA (Desrous. in Lam. diet. S. p. 701.) leaves oblong-elliptic, tapering to both ends ; panicles terminal and lateral; berry small, 4-celled, striated, crowned by a 4-lobed stigma. ^2 • S. Native of the East Indies ? Mangostkna Mo- rella, Gsert. fruct. 2. p. 106. t. 105. Flowers yellowish. Fruit small, eatable. The name is derived from the morella cherry, in allusion to the size and shape of the fruit. Gamboge is also obtained from this tree. Morella Garcinia. Tree. 4 G. PEDUNCULA'TA (Roxb. hort.beng. p. 42.) leaves obovate- oblong, rounded at the apex, with strong transverse veins ; racemes terminal and axillary ; pedicels long ; flowers large. Jj . S. Na- tive of the East Indies. Long-peduncled Garcinia. Tree 40 feet. 5 G. CAMBOGIA (Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 701.) leaves elliptic, tapering to both ends ; flowers terminal, solitary ; corollas yel- lowish ; stigma 8-lobed ; berry 8-furrowed. Pj . S. Native of Malabar and other parts of the East Indies. — Rheed. trial. 1 . p. 41. t. 42. Mangostana Cambogia, Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 106. 1. 105. Cambogia Gutta, Lin. spec. 728. Blackw. t. 392. Cambodia, Lewis, mat. med. 289. This is a tall tree, with a trunk as thick as two men can compass, with spreading, opposite branches. The leaves are 5 inches long, and half that in breadth. The flowers, according to Rheede, are axillary and sessile, of a saf- fron colour. Fruit about 2 inches in diameter, drooping, on peduncles an inch in length ; the rind is thin, smooth, and yel- lowish ; the pulp is yellow, succulent, sweet, and eatable. Ac- cording to Rheede, the fruit is first green, then yellowish, and when ripe whitish. It is very common about Siam and Cam- bodia, where incisions are made in the bark, and a great quan- tity of gummi-guttae or gamboge is extracted, and exported into foreign countries. This concrete is a gum-resin, in part in- flammable, compact, dry, inclining to orange-colour, without smell, and almost without taste, producing, however, a slight sensation of acrimony in the throat. A greater quantity of it is dissolved in spirits of wine than in water, to which it imparts a lemon-colour. It is used medicinally in the east, as a purgative, hydrogogue, and emetic, particularly in dropsies and worm cases. It is said to lose the latter quality when dissolved in vinegar. The principal use of gamboge is in painting in miniature and water-colours. The fruit is eaten at meals in the East Indies, and being much esteemed for provoking the appetite, is a fre- quent ingredient in their sauces. The name Cambogia is derived from the province of Camboja or Cambodge, because it comes from that country. Gamboge Garcinia. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1822. Tree 40 feet. Cult. The species of this interesting genus deserve to be cultivated in every collection of stove plants. A light loamy soil, mixed with a little peat, will suit them well. Ripened cuttings will root readily in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. All the species require a strong heat to thrive well. XII. STALA'GMITIS (from orafw, stazo, to run out; be- cause the trees exude a yellow resinous juice when cut). Murr. comm. goet. 9. p. 175. — Xanthochymus, Roxb. cor. 2. p. 51. — Brindonia, Pet. Th. diet, scien. nat. 5. p. 339. LIN. SYST. Poly a delphia, Polyandria. Calyx bractless, of 4-5 (f. 104. a.) permanent, unequal sepals. Petals 4-5 (f. 104. 6.), deciduous. Male flower with a fleshy, 4-5-8-lobed receptacle, bearing numerous imperfect anthers. Stamens monadelphous or disposed in 4-5-8 (f. 104. c.) bundles. Anthers didymous, small, 2-celled, bursting at the sides, with a small rudiment of a pistil. Hermaphrodite flowers with a receptacle, as in the male flowers (f. 104. c.), and the stamens disposed in 4-5 (f. 104. c.) -8 bundles. Style short, crowned by a 4-5 (f. 104. e.) -8-lobed stigma. Fruit crowned by the permanent stigma, fleshy (f. 104.-/.), 3- 8-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. Seeds large, thick. — Trees with axil- lary or lateral, usually fascicled or umbellate flowers, rarely race- mose, male or hermaphrodite in the same, or in different in- dividuals. Branches tetragonal. SECT. I. XANTHOCHY'MCJS (£av6of, xanthos, yellow, and x"/*°e, chymos, juice). Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens disposed in 5 bundles. 1 S. PICTORIUS (Roxb. cor. 2. p. 51. t. 196. under Xanthochy- mus,) leaves lanceolate, acuminat- ed ; petioles wrinkled ; fruit 1-4- seeded. T? . S. Native of the East Indies in valleys among the Circar mountains. X. tinctorius, D. C. prod. 1. p. 562. This is a large tree, with rather large, white flowers, and yellow fruit, like those of the orange ; they are very in- viting to the eye, and not inferior to many apples, and are eaten by the natives. They could be much % ameliorated by culture. The fruit when full grown, but not ripe, yields a quantity of yellow, resinous, acrid gum like gamboge, of the consistence of rich cream. It makes a pretty good water-colour, either by itself as a yellow, or in mixture with other colours to form green. It is imperfectly soluble in spirits, and still less so in water ; alkaline salt enables the water to dissolve more of the gum. Painters' Stalagmitis. Tree 40 feet. 2 S. DU'LCIS (Roxb. cor. 3. t. 270. under Xanthochymus,) leaves ovate-oblong, lanceolate, acuminated ; pedicels numerous, aggregate, lateral ; fruit 5-seeded. ^ . S. Native of the Mo- luccas. Fruit sweet and esculent. Stamens in 5 bundles. Sweet-fruited Stalagmitis. Clt. 1820. Tree. FIG. 104. GUTTIFERjE. XII. STALAGMITIS. XIII. MESUA. 621 3 S. OVALIFOLIBS (Roxb. hort. beng. 42. under Xanthochy- mus,) branches angular ; leaves oval or oblong, rounded at both ends ; flowers small, aggregate, in clusters ; pedicels short ; fruit 3-seeded. T? . S. Native of Ceylon. Oval-leaved Stalagmitis. Clt. 1 820. Tree. 4 S. GUINEE'NSIS (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 320.) leaves oval, tapering to both ends ; fruit ? ^ . S. Native of Sierra Leone on the mountains. Branches square. Guinea Stalagmitis. Clt. 1824. Tree 20 feet. 5 S. CAMBOGIOI'DES (Murr. comm. goett. 9. p. 175.) stamens 30, disposed in 5 bundles ; stigmas 3-4 ; berry globose, 3-4- seeded; leaves ovate acute. Jj . S. Native of Ceylon and Cam- boja. This tree yields a quantity of yellow resin, which is used by painters as gamboge, and is scarcely distinguishable from it. Gamboge-like Stalagmitis. Tree 30 feet. SECT. II. BRINDONIA. Flowers dioecious or hermaphrodite. Stamens of the male flowers connected in one bundle ; those of the hermaphrodite flowers connected in several bundles. 6 S. COCHINCHINE'NSIS (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 561. un- der Garcinia,) leaves ovate-oblong, acutish; branches tetragonal ; flowers lateral, crowded, on very short peduncles, whitish ; berry the form of a pear ; stigma 6-lobed. Pj . S. Native of the East Indies, China, and Cochin-china. G. Amboinensis, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 448. — Rumph. amb. 3. p. 58. t. 32. Oxycarpus Cochin- chinensis, Lour. fl. coch. 648. This is a large tree, with tetra- gonal branches. The leaves are 7-8 inches long, and about 3 or 4 inches broad, very smooth and thick. Flowers small, whitish. Fruit about the size of a plum, usually in the shape of a pear, of a reddish colour when ripe; the pulp is juicy, and smells somewhat like an apple, and is eatable in a raw state ; it is acid, as well as every other part of the tree. The bark of the tree is brownish, and yellow within, containing a quantity of yel- low, viscid juice, which flows copiously on the least incision being made. This juice possesses the same quality as that of Garcmia Cambogia. The wood is of little use, being too soft, and not durable. The leaves are used in Amboyna as a condiment to fish. The tree is very common in Amboyna in the plains about the shore and on the mountains. Cochin-china Stalagmitis. Tree 40 feet. 7 S. ELLI'PTICA (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 561. under Garcmia,) branches tetragonal ; leaves elliptical, ovate, veiny, acute, large, of a shining-green colour, with black dots ; flowers lateral, in fascicles, small, on short peduncles ; stamens con- nected in 5 bundles ; female flowers unknown, tj . S. Na- tive of the islands of Timor and Java. Perhaps this tree is suf- ficiently distinct from S. Cochinchinensis. Bark yielding a quan- tity of yellow, thick juice, as the rest of the species. Fruit pro- bably eatable. Elliptical-leaved Stalagmitis. Tree. 8 S. CELE'BICA (Lin. spec. 635. under Garcinia,) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute ; branchlets tetragonal ; flowers ter- minal, umbellate, on very short peduncles ; stigma 8-lobed ; berry globose, T; . S. Native of the Island of Macassar, whence it has been transplanted into Amboyna and Java, where, however, it seldom bears ripe fruit. Mangostana Ce- lebica, Rumph. amb. 1. p. 134. t. 44. Brindonia Celebica, Pet. Th. diet, scien. nat. 5. p. 339. This is not a lofty tree, but it has an elegant spreading head. The leaves are thick, 8 inches long, and about 3 fingers broad, but are larger in younger trees. The fruit resembles that of the common Mangostan, but sometimes grows to a larger size ; it is of a yellowish-red or saffron colour, like the pomegranate, crowned by the 8-lobed stigma, which is hollow above, and broader there than at its origin. Celebes Stalagmitis. Tree 20 feet. 9 S. I'NDICA (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 561. under Garcinia,') leaves ovate, acuminated ; flowers terminal, male ones 4-5, crowded, hermaphrodite ones solitary, on short pe- duncles ; berry globose, 5-6-celled. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies. Brindonia I'ndica, Pet. Th. diet, scien. nat. 5. p. 339. Fruit probably eatable. Indian Stalagmitis. Tree. 10 S. Cow A (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42. under Garcinia,) leaves ovate, acuminated ; branches round ; male flowers lateral, 4-5 together, hermaphrodite ones solitary, terminal, on short peduncles; stigma entire, rugged, 6-furrowed; berry ovate- globose. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies, where it is called Kuwa. G. dioica, Smith in Rees1 cyclop, vol. 15. Flowers yellowish. Kuwa Stalagmitis. Clt. 1822. Tree 20 feet. 11 S. PANICULA'TA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42. under Garcinia,) stamens many, polyadelphous ; leaves elliptical, tapering to the base ; flowers terminal, panicled. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Pam'c/ed-flowered Stalagmitis. Tree 40 feet. 12 S. UMBELLA'TA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42. under Garcinia,) leaves oblong, obtuse at both ends ; peduncles lateral, umbel- lately many-flowered ; corolla 4-5-lobed ; calyx 4-5-toothed. fj . S. Native of the East Indies. This is certainly a distinct genus, on account of the calyx and corolla being monapetalous. Stamens not seen. UmbeUate-Rowered. Stalagmitis. Tree 40 feet. f Species not sufficiently known. 13 S. LU'TEUS ; Lodd. cat. 14. S. macrophyllus, Lodd. cat. both under Xanthochijmus. £ Species only known by name from Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42, under the genus Garcinia. S. Kydiana, S. purpurea, S. Gutta, S. lancesefolia, S. Boobi- cowa. Cult. These fine trees will thrive well in a turfy loam, mixed with a little peat, but require a strong heat to flourish well. Ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. Tribe IV. CALOPHYLLIE'^E. Ovary 1-2-celled; cells containing 1-2-ovulae. Fruit drupaceous, indehiscent. XIII. MESIPA (in honour of Mesue, the father and son, two celebrated Arabian physicians and botanists, who resided at- Damascus, and flourished in the 8th and 9th centuries. The works of the younger Mesue, both medical and botanical, were published in folio with annotations at Venice in 1581.) Lin. gen. no. 665. Juss. gen. 258. Cambess. in mem. mus. 16. p. 426. t. 11. B. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx bractless, of 4 unequal sepals, permanent. Petals 4. Stamens indefinite, con- nected at the base ; filaments filiform ; anthers inserted by the base, erect, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise at the sides. Style short, crowned by a thick, concave stigma. Ovary 2-celled ; cells containing 2 erect ovulse. Fruit drupaceous, globose or egg-shaped, 1-celled from abortion, 1-4-seeded. Seeds egg- shaped. Trees with axillary, solitary, hermaphrodite flowers. 1 M. FE'RREA (Lin. spec. 734.) leaves elliptical-lanceolate, acute, glaucous beneath ; flowers stalked, axillary ; petals some- what unguiculate, regular ; mature nut 1 -seeded from abortion. Tj . S. Native of Java and other parts of the East Indies. Calophyllum Nagassarium, Burm. ind. 121. — Rumph. amb. 7. p. 3. t. 2. Flowers white, about the size of those of the sweet- briar, sweet-scented. Fruit rufous and wrinkled, containing 1 seed, which is eatable. This tree is much cultivated in Java and Amboyna for the beauty and scent of its flowers. 622 GUTTIFER.E. XIII. MESUA. XIV. CALOPHYLLUM. /ron-wooded Mesua. Fl. July, Aug. Tree 40 feet. 2 M. SPECIOSA (Chois. mss. B.C. prod. 1. p. 562.) leaves linear-lanceolate, rather acute, long ; flowers hardly stalked ; petals rounded, regular ; mature nut 4-seeded. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies. Rheed. mal. 3. p. 63. t. 53. Rheedesays this tree is much cultivated in Malabar for the odour and beauty of its flowers ; they are about the size and shape of those of the sweet-brier, but with only 4 white petals ; when dry they are mixed witli other aromatics, such as the white sandal- wood, and used for perfuming ointment. The fruit is reddish, and wrinkled when ripe, with a rind like that of the chesnut, containing 3 or 4 seeds the size, shape, substance and taste of the chesnut. The tree bears fruit in 6 years from the nut, and continues to bear during three centuries. It is planted near houses, and affords an excellent shade. The bark, wood, and roots are bitter, and sweet-scented. Sheny-fiovtereA Mesua. Fl. July, Aug. Tree 50 feet. Cult. These trees bear very shewy flowers ; they are there- fore worth cultivating in every collection of stove plants. They will thrive in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. XIV. CALOPHY'LLUM (from Ka\os, calos, beautiful, and v\\ot>, phyllon, a leaf; the leaves are large, of a beautiful green, and elegantly veined). Lin. gen. no. 658. Juss. gen. p. 258. D. C. prod. 1. p. 562. Cambess. in mem. mus. 16. p. 427. t. 11. C. LIN. SYST. Poiyandria, Monogynia. Calyx bractless, of 2-4, unequal, coloured sepals. Petals 4, rarely 2, opposite the sepals. Stamens indefinite, rarely definite, free or connected at the base ; filaments short ; anthers inserted by their base, 2-celled, burst- ing lengthwise. Style twisted, crowned by a large, capitate stigma, which is usually lobed. Fruit drupaceous, globose or egg-shaped, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded. Seeds large, globose or egg- shaped. — Trees with the leaves furnished with numerous trans- verse, parallel nerves. Flowers disposed in axillary racemes, and panicles polygamous or hermaphrodite. § 1 . Calyx of 4 sepals. 1 C. pARViFbiiuM (Chois. in act. soc. nat. par. 1. p. 229.) leaves cordate-ovate, bluntish, on short stalks, smooth, veined ; branches twisted ; panicles loose, few-flowered. F? . S. Native of the Moluccas. Small-leaved Calophyllum. Tree. 2 C. INOPHY'LLUM (Lin. spec. 732.) leaves oblong or obovate, obtuse, but usually emarginate ; branches round ; flowers loosely racemose ; racemes axillary ; peduncles 1 -flowered, usually op- posite. 1} . S. Native of the East Indies — Rumph. amb. 2. p. 211. t. 71. — Rheede.mal. 4. p. 79. t. 38. — Burm. zeyl. 1. 130. t. 60 — This is a large tree, with snow-white flowers. Fruit when ripe reddish, the size of a walnut, under a fleshy bark and a woody shell, having a very oily nut, which is bitter, and yields a yellow resinous juice. It is a tree about 90 feet in height, and 1 2 in thickness, with the younger branches when ripe of a red- dish colour, and when wounded exudes a yellowish, bitter juice, frequently hardening to a gum. The nut of the fruit is at first sweet, but afterwards very bitter. The tree is common in Malabar in sandy soils, and bears fruit twice a year, in March and September, frequently to the age of three hundred years. An oil is expressed from the nuts to burn in lamps, to assuage pain, and to make ointments. The bark and gum are also used for medical purposes. In Java they plant this tree about their houses for the elegance of the shade, and the sweetness of the flowers. Fibrous-leaved Calophyllum. Clt. 1793. Tree 90 feet. 3 C. TETRAPE'TALUM (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 93.) leaves ovate or oblong -lanceolate, obtusely acuminated; racemes axillary, short, corymbose, 2-3 together, fj . S. Native of the East Indies. Four-petalled Calophyllum. Tree 60 feet. 4 TACAMAHA'CA (Willd. berl. mag. 1811. p. 79.) leaves ovate- elliptical, acutish, rarely emarginate ; branches round ; flowers loosely racemose; racemes axillary; peduncles 1 -flowered, usually opposite. Tj . S. Native of the islands of Bourbon and Madagascar. C. inophyllum, Lam. diet. 1. p. 552. — Pluk.alm. 41. t. 147. f. 3. Flowers white. Tacamahaca Calophyllum. Clt. 1822. Tree 60 feet. 5 C. SPECTA'BILE (Willd. mag. berl. 1811. p. 99.) leaves elliptical-lanceolate or rarely ovate-elliptical, usually acute at both ends ; flowers in loose, short, axillary racemes ; peduncles 1-flowered. fj . S. Native of the East Indies and the Mauri- tius. C. acuminatum, Lam. diet. 1. p. 553. — Rumph. amb. 2. p. 218. t. 72. C. Soulatri, Burm. ind. p. 121. Petals yellow or white. This tree is very commonly cultivated in Amboyna for its shewy, yellow blossoms. The nuts are eatable. The bark is manufactured into ropes. In fact, it possesses all the qualities of C. inophyllum. Shewy Calophyllum. Clt. 1820. Tree 90 feet. § 2. Calyx of 2 sepals. 6 C. CA'LABA (Jacq. amer. p. 269. t. 165.) leaves obovate or oblong, obtuse or emarginate ; flowers hermaphrodite or male ; racemes lateral, very short. Tj . S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Fruit green, with little pulp, and that hardish, involving a smooth, yellowish, ash-coloured nut, in which is a white, solid kernel. It is not eaten, but the Caribbees express an oil from it for domestic uses, as for burn- ing in lamps. Browne says, that the wood is pretty good tim- ber, but does not bear the weather well, and that it is frequently used for staves and cask headings. The tree is called Calaba both by the Caribbees and the French. Calaba Calophyllum. Clt. 1780. Tree 60 feet. 7 C. MADRU'NNO (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 202.) leaves oblong, acute at both ends ; peduncles few-flowered ; capsules large, usually 2-seeded. J? . S. Native of South America in the kingdom of New Granada, where it is called Madrunno. Madrunno Calophyllum. Tree. 8 C. CALABOI'DES ; leaves wedge-shaped, praemorsely-emar- ginate ; racemes axillary, about the length of the leaves ; sepals 2. fy . S. Native of the East Indies. C. Calaba, Roxb. but not of Jacq. Calaba-like Calophyllum. Tree 50 feet. 9 C. BRASILIE'NSE (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 320. t. 67.) leaves elliptic or obovate ; cymes shorter than the leaves ; calyx 2- leaved ; petals usually 2 ; stamens few. fj. S. Native of Brazil. Petals white. Brazilian Calophyllum. Tree 60 feet. § 3. Calyx wanting ? 10 C. SPI/RIUM (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 563.) leaves ovate, obtuse ; peduncles elongated. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. C. Calaba, Lin. spec. 723. C. apetalum, Willd. mag. berl. 1811. p. 79. — Rheed. mal. 4. p. 81. t. 39. Rheede says the wood of this tree is very hard and of a reddish colour. The fruit when ripe is of a red colour ; in taste sweet, mixed with acid ; in shape, size, and colour, not unlike our cornelian cherry. It is eaten by the natives of Malabar, and an oil is ex- pressed from it for lamps. The petals are yellow. Spurious Calophyllum. Clt. 1 780. Tree 60 feet. •\ Species very little known. 11C. IONGIFOLIUM (Willd. berl. mag. 1811. p. 80.) leaves GUTTlFERjE. XV. MACANEA. XVI. SINGANA. XVII. MACOUBEA. MARCGRAVIACE^E. 623 oblong-elliptical, roundish-obtuse. 17 . S. Native of South America. (H. B.) Long-leaved Calophyllum. Tree. 12 C. ACUMINA'TUM (Willd. mag. berl. 1811. p. 80.) leaves oblong, acuminated. ^ . S. Native of South America in New Granada. (H. B.) A cuminate -\ea.\edL Calophyllum. Tree. 13 C. Cu'ssi (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 5. p. 203.) leaves oblong, blunt at both ends. J? . S. Native of South America in inundated places at St. Balthasar, where it is called Cussi. Cussi Calophyllum. Tree. •\ Species only known by name from Roxb. Hortus Bengalensis, p. 41 and 93. 14 C. LANCEOLAvRiuM(Roxb. hort. beng. p. 41.) Tj. S. Na- tive of the Mauritius. 15 C. BI'NTAGOK (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 43.) Tj.S. Native of the Moluccas. 16 C. SU'RIGA (Roxb.) fj . S. Native of Malacca. Cult. Calophyllum is a genus of fine trees, which grow well in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat ; and cuttings will root freely, taken from ripe wood, in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. | •(• Genera allied to Guttiferce, but not' sufficiently known. XV. MACA'NEA (Macaca-hana is the name of this tree in Guiana). Juss. gen. p. 257. D. C. prod. 1. p. 564. Maca- hanea, Aubl. guian. suppl. p. 6. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia ? Berry large, pear- shaped, gibbous and unequal on the outside, with a thick rind, 1 -celled, pulpy inside, 4-6-seeded. Seeds fixed laterally to the receptacle, ovate, coriaceous, enwrapped in a membrane, and imbedded in white pulp. 1 M. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. suppl. p. 6. t. 371.) Tj . S. Native of Guiana. A rambling shrub, with climbing branches, opposite, ovate, acute, smooth, toothed, stalked leaves, and axil- lary racemes of flowers. Guiana Macaca-hana. Shrub climbing. Cult. This fine climbing shrub will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. XVI. SINGA'NA (Singan-singa is the name of the tree in Guiana). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 574. Juss. gen. p. 257. D. C. prod. l.p. 564. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx 3-5-parted. Petals 3-5, unguiculate, with a serrulated border. Stamens nume- rous ; anthers roundish. Style 1, incurved at the apex. Stigma capitate, concave. Capsule long, cylindrical, 1 -celled, many- seeded. Seeds large, enwrapped in a pulp. Tree climbing. 1 S. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. p. 257. t. 230.) T? . w. S. Native of Guiana in the woods. Leaves opposite, ovate, acute, stalked, smooth, entire. Flowers white, in axillary corymbs. Pulp of fruit sweet. Guiana Singana. Shrub climbing. Cult. This shrub will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. XVII. MACOU'BEA (the Caribbean name of the tree). Aubl. guian. suppl. 2. p. 17. Juss. gen. p. 257. D. C. prod. 1. p. 564. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia ? Fruit the form of an Orange, somewhat compressed and trigonal, with a thin, roughish, rather dotted rind, 1- celled, many- seeded. Seeds oblong, some- what curved, convex above, furrowed beneath, covered with a white membrane, fixed to the central placenta of the fruit. — Tree abounding in a milky juice. Branches opposite. Leaves opposite, entire, with secondary transverse nerves. Fruit in racemes, from the divarication of the branches. 1 M. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. suppl. 2. p. 17. t. 378.) Tj . S. Native of Guiana. Leaves ovate, acute, smooth, entire, standing on half-stem-clasping petioles. Fruit rough, rufescent, with a few irregular dots. Guiana Macoubea. Tree 40 feet. Cult. This tree will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. ORDER XLII. MARCGRAVIA CE£1 (plants agreeing with Marcgravia in important characters). Juss. in ann. mus. 14. p. 397. D. C. prod. 1. p. 565. Calyx of 2-7 sepals ; sepals ovate, usually coriaceous, imbri- cate. Corolla hypogynous, sometimes monopetalous, hood- formed, entire, or jagged at the apex, sometimes 5-petalled, after flowering circumscised and caducous. Stamens definite but usually numerous, sometimes inserted in the receptacle, sometimes in a hypogynous membrane ; filaments dilated at the base ; anthers elongated, 2-celled, fixed by the base, bursting on the inside. Ovary 1, free, usually furrowed. Style 1, of various lengths, crowned by a simple or capitate stigma. Capsule cori- aceous, commonly globose, many-valved, hardly dehiscent, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Dissepiment in Marcgravia slender, arched, joined at the base and apex, distant from the centre, and the fruit is therefore 1 -celled. Seeds very minute, numerous, imbedded in pulp. Embryo unknown. — Usually ascendant shrubs with alternate leaves. Flowers um- bellate or spicate. Peduncles naked, but usually furnished with bracteas, which are either simple, concave on the outside, or hood-formed. This order is distinguished from Guttiferce in the leaves being alternate, and by the singular form of the bracteas of the flowers ; in this last respect it differs also from Ternstrce- midcece. Synopsis of the Genera. SUBORDER I. MARCGRAVIE'^. Corolla hood-formed. Sta- mens inserted in the receptacle. 1 ANTHOLO'MA. Calyx of 4 caducous sepals, rarely 2. Co- rolla ovate, cylindrical, with a crenate-toothed margin. 2 MARCGRA'VIA. Calyx permanent, 6-parted. Corolla co- nical, entire. SUBORDER II. NORA'NTE*. Corolla of 5 petals. Stamens pressed to the corolla, and appear as if they mere inserted in it. 3 NORA'NTEA. Calyx 5-7-parted. Corolla with reflexed petals. Stamens numerous, in one series. 4 RU'YSCHIA. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals. The rest as in Noranlea. Suborder I. MARCGRAVIE'jE plants agreeing with Marcgravia in important characters). D. C. prod. 1. p. 565. Corolla in the shape of a hood. Stamens inserted in the receptacle. I. ANTHOLO' MA (from avBoe, anthos, a flower, and Xwpa, loma, a fringe ; in allusion to the fringed or crenulated limb of corolla). Labill. nov. boll. 2. p. 121. D. C.prod. 1. p. 565. 624 MARCGRAVIACEjE. I. ANTHOLOMA. II. MARCGBAVIA. III. NORANTEA. LIN. SYST. Polyiindria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4, rarely of 2, ovate, caducous sepals. Corolla ovately cylindrical, with a crenate, rather toothed margin. Stamens about 100, inserted in a spongy disk ; anthers oblong, bursting at the apex. Ovary bluntly 4-sided. Style long, crowned by an acute stigma. Unripe fruit 4-celled, and probably capsular — A tree, with ellip- tical-oblong, coriaceous, stalked leaves, which are scattered at the top of the branchlets. Racemes of flowers axillary, some- what umbellate, reflexed, with naked peduncles. 1 A. MONTA'NA (Labill. voy. t. 41.). ^ . G. Native of New Caledonia. Flowers white ? Mountain Antholoma. Clt. 1810. Tree 20 feet. Cult. This fine tree will thrive best in a light loamy soil, mixed with a little peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass. II. MARCGRAV VI A (in honour of George Marcgrave, who was born at Leipstadt in Germany ; he published a Natural History of Brazil in 1718, wherein many singular plants are mentioned). Plum. amer. 29. Lin. gen. 640. Juss. gen. 244. B.C. prod. l.p. 566. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx 6-parted, per- manent, ovate-roundish, coriaceous, imbricate, unequal. Corolla coriaceous, conical, entire at the apex. Stamens in 1 row, in- serted in a little membrane which surrounds the ovary ; anthers oblong^ bursting lengthwise. Style almost wanting. Stigma thick, permanent. Capsule coriaceous, baccate, somewhat glo- bose.— Shrubs commonly with ascending stems, as in the ivy, with the flower-bearing branches pendulous. Leaves alternate. Pe- duncles furnished with pitcher-shaped bracteas. Flowers white ? 1 M. UMBELLA'TA (Lin. spec. 503.) leaves sessile, ovate- elliptical, acute, hardly veined, those on the sterile branches ovate, blunt ; peduncles umbellate, usually tubercled and fur- nished with spoon-shaped bracteas. ^ • S. Native of the Ca- ribbee Islands and South America in cool, wooded mountains. Jacq. amer. p. 156. t. 96. ed. pict. 77. t. 143. Plum. gen. 7. t. 173. f. 1. Lam. ill. t. 447.— Browne, jam. 244. t. 26.— Sloan, jam. 1. p. 74. t. 28. f. 1. This is a shrubby, creeping plant, but not properly parasitical, at first it is radicant, but as it advances in age it becomes shrubby, but adhering still by its fibres to the trunks of trees. Leaves distich. The seeds and pulp, are usually of a shining-scarlet colour. Umbellate-fioviered Marcgravia. Clt. 1792. Shrub rooting, attached to trees. 2 C. CORIA'CEA (Vahl. eccl. 2. p. 39.) leaves elliptical, co- riaceous, veinless; pedicels in whorles to the number of 17 or 18, spreading much, tubercled; ovary depressed, globose; stigma 6-cleft, convex, rayed. Fj . S. Native of Guiana in woods. This shrub has the habit of the last. Coriaceous-leaved Marcgravia. Clt. 1820. Shrub like the last. 3 M. SPICIFLORA (Juss. ann. mus. 14. p. 402. t. 25.) leaves ovate, obtuse, rarely acuminated ; pedicels racemose, furnished with simple bracteas ; stigma 4-lobed. fj . S. Native of Guiana and Guadaloupe on wooded mountains. Habit of ivy. Spiked-Jlonered Marcgravia. Shrub rooting like the rest. 4 M. PI'CTA (Willd. mag. berl. 1808. p. 172.) leaves of the sterile branches elliptical, cordate, roundish, very blunt, about an inch long, dark-green above, and netted with white veins, but pale-green beneath (Willd.). tj. S. Native of Brazil. Shrub with the habit of ivy. Painted-leaved Marcgravia. Shrub rooting like the rest. Cult. These singular shrubs will thrive well in a mixture of turfy loam and peat, and cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. They are well adapted for covering the walls or rafters of stoves. Suborder II. NORA'NTEjE (plants agreeing with Nordntea in the corolla being of 5 petals). D. C. prod. 1. p. 566. Corolla of 5 petals. Stamens pressed to the corolla and appearing as if they were inserted on it. III. NORA'NTEA (altered from the Caribbean name of N. Guianensis, Gonora-antegrf). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 554. Juss. gen. p. 245. D. C. prod. 1. p. 566.— A'scyum, Vahl. Willd. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, round- ed, coriaceous. Petals 5, free, reflexed. Stamens few or nume- rous, small, disposed in a simple or double series, adhering to the bottom of the petals. Filaments flat. Anthers fixed by the back. Ovary free, conical, furrowed, 3-5-celled ; cells many-seeded. Seeds fixed to the central axis. Style nearly wanting. Stigma capitate or acute. Trees or shrubs, rarely climbing or rooting, excepting those species, natives of Guiana. Leaves scattered, jointed, entire, exstipulate. Flowers disposed in terminal racemes or spikes. Pedicels jointed at the base, furnished with 3 bracteas each, lower one sack-formed or cu- cullate, stalked, the 2 upper ones small, usually guarding the calyx, and therefore appear as if they were sepals. 1 N. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 554. t. 220.) spikes of flowers long ; flowers "nearly sessile ; bracteas large, bladdery, or cucullate ; anthers numerous, very minute, scarcely exserted ; leaves oblong, blunt, emarginate. Tj . S. Native of Guiana and Trinidad in woody mountains. A'scyum violaceum, Vahl. eel. p. 41. A beautiful shrub, with oblong, mucronate, coriaceous leaves. Branches red, throwing out roots by which it supports itself on the trees which it grows near. Flowers of a violet colour, with scarlet bracteas. Guiana Norantea. Clt. 1818. Shrub rooting on trees. 2 N. BRASILIE'NSIS (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 566. St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 311.) leaves obovate, stalked ; flowers race- mose, on long peduncles ; bracteas about one-half the size of those of the preceding plant ; anthers ovate, emarginate at the base, with scarlet bracteas ; petals green in the middle but white on the margins. Tj. S. Native of Brazil. Habit of the preceding species. Brazilian Norantea. Clt. 1 820. Shrub 6 feet. 3 N. ADAME'NTUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 313. t. 62.) leaves obovate, nearly sessile ; flowers racemose, on long pedicels ; anthers ovate, emarginate at the base. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes near Tejuco, in the district of the Diamonds. Petals green marked with red. Adamant Norantea. Shrub 6 feet. 4 N. GOYASE'NSIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 313.) leaves ob- ovate, nearly sessile ; flowers racemose, on short pedicels ; an- thers subtrigonal, entire at the base. T; • S. Native of Brazil in the province of Goyaz near Villa Boa. Petals dark-purple. Goyaz Norantea. Fl. July. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 5 N. ANO'MALA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. t. 647. b.) flowers somewhat spiked, octandrous ; bracteas hemispherical, helmet-shaped ; leaves oblong, obtuse, somewhat coriaceous, tapering to the base. Tj . S. Native of South America. A's- cyum anomalum, Spreng. syst. app. p. 207. Flowers violet- coloured. Habit of the preceding two species. Anomalous Norantea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 6 N. SELLOI; flowers racemose; bracteas almost sessile, rather remote from the flower, roundish ; leaves obovate-oblong, retuse. ?j. S. Native of Brasil. A'scyum Selloi, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 599. Sello's Norantea. Shrub 6 feet. 7 N. BERTE'RII; flowers racemose ; bracteas sessile, approxi- mating the flower, mucronated beneath ; leaves oblong, mucro- MARCGRAVIACE^:. III. NORANTEA. IV. RUYSCHIA. HIPPOCRATEACE^. 625 nated, of a different colour beneath. Tj . S. Native of the West Indies. A'scyum Berterii, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 599. Bertero's Norantea. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 8 N. OBOVA'TA ; leaves nearly sessile, obovate, entire, termi- nated by a small mucrone ; bracteas cucullate at the base, and bifid at the apex, equal in length to the pedicel ; calyx one-half shorter than the corolla. Jj . S. Native of Peru. Marcgravia obovata, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 437. Flowers large, disposed in corymbose racemes. O&ouate-leaved Norantea. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 9 N. CORDACHIDA; leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire, acute, tapering to the base ; flowers disposed in long terminal racemes ; pedicels 2 together, one of which is very short ; fruit obovate. \l . S. Native of Peru. Marcgravia cordachlda, Ruiz et Pav. fl.per. 5. t. 438. A. Cordachida Norantea. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 10 N. CACABI'FERA ; leaves oblong or obovate-lanceolate, ob- tuse, mucronate ; racemes long ; flowers 2 together, the one ses- sile, the other pedicellate. Tj . S. Native of Peru. Marcgravia cacabifera. Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 439. Kettle-bearing Norantea. Shrub 6 feet. UN. MACROCA'RPA ; leaves obovate-oblong, mucronate, on short petioles ; flowers corymbose^ terminal ; pedicels long ; petals reflexed ; fruit large. T? . S. Native of Peru. Marc- gravia macrocarpa, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 436. Large-fruited Norantea. Shrub. Cult. Norantea is a genus of beautiful and singular shrubs. They will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and cut- tings will root readily in sand or mould under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. IV. RITYSCHIA (in honour of Frederick Ruysch, a Dutch physician, who published Hortus Amsteladamensis, a posthumous work of John Commelin; he died 1731). Jacq. amer. p. 75. D. C. prod. l.p. 566. Souroubea, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 244. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals ; the rest as in the preceding genus. 1 R. SOUROUBEA (Willd. spec. 1116.) leaves obovate, obtuse, on short petioles ; flowers in loose spikes ; peduncles elongated, with sessile bracteas, which approximate the calyx, each of which are furnished with 2 long auricles. I? . S. Native of Guiana in woods on the banks of the river Gallion. Souroubea Guia- nensis, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 244. t. 97. Souroubea Aubletii, Meyr. esseq. prim. p. 119. Logania pentacrina, Scop, introd. gen. 1076. A sarmentose shrub, with long, round, divaricating, flexile, ram- bling, rooting branches. Leaves alternate, acuminated at the base, but emarginate at the apex, with a mucrone in the middle, smooth, fleshy. Racemes terminal, simple, long, many-flowered. Flowers alternate, somewhat remote from each other. Calyx 5-6-parted. Bracteas opposite, scarlet. Petals oblong, deci- duous, yellow. Filaments red ; anthers brown. Stigma fleshy, flat, 5-rayed. Souroubea is the Guiana name of the plant. Souroubea Ruyschia. Shrub rambling, and rooting on trees. 2 R. CLUSLEFOLIA (Jacq. amer. p. 75. t. 51. f. 2.) leaves obovate ; flowers densely spiked ; peduncles very short ; brac- teas not cucullate, but concave on the outside. Tj . S. Na- tive of Guiana and the Caribbee islands in moist woods. Jacq. amer. ed. pict. t. 76. This is a parasitical under-shrub. Leaves alternate, thick, shining, about 4 inches long. Racemes ter- minal, many-flowered, about a foot long ; bracteas obovate, acute, thick, deflexed, concavo-convex, scarlet, dotted with red. Petals purple, deciduous. Filaments purple. Stigma 5-rayed. Clusia-leaved Ruyschia. Clt. 1823. Shrub rooting on trees like ivy. 3 R. PAvbNii ; leaves obovate, mucronate, with revolute mar- gins ; racemes terminal ; pedicels single, bracteate ; flowers pen- VOL. i. — PART vn. tandrous. J? . S. Native of Peru. Marcgravia pentandra, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 440. Pavon's Ruyschia. Shrub. Cult. These pretty radicant shrubs will thrive well in a mix- ture of loam and vegetable mould, and ripened cuttings will root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. ORDER XLIII. HIPPOCRATEA'CEjE (plants agreeing with Hippocratea in important characters). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 135. D. C. prod. 1. p. 567. — Hippocra- ticeae, Juss. in ann. du. mus. 18. p. 486. Calyx of 5 (f. 105. a.), rarely of 4 or 6 sepals, small, and joined to the middle, permanent. Petals equal in number to the sepals (f. 105. &.), equal, somewhat imbricate in aestivation. Disk occupying the bottom of the calyx, expanded between the petals and the stamens. Stamens 3 (f. 105. c.), rarely 5 or 10 ; filaments free at the apex, dilated at the base (f. 105. c.). Anthers (ex Kunth) 1 -celled, bursting transversely at the apex or 2-4 celled at the base. Ovary hidden within the urceolus or staminiferous tube, trigonal, free. Style 1, crowned by 1-3 stigmas. Fruit sometimes of 3 samara-like carpels, sometimes baccate, 1 -3-cell- ed. Seeds in each cell usually numerous, fixed by pairs to the central axis, erect, exalbuminous, often solitary from abortion. Embryo straight, with an inferior radicle pointing to the base, and flat, elliptic, oblong, fleshy cotyledons. — Arborescent or climbing shrubs, usually smooth, with opposite, entire, toothed, feather-nerved, rather coriaceous, stipulate leaves, and axillary corymbs or fascicles of small, inelegant flowers. According to Jussieu, this order is allied to Acer'mece in the ternary number of the stamens. It differs from all the foregoing orders in the sin- gular form of the disk or urceolus, which is either separate from the stamens or formed from the cohesion of the filaments. Synopsis of the Genera, 1 HIPPOCRATE'A. Petals foveate at the apex. Stamens 3 ; anthers 1-celled, opening transversely at the apex. Carpels 3, samara-like, or only 1-2 from abortion, 2-valved. Seeds winged downwards. 2 RADDI'SIA. Calyx of 5 sepals. Ring girding the ovary on the outside of the stamens. Stamens 3 ; anthers 2-celled. Cap- sule 3-celled ; cells many-seeded. 3 SALAVCIA. Calyx 5 -parted. Petals 5, with a fleshy urceo- lus between the petals and pistillum. Stamens 3 ; anthers adnate, 2-celled. Berry roundish, 3-celled, many-seeded. 4 CALY'PSO. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, with the urceolus expanded between the petals and stamens. Stamens 3 ; anthers adnate, 2-celled. Berry usually 1-celled from abortion, some- times 3-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. 5 JO'HNIA. Anthers 3, seated on the top of the urceolus. Fruit baccate, younger ones 3-celled, with 1 or 2 peltate ovulae in each cell, adult ones few-seeded. f Spurious Hippocraleacece, with stamens beyond 5. 6 TRIGO'NIA. Calyx 5-parted, unequal. Petals 5, arched at the apex, 2 lateral ones wing-formed, 2 inferior ones connected in the form of a keel. Stamens 10-12, fertile, irregularly con- nected at the base. Capsule trigonal, 3-valved, 3-celled, woolly inside, containing many woolly seeds, 4L 626 HIPPOCRATEACEjE. I. HIPPOCRATEA. 7 LACEPE'DEA. Calyx 5-parted, unequal. Petals 5, ungui- culate. Stamens 5 ; anthers 2-celled, bursting lengthwise. Ovary 3-celled. Stigma 3-parted. Berry tricuspidate from the styles, 6-9-seeded. I. HIPPOCRATEA (in honour of Hippocrates, the cele- brated physician ; he is regarded as one of the fathers of botany). Lin. gen.no. 54. D. C. prod. 1. p. 567. — Coa, Plum. gen. p. 8. t. 35. LIN. SYST. Triandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted (f. 105. a.). Petals 5 (f. 105. &.), inserted between the disk and the calyx. Stamens 3 (f. 105. c.), inserted between the disk and the ovary, or on the top of the disk ; filaments flat, dilated at the base, free ; anthers 1-celled, bursting transversely. Style short, with a continuous stigma. Ovary more or less immersed in the disk, 3-celled, each cell containing 2-6 ovulae. Carpels 3, or from abortion only 1 or 2, compressed, 1-celled, 2-valved ; valves keeled. Seeds oblong, compressed, winged downwards. — Trees or climbing shrubs, with twisted branches, opposite, entire leaves, very deciduous stipulas, and small insignificant flowers, disposed in dichotomous, axillary panicles, with the branchlets and pedicels furnished with bracteas. 1 H. OBCORDA'TA (Lam. ill. 1. p. 100. t. 28. f. 1.) carpels ob- cordate ; racemes corymbose, shorter than the leaves ; leaves ovate, lanceolate, serrated. Tj . w. S. Native of the Caribbee Islands and New Spain. H. scandens, Jacq. amer. 9. t. 9. Petals ovate, obtuse, greenish-yellow. Oicordate-carpelled Hippocratea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1793. Shrub cl. 2 H. UNIFLORA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 567.) carpels obcordate ; peduncles 1 -flowered ; leaves oblong, cordate at the base and entire. Tj . /">. S. Na- tive of Mexico. Petals ovate, obtuse, greenish-white. One-flonered Hippocratea. Shrub cl. 3 H. OVATA (Lam. ill. 1. p. 100. t. 28. f. 2.) carpels ovate; panicles axillary, somewhat dichotomous ; leaves oblong-ovate or elliptical-serrated. Tj . r>. S. Native of St. Domingo. Vahl. enum. 2. p. 27. H. volubilis, Lin. syst. 84 — Plum. ed. Burm. 76. t. 88. but the carpels of this plant are rounder, and the leaves are narrower. Var. fi,oblongifblia (D.C. prod. 1. p. 568.) leaves more oblong. Jj . ^. S. Native of Porto-Rico. CWte-carpelled Hippocratea. Clt. 1793. Shrub cl. 4 H. UEVIGA'TA (Rich, in Vahl. enum. 2. p. 27.) carpels? ; panicles axillary, somewhat dichotomous ; pedicels 2 together, 1 -flowered in the forks ; leaves ovate-oblong, obsoletely cre- nated. Tj . ^. S. Native of Cayenne. Smooth Hippocratea. Shrub cl. 5 H. AFFI'NIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 103.) leaves elliptic, acutish, serrate-toothed, smooth ; panicle clothed with rusty to- mentum, usually crowned by a leaf; calyx pubescent, ciliated ; petals 4-times longer than the calyx, oblong, obtuse, clothed with rusty down on the outside, and bearded on the inside. T; . S. Native of Brazil near to the town of St. Paul. A sarmen- tose shrub. Allied Hippocratea. Fl. Nov. Tree 30 to 40 feet, support- ing itself on other trees. 6 H. MICRA'NTHA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 103.) leaves elliptic- oblong, acuminated, very obsoletely serrate-toothed, smoothish ; panicle smooth, much branched, shorter than the leaves ; calyx smooth, denticulated ; petals 3 times longer than the calyx, ellip- tic-oblong, obtuse, smooth. ^.^,.8. Native of Brazil in the province of St. Paul in woods near Registro Velho. Petals yel- lowish. Small-flowered Hippocratea. Fl. Dec. Shrub cl. 7 H. DI'SCOLOR (Meyer, prim, esseq. 19.) carpels ovate; pa- nicles axillary, somewhat dichotomous, brown-velvety ; smaller branches many-flowered ; leaves oval, with short points, obso- letely crenate-serrated. T? . S. Native of Guiana in woods by the sea-side. Leaves rusty beneath. Tivo-coloured-\ea.vet\ Hippocratea. Shrub 12 feet. 8 H. VI'RIDIS (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 44. t. 74. f. a.) car- pels oval, emarginate ; corymbs dichotomous, shorter than the leaves ; leaves ovate, bluntly acuminated, entire, and serrated. Tj . ^\ S. Native of Peru in groves on the Andes. Petals ob- tuse, greenish. Green-flowered Hippocratea. Shrub cl. 9 H. ACUTIFLORA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 568.) carpels obovate ; corymbs dichotomous, shorter than the leaves ; petals acute ; leaves oblong-oval, toothed. Tj . /^>. S. Native of Mexico. Petals greenish, acute, and appear as if they were bifoveolate at the apex. Anthers 4-lobed. Stigma simple. Acute-flowered Hippocratea. Shrub cl. 10 H. CELASTROI'DES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 136.) carpels roundish-ovate; corymbs dichotomous, smooth, one-half shorter than the leaves ; petals roundish-obtuse ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, each with an acute point. ^ . /0. S. Native of Mexico near Venta del -Estola. Flowers greenish-white. Celastrus-ltke Hippocratea. Shrub cl. 11 H. ACAPULCE NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 136.) carpels obovate; peduncles dichotomous, many-flowered, smooth, about equal in length with the leaves ; petals ovate ; leaves obovate, oblong, each with a short point ; branches wart- ed. Tj . /*\ S. Native of New Granada. Flowers greenish-white. Acnpulca Hippocratea. Shrub cl. 12 H.VERRUCOSA(H.B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 136.) carpels obovate ; peduncles much branched, dichotomous, many- flowered, smooth, about equal in length with the leaves ; petals ovate ; leaves elliptical-oblong, acutish, remotely serrulated ; branches warted. Tj . '"'. S. Native of New Granada. Flowers greenish-white. TFarfeeZ-branched Hippocratea. Shrub cl. 13 H. MALPIGIIIJEFOLIA (Rudge, pi, guian. 10. t. 8.) carpels? panicles axillary and terminal ; leaves narrow-oval, quite en- tire, acuminated, rough beneath, as well as the branches. Tj . /"\ S. Native of Guiana. Anthers 4-lobed. Malpighia-lcaved Hippocratea. Shrub cl. 14 H. COMOSA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 77.) carpels oblong or obovate; peduncles of panicles multifid, capillary; leaves ovate, acuminated, quite entire, obtuse at the base or rather cordate, ft . *"\ S. Native of Hispaniola in the remote parts of woods. Carpels 2 or 3 inches long. Flowers white. Tufted Hippocratea. Shrub cl. 15 H. EMARGINATA (Rudge, pi. guian. p. 11. t. 9.) carpels? pa- nicles axillary, short, dichoto- mous ; leaves obovate, quite entire, emarginate ; stem rough, with mi- nute warts. I? . ^\ S. Native of Guiana. Anthers roundish, (f. 105.) Emarginate-leaved Hippocratea. Shrub cl. 16 H. PANICULA'TA (Vahl. enum. 2. p. 28.) carpels ? panicles axil- lary, dichotomous, shorter than the leaves ; leaves oblong, acute at both ends, bluntly serrated. Tj . r^. S. Native of Sierra Leone on the mountains. Branches spread- ing much, rather compressed at the top. FIG. 105. HIPPOCRATEACE.E. I. HIPPOCRATEA. II. RADDISIA. III. SAIACIA. 627 Panicled-Qoviered, Hippocratea. Shrub cl. 17 H. RICHARDIAVNA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 102.) leaves elliptic-oblong, bluntish, nearly entire, smooth ; panicles puberu- lous, equal in length witli the leaves ; calyx pubernlous, ciliated ; petals much longer than the calyx, acutish, puberulous ; capsule obovate, obtuse, 4-seeded. ^ . 0>. S. Native of Senegal. Richard's Hippocratea. % Shrub cl. 18 H. MACROPHY'ILA (Vahl. enum. 2. p. 28.) carpels? pa- nicles axillary, dichotomous, shorter than the leaves ; leaves ovate, quite entire, shining, blunt at the base, but acuminated at the apex. Tj . r>. ? S. Native of Sierra Leone. Leaves pale- green, as in the preceding species. Long-leaved Hippocratea. Shrub cl. ? 19 H. VELUTI'NA (Afz. in Spreng. new entd. 3. p. 234.) car- pels ? racemes axillary ; leaves oblong, acuminated, quite en- tire, veiny beneath, as well as being clothed with rufous villi. T? . S. Native of Guinea. Velvety Hippocratea. Shrub 6 feet? 20 H. I'NDICA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 193.) carpels oblong, 2- seeded ; panicles corymbose, dichotomous, about the length of the leaves ; leaves oval, acute, serrated, shining. Jj . 1"1. S. Native of Coromandel on wooded mountains. Roxb. cor. 2. t. 130. Flowers yellowish. Var. ft, disperma (Vahl. enum. 2. p. 28.) carpels lanceolate, obtuse at both ends ; panicles shorter than the leaves ; leaves elliptical, acuminated, serrulated. Ij . °. S. Native of the East Indies in woody mountains. Var. y, euonymoldes (Vahl. enum. 2. p. 28.) leaves oblong or obovate, entire or emarginate at the apex. Jj . °. S. Flowers greenish-white. Indian Hippocratea. Shrub cl. 21 H. OBTUSIFOLIA (Roxb. fl. hid. 1. p. 170.) carpels obovate, 4-seeded ; corymbs terminal and axillary ; leaves elliptical-ob- long, entire, blunt ; branches tendrilled. Jj . r>. S. Native of Coromandel. Flowers greenish -yellow. Anthers 2-lobed. Blunt-leaved Hippocratea. Clt. 1818. Shrub cl. 22 H. ARBOREA (Roxb. cor. 3. t. 205.) carpels linear-oblong, somewhat cuneated, 2-seeded ; corymbs axillary, dichotomous ; leaves elliptical, serrulated, terminating in a point ; branches somewhat climbing, fj . S. Native of Hindostan. Flowers 4-6-cleft, greenish-yellow. Anthers 4-lobed. Tree Hippocratea. Clt. 1818. Tree 20 feet. 28 H. ? CASSINOI'DES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 569.) carpels? corymbs axillary, dichotomous, 3 times shorter than the leaves ; leaves elliptical, acuminated at both ends, somewhat serrulated, rather membranaceous ; branches compressed at the apex. Tj . S. Native of the Island of Timor. Cassine-like Hippocratea. Shrub 6 feet? 24 H. ? PAUCLFLORA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 565.) carpels? corymbs axillary, dichotomous, 5-7-flowered, scarcely longer than the petioles ; leaves elliptical-oblong, very bluntly crenu- lated. Tj . *"* ? S. Native of the Island of Timor. Flowers 4 lines in diameter. Anthers somewhat 4-lobed. Few-jlowered Hippocratea. Shrub cl. 25 H. ELLI'PTICA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 138.) carpels ? peduncles clothed with very fine down, dichotomously quadrifid, shorter than the leaves ; leaves elliptical, acute, re- motely crenate-serrulated ; branches quadrangular. Tj . '"' ? S. Native of Mexico. Flowers greenish-white. Elliptical-leaved Hippocratea. Shrub cl. ? 26 H. EXCE'LSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 136.) carpels ? peduncles bifid, many-flowered, powdery-hairy, 3 or 4 times shorter than the leaves ; leaves elliptical -oblong, acumi- nated, wavy-crenulated ; younger branches quadrangular ; stem arboreous. Tj . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers yellow. Tall Hippocratea. Tree 20 feet. Cult. These shrubs are hardly worth cultivating unless in botanic gardens ; the flowers being very minute, and without . beauty. The species will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. II. RADDI'SIA (in honour of Giuseppe Raddi, an Italian botanist and traveller in Brazil, author of Novae Species Cryp- togamicae Firenze, 1808, and other works). Leand. sacram. in denk. sekr. munch, akad. 7. p. 244. t. 15. ex Schult. mant. 1. p. 252. B.C. prod. 1. p. 570. LIN. SYST. Tridndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals. Corolla rotate, 5-cleft, with a ring girding the ovary on the out- side of the stamens. Stamens 3, with linear filaments, and 2- celled anthers ? Pistil longer than the stamens. Style short. Capsule 3-celled ; cells many-seeded. Seeds rather globose, fixed to the central axis. This genus is perhaps sufficiently dis- tinct from Salacia. 1 R. ARB6REA (Leand. 1. c. Schrank. 1. c. p. 244. ex Schult. mant. 1 . p. 347.) fj . S. Native of Brazil on the borders of Islands at the entrance to Rio Janeiro. Leaves elliptical, acute, smooth, serrated on short stalks. Flowers small, axillary, soli- tary or aggregate, greenish-yellow. Tree Raddisia. Tree 20 feet. Cult. This tree bears very insignificant flowers ; therefore not worth cultivating except in botanic gardens. It will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. III. SALAVCIA (from Salacia in mythology, wife of Nep- tune). Lin. mant. 293. — Toutelea, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 31. — Tonsella, Schreb. gen. no. 74. — Sicelium, R. Brown, ex Poir. suppl. 5. p. 146. — A'nthodon, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 45. D. C. prod. 1. p. 569. — A'nthodus, Mart, in Schult. mant. 1. p. 253. LIN. SYST. Tridndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted ; lobes rounded. Petals 5, entire or toothed, inserted between the disk and the ovary. Stamens 3, inserted between the disk and the ovary; filaments dilated at the base, free; anthers terminal, 1- celled, opening transversely at the apex. Style short or want- ing. Stigma 3-lobed. Ovary more or less immersed in the disk, 3-celled, containing from 2 to 10 ovulae in each cell, which are fixed to the inner angle of the cells, disposed in a double or triple series. Berry somewhat globose, fleshy, 2-3-celled ; cells 1 -seeded from abortion. Seeds ovate, enwrapped in mucilage. — Small trees and shrubs, rarely climbing, with entire leaves, deciduous stipulas ; axillary, dichotomous panicles of greenish or yellowish flowers, or umbellate from abortion. § 1. A'NTHODON (from avdog, anthos, a flower, and oSove oSovroe, odous odontos, a tooth ; petals toothed). Petals fringed or toothed (f. 105. 6.). 1 S. DECUSSA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. t. 74. f. 2. under A'nthodon,) leaves oblong-ovate, somewhat acuminated, bluntly serrated, shining ; panicles axillary, dichotomous ; petals ovate- oblong, sharply serrated. J? . S. Native of Peru in groves on the Andes, and near Angustura, ex. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 140. t. 443. Hippocratea? A'nthodon, Pers. ench. 1. p. 40. Tonsella decussata, Vahl. enum. l.p. 30. Decussate-leaved Salacia. Shrub 6 feet. 2 S. PANICULA'TA (Mart. 1. c. under A'nlhodus,') leaves ovate, bluntish, obsoletely and rather undulately-crenated ; flowers panicled ; petals oval, unequally and remotely toothed. T? . S. Native of Brazil at Rio Janeiro. All other particulars unknown, as well as those of the following. Panicled-fiowered Salacia. Clt. 1818. Shrub 6 feet. 3 S. UNDULA'TA (Mart. 1. c. under A'nthodus,) leaves elliptic, acute, tapering to both ends, bluntly, and rather undulately-ser- 4 L2 628 HIPPOCRATEACE^E. III. SALACIA. rated ; peduncles 3-5-flowered, axillary, short ; calycine segments roundish, entire ; petals obovate-roundish, fringe-toothed, 3 times longer than the calyx. T? . S. Native of Brazil at Rio Janeiro. Shrub decumbent. Petals greenish-yellow. Waved-leaved Salacia. Shrub 6 feet. 4 S. ELLI'PTICA (Mart. 1. c. under A'nthodus,) leaves thick, elliptic, rounded at both ends, with thickened, entire margins ; flowers axillary and lateral, on short peduncles, in bundles ; pe- tals obovate-orbicular, serrulated. Jj . S. Native of Brazil at Rio Janeiro. Elliptical-leaved Salacia. Clt. 1818. Shrub 6 feet. 5 S. VAHLIA'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 105, in a note,) leaves elliptic-ovate, acuminated, quite entire, scabrous on both sur- faces ; calycine segments oblong -linear, acutish, clothed with grey tomentum; petals equal in length with the calyx, obovately- roundish, fringed, f? . w. S. Native of Trinidad. Tontalia scandens, ex herb. Vahl. but not of Aubl. Haiti's Salacia. Shrub cl. 6 S. MULTIFLORA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 109.) leaves elliptic- oblong, acute, serrate-toothed ; calycine segments ovate-roundish, ciliated ; petals oblong, acutish, denticulated, 3 times longer than the calyx ; cells of ovary 7-ovulate. Jj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Goyaz. Petals clothed with rusty tomentum. Many-flowered Salacia. Shrub 6 feet. 7 S. GRANDIFOLIA (Mart. 1. c. under A'nthodus,) leaves thick, • oblong, obtuse, quite entire ; flowers axillary and lateral, aggre- gate, on very short peduncles ; petals ovate-orbicular, tooth- letted. Tj . S. Native of Brazil at Rio Janeiro. Great-leaved Salacia. Shrub 6 feet. 8 S. OBLONGIF6LIA (Mart. 1. c. under A'nthodus,) leaves thick, oblong, bluntish, remotely and undulately crenated in front ; flowers axillary and lateral, aggregate ; petals obovate-oblong, toothletted. ^ • S. Native of Brazil in the province of Bahia, in woods at the river St. Francisco. Oblong-leaved Salacia. Shrub 6 feet. 9 S. GLOMERA TA (Mart. 1. c. under A'nthodus,) leaves thick, oblong-lanceolate, bluntish ; flowers glomerated, axillary and lateral, sessile ; petals orbicular, hardly toothletted. Tj . S. Native with the preceding species. Glomerate-flowered Salacia. Shrub 6 feet. 10 S. BRASILIE'NSIS ; leaves ovate, acute, quite entire, shin- ing above, white-tomentose beneath ; cymes axillary ; petals fringed, villous inside. T? . S. Native of Brazil. Tonsella Brasiliensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 177. Brazilian Salacia. Shrub 6 feet. 1 1 S. TRINE'RVIA ; leaves oblong, acuminated, quite entire, triple-nerved, smooth on both surfaces ; panicles terminal ; petals fringed, villous inside, tj . S. Native of Brazil. Tonsella tri- nervia, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 177. Three-nerved-leaved Salacia. Shrub 6 feet. 12 S. MICRA'NTHA (Mart. 1. c. under A'nthodus,) leaves thick, linear-oblong, obtuse, quite entire ; panicles axillary and termi- nal, few-flowered ; petals obovatc, hardly toothletted. Ij . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Bahia, in woods at Ca- tingas. Small-flowered Salacia. Shrub 6 feet. 13 S. CRASSIFOLIA (Mart. 1. c. under A'nthodus,) leaves thick, somewhat marginated, elliptic-linear ; flowers glomerated, ses- sile, axillary, and lateral : petals obovaie-orUcular, quite entire. Jj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Coyaz towards Vao la Paraxa. Thick-leaved Salacia. Shrub 6 feet. 14 S. UEVIGA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 570.) panicles axillary, multifid ; petals ciliated ; leaves stalked, oblong, acute, some- what waved, quite entire, smooth, but roughish beneath ; branches smooth. 1? . S. Native of? Tonsella laevigata, Hoffmans. in Link, jahrb. 3. p. 68. ex Schult. mant. 1. p. 347. Very like the preceding species. Petals fringed. Smooth Salacia. Shrub 6 feet. 15 S. PRINOIDES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 571.) peduncles axillary, crowded, elongated, 1 -flowered? Leaves elliptical, obtuse, obsoletely serrated at the apex ; petals fringed. Tj . S. Na- tive of the East Indies. Tonsella prinoides, Willd. act. nat. berl. 4. p. 184. Berry 1 -seeded. Prinos-like Salacia. Shrub 6 feet. 16 S. VELUTI'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 108.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, acutish, or rounded at the apex, quite entire, velvety above ; panicle nearly sessile, short ; calycine segments ovate- roundish, rather ciliated ; petals oblong, elliptic, twice the length of the calyx, erose ; cells of ovary 2-ovulate. T? . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals green. Stems many from the root. Velvety Salacia. Fl. Sept. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 17 S. ERYTHROXYLOIDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 106.) leaves elliptic, obtuse, quite entire ; flowers umbellate, pedicellate ; calycine segments roundish, erose ; petals roundish-elliptic, erose ; cells of ovary 5-ovulate. fy . S. Native of Brazil in the pro- vince of Minas Geraes. Petals dirty-yellow. Erythroxylum-like Salacia. Tree 15 feet. § 2. Salacia (see Genus). Petals entire. 18 S. SCA'BRA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 570.) panicles axillary and terminal, dichotomous, clothed with grey tomentum ; leaves ovate-oblong, entire, veiny beneath and rough. Tj . w. S. Na- tive of Cayenne and the Island of Trinidad in woods. Tontelea scandens, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 31. t. 10. Hippocratea aspera, Lam. illus. 1. p. 101. Tonsella scabra, Vahl. enum. 29. Scabrous Salacia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl. 19 S. CALYPSOI DBS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 107.) leaves obo- vate, elliptic, short-acuminate, quite entire ; panicle sessile, short ; calycine segments ovate, obtuse ; petals elliptic-roundish, twice the length of the calyx, quite entire ; cells of ovary 2- ovulate. fj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Ja- neiro. Petals green. Calypso-like Salacia. Fl. Sept. Shrub 4 feet. 20 S. OBTUSIF6LIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 105.) leaves oblong, obtuse, quite entire ; flowers umbellate, pedicellate ; calycine segments ovate-roundish, ciliated ; petals twice the length of the calyx, elliptic, obtuse, quite entire ; cells of ovary 2-ovulate. lj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Goyaz. Petals brownish-yellow. Var. /3, parviflbra ; flowers much smaller and on shorter pe- dicels. Obtuse-leaved Salacia. Fl. Aug. Tree 15 feet. 21 S. MULTIFLORA (B.C. prod. 1. p. 570.) peduncles crowded, usually 3-flowered ; leaves obovate, quite entire, shining. Tj . S. Native of Cayenne in woods. Hippocratea obovata, Rich in act. soc. hist. nat. par. 1. p. 106. Hippocratea multifldra, Lam. ill. l.p. 101. Many-flowered Salacia. Shrub 6 feet. 22 S. RA'DULA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 177. under Tonsella) leaves elliv tical, coriaceous, very smooth, quite entire ; cymes axil- lary ; branches with rough spots. I? . S. Native of Brazil. .kawjj-branched Salacia. Shrub 6 feet. 23 S. COCHINCHINE'NSIS (Lour. fl. coch. 526.) peduncles axillary, crowded, 1 -flowered ; leaves ovate, somewhat acumin- ated, rather serrated ; petals roundish, fy . G. Native of Cochin-china among bushes. Flowers of a reddish-yellow colour. Cochin-china Salacia. Shrub 6 feet. 24 S. SERRA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 109.) leaves elliptic, long-acuminated, sharply serrated ; panicle nearly sessile, short ; calycine segments ovate-roundish, ciliated ; cells of ovary HIPPOCRATEACE^E. III. SALACIA. IV. CALYPSO. V. JOHNIA. VI. TRIGONIA. 629 2-ovulate. Tj . w. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals yellow. (Serrated-leaved Salacia. Fl. Jan. Shrub cl. 25 S. CHINE'NSIS (Lin. mant. 293.) peduncles axillary, crowded, 1-flowered ; leaves alternate ? oval, quite entire, smooth ; branches angular. Ij . G. Native of China. Probably the same as S. Cochinchinensis. China Salacia. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. Shrubs of no beauty, therefore hardly worth culti- vating, except in general collections. They will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, those of the stove species in heat. IV. CALY'PSO (in mythology daughter of Oceanus and Thetis ; she reigned in the island of Ogygia). Pet. Th. veg. afr. 1. p. 29. t. G. St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 110. Salacia, spec. D. C. prod. 1. p. 570. LIN. SYST. Tridndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Pe- tals 5, alternating with the segments of the calyx. Disk gird- ing the ovary, expanded between the petals and stamens. Stamens 3, inserted between the margin of the disk and ovary ; filaments flat, free. Anthers adnate, 2-celled ; cells bursting outwards. Style short, crowned by an obsoletely 3-lobed stigma. Ovary more or less immersed in the disk, 3-celled ; cells 2 or many-ovulate ; ovulae fixed to the inner angle of the cells. Fruit indehiscent, fleshy, globose, usually 1 -celled from abortion. Seeds globose, solitary in the cells, clothed with mucilaginous pulp. Embryo straight, destitute of albumen, with thick coty- ledons.— Shrubs with opposite, entire leaves, deciduous sti- pulas, axillary, dichotomous panicles of flowers, or from abor- tion subumbellate. 1 C. CAMPE'STRIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 111. t. 104.) quite smooth ; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, narrow at the apex, somewhat acuminated, serrate-toothed ; flowers panicled ; petals twice the length of the calyx, denticulated ; cells of ovary 2- ovulate. T; . S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of Goyaz and St. Paul, where it is called Bacopari do Campo. This is a much-branched shrub, with green flowers. Field Calypso. Fl. Sept. Feb. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 2 C. AFRICA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 570. under Salacia) pe- duncles crowded, 1-flowered; leaves oval, shining, toothletted ; teeth somewhat glandular. Tj . S. Native of Guinea. Ton- sella Africana, Willd. spec. 1. p. 194. African Calypso. Shrub 5 feet. 3 C. SENEGALE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 570. under Salacia,) peduncles crowded, 1-flowered, rising from an axillary tubercle ; leaves oblong, acuminated, smooth, shining, serrated ; branches scabrous. Tj . S. Native of Senegal. Hippocratea Senegalensis, Lam. ill. p. 101. H. verticillata a, Pers. ench. 1. p. 40. Tonsella Senegalensis, Vahl. enum. 2. p. 31. Fruit eatable, very sweet. Senegal Calypso. Shrub 5 feet. 4 C. PYRIFORMIS ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, aggregate; leaves oblong, slightly toothed ; fruit large, pear-shaped, 3- celled, 3-seeded. Jj . S. Native of Sierra Leone on the moun- tains, Flowers small, greenish-yellow. The fruit is about the size of a Bergamot pear, obscurely 3-sided, with a very sweet taste, and is eaten by the inhabitants of Sierra Leone. Tonsella pyriformis, Hort. trans, vol. 5. p. 459. Pear- shaped Calypso. Fl. Feb. Mar. Clt.1822. Sh. 5 ft. 5 C. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 570. under Sa- lacia ;) peduncles crowded, 1-flowered, rising from an axillary tubercle ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, almost entire, acuminated, even, shining ; petals linear, f? . S. Native of Madagascar. Hippocratea Madagascariensis, Lam. ill. 1. p. 101. Hippocratea verticillata /3, Pers. ench. 1. p. 40. Tonsella Madagascariensis, Vahl. enum. p. 29. Madagascar Calypso. Shrub 6 feet. 6 C. SALACIOIDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 111.) peduncles usually in threes, 1-flowered, rising from an axillary tubercle ; leaves oval-oblong, slightly and bluntly toothed, veiny ; petals ovate. \i . S. Native of Madagascar. Calypso, Pet. Th. veg. afr. 1. p. 29. t. 6. Salacia Calypso, D. C. prod. 1. p. 571. Berry globose, mucronate. Seeds albuminose (Pet. Th.). Salacia-like Calypso. Shrub 5 feet. 7 C. DE'BILIS ; branches weak ; leaves ovate, acuminated, serrated ; flowers in clusters in the axils of the leaves ; pedicels 1-flowered. Tj . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Weak-branched Calypso. Shrub cl. 8 C. ERE'CTA ; branches erect ; leaves oval-lanceolate, acu- minated, obtuse, serrated, smooth ; flowers axillary, nearly ses- sile ; fruit ovate, acuminated. Tj • S. Native of Sierra Leone. Erect Calypso. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. These shrubs will thrive well in a mixture of loam and sand, and ripened cuttings will strike root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. V. JO'HNIA (in honour of the Rev. Dr. John, a missionary, once resident in Tranquebar, who has sent many curious plants to Roxburgh). Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 172. D. C. prod. 1. p. 571. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Tridndria. Anthers 3, sessile, on the top of the urceolus. Fruit baccate ; younger ones 3-celled ; ovulae peltate, 1 or 2 in each cell ; adult fruit few-seeded. — Little trees, with 1-flowered, axillary peduncles. 1 J. SALACIOIDES (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 172.) leaves broad- lanceolate, entire ; calyx 5-parted ; petals 5, sessile. T? . S. Na- tive of Chittagong. Flowers small, orange-coloured. Fruit dull-red, 2-3-seeded. The pulp of the fruit is white and is eaten by the natives. Salacia-like Johnia. Clt. 1822. Shrub 10 feet. 2 J. COROMANDELIA'NA (Roxb. 1. c.) leaves serrulated ; calyx 5-toothed ; petals 5, unguiculate. Tj. w. S. Native of Coroman- del on wooded mountains. Flowers small, greenish-yellow. Berry 1 -seeded, about the size of a small cherry, as well as shape. Coromandel Johnia. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. Cult. Johnia is a genus of very pretty little trees. The fruit of both species is eatable. They will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will strike root in sand, under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. + Hippocrateacece spurice. Stamens 5 or more, but never ex- ceeding 12. VI. TRIGONIA (from rptie, treis, three, and ywvia, gonia, an angle ; the fruit is 3-angled, 3-celled, and 3-valved). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 390. D. C. prod. 1. p. 571. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Decdndria. Calyx 5-parted, un- equal, permanent. Petals 5, broadat the base, unequal ; upper one arched, gibbous and concave ; 2 lateral ones small, wing-shaped ; 2 lower ones connected into the form of a keel. Stamens 10-12, some of them sterile, and irregularly connected into a tube at the base, which is cleft in front. Anthers fixed by the back, 2- celled, bursting lengthwise. Glands 2-4, opposite the superior petal, situated at the base of the ovary. Ovary trigonal, 3-celled ; cells containing many ovulas. Style 1, crowned by a 3-lobed stigma. Capsule trigonal, 3-valved, 3-celled ; valves woolly on the inside and constituting dissepiments. Seeds numerous, woolly, fixed to the axis. Albumen fleshy. — Sarmentose or climbing shrubs, with opposite, entire, bistipulate leaves, and racemosely- panicled flowers, either axillary or terminal. 1 T. SERI'CEA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 141.) leaves obovate, clothed beneath with silky or silvery down. Tj . ^. S. Native on the Andes about Quindiu. Silky-leaved Trigonia. Shrub cl. 630 HIPPOCRATEACE.E. VI. TRIGONIA. VII. LACEPEDEA. ERYTHROXYLEJE. I. ERYTHROXYLON. 2 T. NI'VEA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 113.) leaves oblong, nar- rowed both at top and bottom, acute, and short-acuminated, smooth above, but white and tomentose beneath ; capsule elon- gated, much wrinkled, covered with rufescent tomentum on the outside, but with silky tomentum within. Tj • S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. JFAtte-leaved Trigonia. Fl. Dec. Shrub 4 feet. 3 T. PUBE'SCENS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 114.) leaves elliptic- obovate, short-acuminated, smoothish above, pubescently tomen- tose beneath ; capsule elongated, rufescently-tomentose outside, but silky-tomentose inside. ^ . w. S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of Minas Geraes and Rio Janeiro. Flowers whitish-green. Pubescent Trigonia. Fl. Dec. Shrub cl. 4 T. VILLOSA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 390. t. 347. Lam. illus. t. 347.) leaves ovate, acute, quite entire, covered with cinereous down beneath, netted with nerves and nervelets. Jj . l"\ S. Native of Cayenne. Flowers with the upper and lateral petals yellow and the lower one red. Var. a, obtusata (D. C. prod. 1. p. 571.) leaves elliptical- obovate, blunt at both ends. far. ft, cuneata (D. C. 1. c.) leaves obovate, cuneated at the base. Var. y, oblonga (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends. Villous Trigonia. Clt. ? Shrub cl. 5 T. MO'LLIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 571.) leaves elliptical, acu- minated, tapering to the base, clothed with villous pubescence above, but cinereous beneath from villi, not netted with nerves. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellowish-white. Soft-\ea\ed Trigonia. Shrub rambling. 6 T. CE'PO (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 115.) leaves obovate-ellip- tic, narrowed at the base, mucronulate, puberulous above, soft tomentose beneath. "j . w. S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro, where it is called Cepo de Caboco. Flowers racemose in the axils of the upper leaves, smelling like the hawthorn, greenish. This is perhaps the same as T. mollis. Cepo Trigonia. Fl. Nov. Shrub cl. 7 T. CROTONOIDES (St. Hil. bras. 2. p. 115. t. 105.) leaves ovate-oblong, acute, or acuminated, smoothish above, but pube- rulous or tomentose beneath ; capsule roundish, 3-lobed. J? . w. S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Croton eriospermurn, Lam. diet. 2, p. 211. Flowers yellow, racemose. Var.fi, incana (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 116.) leaves ovate, acumin- ated, pubescent above, and hoary-tomentose beneath. Near Rio Janeiro. Var. y, oblongifolia (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acumin- ated, smoothish above, puberulous beneath ; flowers greenish- rufescent. In the province of Minas Geraes. Croton-like Trigonia. Fl. Jan. Shrub cl. 8 T. L^VIS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 390. t. 150. Vahl. eel. 2.) leaves ovate, acuminate, smooth on both surfaces and shining. I? . w. S. Native of Guiana. Flowers white. Smooth Trigonia. Shrub cl. Cult. These shrubs are hardly worth cultivating, except in general collections. They will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will strike root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. ^ VII. LACEPE'DEA (in honour of Bernard Germain Stephen Count de La Cepede, professor of zoology in the museum of natural history at Paris). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 142. t. 444. D. C. prod. 1. p. 571. Triceraja, Willd. in Rcem. et Schult, syst. 4. p. 803. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, un- equal. Petals 5, with very short claws. Stamens 5, with un- connected filaments ; anthers 2-celled, bursting lengthwise. Ovary 3-celled, each cell containing 8-ovulae. Style 3-furrowed, and at length dividing into 3 parts. Berry 6-9-seeded, 3- pointed from the permanent styles — A tree with serrulated leaves and terminal panicles of white, sweet-scented flowers. It is nearly allied to Trigonia. 1 L. INSI'GNIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.). T? . S. Native of Mexico near Xalapa. Triceraja tinifolia, Willd. 1. c. Triceras Xalapensis, Spreng. Shemy Lacepedea. Tree 20 feet. Cult. This fine tree will probably thrive well in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. ORDER XLIV. ERYTHROXY'LE^E. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 175. Sepals 5 (f. 106.), permanent, concrete at the base. Petal 5, hypogynous, broadest at the base, furnished each with a scale on the inside, with the margins incumbent before expansion. Stamens 10 (f. 106. c.), filaments concrete into an urceolus at the base (f. 106. c.). Anthers versatile, erect, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise at the sides. Ovary 1-celled, con- taining a solitary, pendulous ovula, or 3-celled, the lateral cells empty. Styles 3, (f. 106. d.), distinct, crowned each by a capi- tate stigma (f. 106. d.} or connected almost to the apex. Drupe 1 -seeded (f. 106. f.); seeds angular. Albumen fleshy or want- ing. Embryo linear, straight, central. Cotyledons linear, flat, leafy. Radicle superior, straight, terete, pointing towards the hylum, with an inconspicuous plumule. — Trees and shrubs with the younger branches compressed, and usually covered with im- bricate scales (f. 106.). Stipulas axillary, concave. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, quite entire, smooth in most parts of the species and perhaps in all. Pedicels angular, gradually thickened. Flowers solitary, twin, or in fascicles, rising from axils of stipulaceous scales, small, white, or yellowish-green. This order has been separated by Kunth from Malpighiaceee, on account of the petals being appendiculate, from the seeds being albuminous, and in the fruit being 1-celled from abortion, as well as from its peculiar habit. It differs from all the neigh- bouring orders in the appendiculate petals. From Marcgravia- cece, Guttiferce, &c. in the leaves being stipulate. Synopsis of the Genera. 1 ERYTHRO'XYLON. Calyx 5-parted, 5-angled at the base. Styles 3, distinct. 2 SE'THIA. Calyx 5-lobed. Styles 3, but joined together in one. Stigmas distinct. I. ERYTHRO'XYLON (from «pv0poE, erythros, red, and £,v\ov, xylon, wood ; the wood of the trees is not red, as the name would imply, but the juice of the fruit is red). Lin. gen. no. 575. Cav. diss. 8. p. 399. Lam. ill. t. 383. H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. D. C. prod. 1. p. 573. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Dec&ndria. Calyx 5-parted, 5- angled at the very base. Styles 3 (f. 106. d.), unconnected to the base, not joined as in Sethia. § 1. Penninervia (from penna, a feather, and nervus, a nerve or sinew ; the nerves of the leaves are disposed in the man- ner of the feathers of a pen). Leaves feather-nerved ((. 106. g.), nith the nerves small, conniving at the apex. ERYTHROXYLE&:. I. ERYTHROXYLON. 631 * Pedicels solitary. 1 E. HYPERICIFOLIUM (Lam. diet. 2. p. 394.) leaves obovate, usually emarginate ; pedicels 3-times longer than the flower ; fruit 3-celled. Tj . S. Native of the Mauritius, where it is called Bois d'huile and Bols de Dames. Venelia, Conim. herb. — Cav. diss. 8. p. 400. t. 230. Leaves like those of Spirea hy- pericifblia, rather membranaceous and pale beneath. Hypericum-leavedned-wood. Clt. 1818. Tree 12 feet. 2 E. BRE'VIPES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 573.) leaves obovate, usually emarginate ; pedicels lateral, hardly longer than the flowers; fruit 1 -celled. Tj . S. Native of the islands of Porto- Rico and St. Domingo on rocks by "the sea-side. Very like the preceding species, but differs in the leaves being coriaceous, 5 or 6 lines long, and in the pedicels being 4 times shorter than the leaves. Short •pedicelled-&o'mered Red- wood. Tree 20 feet. 3 E. BDXIFOIJUM (Lam. diet. 2. p. 394.) leaves lanceolate- obovate, obtuse, somewhat mucronate, with the middle nerve elevated ; pedicels twice the length of the flower ; fruit 1- celled. fy . S. Native of Madagascar, and probably of the Mauritius. Cav. diss. 8. p. 403. t. 231. f. 1. Box-leaved Red- wood. Shrub 6 feet. 4 E. FERRUGI'NEUM (Cav. diss. 8. p. 404. t. 231. f. 2.) leaves ovate, usually emarginate, shining above, somewhat rusty beneath ; scales imbricate ; pedicels scarcely longer than the flower. Tj . S. Native of Madagascar. E. buxifolium /3, Lam. diet. 2. p. 394. Rusty-leaved Red-wood. Shrub 8 feet. 5 E. LU'CIDUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 178.) leaves elliptical, somewhat acuminated, acutish at the base, co- riaceous, smooth, shining ; stipulas longer than the petiole ; pedicels twin, axillary, and terminal ? shorter than the bracteas. fj . S. Native of New Granada between La Mesa and Honda. Shining-leaved Red-wood. Shrub 6 feet. 6 E. PELLETERIA'NUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 100. t. 102.) leaves oblong, acute at the base, but obtuse and emarginate at the apex, rusty beneath ; stipulas elongated, triangular ; branches floriferous at the base ; flowers solitary or twin from the axils of the scales. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, where it is called Fruta da Pomba. Pilletier's Red-wood. Fl. Jan. Shrub 10 to 12 feet. * * Pedicels in twos, threes, or fours, never solitary. 7 E. LiGUSTRi1 NUM (D. C. prod. l.p. 574.) leaves elliptical- oblong, tapering to both ends ; pedicels 1-4, almost twice as long as the flowers ; styles longer than the stamens, fy . S. Native of Cayenne. Flowers larger in this than any other species, about 2-3 lines in diameter. Petals oblong-linear, acutish. Leaves an inch -and a half long and 6 or 8 lines broad. Privet-like Red-wood. Shrub 6 feet. 8 E. HONDE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 176.) leaves elliptical-obovate, retuse at the apex, obsoletely mucro- nate, acute at the base, membranous, smooth, glaucescent be- neath; stipulas equal in length with the petiole; pedicels 1-2 or more, a little longer than the petioles. T? . S. Native of New Granada in dry places near Honda. Honda Red-wood. Shrub 6 feet. 9 E. OVA'TUM (Cav. diss. 8. p. 404. t. 233.) leaves ovate, obtuse, mucronate, somewhat membranaceous ; pedicels in threes, twice as long as the flower ; scales imbricate. Tj . S. Native of Guadaloupe, where the French call it Vinette I'herminier. Owate-leaved Red-wood. Tree. 10 E. CUMANE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 8. p. 404.) leaves obovate-oblong, roundish at the apex, but narrowed at the base and blunt, membranaceous, smooth ; stipulas equal in length with the petiole; pedicels 1-4, axillary, 3-times longer than the petiole. ^ . S. Native in dry shady places near Cumana. Cumana Red-wood. Tree 15 feet. 11 E. HAVANE'NSE (Jacq. amer. 135. t. 87. f. 2.) leaves oval, tapering to both ends, rather coriaceous ; pedicels usually twin, scarcely longer than the flower ; branches compressed. Jj . S. Native of Cuba about Havannah on rocks near the sea-coast. Steudelia Brasiliensis, Nees. Flowers yellowish-green. Havannah Red-wood. Clt. 1832. Shrub 3 feet. 12 E. ORINOCE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 176. t. 453.) leaves elliptical-oblong, emarginate at the apex, ovate at the base, stiff) smooth, shining ; stipulas length of pe- tiole ; pedicels 2-3, axillary and terminal ? twice as long as the petiole. T? . S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco near St. Borja. This is scarcely distinct from E. ovation. Orinoco Red-wood. Tree 15 to 20 feet. 13 E. SIDEROXYLOIDES (Lam. diet. 2. p. 393.) leaves obovate- oblong, bluntish, shining ; pedicels 2-3, about twice the length of the leaves ; scales acute ; branchlets compressed. Tj . S. Na- tive of the island of Bourbon. Cav. diss. 8. p. 401. t. 228. Leaves almost like a species of Laurus, 2-3 inches long, 3-9 lines broad. Sideroxylon-liJce Red-wood. Tree 20 feet. 14 E. LONGIFOLIUM (Lam. diet. 2. p. 392.) leaves oblong, shining, thickish ; scales acute, deciduous ; pedicels twin, twice as long as the flower. Ij . S. Native of the islands of Madagascar and Bourbon. Cav. diss. 8. p. 399. t. 225. Leaves 2 or 3 inches long and 4 or 5 lines broad. Flowers white. Long-leaved Red- wood. Tree 16 feet. 15 E. OBTI/SUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 474.) leaves obovate-oblong, rounded at the top, cuneated at the base, membranous, smooth, rather glaucous beneath ; stipulas shorter than the petiole ; pedi- cels axillary, in fascicles 1 twice as long as petiole. Jj . S. Na- tive of Cuba near Havannah. E. Havanense, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 1 77. Very near E. Hondense. Blunt-leaved Red-wood. Shrub 8 feet. 16 E. POPAYANE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 177.) leaves elliptical, acute, somewhat mucronate, acute at the base, membranous, smooth ; stipulas awl-shaped, bifid, shorter than the petiole ; pedicels axillary, in fascicles, about equal in length with the petiole. Tj . S. Native of temperate places near Popayan. Popayan Red-wood. Shrub 8 feet. 17 E. COTINIFOLIUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 98.) leaves obo- vate, acute at the base, but very blunt at the apex, and emar- ginate ; flowers rising along the branches in few-flowered fascicles from the scales ; stipulas triangular. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Cotinus-leaved Red-wood. Fl. April. Shrub 2 feet. 18 E. FRANGULJEFOUUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 99.) leaves ovate or lanceolate, acuminated ; flowers solitary or tern, in the axils of the scales ; stipulas 1-3-awned ; stamens shorter than the pistil, fj . S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Frangula- leaved Red-wood. Fl. Sept. Shrub. 19 E. SUBROTU'NDUM (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves roundish-obovate, very obtuse ; flowers axillary, solitary, or few ; stipulas 2-awned ; stamens nearly twice the length of the pistil. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro, where it is called Fruta da Pomba. Roundish-leaved Red-wood. Fl. Sept. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. * Pedicels many, aggregate. 20 E. RUVFUM (Cav. diss. 8. p. 404. t. 232.) leaves ovate, blunt, coriaceous, brown beneath ; scales imbricate ; pedicels 632 ERYTHROXYLE^E. I. ERYTHUOXYLON. many, axillary, twice as long as the flower, fy . S. Native of St. Domingo. .Ru/CMS-flowered Red-wood. Shrub. 21 E. MACROFHY'LLUM (Cav. diss. 8. p. 401. t. 227.) leaves lanceolate, very long, tapering to both ends, rather glaucous be- neath ; scales elongated, stem-clasping, acuminated ; pedicels axillary, aggregate ; fruit 3-celled. ^ . S. Native of Cayenne. — Vahl. eel. 2. p. 33. The leaves of this species are larger than any other ; they are about 6 inches long, and about 2 in breadth. Long-leaved Red-wood. Shrub. 22 E. sauAMMATUM (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 60. t. 63.) leaves ellip- tical-lanceolate, bluntly acuminated ; branches compressed, with distich scales and flowers ; fruit somewhat hexagonal, 1 -celled, fj . S. Native of Cayenne and French Guiana, as well as the Caribbee Islands. Svvartz, fl. ind. occ. 861. This species is easily distinguished from the numerous, short, permanent, dis- tich scales on the branches. Scaly Red-wood. Tree. 23 E. LAURIFOLIUM (Lam. diet. 2. p. 394. Cav. diss. 8. p. 400. t. 226.) leaves lanceolate ; scales acute, concave ; pedicels glomerated, terminal, somewhat umbellate, 3 times longer than the flowers. Tj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Roelana lauri- fdlia, Comm. It is called by the French in the Mauritius Bois de Ronde or Bois de Rongle. Flowers greenish-yellow. Laurel-leaved Red-wood. Clt. 1823. Tree 20 feet. 24 E. NI'TIDUM (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 390.) leaves obovate, ob- tuse, quite entire, very smooth, shining ; peduncles axillary, aggregate, equal in length with the flowers. Jj . S. Native of Brazil. Nitid-\ea\ed Red-wood. Shrub 6 feet. 25 E. SUBCORDA'TUM (Bert, in herb. Balb. D. C. prod. 1. p. 575.) leaves ovate-rounded, rather cordate, somewhat emargi- nate, coriaceous, smooth, netted with nerves. ^ • S. Native of St. Domingo. Pedicels 4-5-together. Leaves feather-nerved, 4 or 5 lines long and broad. Subcordate-\eaved Red-wood. Tree. 26 E. KUNTHIA'NUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 96.) leaves ellip- tic-lanceolate, short-acuminated ; stipulas 1-3-awned ; flowers in fascicles, few or many-flowered ; stamens shorter than the pistil. i? . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. Var. ft ; leaves blunter ; flowers larger ; calyx equal in length to the corolla. In the province of Minas Novas. Kunth's Red-wood. Fl. May. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 27 E. AFFINE (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 97.) leaves ovate-lan- ceolate, acuminated at the apex ; fascicles few-flowered ; stamens longer than the pistil. Jj . S. Native of Brazil in the pro- vince of Rio Janeiro. Very like the preceding, but the leaves are smaller. Allied Red-wood. Fl. Sept. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 28 E. NA'NUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 97.) leaves obovate- oblong, very blunt ; flowers in axillary fascicles ; stamens shorter than the pistil ; stipulas triangular. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Dwarf Red- wood. Fl. March. Shrub \ foot. 29 E. CAMPE'STRE (St. Hil. 1. c.) stem nearly simple, suffruti- cose ; leaves elliptic, very blunt, coriaceous ; stipulas entire or bifid ; flowers in fascicles ; fascicles usually branched, short ; stamens shorter than the pistil. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Field Red-wood. Fl. Sept. Shrub 2 feet. SO E. CITRIFOLIUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 94.) leaves lanceo- late-oblong, acuminated ; flowers in fascicles from the axils of the leaves and scales ; stipulas bifid ; stamens longer than the pistil, tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of^Goyaz. Citron-leaved Red-wood. Fl. July. Shrub 4 feet. 31 E. PU'LCHRUM (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves oblong; flowers axil- lary, in fascicles ; stipulas 3-awned at the apex ; stamens 2-3 times longer than the pistil. J? . S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Neat Red-wood. Fl. Oct. Shrub. 32 E. SUBEROSUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 95.) stem arboreous, covered with corky bark ; leaves elliptical, coriaceous ; flowers in fascicles ; stamens longer than the pistil. Tj • S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, where it is called Gal- linha choco and Mercurio do campo, and where the inhabitants make a red tincture from the bark. Corky-barked Red-wood. Tree. 33 E. DECI'DUUM (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, acute at the base ; stipulas somewhat triangular, acutish ; flowers in fascicles ; stamens longer than the pistil. Jj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. A small, twisted tree. Deciduous Red-wood. Fl. Sept. Tree 15 feet. § 2. Areolata. Leaves areolate, especially two veins, almost parallel with the middle nerve, besides being in every part of the disk marked with feathery veins (f. 106.). 34 E. AREOLA'TUM (Lin. amoen. 5. p. 397.) leaves elliptical, obovate, areolate, mucronate, glaucous beneath ; pedicels lateral, many, aggregate, twice as long as the flower. ^ . S. Native of South America about Carthagena, and of the West Indies. E. Carthagenense, Jacq. amer. 134. t. 187. f. 1. — Browne, jam. p. 128. t. 38. f. 2. The timber is flesh-coloured, and is considered excellent for the size of the tree. The flowers are white, with a scent not unlike that of the jonquil. Areolate-lea\ed Red- wood. Tree 12 feet. 35 E. MEXICA'NUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 1 78.) leaves obovate-oblong, rounded at the apex, and usually re- tuse, acutish at the base, somewhat coriaceous, smooth, with 2 lines beneath ; stipulas equal in length with the petiole ; pedicels axillary, solitary, hardly longer than the petioles. Jj . S. Native of Mexico near Chilpacingo. Mexican Red-wood. Tree 12 feet. 36 E. UNEOLA'TUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 575.) leaves elliptical, rather mucronulate, membranaceous, areolate, somewhat glau- cous beneath ; pedicels lateral, 2-3-together, a little longer than the flower ; fruit oblong, rather trigonal. Tj . S. Native of Cayenne. Cav. diss. 8. p. 404. in a note, under no. 555. t. 232. f. 10. Leaves 2 inches long, and almost an inch broad, with the middle nerve not very prominent. Flowers greenish-yellow. Lined-leaved Red-wood. Tree 20 feet. 37 E. COCA (Lam. diet. 2. p. 393.) leaves ovate, areolate, mem- branaceous ; branches scaly ; pedi- cels lateral, 2-3-together, hardly longer than the flower ; fruit ovate, rather acute. " ^ . S. Native of Peru. Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t, 398. The leaves of this shrub are mixed and masticated with Quinoa, which see. Flowers greenish- yellow. It is called Coca in Peru (f. 106.) Coca Red- wood. Tree 20 feet. 38 E. RIGI'DULUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 575.) leaves elliptical, blunt, somewhat cuneated at the base, stiff, areolate, pale beneath ; branches scaly ; pedicels aggre- gate ; stamens longer than the calyx. Tj . S. Native of St. Martha. This species comes very near to E. Coca, but differs in the leaves being stiff, not FIG. 106. ERYTHROXYLEjE. II. SETHIA. MALPIGHIACE^E. 633 soft, and in the pedicels and stamens being longer, and the styles shorter. Leaves an inch long. Flowers yellowish-green. Stiff-leaved Red- wood. Tree 12 feet. Cult. These trees and shrubs are hardly worth cultivating, except in general collections. They will thrive well in a mix- ture of loam and peat, and cuttings not too ripe will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. II. SETHIA (in honour of S. Sethi, author of a work on culinary vegetables). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 175. in a note. D. C. prod. 1. p. 576. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Decdndria. Calyx 5-lobed, and 5-parted. Styles 3, connected together, but with the stigmas distinct at the apex. 1 S. I'NDICA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 576.) leaves obtuse, feather- nerved, obovate-lanceolate ; pedicels solitary, hardly longer than the flower ; styles connate to the middle ; calyx 5-lobed. 1? . S. Native of the East Indies on the Circars. Erythroxylon monogynum, Roxb. cor. 1. t. 88. Petals yellow, with white claws. Indian Sethia. FL June, July. Clt. 1824. Tree 20 feet. 2 S. MICROPHY'ILA ; leaves small, numerous, feather-nerved, obovate-oblong, obtuse, mucronulate ; flowers few, axillary ; styles connate at the base; calyx 5-parted. 1? . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Erythr6xylon micro- phyllum, St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 101. Var. fi ; leaves obovate-roundish, a little larger than those of the species, and rather emarginate. In the province of Minas Geraes. Small-leaved Sethia. Fl. Nov. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 3 S. MAGNOLLEFOLIA ; leaves large, obovate-elliptic, very blunt at the apex, acute at the base, glaucous beneath ; flowers small, glomerate ; calyx obovate, 5-cleft ; stamens a little shorter or equal in length to the pistil ; styles connate nearly to the apex. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. Erythroxylon magnoliaefolium, St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 93. Magnolia-leaved Sethia. Fl. May. Shrub 3 feet. Cult. The species will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and cuttings not too ripe will root in sand under a bell- glass, in a moist heat. ORDER XLV. MALPIGHIA'CE^E (plants agreeing with Malpighia in important characters). Juss. gen. 252. ann. du. mus. 18. p. 479. D. C. prod. 1. p. 577. Calyx 5-parted (f. 107. a. f. 109. a.), usually permanent. Petals 5 (f. 107. b. f. 109. &,), alternating with the lobes of the calyx, and inserted in the hypogynous disk, unguiculate (f. 107. b. f. 109. &.), sometimes unequal, but very seldom wanting. Stamens 10 (f. 107. c. f. 108. e.), alternating with the petals, and inserted with them, very rarely fewer. Filaments very rarely free, but usually connected together at the very base (f. 107. c.). An- thers roundish (f. 107. c. f. 108. e.). Ovary usually 3-lobed (f. 107. e.\ constantly of 3 carpels, which are more or less joined together (f. 109. d.). Styles always 3 (f. 107. d. f. 109. d.), distinct or connected together. Fruit of 2-3 carpels (f. 107. e. f. 108. e. f. 109.y.)or of 3 cells, but sometimes with only 1 or 2 cells from abortion, dry (f. 108. e. f. 109./.) or baccate (f. 107. e.), with 1-seeded cells (f. 108./.). Seeds pendulous in the cells, perhaps always without albumen. Embryo more or less curved or straight, with a short radicle, and leafy or fleshy cotyledons. — Shrubs and trees. Branches sometimes climbing. Leaves opposite, but in the genus Anomalopleru they are alternate, VOL. i. — PART. vn. always simple, without dots, and usually stipulate on both sides. Flowers racemose or corymbose, rarely axillary, so- litary ; pedicels usually jointed, and furnished with 2 small scales at the middle — Probably Passiflora pdl/ida of Lour. fl. coch. p. 527. exclusive of the synonyme, is referable to this order. The petals being unguiculate and undulated separates this from all the neighbouring orders. The timber of all is of a deep-red colour, and the bark is febrifuge. Their shewy pink or yellow flowers and neat foliage render all the order worthy of cultivation. Synopsis of the genera. TRIBE I. MALPIGHIE\K. Styles 3, distinct (f. 107. d.} or joined in one. Fruit fleshy indehiscent (f. 107. e.) Leaves opposite. 1 MALPI'GHIA. Calyx furnished with 8-10 glands on the outside at the base. Petals unguiculate (f. 107. 6.). Stamens monadelphous at the base (f. 107. c.). Styles distinct (f. 107. d.~). Drupe containing 3 1-seeded nuts (f. 107. e.). 2 BYRSO'NIMA. Calyx furnished with 8-10 large glands on the outside at the base. Petals unguiculate. Stamens 10, con- nected at the very base. Styles distinct. Drupe containing a 3- celled, 3-seeded nucleus. 3 BUNCHOSIA. Calyx furnished with 8-10 large glands on the outside at the base. Petals unguiculate. Stamens. 10, mo- nadelphous at the base. Style 1, simple, bifid or trifid at the apex. Drupe containing 2-3 1-seeded nuts. 4 GALPHI'MIA. Calyx glandless. Petals unguiculate. Sta- mens 10, nearly free. Styles 3. Drupe containing 3 1-seeded nuts, which open on the back. 5 CAUCA'NTHUS. Calyx glandless. Petals unguiculate. Sta- mens 1 0, awl-shaped. Anthers with a prominent margin. Styles 3, awl-shaped. Fruit unknown. TRIBE II. HIPTA'GEJE. Style one or concrete into one. Carpels of fruit dry (f. 108. e.), indehiscent, 1-seeded (f. 108. f.), usually winged (f. 108. e.~). Leaves opposite or Verticillate. 6 HI'PTAGE. Calyx furnished -with 5 glands at the base. Petals fringed (f. 108. b.). Stamens 1 0 (f. 108. e.), one of which is longer than the rest. Carpels 3 (f. 108. e.) or from abortion only 1-2, 4 -winged ; wings unequal (f. 108. e.~). 7 TRISTELLATE'IA. Petals inflexed, unguiculate. Stamens 10, 5 alternate ones smaller. Ovary impressed by 3 pores. Carpels 3, crowned by 6 appendages. 8 THRYA'LLIS. Petals roundish, unguiculate. Stamens 10, awl-shaped. Capsule triquetrous, separable into 3 parts ; cells opening by the outer angle. 9 ASPICA'RPA. Petals wanting. Stamen 1, inclosed within the calyx. Ovary roundish, 2-celled, cleft at the apex, with a very short style in the fissure. Fruit indehiscent, 1-celled, con- taining 1 orbicular seed. 10 GAUDICHAU'DIA. Calyx girded by 8-10 glands on the out- side at the base. Petals roundish, unguiculate. Stamens 5, connate, unequal. Style 1. Carpels 3, free or connected at 4M 634. MALPIGHIACE^E. I. MALPIGHIA. the base, 1 -seeded. Samarae 2, drawn out into a spur-like mem- brane at the base, winged on the back. 11 CAMA'REA. Calyx girded by 10 glands at the base, each lobe having 2. Stamens 6, 3 fertile, with the filaments con- nected to the apex, the other 3 hardly connected, middle one of these fertile, the lateral ones sterile. Style 1. Carpels 3 or only 2 from abortion, rather connate, 1 -seeded, indehiscent, crested on the back, and wrinkled on the sides. TRIBE III. BANISTERIE'JE. Styles 3 (f. 109. rf.), distinct. Carpels of fruit dry, indehiscent, l-seeded (f. 108./.), variously expanded into wings (f. 108. d.). Leaves opposite, rarely verticillate or alternate. 12 HIRS'A. Calyx of 5 sepals, glandless, or furnished with glands. Petals roundish, unguiculate. Stamens 1 0, awl-shaped, connected at the very base, alternate ones longest. Styles 3. Carpels 3, samara- formed, rarely 2, l-seeded, crested on the back, and surrounded by a membranous wing. 13 TRIO'PTERIS. Calyx furnished with 10 glands on the out- side. Petals roundish, unguiculate. Stamens 10, awl-shaped, cohering at the very base, alternate ones largest. Styles 3. Car- pels 3, l-seeded, connected at the base, expanded into 3 wings, 2 superior and 1 inferior. 14 VARGA'SIA. Calyx glandless. Petals nearly sessile. Sta- mens 10, connected at the base. Styles joined at the base, but re volute at the top. Samarse 3, winged at the apex. Leaves verticillate. 15 TETRA'PTERIS. All as in Triopteris, except that the car- pels are expanded into 4 wings, 2 superior and 2 inferior smaller. 1C BANISTE' RIA.- -Calyx girded by 8 or 10 glands. Petals roundish, unguiculate (f. 109. J.). Stamens 10, awl-shaped, co- hering at the base (f. 109. c.). Styles 3, usually expanded into leaves at the apex (f. 109. d.). Carpels 3 (f. 109./.), indehiscent, l-seeded, nearly distinct, ending in a simple, membranous wing, which is thickened on the upper side (f. 109. d.). 17 HETERO'PTERIS. All as in Banisteria, but the styles are less dilated at the apex, and the wing of the carpels is thick- ened on the lower side, as in Acer, not on the upper, as in Ba- nisteria. 18 ANOMALO'PTERIS. Calyx 5-parted. Petals roundish, fringed, unguiculate. Samarse 2, l-seeded, ending in a wing. This genus differs from all the rest in the leaves being alternate. 19 NIO'TA. Calyx 4-5-parted, 2 external lobes glandular. Petals 4-5, obtuse. Stamens 8-10, free, furnished with scales at the base. Ovary turbinate, 4-5-lobed above. Style 1, filiform, between the lobes of the ovary. Capsules 4-5, or from abortion only 1-3, compressed, 1 -celled, l-seeded. Tribe I. MALPIGHIE'^ (plants agreeing with Malpighia in having fleshy fruit). DC. prod. 1. p. 577,-Malpighia, Lin. gen. no. 572. Styles 3, distinct (f. 107. d.) or joined in one. Fruit fleshy, mdeluscent (f. 107. e.). Leaves opposite. I. MALPI'GHIA (in honour of Marcello Malpighi.an Italian naturalist, once professor of medicine at Pisa. We have from him many curious observations on natural history, but he is most distinguished by a treatise on the anatomy of plants, pub- lished in 1675 ; he died in 1094.) Rich, in Juss. ann. mus. 18. p. 480. D.C. prod. 1. p. 577. LIN. srsT. Monade/phia, Dectindria. Calyx 5-parted, fur- nished with 8 or 1 0 glands at the base on the outside. Petals un- guiculate (f. 107. 6.). Stamens 10, with the filaments monadel- phous to a short way at the base (f. 107. c.). Styles 3, distinct (f. 107. d.). Drupe (f. 107. e.), containing 3 l-seeded nuts. Peduncles axillary 1 -flowered, or bearing umbellate pedicels. — Trees or shrubs, never climbing. Fruit of all eatable, but M. glabra and wens only are in common use. SECT. I. URE'NTES (from urens, stinging, burning ; the leaves are beset with stinging bristles, which adhere to the hand when touched). D. C. prod. 1. p. 577. Bristles, especially those on the leaves, fixed by their centre, horizontal, stiff, pungent at both ends, when touched adhering to the hands. 1 M. FCCA'TA (Ker, bot. reg. t. 189.) branches smooth ; leaves elliptical, shining, clothed with decumbent bristles beneath, but nakedish above ; pedicels axillary, umbellately corymbose, 4 times shorter than the leaves, upper petal rather larger than the rest, all with jagged margins. T? . S. Native of the West In- dies? M. macrophylla, Desf. cat. 166. but not of Juss. Flowers pale-pink. Leaves 4 inches in length. Painted Barbadoes Cherry. Fl. Mar. Aug. Clt. 1814. Sh. 8 ft. 2 M. U'RENS (Lin. spec. 6019.) branches smooth ; leaves ob- long-ovate, clothed with decumbent bristles beneath, smooth above; peduncles 1-flowered, aggregate, one-half shorter than the leaves; petals equal. Jj . S. Native of South Ame- rica. Mill. ill. t. 181. f. 1. Cav. diss. t. 235. f. 1. Lam. ill. t. 381. f. 1. Flowers pink or pale-purple. It is called by the French Bois de Capitain, and by the English in the West Indies Cowhage Cherry. The fruit is insipid, and is only eaten by children and negroes. — Ker. bot. reg. 94. Stinging Barbadoes Cherry. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1737. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 3 M. GNI'D^E (Spreng. neu. entd. 3. p. 51.) branches hairy ; leaves elliptical-oblong, acute, hairy above, beset with stinging decumbent bristles beneath, and on the margin ; peduncles 1- flowered, aggregate, one-half shorter than the leaves, fj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Flowers pink. Gnida's Barbadoes Cherry. Shrub 6 feet. 4 M. SETOSA (Bert. ined. in Spreng. neu. entd. 3. p. 50.) branches smooth ; leaves elliptical-oblong, obtuse, beset with decumbent, stinging bristles beneath, smooth above ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, almost the length of the leaves, furnished with 2 scales just above their middle. Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo and Martinique. M. Martinic£nsis, Jacq. amer. 1 36. Flowers pink. Jacquin and two of his companions ate a great quantity of the fruit of this tree, being very thirsty with travel- ling in the heat in Martinico, without suffering from them in any degree. It is the most prurient of all the species. Bristly Barbadoes Cherry. Tree 14 feet. 5 M. CUBE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 145.) branches rather hairy ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, rather mucro- nate, rounded at the base, quite entire, smooth and shining above, but beset with stinging, pressed bristles beneath. Tj . S. Native of Cuba near Havannah. Flowers sulphur-coloured. Very like M. angustifblia. Cuba Barbadoes Cherry. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub 7 feet. 6 M. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 610.) branches smooth; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, beset on both surfaces with decumbent, stinging bristles ; peduncles axillary, umbellate. Tj . S. Native of South America, particularly in the West Indies. Cav. diss. MALPIGHIACE.E. I. MALPIOHIA. 635 FIG. 107. 8. p. 409. t. 236. f. 1. Lodd. hot. cab. 321. M. linearis, Jacq. 135. Flowers pale-purple or pink. Fruit small, oval, furrowed, when ripe of a dark-purple colour. Narrow-leaved Barbadoes Cherry. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1737. Shrub 7 feet. 7 M. AQUIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 611.) branches smooth; leaves lanceolate, with spiny teeth, beset with decumbent, stinging bristles beneath ; peduncles axillary, soli- tary or twin, 2-flowered. ^ . S. Native of South America and the West Indies. Plum. ed. Burm. t. 1C8. f. 1. Cav. diss. 8. p. 409. t. 236. f. 2. M. illicifolium, Mill, diet. no. 8. Flowers pale-blush or pink. Fruit of a dark-purple colour when ripe (f. 197.). Holly-leaved BarbadoesCherry. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1759. Shrub 7 feet. 8 M. MACROPHY'LLA (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 37.) leaves large, oval, quite entire, beset with silky hairs above, and with sting- ing, decumbent bristles beneath ; umbels of flowers lateral, ses- sile. Tj.S. Native of Brazil. Col. hort. rip. t. 11. Flowers red or pink. Long-leaved Barbadoes Cherry. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Tree 14 feet. SECT. II. APY'RJE (from awvpoc, apyros, free from fire ; in allusion to the leaves being without stinging bristles). D. C. prod. 1. p. 578. Leaves smooth or clothed with hairs, which are not stinging, nor fixed by their centre. * Leaves smooth. 9 M. COCCI'FERA (Lin. ed. Reich. 2. p. 371.) leaves obovate or roundish, with spiny teeth, smooth, shining ; peduncles axil- lary, solitary, furnished with two scales at their middle. ^ . S. Native of South America. A small bushy shrub, thickly beset with box-like leaves. Flowers'pale-blush or pink. Fruit small, co- nical, furrowed, of a purple colour when ripe. Ker. bot. reg. 568. Berry-bearing Barbadoes Cherry. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1733. Shrub 2 feet. 10 M. GLA'BRA (Lin. spec. 609.) leaves ovate, quite entire, smooth, shining ; peduncles axillary, umbellate, fj . S. Native of South America, particularly in the West Indies. Mill. ill. t. 181. f. 2. Cav. diss. t. 234. f. 1. — Sloan, jam. 2. p. 106. t. 207. f. 2. Flowers rose-coloured or bright purple. Fruit round, red, and smooth, about the size and shape of a cherry, having one or more furrows on the outside, and containing within a reddish, sweetish, not unpleasant, copious, juicy pulp, and 3 or 4 trian- gular nuts, so fitted together as to appear one, but this is the case in all the species. This tree is cultivated in all the West Indian Islands, and in many parts of the main land of South America, for its fruit, which is esteemed there, but is much in- ferior to our cherries. It is called in the British West Indies Barbadoes Cherry. — Sims, bot. mag. 813. Smooth-leaved or True Barbadoes Cherry. Fl. March, Sept. Clt. 1757. Tree 16 feet. 11 M. BIFLORA (Poir. diet. 4. p. 326.) leaves ovate, lanceo- late, acute, smooth ; peduncles axillary, 2-flowered. T? . S. Na- tive of South America in woods. M. punicifolia, Cav. diss. 8. • p. 406. t. 234. f. 2. Leaves entire. Flowers pale-red. Ttvo-fionered Barbadoes Cherry. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. -Shrub 10 feet. 12 M. PUNICIFOHA (Lin. spec. 609.) leaves ovate, quite en- tire, smooth; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered. Tj. S. Native of South America, particularly of the West Indies. — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 166. f. 2.— Pluck, phyt. t. 57. f. 7. Flowers rose- coloured. Fruit about the size and shape of a cherry, very suc- culent, and of a pleasant, rather acid taste. This shrub has much the appearance of the pomegranate. Pomegranate-leaved Barbadoes Cherry. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1690. Shrub 8 feet. 13 M. NI'TIDA (Mill. diet. no. 5. Lin. spec. 609.) leaves lan- ceolate, acute, quite entire, smooth, shining ; peduncles umbel- lately-racemose, axillary and terminal. Tj . S. Native of South America, particularly about Carthagena, and in the West Indies. A beautiful shrub, with pink flowers. Shining-leaved. Barbadoes Cherry. Fl. March, July. Clt. 1733. Shrub 10 feet. 14 M. BERTERIA'NA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 383.) leaves obovate, somewhat emarginate, membranaceous, opaque, smooth ; pe- duncles axillary, aggregate, usually 1-flowered. Jj . S. Native of Guadaloupe. Flowers rose-coloured ? Bertero's Barbadoes Cherry. Shrub 10 feet. 15 M. EMARGINA'TA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 578.) leaves ovate, obtuse, wavy, emarginate at the apex, smooth ; peduncles axillary, divided to the base into 4 or 5 umbellate pedicels, tj . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers red or pale-pink? Emarginate-leaved Barbadoes Cherry. Shrub 8 feet ? * Leaves pubescent or dorvny, 16 M. FAOI'NEA (Swartz, fl. ind. occid. 2. p. 850.) leaves oblong-ovate, quite entire, silky and shining beneath ; peduncles axillary, 3-parted, umbellate. T? . S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. Flowers yellow. Fruit unknown. .BeacA-le.aved Barbadoes Cherry. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 10 feet? 17 M. MALIFOLIA (Nees et Mart, in nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 21.) tomentose; leaves cordate, ovate, acute, quite entire, shining above, but villously tomentose beneath, furnished with 2 glands at the base ; flowers in 3-parted umbels, axillary, fj . S. Native of Brazil about Tamburil. Petals red and white, spotted, ciliated. Apple-leaved Barbadoes Cherry. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 18 M. SACCHARI NA ; leaves large, obovate, tapering to the base, pale beneath, on long footstalks ; pedicels axillary, solitary, short, and thick. Jj . S. Native of Sierra Leone. The fruit of this tree is sold in great quantities in the market of Freetown, during the months of February and March, under the name of sugar-plum ; they are about the size of the bullace-plum, round, rough on the outside, with scattered warts, of a greyish colour, and half-filled by 3 or 4 oval-flatted seeds, which are so fitted together as to appear one ; surrounded by a very sweet agreeable pulp. It is a beautiful and lofty tree, sometimes quite clear of branches to the height of 60 feet, where it terminates in a fine head. Sierra Leone Sugar-plum. Fl. Dec. Jan. Tree 80 feet. 19 M. INCA'NA (Mill. diet. no. 3.) leaves lanceolate, hoary beneath ; peduncles axillary, umbellate. ^ . S. Native of Campechy. M. Campechiensis, Poir. diet. 4. p. 333. Flowers rose-coloured. M. canescens, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 105 ? Hoary-leaved Barbadoes Cherry. Clt. 1742. Tree 18 feet. t Doubtful species, tvith yellow Jloners. 20 M. GRANDIFOLIA (Jacq. amer. p. 137.) leaves lanceolate- oblong, entire ; peduncles axillary, in racemose corymbs, fj . S. Native of Martinique in woods. Leaves a foot long. Flowers yellow. This is probably a species of Bunchosia, 4M 2 636 MALPIGHIACE^E. I. MALPIGHIA. II. BYRSONIMA. Great-leaved Barbadoes Cherry. Shrub 10 feet. 21 M. DU'BIA (Cav. diss. 8. p. 413. t. 242.) leaves ovate- acute, cartilaginous, entire, smooth ; branches dotted ; racemes axillary, panicled. ^ . S. Native of St. Domingo. Flowers small, yellow. Fruit unknown. It may be a species of Bun- chosia or Sanisteria. The styles are short, not exserted. Doubtful Barbadoes Cherry. Fl.Jul.Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh.10 ft. 22 M. OBOVA'TA (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 146.) leaves obovate, acute, cordate, quite entire, coriaceous, shining above, rather hairy beneath ; umbels axillary, twin, 4-flovvered. *2 . S. Native of South America on the banks of the river Magdalena near Nares. There are 5 hypogynous scales seated between the stamens and the ovary. Flowers yellow. This plant may probably form the type of a distinct genus. O&oca/e-leaved Barbadoes Cherry. Shrub 10 feet. 23 M. TERNIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 146.) leaves 3 in a whorl, oblong-lanceolate, acute, rounded at the base, quite entire, rather hairy above and shining, but clothed with soft down beneath ; umbels axillary, compound, 3-4-rayed, many-flowered. J? . S. Native of New Granada near Pandi. Flowers yellow. Fruit unknown. This is pro- bably a species of Vargasia. Tern-leaved Barbadoes Cherry. Shrub 12 feet. Cult. These trees and shrubs will thrive in any light soil, or a mixture of loam and peat ; and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. M. coccifera nitida, and aqui- fblia are the most worthy of general cultivation. II. BYRSO'NIMA (from byrsa, a hide, and nimius, much used ; because the bark of some of the species is used in tanning in Brazil). Rich, in Juss. ann. mus. 18. p. 481. LIN.SYST. Monadelphia, Decandria. Calyx 5-parted, furnished with 8 or 10 large glands on the outside at the base. Petals unguiculate. Stamens 10, connected together at the base, but a very little way. Styles 3. Drupe containing a 3-celled, 3- seeded nucleus. — Racemes of flowers spicate and terminal, sim- ple or branched. Flowers yellow, rarely white. * Leaves clothed with velvety, down beneath. 1 B. VERBASCIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 579.) leaves lanceo- late-obovate, quite entire, downy on both surfaces ; racemes ter- minal ; trunk thick, knotted, dwarf, tj . S. Native of Guiana by the sea-shore. Malpighia verbascif olia, Aubl. guian. 1 . p. 460. t. 184. Cav. diss. 8. p. 411. t. 240. Leaves grey. The hairs on the upper surface of the leaves are fixed by their centre. Flowers yellow. A decoction of the roots and branches is used in Guiana as a detergent in ulcers. This decoction has a red tinge and is vulnerary and astringent. Mullein-leaved Byrsonima. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1810. Sh. 1 ft. 2 B. LAURifbuA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 147.) leaves ovate-oblong, narrowed towards the top, cuneated at the base, and rather complicated, hairy above, downy beneath and hoary ; branches clothed with downy hairs ; calyx silky-villous. Jj . S. Native of Llanos in Cumana. Malpighia laurif olia, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 385. Very like B. verbascifblia. Laurel-leaved Byrsonima. Shrub. 3 B. NITIDA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. vol. icon, under Malpighia,) leaves ovate-oblong ; racemes terminal and axillary, branched, panicled: petals fringed; fruit large, 3-seeded; stigmas 3. (3 . S. Native of Peru. Shining-leaved Byrsonima. Shrub 10 feet. 4 B. ERIO'PODA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 579.) leaves oval, obtuse, tapering to the base, coriaceous, at length shining above, under- neath as well as above hairy on the nerves ; peduncles very hairy. Tj . S. Native of South America. Malpighia rufa Poir. diet. 4. p. 332. Hairy-peduncled Byrsonima. Shrub. 5 B. PHLOMOIDES ; leaves obovate-roundish, with 2 glands at the base of each, scabrous above, and clothed with cinereous down beneath ; racemes compound, axillary. fj . S. Native of Brazil. Malpighia phlomoides, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 385. Flowers yellow. Phlomus-like Byrsonima. Shrub. 6 B. NERVOSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 579.) leaves oval, blunt at both ends, shining above, wrinkled, but clothed with rufous down beneath, feather-nerved, -with the nerves and nervelets pro- minent ; racemes crowded with flowers and covered with brown down. T; . S. Native of Brazil. Malpighia macrophylla, Juss. in Pers. ench. 1. p. 506. Flowers yellow. Nerved-\e&ved Byrsonima. Shrub 8 feet. 7 B. COTINIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 152. t. 447.) leaves obovate, obtuse, tapering to the base, rather membranaceous, younger ones velvety on both surfaces, with rufous down, adult ones smooth above, but rather velvety be- neath ; racemes simple, crowded with flowers, rather velvety ; glands of calyx continuous. tj . S. Native of Mexico about Acapulca. Flowers copper-coloured. Cotinus-leaved Byrsonima. Shrub 6-12 feet. 8 B. FERRUGI'NEA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 151. t. 446.) leaves obovate-roundish, each with a short point, cu- neated at the base, covered with soft pubescence above, but clothed with rusty down beneath, as well as the branches and calyxes ; racemes simple ; calycine glands 1 0, distinct. fj . S. Native about the river Orinoco in woods. Flowers yellow. Rusty-leaved Byrsonima. Shrub. 9 B. ALTI'SSIMA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 579.) leaves ovate-oblong, covered with rufous down beneath but beset with bristles above, which are fixed by their centre ; racemes clothed with rufous hairs. ^ . S. Native of Guiana in woods. Malpighia altis- sima, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 455. t. 181. A tree from 60-80 feet high. Flowers white. Drupe reddish, almost dry. Tallest Byrsonima. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Tree 80 ft. 10 B. CRASSIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 579.) leaves ovate, acute at both ends, at length smooth above, but clothed with brownish down beneath ; racemes erect, elongated, brownish-velvety. T? . S. Native of Guiana and Cayenne, and also at Orinoco ? Malpighia crassifolia, Lin. spec. 610. Aubl. guian. 1. p. 457. t. 182. B. crassifolia, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 151.? Flowers yellow. Drupe greenish. The inhabitants of Guiana consider an infusion of the bark a febrifuge, and as stop- ping vomiting. Var. J3, Moureila (Aubl. guian. l.p. 459. 1. 183.) leaves acute ; flowers spiked. Tj • S. Native of Guiana and Cayenne in woods. Cav. diss. 8. p. 412. t. 241. Flowers yellow. This tree is called Moureila in Guiana. Tree 20 feet. Thick-leaved Byrsonima. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1793. Sh. 6 ft. 11 B. CHRYSOPHY'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 151.) leaves oblong, short-acuminated, acute at the base, rather wavy on the margin and revolute, smooth above, clothed beneath with silky down, which is of a golden rusty colour ; racemes simple ; calyxes glandless. fj . S. Native of South America at St. Carlos del Rio Negro. Galphimia chrysophylla, • Spreng. syst. 2. p. 385. Flowers yellow. Golden-leaved Byrsonima. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1823. Tr. 14ft.? 12 B. MONTA'NA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 151.) leaves elliptical-oblong, acute at both ends, smooth above, pu- bescent beneath ; branches and calyxes covered with rusty down. ; racemes branched. ?? . S. Native of Cumana on Mount Cocollar. Flowers yellow. Fruit unknown. Mountain Byrsonima. Tree 20 feet. 13 B. LANCEOLA'TA (Poir. diet. 4. p. 332.) leaves lanceolate- oblong, at length becoming smooth above, but brownish-velvety MALPIGHIACE^E. II. BYRSONIMA. 637 beneath : racemes erect, elongated, compound at the top. Jj . S. Native of Cayenne. Flowers yellow. Lanceolate-leaved Byrsonima. Tree 20 feet. 14 B. PU'LCHRA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 580.) leaves oval-oblong, acute at both ends, brownish-velvety beneath ; racemes erect, simple ; drupe ovate, mucronated. T? . S. Native of Mexico on the mountains. Malpighia pulchra, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Drupe scarlet. Petals cordate, yellow when young, but at last becoming reddish. Fair Byrsonima. Tree 16 feet? 15 B. SERI'CEA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 580.) leaves elliptical-ob- long, acuminated at both ends, smooth and shining above, but covered with silky rufous down beneath ; racemes rather branched, somewhat velvety. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow. iSt/A^-leaved Byrsonima. Shrub. 16 B. CINE'REA (D. C. prod. l.rp. 580.) leaves narrow-lan- ceolate, shining above, younger ones covered with rufous-velvety down on both surfaces, adult ones underneath as well as the branches clothed with cinereous down ; racemes spicate, simple. Tj . S. Native of French Guiana. Malpighia cinerea, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 7. Flowers yellow. Cinereous Byrsonima. Shrub. 17 B. RHOPALJEFOLIA (H. B. et Kuntli, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 148.) leaves elliptical, bluntish, rounded at the base, complicated, smooth, younger ones underneath as well as the branches and calyxes clothed with rusty down ; racemes simple. Tj . S. Native of Cumana and Caraccas in hot places. Flowers yellow. Fruit unknown. Rhopala-leaved Byrsonima. Tree 20 feet. 18 B. NITIDI'SSIMA (H. B. etKunth, 1. c.) leaves nearly ses- sile, elliptical, rounded at both ends, puberulous above and shining, but clothed with rufous pubescence beneath as well as the branches ; racemes simple ; calyx clothed with rufous down, with 10 distinct glands. Tj . S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco in the mission of Panumana. Flowers white. Most-shining-leaved Byrsonima. Tree 20 feet. * Leaves in the adult state smooth on both surfaces. 19 B. SPICA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 580.) leaves lanceolate, smooth, rusty beneath ; racemes spiked, erect, crowded, rather velvety ; petals halbert-shaped, very blunt. ^ • S. Native of St. Domingo, Guadaloupe, Porto-Rico, and Brazil. Malpighia spicata, Cav. diss. 8. p. 409. t. 237. Flowers yellow. Spiked- flowered Byrsonima. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. Shrub 6 feet. 20 B. LU'CIDA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 580.) leaves obovate, cunei- form, obtuse, or mucronate, smooth, veinless, shining ; racemes spiked, erect, short, smooth ; pedicels hispid ; petals hastately kidney-shaped. T? . S. Native of the Caribbee Islands, St. Thomas, and Guadaloupe. Malpighia lucida, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 852. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2462. Flowers pink. A beau- tiful shrub. Zaczrf-leaved Byrsonima. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1759. Sh. 8 ft. 21 B. coccoLOBjEFo'LiA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 148.) leaves sessile, roundish, ovate, blunt, obsoletely cordate, smooth as well as the branclilets ; racemes simple ; calyxes smoothish. T; . S. Native of the Caraccas in arid places near Villa de Cura. Flowers white. Coccoloba-leaved Byrsonima. Tree 16 feet. 22 B. L-EVIGA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 580.) leaves ovate, obtuse, even, smooth ; racemes spiked, crowded with flowers, elon- gated. Jj . S. Native of Cayenne and probably in Guada- loupe. Malpighia laevigata, Poir. diet. 4. p. 332. Petals yel- lowish-white. .Smooi/i-leaved Byrsonima. Shrub ? 23 B. E'LEGANS (D. C. prod. 1 . p. 580.) leaves oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, membranaceous, very smooth ; racemes elon- gated, nodding ; pedicels glandular. T? . S. Native of the sea-shore in the island of Arowabisch in Guiana. Malpighia Re- gans, Meyer, prim, esseq. 178. Flowers flesh-coloured. Elegant Byrsonima. Tree 40 feet. 24 B. ANGUSTIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 153. t. 449.) leaves linear-oblong, retuse at the apex, acutish at the base, smooth, cretaceously-pruinose beneath ; stipulas connate at the base ; racemes branched ; calyxes clothed with silky pubescence, furnished with 10 glands. ^ • S. Native of South America near where the rivers Atabapo and Ori- noco join. Malpighia pruinosa, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 384. Flowers red. Narrow-leaved Byrsonima. Tree 16 feet. 25 B. DE'NSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 580.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, coriaceous, shining on both surfaces ; racemes densely spiked ; pedicels hairy. T? . S. Native of Guiana. Malpighia densa, Poir. diet, suppl. 4. p. 7. Flowers red. Z)e»ue-racemed Byrsonima. Shrub. 26 B. CORIA'CEA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 580.) leaves ovate, acute, quite entire, smooth on both surfaces ; racemes densely spiked, pubescent, erect. Jj . S. Native of the south of Jamaica among bushes on the lower mountains of Liguanea. Malpighia coriacea, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 854. — Sloan, hist. 2. p. 20. t. 163. f. 1. Flowers yellow, sweet-scented. Brown calls this tree Locust-tree. Leathery-leaved Byrsonima. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1814. Tree 30 feet. 27 B. BRACHYSTA'CHIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 581.) leaves oval, acute at both ends, quite entire, smooth ; racemes spiked, erect, brownish-velvety, one-half shorter than the leaves. Jj . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow. Short-spiked Byrsonima. Shrub. 28 B. PA'LLIDA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 581.) leaves ovate, smooth on both surfaces, shining above, very coriaceous, pale ; racemes spiked, with short, smooth pedicels ; drupe small, globosely-pear- shaped. Tj . S. Native of Cayenne, Malpighia palhda, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 7. Flowers yellowish. Pale-leaved Byrsonima. Clt. 1820. Shrub 6 feet? 29 B. RETICULA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 581.) leaves ovate-lan- ceolate, netted, smooth, shining above ; racemes large, compound, reflexed at the apex ; bracteas ovate. I? . S. Native of Ca- yenne. B. spicata, Poppig. Malpighia reticulata, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 8. Flowers pale-yellow. Netted-leaved Byrsonima. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1823. Sh. 10ft. 30 B. MO'LLIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 581.) leaves ovate-oblong, smooth, even, coriaceous ; racemes panicled, short, smooth. fy . S. Native of Cayenne. Malpighia mollis, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 6. Flowers yellowish. Soft-leaved Byrsonima. Shrub 6 feet. 31 B. DIPHY'LLA (Jacq. amer. 136.) leaves oval, smooth, quite entire ; racemes simple, on small 2-leaved branches. Tj . S. Native of Carthagena in woods by the sea-side. Flowers yellow. Fruit yellow. Two-leaved-racemed Byrsonima. Shrub 8 feet. 32 B. GUADALUPE'NSIS ; leaves elliptical-oblong, quite entire, shining above, rusty beneath, smooth ; racemes terminal, loosely corymbose. Tj . S. Native of Guadaloupe. Flowers yellowish. Guadaloupe Byrsonima. Shrub ? 33 B. ? VOLU'BILIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 581.) leaves oval, acu- minated, smooth, shining ; branches twining, usually tubercled ; racemes corymbosely-umbellate, terminal. Tj . w. S. Native of the West Indies. Malpighia volubilis, Sims, bot. mag. t. 809. Flowers yellow. Fruit unknown. This plant is most probably a species of Banisteria. Twining Byrsonima. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1793. Sh. tw. 638 MALPIGHIACE&. III. BUNCHOSIA. Cult. All the species will thrive well in any light soil, or a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. Most of the species are rather shewy. III. BUNCHO'SIA (from Bunchos, the Arabic name for coffee; in allusion to the similarity between the seeds of this genus and those of coffee). Juss. ann. mus. 18. p. 481. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 183. D. C. prod. 1. p. 581. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Decdndria. Calyx 5-parted, fur- nished on the outside with 8 or 10 glands. Petals unguiculate. Stamens 10, monadelphous at the base. Style 1, simple, bifid or trifid at the apex. Drupe enclosing 2, but very rarely 3, nuts, which are flat on one side and convex on the other. — Ra- cemes axillary, loosely spiked or somewhat panicled. * Leaves, petioles, or pedicels glandular. 1 B. GLANDULOSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 581.) leaves ovate-ellip- tical, acuminated, smooth ; petioles furnished with 2 glands at the top ; racemes simple, shorter than the leaves. Tj . S. Na- tive of the Antilles. Malpighia glandulosa, Cav. diss. 8. p. 41 1. t. 239. f. 2. Flowers yellow. Glandular-petioled Bunchosia. Clt. 1804. Tree 20 feet. 2 B. GLANDULI'FERA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 154.) leaves elliptical-ovate, on short petioles, wavy, pubescent on both surfaces, furnished with 4 glands beneath at the base ; racemes simple ; pedicels each furnished with 1 gland. Tj . S. Native of Caraccas and of Guadaloupe in woods. Malpighia glandulosa, Jacq. icon. rar. t. 469. M. glandulifera, Jacq. coll. 4. p. 207. and 5. p. 5. f. 3. Flowers yellow. Fruit red. Gland-bearing Bunchosia. Fl. Mar. May. Clt. 1806. Sh. 10 feet. 3 B. CORNIFC>LIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 154.) leaves elliptical, acuminated, acute at the base, pubescent on both surfaces as well as the branches, with close-pressed silvery hairs, and furnished with 2 glands towards the base ; racemes simple, each pedicel furnished with 1 gland. Tj . S. Native of New Granada between Turbaco and Carthagena. Petals white. Fruit yellow. Dogwood-leaved Bunchosia. Shrub 12 feet. 4 B. POLYSTA'CHYA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 581.) leaves oblong, acute, smooth, shining, furnished beneath at the base with 2 glands ; racemes rather panicled ; pedicels each furnished with 1 gland; stigma capitate, 2-lobed. fy . S. Native of the West Indies and Cumana. Malpighia polystachya, Andr. bot. rep. t. 604. Flowers yellow. Fruit red, eatable. Many-spiked Bunchosia. Fl. Mar. May. Clt. 1806. Sh. 10 ft. 5 B. ME'DIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 581.) leaves oblong. lanceolate, acute, smooth, shining, furnished beneath with 2 glands, approximating to the midrib ; racemes simple ; pedicels each bearing 1 gland on the middle ; stigma capitate, 2-lobed. J? . S. Native of the West Indies. Malpighia media, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 103. Flowers yellow. Intermediate Bunchosia. Fl. Mar. May. Clt. 1790. Sh. 10 ft. 6 B. FILOSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 154.) leaves almost sessile, oblong, acute, rounded at the base, hairy above, and covered beneath with bristly hairs, and hoary as well as the branchlets, and furnished with 7 or 9 glands towards the margin ; racemes simple, each pedicel furnished with 1 gland above the middle. T? . S. Native of New Granada near Tur- baco. Flowers yellow. Pilose Bunchosia. Tree 12 feet. 7 B. TUBERCULA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 581.) branches tuber- el ed ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, rather pubescent; racmees 3- times shorter than the leaves, each pedicel furnished with 1 eland above the base, f? . S. Native of Caraccas. Malpighia tu- berculata, Jacq. schcenbr. 1. p. 54. t. 104. Flowers yellow. Fruit red. Tubercled-branclied Bunchosia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1806. Shrub 8 feet. 8 B. ARGE'NTEA (D. C. prod. 1. p.582.) branches puberulous ; leaves lanceolate, silvery beneath ; racemes opposite, simple, pubescent, each pedicel bearing 1 gland. Tj . S. Native of Caraccas. Malpighia argentea, Jacq. fragm. 106. t. 83. Flowers yellow. Glands of calyx elongated. Silvery-leaved Bunchosia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1810. Sh. 10ft? 9 B. GLAU'CA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 155.) leaves elliptical-oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, smoothish above, covered beneath with close-pressed hairs, glauceseent, and furnished with 4-11 glands towards the margin; branches warted; racemes opposite, pubescent, each pedicel furnished with 1 gland. T? . S. Native of New Granada near Honda. Very like B. nitida. Flowers yellow. Glaucous-leaved Bunchosia. Shrub 12 feet. * Leaves, petioles, and pedicels without glands. 10 B. NI'TIDA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 582.) leaves oblong, acu- minated, smooth, glandless ; racemes elongated, almost the length of the leaves. 17.8. Native of Jamaica, Guadaloupe, and St. Domingo, in sunny places. Malpighia nitida, Lin. spec. 609. Cav. diss. 8. p. 411. t. 239. f. 1. Flowers yellow. Fruit large, red, and are much eaten by turkeys and other large fowls. Leaves 4 inches long. iS7imi'ng-leaved Bunchosia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1800. Sh. 4ft. 11 B. ARMENIACA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 582.) leaves ovate- oblong, acute, coriaceous, smooth ; racemes elongated, almost the length of the leaves ; styles rather distinct. Jj . S. Native of Peru in the province of Chanca. Malpighia Armeniaca, Cav. diss. 8. p. 410. t. 238. The fruit in shape is compared to that of Prunus Armeniaca, and the nucleus is said to be poisonous. Leaves 4 or 5 inches long. Flowers yellow. ^przcoi-fruited Bunchosia. Shrub. 12 B. ODORA TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 582.) leaves ovate, emargi- nate, downy on both surfaces ; racemes opposite ; stigma bifid or trifid. ly . S. Native of Carthagena among bushes. Mal- pighia odorata, Jacq. amer. p. 136. t. 177. f. 41. Flowers yellow, sweet-scented. Sweet-scented-flowered Bunchosia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1806. Shrub 7 feet. •f" Species not sufficiently known. 13 B. ? PANICULA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p 582.) leaves oblong, cordate, acuminated, smooth ; racemes panicled, lateral, and terminal. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica. Malpighia paniculata, Mill. diet. no. 6. Flowers purple. .Panie/eii-flowered Bunchosia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1790. Shrub 10 feet? 14 B. CANE'SCENS (D. C prod. 1. p. 582.) leaves oblong, ob- tuse, pubescent ; racemes axillary, compound. Ij . S. Native of the West Indies. Malpighia canescens, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 105. Flowers probably yellow. //oary-leaved Bunchosia. Clt. 1742. Tree 20 feet? 15 B. ? SESSILIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 582.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, tapering to the base, almost sessile, acuminated at the apex ; racemes opposite, simple ; style thickish, with an orbicu- lar stigma. Tj . S. Native of Mexico. Petals yellow, with fringed margins. Fruit unknown. Sessile-leaved Bimchosia. Shrub ? Cult. All the species of this genus are rather ornamental. They will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. MALPIGHIACE^E. IV. GALPHIMIA. V. CAUCANTHUS. VI. HIPTAGE. VII. TRISTELLATEIA. C39 IV. GALPHI'MI A (an anagram of Malj/ighia,) Cav. icon. 5. p. 61. D. C. prod. l.p. 582. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Trigynia. Calyx 5-parted, with- out glands. Petals unguiculate, oval or oblong. Stamens 10, almost free. Styles 3. Fruit (according to Cavanilles) 3- celled? containing 3 nuts; nuts opening on the back, 1 -seeded. Flowers yellow. Racemes terminal, as in Byrsonima, but differs from it in the calyx being destitute of glands. 1 G. HIRSU'TA (Cav. icon. 5. p. 62.) leaves ovate, acute, on short footstalks, hairy on both surfaces. Tj . S. Native of Mexico between Chilpancinga and Rio Azul. Hairy Galphimia. Shrub 6 feet. 2 G. GLAU'CA (Cav. icon. 5. p. 61. t. 489.) leaves ovate, ob- tuse, smooth, glaucous beneath, and with one tooth on each side at the base ; petioles without glands. Tj . w. S. Native of Mexico. G7a«co«s-leaved Galphimia. Clt. 1830. Shrub cl. 3 G. GLANDULOSA (Cav. icon. 6. p. 43. t. 563.) leaves oval- lanceolate, smooth, each petiole furnished with 2 large glands at the top; petals oblong. Tj . S. Native of the western parts of Mexico on the declivities of mountains. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 172. Malpighia biglandulosa, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 7. Perhaps several species are confounded below under the head of varieties. Flowers of all yellow. Var. a, ovalifolia (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ind. D. C. prod. 1. p. 582.) leaves oval, obtuse. Jj . S. Native of Mexico. Var. ft, oblongifblia (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 582.) leaves oval-oblong, tapering to both ends. Tj . S. Native of Mexico. Far. y, lanceolata (Cav. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, acuminated at both ends. Tj . S. Native of Mexico. Glandular Galphimia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. •f- Doubtful species, the calyxes of which are furnished rvith glands. 4 G. ? LONGIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 173.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute, angularly-cuneated at the base, smooth, each petiole bearing 1 or 2 glands ; racemes ter- minal, branched. J? . w. S. Native of South America in shady places at the river Cassiquiare. Flowers yellow. Long-leaved Galphimia. Tree 20 feet. 5 G. ? MOLLIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 173.) leaves oblong, acute at both ends, coriaceous, smooth above, and shining, but clothed with soft hoary pubescence beneath, each petiole bearing 2 glands ; umbels axillary ? few-flowered. ^ . '~1. S. Native of the temperate parts of Mexico. Flowers yellow. /Sq/i-leaved Galphimia. Shrub cl. Cult. The species of Galphimia are rather handsome shrubs. They will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will strike root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. V. CAUCA'NTHUS (the Arabic name of this tree is kauka, and avSoc, anthos, a flower). Forsk. descr. 91. D. C. prod. 1. p. 583. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Trigynia. Calyx campanulate, 5-part- ed, destitute of glands. Petals unguiculate, concave. Stamens 10; filaments awl-shaped. Margins of anthers rather promi- nent. Styles 3, awl-shaped. Fruit unknown. This genus is perhaps not sufficiently distinct from Galphimia. 1 C. ARA'BICUS (Lam. diet. 1. p. 658.) F? . G. Native of Arabia on the mountains at Tases. Malpighia Caucanthus, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 6. Galphimia Cauca, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 385. Leaves opposite, orbicular, smooth, usually emarginate. Corymbs of flowers terminal. Flowers white. The fruit is said to be about the size of a pigeon's egg, and perhaps therefore fleshy. Arabian Caucanthus. Shrub or Tree ? FIG. 108. Cult. This plant will probably thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and ripened cuttings will probably strike root in sand under a hand-glass. Tribe II. HIPTA'GE.fli (plants agreeing with Hiptdge in the shape of the fruit). D. C. prod. 1. p. 583. Style 1 (f. 108. d.) or 3, con- nected into one. Carpel a dry, indehiscent, 1 -seeded fruit (f. 108. e.}, which is usually expanded into wings of various shapes (f. 108. e.). Leaves opposite or in whorls. VI. Hl'PTAGE (probably from tTrrapat, hiptamai, to fly ; in allusion to the shape of the lateral petals, which appear like wings). Gaert. intr. p. 126. fruct. 2. p. 169. t. 116. — Gaertnera, Schreb, gen. no. 735. but not of Lam. — Molina, Cav. diss. 9. p. 435. but not of Juss. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, and furnished with 5 glands at the base on the outside. Petals 5, unequal, fringed (f. 108. 6.). Stamens 10 (f. 108. e.\ one of which is much longer than the rest. Carpels 3 (but usually 1 or 2 from abortion), 4-winged (f. 108. e.) ; wings unequal. — Climbing shrubs. 1 H. MADABLOTA (Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 169. t. 116.) leaves ovate- lanceolate, acuminated ; racemes terminal. Tj . w. S. Native of the East Indies on the Circar moun- tains. Madablota, Sonn. voy. ind. 2. p. 135. Molina racemosa, Cav. diss. 9. p. 435. t. 263. but not of Juss. Gaertnera racemosa, Roxb. cor. 1. p. 19. t. 18. Banisteria Bengalensis, Lin. syst. p. 247. Banisteria unicapsularis, Lam. Ca- lophyllum Akara, Burm. ind. 121. — Rheed. mal. 6. t. 59. This is a large, woody, climbing shrub, flowering in its native country in the wet and cold season. It is cultivated all over the coast of Coromandel on account of the beauty and fragrance of its blos- soms, each of which is composed of five petals, one of them yel- low, the rest white. Madablota is its name in some parts of the East Indies. Madablota Hiptage. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1796. Shrub cl. 2 H. OBTUSIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 583.) leaves obovate, obtuse, rather mucronated ; racemes terminal and axillary. Jj . ^. S. Native of China. Gaertnera obtusifolia, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 32. The flowers are composed of 5 petals, one of which is yellow, the rest white. Obtuse-leaved Hiptage. Clt. 1810. Shrub cl. Cult. Hiptdge is a genus of beautiful climbing shrubs ; they are therefore very desirable for a stove-conservatory, where they can be trained upon the rafters. A mixture of loam and peat will suit them best, and cuttings will strike root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. VII. TRISTELLATEIA (from tres, three, and Stella, a star; disposition of the appendages of the capsule). Pet. Th. gen. mad. p. 14. no. 47. — Zymum, Nor. Juss. ann. 18. p. 482. D. C. prod. 1. p. 583. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, unguiculate. Stamens 10, the 5 alternate ones smallest. Ovary impressed with 3 glandular pores. Carpels 3, crowned by 6 appendages, which are 3-toothed at the apex. Embryo convolute. 1 T. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 367.) lj. . 8, Native of Madagascar. This is a twining shrub, with the lower 610 MALPIGHIACE^E. VIII. THRYALLIS. IX. ASFICARPA. X. GAUDICHAUDIA. XL CAMAREA. leaves disposed 4 in a whorl, upper ones opposite, bearing glands at their base, entire. Flowers disposed in racemes, yellow. Madagascar Tristellateia. Shrub tw. Cult. This beautiful twining shrub will grow in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will strike root in sand un- der a hand-glass, in heat. VIII. THRYA'LLIS (a name given by the Greeks to Ver- bdscum, which comes from Opavu, thrauo, to divide. The pre- sent plant has nothing to do with the plant of the Greeks unless in having yellow flowers). Lin. gen. 533. D. C. prod. 1 . p. 583. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia,Decdndria. Calyx 5-parted, perma- nent. Petals roundish, unguiculate. Stamens 10, awl-shaped, monadelphous at the base. Styles 3, connate at the base. Cap- sules inclosed within the large calyx, divisible into 3, triangular, 1 -seeded nuts ; cells opening by the exterior angle. 1 T. BRASILIE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 554.) branches jointed; leaves ovate, stalked ; racemes of flowers terminal. 1? . S. Native of Brazil — Marcg. bras. p. 79. f. 3. Flowers small, yellow. Brazilian Thryallis. Shrub 2 feet ? 2 T. LONGIFOLIA (Mart. fl. bras. 3. p. 78. t. 230.) leaves ob- long-lanceolate, acutish, canescent beneath ; petioles glandular towards the base ; glands oblong. Tj . ^,. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Bahia. Petals yellow. Long-leaved Thryallis. Shrub cl. 3 T. LATIFOLIA (Mart. fl. bras. 3. p. 79. t. 231.) leaves broad, ovate, obtuse or emarginate, cordate at the base, white from tomentum beneath ; petioles biglandular at the top ; glands glo- bose ^2 • w S. Native of Brazil. Petals yellow. Broad-leaved Thryallis. Shrub cl. 4 T.? BRACHYSTA'CHYA (Lindl. bot. reg. 1162.) leaves ovate- lanceolate, glaucous-green above, white beneath ; racemes short, panicled ; petioles biglandular at the apex. Tj . w. S. Native of Brazil about Rio Janeiro. Petals yellow, on long claws. Short-spiked Thryallis. Shrub 4 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam and peat will suit these plants, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. IX. ASPICA'RPA (from ainrtf, aspis, a shield, and Kap- Trof, karpos, a fruit ; form of fruit). Rich, in mem. mus. 2. p. 399. t. 12. D. C. prod. 1. p. 583.— Acosmus, Desv. LIN. SYST. Mondndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, conni- vent. Petals wanting. Stamen 1, enclosed. Ovary roundish, half-cleft, 2-celled. Style 1, very short, seated in the fissure of the ovary. Fruit dry, indehiscent, 1 -celled from abortion, 1-seeded. Seeds orbicular, without albumen. Embryo re- curved, with a basilar radicle, pointing to the hilum. 1 A. U'RENS (Lag. nov. gen. et spec. 1. no. 5.) Tj . ^. S. Native of New Spain. Stem somewhat shrubby, twining, fili- form. Leaves cordate-oval, beset with stinging, hair-like bris- tles, which are fixed by their centre, and lie very close. Flowers disposed in axillary bundles, almost sessile, without petals. Stinging Aspicarpa. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. Sh. tw. Cult. This plant is hardly worth cultivating except in a bo- tanic garden. It will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and cuttings will strike root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. X. GAUDICHAU'DIA (in honour of Charles Gaudichaud, who accompanied Freycinet as naturalist in his voyage round the world). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 156. t. 445. St. Hil. bull, philom. 1823. p. 132. D. C. prod. 1. p. 584. LIN. SYST. Monade/phia, Pentandria. Calyx 5-parted, or 5- cleft, furnished with 10, but usually with 8, glands on the out- side. Petals 5, sometimes perigynous, roundish, spreading. Stamens 5, inserted with the petals; filaments flattened and connate at the base, unequal, two of them bearing smaller anthers than the others, or abortive. Style 1. Carpels 3, free, or connected at the very base, 1-seeded, one of them usually abortive. Samarae 2, each drawn out at the base into a spur-like membrane, and winged on the back. Seeds erect at the top of a pendulous funicle. Albumen wanting. Embryo straight. — Shrubs with opposite entire leaves and yellow flowers. 1 G. CYNANCHOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) stem twining; leaves stalked ; racemes crowded with flowers, axillary or ter- minal. Tj . °. S. Native of Mexico near Valladolid. Cynanc/ium-like Gaudichaudia. Shrub twining. 2 G. GUARANI'TICA (St. Hil. bull, philom. 1823. p. 132.) stem twining, shrubby ; leaves stalked, ovate-oblong, obtuse, with a short mucrone ; petioles with 2 glands at the top of each ; umbels axillary, 2-3-flowered. T; . '"'. S. Native of Brazil. Guaranitic Gaudichaudia. Shrub tw. 3 G. LINEARIFOLIA (St. Hil. 1. c.) stem suffruticose, erect ; leaves linear, almost sessile, distant ; umbels terminal. Fj . S. Native of Brazil. Linear-leaved Gaudichaudia. Shrub 3 feet. 4 G. sERicEA (St. Hil. 1. c.) stem suffruticose, erect ; leaves on short stalks, silky beneath, intermediate ones ovate-lanceo- late; peduncles filiform, 1-flowered, rarely 2-flowered. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Silky-leaved Gaudichaudia. Shrub 3 feet. 5 G. A'LBIDA (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnsea. 5. p. 217.) stem shrubby, climbing ; leaves stalked, ovate, oblong, obtuse, silky-canescent beneath from adpressed pili ; petioles glandless ; umbels 2-4-flowered, terminal. Tj . w. S. Native of Mexico. Banisteria albida, Schiede, mss. Sterile filaments longer than the fertile ones. Whitened-leaved Gaudichaudia. Shrub cl. Cult. Rather handsome flowering shrubs. They will thrive in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and ripened cuttings will strike root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XL CAMA'REA (ea/japa, camara, an arch ?). St. Hil. bull, philom. 1823. p. 133. D.C. prod. 1. p. 584. LIN. SYST. Hexdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted or 5- cleft, with 2 glands at the base of each lobe, but sometimes naked. Petals 5, somewhat perigynous, rather unequal. Stamens 6, 3 of which are fertile, with the filaments of these almost joined to the top and bearing round anthers, the other 3 are hardly con- nected at the base, the middle one of these is fertile, the 2 lateral ones are sterile, but bearing petal-like twisted masses instead of anthers. Style 1. Carpels 8, or from abortion only 2, some- what connate, 1-seeded, indehiscent, crested oh the back and with a wrinkled crest on the sides. Seeds pendulous at the extre- mity of an erect funicle. Albumen wanting. Embryo straight, in- verted.— Erect shrubs, all natives of Brazil. Flowers of all yellow. 1 C. HIRSU TA (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate or oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, hairy, with silky margins ; umbels terminal. fj . S. Native of Brazil. Hairy Camarea. Shrub. 2 C. AXILLA'RIS (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, acute, cor- date at the base, villous, spreading ; flowers solitary, axillary. tj . S. Native of Brazil. 4 xillary-Rowered Camarea. Shrub. 5 C. SERI'CEA (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves long, linear-lanceolate, acute, silky ; umbels terminal. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Silky-leaved Camarea. Shrub. 4 C. ERICOIDES (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves small, linear, narrow, crowded; flowers in umbels. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Heath-like Camarea. Shrub. 5 C. LINEARIFOLIA (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves linear, rather distant ; flowers in umbels. 17 . S. Native of Brazil. Linear-leaved Camarea. Shrub. Cull. Shrubs with rather shewy flowers. They will thrive MALPIGHIACEJE. XII. HIR^A. 641 well in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat, and ripened cuttings will strike root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. Tribe III. BANISTERIEvjE (plants agreeing with Banisteria in many important characters). D. C. prod. 1. p. 584. Styles 3, distinct. Fruit of 2-3 dry, indehiscent, 1 -seeded carpels, which are variously expanded into wings. — Leaves opposite, very rarely in whorles. XII. HIRJ^A (in honour of John Nicholas de la Hire, a French physician, member of the Academy of Sciences, who dis- covered an exudation resembling manna on the leaves of orange trees; he died in 1727.) H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 167. D. C. prod. 1. p. 585. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Decandria. Calyx of 5 sepals, either bearing glands or without. Petals 5, roundish, unguiculate. Stamens 10, with awl-shaped filaments, which are a little con- nected at the base, the 5 alternate ones longest. Styles 3. Car- pels 3, samaraeform, rarely 2, 1 -seeded, crested or naked on the back, and surrounded by a membranous wing, usually emarginate, at both extremities. — Climbing shrubs, all probably with panicles of white, yellow or reddish flowers. § 1. Hirce'a (see genus). Jacq. am. 137. D. C. prod. 1. p. 585. Calyxes destitute of glands. * Carpels roundish. 1 H. RECLINA'TA (Jacq. amer. p. 137. t. 176. f. 42. pict. p. 68. t. 260. f. 37.) leaves obovate, blunt at both ends, pubescent above and smooth beneath. T? . w. S. Native of South America in the woods of Carthagena in New Spain, where it flowers in June. This small tree divides into many bending and reclining branches, by which it supports itself on the neighbouring trees. Flowers yellow, an inch in diameter. Reclined-branched Hirae'a. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? Tree cl. 2 H. ODORA'TA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 743.) leaves ovate, acute, smooth above but downy beneath, fj . S. Native of Guinea. The fruit of Flabellaria paniculdta, Cav. diss. 9. p. 436. t. 264. probably belongs to this plant, but the leaves, according to R. Brown, are probably referable to a species of Pterocdrpus. A reclining shrub with yellow sweet-scented flowers. Srveet-scented-ftowered Hiraea. Clt. 1822. Shrub reclining. 3 H. GLA'BRA (Spreng. neue. entd. 2. p. 154.) leaves ovate- oblong, smooth on both surfaces, shining ; panicle terminal, trichotomous ; branchlets and calyxes clothed with pressed hairs. Tj. w. S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow? Smooth-leaved Hirasa. Shrub cl. 4 H. CONCA'VA (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 13.) leaves oblong, tapering, obtuse, rounded at the base, smooth on both surfaces ; samaras nearly orbicular, crested on the back. Tj . w. S. Native of the East Indies in the province of Martaban. Concave Hiraea. Shrub cl. , 5 H. ORBICULA'TA (Roxb. hort. beng. app. p. 90.) leaves orbi- cular, villous beneath as well as the panicles ; samarae orbicular, crested on the back. Tj . w. S. Native of Chittagong. Orbicular-leaved Hiraea. Shrub cl. 6 H. HYPERICOIDES (Burch. cat. no. 2486 and 2531.) leaves linear, smooth on both surfaces. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Wings of fruit roundish, half orbicular. St. John's-ntort-like Hiraea. Shrub. * * Carpels ovate or oblong. 7 H. NUBIANS (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 34.) leaves ovate, acu- minated, smooth above, but clothed with close-pressed hairs beneath, which are fixed by their centre. J? . ^. S. Native of the East Indies in Bengal. Samarae 2 or 3, oval-oblong. Flowers white. Nodding Hiraea. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. VOL. I. PART VH. 8 H. I'NDICA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 90.) leaves ovate, acumi- nated, shining, smooth ; panicles axillary and terminal. Tj . v-). S. Native of the East Indies on the Circar mountains. Triopteris I'ndica, Willd. spec. 2. p. 744. Roxb. cor. 2. p. 31. t. 160. Samarae 3, oblong. Calyxes pubescent. Flowers white. Indian Hiraea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 9 H. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 90.) leaves round. T? . w. S. Native of the East Indies at Chittagong. Flowers white. The carpels are not known. Round-leaved Hiraea. Shrub cl. 10 H. HIRSU'TA (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 13. t. 13.) leaves obovate, short-acuminated, retusely obcordate at the base, hairy as well as the panicle ; samarae oblong, naked on the back, emar- ginate at the apex. Tj . w. S. Native of the Burman empire on mountains about Prome and at the bottom of Mount Taong Dong. Flowers white. This species is easily distinguished by the long and rust-coloured hairs, which cover all its parts, and nowhere, except on the partial peduncles, mixed with those decumbent centrally fixed hairs, so remarkable in the rest of the species. Hairy Hiraea. Fl. Aug. Shrub cl. 11 H. LANUGINO'S A (Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 1 . p. 1 3.) leaves ovate- cordate, attenuated, acuminated, smooth above, but clothed with adnate wool beneath ; samarae ovate, retuse, naked on the back. ^ . w. S. Native of Nipaul. Woolly Hiraea. Fl. June. Shrub cl. 12 H. CORDA'TA (Heyne, ex Wall. 1. c.) leaves cordate, drawn out at the apex into a broad, elongated acumen, woolly be- neath. T? . ,_,. S. Native of the peninsula of India ? Perhaps only a variety of H. lanuginosa or H. nutans. Cordate-lew ed Hiraea. Shrub cl. § 2. Mascagnia (probably the name of some botanist known to Bertero). Bert. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 585. Calyxes bearing glands on the outside. 13 H. MACRADE'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 585.) leaves ovate, acuminated, smooth above, beneath as well as the branchlets and petioles without glands, but are clothed with close-pressed, silky villi ; flowers racemose ; pedicels jointed at the base. Jj . w. S. Native of South America at St. Martha. Mascagnia Americana, Bert. Wings of fruit orbicular and emarginate at both ends. Calyx furnished with large glands. Flowers yellow. Large-glanded Hiraea. Shrub cl. 14 H. OBLONGIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 585.) leaves ovate- oblong, acuminated, smooth, with the nerves and petioles as well as the branchlets clothed with velvety pubescence ; flowers panicled ; pedicels jointed at the base. ^ . w. S. Native of St. Martha with the preceding species, to. which it is very nearly allied. Mascagnia oblongifolia, Bert. ined. Oblong-leaved Hiraea. Shrub cl. 15 H. DIVARICA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 169.) leaves oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, somewhat quintuple-nerved, smooth ; petioles bearing 3-7 glands ; panicles axillary, composed of from 5-7 racemes, which are twice as long as the leaves ; calyx clothed with close-pressed hairs, fy . ^. S. Native of South America near Cumana. Flowers pale violet. Divaricate-branched Hiraea. Shrub cl. 16 H. OVATIFOLIA (H. B.et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 169.) leaves ovate, acuminated, rounded at the base, smooth and shin- ing above ; petioles glandless ; panicles axillary, about equal in length with the leaves ; fruit orbicular, fj . w. S. Native of South America in shady woods near Cumana. Flowers probably white. Ovate-leaved Hiraea. Shrub cl. t Species doubtful, the fruit being unknown. 17 H. ? PRUNIFOLIA (H. B, et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves elliptical, 4 N 642 MALPIGHIACE^E. XII. HIR*A. XIII. TRIOFTERIS. acute at both ends, smooth, with glandular margins ; younger ones clothed with close-pressed hairs ; petioles with 2 glands in the middle of each ; racemes terminal ; calyxes pubescent and bearing 8 glands. T? . ^. S. Native of South America in the province of Caraccas near La Victoria. Flowers white. Plum-leaved Hiraea. Shrub cl. 18 H. ? COMPLICA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves elliptical, acute, rounded at the base, somewhat cordate, complicated, smooth ; petioles bearing 2-4 glands ; racemes terminal and axillary; calyx silky brown and furnished with 10 glands; petals concave, keeled on the back. Tj . w? S. Native on the banks of the river Orinoco near Carichana. Complicated-leaved Hiraea. Shrub cl.? 19 H. ? NI'TIDA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves ovate-elliptical, acutish, rounded at the base, somewhat coriaceous, smooth, shining above ; racemes axillary, solitary, and terminal, usually in fives, panicled ; calyxes clothed with rusty hairs, and furnished with 8 glands ; petals concave, keeled on the back. Jj . w. S. Native of South America near St. Barbara at the head of the river Orinoco. Flowers white or reddish. Shining-leaved Hiraea. Shrub cl. •f •)• Mexican species not sufficiently known, but probably be- longing to section Mascdgnia. 20 H. ? MUCRONA'TA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 586.) leaves oval, acutely mucronated at the apex, hardly cordate at the base ; petioles longish, without glands ; pedicels numerous, axillary, 1-flowered. tj . w. S. Native of Mexico. This plant has the habit of Banisteria, fruit of Hirce~a, and calyx of Triopteris. Mucronate-leaved Hiraea. Shrub cl. 21 H. ? CYCLO'PTERA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 586.) leaves oval-oblong, acuminated at both ends, rather villous ; petioles without glands ; peduncles vil- lous, axillary, somewhat corymbose. Tj . w. S. Native of Mexico. Wings of fruit large, orbicular, as in Hiraea, but the calyx is biglandular. Round-winged-fruited Hiraea. Shrub cl. 22 H. ? OXY'OTA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 586.) leaves oval-oblong, acute, villous, cordate at the base, with very small, acute auricles; petioles without glands, but are as well as the peduncles villous. fj . ,_,. S. Native of Mexico. Carpels 3, winged, on a pedicel within the calyx. Calyx biglandular. Sliarp-eared-leaved Hirsea. Shrub cl. 23 H. PODOCA'RPA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 586.) leaves lanceolate, smooth, on short footstalks ; peduncles trifid. Jj . ' S. Native of Mexico. Carpels 3, winged, on a pedicel within the calyx. Calyx probably without glands. Foot-fruited Hirsea. Shrub cl. ? 24 H. ACUMINA'TA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 586.) leaves oval, acuminate-mucronate, villous; petioles without glands; peduncles villous, twice as long as leaves, corymbiferous at the top. tj . w. S. Native of Mexico. Samaras 2-winged, emarginate at both ends. Calyx biglandular. Jcuminated-leaved Hiraea. Shrub cl. 25 H. ? MACRO'PTERA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 586.) leaves oval, oblong, acuminated at both ends, smooth ; petioles bearing 2 glands at the top ; racemes axillary. ^ . w. S. Native of Mexico. Fruit exactly of Hircect, as painted in Cavanilles, diss. 9. t. 264., but the fruit is 3-times larger. Lobes of calyx coarsely biglandular. Long-ninged-fruited Hiraea. Shrub cl. Cult. Hires'' a is a genus of climbing or reclining shrubs, with yellow, white or reddish flowers. They will thrive well in a mix- ture of loam and peat ; and cuttings taken from ripe wood will strike root in sand under a hand glass, in heat. All the species are extremely difficult to bring into flower in this country. XIII. TRIO'PTERIS (from rptte, treis, three, and irrtpov, pteron, a wing ; in allusion to the carpels being each furnished with 3 wings). Lin. gen. no. 574. Cav. diss. 9. p. 431. D. C. prod. 1. p. 586. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Decdndria. Calyx 5-parted, each segment bearing 2 glands on the outside at the base. Petals 5, roundish, unguiculate. Stamens 1 0, with awl-shaped filaments, which are somewhat connected at the very base, each alternate one larger than the others. Styles 3. Carpels rather connected at the base, 1 -seeded, expanded into Swings, especially 2 supe- rior and 1 inferior, and sometimes into a small dorsal crest. — Twining shrubs with yellow flowers. 1 T. RI'OIDA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 859.) leaves roundish, acuminated, marginated, lined, coriaceous, stiff, very smooth ; petioles without glands, fj . /"\ S. Native of St. Domingo on the mountains among bushes. Branches rather twining. Younger fruit puberulous. Racemes compound, axillary. Stiff-leaved Triopteris. Shrub tw. 2 T. OVA'TA (Cav. diss. 9. p. 431. t. 259.) leaves ovate, bluntish, somewhat cordate, smooth ; petioles bearing 2 glands at the top. Tj . /^>. S. Native of St. Domingo. Panicle terminal. Ovate-leaved Triopteris. Shrub tw. 3 T. LU CIDA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 167i t. 451.) leaves roundish-elliptical, acute at both ends, coriaceous, smooth, shining ; petioles without glands ; panicles axillary, and terminal, simple. Tj . '"'. S. Native of Cuba in shady places. Flowers pale-rose coloured. Shining-leaved Triopteris. Shrub tw. 4 T. HAVANE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves oblong, rather mucronate, acute at the base, coriaceous, smooth, shining ; petioles without glands. Tj . /'\ S. Native of Cuba near Havannah. Flowers and fruit unknown. Havannah Triopteris. Shrub tw. 5 T. JAMAICE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 612.) leaves oblong, acuminated, veiny, smooth, shining ; petioles without glands ; flowers in 3- parted panicles, rising from the upper axils of the leaves and the tops of the branches. Tj . /"\ S. Native of Jamaica in hedges as well as of Hispaniola. Branches twining. Jamaica Triopteris. Clt. 1822. Shrub tw. 6 T. BRASILIE'NSIS (Poir. diet. 8. p. 105.) leaves ovate-lan- ceolate, acute, coriaceous, smooth, shining ; petioles short, with- out glands. Tj . /^>. S. Native of Brazil. Brazilian Triopteris. Shrub tw. 7 T. LINGULA'TA (Poir. diet. 8. p. 104.) leaves linear-lingu- late, obtuse, mucronate, smooth on both surfaces, shining above. Tj . '"\ S. Native of St. Domingo. Panicle terminal, with very long divaricating branches. Tongue-leaved Triopteris. Shrub tw. 8 T. FLORIBU'NDA (Bilberg. in flora. 1821. p, 331.) leaves oblong, blunt, smooth. Jj . /"\ S. Native of Brazil. Panicle terminal. Bundle-flowered Triopteris. Shrub tw. 9 T. SERICEA (Lodd. cat. Loud. hort. brit. p. 182.) leaves silky. Tj . . S. Native of St. Domingo and Cayenne. Perhaps only a variety of B. angulosa. Flowers sulphur-coloured. Palate-leaved Banisteria. Shrub tw. 2 B. ANGULOSA (Lin. spec. 611.) leaves cordate, bluntly an- gular, rather fiddle-shaped, downy or silky-pubescent beneath ; petioles biglandular at the apex. >2 . ^\ S. Native of St. Do- mingo and Cayenne. — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 92. Cav. diss. 9. t. 252. Flowers sulphur-coloured. ^nguZar-leaved Banisteria. Shrub cl. 3 B. SINUA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 588.) leaves cordate, ovate- roundish, very bluntly sinuated, smooth above, and scarcely pubescent beneath ; petioles biglandular at the apex. 17 . ""\ S. Native of Guiana. Flowers yellow. Carpels on the inner side have a larger appendage than in B. angulosa, with the lateral wings almost reduced to a crest. <$coWoperf-leaved Banisteria. Shrub cl. 4 B. VARIIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 588.) leaves cordate, clothed with hoary down beneath, some of which are ovate and undivided, others are 3-lobed, and acute at the apex ; petioles 4N 2 644 MALPIGHIACE^E. XVI. BANISTERIA. biglanclular at the top. ^ . °. S. Native of South America at St. Martha. B. diversifolia, Bert, ined. but not of Kunth. B. vitifolia, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. is probably the same. B. varia, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 386. Various-leaved Banisteria. Shrub cl. 5 B. SAGITTA'TA (Cav. diss. 9. t. 257. f. 3.) leaves hastately sagittate, downy beneath, acutely angular ; petioles biglandular at the apex ; auricles truncate. Tj . r^, S. Native of St. Do- mingo. Flowers yellow. Arrow-leaved Banisteria. Shrub cl. * " Leaves cordate, entire. 6 B. AURICULA'TA (Cav. diss. 9. p. 428. t. 255.) leaves pro- foundly cordate, somewhat sagittate, smooth, with rounded lobes ; petioles glandular at the apex ; flowers umbellate. \i . °. S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Flowers orange-coloured. Eared-leaved. Banisteria. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 7 B. CILIA'TA (Cav. diss. 9. t. 254. Lam. diet. 1. p. 369.) leaves cordate, orbicular, smooth, ciliated ; petioles biglandular at the apex ; flowers umbellate. \i . rv. S. Native of Brazil. Flowers large, orange-coloured. Leaves glaucous. Ciliated-leaved Banisteria. Clt. 1796. Shrub cl. 8 B. SPLE'NDENS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 588.) leaves cordate, kid- ney-shaped, orbicular, clothed with silky down beneath ; petioles each with 2 glands near the leaf; racemes axillary, dichotomous, umbellate. Jj . /"\ S. Native of South America, particularly of the West India islands.— Sloan, hist. 2. t. 162. f. 2. B. ful- gens, Lam. diet. 1. p. 368. Cav. diss. 9. p. 426. t. 253. B. heterophylla, Willd. spec, 2. p. 742. Floral leaves orbicular and nearly sessile. Flowers yellow. Shining -leaved Banisteria. Clt. 1812. Shrub cl. 9 B. HUMBOLDTIA*NA(D. C. prod. 1. p. 588.) leaves roundish- ovate, cordate, rather acuminated, mucronate, membranaceous, smoothish above, clothed beneath with soft hoary down as well as the branchlets, with 2 glands at the base of each leaf; umbels lateral and terminal, sessile. Tj . r>. S. Native of South Ame- rica between Carthagena and Cerro de la Popa. B. tiliaefolia, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 162. but not of Vent. Flowers yellow. Carpels 2. Humboldfs Banisteria. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl. 10 B. DICHOTOMA (Lin. spec. 612.) leaves cordate or some- what ovate, acuminated, smooth on both surfaces ; petioles each bearing 2 glands near the leaf; umbels axillary, longer than the leaves, dichotomous, somewhat divaricating. I? . ^. S. Native of South America. — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 13. B. convol- vulifolia, Cav. diss. 9. p. 428. t. 256. Flowers of a golden-yel- low colour. Dichotomous-racemed. Banisteria. Shrub cl. 11 B. TIMORIE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 588.) leaves cordate, rarely subovate, acuminated, smooth on both surfaces ; petioles biglandular at the apex ; racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves, dichotomous, somewhat umbellate, fj . ^. S. Native of the Island of Timor. Very like the preceding species. Flowers golden-yellow. Timor Banisteria. Shrub cl. 12 B. EMARGINA TA (Cav. diss. 9. p. 425. t. 249.) leaves ellip- tical, cordate at the base, mucronated at the apex and emarginate, downy beneath; petioles short, each bearing 2 glands near the leaf; racemes terminal and axillary. Jj . ^. S. Native of Gua- daloupe. Flowers yellow. Emurginate-leaved Banisteria. Shrub cl. * * * Leaves ovate or oblong. 13 B. MICROPHY'LLA (Jacq. obs. 3. p. 7. t. 56.) leaves ellip- tical, rounded at both ends, smooth on both surfaces, stiff, on short footstalks ; racemes terminal. Tj . *"*. S. Native of Caro- lina ? Flowers yellow. Small-leaved Banisteria. Shrub cl. 14 B. ? UMBELLUTA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 588.) leaves ellip- tical, rounded at the base, emarginate at the apex, smooth on both surfaces, stiffish ; petioles short, each bearing 2 glands near the leaf; umbels rather corymbose, terminal. T? . ^\ S. Native of St. Domingo. This plant is probably the same as the preceding, but differs in the disposition of the flowers, and the fruit is unknown. Umbellutate-flowered Banisteria. Shrub cl. 15 B. ? FLORIBU'NDA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 589.) leaves oval, obtuse, coriaceous and emarginate, smooth ; petioles pubescent, without glands ; racemes corymbose, stalked, length of leaves. T? . ^. S. Native of Porto-Rico. Flowers large, numerous, yellow. Bundle-flowered Banisteria. Shrub cl. 16 B. SERI'CEA (Cav. diss. 9. p. 429. t. 258.) leaves ovate, obtuse, with a mucrone, younger ones downy on both surfaces, adult ones only on the under surface ; petioles biglandular in the middle ; branches 2-edged ; flowers racemose. Tj . r~'. S. Native of Brazil. The down on the leaves is of a golden-shining colour. Flowers yellow. Silky-leaved Banisteria. Clt. 1810. Shrub cl. 17 B.? TOMENTO'SA (Desf. cat. 160.) leaves ovate, obtuse, with a mucrone, clothed with branched down beneath ; petioles each bearing 2 glands near the leaf; corymbs rather panicled. Jj . /'\ S. Native of the Antilles. Stamens 15, monadelphous at the base, the 5 in front of the petals are larger than the rest, which are nearly abortive. Flowers yellow. Downy-leaved Banisteria. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 18 B. TILLEFOLIA (Vent, choix. t. 50.) leaves orbicular, acu- minated, downy beneath ; petioles elongated, each bearing 2 glands near the leaf; umbels axillary, stalked, compound ; petals nearly sessile. T? . <"> ? S. Native of Java. Flowers purple. Lime-tree-leaved Banisteria. Shrub cl. ? 19 B. QUAPA'RA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 464. 1. 186.) leaves ovate, acute, downy beneath, as well as the petioles, but beset with hairs above, which are fixed by their centre, and drawn out at both ends, which are close-pressed to the leaf ; umbels axillary, stalked ; wings of fruit erect. J; . ^\ S. Native of Guiana, on margins of fields, where it is called Quapara. Flowers yellow. This is a shrub 6 feet in height, putting out many rambling branches. Var. /3, mucronulata (D. C. prod. 1. p. 589.) leaves smaller, mucronate. Jj . ^. S. Native of South America. Quapara Banisteria. Fl. Aug. Shrub cl. 20 B. SINEMARIE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 462. t. 185.) leaves ovate, acuminated, smooth above, but covered with close-pressed bristles beneath, which are fixed by their centre, as well as the petioles, which also bear 2 glands near the leaf; corymbs race- mose, axillary, on long stalks. fj . ^. S. Native of Guiana on the margins of meadows, and of St. Domingo. Cav. diss. 9. t. 251. Flowers yellow. Sinemarian Banisteria. Shrub cl. 21 B. ? LAURIFO'LIA (Lin. spec. 611.) leaves ovate-oblong, acute, somewhat coriaceous, smooth ; petioles without glands ; racemes panicled, terminal, clothed with rusty down ; stigmas halved, f? . r>. S. Native of Jamaica and St. Domingo among bushes on the mountains. Ker, bot. reg. 937. Perhaps a species of Heteropteris. Flowers yellow. Laurel- leaved Banisteria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1733. Shrub climbing. 22 B. MURICA'TA (Cav. diss. 9. p. 423. t. 246. f. 2.) leaves ovate, downy beneath, on short footstalks ; racemes panicled, MALPIGHIACE^E. XVI. BANISTERIA. 645 terminal ; carpels armed with a short prickle on the inside of each. Tj . S. Native of Peru. Flowers yellow. /VzcWy-carpelled Banisteria. Shrub ? 23 B. LEON A (Cav. diss. 9. p. FIG. 109. 424. t. 247. exclusive of the fruit and American species,) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, coria- ceous, netted with veins, smooth, somewhat glaucescent beneath ; petioles without glands, short ; panicles clothed with rufous down, terminal. Tj . S. Native of Sierra Leone among bushes near the river side. Flowers yellow. Fruit brown when ripe. Sierra Leone Banisteria. Fl. Jan. March. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 24 B. MULTIFLORA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 589.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, coriaceous, netted with veins, smooth, shining above, glaucous beneath ; petioles without glands, short ; panicles ter- minal, clothed with rufous down, longer than the leaves; young fruit velvety. Tj . S. Native of Cayenne. Very like B. Lebna. Flowers yellow. Many-flowered Banisteria. Shrub 6 feet. 25 B. MUCRONA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 589.) leaves oval, acu- minated-mucronate, smooth on both surfaces, membranous ; pe- tioles short, each bearing 2 glands at the apex, and are, as well as the nerves of the leaves, clothed with close-pressed down ; corymbs axillary, few-flowered. Tj . ^. S. Native of New Spain. Flowers yellow. 71/ueronafe-leaved Banisteria. Shrub cl. 26 B. FERRUGINEA (Cav. diss. 9. p. 424. t. 248.) leaves ovate, acuminated, smooth above, and shining, rusty beneath, and are, as well as the petioles, clothed with close-pressed hairs ; glands situated on the lower part of the limb of the leaf; racemes panicled ; fruit pubescent, with erect wings. fj . °. S. Native of Brazil. Leaves 2 inches long. Flowers yellow. Var. /3, fulgens (Meyer, prim, esseq. p. 181.) leaves 5 or 6 inches long. I; . *"\ S. Native of Guiana in woods. Flowers yellow. Rusty-leaved Banisteria. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 27 B. PERIPLOC^EFOLIA (Desf. cat. hort. par. ed. 2. p. 160.) leaves ovate or oblong, mucronated, somewhat coriaceous, smootli on both surfaces ; petioles each bearing 2 glands at the apex ; corymbs terminal ; carpels hairy, and crested at the base. Tj . ^\ S. Native of Porto-Rico. Flowers yellow. Var. a, subovata (D. C. prod. ]. p. 589.) leaves ovate-ob- long. Var. (3, angustifdlia(D. C. prod. 1. p. 590.) leaves oblong- linear. Periploca-leaved Banisteria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub cl. 28 B. FU'LGENS (Lin. spec. 612. but not of Cav.) leaves ovate, acuminated, smooth above, and clothed with silky pubescence beneath, as well as the petioles, each of which bear 2 glands at the apex ; branches dichotomous ; flowers in umbellate corymbs ; fruit pubescent ; wings furnished on the inside with a smaller wing. Tj . /~\ S. Native of Guadaloupe. Flowers yellow. Fulgent Banisteria. Clt. 1759. Shrub cl. 29 B. ? BRACHIA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 590.) leaves oval, acuminated, smooth on both surfaces ; petioles without glands ; panicles terminal, furnished with round, opposite bracteas ; ovaries pubescent. Tj . S. Native of Porto-Rico. Flowers yellow. Armed Banisteria. Shrub ? 30 B. ? FAGIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 590.) leaves oval-ob- long, acuminated, smooth, with the middle nerve clothed beneath with close-pressed villi ; petioles biligulate at the apex ; corymbs axillary, dichotomous. 1? . S. Native of Cayenne. Flowers yellow. • Beach-leaved Banisteria. Shrub ? 31 B. ELLI'PTICA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 161.) leaves elliptical, rounded at both ends, pointed, membranous, smooth above, but clothed with adpressed hairs beneath, as well as the branches, and bearing 2 sessile glands at the base of each leaf ; umbels axillary, few-flowered. ^ . ^. S. Native of Peru near Loxa. Flowers probably yellow. Elliptical-leaved Banisteria. Shrub cl. 32 B. LONGIFOLIA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 856.) leaves ob- long, rounded at the base, acuminated at the apex, stiff, shining, on short footstalks ; panicles terminal, with very wide-spread- ing branches. Jj . S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. Flowers yellow. Long-leaved Banisteria. Shrub cl. ? 33 B. PI'CTA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 160.) leaves oblong, narrowed, and acute at the apex, but rounded at the base, thickish, smooth above, but clothed with adpressed hairs beneath, each bearing 2 pea-like glands at the base ; flowers terminal, umbellately-crowded. Tj . (^>. S. Native of New Spain between Carthagena and Panama in humid places. Flowers yellow. Painted Banisteria. Shrub cl. 34 B. MACROCA'RPA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 507.) leaves oblong, acuminated ; spikes of flowers compound ; wings of fruit very broad, obliquely rounded. Tj • S. Native of Martinico. Large-fruited Banisteria. Shrub. 35 B. LEDIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 159.) leaves oblong-linear, rounded at both ends, somewhat mucronate, coriaceous, smooth, shining above ; petioles clothed with silky down ; peduncles terminal and axillary, many-flowered. Tj . r\ S. Native of Cuba near Havannah. Flowers yellow. Ledum-leaved Banisteria. Shrub cl. 36 B. SALICIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 390.) leaves oblong, acute at both ends, clothed with silky down beneath, bearing 2 glands at the top of each petiole ; racemes axillary, somewhat compound, length of leaves. Tj . <~>. S. Native of Brazil. Leaves irregularly opposite, therefore somewhat alternate. Flowers yellow. Willorv-leaved Banisteria. Shrub cl. 37 B. DIVERSIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 159.) leaves elliptical-oblong, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, somewhat mucronate, rounded at the base, coriaceous, smooth and shining above, puberulous beneath, each with 2 sessile glands at the base ; peduncles terminal, twin, many-flowered, f; . /"\ S. Native of Cuba in dry places near Havannah. Diverse-leaved Banisteria. Shrub cl. 38 B. FAuciFibRA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 159.) leaves elliptical-oblong, somewhat pointed, mucronate, rounded at the base, coriaceous, puberulous above, and pubescent be- neath, each furnished with 2 stipitate glands towards the base ; umbels terminal. Tj . S. Native of Cuba near Havannah. Flowers yellow. Ferv-flomered Banisteria. Shrub cl. ? 39 B. OVATA (Cav. diss. 9. p. 429. t. 257. f. 1.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, pubescent beneath ; petioles each bear- ing 2 glands at the apex ; umbels terminal ; fruit hemispherical, with very short wings. Tj . S. Native of the Island of Domi- nique. Vent, choix. in a note, no. 51. t. 51. A. Flowers of a reddish-sulphur colour, with yellow anthers. 0»ate-leaved Banisteria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1810. Shrub cl, 646 MALPIGHIACE^l. XVI. BANISTERIA. XVII. HETEROPTERIS. 40 B. MACRADE NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 590.) leaves oval, bluntly acuminated, coriaceous, smooth on both surfaces ; pe- tioles without glands ; racemes numerous, disposed in a panicle, and clothed with rufous down ; glands of calyx very large. Tj . S. Native of Cayenne or French Guiana. Flowers yellow. Far. ft, Guadalupensis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 590.) racemes large, elongated ; leaves larger, adult fruit also velvety. T? . S. Native of Guadaloupe. Flowers yellow. Large-glanded Banisteria. Shrub cl. ? 41 B. EGLANDULOSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 590.) leaves oval- oblong, acuminated, smooth and shining above ; petioles and calyxes without glands ; racemes panicled, terminal, rusty-vel- vety. Jj . '~>. S. Native of Cayenne or French Guiana. Flowers yellow. Ovary hairy. Styles scarcely dilated at the apex. Fruit unknown. Glandless Banisteria. Shrub cl. 42 B. ? ORINOCE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 162.) leaves oblong, acute, rounded at the base, coriaceous, smooth, as well as the branchlets ; racemes about 5, seated on a common, terminal peduncle. ^ . *~^. S. Native of South Ame- rica on the banks of the river Orinoco near St. Borga. This plant is probably a species of Hirce^a. Flowers yellow. Orinoco Banisteria. Shrub cl. 43 B. ? BRACHY'PTERA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 591.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, acuminated, smooth ; petioles without glands ; branchlets compressed ; umbels terminal, 4-flowered ; carpels 2-3, each terminated by a thick, short wing, fy . S. Native of Cayenne. This plant will probably constitute a distinct genus. Flowers yellow. Skort-rvinged-caripefted Banisteria. Shrub. 44 B. ? PANICULA' TA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 591.) leaves oblong, acuminated; petioles without glands ; peduncles and nerves of leaves clothed with rusty down ; panicle terminal, branched from the base ; wings of fruit divaricating, somewhat concave, and spreading horizontally. Tj . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers yellow ? This plant will probably constitute a distinct genus from the wings of the fruit. Panicled Banisteria. Shrub. 45 B. ? PUBIFLORA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 591.) leaves oval-ob- long, acuminated, coriaceous, smooth ; petioles without glands ; panicle terminal, much-branched, many-flowered, and are, as well as the calyxes, clothed with brown-velvety down. Tj . S. Native of Porto-Rico and Guadaloupe. Flowers yellow. Downy-flowered Banisteria. Shrub ? t Species little known, with whorled leaves; these belong most probably to Fargasia of Bert. 46 B. ? BRE'VIPES (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 591.) leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate, mucronate, rather cordate at the base, villous, 8 times longer than the petiole ; corymbs axillary, few-flowered. Tj . ^. S. Native of Mexico. Fruit unknown. Flowers yellow. Short-stalked Banisteria. Shrub cl. 47 B. ? TERNA'TA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 591.) leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate, rather cordate at the base, mucronately-acuminated, smooth, 3 times longer than the petiole ; umbels axillary, trichotomous. Tj . ^. S. Native of Mexico. Fruit unknown. Flowers yellow. Tmzate-leaved Banisteria. Shrub cl. N. B. B. aculeata of Mill, which has pinnated leaves and axillary prickles, should be removed from this order, but the plant is hardly known. Cult. This genus of shrubs bear for the most part rather ornamental flowers and leaves, but they are extremely difficult to bring into flower in this country. They will grow in sandy loam, or a mixture of loam and peat, and cuttings taken from ripened wood will strike root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XVII. HETERO'PTERIS (from hcpoe, heteros, various, and iTTcpov, pteron, a wing ; wings of carpels various in size and shape). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 163. D. C. prod. 1. p. 591. — Banisterias, with inverted seeds, Cav. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Decandria. The character of this genus is the same as that of Banisteria, but the styles are less dilated at the apex, and the wings of the carpels are thickened on the lower side (as in A^cer,), not on the upper side. 1 H. PITRPU REA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves roundish-ovate, obtuse, somewhat emarginate, smooth, as well as the branches ; petioles biglandular ; racemes axillary and terminal, few-flower- ed ; calyxes clothed with adpressed hairs. Tj . /"\ S. Native of St. Domingo, Porto-Rico, and near Cumana. Banisteria purpurea, Lin. spec. 611. Cav. diss. t. 246. f. 1. — Plum. ed. burm. 1. 15. Flowers purple. Purple-flowered. Heteropteris. Clt. 1759. Shrub cl. 2 H. ? PARViroLiA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 591.) leaves roundish, stiff, pubescent ; petioles without glands ; corymbs few-flowered, terminal ; fruit pubescent. Tj . *"\ S. Native of the Island of St. Thomas. Flowers purple. Very like fl. purpurea in habit. Banisteria parvifolia, Vent, choix. t. 51. Small-leaved Heteropteris. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 3 H. BRACHIA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves obovate, ob- tuse ; branches armed ; flowering branches panicled. ^ . /"1. S. Native of South America. Banisteria brachiata, Lin. spec. 612. Lin. hort. cliff. 169 ? Flowers golden, but at length fade to scarlet. ^rnze<£-panicled Heteropteris. Clt. 1759. Shrub cl. 4 H. CHRYSOPHY'ILA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves ovate, oblong, acutish, somewhat sinuated towards the top, clothed be- neath with golden, shining down ; petioles very short, each bear- ing 2 glands at the apex ; flowers axillary, corymbose. Tj . /"\ S. Native of Brazil and of the Caraccas. Banisteria chrysophylla, Lam. diet. 1. p. 368. Cav. diss. 9. t. 245. Jacq. schcenb. t. 105. Galphimia chrysophylla, Spreng. Flowers deep-orange. Golden-leaved Heteropteris. Clt. 1 793. Shrub cl. 5 H. ARGE'NTEA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves elliptical-ob- long, acuminated, acute at the base, membranous, pubescent above, silvery beneath, as well as the calyxes ; petioles without glands ; panicles axillary and terminal ; flowers in crowded fas- cicles, tj . r>. S. Native of New Granada. Banisteria arg£ntea, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 388. Flowers rose-colour. Silvery-leaved Heteropteris. Shrub cl. 6 H. C^RU'LEA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves ovate, acute, coriaceous, glaucous, on short stalks ; branches tubercled ; racemes axillary ; fruit rather velvety at the base. Jj . ^\ S. Native of Jamaica, Cuba, and St. Domingo. Banisteria caerulea, Lam. diet. 1. p. 367. Cav. diss. 9. p. 421. t. 243. — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 14. Flowers bluish. Blue-fiowered Heteropteris. Clt. 1823. Shrub cl. 7 H. NI'TIDA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, shining above, silvery beneath ; petioles without glands ; panicle terminal, leafy. >j . S. Native of Brazil. Banisteria nitida, Lam. diet. 1. p. 369. Cav. diss. 9. t. 244. Flowers yellow. Far. /3, rufa (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 950.) leaves rufous beneath. Native of Brazil. £Amz'ng-leaved Heteropteris. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1809. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 8 H. ? CORNIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves elliptical, acute at both ends, smooth and shining above, but clothed with MALPIGHIACE.E. XVII. HETEROPTERIS. XVIII. ANOMAIOPTERIS. XIX. NIOTA. ACERINE^. 647 adpressed hairs beneath, and rather glaucous ; petioles without glands ; panicles axillary and terminal ; flowers in racemose corymbs ; calyxes silky. 1? . S. Native of New Granada near Ibague. Banisteria cornifolia, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 388. Flowers rose-coloured. Dogwood-leaved Heteropteris. Shrub. 9 H. PLATY'PTERA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 592.) leaves ovate-ob- long, blunt at both ends, coriaceous, smooth ; petioles very short, without glands ; panicles terminal ; wings of fruit broad. Tj . S. Native of Guadaloupe. Leaves 7-8 inches long, and about 3 in breadth. Flowers yellow. Broad-ninged- fruited Heteropteris. Shrub. 10 H. APPENDICULA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 592.) leaves oval, lengthened into a blunt acumen, somewhat coriaceous, smooth above, and pale beneath, with the nerves clothed with adpressed hairs ; petioles very short, without glands ; corymbs axillary ; carpels each with a wing-like appendage on the inside at the base. Tj . ^ ? S. Native of the Island of St. Vincent, where it is probably cultivated. Banisteria appendiculata, Lamb. herb. Flowers yellow ? j4ppendiculate-ca.rpe\leA Heteropteris. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. ? 11 H. ? FLORIBU'NDA (H.B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 166.) leaves oblong, acute at both ends, somewhat coriaceous, smooth ; branches and petioles clothed with rusty down, as well as the axillary and terminal panicles ; petioles without glands. Tj . S. Native of Mexico on the mountains. Very like H. coe- ruleu, but the fruit is unknown. Flowers bluish ? Bundle-flowered Heteropteris. Clt. 1824. Shrub. 12 H. ? LONGIFO'LIA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves oblong, acute at both ends, rather coriaceous, smooth ; petioles without glands ; panicles axillary, and are, as well as the calyxes, clothed with rusty down, glandular ; flowers racemose. *2 • S. Native near the city of Mexico. Flowers yellow ? Long-leaved Heteropteris. Shrub. Cult. These shrubs will thrive 'well in sandy loam, or a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and cuttings taken from ripened wood will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XVIII. ANOMALO'PTERIS (from avojuoj, anomos, sin- gular, and irrepov, pteron, a wing ; fruit with unequal wings.) LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, unguiculate, with roundish, fringed limbs, upper one largest. Stamens 10. Anthers sagittate, obtuse. Styles 2, filiform. Samarae 2, 1 -seeded, each ending in a wing at the apex, thickened on the outer side. — Shrubs with alternate leaves, by which it dif- fers from all the rest of the genera in this order, and yellow flowers. 1 A. SPICA'TA ; leaves oval-oblong, acuminated, smooth, en- tire ; racemes simple, spike-formed, terminal. J? . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Heteropteris Smeathmanni, D. C. prod. 1. p. 592. (v. s. herb. Lamb.) Spiked-flowered. Anomalopteris. Shrub 8 feet. 2 A. OBOVAVTA ; leaves obovate, entire, rounded at the top, veiny, smooth ; petioles covered with rusty down, as well as the racemes, which are simple and lateral. Tj . S. Native of Sierra Leone, (v. s. herb. Lamb.) Obovate-leaved Anomalopteris. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 3 A. LONGIFOLIA^ leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire, with re- pand margins ; flowers in terminal spicate racemes. Tj . S. Na- tive of Guinea. Flowers pale-yellow. Long-leaved Anomalopteris. Shrub 8 feet. Cult. See Heteropteris for cultivation and propagation. t A genus allied to Malpighiacece. XIX. NIO'TA {Karin njotti is the name of one of the N. pentapetala in Malabar). Lam. ill. t, 299. D. C. prod. 1. p. 592. — Samadera, Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 352. t. 156. — Biporieia, Pet. Th. gen. mad. p. 14. LIN. SYST. Octo-Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-5-parted, permanent, with the 2 outer lobes glandular. Petals 4-5, ob- tuse, much longer than the calyx. Stamens 8-10, free, hypo- gynous, furnished with a scale at the base. Ovary turbinate, 4 or 5-lobed at the apex. Style 1, filiform, rising from between the lobes. Capsules 4-5, or from abortion only 1-3, compressed, 1-celled, 1-seeded. — Shrubs, with alternate leaves. Perhaps this genus is allied to Banisteria or Balanopteris. But accord- ing to Jussieu the fruit is referable to Ochnacece or Simarubaceee. 1 N. TETRAPE'TALA (Lam. ill. t. 299.) flowers 4-petalled, octandrous. Tj . S. Native of Madagascar. Mauduita pen- duliflora, Comm. ined. Vittmannia elliptica, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 51. t. 62. Leaves oval, rather coriaceous, veiny. Lateral pe- duncles nodding, bearing 5-7 1-flowered pedicels at the top. Flowers with the petals yellow, red, and white mixed. Four-petalled Niota. Clt. 1820. Tree 30 feet. 2 N. PENTAPE'TALA (Poir. diet. 4. p. 490.) flowers of 5 petals, pentandrous. Ij . S. Native of Malabar. — Karin njotti, Rheed. mal. 6, t. 18. Peduncles long, pendulous, nodding, umbellately many-flowered. Perhaps only a variety of the preceding. Flowers variegated. Fruit intensely bitter. Five-petalled Niota. Tree 36 feet. Cult. These trees will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and cuttings taken from ripened wood will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. ORDER XL VI. ACERI'NE^E. D. C. Theor. ed. 2. p. 477. — A'cera, Juss. gen. 50. ann. mus. 18. p. 477. exclusive of sec- tions 1 and 3. D. C. prod. 1. p. 593. — Avcer, Tourn. inst. 386. Lin. gen. no. 1115. Gsert. fruct. 2. p. 166. t. 116. Calyx 5, rarely 4-9-parted. Petals about the same number, inserted round the hypogynous disk, alternating with the caly- cine lobes, usually self-coloured, rarely wanting. Stamens in- serted in the hypogynous disk, usually 8 in number, rarely 5-12; anthers oblong. Ovary twin. Style 1. Stigmas 2. Fruit constantly of 2 carpels (rarely 3), which are at length separable, indehiscent, samara-like, 1-celled, 1-2-seeded, compressed, end- ing at top in a membranous, diverging wing, which is thickened on the outer side. Seeds oblong, fixed to the base of the cell. Seed-cover rather fleshy. Albumen wanting. Embryo curved or convolute, with leafy, irregularly-wrinkled cotyledons and a roundish radicle, which is directed to the base of the cell. — Valuable timber-trees, with opposite, usually simple leaves, as in Malpighiacece, rarely compound, as in Hippocastdnece and Sapindacece. Flowers inconspicuous, racemose or corymbose, axillary, usually dioecious or polygamous from abortion, and sometimes without petals. All the species abound in saccharine sap, from which sugar may be prepared. This order is truly intermediate between the two preceding and the two following, but is easily distinguished from them in the flowers being mo- noecious, dioecious or polygamous, never hermaphrodite. Synopsis of the Genera. 1 AVCER. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-lobed. Stamens 7-9, rarely 5. Leaves simple, usually lobed. 2 NEGU'NDO. Flowers dioecious. Calyx unequally 4-5- toothed. Anthers 4-5, linear, sessile. Leaves pinnate. 648 ACERINEJE. I. ACER. 3 DOBINEA. Flowers monoecious. Calyx campanulate, 4- toothed. Stamens 8, connate into a column around the sterile style. Leaves simple. I. AVCER (acer, in Latin, signifies hard or sharp, which comes from ac, a point, in Celtic. The name is applied to this genus because the wood is extremely hard, and was formerly much sought after for the purpose of making pikes and lances, &c.). Mcench. meth. 334. and Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 253. — A'cer, spec. Lin. gen. no. 1115. D. C. prod. 1. p. 593. LIN. SYST. Polygdmia, Monoecia. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-lohed, sometimes 5-parted. Stamens rarely 5, but usually 7-9. Leaves simple, usually lobed. Flowers of all greenish or greenish-yellow. § 1 . Flowers racemose. * Leaves simple. 1 A. OBLONGUM (Wall, in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 593.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, quite entire, coriaceous, smooth, rounded at the base ; racemes compound ; wings of fruit pa- rallel, smooth, separated. ^ . H. Native of Nipaul at Narain- hetty. Leaves rather glaucous on the under surface. Young fruit hairy on the disk, with smooth short wings. A. lauri- folium, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 249. A. Buzimpala, Hamilt. mss. Flowers pale-yellow. This tree is called in Nipaul Moogila and Buzimpala. Oblong-leaved Maple. Fl. Feb. Clt. 1824. Tree 20 feet. 2 A. LEVIGA'TUM (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 3. t. 104.) leaves oblong, acuminated, serrulated, shining, smooth ; corymbs ter- minal ; petals cuneated ; wings of fruit diverging, cultriform. Tj . H. Native of Nipaul on high mountains. Flowers white. Smoothed-]eaved Maple. Tree 40 feet. 3 A. TATA'RICUM (Lin. spec. 1495.) leaves cordate, undivided, serrated, with obsolete lobes ; racemes compound, crowded, erect ; wings of fruit parallel, young ones puberulous. I? . H. Native of Tartary — Pall. fl. ross. t. 3. Tratt. arch. 1. no. 1. with a figure. Wats. dend. brit. 160. Corolla white. Tartarian Maple. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1759. Tr. 20 ft. * * Leaves 3-loled or trifid, very rarely 5-lobed. 4 A. STRIA' TUM (Lam. diet. 2. p. 381.) leaves cordate, 3- lobed, acuminated, finely and acutely serrated ; racemes simple, pendulous ; petals oval ; fruit smooth, with the wings rather diverging. ?j . H. Native of North America from Canada to Carolina. Mich. fil. arb. 2. t. 17. A. Pennsylvanicum, Lin. spec. 1496. Tratt. arch. 1. no. 11. with a figure. A. Cana- dense, Duh. arb. 1. 1. 12. Mill. t. 7. Trunk elegantly striped with white lines. Flowers greenish-yellow. There is a variety of this tree with undivided leaves, but it is extremely rare. /Striped-barked Maple. Fl. May. Ju. Clt. 1755. Tr. 20 ft. 5 A. SPICA'TUM (Lam. diet. 2. p. 381.) leaves cordate, 3 or slightly 5-lobed, acuminated, pubescent beneath, unequally and coarsely serrated ; racemes compound, erect ; petals linear ; fruit smooth, with the wings rather diverging. >j . H. Native of Canada and the Allegheny mountains. A. montanum, Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 435. Tratt. arch. 1. no. 13. with a figure. A. Penn- sylvanicum, Duroi. harbk. t. 2. A. parviflorum, Ehrh. Flowers very small, greenish-yellow. Spiked-fiov/ered Maple. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1750. Tree 25 feet. 6 A. HY'BRIDUM (Bosc. diet. agr. 5. p. 251.) leaves rather cordate, somewhat coriaceous, smooth, profoundly trifid, with the lobes unequally and coarsely toothed ; racemes pendulous ; fruit smooth with diverging wings. Jj . H. Native of? Flowers greenish-yellow. Hybrid Maple. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? Tree 20 feet. * * * Leaves 5-lobed. 7 A. PSEU'DO-PLA'TANUS (Lin. spec. 1469.) leaves cordate, smooth, with 5 acuminated, unequally-toothed lobes ; racemes pendulous, rather compound, with the rachis as well as the fila- ments of stamens hairy ; fruit smooth, with the wings rather diverging. 1? . H. Native of Europe, particularly in Switzer- land, Germany, Austria, and Italy in wooded mountainous situa- tions. Duh. arb. 1. t. 36. Tratt. arch. 1. no. 2. with a figure. Schm. arb. 1. p. 3. 4. Flowers yellowish-green. A large tree, usually clear of branches to a considerable height. It was for- merly much planted for walks and avenues, but has given way to better and more sightly trees. However this tree with some other species are peculiarly proper for making plantations near the sea, or to shelter other trees in that situation, for they resist the spray better than most trees. It grows sometimes to 13 or 14 feet in girth. Before earthenware came into use at the table, the wood of the Sycamore, which is soft and white, was in much request for trenchers. It is still used by turners for bowls, dishes, &c., by saddlers for saddle-trees, and is recommended as excellent for cart and plough-timber, being light and tough. It is, however, inferior to the ash for these purposes. It is a quick growing tree. In spring and autumn this tree will pour forth, from the wounded stem, in the same manner as the birch, abund- ance of saccharine juice, from which sugar and good wine may be made, as Ray affirms from the information of Dr. Martin Lister. The tree in England is vulgarly called Sycamore-tree and by some Mock-plane. In Scotland it is known by the ap- pellation of Plane-tree. Var. ft, variegata ; leaves variegated. Var. y, subobtusum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 594.) lobes of leaves blunter ; fruit and wings larger. A. opulifolium. Thuil. fl. par. 538. A. vitlfolium, Opiz. Var. e, lacinidtum (Loud. hort. brit. p. 412.) lobes of leaves jagged. Schm. arb. 1. 5. Mock-plane-tree, Sycamore, or Great Maple. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1683. Tree 30 to 60 feet. 8 A. VILLOSUM (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 4.) leaves cordate, 5-lobed, villous beneath as well as the petioles ; lobes ovate, acute ; racemes lateral ; buds and young leaves silky-villous ; petals bearded at the apex ; fruit villous, with straightish cultri- form, crenulated wings. Jj . H. Native of the high Alps near to perpetual snow in Sirmore and Kamaoon. Flowers fragrant. Villous Maple. Tree 50 feet. 9 A. CAUDA'TUM (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 4.) leaves cordate, 5-lobed, pubescent beneath, and villous in the axils of the veins and nerves, but when aged smooth ; lobes ovate, acuminated, doubly serrated ; serratures awned ; racemes smooth ; wings of fruit diverging, fj . H. Native of Nipaul towards Gosaings- than. A.pectinatum, Wall. mss. 7az7e; . H. Native of North America on the banks of rivers, particularly in Georgia near St. Augustin. jE'sculus macrostachya, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 220. Jacq. eclog. 1. t. 9. JE. parviflora, Walt. car. 128. Pavia alba, Poir. diet. 5. p. 95. Pavia edulis, Poit. abr. fr. t. 88. — Coll. hort. rip. t. 19. A small shrub, with long racemes of small, very ornamental, white flowers. Roots stoloniferous. The whole of the North American species of this genus, as well HIPPOCASTANE.E. II. PAVIA. RHIZOBOLE^E. I. CARYOCAR. 653 as those of the preceding, are known in their places of natural growth under the name of Buck's-eye tree. Long-spiked 'Pavia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Shrub 6 ft. 2 P. RU'BRA (Lam. illus. t. 273.) capsules unarmed ; stamens shorter than the 4-petalled corolla ; leaflets 5, elliptical-oblong, acute at both ends, and are, as well as the petioles, smooth, but pilose at the origin of the nerves beneath. Tj . H. Native of North America in fertile valleys on the mountains of Virginia and Carolina ; said also to be a native of Brazil and Japan, ^'sculus Pavia, Lin. spec. 488. Wats. dend. brit. t. 120. Duham. arb. 2. t. 19. Flowers of a dirty-scarlet colour in loose racemes. Usually a shrub, but sometimes a small tree. tfed-flowered Pavia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1711. Shrub 4 feet. Tree 12 feet. 3 P. DI'SCOLOR ; capsule unarmed ; leaflets 5, acuminate at both ends, tomentose beneath, unequally serrulated ; raceme thyrsoid, many-flowered; corolla of 4 conniving petals, with their claws the length of the calyx ; stamens 7, shorter than the corolla. T; . H. Native of North America, principally in the western territory of Georgia, .flS'sculus discolor, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 255. Ker, bot. reg. 310. Flowers variegated with white, yellow, and purple. Two-coloured-\eaved Pavia. Fl. May. Clt. 1812. Sh. 4 ft. 4 P. HY'BRIDA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 598.) capsules unarmed; stamens shorter than the 4-petalled corolla ; petioles smooth ; leaflets 5, elliptical-oblong, acuminated at both ends, and clothed with velvety pubescence beneath. Tj.H. Native of North America, principally in the western territory of Georgia. ^E's- culus hybrida, D. C. hort. monsp. 1813. p. 75. Flowers varie- gated with yellow, white and purple, disposed in thyrsoid race- mes. Truly an intermediate plant between P. rubraandP.Jlava. Hybrid Pavia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. Shrub 4 feet. 5 P. Hu^Miiis (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 143.) capsules unarmed ; stem decumbent ; leaflets 5, lanceolate, stalked, un- equally serrated, pubescent beneath ; calyx cylindrically-funnel- shaped and pubescent, as well as the convolute corolla ; stamens inclosed, a little longer than the calyx. Tj . H. s Native of North America. ^E'sculus humilis, Lodd. cat. Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1018. Flowers blood-coloured, in loose terminal racemes. This plant is propagated by suckers. Humble Pavia. Fl. May, June. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 6 P. FLA'VA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 598.) capsules unarmed; sta- mens shorter than the 4-petalled corolla ; petioles pubescent, flattish above ; leaflets 5-7, elliptical-oblong, acute at both ends, pubescent beneath, as well as the nerves on the upper surface. T? . H. Native of North America in the mountains of Virginia and Carolina, and the woods of Kentucky, .fli'sculus flava, Ait. hort. kew, 1. p. 494. JE. lutea, Wangh. in act. nat. scrut. berl. 8. p. 133. t. 6. Pavia lutea, Poir. diet. 5. p. 94. Flowers pale- yellow disposed in thyrsoid racemes. Yellow-Qovtered Pavia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1764. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 7 P. NEGLE'CTA (G. Don, inLoud. hort. brit. p. 143.) capsules unarmed, but the ovary is tomentose ; leaflets 5, lanceolate, ser- rulated, tapering to the base, flat, rather plicate, smooth beneath, but pilose in the axils of the veins ; calyx campanulate, obtusely 5-toothed, about the length of the pedicel ; stamens rather longer than the corolla ; superior petal veined. 1? . H. Native of North America. ^E'sculus neglecta, Lindl. bot. reg. 1009. Leaves with rufous down on the veins on the upper side. Flowers pale-yellow, veined with red disposed in thyrsoid racemes. Neglected Pavia. Fl. May, June. Tree 20 feet. Cult. This genus is composed of shewy flowering shrubs and trees, well adapted for shrubberies. They will thrive well in any soil, but the more loamy the better. They may be in- creased by layers put down in the spring, or by grafting or bud- ding on the -common horse-chesnut. Seeds, when they can be procured, should be sown singly in rows, in the month of March or April, about an inch under ground ; and when the plants are of sufficient size, they should be planted out where they are in- tended to remain. ORDER XL VIII. RHIZOBO'LE-E. D. C. prod. 1. p. 599. Calyx usually of 5 sepals (f. 110. a.), rarely of 6, more or less connected at the base, therefore it is commonly called 5-6- parted or 5-6-cleft. Petals unequal, usually 5 (f. 110. 6.), rarely 8, alternating with the sepals when the same number, inserted into the hypogynous disk with the stamens, and adnate to their tube. Stamens very numerous, disposed in a double order on the disk, inner series usually shortest, with sterile anthers, with the filaments monadelphous at the base, the rest filiform, awl- shaped, with round anthers. Ovary free, subglobose (f. 110. e.), somewhat tetragonal, 4-celled, 4-seeded. Styles 4 (f. 110. d.) 5-6. Stigmas simple. Fruit containing 4 adglutinated nuts, but usually fewer from abortion (f. 110. /.). Nuts indehiscent, 1- celled, covered with a hard shell, which is beset with bristles out- side. Almonds or seeds kidney- shaped, keeled on the back, ex- albuminous, tapering to both ends. Funicle dilated into a spongy 2-lobed caruncle. Embryo with a very large ascending ra- dicle, which is the substance of the almond eaten, and with very small, ovate-lanceolate, leafy cotyledons, lying in the furrow of the radicle. — Trees with opposite, stalked, palmate, stipulate leaves, composed of 3-5 leaflets, and racemose bract- less flowers. This is a very distinct order, approaching on one hand the Terebinthacece, and especially with Mangifera, but from the hypogynous insertion of the petals and stamens and form of fruit it comes more near to Sapindacece. It agrees also with HippocastanecB in the leaves being opposite, as well as being palmately compound, but in Hippocastdnece the radicle is small and the cotyledons are large, but on the contrary in R hi- zobolea: the radicle is large and the cotyledons are small, but it differs also in the large regular flowers, and in the number of stamens. In both these orders the substance of the albumen appears as if it was consumed by various parts of the embryo. The order is remarkable for containing the Soari Saouari or Sunarrorv-nut and Butter-nut. The first is not unfrequent in fruiterers' shops. It is sweet and palatable. I. CARYO'CAR (from Kapvov, caryon, a nut. The species bear large fruit containing eatable nuts). Lin. mant. 247. D. C. prod. 1. p. 599. — Rhizobolus, Gsert. fruct. 2. p. 93.— Pekea and Saouari, Aubl. guian. l.p. 594 and 599. LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Tetra-Hexagynia. Calyx 5 (f. 110. a.) -6-"parted. Petals 5 (f. 110. 6.) -8. Stamens numerous, monadelphous at the base. Styles 4 (f. 110. d.) 5-6. Ovary 5-6-celled ; cells 1-ovulate. Drupe containing 4-5 reticulated hispid nuts, or from abortion 1-2 (f. 110. 6.) or 3. § 1, Saoudri (the name of C. glabrum in Guiana}. Aubl. guian. 1. p. 599. D. C. prod, 1. I. c. Leaves trifoliate. 1 C. NUCIFERUM (Lin. mant. 247.) leaves trifoliate ; leaflets 654 RHIZOBOLEjE. I. CARYOCAR. SAPINDACE^E. elliptical-lanceolate, obscurely ser- FIG. 110. rated, smooth ; calyx and corolla purple ; petals 5 ; stamens very numerous, white ; anthers oblong, yellow ; drupe about the size of a man's head. 1? . S. Native of South America, Berbice, Essequi- bp. Hook, bot. mag. t. 2727 and 2728. Rhizobolus Pekea, Gsertn. fruct. p. 93. t. 98. f. 1. R. tuber- eulosus, Smith, in Rees' cycl. A- mygdala Guianensis, Clus. exot. p. 276. f. 1. The nuts of this tree are sold in fruit-shops under the name of Saouari Survarrom, or Su- ivarra-nut, or Butter-nut. The fruit is 4 -celled, containing 1 nut in each, embedded in white pulp, they are of a round kid- ney-shaped figure, compressed on one side. The shell of the nut is very hard and tubercled. The kernel or seed, which is the part eaten, is covered by a red-brown membrane, internally pure white, soft, and fleshy, and rather oily, which is of a very agreeable flavour. Nut-bearing or Common Suwarrow-nut. Clt 1825. Tree 100 feet. 3 C. GLA'BRUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 84.) leaves trifoliate, smooth ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, a little toothed ; drupe about the size of a hen's egg. Tj . S. Native of Guiana in the woods. Saouari jjlabra, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 599. t. 241. Rhizobolus Saouari, Corr. ann. mus. 8. p. 394. t. 5. f. 2. Flowers whitish. Kernels of nuts eatable. The fruit of this tree is sold in the markets of Cayenne under the name of Saouari. Smooth Suwarrow-nut. Tree 100 feet. 3 C. VILLOSUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 84.) leaves trifoliate; leaflets ovate, roundish, rather acute, tomentose beneath. T? . S. Native of Guiana in woods. Saouari villosa, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 599. t. 241. Flowers and fruit unknown. Ft7/oMs-leaved Butter-nut. Tree 100 feet. 4 C. BRASILIE'NSE (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 822. t. 67.) leaves trifoliate ; leaflets obovate-oblong, sinuately-toothed, tomentose beneath. T? . S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of St. Paul and Minas Geraes, where it is called by the inhabitants Pequi. A small tree with a twisted stem. Petals coloured with saffron and rose-colour on the outside. Brazilian Butter-nut. Tree 20 feet. 5 C. AMYGDALIFERUM (Cav. icon. 4. p. 37. t. 361 and 362.) leaves trifoliate, smooth ; leaflets lanceolate, serrated, with a fascicle of hairs at the origin of each nerve beneath ; anthers roundish. Tj . S. Native of South America in the woods of Maraquita in Santa Fe de Bogota. This tree grows to the height of 180 to 240 feet. Flowers greenish-yellow. Styles 2. Kernels of nuts eatable, with the taste of almonds. Almond-bearing Butter-nut. Tree 240 feet. 6 C. AMYDALIFO'RME (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 570.) leaves trifoliate ; leaflets oblong, acuminated, sinuately toothed ; flowers corymbose, terminal ; styles 3 ; fruit globose ; nuts muricated. T? . S. Native of Peru. The kernels of the nuts taste like almonds. Almond-like Butter-nut. Tree 100 feet. § 2. PE'KEA (the name of C. butyrosum in Guiana). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 594. D. C. prod. 1. c. Leaves of 5 leaflets. 7 C. BUTYRO'SUM (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1243.) leaves of 5 smooth, oval-lanceolate, acuminated, entire leaflets; drupe smooth. >2 . S. Native of Guiana in woods. Pekea butyrosa, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 594. t. £38. Lam. ill. t. 486. Flowers in terminal corymbs, with 5 white petals, 6 -parted calyx, and yel- low anthers. This tree is cultivated for its nuts in Cayenne, which are esculent, and taste somewhat like a Brazil-nut. The wood is useful. Butter-nut. Tree 80 feet. 8 C. TOMENTO^SUM (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1244.) leaves of 5 oval, acuminated, entire leaflets, which are tomentose beneath ; drupes clothed with blunt tubercles, fj . S. Native of Guiana in woods. Pekea tuberculosa, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 397. t. 239. Flowers white, in terminal bunches. Kernels of nuts sweet and eatable, but not so buttery as those of the preceding. Tomentose-leaved Butter-nut. Clt. 1820. Tree 100 feet. Cult. These fine fruit-trees are of easy culture when once introduced, but they are truly difficult to import. The way to succeed is by. planting the seeds in boxes of mould in the countries of their natural growth, and when these seeds have vegetated, and the' plants arrived at a proper strength, they should then be sent off) at a time when they will arrive in the summer in this country. They will all thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. Seeds soon become rancid. ORDER XLIX. SAPINDA'CE^ (plants agreeing with Sa- pmdus in important characters). Juss. ann. mus. 18. p. 476. — Sapindi, Juss. gen. 246. Flowers polygamous. Male ones with the calyx more or less profoundly 4-5-parted or 4-5-sepalled (f. 111. a.); imbricate in aestivation. Petals 4 (f. 111. 6.) -5, rarely wanting, alter- nating with the sepals, inserted in the receptacle, sometimes naked, sometimes furnished with an appendage on the inside, imbricate in aestivation. Disk fleshy, sometimes occupying the bottom of the calyx, regular, nearly entire, expanded at the apex between the petals and stamens, sometimes glandular, in- complete, with the glands situated between the petals and the stamens. Stamens 8 (f. 111. c.) -10, rarely 5-6-7, but very rarely 20, sometimes inserted in the disk, sometimes in the receptacle, between the glands and the pistil ; filaments free, or connected at the very base ; anthers bursting inwards lengthwise. Rudiment of a pistil small or wanting. Herma- phrodite flowers with the calyx, petals, stamens, and disk, as in the male flowers. Ovary 3-celled, rarely 2- 4-celled; cells 1-2- 3, rarely many-ovulate. Style undivided (f. 111. rf.), or more or less profoundly 3-cleft, rarely 2-cleft. Ovulae erect or as- cending when there is only one in each cell, rarely, as in Hypelate, suspended ; when there are 2 in each cell the superior one is erect or ascending, the inferior one suspended. Fruit sometimes capsular, opening at the cells or dissepiments, 2-3-valved, some- times samaroid, sometimes fleshy and indehiscent. Seeds usually arillate. Outer covering crustaceous or membranous, inner one pellucid. Albumen wanting. Embryo rarely straight, usually curved or spirally convolute. Radicle pointing towards the hilum. Cotyledons incumbent, joined together into a thick mass. Plumule 2-leaved. — This order is composed of trees and shrubs, often climbing, and furnished with tendrils, rarely climb- ing herbs. The leaves are alternate, usually compound, rarely simple, stipulate or exstipulate, usually marked with pellucid lines or dots. The flowers are disposed in racemes or racemed panicles ; they are small, white, or rose-coloured, rarely yellow. The most prominent distinctive peculiarity of this order con- SAPINDACE.E. 655 sists in the petals being each furnished on the inside with an ad- ditional scale or a tuft of hairs instead. The only plant in this order which will bear the climate of England is Kcelreuteria pa- niculata, a beautiful tree, with panicles of yellow flowers. Many of the species of Nephelium bear excellent fruit, as well as the Bllghia sapida and Melicocca bijilga. The rind of the fruit of many species of Sapmdus is used instead of soap, in the places of their natural growth. Synopsis of the Genera, SECTION I. SAPI'NDE^ (Cambess. in mem. mus. 19. p. 18.) Ovary con- taining one ovula in each cell. Embryo curved, rarely straight. * Climbing shrubs or herbs, furnished with tendrils. The upper or fifth petal absent, and with its seat vacant. 1 CARDIOSPE'RMUM. Sepals 4, unequal. Petals 4, furnished each with a scale on the inside, and with 2 glanos^on the disk, opposite the lower petals. Stamens 8, unequal. Style profoundly trifid. Capsule trigonal, membranous, bladdery, 3-celled, 3- seeded. Seeds fixed to the central placenta. 2 URVI'LLEA. Sepals 5, unequal. Petals 4, furnished with scales above the base inside, and with 4 glands opposite the petals. Stamens 8. Style trifid. Capsule membranous, 3-winged, blad- dery, 3-celled, or composed of 3 indehiscent, 1 -seeded carpels, fixed to the central axis. 3 SERJA'NIA. Sepals 4 (f. 111. a.) -5, unequal. Petals 4 (f. 111. &,), furnished each with a scale above the base on the inside, and with 2-4 glands at the base of the petals. Stamens 8. Style trifid (f. 111. d.). Capsule membranous, 3-winged (f. 111./.), composed of 3 carpels, fixed to the filiform axis, which are drawn out each at the base into a wing, but 1-celled and 1 -seeded at the apex. 4 PAULLI'NIA. Sepals 4-5, unequal. Petals 4, furnished each with a scale above the base, with 2-4 glands at the base of the petals. Stamens 8. Style trifid. Capsule pear-shaped, trigonal, usually with 3 short wings at the apex, 3-celled, 3-valved.. Seeds fixed to the central axis at the bottom of the cells, half covered by a 2-lobed aril. 5 ENOUREA. Calyx 4-parted, unequal. Petals 4, inserted in the calyx ? furnished each with a scale on the inside at the claws, with 2 glands at the base of the larger petals. Stamens 13i connate at the base. Stigmas 3. Capsule spherical, 3-valved, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed enwrapped in mealy pulp. * * Upright trees and shrubs. 6 TOULI CIA. Calyx 5-parted, unequal. Petals 5, furnished each with a long, 2-parted, pilose appendage at the base inside. Stamens 8. Style trifid. Fruit 3-winged, composed of 3 car- pels, adnate to the central axis, each drawn out in a wing at the base, and 1-celled, 1-seeded at the apex. 7 SCHMIDE'LIA. Calyx 4-parted, unequal. Petals 4, naked, or furnished each with a scale above the claw, with 4 glands on the disk, opposite the petals. Stamens 8. Style bifid or trifid, seated between the lobes of the ovary. Fruit indehiscent, 1-2, rarely 3-lobed ; lobes roundish, fleshy or dry. 8 IRI'NA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, naked. Disk emar- ginate. Stamens 5. Style crowned by an obtuse stigma. Car- pel solitary from abortion, dry, indehiscent. Seed solitary, without aril. 9 PRO'STEA. Calyx 5-parted, unequal. Petals 5, furnished each with a small scale on the inside at the base. Stamens 20. Style undivided, seated between the lobes of the ovary. Ovary 3- lobed; lobes of 3, 1-ovulate cells. Fruit indehiscent, fleshy, 1- lobed from abortion, as well as 1-celled. 10 LEPISA'NTHES. Sepals 4, unequal. Petals 4-5, furnished each with a scale on the inside. Disk emarginate. Stamens 8. Ovary trigonal, 3-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Style almost wanting, crowned by an obtuse stigma. Drupe tetragonal, containing a 3-celled, 3-seeded nut. 11 SAPI'NDUS. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, naked or furnished each with a scale. Stamens 8-10. Style undivided. Stigma terminal, 3, rarely 2-lobed. Fruit fleshy, 1 -2-lobed from abor- tion, rarely 3-lobed ; lobes 1-2, rarely 3-seeded. 12 ERIOGLO'SSUM. Sepals 5, unequal. Petals 4, furnished each with a strap-like, bifid, villous appendage inside. Stamens 8, unequal, villous. Style crowned by an obtuse stigma. Ovaries 3, 1-seeded. . Carpels 3, elliptical, baccate, connate at the base, but usually solitary from abortion. 13 MOULI'NSIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 4, furnished each with a cucullate scale on the inside. Disk 4-lobed. Stamens 8. Style crowned by a 3-lobed stigma, seated between the lobes of the ovary. Fruit 3-lobed, or from abortion only 2-lobed, 2-3- celled. 14 CUPAVNIA. Calyx 5-cleft or 5-parted. Petals 5, furnished each with a small scale above the base. Stamens 10, or 5-9 from abortion. Style trifid or undivided. Capsule pear-shaped, 2-3-angled, 2-3-valved, 2-3-celled, 2-3-seeded. Seeds aril- late. 15 HARPU'LIA. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5. Stamens 5, alter- nating with the petals. Style short, crowned by a 2-lobed stigma. Capsule 2-celled. Seeds solitary, arillate. Disk fleshy, villous. 16 BLIGHIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, hardly appendiculate at the base. Style trifid. Fruit 3-lobed, fleshy. Seeds solitary, seated on a thick fleshy aril. 17 TALISIA. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, furnished each with a pilose scale above the base, nearly equalling the limb. Disk very fleshy. Stamens 8. Stigma nearly sessile, obsoletely 3-toothed. Ovary 3-4-celled, 3-4-seeded. Seeds fixed to the bottom of the cells. 1 8 STADMA'NNIA. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals wanting. Sta- mens 8. Style short, crowned by a trigonal stigma. Berry globose, 1-celled, 1-seeded from abortion. 19 MATA'YBA. Calyx deeply 5-cleft, with short appendages on the inside at the base. Stamens 8. Stigma subsessile, some- what 3-toothed. Ovary 2-celled, 2-ovulate. Ovulse fixed to the central axis at the middle of the cells, ascending. 20 NEPHE'LIUM. Calyx 5-6- toothed. Petals 5-6, rarely wanting, densely pilose inside. Stamens 8-10, rarely 6. Style crowned by a 2-3-lobed stigma. Ovary obcordate, didymous, C56 SAPINDACE^E. I. CARDIOSPERMUM. 2-celled. Fruit indehiscent, usually 1-lobed from abortion, the other one being abortive, tubercled or muricated, rarely smooth. Seeds thick, covered by a thick fleshy aril. 21 THOUI'NIA. Calyx 4-5-parted. Petals 4-5, naked. Sta- mens 8-10. Style crowned by a trifid stigma, seated between the lobes of the ovary. Fruit of 3 carpels, adnate to the central axis, each drawn out into a wing both at the top and the back, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded. 22 HYPELA'TE. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, and wanting, naked inside. Stamens 8-10. Style short, crowned by a 2-3- lobed stigma. Ovary 2-3-celled, 2-3-ovulate ; ovulae pendulous. Fruit dry, indehiscent, 1 -2-celled from abortion. 23 APHA'NIA. Calyx 4-parted, unequal. Petals 4, ciliated, with 2 little scales at the base of each on the inside. Stamens 5. Ovary ovate, compressed, 2-celled, 2-seeded. Style nearly wanting, crowned by an emarginate stigma. 24 MELICO'CCA. Calyx 4-5-parted. Petals 4-5, naked in- side and wanting. Stamens 8-10. Style crowned by 2-3-lobed stigma. Ovary 2-3-lobed, 2-3-celled, 2-3-seeded. Fruit fleshy, 1 -2-celled, 1 -2-seeded from abortion. Seeds covered by a fleshy substance. SECTION II. DODONJEA'CEJE (Cambess. in mem. mus. 19. p. 33.) Cells of ovary containing 2-3-ovulce (f. 112. g.). Embryo spirally twisted. 25 KOZLREUTE'RIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 3-4, furnished each with a small, 2-parted appendage at the base. Disk fleshy. Stamens 8, rarely 5-6-7. Style truncate or acutish at the apex. Capsule bladdery, 1 -celled above, but 3-celled below, 3-valved ; valves seminiferous beneath the middle. 26 COSSI'GNIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 4, naked inside. Stamens 5-6. Style crowned by a capitellate stigma. Ovary 3- celled ; cells 3-ovulate. Capsule 3-valved, 3-celled ; cells 2-3- seeded. Seeds fixed to the central receptacle. 27 LLAGUNOA. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals wanting. Disk fleshy. Stamens 8, rarely 9-10. Style crowned by a 3-lobed stigma, Capsule 3-lobed, 3-celled, 3-valved ; valves with a dissepiment in the middle of each ; cells 1 -2-seeded. 28 DODON^E'A. Calyx 3-4 (f. 112. «.), rarely 5-parted. Petals wanting. Stamens 8, rarely 9-10. Style short, 2-3, rarely 4-cleft (f. 112. d.). Capsule 2 (f. 112. /.) -3-4-winged, 2-3-4-celled, 2-3-4-valved ; valves keeled, winged on the back (f.112./.). 29 MAGOVNIA. Calyx 5-parted, unequal. Petals 5, naked inside. Stamens 8. Style curved, crowned, by a somewhat 3-lobed stigma. Capsule large, woody, 3-valved, many-seeded. Seeds large, flat, girded by a wing. Embryo straight. 30 ALE'CTRYON. Berry coriaceous, globose, with a crest on one side, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded. Seed erect, girded by aril at the base. Embryo spirally convolute. f Genera allied to Sapindacece, but they are not sufficiently known. 31 EYSTA'THES. Sepals 5. Petals 5, ovate, equal with the sepals. Stamens 8. Style filiform, crowned by an obtuse stigma. Berry globose, fleshy, 1 -celled, 4-seeded. Leaves simple. 32 RACA'RIA. Drupe ovate, 1 -celled, containing 3 oblong, trigonal nuts, covered with a fragile integument. Leaves abruptly pinnate. Trunk spinose. 33 VALENTI'NIA. Calyx 5-parted, coloured. Petals want- ing. Capsule baccate, pulpy inside, opening by 3-4 revolute valves. Seeds 3-4, oblong. Leaves simple. 34 PEDICE'LLIA. Flowers polygamo-dioecious. Calyx 5- parted. Petals wanting. Stamens 8. Ovary pedicellate. Style almost wanting, crowned by 3 reflexed stigmas. Capsule 3- valved, containing 1 pedicellate seed. Leaves opposite, simple. 35 PIERA'RDIA. Flowers monoecious. Calyx 4-parted. Pe- tals 4. Stamens 8. Style crowned by 3 stigmas. Berry glo- bose, 3-celled, 3-seeded. Leaves simple. Section I. SAPI'NDEjE (plants agreeing with Sapindus in important characters). Ovary containing 1 ovula in each cell. Embryo curved, rarely straight. * Climbing herbs and shrubs, furnished with tendrils. The upper or fifth petal absent and with its seat vacant. Leaves de- compound or pinnate. I. CARDIOSPE'RMUM (from KapSta, cardia, the heart, and trireppa, sperma, a seed ; in allusion to the form of the seeds) Lin. gen. no. 498. D. C. prod. 1. p. 601. Cambess. in mem. mus. 19. p. 18. t. 1. A and B. — Corindum, Tour. inst. t. 246. LIN. SYST. Octandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 sepals, 2 outer ones smallest. Petals 4, 2 lateral ones usually adhering to the sepals, furnished each with an emarginate scale above the base, 2 lower ones remote from the 'stamens, with their scales furnish- ed with a glandular crest at the apex, and ending in an inflexed appendage beneath the apex. Glands 2 on the disk, opposite the lower petals ; they are either round or linear. Stamens 8, around the base of the ovary, the 4 which are nearest the glands are shortest. Style trifid, with the segments longitudinally stig- matose inside. Fruit a membranous, bladdery capsule, which is 3-celled, 3-valved, with a thin dissepiment opposite the valves, adnate to the central axis. Seeds globose, with a thick funicle, usually expanded into a 2-lobed aril. — Twining and climbing, tendrilled herbs or shrubs, with biternate or supra-decompound, exstipulate leaves, and the flowers disposed in short, compound racemes, with the common peduncle furnished with 2 opposite tendrils under the flowers. * Species with 2 short, rounded, hypogynous glands at the base of the loner petals. 1 C. HALICA'CABUM (Lin. spec. 925.) stem, petioles, and leaves smooth ; leaves biternate ; leaflets stalked, deeply tooth- ed. O- S. Native of the East Indies, and perhaps of the Caribbee Islands. Sims, hot. mag. t. 1049. — Rumph. amb. 6. t. 24. f. 2. Lam. ill. t. 317. Flowers white, on long, axillary peduncles. Winter-cherry or Common Heart-seed, or Heart-pea. Fl. July. Clt. 1594. PI. cl. 2 C. MICROCA'RPUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 104.) branches smooth; leaves biternate; leaflets deeply-ser- rated, and clothed on both surfaces with close-pressed down ; capsules rather turbinate, and clothed _with hairy-pubescence. SAPINDACE^E. I. CARDIOSPERMUM. II. URVILLEA. 657 If . ^ S. Native of South America in humid places in the pro- vince of Orinoco. Flowers white. Small-fruited Heart-seed. PL cl. 3 C. MO'LLE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 104.) branches villous ; leaves supra-decompound ; leaflets sharply and deeply serrated, trilid, covered on both surfaces with long, close-pressed hairs, hoary beneath ; capsules somewhat globose, and clothed with soft hairs. If. . w. S. Native of Mexico near Guanaxuata. Flowers white. Soft Heart-seed. PI. cl. 4 C. LOXE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branches clothed with white wool ; leaves subternate ; leaflets coarsely crenate-ser- rated, clothed with close-pressed hairs on the upper surface, but with silky hairs on the under, and hoary ; capsules somewhat globose, and covered with hairy-pubescence, if . w. S. Native of Peru near Loxa. Flowers white. Loxa Heart-seed. PL cl. 5 C. CORI'NDUM (Lin. spec. 526.) leaves tomentose beneath, biternate; leaflets on very short stalks, somewhat cordate, cut, obtuse ; seeds marked with a black spot in the shape of a heart. Q. ^,. S. Native of Brazil. C. villosum, Mill. diet. no. 3. Flowers white. Indian-heart-seed.. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1750. PL cl. * * Species with 2 elongated, linear, hypogynous glands be- tween the loner petals and the stamens. 6 C. CANE'SCENS (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. t. 14.) hoary-villous ; leaves biternate ; leaflets cuneately obovate, coarsely serrated, intermediate one stalked, and entire at the base, lateral ones sessile; capsule nearly globose, glaucous, pubescent. Q. w. S. Native of Ava on the Irawaddi, also at Martaban. Flowers green- ish-white. Canescent Heart-seed. Shrub cl. 7 C. GRANDIFLORUM (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 698.) stem rather shrubby at the base ; petioles and leaves pubescent ; leaves triternate ; capsules acuminated, large, tomentose. \ . w. S. Native of Jamaica in hedges and among bushes. Flowers white. Great-flowered Heart-seed. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. Sh. cl. 8 C. LEUARTTIA'NUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 349.) stem twin- ing, puberulous ; leaves biternate ; leaflets oblong, acute, den- tately-serrated, smoothish, terminal one cuneated ; glands on the receptacle elongated and linear. Q. ^. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Panicle short, axillary. Allied to C. elegans. Leuartt's Heart-seed. PL cl. 9 C. E'LEGANS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 99. t. 439.) stem shrubby at the base ; branches puberulous ; leaves biternate ; leaflets coarsely serrated, smooth ; capsules some- what globosely-elliptical, smooth, fj . /~1. S. Native of Peru. Flowers white. Elegant Heart-seed. Shrub cl. 10 C. COLUTEOI DES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p» 100.) leaves biternate ; leaflets coarsely and deeply crenated, puberulous above, clothed beneath with soft pubescence, as well as the branches ; capsules elliptical-oblong, smooth. T/ . w. S. Native of South America near Caraccas on mountains. C. vesi- carium, Humb. rel. hist. 1. p. 39. Flowers whitish. Colutea-like Heart-seed. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. PL cl. 11C. MACROPHY'LLXJM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 100.) leaves biternate ; leaflets sharply and deeply serrated, clothed beneath, as well as the branches, with soft pubescence, and hoary. If. '"\ S. Native of South America near Atures in the province of Orinoco. Fruit unknown. Flowers whitish. Long-leaved Heart-seed. PL cl. 12 C. PARVIFLORUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 351.) stem twin- ing, pubescent ; leaves biternate ; leaflets deeply toothed, pu- vot. i. — PART. vu. berulous, terminal ones ovate-oblong, acutish, lateral ones oblong, obtuse; glands on the receptacle short. 0. w. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. Panicles short, corym- bose. Small-flowered Heart-seed. PL cl. 13 C. ANO'MALUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 351. t. 73.) stem erect, hispid ; leaves biternate ; leaflets pinnate-lobed, acutish, cuneated, hispid ; glands on the receptacle round, short. T? . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Root fusi- form. Tendrils wanting. Anomalous Heart-seed. Shrub 1 foot. 1 4 C. HI'SPIDUM (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branches and petioles covered with hispid hairs ; leaves biternate ; leaflets deeply crenate-serrated, smooth. If..^. S. Native of South America on the banks of the river Amazon near Tomependa. Flowers whitish. Fruit unknown. Hispid Heart-seed. PL cl. 15 C. HIRSU'TUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 467.) stem and petioles hairy ; leaves biternate ; leaflets stalked, ovate, acuminated, smooth, but downy beneath at the origin of the veins. O • ^ S. Native of Guinea. Flowers white. Hairy Heart-seed. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. PL cl. •f Species not sufficiently known. 16 C. PUBE'SCENS (Lag. gen. et spec. 14.) shrubby pubes- cent ; capsules obtuse. Tj . /"\ S. Native of New Spain. Corolla blood-coloured, twice as large as that of C. Halicaca- bum. Pubescent Heart-seed, Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub cl. Cult. The species of this genus are climbing plants hardly worth cultivating except in general collections. They are all of easy culture, but they will thrive best in a mixture of loam and peat ; and cuttings will strike root readily in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. The annual species may be sown thinly in pots in spring, and then placed in a hot-bed, and when the plants are of considerable size they may be thinned, and the pots removed to the stove, where they may stand until the plants have ripened their seed. II. URVI'LLEA (in honour of Captain Dumont D'Urville, of the French navy, who was sent out to ascertain the fate of La Perouse, an acute botanist, author of a paper on the plants of the Island of Melos). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p, 105. t. 440. D. C. prod. 1. p. 602. Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 19. LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals, 2 outer ones smallest. Petals 4, each furnished with a scale above the base, 2 lower ones remote from the stamens, the scales of the 2 lower petals, ending in inflexed appendages. Glands 4 on the disk, opposite the petals, 2 lowest ones largest. Stamens 8, con- nate around the base of the ovary. Style trifid, with the segments longitudinally stigmatose on the inside. Capsule membranous, 3- winged, a little inflated in the middle, 3-celled, or composed of 3 1 -celled, indehiscent carpels, which are winged on the back. Seeds globose, with a thick funicle, expanded into a small, 2-lobed aril. Embryo hardly curved. — Climbing or twining-tendrilled shrubs, with ternate leaves, and with the flowers disposed in spike-formed racemes, the common peduncle usually furnished with 2 opposite tendrils under the flowers. Flowers white. 1 U. ULMA'CEA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, regularly serrated, pubescent beneath, as well as the petioles and branches. Tj . °. S. Native of South Ame- rica on mountains near Caraccas. Kcelreuteria triphylla, Pers. ench. 1. p. 414. Elm-like Urvillea. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl. 2 U. BERTERIA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 602.) leaves ternate; leaflets ovate, coarsely and irregularly toothed, middle one cu- 4P 658 SAPINDACE^E. II. URVILLEA. III. SEHJANIA. neated at the base, smoothish beneath, as well as the branches and petioles. Ij . °. S. Native of St. Martha. Paullinia Ber- teriana, Balb. mss. Berlero's Urvillea. Shrub cl. 3 U. GLA'BRA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 353. t. 74.) stem smooth ; leaflets ovate-oblong, acutish, vnucronulate, nearly entire, smooth. Jj . w. S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Leaves ternate. Racemes twin or solitary. Smooth Urvillea. Shrub cl. 4 U. RUFE'SCENS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 354.) stem tomentose ; leaflets ovate, acutish, mucronulate, toothed, smoothish above, but pubescently- tomentose beneath, and rufescent. fy . w. S. Native of Brazil. Leaves ternate. Racemes solitary. Rufescent Urvillea. Shrub cl. 5 U. FERRUGI'NEA (Lindl. bot. reg. 1077.) branches trique- trous, with the angles covered with Jong rufous hairs ; leaflets cordate, toothed, somewhat lobed, villous ; fruit villous. tj . w. S. Native of Brazil. Leaves ternate. Racemes solitary. Flowers white ; anthers reddish. Musty Urvillea. Fl. May. Clt. 1823. Shrub cl. Cult. Climbing shrubs hardly worth cultivating, except in botanic gardens. They will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and large cuttings will strike root readily in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. III. SERJANIA (in honour of Philip Serjeant, a French friar, and botanist). Plum. gen. 34. t. 35. D. C. prod. 1. p. 602. — Seriana, Schum. act. soc. nat. hafn. 3. pt. 2. Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 20. LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-5 sepalled, 2 outer ones smallest. Petals 4, each furnished with a scale above the base, the 2 lower ones remote from the stamens, the scales of the lower petals ending in an inflexed appendage. Glands 2-4 on the disk at the base of the petals, the 2 upper ones usually abortive. Stamens 8, inserted in the receptacle, connate around the ovary at the base. Style trifid, with the segments longitudinally stigmatose inside. Capsule 3-winged, or composed of 3 carpels, adnate to the central, filiform axis. Carpels membranous, drawn out into a wing at the base, 1-celled and 1-seeded at the apex. Seeds fixed to the inner angle, with a very thick funicle, usually dilated into a small 2 -lobed aril. — Climbing or t wining- tendrilled shrubs, with ternate, biternate, rarely triternate, or impari-pinnate, stipulate leaves. Flowers white in racemes, with the common peduncle usually furnished with 2 opposite tendrils beneatli the flowers. * Leaves ternate. 1 S. SINUA'TA (Schum. 1. c. p. 126. t. 12. f. 1.) leaves ternate; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, sinuately-toothed ; wings of carpels dilated behind. Jj . ^. S. Native of the Caribbee Islands Plum. icon. ed. Burm. t. 113. f. 2. Paullinia Seriana, Lin. spec. 524. Jacq. obs. 3. p. 11. t. 61. f. 2. Seriana Plumeriana, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 247. Sinuated-lea&etted Serjania. Shrub cl. 2 S. MO'LLIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 108.) leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate, crenate-serrated, rounded at the base, clothed with silky hairs above, but with silky tomentum beneath, terminal one 3-lobed; fruit hairy. Tj . °. S. Native of Peru on the Andes between Querocotillo and Montan. Soft Serjania. Shrub cl. 3 S. ACAPULCE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves ternate ; leaflets oblong, rounded at the base, somewhat auricled on the sides, obsoletely crenated at the apex. T? . ^. S. Native of Mexico between Acapulca and La Venta del Exido. Perhaps this plant is only a variety of S. emarginata. Acapulca Serjania. Shrub cl. 4 S. CUSPIDA TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 356.) branches hairy ; leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate, somewhat 3-lobed, cordate, grossly and dentately serrated, cuspidate at the apex, densely clothed with silky pili ; sepals 4 ; fruit pubescent, fy . w. S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Cuspidate-leaved Serjania. Shrub cl. 5 S. LANCEOLA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 356.) branches smoothish ; leaves ternate ; leaflets lanceolate, acuminated, den- tately-serrated, smooth ; sepals 5. f? . w. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Lanceolate-lea\ed Serjania. Shrub cl. 6 S. EMARGINA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves rather biter- nate ; leaflets quite entire, smooth, rounded at the apex and emarginate, with the sides somewhat auricled, intermediate one 3-lobed or 3-cut ; fruit smooth. Tj . ^. S. Native of Mexico on the mountains. Emarginate-lea.ved Serjania. Shrub cl. * * Leaves biternate. 7 S. DIVARICA'TA (Schum. 1. c. p. 126. t. 12. f. 2.) leaves bi- ternate ; leaflets ovate, quite entire, rather acute, shining, stalk- ed ; petioles naked ; wings of carpels dilated and rounded be- hind, tj . °. S. Native of Jamaica in woods. Paullinia diva- ricata, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 696. Divaricate Serjania. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl. 8 S. VELUTI'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 357. t. 75.) branches tomentose ; leaves biternate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, grossly and deeply toothed, velvety above, and brownish tomentose beneath ; sepals 5 ; fruit pubescent. 1? . w. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Goyaz. Velvety Serjania. Shrub cl. 9 S. CARACCASA'NA FIG. 111. (Willd. spec. 3. p. 465.) leaves biternate ; leaf- lets oblong, acute at both ends, very remote- ly toothed, very smooth ; petioles naked ; wings of carpels rounded be- hind, fj . ^. S. Native of New Spain in Carac- cas, as well as of Gua- daloupe. Paullinia Ca- raccasana, Jacq. hort. Schoenbr. 1. p. 52. t. 99. Caraccas Serjania. Clt. 1816. Shrub cl. 10 S. GLABRA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 110.) leaves biternate, smooth ; leaflets elliptic-oblong, acuminated, cuneated at the base, coarsely crenate-serrated ; petioles naked ; wings of carpels rounded behind. ^ . ^. S. Native of the temperate parts of Peru. Very like the preceding species. Smoothish Serjania. Shrub cl. US. RACEMOSA (Schum. 1. c. p. 127. t. 12. f. 5.) leaves bi- ternate; leaflets ovate, acute, profoundly serrated; petioles nearly naked ; wings of carpels dilated behind, and somewhat sinuated in front. lj . ^. S. Native of Vera Cruz. ./facemose-flowered Serjania. Shrub cl. 12 S. SPECTA'BILIS (Schum. 1. c. p. 127. 1. 12. f. 4.) leaves bi- ternate ; leaflets obovate, entire, terminal one retusely emarginate ; petioles winged ; wings of carpels dilated behind. ^ . /"\ S. Native of South America. Shetvy Serjania. Shrub cl. 13 S. CLEMATIDIFOLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 361.) branches puberulous ; leaves biternate ; leaflets oblong, narrowed at both ends, acutish, deeply toothed, coriaceous, pale-green above and scabrous, pale and puberulous beneath ; sepals 5 ; fruit densely- puberulous at the apex, fj . w. S. Native of Brazil. SAPINDACEvE. III. SERJANIA. 659 Clematis-leaved Serjania. Shrub cl. 14 S. COMMU'NIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 362.) branches pu- berulous ; leaves biternate ; leaflets oblong, tapering to both ends, acute or bluntly mucronulate, deeply toothed, puberulous ; sepals 4 ; fruit smooth. Jj . w. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. Common Serjania. Shrub cl. 15 S. NOXIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 363.) branches clothed with rusty tomentum ; leaves biternate ; leaflets elliptic-oblong, tapering to both ends, mucronulate, nearly entire, smoothish ; sepals 4. \ , w. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. This plant is hurtful to cattle. Hurtful Serjania. Shrub cl. 16 S. DOMBEYA'NA (Juss. herb. St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 364.) branches puberulous ; leaves biternate ; leaflets elliptic-oblong, tapering to both ends, acute or shortly acuminated, dentately serrated, smooth ; sepals 5 ; fruit smooth. Jj . w. S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro, and in the province of Minas Geraes. Dombey's Serjania. Shrub cl. 17 S. PAUCIDENTA' TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 603.) leaves biter- nate ; leaflets oval, tapering to both ends, furnished on each side with 1 or 2 large teeth ; petioles slightly winged ; wings of carpels rounded and 'dilated behind. ^ . w. S. Native of Cayenne or French Guiana. Few-toothed-leafietted Serjania. Shrub cl. 18 S. OSSA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 603.) leaves biternate, smooth, dark-green, and somewhat shining above, but pale be- neath ; leaflets ovate, a little toothed at the apex, blunt, mucronulate ; petioles naked ; wings of carpels blunt behind. tj . /"v. S. Native of Cuba near Havannah. De la Ossa's Serjania. Shrub cl. 19 S. PUBE'SCENS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branches villously pubescent ; leaves biternate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, obtuse, somewhat mucronated, quite entire or coarsely- crenated at the apex, smoothish above, and pubescent beneath. Tj . /^1. S. Na- tive of South America in the province of Caraccas, in the valleys of Araguen. Pubescent Serjania. Shrub cl. 20 S. MEXICA'NA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 465.) leaves biternate ; leaflets obovate, entire or toothed, usually emarginate ; petioles slightly winged ; stem prickly ; racemes compound ; wings of car- pels rounded and somewhat dilated. Pj . ^ ? S. Native of Mexico. Paullinia Mexicana, Lin. spec. 527. Schum. 1. c. p. 124. t. 11. f. 3. Mexican Serjania. Clt. 1823. Shrub cl. 21 S. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 466.) leaves biter- nate ; leaflets linear-lanceolate, quite entire, acute ; petioles winged. Tj . w. S. Native of South America. — Plum. icon. ed. Burm. t. 113. f. 1. Paullinia Mexicana, Jacq. obs. 3. p. 11. t. 61. f. 5. a leaf only. Shrub cl. fl. bras. 1. p. 358.) branches pu- Narrow-leaved Serjania. 22 S. E'LEGANS (St. Hil. berulous ; leaves biternate ; leaflets oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute, quite entire, rather scabrous ; sepals 5 ; fruit smooth. 1j . w. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers rose-coloured ? Far. ft ; leaves full of pellucid dots ; leaflets narrower, long- acuminated. Flowers whitish-green. Elegant Serjania. Shrub cl. 23 S. RETICULA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 359.) branches smooth ; leaves biternate ; leaflets oblong or elliptic-oblong, acuminated, dentately-serrated at the apex, reticulately-veined, quite smooth ; sepals 5. Tj . w. S. Native of Brazil in the pro- vince of Minas Geraes. Reticulated-leaved Serjania. Shrub cl. 24 S. GRANDIFLORA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 360.) branches smooth ; leaves biternate ; leaflets elliptic-oblong, acuminated, obsoletely-toothed, smooth ; sepals 4. Tj . ^,. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. Racemes forming a panicle at the tops of the branches. Great-flowered Serjania. Shrub cl. 25 S. PANICULA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 111. t. 441.) branches pubescent; leaves biternate; leaflets ovate-elliptical, acuminated, coarsely crenated, smooth, but hairy at the origin of the veins beneath ; racemes panicled ; fruit pu- bescent at the apex. Jj . ^,. S. Native of South America in the province of Caraccas in hot places. This plant is very like S. Caraccasana. Panicled-fiowered Serjania. Shrub cl. 26 S. LUPULI NA (Schum. 1. c. p. 127. t. 12. f. 5.) leaves bi- ternate ; leaflets crenated, rusty beneath, terminal one some- what rhomboid, lateral ones ovate ; petioles slightly winged; wings of carpels semi-oval. fj . /~>. S. Native of South America. Wolf Serjania. Shrub cl. 27 S. LU'CIDA (Schum. 1. c. p. 128.) leaves biternate ; leaflets ovate, acute, serrated ; petioles almost naked; wings of carpels half-oval. ^ . ^ ? S. Native of Santa Cruz ? Shining-leaved Serjania. Shrub cl. 28 S. MULTIFLORA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 365.) branches smoothish ; leaves biternate ; leaflets oblong, rather cuneated, acuminate, usually mucronulate, grossly and deeply toothed, smooth ; sepals 5 ; fruit hairy at the apex. Jj , ^ S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Many-flowered Serjania. Shrub cl. 29 S. MERIDIONALS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 366. t. 76.) branches smooth ; leaves biternate ; leaflets tapering to both ends, acute, and usually mucronate, smooth and dentately ser- rated, lateral ones oblong, terminal ones ovate, decurrent down the petiole ; sepals 5 ; fruit smooth, fj . w. S. Native of Brazil on the banks of the river Uruguay. Meridional Serjania. Shrub cl. 30 S. IETHA'LIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 367. pi. rem. bras. p. 235.) branches smooth ; leaves biternate ; leaflets lanceolate- elliptic, tapering to both ends, quite smooth, shining above ; sepals 5 ; fruit villous at the apex, and smooth at the base, fj . ^j. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. This plant is very poisonous. Poisonous Serjania. Shrub cl. 31 S. OXYPE'TALA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branches smooth ; leaves biternate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminately mucronate, remotely serrated, smooth, upper ones trifid ; fruit smoothish. Tj . r*. S. Native of Peru on the Andes. Sharp-petalled Serjania. Shrub cl. 32 S. DuBiA' (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 247.) leaves biternate; leaflets obovate-oblong, shining, mucronately-toothed ; petioles awl-shaped ; racemes compound. Jj . *"\ S. Native of Porto- Rico. Doubtful Serjania. Shrub cl. 33 S. HIRSU'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 367.) branches hairy; leaves biternate ; leaflets oblong, tapering to both ends, acute, mucronulate, deeply-toothed, hairy ; sepals 4 ; fruit puberulous. Jj . w. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Hairy Serjania. Shrub cl. 34 S. LARUOTTEA'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 368.) branches puberulous ; leaves biternate ; leaflets oblong, tapering to both ends, acute, serrated, smooth ; sepals 4 ; fruit puberulous. Tj . w. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Laruott's Serjania. Shrub cl. 35 S. PALUDOSA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 368.) branches tomen- tose ; leaves biternate or impari-pinnate ; leaflets unequally toothed, puberulous above, and tomentose beneath, terminal one elliptic, lower ones oblong ; sepals 5 ; fruit hairy above, and 4p 2 660 pubescent beneath, of Minas Geraes. Marsh Serjania. SAPINDACE^E. III. SERJANIA. IV. PAULLINIA. . S. Native of Brazil in the province * Capsules pear-shaped, with wingless valves. Leaves ternate. Shrub cl. * * * Leaves triternate. 36 S. TRITERNA'TA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 466.) leaves triternate ; leaflets ovate, obtuse, repand ; petioles winged ; racemes pa- nicled ; wings of carpels rounded and dilated. T? . w. S. Na- tive of South America. — Plum. icon. ed. Burm. t. 112. Paul- linia triternata, Lin. mant. 236. Jacq. amer. p. 110. t. 180. f. 32. pict. p. 56. t. 260. f. 29. Paullinia polyphylla, Lin. spec. 525. Jacq. obs. 3. p. 11. t. 61. f. 10? andf. 11. Triternate-leaved Serjania or Supple-Jack. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1739. Shrub cl. * * * * Leaves impari-pinnate. 37 S. PARVIFLORA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. S. p. 113.) leaves pinnate, with 3 pairs of leaflets and an odd one ; the lower pair trifoliate, ovate-oblong, crenate-serrated, sharply- mucronate at the apex, smooth above, puberulous beneath ; fruit smooth. Tj . '~>. S. Native of South America on the banks of the river Amazon. Small-flowered Serjania. Shrub cl. 38 S. CAMBESSEDIA NA (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnaea. 5. p. 214.) stem smooth, 6-furrowed ; leaves bipinnate or somewhat tripinnate, 4 pairs, upper pinnae ternate ; leaflets nearly sessile, tapering into the petiole, mucronate, acuminate, grossly and un- equally toothed, rather pilose on the nerves beneath, and with hairs in the axils of the veins ; panicle raceme-formed, destitute of tendrils, pubescent ; branches short, usually 5-flowered ; flowers pedicellate, furnished with bracteas ; wings of fruit di- lated. Tj . w. S. Native of Mexico. Cambessedes Serjania. Shrub cl. 39 S. HETEROPHY'LLA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 604.) lower leaves pinnate, with 2 pairs of leaflets, upper ones biternate ; leaflets ovate, somewhat toothed, smooth, terminal one cuneated at the base ; petioles subalate at the apex ; racemes stalked ; wings of carpels rounded behind. Tj . /~>. S. Native of St. Martha. Variable-leaved Serjania. Shrub cl. Cult, Climbing shrubs hardly worth cultivating unless in general collections. They will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat. Large cuttings root more freely than small ones. These should be planted in a pot of sand and placed under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat. IV. PAULLI'NIA (in honour of Simon Paulli, a Danish naturalist, author of Quadripartitum Botanicum ; died in 1680). Schum. act. soc. hist. nat. hafn. 3. pt. 2. mss. ann. mus. 4. p. 340. D. C. prod. 1. p. 604. Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 22. — Caruru, Plum. gen. p. 34. t. 35. Paullinia, spec. Lin. — Se- marillaria, Ruiz et Pav. fl. peru, vol. 4. LIN. SYST. Octandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4-5 sepals, 2 outer ones smallest. Petals 4, each furnished with a scale on the inside above the base, the 2 lower ones remote from the stamens, the scales of the lower petals ending in an inflexed ap- pendage. Glands 2-4 on the disk, opposite the petals, the 2 superior ones usually abortive. Stamens 8, inserted in the recep- tacle and connate around the ovary at the base. Style trifid, with the segments longitudinally stigmatose on the inside. Capsule pear-shaped, trigonal, usually with 3 short wings at the apex, 3- celled, 3-valved ; dissepiments membranous, adnate to the cen- tral axis. Seeds fixed to the inner angle at the base of the cells, half covered by a 2-lobed aril. — Climbing or twining-tendrilled shrubs, with ternate, biternate, triternate, pinnate, bipinnate, or decompound stipulate leaves, and axillary racemes of flowers, with the common peduncle usually furnished with 2 opposite twisted tendrils below the flowers. Flowers white. 1 P. TURBACE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 114.) capsules obtuse, densely clothed with hairs; leaflets acu- minated, coarsely serrate-toothed, smooth, shining ; petioles naked. ^ . ^. S. Native of New Granada in temperate places at Turbaco. Turbaco Paullinia. Shrub cl. 2 P. CURU'RU (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 365.) capsules obtuse; leaflets oblong, serrate-toothed, somewhat acuminated ; petioles winged. ^ . ^. S. Native of the Antilles. — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 111. f. 2. Jacq. obs. 3. p. ] 1. t. 61. f. 4. Cururu is a Carib- bean name. Cururu Paullinia. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl. 3 P. NI'TIDA (H. B. et Kunth, I.e.) capsule pear-shaped; leaflets oblong, rather acuminated, coarsely serrate-crenate, smooth, shining ; petioles naked. ^ . /"\ S. Native of South America on the banks of the river Orinoco, and in Peru. Sema- rillaria nitida, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 339. Shining-leaved Paullinia. Shrub cl. 4 P. RIPA'RIA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaflets oblong, acute, coarsely-serrated, shining, smooth ; petioles winged ; racemes about equal in length with the leaves. Tj . w. S. Native of South America on the banks of the river Magdalena. River-bank Paullinia. Shrub cl. •f Capsules unknown ; leaves ternate. 5 P. NODOSA (Jacq. enum. 35. obs. t. 61. f. 3.) petioles naked; leaflets ovate, a little toothed, smooth, middle one obovate ; ra- cemes knotted or thickened. Tj . rv. S. Native of the Antilles. Knotted-racemed Paullinia. Shrub cl. 6 P. DENSIFLORA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 3.) petioles winged ; leaflets obscurely serrated ; racemes aggregate, much- branched, 4-times shorter than the petioles. T? . r>. S. Native of New Granada. Dense-flowered Paullinia. Shrub cl. * Capsules pear-shaped, wingless. Leaves pinnate. 7 P. PINNA'TA (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 366.) young capsules with 3 tubercles at the apex ; leaflets 5, ovate-lanceolate, sessile, crenated ; petioles winged. Tj . '"*. S. Native of Brazil, Mex- ico, Guiana, Antilles, and equinoctial Africa. Jacq. obs. 3. p. 12. t. 62. f. 12. — Plum. ed. Burm. 76. t. 91. Pinnate-leaved Paullinia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1752. Sh. cl. 8 P. MACROPHY'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaflets 5, oblong, obtuse, remotely and obsoletely toothed, membranaceous, smooth, but with the nerve and veins hairy ; petioles and rachis winged. ty. /^>. S. Native of South America on the banks of the river Magdalena. Long-leaved Paullinia. Shrub cl. 9 P. ALA'TA ; leaflets 5, oblong, distantly and deeply toothed, with winged petioles ; branches quadrangular ; tendrils axillary, twisted and bifid ; racemes short, crowded on the old wood. fy . ^. S. Native of Peru. Semarillaria alata, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 340. JFznged-petioled Paullinia. Shrub cl. 10 P. CARPOPODEA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 376. t. 78. B.) leaves with 3 pairs of oblong or oblong-lanceolate leaflets, which are narrowed at the base and puberulous beneath, acuminated, and mucronulate ; lower pair trifoliate ; petioles and rachis naked ; capsule rather clavate, wingless. T? . ^_,. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Fruit-footed Paullinia. Shrub cl. 11 P. AFFINIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 377. t. 78. A.) leaves with 2-3 pairs of oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, mu- cronulate leaflets, which are narrowed at the base, and silky tomentose beneath, lower pair trifolate ; petioles naked ; capsule SAPINDACEjE. IV. PAULLINIA. 661 subclavate, wingless. Tj . w. S. Native of Brazil in the pro- vince of Minas Geraes. ^Zfed Paullinia. Sh. cl. 12 P. E'LEOANS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 370.) leaves with 2 pairs of toothed, smooth leaflets ; petioles and rachis naked ; capsule pear-shaped, 3-lobed, wingless. T? . w. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers greenish- white. Elegant Paullinia. Shrub cl. 13 P. RUBIGINOSA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 371.) leaves with 2 pairs of oblong, acuminated, sharply serrated leaflets, which are rusty-tomentose on the nerves beneath ; petioles and rachis naked ; capsule obovate or triquetrous, wingless. J? . ,_,. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Rusted Paullinia. Shrub cl. * * Capsules pear-shaped with winged and keeled valves. Leaves pinnate. 14 P. TETRAGO'NA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 355.) capsules 3-keeled, 3-horned ; leaflets 5, ovate, rather serrated, acute, smooth ; petioles naked ; stem tetragonal. Tj . '"\ S. Native of Cayenne. Like P. pinndla. Tetragonal-stemmed Paullinia. Clt. 1825. Shrub cl. 15 P. VESPERTILIO (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 695.) capsules winged at the apex ; wings horizontal ; leaflets 5, ovate, re- motely toothed, smooth ; petioles naked. Jj . '"*. S. Native of the island of St. Christopher. Schum. act. soc. hist. nat. hafn. 3. p. 122. t. 11. f. 1. .Bai-capsuled Paullinia. Clt. 1823. Shrub cl. 16 P. AFRICA'NA ; leaflets 5, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, dis- tantly toothed ; petioles winged ; racemes elongated, axillary ; flowers nearly sessile. 1? . ^_,. S. Native of Sierra Leone. Capsules winged ? African Paullinia. Shrub cl. 17 P. ACUTA'NGULA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 443.) plant hairy; capsules obovate, triangularly winged at the apex ; leaflets 5, oblong-ovate or obovate, acuminated, serrate-toothed ; racemes axillary, with 2 hooked tendrils at the base of each. T? . w. S. Native of Peru in groves. Semarillaria acutangula, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. syst. p. 93. fl. per. 4. t. 337. sicute-angled-caipsuled. Paullinia. Shrub cl. 18 P. AUSTRA'LIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 375. pi. rem. bras, p. 236. t. 24. B.) leaves with 3 pairs of oblong-cuneated, coarsely serrated, smoothish leaflets ; lower pair trifoliate ; rachis winged ; common petiole naked ; capsule pear-shaped, obtuse, winged. ^ . w. S. Native of Brazil on the banks of the Uruguay. Southern Paullinia. Shrub cl. 19 P. MELLSFOLIA (Juss. ann. 4. p. 347. t. 66. f. 2.) capsules with 3 small wings at the apex, cohering with the style ; leaves with 3 pairs of oblong-lanceolate, remotely toothed leaflets, pu- bescent beneath, lower pair trifoliate. ^ . °. S. Native of Brazil. Petioles naked ; rachis winged. Shrub sarmentose, 6-7 feet. Melia-leaved Paullinia. Clt. 1819. Shrub cl. 20 P. GRANDIFLORA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 372.) leaves with 2 pairs of ovate, grossly-toothed, smooth leaflets ; petioles and rachis winged, fj . v_/. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Great-flowered Paullinia. Shrub cl. 21 P. MICRA'NTHA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 373.) leaves with 3 pairs of oblong-cuneated or subcuneated, bluntish, toothed, smoothish leaflets, lower pair trifoliate. Tj . w. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petioles naked. Ra- chis winged. Fruit pear-shaped, 3-lobed, with 3 short wings. Small-flowered Paullinia. Shrub cl. 22 P. SERI'CEA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1 . p. 374. t. 77. A.) leaves with 4-5 pairs of oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, toothed leaflets, which are smoothish above and silky-tomentose beneath, 2 or 4 of the lower ones trifoliate ; petioles naked ; rachis winged ; capsule pear-shaped, with 3 short wings. 1? . w. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Calyx purple. Silky Paullinia. Shrub cl. **** Capsules ovate, obovate or roundish. Leaves pinnate. 23 P. OBOVA^TA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 443.) capsules obovate; leaflets 5, lanceolate, distantly serrated. Tj . /~v. S. Native of Peru in groves. Semarillaria obovata, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. syst. 1. p. 93. fl. per. 4. t. 338. O&otate-capsuled Paullinia. Shrub cl. 24 P. TOMENTOSA (Jacq. amer. 37. obs. 3. t. 61. f. 13.) cap- sules obovate, and are as well as the leaves tomentose ; leaflets 5, sessile, ovate, rhomboid, repand, obtuse ; petioles marginate. Tj . *"\ S. Native of the Antilles. Old leaves almost smooth. Tcmentose Paullinia. Shrub cl. 25 P. SENEGALE'NSIS (Juss. ann. 4. p. 348.) capsules ovate, bluntly trigonal; leaflets 5, sessile, ovate, remotely crenated, the odd one largest ; petioles marginate ; stem angular, some- what tomentose. ^ . ^\ S. Native of Guinea, particularly in Senegal. Senegal Paullinia. Clt. 1822. Shrub cl. 26 P. CUPANA (H. B. etKunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 117.) capsules ovate, acute ; leaflets 5, ovate-oblong, acuminated, coarsely crenate-serrated, coriaceous, smooth, but hairy on the nerves and veins beneath. Jj . /~>. S. Native of South America on the banks of the river Orinoco, and of Trinidad. Cupana's Paullinia. Clt. 1818. Shrub cl. 27 P. SPH^ROCA'RPA (Rich, in Juss. ann. 4. p. 348.) capsules spherical, smooth ; leaflets 5, almost sessile, ovate, smooth, re- motely crenated, each ending in a blunt point. Pj . r^. S. Native of Guinea. Spherical-capsuled Paullinia. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl. 28 P. SUBROTU'NDA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 443.) capsules large, roundish ; leaflets 5, oblong-obovate, serrated above. 1? . ^_,. S. Native of Peru in groves. Semarillaria subrotunda, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. syst. p. 92. fl. per. 4. t. 336. The aril which envelops the seeds is eatable. Roundish- fruited. Paullinia. Shrub cl. 29 P. PTEROPODA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 605.) capsules somewhat spherical, 3-furrowed, and are as well as the leaves villous ; leaflets 5, ovate, coarsely toothed, terminal one cuneated ; petioles marginate. Ij . w. S. Native of Mexico. Winged-petioled Paullinia. Shrub cl. t Capsules unknown. Leaves pinnate. 30 P. CATJLIFLORA (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. p. 458.) leaves pinnate, lower leaflets ternate ; petioles naked at the base, but marginate at the top ; flowers in capitate corymbs, axillary, and terminal. Jj . r<. S. Native of Caraccas in South America. Stem-flowered Paullinia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822. Sh. cl. 31 P. ? JAPONICA (Thunb. fl. jap. 170.) leaflets 5, on margi- nate stalks, lower ones almost sessile, 3-lobed ; stem herbaceous, unarmed. Tf..^.G. Native of Japan. Japan Paullinia. PI. cl. 32 P. CUPANLEFOLIA (Rich, in Juss. ann. mus. 4. p. 349.) leaflets 5, sessile, ovate-oblong, remotely crenated, very smooth ; petioles naked at the base, but marginate between the leaflets. Tj . •"*. S. Native of Guiana in woods. Cupania-leaved Paullinia. Shrub cl. 33 P. CONNARIFOLIA (Rich, in Juss. 1. c.) leaflets 5, sessile, coriaceous, ovate, bluntly mucronate, almost entire, smooth, but are rusty as well as the branches ; petioles naked ; peduncles G62 SAPINDACEjE. IV. PAULLINIA. V. ENOUREA. destitute of tendrils. I? . ^. S. Native of Guiana on the bor- ders of woods. Connarus-leaved Paullinia. Shrub cl. 34 P. FIBULA'TA (Rich, in Juss. 1. c.) leaflets 5, ovate, some- what coriaceous, rather toothletted, and somewhat tomentose beneath, and are rusty as well as the branches ; petioles naked ; peduncles with thickened, clasp-like, floriferous tendrils. J? . °. S. Native of Guiana on the borders of woods, where it is called, on account of the tendrils, Patte de chauve-souris. Ctasp-peduncled Paullinia. Shrub cl. 35 P. RUFE'SCENS (Rich, in Juss. 1. c.). leaflets 5, on very short stalks, ovate-lanceolate, remotely crenated, clothed with rusty tomentum beneath, blackish-green above ; petioles naked ; branches rusty, rather angular. Jj . ^. S. Native of Guiana on the borders of woods. The peduncles are sometimes fur- nished with tendrils, and sometimes without. Rufescent Paullinia. Shrub cl. 36 P. ING/EFOLIA (Rich, in Juss. 1. c.) leaflets 7, coriaceous, smooth, lower ones trifoliate ; petioles naked at the base but marginate at the apex ; branches striated and scabrous from dots. Tj . ^. S. Native of Guiana in woods near the confines of the river Amazon. Peduncles sometimes branched-panicled, sometimes simple, cirrhose and floriferous beyond the middle. Inga-leaved Paullinia. Shrub cl. 37 P. MULTIFLORA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1 . p. 379.) leaves with 2- 3 pairs of elliptic-oblong, mucronulate, smoothish leaflets, which taper to both ends, lower pair trifoliate ; petioles and rachis winged T? . w- S. Native of Brazil in the province of St. Paul. Fruit not seen. Many-flowered Paullinia. Shrub cl. * a * » * Leaves bitertiate. 38 P. VETULINA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 605.) the whole plant is clothed with velvety tomentum ; capsules pear-shaped, 3-winged ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, coarsely toothed ; petioles naked. Tj . l~^. S. Native of New Granada in the province of St. Martha. Velvety Paullinia. Shrub cl. 39 P. CURASSA'VICA (Lin. spec. ed. l.p. 366.) capsules ovate, with 3 semiobcordate valves ; leaflets oval, crenated, odd one cuneated at the base ; intermediate petiole marginate. Tj • '"'. S. Native of Curassoa, and near Caraccas. Jacq. obs. 3. p. 12. t. 61. f. 8.— Plum. ed. Burm. t. 111. f. 2. Curassoa Paullinia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1739. Shrub cl. 40 P. ENNEAPHY'LLA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 337. under Semarillaria,} leaves biternate, toothed, acuminated ; valves of capsule winged on the back at the apex ; racemes axillary, with 2 hooked tendrils at the base of each. Tj , ^. S. Native of Peru. Nine-leaved Paullinia. Shrub cl. 41 P. BARBADE'NSIS (Jacq. enum. 36. obs. 2. p. 12. t. 61. f. 9.) capsules ovate, rather villous, with semiovate valves ; leaflets oval, quite entire, and serrated, coriaceous ; petioles somewhat marginate. Tj . ^. S. Native of Barbadoes and the Antilles. Barbadoes Paullinia. Clt. 1786. Shrub cl. 42 P. CARTHAGENE'NSIS (Jacq. obs. 3. p. 11. t. 61. f. 6.) leaflets ovate, oblong, sinuated ; petioles marginate ; stem un- armed. Tj . ^. S. Native of South America at Carthagena. Carthagena Paullinia. Clt. 1818. Shrub cl. 43 P. ? CARIB^A (Jacq. obs. 3. t. 62. f. 7.) leaflets oval, a little toothed at the apex, middle ones obovate-cuneated, pe- tioles marginate ; branches prickly. T? . ^. S. Native of the Caribbee islands, and in the province of Caraccas ? H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 118. This is probably a distinct species. 1 Caribbean Paullinia. Clt. 1818. Shrub cl. 44 P. PUBE'SCENS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaflets coarsely crenate-serrated, membranaceous, smooth, clothed beneath with golden-brownish tomentum ; terminal leaflets ovate-oblong, acu- minated ; partial petioles somewhat marginated. T? • *^. S. Native of South America on the banks of the river Amazon. Pubescent Paullinia. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 45 P. MOLLIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaflets coarsely crenate- serrated, membranous, with the nerves and veins on the upper surface hairy, but clothed beneath with soft hairy tomentum ; terminal leaflets roundish-ovate, acute ; petioles naked. Tj ? ^. S. Native of South America on the banks of the river Magdalena. Soft Paullinia. Shrub cl. Leaves triternate. 46 P. TRITERNA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaflets 3-4-toothed, coriaceous, smooth, shining, terminal ones obovate ; partial pe- tioles and rachis winged. T? . ^. S. Native of South America on the banks of the river Orinoco. Triternate-\ea\e& Paullinia. Shrub cl. *#«»«** Leaves bipinnate or supra-decompound. 47 P. THALICTRIFOLIA (Juss. ann. mus. 4. p. 347. t. 66. f. 1.) capsules pear-shaped, 3-winged at the base ; wings broadest at the top, divaricate ; leaves somewhat tripinnate, upper ones sim- ple ; leaflets ovate, small, entire, or a little toothed. Tj . *^. S. Native of Brazil and St. Domingo. Meadow-rue-leaved Paullinia. Shrub cl. 48 P. POLYPHY'LLA (Schum. in act. soc. nat. hafn. 3. pt. 2. p. 462.) capsule with obovate valves ; leaves supra-decom- pound ; leaflets ovate-cuneated, crenated at the apex, smooth above, villous beneath as well as the petioles. J? . ^ S. Na- tive of South America. — Pluk. aim. t. 168. f. 5. ? This plant should not be confounded with Serjania triternata. Many-leaved Paullinia. Shrub cl. 49 P. DIVERSIFOLIA (Jacq. obs. 3. p. 12. t. 62. f. 14.) leaves supra-decompound, lower ones pinnate, the rest ternate ; petioles marginate ; leaflets ovate, smooth, a little toothed. Tj . /*\ S. Native of the Antilles. This plant is probably a species of Serjania allied to S. triternata, but perhaps the same as Ser- jania heterophylla. Diverse-leaved Paullinia. Shrub cl. 50 P. HISPIDA (Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 3. t. 268.) leaves bi- pinnate at the bottom, and pinnate at the apex ; leaflets lan- ceolate, acuminated, somewhat serrated ; branches angular, hispid ; stipulas ovate, ciliated ; racemes aggregate. Tj . '"'. S. Native of South America at Caraccas and in the island of Tri- nidad. Hispid-leaved Paullinia. Clt. 1825. Shrub cl. 51 P. BIPINNA'TA (Poir. diet. 4. p. 99.) leaves bipinnate; leaflets ovate, nearly sessile, somewhat crenated at the apex ; petioles naked and are as well as the branches somewhat tomen- tose ; capsules winged, 2-lobed at the apex. Tj . '"'. S. Native of Brazil at Rio Janeiro. This is probably a species of Serjania. Bipinnate-]enved Paullinia. Clt. 1816. Shrub cl. Cult. Paullinia is a genus of trifling, climbing shrubs, not worth cultivating, except in general collections. A mixture of loam and peat suits them well, and large cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat, V. ENOU'REA (Eymara-enourou is the name of the shrub in Guiana). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 588. t. 235. D. C. prod. 1. p. 618. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Dodecandria, Calyx 4-5-parted, 2 of the lobes are larger than the rest. Petals 4, inserted in the bottom of the calyx, 2 of which are larger than the rest, each fur- SAPINDACE^:. V. ENOUREA. VI. TOULICIA. VII. SCHMIDELIA. 663 nished with a petal-like scale on the inside at the claw, with 2 glands at the base of each of the larger petals on the disk. Sta- mens 13, inserted in the receptacle, unequal, connate at the base, somewhat leaning to one side. Ovary roundish. Style none. Stigmas 3. Capsules spherical, 1 -celled, 3-valved, 1 -seeded. Seed erect, clothed with farinaceous pulp. — A climbing shrub with impari-pinnate leaves and axillary tendrils. Racemes of flowers panicled. This shrub should perhaps be placed among the Terebinthaceee, on account of the petals being perigynous, as well as from the plant abounding in milky juice. 1 E. CAPREOLA'TA (Aubl. guian. 1. t. 235.) leaflets 5, cori- aceous, covered with rusty hairs beneath, fj . /"\ S. Native of Guiana in the small island formed by the river Sinemari. Flowers small, white, in clusters. Climbing Enourea. Shrub cl. Cull. A mixture of loam and sand will suit this plant, and large cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. * Upright trees and shrubs, with pinnate, trifoliate, rarely simple leaves. VI. TOULPCIA (Toulici is the name of the tree in Guiana). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 359. t. 140. D. C. prod. 1. p. 612. — Ponae'a, Schreb. gen. no. 682. LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, each furnished on the inside at the base with a long, 2-parted, pilose appendage. Disk occupying the bottom of the ca- lyx, 5-lobed, 2 lower lobes largest. Stamens 8, inserted in the disk. Style short, trifid. Fruit 3-winged, composed of 3 carpels, adnate to the central filiform axis. Carpels drawn out into a wing at the base, but 1 -celled, 1 -seeded at the apex. Seeds fixed to the inner angle. — A tree, with abruptly pinnate leaves ; leaflets opposite. Racemes of flowers forming a large terminal panicle. 1 T. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. 1. c. Lam. ill. t. 317.). Jj . S. Native of Guiana in woods. Ponaea saponarioides, Willd. spec. 2. p. 470. Leaves abruptly pinnate, with 8 pairs of opposite lanceolate leaflets, which are broadest at the base. Flowers small, white, disposed in terminal racemose panicles. Guiana Toulicia. Tree 20 feet. Cult. This tree will succeed well in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. VII. SCHMIDELIA (in honour of Casimer Christopher Schmiedel, once a professor at Erlange, who wrote several bota- nical dissertations between 1751 and 1793). Lin. mant. 51. D. C. prod.-l. p. 010. — Ornitrophe, Juss. gen. 247. Pers. ench. 1. p. 412. — Allophyllus, Lin. gen. no. 476. — Toxicodendron, Gaert. fruct. 1. 1. 44. but not of Tourn. — Aporetica, Forst. gen. no. 66. D. C. prod. 1610.— Gemella, Lour, cochin. 762. LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, un- equal. Petals 4, the fifth or superior one deficient, and its seat vacant ; naked on the inside, or usually furnished with a scale above the claw. Disk incomplete, 4-glanded ; glands opposite the petals. Stamens 8, inserted in the receptacle, and connate around the ovary at the base. Style immersed between the lobes of the ovary, usually seated on the axis, 2-3-cleft, with the segments longitudinally stigmatose inside. Fruit inde- hiscent, 1-2 rarely 3-lobed ; lobes roundish, fleshy, or dry, 1- seeded. Seeds arillate or exarillate. Trees or shrubs, usually with trifoliate, rarely with simple exstipidate leaves and racemose white flowers. Racemes axillary. * Leaves trifoliate. 1 S. ? MACROPHY'LLA (D.C. prod. 1. p. 610.) leaflets stalked, ovate-acuminated, quite entire, coriaceous, rather pubescent beneath ; racemes compound. ^ . S. Native of Cayenne. Ornitrophe macrophy'lla, Poir. diet. 8. p. 263. Kunth thinks this a species of Cupania. Long-leaved Schmidelia. Tree 20 feet. 2 S. INTEGRIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 610.) leaflets stalked, ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, smooth ; racemes almost simple. Tj . S. Native of Bourbon. Ornitrophe integrifolia, Willd. spec. 2. p. 322. Lam. ill. t. 309. f. 1. Merularia, Comm. Entire-leaved Schmidelia. Clt. 1804. Tree 16 feet. 3 S. SERRATA (D.C. prod. 1. p. 610.) leaves scabrous; leaf- lets stalked, ovate, acuminated, serrated ; racemes simple. Jj . S. Native of Coromandel, frequent on the mountains. Ornitrophe serrata, Roxb. cor. 1. p. 44. t. 61. Flowers small, white, poly- gamous. The fruit is small and red, and is eaten when ripe by the natives. The root is astringent, and is employed by the native physicians for diarrhoea. Serrated-leaved Schmidelia. Clt. 1804. Tree 12 feet. 4 S. PUBE'RULA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 382.) leaves trifoliate ; leaflets on short petioles, elliptic, or elliptic-obovate, acute, serrated, puberulous on the nerves ; racemes spike-formed, axillary, fj . S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Flowers greenish. Puberulous Schmidelia. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 5 S. LE'VIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 382.) leaves trifoliate ; leaflets stalked, elliptic-oblong, acuminate, dentately serrated, smooth ; racemes nearly simple. ^ . S. Native of Brazil near Sebastianople. Smooth Schmidelia. Shrub. 6 S. COBBE (D. C. prod. 1. p. 610.) leaflets stalked, obovate, acute, serrated, pubescent beneath ; racemes simple, with a to- mentose peduncle. Tj . S. Native of Ceylon. Rhus Cobbe, Lin. spec. 382. Ornitrophe Cobbe, Willd. spec. 2. p. 322. Toxicodendron Cobbe, Gajrt. fruct. 1. p. 207. t. 44. Toxico- dendron arboreum, Mill. diet. no. 8. Berries small, black, poi- sonous. Cobbe is the name of the tree in Ceylon. Cobbe Schmidelia. Tree 12 feet. 7 S. PANIGERA ; leaflets stalked, ovate, acute, serrated, to- mentose beneath, as well as being bearded at the origin of the nerves ; racemes simple, with a tomentose peduncle. Tj . S. Native of New Caledonia. Ornitrophe panigera, Lab. nov. caled. t. 52. Petals unguiculate. Stigmas 2. Cloth-bearing Schmidelia. Tree 30 feet. 8 S. VITICIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 7. p. 215.) leaves ternate ; leaflets stalked, acute at both ends, remotely crenate- serrated, smooth above, pubescent beneath, elliptic-oblong, lateral ones unequal-sided ; racemes panicled. fj . S. Native of Cuba near Havannah. Vitex-leaved Schmidelia. Tree. 9 S. RACEMOSA (Lin. mant. 67.) leaflets stalked, somewhat serrated, smooth ; racemes simple. fj . S. Native of the East Indies. Usubis triphylla, Burm. ind. t. 32. f. 1. Ornitrophe Schmidelia, Pers. ench. l.p. 412. Allophyllus racemosus, Swartz, prod. p. 62. Branches flexuous. Flowers digynous. This species is very like S. Cobbe. .Racemose-flowered Schmidelia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. Tree 12 feet. 10 S. BOJERIAVNA (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 38.) leaves ternate, smoothish, pale-green above, paler beneath ; leaflets oblong, nearly sessile and nearly entire, terminal one cuneated and somewhat acuminated, lateral ones bluntish ; racemes axil- lary, branched. Ij . S. Native of Madagascar, where it is called Lefoun-doula. Bojer's Schmidelia. Tree. US. COMINIA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 667.) leaflets stalked, oblong, tapering to both ends, serrated, pubescent beneath ; racemes compound. T? . S. Native of Jamaica in the western 664 SAPINDACEiE. VII. SCHMIDELIA. VIII. IRINA. IX. PROSTEA. mountains as well as of Cuba. Rhus Cominia, Lin. amcen. 5. p 395. Allophyllus Corainia, Swartz, prod. 62. Ornitrophe Cominia, Willd. spec. 2. p. 323.— Sloan, hist. 2. t. 208. f. 1. Flowers small, whitish-yellow. Fruit small orange-coloured. The tree is called Cominia by the natives of Jamaica. Cominia Schmidelia. Clt. 1778. Tree 15 feet. 12 S. AFRICA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 610.) leaflets stalked, oval> tapering to both ends, serrate-toothed ; peduncle divided into 2 or 3 somewhat spiked racemes. Jj . S. Native of Guinea in the kingdom of Waree, on the banks of the river Formosa. Allophyllus Africanus, Beauv. fl. d'ow. 2. p. 74. t. 107. S. racemosa, Afz. mss. African Schmidelia. Tree 20 feet. 13 S. DISTA'CIIYA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 610.) leaflets stalked, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, serrated, smooth ; racemes axil- lary, twin, spike-formed. Tj . S. Native of Bengal. Very like S. Afncana. Twin-spiked Schmidelia. Tree 20 feet. 14 S. OCCIDENTALS (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 665.) leaflets almost sessile, oblong, tapering to both ends, serrated, smooth, or somewhat tomentose beneath ; racemes simple. J? . S. Na- tive of St. Domingo among bushes on the mountains, and on the Andes about Quindiu. Ornitrophe occidentalis, Willd. spec. 2. p. 323. Lam. ill. t. 309. f. 2. Western Schmidelia. Shrub 8 feet. 15 S. SPICA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 611.) leaflets sessile, ovate, somewhat serrated, tomentose beneath, terminal leaflet twice the size of the lateral ones ; racemes spicate, filiform. Tj . S. Native of? Ornitrophe spicata, Poir. diet. 8. p. 265. /Spcate-flowered Schmidelia. Tree. 16 S. TIMORIE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 611.) leaflets sessile, ovate, acuminated, serrate-toothed, smooth ; racemes compound. J; . S. Native of the Island of Timor, and probably of Malabar. — This is probably Molago Maram of Rheed. mal. 5. t. 25. Timor Schmidelia. Tree small. 17 S. GLABRA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 122.) leaflets stalked, elliptical, obtuse, somewhat mucronated, quite entire, smooth ; racemes ternate. fj . S. Native of South Ame- rica on the banks of the river Magdalena near Nares. Smooth-leaved Schmidelia. Tree 40 feet. 18 S. MOLLIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 122.) leaflets stalked, elliptical-oblong, repandly-toothletted, hairy above, hairy-tomentose on the veins and nerves below ; racemes compound. fj . S. Native of New Granada in shady places. Soft Schmidelia. Tree 60 feet. 19 S. GuARANi'ncA.(St. Hil. bull, philom. 1823. p. 133.) leaflets coarsely toothed at the top, and pubescent beneath, in- termediate one stalked, lanceolate, lateral ones ovate-lanceolate ; common petiole downy ; racemes simple, much shorter than the leaves. ^ . S. Native of Brazil. Guaranitic Schmidelia. Tree. 20 S. COCHINCHINE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 611.) leaves on long petioles ; leaflets serrated ; racemes terminal ; petals pilose, small. ~Tj . G. Native of Cochin-china on the banks of rivers. Allophyllus ternatis, Lour. fl. coch. 232. This shrub is pro- bably identical with S. Coble or Timoriensis. Flowers small, white. The inhabitants of Cochin-china use the leaves of this shrub as a cataplasm for contusions. Cochin-china Schmidelia. Shrub 5 feet. 21 S. TERNA'TA (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 24.) leaves trifoliate ; racemes axillary, nearly simple ; petals smooth. ^ . G. Native of New Caledonia. Pometia ternata, Willd. spec. 3. p. 398. Aporetica ternata, Forst. gen. p. 74. Flowers white ? Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. Stamens 8. Ternate-leaved Schmidelia. Tree. 22 S. GEME'LLA (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 24.) leaves trifoliate ; racemes axillary, spiked ; petals pilose. Jj . G. Na- tive of Cochin-china. Gemella trifoliata, Lour. fl. coch. 649. Aporetica Gemella, D. C. prod. 1. p. 610. Schmidelia Co- chinchinensis, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 222. Flowers white. Leaflets ovate-lanceolate, unequally-serrated, smooth. TVi'in-fruited Schmidelia. Shrub 6 feet. 23 S. HETEROPHY'LLA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 383. t. 82.) leaves nearly simple, rarely trifoliate, terminal one oblong- cuneated, acuminated, sharply-serrated, smoothish ; lateral leaf- lets small or abortive ; racemes spike-formed, axillary. Tj . S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Flowers yellowish-green. Thouinia dioica, Nees et Mart. nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 21. t. 4. Various-leaved Schmidelia. Shrub 4 feet. * * Leaves simple. 24 S. RI'OIDA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 663.) leaves ovate- lanceolate, spiny-toothletted ; racemes simple. Tj . S. Native of Hispaniola on arid mountains. Ornitrophe rigida, Willd. spec. 2. p. 324. Allophyllus racemosus, Swartz, prod. 62. This plant has the habit of Thouinia simplicifblia. Stiff Schmidelia. Shrub 6 feet. 25 S. ALLOPHY'LLUS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 611.) leaves oval, acuminated, quite entire ; racemes axillary, very short. Ij . S. Native of Ceylon. Allophyllus Zeylanicus, Lin. spec. 496. Or- nitrophe Allophyllus, Pers. ench. 1. p. 412. Foreign Schmidelia. Tree 20 feet? Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will suit this genus well, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. The species are not worth cultivating unless in general collections. VIII. IRl'NA (meaning not evident). Blum. bijd. p. 229. Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 24. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, per- manent. Petals 5, naked inside, length of calyx. Disk emar- ginate, girding the genitals. Stamens 5, approximating the pis- til in the male flowers, very long. Ovary didymous, 2-celled ; cells 1-ovulate. Style crowned by an obtuse stigma. Carpel solitary from abortion, coriaceous, dry, indehiscent. Seed soli- tary, exarillate. — Trees with abruptly pinnate leaves, and spiked, terminal panicles of flowers. 1 I. GLA'BRA (Blum, bijdr. p. 230.) leaflets smooth, serrated ; panicle composed of numerous spikes or racemes, fy . S. Na- tive of Java. Smooth Irina. Tree. 2 I. TOMENTOSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 230.) leaves tomentose ; leaflets serrated ; panicle composed of numerous racemes, also tomentose. ^ • S. Native of Java. Tomentose Irina. Tree. 3 I. INTEGE'RRIMA (Blum, bijdr. p. 231.) leaflets smooth, quite entire ; panicle composed of numerous spikes or racemes. ^2 . S. Native of Java. Very-entire-\eafietteA Irina. Tree. Cult. Loam and sand will suit this genus well, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. IX. PRO'STEA (in honour of M. Prost, of Mende, who has published a catalogue of the plants of Lozere, and who deserves to be recognised by botanists on account of his distributing among them dried plants of that country). Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 25. t. 1. e. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, 2 outer lobes smallest. Petals 5, each furnished with a small scale on the inside at the base. Disk annular, occupying the bottom of the calyx. Stamens 20, inserted between the margin of the disk and the ovary, disposed in a double series. Style crowned by a somewhat 3-toothed stigma, immersed between the lobes of the SAPINDACE.E. IX. PROSTEA. X. LEPISANTHES. XI. SAPINIWS. 660 ovary. Ovary deeply 4-lobed ; lobes roundish, 3-celled ; cells 1-ovulate. Fruit indehiscent, 1-lobed from abortion, fleshy. 1 -celled. — A tree with impari-pinnate, exstipulate leaves. Flowers fasciculate, in compound racemes. Petals pilose. 1 P. PINNA'TA (Cabess. 1. c.) Tj . S. Native of Guinea. Ornitrophe pinnata, Poir. 8. p. 266. Schmidelia pinnkta, D. C. prod. 1. p. 611. Leaves with 6-7 pairs of smoothish, oblong- acuminated leaflets. Petioles and branchlets pubescent. Pinnate-leaved Prostea. Tree. Cult. Loam and peat will suit this tree, and ripe cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. X. LEPISA'NTHES (from XtTrte, lepis, a scale, and avSoe, anthos, a flower ; in allusion to the scales on the petals). Blum. bijdr. 137 and 238. Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 25. LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 sepals, some- what unequal, imbricate. Petals 4-5, a little longer than the calyx, each furnished with a scale on the inside. Disk emargi- nate, girding the genitals. Stamens 8, very short, approximating the pistil. Ovary trigonal, 3-celled ; cells 1-ovulate. Style almost wanting. Stigma obtuse. Drupe ? tetragonal, contain- ing a 3-celled, 3-seeded nucleus. — A tree with abruptly-pinnate leaves ; leaflets nearly opposite. Racemes simple, axillary, and lateral. 1 L. MONTA'NA (Blum. 1. c.) Tj . S. Native of Java. Mountain Lepisanthes. Tree. Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will suit this tree, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XI. SAPI'NDUS (a syncope of Sapo-Indicus, Indian-soap. The aril which surrounds the seeds of S. saponaria is used as soap in South America). Lin. gen. no. 499. D. C. prod. 1. p. 607. LIN. SVST. Oclo-Dec&ndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, naked on the inside, or furnished with a scale above the claw. Disk occupying the bottom of the calyx, regular, en- tire or crenulated. Stamens 8-10, inserted between the margin of the disk and ovary. Style crowned by a 3 rarely 2-lobed stigma. Fruit fleshy, 1 -2-lobed from abortion, rarely 3-lobed ; lobes roundish, indehiscent, 1-2-seeded from abortion, rarely 3- seeded. Seeds without aril. Embryo curved or straight. — Trees with exstipulate, impari or abruptly-pinnate leaves, or from abortion having only one leaflet ; leaflets opposite or alter- nate. Racemes disposed in terminal panicles. Berries all red and saponaceous, and may be used in the same manner as those of S. saponaria. Flowers small, white, or greenish-white. * Rachis rvinged. 1 S. SAPONAVRIA (Lin. spec. 526. exclusive of the synonyme of Pluk.) rachis of leaves decurrent, broadly winged ; leaflets quite entire, lanceolate, 3-4 pairs, with an odd one, which is ter- minated by a long point ; panicles terminal ; fruit round. J? . S. Native of the Caribbee Islands and various parts of South Ame- rica. Ruiz etPav.fl.per. 4.t. 341. — Comm.hort.l. t. 94. Flowers small and white. These are succeeded by oval or round berries as large as cherries, sometimes single, at others 3 or 4 are joined together ; these have a saponaceous skin, which incloses a very smooth, roundish nut, of a shining-black when ripe. These nuts were formerly brought to England for buttons to waistcoats, some were tipped with gold, and others with different metals ; they were very durable, as they did not wear, and seldom broke. The skin and pulp which surround the nuts are used in America to wash linen, but it is very apt to burn and destroy it if often used, being of a very acrid nature. The seed vessels, according to P. Browne, are very detersive and acrid ; they lather freely in water, and will cleanse more linen than sixty times their VOL. i. — PART. vn. weight of soap ; but they are observed to corrode or burn the linen in time, and the water in which the tops or leaves have been steeped or boiled has the same quality in some degree. The seeds are round and hard, have a fine polish, and are fre- quently made into buttons and beads among the Spaniards. The whole plant, especially the seed-vessels, being pounded and steeped in ponds, rivulets, or creeks, are observed to intoxicate and kill fish. Common Soap-Berry. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1697. Tree 20 ft. 2 S. MARGINA'TUS (Willd. enum. 432.) rachis of leaves with a narrow margin at the top ; leaflets 6 pairs, lanceolate. 1? . G. Native of Georgia and Carolina on the sea-coast. S. saponaria, Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 242. Fruit possessing the same qualities as those of the preceding species. Flowers small, white. Marginate-pet\o\ed Soap-Berry. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1697. Tree 12 feet. 3 S. FORSY'THH (D. C. prod. 1. p. 607.) rachis of leaves with a narrow wing ; leaflets quite entire, coriaceous, on very short petioles, elliptical, tapering to both ends, 3-5 pairs. fj . S. Native of the Island of Granada on the sea-beach. The leaves when bruised have a smell like that of garlic. Fruit globose, pos- sessing the same quality as that of the first species. Flowers small, white, numerous, disposed in dense terminal panicles. Forsytes Soap-Berry. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. ? Shrub 8 feet. 4 S. STENO'PTERUS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 607.) rachis of leaves with a very narrow wing ; leaflets 4 or 5 pairs, quite entire, coriaceous, ovate-oblong, and very much acuminated. Fj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Panicle terminal, loose. Flowers small, white. Very like S. rigidus, but differs in the petiole being winged and smooth. Narron>-winged-pet\d\e& Soap-Berry. Shrub 10 feet. 5 S. MICROCA'RPA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 341.) leaves abruptly-pinnate, with 3-4 pairs of leaflets on a winged petiole ; panicles terminal ; fruit small, round. Tj . S. Native of Peru. Small-fruited Soap-Berry. Shrub. * * Rachis or common petiole not rvinged, 6 S. RI'OIDUS (Ait. hort. kew, 2. p. 36.) rachis pubescent ; leaflets 3 pairs, ovate-oblong, smooth. \} . S. Native of South America and the West Indies. Gsert. fruct. 1. 1. 70. f. 3 — Pluk. aim. t. 217. f. 7. Flowers small, white, disposed in super- decompound, terminal racemes, a foot long. Berry with a thin pulp, becoming towards the middle a white, tomentose, spongy substance, embracing a trigonal-globular, bony nut. Stiff-leaved Soap-Berry. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1759. Tree 20 feet. 7 S. ARBORE'SCENS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 357. t. 139.) leaflets 3 pairs, ovate, each with a short acumen, smooth ; racemes axillary, nearly simple. Jj . S. Native of Guiana in woods. Flowers unknown. Fruit small, red. Arborescent Soap-Berry. Clt. 1824. Shrub 7 feet. 8 S. FRUTE'SCENS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 355. t. 138.) leaflets oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, smooth, 7 pairs ; racemes axil- lary, almost simple. Jj . S. Native of Guiana in woods and cultivated fields. Flowers unknown. Fruit twin, globose, scarlet, about the size of a cherry. Stem straight. Frutescent Soap-Berry. Clt. 1824. Shrub 8 feet. 9 S. DIVARICA'TUS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 390.) rachis wing- less ; leaves with 3-5 pairs of lanceolate-falcate, acute, smoothish, unequal-sided leaflets : racemes short, branched ; calyx pubes- cent ; petals naked. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Racemes forming a panicle. Stamens 8-10. Divaricate-pamcled Soap-Berry. Tree 20 feet. 10 S. SURINAME'NSIS (Poir. diet. 6. p. 600.) leaflets 6-8 pairs, elliptical-lanceolate, very smooth, membranaceous ; pani- 4Q 666 SAPINDACEJE. XI. SAPINDUS. XII. ERIOGLOSSUM. XIII. MOULINSIA. cles divaricate. T? . S. Native of Surinam. Flowers greenish- white. Fruit globose, hardly the size of a cherry. Surinam Soap-Berry. Shrub 10 feet. 11 S. INJEQUA'LIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 608.) leaflets ovate-lan- ceolate, acuminated, smooth, broader on one side than the other, 4 pairs ; panicles divaricate. Jj . S. Native of Guadaloupe. Lam. ill. t. 307. f. 1. S. laurifolius, in herb. Balb. but not of Vahl. Flowers small, whitish. Unequal-leaved Soap-Berry. Shrub 6 feet. 12 S. ANGULA TUS (Poir. diet. 6. p. 665.) leaflets broad-ovate, obtuse, coriaceous, smooth and shining above, pubescent beneath, 3 pairs ; fruit of 3 joined carpels, which are keeled on the back. fj.S. Native of? Angular-fruited Soap-Berry. Shrub 6 feet. IS S. JUGLANDIFOLIUS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 391.) rachis wingless ; leaves with 4-5 pairs of oblong, equal-sided, smooth leaflets, which are rounded at the apex ; racemes branched ; calyx hairy ; petals each furnished with a 2-lobed scale on the inside. Tj . S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Stamens 8. Walnut-leaved-Soa.p-'Rerry. Tree 25 feet. 14 S. ESCULE'NTUS (St. Hil. pi. usu. bras. no. 68. fl. bras. 1. p. 391.) rachis wingless ; leaves with 2-4 pairs of oblong, attenu- ated, equal-sided, smooth leaflets ; racemes spike-formed ; calyx tomentose ; petals each furnished with a bifid scale on the inside at the base. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, where it is called Pittombera, and where the inhabitants eat the aril which surrounds the seeds. Esculent Soap-Berry. Tree 20 feet. 15 S. SENEGALE'NSIS (Poir. diet. 6. p. 666.) rachis of leaves flattened and striped, somewhat pubescent; leaflets ovate, lanceolate, smooth, with strong nerves on both surfaces, 2-3 pairs. Tj . S. Native of Senegal. Fruit globose, the size of a strawberry. Senegal Soap-Berry. Clt. 1823. Tree 10 feet. 16 S. GUINEE'NSIS; leaflets numerous, ovate-lanceolate ; young branches, as well as panicles, clothed with rufous hairs ; panicles large, terminal. ^ . S. Native of Guinea. Fruit red, about the size of a cherry, with a whitish farinaceous pulp. Guinea Soap-Berry. Fl. April, May. Shrub 6 feet. 17 S. TETRAPHY'LLUS (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 54.) leaflets lanceo- late-oblong, smooth, 2 pairs ; racemes almost simple ; petals smooth. I; • S. Native of the East Indies. Four-leaved Soap-Berry. Shrub 8 feet. 18 S. SALICIFOLIUS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 608.) leaflets 2 pairs; linear-lanceolate, acuminated, smooth ; racemes compound ; pe- tals bearded on the inside. Tj . S. Native of the Island of Timor. Fruit unknown. Willow-leaved Soap-Berry. Shrub 6 feet. 19 S. LAURIFOLIUS (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 54.) leaflets 3 pairs, ovate-oblong, attenuated, smooth ; panicles loose ; petals tomen- tose on the borders. Tj . S. Native of Malabar. — Rheed. mal. 4. t. 19. S. trifoliata, Lin. spec. 625. Laurel-leaved Soap-Berry. Clt. 1820. Tree 10 feet. 20 S. LONGIFOLIUS (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 53.) leaflets 5 pairs, smooth, with a terminal, lanceolate leaflet. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Calyx tomentose-hoary. Fruit unknown. Long-leaved Soap-Berry. Clt. 1820. Tree 10 feet. 21 S. EMARGINA'TUS (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 54.) leaflets 2-3 pairs, oblong, emarginate, villous beneath ; panicles decompound, pu- bescent ; petals with tomentose margins. T? . S. Native of the East Indies. Fruit of 3 joined carpels, somewhat globular, and densely clothed with yellowish hairs. Emarginate-leaved Soap-Berry. Clt. 1822. Tree 12 feet. 22 S. RA'RAK (D. C. prod. 1. p. 608.) leaflets 3-10 pairs, oblong, retuse, very smooth, membranaceous. Jj . S. Native of Java, Amboyna, and Cochin-china. — Rarak, Rumph. amb. 1 2. p. 134. S. saponaria, Lour. coch. 238 ? S. pinnatus, Mill, diet. no. 3. ? Loureiro celebrates the berries of this tree, slightly bruised and steeped in water, as a very excellent soap, and remarks, that it is only required to use them with prudence, all abstergents being in some degree corrosive. He describes it as a very large tree, and as both wild and cultivated in Cochin- china. It has also been found in the South-sea Islands. Rarak Soap-Berry. Tree 40 feet. 23 S. ABRU'PTUS (Lour. fl. coch. 238.) leaves abruptly- pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, smooth ; flowers campanulate, of 4 sepals and 4 petals. J? . G. Native of China about Canton. Racemes large, terminal. Flowers pale. Abrupt-leaded Soap-Berry. Tree 30 feet. 24 S. MUKOROSSI (Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 342. t. 70.) leaflets 6 pairs, alternate, ovate-lanceolate, smooth, tender ; berry ovate, acuminated at both ends, fj . G. Native of Japan about Jeddo. Thunb. jap. 356. no. 37. Fruit of 3 carpels, 2 of them are abor- tive, the third very large. Thunberg informs us, that the fruit was reported by the Japanese physicians to be bitter and juicy. The tree is called Mukorossi in Japan. Mukorossi or Japan Soap-Berry. Tree 20 feet. •j- Species not sufficiently known, rvilh simple leaves. 25 S. ? I'NDICUS (Poir. diet. 6. p. 667.) leaves almost sessile, smooth, netted with veins, usually linear -lanceolate, undivided, but sometimes, it is divided to the base into 2 opposite, ovate- lanceolate lobes. T? . S. Native of the East Indies. Indian Soap-Berry. Tree 20 feet. 26 S. SIMPLICIFOLIUS ; leaves simple, oblong, entire, coriace- ous, oblique at the base ; panicles axillary. J; . S. Native of Guinea. Simple-leaved Soap-Berry. Shrub 4 feet. Cult. Sapindus is a genus of trees and shrubs possessing no beauty, therefore they are hardly worth cultivating except in general collections. They will thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and large cuttings will strike root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. Seeds obtained from the places of their natural growth should be sown directly. XII. ERIOGLO'SSUM (from tpiov, erion, wool, and -yXwatra, glossa, a tongue ; in allusion to the scales of the petals being villous). Blum, bijdr. p. 229. Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 27. LIN. SYST. Octdndrla, Monogynia. Calyx 5-sepalled, 2 inner sepals smallest. Petals 4, concave, each furnished with a bifid, villous scale on the inside. Stamens 8, unequal, villous. Ova- ries 3, 1-seeded, connate with the style, which is crowned by an obtuse stigma. Carpels elliptical, baccate, connate at the base, usually solitary from abortion. — A shrub with the habit of Sa- pindus, bearing eatable fruit, and with pinnate leaves ; leaflets 3-4 pairs, usually with an odd one. 1 E. E'DDLE (Blum. 1. c.) Tj . S. Native of Java. Sapindus edulis, Blum. cat. hort. buitenz. .EataWe-fruited Erioglossum. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit this shrub, and ripe cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XIII. MOULI'NSIA (in honour of M. Charles des Moulins, of Bourdeaux, author of many interesting memoirs on various branches of natural history). Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 27. t. 2. LIN. SYST. Octandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 4, the fifth deficient, and with its seat vacant, each furnished with a cucullate scale above the base, with the scales crested at the apex, and ending in an inflexed appendage beneath the apex. SAPINDACEjE. XIII. MOULINSIA. XIV. CUPANIA. 667 Disk incomplete, 4-lobed, with the lobes opposite the petals. Stamens 8, excentral, connate around the ovary at the base. Pistil excentral. Style crowned by a somewhat S-lobed stigma, seated between the lobes of the ovary. Ovary 3-lobed, 3-celled ; cells 1-ovulate. Capsule 3, or from abortion only 2-lobed, 2-3- celled, opening at the cells into 2-3 valves. — Trees with exsti- pulate ? abruptly-pinnate leaves ; leaflets alternate or opposite. Flowers racemose, white. 1 M. CUPANOIDES (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 40. t. 2.) leaves with 5-7 pairs of oblong, somewhat acuminated, stalked, entire leaflets, which taper to both ends ; racemes compound, terminal. Tj . S. Native of Timor and Java. Sapindus fraxi- nifolius ? D. C. prod. 1. p. 608. Cupania-like Moulinsia. Tree. 2 M. RUBIGINOSA ; petioles villous ; leaves with many pairs of opposite, nearly sessile, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, mucronate, entire, nearly smooth leaflets ; panicle terminal, composed of numerous simple racemes. ^ . S. Native of Pulo-Penang and Coromandel. Sapindus rubiginosus, Roxb. cor. 1. p. 44. t. 62. Calyx of 5 unequal sepals. Petals 4, white, appendi- culate at the base ; appendages furnished with 2 transverse lines of white hairs. Stamens villous, 8, unequal, incumbent. This tree is called Ishyrashy among the Telingas. The wood is very useful for various purposes, being large, straight, strong, and durable, towards the centre it is of a chocolate colour. Rusted Moulinsia. Clt. 1821. Tree 20 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit these trees, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XIV. CUPA NI A (in memory of Father Francis Cupani, an Italian monk, author of Hortus Catholicus and other botanical works, died in 1710). Plum. gen. p. 49. t. 19. Pers. ench. 1. p. 413. D. C. prod. 1. p. 612. — Trigonis, Jacq. amer. 100. Molinse'a, Juss. gen. 245. — Guioa, Cav. icon. 4. p. 49. — Dime- reza, Labill. nov. cal. t. 51. — Gelonium, Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 271. —Tina, Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 985. — Ratonia, D. C. prod. 1. p. 618. — Mischocarpus, Blum, bijdr. 238. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft or 5- parted. Petals 5, each furnished with a small scale above the base (perhaps always) rarely wanting. Disk occupying the bottom of the calyx, regular, entire, or crenulated. Stamens 10, or from abortion 9-5, inserted between the margin of the disk and the ovary. Style trifid or undivided. Capsule pear- shaped, 2-3-sided, 2-3-valved, 2-3-celled. Seeds erect, aril- late. — Trees or shrubs with exstipulate ? abruptly-pinnate leaves, or from abortion simple ; leaflets opposite and alternate. Flowers whitish, in racemose panicles or racemes. SECT. I. TRIGONIS (from rptic, treis, three, and yuvia, gonia, an angle ; the petals are of the form of a triangle). Jacq. amer. 100. Petals convolutely cucullate at the apex. — American species. 1 C. TOMENTOSA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 657.) leaflets 3-4- pairs, obovate, retuse, clothed with fine rusty tomentum beneath, serrate-toothed at the top of the lateral nerves ; outer leaflets largest. T? . S. Native of Hispaniola, Guadaloupe, and on the banks of the river Magdalena in woods. Trigonis tomentosa, Jacq. amer. 102. — Plum, ed Burm. t. 110. C. Americana, Lin. Petals yellowish, triangular, and hairy on the inside. Tomentose-\eaved Cupania. Clt. 1818. Tree 30 feet. 2 C. EXCE'LSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 125.) leaflets usually 5 pairs, oblong, bluntish, remotely toothletted, coriaceous, smoothish above, but pubescent beneath. If} . S. Native of Mexico on the mountains. Tall Cupania. Clt. 1 824. Tree 60 feet. 3 C. VERNA us (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 387.) leaves with 5-6 pairs of oblong, sharply-serrated leaflets, which taper to the base, smooth above and puberulous beneath ; calyx tomentose. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Grande do Sul, where it is called Cambuata. Ovary 3-lobed, 3-celled. Flowers decan- drous ; filaments pilose. Spring Cupania. Tree 20 feet. 4 C. EUPHORLEFOLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 388.) leaves with 4-5 pairs of oblong, entire, smoothish leaflets, which are narrowed at the base ; calyx permanent, puberulous ; fruit pubescent. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Capsule pear-shaped, 2-3-lobed, 2-3-celled. Euphoria-leaved Cupania. Shrub. 5 C. PANICULA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 388. t. 80.) leaves with 5 pairs of elliptic, obtuse leaflets, rounded at the base, dentately serrated, shining above but tomentose beneath ; calyx tomentose. ^ • S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers octandrous. Filaments pilose. Panicled-fiowered Cupania. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 6 C. LATirbnA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 126.) leaflets 2 pairs, obovate-oblong, retuse, repandly toothed, smooth, but hairy on the veins beneath. ^ • S. Native of an island in the river Magdalena, called Isla de Brugas. Fruit unknown. Broad-leaved Cupania. Tree 40 feet. 7 C. SCROBICULA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 127.) leaflets 4 pairs, oblong, retuse, remotely and sharply toothed, somewhat membranaceous, smooth, scrobiculate at the origin of the veins beneath. T; . S. Native of New Granada near Turbaco. This species comes very near C. glabra. Scrobiculate-leaved Cupania. Tree 20 feet. 8 C. RETICULA'TA (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 41.) leaves with 2-3 pairs of elliptical, short-acuminated pr rounded at the apex, entire, stalked, reticulately veined, smooth leaflets ; calyx permanent, 5-parted, tomentose ; capsule obcordate, pear-shaped, 3-lobed, tomentose. Jj . S. Native of Guiana. Flowers dis- posed in large, spreading, racemose panicles. Reticulated-leaved Cupania. Tree. 9 C. GLA'BRA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 659.) leaflets 3-4 pairs, ovate, obtuse, crenated, smooth, acuminated at the base. T? . S. Native of Jamaica, where it is called Loblolly-tree, and St. Do- mingo in the mountains. Smooth Cupania. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822. Tree 14 feet. 10 C. EMARGINA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 386.) leaves with 2-3 pairs of obovate, subcuneated, emarginate, entire, smooth leaflets ; calyx deciduous ; fruit smooth. T? . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. Capsule obcordate, 2- celled, 2-valved. Emarginate-\eaved Cupania. Tree 15 feet. 11C. ZANTHOXYLOIDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 386. t. 79.) leaves with 2-3 pairs of obovate-oblong, dentately-serrated, smooth leaflets, which are narrowed at the base, smooth above and tomentose beneath ; calyx permanent, tomentose ; fruit pu- bescent. Tj . S. Native of Brazil near the town of St. Paul. Capsule pear-shaped, 3-lobed, 3-valved. Zanthoxy Ion-like Cupania. Shrub 6 to 7 feet. 12 C. SAPONA'RIA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 413.) leaflets 5-6 pairs, oblong, tapering to both ends, entire, scabrous and pubescent beneath. T? . S. Native of the West Indies. C. saponarioides, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2 p. 661. Saponaria-like Cupania. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1810. Tr. 20 ft. 13 C. POIRE' TII (Kunth, ann. des scienc. nat. 1. p. 457.) leaflets usually 4 pairs, oblong, acute, coriaceous, smoothish, shining above ; branches and panicled racemes covered with rusty tomentum. T? . S. Native of Trinidad and Guadaloupe. Robinia rubiginosa, Poir. syst. veg. 3. p. 247- 4a 2 668 SAPINDACE&. XIV. CUPANIA. Poiret's Cupania. Tree 20 feet. 14 C. VOUA-RA'NA (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 42.) leaves with 2-3 pairs of elliptic or oblong-obovate, obtuse, or shortly acuminated, obsoletely-sinuated, smooth, stalked leaflets ; calyx 5-parted, tomentose, permanent, at length smooth ; capsule ob- cordate, 2-lobed, smooth, f? . S. Native of Guiana, where it is called Voua-rana. Voua-rana Guianensis, Aubl. guian. suppl. p. 12. t. 374. Matayba? Voua-rana, D. C. prod. 1. p. 609. Cupania laevigata, Rich. ined. Racemes axillary, branched. Flowers in fascicles on the racemes. Voua-rana Cupania. Tree. 15 C. PUNCTA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 389.) leaves with 5-C pairs of ovate, obtuse, usually somewhat emarginate, quite entire leaflets, which are smoothish above and pubescent beneath ; calyx hairy. Jj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers usually decandrous. Filaments pilose. Dotted Cupania. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 16 C. GEMINA'TA (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 419.) leaflets 2, oval, acuminated, entire, glaucous above, puberulous beneath ; lateral nerves prominent, confluent at the apex. Tj . S. Native of Cayenne. C. diphylla, Vahl. ? Younger capsules velvety, bluntly trigonal. Twin-leaved Cupania. Tree. 17 C. ? NITIDA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 613.) leaflets 1-2 pairs, with an odd one, oval, acuminated, entire, coriaceous, very smooth on both surfaces. Jj . S. Native of French Guiana or Cayenne. Young capsules velvety, adult ones smooth, 3-winged at the apex. This is probably a species of Paull'mia. (Shining-leaved Cupania. Tree ? SECT. II. MOLIN^'A (in honour of John Des Moulins, a French physician). Juss. gen. 245. Lam. ill. t. 305. D. C. prod. 1. p. 613. Petals flattish, a little larger than the calyx. Filaments very short, villous. Mauritian or East Indian species. 18 C. L.K vis (Pers. ench. 1. p. 413.) leaflets 2-3 pairs, oppo- site, oblong, quite entire, very smooth, coriaceous ; nerves hardly prominent. Tj . S. Native of the island of Bourbon. Molinae'a, Lam. ill. t. 305. f. 1. Molinae'a lae'vis, Willd. spec. 2. p. 329. Capsules obovate, triquetrous-winged. Corymbs of flowers panicled, terminal. Smooth Cupania. Tree small. 19 C. CHAPELIERIA'NA (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 44.) leaves with 3-7 pairs of elliptical, oblong, smooth, toothed leaflets, which are shining above and narrowed at the base ; calyx permanent, puberulous ; capsule obovoid, smooth ; ra- cemes axillary, a little longer than the leaves. T? . S. Native of Madagascar. Chapelier's Cupania. Tree. 20 C. ALTERNIFOLIA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 413.) leaflets 4-5 pairs, usually alternate, quite entire, very smooth, coriaceous ; nerves hardly prominent. ^ • s- Native of the Island of Bourbon. This plant is probably nothing more than a slight variety of C. lce~ms. Molinse'a, Lam. ill. t. 305. f. 2. M. alternifolia, Willd. spec. 2. p. 329. Alternate-leafletted Cupania. Tree. 21 C. PERROTTE'TII (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 45.) leaves with 2-3 pairs of elliptical, acutish or obtuse, quite entire, stalked, smooth leaflets ; calyx deciduous, 5-parted, hairy ; cap- sule obovate, somewhat emarginate at the apex, somewhat 2- lobed, smooth. J? . S. Native of the Philippine Islands. Racemes very short, axillary. Perrottet's Cupania. Tree. 22 C. VENULOSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 613.) leaflets 1-2 pairs, opposite, oblong, quite entire, very smooth, netted with rather prominent nervules. ^ . S. Native of the island of Bourbon and the Mauritius. Leaflets very like the leaves of Vaccmium vltis-idea. Ferny-leaved Cupania. Tree. 23 C. THOUARSIA'NA (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 45.) leaves with 2 pairs of obovate -oblong, cuneated, emarginate, quite entire, smooth leaflets ; calyx permanent, puberulous ; capsule obovate, smooth ; racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves, densely puberulous. ^ . S. Native of Madagascar. Petit Thouars's Cupania. Tree. 24 C. CANE'SCENS (Pers. ench. 1. p. 413.) leaflets 2 pairs, opposite, elliptical-oblong, quite entire, shining, even, smooth. Tj . S. Native of Coromandel in the mountains. Molinse'a canescens, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 29. Panicles axillary. Cap- sules ovate, 3-furrowed, not winged. Hoary Cupania. Clt. 1818. Tree 16 feet. 25 C. TOLA'MBITOU (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 43.) leaves with 2-3 pairs of oblong, subacuminated, quite entire, nearly sessile, quite smooth, leaflets, which are narrowed at the base ; calyx deciduous ; capsule obcordately 3-lobed, smooth ; racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves. tj . S. Native of Madagascar, where it is called Tolambitout. Tolambitou Cupania. Tree. SECT. III. ADONTA'RIA (from ocioue olovroe, odous odontos, a tooth ; petals toothed). D. C. prod. 1. p. 614. Petals cre- nate-toothed at the apex, inserted in a 5-parted or 5-tubercled hypogynous disk. Filaments villous at the base. 26 C. DENTA'TA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 614.) leaflets 6-7 pairs, alternate, oval-oblong, cre- nate-toothed. Tj . S. Native of Mexico. Panicle terminal. Petals white, equal in length with the pubescent calyx, cuneated, 3-toothed at the apex. Capsules red, ovate, 3-furrowed, wingless. Toothed-leaved Cupania. Clt. 1824. Tree small. SECT. IV. GUIOA (in honour of Joseph Guio, a botanical artist, mentioned by Cavanilles). Cav. icon. 4. p. 49. D. C. prod. 1. p. 412. Petals flat, smaller than the calyx. Filaments smooth. Capsules 3-winged, or perhaps of 3 distinct carpels. This section will probably form a distinct genus. 27 C. RATONIA (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 47.) leaves with 2-3 pairs of oblong-spatulate, somewhat cuneated, obtuse or a little emarginate, quite entire, smooth, stalked leaflets ; calyx 5-parted, permanent ; capsule obcordate, 2-lobed, smooth ; racemes simple, axillary, solitary. tj . S. Native of St. Do- mingo, where it is called Raton. Raton Cupania. Tree. 28 C. LENTISCIFOLIA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 413.) leaflets 3 pairs, alternate, lanceolate, quite entire, coriaceous. ^ . S. Native of the island of Babao, one of the Friendly Islands. Guioa len- tiscifolia, Cav. icon. 4. p. 49. t 373. Petals red. Panicle terminal. Lentiscus-leaved Cupania. Shrub 6 feet. SECT. V. APE'TALA. Flowers apetalous. Petals wanting. 29 C. APE'TALA (Lab. nov. cal. p. 72. t. 73.) leaflets 5-13 pairs, ovate-lanceolate, smooth ; racemes short, axillary ; flowers polygamous, apetalous. Tj . S. Native of New Caledonia. Apetalous Cupania. Tree 36 feet. 30 C. LESSERTIA'NA (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 46.) leaves with 2-3 pairs of oblong-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, acu- minated, entire, stalked, quite smooth leaflets ; calyx permanent, 5-cleft, hairy ; capsule pear-shaped, smooth. \i . S. Native of Java. Mischocarpus Sundaicus, Blum, bijdr. p. 238. Ra- cemes axillary, solitary, or twin, spike-formed. Petals wanting. De Lessert's Cupania. Tree. SECT. VI. DIMERE'ZA (from , dimercs, 2-parted ; in SAPINDACE^:. XIV. CUPANIA. XV. HARPULIA. XVI. BLIGHIA. XVII. TALISIA. XVIII. STADMANNIA. 669 allusion to the 2-parted appendages of the petals). Labill. nov. cal. t. 51. Petals 5, orbicular, furnished each with a bifid ap- pendage on the inside. Stamens 8. Capsules coriaceous, 3- valved, 3-seeded. 31 C. GLAU'CA (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 29.) hairy; leaflets 1-2 pairs, lanceolate, glaucous beneath ; flowers panicled. ?2 . G. Native of New Caledonia. Dimereza glauca, Labill. nov. caled. t. 51. Diplopetalum glaucum, Spreng. syst. append, p. 150. Capsule triquetrous, 3-celled, 3-seeded. G7«Mco«s-leaved Cupania. Shrub 9 feet. SECT. VI. TiNA (from Tie, nvoe, tis, t'mos, who, what : at the time the name was given it was uncertain to what genus the plants belonged). Corolla of 5 hairy scales. Stamens 5, in- serted in the base of the pistil. Capsules 2-valved, narrowed at the base, pear-shaped. 32 C. CUPANIOIDES (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 28.) leaves impari-pinnate ; panicles axillary ; capsules obcordate. T? • S. Native of the Mauritius ? Gelonium cupanioides, Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 271. t. 139. Tina cupanioides, D. C. prod. 1. p. 614. Cupania-like Cupania. Tree 20 feet. 33 C. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (Pet. Th. gen. mad. no. *l. under Tina,) capsules acuminated ; leaves alternate, conjugate, or ab- ruptly and impari-pinnate, with woody petioles ; flowers panicled. ^ . S. Native of Madagascar. Cult. The species of Cupania will thrive well in a mixture of sandy loam and peat ; and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. XV. HARPU'LIA (Harpula is its vernacular name at Chit- tagong). Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 441. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Sepals 5. Petals 5, alternate with the stamina. Stamens 5. Style short. Stigma, 2-lobed ; lobes reflexed. Capsule 2-celled ; seeds solitary, arillate. Disk fleshy, villous. A small tree, with abruptly-pin- nate leaves, with from 4-6 pairs of entire, ovate-lanceolate, op- posite, or alternate leaflets, and axillary, solitary panicles of small pale-yellow flowers. 1 H. CUPANIOIDES (Roxb. 1. c.). J;. S. Native of the hills near Chittagong. Cupania-like Harpulia. Fl. April. Tree 20 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will answer this tree well, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XVI. BLFGHIA (in honour of Captain William Bligh, R.N. who first carried the bread-fruit trees to the West Indies). Koenig, in ann. bot. 1806. 2. p. 571. D. C. prod. 1. p. 609. — Akeesia. Tuss. antill. (1808) p. 66. — Bonannia, Raf. speech. (1814) 15. p. 115. LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia, Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, scarcely appendiculate on the inside ? Stamens 8. Style very short. Stigmas 3. Carpels 3, connate, fleshy, opening at the apex. Seeds solitary, seated on a large fleshy aril. — A large tree, with habit of Sapmdus or Cupania. 1 B. SA'PIDA (Keen. I.e. 2. t. 16. and 17.). I? . S. Na- tive of Guinea, from whence it has been introduced into the West Indies and South America. Akeesia Africana, Tuss. antil. p. 66. t. 3. Bonannia nitida, Raf. speech. 15. p. 116. Akee, Lillian, hort. jam. 2. p. 335. Rachis of leaves not winged, pubescent. Leaflets 3 or 4 pairs, ovate-lanceolate, veiny. This is an esteemed African fruit-tree, with reddish or yellowish berries, about the size of a hen's egg, with the aril of the seed of a grateful subacid flavour. In the West Indies it is considered wholesome. Savoury Akee-tree. Fl. Mar. Clt. 1793. Tree 30 feet. Cult. This tree is greatly esteemed for the excellence of its fruit, both in Guinea and the West Indies. It will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat. Ripened cuttings, not de- prived of any of their leaves, will strike root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. The tree has never been brought to a flowering state in this country. XVII. TALI'SIA (Toulichi is the name of T. Guianensis in Guiana). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 349. D. C. prod. 1. p. 609. LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 5-cleft. Petals 5, each furnished with a densely pilose scale above the base, nearly equalling the limb. Disk very fleshy, occupying the whole bottom of the calyx, regular, crenulated. Stamens 8, inserted between the margin of the disk and the ovary. Stigma sessile, obsoletely 3-toothed. Ovary 3-4-celled, with the ovulae fixed to the bottom of the cells. — Trees or shrubs with exstipu- late, abruptly pinnate leaves, with alternate leaflets. Flowers disposed in racemose panicles. 1 T. HEXAPHY'LLA (Vahl. eel. 2. p. 29.) racemes simple ; calyx equal in length to the petals ; leaflets 2-3 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, shining, smooth on both surfaces, fy . S. Native of South America. Six-leaved Talisia. Tree 20 feet. 2 T. MOLLIS (Kunth,mss. Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 48.) racemes decompound, panicled ; calyx shorter than the petals ; leaflets 5 pairs, oval-oblong, acuminated, with the nerves and nervelets hairy beneath. ^ • S. Native of South America. T. Guianensis, D. C. prod. 1. p. 609. exclusive of the synonymes. Soft Talisia. Clt. 1824. Shrub 4 feet. 3 T. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 340. t. 136.) racemes decompound ; calyx shorter than the petals ; leaflets many pairs, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, coriaceous, quite smooth on both surfaces. J? . S. Native of Guiana and Cayenne. G. glabra, D. C. prod. 1. p. 609. Flowers rose-coloured. Guiana Talisia. Shrub 4 feet. 4 T. ? ACLADODEA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 609.) trunk simple ; racemes terminal ; leaves abruptly pinnate ; leaflets oblong- linear, acuminated. ?j . S. Native of Peru in groves. Acla- dcklea pinnata, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. prod. 133. t. 29. syst. p. 262. Tree with the habit of a palm. Female flowers unknown. Unbranched Talisia. Tree 40 feet. Cult. These trees will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and large cuttings, not deprived of any of their leaves, will strike root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XVIII. STADMA'NNIA (in honour of Stadmann, a Ger- man botanical traveller). Lam. ill. t. 312. D. C. prod. 1. p. 615. LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed. Pe- tals wanting. Stamens 8. Ovary oblong. Style very short. Stigma trigonal. Berry globose, 1 -celled, 1-seeded from abor- tion.— Trees with impari-pinnate leaves, and elongated, spike- formed racemes of small whitish flowers. 1 S. SIDERO'XYLON (D. C. prod. 1. p. 615.) leaves alternate, with 3 or 5 pairs of alternate, large, oval, oblong, coriaceous, emarginate, smooth, shining leaflets ; racemes panicled, elon- gated, terminal. Tj . S. Native of the island of Bourbon, where it is called Bois de fer, as well as of Amboyna. Arbor palorum alba, Rumph. amb. 3. t. 65. The wood of this tree is very hard and heavy, of a reddish colour. It is very knotty, and is therefore very difficult to cut. It is commonly used for stakes or pales. Cupania sideroxylon, Cambess. Iron-wooded Stadmannia. Tree 66 feet. 2 S. AUSTRA'LIS ; leaves alternate, with 2 or 3 pairs of large, oblong, retuse, rather coriaceous, opposite leaflets, with an odd one ; young leaves and branches covered with rusty down ; ra- cemes terminal ? Tj . G. Native of New Holland. Southern Stadmannia. Cult. 1820. Tree 60 feet. Cult. Trees with very shewy, large, pinnate leaves. They will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, or a light, loamy 670 SAPINDACE^E. XIX. MATAYBA. XX. NF.PHELIUM. soil ; and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. XIX. MATA'YBA (Matabaiba is the name of M. Guianen- sisin Guiana). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 331. t. 128. Matayba, D. C. prod. 1. p. 609. — Ernstingia, Neck. elem. — Ephielis, Schreb. gen. no. 647. LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, each furnished with a short appendage above the base on the inside. Disk filling the bottom of the calyx, 8-crenate. Stamens 8, with villous filaments inserted between the margin of the disk and ovary. Style none. Stigma subsessile, 3-toothed. Ovary 2 -celled ; cells 1-ovulate. Capsule oblong, 1 -celled, 2- valved, one of which is empty, the other 2-seeded on the inside at the middle. Seeds arillate, reniform. — Trees with exstipulate, abruptly pinnate leaves, and racemose panicles of small white flowers. 1 M. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 331. t. 128. Lam. ill. t. 298.) leaves smooth, abruptly pinnate, with 3 or 4 pairs of leaflets ; petiole not winged ; racemes panicled. Tj . S. Native of Guiana and St. Domingo in woods. Ephielis fraxinea, Willd. spec. 2. p. 328. Ephielis Guianensis, Pers. ench. 1. p. 413. Panicle divaricate. The wood of this tree is considered usefid for many purposes, being hard and durable. Guiana Matayba. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1803. Tree 60 feet. 2 M. PATRISIAVNA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 609.) leaves impari- pinnate ; leaflets 5, villous beneath ; petioles slightly winged ; ra- cemes simple. ^ . S. Native of Guiana or Cayenne. Fruit very like that of the first species, but differs from it in the impari-pinnate leaves. Patris's Matayba. Clt. 1825. Tree 50 feet. Cult. These trees will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat; and ripened cuttings, not deprived of any of their leaves, will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XX. NEPHE'LIUM (one of the names given to the Bur- dock by the ancients ; the present genus has rough fruit, which has some resemblance to the Burdock). Lin. gen. no. 1425. Euphoria, Comm. in Juss. gen. 247. — Dimocarpus, Lour. fl. coch. 1. p. 286. — Scytalia, Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 197. — Aporetica, spec. D. C. — Pometia, Forst. prod. 392. LIN. SYST. Octo-Dccandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-6-toothed. Petals 5-6, rarely wanting, densely pilose inside. Disk annular, occupying the bottom of the calyx. Stamens 8-10, rarely 6, inserted between the margin of the disk and the ovary. Style crowned by a 2-lobed or bifid stigma. Ovary obcordate, didy- mous, 2-celled. Fruit indehiscent, usually 1-lobed from abor- tion, the other lobe being usually abortive, tubercled or muri- cated, rarely smooth. Seeds thick, covered by a fleshy aril. Embryo straight. — Trees with abruptly-pinnate, exstipulate leaves, rarely simple ; leaflets opposite or alternate. Flowers disposed in racemose panicles or racemes. Fruit of all eatable. 1 N. LITCHI (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 30.) leaflets 3-4 pairs, tapering to both ends, lanceolate, glaucous beneath ; racemes loose, forming a panicle ; berries cordate, scaly. 1? . G. Native of the East Indies and China. Euphoria punicea, Lam. diet. 3. p. 573. ill. t. 306. Euphoria Litchi, Desf. cat. 159. Litchi Chinensis, Sonn. itin. t. 129. Scytalia Chinensis, Gaert. fruct. t. 42. f. 3. Scytalia Loacan, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 28. Dimocarpus Lychi, Lour. fl. coch. 233. Sapindus edulis, Ait. hort. kew, ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 36. Dimocarpus Litchi, Willd. spec. 2. p. 346. La-tji, Osb. itin. 192. english edition, 1. p. 308. Li-tchi, Du Halde, chin. 2. p. 144. t. 154. Lechea, Rich, hist, de Tonquin, 1. p. 60. — /aim. hist. 147. t. 108. Flowers pale. The berries grow in loose racemes ; they are heart- shaped, covered with a scaly, hardish rind, which is red on one side and green on the other, containing a delicious white, sweet, subacid pulp, and a large, somewhat obovate, brownish seed. This delicious fruit is about the size of a date ; it is said to be dangerous when eaten to excess, occasioning an eruption over the whole body. The Chinese suffer it to dry till it becomes black and shrivelled like prunes. Thus it is preserved all the year, and they use it in tea, to which it communicates an acidity which they prefer to the sweetness of sugar. Loureiro says, the tree is cultivated in great abundance in the southern provinces of China and the northern provinces of Cochin-china, being equally abhorrent both of cold and heat in the extreme. To enjoy the fruit in its full perfection of flavour and smell, it must be eaten in the provinces of Fo-ki-en, Quan-tong, and Quan-si, where it grows. As it will not bear the climate of Pekin, the fruit is car- ried there for the emperor's use, inclosed in tin vessels, filled with spirits mixed with honey, &c., and thus preserves an ap- pearance of freshness, but loses much of its flavour. The trees themselves are also transported by water from Quan-tong to Pekin for the emperor at considerable labour and expense to his subjects, and being embarked when they begin to flower, the fruit is .commonly ripe by the time of their arrival at Pekin. The fruit is called Li-tchi, Licht, or La-tji by the Chinese. Litchi Nephelium. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1786. Tree 15ft. 2 N. LONOA'NUM (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 30.) leaflets 3 pairs, with strong pinnate nerves beneath ; panicle loose ; ber- ries globose, almost smooth. Tj . G. Native of China and Cochin-china. Scytalia Longan, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 29. Di- mocarpus Longan, Lour. fl. coch. 233. Euphoria Longana, Lam. diet. 3. p. 574. — Buchoz. icon. col. t. 99. This tree is also cultivated in China and Cochin-china for its fruit, which is in great esteem among the Chinese, and if not so agreeable to the taste as the Litchi, it is however said to be more whole- some. It is globular, has a yellowish, smooth skin, and its pulp is white, tart, and juicy. This fruit is called by the Chinese Longan, Lang-an, Long-yen, or Laong-uhan. Longan Nephelium. FJ. May, June. Clt. 1786. Tree 20ft. 3 N. INFORME (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 30.) leaflets? panicles few-flowered ; berries usually twin, irregular, tubercled. Tj . G. Native of Cochin-china in woods. Euphoria informis, D. C. prod. 1. p. 612. The leaves are almost like those of the Longan. The fruit of this tree is also eaten in China. It is not so good as those of the two preceding species, being much more sour. The wood is good, hard, and heavy, of a reddish-brown colour. E/nszgMj/-shaped-fruited Nephelium. Tree 20 feet ? 4 N. LAPPA'CEUM (Lin. syst. 4. p. 236.) leaflets 5-7, oblong ; berries subovate, hairy, J? . S. Native of the East Indies. Lam. ill. t. 764. Marsd. sum. with a figure. Euphoria Nephe- lium, D. C. prod. 1. p. 612. Dimocarpus crinita, Lour. fl. coch. 234. Scytalia Rambootan, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 29. Petals absent. Calyx 5-6-cleft. Stamens 5-8. The pulp of the fruit is eatable, of an agreeable sub-acid flavour, though not so good as the Longan or Litchi ; it is usually twin. This is the Rambutan or Rampostan of Bont. jav. f. 109. .Burdock-fruited Nephelium or Rambootan. Tree. 5 N. PINNA'TUM (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 30.) leaves pinnate ; racemes supra-decompound, terminal, fj • S. Native of the Islands of Tanna and Namoka. Pometia pinnata, Forst. prod. p. 392. Pinnate-leaved Nephelium. Tree. 6 N. BENGALE'NSE ; leaves with 4-5 pairs of oblong-lanceo- late leaflets, which are oblique at the base ; panicle terminal, composed of many racemes. ^ . S. Native of Bengal. Scy- talia Bengalensis, Roxb. in herb. Lamb. Bengal Nephelium. Tree. 7 N. VERTICILLA'TUM (Lindl. bot. reg. 1059. under Euphoria,) SAPINDACE^E. XX. NEPHELIUM. XXI. THOUIKIA. XXII. HYPELATE. 671 leaves simple, obovate-lanceolate, auricled at the base ; ovary didymous, with 2 styles between ; stamens 8, monadelphous at the base ; sepals unequal ; flowers in terminal, panicled racemes ; ovary surrounded by 8 glands. Pj . S. Native of the Moluccas. Scytalia verticillata, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 29. Flowers small, white tinged with red. Whorled-leaved Nephelium. Fl. June. Clt. 1821. Shrub 6ft. •f" Species only known by name from Roxb. hort. beng. p. 29. and 88. under the genus Scytalia. 8 N. RIMOSUM. Roxb. Silhet. p. 29. 9 N. DANU'RA. Roxb. Chittagong. p. 29. 10 N. RU'BRUM. Roxb. Silhet. p. 29. 11 N. PARVIFLORUM. Roxb. Moluccas, p. 88. 12 N. OPPOSITIFOLIUM. Roxb. Moluccas, p. 88. Cult. This is a genus of fine trees, for the most part bear- ing delicious fruit. They will grow well in a mixture of loam and peat. Cuttings taken off from ripened wood, planted in sand under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat, will root. XXI. THOUI'NIA (in honour of Andre Thouin, professor of agriculture in the Jardin des Plantes of Paris, editor of the agricultural part of the Encyclopedic Methodique ; died in 1820.) Poit. ann. mus. 3. p. 70. t. 6. D. C. prod. 1. p. 612. but not of Thunb. nor Smith. LIN. SYST. Octo-Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-5-parted. Petals 4-5, naked inside. Disk occupying the bottom of the calyx, regular, crenulated. Stamens 8-10, inserted between the margin of the receptacle and the ovary. Style trifid, with the segments longitudinally stigmatose inside, immersed between the lobes of the ovary. Fruit constantly of 3 carpels, adnate to the central axis, drawn out into a membranous wing at the apex and back, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded at the base. Seeds destitute of aril. — Trees or shrubs, rarely furnished with tendrils, with exstipu- late, abruptly-pinnate, trifoliate, rarely simple leaves. Flowers small, white. * Leaves simple. 1 T. SIMPLICIFOLIA (Poit. ann. mus. 3. p. 71. t. 6.) leaves coarsely serrate-toothed, rather tomentose beneath ; racemes simple. Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Racemes axillary, a little shorter than the leaves. Leaves resembling those of the sweet chesnut, but narrower. Simple-leaved Thouinia. Shrub 8 feet. 2 T. INTEGRIFOLIA (Spreng. neue. entd. 2. p. 155.) leaves quite entire, smooth on both surfaces ; racemes panicled. Tj • S. Native of Brazil. Leaves discoloured beneath. Panicle termi- nal, flaccid. Entire-leaved Thouinia. Tree small. * * Leaves trifoliate. 3 T. TRIFOLIATA (Poir. ann. mus. 3. p. 72. 5. t. 27.) leaflets almost sessile, oval, tapering to the base, somewhat serrated, smooth, but pilose in the axils of the veins beneath ; racemes simple, terminal. Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo about Fort Dauphin. Trifoliate-leaved Thouinia. Shrub 8 feet. 4 T. TOMENTOSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 612.) leaflets elliptical- oblong, serrated, smooth above, but clothed with white velvety tomentum beneath ; racemes simple. ^ . S. Native of St. Domingo. Leaves and carpels one-half smaller than those of the preceding species. Tomentose-leaved Thouinia. Tree small. 51.1 VILLO'SA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 612.) leaflets ovate, serrated at the apex, acute, vil- lous ; racemes panicled. fj . S. Native of New Spain about Quaunahuaca. Carpels 3, distinct to the base, therefore it will probably form a distinct genus. bilious-leaved Thouinia. Tree small. 6 T. SCA'NDENS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 384.) leaves trifoliate; leaflets oblong, tapering to both ends, acuminated, smooth, fur- nished with I or 2 teeth on one side ; racemes axillary, often converted into tendrils. ^ . w. S. Native of Brazil in the pro- vince of Rio Janeiro. Petals greenish-white. Climbing Thouinia. Shrub cl. * * * Leaves pinnate. 7 T. PINNA'TA (Turp. ann. mus. 5. p. 401. t. 26.) leaflets ob- long, rather emarginate ; flowers in terminal panicles, with 5 petals and 8 stamens, tj . S. Native of St. Domingo between Monte-Christi and San-Yago. Pinnate-leaved Thouinia. Clt. 1823. Shrub 8 feet. 8 T. POLY'OAMA (Meyer, prim, esseq. 156.) leaflets oblong- ovate ; flowers polygamous, racemose, villous, with 4 petals and 8 stamens. Tj . S. Native of Guiana in sandy woods. Polygamous-flowered Thouinia. Tree 14 feet. 9 T. DECA'NDRA (H. B. et Kunth, pi. equin. 1. p. 198. t. 56.) leaflets 6 pairs, lanceolate, toothed ; flowers panicled, with 5 petals and 10 stamens. Jj. S. Native of Mexico about Aca- pulca. Decandrous Thouinia. Tree 18 feet. Cult. These trees will succeed well in a mixture of sandy loam and peat, and cuttings taken off1 from ripened wood will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XXII. HYPELATE (a name given by Pliny to Ruscus ; it comes from vvo^hypo, under, and £\ar»), elate, a fir-tree ; habitat of original plant). Browne, jam. 208. Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 653. t. 14. D. C. prod. 1. p. 614. — Melicocca species, Juss. in mem. mus. vol. 3. LIN. SYST. Octo-Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5 or wanting, naked inside. Disk occupying the bottom of the calyx, nearly entire or lobed. Stamens 8-10, inserted between the margin of the disk and ovary. Style very short, crowned by a somewhat 2-3-lobed stigma. Ovary 2-3-celled ; cells 2-3-ovulate. Fruit nearly dry, indehiscent, 1-2-celled from abortion. Seeds pendulous, destitute of aril ? — Trees with exstipulate, trifoliate, or abruptly-pinnate leaves ; leaflets oppo- site or alternate. Flowers small, white, glomerate, or disposed in short panicles. 1 H. TRIFOLIA'TA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 655.) leaves trifo- liate ; leaflets coriaceous, obovate, with rather marginate petioles ; panicles terminal, rather corymbose; petals 5. Jj .. S. Native of the south of Jamaica on cretaceous hills. It is also said to be common in the low lands. A smooth shrub, with leaves like those of Toddalia or Lignum-vitce, but without dots. The stem is beset with leaves at intervals. This shrub is probably Amyris lypelala of Rob. in Lunan. hort. jam. 1. p. 149. Trifoliate Hypelate. Shrub 9 feet. 2 H. PANICULA'TA (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 32.) leaves with 2 pairs of leaflets ; flowers decandrous, in terminal, corym- bose panicles ; petals 5. T? . S. Native of St. Domingo. Me- licocca paniculata, Juss. mem. mus. 3. p. 187. t. 5. Fruit round, 1 -seeded. Leaflets large, oblong-lanceolate, entire. Panicled-fiowered Hypelate. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet. 3 H. DENTAVTA (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 32.) leaves with 5 or 6 pairs of oboval leaflets, which are toothed at the apex ; peduncles few- flowered, axillary ; flowers octandrous ; petals 5. T;. S. Native of the Mauritian Islands. Meli- cocca dentata, Juss. mem. mus. 3. p. 187. t. 6. Fruit round, 1- seeded. Leaflets small. 672 SAPINDACEjE. XXIII. APHANIA. XXIV. MELICOCCA. XXV. KOELREUTERIA. XXVI. COSSIGNIA. Toothed-leaved Hypelate. Tree 16 feet. 4 H. GENICULA'TA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 220. under Melicocca,) leaves ternate or pinnate, with 2 pairs of oblong-lanceolate, acu- minated leaflets ; rachis knotted, jointed at the apex ; panicles axillary, spreading. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers decan- drous. Berry 1-seeded. /oznterf-petioled Hypelate. Tree small. 5 H. DIVERSIFO'LIA (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 32.) leaves with 1-9 pairs of oval, entire leaflets; flowers apetalous, oc- tandrous, axillary, glomerate, 5-parted ; drupe spherical, 2- seeded. fj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Melicocca diver- sifolia, Juss. mem. mus. 3. p. 187. t. 7. M. apetala, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 224. The leaves are probably sometimes simple and ovate. It is called in the Mauritius Bois de Gaulette. Diverse-leaved Hypelate. Tree. Cult. This is rather a handsome genus of shrubs. They will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, or any light loamy soil, and ripened cuttings will root if planted in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. XXIII. APHA'NIA (from aQavte, aphanes, obscure). Blum, bijdr. p. 236. Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 37. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, unequal. Petals 4, ciliated, each furnished with 2 scales at the base. Disk hypogynous, girding the genitals. Stamens 5, approximating the pistil. Ovary ovate, compressed, 2-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Style almost wanting, terminated by an emarginate stigma. — A tree with abruptly-pinnate leaves ; leaflets nearly opposite. Pa- nicle terminal, composed of many racemes. 1 A. MONTANA (Blum. I.e.) tj . S. Native of Java. Mountain Aphania. Tree. Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will suit this tree, and ripe cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XXIV. MELICO'CCA (from fieXi, meli, honey, and KOKKOQ, coccos, a berry ; the taste of the fruit is very sweet). Juss. mem. mus. 3. p. 178. D. C. prod. 1. p. 614. LIN. SYST. Octo-Dec&ndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-5-parted. Petals 4-5, or wanting, naked inside. Disk occupying the bottom of the calyx, entire, or lobed. Stamens 8-10, inserted between the margin of the disk and the ovary. Style crowned by a 2-3-lobed stigma. Ovary 2-3-celled. Fruit baccate, 1-2- celled from abortion, 1-2-seeded. Seeds enwrapped in a fleshy substance. Embryo straight. — Trees with exstipulate, abruptly- pinnate leaves ; leaflets nearly opposite. Flowers small, white, disposed in spike-formed racemes. 1 M. BI'JUGA (Lin. spec. 495.) leaves with 2 pairs of leaflets; rachis winged ; racemes terminal and axillary, simple, spike- formed ; flowers octandrous, of 4 petals ; drupe 1-seeded from abortion. ^ . S. Native of the Antilles and of New Spain in the province of Caraccas, but is now cultivated throughout the West Indies for its fruit. M.bijugatus, Jacq. amer. 108. t. 72. M. carpoidea, Juss. mem. mus. S. p. 187. t. 4. Leaflets large, yellowish-green. The male flowers are more yellow than the female. The fruit of this is as large as a bullace-plum, jet- black, with a very sweet pleasant taste. It is now known in Jamaica by the name of bullace-plum, but in the time of Patrick Browne the tree was called Genip-tree. At Curac,oa the Spa- niards call it Monos; it is cultivated to a great extent there. It is also called Honey-berry. Two-paired-leaved or Common Honey-berry. Clt. 1778. Tree 16 to 20 feet. 2 M. OLIV^FO'RMIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 150.) leaves with 2 pairs of large, elliptical, acute, coriaceous leaflets ; rachis naked ; peduncles terminal, branched ; flowers octandrous, of 4 petals ; drupe 1-seeded from abortion. Tj . S. Native of New Granada at Turbaco. Fruit the size and shape of an olive, jet-black, with a pleasant taste. Olive-shaped-frmted Honey-berry. Clt. 1818. ' Tree 16 ft. 3 M. TRI'JUGA (Juss. in mem, mus. 3. p. 187. t. 8.) leaves with 3 pairs of oblong, obovate, obtuse leaflets ; racemes axil- lary, elongated ; flowers 6-parted, apetalous, octandrous ; drupe spherical, 2-3-celled, 2-3-seeded. ^ . S. Native of the islands of Ceylon and Timor. Schleichera trijuga, Willd. spec. 4. p. 1096. Scytalia trijuga, Roxb. mss. Fruit black, eatable. Three-paired-leaved Honey-berry. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 ft. 4 M. ? PUBE'SCENS (Roth. nov. spec. 385.) leaves with 2 pairs of very blunt leaflets and an odd one ; rachis tomentose. \j . S. Native of the East Indies. Pubescent-Tpetioled Honey-berry. Tree. Cult. Most of the species of this genus bear eatable fruits. They will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat, or a light loamy soil ; and ripened cuttings will strike root in sand under a hand- glass, in heat. Section II. DODONjEA'CEJE. (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 33.). Cells of ovary containing 2-3-ovulae, rarely more (f. 112. g.). Embryo spirally twisted. XXV. KOELREUTE'RIA (in honour of John Theophilus Koelreuter, once Professor of Natural History at Carlsrhue). Laxm. nov. comm. petrop. 16. p. 561. t. 18. but not of Murr. D. C. prod. 1. p. 616. LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 3-4 from abortion, each furnished at the claw inside with a 2- parted appendage. Disk very fleshy, occupying the whole bottom of the calyx, regular, 8-crenate. Stamens 8, rarely 5-6-7, inserted between the margin of the disk and the ovary. Style truncate or acutish at the apex. Ovary 3-celled ; cells 2-ovulate. Capsule bladdery, 1-celled above, 3-celled at the bottom, 3-valved; valves seminiferous beneath the middle. Seeds without aril. — A deciduous tree, with exstipulate, impari- pinnate leaves ; leaflets opposite or alternate, coarsely lobed or toothed. Flowers yellow, disposed in terminal, racemose, spread- ing panicles. 1 K. PANICULA'TA (Laxm. 1. c.). Jj . H. Native of China. Sapmdus Chinensis, Lin. fil. suppl. 228. K. Paullinoides, Lher. sert. 18. 1. 19. K. paniculata, Duh. ed. nov. t. 36. Ker. bot. reg. t. 320. Panicled-fiovrered Koelreuteria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1763. Tree 10 to 15 feet. Cult. This beautiful tree deserves a place in every collection ; when in flower it is extremely shewy. It will thrive in any common soil, but it should be planted in as sheltered a situation as possible, because it does not flower if too much exposed. If the summer prove cold, the wood seldom ripens, therefore the tops of the branches are generally killed the following win- ter by the frost. It may be either propagated by layers or cuttings from the root. XXVI. COSSI'GNIA (in honour of M. Cossigny, a French naturalist, once resident at Pondicherry, who presented Commer- son with an herbarium of the plants of Coromandel). Comm. in Juss. gen. 248. D. C. prod. 1. p. 614. LIN. SYST. Penta-Hexandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 4, naked inside. Disk irregular, occupying the bottom of the calyx. Stamens 5-6, inserted in the disk. Pistil excentral. Style longish, terminated by a capitellate stigma. Ovary 3- celled ; cells 3-ovulate. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved ; cells 3, or from abortion only 2-seeded. Seeds destitute of aril, fixed to the permanent triangular centril axis. — A tree with exstipu- late, impari-pinnate leaves. Flowers in panicles. SAPINDACE^E. XXVI. COSSIGNIA. XXVII. LLAGUNOA. XXVIII. DODON^A. 673 1 C. BORBO'NICA (D. C. prod. 1 . p. 614.). Tj . S. Native of Bourbon. Leaves impari-pinnate, sometimes with 2-3 or 1 pair of leaflets, the odd leaflet is always sessile. C. pinna ta, Lam. diet. 2. p. 132. ill. t. 256. when the leaves are pinnate. C. triphylla, Lam. diet. 2. p. 132. when the leaves are trifoliate. Leaflets oblong, entire, somewhat scabrous above, pale tomen- tose beneath, with yellow veins. Flowers panicled, see Bory. voy. 2. p. 324. Ruizia aurea, Hortul. Bourbon Cossignia. Clt. 1811. Tree 20 feet. Cult. This tree is known in our gardens by the name of Ruizia aurea. It is generally admired on account of the orange- coloured nerves of the leaves, which give it an agreeable ap- pearance. It will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat, or a light, loamy soil ; and ripe cuttings will strike root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. XXVII. LLAGUNO'A (in honour of Eugene de Llaguno, a Spanish amateur botanist). Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. prod. 126. t. 28. Pers. ench. 2. p. 565. B.C. prod. 1. p. 116. LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynla. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals wanting. Disk fleshy, occupying the bottom of the calyx, 10- lobed at the apex. Stamens 8, rarely 9-10. Style incurved, terminated by a 3-lobed stigma. Capsule 3-valved, 3-celled, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve ; cells 1-2- seeded ; seeds destitute of aril. — Trees with exstipulate, trifo- liate leaves, or usually simple from abortion. Flowers disposed in short, few-flowered, axillary racemes. 1 L. NITIDA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. prod. 126. t. 28.) leaves smooth, serrated, acute, undivided, or furnished on each side with a lobe at the base, and they are therefore somewhat ternate. J? . S. Native of Peru in woods. Amirola nitida, Pers. ench. 2. p. 565. Peduncles trifid ; lateral branches usually abortive. The seeds of this plant are black and shining, and are used for forming necklaces by the natives of Peru. Shining-seeded Llagunoa. Shrub 9 feet. 2 L. PRUNIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 131.) leaves ovate-elliptical, sharply toothed, smooth above, hairy beneath, with the nerves and veins tomentosely hairy. Tj . S. Native of Peru near Loxa. Amirola prunifolia, D. C. prod. This is probably only a variety of the preceding. Seeds perhaps used for the same purpose. Plum-leaved Llagunoa. Shrub 8 feet. 3 L. MO'LLIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves elliptical, serrated, hairy above, but clothed with hoary tomentum beneath. Tj . S. Native of Peru near Loxa. Amirola mollis, D. C. prod. 1 . p. 6 1 6. jSo/Meaved Llagunoa. Shrub 10 feet. 4 L. GLANDULOSA ; leaves stalked, trifoliate ; leaflets elliptical, serrated, dotted with black glands on both surfaces. Tj . G. Native of Chili at Coquimbo. Amirola glandu!6sa, Hook, in bot. Beech, voy. p. 12. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals wanting. Sta- mens 8. Ovary ovate, trigonal. Stigma oblong, sessile. Glandular Llagunoa. Shrub. Cult. These shrubs will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat or sandy loam ; and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat. XXVIII. DODONjE'A (in honour of Rambert Dpdoens, more generally known by the name of Dodonaeus, physician to Maximilian II. and Rudolph II., author of Historia Plantarum, in 6 pemptades, that is to say, in 6-times 5 books. This work has been translated into French by L'Ecluse or Clusius ; he died in 1585). Lin. gen. ed. 1. no. 855. D. C. prod. 1. p. 616. but not of Plum. LIN. SYST. Octo-Decdndria, Trigynia. Calyx 4-5, rarely 5-parted (f. 112. a.). Petals wanting. Disk hypogynous, usually vanished. Stamens 8, rarely 9-10, inserted in the disk or re- VOL. i. — PART VHI. ceptacle. Style 2-3 (f. 112. d.), rarely 4-cleft, with the segments longitudinally stigmatose inside. Capsule 2-3-4-sided, 2-3-4- celled, opening by 2-3-4 valves at the dissepiments, not as in the rest of the order at the cells ; valves keeled, winged (f. 112. f.). on the back. Central axis 2-3-4-angled, 2-3-4-winged. Seeds destitute of aril. — Shrubs with exstipulate, simple or pin- nate leaves. Flowers small, greenish-yellow. * Leaves lanceolate or spatulate. 1 D. VISCOSA (Lin. mant. 238. FIG. 112. exclusive of many of the syno- nymes. Meyer, prim, essequeb. p. 157.) leaves obovate-oblong, cuneated at the base, clammy ; flowers racemose; fruit 2-3-wing- ed, on longer pedicels. fj . G. Native of South America, and the Caribbee Islands, as well as of Guinea at Waree in sandy places. — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 247. f. 2. — Sloane, hist. 2. t. 162. f. 3. — Rumph. amb. 4. t. 50. — Pluk. phyt. t. 142. f. 1. There are varieties of this plant with acutish, blunt, and emarginate leaves ; cap- sules at both ends profoundly emarginated, 7 or 9 lines long and 8 or 12 broad (see Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 134.) There are probably many species confounded here. D. viscosa, Forst. prod. 27. ex D. viscosa, spatulata and triquetra, according to Sir James Smith are con- stantly confused together. — Ptelea viscosa, Lin. spec. 173. Mill, diet. no. 2. The taste of the whole plant is sour and bitterish, hence it is called in Jamaica Snitch-sorrel. Clammy Dodonaea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1690. Shrub 6 ft. 2 D. SPATULA'TA (Smith, inRees' cycl. vol. 12. no. 2.) leaves lanceolate-obovate, clammy ; sepals ovate, acute, naked ; flowers dioecious. Tj . G. Native of the Sandwich Islands. The plant is smaller than D. viscbsa. Spatulate-\ea.ved Dodonaea. Shrub 4 feet. 3 D. ATTENUA'TA (Cung. in Field's New South Wales, p. 352.) leaves linear-spatulate, covered with scabrous dots, taper- ing to the base, with revolute, denticulated margins, rounded, acute, and quite entire at the apex ; racemes lateral and ter- minal. Fj . G. Native of New Holland in the channel of Cox's River. 4ttenuated-]eaved Dodonaea. Clt. 1824. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 4 D. JAMAICE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 616.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, tapering to both ends, with the margins somewhat revolute, rather clammy ; flowers disposed in short racemes ; fruit shorter than the pedicel. Jj . G. Native of the colder parts of Jamaica. — Browne, jam. t. 18. f. 1. D. angustifolia, Swartz, obs. 150. D. viscosa, Cav. icon. t. 327. Carpels 3- winged. The whole plant is sour and bitterish, it is also called Snitch-sorrel in Jamaica. Jamaica Dodonaea. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1810. Shrub 6 ft. 5 D. BIALA'TA (H. B. et Kurth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 134. t. 442.) leaves lanceolate, tapering to both ends, clammy ; ra- cemes somewhat branched ; fruit constantly 2-winged, length of pedicel. 1? . S. Native of South America in New Spain near Cumana, as well as of Guinea not far from the Gambia, in sandy places, particularly near Bathurst. Two-niinged-ftuited Dodonaea. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1822. Shrub 4 feet. 6 D. BURMANNIA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 616.) leaves oblong, cuneated at the base, acutish, clammy ; flowers racemose ; fruit longer than the pedicels. Tj , S. Native of the East Indies, 4R 674 SAPINDACEjE. XXVIII. DODON^A. XXIX. MAGOJUEA. particularly in the islands of Ceylon and Timor. — Burm. zeyl. t. 23. Ptelea viscosa, Burm. ind. 36. D. angustifolia, Roxb. hort. beug. p. 28. Leaves sometimes obtuse, sometimes acutish. Capsules 6 lines long and 9 broad. Bwmann's Dodonaea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1758. Sh. 5 ft. 7 D. MICROCA'RPA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 617.) leaves oblong- linear, tapering to the base, but blunt at the apex or emarginate ; flowers racemose ; fruit shorter than the pedicel. \ . S. Na- tive of the Island of Bourbon. Lam. ill. t. 304. f. 2. Leaves 3 lines broad. Capsules 3 lines long and 4 broad. Small-fruited Dodonaea. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. Sh. 4 ft. 8 D. SALICIFOIIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 617.) leaves oblong-linear, acuminated at both ends, clammy ; flowers racemose ; fruit ? fy . G. Native of New Holland? D. angustifolia, Lam. diet. 3. p. 292. Cultivated in the gardens of France under the name of Bois de Reinette. Leaves sweet-scented, 4 lines broad. WUlon-leaeed Dodonaa. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1820. Sh. 4 ft. 9 D. LAURI'NA (Sieb. in Spreng. syst. app. p. 152.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, smooth, tapering to both ends ; branches round ; branchlets 2-edged ; flowers in axillary cymes. Tj . G. Native of New Holland. Laurel-like Dodonaea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Sh. 4 ft. 10 D. DIOICA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 28. D. C. mem. soc. genev. 1. p. 445.) leaves obovate-oblong, cuneated at the base, acute at the apex, never clammy ; young branches compressed, adult ones round ; flowers dioecious, racemose. Jj . S. Na- tive of the East Indies, particularly in Hindostan. D. oblon- gifolia, Link, enum. 1. p. 381.? D. heterophylla, Hortul. Very like the following species. Perhaps the figure in Rumph. amb. 4. t. 50. is referable to this or to D. triquetra. Dioecious-Aov/ered Dodonsea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. Shrub 4 feet. 11 D. TRI'QUETRA (Andr. hot. rep. t. 231.) leaves lanceolate, tapering to both ends ; branchlets triquetrous ; flowers dioecious, racemose ; fruit with narrow wings, shorter than the pedicel. ?2. G. Native of New Holland. Three- sided-brancheA Dodonsea. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1 790. Sh. 4 ft. 12 D. CUNEA'TA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 5. Rudge, Lin» trans. 11. p. 296. t. 19.) leaves oblong, wedge-shaped, 3-toothed at the apex ; branchlets hardly angular ; flowers in short pani- cles. Tj . G. Native of New Holland about Port Jackson. Fruit almost like that of D. viscosa. Wedge-leaved Dodonaea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Sh. 3 ft. 18 D. ASPLENIFOLIA (Rudge, in Lin. trans, vol. 11. p. 297. t. 20.) leaves oblanceolate, tapering to the base, 3-toothed at the apex, clammy ; flowers somewhat racemose ; branches tri- quetrous. Tj . G. Native of New Holland about Port Jackson. Spleen-rvort-leaved Dodonaea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Shrub 4 feet. 14 D. UMBELLA'TA; leaves lanceolate, coriaceous, tapering to both ends ; flowers terminal, umbellate. Tj . G. Native of New Holland (v. s. herb. Lamb.). Umbellate-Q.o\vered Dodonaea. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 15 D. KI'NGII ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, coriaceous ; flowers in short, terminal racemes ; fruit small, 3-winged. Tj . G. Native of New Holland (v. s. herb. Lamb.). King's Dodonaea. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 16 D. CONFE'RTA; leaves obovate-lanceolate, mucronate, ta- pering to the base ; racemes short, crowded. Tj . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land (v. s. herb. Lamb.). CVon>rferf-flowered Dodonaea. Shrub 1 to 4 feet. 17 D. LONGIFES ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, obtuse, mucronate ; racemes short, axillary ; pedicels long ; fruit 3-winged. Jj . G. Native of New Holland. Fruit dark-purple, with greenish-yellow wings (v. s. herb. Lamb.). Long-pedicelled Dodonaea. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 18 D. ERIOCA'RPA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 6.) leaves ellip- tic-lanceolate, wavy ; branches and fruit beset with long hairs ; sepals elliptical, reflexed. f} . G. Native of the Sandwich islands on the mountains. Hairy-fruited Dodonaea. Shrub 4 feet. 19 D. EL^AGNOIDES (Rud. in Schrad. neu. journ. 2. p. 392.) leaves oblong-ovate, clothed with scaly scurf above. Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Elceagnus-like Dodonaea. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1800. Sh. 4 ft. 20 D. ? SERRULA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 617.) leaves elliptical- oblong, stalked, serrulated, coriaceous, smooth ; capsules cori- aceous, 3-winged. J? . G. Native of Monte Video. Serrulated-leaved Dodonaea. Shrub 4 feet. * * Leaves linear, filiform. 21 D. ERICJEFOLIA ; leaves crowded, linear, very narrow, short ; flowers crowded, axillary, and terminal, fj . G. Native of New Holland (v. s. herb. Lamb.). Heath-leaved Dodonaea. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 22 D. FILIFORMIS (Link. enum. 381.) twiggy; leaves long, very narrow ; pedicels axillary ; fruit 3-winged. Tj . G. Na- tive of New Holland. D. angustissima, D. C. prod. 1. p. 617. Filiform-leaved Dodonaea. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. * * * Leaves pinnate. 23 D. MULTI'JUGA ; leaflets 10-15 pairs, small, pubescent, 3- toothed at the apex; petioles interruptedly winged; panicles axillary and terminal. Tj . G. Native of New Holland (v. s. herb. Lamb.). Many-paired-leafletted Dodonaea. Shrub 2 feet. 24 D. BORONI^FOLIA ; leaflets 3-4 pairs, small, trifid at the apex, with the petioles winged, pubescent. Tj • G. Native of New Holland (v. s. herb. Lamb.). Boronia-leaved Dodonaea. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 25 D. CALEYA'NA ; pilose; leaflets 3-4 pairs, small, ovate, with revolute edges ; petioles winged. Tj . G. Native of New Holland (v. s. herb. Lamb.). Caley's Dodonaea. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 26 D. PINNA'TA (Smith, in Rees' cycl.) leaflets 3-8 pairs, small, lanceolate, with revolute edges ; fruit 3-winged ; branches villous ; petioles interruptedly winged, fy . G. Native of New Holland. Pinnate-leaved Dodonsea. Clt. 1824. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. Cult. Dodonce^a is a genus of trifling shrubs not worth cul- tivating, except in botanic gardens. They will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat or any light soil, and cuttings will root readily in sand under a hand-glass, those of the stove species should be placed in a moderate heat. XXIX. MAGON^E'A (Magon, the name of some botanist known to St. Hilaire). St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 394. Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 35. Phasocarpus, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 62. t. 37-38. LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, un- equal. Petals 5, destitute of scales. Disk occupying the bottom of the calyx, irregular. Stamens 8, inserted in the disk. Pistil excentral. Style curved, terminated by a somewhat 3-lobed stigma. Ovary 3-celled ; cells containing many ovulae ; ovulse imbricate. Capsule large, woody, 3-valved, many-seeded. Seeds large, flat, girded by a wing. Embryo straight, very flat. Co- tyledons large, suborbicular. — Trees with exstipulate, abruptly pinnate leaves, and racemose panicles of flowers. 1 M. PUBE'SCENS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 394. pi. rem. bras. 1. p. 239. t. 23 and 24.) branches pubescent ; leaflets ovate or oblong-elliptic, profoundly emarginate, pubescent ; flowers ra- cemose ; ovaries egg-shaped, fj . S. Native of Brazil in the SAPINDACEjE. XXX. ALECTRYON. XXXI. EYSTATHES. XXXII. RACARIA. XXXIII. VALENTINIA.&C. HUMIRIACE^E. 675 province of Minas Geraes, where it is called Pao de Tinguy. Phaeocarpus campestris, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 62. t. 37-38. Flowers yellowish-green. Pubescent Magonaea. Tree 30 feet. 2 M. GLABRA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 395. pi. rem. bras. 1. p. 241.) branches smooth; leaflets oblong- elliptic, emarginate, mucronulate, smoothish ; flowers panicled ; ovaries egg-shaped. Tj . S. Native of Brazil with the last. Smooth Magonaea. Tree 30 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will answer the species ; and ripe cuttings, not deprived of their leaves, will root readily in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat. XXX. ALE'CTRYON (from a\tKTpvj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals green. Mountain Humirium. Tree. 3 H. BALSAMIFERUM (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 564. t. 225.) leaves ovate-oblong, half stem-clasping, with a decurrent nerve on the back ; inflorescence longer than the leaves ; peduncles smooth as well as the petals. ^ . S. Native of Guiana and Cayenne. Myrodendron amplexicaule, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1171. Bark thick, abounding in red balsamic fluid, resembling styrax in smell ; after it has exuded from the bark it becomes brittle and transparent, and when burnt affords a very agreeable odour. The negroes and the natives of Guiana use the bark for the purpose of slips to make flambeaus. They also use the wood in building their houses. The resin, according to Aublet, might be used medicinally in the same manner as balsam of Peru. The tree is called Red-mood by the Creoles on account of the wood being red. Balsam-bearing Humirium. Tree 40 feet. 4 H. CRAssiFotiuM (Mart. fl. bras. 2. p. 143. t. 198.) leaves coriaceous, stalked, obovate-oblong, entire ; petioles winged ; petals pubescent on the back. Jj . S. Native of Brazil on mount Serra de Arara-coara, on the confines of Peru. Cymes axillary, trichotomous. Flowers small, white. Thick-leaved Humirium. Tree 8 to 12 feet. 5 H. FLORIBU'NDUM (Mart. fl. bras. 2. p. 145. t. 199.) leaves obovate or oblong, with a short acumen at the tip, emarginate, quite entire, tapering into the short petiole ; branches and pedicels 2-edged ; petals smooth. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Bahia. Cymes trichotomous, axillary. Flowers small, white. Bundle-flowered Humirium. Tree 20 to 30 feet. Cult. These elegant trees will thrive well in a mixture of loam and sand, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. II. HELLERIA (in honour of George Heller, professor of botany at Wurzburg). Nees et Mart. nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 40. t. 7. St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 90. LIN. SYST. Polyadelphia, Polydndria. Lobes of calyx im- pressed with glandular pores on the back. Petals reflexed. Stamens numerous, disposed in 5 fascicles, alternating with the petals ; filaments connected into a ring at the base ; cells of an- thers smooth, ending in a gland. Stigma 5-lobed. Ovary vil- lous, 5-celled. Fruit drupe-formed ; cells of putamen exca- vated, usually fewer than in the ovary. — Trees and shrubs, with stalked, entire leaves. Flowers terminal on the branches, usually in dichotomous cymes or corymbs. Sometimes there is a 6th cell added to the ovary. 1 H. ovALiF6nA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 91.) leaves large, ovate ; peduncles hispid ; petals tomentose. fj . S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of Minas Geraes and Minas Novas. Pe- tals greenish-white. Oval-leaved Helleria. Fl. Aug. Shrub 6 feet. 2 H. OBOVA'TA (Nees et Mart. nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 40. t. 7.) leaves obovate, emarginate and mucronulate at the apex ; pe- duncles and petals smooth. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals greenish-white. O6oia2 . S. Native of the Philippine and Molucca islands and other parts of the East Indies. Sandoricum, Rumph. amb. 1. 1. 61. Lam. ill. t. 350. Hantol, Lam. diet. This last is its name in the Philippine islands. Racemes axillary, somewhat panicled. Flowers yellow. Fruit fleshy, agreeably acid. Indian Sandal-tree. Clt. 1820. Tree 40 feet. % S. SERRA'TUM ; leaflets ovate-elliptic, acuminated, repandly- crenated. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Differs from S. 1'ndicum in the leaves being crenate, not entire. Serrate-leaved Sandal-wood. Tree. Cult. These trees will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. VIII. ME'LIA (^utXitt the Greek name for the ash ; resem- blance in leaves). Lin. gen. no. 576. D. C. prod. 1. p. 621. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Decdndria. Calyx small, 5-cleft (f. 114. a.). Petals 5 (f. 114. 6.), oblong-linear, spreading. Stamens 10, with the filaments joined into a 20-toothed tube (f. n't. c.), bearing the anthers on the inside at the throat. Ovary seated on a somewhat stipitate torus. Style filiform. Stigma capitate, 5-angled. Drupe ovate, containing a 5-fur- rowed, 5-celled nucleus, each cell containing 1 seed. Albumen fleshy, with flat leafy cotyledons and a superior radicle. — Trees with impari-pinnate or bipinnate leaves, and axillary panicles of white or blue flowers, with reddish or purplish tube, and yellow anthers. 1 M. AZEDARA'CH (Lin. spec. 550.) leaves bipinnate ; leaflets deeply serrated, somewhat quinate. Tj.G. Native of Ceylon and Syria. Cav. diss. 7. p. 363. t. 207. Lam. ill. 372. Comm. hort. 1. t. 70. Leaves deciduous in autumn, remaining so all the winter in Europe, but within the tropics they are evergreen. Petals violet ; tube of stamens reddish. Fruit the size of a cherry, pale-yellow when ripe. The pulp surrounding the nucleus is poisonous, and when mixed with grease is said to kill dogs. The seeds are bored and strung for beads by the Roman Ca- tholics. Azadaracht is a name under which Avicennes speaks of a poisonous tree. Azedarach Bead-tree. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1659. Tree 40 ft. 2 M. ROBU'STA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 33.) leaves bipinnate, especially with the leaflets either pinnate or ternate, membra- nous, roundish or oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, toothed ; young leaves, branches, and petioles covered with a kind of scurfy pubescence ; panicles axillary. Tj . S. Native of Ma- labar. Flowers probably bluish. Robust Bead-tree. Clt. 1820. Tree 40 feet. 3 M. AUSTRA'LIS (Sweet, hort. brit. ed. 2. p. 85.) leaves bi- pinnate ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, crenate-toothed ; panicles axil- lary. T; . G. Native of New Holland. Leaves sometimes pinnate. Southern Bead-tree. Clt. 1810. Tree 20 feet. 4 M. JAPONICA ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, slightly crenate ; panicles axillary, divaricated. Tj . G. Native of Japan. Differs from M. Azedarach, in the leaves being slightly crenated, not deeply toothed, and in the panicles being divaricate, not racemose. Flowers the colour of those of M. Azedarach. Japan Bead-tree. Tree 30 feet. 5 M. SEMPERVIRENS (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 737.) leaves bipinnate ; leaflets deeply toothed, usually 7 in number, when young shining ; petioles roundish at the base. Tj . G. Na- tive of Jamaica in hedges. Ker. hot. reg. 643. M. Azeda- rach /3, Lin. spec. 550. Smaller than the M. Azedarach, usually flowering the second year from seed, and the leaves are later of falling off in the autumn. This tree is known in the West Indies by the name of Indian lilac. Flowers bluish. Ever-green Bead-tree. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1656. Tr. 25 ft. 6 M. COMHOSITA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 559.) leaves somewhat bipinnate, but at the apex of the petioles they are simply pin- nate ; leaflets almost entire, lower ones ternate ; peduncles, ca- lyxes, and petals rather velvety. *J . S. Native of the East Indies, the Island of Timor, and is now cultivated in the Canary Islands. — M. dubia, Cav. diss. 7. 364. is probably distinct from this, but is not sufficiently known. — Burm. ind. t. 24. Flowers with whitish or pinkish petals, and the tube of the stamens purple. Leaves falling off in winter. ^;. VIII. MELIA. IX. TRICHILIA. 681 Compound-leaved Bead-tree. Fl.Jul.Aug. Clt. 1810. Tr. 30ft. 7 M. ARGU'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 622.) leaves bipinnate ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, sharply and awnedly serrated ; calyxes and pedicels rather velvety. Jj . S. Native of the Moluccas. Flowers unknown. (S/ior/i-serrated-leaved Bead-tree. Tree 20 feet. FIG. 114. 8 M. AZADIRA'CHTA (Lin. spec. 550.) leaves pinnate ; petioles te- rete ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, un- equal at the base, acuminated, dentately-serrated. Tj . S. Na- tive of the East Indies. Cav. diss. 7. p. 364. t. 208. — Burm. zeyl. t. 15. — Rheed. mal. 4. t. 52. Flowers bluish. Fruit when ripe of a purplish colour, about the size of a small olive, the pulp is oily, acrid, and bitter as well as the bark. Azadarachta is a name under which Avicennes speaks of a poisonous tree. Azadirachta Bead-tree. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. Tr. 20 ft. 9 M. BACCIFERA (Roth. nov. spec. p. 218.) leaves pinnate ; petioles round ; leaflets ovate, coarsely and bluntly serrated above the middle, equal at the base. Tj . S. Native of the East In- dies. Flower with pinkish petals, and a purple staminiferous tube. Berry-bearing Bead-tree. Tree 20 feet. 10 M. EXCE'LSA (Jack, mal. misc. vol. 1. no. 1. p. 12.) leaves pinnate ; leaflets quite entire ; panicles crowded, axillary, a little longer than the leaves. T? . S. Native of Pulo-Penang. Tri- chilia excelsa, Spreng. syst. app. p. 252. Flowers white. An- thers 10, in the throat of a 10-toothed tube. Lofty Bead-tree. Clt. 1819. Tree 50 feet. 11 M. GUINEE'NSIS (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 168.) leaves bipinnate ; leaflets deeply and coarsely serrated ; flowers in terminal, divaricate panicles. tj . S. Native of Guinea, where it is called by the English settlers lilac. Flowers with white or pinkish petals, and a purplish tube of stamens. Fruit small, pale-yellow when ripe ; the pulp is poisonous. Guinea Bead-tree or Lilac; Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1824. Tr. 30ft. •{• Species only known by name. 12 M. SUPE'RBA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 33.). Tj . S. Native of the East Indies at Soonda. Superb Bead-tree. Clt. 1810. Tree 30 feet. 13 M. TOMENTOSA (Roxb. 1. c. p. 90.). Jj . S. Native of Prince of Wales Island. Downy Bead-tree. Tree 30 feet. Cult. These fine trees will thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand; and large ripened cuttings will strike root in sand under a hand-glass, but those of the stove species require to be placed in a moderate heat. It must be observed that the leaves should not be shortened. Seeds, if Ihey can be procured, is the best mode of increasing the species. Tribe II. TRICHILIE'jE (plants agreeing with Trichilia in important characters). D. C. prod. 1. p. 622. Cells of fruit 1-2-seeded. Seeds without albumen. Embryo inverted. Cotyledons very thick. IX. TRICHI'LIA (from rpi\a, tricha, by threes, which comes from Tpcie ; the stigma is 3-lobed, and the capsule is usually 3- valved and 3-celled). Lin. gen. no. 528. D. C, prod. 1. p. 622.— Trichilia, Elcaja, and Portesia of Juss. LIN. SYST. Octo-Decdndria, Monogynia, or Monadelphia, VOL. i. — PART. viii. Clt. 1800. Tree 20 feet. FIG. 115. Octo-Decdndria. Calyx 4-5-toolhed or lobed (f. 115. a.). Petals 4-5 (f. 115. 6.) -ovate or rather oblong, connected at the base. Stamens 8 or 10 (f. 115. rf.)( filaments flat, sometimes distinct (f. 115. d.~), sometimes closely joined into a tube, bear- ing the anthers at the throat or between the teeth of the tube. Style simple, crowned by a capitate 3-lobed stigma. Capsules S-valved, 3-celled (rarely 2-valved, 2-celled) ; valves bearing a dissepiment in the middle of each ; cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds baccate, arillate. Embryo inverted, with very thick cotyledons. Trees and shrubs, with alternate, impari-pinnate, or trifoliate leaves, and axillary racemes or panicles of white flowers, some- times disposed into a crowded, sessile head. * Leaves pinnate. 1 T. HIRTA (Lin. spec. 550.) leaves impari-pinnate, with 3 or 4 pairs of elliptical, acuminated, smooth leaflets ; racemes crowded ; filaments of stamens truly joined into a tube. ^ • S. Native of Jamaica, plentiful between Passage Fort and St. Jago de la Vega. Flowers greenish-white, with purple-headed stamens. Hairy Trichilia. Fl. June, July. 2 T. SPONDIOIDES (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 730.) leaves impari-pin- nate, with 5 or 10 pairs of ovate- lanceolate leaflets, which are some- what hairy on the margins ; ra- cemes panicled, axillary ; fila- ments of stamens almost distinct. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica and St. Domingo on the mountains. Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 1. t. 102. — Sloane, hist. 2. t. 210. f. 2-3. Flowers small, whitish, odorous. The French in the West Indies called it Bastard Monbin. Spondias-like Trichilia. Fl. Sept. Dec. Clt. 1800. Tr. 20 ft. 3 T. AFFINIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 78.) leaflets 9, rarely 8 or fewer, lanceolate-ovate, obscurely acuminated, puberulous on the nerves beneath ; panicles not half so long as the leaves, usually twin ; petals connected at the base, hardly puberulous ; filaments connate into an 8-10-toothed tube, bearing the anthers between the teeth. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of the Missions. Petals yellowish. Allied Trichilia. Fl. Mar. Shrub 8 feet. 4 T. RICHARDIANA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 78.) leaves im- pari-pinnate, with 3 pairs of lanceolate, bluntly acuminated leaflets, which are pilose in the axils of the veins beneath ; pa- nicles loose and few-flowered, rather longer than the petioles ; petals distinct, smooth ; filaments connate into an 8-toothed tube, bearing the anthers between the teeth. Jj . S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Richard's Trichilia. Tree. 5 T. TOMENTOSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 215.) leaves impari-pinnate, with 12-15 pairs of oblong, somewhat acuminated leaflets, which are smoothish above and clothed with short, hoary down beneath ; panicles axillary, longer than the petioles. ^ . S. Native of Peru on the western declivities of the Andes. Flowers whitish. Filaments connate into a tube. Tomenlose Trichilia. Tree 30 faet. 6 T. QUADRI'JUGA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 215.) leaves impari-pinnate with usually 4 pairs of oblong, acuminated, smooth leaflets ; panicles axillary, longer than the petioles; filaments of stamens hairy on the inside; capsules somewhat pear-shaped, fy . S. Native of South America on the banks of the river Magdalena. Flowers whitish. 4 S 682 . IX. TRICHILIA. Four-paired-leafletted Trichilia. Tree 30 feet. 7 T. EME'TICA (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 31.) leaves impari-pinnate, with 4 pairs of elliptical leaflets, which are villous on the under surface ; flowers decandrous, crowded ; filaments of stamens joined to the middle. ^ . G. Native of Arabia on the Yemen mountains. Elcaja, Forsk. descr. 127. Flowers whitish. The fruit of this tree, mixed with perfumes, is used by the Arabian women for washing their hair. The fresh seeds are made into an ointment with those of Sesamum against the itch. Forskol found mention of this tree in an Arabian book by the name of Djmiz-Elcai, whence his generic name Elcaja. Emetic Trichilia. Tree 30 feet. 8 T. HAVANNE'NSIS (Jacq. amer. 129. t. 175. f. 38. pict. p. 65. t. 260. f. 35.) leaves impari-pinnate, with 2 or 3 pairs of obovate, smooth leaflets, outer ones largest ; racemes cymose, axillary, crowded, shorter than the petioles. ^ . S. Native of Cuba in mountain woods, and near Xalapa in Mexico. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 216. T. glabra, Lin. syst. nat. 13. p. 294. Flowers white. Stamens distinct at apex. All parts of the tree have an unpleasant smell when bruised. Havannah Trichilia. Clt. 1794. Tree 30 feet. 9 T. CATI'GUA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 77.) leaves pinnate ; leaflets 9-12, lanceolate, or lanceolate-ovate, smooth; panicles much shorter than the leaves, 2-3-ternate ; petals connected at the base, spreading, densely pubescent ; filaments connate into an 8-10-toothed tube, and bearing the anthers between the teeth. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, where it is called Catigua. Wood hard. Far. ft, parvifldra (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaflets 11-15; panicles shorter ; flowers not half the size. In the province of Goyaz. Catigua Trichilia. Fl. April, June. Tree 40 feet. 10 T.ODORA'TA (Andr. hot. rep. t. 637.) leaves impari-pinnate, with 3-4 pairs of smooth, ovate- oblong, wavy leaflets; racemes axillary, glomerate ; stamens bifid, distinct. ^ • S. Native of St. Vincent? Hook, exot. fl. t. 128. Flowers greenish-white, sweet-scented, 4-petalled, and with a 4-toothed calyx. Sweet-scented Trichilia. Clt. 1801. Tree 20 feet. 11 T. PA'LLIDA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 733.) leaves pinnate, with 3 pairs of ovate-lanceolate, acute, smooth, membranaceous leaflets ; racemes axillary, and somewhat terminal ; flowers oc- tandrous ; capsules 2-valved. Tj . S. Native of Hispaniola and Mexico in bushy places on the mountains. Portesia ovata, Cav. diss. 7. p. 369. t. 215. ? Lam. ill. t. 302. f. 1. Flowers white. Filaments distinct almost to the base. Pale Trichilia. Fl. Feb. Mar. Tree 16 feet. 12 T. MOSCHA^TA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 735.) leaves pin- nate, with alternate, ovate, acuminated, smooth leaflets ; racemes axillary ; anthers sessile on the top of the tube ; capsules usually 1-seeded. Tj . S. Native on the north side of Jamaica in woods, where it is called musk-mood, on account of the smell of every part of the tree when rubbed. Flowers whitish. Musk Trichilia. Fl. May. Tree 20 feet. 1ST. TERMINALS (Jacq. amer. 130.) leaves pinnate, with 3 pairs of lanceolate, blunt, shining leaflets ; racemes panicled ; lobes of calyx profoundly cut, much spreading ; filaments of stamens distinct. Tj • S. Native of Jamaica near Kingston. Flowers white. Terminal Trichilia. Tree 20 feet. 14 T. GLANDULOSA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. p. 36. no. 10.) leaves pinnate, with 5 or 7 elliptical-lanceolate, bluntly acuminated leaflets, hairy at the origin of the veins beneath ; flowers octan- drous ; tube of stamens entire ; stigma depressed. P? . G. Native of New Holland at Port Jackson. T. octandra, Sol. mss. Flowers whitish. Glandular Trichilia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1821. Tree 20 ft. 15 T. BI'JUGA (Labill. nov. cal. t. 54.) leaves abruptly pin- nate, with 2 pairs of oblong, waved, smooth leaflets ; panicle loose, shorter than the leaves ; anthers 10, in the throat of a toothed tube. ^ . G. Native of New Caledonia. Petals yellow. 7«>o-/>atYerf-leafletted Trichilia. Tree 30 feet. 16 T. SPECTA'BILIS (Forst. prod. no. -188.) leaves pinnate, with obovate leaflets ; racemes axillary, supra-decompound. Tj . G. Native of New Zealand. Flowers white. Sheny Trichilia. Tree 20 feet ? 17 T. ALLIA'CEA (Forst. prod. no. 189.) leaves pinnate, with lanceolate, acute leaflets ; racemes axillary, supra-decompound. >j . G. Native of the island of Namoka in the South Seas. Dysoxylum alliaceum and longifolium, Blum.bijdr. 4th number. Flowers white. All parts of the tree smells of garlic when bruised. Gar/zc-scented Trichilia. Tree 20 feet. 1ST. E'LEGANS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 79. t. 98.) leaves impari-pinnate, with 1-2-3 pairs of lanceolate, bluntish leaflets, which are pilose in the axils of the veins beneath ; panicles ra- ceme-formed, about equal in length to the petioles ; petals dis- tinct, smooth ; filaments connate into an 8-10-toothed tube, bearing the anthers between the teeth, Jj . S. Native of Brazil in woods not far from the town of St. Paul. Petals whitish. Elegant Trichilia. Fl. Nov. Tree 15 feet. 19 T. HETEROPHY'LLA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 554.) leaves pinnate and ternate, with ovate, acuminated, smooth leaflets ; racemes axillary ; flowers octandrous. Tj . S. Native of Madagascar. Portesia mucronata, Cav. diss. 7. p. 370. t. 216. Lam. ill. t. 302. f. 2. Flowers yellowish. Anthers sessile between the teeth of the tube. Variable-leaved Trichilia. Tree 20 feet. 20 T. MONTANA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 7. p. 226.) leaves impari-pinnate, with 1-2 pairs of oblong, acuminated, smooth leaflets, which are netted beneath ; panicles axillary, solitary, or twin almost simple, longer than the petioles. Tj . S. Native of New Granada on Mount Quindiu. Flowers whitish. Mountain Trichilia. Tree 20 feet. * Leaves trifoliate. 21 T. TRIFOLIA'TA (Lin. spec. 551.) leaves trifoliate ; leaflets obovate, shining. Tj • S. Native of Curacoa in dry grassy places. — Jacq. amer. 129. t. 82. pict. 65. t. 123. T. Halesia, Laefl. itin. 188. Flowers white. All parts of the tree have an unpleasant smell. The negresses use a decoction of the roots to procure abortion. In Curacoa the tree is called Kerse-boom or Cherry-tree. The Spaniards also call it Cerasso-macho or Male-cherry. Trifoliate Trichilia. Shrub 6-10 feet. 22 T. PTELEJEFOLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 80. t. 99.) leaves ternate ; leaflets obovate, shortly and bluntly acuminated, mem- branous, puberulous ; panicles shorter than the petioles ; petals distinct, smooth ; filaments joined into a tube at the base, dis- tinct above, bidentate at the top ; cells of ovary only containing 1 ovula. \i . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers small, white. Ptelea-leaved Trichilia. FJ. Oct. Shrub. 23 T. NERVOSA (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 31.) leaves trifoliate; leaflets ovate. T; . S. Native of Java. Melia Koatj&pa, Burm. ind. 101. exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers whitish. Nerved-leaved Trichilia. Tree 20 feet. 24 T. VENOSA (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 68.) leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate-roundish, obtuse, with parallel veins, smooth ; flowers pa- nicled, smooth. Tj . S. Native of the island of Mascarin. Veiny-\eaMeA Trichilia. Shrub. 25 T. PORTORICE'NSIS (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 68.) leaves ter- nate ; leaflets oblong, acutish, repand, smooth on both surfaces, shining ; petioles channelled ; racemes corymbose, few-flowered. Tj . S. Native of Porto-Rico. MELIACE./E. X. MILNEA. XI. GONIOSCHETON. XII. DYSOXYLUM. XIII. EKEBERGIA. XIV. GUAREA. 683 Porto-Rico Trichilia. Tree. * * * Leaves simple. Doubtful species, probably referable to a separate genus. 26 T. ? SPINOSA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 554.) leaves simple, ovate, emarginate ; branches spinose ; berry 3-celled. fy . S. Native of the East Indies. Turrse'a virens, Hell. act. holm. 1788. p. 29k t. 10. f. 1. Flowers white? Probably a species of Li- monia ? Spiny Trichilia. Shrub ? 27 T. ? INE'RMIS (Spreng. neue. entd. 1. p. 285.) leaves sim- ple, obovate, retuse, coriaceous, shining, quite entire ; branches unarmed ; capsules 3-celled. ^ . S. Native of Brazil. This is probably a species of Turrcea. Flowers white ? Unarmed Trichilia. Tree ? 28 T.? SCA'NDENS (Lunan. hort. jam. 2. p. 319.) leaves simple, lanceolate, ovate, with revolute margins ; flowers spiked, each with 4 styles. ^ . w. S. Native of Jamaica. Flowers whitish. Climbing Trichilia. Shrub cl. 29 T. SIMPLICIFOLIA (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 69.) leaves oblong, acuminated, smooth ; petioles thickened at the apex ; flowers panicled, octandrous. >j . S. Native of Martinico. Hedwigia simplicifolia, N. E. Simple- leaved Trichilia. Shrub. Cult. These trees will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings, without shortening their leaves, will strike root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. X. MI'LNEA (in honour of Colin Milne, LL.D. author of a kind of Botanical Dictionary, Institutes of Botany, and nume- rous other works). Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 430 LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Pentandria. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Urceolus with 5 anthers round its inside at the throat. Ovary 3-celled, containing 1-2 ovulae in each cell, which are attached to the central column, without albumen. Berry round- oval, large, 3-celled, usually 1 -seeded. — A middle-sized tree, with unequally-pinnate leaves, with about 3 or 6 pairs of nearly opposite, entire, smooth leaflets, .without stipulas, and axillary panicles of white flowers. Seeds solitary, inserted in a com- plete, thick, lucid, edible aril, like that of the Litchi of the Chinese. 1 M. EDU LIS (Roxb. 1. c.) P? . S. Native of the East In- dies on the Garrow Hills, and of the Silhet district, where it is called Gumi by the natives, who eat the aril which surrounds the seed. Eatable Milnea. Tree 20 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will answer this tree ; and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XI. GONIOSCHETON (from yuvta, gonia, an angle, and \ITV, chiton, an inner coat ; in allusion to the staminiferous tube being angular). Blum, bijdr. 4th number. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Decandria. Calyx small, obsoletely 5-toothed. Petals 5, oblong, spreading. Stamens 10, joined into a short, angular, toothed, conic tube, bearing the anthers in • its throat. Ovary girded by a membranous urceolus, 5-celled ; cells 2-ovulate. Style filiform, crowned by a peltate, angular stigma. Capsule globose, coriaceous, 3-4-valved, 3-4-celled from abortion. Seed solitary, exarillate, exalbuminose, fixed to the inner angle. Cotyledons large. — A tree with impari-pinnate leaves, and compound axillary racemes of flowers. 1 G. ARBORE'SCENS (Blum. 1. c.) leaflets oblong, tapering to both ends, fj . S. Native of Java. Trichilia arborescens, Spreng. syst. append. 252. Arborescent Gonioscheton. Tree 20 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will suit this tree, and ripe cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XII. DYSO'XYLUM (from SwuSiis, dusodes, fetid, and v, xylon, wood ; the wood is fetid). Blum, bijdr. 4th number. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Octo-Decandria. Calyx small, 4-5- cleft. Petals 4-5, oval-oblong. Anthers 8-10, inserted in the throat of the denticulated tube. Ovary girded by a short ring, 3-4-celled ; cells 2-ovulate. Style filiform, crowned by a sub- peltate stigma. Capsule coriaceous, 3-4-valved, 3-4-celled, or from abortion 2-valved, 1-2-celled, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds solitary, exarillate, exalbuminose, fixed to the middle of the inner angle of the cells. Trees with impari-pinnate leaves, and axillary and terminal panicles of flowers. 1 D. EXCE'LSUM (Blum. 1. c.) leaves impari-pinnate, with 4 pairs of leaflets, which are ovate-oblong, acuminated and oblique at the base ; panicles axillary, crowded ; flowers octandrous ; capsule globose. Tj . S. Native of Java and the Straits of Malacca. Trichilia excelsa, Spreng. syst. append, p. 252. Tall Dysoxylum. Tree 50 feet. 2 D. MACROCA'RPUM (Blum. 1. c.) leaves pinnate; leaflets oblong, alternate ; flowers decandrous, panicled ; capsule large, globose. Jj . S. Native of Java. Trichilia macrocarpa, Spreng. syst. append, p. 252. Large-fruited Dysoxylum. Tree. 3 D. LAXIFLORUM (Blum. 1. c.) leaves pinnate ; leaflets alter- nate, oblong-lanceolate ; flowers decandrous, in loose panicles. Tj . S. Native of Java. Lax-flowered Dysoxylum. Tree. 4 D. SI'MILE (Blum. 1. c.) leaves pinnate ; leaflets alter- nate, opposite, oblong, bluntish, unequal ; flowers decandrous, panicled ; capsule globose. ^ . S. Native of Java. Tri- chilia similis, Spreng. syst. append, p. 252. Similar Dysoxylum. Tree. 5 D. MOLLI'SSIMBM (Blum. 1. c.) leaves pinnate ; leaflets subopposite, ovate-oblong, bluntish, villous beneath, as well as the panicles, which are divaricate ; flowers octandrous. t? . S. Native of Java. Trichilia mollissima, Spreng. syst. append. p. 252. Very-soft Dysoxylum. Tree. Cult. These trees will thrive in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XIII. EKEBE'RGIA (in honour of Charles Gustavus Eke- berg, Captain a Swedish East Indiaman, who took Sparmann to China for the purpose of making inquiries in natural his- . tory). Sparm. act. holm. 1779. p. 282. t. 9. D. C. prod. 1. p. 623. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Decandria. Calyx 4-cleft. Petals 4. Stamens 10 ? with a very short, entire tube ; anthers almost sessile on the inside of the tube. Stigma capitate. Berry glo- bose, 5-seeded. Seeds unknown. — A tree with impari-pinnate leaves. 1 E. CAPE'NSIS (Sparm. 1. c.) ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope in the woods of Hautenequas and Essenboch, where it is called by the Dutch colonists Essen or Esschenboom, and Hautenequas Essen, from its resemblance to the common ash. Leaves impari-pinnate, with 5 pairs of elliptical, acumi- nated, smooth leaflets. Flowers white. Trichilia Cap£nsis, Pers. ench. 1. p. 468. Cape Ekebergia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1789. Tree 20 ft. Cult. This tree will succeed well in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings, not deprived of their leaves, will root in sand under a hand-glass. XIV. GU A'REA (Guara is a name given to one of the species 4 s2 684 XIV. GUAREA. XV. EPICHARIS. by the natives of Cuba). Lin. mant. no. 1305. D. C. prod. 1. p. 623. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Oclandria. Calyx small, 4-toothed. Petals 4, distinct, oblong, obtuse. Stamens 8, joined into an entire or crenulate tube bearing the anthers on the inside at the throat. Anthers 2-celled, bursting inwards. Style simple, crowned by a discoid stigma. Capsule somewhat globose, 4- celled, 4-valved, bearing a dissepiment in the middle of each valve, smooth or tubercled. Seeds solitary or twin in the cells, without albumen, but covered with red aril. — Trees or shrubs, with abruptly seldom with impari- pinnate leaves, and axillary panicles, racemes, or spikes of white or reddish flowers. 1 G. GRANDIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 624.) leaflets many pairs, oval-oblong, feather-nerved, with 10 or 12 lateral, very prominent nerves beneath ; racemes elongated. ^ . S. Native of French Guiana, as well as the Caribbee Islands. — Plum. icon, t. 147. f. 2. Melia Guara, Jacq. amer. 126. t. 176. f. 37. Trichilia Guara, Lin. spec. 551. G. trichilioides, Lin. mant. 228. exclusive of the synonymes of Browne and Marcgrave. G. macrophylla, Vahl. ? Leaves large ; leaflets 8 or 9 inches long, lower ones smallest. Petals silky on the outside, 4 or 5 lines long. Tube of stamens entire, not toothed at the apex. Fruit roundish, according to Jacquin. All parts of this tree, but especially the bark, smell strong of musk, and may be used in- stead of that perfume for many purposes. The wood is full of a bitter, resinous substance, which renders it unfit for rum hogs- heads, being observed to communicate both its smell and taste to all spiritous liquors ; but it is often cut for staves and head- ing when there is a scarcity of other timber. The powder of the bark is said to be a good emetic, and is sometimes used among the negroes for that purpose. The English call it Musk- mood and Alligator-wood ; the French Hois-rouge. Great-leaved Guarea. Fl. Feb. Mar. Clt. 1 752. Tr. 30 ft. 2 G. SPIC^EFLORA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 81.) bark of branches grey, scabrous ; leaflets 9-13, lanceolate-ovate, shortly acumi- nated ; panicles spike-formed, oblong ; capsule smooth. Pj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. Petals reddish. Spike-flowered Guarea. Fl. Oct. Tree 20 feet. 3 G. MULTI'JUGA (St. Hil. fl, bras. 2. p. 82.) bark of branches dark-red ; leaflets 32, opposite, middle one half a foot long, all oblong-lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate, acuminated, smooth ; panicle rather pyramidal, very long ; capsule smooth. Tj • S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals rose- coloured. Many-paired-leaved Guarea. Fl. Dec. Tree 30 feet. 4 G. PI/RGANS (St. Hil. pi. usu. bras. no. 71. and fl. bras. 2. p. 83.) bark of branches red; leaflets 10-18, oblong-lanceolate, shortly and bluntly acuminated, smooth ; panicle raceme-formed ; capsule pear-shaped, smooth, and even. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. — Jito, Marcg. bras. 120. with a figure. The bark of this tree is bitter, and is employed as a purgative by the inhabitants of Brazil. Cathartic Guarea. Fl. Sept. Tree 30 feet. 5 G. SWA'RTZII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 624.) leaflets 2 to 4 pairs, lanceolate-ovate, acuminated, feather-nerved, with 6 or 7 pro- minent, lateral nerves beneath ; racemes elongated. Jj . S. Na- tive of the Caribbee Islands. Elutheria, Browne, jam. 369. no. 7.— Sloan, hist. 2. t. 170. f. 1. Guarea trichilioides, Swartz, obs. 146. Flowers white. This tree possesses the same quali- ties as the preceding. Snartz's Guarea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. Tree 20 feet. 6 G. BRACHYSTACHYA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 624.) leaflets 4 or 5 pairs, oval, acute ; racemes axillary, solitary, 4 times shorter than the leaves ; fruit globose, and are, as well as branchlets, tubercled. Tj . S. Native of New Spain. Flowers whitish. Short-spiked Guarea. Tree 20 feet. 7 G. HU MILIS (Bert, in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 624.) leaflets 2 or 3 pairs, oval, acuminated ; racemes axillary, solitary, 4 times shorter than the leaves ; branchlets smooth. T? . S. Native of Porto-Rico. G. glabra, Vahl. ? Flowers whitish. Humble Guarea. Tree 10 feet. 8 G. TUBERCULA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 83. t. 100.) bark grey, scabrous ; leaflets 3-12, alternate, lanceolate -ovate, shortly and obtusely-acuminated, smooth ; panicle raceme-formed ; cap- sule smooth, tubercled, or puberulous. Jj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. Petals white. Tubercled-fruited Guarea. Tree 30 feet. 9 G. LESSONIA'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 84.) bark grey, wrinkled; leaflets 6-10, opposite, lanceolate-ovate, shortly-acu- minated, pubescent beneath ; panicles raceme-formed ; capsule pear-shaped, tubercled, velvety-pubescent. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the Island of St. Catharine. Lesson's Guarea. Tree. 10 G. RAMIFLORA (Vent, choix. t. 41.) leaflets 2 pairs, ovate- lanceolate ; racemes lateral, very short, rising from the sides of the branches ; capsules globose. Tj • S. Native of Porto-Rico. Flowers whitish. Branch-flowered Guarea. Clt. 1822. Tree 20 feet. 11 G. EXCE'LSA (Bonpl. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 7. p. 227.) leaflets 2 or 3 pairs, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, smooth above, villous beneath at the origin of the veins ; panicles axil- lary, almost simple, hardly exceeding the petioles, fj . S. Na- tive of New Spain between Acapulca and Zumpanga. Flowers white. Lofty Guarea. Tree 50 feet. Cult. All the species of Guarea will thrive well in loam mixed with a little sand, and ripened cuttings, with their leaves not shortened, will strike root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XV. EPICHA'RIS (from twixapif, epicharis, beautiful ; ele- gance of trees). Blum, bijdr. 4th number. LIN. SYST. Monodelphia, Octo-Decandria. Calyx urceolate, irregularly 5-6-cleft. Petals 4, rarely 5. Anthers 8-10, adnate to the throat of a toothed tube. Ovary inclosed in the tube, 4- celled ; cells 2-ovulate. Style filiform, crowned by a capitate, depressed stigma. Capsule subglobose, coriaceous, 2-4-valved, 2-4-celled, with the valves bearing a dissepiment in the middle of each. Seeds solitary, incompletely covered by a fleshy aril, exalbuminous. Cotyledons very thick. — Trees with abruptly- pinnate leaves. 1 E. DENSIFLORA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves with 5-8 pairs of alter- nate, oblong, acuminated leaflets, which are oblique at tlie base, and pubescent beneath ; racemes crowded, axillary. Tj . S. Native of Java. Guarea densiflora, Spreng. syst. append, p. 251. Dense-flowered Epicharis. Tree 50 feet. 2 E. CAULIFLORA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves with many pairs of op- posite, oblong, acuminated leaflets, which are villous beneath ; racemes crowded, lateral. Tj . S. Native of Java. Guarea cauliflora, Spreng. syst. append, p. 251. Stem-flowered Epicharis. Tree 50 feet. 3 S. SERI'CEA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves with many pairs of oblong, acuminated leaflets, which are covered with silky pubescence be- neath ; racemes crowded, lateral. fj . S. Native of Java. Guarea sericea, Spreng. syst. append, p. 251. Silky Epicharis. Tree 60 feet. 4 E. ALTI'SSIMA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves with many pairs of oblong, acuminated leaflets, which are pubescent at the ribs beneath. Fj . S. Native of Java. Tallest Epicharis. Tree 140 feet. Cult. These trees will succeed in a mixture of loam and MELIACEJE. XVI. DIDYMOCHETON. XVII. APHANAMIXIS. XVIII. HEYNEA. XIX. CHISOCHETON. XX. CARAPA. 685 peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XVI. DIDYMOCHETON (from SiSvftoe, didymos, double, and -)(_iTiav, chiton, a coat ; in allusion to the petals being con- nected with the staminiferous tube at the base). Blum, bijdr. 4th number. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Decandria. Calyx small, 5-sepalled, imbricate. Petals 5, connate with the tube of the stamens at the base, but free at the apex, spreading. Stamens 10, with the tube elongated and 10-toothed at the apex, bearing the anthers in the throat. Ovary inclosed in the membranous tube, 5-celled ; cells 2-ovulate. Style filiform, terminated by a capitate stigma. Berry corticate, ovate, 2-3-celled from abortion. Seeds solitary, axarillate, exalbuminous, fixed to the inner angle of the cells. Cotyledons thick. — A shrub with impari-pinnate leaves. 1 D. ND'TANS (Blum. 1. c.) leaflets oblong-lanceolate, pubes- cent on the ribs beneath ; spikes panicled, axillary, nodding ; flowers glomerate. Jj . S. Native of Java. Nodding- flowered Didymocheton. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will answer this shrub, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XVII. APHANAMI'XIS (from a priv. avai, pkanai, to ap- pear, and jut£(f , mixis, mixed ; in allusion to not being joined at the base, but free and mixed). Blum, bijdr. 4th number. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Hexdndria. Calyx small, of 5 roundish, imbricate sepals. Petals 3, oval, concave, spreading. Stamens 6, connate into a globe. • Anthers oblong, trigonal. Ovary girded by a narrow ring, 3-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Style pyramidal, triquetrous, terminated by a simple stigma. Capsule obovate, 2-3-valved, 2-3-celled ; valves with a dissepiment in the middle of each. Seeds solitary, covered by a fleshy-lobed aril, umbilicate at the base, exalbuminous, fixed to the central receptacle. Cotyledons thick. Radicle superior. — A tall tree with impari-pinnate leaves ; leaflets opposite, oblong. Panicles elongated, axillary. 1 A. GRANDIFOLIA (Blum. 1. c.) Tj . S. Native of Java. Great-leaved Aphanamixis. Tree 40 feet. Cult. This tree will grow in a mixture of loam and sand ; and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XVIII. HE'YNEA (in honour of B. Heyne, M.D. a Ger- man botanist, and traveller in the East Indies). Roxb. hort. beng. p. 33. and in bot. mag. t. 1738. D. C. prod. 1. p. 624. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Decandria. Calyx 5-toothed. Pe- tals 5. Filaments 10, joined into a cylindrical tube, bearing the anthers at the apex. Style 1. Ovary 2-celled ; cells containing 2 ovulae, which are fixed to the inner angle. Capsules 2-valved 1-celled, 1-seeded from abortion. Seed arillate. Embryo inverted, free of albumen, with very thick cotyledons. — Trees with impari-piunate leaves, and panicles or racemes of small, white flowers. 1 H. TRI'JUGA (Roxb. hort. beng. 33. cor. 3. t. 260. and in Sims, bot. mag. t. 1738.) leaves impari-pinnate; leaflets 3 pairs ; panicles axillary, on long peduncles, corymbose. Tj . G. Native of Nipaul. Flowers white. Every part of the tree is bitter. Three-paired-leaved. Heynea. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1812. Tree 20 feet. 2 H. QBINQUE'JUGA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 90.) leaves abrupt- ly-pinnate, with 5-7 pairs of oval, oblong leaflets, which are clothed at the origin of the veins beneath with rusty down, as well as the twiggy panicle. Jj . S. Native of Java and the Moluccas. Trichilia rufinervia, Blum, bijdr. 4th number. Five-paired-leaved Heynea. Clt. 1816. Tree 20 feet. 3 H. MULTI'JUOA (Blum, bijdr. 4th number,) leaves impari- pinnate, with usually 6 pairs of oblong leaflets, tapering unequally on both sides to the base ; racemes axillary, solitary. T? . S. Native of Java. Many-paired-leaved. Heynea. Tree 20 feet. Cult. These trees will succeed well in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings, with their leaves not shortened, will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat. XIX. CHISOCHE'TON (from ^hizo, to cut, and \iriav, chiton, a coat ; in allusion to the staminiferous tube being 6-cleft). Blum, bijdr. 4th number. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Hexdndria. Calyx urceolate, nearly entire. Petals 4, linear. Anthers 6, rarely 7 or 8, inserted in the throat of a 6-cleft, conical tube. Ovary girded by a short ring, 3-celled'; cells 1-seeded. Style clavate, crowned by an obtuse stigma. Capsule 2-3-celled, or only 1-celled from abor- tion, 2-3-valved, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds arillate ; aril incomplete, fleshy. Embryo exalbuminous. Cotyledons large, peltate. — Trees with impari-pinnate leaves, and with branched panicles of flowers. 1 C. PA'TENS (Blum. 1. c.) leaflets oblong ; panicles spread- ing, much branched. ^ . S. Native of Java. Schizochiton, Spreng. syst. append, p. 251. Spreading-panicled Chisocheton. Tree. 2 C. DIVE'RGENS (Blum. 1. c.) leaflets oblong ; panicle divari- cate, twiggy, f? . S. Native of Java. Schizochiton, Spreng. I.e. Diverging- panicled Chisocheton. Tree. Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit the species of this genus, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XX. CAR A* PA (Carapa is the name of C. Guianensis in Guiana). Aubl. guian. suppl. p. 33. t. 387. D. C. prod. 1. p. C26. — Xylocarpus, Schreb. gen. no. 646. — Persoonia, Willd. spec. 2. p. 331. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Octo-Decdndria, Calyx coriaceous, 4-S-lobed. Petals 4 or 5, coriaceous. Stamens 8-10; filaments joined into a tube, which is toothed at the apex, and bearing the anthers on the inside at the throat. Style short. Stigma broad, truncate, with a furrowed margin. Drupe dry, globose, woody inside, 4*5 -furrowed, 4-5-valved, 4-5-seeded. Seeds thick, free of albumen. — Trees with abruptly-pinnate, coriaceous leaves, and panicled racemes of small, dirty-yellowish flowers. Stamens and habit of trees agreeing with Meliacece, but the seeds come closer to those of Guttiferce. 1 C. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. 1. c.) leaflets 8 or 10 pairs, alter- nate or opposite, elliptical, oblong, acuminated, coriaceous, shin- ing. Tj . S. Native of Guiana in forests. Lam. ill. t. 301. Persoonia Guareoides, Willd. spec. 331. The inhabitants of Guiana extract an oil from the seeds of this tree by boiling them in water, which they call oil of carapa, and is used by them for rubbing their hair and all parts of their body ; it preserves them against the bites of insects and the humidity of the atmos- phere. This oil is thick and bitter. The trunk of the tree fur- nishes masts for small vessels. The tree is called Carapa by the Caribbees, and Y-Andiroba by the Caripous. Fruit the size of an apple. Guiana Carapa. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1824. Tree 60 feet. 2 C. OBOVA'TA (Blum, bijdr. 4th number,) leaves with 2 pairs of obovate, coriaceous leaflets. Jj . S. Native of Java. Xylo- carpum obovatum, Spreng. syst. append. 147. Obovate-leaved Carapa. Tree 20 feet. 3 C. GUINEE'NSIS (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 1 68.) leaflets 8 or 1 0 pairs, oblong, acuminated, shining, coriaceous ; racemes 686 MELIACE^E. XX. CARAPA. XXI. CALPANDRIA. XXII. OIJONTANDRIA. CEDRELEACE.E. I. CEDRELA. panicled, axillary ; fruit tetragonal, 4-valved, 4-seeded. Tj . S. Native of Sierra Leone on the mountains. Afzelia splendens, Hortul. Fruit about the size of an apple, containing 3 or 4 large, angular nuts. There is an oil extracted from the nuts, which is used by some of the natives in place of soap, as well as for the purpose of anointing their bodies. Guinea Carapa. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1793. Tree 30 feet. 4 C. ? PROCERA (D. C. prod; 1. p. 620.) leaflets 4-5 pairs, obtuse, cuneated at the base ; flowers of 5 petals, decandrous. f?. S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. Trichilia procera, Forsyth, ined. in herb. Lher. Fruit unknown. Lofty Carapa. Tree 66 feet. 5 C. MOLUCCE'NSIS (Lam. diet. 1. p. 621.) leaflets usually 3 pairs, opposite, ovate, acute. Tj . S. Native of the Moluccas in muddy places among the mangroves. Granatum littoreum, Rumph. amb. 3. p. 92. t. 61. C. I'ndica, Juss. diet. sc. nat. 7. p. 31. Xylocarpus Granatum, Keen, naturf. 20. p. 2. The tree is called Cadul Oaha by the Cingalese, and Candalanga by the Tamuls. Molucca Carapa. Clt. 1820. Tree 50 feet. Cult. These trees will succeed well in a mixture of loam and sand, and ripe cuttings will strike root in sand under a hand- glass, in a moist heat. XXI. CALPA'NDRIA (from Ka\?nj, calpe, an urn, and avrjp ai><$pof, aner andros, a male ; in allusion to the stamens being situated in the throat of the urn-shaped tube). Blum, bijdr. 4th number. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Poly6ndria. Calyx of 4 permanent, unequal sepals. Petals 4. Stamens 25-40, filaments distinct at the base, but joined into a cylindrical tube at the top, bearing the anthers at its throat. Ovary 3-4-celled ; cells 3-ovulate. Stigma somewhat trifid. Capsule woody, subglobose, 3-valved, 3- celled, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve; cells con- taining 1-2 nuts from abortion. Nuts of 2 forms, 1 -seeded. Seeds exalbuminous, exarillate. — A shrub with simple, lanceo- late, serrated leaves, and solitary, or twin lateral flowers. 1 A. LANCEOLA'TA (Blum. I. c.) Tj . S. Native of Java. Lanceolate-leaved Calpandria. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. This shrub will probably grow in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand- glass, in heat. XXII. ODONTA'NDRIA (from ocioue oSovroe, odous odontos, a tooth, and av?jp avSpos, aner andros, a male ; sterile stamens appearing like teeth). H. B. et Kunth, 7. p. 228. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Decandria. Calyx hemispherical, 5-toothed. Petals 5, sessile, ovate, acute, equal, valvate in the bud. Filaments 10, connate at the base, the 5 opposite the petals sterile. Anthers ovate-cordate, 2-celled, bursting length- wise on the inside. Disk none. Style short, crowned by an obtuse stigma. — An unarmed tree, with alternate, simple, entire, membranous, exstipulate leaves, and axillary, many-flowered pa- nicles. Flowers conglomerate. 1 O. ACUMINA'TA (Willd. herb, in Rb'm et Schult, syst. 5. p. 511.) Tj.S. Native of New Granada. j4cuminated-\eaved Odontandria. Tree 30 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will suit this tree well, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. ORDER LII. CEDRELEA'CE^E (plants agreeing with Ce- drela in important characters). Cedreleae, R. Br. gen. rem. 64. Calyx short, 5-cleft (f. 116. a.). Petals 5 (f. 116. 6.), alter- nating with the segments of the calyx, and longer, erect, with a longitudinal plait on the inside of each in the middle. Genitals stipitate ; stipe furnished with 5 adnate glands, 5-angled, and between the glands the plaits of the petals interpose. Stamens 5, inserted in the stipe, and appear as if they were a continua- tion of the glands ; filaments awl-shaped ; anthers cordate, 2- celled, at length versatile. Style prismatically pentagonal, crowned by a peltate stigma (f. 116. c.), which is obsoletely pentagonal. Ovary seated on the stipe, 5-celled ; cells altern- ating with the stamens, containing 8 or 12 ovulas. Dissepiments connected with the central axis, with imbricate ovulaj inserted on both sides of it. Fruit capsular (f. 116. e.\ 5-valved; valves separable from the axis, and sometimes also the dissepiments, which alternate with the valves. Seeds suspended from the cen- tral placenta, with 2 rows in each cell imbricate, drawn out into a wing at the base or apex (f. 116./.) or at both ends. Albumen fleshy, sparing. Integument thin, spongy. Embryo nearly erect, with leafy cotyledons, and a short, exserted, superior radicle. — Trees with dense, beautifully grained, coloured, sweet-scented wood. Leaves alternate, pinnate, with many pairs of opposite or sub-opposite, unequal-sided leaflets. Panicle large, spreading, pyramidal, composed of numerous little cymes of flowers, with the lateral ones usually male, the terminal ones fertile. This order differs principally in the stamens being inserted in the torus or protruding from the back of the urceolus, rarely fixed to the throat of the tube, as in Swietenia. It also differs from the last order in the seeds being winged. The trees are of great value for their wood, of which mahogany will give a good idea. Synopsis of the Genera. 1 CEDRE'LA. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals adnate to the torus. Stamens 5, distinct. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds nu- merous, on each side of the dissepiment, ending in a wing. 2 SWIETE'NIA. Calyx 4-5-cleft (f. 116. a.). Stamens 8-10, joined into a tube. Capsule 5-celled (f. 116. e.), 5-valved. Seeds numerous, each drawn out into a wing (f. llC.y.). 3 CHLORO'XYLON. Calyx 5-cleft. Stamens 10, connected at the base. Capsule 3-valved, 3-celled. Seeds 4 in each side of the dissepiment, drawn out into a wing. 4 FLINDE'RSIA. Calyx 5-cleft. Stamens 10, alternate ones sterile. Capsule 5-valved, 5-celled. Seeds 2 in each side of the dissepiment, ending in a wing at the top. 5 OXLE'YA. Capsule 5-valved, 5-celled. Seeds 3, on each side of the dissepiment, ending in a wing at both ends. I. CEDRE'LA (from cedrus, the cedar-tree ; the wood has an aromatic scent like it). Lin. gen. no. 277. D. C. prod. 1. p. 624. Cedrus, Mill. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-toothed. Torus elevated, stipe-formed. Petals 5, broad at the base, approximate, adnate to the torus. Stamens 5 ; filaments short, distinct, inserted in the torus; anthers oblong. Style 1. Stigma capitate. Capsule woody, 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds numerous, compressed, imbricated downwards, ending in a membranous wing. Albumen fleshy. Embryo inverted. Co- tyledons flat, leafy (Gaert. fr. 2. p. 84. t. 95.). Trees with abruptly pinnate, many-paired leaves, and axillary and terminal panicles of small whitish flowers. CEDRELEACE^E. I. CEDRELA. II. SWIETENIA. 687 1 C. ODORA'TA (Lin. spec. 289.) leaflets ovate-lanceolate, entire, on short stalks. Tj . S. Native of the Caribbee Islands and Barbadoes. — Sloan, hist. 2. t. 220. f. 2. — Brownejam. 159. t. 10. f. 1. — Lam. ill. t. 137. Corollas whitish flesh-coloured, resembling those of hyacinth. Fruit about the size of a par- tridge's egg. The bark of the tree is rough, marked with lon- gitudinal fissures. This as well as the berries and leaves has a smell like Assa-foetida, when fresh. The timber, however, has a pleasant smell. The tree is commonly known under the name of Cedar in the British West India islands. The trunk is so large as to be hollowed out into canoes and pariaguas, for which purpose it is extremely well adapted ; the wood being soft, it may be cut out with great facility, and being light it will carry a great weight on the water. There are canoes in the West Indies, which have been formed out of these trunks, 40 feet long and 6 feet broad ; the wood is of a brown colour, and has a fragrant odour, whence the name of Cedar has been given to it ; it is frequently cut into shingles for covering houses, and is found very durable, but as the worms are apt to eat this wood, it is not proper for building ships, though it is often used for that purpose, as also for sheathing of ships. It is also used for wainscoting of rooms, and to make chests, because vermin do not so fre- quently breed in it as in many other sorts of wood, this having a very bitter taste, which is communicated to whatever is put into the chests, especially when the wood is fresh, for which reason it is never made into casks, because spiritous liquors will dissolve part of the resin, and thereby acquire a very bitter taste. Sweet-scented Bastard-cedar. Clt. 1 739. Tree 80 feet. 2 C. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D.C. prod. 1. p. 624.) leaflets oblong, acuminated, entire, on long footstalks. ^ . S. Native of New Spain. The wood is good for many purposes, especially for making furniture. Narrow-leaved Bastard-cedar. Tree 50 feet. 3 C. BRASILIE'NSIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 80. t. 101.) leaves abruptly-pinnate, with 1 4-20 oblong, obliquely ovate, acuminated, entire leaflets, which are smooth above but puberulous beneath ; petals clothed with white tomentum. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minus Geraes. Panicle terminal, large, pyramidal. Var. ft, australis (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaflets with the nerves and margins puberulous ; branches, petioles, and peduncles short, and densely pubescent. Brazilian Bas:ard-cedar. Tree 40 feet. 4 C. TOONA (Roxb. cor. 3. t. 238.) leaflets lanceolate, acumi- nated, entire, pale-glaucous beneath. T? . S. Native of the East Indies, where it is called Toon (Roxb.). Nipaul (Wall.). Willd. act. nat. cur. berl. 4. p. 198. Anthers inserted in 5 nectarial glands. Flowers small, white, smelling like fresh honey. Leaves deciduous. The wood of this tree is very like mahogany, but lighter and not so close in the grain. It is much used for furniture and various other purposes. The bark is powerfully astringent, and though not bitter, it has been found a good medicine in the cure of remitting and intermitting fevers, particularly when joined with a small portion of the powdered seed of Guilandlna Bonducella, which is a very powerful bitter. Toon Bastard-cedar. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1823. Tr. 60 ft. 5 C. FEBRI'FUGA (Blum, bijdr. 4th number) leaflets ovate- oblong, acuminated, quite entire. \^ . S. Native of Java. Flowers small, white. The bark is powerfully astringent, and is used in Java as a febrifuge. The wood is excellent for many purposes. Febrifuge Bastard-cedar. Tree 60 feet. 6 C. VELUTINA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 625.) leaflets ovate-lan- ceolate, entire, smooth, petioles and branches velvety from very short down. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies at Tipperah. This is perhaps the C. villosa of Roxb. hort. beng. p. 18. This tree has been cultivated a long time in Kew Gardens, under the name of Cedrela odorala. Velvety Bastard-cedar. Clt. 1793. Tree 50 feet. t Species not sufficiently known. 7 C. ALTERNIFOLIA (Steud. nom. 170.) leaves alternate, sim- ple, cordate-ovate, acute, fruit pentagonal, mucronated. Tj . S. Native of Campechy. Cedrus alternifolia, Mill. diet. no. 3. This probably belongs to a distinct genus, not belonging to the present order. Alternate-leaved Bastard-cedar. Clt. ? Tree. 8 C. ROSMARINUS (Lour. coch. p. 160.) leaves simple, li- near; peduncles 1 -flowered ; seeds not winged. fj.G. Na- tive of Cochin-china and about Macao in China. This shrub yields an essential oil, and a spirit, not inferior to that which is drawn from rosemary. It probably belongs to a distinct genus, not belonging to this order. Rosemary Bastard- cedar. Shrub 4 feet. Cult. These trees will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and large ripened cuttings will strike root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. II. SWIETE'NIA (in honour of Gerard Van Swieten, a Dutch botanist, author of several botanical works; died in J772. He was physician to the Empress Maria Theresa). Lin. gen. no. 575. D. C. prod. 1. p. 625. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Octo-Decdndria. Calyx small, 4 or 5-cleft(f. 116. a.), deciduous. Petals 4-5 (f. 116. 6.). Stamens 8 or 1 0 ; filaments joined together into a toothed tube, bearing the anthers on the inside of the tube. Style 1. Stigma capitate (f. 116. c.). Capsules prickly, egg-shaped, woody, 5-celled, many-seeded (f. 116. _/.). Valves opening from the base (f. 116. e.) or apex ; margins opposite to the angles of the pentagonal central placenta. Seeds imbricating downwards, expanded into a wing, fixed to the placenta. Albumen fleshy. Embryo straight. Cotyledons flat, leafy. (Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 89. t. 96.) — Trees with alternate, abruptly-pinnate leaves, and axillary panicles or ra- cemes of small, white flowers. 1 S. MAIIOGONI (Lin. FIG. 116. spec. "271.) leaflets usually 4 pairs, ovate- lanceolate, unequal at the base, acuminated at the apex ; panicles axil- lary, .tj . S. Native of South America, Cuba, Ja- maica, St. Domingo, but particularly Honduras Bay. Cav. diss. 7. p. 365. t. 209. Hook. bot. misc. pt. l.t. 16 and 17. — Cedrus Mahogoni, Mill. diet. no. 2. — Cat. carol. 2. t. 81. The figure given by Gartner, and that given in the Fl. mex. shew the capsule opening from the top, not from the base, therefore there are probably two species, varying in the dehis- cence of the capsule. Mahogoni is the American name of the tree. The excellence of mahogany for all domestic purposes has been long known in England, and it is a matter of surprise that for a long time the only author who mentioned this tree was Catesby. Browne informs us, that mahogany was for- merly very common in Jamaica, and while it could be had in the low lands, and brought to market at an easy rate, furnished a very considerable branch of the exports from that island, that it thrives in most soils, and varies both in grain and texture with each, that which grows among rocks being smaller, but very hard and weighty, of a close grain and beautifully shaded, while 688 CEDRELEACE^E. II. SWIETENIA. III. CiiLoaoxYLON. IV. FLINDERSIA. V. OXLEYA. the produce of the low and richer lands is observed to be more light and porous, of a paler colour and open grain. The tree grows very tall, with a straight trunk, sometimes 4 or 6 feet in diameter, and usually bears a great number of capsules. The flowers are of a whitish or saffron colour, and the fruit is about the size of a turkey's egg. The first discovery of the beauty of mahogany wood is attri- buted to the carpenter on board Sir Walter Raleigh's ship at the time that vessel lay off the harbour of Trinidad in 1595. At Honduras 200 years is considered to be necessary from the time of the plant being reared by seed to that of its perfection and fitness for cutting, which commences about the month of August ; at this time the leaves assume a yellowish hue. The Honduras mahogany is not so good as the Jamaica and St. Domingo mahogany, and is probably a distinct species. The bark of mahogany is astringent and bitter, and in its action on the human frame has been said to coincide nearly with Peru- vian bark. Common Mahogany. Clt. 1 784. Tree 80 feet. 2 S. FEBRI'FUGA (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 18. t. 17.) leaflets usually 4 pairs, oval, obtuse or emarginate, and oblique at the base ; racemes rising from the axils of the upper abortive leaves, there- fore constituting a terminal panicle. J? . S. Native of the East Indies in the mountainous parts of the Rajahmundry Circar, north of Samulcotah and Peddapore. S. S6ymida, Dune. tent. edin.1794. Valvesof fruit smooth, opening from the top. Flowers small, cream-coloured. The wood of this tree is of a dull-red colour, remarkably hard and heavy ; it is reckoned by the natives the most durable wood they know, and on that account it is used for all the wood-work in their temples ; it is also very serviceable for various other purposes. The bark is internally of a light-red colour; a decoction of it dyes brown of various shades, according as the cloth has been prepared. Its taste is a bitter and astringent united, and very strong, particularly the bitter, but is not in any way nauseous or disagreeable, and may be used in the same way as Peruvian bark. Soymida is its name among the Telingas. Febrifuge Mahogany. Clt. 1796. Tree CO feet. 3 S. SENEGALE'NSIS (Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 679.) leaflets usually 3 pairs, oval-oblong, coriaceous, bluntish ; panicle ter- minal ; flowers octandrous ; fruit globose, 4-valved. Tj . S. Native of Senegal. Flowers small, whitish. The wood of this tree is very hard, and of a beautiful grain. It is brought to this country from Sierra Leone. Senegal or African Mahogany. Tree 60 feet. 4 S. TRILOCULA'RIS (Roxb. mss. in herb. Lamb.) leaves pin- nate ; leaflets alternate, ovate, smooth, acuminated, rather un- equal at the base ; panicle terminal, composed of racemes ; capsule 3-celled, 6-valved, opening from the apex, not prickly. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies. T/ij-ee-ceWed-capsuled Mahogany Tree. Tree 100 feet. Cult. These trees will thrive well in a. mixture of loam and peat, and ripe cuttings with their leaves not shortened will strike root in sand, in a moist heat. III. CHLORO'XYLON (from x^wpoc, chloros, yellow, &W, xylon, wood; colour of wood). D. C. prod. 1. p. 625. LIN. SYST. Monadelphla, Dec&ndna. Calyx small, 5-cleft. Petals 5. Stamens 10; filaments protruding from the back of the urceolus, the rest awl-shaped, free, radiately spreading. Cap- sules opening from the top, 3-valved, 3-celled ; valves bearing a dissepiment in the middle. Seeds 4 in each cell, ending in a wing fixed to the dissepiments on the valves. — A tree with abruptly- pinnate leaves, and terminal panicles of small, whitish flowers. 1 C. SW:ETE'NIA (D. C, prod. 1. p. 625.) Tj . S. Native of the East Indies on the mountainous parts of the Circars. Swictenia chloroxyl n, Roxb. cor. 1. p. 46. t. 64. Leaves abruptly-pinnate, with many pairs of small, unequal, ovate, some- what rhomboid, obtuse leaflets. The wood of this tree is of a deep-yellow colour, remarkably close grained, heavy, and du- rable ; it is used for various purposes, and comes nearer to box- wood than any other in its native country. It is called Billoo by the Telingas. Mahogany-like Chloroxylon. Clt. 1820. Tree 50 feet. Cult. This tree will succeed in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripe cuttings, with their leaves not shortened, will strike root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. IV. FLINDE'RSIA (Captain Michael Flinders, R.N. a cele- brated circumnavigator, who explored the coast of New Holland in the beginning of the present century ; he was accompanied by Mr. R. Browne, as naturalist, whose works on the botany of New Holland are well known). R. Br. gen. rem. p. 63. t. 1. D. C. prod. 1. p. 625. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Decandria. Calyx 5-cleft, short. Petals 5. Stamens 10, protruding from the back of the urceo- lus, with their bases dilated ; filaments awl-shaped, spreading, alternate ones sterile. Capsule 5-valved, 5-celled, partible into 5 single segments, which are divided each by a longitudinal dissepiment, at length free, with 2 seeds on each side. Seeds erect, winged at the apex. Albumen absent. Cotyledons trans- verse, thick, leafy. — Trees with impari-pinnate leaves, small white flowers, and echinated capsules. 1 F. AUSTRA'LIS (R. Br. 1. c.) leaflets 1 to 3 pairs ; flowers panicled ; fruit ovate, very blunt at both ends. I? . G. Native of New Holland on the eastern coast. Leaves full of pellucid dots, as in the orange. The wood is useful for various domestic purposes, and is said not to be much inferior to mahogany. Southern Flindersia. Clt. 1823. Tree 66 feet. 2 F. AMBOINE'NSIS (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 650.) leaflets 3 or 7 pairs ; flowers almost solitary ; fruit ovate-oblong, tapering to both ends. T? . S. Native of the islands of Hitoe and Ceram. — Rumph. amb. 3. p. 201. t. 129. The trunk of the tree is used for pales. The spiny part of the fruit is formed into rasps by the natives of Amboyna ; it is therefore called Arbor raduli- fera by Rumphius. Amboyna Flindersia. Tree 60 feet. Cult. These fine trees will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings, with their leaves not shortened, will strike root in sand under a hand-glass, those of the last species in heat. V. OXLEYA (in honour of Mr. Oxley of New South Wales). Cung. mss. in Hook. bot. misc. pt. 3. p. 286. t. 54. LIN. SYST. Decandria, Monogynia ? Flowers unknown. Capsule 5-celled, dividing even to the base into 5 valves, with a dissepiment in the middle of each, at length separating from the central receptacle, with 3 seeds on each side of the dissepi- ment. Seeds fixed by their middle, edged all round and ex- tended into a wing at both ends. Albumen wanting. Radicle towards the hylum. This genus differs from Flindersia in the valves separating from the base, in having 3 seeds on each side of the dissepiment, and in the seeds being winged at both ends. 1 O. XANTHOXYLA (Cung. mss. 1. c.). Tj . G. Native of the eastern coast of New Holland. This is a tree 100 feet high, and 4 or 5 feet in diameter at the base. Leaves impari-pinnate, some- times ternate, but usually with 4-5 pairs of opposite, lanceolate, quite entire, acuminated, bluntish, coriaceous leaflets, full of minute dots, on short stalks. The wood is very yellow. It is found to be useful in various kinds of carpentering, and in building boats. Yellow-wooded Oxleya. Clt. 1829. Tree 100 feet. AMPELIDE^E. I. Cissus. 689 Cult. A mixture of loam and peat with a little sand, will suit this tree. Ripened cuttings, with their leaves not shortened, will root in sand under a hand-glass. ORDER LIII. AMPELI'DEJi (from a^nrtXoc , ampelos, a vine, and EI£OC, eidos, form ; plants like the grape-vine). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 223. D. C. prod. 1. p. 627 — Vites, Juss. gen. 267. — Sarmentaceae, Vent. tabl. 3. p. 167. — Viniferse, Juss. mem. mus. 3. p. 144. Calyx small, with an entire or toothed (f. 118. a.) margin. Petals 4-5, alternating with the teeth of the calyx, round the base of the ovary, and inserted on the outside ; they are there- fore between hypogynous and perigynous, broadest at the base, rarely connected into a lobed, monapetalous corolla (f. 118. b.), somewhat valvate and inflexed at the apex in aestivation. Sta- mens equal in number with the petals, inserted in the disk in front of the petals, sometimes sterile from abortion ; filaments free or joined at the base (f. 118. f.); anthers ovate, birimose, inserted by their back, oscillatory. Ovary globose, free. Style 1 , short or almost wanting, crowned by a simple stigma. Ber- ries globose (f. 117.), younger ones 2-celled; cells 2-seeded. Adult berries usually with the dissepiments vanished, therefore 1- celled, watery or fleshy, not separating from the epicarp. Seeds 4-5, or fewer from abortion, sometimes wanting, erect, bony, fixed to die central axis by short funicles (f. 118. c.). Albumen fleshy, hard. Embryo erect, one-half shorter than the albumen, with a terete inferior radicle, and lanceolate cotyledons, which are keeled on one side and flat on the other. This order is composed of sarmentose and climbing shrubs, with the lower leaves opposite, and the upper ones alternate, stalked, simple, lobed or compound, furnished with stipulas at the base. Peduncles racemose, thyrsoid, corymbose, cymose or umbellate, opposite the leaves ; sometimes these peduncles are changed into tendrils. Flowers small, insignificant, greenish or greenish-yellow, rarely purple. The vine is the type and representative of this order, the other genera differ but little from it in botanical character, and not at all in habit. The com- mon grape is the only species that bears really good fruit, the American kinds, with large fleshy berries, being spoiled by a dis- agreeable foxy flavour, which is not found to be removed by cultivation. Synopsis of the Genera. TRIBE I. VINI'FER.«. Corolla polypetalous. Stamens opposite the petals. Peduncles often changed into tendrils. 1 Ci'ssus. Calyx nearly entire. Petals 4. Stamens 4. Ovary 4-celled. Berry 1-4-seeded. 2 PTERISA'NTHES. Perigone leafy, lobately-winged. Calyx urceolate, entire. Petals 4. Stamens 4. Stigma sessile, blunt- ish. Ovary immersed in the disk. Berry 1-2-seeded. 3 AMPELO'PSIS. Calyx nearly entire. Petals 5. Stamens 5. Style 1 , crowned by a capitate stigma. Ovary not immersed in the disk. VOL. i. — PART viu. 4 VI'TIS. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, cohering. Stamens 5. Style wanting. Berry 2-celled, 4-seeded (f. 117.). TRIBE II. LEEA'CEJE. Corolla monopetalous (f. 118. b.). Stamens al- ternating mith the lobes of the corolla, usually monadelphous (f. H8.y.). Peduncles never changed into tendrils. 5 LEE'A. Calyx 5-toothed (f. 118. a.). Corolla 5-cleft (f. 118.6.). Urceolus of stamens 5-lobed (f. 118. /.); filaments adnate to the urceolus between the segments. Style simple (f. 118. d.). Capsule 4-6-lobed, 4-6-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. 6 LASIANTHE'RA. Calyx 5-toothed, bracteate on the outside. Corolla 5-cleft. Stamens 5, inserted in the bottom of the corolla, and alternating with its lobes ; anthers hairy. Style short. Tribe I. VINI'FERjE (from vinum, wine,/ero, to bear ; produce wine,) or SARMENTA'CEjE (from sarmentum, a twig; plants twiggy). D. C. prod. 1. p. 627. Corolla polypetalous. Stamens opposite the petals. Fruit and seeds as in the character of the order. Peduncles usually changed into tendrils. I. CI'SSUS (from icic-o-oc, kissus, ivy, said to come from the Arabic yissos, signifying ivy). Lin. gen. no. 147. D. C. prod. 1. p. 627. LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx almost entire. Petals 4, separating from each other to the base. Stamens 4. Ovary 4-celled. Berry 1-4-seeded. — Climbing plants, with simple, trifoliate or palmate leaves, and cymes or corymbs of small, greenish, yellow, or purplish flowers. * Leaves simple, cordate, entire, and sometimes rather lobed. 1 C. VITIGINEA (Lin. spec. 170.) leaves cordate, roundish, serrated, smoothish, or clothed with rusty pubescence beneath ; stipulas cordate. Tj . w. S. Native of the East Indies. — Pluk. mant. 27. t. 337. f. 4. Vahl. symb. 3. p. 18. Berries pear- shaped, 1 or 2-seeded, black, clothed with a bluish-glaucous pollen. Plant with the habit of the grape-vine. Flowers red. Var. ft, Cochinchinensis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 627.) leaves smooth, toothletted, 3-lobed ; berries roundish. J; . w. S. Native of Cochin-china. C. vitiginea, Lour, cochin. 83. Fine-like Cissus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1772. Shrub cl. 2 C. REPA'NDA (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 18.) leaves cordate, en- tire, somewhat lobed, repand, adult ones smooth on both sur- faces. Tj . w. S. Native of the East Indies. Young branches downy, adult ones smooth. Berries pear-shaped, about the size of peas, mucronate. Repand-leaved Cissus. Shrub cl. 3 C.'ADNA'TA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 423.) leaves roundish, cor- date, acuminated, bristle-toothed, smooth above, velvety beneath, as well as the round branches ; stipulas ovate-orbicular, adnate, with a gibbous centre, and scarious margins ; flowers nodding. Tj . w. S. Native of the East Indies near Dacca. C. aristata, Blum, bijdr. 4th number. Berries black, size of peas. ^dwate-stiptiled Cissus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub cl. 4 C. LATIFOLIA (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 18. exclusive of the synonyme of Lam.) leaves cordate, ovate, acuminated, bristly- serrated, smooth above, but clothed with rusty hairs beneath ; branches tetragonal; stipulas oblong. Jj . w. S. Native of the East Indies in woods. — Rumph.amb. 5. t. 164. f. 1. Berries pear-shaped. Broad-leaved Cissus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl. 5 C. GLAU'CA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 425.) leaves cordate, acu- minate, sometimes somewhat lobed, bristly-serrated, smooth on both surfaces, as well as the petioles and peduncles ; stipulas 4T 690 AMPELIDE^E. I. Cissus. broad, furrowed, blunt; cymes decompound ; berries 1-seeded. ^2 . w. S. Native of Madagascar and the East Indies.— Rheed. mal.^7. t. 11. C. latifolla, Lam. diet. 1. p. 30. but not of Vahl. C. compressa, Blum, bijdr. 4th number. Berries round, about the size of peas, purple. Glaucous Cissus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub cl. 6 C. I'NDICA (Rottl. et Willd. nov. act. nat. cur. 4. p. 183.) leaves roundish-cordate, acuminated, with bristly serratures, pubescent beneath ; branches roundish, and are, as well as the petioles clothed witli short down. ^ . w. S. Native of the East Indies. Indian Cissus. Shrub cl. 7 C. CORDIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 170.) leaves cordate, quite entire, pubescent beneath ; peduncles trifid, dichotomous. Tj . w. S. Na- tive of South America. — Plum. icon. t. 259. f. 3. Berries blue, 1-seeded. Heart-leaved Cissus. Shrub cl. 8 C. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 19.) leaves cordate, roundish, smooth, serrated ; umbels simple ; branches pruinose, with swollen joints. Jj . w. S. Native of Java. Saelanthus rotun- difolius, Forsk. descr. icon. t. 4. Berry 1-seeded, large, oblong. Round-leaved Cissus. Shrub cl. 9 C. BE' PENS (Lam. diet. 1. p. 31.) leaves cordate, ovate, somewhat toothed, and are, as well as the branches, smooth ; flowers umbellate ; stems creeping. If. . ^,. S. Native of Ma- labar.— Rheed. mal. 7. t. 48. C. cordata, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 425. Stems succulent. Berries red, 1-seeded. Stipulas oval. Flowers dull-purple. Taste of leaves very acrid. Creeping Cissus. Clt. 1821. PI. cl. 10 C. PUNCTICULOSA (Rich. act. soc. hist. nat. par. 106.) leaves broad-cordate, very blunt, with an abrupt, blunt point, and re- mote, bristle-like serratures ; branches dotted. Jj . ^ IS. Na- tive of Cayenne. DoMerf-branched Cissus. Clt. 1818. Shrub cl. 11C. TAMOIDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 342.) branches un- armed, terete, scabrous ; leaves simple, cordate, acuminate, sharply-denticulated, full of pellucid dots, scabrous ; pedicels and flowers smooth. Tj . w. S. Native of Brazil in the pro- vince of Minas Geraes. Flowers umbellate at the tops of the branches. Petals yellow. Tamus-like Cissus. Shrub sarmentose. 12 C. cvirERA (Afz. rem. guin. 69. ex Spreng. neue. entd. 3. p. 235.) leaves somewhat peltately-cordate, quite entire, smooth, spotted at the base ; shoots round, smooth. Tj . ,_,. S. Native of Sierra Leone. Berries black, pulpy, with an austere, acid taste, but are eaten by the natives. Graj.e- bearing Cissus. Shrub cl. 13 C. TILIA'CEA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec. amer. 5. p. 222.) smooth ; leaves roundish, ovate, cordate, sharply- toothed, somewhat coriaceous ; branches tetragonal ; cymes dichotomous. Tj . w. S. Native near the city of Mexico. Lime-tree-leaved Cissus. Shrub cl. 14 C. QUADRANGULA'RIS (Lin. mant. 39.) leaves cordate, kidney-shaped, serrated, smooth, fleshy ; stem tetragonal, winged. 1£ . w. G. Native from Arabia to Cochin-china. Root tuber- ous.— Rumph. amb. 5. t. 44. Saelanthus quadragonus, Forsk. descr. 33. icon. t. 2. Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 426. Berries red, 1- seeded, about the size of peas. Qaa(/rang-«/ar-stemmed Cissus. Clt. 1790. PI. cl. 15 C. COMPRESSICAU'LIS (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 64. t. 100.) leaves cordate, acutely-serrated, pubescent ; flowers um- bellate ; partial peduncles dichotomous ; stem tetragonal, com- pressed. T? . w. S. Native of Peru among rubbish near Chan- cay. Berries dark-purple. Compressed-stemmed Cissus. Shrub cl. 16 C. DI'SCOLOR (Blum, bijdr. 4th number.) leaves cordate- oblong, acuminated, discoloured, with bristly-serratures, and are, as well as the angular branches, smooth ; cymes somewhat quin- quefid, shorter than the leaves, fy . ^. S. Native of Java. Discoloured-leaved Cissus. Shrub cl. 17 C. NODOSA (Blum, bijdr. 1. c.) leaves somewhat cordate, oblong, pointed, with bristly serratures, smooth ; corymbs dicho- tomous ; pedicels umbellate ; stem round, herbaceous, knotted. 3/.w. S. Native of Java. Knottcd-stemmed Cissus. PI. cl. 18 C. JAVA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 628.) leaves somewhat cor- date, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, smooth, somewhat serrated ; serratures bristly ; branches roundish, furrowed ; peduncles tri- fid, rather corymbose. T; . w. S. Native of Java. Java Cissus. Shrub cl. 19 C. PENTAGO'NA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 426.) leaves cordate, rarely somewhat lobed, serrulated, acuminated, smooth ; branches shining, pentagonal, with roundish angles and furrowed sides. If. . w. S. Native of the East Indies in the forests of Chittagong. Pentagonal-branched Cissus. PI. cl. 20 C. SICYOIDES (Lin. spec. 170.) leaves cordate, ovate, smooth, thickish, with adpressed, bristly serratures ; branches round. Tf. . w. S. Native of Jamaica and Guadaloupe in waste places, and by the sides of walls. — Sloan, hist. 1. t. 144. f. 1 — Brown, jam. t. 2. f. 1 and 2. Lam. ill. t. 84. f. 1. Jacq. amer. 22. t. 15. pict. 16. t. 20. The berries are black and oblong, and are eaten by the natives, as well as several other of the species, but are chiefly food for birds. Choco-like Cissus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1768. PI. cl. 21 C. FULIGI'NEA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 224.) the whole plant of a rusty-black ; leaves roundish-ovate, deeply-cordate, remotely-toothletted, hairy above, and clothed with soft down beneath ; lower leaves 3-5-lobed, upper ones entire ; branches round, and are, as well as the peduncles, clothed with hairy down, t; . w. S. Native of South America on the banks of the river Magdalena. Blackish Cissus. Shrub cl. 22 C. ANTA'RCTICA (Vent, choix. t. 21.) leaves ovate, some- what cordate, loosely serrated, smoothish ; nerves glandular at the base ; petioles and branches clothed with rusty-pubescence. fy . w. G. Native of New Holland. Sims, bot. mag. 2488. C. glandulosa, Poir. suppl. 105. Vitis Kanguruh, Hortul. C. Bau- diniana, Brouss. Antarctic Cissus or Kanguruh Vine. Clt. 1790. Shrub cl. 23 C. CAPE'NSIS (Willd. spec. 1. p. 655.) leaves somewhat cordate, 5-angled, toothed, clothed with rusty down beneath ; flowers somewhat capitate. Jj . w, G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Vitis Capensis, Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 105. Cope Cissus. Clt. 1792. Shrub cl. 24 C. RUGOSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 629.) leaves cordate, trifid or quinquefid, wrinkled ; flowers racemose. fj . w. S. Native of Jamaica on the mountains. C. nov. sp. Lunan, hort. jam. 2. p. 216. Berry black, large, 4-seeded. Leaves almost like those of the common vine. Wrinkled-leaved Cissus. Shrub cl. 25 C. CANE'SCENS (Lam. ill. no. 1620.) leaves ovate, oblong, unequally-cordate at the base, toothed, clothed with short, hoary down ; branches angular ; peduncles and cymes villously-tomen- tose. Tj . w. S. Native of Peru. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 223. Hoary Cissus. Shrub cl. 26 C. UMBROSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 223.) leaves ovate, unequal-sided, obliquely-cordate, sharply-tooth- letted, hairy above, but clothed with hoary, downy pubescence beneath ; branches rather tetragonal, hairy ; peduncles and cymes smoothish. \i . W.-S. Native of South America on the shady banks of the river Madalena. AMPELIDE^E. I. Cissus. 691 Shaded Cissus. Shrub cl. * Leaves simple, not cordate, entire or toothed, sometimes lobcd. 27 C, SMILA'CINA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 224.) leaves ovate-oblong, somewhat acuminated, obliquely truncate at the base, smooth above, hairy beneath, as well as the fur- rowed branches ; cymes and peduncles smooth. I? . w. S. Na- tive of South America on the banks of the river Magdalena in shady places. C.sicyoides, Poir. diet, suppl.l.p. 104. ex H. etB. Smilax-like Cissus. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 28 C. OVA'TA (Lam. ill. no. 1619. St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 343.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, smooth, rather scabrous, with sharply-toothletted serratures ; branches unarmed, channelled, smooth ; pedicels and flowers smooth. ^7.^.8. Native of Guadaloupe, Jamaica, and Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. Irsiola, Brown, jam. t. 4. f. 1 and 2. Very like C. sicyoldes, but the leaves are ovate, not cordate. It is perhaps the C. smi- lacina of Willd. enum. 1 63. ? The berries are oblong and black, and are eaten by the natives. Flowers yellowish-green. Ovate-leaved Cissus. Clt. 1822. Shrub cl. 29 C. ELLipTicA (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnaea. 5. p. 221.) leaves elliptical-ovate or obovate, truncate at the base ; branches obscurely quadrangular. Tj . (w). S. Native of Mexico. This species differs from C. sicyoldes in the leaves neither being cor- date, nor acuminated, nor smooth beneath. Elliptical-leaved Cissus. Shrub cl. 30 C. OBSCURA(D. C. prod. 1. p. 629.) leaves ovate-lanceo- late, acuminated, smooth, with a few awn-like, pressed ser- ratures. Tj.?^. S. Native of South America ? Large pani- cles, much branched, sterile,- small ones fertile. This is perhaps the C. ovata of Rich. act. soc. hist. nat. par. p. 105. a native of Cayenne, but not of Lam. Obscure Cissus. Shrub cl. 31 C. UMBELLA'TA (Lour. fl. coch. 84.) leaves ovate, smootli, quite entire ; umbels compound ; corollas woolly inside. J? . w. S. Native of China about Canton. Calyx truncate, sur- rounding the berry, which is 1 -seeded. Umbellate-ftowered Cissus. Shrub cl. 32 C. GLANDULOSA (Gmel. syst. 256.) leaves ovate, acute, serrate-toothed, fleshy ; pedicels and calyxes glandular at the base. % . w. G. Native of Arabia. Sselanthus glandulosus, Forsk. descr. 34. Root tuberous. Stems round. Perhaps this is the same as C. glandulosa of Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 143. which is said to have hispid pedicels and calyx. G/a»//ic, opsis, resemblance ; resembling the vine in every respect). Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 159. D. C. prod. 1. p. 632. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx almost entire. Petals 5 (as in Vitis) but separating from each other from the apex to the bottom (as in Cissus). Stamens 5. Style 1 , crowned by a capitate stigma. Ovary not immersed in the disk, 2-4- seeded (Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 222.). This is an inter- mediate genus between Cissus and Vitis. * Leaves simple. 1 A. CORDA'TA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 159.) leaves cor- date, acute, toothed, somewhat 3-lobed ; nerves villous beneath ; racemes doubly bifid. Tj . w. H. Native of North America from Pennsylvania to Carolina on river sides and among hedges. Cissus ampelopsis, Pers. ench. 1. p. 142. Vitis indivisa, Willd. baumz. 538. Flowers reddish. Berries pale-red. Corrfrtte-leaved Ampelopsis. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1803. Shrub cl. 2 A. BOTRIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 633.) leaves cordate, cre- nated, 3-5-lobed, downy ; racemes subdivided. Tj . w. S. Na- tive of the eastern coast of Africa on the shores of Zanquebar. Botria Africana, Lour. coch. 154. Flowers reddish. Berries black and eatable. Grape Ampelopsis. Shrub cl. * Leaves palmate, with 3 or 5 leaflets. 3 A. HETEROPHY'LLA (Blum, bijdr. 4th number,) leaves simple or ternate, cordate, crenate-serrated, smooth ; corymbs dichoto- mous. Fj.^.S. Native of Java. Vitis Javanica, Spreng. syst. app. p. 90. Variable-leaved Ampelopsis. Shrub cl. 4 A. HEDERA'CEA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 160.) leaves palmate, with 3 and 5 leaflets, smooth on both surfaces ; leaflets stalked, oblong-acuminated, mucronately toothed ; racemes co- rymbose, dichotomous. Tj . w. H. Native of North America from Pennsylvania to Carolina on the Alleghany mountains. Hedera quinquefolia, Lin. spec. 292. Vitis quinquefolia, Lam. ill. no. 2815. Cissus hederacea, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 170. Vitis hederacea, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1182, — Corn. can. t. 100. Stems climbing and rooting. Flowers greenish-purple. Fruit small, black. This shrub is used for covering walls like ivy. The leaves turn red in autumn. Five-leaved Ivy, Virginian Creeper, or Ivy-like Ampelopsis. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1629. Shrub cl. 5 A. HIRSI/TA (Donn, hort. cant. 166.) leaves palmate, with 3 or 5 ovate, acuminated, coarsely toothed leaflets, which are pubescent on both surfaces. Tj . w. H. Native of the Alleghany mountains. Cissus hederacea, var. ft, hirsuta, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 170. Hairy Ampelopsis. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1806. Shrub cl. 6 A. CAPREOLA'TA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 188. under Vitis') leaflets 5, elliptical, acuminated, bristly-toothed, coria- ceous, pubescent beneath ; umbels axillary, 4-rayed, shorter than the leaves, fj . w. H. Native of Nipaul. Resembles A. hederacea, but is one half smaller. Flowers axillary, umbellate. Climbing Ampelopsis. Shrub cl. 7 A.? TERNA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 683.) leaves trifoliate, clothed with cinereous down beneath ; leaflets oblong-oval, mu- cronate, doubly serrated, lateral ones oblique ; stems and ten- drils downy. J? . w. S. Native of the East Indies. Vitis ternata, Roth, in Roem. and Schult. syst. 5. p. 319. Ternate-leaved Ampelopsis. Shrub cl. * Leaves pinnate or bipinnate. 8 A. PINNA'TA (Roem. et Schult. syst. 3. p. 322.) leaves pin- nate, smooth, with 5 toothed leaflets. ^ . w. S. Native ? Vitis pinnata, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 43. Branches purplish. Flowers small. Pinnate-leaved Ampelopsis. Shrub cl. 9 A. BIPINNA'TA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 160.) leaves bi- pinnate, smooth ; leaflets deeply lobed ; racemes stalked, twice bifid. ^ . H. Native of Virginia and Carolina, in shady woods on river sides. Vitis arborea, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1183. Cissus stans, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 170. — Pluk. mant. t. 412. f. 2. Stem upright. Flowers small, green. Berries globose, cream-coloured. J3ipinnate-\ea.ved Ampelopsis. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1700. Shrub 10 feet. AMPELIDE^. III. AMPELOPSIS. IV. VITIS. 695 Cult. The hardy species of this genus are well adapted for covering walls, or planting with other climbing plants over bowers or trellis-work ; they are easily increased by layers or cuttings in the autumn. The stove species are not worth grow- ing, except in general collections ; cuttings of these will strike root readily in a pot of sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. IV. VI'TIS (from the Celtic word gmd, which signifies a tree or shrub, that is to say, the best of trees ; in Spanish it is called vid ; in French vigne ; in English vine. Wine comes from the Celtic word gmin). Lin. gen. no. 284. D. C. prod. 1. p. 633. LIN. SYST. Penldndna, Monogynia. Calyx usually 5-toothed. Petals 5, cohering at the top, with a likeness to a calyptra, separating at the base, and deciduous. Stamens 5. Style none. Berry 2-celled, 4-seeded ; cells and seeds often abortive. Climb- ing shrubs, with simple, lobed, cut or toothed, rarely compound leaves, and thyrsoid racemes of small, greenish-yellow flowers. The grape-vine belongs to this genus. -f- Hermaphrodite species, natives of the old world. * Leaves entire, toothed, or lobed, seldom jagged. 1 V. VINIFERA (Lin. spec. 293.) FIG. 1 1 7. leaves lobed, sinuately toothed, naked, or downy. Tj . w. H. Native,indigenous, in the southern parts of Asia, but now cultivated every where. — Blackw. herb. t. 154. There are varieties with the leaves more or less lobed, smooth, pubescent, or downy, flat or curl- ed, pale or deep-green. Branches prostrate, climbing, or erect, ten- der or firm. Racemes loose or crowded, ovate, or cylindrical. Berries red, black, pale-white, or green, watery or fleshy, sweet, musky, or sour. Seeds variable in number, often without. See the great number of varieties enumerated by Duhamel in abr. fr. 2. t. 16. Rox. Clem. var. vid. 1 vol. 8vo. madrid 1807. Chapt. vign. 2 vol. 8vo. Paris 1801. Roam, et Schult. syst. 5. p. 300. See also the catalogue of the Luxemburg Garden at Paris, which includes 1400 varieties, gathered from various fruit catalogues. There are about 600 varieties in the gardens about Geneva. The vine attains a great age in warm climates. Pliny speaks of a vine which had existed 600 years, and Bosc says that there are vines in Burgundy 400 years old. In Italy there are vine- yards which have been in a flourishing state upwards of 300 years, and Miller says that a vineyard 100 years old is reckoned young. The extent of the branches of a vine in certain situa- tions is commensurate with its produce and age. In the hedges of Italy they are found overtopping the highest trees, and in England one plant trained against a row of houses in North- allerton covered a space of 137 square yards, then about 100 years old, in the year 1785. There is one at Hampton Court nearly the same age, occupying 116 square yards. The vine sometimes attains a girth of 4 feet in circumference, and will afford planks 15 inches broad. The timber is of great durability. The vine is generally considered of Persian origin, and Dr. Sickler has given a curious account of its mi- gration to Egypt, Greece, and Sicily. From Sicily it is sup- posed to have found its way to Italy, Spain, and France, and in the latter country it is believed to have been cultivated in the time of Antoninus. In the old world the culture of the vine forms a branch of rural economy from the 21st to 51st degree of north latitude, or from Schiraz in Persia to Coblentz on the Rhine. Some vineyards are even to be found near Dresden and in Moravia, and by means of garden- culture it is made to produce fruit for the table still farther north, being grown to a considerable degree of perfection in the hothouses of St. Pe- tersburgh and Stockholm. The vine is supposed to have been introduced to Britain by the first Roman governors, though from Tacitus it appears to have been wanting in Agricola's time. There is evidence, however, to prove that vineyards were planted here in the year 280 A. D. and Bede, writing in 731, says there are vineyards growing in several places. Harte observes that the religious fraternities of the dark ages spread out from Italy in all directions, carrying with them the knowledge of agriculture and gardening, and from the celebrated nursery of the wealthy fathers of the Chartreuse of France, which contained 24 acres, all sorts of fruit-trees were sold and distributed in Europe and in Asia and Africa, during several centuries pre- vious to the French Revolution, and there is little doubt, Pro- fessor Martyn observes, that orchards and vineyards were com- mon appendages to abbeys and monasteries from their first establishment to the time of the Reformation. From this period they have disappeared in part, perhaps from the culture of the vine being little understood by those to whom the lands of religious houses were sold or granted ; and in part because a better article could be introduced from our French provinces in the time of the Henries, and continued to be imported when we lost these. In modern times vineyards have been planted and wine produced nearly, if not entirely eqxial to that of France. It is stated in the Museum Rusticum, that at Arundel Castle in Sussex the Duke of Norfolk had a vineyard, of which there were in his Grace's cellar in 1763, about 60 pipes of excellent Burgundy. In Miller's time the hon. Charles Hamilton of Pains- hill had a vineyard which succeeded for many years and produced excellent champaigne. There are also accounts of several other individuals who have succeeded in the culture of vineyards. There can be no hesitation therefore in agreeing with these authors, and with Miller, Martyn, and Speechley, that vineyards would succeed in various parts of England, and particularly of Ireland, and produce wine equal to much of that imported from France. Whether this branch of rural economy would be profitable is doubtful to say. It may, however, afford much satisfaction to individuals in favourable situations to form vineyards and drink their own wine. Grapes appear to have been in demand for the table as early as the 16th century, for Tusser includes " grapes white and red" in his list of fruits published about the year 1560, but as far as appears the vine has only been cultivated as dwarf stan- dards, or trained against walls or buildings till the beginning of the 18th century. Stoves for preserving curious exotics had been introduced soon after the middle of the 1 7th century, but no mention is to be found of artificial heat to the vine till 1718, when Laurence informs us in his Fruit Garden, published that year, that the Duke of Rutland at Belvoir Castle, has done so much justice to the vine, as to have fires constantly burning be- hind his sloped walls from Lady-day to Michaelmas, whereby lie is rewarded with the largest grapes and even the best Frontignacs in July. These sloped walls were afterwards covered with glass as we are informed. Switzer (Pract. fruit gard. 2d ed. 1763.) appears to be the first author who gives a regular plan of a vinery, with directions for forcing the grape. He advises making fires as early as the middle of December, so as to make vines push by the middle of January. However, since his time the art of forcing has made such rapid progress, that no kitchen- garden worth notice is now without them ; the fruit is produced in some vineries during every month of the year ; and in the 096 AMPELIDEJE. IV. VITIS. London market is to be had in the highest degree of perfection from March to January. Vines are grown at the same time on walls, unaided by fire-heat, and in favorable seasons the more hardy sorts attain a tolerable degree of maturity, but they are of little value compared with those grown in vineries and hot- houses. The uses of the grape in Britain are well known, in the dessert it ranks next to the pine-apple, and is by some pre- ferred to it. The leaves form an excellent garnish to other table-fruits. Wine is sometimes made in England by expressing and fermenting the juice, either alone or with that of other fruits ; and it has even been made from a decoction of the leaves, as well as from a decoction of the young shoots. In warmer climates it is not only used in the dessert, but eaten with bread, either newly gathered or dried as raisins; and in these countries from the fermented juice a wine is made supe- rior to all others for stimulating the stomach and exhilarating the spirits. The medical products of the vine are verjuice, used as the juice of lemons; tartar, a gentle cathartic ; vinegar, used as a condiment ; for extracting the virtues of other medi- cines ; for counteracting the effects of vegetable poisons. Even wine itself is given as a medicine in typhus fevers, in nervous disorders, in putrid sore-throat, and even in the plague. Martyn says wine is the most grateful and efficacious cordial that can be furnished from the whole class of aromatics. The varieties of the vine are exceedingly numerous, partly from its antiquity, it having, as Professor Martyn remarks, been cultivated since the time of Noah, and partly from the influence-of the soils and climates in changing the qualities of grapes, there being hardly two vineyards in France or Italy where the sorts, though originally the same, remain long precisely alike, but chiefly, as far as respects this country, from the facility with which new Boris are produced from seed. Parkinson, in 1627, enumerates 23 varieties. Ray, in 1688, enumerates 12 sorts as then much in request. Rea, in 1 702, adds 5 sorts to Ray's list. Switzer, in 1717, says, " It is to Lord Capel and Sir William Temple that we are owing that collection of good grapes now so plenty in England ; the latter," he says, " brought over the Chasselas, Parsley and Frontignac ; and also the Am- boyna, Burgundy, Black Muscat, and Grisly Frontignac ; all highly approved varieties. The most valuable additions to the varieties have been procured by sowing the seeds of sorts ripened in this country. Many varieties have been sent from Spain, France, and Italy, so that the list of some British nurserymen exceed 250 names. No successful attempt has been made to class the numerous varieties of the vine either in France or England, as Duhamel did those of other fruits. M. Bosc was employed to compare and class those collected at the Luxem- burg, but in 1809 he had only succeeded in figuring and de- scribing 50 distinct sorts. In the catalogue published of the Luxemburg collection by Hervey in 1 802, the arrangement is, 1st, vines with black oval fruits 37 sorts; 2nd, black round fruits 98 sorts ; 3rd, white oval fruits 44 sorts ; 4th, white round fruits 73 sorts ; 5th, grey or violet oval fruits 5 sorts ; and 6th, grey or violet round fruits 10 sorts, making 267 in all. A list of British grapes cultivated in nurseries, arranged according to the colour and shape of their berries. * Grapes with round black berries. 1 Early Black or July Grape. Morillon now hatif, or Raisin de la Madaleine (Fr.). An old variety from France, principally esteemed for being early ripe, berries small. — Lang. P. t. 47. I. o. 2 Black Muscadine or Black Frankindale. Muscat noir (Fr.). An approved variety, common on dwelling-houses about London. It is a good bearer ; the leaves change to a fine scarlet and yellow colour in autumn. — Lang. p. t. 36. Excellent for a vinery. 3 Black Grape from Tripoli. This is a free growing kind. The berries are nearly all of a size, and are slightly undulated, some are without seeds, but when they are present small, com- pared to any other kind ; they do not possess that fine, rich bloom that the Black Damascus does. It is, however, a month earlier, and is an excellent, tender, rich grape. 4 Black Damascus or Worksop Manor Grape. A large, ex- cellent, late grape, full of rich, vinous juice, but is not a good bearer. Imported from Damascus by Edward the ninth duke of Norfolk. 5 Black Lisbon, Black Spanish or Alicant, Black Portugal, Black Valentia or Black Prince. A large, juicy berried va- riety, received from Portugal. 6 Black or Purple Frontignac, or Purple Constantia. Muscat noir de Frontignac (Fr.). A large, mealy, rich, and vinous- berried variety, which is much esteemed. It must be kept a long time before it becomes black, and then its rich flavour is gone. Lang. p. t. 38. Excellent for a vinery. 7 Blue or Violet Frontignac. Noir Precoce (Fr.). This is the true old Frontignac. No grape will stand early forcing bet- ter. The bunches are small, and separate easily. 8 Black Smeet-nater. A small-berried variety, apt to crack, and not much in repute on that account. It is an improper kind for a Pine stove. Lang. p. t. 51. 9 Black Morocco. Le cceur raisin d'Afrique, Raisin de Maroc (Fr.). Berries tawny-coloured, of a high musky flavour. It is not worth growing unless in large collections. The bunches are short and stinted. 10 Claret. Clarette rose (Fr.). Wine from white berries may be coloured with the leaves of this sort. The berries are small and black, and the juice of a blood- colour and harsh tasted. The leaves are beautifully veined in autumn. Lang. p. t. 47. 11 Black Prince. The bunch and berries are large. It well deserves a place in a vinery, and ripens well on the open wall. — Hook. p. 45. 1 2 Turner's Hardy, Black Esper, and Hardy Blue. A very prolific, hardy grape. Aiton considers it one of the best we have for a wall. — Hort. trans. 3. 93. 13 Black Corinth, Zante, Ascalon Currant. Berries small and sweet, generally without seeds, and is the sort which pro- duces the dried corinths or currants of the shops. From Ascalon in Palestine.— Lang. p. 46. * * Grapes with long black berries. 14 Black Muscadel. An old variety from France. The berries are large, and have a pleasant taste. It is a shewy, good grape, and forms a handsome contrast, grafted on the white mus- cat of Alexandria, their habits of growth being in unison. 15 Black Hamburg or Warner's Grape. An old variety. The berries are large, pleasant, and vinous. It is one of the best grapes we have, and a plentiful bearer. Excellent for a vinery. 16 Purple Hamburgh. Muscat violet (Fr.). The berries are large, pleasant, and vinous, of a very dark colour. It is a good bearer. 17 Small Black Cluster, Auvernat, or Black Burgundy. An old variety, originally from Burgundy, with hoary leaves. It is a good wall fruit. The berries are small and pleasant. — Lang. p. t. 41. 1 8 Miller's Burgundy, Miller's Cluster, Meunier Grape, or Miller's Grape. This variety was originated from seed by Miller about 1720. It is a hardy grape, and was used for making wine at Painshill vineyard in 1750. The berries are middle- sized and pleasant. 1 9 Large Black Cluster. This variety was sent to Speechly from Portugal in 1 740. The berries are middle-sized, rough, and harsh. — Lang. p. t. 42. AMPELIDE.E. IV. VITIS. 697 20 Black Raisin. Augibert noir (Fr.). This variety came from Languedoc. The berries are large and thick skinned. The same as the black Muscadel. Excellent for a late crop in a vinery. 21 Black or West's St. Peter's, or Slack Lombardy, Black Palestine. The berries are large and juicy. It is an approved late grape. Excellent for a late crop in a vinery, only requiring more heat than other varieties. 22 Black Cornichon. Cornichon noir, Dedos de Dumas (Fr.). Pitzotella (Port.). A curious finger-shaped fruit. It is a worthless grape. 23 Damson Grape. The succulent character of the leaves'of this variety is very remarkable. This grape, even when well ripened, has an austere medlar-like flavour, which to some palates may be agreeable. * * * Grapes with round, white, or green berries. 24 Royal Muscadine, or White Portugal, Amber Muscadine, Chasselas blanc, D'Arboyce (Fr.). This variety is said to have been introduced by Sir \V. Temple in 1 660. The bunch is large, the berries are middle-sized, rich, and vinous. It is one of the best hardy grapes, and an excellent bearer, but is not so good in flavour as the white Muscadine. 25 Malmsey Muscadine or Parsley-leaned. Malvoisie musque Ciotat, Raisin d'Austriche (Fr.). V itis lacinibsa, species no. 2. p. 709. It is an old variety from France. The clusters are large, the berries middle-sized, rich, and musky. It is a good bearer, with fine leaves and fine fruit. Hort. trans. 4. t. 1 . 26 Common White Muscadine, or Chasselas, or Early White Teneriffe Grape, Amber Muscadine, Chasselas musquee(Fr.). This variety was introduced by Sir W. Temple in 16CO. Both bunch and berries are middle-sized and sugary. It is the best grape we have for a wall, and a great bearer. Not good for early forcing. — Lang. p. t. 35. 27 White Frontignac or White Constantia. Muscat blanc (Fr.). The bunch is large, with exquisite berries. It is a much esteemed hot-house and vinery grape. — Lang. p. t. 37. 28 White Sweet-water or Pearl-drop. Pareyl druyf (Dutch). This is a favourite Dutch grape. The clusters are middle-sized, and the berries are large and sugary. Esteemed an excellent grape. — Lang. p. t. 50. The kind called Stillnard's Sweet- mater is better than the old Dutch kind, as the bunches and berries are both larger. It is an improper kind for a pine stove, as its berries crack in a high humid atmosphere. 29 White Corinth, White Ascalon, Yellow Stoneless, or Sultana raisin. Corinthe blanc (Fr.). This variety is from Ascalon in Palestine. The berries are small, often without seeds, with a fine flesh, and an agreeable flavour. It is subject to decom- position immediately after maturity. — Duh. monc. fr. p. 273. t. 7. 30 Pitmaston new white cluster. Raised by Williams of Pitr maston from seeds of the black cluster. The bunches are crowded, and berries middle-sized. It is very hardy, and a great bearer. — Hort. trans. 3. p. 249. t. 8. 31 Pitmaston Mignon white cluster. Originated at Pitmas- ton, described in Hort. trans. The bunch is close, the berries small, juicy, and sweet. It is very hardy, and a great bearer. 32 Scotch white cluster. This variety was raised from seed by a blacksmith at Edinburgh about 1812. The bunch is mid- dle-sized and close, the berries are small, juicy, and sweet. It is a very hardy kind, and a great bearer. 33 Scarlet-leaved black cluster. Originated from seed by Williams of Pitmaston in 1816. The bunch is small, as well as the berries, which are sugary. A hardy grape, remarkable for the beauty of its leaves in autumn. 34 Kismush Grape. Bunches small and well shouldered ; berries small, sweet, and juicy, of a pleasant flavour, free from seeds. — Hort. trans. 4. t. 4. VOL. I. PART VIII. * * * * Grapes with long, white, or green berries. 35 White Muscat of Alexandria, Alexandria Frontignac, Muscat d'Alexandrie or Passe longue musquee (Fr.), some- times called White Tokay in the northern counties. Bunch large, as well as berries, which are vinous, musky, and rich. It is one of the richest grapes we have, and particularly well adapted for vineries. — Duh. monc. fr. p. 270. t.5. 36 Tottenham Park Muscat Grape. (Hort. trans, vol. 6. p. 123). This variety was obtained from seeds of the Muscat of Alexandria by Mr. Henry Burn, for which he received the silver medal of the Horticultural Society. It is a free grower, abun- dant bearer, and its produce both in size of bunch and berry is equal to the old Muscat, but of superior flavour. 37 White Muscat of Lunel. Bunch middle-sized. Berries large, rich, and vinous, a good bearer, and highly esteemed grape. 38 White Morillon or Genuine Tokay. The berries are large and juicy. A good grape ; the bunches are much larger than that of blue Tokay. It is an abundant bearer, and of very rich flavour ; it has a thin, delicate skin, which renders it a bad pack- ing grape, which is the only fault it has. Leaves downy un- derneath. 39 Golden Galician. Berries large, and of tolerable flavour. 40 White Raisin, or White Hamburgh or Portugal. The ber- ries are large, with a thick skin and firm flesh. — Lang. p. t. 43. 41 White Syrian. Bunch very large. Berries very large, with a thick skin and firm flesh. It is a good bearer, and the largest of all both for bunches and berries. For a late grape no moderate collection should be without it. 42 White Cornichon. Cornichon blanc, Doigt de Donzelle, Zeta de Voca (Fr.). A curious pudding-shaped like berry, but not otherwise remarkable. — Duh. monc. fr. p. 271. t. 6. 43 Ferdelho. Bunch small. Berries small, with a rich sac- charine flavour. A hardy fruit, and fit for a common wall, but the stones eaten with the fruit prove deleterious. This is the kind from which Madeira wine is made. — Hort. trans. 1. p. 260. 44 Amiens or Leon Native. A very hardy grape, and ripens at Amiens in July. 45 Greek Grape. This is a good grape, but it does not keep many days after maturity. It is called in Durham and Northum- berland Green chee. 46 Cat's Grape. A more worthless grape cannot be ima- gined. 47 White Grape from Alcobaca. It is much like the white Lombardy. * * * * Grapes with red, rose-coloured, blue, greyish, or striped berries. 48 Red Muscat of Alexandria. Muscat rouge (Fr.). This resembles the white Muscat except in colour. Bunch large and long. Berries rich, musky, and vinous. A rich hot-house grape like the white Muscat of Alexandria. Excellent for a vinery. — Duh. monc. fr. p. 268. t. 4. 49 Red Muscadel. Bunch large. Berries large, with a plea- sant juice. It is a shewy, good fruit, but does not keep well. The flavour is rather better than that of red Syracuse. 50 Red Frontignac. Muscat rouge de Frontignac (Fr.). Bunch middle-sized. Berries large, oval, and brick-coloured. It is an excellent keeping fruit, but not so good as the following kind. Excellent for a vinery. 51 Grizzly Frontignac. Muscat gris (Fr.). Bunch small. Berries round, brownish, red, and yellow-coloured, with an ex- cellent flavour, and keeps well. Excellent for a vinery. 52 Red Hamburgh, or Hampton Court Fine, or Gibraltar. Originated by Warner of Rotherhithe about 1 730. Bunch large, 4V 698 AMPELIDE^E. IV. VITIS. Berries large, globose, thin-skinned, rich, and vinous. Reckoned the best of the Hamburgh grapes. 53 Giles's Seedling Hamburgh. A new variety raised from Warner's Hamburgh. The leaves are elegant, both as to form and colour. 54 Red Parsley-leaved Muscadine, Ciotat rouge (Fr.). Ber- ries middle-sized, red. 55 Aleppo, Striped Aleppo, or Party-coloured Grape. Ber- ries middle-sized, with juicy flesh, of a very fine flavour. It is a curious grape, the berries frequently striped with black and white. The berries are liable to decomposition soon after ma- turity. 56 Red Syracuse. Bunch large. Berries large and oval, with a thick skin. A coarse fruit as to flavour, but very shewy and durable. It is a very vigorous kind. 57 Blue Tokay. Malvoisie (Fr.). Berries small and vinous, powdered with a blue bloom ; the bunches about the size of those of the black cluster. It is not good if kept after maturity. It is a free bearer. 58 Red Smyrna. A very good grape, with a fine flavour. 59 Brick Grape, Lombardy, Flesh-coloured Tokay, or Red Rhenish. Berries small, sweet, of a brick-colour, but very infe- rior in flavour to the other Tokay kinds. The brick grape is probably a distinct variety. Lang. p. t. 39. 60 Red Chasselas or Red Muscadine coral. Chasselas rouge (Fr.). Berries red, small, and round. 61 Nerv Muscat of Jerusalem. Originated by Miller about 1738. Bunch large. Berries very large, highly musky, vinous, and rich. Forsyth has seen the berries of this as large as a gooseberry. 62 Variegated Chasselas. This variety was originated from the Aleppo and Muscadine by Knight about 1811. Beautifully variegated berries and leaves. — Hort. trans. 1. p. 258. t. 15. 63 Chasselas Panache or Striped Muscadine. Chasselas dare's or Bar sur Aube blanc (Fr.). This is a French ornamental grape, variegated both in the leaves and fruit. 64 Elford's Seedling. Is a tolerable grape. The most elaborate descriptions of the varieties of the vine which have yet appeared are contained in a Spanish work by Don de Roxas Clemente, Librarian to the botanical garden of Madrid, which we shall give an outline of, more that it may assist some individual in the classification of English grapes, than for the description of the varieties he gives. Spanish varieties of the vine grape, extracted from Ensayo sobre las variedades de la vid comun que vegetan en Andalucia, con un Indice etimologico y tres list as de plantas en que se carac- terizan varias especias nuevas, by Don de Roxas Clemente y Rubio, Librarian to the royal botanic garden of Madrid. 8vo. Madrid. 1807. Sect. 1. Leaves tomentose. Tribe 1. Forenses. Listanes (Span.). Branches prostrate, long, and tender. Leaves palmate, with the recesses cordate or subcordate. Berries round, firm, sneet, and early. 1 uberrima ; branches smooth ; recesses of leaves cordate ; racemes numerous ; berries crowded, white, with a thin skin. Listan, comun. p. 131. f. 5.— 2 hyacmthina ; berries of a hya- cinth-red. Listan Morado, p. 136.— 3 Antiliana ; branches to- mentose at the base ; racemes very few ; berries crowded, yel- lowish. Listan Landrenado, p. 136. — 4:Ligeri; recesses of leaves subcordate ; peduncles slender ; berries much crowded, middle- sized, white. Colgadera, p. 137. — 5 Fuenteduennce ; recesses of leaves subcordate ; peduncles hard ; berries very much crowded, middle-sized, white, with thickish skin. De Fuenteduenna, p. 138. — 6 Capani; berries very black. Tempranillo, p. 138. Tribe 2. Fissiles. Palominos (Span.). Branches prostrate, long, and tender. Leaves palmate, with cordate recesses. Ber- ries black, soft, and sweetish. 7 fissiles; berries rather pellucid. Polomino, comun. p. 140. — 8 Venatorum; berries very pellucid. Polomino bravio, p. 140. Tribe 3. Pensiles. Mantuos (Span.). Branches firm, white, with long internodes. Leaves lobed or palmate. Berries firm and sapid. 9 f allay: ; leaves yellowish ; berries roundish, of a deep green. Mantuo Castellano, p. 141. — 10 sylvatica ; branches slender; leaves deep-green, lower ones very large ; berries green, late. Mantuo bravio, p. 143. — 11 rubella; berries red. Mantuo morado, p. 143. — 12 pensilis ; leaves greenish-yellow; berries large, very round, and very late. Mantuo de Pillas, p. 144. — 13 confertissima ; leaves very downy, yellowish-green; berries crowded, yellowish, late, with conspicuous veins. Mantuo Lae- ren, p. 145. — 14 pellucida ; leaves yellowish-green; berries large, yellow, pellucid, with very conspicuous veins. Cordovi, p. 145. — 15 Merleti; leaves yellowish-green; berries round, green, late, never abortive. Fray Cusano de Miraflores, p. 146. — 1 6 issophylla ; leaves deep -green ; racemes cylindrical ; ber- ries much crowded, round, and yellow. Torrontes, p. 146. Tribe 4. Duracince. Jaenes (Span.). Branches rather erect, brittle. Peduncles moody. Berries crowded, firm, nith very thick skin. 17 Stephani ; berries blackish. Jaen negro de Sevilla, p. 147 — 18 Crescencii; berries very black. Jaen negro de Gre- nada, p. 148. — 19 Varronis ; berries white. Jaen bianco, p. 149. Tribe 5. Helvola?, Mollares (Span.). Branches tender. Leaves large, rcundish, nearly entire, or a little toothed, soft. Berries large, round, very soft, and sapid. 20 mollis ; berries black, sapid. Mollar negro, p. 151 21 versicolor ; berries party-coloured. Mollar cano, p. 153. — 22 Duhameli; berries black, rather acid. Mollar negro bravio p. 153. Tribe 6. Dapsiles. Albillos (Span.). Branches prostrate, long, tender. Leaves small, dark-green. Raoemes rather cylin- drical. Berries cronded, soft. 23 racemosissima ; peduncles woody ; berries much crowded, obovate, green, and very juicy. Albillo castellano, p. 154. — 24 succosa; berries black. Albillo negro, p. 155 =-25 Lalennce ; peduncles tender; berries crowded, green. De Lalenna, p. 556. - — 26 Beguilleti ; racemes small ; berries much crowded, green, and juicy. De Beguillet, p. 156. — 27 Heppe ; leaves tomentose ; racemes middle-sized ; berries much crowded, roundish, pale greenish-yellow, with conspicuous veins. Albillo pardo, p. 157. — 28 Herrerae ; racemes large ; berries much crowded, round- ish, pale greenish-yellow. Albillo de Huelba, p. 157. •)• Singular varieties of the same tribe. 29 valida ; branches firm ; leaves large, tomentose ; berries round, much crowded, green, soft. Albillo loco, p. 158. — 30 Lienneberi ; branches brittle ; leaves middle-sized, tomen- tose ; berries crowded, middle-sized, rather oblong, white, and soft. Albillo de Granada, p. 159. — 31 acerba ; branches firm; leaves large, tomentose ; berries much crowded, roundish, green, and acid. Verdaguilla, p. 160. — 32 Milleri ; branches firm; leaves deep-green ; berries oblong, green, soft, austere. Verdal, AMPELIDE^E. IV. Vtus. 699 p. 161. — 33 impatiens ; branches erectish ; leaves large, green ; berries much crowded, obovate, green, very juicy, with conspi- cuous veins. Abejera, p. 162. — 34 lacrymbsa ; leaves palmate, greenish-yellow ; racemes small ; berries much crowded, rather oblong, green, and very juicy. Lorona, p. 163. — 35 anomala ; tendrils opposite. Gallega, p. 163. — 36 mollissima; branches spotted with black at the base ; leaves nearly entire, when the fruit is mature they change to a red ; berries black, middle-sized, very juicy, and very crowded. Mollor de Cadiz, p. 164. — 37 dul- cissima ; branches erect ; leaves middle-sized, greenish-yellow ; berries middle-sized, very round, white, and juicy. Malvasia, p. 165 — 38 Ximenezioldes ; branches brittle; leaves palmate, greenish-yellow ; berries few, middle-sized, rather oblong, white, soft, and very sweet. Ximenez Zumbon, p. 166. — 39 Liebdulti; branches erect, reddish-brown, brittle ; berries small, round, black. Tintilla,p. 167. — 40 maculata; branches brittle ; leaves palmate ; berries middle-sized, round, black, and very soft. Tinto, p. 169. — 41 Bretonneria ; branches brittle ; leaves middle-sized, palmate ; berries middle-sized, round, black, rather soft, of an austere- sweetish taste, and with a thick skin. Rome, p. 170. — 42 diver- sifolia ; branches tender ; leaves palmate, and nearly entire ; racemes small; berries much crowded, small, round, black. Garabatona, p. 171. — 43 Valcarcelia; branches short, tender; leaves middle-sized, palmate ; berries few, small, round, black, soft, very sweet, and late. Morrastell, p. 172. — 44 Firgiliana ; leaves greenish-yellow ; racemes small ; berries obovate, black, and very soft. Virgiliana, p. 173. — 45 bulldta; branches ten- der ; leaves large, blistered ; berries crowded, large, roundish, white. Beva, p. 174. — 46 Galana; leaves large ; berries rather crowded, middle-sized, roundish, white, and firm. Galana, p. 175. — 47 Dussieux ; branches tender; berries middle-sized, white, firm, very sapid, with a thin skin. Montuo Castellano, p. 175. — 48picta; branches tender ; leaves large; berries crowded, middle-sized, obovate, hard, and very fleshy. Pecho de Perdiz, p. 176. — 49 bipartlla ; branches tender ; leaves middle-sized, greenish-yellow ; berries few, middle-sized, rather oblong, white, rather firm, very sapid, and late, with a thin skin. Zu- rumi, p. 177 — 50 Columellae ; branches long, tender; leaves obscurely green ; racemes large ; berries rather crowded, large, roundish, white, and firm. De Columela, p. 178. — 51 prolifera; branches thick; leaves acutely-sinuated, toothed; racemes small ; berries crowded, round, white, and soft. Sepa canasta, p. 179. — 52 Colonia ; berries few, large, roundish, white, soft, sub- acid, early. Colona, p. 179. — 53 rotundifblia ; leaves somewhat orbicular, nearly entire, soft, greenish-yellow ; racemes small ; berries obovate, very soft. Fray Cusana de Mayna, p. 180. — 54 subcompressa ; branches tender, compressed at the base ; leaves large, cordately-sinuated, greenish-yellow ; racemes small ; berries very round, white, soft, and very sweet. Cien- fuentes, p. 181 — 55 aurdntia; branches very brittle ; berries middle-sized, much crowded, rather obovate, firm, austere, yel- low. Doradilla, p. 181. — 56 canina ; branches brittle; leaves middle-sized, greenish-yellow ; berries much crowded, middle- sized, round, yellow, firm, and austere. Montuo Perruno, p. 183. — 57 pauperrima ; branches brittle, spotted at the base, with short internodes ; leaves small, acuminately-toothed, yellow j berries, few, middle-sized, round, white, firm, fleshy, and sweet. Listan de Paxarete, p. 184. — 58 frdgilis; branches erect, shin- ing, firm ; leaves acutely-sinuated, greenish-yellow ; racemes long ; peduncles very brittle ; berries very few, unequal, round, yellow, fleshy, austere, late. Heben, p. 184. — 59 macrophy lla ; leaves large, with the tomentum deciduous ; berries few, fleshy, yellow, austere. Rabo de Baca, p. 185. — 60 ignobilis ; branches tender ; leaves large, tomentose or pilose ; berries round, dirty- yellow, firm, austere. Rebazo, p. 186. Sect. 2. Leaves pilose or nearly smooth. Tribe 7. Ximenecice. Ximenecias (Span.). Branches erect and horizontal. Leaves acutely-sinuated, greenish-yellow, rather pilose. Berries rather crowded, middle-sized, mhite. 61 Forsythii ; branches horizontal. Ximenez loco, p. 183. — 62 Ximenecia ; branches erect. Ximenez, p. 188. Tribe 8. Flaventes. Perrunos (Span.). Branches firm and brittle. Leaves yellowish. Berries crowded, middle-sized, roundish. 63 jldva : branches very brittle ; peduncles brittle ; berries firm, yellow. Perruno comun. p. 192. — Q^Rozieri; branches very brittle ; peduncles brittle ; berries firm, black. Perruno negro, p. 193. — 65 Quintlnea; branches brittle ; peduncles firm ; berries black, rather firm. Quintinea, p. 194. — 66 Bernala ; branches brittle ; berries black, soft. Bernala, p. 194. — 67 fir- missima ; branches firm ; leaves very hairy ; berries white, firm. Perruno duro, p. 1 95. f. 3. Tribe 9. Prostratce. Vigiriegos (Span.). Branches pros- trate, very tender. Leaves yellowish. Berries large, soft. 68 prostrata ; berries roundish, greenish-white. Vigiriega comun, p. 196. — &&Catonis; berries black. Vigiriega negra, p. 197 — 70 Bideti ; berries oblong, greenish-white. De Bidet, p. 197. Tribe 10. Oxicdrpce. Agraceras (Span.). Leaves deep- green. Berries middle-sized, round, and large oblong, rather acid. 7 1 albicans ; branches white, firm ; racemes middle-sized ; berries middle-sized, black, late. Blanquecina, p. 198 72 Sdti; branches white, firm ; racemes oblongish, large ; berries middle- sized, black, late. De Soto, p. 198. — TSvittata; berries black or greyish-black. Melonera, p. 199.- — T&florentma; peduncles very tender ; berries large, black. Agracera, p. 200. — 75 Lan- gleya ; peduncles black, very flexile ; berries large, black. Lan- gleya, p. 201. Tribe 11. Pergulance. Ferrares (Span.). Branches prostrate. Leaves greenish-yellow. Berries rather crowded, round, firm, and sapid. 76 autumnalis ; branches tender ; berries large, blackish. Ferrar comun. p. 202. — Tlspeciosa; branches tender ; berries large, white. Ferrar bianco, p. 202. — 78 Jonesia ; branches firm ; berries large, blackish. Jetubi loco. p. 203. — 79 exqui- slta; berries middle- sized, obtuse, black. Coiona negra, p. 204. — 80 saccharata ; berries middle-sized, umbilicate, black. Zu- cari, p. 204. — 81 meltita ; berries large, yellow. Melcecha, p. 206. Tribe 12. Bumdsti. Tetas de vaca (Span.). Berries large, ovately-conical. 82 sulcata; berries umbilicate, rather furrowed, red. Leonada, p. 207. f. 10, 11. 22. — 83 exsucca; leaves rather pilose; berries black. Corazon de Cabrito, p. 209. — 84 Martinecii; berries rather yellow. Martinecia, p. 210. — 85 longissima; berries tapering to both ends, white. Santa Paula de Granada, p. 211. — 86 macrobotrys ; leaves pilose, rather tomentose ; berries black. Caco de Tinaja, p. 213. Tribe 13. Oleaginece, Cabrieles (Span.). Leaves deep-green. Berries middle-sized and large, oblong, firm, austere, or very sapid. 87 rubra ; branches whitish, striped longitudinally with red, tender; berries black, middle-sized, and large. Gabriel, p. 214. — • 4 U2 700 AMPELIDEjE. IV. VITIS. 88 Pliniana ; branches whitish, firm ; berries middle-sized, black. Jetubi bueno, p. 216. — 89 prcedura ; berries large, green. Ataubi, p. 216. — 90 prccgrandis ; peduncles red ; berries large, red. Santa Paula de Xerez, p. 218. — 91 Garideli ; peduncles green; berries large, black. Moravita, p. 218. — 92 ovata ; ber- ries middle-sized, red. Arrobal, p. 219. Tribe 15. Dactylides. Datileras (Span.). Branches prostrate. Berries oblong, firm, and sweet. • 93 Dactylus ; berries red. De Ragol, p. 220. — 94 tenera ; leaves obscurely-green ; berries middle-sized, black. Teta de vaca negra, p. 220. — 95 teretiuscula ; berries large, black. Teta de negra, p. 221. — 96 grucilis ; branches very short; racemes short; berries few, white. Teta de vaca bianco, p. 221. — 97 eximia; branches long; racemes large; berries crowded, white. De Loxa, p. 222. f. 2. — 98 longa ; racemes slender ; berries very few, oblong, slender, white. Almunnecar, p. 223. — 99 orchidea ; branches long ; racemes small ; berries crowded, yellow, very sweet. Boton de Gallo, p. 225. — 100 jucunda ; leaves greenish-yellow; berries black, very sweet. Boton de Gallo negra, p. 225. Tribe 15. Apiana. Moscatelles (Span.). Berries musky. 101 generbsa ; berries round, yellow. Muscatel melnudo bianco, p. 226. — 102 moschata ; berries round, red. Muscatel melnudo morado, p. 227. — 103 obovata ; berries obovate, violet. Mdscate gordo Morado, p. 228. f. 1. — 104 hodbri ; berries ob- ovate, rather yellow. Moscatelon, p. 229. •f Singular varieties of the same tribe, 105 Bouteloui ; berries large, subobovate, yellowish, rather sweet. De Boutelou, p. 230. — 106 Sachsi ; branches prostrate, brittle ; leaves greenish-yellow ; berries middle-sized, round, greenish-white, sweet. Vigiriego de Motril, p. 231. — 107 vl- vax ; branches erect ; leaves yellowish-green ; berries middle- sized, very round, dark-violet, sapid. Jami, p. 231. — 108 Te- rclna ; branches rather firm ; leaves small, yellowish-green ; berries very crowded, middle-sized, very round, firm, and yel- low. Terana, p. 233. — 109 sphceroc&rpa ; branches rather firm ; leaves green, hardly pilose ; berries large, very round, white, and sapid. Alban real, p. 234 — 110 pseudoapiana ; leaves greenish-yellow, hardly pilose ; berries large, very round, green. Muscatel de Flandes, p. 235. — 111 Elisabeth; branches firm; leaves rather pilose ; berries large, round, white, soft, insipid. Santa Isabel, p. 236. — 112 Vaoa; berries few, minute, oblong- ovate, blackish, firm, and acid. Vaoa, p. 236. — 113 Ruizia; leaves palmate ; berries few, middle-sized, roundish, black, and fleshy. Kuizia, p. 237. — \\kZtce; branches very brittle; leaves yel- lowish-green ; berries middle-sized, party-coloured, soft, and sapid. Molar de Granada, p. 237. — 1 15 hirsuta ; branches rather erect, brittle ; leaves very hairy, yellowish ; berries very round, yellow, soft. Cannocazo, p. 238. — 1 16 regalis ; leaves yellowish- green ; berries few, large, cylindrically subovate, white, rather firm. Uva de Rey, p. 239. — 1 1 7 Palladii ; branches prostrate ; leaves yellowish ; berries much crowded, middle-sized, rather oblong, yellowish, firm, and rather acid. Ciuti, p. 240. — 118 Bdcci; leaves yellowish; berries crowded, middle-sized, subcylindrical, yellowish, firm, and subacid. Casta de Ohanez, p. 242 — 119 Nievasea ; berries few, large, oblong, red, subacid, sapid. Nievasea, p. 243. Descriptive List of the varieties of Vttis Vimfera or Grape- vine, cultivated in the regions on the Rhine, by Professor Dierbach in Heidelberg, extracted from Schlecht. Linncea. vol. 3. p. 142 to 152. § 1. Humilibres. Stem shrubby, usually dwarf , mith the nodes of the branches approximate. Berries usually small and dense. * Sphcerocdrpce. Berries globose. a Nobiles. Grapes from which a generous nine is obtained. 1 pusilla; leaves 3-5-lobed, villous beneath-; bunghes small, dense ; berries small, pellucid, with a thin, yellowish-green skin which is dotted, and operculated, and with a juicy aromatic sweet flesh. There are varieties of this with green, cream- coloured, red, and black berries. Riesling, p. 144. — 2 pere- grina ; leaves 3-5-lobed, pubescent beneath; bunches middle- sized, pyramidal, and rather dense ; berries greenish-yellow, covered with a greyish bloom with a thin skin, and aro'matic sweet flesh. Walsch-Riesling, p. 145. — 3 xanthocarpa; leaves 3-lobed, villous beneath ; bunches small, dense ; berries yel- lowish, pellucid, covered with white, pruinose dots, with a thin skin and a sweet juicy flesh. There is a variety of this with greenish fruit. Gelber-Riesling, Ortlieber, Knakkerle, p. 145. — 4 nana; leaves 5-lobed, covered with white pubescence beneath ; bunches rather dense, branched ; berries green, covered with pru- inose dots, with a thick skin and sweet flesh. Kleiner Gutedel, p. 145. — 5 Campana ; leaves slightly 3-lobed, flat, pubescent be- neath ; bunches small, dense ; berries whitish-green, with a thin dotted skin, and sweet juicy pulp. This is the grape from which champaigne is made. Champagner, Kleiner-Heinsch, p. 145. — 6 Burgundlaca ; leaves 3-5-lobed, villous beneath ; bunches small, dense ; berries greenish-yellow, dotted, with a thin skin, covered with a grey bloom, and with juicy, aromatic, sweet pulp. AVeis- ser Burgunder, p. 145. — 7 nicarina ; leaves 5-lobed, scabrous beneath ; bunches middle-sized, dense, oblong ; berries greenish- yellow, covered with a white bloom ; the skin is thin and dotted, and the pulp is green, juicy, and sweet. Futterling, p. 145.— 8 pendula ; leaves 3-lobed or entire, pubescent beneath ; bunches on long peduncles, dense ; berries unequal-sized, green, with a thick skin, covered with a white bloom, and with succulent sweet flesh. There is a variety of this with black berries. Hangling, p. 145. /3 Plebeice. Grapes nhich produce bad and cheap nines. 9 crepitans ; leaves 3-5-lobed, covered with white villi be- neath ; bunches loose, branched, oblong ; berries on long pedi- cels, white, dotted, covered with a grey bloom ; skin thin and pulp pellucid, watery, and sweet. Weisser Rauschling, p. 146. —10 xanthoxylon ; leaves 3-5-lobed, villous beneath; bunches dense ; berries on short pedicels, dotted, covered with a grey bloom ; skin rather thick, and pulp red and sweet. Schwarzer Rauschling, Gelbholzer, p. 146. — 11 pulverulenta ; leaves slightly 3-lobed, blistered, clothed beneath with white villi ; bunches dense, oblong, middle-sized, nearly simple ; berries blue, covered with a grey bloom ; the skin is thin and the pulp is red. Blaue Mullertraube, p. 146. — 12 Austrlaca ; leaves 3-lobed or nearly entire, hairy beneath ; bunches crowded ; berries green, dotted, covered with a grey bloom ; skin thin ; pulp watery, usually containing only 1 seed. Oesterreicher syl- vaner, p. 146. There are varieties of this with red and black berries. — 13 acerba; leaves 5-lobed, smooth; bunches ovate, middle-sized, dense, simple ; berries without dots, greyish-red, with a thin skin, and red, juicy, acid, astringent pulp. Schle- hentraube, p. 146.— 14 tinctbria ; leaves 5-lobed, hairy be- neath ; bunches crowded ; berries blue, with a thick skin and firm, acid, purple pulp, which stains the hands. Farbertraube, p. 146. AMPELIDE.E. IV. VITIS. 701 * * Dactyltdes. Berries more or less oblong, a. Nobiles. Grapes from which good nines are obtained. 15 Clavennensis ; leaves on long petioles, slightly 3-lobed, with red teeth, pilose beneath ; bunches small, dense ; berries red, covered with brownish bloom ; skin rather thick, and the pulp juicy, aromatic, and sweet. There is a variety of this with black berries and red pulp. Clavner, Rulander, Burgunder, p. 147. — 16 Tyrolensis; leaves on short petioles, slightly 3-lobed; bunches small, broad, branched, dense ; berries pruinose, red, with a thin skin, and juicy, aromatic, sweet pulp. Traminer, p. 147. /3 Plebeice. Grapes from which cheap nines are obtained. 17 prcecox; leaves on long petioles, 3-lobed, or entire, rather pubescent beneath ; bunches small, crowded ; berries blue, covered with a grey frosted bloom ; skin thick ; pulp firm and acid. Jacobstraube, p. 146. — 18 Omphacina ; leaves 5-lobed, smooth ; bunches elongated, flaccid ; berries cream-coloured, dotted, covered with a white bloom, with a thick skin, and firm acid pulp. Sauertraube, Verjus, p. 147. •y Apyrence. Berries without seeds. 19 Corinthiaca; leaves slightly 3-lobed, villous beneath; bunches middle-sized, rather flaccid ; berries cream-coloured, covered with white bloom ; skin thin, pulp succulent and sweet. Rosinentraube, Corinthe, p. 147. § 2. Elatiores. Trunk shrubby, tall and climbing, or arbo- reous and erect, with the inlernodes of the branches elongated. Bunches usually large, and flaccid. t 1 Fruticbsce. Stems tall. * Sphcerocarpce. Berries globose. a. Nobiles. Grapes from, which excellent mines are obtained. 20 Aminea ; leaves 5-lobed, smooth, or pubescent beneath; bunches large, flaccid ; berries greenish-yellow, dotted with brown, and covered with white bloom ; skin thin ; pulp pellu- cid, juicy, sweet, and very savoury. There are varieties of this with smaller white and red berries. Gruner oder weisser Gutedel, p. 148. — 21 cestivalis; leaves 5-lobed, pubescent on the nerves beneath ; bunches early, large, flaccid ; branches thin ; berries large, dotted, whitish-green, covered with grey bloom ; skin thin ; pulp juicy and savoury. Fruher Gutedel, Perltraube, p. 148. — 22 riibra ; leaves 5-lobed, coloured; bunches large, flaccid ; berries purple, covered with a grey bloom ; skin thin, pulp red and savoury. Rother Gutedel, Konigs-gutedel, p. 148. — 23 durdcina ; leaves 5-lobed, smoothish ; bunches large, flaccid ; berries greenish-yellow, dotted with brown, covered with white bloom ; skin thick ; pulp firm, fragile, and very savoury. There is a variety of this with deeply jagged leaves, and loose bunches. Krachgutedel, p. 148. — 24 Lugidna ; leaves 5-lobed, smooth ; bunches large, rather dense ; berries green, dotted, covered with grey bloom ; skin thin ; pulp juicy and savoury. Lugiane, p. 149. ft Plebeice. Grapes from which bad and cheap wines are obtained. 25 mtsera ; leaves on long petioles, slightly 3-lobed, clothed with white villi ; bunches large, pyramidal, flaccid, branched ; berries large, greenish-yellow, dotted, covered with white bloom ; skin thin ; pulp yellow, watery. Blender, Putzcheere, Tokayer, p. 149.— 26 caudata; leaves on long petioles, 5-lobed, woolly beneath ; bunches large, tapering into a tail, flaccid ; berries cream-coloured, dotted, covered with a white bloom ; skin thin ; pulp juicy. Hammelchewanz, Lamberttraube, p. 149. — 27 leuct.- phylla ; leaves 5-lobed, covered with white hairs beneath ; bunches large, flaccid ; berries red, covered with grey bloom ; skin thick; pulp firm, acid. Weislauber, Hudler, p. 149. — 28 cathartica ; leaves 3-lobed, pubescent beneath ; bunches large, rather dense ; berries greenish-white, pellucid, with a thin skin and juicy, watery, acid pulp. There are varieties of this with cream-coloured and red berries. The wine obtained from this grape is cathartic in a strong degree as well as the berries, Heinisch, p. 149. — 29 albuelis ; leaves 3-lobed, on short petioles ; bunches large, dense, pyramidal ; berries white, dotted, pruinose, with a thin skin and juicy watery pulp. There are varieties of this with larger and smaller berries, cream- coloured, red, and black. Alben, Elbling, p. 149. * * Dactyltdes. Berries more or less oblong. a Nobiles. Grapes from which pleasant wines are obtained. 30 Mahatica ; leaves rather hairy beneath ; bunches large, rather dense , berries green, dotted, pruinose, with a thin skin, and juicy, savoury pulp. There are varieties of this with white and black berries. Malvasier, Seidentraube, p. 150. — 31 Rhce'- tica ; leaves on long petioles, 5-lobed, villous beneath ; bunches dense, large ; berries unequal, flesh-coloured, covered with grey bloom ; skin thick ; pulp firm, sweet, and savoury. There are varieties of this with white and green berries. Fleischtraube, Valteliner, p. 150. /3 Plebeice. Grapes from which bad wines are obtained. 32 Franconica ; leaves on long petioles, 3-lobed, pubescent beneath ; bunches large, flaccid, on long peduncles ; berries green, dotted, pruinose, with a thick skin, and juicy, sweetish pulp. Franken, p. 150. — 33 callbsa; leaves slightly 3-lobed, on long stalks, rough beneath ; berries green, pruinose, with a callose skin, and firm, sweetish pulp. There is a variety of this with red berries. Hartheinsch, p. 150. — 34 rostrata ; leaves S-5-lobed, on long stalks, pubescent beneath ; berries acuminated, very long, green, pruinose, with a thick skin and acid pulp. There is a variety of this with blue berries. Spitz- walscher, Vogelschnabel, p. 150. 2 Arborescentes. Stems gigantic. * Sphcerocarpce. Berries globose. a N6bilis. Grapes from which excellent nines are obtained. 35 Apiana ; leaves 3-5-lobed, rather pilose beneath ; bunches large, dense ; berries cream-coloured, dotted, pruinose, with a thick skin, and a peculiar musky firm pulp, resembling the ber- ries of the black-currant. There are varieties of this with red, blue, and black berries. Muscateller, p. 151. ft Plebeia. Grapes from which bad wines are obtained. 36 microcdrpa ; leaves 5-lobed, on long petioles, smoothish ; bunches large, pyramidal, branched, flaccid ; berries large, black, covered with grey bloom ; skin thick ; pulp firm and sweet. There is a variety of this with red berries. Trolhnger, Schwarzer-gutedel, Malvasier, p. 151. — 37 Chenopbdea; leaves 5-lobed, smooth ; bunches large, rather dense, pyramidal, on long peduncles, much branched ; berries middle-sized, blue, covered with grey bloom ; skin thick ; pulp reddish, of a sweet- ish-acid flavour. Gansfussler, p. 151. * * Dactylldes. Berries more or less oblong. 38 Aureliana ; leaves 3-lobed, on long stalks, hispid beneath ; bunches early, very dense ; berries cream-coloured, pellucid, 702 AMPELIDE.E. IV. Virts. pruinose, with a thick skin, and firm, sweet, savoury pulp. There are varieties of this with white and green berries. Or- leans, Seidentraube, p. 151. — 39 Africana ; leaves 5-lobed, to- mentose beneath ; bunches large, flaccid ; berries very long, blue, covered with a grey bloom ; skin thick ; pulp rather acid. Marokkaner, p. 151. — 40 Damascena ; leaves 3-lobed, pubes- cent beneath ; bunches large, branched, flaccid ; berries large, blue, covered with grey bloom, with a thick skin, and sweet, savoury pulp at maturity. There are varieties of this with cream-coloured and white berries. Damascenertraube, Zibebe, p. 151. — 41 Alexandrlna; leaves 5-lobed, smoothish; bunches large, flaccid, branched ; berries unequal, greenish-yellow, co- vered with white bloom ; skin thin ; pulp very savoury and aromatic. Zibeben-Muskateller, p. 152. Propagation. — The vine is propagated from seeds, layers, cut- tings, grafting, and budding. By seeds for the sake of obtaining new varieties, by layers to obtain strong shewy plants the first year ; by cuttings for economy in management, and to get plants with tops proportioned to their roots ; and by grafting and bud- ding for various useful and curious purposes. By seed. — Select seed from the finest and best ripened berries, of approved sorts, if the object be to propagate an esteemed variety, or to procure a subvariety of an esteemed sort. But if the object be to procure an entirely new variety, the first object is to bring two or more sorts close together when in flower, so as that the pollen may effect a promiscuous impregnation, or by cutting out with small scissors the stamens from the flowers in- tended for the female parent before the anthers burst, and in- troducing the pollen of the variety intended for the male parent by dusting the stigma with the ripe anthers. This last is the most certain and effectual method, because the pollen of the stranger plant, operating alone, must have more influence on the progeny than when operating in conjunction with that of the blossoms to be crossed. The object of this should be to obtain a superior variety in every particular, therefore particular attention should be paid both to the kind impregnated and to the kind im- pregnating. Were the Red Frontignac and White Sweet-mater wedded together, their union would probably produce a very valuable sort, as there would be a good chance of the berries being both large and delicate. Grapes for seed should be permitted to remain on the plant until they are perfectly mature, and until the seeds become of a dark brown. The seeds should be separ- ated from the pulp and preserved till February or March. They should then be sown in pots filled with light earth, plunged in a moderate hot-bed, and the plants will come up in about a month ; and when the plants are about 6 inches high, they should be planted singly into 48-sized pots, and shifted into larger pots from time to time as they grow. Water gently as circumstances require, give plenty of light and air, and in the following autumn cut the plants down to within two buds of the ground, and suffer only one of these to extend itself in the spring. They will pro- duce fruit in 4 or 5 years, when the approved sorts should be selected and the others destroyed, or be kept for stocks to graft or inarch good sorts upon. Forsyth and some other authors recommend planting seedling vines the second year of their growth against a wall in the open air. Where there is abundance of walling to spare and no great haste requisite to prove the fruit, this is a good mode, as the fruit is sure of grow- ing larger, and give a better opportunity of judging of their merits ; but keeping the plants under glass in pots is the most eligible method, as the plants will produce fruit much sooner, and of better flavour. It would not, however, be prudent to plant out seedlings in a vinery in their untried state. The fruit of seedlings is not even always such as would be advisable to introduce into a vineyard ; for although it may not have the sweetness, flavour, bulk, or precocity desired in an eating grape, it may be of that insipid large-berried kind, which is fit only to make the most inferior wines. In most vine countries, a small black berry, with an austere taste and aromatic flavour, and in a close bunch like that of our black cluster, is preferred to all others. It may be observed that vines raised from the seeds of black-berried kinds do not produce always black berries, nor the white-berried white berries. By layers. — The advantage of layers is generally stated to be that of procuring large plants, that come immediately into bearing. A deep incision is made at a joint, or a ring of bark is taken off, and the shoot pegged down and covered with earth. However, vine plants raised from layers are supposed to be shorter lived and far inferior to those raised from cuttings. By cuttings. — The advantage of propagating by cuttings is eco- nomy in labour. There are three kinds of cuttings used : 1 Long cuttings, from a foot to a foot. and a half in length, consisting of new or young wood, with a joint or two of that of the preceding year. This is the sort recommended by Miller, adopted in form- ing vineyards on the Continent, and formerly used in this country for planting walls and vineries. They are inserted in the earth so as only to leave two eyes above ground, with the earth firmly pressed round them, they are mulched, and water is supplied regularly in dry weather. They strike freely in this way, either with or without bottom heat. In France they will even produce bunches of grapes the first year. 2 Short cuttings are formed with only one eye on the young wood, and 2 inches of that of the preceding year attached, plant in pots, one cutting in each, at first in 48-sized pots, and as soon as these pots are full of roots shift them into 32-sized pots. 3 Single-eyed cuttings ; for this last method ripened wood should always be chosen at the pruning season, and preserve the shoot till wanted in spring by covering their lower ends with earth. The upper part of the cutting should be cut in a sloping direction with a sharp knife about a quarter of an inch above the eye, and cut about 3 inches below the eye horizontally, or they may be cut horizontally or slopingly at both ends at equal distances from the bud. Plant in pots, and bury the whole cutting in the soil, with the eye uppermost ; apply bottom heat as in propagating short cuttings. By grafting. — The advantages of this mode of propagation is when a wall or vinery is planted with inferior sorts of vines, the nature of the vines may be changed without loss of time and without expence ; or in small vineries where it would be incon- venient to have a number of sorts from different roots, they may be procured by grafting different kinds on one and the same plant. But the most important advantage, Speedily considers, is by grafting the weak and delicate growing vines, as the Blue Frontignac upon robust and vigorous kinds, as the Syrian. The Syrian, raised from seed, is greatly preferable to all others for stocks. If the seedlings degenerate to a kind of wildness, so much the greater will he the vigour of the plants and the higher the flavour of the sorts grafted on them. At the pruning season select cuttings for grafts, preferring the bottom part of the last year's shoots, preserve them by inserting three parts of their length in pots filled with earth till wanted. The season for grafting in stoves is the beginning of January, in the open air the beginning of March. On small stocks, not more than an inch in diameter, cleft-grafting will be found the most proper, but upon larger stocks whip-grafting is to be preferred. Vine grafts do not take so freely as those of most other fruits ; the operation must be performed with the greatest care. But the most eligible manner of grafting vines is that by approach, in which case either the stock or scion must be growing in a pot. Strong plants, 2 years potted, are to be preferred for the open air, but for a vinery or hot-house, plants from the nursery may be potted or shifted and inarched the same season. Here the clay and bandage should remain 2 or 3 months after the grafts have AMPELIDE^E. IV. Vms. 703 formed a union, lest the grafted part spring from the stock. But in whip or cleft-grafting the clay may be taken off when the scion has made shoots 5 or 6 inches long. Culture of the vinery. — On the culture of so important a fruit as the vine, it is not surprising that there should be a great variety of opinions. We shall only give those of modern British gardeners. Soil. — Speedily, late gardener at Welbeck, made use of the following compost. One-fourth part of garden mould (strong loam) ; one-fourth of the turf from a pasture where the soil is sandy loam ; one-fourth of the sweepings and scrapings of pavements and hard roads ; one eighth of rotten cow and stable-yard dung mixed, and one eighth of vegetable mould from decayed leaves, turned over and broken with the spade ; then put it to the other materials and work the whole well toge- ther.— Treat, on the vine, p. 25. He also covers his vine beds with a coat of gravel 2 inches thick. Abercrombie recommends " of top spit sandy loam from an upland pasture, one-third part ; unexhausted brown loam from the garden one-third part ; scrapings of roads free from clay one sixth part ; vegetable mould or old tan reduced to earth, or rotten stable-dung, one- eighth part." The borders he recommends " to be from 3 to 5 feet in depth, and where practicable, not less than 4 feet wide in surface within the house, communicating with a border outside the building of not less than 1 0 feet wide." M'Phail gives the following directions : " To make a suitable border where it is required for the grape-vine, provide a large quantity of earth of a loamy nature, that from arable land or from a ridge, in which a hedge-row, or hazel, maple, &c. have grown many years and have been grubbed ; or a spit deep from the surface of a common, long pastured, or from the head or end lands of a corn-field. For forcing vines do best in a strong deep loam, not destitute of a mixture of sand and well manured with rotten dung, on a dry bottom of hard clay." Nicol says, " the average depth of a border should not be less than a yard, if 4 feet so much the better. The border should not be narrower outside and inside of the house than 30 feet. The soil should be thus composed : one half strong hazelly loam, one fourth light sandy earth, an eighth part of vegetable mould or decayed tree-leaves, and an eighth part of rotten dung ; to which may be added a moderate quantity of lime or shell marl. These articles should be well mixed before planting." Wm. Griffin, who has received the medal of the Horticultural Society for his skill in cultivating vines at Woodhall in Hertfordshire, forms his vine borders as follows. After being completely drained, the whole bottom is covered with brick, stone, or lime rubbish about 6 inches thick, and on this is laid a compost of " half good loamy soil with its turf, one quarter of rich solid old dung, and one quarter of brick and lime-rubbish, the turf well rotted, and the whole well in- corporated." Hort. trans, vol. 4. p. 100. D. Judd (Hort. trans, vol. 4. p. 4.) uses the following compost : half of rich gritty loam from a common ; a quarter of rich old dung ; and a quarter of lime-rubbish and leaf-mould mixed together. These materials were kept separate and frequently turned during winter, and when afterwards mixed, were not sifted, but laid on a prepared bottom to a depth of 3 feet. He says he does not use so much dung as is usually done, because though the vine will bear an extraordinary quantity of manure, yet its growth is thereby retarded, especially when young. He recommends the addition of old tan, from having experienced (with Speechly, Mitchell, and others) that the vine will root in that more freely than in any other substance. Choice of plants. — Those raised from eyes and have been properly trained to a single shoot the second year after having been struck are preferred ; but where plants have to be sent from a great distance, Justice prefers cuttings to plants contain- ing an inch or two of the old wood and 12 of the new ; these he plants at once where they are to remain, as practised in France. Mr. Neill, Edinb. encyc. art. hort. details a speedy mode of storing a new grape-house. However, this mode can only be practised where a vinery exists previously, or where there is a friend's vinery in the neighbourhood. In the end of June or the beginning of July, when the vines have made shoots 10 or 12 feet long, and about the time of the fruit setting, select any supernumerary shoots, bend them down so as to make them a double or flexure, into a pot filled with earth, taking care that a portion of last year's wood, containing a joint, pass into the soil in the pot ; keep them each in a wet state, and at the same time maintain a moist warm air in the house, and in a week or 10 days roots will be seen proceeding from the joint. The layer may now be safely detached. Very frequently it contains 1 or 2 bunches of grapes, which continue to grow and come to per- fection. A new grape-house may be furnished in this way with plants in 3 months as by the usual method in 3 years ; for in the second year they will yield a good crop of grapes, but they should be allowed only to bear a moderate crop the first year, for if allowed to bear a full crop the first year, the plants would necessarily show their exhausted state by barrenness the follow- ing year. A mode of more general utility is to select the plants in the nursery a year before wanted, and to order them to be potted into rather large pots, baskets, or tubs, filled with richish earth and plunged into a tan bed. They will thus make shoots, which, the first year after their final destination will, under ordinary circumstances, produce fruit. Planting. — Vines are commonly trained against a back wall or a trellis under the glass roof. In the first case, the plants are always planted in the inside of the house ; but in the latter, there are two opinions among practical men, one in favour of planting outside, and the other inside the parapet wall. Where the vines are to be drawn out when in a dormant state, as is generally the case with those trained under the rafters in pineries, outside planting must be adopted ; but for vineries, where this practice is not requisite, it seems preferable to plant them inside. Abercrombie says, " let them be carefully turned out of the pots, reducing the ball a little, and singling out the matted roots. Then place them in the pits, just as deep in the earth as they were before, carefully spreading the roots, and filling them up with vegetable mould or light earth. Settle all with a little water, and let them have plenty of free air every day, defending them from severe frost and wet till they begin to push young shoots." D. Judd (hort. trans. 4. p. 4.). The vines being reared from eyes in March, cut them down to one eye the following March, put them into bottom heat, there to stand until they pro- duce shoots 2 feet long, afterwards harden them in the green-house, where a temperature of 60 degrees is kept ; there to remain until they grow 2 feet longer. Holes are made in the border in the beginning of May, arid about a barrowfull of old rotten tan put in each hole, in the middle of which the balls are placed, after having been treated as follows : the leaves are cut from the lower part of the stem 2^ feet of its length ; the end of the shoot is then drawn through the hole in the wall, the ball is placed 2 feet distant from the wall on its side, so that the stem will lie in a horizontal position, about 6 inches below the level of the sur- face of the border, and that part of the stem which is to be co- vered with earth is slit or tongued at every eye, to the centre of the joint. This being done, the stem is covered with old tan, and abundance of roots will be produced from every eye so slit. After the roots had issued from the slits, it was surprising the progress the shoots made, under Judd's management they were from 25 to 30 feet long, and proportionate in strength. Season of planting. — Plants that are in pots may be planted at any time of the year, but the autumn and spring months are preferred. 704 AMPELIDE.E. IV. VITIS. Distance. — This must depend entirely on the kind of vine planted. Speedily recommends 6 feet between each plant for the weak and delicate kinds, and 12 for the more robust, on a wall or trellis 12 feet high. At first temporary plants may be introduced between them ; these should have been grown in large pots 2 or 3 years previous, so as to come immediately into bearing, and to be trained so as to occupy the upper part of the wall, while the permanent plants are furnishing it below. Pruning and training. — Each author lays much stress on his own mode of pruning and training ; but as M'Phail observes, good crops depend more upon management, soil, and climate, than upon any method of pruning or training that ever can be adopted. The long or new method of pruning has been adopted, and reduced to a regular system by J. M earns of Shobben-court, Hertford- shire. The vines are planted in the inside of the house at 2^ feet apart, nearly close to the front wall, and are headed down to within a foot of the soil, one shoot only is allowed to proceed from each plant, which at the end of the first season is cut down to the second or third eye ; next year two leading shoots are encouraged, the strongest of which is stopped when it has grown three or four joints beyond the middle of the roof, and the weaker after having grown 3 or 4 feet, for the purpose of strengthening the eyes. At the fall of the leaf, the leading shoots are reduced, the main one to the length of the middle of the roof, and the lower one to the third eye. In the third sea- son, one leading shoot is trained from each shoot, and fruit- bearing side shoots are produced, and no side shoot is allowed to proceed from the spur. The leading shoot from which is to become the bearing shoot next year. Thus in the autumn of the third season, the lower part of the house is furnished with a crop of grapes from a shoot proceeding from the wood of the preceding year ; and parallel to this bearing shoot, is a young shoot for next year's crop. In winter, the shoot from the ex- tremity of the bearing branch is cut off at the top of the roof, or within a few inches of it, and the shoot from the stern is cut down to the middle of the root, and all the spurs which had borne grapes are cut out. Each vine is now furnished with 2 shoots of bearing wood, a part of old barren wood, and a spur for producing a young shoot the following year. In the fourth summer a full crop is produced both in the upper and lower part of the house, the longer shoot bearing on the upper part of its length, and the shorter one its whole length ; a leading shoot is produced from the short shoot and another from the spur. In the pruning season of the fourth year the centre shoot is entirely removed and replaced by the side shoot, and this side shoot is supplanted by a shoot from the spur in its turn, while a spur is prepared to succeed it. J. Mearns has followed this system since 1806, and has had abundant crops and large bunches, and he considers that it may be continued for any length of time. M'Phail describes three modes of pruning. The first he calls the old method, the general shape of the plant when pruned being that of a trained peach. The second is what is called spur pruning, which is to head down the natural leader, so as to cause it to throw out 2 or 3 or more principal shoots ; these are trained as leading branches ; laterals from these are cultivated about 12 inches apart, as mother bearers, those in fruit are stopped, and after the fall of the leaf are cut into one or two eyes. The third is the long or new method described above. J. Seton, of Stamford-hill, plants his vines at the front and ends of the house, and trains the leading branches horizontally along long rods, and spurs are left annually on the old wood to produce fruit, and when these leading branches have reached the end of the house, they are then returned to the end from which they proceeded. Mr. W. Smith (Hort. trans. 6. p. 522.) gives a description of arched hanging trellises in certain vineries of Scotland, which he considers a superior plan to training vines on the rafter, or to one or more wires, that while it admits air to the house it increases the space for training considerably. He thinks the plan capable of further improvement, and that the principle might be extended to peach-houses, in which case the trellis would require to be somewhat differently constructed. Mr. Beattie (Hort. trans, vol. 5. p. 495.) gives an account of training his vine-trees in a vinery at Scone in Perthshire. To enlarge the surface to the utmost he has erected a trellis under each rafter, and from these the vines are trained along the back wall horizontally, not exactly to the top of the house, but so as to allow the free admission of air and sun to the trellis, as well as to the back wall, this method gives a great extent of sur- face. The vines are planted in the inside of the house, and the glasses are never taken off, but are ventilated by means of a ventilator at the top of each sash, and he has always had large crops of grapes. Summer pruning depends generally on the necessity of admit- ting light and air to the fruit and young wood ; and particularly on the sort of winter pruning to be adopted. The gardener must therefore have a predestinating eye to the following season. " Whatever methods of pruning are used," M'Phail remarks, " the grape-vine, through the whole course of the growing sea- son, requires constant attendance, so as not to suffer the plant to be crowded in any part with superfluous branches or leaves, and no more fruit ought to be suffered to dwell on the plant than it is well able to bring to perfection. The berries also on each buncli should be thinned, so that they may have room to swell, without pressing too hard upon each other." M'Phail and Abercrombie agree in directing, that " as the shoots advance on newly planted vines, they must be kept regularly fastened to the rafters. Divest them of their tendrils, and also take off their lateral shoots as they appear. Vines may in general be allowed to ex- tend 25 or 30 feet before they are stopped. Stop the shoots by pinching off their tops, after this 2 or 3 lateral shoots will come out near the top, let these extend 12 inches, then pinch off their tops ; these again will send out lateral shoots, which should be stopped at the second joint. In the second season, as soon as the shoots are half a span long, the rudiments of the flower-bunches will be perceptible. Having thus ascertained the most pro- mising shoots, divest the vines of supernumerary branches as they rise. On the leading shoots preserve the best laterals 3, 4 or 5 feet distance, according to the strength of the plant. Train the shoots retained on each side the rafter, tying them with matt- ing to the trellis. Pinch off the bearing laterals at the second joint above the fruit, leaving only one or two bunches of fruit on each. Rub off water-shoots from the older wood. Pinch off inferior laterals and tendrils. After selecting the shoots to be trained for the production of a crop next season, and others necessary for filling the trellis from the bottom, which shoots should generally be laid in at the distance of 1 foot or 15 inches from each other ; rub off all the others that have no clusters. For this purpose go over the plants every 3 or 4 days, till all the shoots in fruit have shown their clusters, and shorten those one joint above the uppermost cluster, at the same time rub off all water-shoots that may rise from the old wood. Train in the shoots to be retained, using fresh matting, and allowing sufficient room for the shoots to swell. The spurs or short shoots on which the clusters are placed will probably push again after being stopped, if so stop them again and again." Hayward (Hort. trans. 1. p. 172.) takes off all collaterals as they arise, and any shoots, although laid in for fruit, that turn out unproductive, that the whole strength of the tree may be properly applied. J. Mearns (Hort. trans. 4. p. 225.) stops the bearing AMPELIDEjE. IV. Vms. 705 branches at the bunch instead of the next joint, the usual prac- tice. He also blinds all the eyes on each fruit-spur as soon as they push, except the uppermost, which he retains to draw up the sap to nourish the fruit, however he never suffers eyes to push above a joint or two, he pinches them back, and he is always particularly cautious not to injure the leaf accompanying the bunch, for if that is lost the fruit of course will come to nothing. Thinning the leaves and fruit. — -The fruit clusters should be re- gularly thinned out with narrow-pointed scissars, in order to allow those berries left room to swell. This must entirely depend upon the kind so thinned. Cutting off the clusters, to a certain extent, of plants overloaded, and pushing weak wood, is the only means to cause them to produce shoots fit to bear fruit next year, and this should be duly attended to so long as the future plants are a matter of importance. The leaves should be thinned in order to admit air and light among the berries, always however taking care the leaf accompanying the bunch of fruit be retained un- injured. Remedies for bleeding. — If pruning has been timely, the vine is not liable to bleed. But if the sap rises before the wound is healed bleeding ensues, and is not easily stopped. This of course retards the plant ; but the consequences are not so disastrous as many seem to apprehend. The following remedies rank among the best : Sear and cover the wound with melted wax, or with warm pitch spread over a piece of bladder; or peel off the out- side bark to some distance from the place, and then press into the pores of the wood a composition of pounded chalk and tar, •mixed to the consistence of putty. — Abercrombie. However the best preventative is not to prune till the wood is thoroughly ripe in autumn, for plants pruned too late in spring, and forced too soon afterwards, will bleed. But when the vine is in full leaf it is not liable to bleed ; therefore the largest branches may be cut off during the growing season with perfect safety. Mr. Knight (Hort. trans, vol. 1 .) recommends four parts of scraped cheese to be added to one-part of calcined oyster-shells or other pure cal- careous earth, and this composition pressed strongly into the pores of the wood. This done, he says, the sap will instantly cease to flow. Stirring the soil and culture of the borders. — The surface of an open border should be turned with a three-pronged fork, not digging so deep as to injure the roots. This design is merely to revive the surface. When it is necessary to recruit the soil, dig the exhausted part up, and work in such a compost as has been described under soil. The dung out of the cow-house, perfectly rotted, is a fine manure for the vine. From the time the buds rise till the fruit is set, manure the border once in 10 days -with the drainings of dung-hills poured over the roots of . the plants. — Abercrombie. A week or two previous to com- mencing to force, the border should be forked over carefully, and let it be watered all over with drainings of the dung-hill, which repeat at the end of 4 or 5 days, giving as much as will sink down -to the deepest roots and fibres. The border on the o.utside should already have been covered to a good thickness with stable-yard dung, the juice of which may be washed down to the roots. The intention of this covering is to answer as a manure, and also to keep severe frost from the roots, from the time the sap is put in motion till the spring is so advanced, as that the plants will sustain no injury. Previous to laying on the dung the border should be pointed, in order that the juices of the dung may descend the more readily. — M'Phail. Speechly covered the vine borders in front of his hot-house with gravel. The best gardeners do not crop them, or only with the most tem- porary crops of vegetables. Time of beginning to force. — The best time to begin to force is the beginning of March, if the object be simply to obtain grapes in perfection moderately early. Those who begin earlier VOL. i. — PART. vni. have a great number of obstacles and discouraging contingencies to intercept final success, from the adverse state of the weather. Gardeners, however, who work a number of houses, and who have to provide as well as they can against demands for grapes in early succession, begin to force about the 21st of December, and successively, in other houses, the 1st of January, the 1st of February, and so on. Attempts are made to lay forward for a crop in March by beginning to force in August ; ripe grapes may be cut in 5 months or less, but when short days compose the third part of the course in about 6 months. — Abercrombie. M'Phail considers the month of February to be the best time to begin to force, if grapes be not wanted very early. To begin to force in August, M'Phail says, it would not be adviseable, unless you have several vineries, for there are many things which might reasonably be urged against the probability of success ; however, by custom, vines may be brought, as it were naturally, to shoot in the autumn, and their fruit may be set before the shortest days ; the greatest art will then be to preserve them through the dead of winter in a lively growing state. This can be done only by much attention in making gentle fires, and admitting an easy circulation of fresh air into the house every favourable opportunity. On the supposition that the earliest crop of grapes were over by the end of June, and the glasses laid aside, and if it is desirable to have grapes early, prune your vines in August, and put your house in order ; and if it is neces- sary, dig and manure your border, and if dry give it a good watering with dung-water. When this is done, draw on the lights, and keep the air in the house to a moderate degree of heat, and they will shoot out and shew fruit ; treat them as before directed. Speechly begins to force in November to have grapes in April. Griffin (Hort. trans. 4. p. 1 06.) begins early in Ja- nuary; no fire is used the first week, in the second a little fire is given every other night, the third week the heat is kept up to 50 or 52 degrees, but never allowed to exceed 55 till the vines begin to break ; from that time until they flower the heat is kept between 52 and 57 degrees, and while they are in bloom the heat is raised to 57 and 65 degrees. Air is given regularly and plentifully through all these stages until the blossom appears, when the house is kept close, unless the sun be very powerful. When the bloom is past, attention is paid to thinning the grapes, a regular heat is kept up, and air given in due quantity when the weather permits, giving a larger proportion when the heat of the sun is strong, and shutting up early in the afternoon. The crop so treated generally ripens in July. James Aeon (Hort. trans, vol. 7. p. 1.) is enabled to furnish a regular supply of grapes throughout the year. He commences forcing on the 1st of September, and the fruit begins to ripen about the beginning of March, and continues to be gathered to the middle of May. The vines are trained horizontally on an arched trellis, a considerable distance from the glass, some on the walls and some on the rafters ; but these last are introduced six weeks after the forcing of those on the trellis has begun, and they yield a succession of crops, which begin to ripen early in May. The fires of the house are directly under the trellis. The vines are planted within the house, but so as the earth is not heated by the fire. In pruning these vines, he leaves as little wood as possible. He prefers stopping them one joint above, having no joint without a cluster. When the crop is over, the branches should be laid near the ground and shaded, until the time of again beginning to force. This shade will have some affinity to the gloom of winter, which never fails to give vegeta- tion increased energy. In May he shuts up his late vinery as soon as the bunches become visible. The vines are trained on a trellis near the glass. Till they are out of blossom the air is kept very warm. By this means the wood grows more compact, for if the house be kept cold the wood wi'l become soft and 4X 706 AMPELIDE.E. IV. Vms. long jointed, and subsequently barren. As much air as possible is given during the summer, but as the autumn advances more caution on this point is observed. He endeavours to have the fruit perfectly coloured before the approach of the dark season, for if the colouring be deferred too long the berries will never ac- quire their proper flavour. The first object is to ripen the fruit well, after that to maintain a more passive vegetation ; if this be managed well the bunches will remain for months without any apparent alteration. Great care must be observed to remove any berries inclining to damp, otherwise the crop will soon be spoil- ed. The Muscat of Alexandria, St. Peter's, and Black Damascus are best adapted for late crops. The gathering begins about the middle of January, and continues till the end of March, when the early house is in bearing. The pruning is the same as that adopted for the early house ; no wood is suffered to remain with- out fruit. It will sometimes happen that the plants will bleed at the spring pruning ; the best way to stop this is by keeping the house warmer for a few days, which seldom fails. After the crop is gathered the house is unroofed, to restore the elastic power of the wood. Vines in pineries should always be turned out of doors for a few weeks, for it has been observed that vines always push vigorously after having been exposed to frosty weather for a few weeks. Care of outside stems. — The stems on the outside of the house should be guarded against the stagnating effects of cold, by a bandage of hay or moss, and a mulching of dry litter over the roots. The excluded stems must be protected in the same way at the beginning of the forcing season. It will also be advise- able, while the vines are young, to cover the outside border in winter with strawy dung taken from the outside of the hot-beds. Abercrombie. J. Griffin keeps the stems of the vines inside moist, from the time of beginning to force till the bunches show themselves, by daily watering them with a syringe. Some gardeners lap the stems round with moss, which they keep moist for two or three months. These two methods contribute to the production of vigorous shoots. Temperature. — Abercrombie says, begin at 50° min. to 55° max., in a week raise the min. to 55°, the max. to 60°. Till the time of budding it should not exceed 60° by artificial means, and 64° by collected sun heat. After the buds are in full motion, it may be raised to 60° min. 64° max. from fire, and 68° from sun heat. By the time the bloom expands it should be 66° min. and 72° max. by fire, and when the sun's influence is strong, let it be accumulated by confining the interchange of air to the ventilators till the heat rises to 80°. After the fruit is set, the min. should be 75°, and fresh air plentifully admitted. M'Phail observes, nature should be imitated by increasing the heat as the days lengthen, but it should be remembered that to ripen the best sort of grapes they require as great a heat as the pine-apple does to ripen it in summer ; for the vine has no artificial heat to its root. Nicol observes, that forcing must begin slowly by not allowing the heat to pass 50° or 55° mornings and evenings. For if forcing is begun with a dash, as many fast-going gardeners term it, the chance is that the fourth part of the buds will not push ; therefore there will be a great falling ofF in the expected crop. When the whole of the buds are in an evident state of vegetation, the temperature may be gradually raised to 60°, 65°, and 70°, at which it may continue till the bloom begins to open. This rise should not be effected in less time than a fortnight, but three weeks is better. When the plants come into bloom, it should be raised to 75°. When the fruit is ripening let it be raised from 75° to 85° with sun heat, and plenty of air. Mearns (Hort. trans. 4. p. 254.) considers it of the utmost importance to the bold breaking of the buds, and to the strength of the wood, not to force vines hard until the first leaves arrive nearly at their full size. After that period, he gives them a much less portion of air, suffering the sun to raise the thermometer to 90° or 100° before he gives any air. He says there is no danger of draw- ing the wood after that stage of growth, and if the thermometer sinks to 60° at night, the vines will do better in a higher tempera- ture in the day. Air. — Abercrombie directs to give air pretty freely by the sashes until the leaves unfold. Before the foliage is fully made out, begin to keep the house close, admitting air only at the ventilators, and particularly observe to have a sultry moist cli- mate while the blossom is coming out, and until it is off and the fruit set. While the fruit is swelling and ripening the plants will require abundance of light and air. M'Phail recommends a little air to be given during a part of the day, while the ther- mometer is above 65°, and when the sun shines in the winter months, and abundance in the summer season when the heat ex- ceeds 75° or 80°. Nicol observes, in beginning to force air should be admitted freely every day until the foliage begins to expand, to the extent that the thermometer may not rise above 5° above the fire heat, by opening the sashes in the usual way. But after the foliage begins to expand, except in fine weather, the house should be chiefly aired by ventilators until the blossom is over, and the berries begin to set, or at least until the season becomes mild. When grapes are setting, air need not be ad- mitted so freely as before, grapes being found to set best in a high moist temperature. A moderate circulation by the ventila- tors will be sufficient for this purpose, except when the sun shines strong, when it may be necessary to open a few of the sashes at the top, in order to let the rarified air escape, and to keep the temperature within due bounds. Air is to be increased as the season of the growth of the plants and fruit advance. When the fruit is ripening, it should be admitted more freely than before, in order to give the fruit a flavour, for on this, and the withholding of water, that matter entirely depends. Williams (Hort. trans, vol. 1.) strongly recommends a dry atmosphere for vines, in which, he says, the wood, although of slower growth, is more compact, and the fruit more saccharine. Hence vines growing on the sides of mountains in the province of La Mancha in Spain, yield richer grapes and make stronger wine than when cultivated in the neighbouring valleys, where, how- ever, they experience greater warmth, and the fruit arrives sooner at maturity. Impressed with the importance of ventila- tion, from the beginning of July until the middle of October, he generally leaves several of the upper lights of his vinery open about 2 or 3 inches all night. Watering and steaming. — Abercrombie says, vines require a plentiful supply of water from the time the fruit is well set till it begins to colour, particularly if the berries become transparent at the last swelling. Withhold water entirely when the grapes approach maturity. M'Phail recommends a plentiful supply of water to those planted inside, and in dry weather to those planted outside ; let the plants be washed occasionally with clean water, with a syringe or engine ; but if there is any chance of the paint being washed down from the rafters, it will answer the purpose fully as well by filling the house full of steam now and then, by throwing water on the flues when they are warm. The border, if in the Inside of the house, should be watered and sprinkled now and then to keep it moist. Let the flues be watered now and then when they are hot, which is very beneficial to the plants, in promoting their growth, and in preventing them from being infested with the red spider. Steam, however, should not be used too copiously. If the vine borders be in the house, or if there are plenty of plants in pots of earth in it, the evapo- ration arising from the moist earth is generally sufficient to moisten the air properly. When the fruit is set, until the time of changing colour, the borders should be plentifully supplied, and the flues sprinkled now and then with clean water. Increase AMPELIDE*. IV. VITIS. 707 the supplies of water with the advancement of the season. But when the fruit has begun to change colour, and swell off for ripening, the quantity of water hitherto liberally given must be lessened by degrees, and towards the coming to full maturity must be entirely withheld, that it may not be insipid. The operation of engine cleaning must also cease : but previously be particularly severe, and be careful to wash the plants well, that no vestige of the red spider may be left. Ripening of nood.- — Abercrombie says, if the fruit be not off by the middle of August, the continuation of fine dry weather, or the heat dependent on the natural climate, will hardly be suffi- cient to ripen the wood ; and therefore, as soon as the external air declines to 68°, resume gentle fires morning and evening, so as to keep the min. temperature to 70°. Give plenty of air in favourable weather, and if it continues mild after the fruit is cut, take off the glass frames altogether ; but in October the glasses should be put on again if the wood is not completely ripe. Nicol says, if the lower parts of the shoots be not by the be- ginning of August turning brownish, then it is adviseable to apply a little fire heat, in order to further the growth of the plants, and the perfection of the wood. Less trouble and ex- pence for fuel will attend the process of ripening the shoots in September than in October. When the growth of the plants is over, expose the house day and night, except in rain. Exposure and resting of the nood. — Vines which have been exposed to the weather, or freely to the dry air in a state of rest, when forced, after a proper interval, generally break at almost every eye. But if the plants are in the pinery, the branches must be withdrawn from the house after the fall of the leaf, to remain outside till the proper time of again beginning to force the plants. M'Phail says, "I advise that the glass frames of grape-houses be suffered to remain on all the year excepting in July and August, and the grape-vines in pineries should not be taken out to re- main for any length of time at any season of the year. It is natural for the grape-vine to produce only one crop in the year, and when it is accustomed to grow in a hot-house appropriated for the pine-apple, its nature is not changed, nor will it offer to put forth its buds before January in hot-houses kept to a heat sufficient to grow the pine-apple, when the pine plants are plunged in a bed of warm tan." T. A. Knight is highly favourable to putting the vine into a state of repose as early as possible in the autumn preceding the season in which it is to be forced. Nicol exposes the house day and night, except in rain. After the autumn pruning he shuts up the house for 10 days, particularly if there be any appearance of frost, admitting air freely during the day. The object in this is in order that the pores may con- tract and their wounds heal gradually, or otherwise they are apt to bleed. Forcing vines in a pinery. — Speechly considers that vines and pines may be grown advantageously together ; but most gar- deners prefer growing them separately. Abercrombie says, if any gardener gets a good fine-flavoured crop of grapes in a pinery, it is sufficient to confer very great credit on the manager. M'Phail says, in the month of November or December cut down all the old wood to about the height of the pit, leaving only two young shoots, the one to bear the crop, the other to be cut short, to grow long shoots to bear the fruit the succeeding year. As soon as they begin to shoot, let them down from the glass about a foot, so that they may receive the benefit of warm air round about them ; if the stem miss shewing fruit on the fourth or fifth joint they will shew none at all, and therefore these ought to be cut out, as they would only take the nourishment from others that have shown fruit. T. A. Knight (Hort. trans. 6. p. 232.) had a Verdelho vine growing in a pot in the stove early in the spring of 1823, where its wood became perfectly ripened in August. It was then taken from the stove and placed under a north-wall, where it remained till the end of November, when it was replaced in the stove, and it ripened its fruit early in the following spring. In May it was again trans- ferred to the north wall, where it remained in a quiescent state till the end of August. It then vegetated strongly and shewed abundant blossoms, which, upon being transferred to the stove, set freely, and the fruit having been subjected to a very high temperature, ripened early in February. The plant will retain its foliage till April, and will not be prepared to vegetate again till late in the spring. The experiment will probably succeed well with those varieties of the vine which produce blossoms somewhat freely and are of hardy habits ; abundant crops of these may be obtained at all times of the winter and spring, by proper previous management of the plants, and by the application of a higher or lower degree of temperature. Forcing vines by dung heat. — Justice, Lawrence, and Swit- zer state instances of this being done on wooden walls in their time. Fletcher, a market gardener near Edinburgh, has prac- tised it with great success in a glass-case, keeping constantly, till the fruit is about to ripen, a heap of dung or dung and weeds in a state of fermentation in the area of the house. J. French, about the beginning of March, commences to force by introducing a quantity of new long dung, taken from under the cow-cribs, which is laid upon the floor of his house, extending from end to end, leaving a path next the wall. The dung being new, at the beginning a profuse steam arises, which is beneficial in destroying the ova of insects, but which would prove injurious if permitted to rise in so great a quantity when the leaves have pushed forth. In a few days the violence of the steam abates, and the buds open, and in the course of a fortnight the heat begins to diminish, and then it becomes necessary to carry a small addition of fresh dung, laying it in the bottom and covering it over with the old. The quantity of new dung to be introduced at each turning must be regulated by the degree of heat in the house. The temperature kept up is pretty regular, being from 65° to 70°. — Anderson, in hort. trans, vol. ii. J. Mearns (Hort. trans. 4. p. 256.) approves greatly of applying the steam and heat of dung to the forcing of grapes, and uses it in the earliest part of forcing with great advantage, forming a large ridge of it in the back part of his vinery, and introducing the recent litter always under the old dung. Dung heat is always highly noxious to insects. A method of forcing vines in beds raised above dung is described in Hort. trans, which does not appear to us worth trying. Forcing the vine in hotbed-frames and other glass-cases. — T. A. Knight says (Hort. trans.) I have often used with great success a frame and hotbed thus formed for forcing grapes, by placing the bed at 3 feet distance from the wall, to which the vines are trained, and introducing their branches into the frame through holes made on the north end of it, as soon as the first violent heat of the bed had subsided, the vines having been trained to a south wall. The White Chasselas grape thus ripens in July if the branches of the vine be introduced in April ; but the branches that have been forced, having been so closely pruned, renders them unproductive next season, therefore others must be substituted from the wall. Small holes should be made through the sides of the frame, through which the young shoots of the vines can extend themselves in the open air ; for this purpose the frames should not be more than 8 or 10 feet long and 5 or 6 wide. The holes should of course be closed till wanted. When the grapes are nearly full grown, and begin to ripen, it will be advantageous to draw off the glasses altogether during the day in fine weather, by which means the fruit will obtain a degree of perfection that it rarely acquires in the vinery or hothouse. J. Mean (Hort. trans. 2. p. 330.) has practised a mode similar to that of Mr. Knight's. This method is parti- 4x2 708 AMPELIDE^E. IV. Vms. cularly applicable to cases where vines are trained to walls and do not ripen their fruit nor bear well. The frame must be high enough on the sides to admit of the vines being trained horizon- tally on a trellis, to keep the pendant branches clear of the dung, and to give free room between the vine branches and the glass for the leaves. In the first or second week of April, just before - the vines begin to move, you make up a common dung hotbed at a convenient distance from the wall, or from the place where the shoots of the vines are, the branches must then be introduced into the frame, the back board of the frame being so constructed as to slide off; these you train along the trellis already mentioned, with their points directed downwards towards the front of the frame. Vines produce an abundant crop in this way, and it is found that the ripening of the fruit is accelerated by laying slates on the dung ; the wall always yielding a supply of young shoots for next year's crop. Various gardeners, as well foreign as British, construct temporary frames or glass-cases against vines on walls. Sometimes a temporary furnace and flue is built, and excellent crops are obtained. Small vine plants will produce fruit under a common hand-glass. Forcing vines in pots. — This method is occasionally attempted by gardeners, in pits and stoves, and several bunches are ob- tained from each plant. The soil must be very rich and frequently supplied with water and liquid manure. Marsland (Hort. trans. 3. p. 363.) had a succession of grapes during eleven months in the year by forcing in pots. The pots were placed on stages, and as the fruit is cut they are replaced by others ; at the age of 4 years they bear abundantly and produce large bunches. In a temporary vinery or glass-case, placed against a wall on which grapes were trained, T. Thorborn has ripened a late crop, and kept the fruit on the trees in a state fit for use till February. Mr. Ninian Niven (Loud. gard. mag. 3. p. 31 1.) forces grapes in pots in flued pits, and trains the shoots along the trellis under the glass. The pots are plunged in leaves or tan. After the vines have fruited 2 or 3 times they may be thrown away and their place supplied by others : by this means large fruit will always be produced. Diseases and insects. — Nicol considers the red spider the grand enemy of the vine. After every winter pruning he re- commends the branches, shoots, and trellis to be anointed with the following composition to destroy their larvae : soft soap 2 pounds ; flower of sulphur 2 pounds ; nux vomica 4 ounces ; turpentine a gill, boiled in 8 gallons of soft water. The compo- sition to be laid on milk-warm with a hair brush, then with a sponge carefully anoint every part of the plant, walls, flues, rafters, &c. Abercrombie recommends all the shoots to be washed with soap and water, and it may be mixed with sulphur, the stems being previously stripped of loose bark. For the de- struction of the turtle-bug, syringing the stems and shoots with a strong infusion of tobacco-stem-water. Watering is the best preventative of the red spider and green fly. To prevent birds, wasps, and flies, several gardeners direct them to be excluded by gauze frames, some recommend putting bags of gauze on each bunch. M'Phail recommends nets with meshes an inch square. Gathering and keeping the fruit. — Grapes should be allowed to hang till fully matured and ripened, especially the thick- skinned and fleshy sorts. Even the thin-skinned and juicy kinds, which are cut usually before they are perfectly ripe, are much improved in flavour by being allowed to remain till they are ripe, particularly the White Frontignac, White Srveetrvater, and White Muscadine. The vinery, when the fruit is ripe, ought to be kept dry and cool, in order to preserve the fruit as long as possible on the branches, and thus to prolong the grape season. The leaves round the bunches are to be picked off, and a fire to be made in the day-time in gloomy weather. J. Thom- son (Hort. trans. 4. p. 1 32.) preserves grapes in the vinery till February, by lighting fires in the day-time to dry the air and dispel damp, and at the same time giving plenty of air, and shutting the house close up at night. Fires at night, with the house close shut, occasions a vapour, and causes the fruit to become mouldy and to decay. Some kinds will keep on the trees a long time by keeping the house dry and cool. Covering the floor of the vinery with dry coal-ashes, 3 inches thick, prevents damp. Forsyth (Treat, on fruit trees) preserves grapes by removal from the tree, cutting off the branch when there are 2 or 3 bunches on one, sealing both ends of the branch with common wax, then hanging them across a line in a dry room, cutting out with a pair of scissors any of the berries which begin to decay. He has kept grapes till February in this way. He says grapes may also be kept in packing jars, by wrapping every bunch in soft paper, with a layer of grapes and one of bran alternately, till you have filled the jar, covering the top with a bladder closely. These jars may be kept in a room where you can have a fire in damp weather. Culture of the vine in the open air. — Vines require soil that has a dry bottom ; in such as are rich and deep it will grow luxu- riantly and produce abundance of large fruit ; but on a dry, gra- velly, chalky, or schistous soil, it will produce less fruit, but of better flavour. The greater part of the French vineyards, Bosc observes, are on a argil-calcareous soil. Argillaceous gravel is frequent near Nismes and Montpelier, and is that which produces the vins des graves of Bordeaux. Both good and bad wines are produced from the debris of granites, such as the hermitage of the Rhone. The excellent wines of Anjou are made from vines growing among schistous rocks. Wines made from vines on chalky soils, are weak, colourless, and do not keep, as those of Champagne. Retentive clays are the worst soils for the vine ; in such a soil the shoots do not ripen, and the flowers prove abortive. Switzer (Fr. gard. 149.) observes that the soil for the vine should be light, with a chalky or gravelly bottom, free from springs. -Hilt (Treat, on fruit trees, 12.) advises a mixture of lime-rubbish, brick-bats, &c. for a foot deep in the bottom of wall borders destined for the vine. The soil and situation, Laurence observes, (Fruitgard.) can never be too dry for the vine. Manures. — Dung, Speechly says, should never be allowed to approach the roots of vines till it is reduced to a kind of black earth. The dust and dirt of roads he esteems as a manure for vines. He says vines are greatly injured by the common prac- tice of laying lime-rubbish for the bottom floor in the prepar- ation of the ground. Cow-dung is generally preferred for the vine in France, but all kinds are used by vine growers ; the more careful use composts of leaves, cleaning of ditches, ponds, &c. which they turn over a year before using. Vines are al- lowed by all gardeners to be rich feeders; the fertility of both the Hampton Court and Valentines vines are attributed to their roots having found their way, the former into a large sewer, and the latter into a pond of stagnated water (Hort. trans. 3. p. 337.). The cause of the fertility of the vines in the hot- houses at Earl's Court is attributed to the nature of the soil, which is composed of equal parts of garden earth and blood mixed together, and repeatedly turned over one year before using. Grapes are sometimes manured in Italy by digging in the pruned shoots. Vine malls. — A south wall is always preferred ; low walls 5-6 feet high, Speechly says, are best, as the plants grow stronger and afford larger grapes ; at this height they enjoy both the reflected heat of the wall and the earth. English gardeners do not approve of flued walls for the vine. Planting. — Where a wall is to be entirely covered with vines, 3 plants of a kind may be planted, weak growing kinds 3 feet distance, and the strong growing kinds 4 feet, the 2 outer plants of the 3 to be considered temporary, the middle one permanent, AMPEL1DEJE. IV. VITIS. 709 which in 5 years will be in a state to cover the wall itself. When vines are planted in the intervals between other fruit-trees, or on piers, then one plant to each is sufficient. Pruning of vines in the open air.— Any of the modes described above will do ; the spur method and the fruit-tree method seem to deserve the preference ; but this must entirely depend upon the pruner, for it is almost useless to describe methods of prun- ing. Horizontal training is considered the preferable mode for the vine. Training the shoots of vines along the ground like those of melons and cucumbers has been proposed and practised by Vispre (Dissert, on the growth of vine, Bath, 1786) and suc- ceeded. Vines in .some places are allowed to grow like herbs, spreading upon the ground, and the grapes of these vines are very large. The Black Hamburgh is an excellent grape for a wall. The only secret in ripening grapes in the open air is timely summer pruning, this assists ripening the wood. By fixing the bunches close to the wall by a thread they ripen a month earlier. Granting the cine as espaliers or as standards.— The direction given for walls is sufficient for espaliers ; but this practice is not to be considered worth following. As standards they may be grown in extensive plantations as in vineyards, and the plants may be trained either like currants or raspberries ; in this case the stems will require to be tied to stakes. The pruning is nearly the same as that for raspberries. Switzer recommends the side or declivity of a hill lying to the south or south-east, which is favored with other hills somewhat higher, clothed with wood, on the north, north-east and north-west, to break the severity of those perishing quarters. Speechly observes that the hills in the counties bor- dering the English Channel, have in general declivities tending to the south, and are therefore highly favourable for vineyards. Steeps of poor, gravelly, and rocky soils, in warm situations, would produce more under vines than any other crop. Forming vineyards. — They must be planted in rows at a dis- tance from each other according to the height and mode of training proposed, and according as the soil maybe rich or poor, deep or shallow. A square yard may be considered a desirable medium. Where vineyards are formed on the sides and steeps of hills, it may be best to form them into terraces or horizontal beds, rising one above another like steps of stairs, supported each by a wall, if the declivity is very steep, against which the vines may be trained ; but in vine countries the terraces are usually wide and the walls so rude, that it is impossible to train the vines against them ; in this case the standard or espalier mode is adopted. At Thonning, near Fontainebleau, mud walls are made, and the vines are trained to low trellises, at first hori- zontal along the bottom of the trellis, then erect upon the trellis. Sorts proper for a vineyard. — On the Continent vines used for making wine are by no means agreeable to eat, and there is always a distinction made between fruits to eat and fruits to press by nurserymen. The names of vineyard grapes vary in every district. In this country it would be best to select such sorts as are already in the country, such as the Clus- ters, Sweet-waters, Burgundy, Large Black Cluster, Miller's Grape, &c. Making wine from grapes. — This can hardly be considered as coming under gardening. We shall only suggest that it requires a person who has a knowledge of the general principles of fer- mentation and chemistry, or who has been concerned in the manufacture of British wines, to succeed properly. An excel- lent paper on the processes of wine-making will be found in the second volume of the memoirs of the Caledonian Horticultural Society, by Dr. Macculloch of Woolwich. H. S. Mathews (Hort. trans, vol. 2.) has given a receipt for making a tolerable sort of red wine from the leaves of the claret grape ; these leaves, it is suggested, might be employed to give a colour to wines made from white grapes or green gooseberries, &c. The numerous varieties of wine depend principally on the proportion of sugar contained in the must, and the manner of its ferment- ation. When the proportion of sugar is sufficient and the fer- mentation complete, the wine is perfect and generous, if the quantity of sugar be too large, part of it remains undecom- posed, and the fermentation is languid, and the wine is sweet and luscious ; if, on the contrary, it be too small, the wine is thin and weak, and if it be bottled before the fermentation be com- pleted, it will proceed slowly in the bottle, and, on drawing the cork, the wine will sparkle in the glass, as for example Cham- pagne. When the must is separated from the husk of the grape before it is fermented, the wine has little or no colour ; these are called white wines. If, on the contrary, the husks are al- lowed to remain in the must while the fermentation is going on, the alcohol dissolves the colouring matter of the husks, and the wine is coloured ; such are called red wines. Besides in these principal circumstances wines vary much in flavour. Qualities. — Grapes, before they are ripe, are extremely harsh and acid, and by expression furnish a liquor which is called verjuice. It contains malic acid, super-tartrate of potass, and may be made to furnish wine by addition of sugar. As the grape advances to maturity, the quantity of sugar in it increases, while that of the malic acid diminishes. It, however, never disappears entirely. The grape, when ripe, is cooling, antiseptic, and when eaten in considerable quantities is diuretic and gently laxative. In inflammatory diseases, and all others where acids are indicated, grapes form an excellent article of diet. Dried grapes or raisins are more saccharine, mucilaginous, and laxative than the recent grapes, but are less cooling. Wine, when taken in moderate quantities, acts as a beneficial stimulant to the whole system. It promotes digestion, increases the action of the heart and arteries, raises the heat of the body, and exhi- larates the spirits. Taken to excess, it produces inebriety, which is often succeeded by headache, stupor, nausea, and diar- rhoea, which last for several days. Habitual excess in wine debilitates the stomach, produces inflammation of the liver, weakens the nervous system, gives rise to dropsy, gout, apo- plexy, tremors, and cutaneous affections. To convalescents and in all diseases of general debility and deficiency of vital powers, wine is the remedy on which medical men must place their chief dependence. It is contraindicated in all inflammatory complaints, and when it sours upon the stomach. Insects' and diseases are the same in the open air as in the vinery, and the modes for their destruction and prevention the same, which see under that head. Common Vine or Grape, or nine-bearing Vine. Fl. June, July. Clt ? Shrub cl. 2 V. LACINIOSA (Lin. spec. 293.) leaves 5-cut, with stalked, multifid segments. Jj . ^,, S. Native of? This is perhaps only a variety of the preceding. It is called in France Ciotat. • — Corn. can. t. 183. Vitis vinifera, var. 24. Room, et Schult. syst. 5. p. 314. Berries black. This is usually cultivated as a curiosity, and is called Pursley-leaved vine. Jagged or Parsley-leaved Vine. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1648. Shrub cl. 3 V. DENTATA (Link, cnuni. 1. p. 236.) leaves cordate, usually 5-lobed, unequally and mucronately serrated, roughish. Tj . w. H. Native of? Flowers and fruit unknown. Petioles rough from indurated glands. Toothed-leaved Vine. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 4 V. FLEXUOSA (Thunb. Lin. trans. 2. p. 332.) leaves cordate, toothed, villous beneath ; stem flexuotis ; panicles elongated. Tj. y. H. Native of Japan. V. I'ndica, Thunb. fl. jap. 103. Berries of a brownish-green with an austere, acid taste. .FYezMous-branched Vine. Shrub cl. 5 V. WALLI'CHII (D. C. prod. 1. p. C34.) leaves cordately 710 AMPELIDE.E. IV. VITIS. truncate at the base, acuminated at the apex, acutely toothed, glossy on both surfaces ; racemes shorter than the leaves, fj. v_,. S. Native of Nipaul. Leaves shining, 2 or 3-times smaller than those of V. vinifera. Racemes with the peduncle hardly an inch long. Fruit unknown. J1 'allic/i's Vine. Clt. 1822. Shrub cl. 6 V. GIABRA'TA (Roth. nov. spec. 156. Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 318.) leaves cordate, somewhat 3-lobed, serrated, smooth ; serratures equal, with blunt lobes ; tendrils bearing panicles, fj . w. S. Native of the East Indies. Very like V. vulpina, but the serratures of the leaves are shorter. Smooth Vine. Clt. 1819. Shrub cl. 7 V. HEYNEA'NA (Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 318.) leaves cordate, acuminated, undivided, toothed, smooth above, but covered with rusty down beneath ; panicles elongated, tj . w. S. Native of the East Indies. V. cordifolia, Roth, but not of Michx. Heyne's Vine. Shrub cl. 8 V. I'NDICA (Lin. spec. 293.) leaves cordate, often more or less angled, finely serrated, pubescent beneath. Tj . w. S. Na- tive of the East Indies. — Rheed. mal. 7. p. 11. t. 6. Panicles dense, rising solitary from the middle of the tendrils. Ovary embraced by a 5-lobed cup. Berries round, black, 1-2-seeded. Flowers greenish-purple. According to Lour. fl. cochin. 155. the berries are of a brownish-green ; this is perhaps a distinct species. V. sylvestris, Blum, bijdr. is a variety. IndianVine. Fl. April. Clt. 1692. Shrub cl. 9 V. LANA'TA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 474.) leaves cordate, ser- rated, woolly beneath ; racemes panicled, opposite the leaves ; petals cohering at the apex. J? . w. S. Native of the East Indies in the forests in the Circar mountains. Flowers nu- merous, green. Berries round, purple, size of a pea, 1-2-seeded. Woolly-leaved Vine. Shrub cl. 10 V. TRUNCA'TA (Blum, bijdr. 4th number,) leaves truncate at the base, ovate, acuminated, obtusely and glandularly-serrated ; veins pubescent beneath ; panicles opposite the leaves. ^ . w. S. Native of Java. Truncate-leaved Vine. Shrub cl. 11 V. CYMOSA (Blum, bijdr. 1. c.) leaves cordate, acuminated, bristly-serrated, downy beneath ; cymes stalked, trifid, shorter than the leaves. Tj . w. S. Native of Java. Cymose Vine. Shrub cl. 12V. C«VSIA (Hort. trans, vol. 5. p. 447.) leaves cordate, angularly-sinuated, with distant, bristle-like serratures, wrinkled on both surfaces, clothed with short, white down beneath ; shoots terete, glaucous, pruinose. fj . ,__,. S. Native of Sierra Leone in the low lands. Cissus cassia, Afz. rem. guin. ex Spreng. neue. entd. 3. p. 234. Berries black, round, with an austere, acid taste, not very agreeable to Europeans, and are chiefly eaten by the negroes, who are rather fond of them. The leaves are delicately toothed, having the appearance of being edged with fine hairs. The plant is called country grapes by the settlers at Sierra Leone. Grey Vine. Fl. Feb. Mar. Git. 1822. Shrub cl. 13 V. GLABE'RRIMA (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 476.) fleshy, leaves ovate-oblong, a little cordate, rather obtuse, remotely bristle- crenated ; corymbs equal in length to the leaves, almost simple, consisting of many umbellets ; flowers nectariferous ; petals oblong-linear ; berries 2-celled ; stipulas fleshy, oval glands ; stem 4-cornered. T? . w. S. Native of Penang in the East Indies. Flowers rather large, tetrandrous, greenish. Ripe berries not observed. Very-smooth Vine. Fl. Dec. Shrub cl. 14 V. GRA'CILIS (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 477.) leaves ovate-cor- date, tapering to the apex, acuminated, with pointed teeth, pu- bescent above ; nerves villous beneath ; stipulas half-cordate, villous ; clusters formed of many small, short, villous spikes, cirrhiferous ; berries 3-seeded ; stem filiform, villous when quite young. \i . w. S. Native of the East Indies at Singapore. Flowers small, tetrandrous, brown, villous. Slender Vine. Fl. Sept. Shrub cl. 15 V. BARBA'TA (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 478.) leaves round, cor- date, sinuately-toothed, very slightly 3-lobed, smoothish ; clusters disposed in oval bunches, bearing a dichotomous tendril ; stem, branches, petioles, and peduncles covered witli long capitate bristles. Tj . w. S. Native of Silhet in the East Indies. Flowers tetrandrous. Bearded Vine. Fl. Aug. Shrub cl. 16 V. IRIPIDA (Roth. nov. spec. 158.) leaves cordate, roundish, trifid at the apex, grey above and covered with rusty down be- neath, repandly serrate-toothed; corymbs bifid, glomerate. Tj . ^j. S. Native of the East Indies. Trifid-leaved Vine. Shrub cl. 17 V. TR!LOBA (Roth. nov. spec. 156.) leaves cordate, 3- lobed, pubescent above, but clothed with rusty down beneath, deeply serrate-toothed, acuminated ; lobes unequal ; racemes ovate, downy. Tj . w. S. Native of the East Indies. Perhaps this is the same as V. Labrusca of Lour. coch. 1. p. 193. Three-lobed-leaved Vine. Shrub cl. 18 V. TOMENTOSA (Roth. nov. spec. 156.) leaves cordate, 3- lobed, downy, serrated, middle-lobe ovate, lateral ones half- moon-shaped; racemes ovate, dense, downy. Tj . w. S. Native of the East Indies. Very like V. triloba, but with the leaves simply serrated, and with the peduncles 2 or 3-times longer. Downy Vine. Shrub cl. 19V. HETEROPHY'LLA (Thunb. fl. jap. 103.) leaves 3 or 5- lobed, or the upper ones undivided, serrated, smooth ; panicles somewhat dichotomous, smooth. Jj . ,_,. G. Native of Japan. Teeth of calyx blunt. Style filiform, permanent. Berries glo- bose, green, size of a pea. Variable-leaved Vine. Shrub cl. 20 V. LATIFOLIA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 474.) leaves cordate, 3-lobed, crenate-serrated, smooth ; tendrils panicle-bearing ; pe- tals oblong ; ovaries embracing a nectarial cup. If. . w. S. Native of the East Indies in the warmer maritime parts. — Rheed. mal. 7. p. 13. t. 7. Flowers numerous, of a deep reddish- brown. Berries the size, shape, and appearance of a black currant, containing rarely more than 2 seeds. Root tuberous. Broad-leaved Vine. Fl. May. PI. cl. 21 V. PARVIFOLIA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 475.) leaves angled, cordate, 3-lobed, crenate-serrated, smooth ; stipulas oval ; thyrse few-flowered. I/ . w. S. Native of the East Indies in the eastern parts of Bengal and Nipaul. Old branches woody, con- siderably flattened. Flowers very small, green. This plant has the appearance of the common vine. Small-leaved Vine. Fl. Feb. PI. cl. 22 V. GLANDULOSA (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 479.) stem dotted, roughish ; branches villous ; leaves broad, cordate, ovate, 3- lobed, villous, bearing glands in the axils of the nerves beneath ; tendrils dichotomous ; corymbs short, dichotomous. 7/ . S. Natives of the East Indies. Berries small, round, deep-purple, smooth, 4-seeded. Glandular-leaved Vine. Fl. May, June. Shrub cl. 23 V. RUGOSA (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 480.) all parts of the plant densely clothed with rusty down ; leaves broad, cordate, acu- minated, unequally 3-lobed, toothed, villous, and wrinkled above but woolly beneath ; corymbs ovate, dense, consisting of many umbellets ; petals linear, spreading, 1? • w ^. Native of Nipaul every where in the mountains and forests. Branches long, obscurely 4-cornered. Flowers small, with a yellow, cre- nulated disk and purplish stamens. This species resembles V. landta, Roxb. tomentosa and triloba of Roth., but differs in its far greater size, and its not cohering petals. AMPELIDE^:. IV. Vms. 711 Wrinkled-leaved Vine. Shrub cl. 24 V. PURA'NI (Hamilt. mss. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 188.) leaves cordate, serrate-toothed, acuminated, coriaceous, pubescent above, villous beneath, as well as the petioles, some- times 3-lobed ; thyrse spicate, short, opposite the leaves. Tj . w. S. Native of Nipaul in the vicinity of the town, called Thankot. Shrub slender. Leaves small. PuraniV'me. Fl. April. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. * Leaves ternate or quinate, rarely pinnate. 25 V. SEMICORDAVTA (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 481.) leaves ternate; leaflets villous on the under surface, acuminated, bristly-serrated, lateral ones half-cordate, gibbous, intermediate one ovate, taper- ing to the base ; cymes oblong ; young branches villous. }/ . w. S. Native of Nipaul on the Sheopore mountain. Flowers small, greenish. Half-cordate-lea6etted Vine. Fl. Sept. PI. cl. 26 V. MOLLISSIMA (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 482.) leaves ternate ; leaflets covered with very dense, white hairs, lateral ones acu- minated, unequally crenated, half ovate, intermediate one ellip- tical, with a narrow, rather retuse base ; cymes divaricating, dichotomous, villous ; berries round, smooth, 4-seeded. Tj . w. S. Flowers tetrandrous. Berries almost the size of a common cherry. Very soft Vine. Shrub cl. 27 V. BRACTEOLA'TA (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 483.) smoothish, slender ; leaves ternate ; leaflets with bristly-serratures, lateral ones half ovate ; cymes on long peduncles, much divided, with oblong, deciduous bracteas. (3 . w. S. Native of the East Indies on the Juyuntija mountains. Flowers small, tetrandrous. Bracteated Vine. Fl. Sept. Shrub cl. 28 V. CINNAMOMEA (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 483.) every part clothed with dense, rusty down ; leaves from simple, ovate- cordate, a little 3-lobed, to ternate and quinate, with half- cordate, lateral leaflets ; corymbs long, pendulous, bearing tendrils, consisting of very approximate, divaricate spikes. Ij . ,_,. S. Native of the islands in the Straits of Malacca, Penang, Singapore, Pulo Dingding. Berries roundish, smooth, purple, 3-4-cornered. This is a charming species, remarkable on account of the varying form of its leaves. Cinnamon-coloured Vine. Shrub cl. 29 V. RUBIFOLIA (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 481.) leaves pinnate, with 5 pairs of oblong, acuminated, coarsely and sharply ser- rated, rather cordate leaflets, terminal one rather ovate, all glaucous beneath, and a little hairy. lj . w. S. Native of Bengal on the Juyuntija mountains. Flowers fragrant, of a yellowish-green colour. Berries esculent. Rubus-leaved Vine, Shrub cl. * * * Dioecious or polygamous species, natives of America. SO V. CARIBBJE'A (D. €. prod. 1. p. 634.) leaves cordate, acuminated, with long acute teeth, smoothish above, but downy beneath, as well as the peduncles. Jj . w. S. Native of Jamaica on the lower hills among bushes. Vkis I'ndica, Swartz, obs. 95. Poir. diet. 8. p. 607.— Sloan, hist. 2. p. 104. t. 210. f. 4. Flowers small, white. Berries small, brownish-green, watery, acid, but eatable. This plant produces a great quantity of clusters of small black grapes of an austere taste, but they would doubtless make a good red wine. When it grows luxu- riant, as it generally does on the higher woody lands of Ja- maica, it is so full of juice that a piece about 3 feet long will yield near a pint of clear, tasteless water, which has saved the lives of many who have wandered long in the woods without any other refreshment of a liquid sort ; therefore the plant is called in Jamaica Water Withe. According to Sloane, the fruit is red or deep-purple, the size of currants, and agree- ably acid, as well as astringent. Caribbean Vine. Clt. 1800. Shrub cl. 31 V. LABRU'SCA (Lin. spec. 293.) leaves cordate, a little 3- lobed, acutely-toothed, downy beneath, as well as the peduncles. Tj . ,_,. H. Native of North America from Canada to Florida, in shady woods. Jacq. schcenbr. t. 426. Vitis taurina, Walt. fl. car. 242. — Plum. icon. t. 259. f. 1. Old leaves smooth beneath. Fertile racemes small. Berries black, large, of a disagreeable foxy smell, commonly called Fox Grape. They have a rough acid flavour, but are eatable. Var. /3, btdnda ; berries white. This variety is called in North America Eland's Grape. There are other varieties raised of this grape. From the fermented berries of all these very pleasant wine is made. Wild Vine or Fox Grape. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1656. Sh. cl. 32 V. ESTIVA' us (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 230.) leaves broad-cordate, 3-5-lobed, young ones clothed beneath with cob- web-like down, adult ones smooth. Tj . w. H. Native of North America from Virginia to Carolina, in fields and woods. V. vulpina, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1181. Jacq. schcenbr. t. 425. V. Labrusca, Walt. fl. car. 242. Fertile racemes oblong. Berries small, dark-blue, very agreeable, and frequently converted into a very good home-made wine. It is known by the name of Summer Grape. Summer Grape or Vine. Fl. May. Clt. 1656. Shrub cl. 33 V. SINUA'TA ; leaves sinuately-palmate, coarsely-toothed, with rhomboid recesses, young ones covered beneath with cob- webbed rusty down, adult ones smooth, fy . w. H. Native of North America from Virginia to Carolina, in fields and woods. V. aestivalis var. ft, sinuata, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 169. Fertile racemes oblong. Berries dark-blue, very agreeable to eat, and are, as well as those of the preceding species, converted into very good home-made wine. This is probably the V. La- bruscoides of Muhl. cat. 27. Scolloped-leaveA Summer Grape-vine. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1656. Shrub cl. N.B. The three preceding species have been greatly im- proved by cultivation, and many new varieties have been raised within the last few years. 34 V. CORDIFOLIA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 231.) leaves cordate, acuminated, deeply-toothed, smooth on both surfaces. ^ . ^,. S. Native of North America from Canada to Florida, on the edges of rivers and in woods, where it is called Winter Grape or Chicken Grape. V. incisa, Jacq. schcenbr. t. 427. V. vulpina, Walt. fl. car. 243. Racemes loose, many-flowered. Berries green or amber-coloured, small, and ripen extremely late, of a very tart taste. Heart-leaved Vine or Chicken Grape. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1806. Shrub cl. 35 V. RIPA'RIA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 231.) leaves cor- date, a little trifid, unequally and deeply-toothed ; petioles, mar- gins, and nerves pubescent. lj . w. H. Native of North Ame- rica from Pennsylvania to Carolina, on the gravelly shores and islands of rivers. V. odoratissima, Donn, hort. cant. 66. The flowers have an exquisitely fine smell, somewhat resembling that of mignonette. Female plants are very seldom found north of the Potowmac river, though the male extends very far beyond it. It is vulgarly called the Vigne des Battures. River-side or Sweet-scented Vine. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1 806. Shrub cl. 36 V. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 231.) leaves shining on both surfaces, rather equally toothed, cordately kid- ney-shaped ; racemes composed of many small umbellets or heads. fc . w. H. Native of North America from Virginia to Florida, on river sides and in islands. Berries very large, dark- blue, agreeable to eat. It is commonly called Bull or Bullet 1 712 AMPELIDE,£. IV. VITIS. V. LEEA. Grape, from the size and form of the fruit, sometimes Musca- Round-leaved Vine or Bullet Grape. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1806. Shrub cl. f American species not sufficiently known. 37 V. PALMA'TA (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 42.) leaves cordate, pal- mate, smooth, with lanceolate, cut segments ; umbels racemose. \j . w. H. Native of Virginia. Vahl had his specimen from the Paris garden, where it was said to be a native of Virginia, but Mr. Pursh met with nothing answering the description in North America. Sir James Smitli supposes this to be only a variety of Vltis vinifera. Palmate-\eaved Vine. Shrub cl. 38 V. VIRGINIA'NA (Hort. par. ex Poir. diet. 8. p. 608.) leaves ovate-cordate, smooth, profoundly 5-lobed ; lobes un- equally and broadly crenated ; racemes usually simple, fj . w. H. Native of Virginia. Virginian Vine. Shrub cl. 39 V. TiuJEF6i.iA (Humb. et Bonpl. ex Willd. in Roam, et Schult. syst. 5. p. 320.) leaves cordate, serrated, hoary beneath. 1? . w. S. Native of South America on the banks of the river Magdalena, near Nares. V. I'ndica, H. B. et Kunth. 5. p. 227. Lime-tree-leaved Vine. Shrub cl. 40 V. ACAPULCE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 230.) leaves unknown ; tendrils very long, branched ; lower branches cymiferous ; cymes much branched, cloth.ed with rusty wool. Tj . w. S. Native of New Spain near Acapulca. Sta- mens 5. Acapulca Vine. Shrub cl. Cult. The cultivation of Vltis vinifera, or common grape- vine, is given under its proper species. The American hardy species which bear eatable fruit, require the same treatment. The other hardy species are not worth cultivating ; they will grow in any common soil, and ripe cuttings of them will root freely in earth. The stove species, or those from tropical coun- tries, are not worth cultivating unless in botanic gardens ; they are easily increased by ripened cuttings under a hand-glass in mould. They will grow in any common soil. Tribe II. LEEAXCE^E (plants agreeing with Leea in important charac- ters). D. C. prod. 1. p. 635. Corolla monopetalous. Stamens alternating with the petals ? usually monadelplious. Fruit and seeds scarcely known. Peduncles not converted into tendrils. The fruit, according to our own observations, is a dry capsule, with 4 to .6 lobes, which are separable, each lobe containing 1 seed. V. LEE1 A (in honour of James Lee, founder of the extensive nursery at Hammersmith hamlet, whose grandson is the present proprietor ; author of an introduction to the Linnaean system of botany}. Lin. mant. 124. D. C. prod. 1. p. 635. — Aquilicia, Lin. mant. 211. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Pentandria. Calyx 4-5 toothed. Corolla 5-cleft, with revolute segments. Urceolus of stamens 5-lobed, with the filaments adnate to the outside between the lobes ; anthers ovate, smooth. Style simple. Capsule 4-6- celled ; cells 1 -seeded, but both cells and seeds are often abor- tive. The seeds, according to Gaertner, are solitary in each cell, erect, with a 5 or 6-lobed cartilaginous albumen, with a terete, acuminated, arched or straight, somewhat excentral embryo, and awl-shaped cotyledons. Radicle inferior. — Large, rough shrubs, with cymes of small, greenish or yellowish, insignificant flowers. Leaves pinnate or bipinnate, resembling those of the Elder. Leaves bi or tripinnatc. FIG. 118. 1 L. SAMBU'CINA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 1177.) stem furrowed, angu- lar ; leaves somewhat bipinnate ; leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate, serrated. T? . S. Native of the East Indies and the Mauritian Islands, where it is called Bois de source. Aquilicia sambucina, Lin. mant. 211. Cav.diss. 7. t. 218.— Rheedt mal. 2. p. 43. t. 26. — Rumph. amb. 4. t. 45. Leaves from simple to decompound. Flowers small, yellow, in terminal, supra-decom- pound, trichotomous corymbs. Berries round, pulpy, smooth, glau- cous, black, size of a marrow-fat pea, 6-seeded, when dry torose. (f.118.) Elder-leaved. Leea. Fl. Oct. Jan. Clt. 1790. Shrub 8 ft. 2 L. KOBU'STA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 468.) stem jointed, pubes- cent ; leaves bi and tripinnate, with ovate-lanceolate, serrated, cuspidate leaflets ; urceolus of stamens rather globose, white. ?2 . S. Native of the East Indies in the Northern Circars. Stem flexuous. Leaves from 1 to 3 feet long, but usually greater in breadth ; lateral leaflets with a broad cordate base, hairy be- neath. Cymes supra-decompound, villous. Flowers numerous, small, green. Berries much flattened, size of a small cherry, smooth, black, and rather succulent, 6-lobed, 6-celled. Robust Leea. Fl. Nov. Dec. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 feet. 3 L. STAPHY'LEA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 471.) leaves compound or supra-decompound, with linear-oblong, finely taper-pointed, serrated, smooth leaflets ; cymes loose. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies. Aquilicia Otillis, Otillis Zeylanica, Gasrt. fruct. 1. p. 275. t. 57. Staphylea? I'ndica, Burm. ind. 75. t. 24. f. 2. Leaflets 4-7 inches long, and from 2-3 broad. Stipulas large. Calyx 5-toothed. Flowers small, greenish-white, very numerous. Urceolus of stamens a yellow, 5-cleft, fleshy ring. Berries dry, size of a small cherry, flattened, 5-6-grooved, 5-6- celled, with a single seed in each cell. Branches flexuous. Staphylea-\\ke Leea. Shrub 10 feet. 4 L. INTEGRIFOLIA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 427.) somewhat ar- boreous ; leaves supra-decompound, with lanceolate, entire, acuminated leaflets ; corymbs supra-decompound. T? . S. Native of the East Indies, in moist valleys among the Circar mountains. Leaves about 2-| feet long, with the lower, two pairs of pinnae always bipinnate, as in the last Species. Flowers greenish- white. Urceolus of stamens of 5 emarginate scales. Capsule usually 6-seeded. Entire-leaved Leea. Shrub 8 feet. 5 L. RUBRA (Blum, bijdr. 4th number,) stem round, fur- rowed ; leaves bipinnate, rough on the veins beneath, with ovate- lanceolate, bluntly-serrated leaflets, lower ones ternate ; corymbs decompound. Ij . S. Native of Java. Berries red. Red Leea. Shrub 8 feet. 6 L. JAVA'NICA (Blum, bijdr. 1. c.) stem round, dotted, rough ; leaves bipinnate, smooth, with sharply-serrated leaflets ; corymbs decompound. Tj . S. Native of Java. Java Leea. Shrub. 7 L. GUINEE'NSE ; leaves pinnate, lower pair ternate ; leaflets broad-lanceolate, acuminated, serrated ; corymbs axillary, twin ; fruit 4-celled, 4-seeded. Tj . w. S. Native of Guinea, (v. s. in herb. Lamb.) Guinea Leea. Shrub straggling. AMPELIDE^E. V. LEEA. VI. LASIANTHEBA. GERANIACE.E. 713 * * Leaves usually pinnate, very seldom blpinnate. 8 L. ACULEA'TA (Blum, bijdr. I. c.) stem roundish, furrowed, prickly ; leaves pinnate, quite smooth, with coarsely-serrated leaflets ; corymbs decompound. T? . S. Native of Java. JPn'cHy-stemmed Leea. Shrub 8 feet. 9 L. HI'RTA (Herb. Banks, Horn, hort.hafn. 1. p. 231.) leaves pinnate, and sometimes bipinnate, with lanceolate-serrated hairy leaflets; anthers connected. I? . S. Native of the East Indies in the lower parts of Bengal and Nipaul. L. scabra, Roxb. mss. Stems many, flexuous, jointed. Leaflets from 2 to 8 inches long, and from 1 to 3 broad. Cymes terminal, 3-parted. ' Nectary inserted in the edge of the projecting ring, which sur- rounds the ovary. Berry black, resembling a black currant, 6- seeded, when, dry 6-lobed. Hairy Leea. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1823. • Shrub C feet. 10 L. CRispA(Lin. mant. 1 24.) herbaceous ; stem and branches fringed at the angles ; leaves pinnate, with oblong, serrated leaflets; anthers free. Tf.. S. Native of the East Indies, common among bushes near Calcutta ; and of the Cape of Good Hope. L. pinnata, Andr. bot. rep. t. 355. — Rheed. mal. 2. p. 43. t. 26. Stems swelled above the joints. Leaflets usually 5, but in very luxuriant plants they are sometimes compound. Cymes small, a little hairy, 5-flowered. Flowers small, white. Urceolus of stamens with entire divisions, with the anthers lodged within its mouth. Berries round, size of a small cherry, when ripe smooth and black. Cttr/erf-stemmed Leea. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1767. Sh. 5 ft. 1 1 L. A'SPERA (Wall. fl. nep. mss.) leaves pinnate, with oblong, lanceolate, serrated, villous, rather scabrous leaflets; stem and branches rather curled at the angles ; anthers free. fj . S. Native of Nipaul. TfougA-leaved Leea. Shrub 6 feet. 12 L. /EQUA'TA (Lin. mant. 124.) stem round, pubescent; leaves pinnate, with lanceolate, acuminated, serrated leaflets, pubescent when young. 1? . S. Native of the East Indies. Leea hirsuta, Blum, bijdr. Corymbs trichotomous. Flowers small, greenish. Even Leea. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1777. Shrub 6 feet. * * * Leaves simple. 13 L. MACROPHY'LLA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 18. fl. ind. 2. p. 465.) herbaceous ; leaves simple, stalked, broad-cordate or lobed, posterior lobes overlapping each other ; cyme trichotomous ; root tuberous. Tf. . S. Native of the East Indies. Leaves from 1-2 feet long, and nearly as broad. Flowers numerous, small, white. Urceolus of stamens with entire divisions. Anthers inverted within the mouth of the urceolus. 'Berries much depressed, size of a small cherry, obscurely 6 or more lobed, with an equal number of cells, when ripe black and succulent. The root of this plant promises to yield a colour fit for dying ; its taste is astringent, and it is mucilaginous. Long-leaved Leea. Clt. 1806. PL 4 feet. Cult. These plants are scarcely worth cultivating, except in general collections. They will all thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, or any light, rich soil, and large cuttings root readily in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. VI. LASIANTHE'RA (from Xa$iwned. Long-stalked Crane's-bill. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823. PL 1 to 1-| foot. 45 G. MACULA'TUM (Lin. spec. 955.) stem rather angular, erect, dichotomous, covered with retrograde pubescence ; leaves 3-5-parted, with deeply-toothed lobes ; radical ones on long stalks, upper ones opposite, sessile ; petals obovate, entire ; fila° ments of stamens hardly ciliated at the base. I/ . H. Native of North America from Canada to Carolina, in shady woods and meadows. Cav. diss. 4. t. 86. f. 2. Bigel. am. med. bot. 1. p. 84. t. 8. — Sweet, ger. 332. Flowers pale-lilac, some- times as large as those of G. pratense, at others one-half smaller. This species is known in some parts of the mountains of North America by the name of alum root, on account of the astringent taste of its roots, which are very successfully employ- ed in curing the flux and dysentery among children, which is a disease very prevalent in those countries. It may be used in powder or in extract. Its doses are similar to those of kino, a drachm or two of the tincture, 20 or 30 grains of the powder, and a quantity somewhat less of the extract. The tincture forms an excellent external application in sore throats and ulcerations of the mouth. The experiments of D. Bigelow indicate the presence of tannin and gallic acid, the former in large quantities. The proportion of tannin seems considerably to exceed that of the kino. Alcohol and proof spirit readily dissolve the active constituents of the root. The tincture is the most convenient mode for keeping the article for use. Spotted Crane's-bill. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1732. PL 1± foot. 46 G. DAHURICUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 642.) stem erect, smooth, naked at the base ; cauline leaves opposite, 3-5-parted, with cut, acute lobes ; peduncles 3 times longer than the leaves, fruit bearing ones deflexed ; calyxes smoothish ; petals entire, much bearded at the base ; stamens awl-shaped, ciliated. }/ . H. Native of Dahuria in bogs. Root with elongated tubers in fasci- cles, as in G. aconitifolium, to which it is very nearly allied. Flowers pale-blue ? Dahurian Crane's-bill. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PL lifoot. 47 G. ACONITIFOHUM (Lher. ger. t. 40.) stem rather ascend- ing, smoothish ; leaves rather peltate, 7-9-parted, with jagged lobes ; peduncles and calyxes villous ; petals entire ; stamens awl-shaped, smoothish. y.. H. Native of the Alps of Dau- phiny and Switzerland by the sides of rivulets. G. rivulare, Vill. dauph. 3. t. 40. Roots fascicled. Flowers white, and full of purple lines, but are one-half smaller than those of G. pratense. Anthers purple. Stems rather ascending, not truly erect. Monk's-hood-leaved Crane's-bill. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1775. PL 1| foot. 48 G. BIFOLIUM (Patrin, ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 642.) stem smooth, erect, naked under the bifurcation ; radical leaves two, stalked, three times shorter than the stem, the rest opposite, and sessile, all of which are gftthed with pressed hairs, 7-parted, with linear, pinnate-toothed lobes ; calyxes clothed with close-pressed villi ; petals entire ; stamens ciliated. If. H. Native of Da- huria about Barnaoul. Flowers blue ? Two-leaved Crane's-bill. Fl. May, July. PI. 1 foot. 49 G. CJERU'LEUM (Patr. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 642.) stem smooth, naked at the base, dichotomous; cauline leaves oppo- site, 5-7-parted, with pinnate-cut, acute lobes ; calyxes very villous ; petals entire, scarcely puberulous at the base ; stamens ciliated. I/ . H. Native of Dahuria in fields. Flowers small, light-blue. This species is like the three preceding, in having the petals just a little longer than the calyx. Blue Crane's-bill. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1824. PL 1 foot. 50 G. CRISTA'TUM (Stev. mem. soc. hist. nat. mosc. 4. p. 50. t. 5.) stem flaccid, simple; leaves kidney-shaped, 7-lobed ; lobes trifid ; lobules 3-toothed ; peduncles elongated, and are, as well as the calyxes, hispid ; petals emarginate, larger than the calyx ; carpels crested, as in Onobrychis Cdput-Galli. If. . H. Native of Albania and Iberia at the river Jucharibasch. G. Albanum, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 137. Flowers purple. CVesfcrf-carpelled Crane's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820. PL 1 foot. GERANIACE.E. IV. GERANIUM. 719 51 G. PYRENAVICUM (Lin. mant. 97.) stem erect, branched ; leaves kidney-shaped, 7-lobed ; lobes oblong, blunt, trifid, with 3-toothed lobules ; floral leaves 3-parted ; petals emarginate, twice as long as the calyx; carpels keeled, pubescent. 1£. H. Native of Europe from Spain to Britain, in meadows and pas- tures. In England by a river between Bingley and Keighley, Yorkshire ; also near Enfield, and about Brompton Chelsea, and elsewhere near London. At East Winch and West Bilney, Norfolk ; also near Oxford. In Scotland, near Edinburgh, and near Forfar. Smith, engl. bot. t. 405. Curt. lond. fasc. 3. t. 42. Cav. diss. 4. p. 203. t. 79. f. 2. G. perenne, Huds. ed. 1. p. 265. Root fibrous. Leaves finely hairy, rather soft to the touch. Flowers light-purple, much larger than those of G. molle. There is also a white flowering variety. Pyrenean Crane's-bill. Fl. June, July. Britain. PL 2 to 3 feet. 52 G. UMBROSUM (Walds. et Kit. pi. hung. 2. p. 131. t. 124.) lower leaves 7-lobed, with the lobes lobed, upper leaves 3-5- lobed ; petals red, emarginate, or 2-lobed, twice the length of the calyx; carpels smooth. 1£. H. Native of Hungary. SAaded Crane's-bill. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1804. PI. 2 feet. 53 G. NEMOROSUM (Ten. cat. 1819. p. 60.) stem erect, branched ; leaves kidney-shaped, deeply 7-lobed, with trifid lobes and 3-toothed lobules ; petals entire, a little larger than the calyx ; carpels crested, pubescent when young. Tf. . H. Na- tive of Naples in groves. G. Pyrenaicum, var. y, nemorosum, D. C. prod. 1. p. 643. Flowers purplish-blue. Like G. pyre- ndicum, but differs in the petals being entire. Grove Crane's-bill. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. PI. 2 feet. ***** Stems decumbent or procumbent. 54 G. NIPAULE'NSE (D. C. prod. 1. p. 643.) stem procum- bent, villous ; leaves 5-lobed, villous ; lobes wedge-shaped, bluntly and unequally toothed ; peduncles elongated, and are, as well as the calyxes, pilose ; petals obovate, somewhat emarginate, scarcely exceeding the length of the calyx ; carpels pilose. %. H. Native of Nipaul on the shady banks of the river called Kuli-Khana. Sweet, ger. t. 12. G. rildicans, D. C. prod. 1. p. 639. ex D. Don, prod. p. 208. G. quinquenerve, Hamilt. mss. Flowers bright rose-coloured. G. radicans is said to root at the joints by De Candolle, and the leaves are said to be only 3-lobed, and the peduncles 1 -flowered; it is therefore probably a distinct species. Nipaul Crane's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. trailing. 55 G. PARVIFLORUM (Willd. enum. 716.) stem somewhat decumbent ; petioles, peduncles, and calyxes smooth ; cauline leaves opposite, 3-5-parted, with trifid, toothed lobes ; petals rather shorter than the calyx ; stamens smooth. If. . G. Na- tive of New Holland and Van Diemen's Land. Flowers small, of a bright lilac-colour. Petals entire. Small-flowered Crane's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. decumbent. 56 G. PILOSUM (Forst. prod. p. 531.) stem rather decumbent, branched ; petioles and peduncles hispid with spreading hairs ; leaves 3-5-parted, with the lobes divided into linear, obtuse, trifid segments ; calyxes ciliated ; stamens smoothish. If. . G. Native of New Zealand. Sweet, ger. t. 119. Petals obovate, rather emarginate, pale-purplish. Pilose Crane's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. decumb. 57 G. PALU'STRE (Lin. amcen. 4. p. 323.) stem decumbent, hispid from spreading hairs ; leaves 5-7-lobed ; lobes deeply toothed ; peduncles very long, rather hairy, with declinate pedi- cels ; petals entire ; stamens awl-shaped, smooth. l/.H. Na- tive from France to Dahuria in subsylvan meadows and marshes. Sweet, ger. t. 3. (Ed. fl. dan. t. 596. Cav. diss. 4. p. 211. t. 87. f. 2. Upper leaves 3-parted. Flowers purple, each petal marked with 3 brown nerves. Marsh Crane's-bill. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1 732. PL decumb. 58 G. C'OLLINUM (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 137. suppl. 455.) stem angular, diffuse, and somewhat decumbent, clothed with retro- grade pubescence; leaves palmately 5-parted, with somewhat 3-lobed lobes, deeply serrated ; peduncles and calyxes covered with clammy villi ; petals entire, roundish, hardly longer than the calyx ; stamens awl-shaped, smooth. 7{. . H. Native of Tauria and Caucasus, in mountain meadows. Flowers purplish- blue ; anthers violet. The varieties of this species are truly intricate, and are not sufficiently defined. Hill Crane's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1815. PI. rather decumbent. 59 G. WALLICHIA'NUM (D. Don. in bot. mag. t. 2377.) stem decumbent, purple ; leaves 5-parted, with broadly cuneated- ovate, deeply toothed lobes, clothed on both surfaces as well as the stem with silky villi ; stipulas ovate, obtuse ; petals emar- ginate ; stigmas very long. Ij. . H. Native of Nipaul in Go- saignsthan. Sweet, ger. t. 90. Flowers large, purple. The whole plant is clothed with silky villi. Leaves opposite. Wallich's Crane's-bill. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1820. PL de- cumbent. 60 G. LAMBE'RTI (Sweet, ger. t. 338.) stem diffuse, genicu- lately-branched, elongated ; leaves opposite, cordate, 5-lobed, pilose on both surfaces, soft ; lobes wedge-shaped, cut, bluntly toothed ; peduncles 2-flowered ; calyxes mucronate ; petals large, roundish-ovate, concave, and veiny. I/. . H. Native of Nipaul. Flowers large, lilac. Filaments beset with white hairs. Lambert's Crane's-bill. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1824. PL de- cumbent. 61 G. VLASSOVIA'NUM (Hort. and D. C. in mem. soc. gen. 1. p. 441.) stem round, decumbent; leaves with 5 oval, acu- minated, deeply toothed lobes ; upper leaves 3-lobed ; stipulas distinct ; petals obovate, entire. I/ . H. Native of Siberia ? Sweet, ger. t. 228. Flowers pink and beautifully variegated with darker veins, like those of G. striatum. Vlassove's Crane's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820. PL de- cumbent. 62 G. STRIA'TUM (Lin. amcen. p. 282.) stem round, decum- bent ; lower leaves 5-lobed, upper ones 3-lobed ; lobes ovate, acute, deeply toothed ; stipulas free ; petals emarginately 2- lobed. If. . H. Native of Italy and Greece. Cav. diss. 4. t. 79. f. 1. Curt. bot. mag. t. 55. Delaum. herb. amat. t. 9. Flowers pink, beautifully striped with darker veins. Carpels villous at the base. Leaves spotted with brown at the recesses. Striped-flowered. Crane's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1629. PL decumbent. § 3. Annual species with 2-flowered peduncles. 63 G. MOLLE (Lin. spec. 955.) leaves kidney-shaped, radical ones 9-lobed, cauline ones 7-lobed; petals bifid, length of awn- less calyx ; carpels smoothish, 'wrinkled ; seeds even. © . H. Native of Europe, in cultivated and waste ground, meadows, pastures and by way-sides every where ; plentiful in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 778. Curt. lond. fasc. 2. t. 50. CEd. fl. dan. t. 6|9. Cav. diss. 4. p. 203. t. 83. f. 3. G. columbinum, Ray. synV'359. Herb of a light hoary green, downy all over with fine soft hairs. Flowers rather small, light reddish-purple. Soft or Common Dove's-foot Crane's-bill. Fl. April, Aug. Britain. PL | to 2 feet. 64 G. PUSI'LLUM (Lin. spec. 957.) leaves rather kidney- shaped, with 7 trifid lobes ; petals emarginate, length of awn- less calyx ; carpels pubescent, keeled, not wrinkled ; seeds even ; anthers only 5. Q. H. Native of Europe in gravelly fields 720 GERANIACE^. IV. GERANIUM. and waste grounds, very common ; plentiful in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 385. Cav. diss. 4. p. 202. t. 83. f. 1. G. molle A, Huds. ed. 2. p. 303. G. parviflorum, Curt. lond. fasc. 6. t. SC>. G. malvsefolium, Scop. earn. 2. p. 37. Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. ]g. — Vaill. par. 79. t. 15. f. 1. Habit and pubescence much like the last species, but smaller in every part. Flowers small, bluish-purple. Var. ft, hiLmile (Cav. diss. 4. t. 83. f. 2.) leaves more finely cut, and stems dwarfer. Q. H. Growing with the species G. pusillum, Burm. ger. 27. ^matt-flowered Crane's-bill. Fl. Ju. Sept. Brit. PI. | to | ft. 65 G. ROTUNDIFOLIUM (Lin. spec. 957.) radical leaves kid- ney-shaped, 7-lobed, cauline ones roundish, truncate at the base, 5-lobed ; lobes trifid ; petals entire, length of awned calyx ; carpels hairy; seeds reticulated. O- H. Native of Europe in waste ground and barren pastures, as also on walls and banks. In Britain, but rather rare. About Bath, Bristol, and London ; at Hackney and Islington, and at Ghurch Bramton, Northamptonshire, common in Suffolk, &c. Smith, engl. bot. t. 157. Cav. diss. 4. p. 214. t. 93. f.2. G. malvaceum a, Burm. ger. 24. The whole herb is peculiarly soft, like velvet, with a con- siderable degree of viscidity noticed by Haller. In general appearance it most resembles the usual state of G. molle. Flowers small, reddish-purple. Round-leaved Crane's-bill. Fl. Ju.Jul. Brit. PI. -| to 1 ft. 66 G. A'LBICANS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 103.) radical leaves kid- ney-shaped, orbicular, deeply 5-7-cleft, covered with adpressed pili ; upper leaves truncate at the base ; petals hardly emarginate, a little longer than the calyx ; carpels obovate, pilosely-pubes- cent; seeds reticulated. 0. H. Native of Brazil in the provinces of Cisplatine and Rio Grande do Sul. Stems diffuse, hairy, as well as the peduncles and petioles. Petals pale-purple, ciliated at the claws. Filaments villous. Whitish-}ea.ved Crane's-bill. Fl. June, July. PL spreading. 67 G. PA'LLENS (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 138.) lower leaves stalked, upper ones sessile, palmately 5-parted, with 3-lobed lobes ; petals entire, a little longer than the awned calyx ; car- pels hairy; seeds reticulated. Q. H. Native of Western Iberia. Habit and pubescence much like that of G. rotundi- folium. Flowers small, reddish-purple, or almost white. Pafe-flowered Crane's-bill. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1827. PI. ^ to 1 foot. 68 G. COLUMBINUM (Lin. spec. 959.) leaves 5-parted, with multifid, linear-lobes ; petals emarginate, length of awned calyx ; carpels smooth, even ; seeds reticulated. Q. H. Native of Europe in corn-fields and hedges; in Britain in fields, or on dry banks on a gravelly or limestone soil, but sparingly. Smith, engl. bot. t. 259. Cav. diss. 4. p. 200. t. 82. f. 1. CEd. fl. dan. t. 1222. The whole herb is slender, mostly procum- bent, bright green, clothed with small, rigid, bristly hairs, those of the stem and stalks pointing downwards, the rest upwards. Flowers of a bluish rose-colour. Columbine Crane's-bill. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. pro- cumbent, seldom erect. 69 G. DISSE'CTUM (Lin. spec. 956.) leaves 5-7-parted, with trifid, linear lobes ; petals emarginate, length of awned calyx ; carpels pilose; seeds reticulated. Q. H. Native of Europe and Iberia on barren gravelly waste ground, hedgeSfgnd fallow fields; plentiful in Britain; also of North AmerBF in fields near New York. Smith, engl. bot. t. 753. Curt. ft. lond. fasc. 6. t. 45. Cav. diss. 4. p. 199. t. 78. f. 2. CEd. fl. dan. t. 936. Stems weak, straggling, "rather angular, beset with deflexed hairs. Leaves hairy. Flowers pale-crimson, rather small. Dissected-lezved Crane's-bill. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. 1 foot long. 70 G. CAROLINIA'NUM (Lin. spec. 956.) leaves divided into 5 lobes beyond the middle, with the lobes deeply 3-5-cleft ; peduncles crowded at the apex of the branches ; petals emargi- nate, length of awned calyx ; carpels hairy ; seeds even, smooth. O- H. Native of North America in fields, from Virginia to Georgia. Cav. diss. 4. t. 84. f. 1. and t. 124. f. 2. G. lanugi- nosum, Jacq. hort. schcenbr. 2. t. 140. differs in the stem, pe- tioles, and peduncles being hispid, and in the petals being pur- plish. Flowers small, white, with red veins. Carolina Crane's-bill. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1725. PI. 1 ft. 71 G. VILLOSUM (Ten. cat. 1819. p. 60.) leaves orbicular, cor- date, divided into 9 trifid, blunt lobes ; corolla twice the length of the calyx; petals emarginate ; stem erect. G,. H. Native of Naples in the marshes of Sila. Flowers red. fillous Crane's-bill. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. | foot. 72 G. RETRO'RSUM (Lher. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 644.) leaves 5-parted, with trifid, somewhat linear lobes, and 3-toothed, blunt lobules ; hairs of stems pressed downwards ; petals blunt, hardly longer than the awned calyx ; carpels villous ; seeds reticulated ? O- H. Native of New Zealand. Flowers red. Retrograde-haired Crane's-bill. PI. ^ foot. 73 G. BOHE'MICUM (Lin. amcen. 4. p. 323.) leaves 5-lobed ; lobes cuneately-ovate, deeply -toothed ; hairs of stem spreading, hispid ; petals emarginate, length of the long awned calyx ; car- pels hairy; seeds even,' smooth. O- H. Native of Bohemia, 'Silesia, and Valais, in mountain-woods — G. lanuginbsum, Lam. diet. 2. p. 655. is a native of Numidia, and agrees with this species according to the description. — Cav. diss. 4. p. 206. t. 81. f. 2.— Dill. elth. t. 133. f. 160. The whole herb is downy and viscid. Flowers rather large, bluish-purple. Bohemian Crane's-bill. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1683. PI. £ft. 74 G. DIVARICA'TUM (Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 164.) leaves 5-lobed, upper ones 3-lobed ; lobes oblong, coarsely and irregularly tooth- ed ; stem hispid, with spreading hairs ; petals emarginate, rather longer than the calyx, which is a little awned ; carpels scabrous, wrinkled above ; seeds even, smooth. O-H. Native of Hun- gary, Valais, and Caucasus. Walds. et Kit. pi. hung. 2. t. 123. G. novum, Wint. icon. t. 2. G. Winterli, Roth. cat. 2. p. 78. Flowers small, purplish. Divaricated Crane's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1799. to 1 foot, decumbent. 75 G. LUVCIDUM (Lin. spec. 955.) plant quite smooth ; leaves roundish, 5-lobed, shining; calyx pyramidal, angular, trans- versely wrinkled; carpels muricated, triply keeled. Q. H. Native of Europe on walls, cottage roofs, and moist rocks, chiefly in mountainous parts ; plentiful in several parts of Bri- tain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 75. Hook. fl. lond. t. 32. Oed. fl. dan. t. 218. Cav. diss. 4. p. 214. t. 80. f. 2. Herb shining, succulent, turning bright red when exposed to the sun, quite smooth, except a few variable scattered hairs on the foliage. Stems spreading in every direction. Flowers small, bright rose- coloured. Shining Crane's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Britain. PI. ^ to 1 ft. 76 G. ROBERTIA'NUM (Lin. spec. 955.) leaves 3-5-parted, with trifid, pinnatifid lobes ; petals entire, twice the length of the angular, awned calyx ; carpels downy, reticulately-wrinkled, sim- ply-keeled ; seeds even, smooth. Q. H. Native of Europe in waste ground, on walls, banks, and under hedges, frequent ; plentiful in Britain. It is also to be found in Brazil and Chili. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1486. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 1. t. 52. Cav. diss. 4. p. 215. t. 86. f. 1. Oed. fl. dan. t. 694. Stems spreading in every direction, and partly recumbent, red, brittle, and succulent, a little hairy at one side. Flowers small, bright crimson. Calyx brownish, hairy, with 10 angles when closed. The whole herb has a strong disagreeable smell. Bugs are said to avoid it. In autumn it assumes a deep-red hue. A decoc- tion of the herb has been known to give relief in calculous cases. Pl.|- GERANIACE.E. IV. GERANIUM. V. ERODIUM. 721 It is considerably astringent, and is given to cattle when they make bloody water, or have the bloody flux. Var. ft, maritimum ; leaves more shining, as well as more fleshy. ©• H. Native of Britain, near the sea in Dorsetshire, Selsy Island, Sussex. Flowers deep-crimson. Var. y, inclsum (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 102.) stems shorter, more diffuse, and more hairy ; leaves more cut and smaller. In Brazil. Var. S, albiflorum; flowers white. Q. H. Native of En- gland, on rocks near Bristol. G. Briceanum, Sweet, hort. brit. Herb Robert or Stinking Crane's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Britain. PI. ^ to | foot. 75 G. PURPU'REUM (Vill. dauph. 8. p. 374. t. 40.) hairy ; leaves 3-5-parted, with trifid, pinnatifid lobes ; petals entire, a little longer than the angular, awned calyx ; carpels transversely wrinkled ; seeds even, smooth. $ . H. Native of Dauphiny, on rocks. G. Robertianum ft, purpureum, D. C. prod. 1. p. C 14. Stem ascending. Flowers bright-crimson. Very like the preceding, but is easily distinguished by the leaves being 5 times smaller ; petals shorter ; carpels with 3 transverse wrinkles each. Herb with a strong disagreeable scent. Purple Herb-Robert or Crane's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1819. PI. | foot. 76 G. MOSQUJE'NSE (Goldb. mem. soc. mosc. 5. p. 133.) stem erect, corymbosely-panicled ; leaves 3-5-parted, with very nar- row, cuspidate segments ; petals entire, longer than the calyx. O- H. Native of Russia, in marshes about Moscow. Herb with a very faint smell. It differs from G. Robertianum in the stem being corymbosely-panicled, erect, not dichotomous, nor diffuse, and with the segments of the leaves much narrower, cus- pidate, not obtuse. Moscow Herb-Robert or Crane's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. PI. 1 foot. 77 G. INODORUM ; diffuse, hairy ; leaves opposite, ternate, and quinate, trifidly-pinnatifid ; peduncles 2-flowered ; petals entire, twice the length of the awned calyx ; carpels reticulated. $ . H. Native of North America, from New York to Virginia, in shady moist places on rocks. G. Robertianum, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 449. Flowers pale-red. Like the four pre- ceding species, but without that strong disagreeable smell. Scentless Herb-Robert or Crane's-bill. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1800. PI. \ foot. Species not well known. 78 G. RANUNCULOIDES (Burni. ger. no. 4.) peduncles very long, 1 -flowered ; leaves orbicular, multifid ; root tuberous; branches dichotomous. I/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This species is probably distinct from G. canescens. Cronfoot-like Crane's-bill. PI. 79 G. LUPINOIDES (Burm. ger. no. 65.) peduncles radical, twin, bifid, twice the length of the petioles ; leaves orbicular, cut, downy ; lobes linear. T£ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.— Pluk. t. 1 86. f. 3. This species comes near to G. ar- genteum. Lupine-like Crane's-bill. PI. J foot. Cult. The hardy, perennial, herbaceous kinds of Geranium are mostly beautiful plants, with shewy flowers, of various hues ; these are well adapted for ornamenting flower-borders ; they will thrive well in any common garden soil, except the G. argen- teum and the Nipaul species, which should be grown on rock- work or in pots, in order that they may be protected during winter. A mixture of loam, peat, and a little sand, will suit these last well. The green-house and frame species will thrive best in a mixture of loam and peat, or any light vegetable soil ; these are readily increased by cuttings, planted in the same kind of soil, or from cuttings of the roots, but the hardy herbaceous, VOL. i. — PART vin. perennial kinds are to be increased by dividing the plants at the root in spring or autumn, and the whole may be increased by seeds, which ripen in abundance. The annual kinds are in general not so shewy as the perennial species ; the seeds of them only require to be sown in the open border early in spring. V. ERO'DIUM (from tpw&oe, erodios, a heron ; form of carpels resembling the head and beak). Lher. ger. icon, et text, ined. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 838. prod. 1. p. 644. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Pentandria, Calyx of 5 ovate, glan- dular, pointed, concave, permanent sepals. Petals 5, regular or irregular. Stamens 10, monadelphous at the base, 5 of which are fertile, the alternate 5 sterile, with a gland at the base of each of the sterile filaments. Awns of carpels bearded on the inside, and at length spirally twisted, adhering by their points to the top of the style — Herbs or subshrubs. Leaves various in form. Stipulas membranous. Peduncles generally many- flowered, very seldom 1-flowered. Every part of the plants, when bruised, emit a strong peculiar odour. § 1 . Leaves pinnate or pinnatijid. * Slemless. 1 E. TATA'RICUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 625.) stemless ; pedun- cles usually 2-flowered ; leaves pubescent, pinnate ; leaflets pin- natifid, with linear lobes ; rachis naked between the segments ; petals obovate, twice as long as the calyx. T(.. H. Native of Tartary and Ulterior Siberia. Root about the thickness of the little finger. Flowers blue or violet. Tartarian Heron's-bill. PI. \ foot. 2 E. SUPRACA'NUM (Lher. ger. t. 2.) stemless ; peduncles 2-4-flowered ; leaves hoary above, pinnate, with pinnatifid leaflets, and lanceolate-linear lobes ; rachis toothed between the segments ; petals retuse, twice as long as the calyx, "if. . H. Native of Spain near Barcelona on rocks in the mountains. Geranium rupestre, Cav. diss. 4. t. 90. f. 4. Root thick, woody. Flowers bluish-purple. ffoary-above-leaved Heron's-bill. PI. ^ foot. •3 E. PETRJE'UM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 625.) stemless ; peduncles many-flowered ; leaves smoothish, pinnate, with pinnatifid seg- ments and lanceolate-linear lobes ; rachis toothed between the segments ; petals retuse, twice as long as the calyx. If. . H. Native of the south of France on dry exposed rocks. Geranium petrae'um, Gouan. ill. 45. t. 21. f. 1. Cav. diss. 4. p. 224. t. 96. f. 2. Geranium fee tidum, Park, theatr. 709. E. fce'tidum, Lher. ger. ined. no. 6. Leaves smoothish. Peduncles and petioles beset with spreading hairs. Flowers purple. Var. ft, crispum (Lapeyr. abr. 390.) leaves more villous, and more curled. If.. H. Native of the Pyrenees on rocks. Var. y, lucidum (Lapeyr. abr. 390.) leaves smooth. I/ . H. Native of the Pyrenees on rocks. Rock Heron's-bill. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1640. PI. -1 foot. 4 E. GLANDULOSUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 628.) stemless ; pe- duncles many-flowered ; leaves clothed with glandular pubes- cence, pinnate, with bipinnatifid segments and lanceolate linear lobes ; rachis toothed between the segments ; petals somewhat equal, twice'the length of the calyx. * I/ . H. Native of Spain and the Pyrenees. E. macradenum, Lher. ger. t. 1. Geranium glandulosunr, Cav. diss. 5. t. 125. f. 2. Geranium radicatum, Lapeyr. pyr. t. 1 . Corolla pale-violet ; petals acute, the two broadest ones dark-purple at the base, and with branched lines. Glandular Heron's-bill. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1798. PI. | ft. 5 E. TRICHOMANEFOLIUM (Lher. ined. no. 3. D. C. prod. 1. p. 645.) stemless ; peduncles 4-flowered ; leaves hairy, rather glandular, bipinnate, with oblong-linear lobules ; petals blunt, a little longer than the calyx. If. . H. Native of mount Libanon. Flowers flesh-coloured, and marked with darker lines. 4 Z 722 GERANIACE.E. V. ERODIUM. Maiden-hair-leaved Heron's-bill. PI. £ foot. 6 E. VRJE cox (Cav. dis£. 5. t. 126. f. 2.) stemless ; peduncles 2-flowered; leaves pinnate, with oblong, obtuse, unequally- toothed leaflets, clothed with white hairs all over. If.. H. Na- tive of Spain between Aranjuez and Lake Antigola. E. cicu- tarium a prae'cox, D. C. prod. 1. p. 646. Flowers rose-coloured, with darker lines at the base. This species comes very near E. pimpinellaefolium, but differs in being without the stem, as well as in being clothed with white hairs. Early Heron's-bill. PI. \ foot. * * Species almost without stems. 7 E. CHRYSA'NTHUM (Lher. ined. no. 2. D. C. prod. 1. p. 645.) almost stemless ; peduncles 3-4-flowered ; leaves clothed with close-pressed silky down, bipinnate, with linear lobules ; petals roundish, longer than the calyx. i;.H. Native of mount Parnassus, and probably of mount Olympus. E. absinthioides, Smith, fl. graec. t. 652. ex prod. 2. p. 34. A very distinct spe- cies, with yellow flowers. Yellorv-jlon'ered Heron's-bill. PL -| foot. 8 E. ROMA'NUM (Willd. spec. 1. p. 630.) almost stemless ; leaves pinnate, with ovate pinnatifid leaflets ; peduncles many- flowered ; petals equal, longer than the calyx. !(. . H. Native of Montpelier and Italy, by way-sides. Geranium Romanum, Lin. spec. 951. Cav. diss. 4. t. 94. f. 2. — Barrel, icon. rar. 1. 1245. Root thick, red within. Flowers purple. Resembles E. cicu- tarium. Roman Heron's-bill. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1724. PL £ foot. 9 E. CAUCALIFOLIUM (Sweet, ger. t. 6.) stemless ; peduncles many-flowered ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets alternate, on short stalks, pinnatifid, or deeply toothed ; common petiole naked, hairy ; petals ovate, obtuse, densely-ciliated at the base, twice the length of the calyx. I/ . H. Native of France. E. alpi- num, Desf. hort. par. Root tuberous. Flowers rose-coloured, with a blue centre. Resembles E. Romanum. Caucalus-leaved Heron's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1816. PI. | foot. 10 E. CICUT^FOLIUM (Thuil. fl. par. ed. 2. p. 347.) almost stemless ; leaves pinnate, with sessile, oblong, bluntly-cut leaf- lets ; rachis toothed between the leaflets ; petals length of calyx, 2 of which are somewhat emarginate. O- H. Native of France in dry exposed places. E. cicutarium e, cicutsefolium, D. C. prod. 1. p. 647. Flowers pale-red or rose-coloured. Cicuta-leaved Heron's-bill. Fl. Ap. Sept. Clt. 1816. PL |ft. * Stems prostrate or procumbent. 11 E. CICUTA' RIUM (Leman, ind. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. .840.) stem procumbent, hairy ; leaves pinnate, with sessile pinnatifid- cut leaflets ; peduncles many-flowered ; petals nearly regular. O- H. Native throughout the whole of Europe, north of Africa, and the Levant, in waste ground, and among rubbish ; plentiful in Britain ; also about Conception in Chili. Smith, engl. hot. t. 1768. Geranium cicutarium, Lin. spec. 951. Curt, fl. lond. fasc. 1. t. 51. Petals rose-coloured, with 3 dark lines at the base, nearly regular. Awns of carpels smooth. Var. ft, album ; stem prostrate, hairy ; flowers white ; petals unequal. O. H. Native of Britain by the sea-side, in barren sandy places. Far. y, pimpinellcefblium ; flowers rose-coloured, with 2 or 3 of the petals marked with a green depression towards the claw, but this circumstance is extremely variable. Q. H. Native of England, near Hackney , about Oxford. On sandy ground near the sea, or on chalky ground. Var. e, clitzrophyllum (Cav. diss. 4. t. 95. f. 1.) plant many- stemmed, rather prostrate ; leaflets finely pinnatifid ; flowers pale- blue ; petals rather unequal. ©• H. Native of Europe in dry stony places. Awns of carpels bearded. 1 Var. £, pilosum (Thuil. fl. par. ed. 2. p. 347.) plant many- stemmed, rather prostrate, clothed with long hairs ; leaflets finely pinnatifid; flowers deep-purple. O- H. Native of Europe, in sandy places. Hemlock Heron's-bill. Fl. June, Oct. Britain. PI. prostrate. 12 E. PIMPINELL^FOLIUM (Cav. diss. 4. t. 126. f. 1.) stem decumbent, rather pilose, at length rather erect ; leaves on long petioles, pinnate ; leaflets sessile, pinnatifid, acutely-cut ; pe- duncles many-flowered ; petals hardly longer than the calyx. $ . H. Native of France and Germany in barren places. Ge- ranium cicutarium fi, pimpinellaefolium, D. C. prod. 1. p. 646. Flowers purple. This species is very like E. cicutarium, but differs in the cotyledons being cordate, undivided, not 3-lobed, as well as the leaflets being broader at the base, and in the petals being smaller, or equal in length to the calyx, not longer. Pimpernell-leaved Heron's-bill. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1800. PI. decumbent. 13 E. BIPINNA'TUM (Cav. diss. 5. t. 126. f. 3.) stem diffuse, decumbent, smooth ; leaves pinnate, with deeply-bipinnatifid leaf- lets, divided into linear lobes ; peduncles 2-flowered ; petals un- equal. O- H. Native of Numidia in sandy places. G. Nu- midicum, Poir. barb. 2. p. 101. E. Petroselinum, Lher. diss. no. 9. Geranium Jithiopicum, Lam. diet. 2. p. 655. E. cicu- tarium var. f, bipinnatum, D. C. prod. 1. p. 647. Flowers rose- coloured. This species differs from E. cicutarium, in the stems being smooth, as well as in the leaflets being divided into very narrow lobes. Bipinnate-}ea.ve& Heron's-bill. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1803. PI. decumbent. 14 E. HI'SPIDUM (Presl. fl. cech. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. .) stem prostrate, clothed with retrograde bristles ; leaves bipinnatifid, hoary from pubescence on both surfaces ; segments linear, acute ; stipulas ovate, scarious ; peduncles many-flowered ; petals about equal in length with the calyx. O 1 H. Native of Sicily. Ge- ranium laciniatum, Biv. pi. sic. Flowers blue ? Hispid-stemmed Heron's-bill. Fl. June, July. PL prostrate. 15 E. MOSCHA'TUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 631.) stem procumbent, hairy ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets nearly sessile, elliptical, unequally cut ; peduncles many-flowered, clothed with glandular pubes- cence; perfect stamens toothed at the base. Q. H. Native of Europe, north of Africa, also of Peru, and at the Cape of Good Hope, in mountainous pastures. In Britain between Bristol and St. Vincent's rocks ; very common in Craven, Yorkshire ; on Shotover hill, near Oxford ; on Ampthill Warren, Bedford- shire. Smith, engl. hot. t. 902. Geranium moschatum, Lin. spec. 951. Jacq. hort. vind. 1. t. 55. Cav. diss. t. 94. f. 1. This species is nearly akin to E. cicutarium, but differing in the larger paler leaflets, much less deeply cut, and in the powerful musky smell, as well as the greater viscidity of the whole herb- age. Flowers rose-coloured. There is a variety of this which is smooth, except the stem and ribs of the leaves, which are clothed with glandular pubescence. Musky Heron's-bill. Fl. June, July. Britain. PL trailing, 16 E. LACINIA'TUM (Cav. diss. 4. p. 228. t. 113. f. 3.) plant smooth ; stem prostrate, diffuse ; leaves trifidly bipinnatifid ; lo- bules linear, acute, lower leaves usually 3-lobed ; stipulas and bracteas ovate, scarious ; peduncles many-flowered. O-H. Na- tive of the south of Europe from Crete to Spain. Geranium laci- niatum, Desf. all. 2. p. 1 10. There are two varieties of this species. The first with the leaves all jagged. G. laciniatum, Lher. ined. no. 15. The second with the lower leaves 3-lobed. G. diphyllum, Lher. ined. no. 18. Petals blue, a little longer than the calyx. Jagged-]eaved Heron's-bill. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1794. PL prostrate. 17 E. MILLEFOLIUM (Willd. in H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. arner. 5. p. 228.) steins procumbent, diffuse, hispid ; leaves bi- GERANIACE^E. V. ERODIUM. 723 pinnatifid, with toothed, acuminated segments, hispid beneath ; stipulas ovate; peduncles many-flowered. O- H. Native of South America, at the bottom of the burning mountain of Coto- paxi. Flowers violet. Thousand-leaved Heron's-bill. Fl. Ju. Jul. PI. procumbent. 1 8 E. MORANE'NSE ( Willd. in H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 228.) stems procumbent, hairy ; leaves bipinnatifid, acute, hairy beneath ; peduncles many-flowered. 0. H. Native of Mexico, near Moran. Flowers violet. Moran Heron's-bill. Fl. June, July. PI. procumbent. * Stems erect, diffuse, or ascending. 19 E. ABSINTHOIDES (Willd. spec. 3. p. 627.) stem ascend- ing ; peduncles usually 4-flowered ; leaves rather pubescent, bi- pinnate, with linear, acute lobules ; rachis toothed ; petals ob- tuse, emarginate, larger than the calyx. If.. H. Native of Armenia. — Tourn. cor. 20. no. 5. Lher. ger. ined. no. 1. Stem simple. Root thick. Leaves resembling those of Artemesia absinthium, hoary. Flowers purple ? Wormwood-like Heron's-bill, PI. -j foot. 20 E. FHMARIOI'DES (Stev. mem. soc. mosc. 4. p. 49.) stem ascending ; peduncles usually 4-flowered ; leaves rather pubes- cent, bipinnate, with linear, obtuse leaflets ; rachis toothed ; petals emarginate, a little larger than the calyx. % . H. Native of Eastern Caucasus, by the sides of rivulets. Flowers violet- coloured, obscurely striped. This species is probably not suffi- ciently distinct from the preceding. Fumitory-like Heron's-bill. PI. -j foot. 21 E. PULVERULE'NTUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 632.) stem decum- bent at first, but at length becoming erect, hoary with crowded short down ; peduncles many-flowered ; petals obtuse, a little longer than the calyx ; leaves pinnatifid, hoary, with cut or toothed segments. If. . H. Native of Spain, on little sandy hills, between Aranjuez and Lake Antigola. Geranium pulverulen- tum, Cav. diss. 5. p. 272. t. 125. f. 1. E. pulverulentum ft, Hispanicum, D. C. prod. 1. p. 655. Flowers pale-violet. Pe- duncles 4-5-flowered. Powdery Heron's-bill. PI. ^ foot. 22 E. TUNETA'NUM ; stem reclinately erect, hoary with crowded short down, as well as the leaves, which are bipinnate, with finely cut lobules ; peduncles 7-8-flowered ; petals obtuse, a little longer than the calyx. I/ . H. Native of North Africa, in sandy places near Cafsa. Geranium pulverulentum, Desf. atl. 2. p. 111. E. pulverulentum, Lher. ined. no. 4. E. pul- verulentum a, Tunet&num, D. C. prod. 1. p. 645. Tunis Heron's-bill. PI. 1 foot. 23 E. ANTHEMIDIFOLIUM (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 131.) stems branched, diffuse ; peduncles many-flowered, hispid from rather clammy, short down ; leaves clothed with hoary pubescence, bipinnate, with linear lobules ; rachis toothed ; petals rather emarginate, longer than the calyx. If. . H. Native of western Iberia. Flowers bluish. Anthemis-leaved Heron's-bill. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl.|ft. 24 E. STEPHANIA'NUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 625.) stemvillous, branched ; peduncles 2-5-flowered ; leaves smoothish, bipinna- tifid ; lobes decurrent ; lobules linear ; petals obtuse, hardly longer than the long-pointed sepals. %. H. Native of Dahuria on hills, and in the desert of the Kirghises. Geranium multifi- dum, Patr. ined. Flowers blue. Lower lobes of leaves almost palmate-parted. Stephen's Heron's-bill. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 25 E. ALPI'NUM (Lher. ger. t. 3.) stem smoothish, branched ; peduncles many-flowered ; leaves smoothish, bipinnatifid ; rachis toothed ; lobules linear ; petals obtuse, longer than the long- pointed sepals. I/ . H. Native of the mountains of Italy and Greece. 'Geranium alpinum, Burm. ger. no. 31. Cav, diss. 4. p. 229. t. 96. f. 1. Root tuberous. Flowers purple. Alpine Heron's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1814. PI. 1 foot. 26 E. STEVEVNI (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 132.) stem diffuse, rather hoary ; peduncles usually 3-flowered ; leaves smoothish, pinnate ; leaflets bipinnatifid, alternate, entire, and trifid ; petals obtuse, twice the length of the calyx. If. . H. Native of Cape Caucasus. Flowers bluish. Segments of leaves linear. Steven's Heron's-bill. PL ! to 1 foot. 27 E. STYLA'TUM (Leman, in herb. D. C. prod. 1. p. 646.) stem smoothish, diffuse ; peduncles 3-4-flowered ; leaves smooth, bipinnate ; lobules linear ; rachis entire ; sepals and beaks of carpels downy ; style very long. l/.H. Native of ? One of the petals is shorter than the calyx. This is a very distinct species, with the habit of Grielum. Flowers bluish-purple ? Long-styled Heron's-bill. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. PI. £ ft. 28 E. CRASSIFOLIUM (Desf. atl. 2. p. 111.) stem branched, diffuse, puberulous ; leaves thick, pinnately jagged, with linear lobules ; peduncles 2-4-flowered ; bracteas ovate, scarious ; awns of carpels very long, feathery. Tf. . H. Native of North Africa in sandy places near Cafsa. Sweet, ger. t. 111. Leaves smooth. Petals equal, rose-coloured or blue. Var. ft, salinarium (Sibth. ined. in herb. Lher. D. C. prod. 1. p. 646.) leaves pubescent. If.. H. Native of the Island of Cyprus, near the salt marshes of Arnaca. E. crassifolium, Lher. ined. no 5. Flowers blue? Thick-leaved Heron's-bill. Fl. Mar. Aug. Clt. 1788. PL! ft. 29 E. HIRTUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 632.) stem branched, dif- fuse, villous ; leaves hairy, somewhat bipinnate, with lanceolate, acute lobules ; stipulas lanceolate ; peduncles many-flowered, clothed with glandular hairs. If. . H. Native of Egypt. Ge- ranium hirtum, Forsk, descr. 123. Jacq. eclog. 1. p. 85. t. 58. Root woody. Flowers violet. Hairy Heron's-bill. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PL | foot. 30 E. CICONIUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 629.) stem ascending, and is as well as the leaves rather villous ; leaves pinnate, with blunt pinnatifid, toothed leaflets ; rachis toothed between the seg- ments; peduncles many-flowered; petals length of calyx, 2 of which are rather emarginate. (•)• H. Native in the region of the Mediterranean, in fields among rubbish. Geranium ci- conium, Lin. spec. 952. Jacq. hort. vind. 1. p. 7. t. 18. Cav. diss. 4. p. 228. t. 95. f. 2. — Colum. ecphr. 1. p. 136. t. 135. Flowers blue. Sepals with long points. Var. ft, er&ctum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 464.) stem erect. O- H. Native of Tauria. Stork's Heron's-bill. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1711. PL 1 foot. 31 E. TORDYLIOIDES (Lher. ined. no. 14. D. C. prod. 1. p. 647.) caulescent, but sometimes almost stemless ; leaves villous, pinnate, with ovate lobed, sharply toothed leaflets ; pe- duncles many-flowered, very long. % . H. Native of Algiers in the fissures of rocks. Geranium tordylioides, Desf. atl. 2. p. 107. Calyxes striated, awned. Petals pale-blue. Tordylium-like Heron's-bill. PL 1 foot. 32 E. BOTRYS (Bert, amcen. itin. p. 35.) stem hispid from rather trigonal bristles ; leaves sinuately-pinnatifid ; lobes blunt, toothed ; peduncles 2-4-flowered ; calyx pubescent, with short- pointed sepals. O- H. Native of the south of Italy, Corsica, and Mauritania. E. gruinum ft, Willd. spec. 3. p. 634. Ge- ranium botrys, Cav. diss. 4. t. 90. f. 2. — Bocc. mus. 2. p. 145. t. 109. Stems diffuse and erect. Leaves more or less cut. Bristles on the lower part of the stem reflexed. Flowers blush. Grape Heron's-bill. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. j ft. § 2. Leaves somewhat 3-lobed or undivided. * Stems diffuse or erect. 33 E. MURCINUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 636.) stems diffuse, 4 z 2 724 GERANIACE^E. V. ERODIUM. smooth, branched ; leaves pinnatifid, somewhat 3-parted, lobes blunt, crenated, middle one longest ; peduncles many -flowered ; calyxes streaked with lines. Q. H. Native of Spain in the province of Murcia and of the north of Africa. Geranium Murcinum, Cav. diss. 5. t. 126. f. 1. Resembles E. botrys. Flowers purple. Plant rather hoary. Murcia Heron's-bill. Fl.June, Jul. Clt. 1818. PL £ foot. 34 E. GRUINUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 633. exclusive of var. /3.) stem erect, pilose; leaves ternate, with deeply-toothed leaflets, lower ones divaricating, middle one longest ; peduncles many-flowered; calyxes streaked with nerves. O- H. Native of Crete, North of Africa, r^nd Spain. Geranium gruinum, Lin. spec. 952. Cav. diss. 4. p. 217. t. 88. f. 2. — Bocc. mus. 2. p. 145. t. 109. Lower leaves cordate. Flowers bluish-purple. Crane Heron's-bill. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1596. PI. | to 1 ft. 35 E. SEUOTINUM (Stev. mem. act. petersb. 3. p. 297. t. 15. f. 2.) stems diffuse ; leaves opposite, ternate, lateral leaflets deeply toothed, divaricating, middle one largest, somewhat lobed, deeply toothed ; peduncles many-flowered, If. , H. Native of fields at the Black Sea and at Tyra. E. Ruthenicum, Bieb. pi. rar. cent. t. 48. E. multicaule, Link. enum. 2. p. 184. Sweet, ger. t. 137. Flowers purplish-blue. Sepals with long awns. Late-flowering Heron's-bill. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1821. PI. 1 ft. 36 ,E. CHIUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 634.) stem erect and some- what diffuse ; leaves smooth, rather cordate, lobed, upper ones 3-parted ; lobes deeply toothed, middle one rather trifid ; sti- pulas and bracteas ovate-lanceolate ; peduncles many-flowered. O- H. Native of the islands in the Grecian Archipelago, and about Naples. Geranium Chium, Lin. spec. 951. Cav. diss. 4. p. 92. f. 1. Flowers purplish-blue. Chio Heron's-bill. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1724. PI. | to 1 ft. 37 E. Guss6m (Tenore, prod. 39. Sweet, ger. 200.) stem diffuse, beset with long, soft, retrograde hairs ; peduncles many- flowered, elongated ; leaves cordate, entire, and lobed, dentately-crenated, pubescent ; stipulas and bracteas scarious, ovate ; sepals awned, one-half shorter than the petals. If. . H. Native of Naples in meadows exposed to the sun. Flowers pale-purple, 2 upper petals with a dark patch at the base. Gusson's Heron's-bill. Fl. year. Clt. 1821. PI. | to 1 ft. 38 E. MALACHOIDES (Willd. spec. 3. p. 639.) stem herba- ceous, branched, hairy ; leaves cordate, undivided or 3-lobed, obtuse, toothed ; peduncles many-flowered ; petals length of calyx. 0. H. Native of the south of Europe and north of Africa, as well as in the Canary Islands. Geranium malachoides, Cav. diss. 4. t. 91. f. 1.— Mor. hist. 2. sect. 5. t. 15. f. 7.— Lob. icon. t. 662. Flowers blue. Var. ft, ribifbliurn (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 509.) leaves 3-lobed, hispid ; flowers purple. Q. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Mallow-like Heron's-bill. Clt. 1596. PI. procumbent. 39 E. OLAUCOPHY'LLUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 416.) stem erect, pubescent ; leaves rather pubescent, oblong, some- what lobed, crenated, rather fleshy ; peduncles 2-6-flowered ; awns of seeds from the middle to the top feathery, yellow. If. . H. Native of Egypt, near Memphis. Sweet, ger. 283. Geranium glaucophyllum, Lin. spec. 952. Cav. diss. 4. t. 92. f. 2. G. crassifolium, Forsk. descr. 123. — Dill. elth. 150. t. 124. f. 153. Flowers lilac, but of a deeper colour at the base. Petals equal. Glaucous-leaved Heron's-bill. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1732. PI. i to f foot. 40 E. NERVULOSUM (Lher. inecl. no. 24. D. C. prod. J . p. 648.) stem diffuse, short ; leaves cordate, undivided, toothed, thick, full of nerves, rather hoary from pubescence ; stipulas ovate, membranous ; peduncles many-flowered. Tf. . H. Na- tive of Sicily.— Bocc. mus. 2. t. 128. right hand figure. Re- sembles E. laciniatwn. Flowers purple. Nerved-lenved Heron's-bill. PI. foot. 41 E. MALOPOIDES (Willd. spec. 3. p. 640.) stem erect, sometimes almost stemless ; leaves ovate, somewhat cordate, crenated, sometimes rather lobed ; peduncles 3-4-flowered ; awns of carpels bearded. I/ . H. Native of Egypt, Algiers, and Sicily, in sand by the sea-side. Geranium malopoides, Cav. diss. 4. t. 90. f. 1. — Bocc. mus. 2. p. 109. t. 89. Flowers small, pale rose-coloured. The whole plant is clothed with velvety pubescence. Var. fi, Corsicum (Leman, in D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 842.) pedun- cles usually 2-flowered ; leaves more downy. If. H. Native of Corsica among rocks by the sea-side. Flowers small, pale rose-coloured. The stems of both these plants are said by authors to be weak and trailing. Malope-like Heron's-bill. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1810. PI. | ft. * * Stems prostrate. 42 E. MARI'TIMUM (Smith, fl. brit. 2. p. 728.) stems diffusely prostrate, hairy ; leaves cordate, ovate, deeply crenated, pubes- cent ; peduncles usually 2-flowered ; awns of seeds beardless. If,. H. Native of France and Britain by the sea-side; in England particularly on the coasts of Wales, Cornwall, Sussex, &c. Smith, engl.-bot. t. 646. Geranium maritimum, Lin. spec. 951. Cav. diss. 4. p. 218. t. 88. f. 1. Stems spreading close to the ground. Leaves roundish, slightly lobed, and variously notched, rough on both surfaces, with minute close hairs. Sti- pulas purplish. Peduncles 1-2, rarely 3-flowered. Flowers pale-red, very minute. Sea-side Heron's-bill. Fl. May, Sept. Brit. PI. trailing. 43 E. LITTOREUM (Leman, in D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 842.) stems prostrate, smoothish ; leaves roundish-cordate, 3-lobed, un- equally crenated ; peduncles many-flowered, elongated ; awns of carpels bearded. If,. H. Native of Narbonne and Liguria by the sea-side. Flowers pale- red. Resembles E. maritimum. Sea-shore Heron's-bill. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1818. PI. pros- trate. 44 E. CUNEA'TUM (Viv. append, fl. cors. in Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 506.) branches diffuse ; leaves ovate, somewhat cordate, sinuately 3-parted, lateral segments rectangular, spreading, ob- long, middle one longer and wedge-shaped, crenately toothed at the top ; lower peduncles 1 -flowered, upper ones umbellate ; corolla a little longer than the awned calyx. I/ . H. Native of Corsica. Stems diffusely-prostrate. Wedge-leaved Heron's-bill. PI. prostrate. 45 E. BOCCONI (Viv. append, fl. cors. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 506.) plant dwarf, tufted; stems prostrate, hairy ; leaves ovate, cordate, deeply crenated, obovate ; stipulas and bracteas lanceolate ; peduncles 2-flowered ; petals hardly the length of the calyx ; sepals mucronate ; carpels hairy, with smooth awns. I/. H. Native of Corsica on the mountains. Geranium mi- nimum. Chamsedryoides, Bocc. mus. 2. p. 160. t. 128. Flowers nearly white. Plant very small, almost stemless, but, according to Saltzman, the stems are sometimes a foot long. Bocconi's Heron's-bill. Fl. May, Sept. PI. trailing. 46 E. OXYRHINCHUM (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 133.) stem pros- trate ; leaves cordate, oblong, somewhat 3-parted, crenated, hoary beneath, middle lobe trifid ; peduncles usually 3-flowered. If. . H. Native of Eastern Iberia on dry hills. Flowers as large as those of E. deuterium, with oblong purple petals. Sharp-beaked Heron's-bill. PI. prostrate. 47 E. GUTTA'TUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 636.) stem prostrate; leaves cordate, oblong, somewhat 3-lobed, toothed, hoary ; pe- duncles usually 3-flowered ; calyxes long awned. I/ . F. Na- tive of the north of Africa, near Belida, among sand. Geranium guttatum, Desf. all. 2. p. 113. t. 169. Petals large, obtuse, violet, spotted at the base. «S))oMerf-petalled Heron's-bill. PI. prostrate. GERANIACE^E. V. ERODIUM. VI. PELARGONIUM. 725 48 E. GEOIDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 99. t. 19.) stem herba- ceous, prostrate, hairy ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets 5-7, ovate, roundish, deeply toothed, 2 lower ones free, sessile, the rest con- fluent; stipulas ovate, triangular ; peduncles 4-6-flowered. O- H. Native of Brazil at the river Plate. Flowers purple. Geum-like Heron's-bill. PL prostrate. * Stemless, or almost so. 49 E. ASPLENIOIDES (Willd. spec. 3. p. 635.) plant villously pubescent, stemless ; peduncles many-flowered ; leaves ternate ; leaflets obovate, obtuse, deeply toothed, terminal one somewhat lobed. 1£ . F. Native of the north of Africa on the mountains of Sbiba. Geranium asplenioides, Desf. atl. 2. p. 109. t. 168. E. muticum, Lher. ined. Root thick. Corolla purplish-violet, twice the length of awnless calyx. Spleen-wort-like Heron's-bill. PI. ^ foot. 50 E. ARDUINUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 637.) stemless ; leaves cordate, 5-lobed, crenated, blunt ; peduncles many-flowered. 2/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Geranium Ardui- num, Lin. spec. 952. Flowers ? A rduin's Heron's-bill. PI. ^ foot. 51 E. REICHA'RDI (D. C. prod. 1. p. 649.) plant almost stem- less, tufted ; leaves small, cordate, crenated, obtuse, smoothish ; peduncles 1 -flowered; petals larger than the calyx. l/.H. Native of Majorca. Geranium Reichardi, Murr. comm. goett. 1780. p. 11. t. 3. G. parvulum, Scop. ins. 8. t. 3. f. B. E. chamaedryoides, Lher. ger. t. 6. exclusive of the synonyme of Bocconi. Curt. bot. mag. t. 18. Flowers white. Reichard's Heron's-bill. Fl. Apr. Sep. Clt. 1783. PI. -| ft. * Stems suffruticose. 52 E. HYMENOIDES (Lher. ger. t. 4.) stem erect, branched, shrubby at the base ; branches clothed with long soft hairs ; peduncles many-flowered ; leaves somewhat 3-lobed or 3- parted, very blunt, deeply toothed ; stipulas and bracteas sca- rious, ovate ; calyxes awnless. Tj . G. Native on Mount Atlas in fissures of rocks. Sweet, ger. t. 23. Geranium geifolium, Desf. atl. 2. p. 108. G. trifolium, Cav. diss. 4. t. 97. f. 3. E. trilobatum, Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 508. Flowers pink ; upper petals with a reddish-brown spot at the base. Hymen-like Heron's-bill. Fl. year. Clt. 1 789. Sh. 1 foot. 53 E. ARBORE'SCENS (Willd. spec. 3. p. 638.) stem shrubby, erect; leaves on long footstalks, cordate, somewhat lobed, cre- nated ; stipulas ovate, rather acute ; peduncles many-flowered. J? . F. Native of the north of Africa on mountains at •Cafsa. Geranium arborescens, Desf. atl. 2. p. HO. At first sight this plant resembles a species of Pelargonium. Flowers unknown. Arborescent Heron's-bill. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 54 E. INCARNAVTUM (Lher. ger. t. 5.) stem suffruticose, scabrous ; leaves scabrous, lower ones cordate, toothed, 3-parted, ternate or 5-lobed, with wedge-shaped, 3-toothed lobes ; pedun- cles many-flowered. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sims, bot. mag. t. 261. Sweet, ger. t. 94. Delaum. herb. amat. t. 11. Geranium incarnatum, Lin. fil. suppl. 308. Cav. diss. 4. p. 223. t. 91. f. 2. Flowers large, very beautiful, with oblong, obtuse, flesh-coloured petals, yellowish at their baseband painted with a blood-coloured circle. Flesh-coloured-fiovtered. Heron's-bill. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1787. Shrub | foot. 55 E. HE:LIOTROPIO}DES (Willd. spec. 3. p. 638.) stem suffru- ticose, hispid ; leaves roundish-ovate, crenated, villous ; pedun- cles many-flowered ; awns of carpels very long, feathery. 17 . G. Native of? Geranium heliotropioides, Cav. diss. 4. p. 220. t. 113. f. 2. Stem hardly an inch in height. Leaves clothed with dense white villi. Peduncles usually 4-flowered. Flowers ? Turnsole-like Heron's-bill. Shrub -| foot. Cult. Most of the perennial species of Erbdium are rather ornamental, and they will thrive well in any kind of soil. The frame kinds will grow well in a mixture of loam and peat or decayed leaves ; these are easily increased by dividing the plants at the root or by seeds, which ripen in abundance. The green- house species are mostly sub-shrubby ; they will thrive well in sandy loam and leaf mould, and young cuttings, planted in pots filled with the same kind of soil, will strike root ; they are also easily increased by dividing the plants at the root or by seed. The annual kinds, several of which are rather handsome, only require to be sown in the open border in spring, in any kind of soil. *-• VI. PELARGONIUM (from TreXapyoc, pelargos, a stork ; resemblance in the carpels being like the head and beak of a stork). Lher. ger. icon, ettext. ined. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 417. Pelargonieae, Sweet, ger. 1. p. 8. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Tetra-Heptdndria. Calyx 5- parted ; upper segments ending in a spur, or slender nectarifer- ous tube, running down the peduncle, and adnate to it. Petals 5, rarely 4, more or less irregular. Filaments 10, 4 or 7 of which are fertile, the rest sterile. Beaks or styles bearded inside, and spirally twisted at maturity. All the proper species of this genus are natives of the Cape of Good Hope, except a very few. This vast and favorite genus, the greater part being of the easiest cultivation, and many of them bearing the confined air of a sitting room better than most plants, have therefore become objects of cultivation and attention, of which, in most cases, they are deserving for their neatness and beauty. The popular taste for Pelargoniums, or for Geraniums as they are commonly called, has been much aided by several splendid pub- lications, both at home and abroad, and more especially by the Geraniacese of Mr. Sweet, in which he has figured both hybrids and species ; but these hybrids, for the most part, vanish even before the eyes of those who have witnessed their origin, we shall therefore only describe the species, and give the names and references to the hybrids, for the convenience of those who wish to be farther acquainted witli these productions ; for to admit descriptions of them into this work could lead to no end, except that of swelling its bulk, which would be very con- siderable. In the arrangement here adopted, the names of all those kinds which are avowedly artificial are placed at the end of their proper sections. SECT. I. HOA'REA (named in compliment to Sir Richard Hoare). Sweet, ger. no. 18 and 72. Petals 5, rarely 4, lanceolate or linear, 2 upper ones parallel, with long claws, abruptly reflexed in the middle. Stamens 10, in a long tube, length of lower sepals, 4-5 of which bear anthers, the rest ste- rile, straight, or incurved at the top, shorter than the fertile ones. — Stemless herbs, with tuberous, turnip-like roots, and radical stalked leaves. * Leaves oblong, entire, or lobed, with the lobes entire or hardly toothed. 1 P. LONGIFOLIUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 518.) leaves lanceo- late, quite entire, acute, smooth, older ones pinnatifid, with linear lobes ; umbels compound ; flowers tetrandrous ; petals obtuse, lanceolate, upper ones ovate. It. G. G. acaule, Burm. ger. 67. t. 2. Cav. diss. 4. t. 102. f. 1. Petals rose-coloured. Long-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. PI. | ft. 2 P. LONGIFLORUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 521.) leaves lan- ceolate, quite entire, acute, smooth ; umbels compound, 4- flowered ; flowers tetrandrous ; petals linear. If. . G. Petals cream-coloured, upper ones lined with red. Var. ft, depressum (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 520.) umbels 8- flowered ; pedicels at length somewhat reflexed ; filaments 9. 726 GERANIACEjE. VI. PELARGONIUM. H..G. Petals cream-coloured, upper ones marked with purple lines. Long-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt.1812. Y\.\ ft. 3 P. OVAHFOLIUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 649.) leaves oval, or oval-oblong, obtuse, flat, with involute margins, quite entire, hairy; umbels simple or compound; petals linear, waved, twisted. If. G. Hoarea ovalifolia, Sweet, ger. t. 106. Pe- tals white, 2 upper ones with a pale-red line in the middle at the base. Oval-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820. P1.-J ft. 4 P. RETICULA'TUM (Sweet, ger. t. 91. under Hotirea,) leaves elliptic-lanceolate, or oblong, quite entire, pilose, with revolute margins ; umbels compound ; flowers pentandrous ; petals linear-spatulate, waved, reflexed. I/ . G. P. scapiflo- rum, Lher. ger. ined. no. 8. Petals rose-coloured, reticulated, with purple lines, 2 upper ones with a deep-purple spot in the middle of each. Reticulated-petalleA Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. | foot. 5 P. PAENASSIOIDES (Lher. ger. ined. no. 1.) leaves ovate, obtuse, quite entire, ciliated ; umbel compound ; flowers pentan- drous ; petals linear, rather spatulate. If.. G. G. ciliatum, Cav. diss. 4. p. 234. t. 118. f. 2. P. ciliatum, Willd. spec. 3. p. 643. exclusive of the synonyme of Lher. Petals pale, spotless. Parnassia-like Stork's-bill. PI. -J foot. 6 P. CILIA' TUM (Lher. ger. t. 7. ined. no. 2.) leaves ovate, acute, quite entire, rather ciliated ; umbels compound ; flowers pentandrous ; petals linear, rather spatulate. I/ . G. Petals flesh-coloured, 2 upper with a red spot in the middle. Var. ft, hirtum (Willd. spec. 3. p. 644.) leaves somewhat 3-lobed. H..G. G. pilosum, Cav. diss. 5. p. 273. 6. p. 199. Leaves, according to L'Heretier, painted ; perhaps a garden variety. CtJtafed-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1795. PI. 4 foot. 7 P. LABYRINTHICUM (Sweet, ger. 276. under Hoarea,) hoary, pilose ; lower leaves simple, ovate, or ternate, upper ones pinna- tifid ; leaflets and segments oblong-ovate ; scape branched ; calyx reflexed. Tf.. G. Petals rose-coloured, 2 upper ones marked with a dark spot near the base. Labyrinth Stork's-bill. Fl. May. Clt. 1823. PL ^ foot. 8 P. RADICA'TUM (Vent. malm. t. 65.) leaves oval-oblong, quite entire, acute at both ends, smooth, ciliated ; umbels simple ; flowers pentandrous ; petals linear-oblong, retuse ; nectariferous tube 4 times longer than the calyx. 1JL. G. Geranium ciliatum, Anclr. hot. rep. 247. P. concavifolium, Pers. ench. 2. p. 226. Hoarea radicata, Sweet, ger. 174. Petals yellowish. Large-rooted Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1802. Pl.^ft. * Leaves cordate, sagittate, 3-lobed, or appendiculate at the base. 9 P. OXALOIDES (Willd. spec. 3. p. 642.) leaves oblong, sagittate, quite entire, fleshy, smooth ; umbel compound. If . G. Geranium oxaloides, Burm. ger. 71. t. 2. Cav. diss. 4. t. 97. f. 1. G. oxaloides, Andr. is perhaps distinct. Flowers red. Oxalis-like Stork's-bill. PI. | foot. 10 P. CHELIDONIUM (Houtt. pfl. syst. 8. p. 398. t. 61. f. 1.) leaves roundish, truncate at the base, acute, quite entire, pubes- cent ; umbel compound. 3f . G. P. Ficaria, Willd. spec. 3. p. (>43. P. deltoideum, Lher. ined. no. 111. Snallon-mort-like Stork's-bill. PI, |. foot. IIP. VELUiiNUM (Lher. ger. ined. no. 82.) leaves cordate, very blunt, undivided, crenately-sinuated, hoary-tomentose be- neath; umbels compound. If. G. Burch, cat. no. Petals linear, when dry waved and of a dark colour. Velvety Stork's-bill. PI. | foot. 12 P. BIFOLIUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 645.) leaves 2, cordate, acutish, deeply toothed; umbels simple. If. G. Burm. afr. t. 35. f. 1. Geranium bifolium, Cav. diss. 4. p. 254. t. 115. f. 3. Petals pale-red, oblong-cuneated, 2 superior ones marked with an oblong spot. Two-leaved Stork's-bill. PI. | foot. 13 P. STIPULA'CEUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 655.) stem very short, covered with the rudiments of the old stipulas ; leaves rather cordate, ovate, deeply toothed, villous ; umbels simple, few- flowered. I/ . G. G. stipulaceum, Cav. diss. 4. p. 254. t. 122. f. 3. Perhaps the flowers are pentandrous, and therefore perhaps belonging to sect. Campylia. Petals yellowish. Stipuled-stemmed Stork's-bill. PI. \ foot. 14 P. ARTICULA'TUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 655.) stem very short, covered with the rudiments of the stipulas; leaves kidney - shaped, 5-7-lobed, villous ; lobes 3-lobed ; umbels simple, few- flowered. 11- G. G. articulatum, Cav. diss. 4. p. 252. t. 122. f. 1. This plant comes very near the preceding, but the number of anthers is unknown. Probably belonging to a different section. Flowers yellowish. Jointed Stork's-bill. Fl. May, July. PI. A' foot. 15 P. AURICULA' TUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 643.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, hairy, with ciliated margins, sometimes entire', but usually furnished with 2 oblong-linear appendages at the base ; umbels compound. 7f . G. P. cilia- tum, Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 519. Petals linear, pale-red. Auricled-lenved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, July. Clt. '! PI. | ft. 16 P. AURI'TUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 646.) leaves oblong, obtuse, sometimes entire, but usually furnished with 2 oblong- linear appendages at the base ; umbel rather compound. Tf. . G. Geranium auritum, Lin. mant. 433. — Comm. hort. 2. t. 61. Flowers, in a dry state, apparently purplish-red. i Eared-leaved Stork's-bill. PI. | foot. 17 P. TRiriDUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 646.) leaves 3-parted ; with the segments linear, wedge-shaped, and 3-toothed at the apex; umbel simple. Tf. G. Burm. afr. t. 35. f. 2. G. trifi- dum, Cav. diss. 4. t. 115. f. 1. Flowers blood-coloured. Trifid-leaved Stork's-bill. PI. £ foot. 18 P. LACINIA'TUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 228.) leaves entire or deeply lobed at the apex ; scape flexuous ; umbel compound. }/ . G. G. laciniatum, Andr. bot. rep. 131. Petals pink. Jagged-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1800. PL | ft. 19 P. NEUVIFOLIUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 517.) leaves smooth, ternate, glaucous beneath, with rather lobed, nerved, obtuse leaf- lets ; scape hispid ; umbels compound. I/ . G. Petals oblong- cuneated, white, painted with branched, blood-coloured lines at the base. Nerved-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt.1812. PL | ft. 20 P. TIUPHY'LLUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 515.) leaves smooth, ternate, with obtuse, crenated leaflets ; scapes and petioles pubescent ; umbels simple. % . G. Petals linear, flesh- coloured, 2 superior ones with blood-coloured spots at the base. Three-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt.1812. Pl.-Jft. 21 P. LUTEUM( Andr. bot. rep. 423. under Geranium,') smooth; leaves pinnate ; leaflets usually with a lobe on one side ; umbels simple, many-flowered ; petals all spatulately-linear. If. . G. Petals yellow, 2 upper ones with 2 red streaks at the base. retfow-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1800. PL | foot. 22 P. ROSEUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 161.) stem- less; leaves lobed and jagged, obtuse, toothed, tomentose ; scape simple, very long ; umbels many-flowered ; lower petals much the smallest ; nectariferous tube 4-times longer than the re- flexed calyx. 7f . G. Petals of a bright rose-colour. Ger. r6seum, Andr. bot. rep. t. 173. P. condensatum, Pers. ench. 2. p. 227. Hoarea rosea, Sweet, ger. 262. GERANIACE.E. VI. PELARGONIUM. 727 . JRose-coloured-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1792. PL 1 foot. * * * Leaves pinnate, with the leaflets cut or mullifid. 23 P. RAPA'CEUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 510.) leaves pilose, bipinnate ; lobules linear, rather obtuse ; 2 superior petals re- fracted, 2 inferior ones connivent. If. . G. Ger. selinum, Andr. bot. rep. 239. Petals of a whitish rose-colour, 2 upper ones spotted. Turnip-rooted Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1788. PL | ft. 24 P. NU'TANS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 651.) leaves bipinnate, hairy ; leaflets pinnatifidly jagged, multifid, linear, rather toothed; umbels capitate, crowded, depressed ; flowers nodding ; superior petals refracted, inferior ones concave, connivent. If. . G. P. rapaceum luteum, Sims. bot. mag. 1877. Hoarea carinata, Sweet, ger. t. 135. Flowers yellow. Nodding-fioviered. Stork's-bill. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1788. PL | foot. 25 P. CORYDALIFLORUM (Sweet, ger. t. 18. under Hoarea,) leaves pilose, pinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid or trifid ; lobules linear, acute ; 2 superior petals refracted, lower ones connivent. If. . G. Petals pale sulphur-coloured, 2 upper ones with blood- coloured spots. Corydalis-flomered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1812. PL | foot. 26 P. SETOSUM (Sweet, ger. t. 38. under Hoarea,) leaves pinnate, pubescent ; leaflets cuneated, 3-5-toothed at the apex, with the teeth ending in bristles ; umbels compound ; superior petals refracted, lower ones rather connivent. If. . G. Petals rose-coloured, 2 superior ones spotted. Bristly-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1818. Pl.fft. 27 P. BUBONIFOHUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 227.) leaves smooth, pinnate ; leaflets deeply lobed, acute ; umbel simple ; petals emarginate. I/. . G. Ger. bubonifolium, Andr. bot. rep. 328. Petals white, 2 upper ones with a purple spot each. Bubon-leaved Stork's-bill. FL Mar. Jul. Clt. 1800. PL | ft. 28 P. VIOL.KELORUM (Sweet, ger. 123. under Hoarea,) stem short ; leaves pinnate-parted, or trifoliate ; leaflets oblong-lan- ceolate, smooth, entire, with ciliated margins, acuminated, and beset with pencilled hairs at the apex, lower ones bifid ; petioles hispid ; umbels compound ; petals reflexed, lower ones smallest. Tf. . G. Flowers white. Superior lobes of calyx erect, the rest reflexed. Violet-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1821. PL | ft. 29 P. LEEA'NUM (Sweet, ger. 323. under Hoarea,) leaves smooth, pinnate ; leaflets pinnatifidly cut, acute ; petioles pubes- cent ; stipulas linear, acute, membranous, adhering to the pe- tioles ; umbel compound, of several flowers ; superior petals obovate, retuse ; calyxes spreading, bearded at the apex ; nectariferous tube about half as long again as the calyx. I/ . G. Petals white, with a purple spot in the centre of each. Lee's Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1823. PL | foot. 30 P. NI'VEUM (Sweet, ger. 182. under Hoarea,) stemless ; umbels compound ; leaves smooth, lower ones ovate, entire, upper ones pinnatifid ; petals white, reflexed, lower ones much the smallest. If,. G. Snon^-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1821. PL | foot. 31 P. PILOSUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 227.) leaves pinnate, hairy ; leaflets cut or multifid ; umbel simple, 4-6-flowered ; petals li- near. I/. G. Ger. pilosum, Andr. bot. rep. 259. Petals purple. Pilose Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1801. PL i foot. 32 P. BICOLOR (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 76. under Hoarea,) pilose ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets oblong, or obovately-oblong, sometimes slightly 2-3-lobed ; umbels many-flowered ; upper petals emar- ginate, 3 lower ones small ; nectariferous tube about 3-times longer than the calyx. If.. G. Ger. pilosum, var. 2. Andr. ger. icon. Petals red with white claws, upper ones marked with a red spot just under the red part of the petals. Tnto-coloured-Rowered Stork's-bill. Fl. Feb. Aug. Clt. 1801. PL A foot. 33 P. BLA'NDUM (Sweet, hort. brit. 76. under Hoarea,) pilose ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets obovately-oblong, sometimes slightly 3-lobed ; umbels many-flowered ; nectariferous tube 3-times longer than the calyx ; petals all wedge-shaped, upper ones emarginate, lower ones narrower. If . G. Flowers blush. Blush-Qoweied Stork's-bill. Fl. Feb. Aug. Clt. 1801. Pl.|ft. 34 P. PENNIFORME (Pers. ench. 2. p. 227.) leaves pinnate- parted, with lanceolate-linear, entire segments ; umbels com- pound. I/ . G. Ger. laciniatum, Andr. bot. rep. 269. Petals yellow, red at the base. Radical leaves sometimes entire. Feather-formed-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1800. PL A foot. 35 P. PURPURA'SCENS (Pers. ench. 2. p. 227.) leaves lanceo- ' late-linear, entire, and pinnatifid ; umbel compound. If. . G. Ger. laciniatum, Andr. bot. rep. 204. Peduncles elongated. Flowers purplish, with darker stripes. Purplish-fiowered Stork's-bill. FL May, Jul. Clt. 1800. Pl.Aft. 36 P. INCRASSA'TUM (Sims, bot. mag. t. 761.) leaves pinnatifid, with lobed, obtuse segments ; scape a little branched ; superior petals obcordate. Ij. . G. Ger. incrassatum, Andr. bot. rep. t. 246. Flowers pale rose-coloured, netted with red veins. Thickened Stork's-bill. FL June, July. Clt. 1801. Pl.fft. 37 P. CENTAUROIDES (Lher. ger. ined. no. 12.) leaves hairy, pinnate-parted, with remote, cut, or entire segments ; umbel simple, crowded, many-flowered. If.. G. Pedicels elongated and the flowers purplish, as in the preceding. Centauria-like Stork's-bill. PL ^ foot. 38 P. HIRSUVTUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 417.) leaves hairy, ciliated, obovate or lanceolate, quite entire or pin- natifid ; stipulas adnate to the petioles ; umbels compound. If.. G. Ger. hirsutum, Cav. diss. 4. p. 247. t. 101. f. 2. P. heterophyllum, Lher. ger. ined. no. 10. Petals pale-flesh- coloured, marked with blood-coloured veins, upper ones marked with a large dark-red spot each. Hairy Stork's-bill. Fl. Mar. May. Clt. 1788. PL f foot. 39 P. MELANA'NTHUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 514.) leaves hairy, pinnate-parted, with oval-oblong, obtuse, somewhat pin- natifid or toothed segments ; umbels compound ; petals linear, obtuse. If. G. Hoarea melanantha, Sweet, ger. 73. The first leaves ovate, or 3-lobed. Petals dark-brown ; claws white. Black-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1790. Pl.fft. 40 P. DIOI'CUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 162.) leaves hispid, entire, and ternate ; umbel compound ; flowers dioecious. I/ . G. Ger. melananthum, Andr. bot. rep. 209. Petals dark- brown. Leaflets entire. Dioecious Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1795. PL i ft. 41 P. A'TRUM (Lher. ger. t. 44.) leaves puberulous, some of which are oblong and entire, and others pinnate-parted ; umbels compound ; superior segments of the calyx erect ; petals linear ; sterile filaments incurved at the apex. I/ . G. Hoarea atra, Sweet, ger. t. 72. Petals dark-brown, with white claws. Z>arA:-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1793. PL | foot. 42 P. UNDULjEFLORUM (Sweet, ger. 263. under Hoarea,) leaves hairy, lower ones simple, roundish -ovate, upper ones trifid and ternate, rarely pinnatifid ; umbels compound, many-flowered ; calyxes villous, bearded at the apex ; petals waved, spreading. I/ . G. Petals blackish-brown, with white claws. Waved-flonered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1821. PL | foot. 43 P. CONGE'STUM (Sweet, ger. 302. under Hodrea,) stemless ; 728 GERANIACEjE. VI. PELARGONIUM. leaves pinnate or pinnatifid, pilose ; leaflets and segments pinna- tifidly-lobed or cut, unequally-toothed, acutish ; stipulas lanceo- late, acute ; umbels many-flowered, crowded ; petals ligulate, spotted, superior ones bent back. If. . G. Petals flesh-coloured, with numerous small dots, the upper ones darker above the bent part. CVonxfed-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. PL A foot. t Names of garden Hybrids belonging to Sect. I. Hodrea. 1 P. silinifblium (Sweet, ger*. 159.) Flowers purple. 2 P. integrifblium (Sweet in Colv. cat.) Flowers red. 3 P.fucatum (Sweet in Colv. cat.) Flowers red. 4 P. nigricans (Sweet in Colv. cat.) Flowers red. 5 P. magicum (Sweet in Colv. cat.) Flowers red. 6 P. varium (Sweet, ger. t. 166.) Flowers dark. 7 P. Colvillii (Sweet, ger. 260.) Flowers blush. 8 P. Jenkensbnii (Sweet in Colv. cat.) Flowers crimson. 9 P. dilutum (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers blush. 10 P. replicatum (Sweet, hort. brit. 72.) Flowers red. 11 P. rubescens (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers red. 12 P. intermixtum (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers red. 13 P. capitatum (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers blush. 14 P. luperbum (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers crimson. 15 P. villosum (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers crimson. 16 P. unguiculatum (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers red. 17 P. tenuifblium (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers blush. 18 P. marginatum (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers blush. 19 P. atrosangumeum (Sweet, ger. 151.) Flowers crimson. 20 P. Sweetianum (D. C. H. elegans, Sweet, ger. 132.) Flowers crimson. 21 P. coccmeum (Sweet, ger. 398.) Flowers scarlet. 22 P. recurviflbrum (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers crimson. 23 P. sangmnolentum (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers red. 24 P. pulchellum (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers red. 25 P. amcenum (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers red. 26 P. patens (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers red. 27 P. lilacinum (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers red. 28 P. venbsum (Sweet, ger. 209.) Flowers striped. 29 P. literatum (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers striped. 30 P. hedysarifol'mm (Sweet, ger. 355.) Flowers crimson. 31 P. galegifblium (Sweet, ger. icon.) Flowers red. 32 P. sisymbrifblium (Sweet, ger. 358.) Flowers red. 33 P. orobifdlium (Sweet, ger. 304.) Flowers purple. 34 P. retusum (Sweet, ger. 307.) Flowers dark. 35 P. coluteeefblium (Sweet, ger. 311.) Flowers crimson. SECT. II. DIMA'CRIA (from Sit, dis, two, and paKpos, macros, long ; in allusion to the 2 lowest fertile stamens being twice the length of the rest). Lindl. in Sweet, ger. no. 46. Petals 5, un- equal, 2 upper ones conniving, divaricate at the apex. Stamens shorter than the sepals, 5 of which are fertile, the 2 lowest ones twice the length of the rest, stretched out, upper ones shortest, the 5 sterile ones very short, and nearly equal. — Stemless herbs, with turnip-like roots, and stalked, radical leaves. * Leaves pinnate ; leaflets entire. 44 P. VICUEFOUUM (Lher. ger. ined. no. 15. D. C. prod. 1. p. 653.) leaves pinnate, villous, with 4-5 pairs of ovate, nearly entire, flat leaflets. I/. G. Ger. pinnatum, Cav. diss. 4. t. 115. f. 2. but not of Lin. Dimacria pinnata, Sweet, ger. t. 46. Petals pale rose-coloured, 2 upper ones lined, and dotted with blood-coloured spots at the base. Fetch-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1779. PL j ft. 45 P. FOLIOLOSUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 653.) leaves pinnate, with 15-20 pairs of bifid leaflets. If.. G. Geranium pinnatum, Andr. hot. rep. 311. Petals yellow, spotted with red. Leafy Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1800. PL \ foot. 46 P. ASTRAGAL*FOLIUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 227.) leaves pin- nate, hairy, with many pairs of elliptic leaflets ; petals waved, twisted at the base. Tf. . G. Ger. astragalasf&lium, Cav. diss. 4. t. 104. f. 2. Andr. bot. rep. 190. Ger. pinniktum, Lin. spec. 677. Dimacria astragalaefolia, Sweet, ger. 103. — Comm. prael. 53. t. 3. Petals white, narrow, spotted and streaked with purple. Astragalus-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1788. PL \ foot. 47 P. coRONiLL-SFOLiUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 227.) leaves pin- nate, smooth, with 1-2 pairs of obovate or oblong leaflets. "]lr. G. Ger. coronillsefolium, Andr. bot. rep. 305. Petals fulvous, 2 upper ones spatulate and retuse, spotted with red, lower ones lanceolate. Coronilla-leai-ed Stork's-bill. FL June, Aug. Clt. 1795. PL £ foot. 48 P. HERACLEIFOLIUM (Lodd. bot. cab. 437.) leaves pinnate, smooth, with 2-3 pairs of obovate leaflets, the ultimate ones confluent. If. . G. Petals obovately-cuneated, dark-brown, with the base and margins yellowish. Cun-parsnip-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PL I foot. * Leaves pinnate, with the leaflets cut or multifid. 49 P. CA'RNEUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 512.) leaves smooth, bipinnate ; lobes trifid, linear, bluntish ; scape simple. 34. G. Ger. pinnatifidum, Cav. diss. 4. t. 260. t. 121. f. 1. Petals pale rose-coloured, painted with darker veins. JVesA-coloured-flowered Stork's-bill. FL May, July. Clt. 1812. PL £ foot. 50 P. RECURVA'TUM (Sweet, hort. brit. 77. under Dimacria,') leaves pinnate ; leaflets trifid, with the lobes bearded ; umbels simple ; petals linear, obtuse, recurved. If. . G. Ger. barba- tum, var. minor, Andr. bot. rep. 323. Petals white, 2 upper ones streaked, and dotted with red. Recurved-peta\\ed Stork's-bill. FL May, Aug. Clt. 1 790. PL | foot. 51 P. ARISTA'TUM (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 77. under Dimacria,) leaves pinnate ; leaflets variously lobed, each lobe ending in a tuft of hairs ; petals linear, obtuse. 1(. . G. Ger. barbatum, var. undulatum, Andr. bot. rep. 366. Petals white, but all streaked with red at the base. ^nmed-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1790. Pl.|ft. 52 P. BARBAVTUM (Jacq. icon. 3. t. 513.) leaves pinnate; leaflets trifid ; lobules linear, acuminated, bearded at the apex ; umbels compound ; petals linear, obtuse. 11 . G. Ger. moli- ferum, Burm. ger. 70. t. 2. Cav. diss. 4. t. 120. f. 3. Ger. barbatum, Andr. bot. rep. t. 303. Petals flesh-coloured or white, upper ones painted with a red patch in the middle of each. Bearded-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1790. PL | foot. 53 P. PETROSF.LINIFO'LIUM ; hairy; leaves pinnate, with 2-3 pairs of distant, jagged, reflexed leaflets ; umbels many-flowered ; nectariferous tube twice the length of the calyx. If. . G. Petals blush, with a linear red spot in the centre of each, emarginate, and spatulately-linear. Ger. apiifolium, Andr. ger. icon. Di- macria apiifolium, Sweet, hort. brit. p. 77. Parsley-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. Ap. Aug. Clt. 1802. PL \ ft. 54 P. FISSIFOLIUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 227.) leaves pinnate, with trifid and bifid leaflets, cut and naked at the apex ; umbel simple ; petals obtuse, all marked with an oblong spot. If. . G. Ger. fissif&lium, Andr. bot. rep. 378. Petals white, red at the base. Cleft-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1 795. PL | ft. 55 P. FLORIBU'NDUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 163.) leaves pinnate, with 2 parted leaflets ; umbels compound. If. . G. Ger. floribundum, Andr. bot. rep. 420. Petals white, upper GERANIACE.&. VI. PELARGONIUM. 729 ones marked eacli with 3 lunate spots, lower ones marked with a red linear line each. Bundle-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1795. PL f foot. * * * Leaves cordate, 3-lobed, ternale, or furnished with 2 auricles at the base. 56 P. REVOLU'TUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 226.) leaves cordate, obtuse, nerved, quite entire, but usually with an auricle on each side at the base ; umbels compound ; leaflets of involucre revo- lute. If. . G. Ger. revolution, Andr. bot. rep. 354. Flowers rose-coloured, lined with purple. Revolute-'mvolucTed Stork's-bill. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. PL A foot. 57 P. HETEROPHY'LLUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 516.) leaves ciliated, undivided, 3-lobed or ternate, with the middle segment 3-lobed; umbel compound. If.. G. Petals white, 2 superior ones retuse, with a blood -coloured spot at the base of each. Parlous-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1800. Pl.|ft. 58 P. ANDRE' wsn (Sweet, hort. brit. 77. under Dimacria,) lower leaves oblong, ovate, entire, others pinnate, with linear segments ; umbels compound, many-flowered ; nectariferous tube about twice the length of the calyx ; petals spatulately-linear, blush. 1£. G. Ger. heterophyllum, Andr. ger. icon. Petals blush, upper ones marked with a dark-red spot, dotted with red underneath the spot, lower ones each with a red line. Andrews'* Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1802. PL \ ft. 59 P. OXALIDIFOLIUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 227.) leaves ciliated, ternate, with roundish, obtuse leaflets ; umbel compound. If. . G. G. oxalidifolium, Andr. bot. rep. t. 300. Petals pale-yellow, 2 upper ones marked with a blood-coloured patch at the base. Wood-sorrel-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1801. PI. | foot. 60 P. TENE'LLUM (Andr. ger. icon, under Geranium,) leaves smooth, trifoliate, and trifid ; leaflets and segments oblong, mid- dle ones broadest ; umbels compound, many-flowered ; nectari- ferous tube 2 or 3 times longer than the calyx ; petals linear. 11 . G. Petals white, upper ones spotted with red at the base, lower ones with one spot each. Slender Stork's-bill. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1802. PL | foot. 61 P. REFLE'XUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 227.) nearly stemless ; leaves ternate, with deeply-lobed, recurved leaflets ; umbels simple ; 2 superior filaments, as well as the stigmas, reflexed. If. . G. Ger. reflexum, Andr. bot. rep. 224. Petals white. /Jvpa, phyma, a wart or tu- mour, and avSos, ant has, a flower ; in allusion to the warted claws of the petals). Lindl. in Sweet, ger. no. 43. Petals 5, unequal, 2 superior ones warted at the claws. Stamens 10, in a short tube, the 5 fertile ones recurved, and the 5 sterile ones straight, all pilose or pubescent. — Small, branched shrubs, with ovate or lanceolate, toothed leaves. 89 P. ELA'TUM (Sweet, ger. 96. under Phymatiinthus,) stem erect, branched ; leaves lanceolate, canescent, deeply toothed ; peduncles usually 3-flowered ; superior petals largest, rather smooth at the base, lower ones oval-oblong. Tj . G. Ger. tri- color arboreum, Andr. ger. icon. Flowers white, with the upper petals red. Tall Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1791. Shrub l£ foot. 90 P. TRI'COLOR (Curt. bot. mag. 240.) stem erect ; leaves lan- ceolate, villously-canescent, deeply- toothed, or jagged; pedun- cles usually 3-flowered ; upper petals roundish, short, warted at the base, lower ones oval. ^ . G. Ger. violarium, Jacq. icon, rar. 3. t. 527. Ger. tricolor, Andr. ger. icon. Phymatanthus tricolor, Sweet, ger. 43. The 2 superior petals are reddish-pur- ple, and nearly black towards the claws, the 3 lower ones white. Three-coloured-Rowered. Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1791. Shrub 1 foot. f Garden Hybrids belonging to the present Section. 1 P. villbsum (Sweet, hort. brit. 75.) Flowers white and purple. 2 P. grandiflorum (Sweet, 1. c.) Flowers white and purple. 3 P. latifolium (Sweet, 1. c.) Flowers white and purple. 4 P. inlertinctum (Sweet, ger. n. s. 54.) Flowers striped. SECT. VI. GRENVI'LIEA (named in compliment to Lady Grenville, a great lover of geraniums). Sweet, ger. 262. f. 2. Petals 5, 2 superior ones largest, obliquely obovate, on long claws, 3 lower ones small, spatulate. Stamens 10, the 4 fertile ones ascendent at the apex, the 6 sterile ones short and awl- shaped. — A tuberous rooted herb, with simple leaves. 91 P. CONSPI'CUUM (Sweet, ger. 1. c. under Grenvillea,) stem- less ; leaves spatulately-ovate or obovate, deeply-crenated, vil- lous ; stem long, a little branched ; umbels many-flowered ; superior petals emarginate ; nectariferous tube nearly 3 times longer than the calyx. I/ . G, Ger. Grenvilliee, Andr. ger. icon. Petals blush, 2 superior ones with a purple spot in the centre of each, and with their bases dark-velvety. Conspicuous Stork's-bill. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1810. PI. 1 ft. SECT. VII. SEYMOU'RIA (named in compliment to the hon. Emily Seymour). Sweet, ger. 3. t. 206. Petals 2, distinct at the base, abruptly reflexed in the middle. Stamens 5, nearly equal, in a long straight tube, all fertile. — Stemless herbs, with turnip-like roots. 92 P. ASARIFOLIUM (Sweet, ger. 1. c. under Seymouria,) leaves roundish, cordate, bluntish, quite entire, ciliated, smooth, and shining above, but velvety-tomentose beneath ; umbels com- pound, capitate ; petals lanceolately-spatulate, emarginate at the apex. I/ . G. Flowers dark-purple. Asarabacca-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. Nov. Feb. Clt. 1821. PL i foot. 93 P. L'HERETI'ERI (Sweet, ger. 1. c.) leaves ovate, quite en- tire, acute, smooth ; umbels simple ; petioles ciliated with hairs. It . G. Ger. dipetalum, Lher. ger. t. 43. Petals pale-purple, spotted at the base. L'Heretier's Stork's-bill. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1795. PI. | ft. SECT. VIII. JENKINSONIA (named in compliment to Mr. Jen- kinson, treasurer to the horticultural society ; a great cultivator of geraniums). Sweet, ger. no. 76. Petals 4-5, superior ones much larger than the rest, emarginate at the apex, streaked with lines. Stamens 10, ascending, spreading at the top, and pilose at the base, 5-7 of which usually bear anthers, the sterile ones very short and awl-shaped. — Shrubs or herbs. Leaves pinnately, rarely ternately or palmately cleft, usually multifid. * Flowers with 4 petals and 5 anthers. 94 P. CANARIE'NSE (Willd. hort. berl. t. 17.) stem herbace- ous ; leaves 3-parted ; lobes toothed at the apex, obtuse, lower ones obovate, middle ones ovate, usually trifid ; peduncles generally 2-flowered. $ . G. Native of the Canary Islands. Petals white, 2 upper ones streaked with red. Canary-Island Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1802. PI. I foot. 95 P. SYNNOTII (Sweet, ger. 342. under Jenkinsonia,} stem suffruticose at the base, branched ; branches flexuous, diffuse, ascending, pilose; leaves 3-parted and pinnatifid, rather re- curved and pilose above, shining, but pubescent beneath, with ciliated edges ; segments jagged, bluntly and roundedly toothed ; umbels usually 5-flowered ; flowers with 4 petals and 5 anthers ; nectariferous tube shorter than the calyx. Tj . G. Petals lilac, upper ones marked each with 2 branched lines. Synnot's Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1825. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 96 P. BULLA'TUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 530. coll. 5. p. 124.) stem shrubby, procumbent, puberulous ; leaves pinnate-parted ; lobes deeply-lobed, rather hispid on both surfaces, lower ones largest ; peduncles 2-flowered. Tj . G. P. myrrhif olium /3, Willd. spec. p. 661. Jenkinsonia bullata, Sweet, ger. 3. t. 530. Petals pale-red, 2 upper ones lined with red. Blistered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt.? PI. procumbent. 97 P. MYRRHIFOLIUM (Ait. hort. kew, ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 421.) stem shrubby, ascending ; leaves rather hispid on both surfaces, stifF, pinnate-parted ; lobes deeply-serrated, lower ones largest ; peduncles 2-3-flowered. Tj . G. Ger. myrrhifolium, Lin. spec. 949. P. betonicum, Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 531. coll. 5. p. 127. Petals like those of the last species, but sometimes 5. Myrrh-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1696. Sh. 1 ft. 98 P. coRiANDRirbLiUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 528. coll. 5. t. 142.) stem herbaceous, perennial, rather puberulous; leaves bipinnate, smooth ; lobes linear, subpinnatifid. 3£ . G. Ger. coriandrifolium, Cav. diss. 4. t. 116. Jenkinsonia coriandri- folia, Sweet, ger. t. 34. Peduncles usually 3-flowered. Petals white, 2 -superior ones streaked with red. Coriander-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1724. PI. 1 foot. * * Flowers with 5 anthers and 5 petals. 99 P. LA'CERUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 532. coll. 5. t. 122.) stem herbaceous, hairy, rather erect ; leaves bipinnatifid ; seg- ments lanceolate, obtuse, toothed at the apex ; peduncles 3-5- flowered. I/ . G. Jenkinsonia lacera, Sweet, ger. 3. p. 532. Petals blush, marked with blood-coloured veins. Pedicels short, cuniculate even to the base. Jagged-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1731. PI. 2 ft. * * * Flowers rvith 7 anthers and 4 petals. 100 P. LONGICAU'LE (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 533. coll. 5. p. 125.) stem herbaceous, hairy ; leaves pinnate-parted ; segments jagged, toothed at the apex, lower ones more profound; pe- duncles 1 -5-flowered. $ . G. Petals 4-5, pale-rose coloured, veined with red. Long-stemmed Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt.? PI. long. 101 P. ANEMONEFOLIUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 535. coll. 5. 5 A 2 \ 732 GERANIACE.E. VI. PELARGONIUM. p. 1 33.) stem shrubby at the base, hairy, erect ; leaves pinnate- parted, hairy beneath, but smooth above ; lobes toothed ; pe- duncles usually 5-flowered. ^ . G. Jenkinsonia anemonefolia, Sweet, ger. 3. t. 535. Petals usually 5 in number, rose-coloured, striped with deeper veins. Anemone-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. PI. 1 foot. 102 P. CAUCALIFOLIUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 529. coll. 5. p. 145.) stem herbaceous, hairy; leaves bipinnate; lobes linear, smoothish ; peduncles 1-flowered. If.. G. Jenkinsonia cauca- lifolia, Sweet, ger. 3. t. 529. Petals white or flesh-coloured, veined with red. Caucalis-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. Mar. Sept. Clt. 1812. PI. 1 ft. 103 P. MULTICAU'LE (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 534. coll. 5. p. 126.) stems herbaceous, procumbent, smooth ; leaves somewhat bipinnatifid, toothed ; peduncles many-flowered, capitate. If.. G. Jenkinsonia multicaulis, Sweet, ger. 3. t. 534. Petals pale- violet, 2 superior ones veined and spotted. Many-stemmed Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1802. PI. procumbent. 104 P. PE'NDULUM (Sweet, ger. 2. 1. 188. under Jenkinsonia,) peduncles usually 5-flowered ; leaves bipinnatifidly jagged, hairy ; segments lanceolate, obtuse, toothed at the apex ; stem procumbent, hairy ; flowers heptandrous, 4-petalled, nectari- ferous tube keeled, a little longer than the calyx. Jj . G. Ger. lacerum, Andr. ger. icon. Petals lilac, 2 superior ones striped with dark purple. /WM/OMs-branched Stork's-bill. ' Fl. May, Aug. Clt. ? PI. hanging. * * * Flowers with 7 anthers and 5 petals. 105 P. QUINA'TUM (Curt. bot. mag. 547.) stem shrubby, flexuous ; leaves pubescent, palmately 5-cleft ; lobes cuneated, 3-toothed at the apex ; peduncles 1-2-flowered ; stamens pilose at the base ; nectariferous tube twice the length of the large calyx ; superior petals emarginate. T; • G. Ger. praemorsum, Andr. bot. rep. 150. Jenkinsonia quinata, Sweet, ger. t. 79. Flowers large, cream-coloured, the 2 superior petals marked with dark, simple veins. Quinate-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1793. Sh. 1 to 2 feet. SECT. IX. CiionisMA (from ^wpier/xoc, chorismos, a separ- ation; in allusion to the 2 lower fertile stamens being free and separate from the rest). Sweet, ger. no. 79. Petals 4, rarely 5, 2 superior ones with long claws, large, 2 lower ones much smaller. Stamens connate into a long, declinate tube, which is jointed in the middle, 7 of which are fertile, 2 lower ones of these free, the 3 sterile ones very short and awl-shaped, and about equal in length. 106 P. TETRAGONUM (Lher. ger. t. 23.) branches tetragonal, fleshy ; leaves cordate, obtusely lobed and rather toothed. *2. G. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 132. Curt. bot. mag. 136. D. C. pi. grass, t. 96. Jenkinsonia tetragona, Sweet, ger. t. 99. Flowers pink. Var. /3, trigonum (Scop. del. 1. p. 12. t. 5.) branches tri- gonal. In the same plant the branches may be trigonal and tetragonal. Var. y, variegatum (Sweet, ger. 99.) leaves variegated with white round the edges. Tetragonal-stemmed Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 foot, with reclining branches. SECT. X. ISOPE'TALUM (from i2 . G. Ger. zonale minimum, Andr. ger. icone. Very like P. scandens, but the stem is hardly a foot high. Petals pale-scarlet. Dwarf Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1 ft. 115 P. STENOPE'TALUM (Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 161. Willd. spec. 3. p. 666.) leaves roundish, obsoletely lobed, crenated, pubes- cent, zonate; peduncles many -flowered ; petals linear, narrower than the calycine lobes. Tj . G. Petals deep-scarlet. P. ribi- folium, Dum. Cours. bot. cult. ed. 2. no. 58. Narrow-petalled Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub 3 feet. 116 P. LEPTOPE'TALUM (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 84.) leaves cor- date, obsoletely 5-Iobed, slightly crenated, fleshy ; umbels many- flowered ; petals linear, about half as long again as the calyx ; nectariferous tube 4-times longer than the calyx. Tj . G. Ger. stenopetalum, Andr. ger. with a figure. Petals scarlet. Slender-petalled Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub 3 feet. 117 P. HY'BRIDUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 424.) leaves round- ish, obsoletely lobed, crenated, smooth, spotless ; peduncles many-flowered ; petals linear-wedge-shaped, broader than the segments of the calyx. Tj . G. Ger. hybridum, Lin. mant. 97. Cav. diss. 4, t. 105. f. 2. P. coccineum, Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 162. Ger. miniatum, Andr. ger. with a figure. Ciconium hybridum, Sweet, ger. 1. t. 63. This is a proper species, not a hybrid. Petals scarlet. Var. /3, rbseum (Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 161.) leaves cordately- kidney-shaped ; petals rose-coloured. Hybrid Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1732. Sh. 3 to 4 ft. 118 P. ZONALE (Willd. spec. 3. p. 667.) leaves cordate, orbi- cular, obsoletely lobed, toothed, zonate above ; peduncles many- flowered ; petals wedge-shaped, t? . G. G. zonale, Lin. spec. 947. Cav. diss. 4. t. 98. f. 2. Flowers variable in colour, red, scarlet, rose, pale, and white. Var. ft, marginatum (Cav. diss. 4. p. 230.) leaves curled and wrinkled, not zonate, but white around the edge ; branches stiff, erect. Flowers scarlet. Horse-shoe Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Dec. Clt. 1710. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 119 P. INQUINANS (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 424.) leaves orbi- cular, kidney-shaped, tomentosely viscid ; peduncles many- flow- ered ; petals obovate-wedge-shaped. Jj . G. Ger. inquinans, Lin. spec. 945. Cav. diss. 4. t. 106. f. 2. Andr. ger. icon. — Dill. hort. elth. t. 125. f. 151. The leaves stain the hands of a brown colour. Flowers bright-crimson or scarlet. Staining Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1714. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 120 P. HETERO'GAMUM (Lher. ger. t. 18.) leaves cordate, orbicular, deeply lobed, pubescent on both surfaces ; peduncles many-flowered ; petals oblong-wedge-shaped. J? . G. Ger. quinquelobum, Lam. diet. 2. p. 671. Said to be a hybrid between P. zonale and P. alchimilloides. Flowers rose-coloured or lilac. Stamens 6, fertile. Heterogamous Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1786. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 121 P. CE'RINUM (Sweet, ger. t. 176. under Ciconium,) leaves roundish-kidney-shaped, obsoletely crenated, nerved, pubescent, very soft ; stipulas cordate, toothed ; stem erect ; umbels many- flowered ; petals obovate, upper ones smallest ; nectariferous tube twice the length of the calyx. Tj . G. Petals pink, hardly lined at the base. Stamens 10, short, erect, sometimes all fertile. Perhaps a hybrid. Wax Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Dec. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 122 P. MONSTRUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 424.) leaves orbicularly kidney -shaped, obsoletely lobed, slightly zonate, complicated, curled, pubescent on both surfaces ; peduncles many-flowered ; flowers aggregate; petals linear-cuneated. Ty . G. Ciconium monstrum, Sweet, ger. 13. Flowers deep rose-coloured, of the 7 fertile stamens 2 are very short. Perhaps a hybrid.' Monstrous Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1784. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 123 P. MICRA'NTHUM (Sweet, ger. 295. under Ciconium,) stem shrubby, fleshy; leaves cordately-kidney-shaped, orbi- cular, sharply 5-lobed, crenated, pubescent ; stipulas cordate, ciliated ; umbels many-flowered ; petals roundish-ovate, some- what emarginate, half as long again as the calyx ; nectariferous tube twice the length of the calyx. Ij . G. Flowers small, bright scarlet. Small-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. ? Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 124 P. BENTINCKIA'NUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 664.) leaves cor- date, orbicular, bluntly 5-7-lobed, crenated, soft, velvety on both surfaces ; umbels many-flowered, velvety ; petals obovate, nearly equal ; nectariferous tube 5-times longer than the calyx. Jj . G. Petals of an intense scarlet colour. Ciconium Bentinckianum, Sweet, hort. brit. 85. Ger. cren&tum, var. mollifoliatum, Andr. ger. icon. Bentinck's Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. ? Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 125 P. FOTHERGILLII (Sweet, ger. t. 266. under Ciconium,') stem nearly erect, branched ; leaves kidney-shaped, 5-lobed, crenated, zonate ; stipulas cordate, oblong, acute, ciliated ; pe- duncles very long ; umbels many-flowered ; petals obovate, veiny ; nectariferous tube 3-times longer than the calyx. Tj . G. Petals striped with dark purple. Var. a, coccineum (Sweet, 1. c. f. a.) flowers scarlet. Var. fs, purpureum (Sweet, 1. c. f. b.) flowers of a purplish rose-colour. Fothergill's Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. ? Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 126 P. CRENA'TUM (Sweet, ger. t. 345. under Ciconium,) leaves broad, kidney-shaped, obsoletely lobed, coarsely crenated, pu- bescent; stipulas large, with wavy reflexed margins; umbels many-flowered ; bracteas numerous, variable ; petals wedge- shaped, upper ones much the smallest ; nectariferous tube short, pedicellate, twice the length of the reflexed calyx. Tj . G. Ger. crenatum, Andr. ger. icon. Petals bright-scarlet. Crenate-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Sh. 2 to 4 feet. A list of garden Hybrids belonging to the present section Ci- conium. 1 P. reticulatum (Sweet, ger. t. 143.) Flowers scarlet. 2 P. tzqualiflorum (Sweet, hort. brit. 84.) Flowers scarlet. 3 P. oxyphyllum (Sweet, hort. brit. 84.). Ger. miniatum, var. album, Andr. ger. icon. Flowers white. 4 P. bractebsum (D. C.) Flowers scarlet. 5 P- glabrifolium (Sweet, ger. 363.) Flowers scarlet. SECT. XII. POLYA'CTIUM (from TTO\V, poly, many, and aicrioy, action, a ray ; in allusion to the numerous flowers. D. C. prod. 1 . p. 655.) Segments of calyx nearly equal, revolute. Petals 5, nearly equal, obovate. Stamens 10, 5 of which are antheri- ferous, the 4 lower ones are long and awl-shaped, the superior one broad and spatulate, reflexed at the apex, the fertile ones short and incurved at the apex. Petals all marked with a large dark-brown spot, hardly margined with yellow. 127 P. MULTIRADIA'TUM (Wendl. coll. with a figure) almost stemless ; lower leaves pinnate, hairy, with pinnatifid segments ; lobes oblong, obtuse, deeply toothed ; upper leaves smoothish, bipinnatifid ; umbels 20-30-flowered ; nectariferous tube 4-times longer than the calyx. "%. G. Root tuberous, Sweet, ger. 145. Petals black. Many-rayed Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 ft. 734 GERANIACE.&. VI. PELARGONIUM. SECT. XIII. PEBI'STERA (from Trtptarepa, perislera, a pigeon ; leaves of most of the species resembling those of the Common Dove's-foot, Ger. columblnum). D. C. prod. 1. p. 655. Petals nearly equal between themselves, and about the length of the calyx or a little longer. Stamens 10, the 5 longest ones nearly equal, antheriferous, the 5 alternate ones very short and sterile, toothformed. Caulescent herbs with the habit of Geranium and Erodium. 128 P. COLUMBINUM (Jacq. schoenbr. 2. p. 4. t. 133.) many- stemmed, diffuse, procumbent ; leaves cordate, roundish, many- parted ; lobes trifid ; lobules linear ; peduncles many-flowered ; flowers 4-anthered. If. . G. Ger. alceoides, Lin. spec. 948. ? Petals purple, oblong-linear. Dove's-foot-lewed Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Dec. Clt. 1795. PI. procumbent. 129 P. PUOCU'MBENS (Pers. ench. 2. p. 229.) plant procum- bent ; leaves cordate, rather lobed, crenate, toothed ; peduncles usually 2-flowered ; flowers 4-anthered. 2f . G. Ger. pro- cumbens, Andr. bot. rep. 254. Petals small, 2 superior ones white, 3 lower ones purple ; all spotted in the middle. Procumbent Stork's-bill. FL April, May. Clt. 1801. PI. procumbent. 130 P. HUMIFU'SUM (Willd. enum. suppl. 47.) many-stemmed, procumbent ; leaves cordate, somewhat 3-parted, or 5-lobed, toothed; peduncles 3-5-flowered ; flowers 4-5-anthered. 0. H. Native of the Canary Islands. Jacq. eel. 1. t. 99. Sweet, ger. t. 42. Ger. decumbens, Balb. cat. hort. taur. 1813. app. 1. p. 11. Petals small, all spotted in the centre, 2 superior ones white, 3 inferior ones purplish. Trailing Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Oct. PI. trailing. 131 P. CHAM/EDRYFOLIUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 523.) much branched, procumbent ; leaves elliptic, obtuse, covered with hoary pubescence, toothed; peduncles usually 2-flowered ; flowers 5-anthered. "%.. G. Petals white, length of calyx, marked with a blood-coloured patch in the middle. Chamcedrys-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. PI. procumbent. 132 P. AUSTRA'LE (Willd. spec. 3. p. 657.) diffuse, pro- cumbent ; leaves cordate, rather lobed, villous beneath ; pedun- cles many-flowered; flowers 5-anthered. If.. G. Native of New Holland. Jacq. eel. 1. p. 149. t. 100. Petals rose-co- loured, 2 superior ones spotted. Southern Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1792. PI. pro- cumbent. 133 P. GLOMERA'TUM (Jacq. eel. 1. p. 146. t. 98.) stem suf- fruticose, diffuse ; leaves cordate, ovate, obsoletely lobed, ob- tusely crenated, villous beneath ; umbels many-flowered, crowded, petals rather larger than the calyx, nearly equal between them- selves ; nectariferous tube very short, nearly obsolete. "If. . G. Native of New Holland. P. australe, Sweet, ger. 68. but not of Willd. Ger. glomeratum, Andr. ger. icon. P. australe ft, Willd. enum. 707. Petals white, 2 upper ones spotted with red. Glomerate-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1792. PI. diffuse. 134 P. ALTHJEOIDES (Lher, ger. t. 10.) diffuse, procumbent; leaves cordate, ovate, villous, 3-lobed, toothed, upper ones si- nuated; umbels many-flowered; flowers 5-anthered. 7£. G. Jacq. coll. 4. p. 185. t. 21. f. 2. Ger. althaeoides, Cav. diss. 4. t. 123. f. 2. Petals white, spotted with red in the middle, wedge-shaped, equal in length with the calyx. Hollyhock-like Stork's-bill. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1724. PI. procumbent. SECT. XIV. PELA'RGIUM (from irc\apyof,pelargos, a stork, see genus. D. C. prod. 1. p. 658. Pelarg6nium, Sweet, ger. no. 41.). Petals 5, unequal, 2 upper ones approximate. Stamens 10, unequal, 7 of which are antheriferous, 3 sterile ones awl- shaped. Series I. Isopetaloldea (from t2 . G. Sweet, ger. t. 61. 736 GERANIACE^E. VI. PELARGONIUM. Ger. gibbosum, Lin. spec. 946. Cav. diss. 4. t. 109. f. 1. Petals of a dirty greenish-yellow colour, sweet-scented in the evening. Gibbous-stemmed Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1712. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 161 P. APIIFOLIUM (Jacq. eel. 1. t. 27.) stem shrubby, fleshy, thick ; leaves pinnate, with wedge-shaped, pinnatifid leaflets, and jagged lobes ; umbels many-flowered. Jj . G. Petals with a dirty-yellow margin, and dark-brown disk. Anthers 7, with the nectariferous tube hardly conspicuous. Celery-leaved Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. ^^a^ ' ' "" * * * * Tristia (from tristis, sad ; colour of flowers). Plants almost stemless. Roots tuberous and fasciculately -tuberous. Leaves decompound, jagged, or undivided and lobed. Petals \ from yellow to dtrty-bromn. 1C2 P. FLA'VUM (Ait. hort. kew, ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 418.) sub- caulescent; leaves bipinnately-decompound, jagged, hairy; seg- ments linear ; umbels many-flowered. 3£ . G. Sweet, ger. 254. Ger. daucifolium, Murr. comm. goett. 1780. p. 13. t. 4. Cav. diss. 4. t. 120. f. 2. Ger. flavum, Lin. fil. suppl. 257. Petals dirty-yellow, smelling at night. Far. ft. daucoides (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 522.) lobes of leaves rather lanceolate ; flowers pale-yellow, marked with red lines. JWfero-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. Jul. Oct. Clt. 1724. PI. 1ft. 1G3 P. MILLEFOLIA'TUM (Sweet, ger. 230.) plant nearly stem- less ; leaves decompound, smooth ; leaflets jagged, with chan- nelled, linear segments ; umbels many-flowered ; calyxes re- flexed ; nectariferous tube almost sessile, and 5 times longer than the calyx, y.. G. Root tuberous, branching out into many tubers of different sizes and shapes. Petals of a dingy-brown colour, and darker in the centre. Milfoil-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Oct. PI. i foot. 164 P. APPENDICULA'TUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 651.) stemless; leaves bipinnate, villous ; lobes linear ; stipulas adnate to the petioles, dilated and ovate at the apex ; umbels many-flowered, hairy. If. G. Ger. appendiculatum, Cav. diss. 4. p. 262. t. 121.f. 2. Corolla violet. Appendiculate Stork's-bill. PI. \ foot. 165 P. FILIPENDULIFOLIUM (Sweet, ger. t. 85.) nearly stem- less ; leaves hairy, pinnate ; leaflets bipinnate, with ovate-toothed, acutish segments ; umbels many-flowered, rather hairy. If . G. P. triste ft, Sims, bot. mag. 1641. The flowers are the colour of those of P. triste. Dropivort-leavedStork's-bM. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1812. PI. 1 ft. 166 P. HERACLEIFOLIUM (Sweet, ger. t. 211.) stemless; um- bels many-flowered ; lower leaves oblong, entire, and jagged ; upper ones pinnatifid and pinnate, clothed with a kind of pow- dery pubescence, with the segments and leaflets oblong, obtuse, smuately lobed, and with unequal, blunt teeth ; nectariferous tube 3 times longer than the reflexed calyx, y. . G. Root a hard woody tuber. Petals of a dull-greenish straw-colour, marked near the centre with 2 obscure, purplish spots. Corv-Parsnip-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot. 107 P. Tiii'sTF. (Ait. hort. kj . G. Seb. mus. 1. t. 26. f. 2. Ger. cueullatum, Lin. spec. 946. Cav. diss. 4. p. 241. t. 106. f. 1. Flowers purplish-red, with darker veins. Var. /3, striatiflbrum (Sweet, hort. brit. 79.) petals striped. This variety is called Prince Regent in the gardens. Var. y, major (Sweet, 1. c.) This is a fine variety. It is called Royal George in the gardens. Var. S, grandiflbrum (Sweet, 1. c.) A fine large-flowered variety. Hooded-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Nov. Clt. 1690. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 220 P. COCHLEA'TUM (Willd. enum. suppl. 48.) leaves orbicu- larly-ovate, rather cordate, concave, somewhat angular, serrated, pubescent ; umbels 5-flowered ; nectariferous tube length of calyx. f; . G. P. concavifolium, Hortul. Flowers purplish. Shell-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Nov. Shrub 2 to 3 ft. 221 P. CARDIIFOLIUM (Sweet, ger. t. 15.) leaves cuneate, cu- cullate and plaited, somewhat 5-lobed, cartilaginously-toothed, many-nerved, pubescent ; branches puberulous ; umbels many- flowered ; nectariferous tube twice the length of the calyx. Tj . G. Flowers pale-purple. The 2 superior petals are hardly larger than the rest, marked with a dark-purple spot in the middle of each, and rather lined. Cockle- leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1816. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 222 P. BROADLEVY.S: (Andr. ger. icon, under Geranium,) pilose ; lower leaves 5-lobed, upper ones 3-lobed ; umbels many- flowered ; nectariferous tube longer than the calyx ; lower petals lanceolately-spatulate. >j . G. Petals purple, upper ones with u dark centre. Broadley's Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 223 P. ACERIFOLIUM (Lher. ger. t. 21. but not of Cav.) leaves cuneated at the base and entire, palmately 5-lobed at the apex, toothed, many-nerved, rather villous ; branches and peduncles hairy ; umbels usually 5-flowered ; stipulas cordate, ovate ; nec- tariferous tube a little shorter than the calyx. ^ . G. Ger. citriodorum, Cav. icon. 1. p. 6. t. 8. Flowers pale-purplish. Maple-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1784. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 224 P. MACULA'TUM (Andr. ger. icon, under Geranium,) leaves cuneated at the base, obsoletely 5-lobed, unequally-toothed, hairy ; umbels several-flowered ; nectariferous tube about the length of the calyx ; petals nearly equal. Jj . G. Petals blush, 2 upper ones with a dark-purple centre. Spotted-peta\led Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1796. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 225 P. ANGULOSUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 426.) leaves trun- cate at the base, rather cucullate, roundish, obtusely 5-lobed, toothed, pubescent; stipulas cordate, ovate, acuminated; branches and peduncles hispid ; umbels numerous, 4-6-flowered ; nectari- ferous tube one-half shorter than the calyx. Tj . G. Ger. acerifolium, Cav. diss. 4. t. 112. f. 2. but not of Lher. — Dill, hort. elth. t. 129. f. 156. Flowers pale-purplish. Angular-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1724. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 226 P. RUGOSUM (Andr. ger. icon, under Geranium,') leaves cordate, 5-7-lobed, plicately-wrinkled, very hairy, of a brownish- colour, unequally-toothed ; umbels 4-flowered ; nectariferous tube shorter than the calyx ; upper petals emarginate, lower ones ovate. Tj . G. Petals dirty-red, upper ones with 3 branched lines, and a spot at the end of these branched lines ; lower petals with 3 simple lines. Wrinkled-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 227 P. ERUBE'SCENS (Spin. cat. 1809. p. 27.) leaves on long footstalks, rather villous, lobed, denticulated, rounded at the base, with the margins and nerves red ; branches villous ; um- bels 4-5-flowered. Tj . G. Flowers like those of P. aceri- folium. Perhaps a hybrid. Reddish-leaved Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 228 P. BARRINGTO'NH (Willd. enum. 706.) leaves kidney- shaped, obtuse, cucullate, denticulated, pilose on both surfaces ; umbels many-flowered. (j . G. P. Tormanni, Dietr. beschr. gaertn. 3. Aug. 235. Flowers of a deep violet-colour. Harrington's Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Oct. Shrub 1 to 3 ft. 229 P. RI'GIDUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 681.) leaves roundish, truncate at the base, 3-lobed, obtuse, flat, rather scabrous, with curled denticulated margins ; umbels many-flowered. Tj . G. Shrub stiff". Petals whitish, oblong, 2 superior ones coloured with 2 violet lines at the base. Stiff-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1790. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 230 P. DECO'RUM (Sweet, ger. new series, t. 15.). leaves sub- cordate, rather trifid, stiff", sharply-serrated, glandularly-pilose both beneath and on the margins, reflexed at the apex, with acutely-lobed segments ; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, subcordate ; umbels 2-3-flovvered ; petals obcordate ; nectari- ferous tube about equal in length to the calyx. V% . G. Petals pale-lilac, with a bright dark-purple patch in the centre, below which are some lines. Shervy Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1825. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 231 P. SEMITRI'LOBUM (Jacq. schoenbr. t. 130.) leaves trun- cate at the base, and somewhat cuneated, trifid, flat, hairy ; lobes divaricate, serrated at the apex ; peduncles usually 2-flowered ; lower petals linear. Tj . G. Petals pale flesh-coloured, 2 su- perior ones striped with blood-colour at the base. Half-three-lobed-lezved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. . 232 P. VITIFOLIUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 425.) leaves cordate, 3-lobed, rather scabrous, obtuse, toothed ; stipulas broad-cor- date ; stem erect ; umbels many-flowered ; nectariferous tube 3 times shorter than the calyx. Jj . G. Ger. vitifolium, Lin. spec. 947. Cav. diss. 4. t. 111. f. 2. Petals rose-coloured, 2 superior ones striped with dark-purple. GERANIACE^E. VI. PELARGONIUM. 741 Vine-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1724. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 233 P. CAPITATUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 425.) leaves cor- date, lobed, waved, villous, toothed ; stipulas broad-cordate ; stems diffuse; umbels many- flowered, capitate; nectariferous tube 3-times shorter than the calyx. ^ • G. Ger. capitatum, Lin. spec. 947. Cav. diss. 4. p. 105. f. 1. Ger. rosa, Hortul. Leaves smelling like the rose. Petals pale-purple, 2 superior ones lined. Capitate-Cowered Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1690. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 234 P. RU'BIDUM (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 87.) lower leaves cor- date, and shortly 5-lobed, hairy ; upper ones 3-lobed, rather cuneated at the base ; umbels 4-flowered ; nectariferous tube rather shorter than the calyx. Ij . G. Petals reddish-purple, upper ones streaked at the base. P. rubens, Andr. ger. icon. Reddish-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 235 P. RU'BENS (Willd. enum. suppl. 48.) leaves rather cor- date, acute, 5-lobed, serrated ; umbels 5-flowered, subcapitate ; pedicels hardly longer than the involucre ; nectariferous tube 4 times shorter than the calyx, fj . G. Petals pale-violet, 3 lower ones bifid, marked with a simple blood-coloured line, 2 upper ones marked with 4 branched lines. .Red-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Oct. Shrub 1 to 3 ft. § 6. Crispa. Leaves lobed ; lobes acutely-toothed at the apex. 236 P. TRICUSPIDA'TUM (Lher. ger. t. 30.) leaves cuneated at the base, trifid ; middle lobe stretched out, serrated, with the rib muricated beneath ; peduncles 2-flowered ; nectariferous tube length of calyx. fj . G. Petals white, 2 superior ones spotted with purple. Perhaps a hybrid. Tricuipidate-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1780. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 237 P. SCA'BRUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 430.) leaves cuneated at the base, trifid, scabrous ; lobes lanceolate, loosely-serrated ; peduncles 1 -4-flowered; nectariferous tube shorter than the calyx. ^. G. Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 542. Lher. ger. t. 31. Ger. scabrum, Lin. spec. 946. Cav. diss. 4. t. 108. f. 1. Petals rose-coloured, 2 upper ones lined. Lateral lobes of leaves bifid. Scabrous Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Oct. Clt. 1775. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 238 P. HERMANNIFO'HUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. p. 545.) leaves wedge-shaped, distich, scabrous, plicate, truncate at the apex, deeply-toothed ; peduncles 2-flowered, short ; nectariferous tube a little longer than the calyx. Tj . G. Ger. hermannifolium, Lin. mant. 569. Berg, cap. 177. Petals white, hardly flesh- coloured, 2 superior ones lined at the base with 2 purple stripes. Hermannia-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. April, June. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 239 P. CITRIODO'RUM (Andr. ger. icon, under Geranium,} much branched, very slender ; leaves small, cordate, lower ones 5-lobed, upper ones 3-lobed, with stiffer hairs on the margins and nerves ; flowers solitary, terminal ; nectariferous tube about the length of the calyx ; upper petals obcordate. Tj . G. Petals white, 2 upper ones marked with red at the base. Citron-scented Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 240 P. CRI'SPUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 430.) leaves distich, roundish, fleshy, rather cuneated at the base, trifid, wavedly- plicate, scabrous, toothed; peduncles usually 2-flowered ; necta- riferous tube length of calyx. Tj . G. Lher. ger. t. 33. Ger. crispum, Lin. mant. 257. Cav. diss. 4. t. 109. f. 2. Leaves with the scent of balm. Petals purplish, 2 superior ones lined. CarZed-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1774. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 241 P. UNIFLO'RUM (Spreng. nov. prov. p. 32.) leaves 3-lobed, toothed, rather glaucous, shining above ; peduncles 1 -flowered, elongated ; superior petals emarginate. Tj . G. Perhaps only a variety of P. crispum. One-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Aug. Shrub 1 to 3 ft. 242 P. EXSTIPULA'TUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 431.) leaves truncately-cordate, 3-lobed, toothed, hoary-velvety ; stipulas almost wanting ; peduncles 3-4-flowered ; nectariferous tube 3 times longer than the calyx. 17 . G. Ger. exstipulatum, Cav. diss. 4. t. 123. f. 1. Ger. suaveolens, Andr. ger. icon. — Lher. ger. t. 35. Petals pale-violet, upper ones lined. JExstipulate-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1779. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 243 P. TERNA'TUM (Jacq. icon, rar, 3. t. 544.) leaves ternate, cucullate, scabrous ; lobes wedge-shaped, deeply-serrated at the apex, middle one trifid ; peduncles 1 -2-flowered; nectariferous tube a little longer than the calyx. T? . G. Sweet, ger. 165. Curt. bot. mag. 428. Ger. ternatum, Lin. suppl. 306. Cav. diss. 6. t. 107. f. 2. Plant rather glaucous. Petals rose-coloured, 2 superior ones marked with blood-coloured lines. Ternafe-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1789. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. §7. Rddula. Leaves parted beyond the middle : with the lobes either cut, toothed, or pinnatifid. 244 P. auERciFo'tiuM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 420. Lher. ger. t. 14.) leaves cordate, pinnatifid, with roundish recesses; lobes obtuse, crenated ; branches and petioles hispid ; umbels many- flowered ; nectariferous tube rather longer than the calyx. >j . G. Ger. quercifolium, Lin. suppl. 306. Cav. diss. 4. t. 119. f. 1. Ger. terebinthinaceum, Murr. comm. goett. 1785. t. 4. Petals purplish rose-coloured ; the upper ones lined. Leaves with a heavy scent. Var, (3, bipinnatifidum (Lher. ger. t. 15.) leaves twice pinna- tifid. Oak-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1774. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 245 P. GRAVE' OLENS (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 423.) leaves pal- mately 7-lobed ; lobes oblong, obtuse, toothed, with revolute margins ; umbels many-flowered, rather capitate ; nectariferous tube shorter than the calyx. 17 . G. Lher. ger. t. 17. Ger. terebinthinaceum, Cav. diss. 4. p. 250. t. 114. f. 1. Var, j3, variegdtum (Sweet, hort. brit. 82.) leaves striped. Ger. capitatum var. Andr. ger. icon. Petals pale-purple. Strong -scented or Odour of Rose Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 246 P. GLUTINO'SUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 426.) leaves cor- date, hastately 5-angled, toothed, clammy, smoothish ; umbels 2-4-flowered ; nectariferous tube a little longer than the calyx. Jj . G. Lher. ger. t. 20. Curt. bot. mag. 143. Jacq. icon, rar. t. 131. Ger. glutinosum, Cav. diss. 4. t. 108. f. 1. Ger. cratsegifolium, Roth, abh. t. 9. but not of Thunb. Petals pale rose-colour or white, with purple lines, superior ones marked with long spots. There is a variety with the leaves marked with black in the middle. Clammy Stork's-bill. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1777. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 247 P. VISCOSI'SSIMUM (Sweet, ger. t. 118.) leaves palmately 5-7-lobed, and are, as well as the stem, clammy ; segments flat, sinuated or toothed, recurved at the top ; umbels capitate, many-flowered; petals oblong, obtuse ; calyxes very blunt; nec- tariferous tube a little longer than the calyx. Tj . G. Petals white and flesh-coloured, 2 upper ones lined with red. Very-viscid Stork's-bill. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 248 P. HI'SPIDUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 677.) leaves palmatifid, tomentose, hispid ; lobes acuminated, deeply-toothed ; umbels panicled, many-flowered ; nectariferous tube one-half shorter \ 7*2 GERANIACEyE. VI. PELAKGONIUM. than the calyx. Tj . G. Ger. hispidum, Lin. suppl. 303. Cav. diss. 4. t. 110. f. 1. Flowers small. Hispid Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1790. Shrub 1 to 3 ft. 249 P. RA'DULA (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 423.) leaves palmately- parted, scabrous ; lobes narrow, pinnatifid, with revolute mar- gins ; segments linear ; umbels few-flowered ; nectariferous tube 3 times shorter than the calyx, fy . G. Lher. ger. t. 16. Ger. Radula, Cav. diss. 4. t. 101. f. 1. Ger. revolutum, Jacq. icon. rar. t. 133. Petals pale-red, lined with darker veins. Var, /3, roseum (Willd. spec. 3. p. 679.) segments of leaves linear-lanceolate. Leaves smelling like the rose. A hybrid be- tween P. Radula and P. graveolens. Rasp-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. March, July. Clt. 1774. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 250 P. BALSA'MEUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 543.) leaves pal- mate-parted, rather scabrous, cuneated at the base ; lobes lan- ceolate, remotely toothed ; umbels few-flowered ; nectariferous tube very short, fj . G. Petals flesh-coloured, oblong, 2 su- perior ones rather spotted at the base. Balsam-scented Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1790. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 251 P. A'SPERUM (Willd. spec. 8. p. 678.) leaves rather pal- mately-lobed, scabrous; lobes 5-7, oblong, obtuse, with curled denticulated margins ; umbels usually 5-flowered, capitate ; nec- tariferous tube shorter than the calyx. Ij . G. Ger. Radula, Roth. abh. p. 51. t. 10. Bracteas of involucre large, ovate, acute. Petals flesh-coloured, 2 upper ones lined with red. Rough-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1795. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 252 P. DENTICULA'TUM (Jacq. schcenb. 2. t. 135.) leaves pal- mate-parted, clammy, smooth ; lobes linear, pinnatifid, repand- ly-toothed, flattish ; umbels few-flowered ; nectariferous tube very short; superior petals bifidly-emarginate. \ . G. Petals oblong-cuneated, flesh-coloured, two superior ones spotted with red. Toolhletted-leiLved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1789. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. f Species of Pelargonium not sufficiently known. * Acaulia. Stemless plants referable to Sections Hoarea and Dimacria. 253 P. ANOUSTIFO'LIUM (Thunb. fl. cap. ed. Schult. 2. p. 514. under Geranium,) stemless; leaves elliptic, entire, smooth, marginated ; scape hairy, umbelliferous, i; . G. Petals linearly- obovate. Like P. longifolium. Narrow-leaved Stork's-bill. PI. % foot. 254 P. ENSA'TUM (Thunb. 1. c. under Geranium,') stemless ; leaves ensiformly-obovate, hairy ; umbel compound. % . G. Petals white, obovately-lanceolate. Sword-leaved Stork's-bill. PI. J foot. 255 P. SETI'FERUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 680.) stemless; leaves roundish, doubly serrated, pubescent beneath ; umbel 2-flowered. Tf..G. Ger. setosum, Thunb. 1. c. 517. Bristle-bearing Stork's-bill. PI. \ foot. 256 P. SIDOI'DES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 680.) stemless; leaves cordate, orbicular, tomentose ; scape bifid, umbelliferous. Tf. . G. Ger. sidsefolium, Thunb. I.e. 518. Petals blackish-purple. Sida-like Stork's-bill. PL | foot. 257 P. HETERO'LOBUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 680.) stemless; leaves trifid and pinnate, beset with bristles beneath; scape bifid, furrowed ; umbels many-flowered, i; , G. Ger. hetero- phyllum, Thunb. 1. c. p. 515. Petals obovate, white. Various-lobed-leaved Stork's-bill. PI. |. foot. 258 P. ARENA'RIUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 680.) stemless ; root long, perpendicular ; leaves pinnatifid ; lobes oblong, deeply- toothed ; scapes 2-3, longer than the leaves ; umbels 4-5-flower- ed. y..G. Ger. arenarium, Burm. ger. no. 65 — Cav. diss. 4. t. 259. Flowers reddish-purple. Sand Stork's-bill. PI. £ foot. 259 P. TRI'LOBUM (Thunb. 1. c. p. 519. under Geranium,) stemless ; leaves pinnate, with 5 ovate, ciliated leaflets ; umbels proliferous. "H . G. Petals obovate, blood-coloured. Three-lobed-leaved Stork's-bill. PI. \ foot. 260 P. PLICA'TUM (Thunb. 1. c. p. 526. under Geranium,) stemless ; leaves tomentose, pinnate, with plicate leaflets ; scape umbelliferous. 2£. G. Petals pale flesh-coloured, larger ones marked with purple. Plicate-leaved Stork's-bill. PI. | foot. 261 P. ACAU'LE (Thunb. 1. c. p. 526. under Geranium,) stem- less ; leaves somewhat bipinnatifid, hairy ; scape umbelliferous. I/ . G. Petals white. Stemless Stork's-bill. PI. £ foot. 262 P. TOMENTE'ILUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 680.) stem very short, shrubby ; leaves bipinnate, tomentose ; umbels somewhat 3-flowered. If.. G. Ger. tomentosum, Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 527. Tomentose Stork's-bill. Shrub % foot. 263 P. VILU'FERUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 680.) stem very short; leaves tripinnatifid, villous ; umbels many-flowered. If. . G. Ger. villosum, Thunb. 1. c. p. 528. Like P. Mrtum. Filli-bearing Stork's-bill. PI. i foot. * * Herbaceous plants. 264 P. APHANOI'DES (Thunb. 1. c. p. 514.) leaves 5-parted, tomentose ; lobes cut ; peduncles elongated ; umbels 4-5- flowered. If. . G. Allied to P. alchimilloides. Aphanes-like Stork's-bill. PI. 4 foot. 265 P. DONDLEFO'LIUM (Link. enum. 1. p. 187.) stem and petioles hairy ; leaves 5-lobed, acutely-crenated in front ; pedicels very long ; bracteas linear. Tf. . G. Lower leaves lobed, upper ones parted. Allied to P. tabulare. Dondia-leaved Stork's-bill. PI. £ foot. 266 P. EUPHRA'SEUM (Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 634.) leaves' cordate, trifid, cut, crenated ; petioles very long ; peduncles few- flowered. 1£. G. Euphrasia-\ik.e Stork's-bill. PI. f foot. 267 P. ACUMINA'TUM (Thunb. 1. c. p. 526.) stem herbaceous, trigonal ; leaves deeply-pinnatifid, smooth ; peduncles 2-flowered. Tf. . G. Petals white or flesh-coloured, larger ones spotted with purple. j4cuniinated-leaved Stork's-bill. PI. ^ foot. 268 P. FLEXUO'SUM (Thunb. 1. c. p. 526.) stem suffrutescent, erect ; leaves trifid, tomentose ; umbels somewhat trifid. T? . G. Petals white, larger ones spotted with purple. Flexuous-stemmed Stork's-bill. PI. 1 foot. * Shrubs nithjleshy stems. 269 P. TE'CTUM (Thunb. 1. c. p. 525.) stem shrubby, fleshy ; leaves deeply triternate, woolly ; umbels many-flowered, fj . G. Petals deep-purple. Covered Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 foot. 270 P. PI'NGUE (Thunb. 1. c. p. 527.) stem shrubby, fleshy ; leaves pinnatifid, hairy ; umbels many-flowered, f? . G. Petals white. Fat Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 foot. * * * * shrubby species. 271 P. ERYTHRS'UM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 681.) leaves oblong, serrated, tomentose ; stem frutescent ; peduncles alternate, usually 1 -flowered. Tj . G. Ger. rubens, Thunb. 1. c. p. 515. /ferf-flowered Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. GERANIACE.E. VI. PELARGONIUM. 743 272 P. EILI'PTICUM ;(Thunb. 1. c. p. 525.) stem shrubby; leaves elliptic, hoary ; umbels usually 3-flowered. T; . G. Petals blood-coloured. Elliptic-leaved Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 273 P. SERRA'TUM (Thunb. 1. c. p. 517.) caulescent, flexuous; leaves roundish, serrated, with scabrous veins ; peduncles usually 1 -flowered. Tj . G. Petals obovate, blood-coloured. Serrated-leaved Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 foot. 274 P. LANA'TUM (Thunb. 1. c. p. 518.) stem shrubby, hairy ; leaves cordate, ovate, serrated, clothed with woolly tomentum beneath. T? . G. Petals obovate, flesh-coloured, with a purple patch in the centre of each. Woolly Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 275 P. SIM:FOVLIUM (Willd. enum. 706.) leaves roundish- cordate, rather angular, mucronately-toothed ; umbels usually 4-flowered. ^ • G. Flowers pale-violet. Allied to P. speciosum. Sida-leaved Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 276 P. TO'TTUM (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 523.) stem shrubby, villous ; leaves 5-parted, scabrous ; lobes lacerately-toothed ; umbels usually 4-flowered. Tj . G. Petals flesh-coloured, larger ones spotted with purple. Hottentot Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 277 P. SPU'RIUM (Willd. enum. 709.) leaves kidney-shaped, rather distich, 3-lobed, obtuse, unequally-toothed, waved ; pe- duncles 3-4-flowered. 1? . G. Corolla violaceous, the 2 su- perior petals lined. Nectariferous tube longer than the peduncle. Perhaps the same as P. scabrum. Spurious Stork's-bill. Fl. April, July. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 278 P. PANICULA'TUM (Horn, suppl. 76. but not of Jacq.) leaves kidney-shaped, pubescent, 9-lobed ; lobes rounded, mu- cronately-toothed ; umbels many-flowered, in crowded panicles. Panicled-fiovtered Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 279 P. SUAVE'OLENS (Desf. arbr. 2. p. 465.) villous ; leaves cordate, roundish, curled, 5-lobed, sharply denticulated ; pedun- cles many-flowered ; pedicels short, and are, as well as the calyxes, very villous. Tj . G. Flowers purple. Allied to P. crispum. Perhaps P. suaveolens of Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 640. is different from this. Sweet-scented Stork's-bill. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 280 P. HORNEMA'NNI (D. C. prod. 1. p. 681.) leaves cor- dately kidney-shaped, trifid, sharply-toothed, smooth, fleshy, cucullate ; umbels 4-flowered. Tj . G. P. blandum, Horn, suppl. 76. but not of Sweet. Allied to P. tricuspidatum. Hornemann's Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 28 1 P. C ASTELLIA'NUM (Spin. cat. 1818. p. 30.) leaves cuneated at the base, cucullate, angular, toothed, scabrous ; branches and petioles hairy ; umbels many-flowered. J? . G. Petals pale rose-coloured, 2 upper ones roundish, with a dark-purple, branched mark at the base of each, lower ones linear, obtuse. Castellian Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 282 P. GRA'TUM (Willd. enum. 710.) leaves trifid, unequally and acutely toothed, undulated, pilose ; peduncles 2-4-flowered. J? . G. Plant smelling like peppermint. Petals flesh-coloured, 2 upper ones obovate, refuse, painted with dark-purple lines, 3 lower linearly-cuneated. Grateful-scented Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 1 to 3 ft. 283 P. NO'THUM (Willd. enum. p. 710.) leaves roundish-ovate, obtuse, rather trifid, conduplicate, undulately-toothed, rather pilose beneath ; peduncles usually 2-flowered ; segments of calyx erect. Tj . G. Very like P. gratum, and allied to P. crispum. Counterfeit Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 284 P. CONSANGUI'NEUM (Willd. enum. 710.) leaves 3-lobed, flat, obtuse ; lobes divaricate, unequally and sharply-toothed ; peduncles usually 3-flowered. Jj • G. Like P. gratum, but the leaves are scentless. Flowers flesh-coloured. Kindred Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 285 P. PUBE'SCENS (Spin. cat. 1818. p. 32.) leaves 3-lobed, deeply toothed, pilose, with ciliated margins ; branches, petioles, peduncles, and calyxes pilosely-pubescent ; peduncles usually 5-flowered. ^ • G. Leaves smelling like the citron. Petals flesh-coloured, upper ones roundish, painted with purple, branched lines, lower ones linear. Pubescent Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 286 P. CUNEATUM (Spin. cat. 1818. p. 32.) leaves rather villous, cuneated, 3-lobed, serrated ; umbels few-flowered ; pe- tals about equal in length to the calycine lobes. Jj . G. Petals purple, upper ones roundish, lined with dark-purple, lower ones linear, obtuse. Jferfg-e-leaved Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 287 P.WiLLDENown(Link. enum. 2. p. 190. but not of Dietr.) leaves roundish, cuneated, 3-lobed, undulately-toothed; branches, petioles, and peduncles villous ; umbels 3-4-flowered ; nectari- ferous tube longer than the calyx. Jj . G. P. pulchellum, Willd. suppl. 47. but not of Ait. Petals white, 3 lower ones oblong, 2 upper ones painted with a blood-coloured spot and lined with red. Willdenow's Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 288 P. UNICOLORUM (Willd. enum. suppl. 48.) leaves roundish, cuneated, 3-lobed, acutely and undulately-toothed; branches, petioles, and peduncles pilose ; umbels 4-flowered ; nectariferous tube one-half shorter than the reflexed calyx. Tj . G. Flowers blood-coloured, 2 superior petals with darker veins. One-coloured-fioviered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 289 P. ALNIFOLIUM (Willd. enum. 710.) leaves elliptic, ob- tuse, floral ones obsoletely-trifid, unequally-toothed, rather cu- neated at the base, quite entire ; peduncles 1 -4-flowered. T? . G. Perhaps allied to P. betulmum. Corolla flesh-coloured, the two superior petals broadest, and painted with dark-purple lines at the base. Alder-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 1 to 3 ft. 290 P. AMPLI'SSIMUM (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 48.) leaves flat, quite smooth, semiorbicular, 7-lobed, serrated, cordate at the base ; peduncles 2-5-flowered ; nectariferous tube twice the length of the reflexed calyx. Jj . G. Corolla size and colour of P. speciosum. Allied to P. grandiflbrum. Very ample-fiowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 291 P. EGRE'GIUM (Hort. belved. 71. Link. enum. 2. p. 195.) leaves ternate ; leaflets pinnatifid, pubescent ; stipulas ovate ; umbels 3-flowered ; nectariferous tube length of calyx. ^ . G. Petals scarlet. Egregious Stork's- bill. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 292 P. FRAGRANTI'SSIMUM (Link. enum. 2. p. 192.) leaves rounded at the base, lobed ; middle lobes rounded, lateral ones acutish, all acutely-serrated ; nectariferous tube 4 times shorter than the calyx. Jj . G. Petals purplish, marked with deeper branched lines. Stipulas ovate, reflexed. Very-fragrant Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 293 P. LADA'NOMA (HofFmans. in Dietr. nachr. 6. p. 68. ex Link. enum. 2. p. 192.) leaves roundish, somewhat lobed, acutely crenated ; corolla lilac. Tj • Gr. Ladanoma Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 294 P. MUNI'TUM (Burch. cat, geogr. no. 1240. voy. 1. p. 225.) smooth; leaves bipinnatifid; panicle dichotomous, fur- nished with lignescent spines. Pj . G. Fenced Stork's-bill. Shrub 2 to 3 foot. 295 P. DIVARICA'TUM (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 525.) stem shrubby, erect, smooth ; leaves multifidly-pinnatifid, smooth ; peduncles 1 -flowered. t? . G. Petals flesh-coloured, larger ones spotted with purple. Divaricate Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. \ 744 GERANIACEjE. VI. PELARGONIUM. •j- A list of garden Hybrids belonging to Section Pelargium, arranged alphabetically. nbrotanif olium, Sw. ger. 351 abutUoides, Sw. ger. n. s. 2 aceroides, Sw. ger. 242 acetabulbsum, Sw. ger. n. s. 40 acidum, Sw. ger. 261 acutidentdtum, Sw. ger. n. s. 36 acutilobum, Sw. ger. 184 adulterlnum, Lher. ger. 34 adventitium, Sw. ger. n. s. 80 ee'mulum, Sw. ger. 160 Affluens, Sw. ger. 194 aldtum, Sw. ger. n. s. 25 albinblum, Sw. ger. 359 Allenii, Sw. ger. 229 amce'num, Sw. ger. 121 anacdmpton, Sw. ger. n. s. 64 Annesleyanum, Sw. ger. n. s. 56 anthriscifblium, Sw. ger. 233 anisodonlon, Sw. ger. 398 ardens, Sw. ger. 45 ardescens, Sw. ger. 231 argulum, Sw. ger. 344 asperif olium, Sw. ger. 169 Atkinsidnum, Sw. ger. n. s. 99 alrofuscum, Sw. ger. 82 atropurpureum, Sw. ger. 152 atrosanguineum, Sw. ger. 151 atrovirens, Sw. ger. n. s. 74 augustum, Hort. aurantiacum, Sw. ger. 198 Avronidnum, Sw. ger. 364 Baileydnum, Sw. ger. 87 Bakeridnum, Sw. ger. 240 Balbisidnum, Spin. Barclayunum, Sw. ger. 304 Barnardidnum,Sw. ger. 127 basilicum, Sw. ger. 360 Beadbnics, Sw. ger. 191 Beaufortianum, Sw. ger. 138 bellulum, Sw. ger. 60 Bentinckianum, Sw. ger. 350 biflbrum, Sw. ger. 287 bipartltum, Sw. ger. 142 bipinnatifidum, Sw. ger. 62 Blandfordidnum, Sw. ger. 101 bldndum, Sw. ger. 4 Bluntianum, Sw. ger. n. s. 79 Boylece, Sw. ger. 50 bractebsum, D. C. Breestanum, Sw. ger. 64 Brightidnum, Sw. ger. 227 Broughtbnice, Sw. ger. 181 Brorvnii, Sw. ger. 146 bryonifblium, Sw. ger. 320 Burnelianum, Sw. ger. 369 calamistrdtum, Sw. ger. n. s. 32 calliston, Sw. ger. n. s. 8 caloceplialon, Sw. ger. 201 calyctnum, Sw. ger. 81 camfyliceflbrum, Sw. ger. 251 campy losepalum, Sw. ger. 379 candidum, Sw. ger. 128 carbdsinum, Sw. ger. n. s. 34 carnescens, Sw. ger. 388 cartilagineum, Sw. ger. 382 caryophyllaceum, Sw. ger. 347 chcerophyllum, Sw. ger. 257 Charlwoodii, Sw. ger. 380 chelidonij 'olium, Sw. ger. 341 chenopodifdlium, Sw. ger. 328 chrysanthemifblium, Sw. ger. 124 Clintomce, Sw. ger. 392 cldrum, Sw. ger. 366 clathratum, Sw. ger. n. s. 85 coarctdtum, Sw. ger. 70 coilophyllum, Sw. ger. n. s. 3 Colleyanum, Sw. ger. n. s. 83 Colvil/ianum, Sw. ger. 260 ColvU/ii, Sw. ger. 86 commtxum, Sw. ger. n. s. 71 compaction, Sw. ger. 70 Comptonice, Sw. ger. 122 comptum, Sw. ger. 255 concdvum, Sw. ger. 237 conchyllatum, Sw. ger. n. s. 95 concmnum, Sw. ger. 108 conclausum, Sw. ger. 305 concolor, Sw. ger. 140 concretum, Sw. ger. n. s. 23 conduplicdtum, AYilld. congestum, Sw. ger. 325 contigiium, Sw. ger. n. s. 73 cordiforme, Sw. ger. n. s. 49 coruscans, Sw. ger. 173 Cosmianum, Sw. ger. 189 cratcegtf olium, Sw. ger. n. s. 18 crenceflbrum, Sw. not figured crenuldtum, Sw. ger. 162 cril/imif olium, Sw. ger. 354 cruentum, Sw. ger. 170 Cummingice, Sw. cunefttum, Spin. cuneiflbrum, Sw. ger. 330 Curtisianum, Balb. deedaleon, Sw. ger. n. s. 100 Darnleyanum, Sw. ger. n. s. 63 Daveyanum, Sw. ger. 32 Deburghce, Sw. ger. n. s. 20 delphinif olium, Willd. Dennisianum, Sw. ger. 20 dentdtum, Andr. ger. ic. dependens, Sw. ger. 195 dijjforme, Sw. ger. 105 di/atdtum, Sw. ger. 378 Dimacriceflbrum, Sw. ger. 220 disseclum, Sw. ger. 247 dissimile, Sw. ger. n. s. 60 divergens, Sw. ger. n. s. 35 diversilobum, Sw. ger. 361 Dobreednum, Sw. ger. 253. Drakii, Sw. ger. n. s, 96 dumbsum, Sw. ger. 19 elatum, Sw. ger. 96 eratinum, Sw. ger. n. s. 28 erectum, Sw. ger. 187 eriocaulon, Sw. ger. 357 eriophorum, Sw. ger. n. s. 90 eriophyllum, Sw. ger. 141 eriosepalum, Sw. ger. 371 extmium, Sw. ger. 26 exornatum, Sw. ger. 381 expansion, Sw. not figured exquisltum, Sw. ger. n. s. 55 Exsul, Horn. Fairlice, Sw. ger. 178 fastuosum, Sw. ger. n. s. 93 fiabellif olium, Sw. ger. n. s. 48 Jldccidum, Sw. ger. 337 jlagrans, Sw. ger. n. s. 15 Jlexudsum, Sw. ger. 180 Jloccosum, Sw. ger. 129 jloridum, Sw. ger. 41 folibsum, Sw. ger. 340 Folsjdmbece, Sw. ger. 3 1 2 formbsum, Sw. ger. 120 /rdgraiu, Willd. hort. berl. t. 77 Francissii, Sw. ger. 349 fralernum, Schrank, pi. rar. mon. 1. 1. 16 glabrescens, Sw. ger. n. s. 45 glabrif olium (ac.) Sw. ger. 363 glauciif olium, Sw. ger. 179 glorianum, Sw. ger. n. s. 82 Gon-erii, Sw. ger. 333 grandidenlatum, Sw. ger. 217 grdphicum, Sw. ger. n. s. 1 1 Grenvillianum, And. ger. Grimdldice, Spin. Gurneyanum, Sw. ger. 393 hoemasticum, Sw. ger. n. s. 17 Hammer sleice, Sw. ger. 225 Harmoddiae, Sw. ger. 383 hedysarif olium (I) Sw. ger. 355 heracleif olium, Sw. ger. 211 heteromdllum, Sw. ger. n. s. 30 Hillidnum, Sw. ger. n. s. 47 Hoareceflbrttrh, Sw. ger. 133 Hoareanum, Sw. ger. 80 Humei, Sw. ger. 324 Husseyanum, Sw. ger. 92 iconicum, Sw. ger. n. s. 88 imbricalum, Sw. ger. 65 imperiale, Sw. ger. 365 implicatum, Sw. ger. n. s. 86. incanescens, Sw. ger. 203 incarnatum, Sw. ger. 308 incin'Kuwi, Sw. ger. 249 inscriptum, Sw. ger. 193 insculptum, Sw. ger. n. s. 65 insignitum, Sw. ger. 300 inslratum, Sw. ger. n. s. 78 intertextum, Sw. ger. 185 involucratum maximum, Sw. ger. 33 jatropcef olium, D. C. Jenkinsbni, Sw. ger. 154 jonquillinum, Sw. ger. 241 Kenrickce, Sw. ger. n. s. 58 Kingii, Sw. ger. 248 Lamberli, Sw. ger. 104 lasiocaulon, Sw. ger. 364 latidentatum, Sw. ger. n. s. 27 latif olium, Sw. ger. 335 latilobum, Sw. ger. 236 lanbsum, Sw. ger. n. s. 84 Lawrenceanum, Sw. ger. n. s. 22 lautum, Sw. ger. n. s. 91 laxiflorum, Sw. ger. 216 Idxulum, Sw. ger. n. s. 75 Lechianum, Spin. LeghTcecka-, Sw. ger. 377 lepidum, Sw. ger. 156 lineatum, Sw. ger. 116 Litllednum, Sw. ger. no. 72 Loudonianum, Sw. ger. n. s. 1 6 Lousadidnum, Sw. ger. 44 macrdnthon, Sw. ger. 83 magnifolium, Sw. ger. n. s. 9 magnistipuldtum, Sw. ger. 313 malacop/tyllum, Sw. ger. 397 malachrtrfblium, Sw. ger. n. s.l Mattocksianum, Sw. ger. 234 megaldnthum, Sw. ger. n. s. 3 megaleion, Sw. ger. n. s. 4. megalostictum, Sw. ger. n. s. 7 melancholicum, Sw. ger. n. s. 53 melanostictum, Sw. ger. n. s. 5 melissimum, Sw. ger. 5 mirdbile, Sw. ger. n. s. 57 mixtum, Sw. ger. 71 modeslum, Sw. ger. 204 mollifolium, Sw. ger. n. s. 77 MostyncB, Sw. ger. 10 mullrfldrum, Sw. ger. 396 multinerve, Sw. ger. 17 Murraydnum, Sw. ger. 164 miitabtle, Sw. ger. 213 ndnum, Sw. ger. 102 Na'irnii, Sw. ger. 372 nervosum, Sw. ger. 47 Nervshamianum, Sw. ger. 144 nobile, Hort. nodosum, Sw. ger. n. s. 68 notdtum, Sw. ger. 208 nubiltim, Sw. ger. n. s. 19 nummularij olium, Bot. rep. 123 nutans, Sw. ger. n. s. 66 obldtum, Sw. ger. 35 obovdtum, Sw. ger. 367 Obrienidnum, Sw. ger. n. s. 10 obscurum, Sw. ger. 39 obtusidentdtum, Sw. ger. n. s. 92. obtusilobum, Willd. obtusifblium, Sw. ger. 25 cenanthifblium, Sw. ger. n. s. 12 optabile, Sw. ger. 62 opulif olium, Sw. ger. 53 ornatum, Sw. ger. 39 Pdlkii, Sw. ger. 224 GERANIACE^E. VI. PELARGONIUM. VII. GRIELUM. 745 pdllidum, Sw. ger. n. s. 97 pannifblmm, Sw. ger. 9 papyraceum, Sw. ger. n. s. 21 particeps, Sw. ger. 49 patens, Sw. ger. 125 paucidentatum, Sw. ger. 186 pavoninum, Sw. ger. 40 pectinifblium, Sw. ger. 66 pedunculatum, Sw. ger. 346 penastictum, Sw. ger. n. s. 24 penicellutum, Willd. h. berl. 37 pertimplum, Sw. ger. n. s. 51 Peytbnice, Sw. ger. n. s. 46 phceniceum, Sw. ger. 207. picturalum, Sw. ger. n. s. 31 pinguifolium, Sw. ger. 52 piperatum, Spin. plantfolium, Sw. ger. 219 plalanifdlium, Sw. ger. 326 platypelalon, Sw. ger. 116 plectophyUum, Sw. ger. n. s. 37 pocullfblium, Sw. ger. n. s. 31 politum, Sw. ger. n. s. 87 porpkyreon, Sw. ger. n. s. 89 Potteri, Sw. ger. 147 prceclamm, Sw. ger. n. s. 67 Princeanum, Sw. ger. 386 principissce, Sw. ger. 139 psilophyllum, Sw. ger. 356 pubescens, And. ger. ic. pule her rimum, Sw. ger. 134 pulchrum, Sw. ger. 107 pullaceum, Sw. ger. n. s. 76 pukerulentum, Sw. ger. 218 pumm, Sw. ger. 334 pustulosum, Sw. ger. 1 1 pyrethrifblium, Sw. ger. 153 quadrifldrum, Sw. ger. 321 quinquelubum, Col. rip. 33 quinquevulnerum, Andr. bot. rep. 114 ramigerum, Sw. ger. 352 ramulbsum, Sw. ger. 177 recuroatum, Sw. ger. 223 recurvifolium, Sw. ger. 343 regium, Sw. ger. 368 reticulatum, Sw. ger. 143 rhodopetalon, Sw. ger. n. s. 18 Richianum, Sw. ger. 370 rigescens, Sw. ger. 112 rmgens, Sw. ger. 256 Robinsbni, Sw. ger. 150 rotund'ilobum, Sw. ger. 252 rubescens, Sw. ger. 30 rubro-cinclum, Link. rugbsum, Andr. ger. ic. Russelianum, Sw. ger. 385 scepeflbrenst Sw. ger. 58 salebrbsum, Sw. ger. 309 saturatum, Sw. ger. n. s. 33 Saundersii, Sw. ger. 205 ScarborboicE, Sw. ger. 117 scintillans, Sw. ger. 28 scitulum, Sw. ger. 390 Scottii, Sw. ger. 264 scutatum, Sw. ger. 95 selectum, Sw. ger. 190 serratifolium, Sw. ger. 221 Seymoiiria;, Sw. ger. 37 si/enifolium, Sw. ger. 159 Smithii, Sw. ger. 110 smyrniifblium, Sw. not figured solubile, Sw. ger. 24 Southcotianum, Sw. ger. 348 speciosum, Willd. spectdbile, Sw. ger. 136 speculum, Sw. ger. n. s. 52 sphcerocephalon, Sw. ger. 317 sphondyhifblium, Sw. ger. 246 Spinii, Sw. ger. 362 Stapletoni, Sw. ger. 212 Stewdrtii, Sw. ger. 353 striatum, Sw. ger. 1 succulenlum, Sw. ger. n. s. 69 suffusum, Sw. ger. n. s. 47 sulphureum, Sw. ger. 163 tanacetifblium, Sw. ger. 336 Thynnece, Sw. ger. 74 Tibbitsianum, Sw. ger. 158 tinctum, Sw. ger. n. s. 29 torrefdctum, Sw. ger. 243 tortubsum, Sw. ger. n. s. 39 triLbatum, Schrad. hort. goett. l.t. 2 translucens, Sw. ger. 395 tyrianthinum, Sw. ger. 183 urbanum, Sw. ger. n. s. 50 «r«n«»i, Sw. ger. n. s. 94 Vandesiae, Sw. ger. 7 varium, Sw. ger. 166 Veilchianum, Sw. ger. n. s. 81 veriiferum, Sw. ger. 322 venlflbrum, Sw. ger. 258 venbsum, Sw. ger. 209 veniistum, Sw. ger. 167 verbasctflbrum, Sw. ger. 157 verbencefblium, Sw. ger. 149 verecundum, Sw. ger. 316 versicolor, Sw. ger. 78 vespertlnum, Sw. ger. 239 vestifluum, Sw. ger. n. s. 26 rictorianum, Sw. ger. n. s. 6 villbsum, Sw. ger. 100 viscosissimum, Sw. ger. 118 Watsbni, Link. Wells'ianum, Sw. ger. 175 Yeatmanianum, Sw. ger. n. s. 59 Youngii, Sw. ger. 131 Zingiberinum, Sw. ger. n. s. 38 The tuberous rooted kinds, or those belonging to sections Hodrea, Dimacria, and Seymoiiria thrive best in an equal mixture of light turfy loam, peat, and sand ; and when in a dormant state, require to be kept quite dry, which commences as soon as they have done flowering, and have ripened their VOL. i. — PART. vin. seeds ; after which time they require to be kept in a cool situ- ation, out of the reach of frost, but as soon as they begin to push afresh, all the old mould should be shaken out of the pots, and from their roots ; they should then be potted afresh in new mould. In potting them care must be taken not to bury the heart of the plants ; after this they require a little water, and, as they grow, watered whenever they are dry, and if the pots get filled with roots they must be shifted into larger ones. The best method of increasing them is by the little tubers, which issue from the old bulbs, planted singly in small pots, with their tops above the surface, and kept dry until they begin to grow, when they should be watered. The commoner, free growing, shrubby kinds will thrive well in a rich loamy soil, or a mixture of loam and decayed leaves. The dwarfer woody kinds, as P. tricolor, elegans, and ovale, thrive best in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; the pots should be well drained with potsherds. The fleshy stemmed sorts succeed best in rather more than one-third of fine sand, the same quantity of turfy loam, and the remainder of peat ; the pots also require to be well drained with pot-sherds, very little water is requisite when they are not in a vigorous state. Young cuttings of all the shrubby kinds strike root freely under hand-glasses, in the same kind of soil recommended for the plants, or in pots without being covered by glasses, placed in a shady situation. Many of the kinds may be increased by slips from the roots. No genus is more liable to sport into hybrids than Pelargonium by promiscuous impregnation. All the fine hybrid varieties in the gardens have been obtained by impreg- nating one sort with the pollen of another, by cutting out the anthers of the plant intended for the female parent before they burst, and impregnating the stigmas with the pollen of another. The object of this should be to obtain a superior variety ; there- fore particular attention should be paid to those plants intended for the parents, and more so to that intended for the male parent ; for it has been observed that seedlings approach nearer to the male than the female parent. To grow geraniums in rooms, they require as much air and light as can possibly be given them, and watered regularly when dry ; and when the leaves get dusty, to clean them well with a sponge and water. VII. GRIE'LUM (from ypaia, graia, old, grey ; hoary aspect of plants). Lin. gen. 1235. Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 180. t. 36. Sweet, ger. 171. D. C. prod. 2. p. 549. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Decandria. Calyx permanent, 5- cleft, with a short tube, rather concrete to the carpels. Petals 5, inserted in the tube of the calyx. Stamens 10, connate at the base ; filaments permanent. Styles 5-10, short, capitate. Capsule of 5-10 closely concrete carpels, depressed at the apex; carpels verticillate, 1- celled, 1 -seeded. Seeds inverse. Coty- ledons leafy. Radicle oblique, superior. — SufFrutescent herbs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope, with dissected leaves, and large, solitary, axillary flowers. It is doubtful whether this genus really belongs to Geraniacece ; the habits of the plants are like those of Monsbma, but the structure of the fruit and the seeds come nearer to Neurada ; both genera perhaps more properly belong to Malvacece, but De Candolle has placed them in Rosacece, where they form a separate section, called Neuradece. 1 G. TENUIFOLIUM (Lin. gen. 578.) leaves bipinnatifid, hoary, with linear, acutish, channelled segments ; stem branched, diffuse. 1}. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Geranium grandi- florum, Lin. spec. 2. p. 958. Cav. diss. 4. t. 75. f. 1. Monsonia tenuifolia, Spreng. syst. 3. Grielum tenuifolium, Burm. ger. 1. Sweet, ger. 171. Thunb. fl. cap. 509.— Burm. afr. 53. Petals obovate, crenated at the margins, yellow, with green bases. Root succulent. Fine-leaved Grielum. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1790. PI. prostrate. 2 G. HUMIFU'SUM (Thunb. fl. cap. 509.) leaves bipinnatifid, 5C \ 746 GERANIACE.&. VII. GRIELUM. TROPJEOLEJE. I. TROP^OLUM. tomentose, with linear, oblong segments; calyx tomentose. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers one-half smaller than those of the first species. 7Va;«»gGrielum. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1825. PI. prostrate. 3 G. LACINIA'TUM (Gsert. fruct. 1. p. 180. t. 36.) stem to- mentose ; leaves unequally jagged, smooth above and shining, but tomentose beneath ; segments linear-oblong, obtuse, chan- nelled above ; stipulas linear, acuminated, longer than the pe- tioles ; calyx densely tomentose, with acute segments. 1£ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Root succulent. Flowers not half the size of those of the first species. Sweet, ger. t. 306. G. sinuatum, Licht. ex Burch. voy. 1. p. 286. Jagged-leaved Grielum. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1825. PL prostrate. Cult. Mr. Sweet says the species of this genus thrive best in sandy gravel, and the pots must be well drained with potsherds, as nothing injures them more than too much wet ; cuttings will root in the same kind of soil without glasses, in a shaded situation. ORDER LV. TROP^EO'LEjE (plants agreeing with Tro- pce'olum in important characters). Juss. mem. mus. 3. p. 447. D. C. prod. 1. p. 683. Calyx 5-parted, coloured, superior segment furnished with a free spur at the base ; lobes sometimes free, sometimes joined to- gether more or less. Petals 5, inserted in the calyx, and alternating with its lobes, unequal, irregular, 2 superior ones sessile and re- mote, fixed in the mouth of the spur, 3 lower ones unguiculate, smaller, sometimes abortive. Stamens 8 ; filaments free, closely girding the ovary, inserted in the disk ; anthers terminal, ob- long, erect, 2-celled, bursting by a double chink. Carpels 3, closely joined into a trigonal ovary. Styles 3, connected toge- ther into one, which is 3-furrowed. Carpels 3, adnate to the base of the style or axis of the fruit, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded. Seed large, without albumen, filling the cell, and conforming to the cavity. Embryo large ; cotyledons 2, straight, thick, younger ones distinct, but at length closely connected together, and also adhering to the spermoderm, but rather distinct at the base ; radicle lying within the process of the cotyledons, bearing 4 tubercles, which at length become radicles. Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 380. t. 79. Rich. ann. p. 90. St. Hil. ann. mus. 18. p. 461. t. 24. — American herbs, with a hot taste like the cress, smooth, tender, diffuse and climbing. Leaves alternate, without stipulas, stalked, peltate, entire, lobed, or 5-7-parted. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered. This order agrees with Geraniocece in the structure of the petals and calyx, but differs in the sta- mens being free, in not agreeing in number with the petals, as well as in the flowers being axillary, and in the structure of the fruit and seeds. It is curious that this is the only order in which the peculiar acrid flavour of Cruciferce is found to exist. All the species are powerfully antiscorbutic. The flowers of all are handsome. Synopsis of the Genera. 1 TROFJS'OLUM. Calyx 5-parted, upper lobe furnished with a spur. Petals 5, 3 lower ones smallest or vanished. Stamens 8, free. 2 MAGALLA'NA. Calyx 5 -lobed, spurred, 2 of the lobes deeply parted, the other 3 connected into a 3-toothed lobe. Petals 5, unequal. Stamens 8, connected at the base. I. TROP^E'OLUM (from rporratoc, tropaion, which the Latins have changed to tropce"um, a trophy ; the leaves are of the form of a buckler, and the flowers resemble an empty helmet). Lin. gen. no. 466. D. C. prod. 1. p. 683. LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, upper lobe furnished with a spur. Petals 5, unequal, 3 lower ones smallest or vanished altogether. Stamens 8, free from the base. Carpels 3, somewhat erose, kidney-shaped, indehiscent, furrowed, roundish. Seed large, filling the cell. $ 1. Leaves peltate-nerved, entire or lobed. 1 T. MINUS (Lin. spec. 490.) leaves peltate-nerved, orbicular, somewhat repand ; nerves mucronate at the apex ; petals each ending in a bristle-like point. O- H. or 2/ . G. Native of Peru. Curt. bot. mag. t. 98. Schkuhr. handb. t. 105. Nastur- tium I'ndicum, Dod. pempt. 397. Flowers deep-yellow, streaked with orange and red ; these may be eaten in salads, as well as the leaves, and the fruit may be pickled and used like capers. Calyx coloured like the petals. Var. ft, flore-pleno ; flowers double. I/ . G. This is a beau- tiful plant. Small Indian-cress. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1596. PI. trailing and climbing. 2 T. MA'JUS (Lin. spec. 490.) leaves peltate-nerved, orbicular, somewhat 5-lobed ; nerves not mucronate at the apex ; petals obtuse. O- H. or Tf. . G. Native of Peru. Curt. bot. mag. t. 23. — Hern. mex. 161. with a figure. — Plench. icon. t. 294. Flowers larger than those of the foregoing species, yellow, darker on the inside at the base, and streaked with red and orange ; these are frequently eaten in salads, as well as the leaves ; they have a warm taste like the garden-cress, and hence the plant has its common name of Nasturtium; they are likewise used for garnishing dishes. The seeds when green are pickled, and by some are preferred to most pickles for sauce, under the false name of capers. Elisabeth Christina, daughter of the cele- brated Linnaeus, we are informed by her father, observed the flowers of the great Indian-cress to emit spontaneously, at cer- tain intervals, sparks like electric ones, visible only in the even- ing. If this be the case in this plant, it is probable the whole possess the property more or less. Far. fi,jlure-pleno ; flowers double. 1£. G. This is a beau- tiful plant. Great Indian-cress. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1686. PI. trailing or climbing. 3 T. HY'BRIDIIM (Lin. mant. 64.) leaves peltate-nerved, wedge- shaped, somewhat cucullate, 5-lobed ; petals variable. I/ . G. A hybrid raised from the seeds of T. majus in a garden at Stock- holm. Flowers yellow, never perfect, therefore this plant has always been propagated from cuttings. Hybrid Indian-cress. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. ? PI. trailing or climbing. 4 T. ADU'NCUM (Smith, tour, 1. p. 158.) leaves peltate- nerved, somewhat kidney-shaped, with 5-7-lobed, mucronate lobes ; 2 upper petals lobed, mucronate, 3 lower ones smaller, fringed; spur hooked, about the length of the upper petals. Q. w. H. or I/ . w. G. Native of Peru and Mexico. T. peregri- num, Jacq. schcenbr. t. 98. Andr. bot. rep. t. 617. Ker. bot. reg. 718. Sims, bot. mag. 1. 1351. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 252. but not of Lin. Petals yellow, hardly longer than the calyx. This species is cultivated at Gibraltar in the open air, where it is called Canary-bird flower. TROP^EOLEvE. I. TROP^OLUM. II. MAGALLANA. 747 Hooked-spurred or Fringed-flowered Indian-cress. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1775. PI. climbing. 5 T. SMI'THII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 684.) leaves peltate-nerved, palmate, deeply 5-lobed ; petals all lobed and fringed ; spur straight, twice as long as the corolla. If. . G. Native of New Granada. T. peregrlnum, Lin. exclusive of the synonyme of Feuille, according to Smith in Rees' cycl. no. 4. Flowers yellow. Smith's Indian-cress. PI. cl. 6 T. DIPE'TALUM (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 77. t. 313.) leaves rather peltate-nerved, 5-7-lobed ; lobes ovate, rather mucronate, glaucous beneath ; petals 2, spatulate, crenulated. 11. G. Native of Peru on the Andes, and of Brazil. St. Hil. pi. usu. bras. no. — Feuille, per. 2. t. 42 ? and hence this is pro- bably the true T. peregrinum of Linnaeus, spec. 940. Flowers yellow. Root tuberous. Tmo-petalled Indian-cress. PL cl. 7 T. BICOL6RUM (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 77. t.313.) leaves peltate-nerved, 7-lobed, transversely truncate at the base ; petals cut, ciliated. I/ . w. G. Native of the Andes of Peru, in humid groves. The 2 upper petals small and yellow, the 3 lower ones larger, of a fine vermilion scarlet-colour. This is a very shewy species. Root tuberous. Tmo-coloitred-fiovfered Indian-cress. PI. cl. 8 T. PUBE'SCENS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 251.) leaves peltate-nerved, obsoletely and acutely 5-lobed, truncate at the base, smoothish above, and pubescently-pilose beneath ; petals lobately 2-awned, about equal in length to the calyx. G- H. Native of Peru in woods, near Loxa. Flowers yellow. Pubescent-leaved Indian-cress. Fl. June, Oct. PI. cl. 9 T. CILIA TUM (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 77.) leaves peltate- nerved, 5-7-lobed ; stipulas and bracteas ciliated ; petals quite entire, about equal in length to the calyx. 1£. or 0. F. Na- tive of Chili in woods. Flowers yellow. Cilialed-stipuled Indian-cress. PI. cl. 10 T. TUBEROSUM (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. t. 314.) leaves pel- tate-nerved, 5-lobed, transversely-truncate at the base, smooth ; petals almost the length of the calyx. I/ . w. F. Native of Peru, among decayed rocks. Roots tuberous, depressed ; these are eatable when boiled. Petals toothed according to Ruiz and Pavon, but according to H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 251. they are entire and yellow. 7«&m>M*-rooted Indian-cress. Clt. 1827. PI. cl. 11 T. BRACHY'CERAS (Hook. bot. Beech, voy. p. 14.) leaves peltate ; segments 6-7, oblong-obovate, entire, sessile ; petals cuneiform ; segments of the calyx obtuse ; spur very short and very blunt. Ij.. F. Native of Chili. Common in bushy places on the mountains about Valparaiso. Root tuberous, fusiform ? Plant weak. Short-horned Indian-cress. Clt. 1828. PI. cl. 12 T. TRICOLORUM (Sweet, fl. gard. 3. t. 270.) root tuberous; stem slender, climbing, branched ; leaves peltately divided ; segments 6-7, obovate, entire, cuspidate ; petioles cirrhose ; petals unguiculate, a little longer than the rather closed per- manent calyx, obtuse, quite entire. 11 . F. Native of Chili at Coquimbo. Root tuberous, depressed. Calyx permanent, of an orange-scarlet colour, tipped with black, with a long straight spur. Petals yellow. This is the most shewy of all the species. Three-coloured-fiowered Indian-cress. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1828. PI. cl. 13 T. PINNA'TDM (Andr. bot. rep. 8. t. 535.) leaves some- what peltate ; lobes obsolete ; flowers pinnate ; petals 5, wedge- shaped, toothed at the apex. Tj.. G. Native of? Flowers yellow. This is a hybrid plant raised from the seeds of T. ma- jus in 1800. Pinnate-flowered Indian-cress. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1800. PI. cl. § 2. Leaves peltately cut into leaflets to the base. 14 T. PENTAPHY'LLUM (Lam. diet. 1. p. 605. ill. t. 277.) leaflets 5, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, entire, stalked ; petals 2, sessile, acute, quite entire, shorter than the calyx. If. . w. F. Native of Monte Video, Buenos Ayres, and Brazil in the pro- vince of Cisplatine. Root tuberous. Flowers yellow. Five-leaved Indian-cress. Clt. 1826. PI. cl. 15 T. TENE'LIUM ; leaves peltate; leaflets 5-6, obovate, mu- cronate ; spur shorter than the calyx ; petals 5, cuneiform, on long claws, all longer than the calyx, the segments of which are obovate. 11 . F. Native of Chili. Root tuberous. Petals pale-yellow, upper ones striped with dark streaks. A very slender plant, (v. s. herb. Lamb.) Tender Indian-cress. PL cl. 16 T..LEPTOPHY'LLUM ; leaves peltate ; leaflets 7, linear, mu- cronate ; segments of calyx ovate, acute ; petals 5, bifid or trifid, crenulate, longer than the calyx ; spur slender, tapering. If. . F. Native of Chili at Santiago. Root tuberous. Stems slender. Petals yellow, (v. s. herb. Lamb.) Slender-leaved Indian-cress. PL cl. 17 T. POLYPHY'LUJM (Cav. icon. 4. p. 65. t. 395.) leaflets 5- 10, oblong or obovate, a little toothed, cuneated at the base ; petals unguiculate, rather longer than the calyx, obtuse, quite entire. (•)• ^. G. Native of Chili on the Cordilleras. Flowers yellow. Many-leaved Indian-cress. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1827. PI. cl. 18 T. E'LEGANS ; leaves peltately and deeply 5-lobed ; lobes obovate, lower ones smallest ; segments of the calyx ovate-lan- ceolate, acute ; petals spatulate, not much longer than the calyx. If. . F. Native of Chili. Calyx apparently purple or red. Petals yellow. Root tuberous. Elegant Indian-cress. PL cl. Cult. All the species of Indian-cress are very shewy, there- fore they are desirable plants in every collection. The green- house and frame species will thrive in any light rich soil, and cuttings will root freely if planted in the same kind of soil, un- der a hand-glass. The annual kinds should be sown in the open ground in April. In fact, all the species may be either increased by seeds or cuttings, whether said to be annual or perennial, because those species said to be annual are permanent, when protected from the frost in winter. The species are all climbing when supported, but if not they are prostrate. All the tuberous rooted kinds will grow well in a light soil in the open air, in a sheltered situation, all the summer, and in winter the roots may be taken up and kept in dry sand, until the spring, when they may again be planted out into the open ground. II. MAGALLANA (in honour of the celebrated circum- navigator Ferdinand Magellan, or Magallanes in Portuguese, who was the first discoverer of Magellan). Cav. icon. 4. p. 50. D. C. prod. 1. p. 684. LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-lobed, spurred, 2 of which are profoundly parted, the other 3 are joined to- gether into a 3-toothed one. Petals 5, unequal. Stamens 8, a little joined together at the base. Fruit 3-winged, 1-celled, and 1 -seeded from abortion. Seed not sufficiently known. — A climbing annual plant, with ternate leaves, and yellow flowers. 1 M. PORRIFOLIUM (Cav. icon. 4. p. 51. t. 374.) Q. F. Na- tive of South America at Port Desideratum. Climbing in hedges. Leaves divided into 3 linear entire leaflets. Leak-leaved Magallana. PL cl. Cult. The seeds should be sown in a pot of fine, light, rich earth in spring, and placed in a moderate hot-bed, and when the 5 c 2 748 BALSAMINE^E. I. BALSAMINA. plants are of sufficient size, they should be planted out into the open border, in a sheltered situation, where they will no doubt ripen their seed. ORDER LVI. BALSAMI'NE^E (plants agreeing with Bal- samina in important characters). A. Rich. diet, class. 2. p. 173. D. C. prod. 1. p. 685. — Impatiens, Lin. gen. no. 1008. — Bal- samina, Tourn. inst. 418. t. 235. Juss. gen. 270. Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 151. t. 113. Calyx of 2 sepals ; sepals small, deciduous, opposite, usually mucronate, imbricate in aestivation. Petals 4, hypogynous, cru- ciate, 2 outer ones alternating with the sepals, ending in a callous tip, upper one arched and emarginate, lower one entire, drawn out into a spur at the base ; 2 inner petals alternating with the outer ones, more petal-like and equal with each other, usually bifid or appendiculate. Stamens 5, hypogynous, closely gird- ing the ovary ; filaments short, thickened at the apex ; anthers rather connate, 3 lower ones opposite the petals, ovate, 2- celled, 2 superior ones rising in front of the upper petal ; these are sometimes 1 -celled, sometimes 2-celled. Anthers bursting lengthwise. Ovary 1. Style wanting; stigmas 5, distinct or connected into 1, sessile and short. Capsule oblong or ovate, 5-valved ; valves separating with elasticity ; central placenta ending in a slender thread, which adheres to the stigmas as in Caryophylleae, 5-angled ; angles membranous, touching the intervalvular sutures, and therefore the young capsule is 5- celled, but 1 -celled above the placenta. Seeds fixed to the placenta, pendulous, many in each cell, ovate-oblong, exalbu- minous. Embryo straight, with a superior radicle. Cotyledons flat on the inside and convex on the outside. Tender herbs, with alternate or opposite, exstipulate, feather-nerved, toothed leaves. Peduncles axillary. M. de Candolle remarks that the flowers are those of Fumariacece, the capsules of O'xaKs, the seeds of Linum, and the habit peculiar. The well-known elastic spring with which the seeds are ejected, constitutes a principal character of this order. It differs from Tropaeolece in the calyx being of 2 sepals, in the structure of the corolla and capsule, and from Oxalidece in the structure of flowers. All the spe- cies are remarkable for the singularity and varied colours of their blossoms. Synopsis of the genera. 1 BALSAMI'NA. Anthers 5, 2-celled. Stigmas 5, distinct. Valves of capsule bending inwards elastically at the apex. Pe- duncles 1-flowered. ! TYTONIA. Anthers and stigmas as in Impatiens. Berry almost globular, 5-grooved, succulent, smooth, containing 5 hard, nut-like seeds, lapping over each other at both ends. Peduncles axillary, 1-3-flowered. 3 IMPA'TIENS. Anthers 5, 3 of which are 2-celled, and the 2 in front of the upper petal 1-celled. Stigmas 5, joined. Valves of capsule revolute, inwardly from the base to the apex. Pe- duncles axillary, branched, many-flowered. I. BALSAMFNA (from balsamum, balsam ; Fuchs says this name is given because a balsam is made from the plant which is said to cure wounds ; it is, however, called balassan by the Arabs, which is most likely to be the primitive of Balsamlna). Riv. irr. tetr. with a figure. D. C. prod. 1. p. 685. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Anthers 5, all 2-celled. Stigmas 5, distinct. Capsules ovate ; valves at maturity bend- ing inwards elastically at the apex. Cotyledons thick. — Pedi- cels always 1-flowered, solitary, or aggregate. Capsules pube- rulous. Flowers easily changed to double in the gardens. $ 1. Pedicels train or aggregate. Leaves alternate. 1 B. HORTE'NSIS (Desp. diet. sc. nat. 3. p. 485.) pedicels ag- gregate ; leaves lanceolate, serrated, lower ones opposite ; spur shorter than the flower. (•)• F. Native of the East Indies, China, Cochin-china, and Japan. Impatiens balsamina, Lin. spec. 1328. Mill. fig. t. 59. Blackw. t. 583. The varieties of this elegant plant, which cultivation has produced, are nu- merous, white, rose-coloured, red, purple, striped, and varie- gated with these colours, single and double of each. Mr. Miller speaks particularly of two remarkable varieties, which probably belong to one or other of the species. The first he calls the Immortal Eagle, a most beautiful plant, from the East Indies ; the flowers of it are double, and much larger than those of the common kind, scarlet and white or purple and white, very nu- merous. The second kind he calls the Cockspur, introduced from the West Indies, which has single flowers as large as the other, but never more than semidouble, striped with red and white ; this is apt to grow to a great size before it flowers, which is very late in the autumn, so that in bad seasons there will be hardly any flowers, and the seeds seldom ripen. Dr. Wallich found this species, or one very closely allied to it, on Chundrugiri and atThankote in the East Indies. The Japanese are said to use the juice with alum for dyeing their nails red. Common Garden Balsam. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1596. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 2 B. COCCINEA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 685.) pedicels aggregate; leaves oblong-oval, serrated ; petioles with many glands ; spur incurved, about equal in length to the flower. Q. F. Native of the East Indies. Impatiens coccinea, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1256. Flowers scarlet, streaked with white. .Scarfei-flowered Balsam. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1808. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 3 B. CORNU^TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 686.) pedicels aggregate ; leaves lanceolate, serrated ; spur much longer than the flower. O- F. Native of Ceylon and Cochin-china. Burm. zeyl. 41. t. 16. f. 1. Impatiens cornuta, Lin. spec. 1328. Leaves dusky green, sweet smelling. Flowers purple or white, with the spur somewhat bowed. Capsules ovate, hispid. The Ceylonese call this species Kudaelu-kola, from kudaelu, a swallow, kola, a leaf. The inhabitants of Cochin-china use a decoction of the leaves as a wash to their head and hair, to which it gives a very sweet odour. Horned Balsam. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 foot. 4 B. MYSORE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 686.) pedicels twin; leaves oblong-lanceolate, remotely-toothed ; stem simple, fili- form ; spur straight, shorter than the flower. O- F. Native of Mysore in the East Indies. Impatiens Mysordnsis, Roth, in Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 348. Flowers small, red. Mysore Balsam. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1820. PI. i to 1ft. 5 B. SCABRIU'SCULA ; plant villous ; leaves cuneately-lanceo- late, acute, with pointed serratures, tapering to the base ; flowers axillary, twin, villous, spurless. 0. F. Native of the East Indies. Impatiens scabriuscula, Heyne, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 404. This is a small branching species. Roughish Balsam. PI. 1 foot. BALSAMINE^:. I. BALSAMINA. II. TYTONIA. 749 § 2. Pedicels aggregate. Leaves opposite. 6 B. OPPOSITIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 686.) pedicels aggre- gate ; leaves lanceolate, serrated ; spur shorter than the flower. Q. F. Native of Ceylon, in sandy places. Impatiens opposi- tifolia, Lin. spec. 1328. Rheed. mal. 9. t. 31. Flowers small, purplish-blue. Opposite-leaved Balsam. PL 1 foot. 7 B. HETEROPHY'LLA ; pedicels aggregate ; leaves linear, very long, rounded at the base, remotely and cuspidately serrated ; spur much longer than the flower. Q. F. Native of the East Indies, bordering on the district of Silhet. Impatiens hetero- phy'lla, Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 458. Leaves 6 inches long. Flowers large, purplish, with the 2 lateral petals 2-lobed, outer lobe ex- tremely large. Variable-leaved Balsam. PI. 2 feet. 8 B. FASCICULA'TA (D. C. prod. 1, p. 686.) pedicels aggre- gate, shorter than the leaves ; leaves lanceolate. O • F. Na- tive of Malabar. Impatiens fasciculata, var. a. Lam. diet. 1. p. 359. — Rheed. mal. 9. p. 93. t. 47. Flowers pale-red, with an awl-shaped, green spur. Fascicled-dowered Balsam. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 9 B. TILO (D. C. prod. 1. p. 686.) pedicels aggregate, truly deflexed after flowering, 3-times shorter than the leaves ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, tapering to the base ; spur incurved. Q. F. Native of Malabar. Impatiens fasciculata ft, Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 349. — THo, Rheed. mal. 9. p. 93. t. 49. Flowers pale, with an incurved, green spur. Tilo Balsam. PL 1 to 2 feet. 10 B. MI'NOR (D. C. prod. 1. p. 686.) pedicels aggregate, truly deflexed after flowering, 4-times shorter than the leaves, about the length of the spur ; lower leaves ovate, stalked, upper ones ovate-lanceolate, tapering to the base. O- F. Native of Malabar. Impatiens fasciculata, var. y and S, Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 349. — Rheed. mal. 9. t. 50. and 51. Flowers whitish, with a straight greenish spur. Smaller Balsam. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1817. PI. £ to 1 foot. § 3. Pedicels solitary. Leaves alternate. 11 B. LATIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 686.) pedicels usually solitary, shorter than the leaves ; leaves ovate, crenated, rather pilose ; spur longer than the flower. O • F. Native of the East Indies. Impatiens latifolia, Lin. spec. 1328. — Rheed. mal. 9. t. 48. Flowers pale-red, about the same size as those of the common balsam. Broad-leaved Balsam. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1818. PL 1 to 2 ft. 12 B. LESCHENAU'LTII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 686.) pedicels shorter than the leaves ; leaves smooth, oval, taper-pointed at both ends, crenated, lower teeth acute, glandular ; spur about the length of the flower. O- F- Native of Ceylon. Flowers red, about the size of those of the last species. Leschenault's Balsam. PL 1 foot. 13 B. BIFIDA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 686.) pedicels solitary ; leaves oblong, serrated, stalked; spur very long, bifid. O- F. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Impatiens bifida, Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 54. Flowers red ? Bifid-spurred Balsam. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1820. PL 1 ft. 14 B. CAPE'NSIS (D. C.prod. 1. p. 686.) pedicels capillary; leaves stalked, ovate, crenated, with the notches bearing hairs ; spur longer than the flower. Q. F. Native of the Cape of Good Hope in woods. Impatiens Capensis, Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 54. Flowers red ? Cape Balsam. FL June, Sept. Clt. 1818. PL 1 foot. 15 B. MOLLIS ; upper part of plant soft, villous ; pedicels filiform, half the length of the leaves ; leaves lanceolate, acu- minated, with gibbous, cuspidate serratures ; spur length of flower, with the end incurved. O- F. Native of the East Indies on Sheopore, in rich moist shady situations. Impatiens mollis, Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 461. Flowers large, purple, nodding. Soft Balsam. Fl. July, Aug. PL 2 to 3 feet. § 4. Pedicels solitary. Leaves opposite. 16 B. ROSMARINIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 686.) pedicels shorter than the leaves ; leaves linear ; spur short, rather re- curved at the end. O- F. Native of Ceylon. Impatiens rosma- rinif olia, Retz. obs. 5. p. 29. no. 79. Bert, amcen. p. 20. Leaves with spinulose serratures. Flowers small, purplish. Rosemary-leaved Balsam. PL 1 foot. 17 B. MU'TUA (D. C. prod, 1. p. 686.) pedicels usually soli- tary ; leaves lanceolate, serrated ; spur cucullate, blunt, muti- lated. O • F. Native of and cultivated in Cochin-china. Im- patiens mutila, Lour, cochin. 512. Flowers scarlet. Mutilated-spurred Balsam. PL 1^ foot. 18 B. COCHLEA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 686.) pedicels usually solitary, elongated ; leaves oblong, somewhat serrated ; spur twisted, compressed; root creeping. O- F. Native of China, and cultivated about Canton. Impatiens cochleata, Lour. fl. cochin. 512. Flowers beautiful scarlet. Stemred, almost des- titute of branches. Twisted-spurred. Balsam. PL 1 foot. 19 B. CHINE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 686.) pedicels longer than the leaves ; leaves ovate ; spur greatly arched ; stem .branched. ©• F. Native of China. Impatiens Chinensis, Lin. spec. 1328. Stem red. Flowers reddish-purple. Chinese Balsam. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1824. PL 1 foot. 20 B. PUBE'RULA ; peduncles 1-flowered, deflexed after flow- ering ; leaves elliptical, pointed at both ends, serrated, younger ones as well as the stem rather scabrous, from rough down. Q. F. Native of Nipaul. Impatiens puberula, D. C. prod. 1. p. 687. Flowers large, purplish. Puberulous Balsam. PL 1 to 1^ foot. Cult. The seeds of these plants should be sown on a mo- derate hot-bed in spring, and when the plants are about 2 or 3 inches high they should be planted into separate small pots, taking care to shade them until they have taken fresh root, replacing them in the hot-bed, after which they should have a moderate share of free air admitted to them when the weather is favour- able, to prevent their being drawn up tall and weak ; they should then be shifted from size to size of pots, until the plants have grown the size required, and when in flower, they may be placed in the greenhouse, where they will make a very shewy appearance, and seed freely. Some may be planted out, when young, in the open border in a sheltered situation, where they will flower, if the summer proves favourable. A light, rich soil, or a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, suits them best. Balsams are all shewy flowering plants, and are worth cultivat- ing for the sake of decorating greenhouses when the greenhouse plants are set out in the open air. Those grown in pots require to be often refreshed with water. II. TYTO'NIA (in honour of Arthur Tyton, F.L.S. by whose care many of the oldest inhabitants of our gardens are preserved, and more particularly many of those plants which were cultivated by Miller, which do not now exist in any collec- tion but his own). LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Anthers 5, 3 of which are 2-celled, and the 2 in front of the upper petal 1 -celled. Stigmas 5, joined together. Flowers with a remarkable gibbous spur. Berry almost globular, 5-grooved, succulent, smooth, red, size of a cherry, containing 5 hard, nut-like, obliquely-ob- long seeds, lapped over each other at both ends. Peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-3-flowered. Leaves opposite and alternate. 1 T. NA'TANS; peduncles 3-flowered; leaves alternate, linear- 750 BALSAMINE^E. II. TVTONIA. III. IMPATIENS. lanceolate, serrated; spur very short, gibbous. O- S. W. Native of the East Indies, in ponds and ditches, &c. of sweet water. Stem piped, all the parts that grow in or float on the water bending in various directions, the parts above the water are erect and branchy, the former is jointed and emit roots from the joints. Flowers large, very beautifully variegated with red, white, and yellow. When in flower this is one of the most elegant water-plants. Impatiens natans, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1175. Floating Tytonia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1810. PI. floating in water. 2 T. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS ; pedicels solitary, much shorter than the leaves ; leaves opposite, oval, crenated ; spur gibbous, almost wanting; stem simple. O- S. W. Native of Mada- gascar, in ditches and ponds. Balsamina Madagascariensis, D. C. prod. 1. p. 686. Flowers small, float. Madagascar Tytonia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1824. PI. float. Cult. This is a beautiful genus of water-plants, wortli cul- tivating in every collection. They should be grown in large pots or pans of water in a rich loamy soil, and placed in a warm part of the stove or in a hot-bed. The seeds should be sown in spring. III. IMPA'TIENS (from impatiens, impatient ; a metapho- rical name given to these plants because of the elasticity of the valves of the capsule when touched, which throw out the seed with great force). Riv. irr. tetr. with a figure. D. C. prod. 1. p. 687. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Anthers 5, 3 of which are 2-celled, and the 2 in front of the upper petal are only 1 -celled. Stigmas 5, joined together. Capsules prismatically terete, elon- gated, with the valves curling inwards from the base to the top, and expelling the seeds when touched. — Peduncles axillary, branched, many-flowered. Capsules smooth. Leaves alternate, very rarely opposite. § ]. Peduncles bearing from 2-5, but usually 3 flowers, axillary. 1 I. TRIFLORA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 1175.) peduncles 3-flowered, very short ; leaves linear-lanceolate, very long ; spur arched, longer than the flower and pedicel. ©• F. Native of Ceylon, in dry sandy places. — Burm. zeyl. p. 41. t. 16. f. 2. Flowers large, pale-red. Three-flowered Touch-me-not. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 foot. 2 I. FU'LVA (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 146.) peduncles 2-4- flowered ; leaves rhomboid-ovate, blunt, mucronately-toothed : the petal bearing the spur is longer than the rest. O • H. Na- tive of North America from Canada to Carolina, in wet shady places. Im. biflora, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1175. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 43. Im. noli-tangere ft, Michx. Flowers dark-yellow, with red spots on the inside ; spur emarginate. fuhiows-flowered Touch-me-not. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818, PI. 1 to 2 feet. 3 I. PA'LLIDA (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 146.) peduncles 3-4- flowered ; leaves rhomboid-ovate, rather acute, mucronately toothed; spurred petal dilated, shorter than the rest; spur recurved, very short. Q. H. Native of North America from New England to Carolina near springs and rivulets in shady places. Im. noli-tangere, Pursh, fl. sept. amer. 1. p. 171. Flowers pale-yellow. Plant glaucous. Pafe-flowered Touch-me-not. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817 PI. 1 to 2 feet. 4 I. NOLI-TA'NGERE (Lin. spec. 1328.) peduncles 3-4-flowered, shorter than the leaves, and spreading under them; flowers pendulous ; spur recurved at end ; leaves ovate, coarsely toothed ; joints of stem swollen. Q. H. Native of Europe and Siberia, in shady humid places; FIG. 120. in Britain, in several parts of Westmoreland ; also in Yorkshire, Lancashire, and Wales ; on the banks of Wynandermere, in little brooks and watery places, near Rudall-hall, plentifully. Smith, engl. bot. t. 937. Oed. fl. dan. t. 582. Schkuhr. handb. t. 270. Flowers large, yellow, spotted in- ternally with red. Ray says this plant is dangerously diuretic. Do- donscus speaks of its pernicious qualities. The seeds of this, as well as all the other species are thrown out with considerable force when ripe, upon being touched. Hence the specific name Noli-me-langere, and the English names of Quick-in-hand and Touch-me-not. The elasticity of the capsules has furnished names for this plant in most Euro • pean languages. In German it is called Spring-same, Spring- kraut, &c. ; in Swedish, Springkorn ; in Danish, Springkorn or Springurt ; in French, Impatiente, Ne me touches pas, and also Balsamine-jaune ; in Italian, Erba impaziente, Balsamina gialla ; in Spanish, No quieras tocarme, Balsamina amarilla ; in Por- tuguese, Melindre nao me toquis. The leaves are said by Villars to hang pendant at night ; we have not observed this. The whole plant is considerably acrid, and no quadruped, except perhaps goats, are said to eat it. Notwithstanding this, it was formerly used as a diuretic and vulnerary, and was given to relieve the haemorrhoids and the strangury. Boerhaave regarded it as poisonous. Common Touch-me-not. Fl. Jul. Aug. Brit. PI. 1 to 1| ft. 5 I. FARVIFLORA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 687.) peduncles 3-6- flowered, and are as well as the flowers erect ; leaves ovate, acuminated, serrated ; serratures mucronate ; spur straight. Q. H. Native on the Upper Irtisch, without the limits of Russia. Flowers pale-yellow, 3-times smaller than those of /. noli-tdn- gere. Leaves more blistered and larger. Small-flowered Touch-me-not. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 6 I. TRIPE'TALA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 18.) peduncles short, 1-4-flowered, sometimes more ; pedicels elongated, but much shorter than the petioles ; leaves broad-lanceolate, acuminated, serrated, with the lower serratures cilia-like ; corolla 3-petalled ; spur hooked. O- F. Native of the East Indies on the moun- tains of Silhet. Lower leaves opposite and tern. This species has a pretty appearance when in full blossom, the flowers being numerous, large, and of a lively red colour, with the nectary deeply tinged with yellow. Three-pelalled Touch-me-not. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1825. PI. 1 foot. 7 1. HAMILTONIA'NA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 204.) pedun- cles dichotomous, 2-flowered, shorter than the petioles ; leaves ovate, stalked, serrated, acuminated, tapering to the base ; lateral petals horned on the back. O- H. Native of Nipaul at Narainhetty. Flowers yellow. Im. noli-tangere, Hamilt. mss. but not of Lin. Hamilton's Touch-me-not. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 1 foot. 8 I. TRILOBA'TA (Colebr. ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 99.) pe- duncles usually 4-flowered, spreading, about equal in length to the leaves ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrated, smooth ; spur conical, acuminated, incurved. O- F. Native of Silhet. Flowers yellow. Three-lobed-petafted Touch-me-not. PI. 1 foot. 9 I. SCA'BRIDA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 687.) peduncles 3-4-flow- BALSAMlNEjE. III. IMPATIENS. 751 ered, erect, shorter than the leaves ; leaves oval, taper-pointed at both ends, serrated, younger ones on both surfaces, as well as the stem beset with scabrous down, adult ones smooth ; spur very long. © . H. Native of Nipaul. Flowers yellow. Rough Touch-me-not. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 1 foot. 10 I. oiscoLoa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 687.) peduncles 3-flowered or sometimes only 1 -flowered from abortion, shorter than the leaves; leaves smooth, glaucous beneath, and green above, rather pilose, ovate, acute, mucronately-toothed ; lower ones tapering much at the base. O- H. Native of Nipaul. Flowers yellow. Tnto-coloured-leaved. Touch-me-not. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot. 11 I. CRISTA'TA (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 456,) peduncles 2-4- flowered, equal in length to the petioles; leaves lanceolate, cuspidately-serrated, acuminated, pubescent ; upper petal with a sharp keel ; spur longer than the pedicel, incurved at the end. O« H. Native of Hungtoo in Bissepur, on the con- fines of Chinese Tartary. Stem purplish. Flowers yellow, with minute purple dots. Stem pubescent, slightly angular, hardly jointed. CVe*<«/-petalled Touch-me-not. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1827. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 12 I. URTICIFOIIA (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 457.) peduncles very long, filiform, 4-5-flowered ; leaves ovate, acuminated, ta- pering to the base, coarsely and bluntly serrated, with bristly gland-bearing crenatures ; spur equal in length to the pedicel, ample, conical, ending rather abruptly in a cylindrical horn. O- H. Native of Nipaul at Gosainsthan, in the Himalaya moun- tains. Stem jointed, smooth. Peduncles bearing 4-5, alternate, longish, slender, 1 -flowered pedicels, each having a bractea at the base. Flowers large, yellow, nodding. Nettle-leaved Touch-me-not. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 1 foot. 13 I. CALYCI'NA (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 463.) peduncles 2-flow- ered, equal in length to the petioles ; leaves ovate, acuminated, acutely serrated ; stipulas alternate, glandular ; calyx large, ovate ; spur long, cylindrical, ascending, exceeding the length of the peduncles ; capsule cylindrical. O- H. Native of Nipaul on Chitlong and on Cnundrugiri. Plant erect, branching, jointed, villous. Flowers large, yellow, netted with purple veins. Large-calyxed Touch-me-not. PI. 1 foot. 141. GRA'NDIS (Heyne, mss. in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 465.) pe- duncles 3-flowered ; leaves ovate, acuminated, on long petioles, with 2 oblong glands below the base ; spur very long. O- H. Native of the East Indies. The flowers appear to be yellow, and are by far the largest of any of the species. Greai-flowered Touch-me-not. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 15 I. FRUTICOSA (Leschen. herb. D. C. prod. 1. p. 687.) pe- duncles 3-4-flowered, equal in length to the leaves ; leaves oval, acuminated at both ends, serrulated ; lower serratures glandular, somewhat scabrous above from scattered down, velvety-pubes- cent beneath ; stem suffruticose. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies on the mountains, where it is commonly called Kave- gueda. Flowers yellow ? Shrubby Touch-me-not. Shrub 2 feet. \ 2. Peduncles many-flowered, from 6-20, axillary and ter- minal, seldom radical. 16 I. SULCA'TA (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 458.) peduncles axillary, many-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; leaves opposite, with cuspidate serratures, somewhat rounded at the base on glandular slender petioles ; stem branched, smooth, and deeply furrowed ; nectary ample, ending abruptly in a slender curved spur. 0. H. Native of Nipaul at Gosainsthan. Flowers large yellow. Furrowed-stemmed. Touch-me-not. PI. 2 feet. 17 I. BRACTEA' TA (Colebr. mss. in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 459.) racemes terminal, oblong, many-flowered, fringed witli the innu- merable long coloured hairs of the lanceolate bracteas ; leaves lanceolate, serrulated, almost opposite ; lower lip of flower very large. Spur long, ascending. Q.F. Native of Silhet in the East Indies, as well as among rubbish at Narainhetty of Nipaul. Im. insignis, D. C. prod. 1. p. 688. Im. racem6sa, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 203. Im. fimbriata, Hook. exot. fl. 146. This is a charming plant. Stem jointed, purplish. Leaves opposite and alternate. Racemes from 2-6 inches long, before expan- sion globular and capitate, afterwards oblong, beautifully deco- rated with numerous, pink-coloured, large flowers, interspersed with the dense pink hairs of the bracteas. jBracteate-flowered Touch-me-not. PI. 2 feet. 18 I. BICORNU'TA (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 460.) peduncles long, axillary, corymbose, crowded together towards the top of the stem and branches ; leaves ample, approximate, ovate, acumin- ated, coarsely serrated, a little hairy above ; nectary very large, conical, ending abruptly in a filiform spur ; its mouth furnished with a long horn-like point ; capsule cylindrical. Q. H. Na- tive of Nipaul on Chundrugiri and Sheopore, as well as on the mountains towards Gosainsthan. Plant erect, branching. Stem jointed, angular towards the top, with several thick, cylindrical, purple glands scattered along the angles, otherwise smooth. Flowers large, variegated with purple dots, disposed in axillary corymbose racemes j pedicels filiform, fascicled, or whorled, leaning to one side, supported by 3 spreading, lanceolate, bract- lets, which are at length reflexed. Tmo-horned-fiov/ered. Touch-me-not. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 191. LEPTO'CERAS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 688.) racemes axillary, panicled ; flowers on long pedicels ; leaves linear -lanceolate, elongated, tapering to both ends, with bristly serratures ; spur exceedingly long, filiform. ©• H. Native of Nipaul, on the western part ; also of Shreenugur, and among rubbish at Narain- hetty. Im. odor&ta, D. Don, fl. nep. p. 203. Balsamina odo- rata, Hamilt. mss. Im. longicornu, Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 462. A large, erect, branched, smooth, and fleshy species, with scat- tered leaves, crowded towards the top. Peduncles very slender, 3-6 inches long, naked ; pedicels approximate, an inch long, supported by ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved bracteas. Flowers yel- low, fragrant, with the upper petal concave, a little ciliated, lateral petals 2-lobed. Stem with swollen joints. Slender-horned Touch-me-not. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 20 I. UMBELLA'TA (Heyne, mss. in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 464.) umbels several, terminal, on long peduncles ; leaves crowded towards the apex of the stem, ovate, obtuse, broadly-crenated, acute, tapering to the base, equal in length to the petioles ; spur very long. Q. F. Native of the East Indies. Stem simple. Flowers probably yellow. Umbelled-fiov/ered Touch-me-not. PI. 1 foot. 21 I. RACEMOSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 688.) peduncles 7-8- flowered, racemose, about the length of the leaves ; leaves smooth, oblong, coarsely-toothed, acuminated at both ends ; spur recurved, slender, rather longer than the flower. O- H. Native of Nipaul. Flowers small, yellow. /focemose-flowered Touch-me-not. PI. 1 foot. 22 I. MICRA'NTHA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 203.) racemes corymbose, one-half the length of the leaves ; leaves elliptical, acuminated, stalked, coarsely-crenated, tapering much to the base ; spur equal in length to the pedicel ; lateral petals appen- diculate. Q. H. Native of Nipaul. Flowers rose-coloured, smaller than the rest. Small-flowered Touch-me-not. PI. 2 feet. 23 I. SCAPIFI.6RA (Heyne, mss. in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 404.) scape radical, bearing a raceme of long-stalked flowers ; leaves roundish, cordate, many-nerved, entire ; spur longer than the \ 752 OXALIDEjE. I. AVERRHOA. pedicel. O ? I/ ? S. Native of the East Indies. This sin- gular species appears to have tuberous roots. Leaves radical, almost kidney-shaped. Flowers large, apparently purplish. Scape-bearing Touch-me-not. PI. -j foot. Cult. Impdtiens is a genus of beautiful and singular plants. The seeds of the hardy annual kinds only require to be sown in the open ground in a shady situation ; those of the frame and stove kinds should be raised on a moderate hot-bed in spring, and when the plants are about 2 inches high, they may be planted out in the open border in a warm sheltered situation, but a few of them may be kept in pots separately, and placed in a green- house stove or hot-bed, to secure a sufficient quantity of seeds, these should be planted in a light rich soil. The Impatiens sca- piflora, if perennial, should be kept in the stove, and care should be taken not to give it too much water in the winter, as from its succulent nature it will be apt to rot at that season. ORDER LVII. OXALI'DE/E (plants agreeing with O'xalis in important characters). D. C. prod. 1. p. 689. Calyx of 5 sepals (f. 122. a.), or S-parted (f. 121. a.) perma- nent, equal. Petals 5 (f. 121. 6. f. 122. &.), hypogynous, equal, sometimes cohering to each other at the very base, unguiculate ; with straight claws and spreading limbs, spirally twisted in aestiva- tion (f. 121. a.). Stamens 10 (f. 121. d. c. f. 122. c.); filaments awl-shaped, erect, usually monadelphous at the base, 5 of which are opposite the petals, inner ones longest (f. 122. c.). Anthers 2-celled (f. 122. c.), not adnate. Ovary free, 5-angled, 5-celled. Styles 5 (f. 122. d.), filiform, sometimes all shorter than the stamens (f. 122. d.~); these are called very short (f. 122. d.) in the specific characters, sometimes longer than the outer stamens, and shorter than the interior ones, these are called intermediate in the specific characters ; sometimes all longer than the stamens, these are called very long, or longer than the stamens in the spe- cific characters. Stigmas usually pencil-formed (f. 1 22. d.~), also capitate and somewhat bifid. Capsule ovate or oblong, somewhat pentagonal, membranous, 5-celled, 5-10-valved, bursting length- wise at the angles. Seeds few, fixed to the central axis (f. 121. g.) of the cells, ovate, striated, younger ones inclosed in a fleshy aril, but at length bursting elastically from the aril at the apex, and the seeds are, therefore, thrown out at one end. Albumen carti- laginously-fleshy. Embryo inverse, length of the albumen, with leafy cotyledons, and a long superior radicle. — Subshrubs or herbs, rarely trees. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite or in whorls, simple and variously compound. This order was for- merly confounded with Geraniacece, but it is the opinion of Jus- sieu and De Candolle that the species are more nearly allied to Rutacea: and Zygophyllece, and that their character and pecu- liar habit are quite sufficient to distinguish them. The beauty of most of the species of O'xalis is very great, and of easy culti- vation. Their properties are well known. All of them are slightly acid, whence some have been employed as salads. Their acidity is very agreeable, and depends upon the presence of a small quantity of oxalate of potass. In some South American species, oxalic acid exists in great abundance. Several species are employed in Brasil as a remedy for certain fevers of that country. Synopsis of the Genera. 1 AVERRHOA. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 121. a.). Berries large, ob- long, 5-celled (f. 121. g.). Trees with impari-pinnate leaves. 2 BIO'PHYTUM. Sepals 5. Stamens nearly free. Stigmas emarginately bifid at the apex. Capsule ovate-globose. Sub- shrubs or herbs with abruptly-pinnate leaves. 3 O'XALIS. Sepals 5 (f. 122. a.), free, or connected at the base. Stamens monadelphous at the base. Stigmas pencil-form- ed (f. 122. (/.), rarely capitate or bifid. Capsule oblong or cylindrical. Subshrubs or herbs. Roots tuberous or fibrous. Leaves simple or 3-4-5-foliate (f. 122.). 4 LEDOCA'RPUM. Calyx 5-parted, girded by 10 linear brae- teas. Stamens permanent, free. Styles thickened. Small branching shrubs with opposite, 3-parted, linear leaves. I. AVERRHO'A (in honour of Averrhoes of Corduba, a cele- brated Arabian physician, who resided in Spain during the domi- nation of the Moors ; he lived towards the middle of the 12th century, and translated Aristotle into Arabic). Lin. gen. no. 576. Lam. ill. t. 385. Corr. ann. mus. 8. p. 71. t. 2. D. C. prod. 1. p. 689. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx, of 5 sepals (f. 121. a.), which are more or less joined together at the base. Petals 5 (f. 121. b.). Stamens 5 (f. 121. c.), alternating with the petals, or 10 (f. 121. c. d.) alternate ones, smaller, joined together at the base into a short ring. Ovary angular. Styles 5, permanent. Berry large, oblong (f. 121. g.), 5-furrowed, 5- celled, witli a few seeds in each cell, adhering to the central angle (f. 121. g.). Embryo straight, in a fleshy albumen. — East Indian trees, with alternate, impari-pinnate leaves, with alternate leaflets, racemose panicles of flowers, and eatable fruit. The leaves of A. Bil'imba are irritable to the touch, as in Biophy- tum sensitivum. 1 A. CARAMBOLA (Lin. spec. 613.) calyxes smooth; limb of petals roundish ; stamens 5 ; fruit with 5 acute angles ; seeds arillate. fy . S. Native of the East Indies and all the warmer parts of Asia, and is now cultivated in many parts of South America. — Rumph.amb. 1. p. 115. t. 35. — Rheed. mal. 3. p. 51. t. 43. and 44.— Cav. diss. 7. t. 220. Tree with a spreading head. Leaves have about 4-5 pairs of ovate, acuminated, entire, stalked leaflets, the outer ones largest. Flowers lateral, scat- tered, disposed in short racemes, usually rising from the smaller branches, but sometimes from the larger ones or the trunk itself. Calyx red. Corolla small, bell-shaped, with oblong- ovate petals, which are variegated with purple and yellow. Fruit the size of a hen's egg, acutely 5-cornered, with a yellow, thin, smooth rind, and a clear watery pulp, in many sweet, in others acid, with hardly any smell. Seeds small, oblong, angular, flatted, and brown. The stamens are in 5 pairs, each pair placed in the angles of the germ, only one stamen is fertile or furnished with an anther ; the filaments are curved, adapted to the shape of the ovary, they may be pressed down gently so as to remain, and then when moved a little upwards rise with a spring. Dr. Bruce gives a curious detailed account of the sen- sitive qualities of the petioles, and even branches of this tree. Rheede says the Carambola is a tree about 14 feet high, and hardly a foot in girth, with a brown bark ; that it bears fruit 3 times a year, from the age of 3 to 50 years, that the root, leaves, and fruit are used medicinally, either alone or with Areca or Betel leaves ; that the latter, when ripe, are esteemed deli • cious ; unripe are pickled ; and that they are also used in dyeing and for other economical purposes. Burman says that the acid OXALIDE^E. I. AVERRHOA. II. BIOPHYTUM. III. OXALIS. 753 juice of this is not so pleasant as that of A. Bilimba, that the fruit is rather larger, and is used for the same purposes, and that it is a very beautiful tree. In Bengal the tree is called Camruc and Camrunga ; in Malabar, Tamara-tonga ; the Bra- mins and Portuguese call it Carambolas. Carambola Averrhoa. Clt. 1793. Tree 14 to 20 feet. FIG. 121. 2 A. BILI'MBI (Lin. spec. 613.) calyxes pubescent ; limb of petals oval-oblong ; stamens 1 0 ; fruit obtuse-angled ; seeds without aril. Jj . S. Native of Goa and many other parts of the East Indies, both within and without the Gan- ges, and is now cultivated in many parts of South America. — Cav. diss. 7. t. 219. — Rumph. atnb. 1. p. 115. t. 85. — Rheed. mal. 3. p. 51. t. 45 and 46. This is a small tree, with a few reclining branches. The leaves have from 5-10-pairs of ovate-lanceolate, entire, smooth leaflets on short stalks. The flowers are reddish-purple, dis- posed in racemes, rising from the trunk. The fruit is oblong, somewhat resembling a small cucumber, with a thin, smooth, green rind, filled with a grate- ful acid juice, and the substance and seeds not unlike that of a cucumber. A syrup is made of the juice and a conserve of the flowers, which are esteemed excellent in fevers and bilious disorders. The tree is called Eilimbi in Malabar. Bilimbi or Cucumber-tree. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1791. Tree 8 to 15 feet. Cult. These are very pretty trees, and will thrive well in a light sandy loam. Ripe cuttings will strike root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. II. BIO'PHYTUM (from /3ioc, bios, life, and VTOV, pkyton, a plant ; the leaves of B. sensitivum are sensitive to the touch). D. C. prod. l.p. 689. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx of 5 sepals. Sta- mens 10, free, the 5 outer ones are smaller than the inner 5, alternating with each other. Stigmas 5, emarginately-bifid and ca- pitate. Capsules ovate, globose, somewhat pentagonal. — Annual or suffruticose herbs, with a naked stem, bearing at the apex, a fascicled whorl of abruptly-pinnate leaves ; leaflets many, oppo- site. Peduncles many-flowered, umbellate. St. Hilaire does not consider this genus distinct from the following ; indeed there is no character yet discovered that would separate them, but the peculiar habit of the plants is sufficient. 1 B. SENSITIVUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 690.) almost stemless ; peduncles thick, bearing many flowers at the apex, about equal in length to the leaves ; leaflets 14 pairs, oblong, obtuse, mucro- nate. ©. S. Native of the East Indies and China, in gardens and meadows. O'xalis sensitiva, Lin. spec. 622. Jacq. oxal. no. 21. t. 78. f. 4.— Garc. in phil. trans. 1730. p. 379. t. 2.— Rumph. amb. 5. p. 301. t. 104. f. 2. — Rheed. mal. 9. p. 33. t. 1 9. The leaves of this plant contract on the slightest touch, like those of Mimosa pudica. It is a beautiful plant, with umbels of small yellow flowers. Stigmas emarginately bifid. Sensitive Biophytum. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1824. PI. £ to i foot. 2 B. DENDROIDES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 690.) stem woody, sim- ple, leafy at the apex ; petioles of leaves with a fascicle of long hairs between each pair of leaflets ; leaflets of 1 2 pairs, oblong, unequal-sided, acute, ciliated, outer ones largest; peduncles 1- flowered. Tj . S. Native of New Granada between Guaduas VOL. i. — PART. VHI. and Quebrada de la Carbonera. O'xalis dendroides, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 250. Flowers violaceous. Cells of ovary containing only one seed. Tree-like Biophytum. Shrub -J to 1 foot. 3 B. MIMOSOIDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 107. t. 21. under O'xalis,) stem shrubby, hardly branched at the apex ; leaves corymbose, abruptly-pinnate ; leaflets linear, obliquely- truncate both at the apex and the base, puberulous, veinless above ; pe- duncles shorter than the leaves, villous, very much thickened at the apex, bracteate, 3-4-flowered ; pistils much longer than the stamens; cells of ovary 4-seeded. Ij . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. Flowers white, resembling those of Stellaria Holostea. Filaments rather monadelphous at the base. Stigmas laciniately-jagged, capitate. Mimosa-like Biophytum. Fl. Nov. Shrub -| foot. 4 B. CA'STA ; stem shrubby, umbellately branched ; leaves abruptly-pinnate, of many pairs of leaflets, smoothish ; leaflets adnate, somewhat rhomboid ; fascicles of flowers subsessile, bracteate ; stamens exceeding the styles in length. Tj . S. Na- tive of Brazil. O'xalis casta, Zucc. in act. acad. monach. 9. t. 6. Chaite Biophytum. Shrub ^ foot. 5 B. DO'RMIENS ; stem suffruticose, simple ; leaves abruptly- pinnate, with many pairs of pubescent, nearly sessile leaflets, which are angular at the base, oblong, obtuse ; pedicels aggre- gate, 1 -flowered, rising from the bracteas. \) . S. Native of Brazil. O'xalis dormiens, Zucc. in act. acad. monach. 9. t. 5. Dormant Biophytum. Shrub \ foot. 6 B. SO'MNIANS ; stem shrubby, simple; leaves abruptly-pin- nate, with about 6 pairs of leaflets, outer ones largest, obovate- oblong, obtuse, lower ones rather cordate, acute ; heads of flowers on long peduncles, bracteate ; styles exceeding the sta- mens in length. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. O'xalis somnians, Mart. mss. Zucc. in act. acad. monach. 9. t. 4. Sleeping Biophytum. Shrub -J foot. Cult. These singular and beautiful little plants will thrive best in a mixture of loam and peat. The seeds of the first species should be sown in spring on a hot-bed, and after the plants are of sufficient size, they should be separated and planted singly in pots shaded until the plants have taken fresh root, they may then be removed to the stove. The rest of the species, being suffruticose plants, may be either increased by cuttings or seeds. III. O'XALIS (from o£vg, oxys, acid ; the leaves have an acid taste). Lin. gen. no. 582. D. C. prod. 1. p. 690. O'xys, Tourn. inst. t. 19. LIN. SYST. Decandria, Pentagynia. Sepals 5, (f. 122. a.) free, or joined together at the base. Petals 5. (f. 122. 6.) Stamens 10, (f. 122. c. c.) with the filaments connected together a little way at the base, 5 of which are exterior, and are shorter than the other 5. Styles 5, usually crowned by pencil-like, (f. 1 22. d.) rarely capitate, or bifid stigmas. Capsules penta- gonal, oblong, or cylindrical. — Permanent, caulescent, stipitate, or stemless herbs. Leaves various, but never abruptly-pinnate, full of an acid juice. Flowers of various hues. § 1. Hedysaroidece (plants with the habit of Hedysarum). D. C. prod. 1. p. 690. Peduncles bifid, or bifidly-umbelliferous, with one flower in the fork, bearing the other flowers on the inside of the divisions, with usually petinaled bracteas; flowers secund, intermixed with the bracteas. Slems leafy, usually suffruticose. Leaves trifoliate ; leaflets ovate, lanceolate, or rhomboid, rarely obcordate, with the middle one on a long stalk. Cells of ovary 1- 5-seeded. — Species natives of South America. 1 O. PENTA'NTHA (Jacq. ox. no. 1. 1. 1.) stem erect, branched, leafy ; peduncles umbelliferous, about the length of the leaves ; 5D \ 754 OXALTDE^. III. OXALIS. leaves pilose ; lateral leaflets roundish, emarginate, middle one obovate, blunt ; styles shorter than the outer stamens. Tj . S. Native of Caraccas and Brazil. P. divaricata, Mart. Flowers small, spreading, yellow. Var. p, Humboldtii (D. C. prod. 1. p. 690.) styles twice as long as the stamens. Pj . S. Native of South America. O. pentantha, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 247. Flowers spreading, yellow. Probably a distinct species. Five-Jlorvered Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1|. foot. 2 O. psoRALEolnEs (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 246. t. 470.) stem erect, leafy; branches downy ; peduncles longer than the petioles, bifid at the apex, 6-8-flowered; leaves downy, silky or silvery beneath ; calyxes downy, hairy ; styles intermediate. J? . S. Native of South America, near Santa-Fe de Bogota ? Flowers yellow. Psoralca-like Wood-sorrel. Shrub ^ to 1 foot. 3 O. PLUMIE'RI (Jacq. ox. no. 3.) stem erect, leafy ; peduncles umbelliferous, 4-6-flowered, length of leaves ; leaflets entire, ovate, bluntish. Tj . S. Native of South America, particularly in the Caribbee Islands, Guiana, and La Vera Cruz. Lindl. bot. reg. t. 810. O. frutescens, Lin. spec. 624. — Plum. ed. Burin, t. 213. f. 1. Flowers yellow. Capsules smooth; Plumier's Wood-sorrel. Fl. year. Clt. 1769. Shrub H foot. 4 O. NEJE'I (B.C. prod. 1. p. 690.) stem erect, leafy ; pedun- cles umbelliferous, 4-flowered, length of leaves ; leaflets villous, lateral ones oval, emarginate, middle one ovate-lanceolate ; styles intermediate. Tj . S. Native of Mexico about Acapulca. Flowers yellow. This is apparently an intermediate species be- tween the two preceding. Nees's Wood-sorrel. Shrub lj foot. 5 O. BARRELIE'RI (Jacq. ox. no. 4. t. 3.) stem erect, branched, leafy ; peduncles bifid, racemose, length of leaves ; leaflets ovate- lanceolate ; styles length of inner stamens. Tj . S. Native of Guiana, Brazil, and the Caraccas. P. campestris, Mart. — Barrel, icon. t. 1169. Petals of a pale flesh-colour, with the 3 superior ones marked with yellow at the base. Stem, petioles, and peduncles hairy. Stigmas capitate. Barretter's Wood-sorrel. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1796. Sh. 1.2ft. 6 O. PAVONII ; stem erect ; leaflets obovately-roundish, pu- bescent ; pedicels dichotomous, about the length of the leaves ; cells of ovary many-seeded. ?j . S. Native of Peru. (v. s. herb. Lamb.) Flowers yellow. Pavon's Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 7 O. LESPEDEZOIDES ; hairy ; lateral leaflets nearly sessile, obovately-lanceolate, all pendulous ; peduncles axillary, rather longer than the petioles ; flowers capitate, crowded. Jj . S. Native of Peru. (v. s. herb. Lamb.) Flowers yellow. Lespedeza-lilce Wood-sorrel. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 8 O. HEDYSARIFOLIA (Raddi. mem. bras. add. p. 22.) stem erect, leafy ; peduncles terminal, few-flowered ; leaflets ovate, acute at both ends, and are, as well as the petioles, hairy. Tj ? S. Native of Brazil in grassy places, near Rio Janeiro. Flowers yellow. Hedysarum-leaved Wood-sorreL Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 9 O. HEDYSAROIDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. atner. 5. p. 247.) stem leafy, smooth ; peduncles bifid at die apex, many- flowered ; leaflets ovate-oblong, emarginate, smooth, rather glau- cous beneath, lateral ones smallest, remote; calyxes smooth. J? . S. Native of South America on the Andes about Quito, and at Santa-Fe de Bogota in cold and temperate places-. Flowers pale-pink ? This species is nearly allied to 0. Barrelieri. Hedysarum-like Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 10 O. GLAU'CA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 247. t. 471.) stem leafy, smooth; peduncles bifid at the apex, 7-9- flowered, length of leaves ; leaflets ciliated, smooth, glaucous, lateral ones roundish, remote, terminal one elliptic-ovate ; sepals smooth, each marked with a spot at the apex ; styles inter- mediate. Tj . S. Native of South America in shady places, on the banks of the river Amazon, not far from Tomependa. Flowers white. Glaucous Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 1 1 O. BORJE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 247.) stem leafy, smooth ; peduncles bifid at the apex, many- flowered, length of petioles ; leaflets rounded at the apex, smooth, glaucous, lateral ones obovate-elliptical, remote, ter- minal one somewhat obovate-elliptical ; sepals puberulous, spot- less. Tj . S. Native of South America, on the banks of the river Orinoco, in shady humid places, near St. Borja. Flowers yellow. Borja Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 12 O. ANGUSTIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 247.) stem leafy, smoothish ; peduncles 3-4-flowered, longer than the petioles ; leaflets oblong-linear, smooth, glaucous, lateral ones smaller, remote ; calyx smooth,, spotless. Jj . S. Native of New Spain, on the western declivities near La Venta del Peregrino. Flowers yellow. Narrow-leaved Wood- sorrel. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 13 O. CYTISOIDES (Mart, et Zucc. in act. acad. monach. 9. ex Spreng. syst. append. 1 86. ) branches tomentose ; leaflets ovate, tapering to both ends, hoary-villous ; peduncles many-flowered, exceeding the leaves in length ; styles longer than the stamens. lj . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow. Cytisus-like Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 14 O. DENSIFOLJA (Mart. 1. c.) stem twiggy, densely clothed with leaves ; leaflets obcordately 2-lobed, hairy ; peduncles elon- gated, usually 8-flowered ; styles exceeding the stamens. Jj . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow. Dense-leaved Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 foot. 15 O. RHOMBIFOLIA (Jacq. ox. no. 2. t. 2.) stem erect, branched, leafy ; peduncles umbelliferous, 3-flowered, length of leaves ; leaflets pubescent, ovate-rhomboid, sessile ; styles longer than the stamens. T? . S. Native of Caraccas. Flowers yellow. Inner filaments hispid. Rhomb-leaved Wood-sorrel. Shrub lj foot. 16 O. RHO'MBEO-OVA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 108.) stem suflfruticose, nearly simple, leafy ; leaves spreading, trifoliate ; leaflets large, stalked, rhomb-ovate, acuminated, ciliated, inter- mediate one much larger, and on a longer petiole ; peduncles shortly 2-cleft at the apex, many-flowered ; stamens all longer than the pistils ;• cells of ovary 1 -seeded. Tj . S. Native of Bra- zil, in the provinces of Minas Geraes and Rio Janeiro. Petals yellow, emarginate.. Stigmas capitate. R Aomi-oua/e-leafletted Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 17 O. ROSEHA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 109. t. 22.) nearly stemless, suffruticose ; leaves rosellate, trifoliate ; leaflets unequal, intermediate one ovate, acutish, stalked, lateral ones sessile, smaller, ovate, obtuse at the apex, very blunt and oblique at the base ; peduncles filiform, 2-cleft, many-flowered ; calyx hispid ; stamens all shorter than the pistil ; cells of ovary 5-seeded. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. O. puberu- la, Mart. Petals yellow. Stigmas capitate. .Ro.se//ate-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. June. Shrub •£ foot. 18 O. INSI'PIDA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 109.) stem shrubby, simple, pubescent, leafy at the apex ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets unequally stalked, lanceolate-oblong, acuminated, rather narrow, pubescent beneath ; peduncles axillary, 2-cleft, many-flowered ; cells of ovary 1-seeded. 1? . S. Native of Brazil in the pro- vince of Rio Janeiro. Petals yellow. Stigmas capitate, 2-lobed. Insipid Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Shrub 1 foot. 19 O. FRUTE'SCENS (Ruiz etPav. mss. in herb. Lamb.) leaflets 3, middle leaflet on a long footstalk, ovate, tapering to the apex, all hairy beneath ; peduncles many-flowered, about the OXALIDEjE. III. OXALIS. 755 length of the common petiole, and are, as well as the stem and branches, hairy. Tj . S. Native of Peru. Flowers yellow. Frutescent Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 20 O. SPIRA'LIS (Ruiz et Pav. mss. in herb. Lamb.) stem hairy ; leaflets 3, all sessile, wedge-shaped, praemorse ; peduncles very long, hairy ; umbels bifid ; flowers secund ; capsule many- seeded ; stigmas capitate. fj . S. Native of Peru. Spiral Wood-sorrel. .Shrub 1 foot. 21 O. CAJANIFOLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 110.) pubescent ; stem shrubby, leafy ; leaflets unequally stalked, ovate-lanceo- late, acuminated, acute, pubescent above, villous beneath ; pe- duncles longer than the petioles, bifid ; flowers racemose ; sta- mens all longer than the pistils ; cells of capsule 1-2-seeded. V} . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. Petals rose-coloured, yellow at the base. Stigmas capitate, 2-parted. Pigeon-pea-leaved Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 22 O. SE'PIUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 111.1) stem suflfruticose, leafy ; leaves solitary, and appearing in whorls ; leaflets un- equally stalked, ovate, bluntish, smooth ; petioles rather pilose ; peduncles bifid ; flowers racemose ; calyxes obtuse, quite smooth; stamens all longer than the pistils; ovary 15-seeded. Jj . S. Native of Brazil in hedges near Rio Janeiro. Petals yellow. Stigmas capitate. Hedge Wood-sorrel. Shrub 2 feet. 23 O. UMBRATI'COLA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 111.) stem suf- fruticose, leafy, pubescent ; leaflets unequally stalked, rhomb- ovate, obtuse, emarginate, acute at the base, with the margins and middle nerve hardly puberulous, soft ; peduncles shorter than the leaves, 2-cIeft, umbelliferous, pubescent ; petals emarginate ; cells of ovary 1-seeded. t? . S. Native of Brazil in the pro- vinces of Minas Geraes and Rio Janeiro. Petals yellow or whitish. Stigmas capitate. Like O. Plurnieri. Shaded Wood-sorrel. Fl. Feb. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 24 O. MELILOTOI DBS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 112.) stem suf- fruticose, erect, rather pilose ; leaflets unequally stalked, ovate, obtuse, pilose on both surfaces ; peduncles bifid, much longer than the leaves ; flowers racemose ; stamens all longer than the pistils ; cells of ovary 2-seeded. *j . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals yellow. Stigmas capitate. Melilot-like Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 foot. 25 O. EUPHORBIOIDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 113.) stem suffruticose, pubescent, clammy ; leaflets unequally stalked, smooth, obtuse, usually retuse, lower ones ovate, the rest linear ; peduncles bifid, 7-flowered ; styles intermediate ; cells of ovary S-seeded. 1? . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals orange-yellow. Stigmas capitate, 2-lobed. Euphorbia-like Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 foot. 26 O. NIORE'SCENS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 113.) stem suffruti- cose, leafy, flattened at the apex, rather pilose ; leaflets un- equally stalked, very smooth, lower ones ovate or ovate-oblong, upper ones oblong, uppermost ones usually linear ; petioles pu- bescent above ; peduncles bifid ; flowers racemose ; cells of ovary 3-seeded. 1? . S. Native of Brazil in that part of the province of Minas Geraes called Minas Novas. Roots black, horizontal. Margins of leaflets usually blackish. Petals orange-yellow. Stigmas capitate. Styles intermediate. Var. /3, linearifolia (St. Hil. 1. c.) stem 4 inches high ; leaflets all linear, narrow, channelled, with the middle nerve usually pilose. Blackish-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. May, Sept. Shrub •£. to 1 foot. 27 O. SAXA'TILIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 114.) stem shrubby, leafy ; leaves in whorls, trifoliate ; leaflets unequally stalked, small, obovately-orbicular, very obtuse ; peduncles nearly equal in length with the leaves, shortly bifid, 5-flowered; stamens all longer than the pistils ; cells of ovary 1-seeded. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro, on the banks of the river Parahyba among rocks, not far from Villa Uba. Petals yellow. Stigmas capitate. Rock Wood-sorrel. Fl. Feb. Oct. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 28 O. DI'STANS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 115.) stems suffruti- cose, ascending, leafy ; leaves in fascicled-whorls at intervals ; leaflets unequally stalked, obovate, obtuse, somewhat emar- ginate, villous, ciliated ; peduncles umbelliferous ; larger sta- mens a little longer than the pistils ; cells of ovary 3-seeded. \} . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals yellow. Stigmas hardly capitate, bifid. Distant-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. July. Shrub ascending. 29 O. CORDA'TA (St. Hil. pi. usu. bras. t. 45. fl. bras. 1. p. 115.) stem suffruticose, leafy; leaflets cordate, with pube- rulous margins, lateral ones sessile, intermediate one stalked ; peduncles axillary, flattened, pubescent, subbifid, umbelliferous; cells of ovary 5-seeded. J? . S. Native of Brazil in the pro- vince of Goyaz. Petals yellow. Styles intermediate. Corda/e-leafletted Wood-sorrel. Fl. June. Shrub 1 foot. 30 O. FU'LVA (St. Hil. pi. usu. bras. t. 44. fl. bras. 1. p. 115.) stem suffruticose, leafy, very hairy ; leaflets obovately-orbi- cular, unequally stalked, very obtuse, villous, ciliated, lateral ones sessile, intermediate one stalked ; peduncles subbifid, um- belliferous ; umbels involucrated ; stamens all longer than the pistils ; cells of ovary 2-seeded. lj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals yellow. -FWeoMs-flowered wood-sorrel. Fl. year. Shrub 1 foot. 31 O. CAMPE'STRIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 116.) stem suffru- ticose, nearly simple ; leaves scattered, small, nearly erect, hairy ; leaflets 3, obcordate, intermediate one stalked, lateral ones ses- sile ; peduncles axillary, longer than the leaves, usually exceed- ing the stems, bifid, umbelliferous ; petals obcordate ; stamens all longer than the pistils ; cells of ovary 1-seeded. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals golden-yellow. Stigmas capitate. Far. /3, violacea (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves violaceous and less hairy. Field Wood-sorrel. Fl. May, Oct. Shrub | foot. 32 O. STENOPHY'LLA (Zucc. in act. acad. monach. 9. ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 186.) stem simple, suffruticose; leaflets linear, acutish, hairy ; peduncles terminal, solitary, elongated, many-flowered ; styles longer than the stamens. T? . S. Native of Brazil. O. linearis, Zucc. in act. acad. monach. vol. 9. Narrow-leajletted Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 foot. § 2. Subaphyllce. Petioles dilated, flat, but nearly leafless. 33 O. LEPTOPODES ; petioles dilated, linear, sometimes termi- nated by a small leaflet ; peduncles long ; umbels bifid. Tj . S. Native of Peru. (v. s. in herb. Lamb.) Narron-petioled Wood-sorrel. Shrub ^ foot. 34 O. FRUTICOSA (Radi. mem. ital. vol. 18. p. 401.) stem suffruticose, branched ; petioles dilated, flat, lanceolate-linear, acute at both ends, nearly leafless ; peduncles axillary, very short, bifid ; pedicels subfasciculate ; stamens all longer than the pistils ; cells of ovary 1 -seeded. \j . S. Native of Brazil in woods near Rio Janeiro. Petals yellow. Stigmas capitate. Shrubby Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 35 O. SALICIFORMIS (Mik. ex Spreng. syst. append. 184.) stem much branched ; branches twiggy ; petioles leafy, scat- tered ; peduncles elongated, bifid, racemose ; styles very short. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow. Willow-formed Wood-sorrel. Shrub \ foot. 36 O. BUPLEURIF6LIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 117.) stem suf- fruticose, simple, densely leafy at the apex ; petioles usually leafless, dilated, flat, oblong-lanceolate, acute, tapering at the base ; peduncles axillary, flattened, bifid ; stamens smooth, much 5 D 2 756 longer than the pistils ; styles hispid ; cells of ovary 1-seeded. V) . S. Native of Brazil, not far from Rio Janeiro, in woods at a place called Mato. Petals yellow. Stigmas capitate. Buplewum-leaved Wood-sorrel. Shrub •£ foot. § 3. Corniculatae (from corniculatus, horned ; shape of pods). D. C. prod. 1. p. 691. Stems not bulbous at base, herbaceous, rarely suffruticose, leafy. Peduncles 2 or many-flowered, rarely \-flowered. Leaves trifoliate ; leaflets sessile or subsesMe, usually obcordate. * Stems erect. 37 O. PEDUNCULA'RIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov..gen. 5. p. 239.) stem simple, fleshy, leafy ; peduncles very long, trifid at apex, many-flowered ; leaflets roundish, or ovate-elliptical, pubescent beneath; styles intermediate. 3£. S. Native of South Ame- rica on the mountains about Quito, in temperate places near Mira, and in the valley of the river Chambo. Peduncles 7 or 8 inches long. Flowers orange or copper-coloured. Roots fibrous. Long-peduncled Wood-sorrel. PL -| foot. 38 O. LA'XA (Hook. bot. Beech, voy. p. 13.) stem simple, leafy, short ; leaflets broad, obcordate, ciliated, with a few hairs above, but densely clothed beneath ; petioles pilose ; pe- duncles pilose, twice the length of the petioles, bearing a loose panicle of flowers at the apex ; sepals pilose, very narrow-lan- ceolate. If . F. Native of Chili at Conception. Zoose-panicled Wocd-sorrel. PL ^ foot. 39 O. PUBE'SCENS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 239.) stem erect, branched at the base, clothed with soft pubes- cence ; peduncles bifid at the apex, many-flowered, longer than the petioles ; leaflets roundish-obovate, emarginate, pubescent on both surfaces, as well as the calyxes and petioles ; styles longer, or equal in length to the stamens. If. . G. Native of Peru on the mountains. Root fibrous. Flowers yellow ? Peduncles 3 or 4 inches long. Pubescent Wood-sorrel. PL ^ foot. 40 O. LEPTOPHY'LLA ; shrubby, erect, hairy ; lateral leaf- lets distant, sessile, lanceolate, and emarginate, middle one lanceolate, on a long petiole ; peduncles axillary, 1-2-flowered, about the length of the leaves. Tj . F. Native of Chili. O. radicans, Ruiz et Pav. mss. in herb. Lamb. Root creeping. Slender-leaved Wood-sorrel. PL -J- foot. 41 O. CRENA'TA (Jacq. ox. no. 7.) stem erect, leafy; pedun- cles umbelliferous, 5-6-flowered, longer than the leaves; leaflets obovate; petals crenated. 0. F. Native of Peru. — Feuill. per. 3. p. 49. t. 24. Flowers yellow, striped with purple. This plant is cultivated about Lima in gardens, and is used as sorrel. Root spindle-shaped. CVerwted-petalled Wood-sorrel. PL 2 feet. 42 O. FERE'NNANS (Haw. misc. 181.) stem erect, leafy, flex- uous ; peduncles 2-3-flowered, rather longer than the petioles ; leaflets obcordately 2-lobed, ciliated ; styles a little longer than the inner stamens. If . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers fulvous outside, yellow inside. Perennial Wood-sorrel. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. ? PL 2 feet. 43 O. VERTICILLA TA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 691.) stem erect, simple, smooth ; leaves 3 or 4 in a whorl ; leaflets obcordate ; peduncles 2-3-flowered, length of petioles. If . G. Native of Mexico ? Cultivated in the gardens of St. Angelo. Flowers yellow. Whorled-leaveA Wood-sorrel. PL 1 foot. 44 O. DILLE'NII (Jacq. ox. no. 8.) stem erect, leafy, rather hairy ; peduncles umbelliferous, usually twin, 5-6-flowered, longer than the leaves ; leaflets obcordate ; petals emarginate ; styles longer than the stamens. Q. H. Native of Carolina'. O. florida, Sal. prod, 322.— Dill. elth. 2. t. 22 1 . Flowers yellow PI. i foot. III. OXALIS. a little larger than those of 0. stricta, with which it is generally confounded. Dillenius's Wood-sorrel. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1798. PL | ft. 45 O. STRICTA (Lin. spec. 624.) stem erect, leafy ; peduncles umbelliferous, 2-6-flowered, rather shorter than the leaves ; leaflets obcordate ; petals entire ; styles about the length of the inner stamens. "If . H. Native of North America in cultivated grounds, from Pennsylvania to Carolina. Jacq. oxal. no. 9. t. 4. O. ambigua, Sal. in Lin. trans. 2. p. 242. t. 23. f. 4. Root creeping. Flowers yellow, about the size of those of O. corni- culala. Browne says this plant is also a native of Jamaica ; he recommends it as a pleasant cooler and diuretic, and says that it was formerly administered in inflammatory cases, but has been little used since the more agreeable acid fruit-trees have been so much cultivated in the West Indies. Plant hairy. Strict Wood-sorrel. FL June, Oct. Clt. 1658. PL -J foot. 46 O. TORTUOSA (Lindl. bot. reg. 1249.) stem fleshy, scaly ; leaflets linear, obtuse, pilose beneath ; flowers umbellate ; pedicels and petioles twisted, fleshy. If. G. Native of Chili. "Petals yellow, usually bordered with red. Styles and stamens equal. Ovary many-seeded. Twisted Wood-sorrel. Fl. June. Clt. 1826. 47 O. HAENKEA'NA (Spreng. syst. app. p. 186.) stem erect, leafy ; leaflets obovate, emarginate, smooth ; peduncles bifid, many-flowered, racemose, longer than the leaves ; styles shorter than the stamens. 7£? G. Native of Peru.- O. melilotoides, Zuccar. in act. monac. ex Spreng. Flowers yellow ? This plant probably belongs to section 1. Hedysaroideae. Haenk's Wood-sorrel. PL ly foot. 48 O. ARRACA'CHA ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets praemose, on long footstalks ; stipulas large ; peduncles few-flowered. ^ • G. Native of Chili. Petals yellow, small. Arracacha Wood-sorrel. Fl. Sept. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 49 O. CONORHIZA (Jacq. ox. no. 6.) stem erect, leafy ; peduncles longer than the leaves, 2-flowered ; leaflets obcordate ; roots turbinate. % . S. Native of Paraguay in South Ame- rica in the vast plains to the northward of the River Plate. — Feuill. per. 2. p. 723. t. 24. Flowers large, yellow. Cone-rooted Wood-sorrel. PL -| foot. 50 O. ROSEA (Jacq. ox. no. 5.) stem erect, fleshy, leafy ; peduncles bifid, corymbosely-racemose at the apex, 4-times longer than the leaves ; leaflets obcordate. I/ . F. Native of Chili in moist places about Conception. Feuill. obs. 2. p. 23. O. racevnosa, Savig. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 684. O. floribunda, Lindl. bot. reg. 1123. but not of Lehm. Petals rose-coloured, crenated at the apex. Styles longer than the stamens. Var. ft ; flowers smaller ; petals hardly lined, red, entire at the apex. Sims, bot. mag. 2415. .Rose-coloured-flowered Wood-sorrel. FL Mar. April. Clt. 1823. PL ^ to 1 foot. 51 O. C.SSPITOSA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 122.) stem suffruti- cose, very short, leafy ; leaves tufted ; leaflets unequally and shortly stalked, obcordate, ciliated ; petioles rather dilated at the base, pilose ; peduncles pubescent, 1- flowered, longer than the leaves ; stamens all shorter than the styles, which are very long, joined together beyond the middle ; cells of ovary 4- seeded. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the southern part of the province of St. Paul. Stems erect or ascending, hardly 2 inches high. Petals yellow, entire, or emarginate. Stigmas small, capitate. Tufted Wood-sorrel. FL Jan. Shrub 3 inches. 52 O. HISPIDA (Zucc. et Mart. act. mon. 9. ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 186.) stem erect, very short; leaflets obovate, emar- ginate, hispid, as well as the stem ; peduncles equal in length to the leaves, usually 3-flowered ; styles shorter than the stamens. T(. ? S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow. OXALIDE^E. III. OXALIS. 757 Hispid Wood-sorrel. PI. j foot. 53 O. CINEIIA'CEA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 123.) stem sufFruti- cose, very short, leafy ; leaves much crowded, cinereous ; leaflets nearly sessile, small, obcordate, pilose on both surfaces ; petioles dilated at the base, villous as well as the peduncles, which are 1 -flowered, and longer than the leaves; petals emarginate ; stamens all shorter than the pistils ; styles very long, connected at die base : cells of ovary 5 -seeded, fj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Cisplatine. Stem scaly at the base. Petals yellow. Stigmas oblong, obtuse. Grey Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Shrub 2 inches. 54 O. SQUAMA'TA (Zucc. in act. monach. ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 186.) stem erect, leafy, dwarf, scaly ; leaflets obcor- dately 2-lobed, smooth ; peduncles axillary, dichotomous, many- flowered. Tf.- F.' Native of Chili. Flowers yellow. Scaly Wood-sorrel. PI. £ foot. * * Stems ascending, prostrate, or diffuse. 55 O. CRASSICAU'LIS (Zucc. in act. monach. ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 186.) stem ascending, fleshy ; leaflets obcordate, pubes- cent beneath ; stipulas lanceolate, acute, ciliated ; peduncles elon- gated, umbelliferous, few-flowered. 7£. G. Native of Peru. Flowers yellow. Thick-stemmed Wood-sorrel. PL -| foot. 56 O. LATERIFLORA (Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 2. p. 41. t. 204.) stem ascending, a little branched, naked at the base ; peduncles lateral, umbellate at top ; leaflets cuncated, emarginately 2-lobed ; styles shorter than the outer stamens. I/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purple ; filaments hispid. Lateral-flowered Wood-sorrel. Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1824. PI. | foot. 57 O. REFRA'CTA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 119.) stem diffuse, pilose ; leaflets hairy, obcordate, sessile, ciliated, acute at the base ; peduncles hairy, exceeding the length of the leaves, 2-3- cleft, umbelliferous ; fruit-bearing pedicels refracted ; stamens all longer than the pistils ; cells of ovary 4-seeded. 7/ . S. Na- tive of Brazil on the mountains called Serra-Aspro near the town of Rocha. Petals yellow. Stigmas jagged. Var. j3, debilis (St. Hil. 1. c.) stems weaker ; hairs slenderer and less numerous. 7fe/racar-fiowered. Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Nov. Clt. 1823. PI. | foot. 154 O. TRI'COLOR (Jacq. ox. no. 63.) stemless, pubescent; leaflets oblong, obtuse, middle one somewhat cuneated ; scapes longer than the petioles ; styles intermediate ; filaments clothed with glandular hairs, If. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Var. a,flava (D. C. prod. 1. p. 698.) petals yellow, redout- side, as well as margins. Jacq. ox. t. 47. Var. ft, alba (D. C. prod. 1. p. 698.) petals white, red on the outside, as well as margins. T/tree-coloured-fiowered Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Dec. Clt. 1794. PI. \ foot. 155 O. FERRUGINA'TA (Jacq. hort. schcenbr. 3. t. 274,) almost stemless, pubescent ; leaflets obovate, retuse, middle one cu- neated ; peduncles a little shorter than the leaves, with 2 bracteas in the middle ; styles intermediate. Tf. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white. Leaves marked with rusty spots. .fiMSfy-spotted-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1790. PI. i foot. 156 O. EXALTA'TA (Jacq. ox. no. 64. t. 49.) almost stemless, puberulous ; leaflets emarginate, lateral ones elliptical, middle one obovately-cuneated ; peduncles twice as long as the leaves, with 2 bracteas in the middle ; styles very short. If . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla whitish, red on the outside and margins. Exalted Wood-sorrel. PI. ^ foot. 157 O. FUSCA'TA (Jacq. oxal. no. 61. t. 45.) almost stemless, puberulous ; leaflets obtuse, lateral ones ovate, middle one wedge- shaped ; peduncles twice as long as the leaves, with 2 bracteas in the middle ; styles very long, clothed with subglandular spreading hairs, as well as the filaments, "if. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves blood-coloured beneath, but spot- ted with brown above. Flowers white, with a yellow bottom, and reddish on the outside. finwrc-spotted-leaved Wood-sorrel . 1795. PI. 1. foot. 763 Fl. May, June. Clt. * Leaflets oblong or lanceolate. Stipitate or substipitate. 158 O. CILIAVRIS (Jacq. ox. no. 45. t. 30.) stipitate, pubes- cent ; stem naked below ; leaflets oblong, obtuse, somewhat emarginate ; peduncles longer than the petioles, with 2 bracteas immediately under the calyx ; styles very long. If. . G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purplish-red, with a yellow bottom. Petioles and leaves ciliated. Ciliary Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1 793. PI. £ ft. 159 O. ARCUA'TA (Jacq. ox. no. 46. t. 31.) stipitate, pubes- cent ; stem naked at the base, decumbent ; leaflets lanceolate, emarginate ; peduncles length of petioles, with 2 bracteas im- mediately under the calyx ; styles very short. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers violaceous, with dirty yellow claws. Leaflets recurved. Arched-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1795. PI. decumbent. 160 O. FLA'CCIDA (Jacq. ox. no. 66. t. 51.) substipitate ; de- cumbent, pubescent ; leaflets oblong, retuse, middle one cu- neated ; peduncles twice as long as the leaves, with 2 bracteas in the middle ; styles very short ; filaments with glandular hairs. % . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals white, red on the outside as well as the margins, with yellow claws. Pe- duncles flaccid. •FYace«/-peduncled Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1812. PI. | foot. 161 O. AMBIGUA (Jacq. ox. no. 59. t. 43.) substipitate, rather hairy ; leaflets obovate-oblong, obtuse ; peduncles equal in length to the leaves, or longer, with 2 bracteas in the middle ; styles very long, covered with subglandular hairs. If . G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla white, with a yellow bottom, red on the outside as well as the margins. Sepals each with 2 red glands under the top. Ambiguous Wood-sorrel. Fl. Sep. Dec. Clt. 1790. PI. J ft. 162 O. UNDULA'TA (Jacq. ox. no. 60. t. 44.) stipitate, erect, rather hairy ; leaflets obovate-oblong, obtuse ; peduncles longer than the petioles, with 2 bracteas under the middle ; styles very long, hairy. 7/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals white, with yellow claws, dotted with red on the outside. Sepals and ovaries bearing many glands. Leaflets wavy. Wavy-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1795. Pl.|ft. 163 O. GLANDULOSA (Jacq. ox. no. 61. t. 46.) substipitate, puberulous ; leaflets oblong, obtuse, with the middle one some- what cuneated ; peduncles length of petioles, with 2 glands in the middle ; styles intermediate ; filaments, peduncles, and ca- lyxes beset with glandular hairs. 1{ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla white, with a yellow bottom. Leaves brownish on the under surface. Glandular Wood-sorrel. PI. £ foot. * * * Leaves roundish or somewhat rhomboid. 164 O. TRUNCA'TULA (Jacq. ox. no. 76. t. 62.) stemless, hairy ; leaflets triangular, truncate ; scapes 3-times longer than the petioles, with 2 bracteas in the middle ; styles very long, and are as well as the filaments beset with glandular hairs. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla lilac, with yellow claws. Leaflets violet-coloured beneath, hairy, soft to the touch, like Marsh-mallow. Truncate-leaved. Wood-sorrel. PL -j foot. 165 O. SULPHU'KEA (Jacq. ox. no. 77. t. 63.) stemless, pube- rulous ; leaflets roundish ; peduncles length of petioles, with 2 bracteas at the base ; styles very short ; sepals reflexed at the apex, fringed with club-shaped hairs. If. . G. Native of the 5 E 2 \ 764 OXALIDEjE. III. OXALIS. Cape of Good Hope. Corolla pale-yellow. Leaves blood- coloured beneath and spotted with white, and the veins are white above. iSWp/iwr-coloured-flowered Wood-sorrel. Fl. 1 795. PI. -| ft. 166 O. BREviscAPA (Jacq. ox. no. 72. t. 58.) stemless, pu- berulous ; leaves roundish ; petioles flatfish ; pedicels one-half shorter than the leaves, with 2 bracteas beneath the middle ; styles intermediate; filaments glandular. I/. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla white, with a yellow bottom. Leaves red beneath and dotted. Short-scaped Wood-sorrel. PI. \ foot. 167 O. SPECIOSA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 779.) stemless ; pube- rulous ; leaflets roundish ; scapes about equal in length to the petioles, with 2 bracteas under the middle ; styles very long, bearing simple and glandular hairs mixed, as well as the fila- ments. H. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Var. a, purpurea (Lin. spec. 621.) leaves blood-coloured beneath ; corollas rose-purple. O. speciosa, Jacq. ox. no. 74. t. 60. Var. ft, sugillata (Jacq. ox. no. 75. t. 61.) adult leaves livid beneath as well as on the margins above ; corollas white, but flesh-coloured outside. Var. y, rigidula (Jacq. ox. no. 73. t. 59.) leaves green on both surfaces ; corollas white, with a yellow bottom. Sheny Wood-sorrel. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1690. PI. i ft. 168 O. VARIA'BILIS (Jacq. ox. no. 67.) stemless, puberulous ; leaflets roundish, middle one cuneated at the base ; pedicels equal or longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas under the middle ; styles very short ; filaments with glandular hairs. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Var. a, longiscapa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 699.) scape twice as long as leaves ; corolla white, or somewhat flesh-coloured. Jacq. ox. t. 52. Var. ft, rubra (Jacq. ox. t. 53.) scapes a little longer than the leaves ; corolla rose-purple. Var. •/, grand/flora ("Jacq. ox. no. 68. t. 54.) scapes length of petioles ; corolla large, white ; leaves blood-coloured beneath. Var. S, S'tmsii (D. C. prod. 1. p. 699.) scapes length of pe- tioles ; corolla large, white ; leaves green on both surfaces. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1683. This, with var. y, will probably con- stitute a distinct species. Variable Wood- sorrel. Fl. Oct. Dec. Clt. 1795. PI. £ ft. 169 O. PURPU'REA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 778.) stemless ; pube- rulous ; leaflets roundish, wedge-shaped ; scapes longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas under the middle ; styles interme- diate ; filaments with glandular hairs. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. ox. no. 70. t. 56. Flowers purple. Var. ft, Idxula (Jacq. ox. no. 71. t. 57.) scapes length of petioles ; corolla white. Purple-flowered Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1812. PI. i foot. 170 O. CONVE'XULA (Jacq. ox. no. 69. t. 55.) smooth; stipe declinate, naked below ; leaflets roundish, dotted ; stipulas dilated, acuminated ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; brac- teoles alternate ; styles intermediate ; filaments with glandular hairs. %. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers rose-coloured, with a yellow bottom. Small-convex Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Nov. Clt. 1789. PL | ft. 171 O. HU'MILIS (Thunb. prod. app. 190.) stemless; leaflets roundish, ciliated; scapes 1 -flowered. I/. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Bulb ovate. Petioles pubescent, pros- trate. Scape a little longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas in the middle. Corolla with an ample yellowish tube, and a purple limb. Thunb. fl. cap. ed. Schult. 2. p. 535. is said to be the same as 0. purpurea of Lin. Humble Wood-sorrel. PI. £ foot. 172 O. MJVIGA'TA (Willd. enum. suppl. 26.) almost stemless, quite smooth ; leaflets roundish, intermediate one wedge-shaped ; scape about the length of the petioles ; styles very short. O-H. Native of? Corolla purple. Link. enum. 439. Smooth Wood-sorrel. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PL £ ft. * * * * Leaflets obcordate. Stemless, or almost so. 173 O. PUNCTA'TA (Lin. fil. suppl. 243.) stemless; leaflets roundish, obcordate, dotted beneath, smooth ; petioles and scapes puberulous ; scapes longer than the leaves, with 2 brac- teas above the middle ; styles very short ; filaments with glan- dular hairs. I/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers pale flesh-coloured, red on the outside as well as the margins. Jacq. ox. no. 82. t. 66. Thunb. diss. no. 3. t. 1. Leaves bright-purple beneath, with shining golden dots. Dotted-leaved Wood-sorrel. PI. ^ foot. 174 O. STRUMOSA (Jacq. ox. no. 79. t. 64.) stemless, pube- rulons ; leaflets obcordate ; pedicels length of petioles, with 2 bracteas beneath the middle ; styles very short, with a swelling under the top of each ; filaments with glandular hairs. % . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals white, but red on the outside as well as the margins, with yellow claws. Leaves brownish beneath, and with brown spots above. Smelled-sty]ed Wood-sorrel. PI. -j foot. 175 O. MAROINA'TA (Jacq. ox. no. 85. t. 68.) stemless, pube- rulous ; leaflets obcordate, roundish ; scapes one-half shorter than the petioles, with 2 bracteas in the middle ; calyxes ciliated, with club-shaped hairs, reflexed at the top ; styles intermediate. Tj.. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers large, white. Leaves blood-coloured on the under surface and edged with cinereous villi. Afarginate-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Sept. Dec. Clt. 1812. PI. i foot. 176 O. PULCHE'LLA (Jacq. ox. no. 86. t. 69.) stemless, pube- rulous ; leaflets obcordate, roundish ; scapes 3-times shorter than the petioles, with 2 bracteas in the middle ; calyxes ciliated with club-shaped hairs, reflexed at the apex ; styles very long, and are as well as the filaments beset with glandular hairs. 1£. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves blood- coloured beneath; veins white above. Flowers white, with a blush of carnation within above the base. Neat Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1795. 177 O. OBTU'SA (Jacq. ox. no. 83. t. 79. f. 1.) stemless, densely puberulous ; leaflets obcordate ; scape longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas above the middle ; sepals obtuse ; styles intermediate. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. O. lanata a, Thunb. Flowers red. Filaments smooth. 5/ani-sepalled Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1812. Pl.-Jft. 178 O. LANA'TA (Lin. fil. suppl. 244. exclusive of the syno- nyms) stemless, villously-woolly ; leaflets obcordate ; scape longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas in the middle ; sepals acute ; styles very short. Tf. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. ox. no. 81. t. 77. f. 2. O. lanata ft, Thunb. Flowers white. Filaments hairy. #00% Wood-sorrel- Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1791. PL | foot. 179 O. LUTE'OLA (Jacq. ox. no. 80. t. 65.) stemless, hairy; leaflets obcordate, somewhat retuse ; scapes length of leaves, with 2 bracteas a little above the middle ; styles very short ; inner filaments with glandular hairs ; sepals obtuse. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow. Yellow-flowered Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Sept. Clt. 1823. PI. .| foot. 180 O. FA'LLAX (Jacq. ox. no. 84. t. 67.) stemless, pilose; leaflets obcordate, somewhat retuse ; scapes longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas a little above the middle ; styles inter- mediate, beset with glandular hairs ; inner stamens with glan- Pl. | foot. OXALIDE^E. III. OXALIS. 765 dular hairs, about the length of the styles. 1J. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow. This species is very like the preceding. Fallacious Wood-sorrel. PI. ^ foot. 181 O. MACROGONIA (Jacq. ox. no. 87. t. 70.) almost stemless, rather pilose ; leaflets obcordate, roundish ; scape shorter than the leaves, with 2 bracteas a little above the middle ; styles very long, and are as well as the filaments covered with glandular hairs. Tf. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow. Sepals each with 2 red glands at the top. Long-angled Wood-sorrel. PI. -^ foot. 182 O. PIOTT^ (Coll. hort. rip. p. 98. t. 1.) stemless, tufted, smooth ; leaflets small, obcordate, sessile ; scape twice the length of the leaves, with 2 bracteas above the middle ; styles longer than the stamens, glandular ; filaments smooth ; sepals acute, reflexed at the apex. If.. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers large, rose-coloured. Piotta's Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Sept. Clt. 1816. PL i ft. 183 O. MEGAPOTA'MICA (Spreng. syst. app. p. 184.) stemless, pilose ; leaflets obcordate ; scape longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas above the middle ; sepals bluntish ; inner stamens longer than the styles. I/. S. Native of Brazil, on the banks of the Rio Grande. Flowers yellow ? Rio Grande Wood-sorrel. PL \ foot. 184 O. HISPIDULA (Zucc. in act. monach. 9. ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 1 84.) stemless, hispid ; leaflets obcordate, ciliated ; glaucous beneath ; scape longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas ; sepals acute, with 2 glands at the top of each ; styles longer than the longest stamens. 1£ . S. Native of Brazil. Hispid Wood-sorrel. PL -j foot. 185 O. ERIORHIZA (Zucc. in act. monach. 9. ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 184.) stemless: leaflets obcordately 2-lobed, smooth ; petioles hairy ; scape longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas ; styles shorter than the stamens. If. . S. Native of Brazil. Bulb woolly. Woolly-rooted Wood-sorrel. PL | foot. 186 O. LOBA*TA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 2386.) stemless, smooth; scapes longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas ; leaflets obcor- date, rather glaucous beneath ; sepals acute ; root tuberous. I/ . G. Native of Chili. Flowers yellow, but spotted with red. Zo&ed-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1823. Pl.^ft. 187 O. NA'NA (St. Hil. ex Spreng. syst. append. 184.) stem- less, smooth ; leaflets obovate ; scape longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas ; styles longer than the stamens. 7£.S. Native of Brazil, at Rio Grande. Dwarf Wood-sorrel. PL J foot. 188 O. TE'NERA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 424.) stemless, smooth ; leaflets sessile, obcordate ; scape villous, flaccid, 1 -2-flowered, longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas in the middle; sepals awl-shaped ; styles longer than the stamens. ^ . G. Native of Monte Video. Bulb fusiform. Flowers yellow. Lindl. bot. reg. 1046. Tender Wood-sorrel. Fl. May. Clt. 1826. PL | foot. 189 O. MAGELLA'NICA (Forst. comrn. goet. 9. p. 33.) stem- less ; leaflets obcordate, roundish, fleshy, smooth ; scape shorter than the leaves, with 2 bracteas at the top. Tf. . G. Native of Terra del Fuego in wet places. Flowers white, about the size of those of O. acetosella. Magellan Wood-sorrel. PL •£ foot. 190 O. ACETOSE'LLA (Lin. spec. 620.) stemless ; root of many scaly joints, creeping ; leaflets obcordate, puberulous ; scapes longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas above the middle ; petals oval, obtuse ; styles equal or longer than the inner stamens. I/ . H. Native throughout Europe, in shady places ; plentiful in Bri- tain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 762. O3d. fl. dan. t. 980. Jacq. ox. no. 91. t. 80. f. 1. Woodv. med .bot. p. 56. t. 20. Curt, fl.lbnd. fasc. 2. t. 31. Mill. fig. 195. f. 2. O'xys acetosella, Hall. helv. no. 928. Flowers white, beautifully veined with purple. Mr. Curtis remarks that the leaves are frequently purplish beneath, that the capsules dart forth their seeds at the slightest touch when ripe. This plant, says Gerarde, is called Wood-sour Trefoil, Stubnort, and Sorrel de Bois ; by herbalists Alleluja and Cuckoo's meat, because it springs forth and flowers with the singing of the cuckoo, at which time Alleluja also was wont to be sung in churches. The names sflleluja and Lujula are, however, cor- rupted from the Calabrian name Juliola. It is probably called Stubwort from its covering the ground among the stubs in cop- pices, when they are cut down. In French it is called La petite oseille or Surelle and Pain a coucou. Wood-sorrel has a grateful acid taste, more grateful than common sorrel, and therefore proper to be used in salads ; its acid approaches near to that of the juice of lemons, or the acid of tartar, with which it also corresponds in its medical effects, being esteemed refrigerant, antiscorbutic, and diuretic. An infu- sion of the leaves, or a whey made by boiling the plant in milk, was formerly used in ardent fevers to allay inordinate heat, and to quench thirst. The London College directs a conserve of the leaves and petals to be made by beating them, with thrice their weight of fine sugar and orange-peel, which has the taste of green tea. It is called Conserva Lujulce. The expressed juice de- purated, properly evaporated, and set in a cool place, affords a crystalline acid salt in considerable quantity, which may be used wherever vegetable acids are wanted. It is employed to take iron-moulds and ink-stains out of linen, and is sold under the name of Essential Salt of Lemons. This salt, when genuine, which it seldom is, consists of the vegetable alkali, and a pecu- liar acid, which, according to Bergman, seems more allied to the acid of sugar than that of tartar. What is sold for it in this country, appears sometimes to consist of cream of tartar with the addition of a small quantity of vitriolic acid. For taking out spots in linen, the stained part is dipped in water, sprinkled with a little of the salt powdered, then rubbed on a pewter plate, after which the spot is washed out with warm water. Dr. Beddoes informs us, that the leaves and stalks, wrapped up in a cabbage-leaf, and macerated in warm ashes until reduced to a pulp, have been successfully applied to scro- fulous ulcers. This poultice should remain on the sore for twenty-four hours, and be repeated four times. Afterwards the ulcer is to be dressed with a poultice made of the roots of Meadorv-sneet (Spircea ulmaria), bruised and mixed up with the scum of sour butter-milk : doubtless many of the foreign species may be used in the same way. There is no doubt but a salt may be prepared from all the species. Thunberg says that a good salt was prepared from O'xalis cernua at the Cape, which grows in great abundance there ; but he does not inform us in what quantity. Twenty pounds of fresh leaves of our Wood-sorrel yielded, according to Newman, six pounds of juice, from which two ounces, two drachms, and one scruple of salt, besides two ounces and six drachms of an impure saline mass were procured. Oxalic acid is a vegetable acid naturally formed in O'xalis acetosella, from which it takes its name. It has been discovered by Scheele that this acid can be formed by the action of nitric acid upon sugar and several other vegetable substances. The merit of this discovery was formerly given to Bergman, who first published the method of preparing it in this way. Var. fl, ccerulea (D. C. prod. 700.) flowers bluish.— Tourn. inst. 88. Var. y, subpurpurdscens (D. C. prod. 1. p. 700.) flowers pale-rose or purplish. •%.. H. This is a less plant than the species, and flowers later. It is to be found in England in a lane between Owram and Halifax. Common Wood-sorrel. Fl. April, May. Brit. PL £ foot. \ 766 OXALIDE^E. III. OXALIS. 191 O. PARVIFLORA (Lejeune, fl. spa. 2. p. 307.) stemless ; root toothed, jointed, creeping ; leaflets obcordate, puberulous ; scapes longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas above the middle ; stamens 5, not 10, equal or shorter than the styles. If. H. Native of France, in hedges about Malmedy. O. acetosella, var. S, parviflora, D. C. prod. 1. p. 700. Flowers white, veined with purple. 4-times smaller than those of O. acetosella. Small-flowered Wood-sorrel. Fl. April, May. PI. £ foot. 192 O. AMERICAVNA (Bigl. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 700.) stemless ; root toothed, jointed, creeping ; leaflets obcordate, puberulous ; scape longer than the leaves," with 2 bracteas above the middle ; petals oblong, unequally emarginate ; styles hardly longer than the inner stamens. If. . H. Native of North Ame- rica, in shady woods, round the roots of old trees. Canada (Michx.). On the high mountains of Pennsylvania and New York. O. acetosella, Michx. Pursh, and Nutt. Flowers large, white, veined with red, and with a yellow bottom. This plant differs from the European O. acetosella in the petals being cuneate, emarginate, and narrower, not oval and blunt. It pos- sesses the same qualities. American Wood-sorrel. Fl. April, May. Clt. ? PI. | ft. * * * * Leaflets obcordate. Sub&tipitale, or with a stem. 193 O. TENE'LLA (Jacq. ox. no. 82. t. 19.) plant substipi- tate, smoothish ; leaflets obcordate ; scape longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas above the middle ; styles very short ; filaments with glandular hairs. If . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla pale lilac. Sepals with 2 red glands at the top of each, on the outside. Delicate Wood-sorrel. Fl. Nov. Dec. Clt. 1793. PL | ft. 194 O. NA^TANS (Lin. fil. suppl. 243.) stem declinate, naked at the base ; leaflets obcordate', smooth ; peduncles length of leaves, with 2 bracteas under the middle ; styles very short. 1^ • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, floating in water. Thunb. ox. no. 4. t. 1. f. 4. Jacq. ox. no. 78. t. 76. f. 2. Flowers white. Leaves and flowers floating on the water. Floating Wood-sorrel. Fl. Sept. Dec. Clt. 1795. PI. fl. 195 O. CRUENTA'TA (Jacq. fil. eel. 1. p. 66. t. 45.) plant sub- stipitate, rather hairy ; leaflets obcordate ; peduncles a little longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas above the middle ; styles intermediate. If . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purple. Filaments smooth, outer ones toothed. Bloody Wood-sorrel. PI. | foot. 196 O. FILICAU'LIS (Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 2. t. 205.) stern naked at the base, decumbent, a little branched ; leaflets obcor- dately 2-lobed, smooth ; peduncles longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas in the middle ; styles intermediate. .If.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers violaceous. Filaments smooth, outer ones toothed. Thread-stemmed Wood-sorrel. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1815. PI. decumbent. 197 O. BIFIDA (Thunb. ox. no. 16. t. 1. f. 2.) stem erect, branched a little ; leaflets obcordately 2-lobed, smooth ; peduncles longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas a little above the middle. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. ox. no. 89. t. 79. f. 4. Flowers violaceous, with a yellow bottom. Styles very long, hairy as well as the stamens. ByW-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1791. Pl.|ft. Leaflets linear, somewhat cuneated, emarginate, or refuse at the apex. Stems usually declinate. 198 O. CUNEA'TA (Jacq. ox. no. 55. t. 40.) stem declinate, naked at the base ; leaflets cuneated, emarginate, pilose ; pedicels length of petioles, with 2 bracteas at the apex ; styles very long ; filaments with glandular hairs at the apex. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white, with a yellow bottom. Cuneated-leaved. Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Sept. Clt. 182~>. PI. decumbent. 199 O. CUNEIFOLIA (Jacq. ox. no. 56. t. 41.) stem declinate, naked at the base ; leaflets cuneated, emarginate, pilose ; pedi- cels length of petioles, with 2 bracteas at the top ; styles very short ; filaments with glandular hairs. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white, with the bottom hardly yellow. This species is very like the preceding. Wedge-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1793. PI. decumbent. 200 O. PUSI'LLA (Jacq. ox. no. 57. t. 42.) stem short, naked at the base, somewhat declinate ; leaflets linear-cuneated, emar- ginate, smooth ; pedicels length of petioles, with 2 bracteas at the top ; styles intermediate ; filaments smooth. If. . G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Plant hardly a finger in length. Flowers of a pale flesh-colour. Small Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Sept. Clt. 1823. PI. declinate. 201 O. LINEA'RIS (Jacq. ox. no. 47. t. 32.) stem declinate, naked at the base, and is as well as the leaves puberulous ; leaflets linear, emarginate ; pedicels shorter than the petioles, with 2 bracteas at the top ; styles very long. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla violet. Filaments smooth, toothless. Linear-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1795. PI. declinate. 202 O. RECLINA'TA (Jacq. ox. no. 49. t. 34.) stem reclinate, naked at the base, branched a little ; leaflets linear, somewhat cuneated, emarginate ; pedicels longer than the petioles, with 2 bracteas above the middle, and are as well as the petioles pube- rulous ; styles intermediate. I/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers of a pale vermilion-colour. Filaments a little hairy. Keclinate-stemmed Wood-sorrel. PI. decumbent. 203 O. GRA'CILIS (Jacq. ox. no. 48. t. 33.) stem declinate, naked at the base, and is as well as the leaves smooth ; leaflets linear, rather callose at the top ; pedicels longer than the petioles, with 2 bracteas above the middle ; styles very long, and are as well as the filaments covered with glandular hairs. 1£ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers of a pale vermilion-colour. O. versicolor, var. y, Willd. spec. 2. p. 792. Slender Wood-sorrel. PL decumbent. 204 O. MINIA'TA (Jacq. ox. no. 50. t. 35.) stem declinate, naked at the base, and is as well as the leaves smooth ; leaflets linear, a little emarginate at the apex ; pedicels a little longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas above the middle. If. . G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers of a vermilion-co- lour. Styles very short. Filaments toothless, smooth. O. elon- gata, Willd. spec. 2. p. 793. Fmwi/iora-flowered Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Sept. Clt. 1819. PL prostrate. 205 O. MACROMISCHOS (Spreng. syst. app. p. 185.) stem de- clinate, naked at the base, and is as well as the leaves hoary- villous ; leaflets linear, somewhat emarginate ; peduncles very long, at length refracted ; styles very short. I/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Long-pedicelled Wood-sorrel. PL prostrate. § 10. Adenophyllce (from cufyv, aden, a gland, and v\\oy, phyllon, a leaf; leaves furnished with glands at the tip). D. C. prod. 1. p. 701. Stems sometimes sparingly leafy, sometimes very leafy at the top, sometimes almost wanting. Leaves stalked, with 3-5 linear leaflets, bearing at the top beneath red callose glands. Peduncles 1 -jlorvered. 206 O. MINU'TA (Thunb. diss. no. 2. t. 2. f. 3.) stemless; OXALLDE.E. III. OXALIS. 767 leaflets 3, linear-lanceolate, acute ; scape longer than the leaves ; styles very long. Q. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. ox. no. 44. t. 79. f. 2. The leaves are probably glandular. Flowers white. Minute Wood-sorrel. PI. A foot. 207 O. GLA'BRA (Thunb. ox. no. 17. t. 2. f. 1.) stem very short, naked at the base, erect ; leaflets 3, linear-wedge-shaped, emarginate, ciliated, with many glands beneath ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; styles very long. 7(L . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. ox. no. 58. t. 76. f. 3. Flowers purple. Smooth Wood-sorrel. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1 795. PI. i ft. 208 O. VERsicoLOR (Lin. spec. 622.) stem declinate, naked at the base ; leaflets 3, linear, emarginate, with 2 red glands beneath ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; styles very long, and are as well as the filaments beset with glandular hairs. 1£. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. ox. no. 51. t. 36. Curt. bot. mag. t. 155. Smith, icon. rar. 7. t. 7. Corolla white inside and reddish outside. Filaments toothed. Various-coloured-Rowered Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Mar. Clt. 1774. PI. £ foot. 209 O. SYLVE'STRIS (Jacq. ox. t. 77. f. 4.) stem declinate, naked at the base ; leaflets 3, linear, emarginate, with 2 red glands beneath ; peduncles length of leaves ; styles very long, hairy ; filaments toothless, smooth. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla white inside and red outside. Wild Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Mar. Clt. ? PI. declinate. 210 O. ELONGA^TA (Jacq. ox. no. 52. t. 37.) stem declinate, naked at the base; leaflets 3, linear, emarginate, with 2 red glands at the top of each ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; styles very short. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals white, hardly edged with red, a little emarginated at the top. Sepals with two red glands at the tip beneath. Var. /3, amofna (Jacq. hort. schoenbr. t. 206.) sepals blunt ; petals obtuse, of a rose-purple colour. Elongated Wood-sorrel. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1791. PI. prostrate. 211 O. TENUIF&LIA (Jacq. ox. no. 53. t. 38.) stem erect, spa- ringly leafy ; leaflets 3, linear, emarginate, with many red glands beneath ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; styles very short ; inner filaments with glandular hairs. I/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 712. Corolla white, with reddish edges on the outside. Fine-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1790. PI. | ft. 212 O. POLYPHY'LLA (Jacq. ox. no. 59. t. 39.) stem erect, a little branched, leafy at top ; leaflets 3, linear, emarginate, with 2 red glands beneath ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; styles intermediate, and are as well as filaments beset with glandular hairs. 2£. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla pale-red. O. versicolor, Jacq. icon. rar. t. 473. — Burm. afr. t. 27. f. 1. Many-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Sept. Clt. 1791. Pl.^ft. 213 O. FILIFOLIA (Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 3. t. 273.) stem de- clinate, naked at the base ; leaflets 3, linear, entire at the apex, with callose glands ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; styles very long, and are as well as the inner filaments beset with glan- dular hairs. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Co- rolla rose-coloured. Thread-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Sept. Clt. 1822. PI. prostrate. 214 O. PENTAPHY'LLA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1549.) stem erectish, naked below ; leaflets 5, linear, rather entire at the apex, with 1 or 2 callose glands beneath ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; styles intermediate. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. O. digitata, Poir. 'suppl. 4. p. 254. exclusive of the synonyms and var. /3. Flowers rose-flesh-coloured. Petioles reddish and stem-clasping at die base. Five-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Feb. Nov. Clt. 1800. PI. | ft. § 11. Palmatifolia (from palmatus, palmate, and folium, a leaf; leaves palmate). D. C. prod. 1. p. 702. Stemless and with a short stipe, naked at the base. Leases stalked, palmately or peltately divided into 5-15 leaflets, destitute of glands. Scaj)es 1 -flowered. 215 O. MALLOBO'LBA (Cav. icon. 4. p. 64. t. 393. f. 2.) stem- less ; bulb woolly ; leaflets 5, ovate ; scape bearing 2 awl- shaped bracteas in the middle. T£. G. Native of Buenos Ayres. Plant very small. Bulb clothed with beautiful rufous wool. Flowers yellow. Styles intermediate, villous. Soft-bulbed Wood-sorrel. PI. ^ foot. 216 O. COMMERSONII (Pers. ench. 1. p. 519.) stem very short, leafy ; leaflets 6, ovate, clothed with close-pressed villi ; scapes longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas in the middle. "%. . G. Native of Monte Video. O. sexenata, Savign. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 687. Flowers yellow. Commerson's Wood-sorrel. PI. ^ foot. 217 O. LUPINIFOLIA (Jacq. ox. FIG. 122. no. 92. t. 72.) almost stemless ; leaflets 7-8, lanceolate, acutish, smooth, spotted at the base ; pe- tioles compressed; scape length of petiole ; styles very short ; filaments with glandular hairs. I/. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow. Lupine-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1775. PI. I ft. 218 O. FLA'VA (Lin. spec. 621.) stem erect, short, naked at the base ; leaflets 6-7, smooth, linear, channelled, acute ; peduncles ra- ther longer than the petioles ; styles very short ; filaments with glandular hairs. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. ox. no. 93. t. 73. Burm. afr. t. 27. f. 4. Ker. bot. reg. t. 117. Flowers yellow. IWZoro-flowered Wood-sorrel. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1775. PI. ± foot. 219 O. PECTINA'TA (Jacq. ox. no. 94. t. 74.) almost stemless ; leaflets 7, smooth, linear-lanceolate, obtuse ; peduncles length of leaves ; sepals close-pressed ; styles very long, and are, as well as the filaments, beset with glandular hairs. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — Burm. afr. t. 30. f. 1. Flowers yellow. Pectinated-leaved. Wood-sorrel. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1790. PI. i foot. 220 O. FLABELLIFOLIA (Jacq. ox. no. 94. t. 74.) almost stem- less ; leaflets 6-7-9, smooth, linear, emarginate ; peduncles hardly longer than the petioles ; sepals reflexed at the apex ; styles in- termediate, and are, as well as the inner filaments, beset with glandular hairs. I/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow. Fan-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Sep. Nov. Clt. 1789. PI. -J ft. 221 O. TOMENTOSA (Lin. fil. suppl. 244.) almost stemless ; leaflets 9-19, clothed with pubescent down on both surfaces, lanceolate-cuneated, emarginate ; scapes length of petioles ; styles very long. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.— Jacq. ox. no. 96. t. 81.— Plum. t. 350. f. 3. Corolla whitish. Tomentose Wood-sorrel. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1791. PI. £ft. 222 O. ENNEAPHY'LLA (Cav. icon. 5. p. 7. t. 411.) stipe creeping at the base, covered with interrupted scales ; leaflets 9, smooth, obcordate, wedge-shaped, almost bifid ; peduncles length of the leaves ; styles very long. If. . G. Native of the Falk- \ 768 OXALIDE^. III. OXALIS. IV. LEDOCARPUM. ZYGOPHYLLE^E. land Islands. Corolla rose-coloured, with yellow lines. Styles capitate and pencil-formed, like the following. Nine-leaved Wood-sorrel. PI. \ foot. 223 O. LACINIA'TA (Cav. icon. 5. p. 7. t. 412.) stipe creeping at the base, covered with scales; leaflets 11-13, linear, acute, smooth ; scapes shorter than the petioles ; styles very long. If. . S. Native of South America. Corolla violaceous. This and the preceding species have creeping scaly stipes. Jagged Wood-sorrel. PI. | foot. Cult. O'xalis is a curious and beautiful genus. The hardy kinds require no care. If the roots are planted in a shady bor- der, they will thrive and multiply. If the seeds of annual species are sown in the open border in spring, the plants will rise freely, and if they are permitted to scatter their seeds, there will be a plentiful supply of plants. The greenhouse kinds are mostly bulbs from the Cape of Good Hope ; a mixture of sand, loam, and peat is best suited for these ; they require no water after they have done flowering, until they begin to grow afresh, these are increased by offsets from the bulbs, and by seeds. The most of them may be grown in a frame, but care should be taken that they are protected from the frost during winter. The stove species should be grown in the same kind of soil recom- mended for the greenhouse kinds ; the shrubby kinds of these may be increased by cuttings or seeds ; the herbaceous fibrous- rooted ones by dividing the plants at the roots or by seeds ; the bulbous-rooted ones by offsets from the roots. But some of the frame and greenhouse species are fibrous-rooted, therefore they should also be increased by dividing the plants at the root. IV. LEDOCA'RPUM (from \r,$ov, ledon, cistus, and (capjroc, karpos, a fruit ; resemblance in fruit to that of a Cistus). Desf. mem. mus. 4. p. 250. D. C. prod. 1. p. 702. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx permanent, 5- sepalled, girded by 10 linear bracteas. Petals 5. Stamens 10, 5 alternate ones shortest; filaments free, permanent. Ovary roundish. Stigmas 5, thickened. Capsules 5-valved, 5-celled, many-seeded — Small branching shrubs, with opposite, ternate, grey, sessile leaves, linear, awl-shaped leaflets, and solitary, ter- minal, large, yellow flowers. 1 L. CHILOE'NSE (Desf. mem. mus. 4. p. 250. t. 13.) canes- cent; leaves 3-parted, with linear segments ; pedicels short, fj • F. Native of Chiloe. Balbisia verticillata, Cav. icon. ined. in bibl. Balb. and annal. no. 19. p. 61. Chiloe Ledocarpum. Shrub 2 feet. 2 L. PEDUNCULATE (Lindl. bot. reg. 1392.) canescent; leaves 3-parted ; leaflets linear ; pedicels long. Jj . F. Native of Chili. Stamens nearly equal in length. Long-peduncled Ledocarpum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. Shrub 1 foot. Cult. These pretty little shrubs will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat ; and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat. ORDER LVIII. ZYGOPHY'LLE^E (plants agreeing with Zygc.phyllum in important characters). R. Br. gen. rem. p. 13. D. C. prod. 1. p. 703. Calyx of 5 distinct sepals, or hardly connected at the base. Petals 5, alternating with the sepals, and inserted into the recep- tacle. Stamens 10, distinct, hypogynous, 5 opposite the petals and 5 opposite the sepals. Ovary 1, 5-celled. Styles 5, joined into one, but sometimes they are distinct at the top. Carpels 5, constantly more or less adnate to each other, and to the central axis ; cells opening at the upper angle, usually many-seeded, but sometimes 1 -seeded, never cocculiferous nor arilliferous. Seeds albuminous, or exalbuminous. Embryo straight, with a superior radicle and leafy cotyledons. — Herbs, shrubs, and trees variable in habit. Leaves furnished with stipulas at the base, usually compound, in the Zygophyllece verce opposite, but alternate in Zygophyllece spurice. — This order is intermediate between Oxalidece and Rutacece. It is distinguished from the former in the styles beingjoined into one, never free, and in the seeds being without aril, as well as in the leaves being opposite, and furnished with stipulas ; and from the latter it differs in the structure of the carpels, but especially in the absence of elastic cocculum, which is truly notable in Rutacece verce. At first sight it is distinguished from both in the twin stipulas at the base of the petioles. Many of the species of this order bear beautiful flowers, and enliven many an arid waste within the tropics, particularly the Tribulus cistoides. The Zygophyllum Fabago is employed as an anthelmintic, but it is in Guaiacum that the great medical virtues of the order are to be found ; it has been found to contain a particular substance, which is called Guaiacine, differing both from resin and gum. Synopsis of the genera. % 1. Zygophyllece verce. Leaves opposite. 1 TRI'BULUS. Carpels 5, adnate to the triangular axis, inde- hiscent, 1-celled, 1 -seeded, beset with prickles on the outside. Style none. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 10. 2 EHRENBE'RGIA. This genus differs from Tribulus in the capsule being of 10 1 -seeded, indehiscent, crested carpels. 3 FAGONIA. Capsule roundish, 5-angled, 5-celled ; cells 2- valved, 1-seeded. Stigma 1. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 10. 4 LA'RREA. Capsule of 5 1-celled, 1-seeded carpels, closely connected. Style pentagonal. Filaments with an appendage at the base inside. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 10. 5 ROEPE'RA. Sepals and petals 4. Stamens 8. Capsule 4-angled, with the angles expanded into wings, 4-celled, 3 of which are usually abortive. Seed solitary. Style 4-furrowed. 6 ZYGOPHY'LLUM. Capsule oblong, pentagonal, 5-celled, 5- valved ; cells many-seeded. Style 1 . Filaments with an ap- pendage at the base inside. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 10. 7 GUAIACUM. Capsule substipitate, 5-angled, 5-celled, or only 2-3-celled from abortion. Seeds solitary in the cells. Style 1. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 10. 8 PORLIE'RIA. Sepals and petals 4. Stamens 8. Style 1, crowned by a peltate stigma. Carpels 4, connate, drupaceous. § 2. Zygophyllece spurice. Leaves alternate. 9 CHITONIA. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. Stamens 8. Style 1, crowned by a peltate stigma. Capsule 4-valved, 4-celled ; valves keeled. Seeds 2 in each cell. 10 BIEBERSTE'INIA. Petals and sepals 5. Stamens 10. Styles 5, joined. Carpels 5, connate at the base, 1-seeded, arillate inside. 11 TRICHANTHE'RA. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 5. Styles numerous. Capsule pentagonal, 5-celled, 5-valved, many-seeded, ZYGOPHYLLE&. I. TRIBULUS. II. EHRENBERGIA. 769 12 ANATROPA. Sepals and petals 4. Stamens 4. Style short, clavate. Capsule quadrangular, depressed, 4-valved, 4- celled ; cells 4-5-seeded. 13 MELIA'NTHUS. Calyx 5-cleft, unequal; lower segment drawn out into a hollow gibbosity. Petals 5. Stamens 4, 2 of which are connate. Style 1, crowned by a 4-cleft stigma. Cap- sule 4-lobed, 4-celled; cells 1 -seeded from abortion. 14 BALANITES. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 10. Ovary 5-celled, 5-seeded. Drupe 1 -celled and 1 -seeded from abortion. 1. Zygophyllece verce. D. C. prod. 1. p. 703. opposite. Leaves I. TRI'BULUS (from rptis, treis, three, and /3o\oe, bolos, a point ; each carpel is armed with 3, sometimes 4, prickly points). Tourn. inst. t. 141. Lin. gen. no. 532. B.C. prod. 1. p. 703.. LIN. SYST. Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 5-parted, usually permanent. Petals 5, spreading. Stamens 10. Style very short, with a broad stigma. Carpels 4-5, adhering to the axis, triangular, indehiscent, hard, covered on the outside with tubercles or spines, transversely many-celled inside, rarely 1 -celled, with a solitary, horizontal, exalbuminous seed in each cell. Cotyledons thickish (Gaert. fruct. 1. t. 69.) — Diffuse trail- ing herbs, with abruptly-pinnate leaves and membranous sti- pulas. Pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, solitary. Flowers usually yellow, rarely white. 1 T. CISTOIDES (Lin. spec. 554.) leaves with 8 pairs of rather equal leaflets, which are silky beneath ; pedicels length of pe- tioles. 1£. S. Native of South America and the West Indies, in dry, sandy, barren places, also of the island of O Wahu. Jacq. hort. schoenb. t. 103. Ker. bot. reg.t. 791. — Herm. par. t. 136. — Pluk. phyt. t. 67. f. 4. The capsule, according to Kunth, is of 5 carpels, each divided into 2 or 3 transverse cells, armed outside with sharp spines. This is a beautiful species, with large yellow flowers, resembling those of some species of Helianthcmum. It is very common about Kingston in Ja- maica, and is planted in many gardens there for the sake of its flowers, which are very shewy, and have an agreeable smell. Fowls are observed to feed much upon them, and it is thought to heighten their flavour, as well as to contribute to fatten them. Hence the plant is called Turkey-blossom. Rock-rose-like-&owered Caltrops. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1752. PI. trailing. 2 T. A LBUS (Poir. diet. 8. p. 44.) leaves with usually 8 pairs of rather equal leaflets, which are villous on both surfaces ; pedicels shorter than the petioles. 1£ . S. Native of Guinea, very common at Cape Coast, Acra, and Whidah, in sandy, barren places. Petals whitish, hardly longer than the calyx. White-QowereA Caltrops. Fl.Ju. Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. trailing. 3 T. TERRE'STRIS (Lin. spec. 554.) leaves with usually 6 pairs of rather equal leaflets ; pedicels shorter than the petioles ; carpels 4-horned. Q. H. Native of the south of Europe, Barbary, Senegal, and the Mauritius, in barren, sandy places. Leaves villous and almost smooth. Lam. ill. t. 346. f. 1. Schkuhr. handb. 1. t. 115. — Lob. icon. 2. t. 84. — Mor. hist. sect. 2. t. 8. f. 9. — Barrel, icon. t. 558. Capsule of 5 carpels, each having 2 or 3 transverse cells. Flowers yellow. This is a very com- mon species in the south of Europe, in arable land, and is trou- blesome to cattle by the prickly fruit running into their feet. The French name of this plant is La Croix de Chevalier. Our English appellation of Caltrops, is taken from the form of the fruit, which resembles the machines which are cast in the way to obstruct an enemy's cavalry. Earth or Common Caltrops. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1596. Pl.tr. VOL. I. 4 T. SUBINE'RMIS (Fisch. cat. hort. gor. 1808. p. 94.) leaves usually with 6 pairs of rather equal leaflets, which are hairy on both surfaces ; pedicels shorter than the petioles ; capsules arm- less, but tubercled. ©. H. Native of Thibet. Flowers yellow. {/named-capsuled Caltrops. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PL trailing. 5 T. ALA'TUS (Del. ill. p. 44.) leaves with 5 or 6 pairs of rather equal leaflets, which are clothed on both surfaces with close-pressed villi ; pedicels very short ; capsules without horns but with winged margins. O. H. Native of Egypt, in sandy, barren places. T. pentandrus, Forsk. descr. 38. which is said to have only 5 or 6 stamens. Capsule of 5 carpels, each having 2 transverse cells. Flowers yellow. Winged-fruited Caltrops. PI. trailing. 6 T. LANUGINOSUS (Lin. spec. 553.) leaves with 5 or 6 pairs of rather equal leaflets, which are covered with close-pressed pubescence ; pedicels snorter than the leaves ; carpels 2-horned. Q. S. Native of Ceylon. — Burm. zeyl. 265. t. 106. f. 1. Flowers yellow. Fruit angular, hairy. Woolly Caltrops. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. PI. trailing. 7 T. MA'XIMUS (Lin. spec. 553.) leaves of 3 or 4 pairs of leaflets, outer ones largest ; pedicels shorter than the leaves ; carpels unarmed, connected together into a 10-ribbed, 10-seeded fruit. O- S. Native of Jamaica and St. Thomas, in sandy, arid places. Jacq. icon. rar. t. 462. Lam. ill. t. 346. f. 2. Capsule of 10 1 -celled carpels. The flowers are pale yellow, and have an agreeable odour. Greatest Cahrops. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1739. PL trailing. 8 T. TRIJUGA'TUS (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 277.) leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets, outer ones largest ; pedicels ? carpels crested and muricated, 1-seeded. 0. H. Native of North America in Georgia about Savannah. Flowers yellow. Three-paired-\ea.ved Caltrops. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PL trailing. 9 T. PUBE'SCENS ; pubescent ; leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets. O- S. Native of Acra in Guinea. Flowers small, cream- coloured. Capsules prickly. Pubescent Caltrops. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. PL trailing. Cult. The annual species of this genus require to be sown in a moderate hot-bed in spring, and about the middle of May the plants may be planted out in a warm sheltered situation in the open border, where they will ripen their seeds. The peren- nial species will grow very well in a mixture of loam and peat, and they may be either increased by cuttings or seeds. II. EHRENBE'RGIA (in honour of C. G. Ehrenberg, a traveller in Egypt, Lybia, and Arabia, author of Sylva Myco- logicse Berolinensis, and other works). Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 72. t. 163. LIN. SYST. Dec&ndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5-6 sepals. Pe- tals 5-6, spreading. Stamens 10-12, alternate ones inserted in the claws of the petals ; the others in the receptacle. Carpels usually 10, 1-seeded, disposed in a whorl around the central axis, crested on the back. 1 E. TRIBULOIDES (Mart. fl. bras. 1. c.). O- S. Native of Brazil. Tribulus Brasiliensis, Spreng. syst. app. p. 343. A branching, diffuse, pubescent herb, with abruptly-pinnate leaves, having 5-6 pairs of opposite or alternate leaflets, axil- lary, 1-flowered pedicels, bearing coppery, vermilion-coloured flowers. Tribulus-li/ce Ehrenbergia. PL trailing. Cult. The seeds of this plant may be raised on a hot-bed, and when the plants have grown 2 or 3 inches, they may be planted out in the open border in a sheltered situation, uvthe month of May. 5 F \ 770 ZYGOPHYLLE^E. III. FAGONIA. IV. LARREA. V. ROEPERA. III. FAGONIA (in honour of M. Fagon, archiater to Louis XIV. who was a great patron of botany). Tourn. inst. t. 141. Lin. gen. no. 531. D. C. prod. 1. p. 704. Andr. Juss. ann. mus. 12. p. 453. t. 14. no. 2. LIN. SYST. Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 5 -parted, deciduous. Petals 5, unguiculate. Stamens 10 ; filaments naked at the base. Stigma 1, acute, 5-furrowed. Ovary acutely 5-angled, 5-celled, acuminated ; cells 2-valved, 1 -seeded. Em- bryo straight in the axis of a fleshy albumen (Gsert. fruct. 2. p. 153. t. 113.) — Herbs or subshrubs, with simple or ternate leaves, usually with spiny twin stipulas at their base, and axil- lary, solitary, 1 -flowered pedicels. Flowers purple or violet, seldom yellowish. § 1 . Leaves trifoliate, 1 F. CRE'TICA (Lin. spec. 553.) leaflets linear-lanceolate, smooth ; stipulas spiny ; ovaries smooth. Tj . G. Native of Candia, Mauritania, and Spain, on mountains, in places exposed to the sun. Lam. ill. t. 346. Curt. bot. mag. t. 241. F. erecta, Mill. diet. no. 1. Stem procumbent, rarely erect. Flowers purple, with yellow stamens. Cretan Fagonia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1739. Shrub 1 foot or trailing. 2 F. HISPA'NICA (Lin. spec. 553.) leaflets linear-lanceolate ; stipulas not spiny. $ . F. Native of Spain. Mill. diet. no. 2. This is a doubtful species ; it is probably only a variety of the preceding. Flowers purple, with yellow stamens. Spanish Fagonia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.? PI. trailing. 3 F. ARA'BICA (Lin. spec. 553.) leaflets linear, mucronate, convex beneath ; stipulas spiny, elongated ; ovaries villous. *}'. G. Native of Barbary, Egypt, and Arabia. Stem much branched. Spines very long. Flowers purple or violet Arabian Fagonia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1759. Sh. 1^ foot. 4 F. GLUTINOSA (Delil. fl. aegyp. 86. t. 28. f. 2.) leaflets obo- vate, mucronate ; stipulas spiny, shorter than the petioles ; stems prostrate, dichotomous, and are, as well as the fruit, clammy. Jj . G. Native of the North of Africa in the desert of Cairo. F. scabra, Forsk. descr. 88. ? Flowers purple or violet. Clammy Fagonia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1 820. Sh. prostrate. 5 F. MOLLIS (Delil. fl. egyp. 76. t. 27. f. 2.) leaflets oval, mucronate, villous ; stipulas spiny, length of petioles ; stem shrubby, diffuse, villous at the apex ; fruit hispid. Jj . G. Native along with the preceding. Flowers purplish. Soft Fagonia. Shrub diffuse. 6 F. LATIFOLIA (Delil. fl. egyp. 86. t. 28. f. 3.) lateral leaflets lanceolate, acute, middle one larger and obovately orbicular ; stipulas small, spiny. Q. G. Native of Egypt, near Cairo. Flowers purplish or violet. Broad-leaved Fagonia. PI. trailing. § 2. Leaves simple. 7 F. MYSORE'NSIS (Roth. nov. spec. 215.) leaves simple, linear, ending in a cartilaginous point ; stipulas spiny, subulate, rough, longer than the leaves ; pedicels twice as short as the leaves. Q? S. Native of Mysore in the East Indies. Flowers yellow ? Mysore Fagonia. PI. | foot. 8 F. PE'RSICA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 704.) leaves simple, oval ; stipulas spiny, awl- shaped, shorter than the leaves ; pedicels rather longer than the leaves. Q. H. Native of Persia. F. I'ndica, Burm. fl. ind. p. 102. t. 34. f. 1. Flowers yellow. Persian Fagonia. PL \ foot. 9 F. OLIVE'RII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 704.) leaves simple, oblong- linear ; stipulas spiny, hardly the length of the leaves ; pedicels very short ; fruit pubescent. Tj . G. Native between Bagdad and Aleppo. This species has the habit of F. Persica, buf the spines are longer and the pedicels very short. Flowers yellow. Olivier's Fagonia. Shrub 1 foot. 10 F. BRUGUIE'RI (D. C. prod. 1. p. 704.) leaves simple, oblong, pointed ; stipulas spiny, longer than the leaves ; branches tetragonal ; pedicels very short ; fruit pubescent. !£ . G. Na- tive between Bagdad and Aleppo. Root woody. Stem branched from the base, hardly a finger high. Flowers probably yellow. Bruguier's Fagonia. PI. -y foot. Cult. Fagonia is a genus of pretty little shrubby looking plants. They are only to be increased by seeds, which should be sown in pots in autumn, in a light rich soil ; these should be placed under a frame in winter ; in spring several of the plants may be potted off" in separate pots and placed among the green- house plants, others may be planted out in the open border, in a warm sheltered situation, 10 inches apart; thus they will flower early and ripe seeds may be obtained. The shrubby species hardly last more than three years, therefore care should be taken to preserve their seeds. IV. LA'RREA (in honour of John Anthony de Larrea, a Spanish promoter of the sciences). Cav. icon. 6. p. 36. D. C. prod. 1. p. 705. Andr. Juss. ann. du mus. 12. p. 456. t. 15. no. 5. LIN. SYST. Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 5-parted, unequal. Petals 5, unguiculate. Stamens 10 ; filaments scaly at the base ; anthers cordate. Ovary on a short stipe, 5-fur- rowed, 5-celled. Style 1, pentagonal, acute at apex, at length .5-cleft. Capsule of 5 1 -celled carpels, constantly joined toge- ther, with a solitary seed in each cell from abortion. Albumen dense. Embryo straight. — Small shrubs with alternating distich branches, and pinnate, 2-lobed or 2-parted leaves, with 2 short, acute stipulas at their base. Pedicels solitary, axillary, 1- flowered. Flowers yellow. 1 L. NITIDA (Cav. icon. 6. t. 559.) leaves impari-pinnate, smooth, clammy, with 5 or 7 pairs of approximate linear leaflets. Vl . G. Native of Buenos Ayres near Mendoza. Ovary villous. Shining-leaved Larrea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Sh. 8 ft. 2 L. DIVARICA'TA (Cav. icon. 6. t. 560. f. 1.) leaves sessile, 2-lobed, villous ; lobes deep, lanceolate, divaricate. Tj . G. Native along with the preceding. Ovary and fruit beset with long hairs. Divaricate-\obed Larrea. Shrub 6 feet. 3 L. CUNEIFOLIA (Cav. icon. 6. t. 560. f. 2). leaves almost sessile, villous, cuneated, 2-lobed at the apex, with a prominent bristle between the lobes. Tj . G. Native along with the two preceding. Wedge-leaved Larrea. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. These pretty shrubs will thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and young cuttings, planted under a bell- glass, will strike root freely. V. ROEPE'RA (J. Roeper, author of a monograph of Ger- man and Hungarian Euphorbias). Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 454. t. 15. no. 3. LIN. SYST. Octdndria Monogynia. Calyx permanent, deeply 4-parted. Petals 4, unguiculate. Stamens 8 ; filaments naked at the base. Ovary with 4 scales at the base, 4-ribbed, 4-celled. Style and stigma 4-furrowed. Capsule 4-angled, with the an- gles expanded into reticulately-veined wings, 4-celled, 3 of which are usually abortive. Seed solitary from abortion, ovate, acute, compressed, scabrous. Embryo slender. — Shrubs with twin leaflets and stipulas. Peduncles solitary or twin, axillary, 1 -flowered. Flowers pale-yellow. This genus has the habit of Zygophyllum. 1 R. BILLARDIE'RII (Andr. Juss. mem. mus. 12. p. 454.) leaves bifoliate, stalked ; leaflets oblong, fleshy, flat ; stem de- ZYGOPHYLLEiE. V. ROEPERA. VI. ZYGOPHYLLUM. 771 cumbent. Tj. G. Native of New Holland. Zygophyllum Billardierii, D. C. prod. 1. p. 705. Sepals reflexed. Flowers small, yellow. La Billardier's Roepera. Shrub decumbent. 2 R. FRUTICULOSA (Andr. Juss. 1. c.) leaves bifoliate, stalked ; leaflets oblong, fleshy, flat : pedicels very short ; stem shrubby, erect. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern coast. Zygophyllum fruticulosum, D. C. prod. 1. p. 707. Flowers small, yellow. Shrubby Roepera. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 3 ft. Cult. These pretty little shrubs will grow freely in a mix- ture of loam, peat, and sand ; and young cuttings will strike root freely if planted in a pot of sand, under a hand-glass. VI. ZYGOPHY'LLUM (from fryos, zygos, a yoke, and v\\ov, phyllon, a leaf; the leaves are conjugate). Lin. gen. no. 530. D. C. prod. 1. p. 705. Andr. Juss. mem. mus. 12. p. 455. t. 15. no. 4. — Fabago, Tourn. inst. t. 230. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx unequal, deeply 5 -parted. Petals 5, unguiculate. Stamens 10 ; filaments fur- nished with a scaly appendage at the base on their inside. Ovary seated on a short gynophore, which is sometimes convex or almost wanting, but usually concave or disk-like, glandular, hypogynous. Style 1, tapering into a minute stigma. Capsule oblong, 5-sided, 5-celled, 5-valved ; valves at length separating. Seeds somewhat reniform, many in each cell, disposed in 2 rows, fixed to the inner angle, without albumen (Gaert. fr. 2. t. 112.). Embryo slender. — Herbs and shrubs, with fleshy, simple, or binate, rarely pinnate leaves. Stipulas twin, membranous. Pedicels axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered. Flowers red, white, but for the most part yellow, with a dark base. * Leaves simple. 1 Z. SI'MPLEX (Lin. mant. 68.) leaves simple, sessile, cylin- drical. Q. F. Native of Egypt and Arabia in deserts, fre- quent. Z. portulacoides, Forsk. descr. 88. with a figure, t. 12. B. Flowers yellow. Capsules few-seeded. Scales of stamens 2-parted. This plant is called Carmal in Arabia, and is esteemed by the Arabs very good for removing specks in the eyes, for which purpose the bruised leaves are applied mixed with water. Simple-leaved. Bean-caper. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. PI. trailing. 2 Z. CORDIFOLIUM (Lin. fil. suppl. 232.) leaves simple, sessile, roundish, somewhat cordate. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 60. Flowers orange-yellow. Heart-leaved Bean-caper. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1774. Shrub 2 ft. 3 Z. SPATULA* TUM ; stem prostrate; leaves simple, spatulate, sessile ; flowers sessile. I/ . S. Native of the Cape Verd Islands, particularly in St. Jago, in the date plantation below the Fort. Flowers small, yellow. Spatulate-leaved Bean-caper. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI. trailing. * * Leaves bifoliate ; leaflets fiat, smooth. 4 Z. FABAGO (Lin. spec. 551.) leaves stalked ; leaflets ob- ovate ; pedicels erect ; calyxes smooth ; petals undivided. % . H. Native of Syria, Tauria, and Mauritania. Lam. ill. t. 345. f. 1. Petals yellow, but of copper brick-colour at the base. Root thick, fleshy, striking deep into the ground. — Besl. eys. cest. 10. t. 1. f. 1.— Park, theatr. 1024. 5. icon. 1023. 5. Common Bean-caper. Fl. July, Sept. PI. 1 to 4 feet. 5 Z. FOS'TIDUM (Schrad. et Wendl. sert. han. p. 17. t. 19.) leaves stalked ; leaflets obovate ; flowers nodding ; calyx downy ; petals reflexed, cut. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals orange-yellow, each with a purple spot at the base. Far. ft, insuave (Curt. bot. mag. t. 372.) petals oblong, with a heart-shaped, brown spot at the base of each ; fruit bearino- pedicels deflexed ; petioles with a bristle at the apex. ^ • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Fetid Bean-caper. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1790: Shrub 4 ft. 6 Z. DECU'MBENS (Delil. fl. egyp. 77. t. 27. f. 3.) leaves stalked ; leaflets oblong-obovate, fleshy, flat ; pedicels erect ; capsules turbinately-spherical, umbilicate at the apex. If. . G. Native of Egypt. Stem decumbent. Flowers yellow. Floriferous branches dichotomous. Decumbent Bean-caper. PI. prostrate. 7 Z. MACULA'TUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 60.) leaves stalked ; leaflets linear-lanceolate, Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals yellow, marked with a red cordate spot at the base of each, above which in the 3 upper ones is a transverse red line. Spotted-petalled Bean-caper. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1782. Shrub 3 feet. 8 Z. MICROPHY'LLUM (Thunb. prod. 80.) leaves almost sessile; leaflets ovate, smooth, minute, obcordate ; capsules of 5 com- pressed lobes, retusely emarginate. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Peduncles capillary. Flowers small, yellow. Petals entire. Small-leaved Bean-caper. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 9 Z. MORGSA'NA (Lin. spec. 551.) leaves on short stalks ; leaflets obovate ; petiole ending in a spiny bristle ; capsules somewhat inflated, 4-5-winged. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. 7. t. 3. f. 2.— Dill. elth. t. 116. f. 141. Flowers nodding, yellow, each petal having a purple spot at the base. The plant is called Morgsani in Syria. Morgsana Bean-caper. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1732. Shrub 2 to 6 feet. 10 Z. DE'BILE (Nees in Schlecht. Linnsea. 5. p. 46.) leaves slender, stalked ; leaflets elliptic, acuminated. Ij . G. Native of Canga and Groenberg, at the Cape of Good Hope. Stems numerous from the root, weak, tetragonal. Stipulas triangular. Flowers yellow, with dark claws. Weak Bean-caper. Shrub decumbent. 11 Z. HO'RBIDUM (Nees in Schlecht. Linnaea. 5. p. 46.) smooth, erect ; stem strong, round, sometimes with the branches spinescent ; petioles dilated ; leaflets coriaceous, fleshy. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Peduncles filiform. Stipu- las triangular, acute, and white at the apex. Flowers yellow, with dark claws. Horrid Bean- caper. Shrub 2 to 6 feet. 12 Z. PARVIFOLIUM ; stems woody, round; leaves stalked, fleshy ; leaflets narrow, elliptical ; Stipulas membranous, shining, white ; peduncles shorter than the leaves. T; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on the banks of the Orange river. Z. micro- phyllum, Nees in Schlecht. Linnaea. 5. p. 46. Flowers yellow. Small-leaved Bean-caper. Shrub 2 to 6 feet. 13 Z. LICHTENSTEINIA'NUM (Nees in Schlecht. Linnaea. 5. p. 47.) leaves coriaceous, stalked ; leaflets oblique, arched on the outside, and cut on the inside, rounded at the top. T? . G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers solitary, yellow. Lichtenstein's Bean-caper. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 14 Z. DICHO'TOMUM (Nees in Schlecht. Linnasa. 5. p. 48.) branches many times dichotomous ; leaves few, minute, on short stalks, coriaceous ; leaflets obliquely-obcordate. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, at the Orange river. A tall tree. Dichotomous-branched. Bean-caper. Tree. 15 Z. FU'LVUM (Lin. spec. ed. 1st. p. 386.) leaves sessile ; leaflets obovate, flat, smooth ; capsule acutely 5-angled. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow, with a large dark spot at the base of each petal. 5 F 2 \ 772 ZYGOPHYLLE^E. VI. ZYGOPHYILUM. VII. GUAIACUM. /Wtioiw-flowered Bean-caper. Slirub 3 feet. 16 Z. RETROFKA'CTUM (Thunb. prod. 80.) leaves stalked ; leaflets obovate, smooth ; pedicels shorter than the leaves ; ovary deeply 5-lobed. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Branches spreading, recurved. Flowers very small. This species comes nearest to Z. microphyllum. Retrograde-branched. Bean-caper. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 17 Z. SESSILIFOLUJM (Lin. spec. 552.) leaves almost sessile; leaflets lanceolate-oval ; petioles ending in a spiny bristle ; cap- sules globose, depressed, wingless. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2184. — Dill. hort. elth. t. 116. f. 142. — Burm. afr. 4. t. 2. f. 1. Petals sulphur or orange- coloured, with a brown spot at the base of each, crenate at the tip. In some specimens the branches are much angled, in others round, therefore there are probably two species confused. Sessile-leaved Bean-caper. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1713. Shrub 3 feet. 18 Z. SPINOSUM (Lin. mant. 380.) leaves almost sessile ; leaf- lets linear, fleshy, flattish ; petioles ending in a spiny bristle. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — Burm. afr. 5. t. 2. f. 2. exhibits spines along the branches, but in the specimens we have seen the only spines are those terminating the petioles. Flowers nodding, yellow. Spiny -stipuled Bean-caper. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2 feet. 19 Z. CAPE'NSE (Lam. diet. 2. p. 443.) leaves sessile; leaflets obovate-roundish, fleshy. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers red. Cape Bean-caper. Shrub 2 feet. 20 Z. ^E'STUANS (Lin. spec. 552.) leaves almost sessile ; leaflets obovate, retuse ; petioles ending in a little bristle ; sti- pulas 5 at each joint, sometimes twin, sometimes solitary. I/ . S. Native of Surinam. Flowers and fruit unknown. Stinging Bean-caper. PI. 1 foot. * Leaves bifoliate ; leaflets terete. 21 Z. COCCI'NEUM (Lin. spec. 551.) leaves stalked; leaflets cylindrical, fleshy, smooth ; pedicels erect ; petals acuminated ; capsules cylindrical. Tj. G. Native of Mauritania, in dry deserts; also of Egypt. — Shaw. afr. f. 231. Z. desertorum, Forsk. descr. 87. icon. t. 11. Flowers scarlet. All kinds of cattle, and even camels, refuse to eat this plant. Scarlet-SowereA Bean-caper. Clt. 1823. Shrub 1 foot. 22 Z. A'LBUM (Lin. fil. dec. 1. t. 8.) leaves stalked ; leaflets cy- lindrical, club-shaped, fleshy, cobwebbed ; pedicels erect ; petals blunt ; capsules cylindrically-pentagonal. Tj . G. Native of Egypt, Barbary, and the Canary Islands. D. C. pi. grass, t. 154. Z. proliferum, Forsk. descr. 87. icon. t. 12. A. Stem procum- bent. Petals white, crenate. fFtoe-flowered Bean-caper. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1779. Shrub trailing. » * * * Leaves bifoliate ; leaflets scabrous. 23 Z. PROSTRA'TUM (Thunb. prod. app. 189.) leaflets scabrous; stem decumbent ; joints hairy. % . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow ? Prostrate Bean-caper. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. PL pros- trate. 24 Z. TRIDENTA'TUM(MOC. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1 . p. 706.) leaves almost sessile ; leaflets obovate, villous ; petals and scales of stamens 3-toothed at the apex. Tj . G. Native of Mexico. Petals yellow. Filaments purple. Fruit very hairy, and perhaps 5-seeded. Three-tootlied-petelled Bean-caper. Shrub. * * Leaves pinnate. 25 Z. PINNA' TUM (Nees in Schlecht. Linnaea. 5. p. 48.) smooth ; leaves pinnate, with 4-5 pairs of leaflets on a narrow- winged rachis, obliquely-lanceolate ; stipulas small, triangular, with white jagged margins ; flowers large, solitary or twin, on short pedicels. T? . S. Native of Asia ? Pinnate-leaved Bean-caper. Shrub. 26 Z. MINIA'TUM (Nees in Schlecht. Linnaea. 5. p. 49.) like the preceding, but differs in the leaflets being 1-2 pairs, and in the leaflets being obovate and obtuse, as well as in the stipulas being larger and obtuse. Jj . G. Native of Asia, towards Bok- hara on low hills, near Agetma. Vermilion Bean-caper. Shrub. 27 Z. PORTULACOIDES (Nees in Schlecht. Linnaea. 5. p. 50.) leaves pinnate, with 1-2 pairs of leaflets ; flowers solitary at the wings of the bud ; leaflets oblique, obovate, obtuse, and rather emarginate ; stipulas large, semicircular ; flowers apetalous ; filaments with fringed scales, adnate to their base ; peduncles longer than the petioles, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Portulaca-like Bean-caper. Shrub. •f An anomalous 3-leaced species, which probably should be removed from the genus. 28 Z. ? LANATUM (Willd. spec. 2. p. 564.) leaves trifoliate ; leaflets papillose beneath ; stem flexuous, with woolly joints. I/ . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Filaments a little dilated at the base. Styles 5. Capsules opening at the base, 5-celled, 5- seeded. Therefore this plant is perhaps a proper genus. Woolly Bean-caper. PI. ? Cult. Zygophyllum is a genus of herbaceous plants and shrubs, bearing very pretty flowers. The greenhouse, stove, and frame species will thrive in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and cuttings of the perennial and shrubby kinds will root freely in a pot of sand under a hand-glass, but as a few of them ripen their seeds this will be unnecessary. The annual species should be sown in pots in the same kind of soil, and placed in a hot-bed, where they ifiay remain until they have seeded, or they may be removed to the greenhouse. Z. Fabago is the only hardy herbaceous kind ; it will grow well in any light soil, in a dry situation, otherwise it is apt to rot ; it is only to be increased by seeds, which sometimes ripen in this country ; these require to be sown in a pot, and placed in a frame, and when the plants are about 4 inches high, they may be planted out in the open border in a warm, dry, sheltered situation. VII. GUAI'ACUM (Guaiac is the South American name of the tree). Plum. gen. t. 17. Lin. gen. no. 518. D. C. prod. 1. p. 706. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 456. t. 15. no. 5. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 5-parted into unequal segments. Petals 5, unguiculate. Stamens 10 ; filaments naked. Ovary tapering into a stipe at the base, 2-5-angled, 2-5-celled. Style 1, short, with an acute stigma. Capsule on a very short stipe, rather fleshy, 2-5-angled, 2-5- celled, containing only one seed in each cell from abortion, ovoid, smooth, fixed to the axis, pendulous. Albumen cartilaginous, chinky. Embryo almost straight, with thickish cotyledons. — Trees with very hard wood. Leaves abruptly-pinnate, with twin stipulas at their base. Peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered. Flowers usually blue. 1 G. DUVBIUM (Forst. prod. no. 186.) leaves with one pair of oblong-lanceolate blunt leaflets. Tj . S. Native of the island of Tongatabu, in the South Seas. ZYGOPHYLLE.E. VII. GUAIACUM. VIII. PORLIERIA. IX. CHITONIA. 773 Doubtful Lignurfi-vitae. Tree. 2 G. OFFICINA'LE (Lin. spec. 546.) leaves with 2 pairs of ob- ovate or oval, blunt leaflets ; peduncles twin ; fruit 2-celled. I? . S. Native of Jamaica and St. Domingo, in low lands. Woodv. med. bot. 43. t. 16.— Pluk. aim. 180. t. 35. f. 3.— Sloan, jam. 2. p. 133. t. 222. f. 3-6. — Seb. thes. 1. p. 86. t. 53. f. 2 — Blackw. t. 350. f. 1-2. Lam. ill. t. 342. Flowers blue. Capsules often 2-angled. A tree about 30 feet high, and near a foot in the diameter of its trunk, with a very smooth bark, varie- gated with green and white ; the wood hard and ponderous, dark olive-brown within, whitish towards the bark, having a peculiar acid aromatic scent, and well known in England by the name of Brazil-wood or Lignum-mlae. The wood and bark were celebrated remedies for syphilitic complaints before mer- cury came into use. The wood was first used in Spain in 1508 for the cure of syphilis, under the title of Santo-Legno. In 1517 in Italy, and 1518 in Germany. It is found in the shops only in a state of raspings or shavings, which are of a yellowish colour, but acquire a bluish-green colour on exposure to the fumes of nitrous acid, which is a characteristic of their being genuine. Its taste is bitterish, and when kindled it gives out a bitterish smell. As guaiac is used only in decoction, its virtue* must depend upon principles soluble in water. The resin exudes spontaneously in drops, but is principally obtained by sawing the wood into short billets, and bored longitudinally with an auger, one end is then set on a fire, so that a calabash may receive the melted resin as it runs through the holes so bored. It may also be obtained by boiling the chips or raspings in water. The resin swims, and may be skimmed off. This resin is soluble in a moderate heat, but is not softened by the heat of the fingers ; it is brownish externally, and the fracture bluish-green, when swallowed causing an insufferable burning and pricking in the throat. It is sometimes adulterated with common resin, but the fraud is easily detected by the smell of turpentine emitted when thrown on live coals. Guaiac taken internally commonly excites a sense of warmth in the stomach, a dryness of the mouth, with thirst ; it increases the heat of the body, and quickens the cir- culation. If the patient be kept warm, it produces diaphoresis ; if exposed freely to the air, an increased flow of urine. In large doses it is purgative. Officinal or Common Lignum-vitae, or Guaiacum. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1694. Tree SO feet. 3 G. BRE'YNII (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 322.) leaves with 2 or 3 pairs of unequal leaflets, extreme ones oblong-elliptical, unequal- sided, middle pair obovate, lower ones roundish ; peduncles um- bellate. Tj . S. Native of South America, at the river Magda- lena. Flowers blue. Breynius's Lignum-vitae. Tree 20 feet. 4 G. VERTICA LE (Ort. dec. 8. p. 93.) leaves with 3 or 6 pairs, but usually 5 pairs of oblong, coriaceous, mucronate leaflets, outer ones obovate, and are, as well as the branches, very smooth. T; . S. Native of New Spain and St. Domingo. Pedicels usually twin. Flowers blue, with vertical petals. FerticaZ-petalled Lignum-vitae. Clt. 1820. Shrub 8 feet. 5 G. SA NCTUM (Lin. spec. 546.) leaves with 5 or 7 pairs of oval, blunt, mucronulated leaflets : petioles and branchlets some- what pubescent ; pedicels twin ; petals fringed ; capsule 5-celled. T; . S. Native of South America, particularly in the island of St. Domingo, New Spain, and Brazil. — Comm. hort. amst. 1. p. 171. t. 88.— Hern. mex. 63. — Pluk. phyt. t. 94. f. 4. A middle-sized knotty tree, whose wood, according to Hernandez, is internally blue. Flowers beautiful blue. It is called in some of the West India Islands Bastard Lignum-vittz. The wood of this species was first introduced as a cure for the venereal disease by the Spaniards, and being carried to the East Indies fetched there an extravagant price, till it became more plentiful. Holy Lignum-vitae. Tree 20 feet. 6 G. ARBOREUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 707.) leaves with 7-14 pairs of oval-oblong, blunt leaflets, which are unequal at the base, and are usually alternate ; petioles and branchlets somewhat pu- bescent. Tj . S. Native of Carthagena, Guadeloupe, and near Barcelona of Cumana, in woods. H. B.et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 11. Zygophyllum arboreum, Jacq. amer. 130. t. 83. pict. 35. t. 124. Racemes loose. Petals unguiculate, orange-co- loured. Stamens with short appendages at their base. Capsules stipitate, 5-winged. This is a large tree, terminating in a beau- tiful head, with very hard wood, and is called by the natives of Cumana Guaiacum, but they give this name to all hard woods. They have a notion that if it be buried in the ground it will be converted into stone. Tree Lignum-vitae. Fl. July. Clt. 1816. Tree 40 feet. Cull. These trees will grow well in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings taken off at a joint will strike root, if planted thinly in a pot of sand, under a hand-glass in heat, but care should be taken when these have rooted not to break the fibres in potting them off, as they are truly brittle. VIII. PORLIE'RIA (in honour of Anthony de Porlier de Baxamar, a Spanish promoter of botany). Ruiz et Pav. prod, fl. per. p. 55. t. 9. D. C. prod. 1. p. 707. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 457. t. 16. no. 6. LIN. SYST. Octandria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 4-parted. Petals 4, somewhat unguiculate, connivent. Stamens 8 ; fila- ments scaly at the base. Ovary seated on a short gynophore, 4-furrowed, 4-celled. Fruit fleshy, globose, 4-lobed, 4-celled, nevertheless they are of 4 distinct carpels, with a solitary seed in each cell, which is egg-shaped, smooth, and pendulous. Em- bryo rather arched. — A shrub with spreading stiff branches and abruptly pinnate leaves, with twin spiny stipulas at their base. Peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered in fascicles. An intermediate genus between Guaiacum and Larrea. 1 P. HYGROME'TRICA (Ruiz et Pav. syst. fl. per. p. 94.). Tj . G. Native of Peru. Leaves with 7 or 8 pairs of linear leaflets, these remain spread open in serene weather, but con- tract before rain. This shrub possesses the same virtues as those attributed to Guaiacum, which see. Hygrometric Porlieria. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. This shrub will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and ripened cuttings will strike root if planted thinly in a pot of sand and placed under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat. § 2. Zygophyllece spurice. D. C. prod. 1. p. 707. Andr. Juss. mem. mus. 12. p. 458. Leaves alternate. IX. CHITO'NIA (from -^iriav, chiton, an outer covering ; the seeds are covered with aril). Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. icon. D. C. prod. 1. p. 707. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 518. LIN. SYST. Oct&ndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, deci- duous. Petals 4, connivent, orbicular. Stamens 8. Ovary quadrangular. Style 1 . Stigma peltate, hemispherical. Cap- sule 4-celled, 4-valved ; valves keeled, winged, therefore the capsule is 4-winged. Seeds 2 in each cell, truncate at the apex, enclosed in fleshy aril. — Leaves alternate, and probably stipu- laceous, impari-pinnate, with 6 pairs of ovate, stalked leaflets. Pedicels twin, 1 -flowered. 1 C. MEXICA'NA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 707.). +1 . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers large, of a rose-purple colour. Seeds black, covered with red aril. Mexican Chitonia. Tree or shrub. Cult. This plant will probably grow well in a mixture of \ 774 ZYGOPHYLLE^E. X. BIEBERSTEINIA. XI. TRICHANTHERA. XII. ANATROPA. XIII. MELIANTHUS. XIV. BALAKITES. loam and peat ; and ripened cuttings, planted under a hand- glass, will perhaps root. The above method may be tried if ever the plant be introduced. X. BIEBERSTE'INIA (in honour of Frederic Marschall Bieberstein, counsellor of state of Russia, author of Flora Tau- rico-Caucasica, and other works). Stephi mem. nat. mosc. 1 . p. 89. D. C. prod. 1. p. 707. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 458. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx deeply 5-parted, irregular. Petals 5, twisted in the bud, unguiculate. Sta- mens 10, hypogynous ; filaments awl-shaped, rather villous, the 5 shortest opposite the petals, the alternate ones with a scale at the base of each on the outside ; anther oscillatory. Ovaries 5, distinct at the apex, but connate at the base. Styles 5, simple, rising from the middle of the ovaries. Carpels 1 -seeded, arillate inside. — Perennial herbs beset with glandular hairs. Leaves impari-pinnate, with .cut leaflets. Stipulas adhering to the petioles. Racemes terminal, simple. 1 B. ODORA (Steph. 1. c.) leaflets roundish, deeply toothed ; petals entire. If. . F. Native of the Altaian mountains at the falls of Tschuia. Flowers probably yellow. Sweet-scented Biebersteinia. PI. ? 2 B. MULTIFIDA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 708.) leaflets multifid into linear lobes ; petals toothed. If. . F. Native of Persia. Multrfid-\eaved Biebersteinia. PI. ? Cult. These plants should be kept in pots in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and they may be increased by seeds. XI. TRICHANTHE'RA (from rpi£ Tpi^oe, trix trichos, a hair, and avOrjpa, anthera, an anther ; in allusion to the anthers being bristly). Ehrenberg, in Schlecht. Linnsea. 4. p. 401. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, linear, hypogynous. Stamens 5, free ; filaments flat ; anthers setaceous. Disk glandless. Styles numerous, crowned by simple capitate stigmas. Capsule ovate, stipitate, bluntly penta- gonal, 5-celled, 5-valved, many-seeded. Seeds naked, albu- minous. 1 T. MODE'STA (Ehrenb. 1. c. p. 402.). %. or Q. F. Na- tive of Arabia near Djedda towards Mecca. A slender herb, 2 or 3 inches high. Leaves alternate, stipulate, setaceously linear, toothed at the apex. Flowers on long jointed peduncles, nod- ding. Petals twisted in the bud. Modest Trichanthera. PI. 2 to 3 inches. Cult. A mixture of peat and sand will perhaps answer this little plant ; and it may be increased by seeds or cuttings planted in mould under a hand-glass. XII. ANATRO'PA (ava, ana, upwards, and rpon-jj, trope, turning ; spike turned like that of Heliotropium). Ehrenberg, in Schlecht. Linnaea. 4. p. 403. LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-cleft, valvate in the bud. Petals 4, hypogynous, imbricate in the bud. Sta- mens 4, free. Style short, clavate, crowned by a simple stigma. Capsule fleshy, bluntly quadrangular, depressed, 4-valved, 4- celled ; cells 4-5-seeded. 1 A. TENE'LLA (Ehrenb. in Schlecht. Linnsea. 4. p. 404.). I/ . F. Native of Arabia. A slender, fleshy, smooth plant ; lower leaves entire, upper ones alternate and pinnatifid, auricled with stipulas. Flowers disposed in a spike, turned like that of Heliotropium. Tender Anatropa. PI. 4 inches, ascending. Cult. See Trichanthera for cultivation and propagation. XIII. MELIA'NTHUS (from fie\t, meli, honey, and a»eoc, anthos, a flower ; flowers full of honey). Tourn. inst. t. 245. Lin. gen. no. 795. D. C. prod. 1. p. 708. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 459. t. 28. no. 48. LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx coloured, large, 5-cleft, permanent, unequal, lower segment smaller than the rest, bulged at the base on the outside, with a corresponding hollow inside, full of honey fluid. Petals 5, strap-formed, 4 lower ones declined, connected in the middle, the fifth very small. Stamens 4, hypogynous, with the two upper filaments distinct, but the two lower ones are joined together at the base. Ovary with 4 stripes. Style 1, terminated by a somewhat 4- cleft stigma. Capsule membranaceous, 4-lobed, 4-celled, winged, opening by the inner angle, each cell containing 2 ovulse, but only one of them comes to maturity. Seed ovate, shining. Al- bumen fleshy. Embryo with small linear cotyledons longer than the radicle. — Shrubs with glandless, impari-pinnate leaves, with toothed leaflets, and distinct or joined stipulas. Racemes many-flowered, spike-formed. Leaves having a strong unplea- sant scent when bruised. 1 M. MA'JOR (Lin. spec. 892.) leaves smooth on both surfaces, glaucous ; stipulas large, joined to the petiole. T? . H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lam. ill. t. 552. Ker. bot, reg. t. 45. Leaflets large. Flowers of a brown chocolate colour. — Herm. lugd. bat. t. 415. Great Honey-flower. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1688. Sh. 6 ft. 2 M. MINOR (Lin. spec. 892. exclusive of the synonym of Comm.) leaves smooth above and hoary beneath ; stipulas dis- tinct. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Curt. bot. mag. t. 301. Racemes axillary, elongated, drooping. Bracteas linear, attenuated. Flowers of a dark-brown colour in whorls ; lower part of petals green, upper part saffron-coloured, and blush or fine red on the bulged part of the lower sepal. Leaves deep green on the upper surface, but hoary below. Smaller Honey-flower. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1696. Shrub 5 feet. 3 M. COMOSUS (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 85.) leaves villous above, downy beneath ; stipulas distinct. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Comm. rar. t. 4. Racemes leafy beneath. Bracteas cordate. Flowers alternate, in pendent clusters, of a yellowish colour. Capsules hoary. Tufted Honey-flower. Clt. 1820. Shrub 4 feet. Cult. These shrubs will thrive well in any light rich soil, and cuttings will strike root freely under a hand-glass, or they may be increased by suckers, which are thrown out in plenty from the root. The M. major will grow and flower freely if planted against a wall in a warm situation, but it requires to be sheltered in winter by a mat. XIV. BALANPTES (meaning unknown). Delil. fl. egyp. 77. B.C. prod. l.p. 708. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Pe- tals 5. Stamens 10; filaments awl-shaped. Disk glandular, girding the ovary. Ovary 5-celled, 5-seeded. Drupe egg- shaped, acute, 1 -celled, 1-seeded from abortion; nut woody, pentagonal. Seed pendulous, with a fibrous covering, and a thickened endopleura about the radicle. Radicle superior. Co- tyledons semi-ovate. Plumule 2-leaved. — Trees with alternate bifoliate leaves and axillary spines. Pedicels 1 -flowered, aggre- gate. Flowers small, whitish. 1 B. JEGYPTI'ACA (Delil. 1. c. t. 28. f. 1.). Tj . S. Native of tropical Africa, and is now cultivated in Egypt. — Agihalib, P. Alp. eeg. 20. t. 11. Ximenia ./Egyptiaca, Lin. spec. 1194. The seed of this tree is usually mixed with gum Senegal. Egyptian Balanites. Clt. ? Tree 20 feet. 2 B. FEROX (D. C. prod. 1. p. 708.) putamen more acute, narrower, and more furrowed ; leaflets roundish ; spines longer. Jj . S. Ximenia ferox, Poir. diet. 8. p. 805. Native of St. 1 ZYGOPHYLLE^;. XIV. BALANITES. RUTACE^E. 775 Domingo, where it has been most probably introduced by the negroes from Africa. Fierce Balanites. Tree 20 feet. Cult. These trees will grow in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat ; and ripened cuttings will strike root freely, if planted in a pot of sand, and placed under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat. ORDER LIX. RUTAVCE.5L (plants agreeing with Ruta in im- portant characters). Juss. gen. 296. exclusive of the first sec- tion. Brown, gen. rem. p. 13. D. C. prod. 1. p. 709. — Fraxi- nellse, Diosmeae, and Zanthoxylese, Nees et Mart. nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 149. 180. and 184. Flowers of all hermaphrodite, except in Tribe Zanthoxyleee. Calyx with 4-5, rarely 3 divisions, toothed (f. 123. a.), cleft or parted. Petals equal in number to the divisions of the calyx (f. 123. &.), and alternating with them, usually distinct (f. 123. 6.), and longer than the calyx, rarely connected into a monope- talous corolla, as in many of the genera belonging to Tribe Cus- pariece, and in the genus Corrafa, very rarely absent altogether. Stamens sometimes equal in number with the petals, and alter- nating with them; sometimes double that number (f. 123. d.), with the alternate ones shortest ; sometimes these last are abor- tive, and of a different figure to the others. Filaments inserted in the gynophore, rarely beneath the hypogynous disk, and more rarely perigynous, or adhering to the bottom of the calyx, in consequence of the disk being joined with it ; they are either naked or furnished with a scale at the base, free, very rarely connected at the base, or glued to the corolla, as in those with monopetalous flowers. Anthers 2-celled (f. 123. c.), bursting lengthwise. Ovary free, with the cells equal in number to the petals (f. 123. g.), and opposite them, rarely fewer, verticillate ; sometimes fixed around the common axis ; sometimes distinct to the base (f. 123.y.), sometimes joined together. Ovulae fixed to the central placenta, usually 2 in each cell or carpel, rarely 1 or 4- 20. Styles equal in number to the cells or carpels, usually con- nected together in one (f. 123. e.), or only connected at the base or top, rarely wholly distinct. Stigma of as many lobes or furrows as there are styles in those that are joined (f. 123. d.). Fruit sometimes simple, having as many valves (f. 123. g.) as there are styles, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve, dehis- cent, but more usually with an equal number of 2-valved, separ- able carpels (f. 123. /.), rarely indehiscent, composed of many drupes or carpels. Sarcocarp thin, or more or less fleshy. Endocarp thin or woody, closely adhering to the sarcocarp, or separable from it into a 2-valVed elastic cocculum. Seeds fewer than the ovulae from abortion, with a membranous or usually with a testaceous covering. Albumen fleshy or cartilaginously horny, rarely wanting. Embryo white or greenish, with a straight radicle pointing towards the top of the cells, rarely turned obliquely towards the hylum. Cotyledons of various forms. This is an interesting and extensive order, but rather hetero- geneous group of plants, natives of all countries and all situations. The species are either fetid northern herbaceous plants, as the Garden Rue ; or neat heath-like southern shrubs, as the Cape Diosmas; broad or long-leaved Australian shrubs, covered with stellate pubescence, as Phebalium, Crbrvea, and Corrce a ; or tropical trees, with panicles of palid flowers, as Zanthoxylums, and Cusparias. The medical properties of many genera are con- siderable. R uta and Peganum are ammenagogue, anthelmintic, and sudorific. Cape Diosmas abounds in a volatile oil, with an agreeable smell, but acrid flavour ; several of the species are reputed antispasmodics. The Zanlhoxylums are said to possess acrid, stimulating, spasmodic, and tonic qualities. Z. clava Her- culis and Z. fraxineum are said in America to be powerful sudorifics and diaphoretics. According to Barton, they possess a remarkable power of exciting salivation, not only when ap- plied to the mouth, but even when taken internally ; they have both been found powerful remedies in paralysis of the mouth. Z. caribdumis regarded in Guiana as a detersive, vulnerary, and febrifuge. Brucea is used as an astringent in dysenteries. The famous frebrifugal Angustura bark is the produce of Gulipea Cusparia. The leaves of the plants contained in this order are of various kinds ; they are opposite or alternate, simple, trifoliate, or abruptly and impari-pinnate, always without stipulas, which distinguishes it from the last and the foregoing order, Zygo- phyllete and Simarubece ; they have usually various glands, which contain oil of a very strong-scented odour. Synopsis of the Genera. TRIBE I. RU'TE*. Flowers regular. Stamens hypogynous. Ovary 3-5 lobed, 3-5 valved, 3-5 celled. Calyx of 4-5 divisions, with an equal number of petals. Albumen fleshy. Shrubs or herbs, with alternate leaves. 1 PE'GANUM. Calyx 5-parted. Stamens 15, smooth. Style crowned by a trigonal stigma. Capsule substipitate, nearly round, 3-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded. 2 RU'TA. Calyx 4-parted. Stamens 8. Styles 4, connected. Ovary substipitate. Capsule 4-lobed, 4-celled. 3 APLOPHY'LLUM. Calyx 5-parted. Stamens 10. Styles 5, connected. Capsule 5-lobed, 5-celled. 4 CYMINOSMA. Calyx 4-parted, unequal. Stamens 8. Style crowned by a 4-furrowed stigma. Berry 4-celled ; cells 1- seeded. TRIBE II. Dio'sMEa:-EuROP^EAvN^;. Flowers irregular. Stamens hypo- gynous. Disk wanting. Ovaries 5, distinct. Albumen fleshy. Petals equal in number with the divisions of the calyx. 5 DICTA'MNUS. Calyx 5-parted, unequal. Petals unequal. Stamens 10, declinate. Style 1. Capsule substipitate, com- posed of 5 2-seeded carpels. TRIBE III. DIO'SME^E-CAPE'NSES. Flowers regular. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Disk adhering to the calyx. Stamens perigynous. Anthers 5. Ovaries 1-5, connected. Albumen very thin or wanting. C) CALODE'NDRON. Stamens 10, 5 of which are sterile and petaloid, terminating in a gland. Anthers terminated by a gland. \ 776 RUTACEjE. Style deflexed. Capsule 5-valved, 5-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Leaves opposite. 7 ADENA'NDRA. Stamens 10, the 5 opposite the petals sterile, each ending in a globose or concave gland. Anthers ter- minated by a shell-like, rarely globose, pedicellate gland. Car- pels 5, 1-2-seeded. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite. 8 COLEONE'MA. Stamens 10, the 5 opposite the petals sterile, and adnate to their base, fitted into a channel, and terminating in a gland. Anthers terminated by a minute sessile gland. Capsule of 5 horned carpels. Leaves scattered. 9 DIOSMA. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals. Anthers round, terminated by a sessile gland. Style usually a little arched. Capsule of 5 horned carpels. Leaves scattered or opposite. 10 EUCH./E TIS. Stamens 5, opposite the calycine segments. Anthers terminated by a minute globose gland. Capsule of 5 horned carpels. Petals bearded inside. Leaves scattered. 11 ACMADE'NIA. Stamens 10, the 5 opposite the petals sterile or almost wanting. Anthers furnished with a conical gland at the apex. Style crowned by a 5-furrowed stigma. Capsule of 5 compressed, horned carpels. Leaves opposite. 12 BARO'SMA. Stamens 10, the 5 opposite the petals sterile, fringed, petaloid, obscurely glandular at the apex. Anthers egg- shaped, usually furnished with a minute gland at the apex. Capsule of 5 auricled carpels. Leaves opposite or scattered. 13 AGATHOSMA. Stamens 10, the 5 opposite the petals sterile, spatulate, beset with glandular dots. Anthers terminated by a globular gland. Capsule of 5 joined, horned carpels. Leaves scattered. 14 MACROSTYI.IS. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals. Anthers globose, each furnished with a minute gland at the apex. Capsule of 3 horned carpels. Leaves scattered, rarely opposite. 15 EMPLEU'RUM. Flowers monoecious or polygamous from abortion. Calyx 4-cleft. Disk and petals wanting. Stamens 4, with the anthers longer than the filaments, each terminated by an immersed gland. Carpels 1-2, legume-formed, 2-valved, 1-seeded, horned. Leaves alternate, serrulated. TRIBE IV. E. Flowers regular (f. 123. 6.). Pe- tals 4-5. Stamens hypogynous, double the number of the pe- tals (f. 123. d. c.), allfertile. Disk wanting. Ovaries distinct or connected. Styles joined, crowned by an equal number (f. 123. 6.) of stigmas. Albumen dense. Shrubs, natives of New Holland. 16 CORR«VA. Calyx 4-toothed. Petals 4, joined into a tube. Stamens 8. Ovary 8-lobed. Style 4-furrowed. Carpels 4, capsular ; cells 2-3-seeded. Leaves opposite, entire. 17 DipLOL.fi NA. Involucre double, outer one 5-lobed, inner one 10-1 5-parted, containing many flowers. Calyx 5-parted. Petals none. Stamens 10, unequal, fringed at the base. Style 5- furrowed. Fruit of 5 carpels, 1 -celled, 1-seeded. Leaves alter- nate. 18 PHEBA HUM. Calyx 5-cleft(f. 123. a.). Petals 5 (f. 123. 6.). Stamens 10 (f. 123. d. c.), unequal, smooth. Style (f. 123. e.} and stigma 5-furrowed (f. 123. d.~). Fruit of 5 capsular, 2- valved, 1-seeded carpels (f. 123. /.), girded by the calyx. Leaves alternate, simple, entire. 19 PHILOTHE'CA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, unguiculate. Stamens 10, unequal, connate at the base, with the tube smooth, and the free part of the filaments hairy. Fruit of 5 1-seeded carpels. Leaves alternate, linear. 20 CROWEA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, sessile. Stamens 10, unequal, fringed, lying close together. Anthers ending in a bearded appendage. Fruit of 5 1-seeded carpels. Leaves alter- nate, entire. 21 ERIOSTE'MON. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, marcescent. Stamens 10, unequal, free, fringed,, tapering into a thread which bears the anthers. Fruit of 5, rarely 1-2 carpels. Leaves entire, alternate. 22 BORONIA. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4, marcescent. Sta- mens 8, unequal, free. Anthers seated on the short threads which terminate the filaments. Fruit of 4 2-valved carpels. Leaves simple or impari-pinnate. 23 ZIE'RIA. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. Stamens 4, rarely 8, smooth, with a gland on the inside of each. Capsule 4-lobed, 4-celled, 4-seeded. Leaves trifoliate, seldom simple. TRIBE V. DIOSMES-AMERICA'N^:. Flowers regular. Petals free. Sta- mens twice the number of the ovaries. Disk surrounding the ovaries, or wanting. Styles connected, crowned by as many lobes as there are cells or carpels, sflbumen fleshy, rarely wanting. Trees or shrubs, with opposite, alternate, simple, bifoliate, and trifoliate leaves. Flowers axillary or terminal, panicled, race- mose or corymbose. 24 MELI'COPE. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4, unguiculate, ap- proximate. Stamens 8. Ovaries 4, surrounded by 4 large, didymous glands. Leaves opposite, ternate. 25 EVODIA. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. Stamens 4. Ovaries 4, surrounded by a cup-shaped, 4-lobed disk. Fruit of 4, rarely fewer, 2-valved, 1 -seeded carpels. Leaves opposite, simple, and trifoliate. 26 ESENBE'CKIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 5. Ovary sessile, tubercled, 5-lobed, 5-celled, surrounded by a 5- lobed disk ? Leaves alternate, simple, and trifoliate. 27 METRODOREA. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5. Stamens 5. Ovary buried in the disk, and confused with its substance, tu- bercled, 5-lobed, 5-celled. Cells 1-2-seeded. Leaves oppo- site, simple, rarely bi-foliate. 28 PILOCA'RPUS. Calyx small, 5-toothed. Petals 5. Sta- mens 5. Fruit of 5 or fewer small, 1-seeded carpels, immersed in the base of the gynophore. Leaves alternate and opposite, simple, bifoliate, and trifoliate. 29 HORTIA. Calyx bluntly 5-toothed. Petals 5, bearded inside. Stamens 5. Ovary smooth, pentagonal, 5-celled, seated on the disk. Capsule 2-4-5-celled ; cells 1-2-seeded. Leaves alternate, simple. 30 CIIOI'SYA. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5. Stamens 10, RUTACE^E. 777 unequal. Ovaries 5, connected, inserted in the disk, each con- taining 2 ovulae. Leaves opposite, ternate. TRIBE VI. CUSPARIE'^E. Flowers regular or anomalous. Petals 5, free, but usually joined into a bilabiate, campanulate, or funnel-shaped corolla. In the polypetalous flowers the stamens are free. In the monopetalous ones they adhere to the tube of the corolla. Fila- ments sometimes all fertile, sometimes 2 or 3 of them are sterile. Disk urceolate, girding the ovaries. Ovaries equal in number with the petals, distinct, rarely connected, each containing 2 ovul>, phyllon, a leaf; leaves simple, not compound, as in Rue). Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 464. t. 17. no 10. — Ruta, sects. 3 and 4. D. C. prod. 1. p. 711. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx short, 5-parted, falling off late. Petals 5, unguiculate, flat, entire. Stamens 10, the 5 shortest opposite the petals ; filaments dilated at the base and villous on the inside ; anthers each furnished with a minute gland at the point. Ovary 5-lobed, surrounded by a nectariferous ring. Styles 5, constantly joined in one, dilated from the base to the apex, and terminated by a capitate papil- lose, 5-furrowed stigma. Capsules 5-celled, 5 -furrowed, open- ing inwardly at the apex. Seeds reniform, scrobiculate, or tu- berculate, fixed to the inner angle of the cells. Albumen fleshy. Embryo arched, with a long radicle. — Perennial herbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves simple, seldom ternate, glaucous. Flowers corymbose, yellow, rarely white. This genus has the strong disagreeable smell of rue, as well as possessing the same medical qualities, but in a lesser degree. § 1. Trifblia, D. C. prod. 1. p. 711. Leaves 3, together, approximate, quite entire, lower and uppermost ones solitary, un- divided. 1 A. PATAVINUM ; middle leaves 3 together, linear, tapering to the base, quite entire ; corymbs crowded ; calyxes villous ; petals entire. I/ . H. Native of the mountain Saxo-Nigro, at Arqua, near Padua. Ruta Patavlna, Lin. gen. 549. — Michel, gen. t. 19. Leaves furnished with a tooth or lobe at the base. Flowers yellow, with a green central rib. Padua Aplophyllum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 ft. 2 A. UICHOTOMUM ; middle leaves 3 together, linear, tapering to the base, quite entire ; corymbs loosely panicled, dichotomous ; calyxes a little fringed. Tf.. F. Native of Persia. Ruta di- chotoma, D. C. prod. 1. p. 711. Flowers yellow. Stamens much dilated at the base. Dichotomous Aplophyllum. PI. 1 foot. 3 A. PUBE'SCENS ; leaves nearly all 3 together, lanceolate, pubescent, entire, lateral ones very short ; corymbs many- flowered ; calyxes and ovaries villous. I/. H. Native of Spain, near Aranjuez. R. pubescens, Willd. enum. 446. R. Patavina, Poir. diet. 6. p. 335. Lam. ill. t. 345. f. 2. Flowers yellow. Filaments a little fringed at the base, hardly dilated. Pubescent Aplophyllum. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. PL 1 ft. ^ 2. Integrifolia. Leaves undivided, entire, solitary. 4 A. CORDA'TVJM ; leaves entire, cordate, stem-clasping ; co- rymbs many-flowered ; petals oval-oblong, quite entire ; fila- ments smooth. 1J. . F. Native of Nipaul in Gosainsthan. Ruta cordata, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 206. Root thick, tuberous. Stem simple. Flowers small, yellow. Cordate- leaved Aplophyllum. PI. 1 foot. 5 A. FUUTICULOSUM ; leaves entire, ovate-lanceolate, bluntish, and are as well as the calyxes villous ; corymbs few-flowered ; petals oblong ; filaments and calyxes ciliated at the base ; ovaries smooth. T? . 11 . F. Native about Damascus. R. fruticulosa, Labil. syr. 1. p. 13. t. 4.— Buxb. cent. 2. p. 30. t. 28. f. 1. Flowers yellowish. Shrubby Aplophyllum. PI. 1 foot. 6 A. TUBERCULA'TUM (Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 528. t. 17. no, 10.) leaves entire, pilose, under surface as well as stems and capsules tuberculated ; capsules rather pilose ; cells 2-sccded. ^ . F. Native of Egypt and Nubia. Ruta tuber- culata, Forsk. descr. 86. Flowers small, yellow. Corymbs dichotomous. Petals oblong. Var. a, Forskahlii (D. C. prod. 1. p. 711.) leaves linear-lan- ceolate. Var. ft, Montbretii (D. C. prod. 1. p. 711.) leaves obovately cuneated. Tubercled Aplophyllum. PI. 1 foot. 7 A. GLA'BRUM; leaves entire, oblong-linear, glandular beneath as well as the stems, smooth on both surfaces as well as the stems, calyxes, and capsules ; petals oblong-linear. 3£. F. Native between Mosul and Bagdad. Ruta glabra, D. C. prod. 1. p. 711. Corymbs dichotomous. Flowers yellowish. Fila- ments fringed. Smooth Aplophyllum. PI. 1 foot. 8 A. VILLOSUM ; leaves entire, lower ones oblong, the rest linear, and are as well as the stems pubescent ; calyxes and ovaries hairy ; petals oblong. If,. H. Native of Caucasus and Iberia, in fields exposed to the sun. Ruta villosa, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 310. R. parviflora, Desf. cor. Tourn. t. 54. — Buxb. cent. 2. t. 28. f. 2. Flowers small, yellowish, racemose. Villous Aplophyllum. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 ft. 9 A. LINIFOLIUM ; leaves entire, oblong-lanceolate, tapering to the base, and are as well as the stems, smoothish ; calyxes very short, a little ciliated ; ovaries villous ; petals ovate. If. H. Native of Spain near Valentia, Cyprus, and various parts of Greece. Ruta linifolia, Lin. spec. 549. Andr. bot. rep. t. 565. Smith, fl. graec. 370. — Bocc. mus. t. 73. f. 3. Flowers yellow, corymbose. Flax-leaved Aplophyllum. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1752. PI. 1 ft. 10 A. SUAVE'OLENS ; leaves entire, spatulately-lanceolate, glaucous, smoothish ; calyxes a little fringed ; ovaries quite smooth ; petals ovate. Jj . H. Native of Tauria and Bess- arabia, in exposed places. Ruta suaveolens, D. C. prod. 1. p. 711. Ruta linifolia, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 309. Ruta linifoiia, var. grandiflora, Sims, bot. mag. t. 2254. Flowers yellow, co- rymbose, having the smell of those of Primula officinfdis. Var. ft, congesta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 711.) flowers few, but crowded. 3/.H. Native on Mount Olympus. Flowers having the scent of those of the lemon. Smeet-scented Aplophyllum. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub 2 feet. 11 A. BUXBAU'MII ; leaves entire, lanceolate, tapering into the petiole, somewhat puberulous ; branches of panicle dicho- tomously corymbose, divaricating, compressed at the forks ; filaments fringed at the base. Ij. . F. Native of Thrace, near Rodosto in fields, as well as of Troy and of Syria. Ruta Bi;x- baumii, D. C. prod. 1. p. 711 — Buxb. cent. 2. t. 28. f. 2. Flowers yellowish. Petals oblong. Ovary smoothish. Buxbaum's Aplophyllum. PI. 1 foot. 12 A. ACUTIFOLIUM ; leaves entire, oblong, on very short stalks, acute at both ends, and are, as well as the stems, smooth ; lower ones opposite ; panicle corymbose, dichotomous ; calyxes very acute, a little fringed ; capsules smooth. If. . F. Native of Persia, between Kermancha and Amadan. Ruta acutifolia, D. C. prod. 1. p. 711. Flowers yellowish. Acute-leaved Aplophyllum. PI. 1 foot. ISA. LINEA^RE ; leaves entire, linear, smooth, dotted beneath ; corymbs few-flowered, dichotomous ; petals linear-oblong ; capsules smooth, 3-lobed. I/. H. Native of the south of Siberia. Ruta linearis, D. C. prod. 1. p. 712. Flowers yel- lowish. .Linear-leaved Aplophyllum. PI. 1 foot. 14 A. THESIOIDES ; leaves entire, linear-lanceolate, smooth ; stems puberulous towards the top ; corymbs crowded ; sepals roundish ; filaments dilated at the base and hairy inside, y.. H. Native of the eastern shore of the Caspian sea. Rutathesicides, RUTACE^E. III. APLOPHYLLUM. IV. CYMINOSHA. V. DICTAMNUS. 781 Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 712. Flowers yellowish. Very like A. Dahuricum. Thes'mm-like Aplophyllum. PI. i foot. 15 A. DAHU'RICUM; leaves entire, linear-lanceolate, and are as well as the calyxes smooth ; corymbs few-flowered ; sepals and stamens a little fringed at the base ; ovaries smooth ; petals oblong. 11 • H. Native of Dahuria, in exposed fields. Ruta Dahurica, D. C. prod. 1. p. 712. Peganum Dahuricum /3, Lin. spec. 638.— Ruta, Gmel. sib. 4. t. 68. f. 2. — Amm. ruth. no. 92. Petals pale-yellow, sometimes 6 in number. Stamens double the number of the petals, not triple that number, as in Peganum. Root fusiform, with many simple stems rising from the neck. There is a variety of this plant with white flowers, mentioned in Amm. ruth. no. 91. Dahurian Aplophyllum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 ft. 16 A. ROSMARINIFOLIUM (Pers. ench. 1. p. 465.) leaves linear, dotted beneath ; stem very much branched ; root fusiform. Tf.. F. Native of Spain, according to the herbarium of Jussieu. Flowers yellowish. Rosemary-leaved Aplophyllum. PI. 1 foot. Cult. These plants will grow in any light rich soil, but in a poor dry light soil they will endure our winter better. Cuttings planted under a hand-glass will root readily, and many of them may be increased by dividing the plants at the root, but by seeds is the best and surest method ; these are sure to ripen in abund- ance if the summer proves favourable. Genus allied to Rutece. IV. CYMINO'SMA (from Kvptvov, kyminon, cumin-seed, and oafiii, osme, smell ; fruit smelling like cumin-seed). Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 280. D. C. prod. 1. p. 722. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 465. t. 17. no. 11. — Jambolifera, Lin. gen. no. 479. but not of Houtt. nor Gaert. and excluding the synonym of Rumphius. LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 orbicular sepals or deeply divided into 4 orbicular segments, 2 of which are rather smaller than the rest. Petals 4, narrow, lanceolate, revolute at the apex. Stamens 8, the 4 shortest are opposite the petals ; filaments flat, awl-shaped, pilose at the base ; anthers ovate, versatile. Ovary seated on a fleshy, octangular disk. Style 1, erect, smooth, terminated by a 4-furrowed stigma. Berry 4-celled ; loculainents papery inside, 1 -seeded. Embryo with a short radicle and elliptical cotyledons. — Trees with large, opposite, entire leaves, having the smell of the fruit. Flowers corymbose, white. Fruit smelling like cumin-seed. The species are insufficiently known. 1 C. PEBUNCULA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 722.) leaves elliptical- lanceolate, obtuse ; petals linear-lanceolate, thrice as long as the calyx. fy . S. Native of Ceylon. Jambolifera, Lin. fl. zeyl. 58. exclusive of the synonymes. Jambolifera pedunculata, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 52. t. 61. Dryan. 1. c. Perin-panel, Rheed. mal. 5. t. 15. ? Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 281. in a note. Corymbs trichotomous. Flowers white. The berries are called jambol ; they are black and juicy, of a sweetish acid taste, esculent. Stalked-fruited Cyminosma. Clt. 1800. Tree 20 feet. 2 C. CHINE'NSIS (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 216.) leaves ovate, emarginate ; petals lanceolate, thrice as long as the calyx. ^ . G. Native of the south of China. Jambolifera pedunculata, Lour, coch. p. 230. Corymbs racemose. Flowers white. Fruit ovate- oblong, almost cylindric, 1 -seeded, blunt, black, juicy, sweetish- acid, esculent. China Cyminosma. Tree 20 feet. 3 C. AKE'NDA (Gaert. fruct. 1". t. 58.) leaves ? petals oblong, pubescent outside, a little longer than the calyx. Jj . S. Native of Ceylon. Ankoenda, Herm. mus. 73. Burm. fl. zeyl. 27. Oil of cumin is extracted from this tree. Akenda Cyminosma. Tree 20 feet. 4 C. ODOKA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 722.) leaves ovate, ob- liquely truncate at the base, dotted beneath ; corymbs terminal, racemose; berries 1 -seeded from abortion. ^ . G. Native of Cochin-china, in gardens. Jambolifera odorata, Lour. coch. 23 1 . Calyptranthes odorata, Martyn. Flowers white. Berries ovate, small, white. The leaves have the smell of cumin ; the young leaves are put into salads, and are not unpleasant. Sweet-scented Cyminosma. Clt. 1818. Shrub 6 feet. 5 C. RESINOSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 722.) leaves oblong ; pedun- cles axillary, many-flowered ; berries roundish, 4-celled. ^ . S. Native of Cochin-china. Jambolifera resinosa, Lour. coch. 1. p. 284. Calyptranthes resinosa, Martyn. A middle-sized tree, with tough, resinous bark. Flowers white. Berries roundish, small, black. The fishermen of Cochin-china dye their nets in a strong decoction of the roots, to prevent their rotting. Resinous-barked Cyminosma. Tree 20 feet. Cult. These trees will thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and ripened cuttings will strike root if planted in a pot of sand, placed under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat. Tribe II. DIO'SMEiE-EUROP^EA'N^E. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 467. Flowers irregular. Disk wanting. Ovaries 5, dis- tinct. Seeds covered with a thin, dark, shining testa. Embryo with a short radicle, and close, ovate, thick cotyledons. Albu- men fleshy, white. European herbs with pinnate leaves. V. DICTA'MNUS (an ancient name of what is supposed to be Origanum Dictumnus, Fraxinella because the leaves resemble those of Frdxinus, the ash). Lin. gen. no. 522. D. C. prod. 1. p. 712. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 467. t. 18. no. 12. LIN. SYST. Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx deciduous, 5- parted, unequal. Petals 5, unguiculate, unequal. Stamens 10, declinate ; filaments awl-shaped, filiform, unequal, with glan- dular tubercles at the apex ; anthers roundish. Style 1, decli- nate, striated lengthwise, terminated by a papillose, blunt stigma. Capsule stipitate, composed of 5 carpels, which are connected on the inside, compressed, 2-seeded. — Strong smelling herbs, with impari-pinnate, exstipulate leaves, with 4-6 pairs of serru- late leaflets, full of pellucid dots. Racemes terminal. Stems glandular at the apex, as well as the pedicels, calyxes, and petals. 1 D. FRAXINE'UA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 464.) leaflets 4-5 pairs, cordate at the base, acute at the apex, finely serrulated ; racemes long; calyx unequal. Tf.. H. Native of the south of Europe, particularly in Germany, France, Spain, Austria, and Italy. D. albus, Lin. spec. 548. Jacq. austr. 5. t. 428. Woodv. med. hot. 316. 1. 116. Lam. ill. t. 344. f. 1. Fraxinella, Clus. pann. 54. It is called by Gerarde Bastard or False Dittany, and by Par- kinson, False White Dittany. Seeds pear-shaped, black, shining. The whole plant, especially when gently rubbed, emits an odour like that of lemon-peel, but when bruised it has something of a balsamic scent. 1 his fine scent is strongest in the pedicels of the flowers, which are covered with glands of a rusty-red colour, exuding a viscid juice or resin, which exhales in vapour, and in a dark place may be seen to take fire. The root was formerly used in medicine, and it is said with much success, as a drastic opiate. This plant, for its beauty and fine scent, deserves a place in every collection. The varieties are as follows : Var. a, purpiirea (D. C. prod. 1. p. 712.) petioles obscurely edged ; petals pale-purple, striped with deeper veins. D. rubra, D. Fraxinella, Link. enum. 1. p. 398. Var. ft, alba (D. C. prod. 1. p. 712.) petioles with rather broader edges; petals white. D. albus, Link. enum. 1. p. 398. Fraxinella. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1596. PI. 1 to 1 J- foot. 782 RUTACE^E. V. D.ICTAMNUS. VI. CALODENDRON. VII. ADENANDRA. 2 D. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 93.) leaflets 4-5 pairs, alternate, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, finely serrulated ; racemes long ; calyx nearly equal. If. . H. Native of the Altaian mountains. Flowers purple. Narrow-leaved Fraxinella. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1828. PI. 2 feet. Cult. The species of Fraxinella will grow in any commongar- den-soil, and are easily increased by seeds, which ripen in abund- ance. They are well adapted for flower-borders, being very shewy. Tribe III. DIO'SME,E-CAPE'NSES. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 469. Flowers regular. Petals 5, very rarely wanting. Disk adhering to the calyx. Stamens 5, perigynous. Ovaries 1-5, joined in one. Seeds covered with a thin shining testa, usually crested at the apex. Albumen very thin or wanting. Embryo with a short radicle and ovate cotyledons, not rarely multiple. Neat heath-like shrubs, with entire or crenated leaves. Na- tives of the Cape of Good Hope. VI. CALODE'NDRON (from ra\oc> kalos, beautiful, and Ztvtipov, dendron, a tree ; the leaves are permanent, and the flowers are flesh-coloured). Thunb. prod. 44. D. C. prod. 1. p. 712. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 460. t. 19. no. 15. LIN. SYST. Pent&ndria, Monogynia. Calyx short, 5-parted, deciduous. Disk short, tubular. Petals 5, lanceolate, inserted in the base of the disk, hispid from starry hairs. Stamens 10, 5 of which are sterile and petal-like, tubercled, ending in an ovate gland, these are opposite the petals ; the 5 fertile ones bearing ovate anthers, which are glandular at the apex. Style oblong, deflexed, ending in a 5-furrowed stigma, which is hardly broader. Capsule tubercled, 5-angled, 5-celled, 5-valved ; cells 2-seeded. — A tree with opposite, simple, crenated large leaves, and terminal panicles of flowers. 1 C. CAPE'NSIS (Thunb. prod. 44.). Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lam. journ. hist. nat. 56. t. 3. Dic- tamnus calodendron, Lam. ill. t. 344. f. 2. Poir. suppl. 2. p. 476. Dictamnus Capensis, Lin. fil. suppl. 232. Pallasia Ca- pensis, Houtt. Branches opposite, or 3 in a whorl. Panicle trichotomously divided. Pedicels compressed, dilated under the flower. Flowers flesh-coloured. Cape Calodendron. Clt. 1789. Tree 20 feet? Cult. This tree is supposed to be one of the finest at the Cape of Good Hope; its fruit resembles that of a chesnut. The plant will grow freely in a mixture of loam and peat ; and ripened cuttings will strike root readily, if planted in a pot of sand, and placed under a hand-glass, but care must be taken to plant them soon enough to be rooted before they drop their leaves (the tree being deciduous) or they will not root (Sweet). VII. ADENA'NDRA (from aV, aden, a gland, and avnp avSpoe, aner andros, a male ; the anthers terminate in a globose gland). Willd. enum. 256. Bartl. and Wendl. ex Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 470. t. 19. no. 16.— Glandulifolia, Wendl. coll. I. t. 10. O ckia and Okenia, Dietr. Diosma spec, of authors. Hartogia spec, of Berg. LIN. SYST. Pen'dndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, dotted. Disk adhering to the bottom of the calyx, bearing the stamens on the margin. Petals 5, with short claws, spreading. Fila- ments 10, hispid, the 5 opposite the petals sterile, each endin^ in a thickened, concave, or globose gland, the 5 fertile ones shortest, terminated by large, egg-shaped anthers, each furnished at the apex with a shell-like, or rarely globose, pedicellate gland, which is at first erect, then refracted. Style shorter than the 1 calyx, dilated at the apex into a depressed-globose 5-lobed stigma. Carpels 5, compressed, joined together, covered with stipitate tubercles or glands, shorter than the calyx. Seeds 1 or 2 in each carpel.— Small, heath-like shrubs, with alternate, rarely opposite, flat, coriaceous leaves, full of glandular dots, and appear as if they were crenated on the margins, callose at the apex, on short stalks, which are furnished with two glands at their base. Flowers whitish, flesh-coloured, or reddish, large, usually solitary at the tops of the branches, seldom umbellate, usually with 2 opposite bracteas below each flower. §1. Flowers nearly sessile. Glands of anthers shell-formed. 1 A. CORIA'CEA (Licht. in Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 452.) leaves scattered, oblong, obtuse, revolute, quite smooth ; flowers large, usually solitary on the tops of the branches ; segments of calyx blunt, crenulated. I? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma coriacea, D. C. prod. 1. p. 713. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 784. Con'aeeotts-leaved Adenandra. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1720. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 2 A. BISERIA'TA (Meyer, in Bartl. et Wendl. dios.) leaves crowded, oblong, with a recurved mucrone, revolute, scabrous from 2 rows of glands beneath ; calyxes very villous ; flowers on very short peduncles, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma biseriata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 784. Flowers large, smooth, pink ? TVo-romed-glanded Adenandra. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 3 A. UNIFLORA (Willd. enum. 256.) leaves scattered, oblong- lanceolate, somewhat pointed, revolute, smooth, dotted beneath ; flowers solitary, terminal ; calyxes ciliated ; petals obovate. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma uniflora, Lin. spec. 287. Schrad. sert. hann. 1. t. 8. Curt. bot. mag. 273. Hartogia uniflora, Berg. cap. 71. Eriostemon uniflora, Smith in Rees' cycl. 13. no. 4. Flowers large, white inside, and pinkish outside. Filaments very hairy. The flowers are sometimes only 4-petalled and 4-anthered. One-flowered Adenandra. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1775. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 4 A. ACUMINA'TA (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 88.) leaves scattered, roundish, ovate, rather cordate, acuminated, ciliated, spreading ; peduncles terminal, umbellate. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma acuminata, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 493. Aga- thosma acuminata, Willd. enum. p. 260. Bucco acuminata, Wendl. coll. 1. p. 79. t. 28. Flowers large, white ; filaments very hairy- 4cuminate-\eaved Adenandra. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1812. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 5 A. Ajiffi'NA (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 88.) leaves scattered, ob- long or oval, bluntish, smooth, dotted beneath ; flowers solitary, sessile, terminal ; calyxes a little ciliated ; petals orbicular, a little mucronate. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma amce'na, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 161. Ker. bot. reg. t. 553. Flowers large, smooth, whitish above, and reddish beneath. Glandulifolia uniflora ovata, Lich. in Wendl. coll. 1. t. 33.? Adenandra glandulosa, Lich. in Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 450.? Pleasing Adenandra. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1798. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 6 A. SFECIOSA (Link. enum. 1 . p. 256. ) leaves scattered, oblong or obovate, revolute, dotted beneath, smooth, but a little fringed on the edges ; flowers terminal, umbellate ; calyxes fringed ; petals with smooth margins. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma speciosa, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1271. Diosma cistoides, Lam. diet. 2. p. 288. ? Flowers pink, large. Vur. a, mitltifbra (D. C. prod. 1. p. 713.) flowers from 1 to 12 ; branches ascending. RUTACEjE. VII. ADENANDRA. VIII. COLEONEMA. IX. DIOSMA. 783 Var. j(3, pauciflora (D. C. prod. 1. p. 713.) flowers 1 to 2 ; branches erect. Shervy Adenandra. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1790. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 7 A. UMBELLA'TA (Willd. enum. 257.) leaves oblong or ob- ovate, dotted beneath, fringed on the edges ; calyxes smooth ; petals fringed. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Glandulifolia umbellata, Wendl. coll. 1. t. 10. Delaun. herb. amat. t. 163. Hartogia umbellata, Bergius. Flowers pink, terminal, umbellate. t/»«6e/-flowered Adenandra. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1790. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 8 A. VILLOSA (Licht. in Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 452.) leaves crowded, ovate-oblong, fringed, pubescent and glandular beneath ; flowers terminal, umbellate ; calyxes, petals, and sta- mens fringed. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma villosa, Thunb. prod. p. 43. Hartogia villosa, Berg. cap. 70. Flowers pink. Villous Adenandra. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1786. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 9 A. CUSPIDA'TA (Meyer in Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 452.) leaves crowded, upper ones very densely imbricated, ovate, acu- minated, quite smooth ; flowers almost sessile ; calyxes and petals fringed. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma cuspidata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 785. Flowers pink. Pointed-leaved Adenandra. Fl. April, July. Clt. ? Shrub 1 to 2 feet. § 2. Flowers on long peduncles. Glands of filaments globose. 10 A. FRA'GRANS (Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 451.) leaves scattered, spreading very much, ovate-oblong, glandular, a little crenulated ; pedicels clammy, aggregate, umbellate, almost twice as long as the leaves ; calyxes reflexed ; petals crenulate. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma fragrans, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1519. Flowers rose-colour. Sweet-scented Adenandra. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1812. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 11 A. MARGINA'TA (Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 452.)' leaves scattered, smooth, diaphanous, cordate, lower ones ovate, upper ones lanceolate ; umbels terminal ; sterile stamens bearded. 17 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma marginata, Thunb. prod. 1. p. 713. Flowers pale flesh-coloured. Marginate-]eaved Adenandra. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1806. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 12 A. LINEA'RIS (Andr. Juss. mem. mus. 12. p. 470.) leaves opposite, linear, obtuse, spreading ; branches and pedicels smooth ; flowers terminal, on long, usually solitary pedicels. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma linearis, Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 136. 7/mear-leaved Adenandra. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1 800. Shrub 1 foot. 13 A. ROSMARINIFOLIA (Andr. Juss. mem. mus. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate-linear, revolute, smooth ; peduncles axillary and ter- minal ; capsules very blunt. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma rosmarinifolia, Lam. ill. 2. p. 81. Flowers reddish. Rosemary-leaved Adenandra. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. Cult. This is a genus of beautiful little greenhouse shrubs ; they will thrive best in a mixture of sand and peat, with a little turfy loam. The young tops, before they begin to throw out their buds, made into cuttings, and planted neatly in a pot of sand, with a bell-glass placed over them, will root without heat. VIII. COLEONE'MA (from roXeoc, koleos, a sheath, and rrifia, nema, a filament ; the filaments are fixed into a sheath-like recess of the petals). Bartl. et Wendl. dios. ex Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 471. t. 19. no. 17. Diosma, spec, of authors. Adenandra, spec. Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Disk adnate to the base of the calyx, with a 5-lobed margin. Petals 5, with a spreading border. Filaments 10, the 5 sterile ones shortest, and opposite the petals, and adnate to their base, and fitted into a channel, tapering at the top into a gland ; the 5 alter- nate ones opposite the lobes of the disk ; anthers roundish, each furnished at the apex with a minute sessile gland. Style about the length of the stamens, terminated by a capitate, papillose, obscurely 5-furrowed stigma. Fruit of 5 joined carpels, each furnished with a little horn on the outside at the apex, com- pressed, rugged with dots. Seeds 1 or 2 in each carpel. — Small heath-like shrubs, with short, linear, scattered, very acute leaves, which are beset with glandular dots. Flowers white, axillary towards the tops of the branches, solitary, on short peduncles, furnished with many sepal-like, close-pressed bracteas. 1 C. A'LBA (Bartl. et Wendl. 1. c. Andr. Juss. 1. c.) leaves linear, keeled, mucronate, with cartilaginous scabrous margins ; sterile filaments fitted into the plaits of the petals. Tj . G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma alba, Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 126. Adenandra alba, Roam, et Schult. syst. 5. p. 451. Diosma rubra, Hortul. Flowers white. Calyxes and bracteas fringed. White-fiowered Coleonema. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 2 C. FILIFORMIS (Andr. Juss. 1. c.) fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma filiformis, D. C. herb, ex Andr. Juss. We know nothing of this plant. Filiform Coleonema. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 3 C. ASPALATHOIDES (Andr. Juss. 1. c.) leaves oblong or linear, triquetrous, dotted beneath, hooked at the apex ; flowers nearly sessile, solitary, or twin. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma aspalathoides, herb. Burm. but not of Lam. Flowers white. Aspalathus-like Coleonema. Shrub 1 foot. Cult. These beautiful little shrubs will grow best in a mix- ture of peat and sand, with the addition of a little loam. The young tops taken off, and made into cuttings, and planted neatly in a pot of sand, and a bell-glass placed over them, will root without heat. IX. DIO'SMA (from Siog, dios, divine, and oa}m\, osme, smell ; the bruised leaves have an exquisite smell). Bergius, cap. Willd. enum. p. 257. Bartl. et Wendl. dios. Wendl. coll. 1. p. 1. Diosma, sect. 5. Eudiosma, D. C. prod. 1. p. 716. exclusive of no. 42, 43. and 53. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Disk adnate to the bottom of the calyx, with a free glandular 5-fur- rowed, 5-lobed margin ; lobes alternating with the segments of the calyx. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals, and shorter ; filaments smooth, filiformly -subulate ; an- thers roundish, each furnished with a sessile gland at the apex. Style short, usually a little arched, smooth, ending in a capitate stigma, which is scarcely broader. Fruit of 5 joined carpels, each furnished with a short horn on the outside at the apex. Seeds 1-2 in each carpel, sometimes furnished with a jagged- crested appendix at the apex, especially Z). hirsuta (see Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 82. t. 94.). — Small heath-like shrubs, with scattered or opposite, linear-acute, channelled, sharply serrulated or fringed leaves, which are covered with glandular dots. Flowers white or red, sometimes solitary at the tops of the branches, sometimes corymbosely-aggregate ; pedicels short, furnished with minute bracteas, which are sometimes opposite. * Flowers sub-corymbose. Leaves opposite. 1 D. SUCCULE'NTA (Wendl. colh 1. t. 1.) leaves imbricate, in 4 rows, opposite, linear, keeled, acute, thickish, ciliated ; corymbs few-flowered, terminal. Tj . G. Native of the Cape 784 RUTACEiE. IX. DIOSMA. of Good Hope. D. pinifolia, Fisch. D. decussata, Lam. 2. p. 283. ? D. rigidulum, Willd. ? Hartogia succulenta, Berg. cap. — Pluk. t. 279. f. 4. — Comm. rar. t. 1. and Seb. thes. 2. t. 40. f. 5. Flowers white. Succulent Diosma. Fl. April, June. Shrub 2 feet. 2 D. OPPOSITIFOLIA (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 132.) leaves oppo- site, trigonal, blunt, fringed ; corymbs terminal, few-flowered. \l . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lin. spec. 286. Flowers white. Opposite-leaved Diosma. Fl. Feb. July. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 3 D. RECU'RVA (Nees in Schlecht. Linnasa. 5. p. 51.) smooth, erect, branched ; branches very leafy ; flowers dichotomous, rarely somewhat umbellate or cymose, sessile ; leaves nearly op- posite, linear-lanceolate, recurved at, the apex, almost sessile, flat above, but convex beneath, glandular on the margins and mid-rib beneath ; petals and filaments smooth. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small. Petals ovate, con- cave, erect, twice the length of the calyx. Stamens length of calyx ; sterile stamens opposite the petals. Recurved-\ea.ve& Diosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. * * Flowers sub-corymbose. Leaves scattered. 4 D. PECTIN A'TA (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 127.) leaves scattered, trigonal, acute, dotted, ciliated, spreading ; corymbs terminal, few-flowered ; branclilets pubescent. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white. Pectinated Diosma. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1812. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 5 D. SUBULA'TA (Wendl. coll. 1. p. 31. t. 8.) leaves scattered, linear, keeled, acuminated, fringed, erect, sometimes opposite ; corymbs terminal, few-flowered. J; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals bluish, shorter than the acute calyx. Subulate-]eaved Diosma. Fl. March, July. Clt. 1812. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 6 D. ASPALATIIOIDES (Lam. diet. 2. p. 286.) leaves scattered, trigonal, linear, erect, ending at the apex in a hooked point, smooth, dotted beneath ; peduncles and calyxes quite smooth ; flowers usually corymbose. >> . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D. glabrata, Meyer. Flowers white. Aspalatlius-like Diosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 7 D. HIRSU'TA (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 128.) leaves scattered, linear, keeled, mucronate, villous ; branches .and calyxes hairy ; peduncles terminal, 1-flowered, sub-corymbose. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Wendl. coll. 1. t. 27 — Comm. rar. t. 3. Flowers white, with a bluish or pinkish tinge. Hairy Diosma. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1731. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 8 D. VIRGA'TA (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 129.) leaves scattered, trigonal, obtuse, dotted, smooth ; flowers somewhat racemose, fastigiate. \i . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white, smooth. Twiggy Diosma. Fl. March, Ju. Clt, 1820. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 9 D. RU'BRA (Lin. spec. 287.) leaves scattered, linear, keeled, mucronate, smooth, fringed at the base, bifariously dotted be- neath ; flowers terminal, somewhat umbellate ; calyxes fringed ; carpels with straight horns. 17. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ker. hot. reg. t. 563. D. ericifolia, Andr. hot. rep. t. 451 — Mill. fig. t. 125. f. 1. ? — Comm. rar. t. 2. Calyxes reddish. Petals white. The leaves when bruised emit a strong balsamic scent, as well as all the other species. tft-d-calyxed Diosma. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1752. Shrub 1 to 4 feet. 10 D. AMBI'GUA (Lodd. bot. cab. t. 461.) leaves scattered, linear, pointed, keeled, fringed, erectish ; flowers sub-corym- bose ; peduncles short, pubescent ; horns of carpels spreading, a little recurved. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers -white. Ambiguous Diosma. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1810. Sh. 1 to 3 ft. 11 D. LONGIFOLIA (Wendl. coll. l.p. 61. t. 19.) leaves scat- tered, linear, pointed, long, smooth, glandular, spreading, fringed ; corymbs terminal, few-flowered ; horns of carpels hooked. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D. rubra, Lam. diet. Flowers white, tinged with blue. Long-leaved Diosma. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? Shrub 1 to 3 ft. 12 D. TENUIFOLIA (Willd. enum. p. 258.) leaves linear, keeled, mucronate, ciliated; peduncles 1-2-flowered, corymbose, ter- minal. 17.6. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D. linifolia, Hort. Flowers white. Fine-leaved Diosma. Fl. April, June. Clt. ? Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 13 D. UMBEHA'TA (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 133.) leaves scat- tered, trigonal, obtuse, dotted, ciliated ; umbels many-flowered, terminal. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Peduncles purple. Corolla white. Umbellate Diosma. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 14 D. TENUI'SSIMA (Lodd. in Link, enum. 1. p. 257.) leaves scattered, somewhat triquetrous, smooth, remotish, scarcely 2 lines long ; flowers sub-corymbose ? Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white. Very slender Diosma. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 15 D. THYOIDES (Willd. in Roam, et Schult. syst. 5. p. 462.) leaves scattered, linear, smooth, close-pressed ; branches whorled ; flowers terminal, umbellate ; peduncles pubescent. Tj . G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white. Cupressus-like Diosma. Shrub 2 feet. 16 D. PARVIFLORA (Willd. in Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 462.) leaves scattered, awl-shaped, triquetrous, acute, smooth ; flowers in terminal umbels ; pedicels pubescent. ^ . G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small, white. Small-flowered Diosma. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. * * Flowers stalked, usually solitary. 17 D. USTULA'TA (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 132.) leaves ovate, trigonal, umbricated, smooth ; flowers terminal, solitary. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves covered with dark dots above. Flowers white. Z)ar&-dotted Diosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 1 8 D. sc AVBRA (Lam. diet. 2. p. 283.) leaves opposite, decussate, linear, keeled, scabrous, fringed, with a recurved point ; pedun- cles twin, 1 -flowered, terminal. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white. Scabrous Diosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 19 D. ERICOIDES (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 130.) leaves crowded, trigonal, blunt, smooth, dotted ; flowers terminal, usually soli- tary. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2332. Mill. fig. t. 124. f. 2. — Pluk. alma. t. 179. f. 3. Flowers small, white, with a tinge of red on the upper surface. The leaves emit a strong penetrating smell when bruised. The Hottentots use the leaves of this and other species to scent their ointments. It is a low bushy shrub. Heath-like Diosma. Fl. Feb. Jul. Clt. 1756. Sh. 1 to 3 ft. 20 D. LINEA'RIS (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 136.) leaves opposite, linear, obtuse, spreading ; branches and pedicels smooth ; flowers terminal, usually solitary. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white ? Zinear-leaved Diosma. Fl. Mar. July. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. * * * * Flowers almost sessile. ,71 D. MEYERIA'NA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 783.) leaves crowded, linear, pointed, upright, pressed, with scabrous edges ; flowers RUTACEJE. IX. DIOSMA. X. EUCH^TIS. XI. ACMADENIA. XII. BAROSMA. 785 terminal, glomerate. Tj. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D. virgata, Meyer. Flowers small, white. Meyer's Diosma. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 22 D. RAMOSISSIMA (Bartl. dios. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 783.) leaves crowded, linear, trigonal, very blunt, upright, smooth ; flowers usually solitary ; petals blunt. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D. cupressina, Lam. Flowers white. Much-branched Diosma. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 23 D. CUPRE'SSINA (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 136.) leaves oppo- site, imbricated in 4 rows, oblong-lanceolate, close-pressed, with scabrous margins, keeled, acute ; flowers terminal, usually soli- tary. \i . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 303. Wendl. coll. 2. t. 61.— Pluk. aim. t. 279. f. 2. D. dichotoma, Berg. cap. p. 63. Brunia uniflora, Lin. spec. 289. Flowers white, tinged with pink. • Cypress-like Diosma. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1790. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. Cult. Diosma is a genus of beautiful heath-like shrubs ; they will thrive best in a mixture of peat and sand, with the addition of a little turfy loaf; and youngish cuttings, planted in a pot of sand, and a bell-glass placed over them, will strike root freely without heat. X. EUCH^EVTIS (from cv, eu, well, and \airi), chaite, a head of hair ; in allusion to the petals being bearded inside). Bartl. et Wendl. diostn. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 472. — Diosma spec. Meyer. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Disk adnate to the base of the calyx, witli a free, short margin, which is somewhat 5-crenate. Petals 5, a little longer than the calyx, hardly unguiculate, transversely bearded in the middle on the inside. Stamens 5, opposite the segments of the calyx, and shorter than them ; anthers roundish, each furnished at the apex with a minute, rather globose gland. Style shorter than the stamens, erect, quite smooth, dilated at the apex into a capi- tate stigma. Capsule of 5 joined carpels, each furnished with a little horn at the apex on the outside. — A shrub with scattered, lanceolate, keeled leaves, with 2 rows of glands on the keel, and serrulated, scabrous, ciliated margins, without dots. Flowers white, glomerate at the tops of the branches ; peduncles very short, each furnished with 2 opposite bracteas. This genus differs from Acmadenia, in the sterile filaments being sometimes almost wanting. 1 E. GLOMERA'TA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. p. 15. t. A. f. 1.) leaves crowded, acute, close-pressed ; flowers glomerate, ter- minal. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma glomerata, Meyer. Flowers white. Glomerate-flowered Euchaetis. Shrub 2 feet. Cult. See Diosma for cultivation and propagation. XI. ACM ADE* NI A (from a/c/zij, acme, a point, and aSriv, aden, a gland ; in allusion to the anthers being terminated by pointed glands). Bartl. et Wendl, diosm. p. 16. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 473. t. 18. no. 14. — Diosma, species of authors. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Disk adnate to the base of the calyx, with a free, spreading, entire margin. Petals 5, with long claws ; claws bearded on the inside. Filaments 10, enclosed, the 5 sterile ones opposite the petals and inserted in the margin of the disk, or almost wanting, the 5 fertile ones are longest ; anthers ovate, each furnished with a conical gland at the apex. Style shorter than the filaments, dilated at the apex into a capitate, obscurely 5-furrowed stigma. Capsules of 5 compressed carpels, each bearing a horn at the apex on the outside. — Small, heath-like shrubs, with opposite, thickish, keeled, and hence somewhat trigonal leaves, which are imbricated in 4 rows and dotted beneath. Flowers white or red, VOL. I. terminal, solitary, almost sessile, furnished with imbricate sepal- like bracteas. 1 A. JUNIPE'RINA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Spreng. I. c.) leaves crowded, trigonal, linear, acute, on very short petioles ; flowers solitary, terminal ; sterile filaments very short. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma juniperina, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 784. Diosma ulicina, Lodd. cat. 1824.? Flowers red? Juniper-like Acmadenia. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 2 A. OBTUSA'TA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Spreng. 1. c.) leaves crowded, somewhat trigonal, linear-lanceolate, obtuse, fringed ; branches pubescent ; flowers sessile, solitary ; calyxes and petals fringed ; sterile filaments very short. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma obtusata, Wendl. coll. 3. p. 7. t. 76. Flowers pale-red. Obtuse-leaved Acmadenia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 3 A. LMVIGATA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Spreng. 1. c.) leaves ovate, keeled, obtuse, smooth, fringed ; flowers sessile, terminal, solitary ; sterile filaments very short. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma tetragona, Thunb. fl. cap. 1. p. 133. voy. 4. t. 5. Diosma laevigata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 784. Biicco tetragona, Roem. et Schult, syst. 5. p. 444. Adenandra tetragona, Sweet, hort. subur. lond. p. 45. Flowers white. Smoothed Acmadenia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1789. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 4 A. ALTERNIFOLIA (Nees, in Schlecht. Linnaea. 5. p. 52.) branched, densely leafy ; leaves linear, triquetrous, keeled, acute, rough from glandular dots beneath ; flowers somewhat umbellate, terminal, few, sessile ; sepals ovate, acuminated, ciliated at the base ; petals wedge-shaped, ciliated; stigma ca- pitate, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Alternate-leaved Acmadenia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 5 A. PU'NGENS (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Spreng. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acuminated, smooth ; flowers solitary, sessile. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma pungens, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 784. Flowers white. Pungent-leaved Acmadenia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 6 A. TETRAGONA (Bartl, et Wendl. diosm. ex Spreng. 1. c.) leaves roundish-rhomboidal, with scabrous margins, floral ones dilated at the apex ; flowers large, sessile, solitary ; sterile fila- ments awl-shaped. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma tetragona, Lin. syst. 239. Flowers white. Tetragonal Acmadenia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. Cult. This is a beautiful genus of little shrubs, differing from all the Cape Diosmce in the leaves being closely imbricated in four rows, covering the stem. These require the same treat' ment as that recommended for Diosma, which see. XII. BARO'SMA (from /3apve, barys, heavy, and oa^ri, osme, smell; all the species have a heavy smell). Willd. enum. 257. Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 474. t. 29. no. 18. — Baryosma, Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 448. but not of Gaert. — Parapetalifera, Wendl. coll. 1. p. 92. — Diosma spec, of authors.— Hartogia, spec. Berg. 69, — Bucco. spec. Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 438. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft or 5*- parted, dotted. Disk covering the bottom of the calyx, with the margin for the most part very short, and hardly prominent above. Petals 5, with short claws. Filaments 10, the 5 oppo- site the petals sterile, petal-like, not unguiculate, obscurely glan- dular at the apex, fringed; the 5 alternate ones longest, smooth, or a little hispid, awl-shaped, capillary, bearing egg-shaped anthers, each furnished with a minute gland at the apex, rarely without. Style about the length of the petals, a little arched. 5H 786 RUTACE^E. XII. BAROSMA. XIII. AGATHOSMA. smooth or hispid at the base, tapering to the top into a minute 5-lobed stigma. Capsule of 5 joined carpels, each furnished with an auricle at the top on the outside, and with glandular dots on the back. — Small, heath-like shrubs, with opposite or scattered, coriaceous, flat, dotted leaves, with their margins sometimes glandularly serrulated, sometimes almost entire or re- volute. Flowers white or red, solitary or in threes ; pedicels short, furnished with close-pressed, imbricate, sepal-like bracteas. In B. trichopodis, Bartl. the flowers are in fascicles on ] -flowered pedicels, rising from the minute, many-leaved, axillary buds. * Leaves glandularly serrulated. 1 B. SF.RRATIFOLIA (Willd. enum. p. 257.) leaves nearly oppo- site, lanceolate, stalked, glandularly serrulated, smooth ; pedun- cles axillary, subdivided, tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma serratif olia, Curt. bot. mag. t. 456. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 373. Burch, voy. 1. p. 476. with a figure. Parape- talifera serrata, Wencll. coll. 1 . t. 34. Adenandra cordata, Link, enum. 1. p. 236. Petals white. Serrate-leaved Barosma. Fl. Mar. June. Clt. 1789. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 2 B. ODORA'TA (Willd. enum. p. 257.) leaves opposite, ovate- oblong, crenated, smooth, glandular ; pedicels axillary, solitary. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma odorata, B.C. prod. 1. p. 714. D. latifolia, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 290. Parapetalifera odorata, Wendl. coll. 1. t. 15. Branches tetra- gonal. Peduncles sometimes 2-flowered. Flowers white. Sweet-scented Barosma. Fl. Mar. June. Clt. 1789. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 3 B. BETU'LINA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Juss. 1. c.) leaves opposite, obovate, serrulated, sessile, spreading much, covered with glandular dots beneath ; flowers axillary, solitary. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma betulina, Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 139. Hartogia betulina, Berg. cap. 69. Bucco betulina, Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 443. Diosma orbi- cularis, Hort. Flowers white. Birch-like Barosma. Fl. Feb. Sept. Clt. 1790. Sh. 1 to 3 ft. 4 B. LATIFOLIA (Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 449.) leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, sessile, serrulated, smoothish, without glandular dots ; branches villous ; flowers usually solitary, la- teral, fj. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma latifolia, Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 139. Lin. fil. suppl. 154. Andr. bot. rep. t. 33. Flowers white. Broad-leaved Barosma. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1789. Sh. 1 ft. 5 B. PULCHE'LLA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Juss. 1. c.) leaves crowded, ovate, quite smooth, with thickened, crenate-glandular margins ; peduncles axillary, usually solitary, exceeding the leaves. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma pulchella, Lin. spec. 288. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1357. Hartogia pulchella, Berg. cap. 69. Bucco pulchella, Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 442. Flowers pale-red. The Hottentots use the leaves of this plant, dried and powdered, under the name of Buckti, to mix with the grease with which they anoint them- selves. It gives them so rank an odour, that Thunberg says he could not bear the smell of the men who drove his waggon. Neat Barosma. Fl. Feb. Sept. Clt. 1789. Sh. 1 to 3 feet. 6 B. CRENA'TA (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 89.) leaves usually oppo- site, ovate, acute, dotted, with glandularly-crenated margins ; pedicels solitary, 1 -flowered. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma crenata, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 404. Pro- bably the same as Diosma crenata of Lin. and Thunb. but the leaves are said to be scattered, not opposite. Flowers white. The leaves are used like the lash CVenafc-leaved Barosma. Fl. Jan. April. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 7 B. PU'LCIIRA (Nees, in Schlecht. Linnaea. 5. p. 53.) like B. pulchella but larger in every part ; fertile filaments ciliated at the base, but the sterile ones all over ; petals full of glan- dular dots. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Fair Barosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. * * Leaves entire or revolute. 8 B. OVA^TA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Juss. 1. c.) leaves nearly opposite, ovate, oval, obovate or ovate-roundish, smooth, entire, beset with rusty dots beneath ; flowers axillary, stalked. \y . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma ovata, Thunb. prod. 43. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1616. Bucco ovata, Wendl. coll. t. 20. Flowers white. Quote-leaved Barosma. Fl. Feb. Sept. Clt. 1790. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 9 B. GRAVEVOLENS ; leaves ovate, quite entire, imbricate, smooth ; peduncles axillary, solitary. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma graveolens, Licht. in Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 461. Strong-scented Barosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 10 B. OBLONGA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Juss. I. c.) leaves scattered, obovate-oblong, coriaceous, shining, with thickened, revolute, glandularly-crenated margins ; branches pubescent ; peduncles axillary, exceeding the leaves. Tj G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma oblonga, Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 139. D. lanceolata, var. /3 et y, Thunb. prod. 43. Flowers white. Oblong-leaved Barosma. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 11 B. DIOI'CA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Juss. 1. c.) leaves scattered, upper ones tern, lanceolate, tapering to both ends, full of glandular dots, spreading ; peduncles axillary, usually in threes, shorter than the leaves ; flowers dioecious from abortion, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma dioica, Ker. bot. reg. t. 502. Diosma linifolia, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 400. but not of Licht. Stamens a little exserted. Petals purplish. Dioecious Barosma. Fl. April, Jul. Clt. 1816. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 12 B. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex. Juss. 1. c.) leaves opposite, linear, truncate, revolute, quite smooth, with pellucid, glandularly crenate dots on the margins ; flowers axil- lary, aggregate, on short peduncles. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma stenophy'lla, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 785. Flowers white 1 Narrow-leaved Barosma. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 13 B. FOZTIDI'SSIMA (Bartl. et Wendl. 1. c.) leaves linear, very blunt, revolute, usually tern ; flowers terminal, somewhat umbellately aggregate. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma fcetidissima, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 785. Flowers white. Very-fetid Barosma. Fl. Feb. July. Clt. 1824. Sh. 1 to 3 ft. 14 B. TRICHO'PODIS (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Juss. 1. c.) flowers in fascicles, on 1 -flowered pedicels, rising from the minute, many-leaved, axillary buds, tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Hairy-stalked Barosma. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. Cull. Barosma is a genus of pretty little shrubs, which thrive best in a mixture of sand, peat, and a little turfy loam ; and cuttings taken off from ripened wood, and planted in a pot of sand, with a bell-glass placed over them, will strike root readily. XII f. AGATHO'SMA (from ayaSoc, agathos, good, and oo-juij, osme, smell ; the plants contained in this genus have a pleasant smell). Willd. enum. 259. Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 475. t. 20. no. 19. Bucco, Wendl. coll. 1. p. 13. Diosma, species of authors. Hartogia species, Lin. et Berg. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogyma. Calyx 5-parted. Disk short, glandular, adnate to the bottom of the calyx, usually RUTACE^E. XIII. AGATHOSMA. 787 pressed to the ovaries. Petals 5, longer than the calyx, ungui- culate; claws long, narrow, usually hispid, with a broad, entire, spreading limb. Filaments 10, the 5 opposite the petals shorter than them, petal-like, hispid at the base, but dilated at the apex into a spatula, which is obscurely glandular-dotted, the 5 alternate ones somewhat terete, usually unequal, bearing sub- globose anthers, each furnislfed with a minute globular gland at the apex. Style about the length of the stamens, tapering to the apex into a 2-3-lobed stigma. Fruit of 2 or 3 joined car- pels, each furnished with a horn at the apex on the outside. — Small, heath-like shrubs, with scattered, short, narrow leaves, usually with revolute edges, somewhat trigonal, sometimes fiat, entire, or with glandular teeth, for the most part dotted. Flowers reddish or lilac, but usually white, aggregate at the tops of the branches in heads or umbels. Peduncles 1 -flowered, furnished with scale-like bracteas at their base, and for the most part furnished with 2 alternate, bristle-like bracteas in the middle. § 1. Flowers terminal, subumbellate. * Leaves linear-trigonal. 1 A. BISU'LCA ; leaves scattered, trigonal, linear, erect, with an acute, recurved apex, hairy, keeled beneath from 4 rows of dots ; petals pilose. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma bisulca, Thunb. prod. 1. p. 84. D. bifurca, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1136. Leaves with a glandular point, and with 2 furrows beneath. Flowers white. Tn'o-fttrroned-\eaved Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 2 A. nispiDA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. p. 16.) leaves crowded, linear, trigonal, blunt, spreading, hispid, keeled, and 2-furrowed beneath ; pedicels and calyxes pubescent ; petals quite smooth. J; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma hispida, Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 129. Hartogia Capensis, Lin. spec; 288. Bucco 1 ispida, Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 446. Flowers white. Hispid Agathosma. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1786. Shrub 1 ft. 3 A. PA'TULA ; leaves somewhat linear-trigonal, blunt, quite smooth above, but rough from furrows beneath ; peduncles and calyxes pubescent. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma patula, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 786. Flowers white. Spreading Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 4 A. ERE'CTA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Juss.) leaves imbri- cate, trigonal, blunt, dotted beneath, a little fringed ; peduncles villous, short. J; • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma brevifolia, Lam. diet. 2. p. 285. Bucco brevifolia, Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 446. Flowers pale-violet. Erect Agathosma. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1 to 2ft. 5 A. REFLE'XA (Link. enum. 238.) leaves linear, acute, a little rcflexed at the apex, with rows of glands on the margin and beneath ; branches smooth. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma reflexa, Lodd. cat. D. C. prod. 1. p. 716. Flowers pale-violet? Rcflexed-leaved Agathosma. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 6 A. TENUISSIMA ; leaves scattered, erect, triquetrous, bluntish, smooth ; peduncles elongated, and are as well as the petals quite smooth. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma tenuissima, Lodd. in Link. enum. 1. p. 257. Flowers white. Slenderest Agathosma. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 7 A. THYOIDES ; leaves imbricate, linear-trigonal, smooth, blunt ; branches in whorls ; peduncles pubescent, aggregate, ter- minal. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma thyoides, Willd. in Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 462. Flowers lilac ? Cupressus-like Agathosma. Fl. Apr. Jul. Clt:? Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 8 A. VIRGA'TA ; shrub quite smooth, and much branched ; leaves trigonal, blunt, erect, very narrow ; keeled beneath. fj.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D. virgata, Lam. diet. 2. p. 286. Bucco Lamarkiana, Roem. et Schultz. syst. 5. p. 447. Flowers white. Twiggy Agathosma. Fl. Mar. Jul. Clt. 1820. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 9 A. PARVIFLORA ; leaves scattered, linear-trigonal, mucro- nate, smooth, obsoletely dotted ; pedicels aggregate, pubescent. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma parvi- flora, Willd. in Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 462. Flowers small, white. Small-flowered Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 10 A. BRUNIA'DES ; leaves scattered, linear-trigonal, awl- shaped, dotted, and a little fringed ; branches hairy ; peduncles fastigiate, elongated. Fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma bruniades, Link. enum. 237. A. cuspidata, Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Juss. Flowers lilac or white. Brunia-like Agathosma. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 11 A. ? TERETIFOLIA ; leaves linear, convex above, chan- nelled beneath, blunt, and are as well as the margins pubescent. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma teretifolia, Link. enum. 1. p. 237. Flowers unknown. Terete-leaved Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. * * Leaves broader, flattish. 12 A. THUNBERGIA'NA ; leaves imbricate, lanceolate, keeled, fringed, incurved at the apex; peduncles hairy, aggregate, ter- minal, tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma ciliata, Thunb. D. Thunbergiana, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 786. Flowers white ? Thunberg's Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 13 A. BIFIDA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Spreng.) leaves somewhat imbricate, linear-oblong, obtuse, fringed, keeled be- neath, dotted, smooth ; peduncles quite smooth, crowded ; petals deeply divided into 2 linear lobes. Pj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma bifida, Jacq. coll. 8. p. 278. t. 20. f. 1. Dichosma bifida, G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 85. Flowers white. Bifd-pemUed Agathosma. Fl. April, Jul. Clt. ? Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 14 A. LINIFOLIA (Licht. in Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 448. sub. Bucco,} leaves rather linear, acute, roughish, fringed, full of pellucid dots ; peduncles quite smooth. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma linif olia, Spreng. syst. 1 . p. 786. Flowers white ? Flax-leaved Agathosma. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1823. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 15 A. ELERIOIDES (Nees, in Schlecht. Linnaea. 5. p. 55.) erect ; branches densely leafy, pilose at the apex ; flowers rather um- bellate, terminal ; leaves elliptical, obtuse, coriaceous, with glan- dular, revolute margins ; bracteas minute ; peduncles hairy, bractless ; calyx hairy at the base ; petals obovate ; fertile sta- mens smooth, sterile ones petaloid and ciliated. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Blteria-like Agathosma. Shrub 1 foot. 16 A. MU'NDTII (Nees, in Schlecht. Linnaea. 5. p. 56.) much branched ; branches slender, densely leafy ; flowers rather um- bellate, terminal ; leaves spreading, on short footstalks ; brac- teas minute, form of an involucre to the flower ; peduncles smooth, filiform, naked ; sepals ovate, bluntish, smooth and finely ciliated ; petals oblong, obtuse, with the claws pubescent ; fertile stamens smooth, sterile ones narrow, petaloid, and ciliated. t? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. MundCs Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 17 A. PROUFERA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Juss. 1. c.) leaves spreading, lanceolate, cuspidate, keeled ; keel and edges fringed, dotted ; branches whorled, proliferous ; pedicels some- 5H8 788 RUTACEiE. XIII. AOATHOSMA. what fastigiate, pubescent ; calyxes smooth. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Bucco prolifera, Wendl. coll. 3. t. 77. Diosma prolifera, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 786. Flowers white. Proliferous-blanched Agathosma. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1790. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. ISA. SERPYLLA'CEA (Licht. in Room, et Schult. syst. 5. p. 447. under Bucco,) leaves crowded, erect, linear-lanceolate, with thickened, revolute, fringed, glandular margins ; branches and pedicels hairy. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma serpyllacea, D. C. prod. 1. p. 719. Diosma stricta, Willd. in Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 462. Flowers probably white. Wild Thyme-leaved. Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 19 A. CILIA'TA ; leaves scattered, lanceolate, acute, with tooth- letted-fringed, revolute edges, dotted beneath, and bearing hairs on the middle nerve, becoming at length reflexed ; pedicels smoothish ? ovaries hairy at the apex. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D. capitata, Dum. Cours. hot. cult. 2d. ed. 5. p. 405. Diosma ciliata, Lin. spec. 287. Flowers white. Fringed-leaved Agathosma. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 20 A. CEREFOLIA ; leaves crowded, lanceolate, acute, spread- ing, keeled, fringed ; pedicels and calyxes beset with glandular hairs ; ovaries smooth. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma cerefolium, Vent. malm. t. 93. Bucco cerefo- lium, Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 439. The leaves of this plant smell like chervil when bruised. Flowers small, white. Chervil-leaved Agathosma. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1790. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 21 A. E'LEGANS (Nees, in Schlecht. Linnaea. 5. p. 54.) much branched, and densely leafy ; branches very hairy at the apex ; flowers racemosely-corymbose ; leaves spreading, stalked, ovate, or oblong, revolute, hairy, with the margins beset with hairs and inconspicuous glands ; bracteas oblong, pubescent ; calyx pubes- cent ; sepals ovate, keeled, finely ciliated ; petals elliptical, ob- tuse, ciliated at the claws. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Fertile stamens smooth ; sterile ones ciliated to the middle, villous. Elegant Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 22 A. VENTEHATIA'NA; leaves scattered, lanceolate, keeled, hairy beneath, erect ; peduncles pilose ; ovaries bearing 2 glands at the apex. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma hirta, Vent. malm. t. 72. D. purpurea, Hortul. Diosma Ventenatiana, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 786. Bucco Ventenatiana, Room, et Schult. syst. 5. p. 442. Diosma glandulosa, Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 145. ? Flowers pale-purple. Var. J3, exsiccdta (Lam. diet. 2. p. 286. ill. t. 127. f. 3.) flowers whitish. Ventenat's Agathosma. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1794. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 23 A. LA'XA; leaves imbricate, incurved at the apex, lanceo- late, keeled, pubescent beneath : branches loose ; peduncles elongated, pubescent, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma laxa, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 787. Flowers purple ? Zoose-branched Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 24 A. LASIOPHY'LLA ; leaves imbricate, linear-lanceolate, in- curved at the apex and bluntish, hairy beneath ; branches a little whorled ; pedicels unequal, short, pubescent ; calyxes smoothish. \l . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. A. villosa, Willd. enum. 259. A. hirta, Ker. bot. reg. t. 309. Bucco villosa, Wendl. coll. 1. p. 14. t. 2. exclusive of the synonyme of Thunberg. Flowers purple. Leaves clothed with glandular villi. Woolly-leaved Agathosma. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1794. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 25 A. PUBE'SCENS ; leaves lanceolate, trigonal, mutic, with the margins and rib ciliated ; umbels terminal ; peduncles and calyxes villous. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma pubescens, Thunb. prod. 43. fl. cap. 134. Flowers white. Pubescent Agathosma. Fl. April, July. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 26 A. GIABRA'TA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Spreng.) plant quite smooth ; leaves imbricate, oblong-lanceolate, thickish, convex beneath, with a trigonal gibbosity at the apex ; peduncles rather elongated. ^ . G, Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma leiophylia, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 787. Flowers purple? Smooth Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 27 A. HY'BRIDA ; leaves spreading, oblong, obtuse, keeled, with a trigonal gibbosity at the apex ; keel and margins fringed ; peduncles and calyxes quite smooth. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma hy'brida, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 787. Flowers white ? Hybrid Agathosma. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 28 A. RUGOSA (Link. enum. 238.) leaves spreading, oblong or ovate, blunt, keeled, wrinkled, villous beneath, reflexed ; pedi- cels capillary, clothed with glandular hairs ; calyxes pubescent. I? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma ru«6sa, Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 138. A. mollis, Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Spreng. Flowers white. Wrinkled Agathosma. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1 790. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 29 A. OBTU'SA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Spreng. 1. c.) leaves scattered, spreading, oblong-lanceolate, blunt, somewhat keeled ; keel and margins fringed ; pedicels elongated, beset with glan- dular hairs ; ovaries smooth. fj • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma ciliata, Lam. diet. 2. p. 287. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 210. D. thymifolia, Willd. in Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 462. Bucco obtusa, Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 438. Flowers white and purplish. Var. a, ovata (D. C. prod. 1. p. 714.) leaves ovate,. crowded, upper ones bearing glandular hairs on the edges and on the mid- dle nerve beneath. Wendl. coll. 1. t. 13. A. pubescens, Willd. enum. p. 259. Far. fi, oblonga (Wendl. coll. 1. t. 14.) leaves oblong, upper ones bearing glandular hairs on the edges, as well as on the middle nerve beneath. Var. y, lanceolata (Ker. bot. reg. t. 476.) leaves lanceolate, fringed ; pedicels slenderer. Hart6gia lanceolata, Lin. syst. ed. 12. vol. 2. p. 625. Blunt-leaved. Agathosma. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 30 A. MICROPHY'LLA (Meyer in Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Spreng.) plant quite smooth ; leaves spreading, oblong, obtuse, keeled ; peduncles and. petals elongated. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma microphy'lla, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 787. Flowers reddish ? Small-leaved Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 31 A. OBBICULA'RIS ; leaves scattered, spreading, orbicular, ovate or reniform, smooth, reflexed, small, tliickish, without any dots beneath ; branches villous ; pedicels pubescent. fy . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma orbicularis, Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 146. Flowers white. Stamens twice as long as the corolla. Oriicwfor-leaved Agathosma. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1790. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 32 A. WENDLANDIA'NA; leaves oblong, acute, channelled, im- bricate, dotted, smooth, young ones rather pubescent ; umbels 2- 3-flowered ; pedicels pilose ; calyxes dotted, and petals smooth, fj .G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Bucco erecta, Wendl. coll. 1. p. 17. t. 3. Flowers white. Wendland's Agathosma. Fl. Ap. Jul. Clt. 1816. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 33 A. ? SPICA'TA (Licht. spic. fl. cap. mss.) leaves linear, with revolute edges, crowded in whorls ; flowers capitately-spiked. RUTACE^E. XIII. AGATIIOSMA. XIV. MACROSTYLIS. 789 f? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Bucco spicata. Roem. et Schult. 5. p. 448. Spike-Rowered Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 34 A. ? CORYMBOSA ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, fleshy, entire. 1? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma corymbosa, Mont, in Act. Lund. 1, 2. no. 11. Corymbose Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 35 A. PUNCTA'TA ; leaves orbicular, quite entire, 5-nerved, doited beneath, (j . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma punctaia, Lich. in Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 461. Dotted-leaved Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 36 A. ? PERFORA'TA ; leaves lanceolate, acuminate, a little fringed, the dots on the margin pellucid, and somewhat per- forated; umbels terminal, fy . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma perforata, Lam. ill. 2. p. 82. Perforated Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 37 A. MYRSINITES ; leaves lanceolate, flat, fringed ; umbels terminal ; peduncles smooth. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma myrsinites, Lam. ill. 2 .p. 82. — Seba, 2. t. 96. f. 6.? Whortle-berry-\\]ae Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. * * * Flowers terminal, subcapitate, 38 A. SQ.UAMMOSA ; leaves closely imbricated, roundish-ovate, blunt, concave, smooth, minutely fringed, with tubercles or scales beneath, f? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma squammosa, Willd. in Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 462. Flowers white. iScafy-leaved Agathosma. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 39 A. VESTITA ; leaves closely imbricated, ovate, acuminated, keeled, fringed ; pedicels quite smooth. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Bucco vestita, Licht. in Rcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 447. Diosma vestita, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 787. Flowers lilac. Clothed Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 40 A. IMBRICA'TA (Willd. enum. p. 260.) leaves imbricate, crowded, ovate, acuminated, dotted, fringed ; pedicels pubes- cent ; calyxes smoothish ; petals and stamens bearded on the inside at the base. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma imbricata, Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 145. Bucco imbricata, Wendl. coll. 1. t. 9. Hartogia imbricata, Lin. mant. 124. Petals pale-purple, with a roundish limb. Imbricate-leaved Agathosma. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 41 A. ACUMINAVTA (Willd. enum. p. 260.) leaves ovate, some- what cordate, long-acurninated, fringed, at length spreading ; peduncles villous ; calyxes smooth, glandular. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Bucco acuminata, Wendl. coll. 1. t. 28. Flowers white or pale-blue. dcuminated-leaved Agathosma. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1812. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 42 A. LYCOPODIOIDES ; leaves closely imbricate, ovate, cuspi- date, downy beneath ; stem dlchotomous; pedicels pubescent; petals roundish. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma lycopodioides, Willd. in Rcem. et Schult. 5. p. 461. Flowers white ? Lycopodium-like Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 43 A. APICULA'TA (Meyer in Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Spreng.) leaves crowded, much spreading, and somewhat re- flexed, ovate, somewhat cordate, awned, revolute, quite smooth, without dots ; segments of the calyx ovate, cuspidate. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma apiculata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 787. Flowers white or lilac ? Pointed- leaved Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 44 A. RUFE'SCENS ; leaves crowded, somewhat trigonal, awl- shaped, smooth, with thickened revolute margins ; pedicels and calyxes rufescent ; segments of calyx linear-lanceolate. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. A. rubrum, Willd. herb. Diosma rufescens, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 787. Flowers lilac. Rufescent Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 45 A. HI'RTA ; leaves somewhat imbricate, linear, awl-shaped, channelled, hairy on the back, decurrent ; flowers densely capi- tate. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma hirta, Lam. diet. 2. p. 286. Petals white, bearded at the claws. Hairy Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 46 A. OBTUSA'TA ; leaves aggregate, rather trigonal, obtuse, short, dotted, scabrous, rather imbricated ; flowers umbellate ; calyx scabrous, as well as the peduncles ; ovaries scabrous. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Bucco obtusata, Wendl. coll. 3. p. 7. t. 76. Rcem. et Schult. 5. p. 414. Flowers pale- flesh-coloured. Obtuse-leaved Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. Cult. These beautiful heath-like shrubs thrive best in a mixture of sand and peat, with the addition of a little turfy loam ; and young cuttings will strike root freely in a pot of sand, under a bell-glass, without heat. XIV. MACRO'STYLIS (from paKpos, macros, long, and trrvXos, stylos, a style ; style very long). Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 476. t. 20. no. 20. — Diosma species of authors. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogyma. Calyx 5-parted. Disk adnate to the base of the calyx, with a free thickened margin. Petals 5, gradually tapering into a broad claw, which is bearded on the inside. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals, exserted ; anthers globose, each furnished with a minute gland at the apex. Style oblong, exserted, tapering to the top into a minute 3-lobed stigma. Capsule of 3 conniving carpels, tapering at the top into a compressed horn each. — Small shrubs, with scattered, rarely opposite, dotted, somewhat keeled leaves. Flowers reddish, sub-umbellately aggregate at the tops of the branches. Pedun- cles short or very short, with bracteas at their base. 1 M. LANCEOLA'TA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Spreng.) leaves crowded, lanceolate, erect, acutish, smooth ; flowers capitate. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma barbata, Spreng. syst. l.p. 783. Agathosma barbata, Spreng. pug. 1. p. 20. Flowers white. Lanceolate-leaved Macrostylis. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1810. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 2 M. BARBI'GERA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Spreng.) leaves opposite, cordate, stem clasping, acute, smooth ; corymbs ter- minal, almost sessile. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma barbigera, Thunb. prod. 43. Lin. fil. suppl. 155. Flowers reddish, with a white beard. Beard-bearing Macrostylis. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 3 M. ? CORDA'TA ; leaves somewhat cordate, oblong, acute, fringed, recurved, imbricated. 17 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma cordata, Mart. hort. erl. enum. 67. Flowers white or reddish. CWate-leaved Macrostylis. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1823. Sh. 1 to 2 feet. 4 M. OBTU'SA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Spreng. 1. c.) leaves crowded, ovate, obtuse, much spreading, smooth ; flowers capi- tate, fy . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma obtusa, Meyer ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 783. Flowers reddish. Obtuse-leaved Macrostylis. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 5 M. sauARROsA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Spreng.) leaves scattered, ovate, obtuse, smoothish, squarrosely recurved. >j . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diosma squarrosa, Wendl. Flowers reddish. 790 RUTACEiE. XV. EMPLEURUM. XVI. CORR.EA. XVII. Squarrose-leaved. Macrostylis. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. Cult. These pretty little shrubs require the same treatment as that recommended for Agathosma. XV. EMPLELTRUM (from tv, en, in, and ir\tvpo>>, pleuron, the pleura or membrane which envelopes the lungs ; the seeds are attached to a sort of coriaceous membrane). Sol. in hort. kew. 3. p. 340. D. C. prod. 1. p. 718. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 476. t. 20. no. 21. LIN. SYST. Monoe'cia, Tctrdndria. Flowers monoecious or polygamous from abortion. Calyx permanent, 4-cleft. Disk and petals wanting. Filaments 4, awl-shaped ; anthers thick, longer than the filaments, each furnished with an immersed gland at the apex. Carpel 1, rarely 2, ending in a long horn, fur- nished on the inner side with the cylindrical tooth-like style and stigma, at length becoming like a legume, 2-valved, 1 -seeded from abortion. Seed shining. — A shrub, with alternate, linear- oblong, smooth leaves, which are covered with glandular dots beneath, and in the same way crenulated on the margins. Flowers axillary, solitary, twin or in threes ; peduncles short, furnished with bracteas at their base. 1 E. SERRULATUM (Sol. 1. c. Smith, exot. bot. 2. t. 63.) J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. E. Aitoni, Gmel. syst. 1. p. 268. Diosma unicapsularis, Lin. fil. suppl. 155. D. ensata, Thunb. prod. 43. Serrulate-\eaved Empleurum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1774. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. Cult. This shrub will grow freely in a mixture of sand and peat ; and cuttings will readily strike root if planted in a pot of sand, with a bell-glass placed over them, without heat. Tribe IV. DIO'SMEyE-AUSTRALA'SIC^E. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 477. Flowers regular. Petals free. Filaments free. Disk wanting. Stamens double the number of the petals, never abortive. Ovaries distinct. Seeds with a thickish cover. Embryo slender, terete, within a dense albumen, with a straight radicle and linear cotyledons. — Trees, but usually shrubs, with opposite and alternate, simple, ternate, but rarely impari-pinnate leaves, for the most part flat. Flowers axillary or terminal, sometimes, but rarely, sessile, within an involucre, usually stalked. Peduncles one or many-flowered, furnished with bracteas. Different parts of the plants are beset with scales or stellate hairs. All natives of New Holland and Van Diemen's Land. XVI. CORR^E'A (in honour of Joseph Correa de Serra, a learned Portuguese, who, without publishing much, was one of the most profound theoretical botanists of the age). Smith in Lin. trans. 4. p. 219. D. C. prod. 1. p. 719. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 478. t. 21. no. 22. LIN. SYST. Octandria, Monogynia. Calyx cup-shaped, 4- toothed or entire, permanent. Petals 4, somewhat connivent at the base or joined into a long tube. Stamens 8, equal or longer than the petals ; the 4 opposite them shortest ; filaments smooth, awl-shaped, or dilated above the base. Ovary 4-lobed, densely beset with stellate hairs, and as if it were furnished with a calyptra. Style 4-furrowed, smooth, terminated by a 4-lobed stigma. Fruit of 4 capsular carpels ; cells truncate, compressed. Seeds 2 or 3 in each cell, shining, fixed to the inside.— Shrubs, with opposite entire leaves, clothed with starry hairs. Pedicels 1 -flowered, solitary, twin or tern, axillary. * Breviflorce. D. C. prod. 1. p. 719. Petals more or less distinct, hardly half an inch long. 1 C. A'LBA (Andr. bot. rep. t. 18.) leaves ovate, downy be- neath ; teeth of calyx small, acute, distant. (7 . G. Native of New South Wales, Vent. malm. t. 13. C. cotinifolia, Sal. par. lond. t. 100. Corolla white. Leaves white or rufous beneath, and rather whitish above. Var. ft, rotundifblia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 719.) leaves ovate- roundish. C. rufa, Vent. malm. 13. in a note, no. 2. White-Aowered Correa. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1793. Shrub 10 feet. 2 C. RU'FA (Gaert. fruct. 3. p. 155. t. 210.) leaves ovate, or somewhat oblong, downy beneath ; teeth of calyx broad, very blunt. I? . G. Native of New South Wales. Mazeutoxeron rufum, Lab. voy. 2. p. 11. t. 17. Leaves clothed with rufous down beneath, and obscurely green above. Flowers white. -ft«/o«s-leaved Correa. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1819. Shrub 6 ft. * Longrflbrce. D. C. prod. 1. p. 719. Petals joined into a long, cylindrical, 4-toothed corolla. 3 C. SPECIOSA (Andr. bot. rep. t. 653.) leaves ovate, blunt, clothed with rusty down beneath ; flowers erect ; calyx truncate. I? . G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern coast. Ker. bot. reg. t. 26. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1746. Lois. herb. amat. t. 309. C. rilbra, Smith, exot. bot. 2. no. 26. C. revoluta, Vent, malm. no. 4. ? Corolla scarlet, yellowish-green inside. This is a truly shewy shrub, but now very common in gardens. Shervy Correa. Fl. year. Clt. 1806. Shrub 2 to 6 feet. 4 C. PULCHE'LLA (R. Br. mss. Sweet, fl. austr. t. 1.) leaves ovate, cordate, obtuse, waved, beset with stellate pubescence ; adult ones smooth ; flowers solitary, pendulous ; calyx truncate, entire ; corolla tubular, with the throat ciliated. ^ • G. Native of Kangaroo Island, on the south coast of New Holland. Lindl. bot. reg. 1224. Corolla of a bright-salmon colour. Neat Correa. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1824. Shrub 6 feet. 5 C. VI'RENS (Smith, exot. bot. 2. p. 25. t. 72.) leaves ovate- oblong, somewhat cordate, a little toothletted, beset with glan- dular tomentum ; flowers pendulous ; calyx with 4 acute teeth. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern and southern coast. C. viridiflora, Andr. bot. rep. t. 436. C. reflexa, Pers. ench. 1. p. 419. Mazeutoxeron reflexum, Lab. voy. 2. p. 66. t. 19. Corolla greenish, an inch or an inch and a half long. GVeen-flowered Correa. Fl. Nov. July. Clt. 1 800. Shrub 3 to 8 feet. Cult. Corrida is a genus of very shewy flowering shrubs. They will thrive well in an equal mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will strike root freely if planted thinly in a pot of sand, and a bell-glass placed over them, without heat. They are also increased by inarching the rarer on the commoner sorts. XVII. DIPLOL^E'NA (from &ir\ooc, diploos, double, and xXati-a, chlaina, a cloak ; in allusion to the double involucrum). R. Br. gen. rem. 14. Desf. in mem. mus. 3. p. 449. D. C. prod. 1. p. 719. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 479. LIN. SYST. Dccdndria, Monogynia. Involucrum double, outer one 5-lobed, inner 10-15-parted, longer than the outer one, imbricate, containing many flowers. Flowers sessile, fur- nished with a 5 -leaved chaffy calyx or involucel, or a 5-petalled corolla, naked or fringed. Stamens 10, exserted ; the 5 oppo- site the petals or sepals shortest ; filaments awl-shaped, fringed at the base ; anthers oblong. Style 5-furrowed, terminating in a blunt 5-lobed stigma. Fruit of 5 distinct, 2-valved, 1 -seeded carpels, transversely striated. Seeds oblong, cylindrical, almost like those of Corrafa. — Shrubs, with alternate oval leaves, full of glandular pellucid dots, and are, as well as the branches, peduncles, and leaflets of involucre, closely covered with starry down. The many-flowered involucre appears like one terminal pedicellate flower. 1 D. GRANDIFLORA (Desf. in mem. mus. 3. t. ] 9.) leaves oval, emarginate, hoary on both surfaces. J? . G. Native of New Hoi- RUTACE^E. XVII. DIPLOL^NA. XVIII. PHEBAUUM. XIX. PHILOTHECA. 791 land, on the western coast in Endracht Land, in the sand. Heads of flowers 2 inches in diameter. Great-lowered Diplolaena. Shrub 4 feet ? 2 D. DAMPIE'RI (Desf. 1. c. t. 20.) leaves obovate-oblong, emarginate, green, and smooth above, hoary beneath. T? . G. Na- tive along with the preceding. — Dampier, voy. 4. p. 141. t. 3. f. 3. Dampier's Diplolaena. Shrub 4 feet? Cult. These singular shrubs, none of which have as yet been introduced into our gardens, will perhaps grow freely in a mix- ture of sand and peat ; and ripened cuttings will probably strike root, if planted in a pot of sand with a bell-glass placed over them, without heat. XVIII. PHEBALIUM (from ipiftaXir), phibalee, a myrtle; habit of plants). Vent. malm. no. 102. D. C. prod. 1. p. 719. Andr. Juss. in mem. THUS. 12. p. 479. — Eriostemon, spec. Labill. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft or 5-tooth- ed (f. 123. a.), permanent. Petals 5, spreading (f. 123. b,~). Stamens 10 (f. 123. d. c.), the 5 opposite the petals shortest; filaments smooth, filiform or awl-shaped ; anthers versatile. Style 5-furrowed, smooth, terminated by an equal or broader 5-fur- rowed stigma (f. 123. a. e.~). Carpels 5 (f. 123./.), capsular, girded by the calyx; carpels 2-valved, 1 -seeded. Ovaries smooth or densely clothed with scales or hairs, calyptrate. — Trees, but usually shrubs, with alternate, simple, subovate or linear leaves, entire, or a little crenated, full of pellucid dots. Flowers corym- bose, terminal, and axillary ; pedicels bracteate. Flowers small, yellowish. Divers parts of plants covered with scales or starry down. Petals in the bud valvate. 1 P. CORRE/EFOLIUM (Andr. Juss. in mem. soc. hist. nat. par. vol. 2. t. 10.) leaves lanceolate, ovate, scabrous above, but clothed with starry down beneath ; peduncles axillary, tern. T? . G. Native of New Holland. P. ov&.tum, Sieb. pi. exsic. Corruea-leaved Phebalium. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 2 P. HEXAPE'TALUM (Andr. Juss. in mem. soc. hist. nat. vol. 2. t. 11. f. 1.) leaves oblong, obtuse, clothed with starry hairs on both surfaces ; peduncles terminal, crowded ; flowers 6-pe- talled, 12-anthered. Tj . G. Native of New Holland. Six-petalled Phebalium. Shrub 4 feet. 3 P. SQUAMULOSUM (Vent. malm. t. 102.) leaves linear-lan- ceolate, acute, scaly beneath, as well as the flowers ; flowers ter- minal, umbellate ; stamens exserted. T? • G. Native of New Holland, on mountains on the eastern coast. Eriostemon lepi- dotum, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 322. Scaly Phebalium. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1 824. Shrub 3 feet. 4 P. A'NCEPS (D. C. prod. 1. p. FIG. 123. 720. Andr. Juss. 1. c. t. 12. f. 2.) leaves spatulate-lanceolate, smoothish, obtuse, young ones co- vered with scales on both sur- faces, adult ones nearly naked ; flowers terminal, corymbose, scaly; stamens not exserted. Pj . G. Na- tive of New Holland, on the east- ern coast. Eriostemon anceps. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 164. Two-edged Phebalium. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 5 P. BILLARDIE'RII (Andr. Juss. in mem. soc. hist. nat. par. vol. 2. p. 12.) leaves lanceolate, quite en- tire, covered with rufous or silvery scales beneath ; branches angular ; peduncles axillary, trifid, 3-flowered ; stamens exserted. Native of New Holland. Eriostemon squammeum, Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 111. t. 141. .P. eleagnoides, Sieb. pi. exsic. 1 Jj.G. La Billardier's Phebalium. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1822. Shrub 5 to 7 feet. 6 P. ELEAGNIFOLIUM (Andr. Juss. in mem. soc. hist. nat. par. vol. 2. t. 11. f. 2.) leaves linear, blunt, with rows of dots above, and covered with rufous silvery scales beneath ; peduncles ter- minal and axillary, umbellate ; stamens exserted. fj . G. Native of New Holland. P. anceps, Sieb. pi. exsic. Eleugnus-lcaved Phebalium. Shrub 3 to 5 feet. 7 P. SALICIFOLIUM (Andr. Juss. in mem. soc. hist. nat. vol. 2. t. 12. f. 1.) leaves linear-lanceolate, crenated, covered be- neath with starry powdery down ; flowers axillary, umbellate ; stamens exserted. 1? . G. Native of New Holland. Willow-leaved Phebalium. Clt. 1 824. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 8 P. PHYLICOIDES (Sieb. pi. exsic. in Spreng. syst. app. p. 164.) leaves linear, short, obtuse, rough, revolute beneath; branches straight, hispid ; flowers in terminal fascicles ; stamens exserted. Tj . G. Native of New Holland. P. diosmeum, Andr. Juss. in mem. soc. hist. nat. vol. 2. t. 11. f. 3. Phylica-like Phebalium. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 9 P. AU'REUM (Cuningh. in Field's new south wales, p. 331. with a figure,) leaves linear-oblong, narrow, obtuse, a little emar- ginate, revolute, covered with rusty scales beneath ; corymbs terminal and lateral ; peduncles and branchlets rusty. Jj . G. Native of New South Wales, on the Blue Mountains, in bleak exposed situations. Shrub branching. Flowers golden. Golden Phebalium. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 ft. 10 P. LACHNOIDES (Cuningh. in Field's new south wales, p. 332.) leaves scattered, linear, even, hooked, acutish, white be- neath, with revolute edges ; flowers axillary, disposed in heads near the extremities of the branches. T? . G. Native of New Holland, on Blackheath in the Blue Mountains, in bare rocky situations. A tall, handsome shrub. Flowers yellow. Lachneea-like Phebalium. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1824. Shrub 6 feet. IIP. ELA'TUM (Cuningh. in Field's new south wales, p. 331.) leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, silvery be- neath ; corymbs axillary, divided, stalked ; branches covered with rusty scales. Jj . G. Native of New South Wales, on shaded declivities in the vicinity of Spring Wood. A slender arborescent plant. Flowers yellow. Tall Phebalium. Clt. 1825. Shrub 10 feet. Cult. An equal mixture of sandy loam and peat is the best soil for the plants belonging to this genus, but care must be taken not to over water them ; they delight in an airy situation, and not to be crowded among other plants. Cuttings will strike root freely in a pot of sand, with a bell-glass placed over them, without heat. XIX. PHILOTHFCA (from ^t\»s, psilos, [error ^(Xoc,] smooth, and •S'qKi), theke, a sheath ; in allusion to the tube of the stamens being smooth). Rudge in Lin. trans. 11. p. 298. D. C. prod. 1. p. 721. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 480. t. 21. no. 23. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, unguiculate. Stamens 10, the 5 opposite the petals shortest, all a little shorter than the petals, flat, joined from the base to the middle into a smoothish tube, but hairy in the free part ; anthers heart-shaped, oscillatory, each furnished with a short appendage at the apex. Style 5-furrowed, somewhat spindle- shaped, hispid, terminated by a capitate 5-furrowed stigma. Fruit of 5 1 -seeded carpels, joined together on the inside. — Heath-like shrubs, with alternate, linear, short, simple, dotted leaves, which are somewhat umbricate, and convex beneath. Pe- duncles solitary, axillary or terminal, 1-flowered, furnished with minute scale-like bracteas. 1 P. AUSTRA'LIS (Rudge in Lin. trans. 11. p. 298. t. 21.) 792 RUTACE,E. XX. CROWEA. XXI. ERIOSTEMON. leaves very numerous, linear, somewhat imbricate, convex be- neath; pedicels axillary. Jj . G. Native of New South Wales, about Port Jackson. Eriostemon salsolifolia, Smith in Rees' cycl. 13. no. 3. Flowers pale-red. Southern Philotheca. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1822. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 2 P. GAUDICHA'UDII ; leaves scattered ; peduncles terminal ? Tj . G. Native of New Holland. Gaudichaud's Philotheca. Shrub 2 feet. Cult. These pretty shrubs require the same treatment as that recommended for Phebalium. XX. CRO'WEA (in honour of James Crowe, of Norwich, an excellent British botanist, and a great collector of willows). Smith, in Lin. trans. 4. p. 220. D. C. prod. l.p. 720. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 481. t. 21. no. 24. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogijnia. Calyx 5-parted, per- manent. Petals 5, sessile. Stamens 10, the 5 opposite the petals shortest, all shorter than the petals, linear, fringed, lying close together so as to form a tube ; anthers oblong, cordate, adnate, drawn out at the apex into a long, bearded appendage. Style 5-furrowed, smooth, terminated by a capitate, 5-furrowed stigma. Fruit of 5 joined, 1 -seeded carpels. — Shrubs with al- ternate, quite entire, lanceolate leaves, running down the stem a little at the base, and full of pellucid dots. Branches triquetrous. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, furnished with minute, im- bricate bracteas at their base. Calyx and petals convolute in the bud. 1 C. SALIGNA (Andr. bot. rep. t. 79.) leaves lanceolate. Jj . G. Native of New South Wales. Sims, bot. mag. t. 989. Vent, malm. t. 7. Corolla pale-purple or rather pink. Calyx and petals smooth. WiMorv-leaved Crowea. Fl. July, Dec. Clt. 1 790. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 2 C. LATIFO'LIA (Lodd. cat. 1824.) leaves ovate-lanceolate. ^ . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers pale-purple or pink. Broad-leaved Crowea. Fl. Jul. Dec. Clt. 182*. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. Cult. These beautiful shrubs require the same treatment as that recommended for Phebalium. XXI. ERIOSTEVMON (from epiov , erion, woolly, and orq/jwr, stcmon, a stamen ; stamens woolly). Smith, in Lin. trans. 4. p. 221. D. C. prod. 1. p. 720. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 481. t. 21. no. 25. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, per- manent. Petals 5, marcescent as well as the stamens. Stamens 10, the 5 opposite the petals shortest, all shorter than the petals, free, flat, hispid, fringed, tapering to the apex into a thread, which bears the anthers ; anthers heart-shaped, appendiculate at the apex. Style 5-furrowed, very short, hispid or smooth, ter- minated by a capitate, 5-furrowed stigma. Fruit of 5 carpels, which are joined together at the base, each containing 1, rarely 2 seeds. — Shrubs with alternate, entire, simple leaves, sometimes ending in a callose point, full of pellucid dots. Peduncles axil- lary, 1-flowered, covered with imbricate bracteas, or furnished with opposite or whorled ones on the middle. Sometimes the peduncles are divided into 2-5 pedicels, furnished with bracteas at their base. Calyx and petals convolute in the bud. 1 E. BUXIFOLIUM (Smith, in Rees' cyclo. 13. no. 2.) leaves elliptical, smooth ; middle nerve very prominent, and is drawn out at the apex into a strong, recurved mucrone ; branches round, pilose ; flowers axillary, almost sessile, smooth ; filaments hispid. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, about Port Jackson. Flowers pink or rose-coloured. Far. a, ob.vatum; leaves obovate, tapering to the base, glan- dularly crenated. Var. ft, ellipticum ; leaves broadly elliptical, cordate at the base, somewhat stem-clasping, usually entire, and glandular. Box-leaved Eriostemon. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1822. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 2 E. SALICIFOLIUM (Smith, in Rees' cycl. 13. no. 1.) leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, smooth ; branches triquetrous ; flowers axillary, almost sessile, solitary ; calyxes and petals hoary on the outside ; filaments hispid. Jj . G. Native of New Holland, about Port Jackson. Rudge, in Lin. trans. 11. t. 26. Hook, bot. mag. 2854. Flowers pink. Habit of Crowea. Crowea scabra, Graham, in edinb. phil. journ. 1827. p. 174. Willow-leaved Eriostemon. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1822. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 3 E. MYOPOROIDES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 720.) leaves linear-lan- ceolate, quite entire, smooth, dotted with glands, and terminated by a callose mucrone ; branches round ; peduncles axillary, trifid, 3-flowered ; calyxes and petals smooth ; filaments a little fringed on the margin. Jj . G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern coast. Flowers rose-coloured. Myoporum-like Eriostemon. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 4 E. LINEARIFOLIUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 720.) leaves linear, obtuse, quite entire, smooth, covered with glandular dots ; pe- duncles axillary and terminal, 3-flowered. fj . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers rose-coloured. Linear-leaved Eriostemon. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 5 E. OBOVA'EE (Cuningh. in Field's new south wales, p. 331.) leaves oboval, wedge-shaped, or broadly spatulate, refuse, con- cave, stalked, smooth, fleshy, terminating in a short mucrone ; flowers solitary, terminal, or axillary. F? . G. Native of New Holland, on the verge of the Regent's Glen, Blue Mountains. Flowers rose-coloured. Oboval-\eaved Eriostemon. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 6 E. CUSPID A'TUM (Cuningh. in Field's new south wales, p. 331.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, rather glaucous, ending in a hooked mucrone ; racemes umbellate, 4-5-flowered, axillary or terminal. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, on rocky hills at Cox's River. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1247. Flowers rose-coloured or pink. A shrub of strong growth. jPoinicrf-leaved Eriostemon. Fl. Jul. Oct. Clt. 1823. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 7 E. NERIIFOLIUM (Sieb. ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 164.) leaves lanceolate, marginate, mucronate, dotted ; peduncles axillary, 3-flowered ; filaments bearded. Tj . G. Native of New Hol- land. Flowers rose-coloured or pink. Oleander-leaved Eriostemon. Shrub 3 feet. 8 E. HISPIDULUM (Sieb. ex Spreng. 1. c.) leaves somewhat spatulate, mucronate, callosely crenate, hispid above, and clothed with starry villi beneath ; peduncles 1-flowered. ^. G. Na- tive of New Holland. Flowers rose-coloured or pink. His/rid-leaved Eriostemon. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 9 E. CORYMBOSUM (Labill. nov. cal. p. 59. t. 58.) leaves large, oblong, silky as well as covered with brown scales beneath ; corymbs terminal; filaments hairy; anthers naked at the apex. Tj . G. Native of New Caledonia. Flowers dark-coloured. Corymbose-fiovtered Eriostemon. Tree 18 to 24 feet. 10 E. LANCEOLATUM (Gaert. fruct. 3. p. 154. t. 210.) leaves lanceolate, rather wrinkled. J? . G. Native of New Holland. E. australdsicum, Smith, in Lin. trans. 4. p. 221. Flowers rose- coloured. Lanccolate-]eaved Eriostemon. Clt. 1823. Shrub 1 to 3 ft. Cult. Eriostemon is a genus of beautiful shrubs with pink flowers, which deserve to be cultivated in every collection of greenhouse shrubs. They require the same treatment as that recommended for Phebalium, see p. 791. RUTACE^E. XXII. BORONIA. 793 XXII. BORO'NIA (named after Francis Borone, an Italian servant of Dr. Sibtborp, who perished from an accident at Athens, he collected specimens of many of those plants which are figured in the Flora Graeca). Smith, tracts, p. 285. D. C. prod. 1. p. 721. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 483. t. 22. no. 26. LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted or 4- cleft, permanent. Petals 4, marcescent. Stamens 8, the 4 op- posite the petals shortest, all shorter than the petals, free, fringed, or tubercled, linear, usually dilated at the top, whence a very short thread rises, bearing the anther ; anthers heart-shaped, usually with a short appendage at the apex. Styles 4, erect, smooth, approximate or joined together, terminated by an equal or capitate 4-furrowed stigma. Fruit of 4 2-valved carpels. Seeds ovate, compressed, usually one in each carpel. — Shrubs with opposite, simple, or impari-pinnate leaves, entire, or a little serrulated, full of pellucid dots. Peduncles terminal but usually axillary on the extreme branches, 1 to many-flowered. Pedicels furnished at the base and middle with 2 opposite, short bracteas, jointed, commonly dilated under the calyx. Flowers rose, pur- plish, or reddish, with a pleasant sweet scent. * Leaves impari-pinnate, terminal leaflet sessile. 1 B. PINNA' TA (Smith, 1. c. t. 4.) leaflets 2-3-4 pairs, linear, acute, quite smooth ; peduncles dichotomous ; flowers octandrous. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, about Port Jackson. Andr. hot. rep. t. 58. Vent. malm. t. 38. Sims, bot. mag. 1. 1763. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 473. Flowers pink, with a scent like that of hawthorn. Pinnate-leaved Boronia. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1794. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 2 B. PSORALEOIDES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 721.) leaflets 1 or 2 pairs, and are as well as the branches quite smooth, but beset with glandular dots, linear, obtuse ; peduncles short, 1 -flowered; flowers tetrandrous. J? . G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast. Flowers small, pale-red. Psoralea-like Boronia. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 3 B. TETRA'NDRA (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 98. t. 125.) leaflets 4 or 5 pairs, linear, obtuse, smooth ; branches pilose ; pedicels short, 1 -flowered ; flowers tetrandrous. fy.G. Native of New Holland, in Van Leuwin's Land. Flowers pale-purple. 7ej . G. Native of New Holland, about Port Jackson. Z. laevigata, Bonpl. nav. p. 64. has the peduncles as long as the leaves, therefore it is probably a distinct plant. Flowers white, downy, like a piece of woollen cloth. Smooth Zieria. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1822. Shrub 2 to 3 ft. 6 Z. CYTISOIDES (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 4.) branches downy ; leaflets obovate, downy on both surfaces ; peduncles trifid, bearing leaves. Tj . G. Native of New South Wales. Flowers white. Leaflets entire, slightly revolute. Petals downy. Cytisus-like Zieria. Tree 24 feet. 7 Z. ARBORE'SCENS (Sims, bot. mag. 1398. in a note) stem arboreous ; leaflets downy beneath, without dots ; peduncles longer than the petioles. T? . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers white. Arborescent Zieria. Tree 20 feet. 8 Z. MICROPHY'LLA (Bonpl. nav. p. 64.) branches silky ; leaflets linear, revolute, smooth above but silky beneath ; pedun- cles usually 3-flowered. Tj . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers white. Small-leaved Zieria. Fl. April, Jul. Clt. 1822. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 9 Z. PAUCIFLORA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 3.) branches and petioles hairy ; leaflets linear-obovate, sometimes with revolute edges ; peduncles 1 or 3-flowered ; lobes of calyx lanceolate, acute, t; . G. Native of New Holland, about Port Jackson. Flowers small, white. Petals dotted with starry hairs. Few-flowered Zieria. Fl. April, Jul. Clt. 1822. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 10 Z. PILOSA (Rudge, in Lin. trans. 10. p. 293. t. 17. f. 2.) leaflets lanceolate, hairy beneath ; peduncles 1-flowered. fj . G. Native of New Holland, about Port Jackson. Flowers white. Pi/cwe-leaved Zieria. Fl. April, Jul. Clt. 1822. Sh. 1 to 3 ft. 11 Z. HIRSU'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 723.) branches, petioles, and capsules hairy ; leaflets oblong-linear, 3-times longer than the petioles, hairy beneath, and slightly revolute on the edges ; peduncles 1-flowered. Vj . G. Native of New Holland on the Blue Mountains. Flowers white. Hairy Zieria. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 12 Z. OCTA'NDRA (Sweet, fl. aust. icon, ined.) stem arbores- cent, leaflets obovate, thickish, smooth ; peduncles axillary, co- RUTACE^E. XXIV. MELICOPE. XXV. EVODIA. XXVI. ESENBECKIA. XXVII. METRODOREA, &c. 795 rymbose. Tj • G. Native of New Holland. Flowers green, octandrous, by which it differs from the rest. Octandrous Zieria. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1 Tree 12 feet. Cult. Many of the species of Zieria are very pretty. An equal mixture of loam and peat suits them best ; and young cuttings, planted in a pot of sand, with a bell-glass placed over them, will strike root freely. Tribe V. DIO'SME^l-AMERICA'N^;. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 484. Flowers regular. Petals free. Stamens equal or double the number of the petals. Disk surrounding the ovaries or wanting. Embryo with the radicle pointing towards the hylum, short, straight, with large, ovate cotyledons. Albumen fleshy, rarely wanting. — Trees and shrubs, with opposite or alternate, simple, bifoliate, or ternate leaves. Flowers axillary or terminal, panicled, racemose, or corymbose. XXIV. MELI'COPE (from fu\i, meli, honey, and Koxn, kope, a division ; in allusion to the 4 didymous honey-glands at the base of the ovaries). Forst. gen. no. 28. D. C. prod. 1. p. 723. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 485. Entoganum, Banks, Gsert. LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, per- manent. Petals 4, spreading, unguiculate. Stamens 8, shorter than the petals ; filaments awl-shaped ; anthers rather heart- shaped. Ovaries 4, ovate, girded at the base by 4 large, didy- mous glands. Styles 4, connected together, terminated by a thickish, tetragonal stigma. Fruit of 4 1 -seeded carpels. — A shrub with opposite, ternate leaves, full of pellucid dots. 1 M. TERNA'TA (Forst. gen. no. 28. Lam. ill. t. 245.). Tj.G. Native of New Zealand. Entoganum Isevigktum, Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 331. t. 68. Flowers white. Ternafc-leaved Melicope. Clt. 1 822. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. This shrub will grow freely in a mixture of loam and peat ; and young cuttings will root, if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them. XXV. EVODIA (from evoSia, evodia, a sweet smell). Forst. gen. t. 7. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 1 and 6 in a note. Andr. Juss. mem. mus. 12. p. 485. t. 22. no. 28. LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, per- manent. Petals 4, shorter than the sepals ; filaments awl-shaped ; anthers heart-shaped, oscillatory. Ovaries 4, smooth, surrounded at the base by a cup-shaped, 4-lobed disk. Styles 4, connected together, short, terminated by a 4-lobed stigma. Fruit of 4 cap- sular, 2-valved, 1 -seeded carpels, but usually fewer than 4 from abortion. — A shrub with a grateful smell. Leaves opposite, sometimes simple, sometimes trifoliate on the same branch, full of pellucid dots. Flowers minute, white ? disposed in oblong, axillary panicles ; pedicels furnished with bracteas. Petals val- vnte in the bud. 1 E. HORTE'NSIS (Forst. gen. p. 14. t. 7.) leaves simple or trifoliate ; leaflets lanceolate, pubescent as well as the branches ; panicles longer than the petioles and leaves. Tj . G. Native of the Friendly Islands and the New Hebrides. Fagara Evodia, Lin. fil. suppl. 125. Garden Evodia. Shrub 6 feet. 2 E. DRUPA'CEA (Lab. nov. cal. p. 73. t. 75.) leaflets 3, ses- sile, obovate-oblong, smooth ; drupe 4-seeded ; corymbs axil- lary, dichotomous. ^ • G. Native of New Caledonia. Calyx 4-toothed. Petals 4. Drupaceous Evodia. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. These shrubs are worth cultivating for their grateful scent. They will thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and young cuttings will strike root if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them, in heat. XXVI. ESENBE'CKIA (in honour of Nees Von Esen- beck, Professor of Botany at Bonn). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 246. t. 655. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 486. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, per- manent. Petals 5, spreading, inserted under the disk. Stamens 5, inserted with the petals, shorter, and alternating with them ; filaments awl-shaped, smooth ; anthers heart-shaped. Ovary sessile, tubercled, 5-lobed, 5-celled, surrounded by a fleshy, cup-shaped disk at the insertion of the stamens; each cell con- taining 2 ovulae, only one of which comes to perfection. Styles 5, connected together, rising from between the lobes of the ovary, terminated by a somewhat capitate stigma. — Trees with alternate, simple, or ternate, quite entire leaves, full of pellucid dots. Racemes axillary and terminal, compound ; peduncles and pedicels furnished with bracteas. Flowers full of glandular dots. Petals imbricate in the bud. 1 E. PILOCARPOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves simple, oblong-lanceolate, acute ; petioles margined ; racemes com- pound, pubescent ; petals roundish, full of glandular dots ; ovary tubercled. Tj . S. Native of New Andalusia. Pilo- carpus Humboldtii, Spreng. syst. app. 126. Pilocarpus-like Esenbeckia. Tree 60 feet. 2 E. FEBRI'FUGA (St. Hil. pi. usu. bras. t. 4. fl. bras. 1. p. 79. under Evodia,) stem arboreous ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets lanceolate-elliptic, rather acuminated ; panicle terminal, pubes- cent ; flowers 5-petalled ; ovary simple, warted. T? • S. Na- tive of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, where it is called Tres Folhas vermelhas and Larangeira do Mato. The bark is febrifugal, and answers as well as Peruvian bark. Febrifugal Esenbeckia. Fl. Feb. Tree 40 feet. Cult. The species will grow well in a mixture of sandy loam and peat ; and cuttings will strike root if planted in a pot of sand, placed under a hand-glass, in heat. XXVII. METRODO'REA (in memory of Metrodoro Sabino, who was the first, according to Pliny, to illustrate plants by figures). St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 81. t. 16. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 487. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, much longer than the calyx, spreading, inserted beneath the disk. Stamens 5, inserted in the disk, very short ; filaments awl-shaped, reflexed ; anthers heart-shaped. Ovary buried in the disk, and confused in its substance, tubercled, 5-lobed, 5- celled, each cell containing 2 ovute. Style rising from between the lobes of the ovary, very short, dilated at the apex into a blunt stigma. — A shrub, with simple, rarely bifoliate, opposite, entire leaves, full of pellucid dots, with appendages at the base of the petioles. Panicles terminal or lateral ; partial peduncles and pedicels furnished with bracteas. Flowers small, full of glandular dots, dark -purple. Edges of petals bent inwards. 1 M. NIGRA (St. Hil. 1. c.) Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro. Leaves repand, tapering to both ends. Z?/ac£-flowered Metrodorea. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. See last genus for cultivation and propagation. XXVIII. PILOCA'RPUS (from TT.AOC, pilos, a cap, and /capTTOc, karpos, a fruit; shape of fruit). Vahl, eclog. 1. p. 29. St. Hill. bull, philom. 1823. p. 130. Nees et Mart. nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 176. t. 19. f. 1. D. C. prod. 1. p. 728. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 488. t. 22. no. 29. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-toothed. Petals 5, broadest at the base, reflexed, inserted round the base of the disk. Stamens 5, inserted a little higher up than the 5 i2 \ 796 RUTACE^. XXVIII. PILOCARPUS. XXIX. HORTIA. XXX. CHOISYA. XXXI. SPIRANTHERA. petals, and longer ; filaments awl-shaped, reflexed. Anthers roundish. Ovaries 5, minute, connected, smooth. Styles 5, rising from beneath the top of the ovaries, connected at the top into a 5-lobed broader stigma. Fruit of 5 small 1 -seeded car- pels, immersed in the base of the gynophore, and has the ap- pearance of a single ovary ; but there are sometimes fewer than 5 from abortion. Albumen wanting. Cotyledons thick, with a short radicle — Shrubs of humble growth, with alternate or oppo- site, simple, bi or trifoliate leaves. Racemes terminal, or at last lateral ; pedicels spreading, furnished with bracteas. Flowers greenish or purplish, full of glandular dots. Petals valvate in the bud. 1 P. RACEMOSA (Vahl. eclog. 1. p. 29. t. 10.) smooth ; leaves crowded, elliptical, rounded at the apex ; flowers disposed in a terminal raceme. T; . S. Native of the island of Montserrat, on the mountains. — Plum. ed. Burm. p. 119. t. 127. Branches pendulous. Flowers greenish. .Racemose-flowered Pilocarpus. Shrub 6 feet. 2 P. SPICA TA (St. Hil. in bull, philom. 1823. p. 131. pi. rem. bras. p. 146. t. 16.) smooth ; leaves oblong -lanceolate, or ellip- tical-lanceolate, bluntly acuminated ; flowers spiked, somewhat approximate, on very short pedicels. 1? . S. Native of Brazil, at Cabo Frio in woods. P. parvifldrus, Nees et Mart, in nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 177. t. 30. Flowers small, pale. Spiked- flowered Pilocarpus. Shrub 4 feet. 3 P. PAUCIFLORA (St. Hil. bull, philom. 1823. p. 131. pi. rem. bras. p. 147. fl. bras. 1. p. 83. t. 17.) leaves lanceolate, obtuse, acuminated ; petioles thickened, jointed ; racemes few- flowered ; rachis, pedicels, and bracteas puberulous. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Catharine. St. Hil. pi. rem. bras. 1. p. 147. Flowers purplish. Few-flowered Pilocarpus. Shrub 4 feet. Cult. See Esenbeckia for cultivation and propagation. XXIX. HO'RTIA (in honour of the Count de Horta, a Por- tuguese nobleman). Vand. in Roem. script, bras. 188. D. C. prod. 1. p. 732. St. Hil. pi. usu. bras. p. 17. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 489. t. 22. no. 30. St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 80. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx cup-shaped, bluntly 5-toothed, permanent. Petals 5, bearded above the base on the inside, uncmately acuminated at the apex, and re- flexed, inserted in the disk. Stamens 5, inserted above the petals, and scarcely longer ; filaments erect, covered with glan- dular tubercles ; anthers linear-ovate, adnate. Ovary smooth, pentagonal, 5-celled, seated on the disk, which is broader, de- pressed, and glandular. Style conical, thickest at the apex, ter- minated by a coloured 5-furrowed stigma. Capsule 5-4-2-cell- ed ; cells 1-2 -seeded. Embryo slender, straight, in a fleshy albumen, with large, obovate cotyledons, and a short superior radicle. — A small shrub, having the appearance of DdphneLau- reola, with large, alternate, simple leaves, full of pellucid dots, as well as the petals. Branches terminal, corymbosely many- flowered ; peduncles thick, and are, as well as the pedicels, fur- nished with bracteas. Flowers cymose, terminal, rose-coloured. Petals convolute in the bud. 1 H. BRASILIA'NA (Vand. 1. c.) f? . S. Native of Brazil, where it is commonly called Quina, The bark is bitter and astringent, and is used for the same purposes as Peruvian bark. Brazilian Hortia. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. Cult. See Esenbeckia for cultivation and propagation. XXX. CHOI'SYA (in honour of M. Choisy, a Genevese botanist, author of several papers in De Candolle's, Prodromus). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 4. t. 513. D. C. prod. 1. p. 724. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 490. — Plenckia, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. but not of Rafin. LIN. SYST. Dectindria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 deciduous sepals. Petals 5, somewhat unguiculate. Stamens 10, shorter than the petals ; filaments awl-shaped, the 5 shortest opposite the petals ; anthers heart-shaped, blunt. Ovaries 5, connected, pubescent, inserted in the gynophore, each containing 2 ovulae. Styles 5, connected, hispid, shorter than the stamens, terminated by a 5-lobed capitate stigma. — A shrub, with opposite, ternate, stalked leaves, full of pellucid dots; petioles channelled beneath. Peduncles axillary at the tops of the branches, simple, trifid, or somewhat umbellately few-flowered, bearing large deciduous bracteas at the base, and at the divisions under the pedicels. Corolla white, and is, as well as the calyx, full of glandular dots. 1 C. TERNA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. t. 513.) Tj . S. Native of Mexico. In Kunth's specimen, the ovaries are truly con- nected, but in that of Andr. Juss. they are partly distinct. Ternaie-leaved Choisya. Clt. 1825. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. This beautiful shrub will grow freely in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat ; and rather ripened cuttings will strike root if planted thinly in a pot of sand under a hand-glass, in heat. Tribe VI. CUSPARIE*^ (plants agreeing with Cusparia in important characters). D. C. in mem. mus. 9. p. 141. — Fraxinellae, Nees et Mart, in nov. act. bonn. vol. xi. Andr. Juss. mem. mus. 12. p. 490. Flowers regular or usually anomalous. Petals 5, free, but usually connected into a labiate, campanulate, or funnel- shaped corolla. In the polypetalous flowers the stamens are alternate with the petals, and free ; in the monopetalous flowers the filaments are free, but usually adhering to the tube of the. corolla, sometimes all bearing anthers, sometimes 2-5 of which are barren. Disk urceolar, girding the ovaries at the base. Ovaries equal in number to the petals, distinct, rarely connected in one, each containing 2 ovulae. Styles connected at the top or middle, or in one. Seeds with a thin covering. Embryo desti- tute of albumen, with large, short, or usually corrugated cotyle- dons, the outer one wrapped round the inner one, bearing 2 auricles on each side, and covering the radicle. — Trees and shrubs, rarely herbs. Leaves alternate, rarely nearly opposite, simple, but usually trifoliate ; leaflets lanceolate and obtuse, quite entire. Flowers disposed in terminal or axillary racemes. Di- verse parts frequently bitter. XXXI. SPIRANTHERA (from arreipa, speira, a spire, and avSijpa, anthera, an anther ; anthers spirally twisted). St. Hil. bull, philom. 1823. p. 130. pi. rem. bras. 1. p. 148. t. 17. D. C. prod. 1. p. 728. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 491. t. 23. no. 32. — Terpnanthus, Neeset Mart. nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 152. and 177. t. 19. f. K. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx short, 5-cleft. Petals 5, very long, free, linear, somewhat falcate, rather un- equal. Stamens 5, a little shorter than the petals, free ; fila- ments filiform, tubercled ; anthers linear, at length becoming spirally revolute. Ovaries 5, villous, connected at the base, and stipitate, girded by the bell-shaped disk. Styles 5, rising from the inner angles of the ovaries, joined in one, longer than the petals, hispid at the base, terminated by a 5-lobed capitate stigma. Fruit of 5, or fewer carpels, connected at the base — A small shrub, with alternate, stalked, ternate, exstipulate leaves. Peduncles axillary at the tops of the branches, naked below, but trifid and 3-flowered at the top, or terminal corym- bose ; pedicels furnished with 1 or 3 bracteas. Flowers shewy, white, with a tinge of rose-colour, very sweet-scented. 1 S. ODORATI'SSIMA (St. Hil. 1. c.) ^ . S. Native of Brazil. Terpnanthus Jasminodorus, Nees et Mart, in act. bonn. xi. p. . XXXII. GALIPEA. 797 178. t. 31. The flowers have the scent of those of Jasmlnum officinale. Very-srveet-scented Spiranthera. Clt. 1 823. Shrub 3 or 4 ft. Cult. See Choisya for cultivation and propagation. XXXII. GALITEA (the name of G. trifoliata in Guiana). Aubl. guian. 2. p. 662, St. Hil. bull, philom. 1823. p. 131. D. C. prod. 1. p. 730. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 493. t. 23. no. 34. — Galipea and Cusparia, D. C. mem. mus. 9. p. 142 and 148. — Cusparia, Humb. — Bonplandia, Willd. but not of Cav. — Angostura and Raputia, Rcem. et Schult. — Conchocar- pus, Mik. — Obentonia, Vel. — Aruba spec, Nees et Mart. — Lasiostemon, Nees et Mart. — Ravia, Nees et Mart. LIN. SYST. Tri-Pentdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx short, cup- shaped, 5-toothed or 5-cleft. Petals 5, rather unequal, con- nected at the base into a half monopetalous, somewhat campanu- late corolla, with a short, usually pentagonal tube, and a spread- ing 5-cleft limb. Filaments adhering to the tube of the corolla, and longer than it (nevertheless enclosed), usually flattened and downy, sometimes 5, rarely 6-8, 2 or 4 of which are sterile, sometimes 5, all fertile ; anthers oblong-heart-shaped, rarely ap- pendiculate at the base, sometimes revolute after flowering. Ovaries 5, joined in one, or only at the base, surrounded by the cup-shaped disk, smooth or villous. Styles 5, rising from the tops of the ovaries, sometimes distinct, or only partly connected at the base, but usually joined together in one, terminated by a single blunt stigma. Fruit only of 1 or 2 carpels from abortion. — Trees or shrubs, with alternate, simple, ternate or quinate leaves, full of pellucid dots. Racemes axillary or terminal, simple or compound ; peduncles and pedicels furnished with brae- teas. Flowers greenish, white, or flesh-coloured. * Leaves compound. 1 G. TRIFOLIA'TA (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 662. t. 269.) leaves tri- foliate, smooth ; flowers corymbose ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; stamens 4, 2 of which are sterile. fj . S. Native of Guiana, on the banks of the river Orapu. Sciuris corymbosa, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 38. Flowers small, greenish. It is called Inga by the inhabitants of Guiana. Three-leaved Galipea. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 feet. 2 G. OSSA'NA (D. C. mem. mus. 9. p. 149. t. 10.) leaves tri- foliate, smooth ; flowers panicled ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; calyx 5-parted ; sterile stamens 5, fertile 2. T? . S. Native of Cuba, about the Havannah. Flowers small, greenish. De la Ossa's Galipea. Shrub 6 feet. 3 G. LASIOSTE'MON (St. Hil. mss.) leaves trifoliate, full of glandular dots, young ones, petioles, and branches pubescent ; racemes almost terminal, erect, pubescent ; petals villous on the inside, and pubescent on the outside, as well as the calyx ; sta- mens fringed, villous, 3 fertile, and 2 sterile. Tj • S. Native of Brazil, in woods atllheos. Lasiostemum sylvestre, Nees et Mart, in nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 171. t. 19. Flowers white. Hairy-stamened Galipea. Shrub. 4 G. CUSPA'RIA (St. Hil. mss.) leaves trifoliate ; racemes stalk- ed, almost terminal; calyx 5-toothed ; sterile stamens 3. T? . S. Native of South America. Cusparia febrifuga, Humb. tabl. geog. Bonplandia trifoliata, Willd. act. acad. berl. 1802. p. 24. H. et B. pi. equin. 2. p. 59. t. 57. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 8. Angostura Cuspare, Roam, et Schult. syst. 4. p. 183. The Angostura bark of the shops is the produce of this tree. As an aromatic bitter it acts as a tonic and stimulant of the organs of digestion. It increases the appetite for food, re- moves flatulence and acidity, arising from dyspepsia, and is a very effectual remedy in diarrhoea, proceeding from weakness of the bowels, and in dysentery ; and it possesses the singular ad- vantage of not oppressing the stomach, as Peruvian bark is apt to do ; but it does not cure intermittents. It is exhibited in powder, in doses of from 5 to 20 grains, either alone or with rhubarb, magnesia, or carbonate of lime. In infusion, a drachm to 4 ounces of water daily. In tincture, 1 or 2 drachms in dys- pepsia. In watery extract, we are informed by Humboldt, that the Capuchins, who possess the missions of Carony, pre- pare with great care an extract of the bark, which they distri- bute to the convents of Catalonia. The natural history of this bark was long but imperfectly known. It is now fully esta- blished by the travels of Humboldt. The appearance of the bark varies according as it has been taken from larger or smaller branches. The tincture of which is of a deep yellow-colour, and becomes turbid and white on admixture with water. Dr. Ram- bach, of Hamburgh, first observed poisonous effects from some Angostura bark. The Austrian government on this account ordered all the Angostura bark in the kingdom to be destroyed, and interdicted its future importation ; and other states have followed its example. This is in consequence of the Angostura bark of commerce being of different kinds, the most of which are spurious and poisonous. The false or fine Angostura bark, Brit- cea antidysenterica, has been more recently analyzed by Pelletan and Caventou. They have discovered in it a new alkali, upon which its virulence depends, and to which they have given the name of Bruceae. Its action on the living body is to produce tetanus, without affecting the intellectual faculties, in which respect it has a great analogy to strychnia, or nux vomica, but it is only about one-third of its strength. See Brucea. Cuspare or Angostura-bark. Tree 68 to 80 feet. 5 G. AROMA^TICA (Spreng. syst. app. p. 91.) leaves trifoliate, smooth ; racemes spicate, axillary ; sterile stamens 3, fertile 2. ^.S. Native of Guiana, in woods of Orapu. Raputia aroma- tica, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 670. t. 272. Sciuris aromatica, Vahl. in Willd. spec. 1. p. 153. Flowers greenish. Bark of the trunk aromatic. Aromatic-barbed. Galipea. Fl. Aug. Shrub 3 feet. 6 G. HETEROPHY'LLA (St. Hil. bull, philom. 1823. p. 131. pi. rem. bras. 131. t. 12.) leaves 3-4-5-foliate, on long petioles ; leaflets lanceolate, rather pubescent on the middle nerve ; racemes supra-axillary, on long peduncles ; sterile stamens 2. T? . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro. Variable-leaved Galipea. Shrub. * * Leaves simple. 7 G. PENTA'GYNA (St. Hil. pi. rem. bras. p. 131. t. 11. A.) leaves long-lanceolate, very acute, quite smooth ; racemes compound at the tops of the branches, axillary, or somewhat extra-axillary ; peduncles flattened ; sterile stamens 3 ; styles 5, quite distinct. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro. Five-styled Galipea. Shrub. 8 G. RESINOSA (St. Hil. pi. rem. bras. 1. p. 134.) leaves oblong, tapering to both ends, shining ; glands on petioles very prominent, rough ; corymbs terminal, stalked ; corolla somewhat bilabiate ; stamens 5, only 2 of which are fertile. J? . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, and on the road to Felisbert. Ravia resinosa, Nees et Mart, in act. bonn. xi. p. 169. t. 19. f. E. and t. 23. Flowers white. Corymbs ca- pitate. Shrub beset with resinous dots. Resinous Galipea. Fl. Jan. Shrub 6 feet. 9 G. PENTA'NDRA (St. Hil. pi. rem. bras. 1. p. 134. t. 13.) leaves lanceolate, acuminated, obtuse, but acute at the base, smooth ; racemes axillary, simple, few-flowered ; pedicels each furnished with 3 bracteas ; stamens 5, all fertile. I? . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul. Five-anthered Galipea. Shrub. \ 798 RUTACE^E. XXXII. GALIPEA. XXXIII. ALMEIDEA. XXXIV. DIGLOTTIS. 10 G. FONTANESIANA (St. Hil. pi. rem. bras. 1. p. 134. t. 14. B.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, acutish, quite smooth, very acute at the base ; petioles smooth ; racemes terminal, or some- what extra-axillary, hardly branched at the base ; calyx cup-shap- ed, smooth ; sterile stamens 3 ; nectary 5-toothed. Jj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro. Ravia racemosa, Nees et Mart, in nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 169. t. 24. Flowers white. Desfontaine's Galipea. Fl. Jan. Shrub 6 feet. 11 G. CANDOLLEA NA (St. Hil. pi. rem. bras. 1. p. 135. t. 14. C.) leaves lanceolate, acuminated, quite smooth ; racemes somewhat extra-axillary, very short ; flowers crowded ; sterile stamens 3 ; nectary entire. I? . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro. Flowers white. De Candolle's Galipea. Fl. Oct. Shrub 6 feet. 12 G. MACROPHY'LLA (St. Hil. pi. rem. bras. 1. p. 132.) leaves long, linear-elliptic, stalked, rounded at the base, dotted with black opaque glands beneath ; trunk simple, very slender ; racemes extra-axillary, compound, interrupted ; stamens 7, 1 or 2 of which are only fertile. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, in woods on the tops of the granite mountains at Rio Janeiro, and in the provinces of the mines. Conchocarpus macrophylla, Mikan. del. bras. 1. t. 2. Nees et Mart, in nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 160. t. 18. f. B. Raputia conchocarpus, Schult. mant. 1. p. 126. Calyx bearded on the inside. Corolla funnel-shaped, beset with rusty glands, with a bilabiate limb. Long-leaved Galipea. Fl. Oct. Nov. Shrub 6 feet. 13 6. CUNEIFOLIA (St. Hil. pi. rem. bras. 1. p. 132.) leaves on short stalks, broad-lanceolate, tapering much to the base, cuneated, full of minute pellucid dots ; racemes axillary, elon- gated, interrupted, about the length of the leaves ; stamens 5, only 2 of which are fertile. Jj . S. Native of Brazil, in woods at the river Peruaquacu, in the province of Bahia. Concho- carpus cuneifolia, Nees et Mart, in nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 162. t. 21. Corolla small, regular, white. Wedge-leaved Galipea. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 14 G. GAUDICHAUDIA'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 89.) leaves spatulate, oblong, rounded at the apex, cuspidate ; pedicels pu- bescent ; sterile stamens 3 or 4 ; nectary entire ; ovaries smooth. Jj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro. Flowers white. Gaudichaud's Galipea. Shrub. 15 G. MARTIA'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 90.) leaves large, lanceolate, tapering to both ends, quite smooth ; petioles very short, puberulous ; racemes terminal, simple, pubescent, as well as the campanulate, cup-formed calyx ; sterile stamens 3 ; nec- tary entire. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro. Martius's Galipea. Shrub 6 feet. 16 G. ? E'LEOANS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 90.) leaves long, lanceolate-linear, acute at the base and apex, quite smooth ; flowers racemose ; axis triquetrous, pubescent. T? . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro. Elegant Galipea. Fl. Nov. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. Cult. See Choisya for cultivation and propagation. XXXIII. ALMEI'DE A (in honour of John Rodriguez Pereira de Almeida, who was of great assistance to St. Hilaire while on his travels in Brazil). St. Hil. bull, philom. 1823. p. 129. D. C. prod. 1. p. 729. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 492. t. 23. no. 33. Aruba, Nees et Mart, in nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 152 and 172. t. 19. f. H. but not of Aubl. according to St. Hil. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx short, 5-parted or 5-toothed. Petals 5, distinct, much longer than the calyx, equal, spatulate. Filaments 5, shorter than the petals, free, flattened, densely bearded above the middle, all bearing anthers ; anthers linear, heart-shaped. Ovaries 5, girded beneath by the cup-shaped disk, connected together at the base, smooth. Styles 5, rising from the tops of the ovaries, joined in one, smooth, terminated by a single, capitate, 5-lobed stigma. Fruit of 1-2 1-2-seeded carpels. — Trees or shrubs, with alternate (but the upper ones are sometimes opposite), simple, quite entire, stalked, exstipulate leaves ; petioles knotted above. Racemes terminal, simple, and naked beneath, but divided at the apex into compound thyrse-like panicles ; peduncles and pedicels fur- nished with bracteas. Flowers white, lilac, red, and blue. 1 A. LILA'CINA (St. Hil. bull, philom. 1823. p. 129. pi. rem. bras. p. 144. t. 15. fl. bras. 1. p. 86.) leaves lanceolate, acute at the base; panicles pyramidal; peduncles puberulous; petals blunt. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro. Flowers lilac. iz'/ac-flowered Almeidea. Shrub 8 feet. 2 A. RTJ'BRA (St. Hil. 1. c. pi. rem. bras. p. 144. fl. bras. 1. p. 86. t. 1 8.) leaves lanceolate, acute at the base ; flowers race- mose ; racemes compound ; peduncles smooth ; petals very blunt. T? . S. Native of Brazil, near Rio Janeiro. Flowers red. .Red-flowered Almeidea. Tree 12 feet. 3 A. LONGIFOLIA (St. Hil. pi. rem. bras. 1. p. 145. fl. bras. 1. p. 86.) leaves large, lanceolate-oblong, obtuse at the base, acute at the apex ; flowers racemose, compound ; peduncles pubescent ; pedicels smooth ; petals obtuse. Tj • S. Native ofBrazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro. B'lowers red. Long-leaved Almeidea. Tree. 4 A. MYRIACA'NTHA (Nees in Schlecht. Linnsea. 5. p. 56.) leaves scattered, elliptical-lanceolate, acuminate, on short stalks, veiny, and wrinkled ; racemes axillary, simple, 5-10-flowered ; veins of leaves scrobiculate in the axils ; stamens 5, connected to the tube of the corolla ; ovary clothed with stellate hairs. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the island of St. Catharine. Flowers white, and very fragrant. Thousand- spined Almeidea. Tree 20 feet. 5 A. CJERU^LEA (St. Hil. mss.) leaves oblong, tapering to the base, obtuse at the apex, sometimes emarginate ; racemes ter- minal; peduncles smooth ; petals obtuse. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in woods at the river Ilheos. Aruba caerulea, Nees et Mart. nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 174. t. 27. Flowers blue. /Mue-flowered Almeidea. Tree 10 feet. 6 A. A'LBA (St. Hil. mss.) leaves obovately wedge-shaped, with a blunt point ; racemes terminal, bifid, secund ; peduncles naked ; petals obtuse. J; . S. Native of Brazil, on the road to Felis- bert. Aruba alba, Nees et Mart, in nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 175. t. 28. Flowers white. White-Qowered Almeidea. Fl. Dec. Shrub 6 feet. 7 A. ACUMINA'TA (St. Hil. mss.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute at both ends ; flowers terminal, racemosely panicled ; peduncles pubescent ; petals obtuse. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of the Mines, in woods. Flowers lilac. Acuminate-leaved Almeidea. Fl. April. Tree 10 to 20 feet. Cult. See Choisya for cultivation and propagation. XXXIV. DIGLOTTIS (from 3iC, dis, twice, and glotta, a tongue ; the anthers 2, ending each in a tongue-shaped ligula). Nees et Mart, in nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 170. t. 19. f. F. D. C. prod. 1. p. 732. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 494. LIN. SYST. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, longer, about equal, joined together from the base to the middle into a monopetalous corolla. Filaments 5, shorter than the tube of the corolla, and adhering to its sides, flattened, bearded above, 3 sterile, and 2 bearing anthers ; anthers heart-shaped, drawn out at the apex into an acute bearded ligula. Ovaries 5, sur- rounded at the base by the cup-shaped disk. Styles 5, con- RUTACEJE. XXXV. ERYTHROCHITON. XXXVI. TICOREA. XXXVII. MONNIERA. 799 nected in one, very short, terminated by a single blunt stigma. Fruit of 5 1 -seeded carpels.— A shrub, with alternate, long, ovate-lanceolate, quite entire leaves, full of pellucid dots. Flow- ers short, almost sessile, bracteated, disposed in a somewhat racemose panicle. Petioles inflated above. 1 D. OBOVA'TA (Nees et Mart. 1. c. t. 25.) T? . S. Native of Brazil, in woods at the river Xipoto. Leaves obovate-ob- long, rounded at the apex. Calyx pubescent. Petals acute, 3 lines long, white. Obovate-leaved. Diglottis. Fl. Dec. Shrub 5 feet. Cult. See Choisya for cultivation and propagation. XXXV. ERYTHROCHITON (from epvSpos, erythros, red, and xtr chiton, an outer coat ; in allusion to the calyx being red). Nees et Mart, in nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 165. t. 18. f. D. D. C. prod. 1. p. 732. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 495. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx large, tubular ; tube compressed, 5-ribbed ; limb of 5 segments, connected into 2 nearly equal lips, sometimes both entire, sometimes the lower one is tritid. Petals 5, longer than the calyx, connected into a half monopetalous funnel-shaped corolla, with a 5-cleft limb. Filaments 5, shorter than the tube of the corolla, and adhering to its sides, as well as being connected together, all bearing an- thers ; anthers lanceolate. Ovaries 5, surrounded by a longer pitcher-shaped glandular disk. Styles 5, connected in one, about the length of the tube of the corolla, terminated by a single, ob- tuse, 5-furrowed stigma. Fruit of 5 1 -seeded carpels. — A small tree, with alternate, simple, stalked, lanceolate, very long, quite entire, smooth leaves. Axillary branches almost leafless, bear- ing the flowers at their ends, having the appearance of very long peduncles. Flowers large, in the axillae of the bractea-like leaves, 2-4 or more in a cluster, on short pedicels, which are jointed at the base, each furnished with 2 bracteas. Calyx red. Corolla white. 1 E. BRASILIE'NSIS (Nees et Mart. 1. c. p. 166. t. 22.) Fj . S. Native of Brazil, at the fort of St. John the Baptist, in the province of the Mines. Brazilian Erythrochiton. Tree 10 feet. Cult, See Choisya for cultivation and propagation. XXXVI. TICO'REA (probably the name of the tree in Guiana). Aubl. guian. 2. p. 689. D. C. in mem. mus. 9. p. 144. St. Hill. bull, philom. 1823. p. 132. D. C. prod. 1. p. 730. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 495. t. 23. no. 35. — Ozophyllum, Schreb. gen. no. 1105. Sciuris, Nees et Mart, in nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 155. t. 18. A. LIN. SYST. Pent-Heptdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-cleft or 5-toothed. Petals 5, much longer than the calyx, linear, connected together into a half- monopetalous, funnel- shaped corolla, with a 5-cleft, equal or unequal limb. Filaments flattened, adhering to the tube of the corolla, sometimes 5-7 in number, rarely 8, 3 or 6 of which are sterile, the rest fertile ; anthers adnate. Ovaries 5, surrounded by a cup-shaped disk, smooth, usually connected together. Styles 5, rising from the tops of the ovaries, connected together in one, about equal in length to the tube of the corolla, terminated by a simple, 5- lobed stigma. Fruit of 5, connected, 1-seeded carpels. — Sweet- scented trees or shrubs, with alternate, simple, but usually ter- nate leaves ; petioles jointed ; leaflets lanceolate, entire, full of pellucid dots. Terminal branches almost leafless, floriferous, naked below, but divided at the apex into corymbs or panicles, or compound racemes ; pedicels furnished with bracteas. Flowers white or cream-coloured, beset with pellucid or tubercled glands. 1 T. FOZTIDA (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 689. t. 277.) leaflets 3, equal, almost sessile ; corymb 6-7-flowered ; flowers sessile along the branches ; petals 6-times longer than the calyx. Tj . S. Native of Guiana in woods. Ozophyllum foe'tidum, Mar- tyn, in Mill. diet. Ozophyllum trifoliitum, Willd. spec. 3. p. 585. Flowers white. The leaves, when bruised, emit a dis- agreeable smell, resembling that of Stramonium. Fetid Ticorea. Fl. Feb. Shrub 10 feet. 2 T. PEDICELLA'TA (D. C. mem. mus. 9. p. 145. t. 8.) leaflets 3, equal, almost sessile; corymbs 12-14-flowered ; flowers stalked, disposed along the branches ; capsule seated on a stipe. T? . S. Native of French Guiana. Flowers white. /SVa^erf-flowered Ticorea. Shrub 10 feet. 3 T. LONGIFLORA (D. C. mem. mus. 9. p. 145. t. 9.) leaflets 3, lateral ones on short stalks, middle one having a stalk 3- times longer than those of the lateral ones; corymb 15-20- flowered ; flowers almost sessile, disposed along the branches ; petals 1 0-times longer than the calyx or more. Ty . S. Native of French Guiana in woods. Flowers white. Fertile stamens 4. Long -Jlcnve red Ticorea. Shrub 10 feet. 4 T. JASMINIFLORA (St. Hil. bull, philom. 1823. p. 132. pi. rem. bras. p. 141. t. 14. D.) leaflets 3, lanceolate, acuminated, tapering into the petiole ; panicle rather loose ; sterile stamens 3-6. fj . S. Native of Brazil, near Rio Janeiro and in the province of Minas Geraes. Sciurus multiflora, Nees et Mart, nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 155. t. 18. 'f. A. Flowers white, sessile, along the branches of the panicle. The inhabitants of Brazil believe that the juice of the leaves boiled will cure frambesia. Jasmine-flowered Ticorea. Fl. Sept. Tree 20 feet. 5 T. FEBRI'FUGA (St. Hil. pi. usu. bras. no. 16. D.) leaflets 3, lanceolate, acuminated, tapering into the petiole ; panicle crowded ; sterile stamens 3 or 6. Jj . S. Native of Bra- zil, in the province of Minas Geraes, where it is called Quina or Folhas brancas. The bark is very bitter and astringent, and would be a good substitute for Peruvian bark in intermittent fevers. Febrifuge Ticorea. Tree 20 feet. 6 T. BRACTEA'TA (St. Hil. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 730.) leaflets 3, oblong, acuminated, tapering to the base ; panicle somewhat spicate, many-flowered, glomerate, erect ; calyx 5- cleft, with acuminated lobes ; fertile stamens 2. (7.8. Native of Brazil, in woods at Arassatiba. Sciurus bracteata, Nees et Mart. nov. act. bonn. 11. p. 156. t. 18. f. A. and t. 20. Brac- teas under the branches of the panicle lanceolate, fringed. Flowers white. Bracted Ticorea. Shrub 6 feet. 7 T. SIMPLICIFOLIA (St. Hil. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 730.) leaves simple, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends ; ra- cemes compound, many-flowered, erect ; fertile stamens 2. T? . S. Native of Brazil, in woods at the Fort of St. John the Baptist, in the province of Minas Geraes. Sciurus simpli- cifolia. Nees et Mart. nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 157. Flowers cream-coloured, pedicelled, with a short, linear-lanceolate brae- tea at the base of each pedicel. Simple-leaved Ticorea. Shrub 10 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam, sand, and peat will answer the species ; and cuttings, taken from ripened wood, will root in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them, in heat. XXXVII. MONNIE'RA (in honour of William le Monnier, once Professor of Botany in the Jardin du Roi, Paris. He pub- lished, in 1745, Observations upon the dangerous plants of the Pyrenees and Roussillon). Lin. gen. no. 850. Nees et Mart, nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 162. t. 18. f. C. D. C. prod. 1. p. 729. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 496. t. 22. no. 31. LIN. SYST. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted ; seg- ments very unequal, 2 of which are much longer than the co- rolla, and 3 much shorter, permanent. Petals 5, unequal, con- nected at the base into a half monopetalous corolla, with a curved 800 RUTACE.&. XXXVII. MONNIERA. XXXVIII. DICTYOLOMA. XXXIX. GALVEZIA. XL. BRUCEA. FIG. 124. tube and a bilabiate limb, upper lip 1-lobed, lower one divided into 4-lobes. Filaments 5, adhering to the tube of the corolla and shorter than it, flattened, bearded in the middle, 3 sterile, 2 fertile ; anthers adnate, oblong, heart-shaped. Ovaries 5, longer than the thickish hypogynous scales, which are bidentate at the apex, permanent and sessile, approximate, smooth, opposite the sterile stamens. Styles 5, rising from the tops of the ovaries, connected in one, terminated by a single, 5-lobed, capi- tate stigma. Fruit of 5 (but sometimes fewer from abortion) 1 -seeded carpels. A villous herb, with opposite or alternate, stalked, ternate leaves, full of fine pellucid dots. Peduncles axillary, simple at the base, naked, but forked at the apex.> Flowers small, white, on very short pedicels along the branches, secund. 1 M. TIUFOLIA (Lin. spec. 986. Aubl. guian. 2. p. 730. t. 293. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 9. Jaborandi, Marcg. bras. 36. with a figure. Q. S. Native of Guiana, Cayenne, and Brazil. Plant annual, naked at the base, but branched at the top. Three-leaved Monniera. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1792. PI. | to 1 foot. Cult. The seeds of this plant should be sown in a pot of light earth, placing it in a hot-bed, and when the plants are of sufficient size they should be planted into separate pots, and shaded until they have taken fresh root ; after this they may. be placed in the stove, where they will ripen their seed. Tribe VII. ZANTHO'XYLE^E (plants agreeing with Zanthoxylum in important characters). Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 497. Flowers of separate sexes, regular. Calyx divided into 3, but usually 4-5. Petals equal in number, frequently longer, usually twisted in the bud, rarely wanting. Male flowers, with the stamens equal in number to the petals, rarely double that number, for the most part longer than them, inserted round the base of the gynophore. Female flowers with abortive stamens and a short style. Ovaries seated on the receptacle, equal in number to the petals or fewer, sometimes distinct or partly so, with 2 ovulae in each. Styles equal in number to the ovaries, simple, sometimes free, sometimes joined, some- times wanting. Stigma 2-5-lobed, or in the free styles simple. Fruit simple, baccate, or membranous, 2-5-celled, sometimes multiple. Seeds solitary or twin, pendulous, smooth, and shining. Albumen fleshy, with a superior radicle, and ovate, flat coty- ledons.— Trees or shrubs, with alternate or opposite, simple, but more frequently abruptly or impari-pinnate, dotted or dotless leaves. Flowers axillary and terminal, variously disposed, male and female intermixed, sometimes on different branches, some- times on different trees ; pedicels bracteolate. Divers parts bitter and aromatic. XXXVIII. DICTYOLO'MA (from SIKTVOV, dictyon, a net, and \to/ja, loma, a fringe ; in allusion to the seeds being expanded on the back into a netted wing). Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 499. t. 24. no. 36. LIN. SYST. Monoecia, Penttindria. Flowers of separate sexes. Calyx deeply 5-parted. Petals 5, longer. Male flowers, stamens 5, opposite the petals, about equal ; filaments each rising from the back of a dense woolly scale, bearing 5 abortive, slender ovaries, shorter than the stamens. Female flowers bear- ing 5 productions like stamens, each terminated by a barren anther. Ovaries 5, joined in one, seated on a short gynophore, downy. Styles 5, connected into one, short, thick, terminated by a single 5-lobed stigma. Fruit of 5 distinct carpels, opening inwardly, 2-valved, 3-4-seeded. Seeds kidney-shaped, expanded on the back into an elegant netted wing. Embryo arched. — A little tree, with alternate, pinnate leaves ; leaflets nearly oppo- site or alternate, unequal-sided, with glandular margins, without dots. Terminal branches bearing the flowers, dividing into a broad corymb ; pedicels bracteate. Flowers downy-white, male and female intermixed. 1 D. VANDELLIA'NA. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Vandelli's Dictyoloma. Tree 12 feet. Cult. See Ticorea for cultivation and propagation. XXXIX. GALVE'ZIA (in honour of Joseph Galvez, minister of state under Charles III. of Spain). Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. but not of Dombey. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 500. t. 25. no. 37. LIN. SYST. Dioecia, Octdndria. Flowers of separate sexes. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4, longer. Male flowers. Stamens 8, the 4 opposite the petals shortest ; filaments awl-shaped, smooth, inserted round the base of the oblong gynophore. Ovaries 3-4, distinct, seated on the fleshy tetragonal receptacle. Styles 3-4, distinct at the base, but connected at the apex, terminated by a 4-lobed stigma. Drupes 4, or fewer from abortion, 1-seeded. Seeds egg-shaped. Embryo straight. — A tree with simple leaves, opposite, or 3 in a whorl, serrated, quite smooth, full of pellucid dots, with an aromatic smell. Peduncles axillary, tri- chotomously panicled, with 2 opposite bracteas at the divisions ; pedicels bracteolate. Female flowers on distinct branches, and perhaps on distinct trees. Petals convolute in the bud. 1 G. PUNCTA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5 with a figure). Jj . G. Native of Chili, where it is called Pitao. Fruit fleshy, bitter. Dotted Galvezia. Tree 20 feet. Cult, See Ticorea for cultivation and propagation. XL. BRU'CEA (in honour of James Bruce, the celebrated traveller in Abyssinia). S. Mill. fasc. t. 25. Schreb. gen. 1508. Lher. stirp. 19. t. 10. Juss. gen. 373. Kunth, gen. tereb. 30. D. C. prod. 2. p. 88. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 501. LIN. SYST. Dioe'cia, Tetrandria. Flowers of separate sexes. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4, hardly equal the length of the calyx. Male flowers. Stamens 4, short, inserted round about a gland- like, central, 4-lobed body. Female flowers ; stamens 4, sterile. Ovaries 4, seated on a 4-lobed receptacle, each terminated by a simple, acute, reflexed stigma. Drupes 4, 1-seeded. — Shrubs, with impari-pinnate leaves, with 6 pairs of opposite, entire, or serrated leaflets, without dots. Flowers small, purplish inside, disposed in interrupted glomerate spikes or racemes. Branches, peduncles, petioles, and nerves of leaves clothed with simple rufescent down. A fifth part is generally added to the flowers. Divers parts of the shrubs very bitter. 1 B. ANTIDYSENTE'RICA (Mill. fasc. t. 25.) leaflets quite entire, clothed with rusty villi on the nerves beneath ; racemes simple, spike-like. Jj . S. Native of Abyssinia. Woogi-noos, Bruce's trav. French ed. t. 43. Brucea ferruginea, Lher. stirp. t. 10. Drupe sometimes solitary, or perhaps connected together. Guers. in bull, philom. 3. no. 84. p. 182. This species is known in Abyssinia by the name of Woodginoos. The root is a specific in dysentery. It is a plain simple bitter, without any aromatic or resinous taste, leaving in the throat and palate something of roughness, resembling Ipecacuanha. The bark of this tree is sold under the name of Angostura bark. See Galipea Cuspdria. Antidysenteric Brucea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1775. Shrub 8 feet. RUTACE^E. XL. BRUCEA. XLI. BRUNELLIA. XLII. ZANTHOXYLUM. 801 2 B. GRA'CILIS (D. C. prod. 2. p. 88.) leaflets serrated, downy on both surfaces ; racemes simple, spike-like. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Ailantus gracilis, Salisb. prod. 171. Sta- mens 5-6. Ovaries stiped. Slender Brucea. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? Shrub. 3 B. SUMATRA'NA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 469.) leaflets serrated, villous beneath ; racemes usually compound ; petals longer than the calyx. Jj . S. Native of Sumatra, Moluccas, China, and Cochin-china. Gonus amarissimus, Lour. 658. B. Sumatrensis, Spreng. pug. 2. p. 90. — Rumph. amb. 7. t. 15. Flowers dark- purple, usually hermaphrodite. From the sensible qualities of the green parts of this plant being somewhat fetid, and simply, though intensely, bitter, it promises to be as good an antidysen- terical medicine as Bruce's Woodginoos. (Wall.) Sumatra Brucea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822. Tree 20 ft. 4 B. GUINEE'NSIS ; leaflets quite entire ? and smooth ; spikes panicled, branched ; petals much longer than the calyx, ij . S, Native of Sierra Leone, in the woods. Guinea Brucea. Fl. Feb. May. Tree 14 feet. Cult. These trees will thrive best in a loamy soil. Cuttings from ripened wood strike root freely in a pot of sand under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat. XLI. BRUNE'LLIA (in honour of Gabriel Brunelli, professor of botany in the university of Bologna). Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. prod. p. 71. t. 12. H. et B. pi. equin. 1. p. 210. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 42. D. C. prod. 2. p. 87. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 501. LIN. SYST. Dioecia, Octo-Decandria. Flowers of separate sexes. Calyx 4-5-parted, clothed on the inside at the base, with a hairy depressed disk, which is 8-10-lobed. Petals want- ing. Male flowers. Stamens 8-10, longer than the calyx, in- serted in the sides of the disk, which bears the abortive ovaries. Female flowers. Stamens inserted in the disk, much shorter than the calyx ; anthers barren. Ovaries equal in number with the segments of the calyx, distinct, hairy, each ending in a short acute style. Carpels distinct, opening lengthwise in- wardly, each containing 1-2 seeds. Seeds egg-shaped or globose. Embryo straight. — Unarmed, rarely prickly trees. Leaves sim- ple, ternate, or impari-pinnate, coriaceous, entire or crenated, without dots. Stipulas twin, small, caducous, petiolar. Flowers disposed in axillary or terminal corymbs, or panicles ; pedicels furnished with bracteas. Parts usually clothed with rusty down. There are sometimes 7 segments to the calyx. " Leaves opposite, pinnate. 1 B. ACULEA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. ^frT'per. syst. p. 127.) leaves abruptly-pinnate ; leaflets quite entire ; carpels smooth ; branches prickly. t? . S. Native of Peru, in groves. Stamens 10-14. Prickly-branched Brunellia. Tree. 2 B. COMOCLADIFOLIA (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 1. p. 211. t. 59.) leaves impari-pinnate, with 7 or 11 pairs of spiny-ser- rated leaflets ; carpels 4, clothed with rufous down. Pj . S. Na- tive of Peru, on the Andes, near Popayan. Stamens pro- bably 8. Comocladia-leaved Brunellia. Tree. 3 B. PROPI'NQUA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 45.) leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets 3 or 4 pairs, oblong, rather ob- tuse, crenately-serrulated, clothed beneath with fine rufescent down ; panicle branched, rusty. Tj . S. Native of South Ame- rica. Stamens 12-14. Compare it with the following. Allied Brunellia. Tree 20 feet. 4 B. iNE'RMis(Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. prod. p. 71.) leaves impari- pinnate, and simple ; leaflets serrated ; carpels hispid. Jj . S. Native of Peru, in groves. Stamens 10-14. This is probably the same as B. propinqua. VOL. I. Unarmed Brunellia. Tree. * Leaves simple, 3 in a whorl. 5 B. TOMENTOSA (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 1. p. 214. t. 60.) leaves oval-oblong, acute at both ends, serrated, reticulated with veins beneath ; branches and carpels downy. Tj . S. Na- tive of South America, near Almaguer, in cold places. Stamens 8-14. Z>OKWJ/-branched Brunellia. Tree 20 feet. 6 B. OVALIFOLIA (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 1. p. 216. t. 61.) leaves roundish-oval, serrated, clothed beneath with very minute pubescence ; heads of flowers axillary, stalked. f? . S. Native of South America, on Mount Saraguru, near Loxa. Sta- mens 10. Oval-leaved Brunellia. Tree 20 feet. 7 B. ACUTA'NGULA (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 1. p. 216. t. 62.) leaves oval-lanceolate, covered with powdery-pubescence beneath ; branches acutely triquetrous. J? . S. Native of New Granada. Stamens 8-10. Sharp-angled-stemmed Brunellia. Tree 20 feet. N. B. There are several unpublished species of this genus from the Sandwich Islands. Cult. See Brucea for cultivation and propagation. XLII. ZANTHO'XYLUM (from £a»$oe, xanthos, yellow, and £u\oi', xylon, wood ; the roots are yellow). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 1. D. C. prod. 1. p. 725. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 503. t. 25. no. 38. — Zanthoxylum et Fagara, Lin. gen. no. 150. and 1109.- — Xanthoxylum, Smith. — Aubertia, Bory. — Langsdorfia, Leandr. in akad. munch. 1819. p. 229. — Pohlana, Nees et Mart. nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 185. — Ochroxy- lum, Schreb. — Pterota, Adans. — Kampmannia, Rafin.- — Am- pacus, Rumph. — Evodia, spec. D. C. prod. 1. p. 724. LIN. SYST. Dioecia, Tri-Penldndria. Flowers dioecious. Calyx short, 3-4-5-parted. Petals equal in number to the lobes of the calyx, but longer, very rarely wanting. Male flowers. Stamens equal in number with the petals, equal in length or longer than them, inserted around the base of a rudiment of a gynophore, bearing the rudiment of a simple or multiple pistil, which is shorter than the stamens. Female flowers. Stamens sometimes wanting, or very short, scale-like, and without anthers, or bearing abortive ones. Ovaries 5-1, sometimes equal in number to the petals, but usually fewer from abortion, seated on a subglobose, or subcylindrical torus, each containing 2 ovulae, and with one style rising from the apex of each, free, or connected ; the for- mer with separate capitate stigmas ; the latter crowned with a single lobed stigma. Capsules 1-5, sessile, or stalked, 2-valved, 1-2-seeded. Seeds globose, dark, shining. Embryo straight, but usually a little incurved. — Trees or shrubs, with the petioles, branches, and nerves, usually furnished with prickles. Leaves alternate and opposite, simple or ternate, but usually abruptly or impari-pinnate, and with the common petiole usually winged, for the most part full of pellucid dots. Flowers small, greenish, or whitish, axillary or terminal, fascicled, spiked, racemose, cymose, corymbose, or panicled, furnished with bracteas. SECT. I. ZANTHO'XYLUM (see genus). Golden, Lin. Juss. et Schreb.— Xanthoxylum species, Nees et Mart. — Fagara, Adans. but not of Lin. Calyx of 5 petal-like sepals, bearded at the apex. Petals wanting. Male flowers. Stamens equal in num- ber to the petals, and alternating with them, inserted around the rudiment of a 5-lobed disk. Female flowers. Ovaries equal in number to the sepals, and opposite them, seated on a cylindrical torus, each furnished with a style, which are connected together 5 K 802 RUTACEjE. XLII. ZANTHOXYLUM. at the apex, ending in a clavate stigma. Sepals sometimes 6-9, according to Kunth, sometimes only 4. — Trees with impari- pinnate leaves. 1 Z. FRAXI'NEUM (Willd. spec. 4. p. 757.) leaves impari-pin- nate, with 4 or 5 pairs of ovate, obsoletely-serrulated leaflets, which are equal at the base ; petioles terete, unarmed ; prickles stipular ; corymbs axillary. ^ . H. Native of North America, from Canada to Virginia, and Kentucky, in woods near rivers. Z. ramiflorum, Michx. fl. 2. p. 235. Z. clava Herculis var. Lin. spec. 1455. Lam. diet. 2. p. 38. Z. Americanum, Mill. diet, no. 2. Z. Caribae'um, Gaert. fruct. but not of Lam. — Duham. arb. 1. 1. 97. — Catesb. carol. 1. t. 26. Sepals whitish; anthers red. The bark and capsules have a hot acrid taste, and are used for easing the tooth-ache ; hence it is called Tooch-ache- tree. A tincture of them is also much commended for the cure of rheumatism. Ash-like or Common Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1759. Tree 15 feet. 2 Z. MITE (Willd. enum. 1013.) unarmed ; leaves impari-pin- nate, pubescent beneath ; flowers axillary. Tj . H. Native of North America. Sepals white ; anthers red ? Mild Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1812. Tree 15 feet. SECT. II. FAGA' RA (a name given to an aromatic plant by Avi- cennes). Jacq. Lin. Schreb. Nees et Mart. — Pterota, P. Brown, Adans. — Fagara species, Juss. — Xanthoxylum species, Nees et Mart. Calyx 4-parted. Petals and stamens 4. Ovaries 2 or 2-parted. Stigmas 2-lobed. * Flowers hermaphrodite. 3 Z. PTEROTA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 3.) prickly ; leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets obovate, a little cre- nated ; petioles with a narrow wing ; prickles 2, stipular hooked. fy , S. Native of Jamaica and Cuba. Fagara Pterota, Lin. amcen. 5. p. 391. Schinus Fagara, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 389. Fagara lentiscifolia, Willd. enum. 1. p. 166. Spikes axillary, shorter than the petioles. Flowers white. — Browne, jam. p. 146. t. 5. f. 1.— Sloan, jam. 2. p. 25. t. 168. f. 4. Winged-petioled Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1768. Shrub 10 feet. 4 Z. CULANTRILO (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 2.) unarmed ; leaves trifoliate or impari-pinnate ; leaflets oblong, somewhat emarginate, crenate ; petioles obsoletely winged ; pe- duncles axillary, branched, a little longer than the petioles. 1? . S. Native of South America, on the banks of the river Ama- zon, near Jaen-de-Bracamaros. Flowers white. Culantrilo is the vernacular name of the tree. Culantrilo Tooth-ache-tree. Tree 24 feet. 5 Z. PRVE'COX (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 76.) unarmed; leaves abruptly-pinnate, with lanceolate-elliptic, blunt, subretuse but acute at the base, almost entire, deciduous leaflets, which are pubescent beneath, full of pellucid dots ; rachis hardly margi- nate ; female flowers quadrifid, 4-petalled, disposed in racemose panicles ; pistil solitary, rarely twin. T? . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro, near Uba. Flowers greenish white. Ovary 1-2-valved. Early Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. Oct. Tree 20 feet. 6 Z. HYEMA'LE (St. Hil. fl. usu. bras. t. 37. fl. bras. 1. p. 75.) armed, rather prickly, smooth ; leaves impari-pinnate, with 3 or 6 pairs of obovate, blunt, crenate-serrated, nearly sessile leaflets, glandular on the margins ; rachis hardly winged ; flowers in racemose panicles, axillary, 4-petalled ; style 1 . J? . S. Na- tive of Brazil, in the provinces of St. Catharine and Rio Grande do Sul. Flowers white. The tree is called Coentrilho by the inhabitants, who pretend that the bark, reduced to a powder, is good against the ear-ache. The wood is excellent. Winter Tooth-ache-tree. Tree. 7 Z. AFFI'NE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 3.) spa- ringly prickly ; leaves impari-pinnate, with 7 or 9 oblong, blunt, smooth leaflets, which are crenate, and full of glandular dots on the edges ; petioles hairy ; spikes axillary, many-flowered. Tj . S. Native of Mexico, at Lake Cuiseo. Style 1 ? Flowers white ? Allied Tooth-ache-tree. Tree. 8 Z. PIPERITUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 725.) prickly; leaves im- pari-pinnate ; leaflets oblong, unequal at the base, crenate ; petiole a little winged, jointed ; prickles stipular. Jj . G. Native of Japan. Fagara piperita, Lin. spec. 172. Thunb. jap. 61 ? Flowers white, in terminal panicles. Ovary 1-2. Style 1. Seed 1. — Kcempf. amcen. t. 893. The bark, leaves, and fruit of this shrub being aromatic are frequently used in soups instead of spice. The bruised leaves made into a cataplasm with meal of rice are laid upon the parts afflicted with rheumatism. Pepper Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1773. Shrub 6 feet. 9 Z. PERROTE'TII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 726.) leaves impari-pin- nate, with 7 or 9 pairs of sessile, elliptical-oblong, acuminated leaflets, which are toothed at the apex ; petioles and branches unarmed ; panicles subcorymbose. ^ . S. Native of French Guiana. Carpels at maturity twin or solitary from abortion. Flowers white ? Petioles not margined. Perrotet's Tooth-ache-tree. Tree. 10 Z. AVICE'NN^: (D. C. prod. 1. p. 726.) prickly; leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets 9-1 3, lanceolate, smooth, almost entire, on short petioles ; racemes panicled, shorter than the leaves. Jj . G. Native of China. Fagara Avicennae, Lam. diet. 2. p. 445. — Lob. icon. 2. p. 133. f. 2. (fruct.) Flowers white? Avicenna's Tooth-ache-tree. Clt. 1823. Shrub. 11 Z. BUDRU'NGA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 728.) armed with small incurved prickles ; leaves abruptly or impari-pinnate, with 5 or 6 pairs of unequal, ovate-lanceolate, entire, acuminated, smooth leaflets ; panicles terminal, crowded. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies, in Silhet, where it is called Budrung by the natives, who use the seeds medicinally, being of a warm spicy nature, with the fragrance of lemon-peel. Flowers white ? Stamens much longer than the petals. Capsule single, drupaceous, about the size of a pea, the outer coat is marked with cells, filled with a fragrant balsam, containing a solitary shining seed, having 3 integuments. Budrung Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1825. Tree 20 feet. 12 Z. RHE'TSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 728.) armed with prickles ; leaves abruptly pinnate, with 8 or 16 pairs of lanceolate, falcate, smooth, entire leaflets, all nearly equal in size ; panicle terminal, frequently cross armed. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies, on the mountainous parts of the coast. Fagara Rhetsa, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 428. A large much-spreading tree. Flowers minute, yellow. Stamens shorter than the petals. Style thick, terminated by a tapering stigma. Capsule single, dry, 1-celled, 2-valved, about the size of a pea, containing a round, glossy, black seed. The unripe capsules are like small berries, they are gratefully aromatic, and taste like the skin of a fresh orange. The ripe seeds taste like black pepper, but weaker. The inner bark is also acrid, with a mixture of bitter. The tree is called in the Telinga language Rhetsa-maun. Rhetsa means a committee, or select number of men assembled to settle disputes, &c., and maun signifies trees of the largest size. Under the shade of this tree the hill people assemble to examine, agitate, and determine their matters of public concern, deliver discourses, &c. Rhetsa-maun Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. Dec. Tree 50 feet. 13 Z. NI'TIDUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 727.) branches, petioles, 1 RUTACE.E. XLII. ZANTHOXYLUM. 803 and ribs armed with prickles ; leaves impari-pinnate, with 2 or 3 pairs of oblong shining leaflets, which are remotely and glandularly crenated at the apex, rather long, and emarginate ; racemes axil- lary. T? . G. Native of China, about Canton, where it is called Tcheum-tsew. Fagara nitida, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 439. The flowers are 4-petalled as the other species of the Section, but the pistillum is 3 or 4-lobed, each lobe apparently ending in a 2- lobed stigma. Capsule single, 1 -seeded. Shining -leaved Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. Jan. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 feet. 14 Z. ZEYLA'NICUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 728.) capsule solitary, 2-celled, 1 -seeded; the rest unknown. Lunu Ankenda, Gsert. fruct. 1. p. 334. t. 68. f. 9. Fagara Zeylanica, Steud. nom. p. 331. Ceylon Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub ? * * Flowers dioecious. 15 Z. ? TINGOA'SSUIBA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 78.) unarmed, quite smooth ; leaves impari-pinnate, with 2 pairs of obovate, obtuse, obsoletely-crenated, rather retuse, veiny, shining leaflets ; calyx 4-parted ; petals perhaps wanting. T? . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro, at Cabo Frio, where it is called Tingoassuiba. The wood is yellow, and is used in various kinds of carpentering. Tingoassuiba Tooth-ache-tree. Tree 50 feet. 16 Z. LU CIDUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 92.) unarmed, quite smooth ; leaves impari-pinnate, with 2-3 pairs of stalked, lanceo- late, entire leaflets, which are obtuse and rather retuse at the apex, and acutish at the base ; rachis wingless ; panicles ter- minal ; flowers of 4 petals. \} . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul. Z. nitidum, St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 77. Rudiment of ovary small. Shining Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. Jan. Tree 20 feet ? SECT. III. FAGA'RA (see last section). Lam. Swartz, Zanthoxy- lum, Nees et Mart. Flowers 3-petalled, triandrous. Ovaries 3, each terminated by a style. 17 Z. HMPINELLO)DES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 726.) leaves impari- pinnate, with many pairs of roundish, acuminated, shining leaf- lets ; petioles and ribs of leaves prickly ; corymbs terminal. Fj . S. Native of St. Domingo. — Sloan, hist. 2. t. 174. f. 3-4? Fagara pimpinelloides, Lam. ill. no. 1638. Calyx 5-cleft. Pimpernel-like Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 18 Z. TERNA'TUM (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 570.) unarmed ; leaves ternate ; leaflets obovate, a little emarginate, shining, dotted beneath ; racemes axillary, compound. Fj . S. Native of Dominique. Fagara ternata, Swartz, prod. 33. Flowers white. Terwate-leaved Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 19 Z. PUNCTA'TUM (West. st. cr. 236.) spiny; leaves trifoliate and pinnate, with oblong crenulated leaflets, dotted beneath. Jj . S. Native of Santa-Cruz. Flowers white. Dotted-leaved Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 20 Z. EMARGINA'TUM (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 572.) un- armed ; leaves impari-pinnate, with 2 or 3 pairs of ovate, emar- ginate, veiny leaflets ; racemes terminal. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica and Cuba, on the mountains. Fagara emarginata, Swartz, prod. 33.— Sloan, hist. 2. p. 24. t. 168. f. 4. Leaves some- times abruptly pinnate. Branches inclined to the ground. Flowers white, resembling those of the elder-berry. Fruit round, the size of black pepper. The smoke of the wood in burning is odoriferous, and probably was the fine scent which Columbus found near the south shore of Cuba, on his discovery of that island. Emarginate-leaved Tooth-ache-tree. Clt. 1739. Tree 20 ft. 21 Z. ACUMINA'TUM (Swartz, fl. ind. occ.l. p. 575.) unarmed ; leaves impari-pinnate, with 3 or 4 pairs of elliptical, acuminated, entire, shining, coriaceous leaflets ; cymes terminal. Fj . S. Na- tive of Jamaica, on the mountains. Fagara acuminata, Swartz, prod. p. 33. Flowers white. 4cuminated-len\ei Tooth-ache-tree. Clt. 1818. Tree 20 ft. 22 Z. SAPINDOIDES (D.C. prod. 1. p. 728.) stem and branches full of spines ; leaves abruptly pinnate, with 4 pairs of obtuse emarginate leaflets. ^ . S. Native of Jamaica. — Browne, jam. 207. t. 20. f. 2. Sapindus spinosus, Lin. spec. 526. Licca-tree, Lunan. jam. 1. p. 443. The flowers are very fragrant. Sapindus-like Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub. 23 Z. SPINOSUM (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 574.) leaves pin- nate, with 8 or 10 pairs of sessile ovate-acuminated leaflets, spiny beneath, as well as the petioles and branches ; cymes ter- minal, f? . S. Native of Jamaica, on arid mountains. Fa- gara spinosa, Swartz, prod. p. 33. Style wanting. Stigmas 3. Flowers white. Spiny Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub 6 feet. SECT. IV. OCHRO'XYIUM (from wxP°e> ochros, yellow, and i,v\ov, xylon, wood ; roots yellow). Schreb. Nees et Mart. — Kampmannia, Rafin. — Fagara spec. Lam. Flowers dioecious. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 5. Ovaries 3 (Schreb.), 1 to 5 (Mart.). Styles distinct. * Leaves simple. 24 Z. OCHROXYIUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 725.) trunk prickly ; leaves ovate, full of pellucid dots ; ovaries 3, each terminated by a style. T? . S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. Ochroxylum and Curtisia, Schreb. no. 508. et emend, p. 826. Fagara mono- phylla, Lam. ill. no. 1643. Flowers white. Yellow-wooded Tooth-ache-tree. Tree 20 feet. 25 Z. PENTA'NOME (D. C. prod. 1. p. 725.) prickly ; leaves alternate, oval, acuminated at both ends, quite entire ; panicle terminal ; ovaries 5, each bearing a style. Fj . S. Native of Mexico. Pentanome simplicifolia, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. icon. Five-parted Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub. * Leaves impari-pinnate. 26 Z. TRICA'RPUM (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 335.) leaves impari-pinnate, with 3 or 5 pairs of oblong-oval, acuminated, serrulated leaflets, which are oblique at the base ; petioles and branches prickly ; panicle terminal. Jj . H. Native of Carolina and Florida in woods. Fagara fraxinifblia. Lam. ill. 1. t. 334. Three-fruited Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. Jul. Clt. 1806. Sh. 6 ft. 27 Z. MELANOSTI'CTUM (Nees in Schlecht. Linnsea. 5. p. 37.) branches prickly; leaves impari-pinnate, with 1-2 pairs of stalked elliptic leaflets, which are acute at the base, and bluntly acu- minated at the apex, entire, coriaceous, shining ; panicle axil- lary, shorter than the leaves. >j . S. Native of South America. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 5. Black-dotted-\eaved Tooth-ache-tree. Tree. 28 Z. RHOIFOLIUM (Lam. diet. 2. p. 39.) prickly; leaves impari-pinnate, with many pairs of lanceolate, serrulated, leaflets, which are nearly equal at the base ; petioles pubescent, some- what prickly ; panicles lateral. Fj . S. Native of the East Indies.— Pluk. phyt. t. 329. f. 1. Red-leaved Tooth-ache-tree. Tree 20 feet. 29 Z. TRAGODES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 725.) prickly; leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets wedge-shaped, emarginate ; petioles broadly-winged, nearly separable at the joints of the leaflets. Ij . S. Native of St. Domingo. Schmus tragodes, Lin. spec, ed. 1. p. 369. Fagara tragodes, Jacq. amer. 21. t. 14. pict. 16. t. 19. Hayne, term. bot. t. 14. f. 2. Flowers whitish. Goat's-tooth-ache-tree. Clt. 1759. Shrub 6 feet. 5x2 804 RUTACE.E. XLII. ZANTHOXYLUM. 30 Z. HERMAPHRODITUM (Willd. spec. 4. p. 756.) prickly ; leaves impari-pinnate, with 5 pairs of oblong, quite entire, acu- minated leaflets, which are almost equal at the base ; petioles unarmed ; panicles terminal. Tj . S. Native of Guiana, in woods. Ovaries 3-5, each terminated by a style. Fagara pentandra, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 78. t. 30. Fagara Guianensis, Lam. diet. 2. p. 446. Wood hard, white, and durable. Flowers white. The tree is called Cacatin by the Caripous, and Poivre des Negroes by the Creoles. Hermaphrodite Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. May. Tree 50 feet. SECT. V. LANGSDORFIA (in honour of George Langsdorf, of Heidelberg, a great traveller and collector of plants). Leandr. but not of Rich. — Pohlana, Nees et Mart — Macqueria, Comm. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 5. Ovaries 1. Style 1. 31 Z. LANGSDORFII (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 76.) prickly; leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, serrated, un- equal at the base ; petioles pubescent ; flowers thyrsoid, lateral, and terminal. Tj . S Native of Brazil. Pohlana Langsdorfii, Nees et Mart, in nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 17. Flowers green. — Langsdorfia, Leandr. de sacram. denkschr. der Akad. de W. zu Munchen 12. p. 29. t. 12. Langsdorf s Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub 3 feet. 32 Z. MONO'GYNUM (St. Hil. in bull, philom. 1823. p. 129.) unarmed ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets roundish-elliptical, sharply taper-pointed, obtuse, quite entire, smooth ; common petiole and middle nerve of leaf puberulous ; panicles terminal ; pistils so- litary, rarely twin. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, . where it is com- monly called Ponta da Fruta and Larangeira''braba. Flowers green ? Monogynous Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub. 33 Z. SENEGALE'NSE (D. C. prod. 1. p. 726.) prickly; leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets obovate, quite entire, somewhat emar- ginate ; petioles terete, and are as well as the nerves of the leaves prickly. Ij . S. Native of Senegal. Fagara zanthoxyloides, Lam. diet. 2. p. 446. Flowers white. Senegal Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub. 34 Z. HETEROPHY'LLUM (Smith, in Rees" cycl. no. 14.) prickly; leaves impari-pinnate, very long on young trees, with about 20 pairs of prickly leaflets, but they are much shorter on the adult trees, with about 4 pairs of unarmed leaflets ; petioles round. Jj . S. Native of the Island of Bourbon, about Gol. Fagara heterophylla, Lam. diet. 2. p. 445. Macqueria, Comm. Flowers hermaphrodite, white. Variable-leaved Tooth-ache-tree. Tree. 35 Z. soRBir6nuM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 75.) prickly ; leaves pinnate, with 3-5 pairs of ovate-oblong, obtuse, rather refuse, crenate-serrated, smooth leaflets ; peduncles rather prickly ; rachis wingless ; flowers panicled, 5-petalled ; pistil solitary. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, near Rio Janeiro. Flowers greenish. Mountain-ash-leaved Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. Aug. Tree. 36 Z. AUSTRALA'SICUM (Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 503.) branches tubercled ; leaves simple, oblong-linear, obtuse, entire ; peduncles terminal, few-flowered ; ovaries 5, only one of which comes to maturity ; styles joined. Tj . G. Native of New Hol- land. Eriostemon linearifolium, D. C. prod. 1. p. 720. Australian Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub 0 feet. SECT. VI. AUBE'RTIA (in honour of Aubert du Petit Thouars, a well known French botanist). Bory St. Vine. voy. afr. 1. p. 256. t. 18. Calyx short, 4-parted. Petals 4, longer than the calyx. Stamens 4, very short ; anthers barren. Ovaries 4, seated on a short gynophore. Capsules 4, or fewer from abor- tion, each containing 1-2-seeds. 37 Z. AUBE'RTIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 725.) unarmed; leaves opposite, simple, ovate, obtuse, quite entire or emarginate, full of pellucid dots ; flowers disposed in axillary racemes. ^ . S. Native of the Island of Bourbon, on the high plains called D'Afouge. Aubertia Borbonica, Bory, 1. c. Aubert du Petit Thouars' Tooth-ache-tree. Tree 20 feet. 38 Z. OBTUSIFOLIUM ; leaves trifoliate; leaflets oval, obtuse, smooth ; panicles axillary, a little shorter than the leaves. I? . S. Native of the Mauritius. Evodia obtusif olia, D. C. prod. 1. p. 724. Style simple, deeply 4-parted into revolute segments. Blunt-leaved Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub. SECT. VII. AMPA'CUS (Malay name of Z. triphylluin) Rumph. amb. 2. p. 188. 189. t. 61. t. 62. Evodia, B.C. prod. 1. p. 724. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 4-5-toothed. Petals 4-5. Glands 5, between the stamens and the ovary ; ovaries 4, connected at the base, each containing 1 or 2 seeds. 39 Z. LATIFOLIUM ; unarmed ; leaves opposite, trifoliate ; leaf- lets ovate, acute, woolly beneath ; panicles axillary, length of petioles. Tj . S. Native of Amboyna. Ampacus latifolia, Rumph. amb. 2. p. 186. t. 61. Evodia latifolia, D. C. prod. 1 . p. 724. Leaflets 8 or 12 inches long. Flowers white. Broad-leaved Tooth-ache-tree. Tree 20 feet. 40 Z. TRIPHY'LLUM ; unarmed ; leaves opposite, trifoliate ; leaflets oblong, entire, smooth ; panicles axillary, pyramidal, about the length of the petioles. \j . S. Native of the East Indies, in the island of Pulo-Penang. Z. Lamarkianum, Nees. Fagara triphylla, Lam. diet. 2. p. 447. Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 436. Evodiaftriphylla, D. C. prod. 1. p. 724. Ampacus an- gustifolia, Rumph. amb. ii. p. 188. t. 62. Flowers numerous, minute, white, scentless. Calyx 4-toothed. Petals 4, 4-times longer than the calyx. Stamens 4. Ovary roundish, woolly, 4-furrowed, the filaments resting in the furrows. Style 1, ter- minated by a 4-lotjed stigma. Capsules 1-4, distinct, size of a field-bean, 1 -celled, -2-valved, opening along the upper and inner margin, each containmg 2 seeds. Three-leaved Tooth-ac^jj*^- Shrub 4 feet. f The flowers of the following species being unknown, it is therefore doubtful to which of the sections they may belong. The leaves of all are impari-pinnate, and the flowers of most of them are probably dioecious, 41 Z. RI'GIDUM (Humb. in Willd. spec. 4. p. 756. and H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 4.) prickly ; leaflets 4 pairs, elliptical, quite entire, emarginate, mucronate, hairy on the veins beneath, with the middle rib and petioles prickly. ^ • S. Na- tive of South America. Stiff Toolh-ache-tree. Tree or shrub. 42 Z. JUGLANDIFOLIUM (Willd. spec. 4. p. 756.) armed; leaflets oblong, acuminated, obsoletely serrated, unequal at the base, a little dotted ; petioles prickly ; panicles terminal. Jj .S. Native of St. Domingo.— Pluk. t. 239. f. 6. Leaflets stalked, alternate. Far. /3, Berterianum (D. C. prod. 1 . p. 727.) leaflets sessile, usually opposite ; racemes and petioles pubescent. Tj . S. Juglans-leaved Tooth-ache-tree. Tree. 43 Z. LANCEOLA'TUM (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 293.) armed ; leaflets 6-7 pairs, elliptical-lanceolate, membranaceous, without dots, hairy beneath ; petioles prickly ; panicles terminal, fy . S. Native of Porto Rico, where it is called. Cenizo, and of Gua- daloupe. Lanceolate-\eafiettet[ Tooth-ache-tree. Tree? 44 Z. CLA'VA-HE'RCULIS (Lin. spec. 1455, exclusive of the synonyms) armed ; leaflets 4 pairs, ovate, repandly-toothed, un- equal at the base, quite smooth, sessile, full of pellucid dots ; panicles terminal. Tj . S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. RUTACE.E. XLII. ZANTHOXYLUM. XLIII. BOYMIA. XLIV. TODDALIA. 805 Z. Caribsevum, Lam. but not of Gaert. Z. Carolinianum, Gaert. — Pluk. t. 239. f. 4. Hercules' -dub Tooth-ache-tree. Clt. 1739. Tree 50 feet. 45 Z. AROMA'TICUM (Willd. spec. 4. p. 755.) armed ; leaflets 6 pairs, ovate-lanceolate, serrated, stalked, unequal at the base, smooth, full of pellucid dots ; panicles terminal and axillary. J? . S. Native of St. Domingo. Jacq. fil. eclog. 1. p. 103. t. 70. There is a variety with unarmed petioles. Aromatic Tooth-ache-tree. Clt. 1824. Shrub. 46 Z. OBTUSIFOLIUM (Potr. suppl. 2. p. 293.) prickly ; leaflets usually 4-pairs, coriaceous, obversely subovate, rounded at apex, smooth, prickly beneath as well as the petioles ; panicle ter- minal, dense. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies ? Obtuse-leaved Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub. 47 Z. ARMA'TUM (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 72.) armed with straight, spreading prickles ; leaflets 2 pairs, oblong, acuminated at both ends, entire ; petioles unarmed ; panicles terminal or subaxil- lary. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers dioecious. Armed Tooth-ache-tree. Clt. 1816. Shrub 10 feet. 48 Z. ACANTHOPODIUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 727.) armed with straight, spreading prickles ; leaflets 4 pairs, oblong, acuminated at both ends ; middle rib and petioles armed with strong spines ; corymbs axillary, very short. T? . S. Native of Nipaul. Habit of the preceding species. Prickly-foot- stalked Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub. 49 Z. HORRIDUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 728.) leaves alternate ; leaflets ovate, crenate ; branches spiny. Tj . G. Native of Japan. Fagara horrida, Thunb. in Lin. trans. 2. p. 329. Flowers and fruit unknown. Horrid Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub. 50 Z. SPINIFEX (D. C. prod. 1. p. 728.) leaves alternate, in fascicles, impari-pinnate ; petioles winged a little ; leaflets ellip- tical, entire, somewhat emarginate ; branches spiny. I? . S. Native of Caraccas. Fagara spinifex, Jacq. fragm. p. 10. t. 6. f. 2. Flowers unknown. Spiny Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub, v* 51 Z. CRIBROSUM (Spreng. syst.lJp. 946.) unarmed; leaflets 3-pairs, oblong, blunt, coriaceous, fflrenate, full of pellucid dots ; petioles rough. 1? . S. Native of Hispaniola. Sieve-leaveA Tooth-ache-tree. Tree. 52 Z. SELLOI (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 946.) unarmed; leaves abruptly-pinnate, with 4 pairs of ovate-oblong, blunt, shining, reticulated leaflets, full of pellucid dots ; petioles pubescent. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Sello's Tooth-ache-tree. Tree. Cult. The species of Zanthoxylum will grow freely in sandy loam ; and cuttings will root, if planted in a pot of sand, and placed under a hand-glass ; those of the stove species in heat. The hardy species, or those native of North America, will thrive in any common garden-soil ; they are well adapted for ornament- ing small shrubberies. Ripened cuttings of these will root, if planted under a hand-glass, or they may be increased by slips of the roots ; if planted in pots and placed in a hot-bed, they will grow up to young plants. XLIII. BO'YMIA (in honour of Michael Boym, who wrote on Chinese plants and animals, in 1650). Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 507. t. 25. no. 39. LIN. SYST. Dioecia. Flowers of distinct sexes. Male ones unknown. Female flowers. Calyx short, 5-cleft. Petals 5, longer than the calyx. Ovaries 5, seated round the base of a 5 -scaled gynophore, connected together at the base, and ap- pearing like one, each divided lengthwise by a simple furrow, containing 2 ovulae. Styles 5, joined in one, short, crowned by a simple 5-furrowed, peltate, broader stigma, deciduous. Cap- sules 5, connected at the base, but spreading at the apex, convex outside, but angular, and opening inwardly, each containing a solitary, globose, smooth seed. Shrubs with impari-pinnate leaves. 1 B. RUTJECA'RPA (Juss. in mem. mus. 12. t. 25. no. 39.). ?7 . G. Native of China, where it is called Ou-tchou-yu. The fruit, when infused in cold water, exhales a scent like Ptelea. Rue-fruited Boymia. Shrub. 2 B. MARTINICE'NSIS ; leaves impari-pinnate, prickly ; leaflets alternate, oblong, quite entire ; stigma peltate ; flowers pentan- drous. \i . S. Native of Martinique. Zanthoxylum Martini- cense, D. C. prod. 1. p. 726. Fagara Martinicensis, Lam. ill. no. 1659. Martinique Boymia. Shrub. Cult. See Zanthoxylum for cultivation and propagation. XLIV. TODDAVLIA (Kaka- Toddali is the Malabar name of T. aculeata). Juss. gen. 371. Kunth, gen. tereb. p. 24. D. C. prod. 2. p. 83. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 508. t. 26. no. 40. — Scop61ia, Smith, in Rees' cycl. — Cranzia, Schreb. no. 362. Vepris, spec. Comm. LIN. SYST. Moncecia, Pentdndria. Flowers of separate sexes. Calyx short, 5-toothed. Petals 5, longer than the calyx, spread- ing much. Male flowers. Stamens 5, longer than the petals, inserted round about the base of the gynophore, bearing a pris- matical 5-sided rudiment of a pistil. Female flowers. Fila- ments 5, very short, sterile. Ovary seated on a gland-like, short, 5-furrowed gynophore, simple, egg-shaped, fleshy, 5- celled, each celj containing 2 ovulae. Stigma almost sessile, peltate, 5-lobed. Fruit fleshy, dotted, 5-furrowed, 5-celled, each cell containing 1 angular, kidney-shaped seed. Embryo arched. — Dwarf shrubs, with alternate, trifoliate leaves, full of pellucid dots. Panicles of flowers axillary, usually solitary, rarely twin ; pedicels furnished with bracteas. Male and fe- male flowers on different branches, never on separate trees. Branches, petioles, and peduncles, usually prickly. Number of parts of flowers sometimes in fours. Petals in bud con- volute. 1 T. ACULEA'TA (Pers. ench. 249.) prickles on branches re- curved ; leaflets ovate-oblong. ^ • S. Native of the Mauri- tius and of the Indian archipelago. Paullinia Asiatica, Lin. spec. 524. Scopolia aculeata, Smith, ined. 2. p. 34. T. Asia- tica, Lam. Flowers white, strong-scented. Var. a, acanthophylla (D. C. prod. 2. p. 83.) racemes shorter than the leaves ; leaves prickly ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate. Jj . S. Native of Malabar. — Rheed. mal. 5. t. 41. Var. j3, nitida (Lam. ill. t. 139. f. 1.) racemes longer than the leaves ; leaflets ovate, unarmed. 1? . S. Native of Ceylon. Burm. zeyl. p. 28. t. 24. Var. y, rubricaulis (Willd. in Rcem. et Schult. 5. p. 323.) branches pubescent ; leaves unarmed ; leaflets obovate, acu- minated. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Prickly Toddalia. Clt. 1790. Shrub 6 feet. 2 T. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Lam. ill. no. 2759.) branches unarmed, pubescent ; leaflets linear-lanceolate, shining, veined beneath ; racemes lateral, shorter than the leaves. lj . S. Native of the Mauritius and the East Indies. Rubentia angustifolia ? Boj. Scopolia angustifolia, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 779. Flowers white. Narrow-leaved Toddalia. Clt. 1824. Shrub 6 feet. 3 T. MEGAPOTA'MICA ; unarmed ; leaflets lanceolate, abruptly acuminated, quite entire, opaque, smooth ; panicles axillary, di- varicating. T? . S. Native of Brazil, at Rio Grande. Scopolia Megapotamica, Spreng. syst. app. p. 91. Flowers white. Rio Grande Toddalia. Shrub 6 feet. 4 T. VENOSA ; leaflets spatulately-lanceolate, mucronate, quite smooth, shining above, veined beneath ; branches warted ; 806 RUTACE.E. XLV. VEPRIS. XLVI. PTELEA. XLVII. BLACKBURNIA. branchlets smooth ; racemes axillary. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, at Rio Grande. Scopolia venosa, Spreng. syst. app. p. 91. Ferny-leaved Toddalia. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. These shrubs thrive best in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat ; and cuttings, planted in a pot of sand, will strike root readily, if placed under a hand-glass, in heat. XLV. VETRIS (from vepres, a briar or bramble). Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 509. t. 26. no. 41. Toddalia and Scopolia, species of authors. LIN. SYST. Monce'cia, Octdndria. Flowers of separate sexes. Calyx short, 4-parted. Petals 4, longer than the calyx, spread- ing much. Male flowers. Stamens 8, 4 of which are opposite the petals, and are shorter than the others, inserted around the base of the gynophore, which bears the rudiments of 4 ovaries. Female flowers. Ovary seated on a very short, gland-like, 8- lobed gynophore, surrounded by 8 very minute scales, simple, globose, fleshy, 4- celled, each cell containing 2 ovulse. Stigma sessile, broad, convex, peltate, 4-lobed. Fruit fleshy, dotted, 4-furrowed, 4-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Seed egg-shaped, 2- celled, one of which is abortive. Embryo a little arched. — Small trees, with alternate, trifoliate leaves ; leaflets entire, quite smooth, reticulated, and full of pellucid dots. Flowers panicled, terminal, male and female on different branches, but not on different plants ? Petals in the bud convolute. 1 V. LANCEOLA'TA ; leaflets lanceolate, acuminated, shining; panicles terminal. T? . S. Native of the Mauritius. Toddalia lanceolata, Lam. ill. no. 2760. Scopolia lanceolata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 779. Flowers white. ZanceoZate-leaved Vepris. Shrub 6 feet. 2 V. OBOVA'TA; leaflets obovate, bluntish ; petioles margined ; panicle terminal, corymbose. Tj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Toddalia paniculata, Lam. ill. t. 139. f. 2. Scopolia inermis, Smith, icon. ined. 2. p. 34. Scop, paniculata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 779. V. inerme, Andr. Juss. 1. c. t. 26. no. 41. Flowers white. Oiot-ate-leaved Vepris. Clt. 1824. Shrub 10 feet. Cult. See Toddalia for cultivation and propagation. XLVI. PTE'LEA (TrrtXta, ptelea, the Greek name of the elm, from TTTO.III, ptao, to fly ; in allusion to the winged fruit). Lin. gen. no. 152. Lam. ill. t. 84. Gaert. fruct. 1. t. 40. Kunth, gen. tereb. p. 23. D. C. prod. 2. p. 82. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 500. t. 26. no. 42. Bellucia, Adans. LIN. SYST. Monoecia, Tetra-Pentdndria. Flowers of se- parate sexes. Calyx short, 4-5-parted. Petals 4-5, longer than the calyx, spreading much. Male flowers. Stamens 4-5, longer than the petals ; filaments thickened below and hairy, inserted around the base of the gynophore, bearing an abortive pistil, much shorter than the stamens. Female flowers. Sta- mens 4-5, very short, bearing barren anthers. Ovary seated on a convex gynophore, compressed, 2-3-celled, each cell containing 2 ovulse. Style short, terminated by a 2-3-lobed stigma. Fruit compressed, indehiscent, samara-like, turgid, 2-3-celled, each cell containing 1 seed expanded around into a membranous netted orbicular wing. Seeds oblong. Embryo straight. — Shrubs with alternate, simple, ternate, or quinate leaves, full of pellucid dots ; lateral leaflets unequal-sided. Flowers greenish- white, corymbose ; cormybs compound, in axillary or terminal panicles ; pedicels furnished with bracteas. Male flowers some- times with 6 or 7 anthers ; stamens unequal. Female flowers sometimes with a 3-celled ovary and a 3-lobed stigma. * Leaves trifoliate. 1 P. TUIFOLIA'TA (Lin. spec. 173.) leaflets ovate, acute, mid- dle one tapering much to the base ; flowers in corymbs, usually tetrandrous. fj . H. Native of North America, from New York to Carolina in shady moist hedges, and on the edges of woods among rocks. Flowers small, greenish-white in corym- bose clusters. Far. ft, pentaphylla (D. C. prod. 2. p. 83.) leaflets 5. Var. y, pubescens (Pursh, fl. amer. sept, 1. p. 107.) leaves pu- bescent. lj . H. Native of Pennsylvania. Shrubby Trefoil. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1704. Shrub 10 to 15 feet. 2 P. PENTA'NDRA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 2. p. 83.) 'leaflets oval, on short stalks, tapering to both ends; flowers panicled, pentandrous. Tj . G. Native of Mexico. Flowers greenish-white. Pentandrous Shrubby Trefoil. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 3 P. PODOCA'RPA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 83.) leaflets ovate, blunt at the base, sessile ; corymbs few-flowered ; fruit elliptical, on pedicels. Tj . G. Native of Mexico. Pt. trifoliata, Moc. et Sesse. fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers greenish-white. Foot-fruited Shrubby Trefoil. Shrub 10 feet. * * Leaves simple. 4 P. OVA'TA (Lour. fl. coch. 82.) leaves ovate ; racemes short, scattered. Jj . G. Native of Cochin-china. Seringia ovata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 441. Stigma simple. Flowers dioecious, the male only having been seen, therefore the genus is very doubtful. Ot!rtie-leaved Ptelea. Shrub 4 feet. 5 ? P. MONOPHY'LLA (Lam. diet. vol. 5.) leaves ovate-lan- ceolate, nearly sessile ; flowers racemose ; fruit 3-winged. Tj . H. Native of Carolina. One-leaved Ptelea. Shrub 4 feet. Cult. The hardy species of Ptelea will grow in any common soil ; they are well adapted for shrubberies, and they are generally increased by seeds, which should be sown in a light soil in April, they may also be increased by layers. The greenhouse kinds will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and ripened cuttings will strike root, if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand- glass placed over them. XLVII. BLACKBU'RNIA (in honour of John Blackburn, an English naturalist). Forst. gen. t. 6. D. C. prod. 2. p. 83. — Blackbournea, Kunth, gen. tereb. p. 24. LIN. SYST. Dioecia, Tetrdndria. Flowers of separate sexes. Calyx 4-toothed ; teeth acute, horizontal. Petals 4, elliptical, hypogynous and valvate when in bud (Kunth). Stamens 4. Ovary conical, 1-seeded. Style filiform. Stigma simple. Berry? 1-seeded. — Trees, with simple or abruptly pinnate leaves. Flowers in axillary racemes or panicles. 1 B. PINNA'TA (Forst. gen. t. C.) leaves pinnate ; leaflets oblong, blunt, unequal at the base ; panicles small, axillary. T? . G. Native of Norfolk Island. Ptelea pinnata, Lin. fil. suppl. 126. Samara Blackburnia, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 441. Leaves quite smooth, with 2 or 3 pairs of leaflets. Flowers yellow. Pinnate-leaved Blackburnia. Tree 20 feet. 2 B. MONADE'LPHA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 435.) leaves alter- nate, lanceolate ; filaments united at the base ; nectary a sta- miniferous ring surrounding the base of the ovary ; berry supe- rior, 1 -seeded ; seed arillate. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies on the mountainous parts of the Circars. A large, erect, tim- ber-tree ; the wood is white, close-grained, and durable ; and in the country of its natural growth is employed by the natives for a variety of purposes. Flowers small, yellow, disposed in an axillary, frequently compound raceme. Berry about the size of a cherry ; when ripe it has a deep-purple bloom, which makes it very inviting to the eye. Seed of a lively purple colour. RUTACE^E. XLVIII. AILANTUS. XLIX. POLEMBRYUM. L. PSEUDIOSMA. LI. THYSANUS. 807 Bark yellowish-green outside, but of a deep red on the inside, tinging the spittle with that colour. It is a strong astringent. Monadelphous Blackburnia. Tree GO feet. Cult. These trees will do well in a mixture of loam, peat, and a little sand ; and ripened cuttings will strike root if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them, in a mo- derate heat. XLVIII. AILA'NTUS (Atlanta is the name of//, glandulosa in the Moluccas). Desf. in act. acad. par. 1786. p. 263. t. 8. Kunth, gen. tereb. p. 26. D. C. prod. 2. p. 88. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 511. Pongelion, Rheed. LIN. SYST. Polygamia, Monoccia. Flowers polygamous. Male ones. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, longer than the calyx, spreading. Stamens 10, the 5 opposite the petals shortest. Disk central, bearing the petals and stamens around its sides, drawn out above into a S-plicate ring, with 5 minute, dis- tinct ovaries, or fewer, immersed between the plaits of the disk. Hermaphrodite or female flowers', with the calyx, petals, and disk as in the male, but with fewer stamens. Ovaries 3-5, distinct, compressed, each rising from the inner notch of the style, terminated by a spreading stigma. Sa- marae 3-5, oblong, tongue-shaped, compressed, membranous, netted, tumid in the middle, and 1 -celled; cell 1-seeded; seed compressed. Albumen wanting. Embryo straight, with a short, superior radicle, and leafy cotyledons. — Tall trees, with abruptly or impari-pinnate leaves ; leaflets opposite, unequal-sided, entire, or toothed, without dots. Flowers whitish-green or yellowish, disposed in large branched, terminal, fascicled panicles ; pedicels furnished with bracteas. Petals twisted in the bud at the apex, the rest convolutely-valvate. 1 A. GLANDULOSA (Desf. 1. c. Lher. stirp. t. 84.) leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets coarsely toothed at the base, furnished with glands beneath the teeth. Tj . H. Native of China and the Moluccas, where it is called Ailanto. Ailantus procera, Sal. prod. 271. Rhus. hypsotodendron, Moench. Rhus. cacoden- dron, Ehrh. beitr. 2. p. 111. Rhus. Sinense, 1. c. Ellis, in phil. trans. 49. p. 870. t. 25. f. 5. and vol. 50. p. 446. t. 17. Flowers whitish-green, exhaling a disagreeable odour. Leaves 3 feet long. The tree grows very fast in England, and being handsome, is proper for ornamental plantations. If the bark be wounded, a resinous juice flows out, which hardens in a few days. The wood is hard, heavy, glossy like satin, and is susceptible of a very fine polish. With us the tree has hitherto produced only male flowers ; at Paris and Leyden it has borne female flowers and fruit, but the fruit has not ripened. Some years it bears only male flowers, but about twice in ten years it bears both male and female flowers in France. Mr. Miller supposed this to be the Fasi-no-ki or spurious varnish-tree of the Japanese, but it is clear he was mistaken, because the leaves of that tree are entire. Glandular-leaved or Chinese Ailanto. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1751. Tree 60 feet. 2 A. EXCE'ISA (Roxb. cor. 1. t. 23.) leaves abruptly pinnate ; leaflets coarsely toothed at the base, without glands. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies, on the mountainous parts of the Circars. Flowers whitish-yellow. Leaves 3 feet long, having 10-14 pairs of leaflets. The wood is white and light, but it soon perishes ; it is chiefly used to make cattamarans (rafts for fishermen to go a fishing on). Tall Ailanto. Clt. 1800. Tree 66 feet. 3 A. MOLUCCA'NA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 89.) leaves abruptly pin- nate ; leaflets entire ; samarae acute at both ends, free from each other. Jj . S. Native of the Moluccas. A. integrifolia var a, Lam. diet. 3. p. 417. Molucca Ailanto. Tree 50 feet. 4 A. MALABA'RICA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 89.) leaves abruptly pinnate ; leaflets entire ; samarae blunt at both ends, connected together at the base, fy . S. Native of Malabar. Pongelion or Perimarum, Rheed. mal. 6. t. 15. Tree 12 feet in diameter. The wood is made into sheaths for spears, &c. The bruised leaves give an elegant tinge to water. The fruit triturated with mango, and mixed with rice in decoction makes a good injection for ophthalmia and aphalalgia. There is a resinous juice flows from the bark when wounded. Malabar Ailanto. Tree 50 feet. Cult. Th'e A. glandulosa is a very desirable tree for planta- tions, or to stand singly on lawns ; it is easily increased by slips of the roots. The others are stove trees ; these will grow freely in a mixture of loam and peat ; and the best way to increase these is by pieces of the roots, planted in a pot with their points above the ground, and placed in a hot-bed frame, where they will soon make fine plants. •f* The following genera are allied to Rutacece, but they are not sufficiently known to be placed in any particular situation. XLIX. POLE'MBRYUM (from iroXv, poly, many, and tfifipvov, embryon, an embryo ; embryos numerous). Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 519. t. 28. no. 49. LIN. SYST. unknown. Fruit almost sessile, echinated, of 5 carpels, connected together by the sides, but at last becoming free. Endocarp cartilaginous, woody, with 2 elastic valves 1- seeded, sometimes probably 2-seeded, separable from the sarco- carp. Seed bluntly ovate or ovate-conical, each marked at the base by a large very black spot under a very thin testaceous in- tegument, embracing the embryos, which are usually 3 in a whorl, inverted, unequal. Cotyledons fleshy, very thick, unequal, dotted, with the radicle hardly exserted. The rest unknown. This genus will probably come near to Calodendron, with which it is commonly called Wild Chesnut by the natives of the Cape of Good Hope. 1 P. CASTANE^CA'RPON (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 12. t. 28. no. 49.) T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Chesnut-fruited Polembryum. Tree ? Cult. See Calodendron for cultivation and propagation. L. PSEUDIO'SMA (from ^/ei/Sijc, pseudes, false; false Diosma). Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 519. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, longer than the calyx. Anthers 5, sessile, connivent. Ovary 5-lobed, girded by a crown-like nectary. Style and stigma simple. Carpels 5, each seated on a separate stipe, somewhat kidney- shaped, each containing a solitary seed, but not calyptrate. — A little tree, with simple, lanceolate, quite entire, smooth, alternate leaves. Flowers yellow, disposed in almost terminal compound racemes. 1 P. ASIA'TICA. Tj . G. Native of Cochin-china, on mount Hon-chen. Diosma Asiatica, Lour. fl. coch. 161. Asiatic Pseudiosma. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. This shrub will grow very well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and young cuttings will root in a pot of sand under a hand-glass. LI. THYSA'NUS (from Svaavoc, thysanos, a fringe ; in allu- sion to the red fringed coat of the seed). Lour. fl. coch. 284. D. C. prod. 2. p. 91. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 521. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Tetragynia. Calyx of 5 permanent sepals. Petals 5, oblong, equal in length to the calyx, spread- ing. Stamens 10, short, with reflexed filaments, and roundish erect anthers. Ovary tetragonal. Styles 4, filiform, inserted 808 RUTACE7E. LII. TETRADIUM. LIII. PHILAGONIA. LIV. ASAPHES. LV. BABRALDEIA. SIMARUBE.E. in the 4 sides of the ovary, each terminated by a bifid stigma. Drupes 4, oblong, gibbous, recurved at the apex, opening on the side, clothed with wool, each containing a solitary, oblong-ovate, smooth nucleus, enwrapped in a fringed, red, fleshy coat. — An unarmed shrub, with pinnate leaves, and lateral, many-flowered peduncles. Flowers with a reddish calyx, and white petals. 1 T. COCHINCHINE'NSJS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 91.) T? . G. Native of Cochin-china, in woods. T. Palata, Lour. 1. c. exclusive of the synonyme of Humph, and therefore of the specific name. Leaflets 10 pairs, oblong, quite entire. The genus is probably allied to Aildntus, Cochin-china Thysanus. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. See Ail&ntus for cultivation and propagation. LII. TETRA'DIUM (from rerpaSiov, tetradion, quaternary ; parts of flowers and fruit in fours). Lour. fl. cochin, p. 91. D. C. 2. p. 88. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 529. LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Telragynia. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx short, 4 -parted. Petals 4, longer than the calyx. Sta- mens 4, equal in length to the calyx ; filaments thick, awl- shaped, hairy. Ovary 4-lobed. Style wanting. Stigmas 4, awl-shaped, erect. Capsules 4, roundish, opening at the apex. Seeds shining, arillate. — A tree, with impari-pinnate smooth leaves. Flowers whitish, disposed in large, subterminal, tricho- tomous panicles. This genus will probably come near to Zan- thoxylum. \ T. TRICHO'TOMUM (Lour. 1. c.) Jj . G. Native of the moun- tains of Cochin-china. Brucea trichotoma, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 441. Leaflets quite entire. Trichotomous-racemed Tetradium. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1822. Tree 20 feet. Cult. See Brucea for cultivation and propagation. LIII. PHILAGONIA (meaning unknown). Blume, ex Nees in flora, 1825. p. 125. D. C. prod. 2. p. 90. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 521. LIN. SYST. Dioecia, Tetrdndria. Flowers dioecious. Calyx small, 4-toothed. Petals 4, 3 times longer than the calyx, spreading, inserted under the disk, valvate in the bud. Male flowers. Stamens 4, hypogynous, shorter than the petals. Disk annular, obsolete. Female flowers. Filaments 4, without an- thers. Ovary depressed, globose, 4-celled, each cell containing 2 ovulae. Style short, terminated by a large peltate stigma. Fruit capsular tetragonal, 4-furrowed, 4-celled, 8-seeded. Seeds angular. — A tree, with impari-pinnate leaves without dots. Bark and fruit aromatic. This genus will probably come near to Toddalia and Zanth6xylum. 1 P. PRO'CERA (Blume, 1. c.) ^ . S. Native of Java. Lofty Philagonia. Tree 60 feet. Cult. See Toddalia for cultivation and propagation. LIV. ASAPHEVS (from aj . S. Native of Mascal Island. Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit these fine trees ; and ripened cuttings will root if planted in a pot of sand with a hand-glass placed over them, in heat. II. SHO'REA (named in honour of the Right Hon. Lord Teignmouth, late governor of Bengal). Gaert. fruct. 3. p. 48. t. 180. Roxb. cor. 3. p. 10. t. 212. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals, en- larging into 5 long wings. Petals 5, twisted in the bud, rather silky on the outside. Stamens 25-30, lower half broad and membranous. Anthers short. Fruit 1-celled, 3-valved, 1- seeded. Cotyledons fleshy, stalked, obliquely incumbent. — A large tree, with panicles of yellow flowers. 1 S. ROBU'STA (Roxb. 1. c.) leaves cordate, oblong, entire, smooth, on short petioles ; calyx pubescent, as well as the branches of the panicle. ^ . S. Native of the skirts of the northern moun- tains of India. The wood of this tree is in very general use near Bengal for beams, rafters, and various economical purposes ; it is of an uniform li^ht-brown colour, close grained, and heavy, but at the same time it does not appear to be very durable, and on that account greatly inferior to teak, but in strength it cer- tainly surpasses it, and deserves to be considered the second timber tree of India, as the teak is considered the first. This tree yields large quantities of a resin commonly called Dammer in India, which is very generally used as a substitute for pitch in the marine yard. The best pieces are commonly used in- stead of the common incense (Benzoin) in the temples of the Hindoos. Robust Shorea. Tree 100 to 150 feet. 2 S. ROXBU'RGHII ; smooth ; leaves coriaceous, oval, rather emarginate at the point ; calyx smooth, as well as branches of panicle. 1? . S. Native of the East Indies. Differs from S. robusta in being smooth. Roxburgh's Shorea. Tree 100 feet. •f Species the names of which are only known from Roxburgh's hortus bengalensis. S S. TUMBUGGA'IA (Roxb.) from Coromandel. 4 S. LONGISPE'RMA (Roxb.) from Prince of Wales Island. 5 S. TALUVRA (Roxb.) from Ballaghat? Cult. See DiptcrocArpus for culture and propagation. III. DR YOB A'LANOPS (Zpvor, dryon, a forest, and fiaXavoc, from fta\\ta, hallo, to let grow, incense ; the resin is used as incense). Gaert. fruct. — Coleb. in asiat. res. 12. p. 535. with a figure. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5 -cleft, all the segments growing into broad reflexed wings. Petals 5, convo- lute in the bud. Anthers? Fruit 3-valved, 1-celled, 1 -seeded. Cotyledons fleshy, contortuplicate. — A large tree, with panicles of yellow flowers, and elliptic, obtusely acuminated, entire, coria- ceous, shining leaves, lower ones opposite, on short stalks. Sti- pulas awl-shaped. 1 D. CA'MPHORA (Colebr. in asiat. res. 1. c.) Jj . S. Native of Sumatra and Borneo. D. aromatica, Gaert. Shorea camphori- fera, Roxb. Camphor is extracted from the Laurus Cdmphora, with the aid of heat, but the natural camphor, in substance and of the greatest value, is furnished by this tree. Some of the trees are C or 7 feet in diameter, but it will produce camphor at a much earlier period, when the tree does not exceed 2 or 2^ feet in diameter. The same tree which yields oil would have produced camphor if unmolested, the former being supposed to be the first stage of the latter forming, and is consequently found in younger trees. The natives have no certain means of ascertaining the tree which produces either the one or the other, although there are some men, styled Toongoo Nyr Cappoor, who pretend to that knowledge, but they cannot give any reason for their judgment, beyond favourable dreams which superstition has rendered infallible ; but it must be admitted that this descrip- tion of people succeed better than others who go in search of camphor. Both oil and camphor are found in the heart of the tree, occupying a vacuum, which in others is frequently filled with pitch; but it does not extend to the whole length, on the con- trary they are found in small portions of a foot and a foot and a half long at certain distances. The method of extracting the oil is merely by making a deep incision with a Malay axe in the tree about 1 8 inches from the ground till near the heart, where a deeper incision is made, with a small aperture, and the oil, if any, in the tree gushes out, and is received in bamboos or any other utensil ; in this manner a party proceeds through the woods wounding the camphor trees, till they attain their object. The camphor is pretty nearly obtained in the same way. The trees are cut to the heart about the same height from the ground, as in the former instance, till the camphor is seen ; hundreds may be thus mutilated before the sought for tree is discovered. When attained, it is felled, and cut into junks of a fathom long, which are again split, and the camphor is found in the heart, occupying a space in circumference of the thickness of a man's 814 D1PTEROCARPE.E. III. DRYOBALANOPS. IV. HOFEA. V. VATERIA. VI. LOPHIRA. OCHNACE^. arm. The produce of a middle-sized tree is about 1 1 pounds, and of a large one double that quantity. The camphor thus found is called Se Tantong. It is often the case that the trees which have been thus cut, and left standing in that state, in 7 or 8 years after will again produce camphor, which is distin- guished by the name of Oogar, but is inferior in appear- ance to the first, though of the same quality. The sorts of camphor called belly and foot are the scrapings of the wood which surrounds it. The camphor obtained from this tree is much more pure than that obtained from any other plant. Camphor is also obtained from the, roots of the Cinnamon, Alpl- nia, Galdnga, Amomum Zedoaria, and several other plants ; but as the Laurus Cdmphora furnishes nearly all the camphor of the shops, we shall give the qualities and uses of camphor more particularly under that head. Sumatra Camphor-tree. Tree 100 feet. Cult. See Dipterocdrpus for culture and propagation. IV. HO'PEA (in honour of John Hope, M.D. once pro- fessor of botany at Edinburgh, who died in 178'6 ; he was one of the earliest lecturers on vegetable physiology, as well as a profound practical botanist). Roxb. cor. 3. p. 9. t. 210. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals, 2 of which are extended into wings. Corolla 5-cleft, convolute in aestivation. Stamens 10, inserted in the throat of the corolla, alternate ones bearing each 2 anthers. Anthers short. Fruit of a tender texture, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded. — A large tree, with ter- minal panicles of small, fragrant, yellow flowers. 1 H. ODORAVTA (Roxb. 1. c.) ^ • S. Native of Chittagong. Leaves on short stalks, ovate-oblong, shining, bifarious, waved, smooth, of a deep green. Flowers secund along the ramifica- tions of the panicle. Sweet-scented Hopea. Tree 80 feet. f Species only known by name from Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42. and 93. 2 H. SCA'PHULA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 93.) (j . S. Native of Mascal Island. 3 H. EGLANDULOSA (Roxb. 1. c. p. 42.) fy . S. Native of Tipperah. Cult. See Dipterocdrpus for propagation and cultivation. V. VATE'RIA (in honour of Abraham Vater, once profes- sor of medicine at Wirtemberg, author of some botanical disser- tations on the balsam of Mecca; he died in 1751). Lin. gen. 269. Roxb. cor. 3. p. 86. t. 288. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft ; segments at length reflexed. Petals 5, oval, emarginate, twisted in the bud. Stamens 40-50, short, inserted between the petals and the base of the germ. Anthers long, linear. Capsule 3-valved, 1-celled, and 1- seeded. Cotyledons stalked. — Large trees, with entire, smooth, coriaceous leaves, and terminal panicles of white flowers. Anthers yellow. 1 V. I'NDICA (Lin. spec. 734. Roxb. cor. 1. c.) leaves oblong; flowers rather remote on the ramifications of the panicle; stipu- las oblong. Jj . S. Native of Malabar. Elseocarpus copallf- ferus, Retz, obs. fasc. 4. p. 27. — Rheed. mal. 4. p. 33. t. 15. In the Bidinose country this tree is called Dammer-tree. When wounded it discharges a clear, pellucid, fragrant resin, acrid and bitter to the taste, at length becoming yellow and brittle like glass. This, according to Konig, is one kind of copal. Persons experienced in the use of this gum, so useful for varnishing anatomical preparations, know that there are several different things imported under the same name, which are not all equally soluble even in oil of lavender. The true gum copal is not from this tree, but it generally goes under that name in India ; the best specimens of the gum are employed as ornaments un- der the name of amber (Kahroba), to which it bears exterior re- semblance. In its recent and fluid state it is used as a varnish in the south of India, and dissolved by heat in closed vessels it is employed for the same purpose in other parts of-India. Indian Copal-tree. Tree 80 feet. 2 V. LANCEJEFOLIA (Colebr. asiat. res. 12. p. 538.) leaves lan- ceolate, fy . S. Native of the East Indies. This tree affords a resin, from which, as from other resins, the Indians prepare one of the materials of their religious oblations. Lance-leaved Copal-tree. Tree 60 feet. Cult. See Dipterocarpus for cultivation and propagation. § 2. Lophirce. Radicle inferior. VI. LOPHTRA (from Xo^oe, lophos, a crest ; in allusion to one of the sepals being extended out into a ligulate wing or crest). Gsert. fruct. 3. p. 52 and 53. t. 188. Pers. ench. 2. p. 80. LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals, 3 of which are very small, one very large, and ligulate with the one opposite it, 3 times smaller than it. Corolla of 5 petals. Sta- mens numerous. Anthers short? Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded, in- dehiscent, fleshy, soft. — Shrubs and trees, with long leathery pale-green leaves, resembling those of Theophrdsla, with ter- minal and axillary short racemes of white flowers. 1 L. AFIUCA'NA (Gasrt. 1. c.) leaves long-lanceolate, emargi- nate. Tj . S. Native of Sierra Leone, very common in dry places near Freetown, where it is called Scurby or Scruby oak. A small branching tree. African Scruby-oak. El. Feb. Clt. 1822. Tree 10 to 15 ft. 2 L. SI'MPLEX ; leaves long, lanceolate, obtuse at the apex. Tj . S. Native of Sierra Leone, on the mountains. This tree grows with a tall, straight, slender trunk, without branches, but with a tuft of leaves at the apex. Simple-stemmed Scruby-oak. Tree 30 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will suit these fine trees. The species have got tap roots, therefore they should be planted in as deep pots as possible, in order to give room to the roots to descend, or they will not live ; at the same time they require to be kept rather dry. Ripe cuttings will probably root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. Cohort IV. Fruit gynabasic, inserted in ajtcshy receptacle, with which the style is continuous. ORDER LXII. OCHNA'CE* (plants agreeing with ffchna in important characters). D. C. ann. mus. 17. p. 398. rec. mem. 1813. no. 5. D. C. prod. 1. p. 735. Calyx of 5 sepals, which are hardly connected at the base, permanent (f. 126. &.), imbricate in the bud. Petals 5, hypo- gynous (f. 126. d.\ caducous alternating with the sepals, rarely 10, spreading, imbricate in the bud. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals, or 10, or indefinite (f. 126. c.), inserted in the hypo- gynous disk, usually permanent ; anthers bilocular, inserted by the base. Ovaries equal in number to the petals. Style 1, fili- form, permanent, widened at base, bearing the ovaries on the sub- globose fleshy disk (f. 126. e.) called a gynobase. Carpels 1- seeded, indehiscent, inserted round the base of the style in a whorl (f. 126. 6.), somewhat drupaceous. Seeds without albu- men. Embryo straight, with a short radicle, and 2 thick co- tyledons.— Tropical smooth trees and shrubs abounding in a watery juice. Leaves alternate, simple, feather-nerved, entire, or toothed, with 2 caducous stipulas at the base of each. Flowers OCHNACEjE. I. OCHNA. II. GOMPIIIA. 815 racemose, for the most part yellow ; pedicels jointed in the middle or beneath the middle, rarely solitary. The roots and leaves of Walkera serrata are used in Malabar in decoction, either in milk or water, as a tonic, stimulant, stomachic, and anti-emetic. Synopsis of the genera. 1 O'CHNA. Petals 5-10. Stamens numerous ; filaments fili- form ; anthers linear or ovate, bursting lengthwise by 2 chinks. 2 GO'MPHIA. Petals 5. Stamens 10 ; filaments almost want- ing ; anthers long, erect, bursting by 2 pores at the apex. 3 WALKE'RA. Petals 5. Stamens 5. Anthers ovate. 4 ELVA'SIA. Sepals and petals 4. Stamens 8 ; filaments longish ; anthers opening by 2 pores at the apex. 5 CASTE'LA. Calyx 4-toothed. Petals 4. Stamens 8. An- thers inverted. I. O'CHNA (from a^vr/, ochne, the Greek name for the wild pear ; the present genus has some resemblance to a pear in foliage). Schreb. gen. no. 354. D. C. in mem. mus. 17. p. 410. prod. 1. p. 735. — O'chna, spec. Lin. LIN. SYST. Polyundria, Monogynia. Petals 5-10. Stamens numerous ; filaments filiform, permanent ; anthers linear or ovate, opening from the base to the top by a double chink. — Buds scaly. Flowers all yellow, rising in racemes from below the leaves from the wood of the preceding year. * Stigmas capitate. 1 O. OBTUSA'TA (D. C. in ann. mus. 17. p. 411. t. 1.) petals 8-10; leaves obovate, very blunt, serrated. T? . S. Native of the East Indies. O'chna sqnarrosa, Lin. spec. 731.? Roxb. cor. t. 8i). This tree is called Bokaerae in Ceylon, and Yerra- juvre by the Telingas. Flowers large, inodorous. Obtuse-leaved Ochna. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1790. Tr. 12 ft. 2 O. LU'CIDA (D. C. 1. c. no. 2.) petals 7-10 ; leaves obovate or oblong-ovate, acute, serrated. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Far. a; leaves obovate. O. lucida, Lam. ill. t. 472. f. 1. Var. /3 ; leaves oblong-ovate. O. squarrosa, Rottb. in act. dan. 2. p. 445. t. 6. exclusive of the synonyms. SAmm^-leaved Ochna. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. Sh. 6ft. 3 O. NITIDA (Thunb. prod. 67.) petals 5 ; leaves oblong, acute, serrated ; racemes short, crowded. Pj . S. Native of the East Indies. D. C. 1. c. no. 3. t. 2. Petals scarcely longer than the calyx. Nitid-leaved Ochna. Clt. 1816. Shrub 6 feet. 4 O. MULTIFLORA (D. C. 1. c. no. 4. t. 3.) petals 5 ; leaves oval-oblong, acuminated, almost entire ; racemes and pedicels very long. Jj . S. Native of Sierra Leone, in bushy places near the river-side, about Freetown. Many-flowered Ochna. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1823. Sh. 6 ft. 5 O. CILIA'TA (Lam. diet. 4. p. 511.) stigma a little lobed ; petals 5 ; leaves oval-oblong, serrately-fringed ; racemes short, few-flowered. Fj . S. Native of Madagascar. Fringed-leaved Ochna. Shrub 6 feet. 6 O. ATROPURPU'REA (D. C. 1. c. no. 5.) pedicels solitary, 1- flowered ; petals 5 ? leaves ovate, acutely toothletted ; lobes of calyx ovate. ^ . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — Pluk. aim. t. 263. f. 1 and 2. Burch. cat. no. 4126. Calyx purple. Petals yellow. Dark-purple-calyxed Ochna. Clt. 1816. Shrub 4 feet. 7 O. PARVIFOLIA (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 33.) pedicels solitary, 1 -flowered; leaves ovate, serrulated; petals 5 ? lobes of calyx 126. oval-oblong. Tj • S. Native of Arabia Felix. D. C. 1. c. no. 9. t. 19. Euonymus inermis, Forsk. segyp. t. 204. Small-leaved Ochna. Shrub 5 feet. 8 O. LANCEOLA'TA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 597.) leaves lanceolate, crenated ; peduncles usually solitary, shorter than the leaves. Jj . S. Native of Malabar. Lanceolate-leaved Ochna. Shrub 6 feet. 9 O. PU'MILA (Hamilt. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 224.) stigma capitate ? flowers subumbellate, terminal ; pedicels much longer than the peduncle, furnished with numerous bractea-like scales ; stem simple, erect. Tj . G. Native of Nipaul, in a wood called Terriany. Dwarf Ochna. Fl. Mar. Shrub 1 foot. * * Stigmas many-parted. 10 O. MAURITIA'NA (Lam. diet. FIG. 4. p. 522.) petals 5-6 ; leaves ob- long-oval, acute, toothletted ; petals 3-times longer than the calyx. Tj . 5. Native of the Mauritius, where it is called Bois de Jasmin. D. C. 1. c. no. 8. t. 5. Racemes short ; pedicels long. An elegant shrub, with whitish flowers, resembling those of jasmine. Mauritian Ochna. Clt. 1822. Shrub 6 feet. 11 O. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (D. C. 1. c. no. 7.) petals 5 ; leaves oblong, shining, a little serrated ; petals equal in length to the calyx. Ij . S. Native of Madagascar. Racemes simple, many-flowered. Madagascar Ochna. Shrub 6 feet. 12 O. ARBO'REA (Burch. cat. ined. no. 4012. D. C. prod. 1. p. 736.) flowers solitary, or 2 or 3 in a raceme ; petals 5 ; anthers linear, with 2 pores at the apex ; leaves oval-oblong, almost entire. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Tree Ochna. Clt. 1823. Tree 20 feet. Cult. Fine shrubs, bearing beautiful leaves and flowers, therefore the species are worth cultivating in every collection of stove plants. They will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and cuttings will strike root if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them, in a moderate heat. II. GO'MPHIA (from yofujios, gomphos, a club ; shape of fruit). Schreb. gen. p. 291. D. C. in mem. mus. 17. p. 414. prod. 1. p. 736. — Ochna species, Lin. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Petals 5. Stamens 10; filaments almost wanting ; anthers long, pyramidal, erect, open- ing at the apex by 2 pores. — Racemes simple or compound, ter- minal. Flowers of all yellow. * Leaves quite entire. 1 G. GRANDIFLORA (D. C. 1. c. no. 19. t. 17.) leaves ovate- lanceolate, blunt at the base, long-acuminated ; petals large, rather orbicular, a little longer than the calyx ; racemes panicled. Tj . S. Native of Brazil at Rio Negro. Great-flowered Gomphia. Shrub 4 feet. 2 G. AQUA'TICA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 14.) leaves oblong, acutish, rounded at the base, obsoletely veined ; racemes elongated, almost simple ; petals a little longer than the calyx. Tj . S. Native of South America, on the banks of the river Orinoco, near Javita. Cittorhynchus Javitensis, Willd. herb. Aquatic Gomphia. Tree 20 feet. 3 G. CASSINEFOLIA (D. C. 1. c. no. 21. t. 18.) leaves ovate, 816 OCHNACE^E. II. GOMI-HIA. somewhat cordate at the base, obtuse at the apex ; racemes simple. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow. Cassine-leaved Gomphia. Shrub 6 feet. 4 G. LAURIFOLIA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 741.) leaves oblong, taper-pointed at both ends, shining. >j . S. Native of Jamaica, on the mountains, and of Cayenne. Racemes panicled. Laurel-leaved Gomphia. Clt. 1823. Shrub 8 feet. 5 G. OLE^EFOLIA (St. Hil. bull, philom. 1823. p. 129.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, bluntish, pubescent, with revolute edges ; flowers panicled ; petals a little longer than the calyx. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. St. Hil. pi. rem. bras. 1. p. 124. t. 9. Olive-leaved Gomphia. Shrub 10 feet. 6 G. LONGIFOLIA (D. C. 1. c. no. 8. 1. 10.) leaves lanceolate, acute, cordate at the base, very long, a little toothed at the apex ; carpels globose ; flowers crowded, panicled. fj . S. Native of Guadeloupe. O'chna longif 61ia, Lam. diet. 4. p. 511. Long-leaved Gomphia. Shrub 6 feet. 7 G. GUIANE'NSIS (Rich. act. soc. nat. par. 1. p. 168.) leaves oblong, broad, blunt at both ends ; carpels globose ; racemes panicled ; flowers crowded. Tj . S. Native of Guiana and Brazil. D. C. 1. c. no. 7. t. 9. Ouratea Guianensis, Aubl. guian. 1. 1. 152? Leaves a little serrated. Guiana Gomphia. Shrub 6 feet. 8 G. OBTUSIFOLIA (D. C. 1. c. no. 4. t. 8.) leaves lanceolate, very blunt, or emarginate at the apex, tapering to the base ; stipulas intra-axillary, permanent ; racemes panicled, with short somewhat angular branches. ^ • S. Native of Madagascar. O'chna leevigata, VahL symb. 2. p. 49. O'chna obtusif olia, Lam. diet. 4. p. 510. Obtuse-leaved Gomphia. Shrub 6 feet. 9 G. PARVIFLORA (D. C. 1. c. no. 18. t. 16.) quite smooth; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, acute at both ends ; pa- nicle slender, rather loose, few-flowered ; flowers small ; petals oblong, a little longer than the calyx. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Racemes panicled. Small-flowered Gomphia. Shrub 6 feet. * * Leaves almost quite entire. 10 G. PARVIFOLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 65.) leaves nearly sessile, small, ovate, very blunt at the base, hardly serrated at the apex, pubescent beneath as well as the branches and pa- nicles ; flowers crowded, bracteate ; petals obovately orbicular, fj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes. Small-leaved Gomphia. Shrub 4 feet. 11 G. FLORIBU'NDA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 64.) quite smooth; leaves crowded, imbricate, oblong, acutish at both ends, obso- letely serrated ; racemes panicled, bracteate ; flowers crowded ; petals obovately-orbicular. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the pro- vince of Minas Geraes. Var. fl, major (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves longer and broader, less acute ; flowers less numerous. Bundle-flonered Gomphia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 12 G. SUAVE'OLENS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 63.) quite smooth; leaves oblong, acuminated, almost quite entire, nearly veinless ; panicle terminal, compact ; flowers very numerous, small ; petals about the length of the calyx ; anthers smooth. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers small, sweet-scented. Sweet-scented Gomphia. Fl. March. Shrub 6 feet. 13 G. CUSPIDA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 67.) quite smooth; leaves large, oblong, blunt, cuspidate, obsoletely serrated, lower ones quite entire ; racemes terminal ; anthers wrinkled trans- versely. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro. Pointed-leaved Gomphia. Fl. Oct. Shrub 10 feet. * * * Leaves subserrated, serrated, toothed, and toothletted. 14 G. ZEYLA'NICA (D. C. 1. c. no. 1.) leaves oblong, acumin- ated at both ends, a little toothletted ; racemes elongated ; car- pels globose. lj. S. Native of Ceylon. — Burm. zeyl. 123. t. 26. O'chna Zeylanica, Lam. diet. 4. p. 612. In Ceylon this shrub is called Bokterce. Ceylon Gomphia. Clt. 1823. Shrub 5 feet. 15 G. DEFE'NDENS (D. C. 1. c. no. 2. t. 6.) leaves oblong-lan- ceolate, a little toothed, acuminated at both ends ; stipulas intra- axillary, permanent ; racemes very long, simple, dependent. Tj . S. Native of Madagascar. Dependent-racemed Gomphia. Shrub 6 feet. 16 G. ANGULA'TA (D. C. 1. c. no. 3. t. 7.) leaves oblong, somewhat cuneated, narrow at the base, and a little cordate, dis- tantly serrated, on very short stalks ; stipulas intra-axillary, per- manent ; racemes panicled ; branches angular. t? . S. Native of Madagascar. Angular-branched Gomphia. Shrub 6 feet. 17 G. MALABA'RICA (D. C. 1. c. no. 5.) leaves oval-oblong, acute at both ends, toothletted, nerveless, shining ; racemes panicled. Jj . S. Native of Malabar, on rocks about Kande- nate. — Rheed. mal. 5. t. 52. Malabar Gomphia. Shrub. 18 G. SUMATRA'NA (Jack, mss. Hook. bot. misc. 4th part, p. 77.) leaves lanceolate, or oblong-oval, acuminated, obtusely denticulated, shining, somewhat 5-nerved ; stipulas intra-pe- tiolar, deciduous ; panicle terminal. Tj . S. Native of Sumatra. Sumatra Gomphia. Shrub 8 feet. 19 G. ANGUSTIF6LIA (Vahl. symb. 2. p. 49.) leaves lanceo- late, almost sessile, serrated at the apex, acute at both ends ; petals longer than the calyx ; lobes of calyx roundish. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Narrow-leaved Gomphia. Shrub 4 feet. 20 G. CASTANE-EFOLIA (D. C. 1. c. no. 9. t. 11.) leaves large, oblong, acuminated, coriaceous, shining, regularly and sharply serrated ; racemes panicled ; flowers crowded ; petals a little longer than the calyx. fj . S. Native of Brazil. Chesnut-leaved Gomphia. Shrub 10 feet. 21 G. ILICIFOLIA (D. C. 1. c. no. 10.) leaves oval-oblong, bearing on their edges a few large, spiny teeth ; racemes pa- nicled. fy . S. Native of St. Domingo. Holly-leaved Gomphia. Shrub. 22 G. JABOTA'PITA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 740.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, serrated from the base to the top ; petals 3-times longer than the calyx ; carpels with their base immersed in the receptacle. Tj . S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. O'chna Jabot^pita, Lin. spec. 731. Lam. ill. 472. f. 2. — Plum. amer. 42. icon. 153. Flowers very sweet, abundant on certain branchlets. Piso says the carpels of this shrub are astringent, and are not only eaten crude, but that an oil is expressed from them, which is used in salads. Jabotapita Gomphia. Clt. 1820. Shrub 6 feet. 23 G. SQUAMOSA (D. C. 1. c. no. 12. t. 12.) leaves oval-lan- ceolate, tapering to both ends, a little serrated ; stipulas broad at the base, awnedly-acute, permanent ; petals somewhat orbicular, length of calyx ; berries rather globose. Jj . S. Native of Tobago. Racemes panicled, simple, or forked. Scaly Gomphia. Shrub 6 feet. 24 G. NiiiDA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 739.) leaves oval- lanceolate, acuminated, serrated at the apex ; calyxes equal in length to the corolla ; berries ovate. f? . S. Native of Ja- maica and St. Thomas, in woods. Racemes panicled. D. C. 1. c. no. 13. t. 13. Panicle racemose. Nitid-leaved Gomphia. Clt. 1803. Shrub 8 feet. 25 G. ACUMINATA (D. C. 1. c. no. 14. t. 14.) leaves oval- oblong, abruptly acuminated, serrated from the middle to the apex ; petals about the length of the corolla. Jj • S. Native of Brazil. Racemes panicled. OCHNACE^E. II. GOMPHIA. III. WALKERA. IV. ELVASIA. V. CASTELA. 817 Acuminated-leaved Gomphia. Shrub. 26 G. RETICULA TA (Beauv. fl. d'ow. 2. p. 22. t. 722.) leaves lanceolate, serrated, acute, reticulately nerved ; racemes pani- cled. ^2 . S. Native of Guinea ; very common among bushes. Netted-\ea\ed Gomphia. Fl. Feb. June. Shrub 3 to 4 feet 27 G.MEXICA'NA (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 2. p. 21. t. 74.) leaves oval-lanceolate, serrated, tapering to the base and apex ; racemes short, crowded with flowers ; petals orbicular, unguiculate, length of calyx. Tj . S. Native of Mexico, between Acapulco and Chilpancingo. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. atner. 6. p. 13. Mexican Gomphia. Shrub 4 feet. 28 G. GLABE'RRIMA (Beauv. fl. d'ow. 2. p. 22. t. 71.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, very acute, shining, almost nerveless, serrated from the middle to the apex ; racemes simple. T? . S. Native of Guinea, in low bushy places. Very-smooth Gomphia. Shrub 4 feet. 29 G. HEXASPE'RMA (St. Hil. pi. usu. bras. no. 38. fl. bras. 1. p. 61.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, obsoletely ser- rated, but entire at the base and apex, veinless beneath ; panicles terminal; ovaries 6-7. 17. S. Native of Brazil, in the pro- vince of Minas Geraes. Stem arboreous, with corky bark. The inhabitants of Brazil employ the bark of this tree to cure wounds in cattle, occasioned by the bites of insects. Six-seeded Gomphia. Tree. 30 G. OLIVJEFORMIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 67.) quite smooth; leaves broad, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminated, obsoletely serrated, entire at the base ; flowers racemose, terminal ; anthers smoothish; receptacle fleshy, turbinate. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro. Olive-formed Gomphia. Shrub 1 5 feet. 31 G. CURVA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 68.) quite smooth; leaves large, nearly sessile, oblong-obovate, cuspidate, entire at the base and somewhat cuneated, veiny, serrated at the apex, very coriaceous, racemes compact, incurved ; pedicels tubercled ; petals longer than the calyx. T? . S. Native of Brazil. Curved-racemed Gomphia. Shrub 8 feet. 32 G. LU'CENS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 246.) leaves scattered, stalked, oblong-lanceolate, tapering to the base, remotely serrated, obsoletely veined, membranous, shining ; ra- cemes compound. Tj . S. Native of New Granada. Shining-leaved Gomphia. Shrub 10 to 12 feet. 33 G. OLAUCE'SCENS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 68. t. 13.) quite smooth ; leaves nearly sessile, a little imbricate, subcordate, ovate or oblong-ovate, mucronate, hardly serrated at the apex, rather glaucous'; racemes terminal, nearly simple ; petals large, obovate, exceeding the calyx ; anthers wrinkled transversely. Jj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes. Glaucous Gomphia. Fl. Sept. Shrub 8 feet. 34 G. SEMISERRA'TA (Mart, in act. bonn. 12. p. 41.) leaves elliptical, serrated in front, coriaceous; flowers panicled; petals orbicular, length of calyx. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Half-serraled-\eaved Gomphia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 35 G. PERS'ISTENS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 62.) quite smooth ; leaves oblong, acuminated, serrated, coriaceous, nearly veinless beneath ; flowers panicled ; calyx permanent ; petals obovate, about the length of the calyx : anthers smooth. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes. Permanent-calyxed Gomphia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 36 G. NERVOSA (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acu- minate, serrulated, veiny beneath ; racemes panicled ; anthers transversely wrinkled. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the pro- vince of Goyaz. G. venosa, Spreng. syst. app. p. 163. Nerved-leaved Gomphia. Shrub. 37 G. HU MILIS (St. Hil. 1. c.) suffruticose, quite smooth ; lower leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse at the base, upper ones ob- long, acute at both ends, somewhat serrated ; racemes panicled ; VOL. I. petals obovate, emarginate, exceeding the calyx in length ; anthers undulately wrinkled. T; . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, and in the southern part of the pro- vince of Goyaz. Stems simple. Humble Gomphia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 38 G. NA'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 66. t. 12.) suffruticose, pubescent ; leaves ovate-oblong, very blunt at the base, sub- cuspidate, serrated ; stipulas permanent, nearly linear, acu- minated ; flowers axillary, racemose, and in terminal, panicled racemes ; petals a little longer than the calyx ; anthers wrinkled undulately. *j . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes. Stems simple. Dwarf Gomphia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 39 G. CARDIOSPE'RMA (D. C. 1. c. no. 22. t. 19.) leaves oval, acute, finely serrated ; berries obcordately 2-lobed. fy . S. Na- tive of Guiana, in marshes. O'chna cardiosperma, Lam. diet. 4. p. 511. Flowers panicled. Heart-seeded Gomphia. Shrub 4 feet. Cult. Gomphia is a genus of most beautiful shrubs, which deserve to be cultivated in every collection of stove plants, for the elegance of their foliage and flowers ; they will thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and ripened cuttings will strike root, if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them, in a moist heat. III. WALKE'RA (in honour of Richard Walker, D.D., founder of the Botanical Garden at Cambridge). Schreb. gen. p. 150. D. C. prod. 1. p. 737. in ann. mus. 17. p. 421. Meesia, Gsert. fruct. 1. p. 344. but not of Hedw. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Petals 5. Stamens 5; anthers ovate. Drupe (ex Gaert.) obovately kidney-shaped. Embryo inverted, with a hooked beak. 1 W. SERRA'TA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 1145.) leaves serrateiy crenate ; racemes somewhat corymbose ; lobes of calyx lan- ceolate, fy . S. Native of Malabar and Ceylon. Meesia serrata, Gsert. fruct. 1. p. 344. t. 70. Tsjocatti, Rheed. mal. 5. t. 48. Flowers small, yellow. Drupes reddish. The roots and leaves are bitter, a decoction of them, either in water or milk, is used in Malabar as tonic, stomachic, and antiemetic. Serrated-\eaved Walkera. Clt. 1824. Shrub 12 feet. 2 W. INTEGRIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 737.) leaves entire; racemes simple, elongated ; lobes of calyx very short. Tj . S. Native of French Guiana. Petals yellow, coriaceous. Berries 2-3, often abortive. Entire-leaved Walkera. Shrub 8 feet. Cult. See Gomphia for cultivation and propagation. IV. ELVA'SIA (in honour of Francis Manoel d'Elvas, a Portuguese, who first illustrated the natural history of Brazil). D. C. in ann. mus. 17. p. 422. prod. 1. p. 738. LIN. SVST. Octandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. Stamens 8, 4 of which are opposite the petals, with longish fila- ments, and ovate, adnate anthers, which burst by 2 pores at the apex. Ovary seated on the columnar receptacle, 4-lobed, 4-celled, the lobes are neither distinct nor profound ; cells 1 -seeded. Ovul;t suspended from the inner angle. 1 E. CALOPHY'LLA (D. C. 1. c. no. 1. t. 20.). Ij . S. Native of Brazil. Leaves oblong, quite entire, with the veins parallel with the middle nerve. Panicles terminal. Flowers small, yellow. Ovary of 4 tubercles. Beautiful-leaved Elvasia. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. See Gomphia for cultivation and propagation. V. CASTE' LA (named by Turpin after M. Castel, author of a poem upon plants). Turp. ann. mus. 7. p. 78. t. 5. D.C, prod. 1. p. 738. 5M 818 OCHNACE^E. V. CASTELA. CORIARIEiE. I. CORIARIA. LIN. SYST. Dioecia, Monogynia. Calyx small, 4-cleft. Petals 4, alternating with the teeth of the calyx. Male flowers ; stamens 8, inserted with the petals and equal in length to them. Anthers inverse. Pistil abortive, minute. Female with 8 abortive stamens. Ovary 4-lobed, seated on a circular disk. Lobes 4, distinct, drupaceous, 1 -seeded, rising from a fleshy gynobase. Style 1, or hardly any, crowned by 4 recurved stigmas. Drupes 4, at length free. Seed inverted, with a superior radicle and 2 leafy cotyledons. Albumen sparing. — Small shrubs with alter- nate branches, which are spiny at the apex, alternate entire leaves, and small, axillary, yellow flowers. 1 C. DEPRE'SSA (Turp. 1. c. p. 79. t. 5. A.) leaves oval-oblong, sessile, somewhat cordate at the base ; spines axillary. Jj . S. Native of St. Domingo between Monte Christi and St. Yago. Flowers purplish. Depressed Castela. Shrub 2 feet. 2 C. ERE'CTA (Turp. 1. c. p. 80. t. 5. B.) leaves lanceolate, stalked ; spines infra-axillary. \} . S. Native of Antigua. Erect Castela. Shrub 2 feet. 3 C. NICHOLSONI (Hook. bot. misc. 3d part, p. 271. t. 54.) leaves elliptical, mucronulate, silky and hoary beneath, as well as the branches ; spines axillary ; stamens hairy. J? . S. Native of Antigua, where it is called Goat-bush by the Negroes. Flowers small, copper-coloured, dioecious. The whole plant is very bitter. Nicholson's Castela. Shrub 4 feet. Cult. See Gomphia for culture and propagation. ORDER LXIII. CORIARIE'-iE (plants agreeing with Coriaria in important characters). D. C. prod. 1. p. 739. Flowers hermaphrodite, monoecious or dioecious. Calyx (or perigone) of one campanulate 10-cleft sepal, the 5 outer lobes are ovate, larger than the 5 inner ones, which are callose, alter- nating with each other. Petals wanting. Stamens 10, pro- truding from the torus, 5 of which are between the outer lobes of the calyx and angles of the ovary, and the other 5 between the inner or callose lobes of the calyx, and the furrows of the ovary. Filaments filiform. Anthers oblong, 2-celled. Ovary seated on a thickish torus, 5-celled, 5-angled. Style wanting. Stigmas 5, long, awl-shaped, rising from the top of the ovary. Carpels 5, when at maturity almost free, approximate, indehiscent, 1- seeded, surrounded by large glandular lobes. Seed pendulous. Albumen wanting. Embryo straight, with a superior radicle, and 2 fleshy cotyledons. — Shrubs, with somewhat tetragonal, opposite or tern branches. Leaves opposite, simple, 3-nerved, entire, ovate or cordate. Leaf bud scaly. Racemes of flowers terminating the branches and branchlets, leafy at the base, sim- ple : pedicels opposite or alternate at the tops of the racemes, furnished with bracteas at their base, and usually with two in their middle. The proper place which this order should occupy in the natural system is very doubtful. It has been referred to Terebinthacece by old authors, but on account of the hypogy- nous insertion of the stamens and straight embryo, it cannot belong to it. By Jussieu it was referred to Atriplices, on account of its want of petals, but it has no other analogy with that order. I. CORIA'RIA (from corium, a hide. C. myrlifolia is con- siderably astringent, and is used not only in tanning leather, but in dying black colours). Niss. in act. par. 1711.1.12. D. C. prod. 1. p. 739. LIN. SYST. Dioe'cia, Decdndria. Character the same as that of the order. 1 C. MYRTIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 1467.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, triple-nerved, on short petioles, smooth ; racemes rather erect. ^ . H. Native of the south of Europe and north of Africa, in hedges and bushy places. Lam. ill. t. 822. Duham. arb. 1. t. 73. Wats, dend. brit. t. 103. Flowers hermaphro- dite, monoecious or dioecious, greenish. This shrub sends up many stems from the root, and is therefore useful to fill up vacancies in shrubberies and plantations. Myrtle-leaved Coriaria. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1629. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 2 C. MICROPHY'LLA (Poir. diet. 6. p. 87.) leaves ovate, blunt- ish, 5-nerved, almost sessile ; racemes nodding. Tj • G. Native of Peru. Flowers greenish. Small-leaved Coriaria. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 3 C. SARMENTOSA (Forst. prod. p. 377.) sarmentose, diffuse ; leaves cordate-ovate,' acuminated, quite entire, 5-nerved, on very short stalks ; racemes nodding. Tj . G. Native of New Zealand. Hook. bot. mag. t. 2470. Flowers brownish-green. Sarmentose Coriaria. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 4 C. RUSCIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 1467.) leaves cordate-ovate, acute, sessile, many-nerved ; racemes nodding, cylindrical. f? . G. Native of Peru, and of Chili, at Conception. — Feuill. per. 3. p. 17. t. 12. Leaves usually tern on the branches, but opposite on the branchlets. Flowers hermaphrodite, greenish. Butcher' s-broom-leaved Coriaria. Shrub. 5 C. PHYLICIFOLIA (Humb. in Willd. spec. 4. p. 819.) leaves subcordate, oblong, acute, stalked, 3-nerved, veiny ; peduncles hispid. T? . G. Native of Peru. Flowers greenish. PhyUca-leaved Coriaria. Shrub. 6 C. THYMIFOLIA (Humb. in Willd. spec. 4. p. 819.) leaves oblong, acute, stalked, 3-nerved ; petioles and peduncles hispid, fj . G. Native of Peru. Hardly distinct from the preceding. Thyme-leaved Coriaria. Shrub. 7 C. ATROPURPU RE A (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. D. C. prod. 1 . p. 740.) leaves cordate, ovate, acute, sessile, 3-nerved ; racemes terminal, cylindrical, simple, fj . G. Native of Mexico. Flowers with 5 petals and 5 styles, dark-purple. Dark-purple-fiovfered Coriaria. Shrub. Cult. The hardy species, C. myrti/blia, will thrive in any common soil, and is readily increased by cuttings of the roots or by suckers. The other species will all require the protection of a green-house ; they will thrive very well in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat ; and cuttings planted in the same kind of soil will readily strike root under a hand-glass. END OF VOL. I. LONDON : GILBERT & RIVINOTON, PRINTERS, ST. JOHN'S SQUARE. 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