|v' V SIl|? i.l^. l^tUIlifararij Nortlj Qlarolttia g'tatp Qlollpgf QK97 v. ^2:7 -z^-y^/2 105386 This book must not be taken from the Library building. ^ 25 Way 51 26M— 048 — Form 2 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2009 with funding from NCSU Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/generalsystemofg01dong GENERAL HISTORY DICHLAMYDEOUS PLANTS, COMPRISING COMPLETE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT ORDERS; TOGETHER WITH THE CHARACTERS OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES, AND AN ENUMERATION OF THE CULTIVATED VARIETIES; THEIR PLACES OF GROWTH, TIME OF FLOWERING, MODE OF CULTURE, AND USES IN MEDICINE AND DOMESTIC ECONOMY; THE SCIENTIFIC NAMES ACCENTUATED, THEIR ETYMOLOGIES EXPLAINED, AND THE CLASSES AND ORDERS ILLUSTRATED BY ENGRAVINGS, AND PRECEDED BY INTRODUCTIONS TO THE LINN^AN AND NATURAL SYSTEMS, AND A GLOSSARY OF THE TERMS USED: THE WHOLE ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE NATURAL SYSTEM. BY GEORGE DON, F.L.S. IN FOUR VOLUMES. Vol. L— THALAMIFLOR^. LONDON: PRINTED FOR J. G. AND F. RIVINGTON ; J. AND W. T. CLARKE; LONGMAN AND CO.; T. CADELL ; J. RICHARDSON ; JEFFERY AND SON; BALDWIN AND CRADOCK ; J. BOOKER; J. BOOTH; HARVEY AND DARTON ; S. BAGSTER ; SHERWOOD AND CO.; HARDING AND LEPARD ; J. F. SETCIIEL; WHITTAKER AND CO,; SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL; AND E. HODGSON. MDCCCXXXI. GILBERT & RIVINGTON, PRINTERS, ST. John's square. ADVERTISEMENT. The Proprietors take this opportunity of explaining the circumstances under which they find themselves reluctantly obliged to close the Work at its present stage. At the commencement of the undertaking the Editor arranged with them to complete it in Four Volumes ; but when the present or fourth volume was printed, he informed them for the first time, to their surprise, that his materials had proved so much more voluminous than he anticipated, that the descriptions of the remaining plants would fill more than two additional volumes of the same extent. They are compelled to add, that the circulation of the Work has hitherto been too limited to afford them any prospect of reimbursement of the large additional expense which would be incurred if they proceeded to complete the Work ; an expense which they had not originally contemplated. As, however, the Work has been compiled upon the Natural System, the description of that division of the science which is contained in the four published volumes is complete, and the volumes are consequently not, in this respect, rendered imperfect by the absence of the remaining two, since they contain a complete account of the Dichlamijdeous plants. In justice to the Editor they feel bound to add, that he has spared no labour to render the Work as comprehensive and perfect as possible ; and they are confident that no publication has hitherto appeared in this country which contains nearly so large a compass of valuable information upon that division of Botany of which it treats. They can only account for the confined circulation which the present Work has hitherto met with in the altered taste of the day for treatises of a less recondite and extensive nature. The Proprietors would be ready to complete the Work if they could hope for 105386 IV ADVERTISEMENT. sufficient encoui'agement from the Public to induce them to proceed in this unusually expensive undertaking. At the end of this volume new title-pages lor the four volumes are added, in accordance with their contents, as a " General Historij of the Dkhlamydcous Plants:' London, February, 1838. INTRODUCTION. In consequence of the increasing demand which has for some time existed for standard works upon Botany, Horticulture, and Agriculture, occasioned by the growing taste of the age for the study of these sciences, the proprietors of " Miller's Gardener's and Botanist's Dictionary" have caused to be prepared the " General System of Gar- dening AND Botany" contained in the following pages, which, together with the infor- mation comprised in the Dictionary of Miller, will combine the improvements and dis- coveries which the labours of modern writers have so amply contributed to the advancement of these sciences. In the formation of this work it was found necessary to deviate from the alpha- betical arrangement adopted in the Dictionary of Miller, in consequence of the numerous and almost daily changes which have taken place in the Botanical Nomenclature of late years, which have rendered that arrangement wholly useless as a mode of reference. It only remained, therefore, to choose between the Linnaean artificial method, and the Natural System of Jussieu ; but the numerous advantages of the latter, particularly in an extensive work like the present, were too apparent to leave any doubt in the mind of the Editor as to which he ought to adopt. In a work, professedly intended to form a Comjilete System of Vegetables, including the practical parts of Gardening and Agriculture, that plan of arrangement must undoubtedly be the best which brings under one view the genera and species of plants according to their relations of affinity, and therefore of their pro- perties. In the Linnaean artificial method, it often happens, that genera, intimately related, are separated far apart into different classes and orders, merely on account of the difference in the number of their stamens and pistils; a circumstance now found in many instances scarcely to be of sufficient importance, even to separate species, still less genera ; and with regard to an alphabetical arrangement, it must be evident to every one conversant with the sub- ject, that it cannot be employed with advantage in any branch of Natural History. The plan of the present work is founded on that of M. de Candolle, in his invaluable works entitled Regni Vegetahilis Systema Naturale and Prodromus, with such alterations as were rendered necessary by the rapid increase of science, and with numerous additions of new genera and species, amounting to more than a third of those enumerated by that learned botanist ; so that, when finished, the work will be found to be the most complete system of Vegetables yet a 2 IV INTRODUCTION. published ; comprehending, besides all the genera and species which have been published vip to the present time, descriptions of numerous plants never before puhUshecl, and derived chiefly from the Lambertian Herbarium. The characters of all the genera and species are derived either from the plants themselves, or from the original authorities where authentic specimens could not be procured. The object of the present work is to give a complete history and description of every species of ])lant hitherto known, in an easy and intelligible form, so as to enable even beginners in the science to understand it fully, and to ascertain without difficulty not only the name and history, but also the characters and affinities of any genus or species, together with its properties and best modes of culture and propagation. The first two pages of the present volume contain an outline of the System, with explanatory drawings by Mr. Hart, engraved on wood by Mr. Sly ; and a complete account of each order will be found in its proper place, illustrated also by drawings ; while the peculiar features which separate the different families, genera, and species from each other have been carefully pointed out, with their respective qualities and properties. A synopsis of the genera, with their essential characters, follows the description of each order, and where the genera are numerous, they have been divided into tribes, which will greatly assist the reader in his examination of them. In a subsequent part of the work, a full and comprehensive description of each genus Avill be found, including the de- rivation of the names ; and when these are derived from the Greek language, the original is given both in Greek and Roman letters, for the assistance of such of oiu* readers as are unacquainted with the Greek characters. The proper accentuation of each name is also given. Where the species are numerous, they have, for the sake of convenience, been distributed into sections marked thus. Sect. I. Sect. II. &c. : they are occasionally divided again into subsections, marked thus, § 1., § 2., &c. : and sometimes they are still further distin- guished by sub-divisions marked by stars, thus, * * * signifying 1, 2, &c. The names of the species are given with their original authorities, which are followed by their distinguishing characters, and with the usual signs indicative of the habit or duration of each species, whether tree, shrub, perennial, biennial, or annual ; their habitation in the garden, whether hardy, frame, greenhouse, or stove, &c. ; their native countries, and, as far as possible, the districts in which they are found, are noticed ; followed by the synonymes, and any other particulars which are likely to assist the student, such as the colour of the flower, &c. The description of each species is followed by a line containing the literal translation of the name in italic characters, and the English name (where such exists) ; the time of flower- ing ; and the date of the introduction of such as are grown in the British gardens ; the height to which the plant, shrub, or tree commonly grows, and if a climber or twiner ; thus : Long-leaved Rock-iose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1790. Shrub 3 feet high. INTRODUCTION. V The culture and propagation is given at the end of each genus, while the culinary and agricultural ])lants, and those employed in medicine or used for economical purposes, together with the fruits, are treated at large under their respective species. According to the system now universally followed of natin-al affinity, all plants are separated into two great divisions, namely, the Vasculares and Ccllulares. The first of these divisions is again separated into two classes, the Dicotyleclonece and the Monocotyledoncfe, distinctions which refer to the number of cotyledons of the embryo. The second division also comprehends two classes, the Foliacece and the Aphijlla;, characterised, as their names import, by their leafy or leafless habit. The first class, Dicotyledonece, is divided into four subclasses, namely, the Thalamiflorce, Calyciflorce, Coroll'iflorce, and Monoclilamydece ; of which the three first are distinguished by a double floral envelope, that is, by their flowers having both a calyx and corolla; and also by the insertion or situation of the stamens; while the fourth is distinguished by a simple floral envelope, which, by later writers, has been denominated a perianth, and frequently rivals a corolla in its colour. For farther details on these points the reader is referred to the first pages of the present volume. In the sub- class Thalamiflorce the orders or families are subdivided into four groups or sections, depending on the number of the carpels and the situation of the placentas, see pages 2. 127. 379. and 814 of the present volume. By attending to these particulars the student will readily acquire a knowledge of the class, svibclass, order, genus, and, finally, the species, to which any plant belongs. A beginner should first ascertain the volume comprising the sub- class in which the plant he wishes to know is included, by dissecting a flower and observing the situation or insertion of the stamens ; as, for instance, if a plant belongs to the Dicoty- ledonece, and possesses both calyx and corolla, and has its stamens inserted in the receptacle, the plant will be found in the First Volume ; if the stamens are fixed in the calyx, or in a dish which adheres to the calyx, in the Second Volume ; if in the tube of the corolla, in the Third Volume, which will also contain those \i\Rnis \)0%^e?>iimg n simjile florcd envelope, with the stamens inserted in it. The second class, Monocotijledonece, comprising the Grasses, Reeds, Palms, Lilies, Pine-apples, Orchideous and Scitamineous plants, and all those having the veins of their leaves simple (see page l.f. 1. 7-sJ and not branched, as in the Dicoty- ledo7iece (see page 1. /. 1. 3 J will be found in the Fourth Volume ; which will also include the Ferns, the only family of the Cellidares, or Cryptogamia, which will be included in the work. Therefore, when the name and history of any particular plant are wanted, the grand division to which it belongs should be ascertained first ; next the class, sub-class, order, and genus, and, finally, the spiecies ; for which purpose the numerous wood-cuts inserted throughout the work will be found of great assistance, as giving the peculiar features of the plants contained in the different orders. VI INTRODUCTION. Having thus endeavoured to give some idea of the nature of the arrangement adopted in the following pages, it now only remains for us to point out the nature of those characters on which the distinctions of orders, genera, and species depend. The orders or families are founded on the same principles as the genera, being merely genera of a more com- prehensive nature, as a genus is a group of species having a close relationship or affinity to each other, but whose characters are of a less important nature, than the order itself When the genera of a particular order are numerous, they have been grouped into szih- orders or tribes, whose characters are of less importance than those of the orders, but greater than those of the genera ; the characters on which all these are founded, are usually derived from the fruit, flowers, and seed, and the appearance of the leaves, whether stijmlate or exstipulate, alternate, or opposite ; but species differ from each other in the shape, nature, or position of the leaves, petals, bracteas, &c., and in the situation and disposition of the flowers. Genera, whereof the species are numerous, have been separated into sections and divisions, which may be termed sub-genera, being distinguished by characters of a lesser importance. Varieties are either minor distinctions depending upon soil, situation, habita- tion, culture, or colour of the flowers, but when they possess features of a more permanent nature they have been termed sub-sjjecies. Hybrids are plants arising from the commixture of two species, and which by impregnation partake of the nature and properties of both parents. We shall conclude these introductory observations with an outline of the Linnaean artificial method, a knowledge of which may be of advantage to some readers of the system, as the Linntean class and order are given at the beginning of each generic character in the body of the work : and with instructions for the management of hothouse plants, &c. INTRODUCTION TO THE ARTIFICIAL SYSTEM OF LINNyEUS. CLASSES. Class IV. Tetrandeia (from rirpa^, four). Stamens FIRST GRAND DIVISION. ^°'^; ^^''^ ^''''""'' , Class V. Pentandria (from -Kivri, Jive). Stamens Plants with conspicuous flowers, that is to say, having five. Example Solan inn. the parts of fi-uctification evident. Class VI. Hexandria (t?, sw). Stamens six. Ex- § 1. Flowers hcrmaphrocUte. ample i\^arcm».. Class VII. Heptandria (from jTrra, seren). Stamens * Stamens not united. se^,gn. Example JEsculus. Class I. Monandria (from hovoq, one, and avnp av- Class VIII. Octandria (from oktw, eight). Stamens Spoe, a male). Stamen one. Example Canna. eight. Example Erica and Fuchsia. Class II. DiANDRiA (from 8(c, twice). Stamens two. Class IX. Enneandria (from ivvia, nine). Stamens Example Veronica. nine. Example Bheum. Class III. Triandria (from rpti^, three). Stamens Class X. Decandria (from Seko, ten). Stamens ten. three. Example Crocus and Valeriana. Example Rhododendron and Baptisia. INTRODUCTION. vu Class XI. DoDECANDRiA (from dwSsKa, iwelve). Sta- mens twelve. Example Sempen-inim. Class XII. IcoSANDRiA (from nKotn, twenty). Stamens indefinite, but usually twenty, inserted in the calyx. Examples Pruniis and Pi/rus. Class XIII. PoLYANDRiA (from TToXu, »(r/«y). Stamens indefinite, inserted in the receptacle. Examples Paparer and Ranunculus. Class XIV. DiDYNAMiA (fi-om StCj twice, Suo, teo, and vrifia, a jUament). Stamens twice two, four, two long, and two short. Examples Lamium and Digitalis. Class XV. Tetradynamia (from TeTpa,foui; Svo,tn-o, and I'ljjua, a Jilament). Stamens six, four long, and two short. Examples Brassica and Sinapis. * * Stamens united hi/ thejilaments. Class XVI. MONADELPHIA (from juovoe, one, and nSfXi^oc, a brother). Stamens united by the filaments in one body. Example Malva. Class XVII. DiADELPHiA (from ^iq, twice, and aSfX^oc, a hrother). Stamens vmited by the filaments into two bodies ; in diadelphous pea-flowers the whole are usually connected in one body, -nith a single one only free. Examples Fumaria and Pisum. Class XVIII. PoLYADELPHiA (fi'om TToXv, many, and fiSfX^oc, a brother). Stamens united by the filaments into more than two bodies. Example Hypericum, * * * Stamens united by the anthers or tops into a cylinder. Class XIX. Syngenesia (from r. procumbent. Lin. si/st. Linnaean system. Hort. or Hortul. signifying of the gardens or of gardeners. Sect. Section, a division of species. V. s. herb. Lamb. See Specimen in the Lamber- tian herbarium. I.e. in loco citato, signifying in the place or work cited above. D. Dry, succulent plants requiring a dry atmosphere. S. Stove or hothouse. G, Greenhouse. F. Frame. H. Hardy. JV. Aquatic. B. Bog. ^2 . Tree or shrub. % . Perennial herbaceous. $ . Biennial. ©. Annual. ^. Climber. '^. Twiner. ■j- Doubtful, not ascertained. ?. Expresses a doubt. § Indicating subsections or divisions of orders, gCTiera, and species. * Stars indicate divisions of species founded on sliglit cha- racters. a 2 GLOSSARY BOTANICAL AND MEDICAL TERMS USED THROUGHOUT THE WORK. A. .1 in composition signifies without, as apliyllus, without leaves ; acauHs without a stem. .Abbreviate, used in comparative descriptions, in- dicates that one part is shorter than another. Aberrant, deviating from tlie natural or direct way ; applied in natural history to species or genera that deviate from the usual characters of their neighbours. .Ibortion, signifies an imperfect development. .Ibruptly-pinnate, leaves pinnate without a terminal or odd leaflet. .Ibslergent, cleansing ; having a cleansing quality. Accessory, something added to the usual number of organs. Accrete, grown together. Accumbent, lying on, prostrate, supine ; this term is employed in Crucifera to signify a radicle which lies upon the edge of the cotyledons. Acerose, needle-pointed, fine, and slender, with a sharp point. Acetarious, any thing belonging to the salad tribe of vegetables. Acicular, needle-shaped, shaped like a needle. Acinaciform, shaped like-a scimitar. Acutangular, having sharp or acute angles. Acumen, a taper point. Acuminate, acuminated, having a taper point. Acuminately-cuspidate, taper-pointed, and ending in a bristle. Adglutinated, glued together, or to any thing else ; usually applied to filaments and antliers. Adnate, adhering to any thing ; antliers are said to be adnate when they are attached to the filament by their wOiole length. Adult, the full grown of any thing ; full grown leaves are adult leaves. .'Eruginous, having a colour like that of aerugo, or verdigris. ^Estivation. The calyx and corolla of a flower is said to be in aestivation when in the bud, before expansion. Agslomerate, ),,..,•. , , , ./ / f d I collected into a heap or head. }' Aggregate. Aggravated, gathered together, usually applied to tlie inflorescence, a name given by the Italians to any kind of lemons. Akenium, an indehiscent pericarp, containing a single seed, which does not adhere to it ; it is synonymous with seed in the Linnaean language. Albumen, the substance under the inner coat of the testa of seeds, surrounding the embryo; it is sometimes absent. Albuminous, furnished with all)umun ; see that term. 0 Alburnum, the young W'ood before it comes to a pro- per consistence. Alembick, a vessel used in distilling, or acting like a still. Alkalescent, having the properties or eSects of alkali. Alkali, any substance which, when mingled with acid, produces fermentation. Alternating, alternate with any thing mentioned. Alveolate, resembling a honey-comb. Alvine, of or belonging to the intestines. Ament, \ a catkin, mode of inflorescence, as the Amentum, ) hazel and the willow. Amylaceous, having the properties of starch. Anastomosing, uniting of vessels, veins, or nerves. Androgynous, producing both male and female blos- soms on the same plant, or in the same spike or head. Anfractuous, full of turning and winding passages. Angular, having angles, or forming angles. Angularly-toothed, being toothed in such a manner as to form angles. Aunulations, rings or circles. Annular, circular, producing a ring or circle. Anterior, growing in front of some other thing. Anthelmintic, capable of killing worms. Antheriferous, bearing anthers. Anlhophoriim, an elongated receptacle on which the petals, stamens, and ovary are seated. Anthers, the male parts of a flower containing the fecundating matter. Anti-pestilential, eflScacious against pestilence. Anti-phrasis, the use of words in a sense opposite to that of some neighbouring parallel sentence. Anti-scrophulous, anti-scorbutic, efficacious against scurvy. Anti-septic, eflScacious against putrefaction. Aperient, having a slight purgative quality. Apetalous, witliout petals. Ape.T, the summit of any thing. Aphthous, resembUng something covered with little ulcers. Apiculate, \ terminating in a little -point, termi- Apiculated, ) nated. Apophysis, a swelling beneath the theca of mosses. Appendages, that which is attached, in Caryophyllea, the crown of the petals. Appendent, > . ■ , , , Amendant I "^"0'"^) ^n approach to pendulous. Appendiculatc, J , . , Appendiculaled, r^""^ appendages. Appendix, any thing that is attached, a process. , pressed close to any thing. When Appressed, J hairs lie flat upon the surface of a Adpressed, j leaf or stem, they are said to be ap- ^ pressed. Approximate, \ Approximated, i-near together. Ap^proximating, ) Apterous, without wings, or the membranous mar- gins, which botanists call wings. Aquatic, growing in water. Arboreous, being a tree as distinguished from fru- tescent. Arborescent, having a tendency to become a tree. Arcuate, } curved or bent like a bow, forming an Arcuated, ) arch. Arched. See Arcuate. Areolte, little spaces or areas on the surface of any thing ; the spaces between the cracks in lichens are the areolte. Areolate, \ having areoltC ; the adjective of the last Areolated, S word. Aridity, dryness. , a process of the placenta adhering to the Aril, I hiluin of seeds, and sometimes envelop- Arillus,^ ing them ; a peculiar substance cover- ^ ing the seeds. Arillate, having that peculiar appendage called arillus ; the term is only applied to seeds. Aristatc, \ having a beard or awn, as the glumes of Aristated, S barley. Aroma, the spicy quality of a thing. Articulate, ").-.., ■ ... Articulations, the places where one thing is jointed with another; another word for joints. Ascendant, Ascendent, Ascending, Asci, small tubes in which the sporules of crypto- gamic plants are placed. Ascigerous, having asci. Assurgent, rising upwards. Attenuate, } ^ . j, ,, Attenuated, < ^^V"'^"S gradually to a point. at first trailing on the ground, then rising erect, forming a curve. ^iculate, ) Auriculoled, J-havin ear-like appendages. ■led, j Auricles, ear-like appendages. Auriculately-sagittate, eared at the base, so as to give the leaf the appearance of the head of an arrow. Auriculately-stem-clasping, having auricles at the base clasping the stem ; applied to leaves. Awl-shaped, narrow-pointed, resembling an awl. Awncd, terminating in an awn or sharp point. Awnedly-acuminated, tapering to a point, and ter- minating in an awn. Awns, the beard of corn or any thing else. . -I ( literally the arm-pit ; in plants applied to Axille I ''^^ angle formed by the union of the ' ' y leaf and stem. Axil-flowering, flowering in the axils of the leaves. Axillary, placed in the axils or axillae. Axis, the line, real or imaginary, that passes through any thing, usually applied to the central placenta of fruit ; the axis of a spike of flowers is the stem to which the flow'ers are attached. GLOSSARY. XUl Biircati; berried, flesliy. Barred, crossed by a paler colour in spaces resem- bling bars. Basilar, situated at the base of any thing, usually applied to the embryo when situated at the bot- tom of the seed. Beak, any tiling which resembles the beak of a bird, hard, sharp points ; in Aconitum the point which ends the helmet or upper sepal. Beaked, having a beak. Bearded, having long hair like a beard. Beardless, destitute of a beard. Berry, a fleshy fruit, containing many seeds, as the gooseberry and grape. Biauricnlate, having two auricles. Bibracteotate, furnished with two small bracteas; which see. Bibractcate, furnished with two bracteas. See Bracteas^ Bicaltose, \ having two small callosities or protu- Bicallous, f berances. Bicrenate, twice crenate. See Crenate. Bicitspidate, having two points. Bidenlate, having two teeth. Biennial, a plant is biennial, which requires two years to bear its fruit, and then dies. Bifarious, any thing placed in two opposite rows. Bifarioiisly-imbricated, any thing placed in two op- posite rows, as well as being laid over each other, like the tiles of a house. Bifid, divided at the top in two parts, two cleft. Bifidlii-nmbelliferous, having an umbel of flowers divided into two parts or divisions. Bifoliate, having two leaves or leaflets. Bij'oveolate, having two hollows. Bifurcation, the division of a stem when it is divided like a fork into two branches. Bifurcate, twice forked, or having two forks. Bigeminate, twin, each division bearing a pair of leaflets. Jii'n "'"' 1 'i*^i"g t™° protuberances. Biglandular, having two glands. Biglobose, formed into two round heads. Bilabiate, having two lips. Bilamellate, \ having two plates or divided into two Bilammellate, } parts. BiUgulate, having two ligulas, or strap-shaped ap- pendages. Bilocular, containing two cells, or divided into two cells, or departments. Bimaculate, having two spots of any colour. Binate, having two leaflets, twin. Biovulate, containing two ova, or young seeds ; seeds before they are mature are called ova. Bipartite, divided into two parts< Bipinnate, twice pinnate. See Pinnate, Bipinnate-parted, divided in a bipinnate manner but not to the base. Biijintiatifid, twice pinnatifid. See Pinnatifid. Biplicate, having two plaits. Birimose, having two longitudinal chinks, or fissures. Bisaccate, having two little sacks, bags, or pouches. Biscutate, resembling two bucklers. Biserrate, \ twice cut, like the teeth of a Biserrate-tootked, f saw. Bistipulate, furnished with two stipidas. See 5//- pulas. Bisulcate, having two furrows. Biternate, twice ternate. See Ternate. Bivalved, two valved. See I'alvcd. Blanching, made white by being grown in a dark place, or by being covered with any thing. Bland, fair, beautiful. Blight, a vague term, signifying a pestilence among plants, caused by the attack of insects, or of para- sitical fungi. Blistered, having the surface raised, as the skin is when blistered. Braehiate, having arms or branches, usually placed opposite to each other nearly at right angles with the main stem, and crossing each other alter- nately. Braeteate, having bracteas. Bracleolate, having small bracteas. Bracteoles, small bracteas. Bracteas, small leaves placed near tlic calyx on the peduncle or pedicel. Bructhss, destitute of bracteas. Branchlets, small branches. Bristles, stiff hairs. Brislli/, covered with stiff hairs. Bristly-toothed, having teeth like bristles, or with the teeth ending each in a bristle. Bud, the flower or leaves before expansion are said to be in the bud. Bulbiferous, bearing bulbs. Bulbs, imderground buds, resembling roots, con- sisting of numerous fleshy scales, placed one over the ether. Burry, covered with hooked stifi" hairs, like the heads of the burdock. C. Caducous, falling off soon. Ctesious, grey. Caspitose, growing in little tufts. Calcarate, spurred, or having a spur. Calceiform, formed like a little shoe. Calli, small callosities, or little protuberances. Callose, callous, hardened. Callously-glandular, having hardened glands. Callously-serrated, having hardened serratures. Calyciform, formed like a calyx. Calyciiie, of or belonging to the calyx. „ . . Shaving bracteas so placed as to re- f I I , 'i \ semble an external or additional Caluculated, \ , •^ ' \^ calyx. Calyptra, literally an extinguisher, applied to the body which covers the theca in mosses ; any thing in the shape of an extinguisher. Calyplrate, resembling an extinguisher. Cahjptriform, shaped like an extinguisher. Calyx, the outer envelope of a flower, as the corolla is the inner. Campanulate, shaped like a bell. Canaliculate, channelled or furrowed. Cancellatc, latticed, resembling lattice-work. Cnncscent, hoary, approaching to white. Capillary, very slender, resembling a hair. Capillaccous, very slender, resembling a hair. Capillaceously-multifid,\ divided into many slender Capillary-multifid, j hair-like segments. Capitate, growing in a head ; a stigma is said to be capitate when it is large, round, and blunt. Capitately-glomerate, growing in a clustered head. Capitellate,'\ growing in small heads ; a stigma is Capitular, > said to be so when it is small, round, Capitulate, J and blunt. Capituli, small heads. Capsule, a dry fruit. Capsular, like a capsule. Carbonized, burned to coal. Carina, a keel like that of a boat ; also the lower petal of a pea-flower. Carinate, keel-shaped, Carinately-winged, having a wing resembling a keel. Carinately-concave, hollowed in such a manner as to resemble a keel externally. Cariopsis,orCariopsides, a 1-celled, small, indehiscent pericarp, adhering to the seed which it contains, as the grain of grasses and clematis. Carminative, medicines which promote perspiration. Carnose, fleshy, thick substance. Carpel, "j the small parts of which compound fruits Carpels, > are formed, as those of Ranunculus, Carpelln, } Peednia, and Aconitum, Carpelled, having carpels. Carpotogy, the science which treats of the structure of fruits and seeds. jr ^ ecus or uepa ntral-angle, I 'itral-a.vis, < 'ttral-colunm, i Cent, Central- Cen Cartilaginous, gristly. Cartilaginously-ioothed, having gristly teeth. Cartilaginously-serrated, having gristly serratures. Caruncle, a small protuberance. Carunculate, having a caruncle. Cataplasm, a plaster. Catarrhal, of or belonging to a cold. Cathartic, purgative. Cat/an, inflorescence of the natural order Amentu- ce(C, as the willow. Caudate, tailed, having a process like a tail. Caude.r, the trunk or stem of palms and ferns. Caudicula, a small membranous process, on which the pollen of orchideous plants are fixed. Caulescent, acquiring a stem, having a kind of stem. CauUculc, the little stem in the embryo which unites the cotyledons with the radicle. Cauline, of or belonging to the stem. Caustic, having a burning quality. Cautery, that which burns. Cellular, composed of cells. Cell, the hollow part of a capside, in which the seeds are lodged, and the part of anthers which contains the pollen. Celled, having cells, 1-2-3 or 4-celled, having 1-2-3- or 4 cells or departments, and so forth. the colunui in the centre of fruits to which the seeds are some- times attached, and sometimes the partitions. Central-placenta, the column in the centre of fruits to which the seeds are attached. Cephalic, medicinal to the head. Ceraceous, wax-like. Cernuous, nodding, drooping, or pendulous. Chaffy, bearing processes resembling chaft". Chalaza, a spot on the seed, indicating where the vessels of the raphe terminate. Channel-leared, folded together, so as to resemble a channel for conducting water. Channelled, having a channel or channels. Charred, blackened by fire. Chlorosis, the green sickness, a disease so called. Chinks, longitudinal fissures. Chinked, having longitudinal fissures. Chrysalis-like, like the chrysalis of an insect. Cilia; hairs like those of the eye-lasb. Ciliated, \ surrounded by hairs like those of the Ciliary, ) eye-lash. Ciliately-toothed, having teeth like the hairs oi tlif eye-lash. Ciliary-scabrous, having rough ciliated margins. J.,'.""'^, ^^"'' ' l havine serratures like cilice. Citiatefy-serrated, ) ° Ciliately-jagged, having unequal notches like cilia;. Ciliately-plumose, having long hairs on the edges like the feathers of a quill. Cinereous, ash-coloured, or coloured like ashes, grey. Cinereously-canescent, between white and ash-co- loured. Cinereously-glaucous, between sea-green and asli- coloiu-ed. Cinereously-pnbcscent, covered with grey pubescence. Cinereously-tomentose, covered with grey tomcntum. Cinereously.villous, covered with grey villi. f(«irn/i-«','inhabitants of or belonging to Ceylon. Circinate, \ curled round like a sharp crook, to Circinnate,) make a circle. Circinal, resembling a circle. Clrcinately-revolute, curled round like a circle. Circinately-trochleate, curled roimd like a pully. Cirrhose, \ tendrilled, having tendrils or clasjiers, Cirrhous, S as the pea. Cirrhiferous, bearing tendrils or claspers. Clammy, viscid, sticky. Ctathrate, latticed, divided like lattice-work. Clavate, \ club-shaped, shaped like a club, the thick Clavated, ( end uppermost. Clavellose, having chib-shaped processes. Clavus, a name for the ergot, a disease in corn. Claws, the unguis of petals, the narrow end. - Claived, having claws. XIV GLOSSARY. CVt//, divided, but not exactly to the base, split. Clhiandrium, that part of the column of orchideous plants in which the anther lies. Closed, that wiiich is closed up, leaving no aper- ture ; the throat nf a flower with hairs or other processes; jiressed together, not spreading Close-pressed, when any thing lies quite close upon a surface it is said to be close-pressed. Clustered, disposed in clusters. Clifpeate, shaped like a Roman buckler. Coaduiiate, united together, soldered together. Coarctute, pressed together. Cuhwehbed, covered as if with a cobweb. Cochleate, \ twisted so as to resemble the shell of Cochleated, } a snail. Cocculiferoiis, bearing coccula. Cocculum, a kind of cell wliich opens with elasticity ; a kind of membranous spring. Cohering, connected. Coh'orhiza, a little sheath which tips the radicle in cruciferous plants. Collapsion, the act of closing or falling together. Columella, the axis of the fruit in mosses. Columnar, formed like a column. Compact, close, crowded, Complatiate, flattened. Compound, used in botany to express the union of several things in one ; thus a compound umbel is formed by several simple umbels ; if above one it is always called compound ; a compound flower by several simple flowers; a comjwund leaf by several smaller leaflets. Compressed, pressed together, and flattened. Concave, hollow. Concave-citcuUate, hollowed out in the form of a hood. Concentric, points or lines at equal distances from a common centre. Concrete, formed into one mass, or joined together. Conduplicate, twice doubled, or twice folded. Cone. See Strobile. Conferruminate, 1 uni ted together, so as to be un- Conferriwwtfited, ) distinguishable. Confluent, running into one another at the base or apex. Conglutinate, glued together into one mass. Conico-cylindrical, { ''°™' °^ "" cylinder, but taper- J '"o 'o ^ point. Conico-subulate, \ •■'«l-«'!aped and conical, ta- V. pering to a point. Conical, resembling a cone in shape. Conicalhj-subidate, benveen cone-shaped and awl- shaped, thickest at the base. Conic-ovate, between egg-shaped and conical. Conjugate, joined by pairs, chiefly applied to leaves. Co««a/e, joined together at the base. When two op- posite leaves are joined together at the base, with the stem running through the centre of the joined part, it is called a connate leaf. Connivent, ^ .... , Conniviniy f converging, lying close together. Conoid, shaped like a cone. Constricted, tightened or contracted in some parti- cular place. Continuous, uninterrupted connectior. Contiguous, so close as to touch one another. ContortHpVtcale, twisted in plaits. Contracted, narrowed in some particular place. Coni'ex, rising in a circular form. Convolute, rolled together, or over each other. Coralloid, like coral. Cordate, formed like a heart in cards. Cordate, when it is joined by a hyphen to another word, signifies a figure between the two, as cor- date-reniform ; cordately-reniform, a figure be- tween heart-shaped and kidney-shaped ; cordate- triangular, a form between heart-shaped and tri- angular ; cordate-roundish, circular and cordate ; cordate-oblong, oblong and cordate ; cordate-sagit- tate, cordately-sagittate, between heart-shaped and arrow-shaped ; cordate-auriculate, having auricles at the base, so as to give the leaf the figure of a heart ; cordate-orbicular, a figure between a heart and a circle ; cordate-lanceolate, cordate-peltate, a form between that of a buckler and a heart. Coriaceous, the consistence of leather, thick and tough. Corolla, the inner envelope of a flower ; the coloured part of a flower, composed of a petal or petals. The term is only applied when the calyx is pre- sent ; otherwise it is called a perianth, which see. Corollaceous, like a corolla, a corolla. CoroUate, like a corolla. Corneous, horny, of the consistence of horn. Corniculate, ^ having processes like small horns, Corniciilatcd, S or like horns. Corona, literally a crown ; applied in botany to the crown-like cup which is found at the orifice of the tube of the corolla in Narcissus or other flowers. Corpuscle, a small body, a particle of any thing. Corroborant, strengthening. Corrosive, having the power to eat away. Corrugate, > • , , , l • i, j Corrn°at'd f ''"'"'"'^^^'i °^ shrivelled. Cortical, of or belonging to bark. Corticate, like bark. Corymb, a raceme or panicle, in which the stalks of the lower flowers are longer than those of the upper, .so that the flowers themselves are all on the same level. Corymbiferous, bearing a corymb. Corymbose, formed or arranged in the manner of a corymb. Coryinbosely-cymose, arranged in a manner between a corymb and a cyme. Corymbosely-fastigiate, between fastigiate and co- rymbose. Corymbosely-racemose, arranged between racemose and corymbose. Corymbosely-iimbellate, arranged in a manner be- tween an umbel and a corymb. Corymbulose, formed of many small corymbs. Cosmetic, beautitying. Costate, ribbed, any longitudinal elevations. Cotyledons, seed-leaves, the first leaves from seed. Creeping, spread upon the ground, and rooting at the joints. Crenatures, the notchings. Crena, round notches. Crenate, or Crennted, having round notches. Crenate-angtdar, crenate and angular. Crenulate, full of small round notches. Crenately-serrated, Crenate-serrate or serrated, with notched serratures ; that is to say, something between crenated and serrated. Crenately-lobed, so deeply crenated as to appear lobed. Crenate-toothed, between crenate and toothed. Crenately-denticulated, between crenate and tooth- letted. Crenulate'd, } '"'^'"S small round notches. Crest, applied to some elevated appendage, ter- minating a particular organ ; a stamen is crested when the filament projects beyond the anther, and becomes dilated ; a petal is crested when it is terminated by a fringed appendage, or an ap- pendage in any part. Crested, having a crest. Crestedly-toothed, toothed in a crested manner. Cretaceously-pruinose, covered with white glittering spots or pustules. Cribriform, riddled with holes like a sieve. Cribrose, perforated like a sieve. Crowned, terminated by any thing ; in Carophylleir the petals are said to be crowned when they are furnished with the appendages in the throat. Cruciate, shaped like a Maltese cross. A flower is said to be cruciate, when four petals are placed opposite each other at right angles. Cruciferous, the name of a particular family of plants, bearing cruciate flowers. Cruriafely-opposite, placed opposite, so as to form right angles. Crustaceous, having a hard brittle crust. Crystalline, consisting of or resembling crystals. Cucullate, a leaf is said to be cucullate when its edge is curved inwards in such a manner as to represent the cowl or hood of a monk. Cucullately-saccate, a form between cucullate and saccate. Culm, the stem of grasses, scitamineous plants, and the like. Culmiferous, producing culms. Cultrif ' I shaped like a pruning knife. Cuneate-obovate, /" ^°T ''f""? """TT '""' Cuneate-ovate, \ wedge-shaped and between V egg-shapedandwedge-shaped. Cuneate'd (."edge-shaped, the broadest end upper- Cnaifn, J C "lost, tapcHng to the base. ^•uneijoi m, ) Cuneiform-ovate, between wedge-shaped and egg- shaped. Cuneately-lanceolate, between wedge-shaped and lanceolate. " Cup, the same as Corona, any thing in the shape of a cup. „ •'^ ' |- the cup of an acorn, and such like fruits. Cu iil'ifo'r f s'^'P^'^ ^'^^ ^ cup or reversed bell. Cuspidate, when a leaf suddenly tapers to a point it is so called. Cuspidately-serrated, when serratures end abruptly in a point they are so called. Cutaneous, relating to the skin. Cuticle, the scarf, skin, or epidermis. Cut-toothed, cut and toothed at the same time. Cyathiform, cup-shaped, concave. Cylindraceous, having the form of a cylinder. Cylindrical, cylinder-shaped, round. Cylindrically-campanulate, between bell-shaped and cylintler-shaped. Cylindrically-conical, cylindrical and conical, taper- ing to the apex Cylindrically-globose, a form between a cylinder and a sphere. Cymbiform, having the shape of a boat. Cyme, a mode of inflorescence resembling a flat- tened panicle, as that of the Elder. Cyniiferous, hearing cymes. Cymose, flowering in cpnes. Decandrous, having JO stamens. Deciduous, falling oflT; leaves which are shed an- nually are said to be deciduous, as are also trees that annually lose their leaves. Declinate, bending downwards. Decompound, a leaf is said to be decompound when it is twice or thrice pinnate ; a panicle, when its branches are also panicled, &c. Decorticated, disbarked, the bark fallen off or taken oflr. Decumbent, lying down on the ground. Decurrent, running down ; a leaf is said to be de- current when it extends down the leaf-stalk or stem. f leaves and branches are said to be decussate, when two right lines cross each other at right angles, forming a kind of square, or four t angles. Decussately-opposite, applied to leaves when they are opposite and form right lines, cross each other at right angles and form a square. Definite, that which may be counted, a regular number. Deflcted, bent downwards. Dehiscent, gaping, opening ; an expression applied to the mode in which the anthers or the fruit burst open and discharge their contents. Decussate, Decussated, GLOSSARY. XV Deliquescent, melting away on exposure to the air heat. Deltoid, shaped like the Greek A. Deltoid-ovate, having an outline betiveen the shape of an egg and a A. Demulcent, having the property of softening any thing. Dentate, having the margin divided into incisions resembling teeth. Dentatelij-cHiated, \ having the margin toothed and Dentateli)-f ringed, f tipped with hairs. Dentateiij-lohed, toothed so deep as to appear lobed. Dentateli/'jiinnatifid, toothed so deep as to appear pinnatirtd. Dentatelij-runcinate, toothed so deep as to appear runcinate. Dentaleli/serrated, having the margin divided into incisions, resembling the teeth of a saw. Dentatelij-sinuated, having the margin scolloped and toothed. Denticulate, \ having the margins finely and slight- Denticulated, f ly toothed. Denticulately-serrated, having the margins finely toothed, resembling a very fine saw. Denticulately-ciliated, having the margin so finely toothed as to appear edged with hairs. Denticulately-scabrous, having rough denticulations. Denticulations, very small teeth. Deobstruent, having the power of removing obstruc- tions, a term in medicine. Dependent, hanging down. Depressed, pressed down, low, having the appear- ance of being pressed. Depurated, purified, cleansed. Despumate, to throw out a froth or scum. Detergent, detersive, having the power of cleans- ing : a term in medicine. Diadelphous, stamens are said to be so when they are connected into two bodies. Diandrous, having two stamens. Diaphanous, transparent. Diaphoretic, promoting perspiration. Dichotomous, ramifying in pairs. Dichotomously-branched, branched in a dichoto- mous manner. See Dichotomous. Dichotomously-panicled, having a panicle divided in a dichotomous manner. Didymous, two, united, usually applied to the fruit when they appear twin. Didynamous, having two long stamens and two short ones in the same flower, each pair being colla- teral. Dietetic, relating to food or diet. Difform, l two forms, used to express irregu- Difformed, f larity. Diffuse, scattered, widely spread. Diffusible, such as may be spread. Digitate, \ fingered ; shaped like tlie hand spread Digitated, f open. Digitately-lobed, lobed in a digitate manner. See Digitate. Digitately-pinnate, pinnated in a digitate manner. Digynous, having two styles or female organs. Dilated, widened. Diluent, something diluting. Dimidiate, halved, divided into two parts. Dioecious. Wlien a plant bears female flowers on one individual and males on another, it is called Disciform, having the form of a disk. See Dish. Discoid, when in composite the florets are all tu- bular, the head of flowers is said to be discoid. In other cases, when the florets of the centre of a head of flowers are more perfect than the rest, they are called discoid. Finally, when any thing is dilated into something which may be compared to a disk, the term discoid is also made use of. Dish, the fleshy annidar process that surrounds the ovary in many flowers ; a receptacle which ad- heres to the calyx; also the surface nf a leaf; also the centre of a head of flowers of com- positfe. Discutient, having the power to scatter the matter of tumours ; a terra in medicine. Dissepiment, the partitions by which a seed-vessel is divided internally. Distich, I producing leaves, flowers, or branches Distichous, S in two opposite rows. Distinct, separate, not joined nor meeting together. Di-trichotomous, divided in twos or threes; stems continually dividing into double or treble rami- fications : the term is sometimes applied to a panicle of flowers. Diuretic, having the power of promoting the flow of urine. Divaricate, '\ Divaricated, Vgrowing in a straggling manner. Divaricating, } Divergent, \ going far from one point, or far asun- Diverging, ) der; applied to branches and leaves. Dodecandrous, having 12 stamens. Dolabriform, having the form of an axe or hatchet. Dorsal, on the back, or growing on the back. Dots, may he either pellucid, resinous, or hairy. Doubly-serrated, twice serrated. See Serrated. Down, soft short hairs like down. Downy-villous, covered with long soft liair slike down. Doicny-pubescent, soft short down, closely pressed to the surface. Drastic, applied to medicines which act violently. Drupe, a kind of fruit consisting of a fleshy succu- lent rind, and containing a hard stone in the middle — olive, plum, cherry. Drupaceous, form of a drupe, fleshy. Dyspepsia, difficulty of digestion ; a term in me- dicine. Eared, having ears or appendages. Echinate, \ covered with prickles, like a hedge- Echinated, / hog. Edible, eatable. Effuse, applied to inflorescence, and means a kind of panicle, with a very loose 1-seeded arrange- ment. EffuseUj-panicled, panicled in an effuse manner. Electuaries, a medicine of conserves and powders, the consistence of honey. Elephantiasis, a disease in which the limbs become prodigiously swollen and finally fall off. Elevated, any thing that rises above the surface. Ellipsoid, form of an ellipsis. ^'I'f'.'-'^' , \ formed like an ellipsis, an oval figure. Elltpttcal, j I o Elliptic or elliptical, when joined by a hj-phen to another word, signifies a form between the two words; tlius, elliptic-spatulate, elliptic-lanceolate, elliplically-spatulate, elliptical-ovate, elliptical-ob- ovate, &c. Elongated, lengthened out. Emargiiiale, having a small notch at the end or tip. Emtirgiiiately-2-lobed, so deeply emarginate as to form two lobes. Embossed, projecting in the centre like the boss, or umbo, of a round shield or target. Embracing, a leaf is said to embrace a stem when it clasps it round with its base. Embryo, the young plant in the seed. Emetic, that which produces vomiting. Emersed, applied to those leaves of water plants, which are above the water. Einmenagogue, any medicine that promotes men- struation. Emollient, softening. Emulsions, medicines made of bruised oily seeds. Endocarp, the inner membrane of fruit which forms the cells, usually under the sarcocarp. It is various in consistence. Endopleura, the inner coat of seeds under the sper- madcrm. Endosperm, the same as albumen. Enlarged, grown large. Ensate, 'fsh.aped like a sword with a straight Ensiform, ) blade. Entire, not notched. Epiearp, the outside covering of a fruit. Epidermis, the outer skin of the bark. E/jiphyllous, growing upon tlie leaves. Epipetalous, growing upon the ])etals. Epigynous, gi-owing upon the style or ovary. Epiphytes, plants which grow upon other plants witliout deriving any nutriment from them. Equal, applied to petals and sepals when they are equal in size and shape with each other ; to tlie calyx in Crucifera:, when it is without pouches at the base. Equidistant, a mode of vernation, or of arrange- ment of leaves with respect to each other, in which the sides or edges alternately overlaji each other. Erectly-spreading, between erect and spreading. Erase, gnawed, bitten, a term used to denote a particular kind of irregular denticulation. Erosely-toothed, when the teeth are gnawed or erose. Erosely-serrated, when the serratures are gnawed. Errhine, promoting a discharge of mucous from the nostrils. Escharotic, having the power to burn the skin. Esculent, good for food. Even, applied to a surface when it is not wrinkled or curled, but smooth and even. Evanescent, quickly vanishing. Evolved, unfolded. Exurillate, without aril. See Aril. Eialbuminons, without albumen. See Albumen. Excavated, hollowed out. Excentrat, out of the centre. Excoriate, stripped of the bark or skin. Excurrent, projecting or running beyond the edge or point of any thing. Exotic, foreign. Expectorant, any thing that promotes the discharge of mucous from the chest. Exserted, projecting much beyond something else. E.uiccated, dried up. Extra-axillary, growing from above or below the axils of the leaves or branches. Exira-foliaceous, away from the leaves, or inserted in a ditrerent place from them. Exstipulate, without stipulas. See Slipulas. Exuvia, whatever is cast off from plants. F. Fiecula, the nutritious powder of wheat or ollur things, the albumen of seeds. {!"'™'''' ]. bent like a sickle. Falcijorm, ) Falsely-2-valved, having two valves, which are not of the same nature as other valves. Fan-nerved, the nerves disposed in the manner of a fan. Farinaceous, full of flour. Farina, meal. Farinaceously-tomentose, \ covered with a mealy kind Farinosely-tomentose, { of down. Farinose, mealy. Fasciated, faced, having white blotches or stripes. Fascicled, in bundles or parcels. Fa.mcles, parcels or bundles. Fascicled-hairs, hairs in parcels. Fasciculate, \ ^^anpred in bundles or parcels. Fascicular, j ° Fascicled-whorles, arranged in parcels, but still forming a whorl or circle. Fascicled- racemes, disposed in separate parcels, tin- whole forming a raceme. Fascicu!ately-tuberotis,\Toots composed of a paro I Fascicled-tuberous, f or parcels of tubers. Fnstigiale, tapering to a narrow point like a py- ramid. XVI GLOSSARY. Fasiigiatehj-branched, branched in such a manner, the branches becoming gradually shorter from the base to the apex. Fastiginteh/-con/mbose, a corymb, whose branches gradually become shorter towards the top, like a pyramid. Fauces, the jaw."?, the gaping part of monopetalous flowers. Favose, pitted or excavated, like the cells of a honeycomb. Favosely-scrobiculate, excavated in little pits or hollows. Feathery, resembling a feather. Feather-nerved, tlie nerves disposed like the feathers of a pen. Feb {"alt efficacious in moderating fevers. Feculent, muddy, thick with sediment. Fecundation, the act of making fruitful. Ferruginous, "I . i j ^ „ " . ' > iron-coloured, rusty. F errugmeous, ) ' ^ Fibrillose, covered with little strings or fibres. Fibrous, being composed of fibres. Filamentose, thready. Filiform, like a thread in form. Fimbriate, fringed. Finger-parted, divided into lobes, having a fan- ciful resemblance to the five fingers of a human hand. Firm, hardish, firm, not soft. Fistular, ^ Fistulous, > hollow, like a pipe. Fistulose, ) Flaccid, feeble, weak. Flagell^, runners without leaves. Ftagellaform, form of runners, creei)ing along the ground. Flat, plane. Fle.rite, capable of being bent in different directions, pliable. FlexHous, having a bent or undulating direction, zigzag. Flocl-^^' i '^"^'^''^'l "^fli VittXe tufts like wool. Fhccosely-tomentose, down disposed in little tufts. Flocullosely-scabrous, covered with rough hairs in tufts. Floral, of or belonging to a flower, near the flower. Floral-envelopes, the calyx, bracteas, and corolla, which envelope the imier parts of the flower are ail so called. Florets, little flowers, chiefly applied to composita; and grasses. Floriferous, that which hears flowers. Flosciilous, compound flowers, consisting of many tubular monopetalous florets. Foliaceous, having the form of leaves. Foliate, when a leaf is divided into leaflets it is called 1-2-3-10 or 12-foliate, according to the number of leaflets. Follicle, a particular kindof two-valved seed-vessel, such as those of Hakea and Pteonia. Follicular, resembling a follicle. Footstalks, the stalks of leaves. Fornicate, arched. 'nt, ") , 11 ' >• shrubby. Fovcate, \ 'jeolate, ) , little pits or hollows. Free, free from each other, not connected together, usually applied to stamens ; the ovary or fruit is said to be free when it neither adheres to the co- rolla nor calyx. Fringed, having a border like a fringe. Fringe-toothed, having a border toothed so as to appear fringed. Frond, the leaves of palms and ferns. Front, in Aconitum, the front of the helmet or upper sepal. Frosted, covered with glittering particles. Fructiferous, that which bears fruit. Fructification, all those parts composing the fruit of plants. Frutescent, ' Fruticose, Fruticulose, a little shrub. Fugacious, that which lasts but for a short time. Fulcra, scales and stipulas, &c. Fulvous, tawny-yellow, or fox-coloured. Fungous, having the consistence of fungi or mush- rooms. Funicle, a little stalk, by which the seed is attached to the placenta. Furcate, forked. Furcately-divided, divided in a furcate manner. Furfuraceous, scaly, mealy, scurfy. Furrowed, having longitudinal channels or furrows. Fuscous, blackish-brown. Fusiform, spindle-shaped, like the root of a carrot. Galeate, helmeted ; the upper lip of a ringent co- rolla is the galea of that corolla. Gamosepalous, when the sepals are joined together at the base, they are so called, improperly mono- sepalous. Gelatine, jelly, a term in chemistry. Gelatinous, consisting of jelly. Geminate, twin. GemmiF, leaf buds, as distinguished from alabastra or flower-huds. Gemmiferous, hearing buds. Genitals, styles and stamina. Gervi or Germen, the old name of the ovary. Gernien-inferior, fruit below tlie flower. Germen-superior, fruit above the flower. Germination, the first act of vegetation in a seed. Gibbo, in Aconitum, the swelling of the tube of the petals or nectaries. Gibbous, protuberant, swelled. Gibbosity, a protuberance or swelling. Girded, surrounding any thing. Glabrous, smooth, destitute of hairs. Gladiate, shaped like a short straight sword. Glandular, having glands. Glandularly-crenated, \ having crenatures or serra- Glandularly-serrated, / tures tipped with glands. Glandularly-muricated, covered with tubercles tipped with glands. Glandularly-pilose, covered with glandular hairs. Glandularly-toothed, margins toothed, with the teeth bearing glands. Glandulifcrous, bearing glands. Glaucescent, having something of a bluish-gr'een, hoary, or sea-green appearance. Glaucous, having a decided hoary -grey surface. Globose, 1 , ... Gto6«tor,/"""''°^'P'>'='""='''1- Globosebj-eUiptical, between spherical and oval. Globosely-ovuie, between spherical and egg-shaped. Globulose, a diminutive of globose. GJochidate, having hairs, the ends of whicli are split and hooked back. Glomerate, Glomeratedy Giumaceous, plants are said to he glumaceous when their flowers are like those of grasses. Glume, a part of the floral envelopes of a grass. Gliitcit, glue. Glutinous, In- I Glutinose, ] '"'""^^'^e, gluey. Gomopetnlous, improperly monopetalous. Granifoniiy formed like grains of corn. Granular, ) , .„ . . /- 1 , I c covered as if with grams. Granulifrrous, bearing grains. Greenish-glaucous, of a colour between grey and green. Gregarious, herding together. Grooved, furrowed, channelled, marked with grooves. Gnn/wse, clubbed, knotted, contracted at intervals into knots. Gynnndrous, having the stamens and style com- bined in one body. \j f gathered into round heaps or heads. G?/7io6ase, a fleshy receptacle, bearing separate fruits. Gtjnohasic, having a gynobase. Gynophore, a lengthened receptacle, bearing tlie petals, stamens, and pistil, but not the calyx, Gynous, flowers are said to be 3-4-5-fi-7, &c. gynous, when they contain so many styles. Gyrose, turned round like a crook. Habit, features or general appearance of a plant. Habitat, habitation, native country. Hemorrhages, copious bleeding. Hcemorrhoids, a kind of disease called the piles, Hairy, covered with long hairs. Hairy- canescent, covered with grey hairs. Hairy -pubescent, covered with short soft hairs. Hairy-tomentose, covered witli dense, white, close, curled hairs. Hastate, formed like the head of a halbert. Hastately-cordate, between halbert - shaped and heart-shaped. Hastately-Iiidney-shapedf a form between halbert- shaped and kidney-shaped. Hastately-lanceolate, between halbert -shaped and lance-shaped. Hasiately-4-6-lobed, lobcd in such a manner as still to appear somewhat halbert-shaped. Hastately-1-eared, a leaf having two ears at the base, giving it the appearance of a halbert. Haulm, dead stems of herbs. Helmet, the same as Galea. See Galeate. Tlie upper sepal in Aco7iitum. Hemispherico-conical, a shape between a globe and a cone. Herbaceous, a plant the stem of which perishes an- nually. Hermaphrodite, a flower is so called when it consists both of male and female organs. Hexagonal, six-sided. Hexandrons, having six stamens. Hibernaculum, any thing which serves as a protec- tion to tlie young buds during winter. the scar or mark on the seed which in- dicates the place by which it adheres to the placenta. Hirsntely-tomentose, covered with dense, close, wliite hairs. Hispid, covered with stiff hairs. Hispidly-c/liated, fringed with stifl' hairs. Hispidly-vllhus, covered with stiff villi. Hoary, covered with grey or white down. Hoary -pubescent, covered with white down, which is pressed to the surface. Hoary-tomentose, covered witli wliite tonientum ; which see. Hoary-veliH'ty, covered with white velvety down. Hoary -villous, covered with white villi. Holosericeous, covered all over with silky down. Hollow-leaf, form of a cowl, concave above. Homogeneous, having a uniform nature, or principle, or composition. Honey-combed, having pits like a honeycomb. Honey-pore, the pore in flowers which secretes honey. Honey-scales, the scales in flowers which secrete honey. Hooded, being hollowed into the form of a hood. Horn, any awl-shaped stiff process is called a horn. Horny, liard, the consistence of a horn. Hyaline, crystalline, transparent. Hybrid, a mule, partaking of the nature of two species. Hydragogue, that which removes dropsy. Hygrometrical, indicating the approach of moisture. Hypocrateriform, salver-shaped. Hypogynons, situated below the ovarium. Hypophyllous, situated under the leaf. mium, ( ^ Hylum, j GLOSSARY. XVU I. Icosnndrous, having 20 stamens or more. Imbricate, \ j^^j^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^j^^ jjj.^ ^jj^^ Imbricated, ) Immarginate, without a margin. Immersed, buried in ; applied to the leaves of water plants when they grow under water, also to the ovary when it is buried in the disk. Impari-piimate, leaves pinnate, with a terminal or odd leaflet. Impressed, pressed into. Inarticttlated, without joints. Inciso-repand, cut and repand. Inclined, bending inwards, forming a curve. Incomplete, not full. Incum/ient, lying upon any thing ; in Cruciferie when the radicle lies upon the back of the co- tyledons. Incurved, bending inwards. Indefinite, that which cannot be counted, an irregu- lar number. Indeliiscent, not dehiscent, not opening. Induplicate, doubled inwards, folded inwards. Indurated, hardened. Indnsium, the membrane that incloses the thecae in ferns. Inferior, any thing placed below the ovary is so called, the lowest of any thing ; the ovary or fruit is said to be inferior when it is crowned by the calyx, petals, and stamens ; a radicle is said to be inferior when it is situated at the lower end of the seed at the hylum. Inflexed, bent inwards. Infiorescence, disposition of the flowers. Infra-axillary, below the axils of the leaves. Infracted, bending inwards. Inner-angle of the fruit or cells, the central placenta. Inspissated, thickened, spoken of sap or other liquor. Integument, the outer covering of seeds. Intermediate, between two plants ; the middle one of any thing. Intermediate is applied to the styles in Oxalis when they are longer than the outer stamens, and shorter than the inner ones. Internodes, the space between the joints in stems. Interpetiolar, between the petioles or leafstalks. Interrupted, any thing which is not continuous, but is separated by gaps or vacancies. Interruptedly-crested', crested at intervals. Interruptedly-lyrale, lyrated with smaller lobes inter- vening bet^veen the larger ones. Interruptedly-pinnote, pinnate WTth smaller leaflets intervening between the larger ones. Interruptedly-pinnatifid, pinnatifid with smaller lobes intervening between the larger ones. Interstices, spaces between one thing and another. Iniervalvular, in the middle of the valves. Intra-axiUary, within the axils of leaves. Intricate, entangled. j' ,, f'j \ upside down, opposed to direct. Ini'olnceJ, a small involucre. Int'olucelh'd, having an involucel. " I the bracteas which surround the flow- ers or umbels, particularly in um- belliferous plants. Inl'ohicrate, ) , • • , T 1 , J t havuig an nivolucrum. Jnvoiucrated, ) ° Involute, rolled inwards. incuiuvetua, iiii Involucre, I Involucrum, j .Tagged, cut in a coarse manner. Joints, the places at which the pieces of the stem are articulated with each other. Keel, when the mid-rib of a leaf or petal is sharp and elevated externally, it is called a keel ; in VOL. I. papilionaceous flowers the lower petal is called the keel. Keeled, having a keel. Kneed, knee-jointed, bent like the knee joint. Lahellum, the front segment of an orchideous or other flower, the lower petal, the lip. Labiate, having a lip or lips. Lacerate, ) . • . , , , y torn, appearnig torn. Lacerated, ) ' " ® Laceratehj-toothed, toothed in a coarse irregular manner. Laciiiiaie, \ jagged, cut, or divided into unequal Laeiniated, } segments. Lactescent, yielding milky juice. Lacun(F, little pits or depressions, applied to vessels when they are full of air. Lacunose, covered with little pits or depressions. Liimellnte, \ divided by little plates, or covered Lamcllalcd, S with little plates. Lamellose, having little plates. Lamina, generally applied to a leaf of a plant, con- sidered without its petiole. Lanceolate, lance or spear-shaped. Lanceolate, when joined by a hyjjben to another word, signifies a figure between the two words, as lanceolate-linear, lanceolate'Spatulate, lanceolate- oblong, lanceolate-obovate, &c. Lateral, on one side, or on the sides. La.v, loose, not compact. Leaflets, small parts of leaves of compound leaves. Leafy, covered with leaves, or the consistence of a leaf. Leathery, thick, the consistence of leather. Legume, 1 a pod, the fruit of leguminous plants, a Legumen,) pea-pod, &c. Leguminous, plants which bear legtmies, such as the pea, the bean, &c. Lenticular, shaped like a lens or pea. Lentiform, shaped like a lens. Lepidoted, covered with prominent dots. Leprous, covered with spots or scales like leprosy. Leprosy, covered with scales or dots resembling the leprosy. r , •, r covered with white or silvery Leprousln-stlvern, J . . , r r , , ., X dots, scales or scurr, resem* Leprously-whtte, 1 i i- ., , ^ -^ ' ^^ bling the leprosy. Leproushj-tomentose, covered with shaggy down, having the appearance of leprosy. Liber, the inner bark. Lid, the calyx which falls ofl" from the flower in a single piece, or the lid of a fruit which separates in a single piece. Ligula, \ the membrane at the top of the petiole of Liguke, J grasses, and other plants, straps. Ligulate, strap-like, having the form of a strap. Lignlately-setaceous, between the form of a strap and a bristle. Limbate, having a dilated surface. Limb, the border of a flower, the spreading part. Line, in length the eighth of an inch. Linear, narrow, when the two sides are nearly parallel. Linear, when joined by a hjiihen to another word, signifies a form between the two words, as, linear- filiform, linear-ensate, linear-subulate, linear-lance- olate, linear-spatulate, linear-setaceous, linear- triangular, triangular and linear ; linear-elon- gated, linear and elongated ; linear-sagittate, sa- gittate and linear, 8:c. Linearly-cuneated, between linear and wedge- shaped. Lined, having lines or streaks. Lin shaped like a half-moon, Lunulately, } Lurid, a colour between purple, yellow, and grey. Lymphatic, of or belonging to the lymph or sap. Lyrate, shaped like a lyre. Lyrately-pinnate, pinnate in a lyrate manner. Lyrately-pinnatifid, pinnatifid in a lyrate manner. M. Macerate, to decompose by steeping in water or other liquor. Mamma-form, formed like a nipple or nipples. Marcescent, permanent, when withered not falling oft". Margin, edge or border. Marginal, relating to the margin. Marginated, 1 , • ,, ". , '>■ havmg a margin. Margined, J & " Masticatory, grinding or chewing with the teeth. Matrix, a place where any thing is generated or formed. Medulla, the pith of a ))lant. Medullary, relating to the pith of plants. Melliferous, bearing honey. Membranous, ^ Membraneous, > having the texture of a membrane. Membranaceous, ) Menstruum, a liquor used as a dissolvent. Meshes, the openings of any tissue. Micacious, glittering or shining. Micte, glittering particles. Mid-rib, the middle vein of a leaf which passes from the petiole to the apex. Miliary, granulated, resembling many seeds. Mitriform, formed like a mitre. Monadelphous, having the filaments cohering into a tube. Monandrous, having only one stamen. Monilifann, formed like a necklace, that is to say, with alternate swellings and contractions, resem- bling a string of beads. Monocotyledonous, having only one seed- leaf or cotv- ledon. Monoecious, having the one sex in one flower, and the other in another on the same plant. Monopetalons, having only one petal. Monosepalous, having only one sepal. Mordant, that which enables vegetable matter or tissue to receive dyes or colouring matter, and to retain them. Mottled, marked with blotches of colour of unecjual intensity, passing insensibly into each other. Mucilage, a turbid slimy fluid. Mucronate, 1 , . ^ . Mucronated,]^^^'^-^""''"^^- Mucronately-acuminated, with a taper-point ending in a nuicrone. XVIU /'serrate or toothed, having Mucrona/cly-crenate, J the crenatures, serratui-es, Mucronately-toothcd, \ or teeth ending in a V. shar^5 point. Mucronately-piingent, having a sharp prickly point. Mucro?ie, a small sharp point. ucromia , ^ y^^^\^^ ^ little hard sharp point. Mulch, a gardener's term for the placing manure about the roots of trees, on the surface of the ground. Multifarious, very numerous, or arranged in many rows. Multifid, cleft into many parts. Mullifidhj-pinnatifid, a leaf is so called when it is pinnately-lohed, and these lobes are again divided into many parts. MuHiparlite, divided into many parts. Multiple, many times more ; applied to numbers. Multiple,!:, much multiplied. ,, -• /'!/ >- covered with short sharp points. Muricately'hispid, covered with short, sharp, stiif bristles. N. Naked, without hairs, without leaves, or without branches, &c. Nakedish, nearly destitute of hairs or leaves. Napiform, formed like a turnip, tuberous. Narcotic, producing sleep or torpor. Narrowed, tapering. Navicular, boat-shaped. Neck, the upper tapering end in bulbs or other plants is called the neck. Nectarial, of or belonging to the nectary. Nectariferous, bearing honey or nectaries. Nectariferous-tube, in Pelargonium, is the tube or swelled part at the top of the pedicel. Nectarium, \ that part of a flower which produces Nectary, ) honey. Nervedly-furrowed, with furrows like nerves. Nerveless, without nerves. Nerves, the strong veins upon leaves or flowers. Ncrvose, ">(.,, ^ ., J- lull 01 nerves. Nervous, ) Nervosely-fnrroived or streaked, \ having nerves like Nervously-furrowed or streaked, } furrows or streaks. Netted, having the veins reticulated. Neuter, neither male nor female. Nidnlant, nestling, lying among any thing, as a bird in its nest. Nidus, the nest of any thing. Nodding, having a drooping position. Nodi, the swelled articulations of stems ; the place where one joint is articulated with another. Nodose, having many nodi or knots. Nodules, small hard nodi or knots. Nucleus, the kernel of a nut. Nucavientaceous, producing nuts. Nuts, seeds covered with hard shells. Ob, is used in the composition of Latin technicals, to indicate the thing is inverted, such as obovate is inversely ovate, obcordate is inversely cor- date, ami ohlauceolate inversely-lanceolate, &c. Obcouical, inversely conical. Obcordate, inversely cordate. Obcordately-two-lobed, inversely cordate, with the indentation very deep, so as to appear of two lobes. Oblong, when joined by a hyphen to another word, signifies a form between the two words, as, oblong- elliptical, oblong-linear, oblong-cuneate, oblong-lan- ceolate, oblong-spatulate, oblong-rhomboid, oblong- sagittate, oblong and arrow-shaped. Oblong-triipielrous, oblong and three-sided. Obliquely-cordale, cordate in an oblique manner. GLOSSARY, ObUquehj-repand, a leaf having a margin undulated, and unequally and obliquely dilated, is said to be obliquely- repand. Ohli quel y~tru neat e, cut off in an oblique manner. OAo?w/e,) inversely egg-shaped, with the broadest Obfivoidy) end uppermost. Obovate t when joined by a hyphen to another word, signifies a shape between the two words, thus, obovafe'Spatulate, a shape between obovate and spatulate ; obovate-oblong, obovately-oblong, be- tween obovate and oblong ; obovate-lanceolatc, between obovate and lance-shaped ; obovafe-cioie- ated, a figure between obovate and wedge-shaped; obovate-roundish, a figure between circular and obovate ; obovate-rhoniboid, a figure between obo- vate and rhomb-shape, &c. Obovaie-cutieated, ^ between obovate and Obovately-nineated, > wedge-shaped, with the Obovately-wedge-shaped, ) broadest end uppermost. Obsolete, hardly evident. Obsoletely -toothed, scarcely toothed. Obtuse-angled, having blunt angles. Obvohtte, having one part rolled upon another. Occidental, coming from the west. Ochraeeous, having the colour of yellow ochre. Octandrous, having eight stamens. Octogynous, having eight styles. Officinal, any thing that has been or is sold in shops. Oleaginous, having the qualities of oil. Oleraceous, esculent, eatable. Opaque, want of transparency. rJ^ ^'!^^ J !■ covered with a lid* Operculated, ) Operculum, a lid. Opiate, having the power of opium. Orbiculate,'} • , i ■ t /-»!.• 7 y circular or spherical. Orbicular, ) ^ Orbiculately-dcprcssed, spherical, but depressed on the top. Orbiculately^elliptical, a form between circular and elliptical. Orbiculai el y -obovate J a form between circular and obovate. Orbicularly-rhomboid, a figure between circular and rhomb-shaped; orbicular I y-renif or m, a figure be- tween circular and kidney-shaped. Orchideous, of or belonging to the natural order of Orchideee. Orifice, an opening. Oscillatory, moving like a vane or weather-cock. Ossified, become like bone. Ova, the eggs of any thing, the seeds before they are mature. Oval, when joined to another word by a hyphen, signifies a figure between the two words, as, oval- rhomboid, between oval and rhomb-shaped ; oval- lanceolate, between oval and lance-shaped ; oval- ohUmg, a shape between oval and oblong, &c. Oval, having the figure of ellipsis. Ovate, the shape of an egg, with the broad end downwards. Ovate-globose, 1 between egg-shaped and sphe- Ovate-spheroid, / rical. Ovary or Ovarium, the germ, the part of the flower in which the young seeds are contained. Ovate, when joined by a hyphen to another word, signifies a figure between the two words, thus, ovate'Cordafe, ovate and heart-shaped ; ovate-ellip- fical, a figure between egg-shaped and elliptical ; ovate-oblong, a figure between egg-shaped and oblong ; ovate-orbicular, a figure between egg- shaped and circular; ovate-lanceolate, a figure be^ tween ovate and lance-shaped ; ovate-spatuhtte, a figure between egg-shaped and spatulate. Ovate-cylindrical, egg-shaped and cylindrical. Ovately-trapeziform, a form between an egg and a trapezium. Overlapping, when the margin of one thing lies upon that of another it is said to overlap. Ovoid, egg-shaped. Ovula, the seeds in the ovary before they are mature, the same as ova. Ovulate, containing ova, 2-3-4-ovulate, containing 2-3 or 4 young seeds. Ovules, the young seeds of plants contained in the ovary, P. Palate, the mouth of a ringent flower. Paleaceous, abounding with chaffy scales. Palmate, \ divided so as to resemble a hand spread Palmated, / open. Pal mate- lobed, ^ i u j ■ Pabuately-lobed,}^"^'^' . in a palmate manner. Palmate-parted, ) ^ j • i . Pahnately-parted, j ?""" " P^'"""^ '"''""'^'•- Palmafi'ly-cleff, cleft in a palmate manner. Pahiiati'fii-ninltifid, palmate, having the leaflets fiiu'ly-'multifid. Palmaiifid, divided so as to resemble a hand. Panicle, a loose disposition of inflorescence, as oats. Panicled, ^ c ■ • i „ . , , J- forming a panicle. Paniculate, } ° ^ Paniculate.ly-branched, branched in a loose manner. Paniculately-corymbose, having a loose corymb. Paniculately-dichotomoas, having a panicle, dividing in a dichotomous manner. Paniculately-racemose, having numerous racemes, forming a panicle. Papilionaceous, butterfly-shaped flowers, as the com- mon pea. Papilltp, small soft excrescences. Papillose, \ having small glandular excrescences Papulous, ) like pimples. Pappus, crown of the seeds of compositiE and similar plants. Papula, round, soft, watery protuberances. Papulose, covered with papulae. Papyraceous, the consistence of paper. Parabolical, form of a parabola, longer than broad, tapering gradually to both ends. Parenchyma, all the parts of plants which consist of cellular tissue. Parietal, being attached to the sides or walls of the ovary. Parietes, the sides of the ovary or capsule. Parted, divided, but not to the base, 3-4 or 5- parted, divided into 3-4 or 5 parts. Partition, a division. Patent, spread out or expanded. Patulous, slightly spreading, ec ma e, i j.ggej^^i,iing tj^g teeth of a comb. Pectinately-ciliated, ciliated in such a manner as to resemble the teeth of a comb. Pectinate/ y-jagged, jagged in such a manner as to resemble the teeth of a comb. Pectinately-pinnate-lobed, having leaflets or lobes finely pectinated. Pectinafely-pinnatifid, pinnatifid in a pectinate manner. Pectoral, relating to the breast. Pedate, leaves when they are cut in divisions ; the outer divisions again lobed, are called pedate. Pedatcly, divided in a pedate manner. Pcdately-many-parted, cut into many divisions in a pedate manner. Pedately-multifid, divided into many parts in a pe- date manner. Pedatifid, cut into lobes, the lateral ones of which do not radiate from the petiole like the rest. Pedicel, small footstalks of flowers; commonly ap- plied to the partial footstalks of flowers, Priicc/W?} ^^^^^^'^' leaving pedicels. Peduncle, flower-stalk, usually applied to the com- mon footstalk of a number of flowers, sometimes only of one flower. Pedunch'd, ^ Pedunculate, > having stalks or peduncles. Pedunculated, ) Pellich', a thin skin, which envelopes certain seeds. Pellucid, bright, transparent. Peltate, a leaf is said to be peltate when the petiole GLOSSARY. XIX is fixed in the disk instead of the margin, like the handle of a shield. Pcllaltli/-cordate, between heart-shaped and peltate. Pfltatchi-raijed, rayed in a peltate manner. Peltate-nerved, the nerves of a leaf disposed in a peltate manner, radiating from the centre. Pencilled, marked in lines as with a pencil, or having the appearance of hair pencil, as the stigmas of numerous species of Oxiilis. Pencil-formed, resembling a hair pencil. Pendulous, drooping, hanging down. Pentagonal, having five angles. Pentagi/nous, having five styles. Pentandroiis, having five stamens. Pentapetalous, having five petals. Perennial, lasting many years without perishing. Perfoliate, when the stem passes through the base of a leaf, the leaf is said to be perfoliate. Perforated, bored, or apparently so, full of holes. Perianth, Perianthium, the envelope which surrounds the flower. This term is applied when the calyx cannot be distinguished from the corolla, as in Lilium, Allium, &c. Pericarp, the seed-vessel. Periclicstial, leaves which in mosses surround the base of the stalk of the theca. Perigone, the calyx and corolla. Perigynous, inserted in the calyx, or in the disk which adheres to the calyx. Perisperm, the same as albumen, which see. Peristome, the rim which surrounds the orifice of the theca of a moss. Peripheric, circular, curved. Peritheciurti, Peridium, different kinds of envelopes of the reproductive organs of Fungi, Permanent, \ . - ^ r n- tr P ■■■/■ f i remanung, not tailing oil. Pervious, having a passage through which any thing can be transmitted. Petal-like-scales in CaryophylleEe, the scales which are fixed to the petals at the throat. Petalled, having petals. Petaloid, like petals. Petals, divisions of a corolla. Petiolate, ) , - r - . n r> ^- , J r navmij; lootstalks. Petioled, ) ° Petiolar, of or belonging to the petioles. Petioles, footstalks of leaves. Petiolulate, having little petioles. Petiolules, little petioles. Plitcnogamous, such plants as are visibly furnished with sexual organs. Pharmaceutical, relating to the art of pharmacy. Phthisis, relating to the lungs. Phi/llodium, a dilated petiole, with the consistence of a leaf Pili, long stiffish hairs. Pi7(Vi-plicate, having 4, 5, or 6 plaits. Plumose, feathery, resembling feathers. Plumule, the centre bud between the cotyledons in the embryo of a plant. Pliirilocular, having many cells. Pod, a kind of seed-vessel, such as that of the pea tribe. Podosperm, the stalk on which some seeds are borne. Pollen, powder contained in the anthers, composed of globules, containing the fecundating fluid ; on leaves the bloom. Polyandrous, having more stamens than 20 inserted in the receptacle. Polygamous, a plant is said to be polygamous when some flowers are male, some female, and others hermaphrodite on the same plant. Polygaino- Dioecious, having male and female flowers on the same plant. Polymorphous, assuming various appearances. Polypetalous, having many petals. Polyphore, an elongated receptacle, which bears many ovaries, but not the petals nor stamens. Polyspermous, containing many seeds. Pome, an apple or pear, or such like fruits, crowned by the calyx. Pores, apertures in the cuticle through which tran- spiration takes place, or apertures in the an- thers through which tlie pollen is ejected. Porrect, extended forward. Pouch, a little sack or bag at the base of some petals and sepals. T, , ^ ' !• covered as if with powder. Powdery, ) ' Pramorse, appearing as if bitten off. Precocity, ripe before the usual time. Pressed, close, not spreading. Primordial, usually applied to leaves, the first leaves. Prismatic, formed as a prism. Proboscis-like, having a beak, form of a trumpet, curved. Process, 1 protrusions either natural or mon- Processes, ) strous. Proliferous, a plant is said to be proliferous when it produces young plants about its root in abun- dance. Propendent, hanging forwards and downwards. Pruinose, covered with glittering particles, as if fine dew had been congealed upon it. Pruinosely-relvety or pubescent, covered with short glittering down. Prurient, stinging. Pseudospermous, a false seed, a small carpel, as those of Ranuncidus and Clematis. Puberulous, covered with spreading down. Pubescence, down, short soft hairs. Pubescent, covered with pubescence. b 2 Pubescently-pilose, covered with soft pressed hairs. Pubesccntly-tomcntose, covered with dense short white down. Pulverized, reduced to powder. Pulvinate, become cushion-shaped. Punctate, covered with dots. Punclately-warted, covered with little warts like dots. Punctiform, formed like little points or dots. Pungent, stinging or pricking. Pustular, \ covered with glandular excrescences Pustulate, f like pustules. Pustules, pimples or little blisters. Putamen, a nut of many cells. Pyramidal, formed like a pyramid. Pyramidalely-subulate, thick at the base, and narrow at the a|ie.\. Pyriform, shaped like a pear. Py-iidiform, a capsule is called a pyxidium when it divides transversely into two cells. Q. Quadrangular, having four angles. Quadrate, square. QuadrateUj-divaricate, branching in such a manner as to form a square. Quad r if ar ions, arranged in four rows or ranks. Qnadrifariously-imbricated, arranged in four rows and imbricated. Quadrifd, divide• membranous and dry. Scattered, without regularity. Schistous, formed of the rock called schist. Scion, a shoot intended for a graft. Scolloped, having deep and wide indentations. Scoria, cinders, ashes. Scrobiculate, excavated into little pits or hollows. Scrotiform, formed like a double bag. Scurfy, covered with scales resembling scurf. Scutate, formed like an ancient round buckler. Secund, arranged on one side only. Segments, parts of any tiling. Semi, half. Semi-cordate, half-cordate. Semi-orbicular, half-circular. Semi-sagittate, half arrow-shaped. Seminal, of or belonging to the seed. Seminiferous, bearing seed. Sepals, the divisions of the calyx. Sepalled, having sepals. Separable, that which is divisible. Septa, the partitions which divide the interior parts of the fruit, the dissepiments. Septiferous, bearing septa or partitions. Series, a row, a layer. Sericeous, silky. Sericeously-velvety, velvety and silky. „ ', ]■ like the teeth of a saw. Serrated, ) Serratnres, the teeth of a serrated leaf. Serrate-toothed, having teeth like a saw. Serrulated, having notches like those of a very fine saw. Serrate-crenate, having notches between serratures and crenatures. Serrulations, notchings like those of a very fine saw. Sessile, without stalks. „ • " ' f resembling a bristle in shape. Setaceously -toothed, having teeth like bristles. Setaceously-pilose, covered with stiff bristle-like hairs. Setts, bristles. Setiform, formed like bristles. Setigerous, bearing bristles. Setose, covered with bristles. Setosely-pricldy, covered with stiff bristle-like prickles. Sheath, the lower part of the leaf that surrounds the stem. Sherds, fragments of pots, employed by gardeners to drain their flower-pots. Shield, a broad table-like process in the flower of Stapelia and its allies. Short-acuminated, having a short taper point. Shortly-bifid, \ slightly cleft in two parts at the Shortly-2-cleft, / apex. Sialagogue, having the power of exciting saliva. Siliceous, flinty.; Silicic, small short pod of Cruciferne. Siliculose, form of a silicle, a silicle. Silique, the long terete pod of Cruciferee. Siliquose, form of a silique, a silique. V-,i'''"'"'i""' "", ' \ covered with silky pubescence Silkif -pubescent, > ^ ^ •" ^ .,.„■'' , ' I or tomentum. Stlky-tonientose, ) SiUiy-vittaus, covered with silky hairs. Simple, the reverse of compound, not divided. Sinuate, \ cut in such a manner as to appear Sinuated, ) bending in and out. Sinuate-angular, 1 t i • ■ . j „. , , * ,' >■ angled m a sinuated manner. Sinuately-angular, J ^ Sinuately-lobed, lobed in a sinuated manner, Sinuat.ely-^-hhed, lobed with three sinuated lobes. Sinuately-pinnatifid, sinuated and pinnatifid, between sinuate and pinnatifid. Sinuately-curled, sinuate and curled. Sinuately-repand, scolloped and undulated. Sinuately-runcinate, between scolloped and runci- nate. Sinuate-toothed, \ toothed in a sinuated raan- Sinuately-toothed, ) ner. Sinus, the bays or recesses formed by the lobes of leaves and other bodies. Smooth, without hairs and smooth. Smoothed, without hairs and glossy. Soboliferous, producing young plants from the root. Soddened, soaked. Somniferous, causing sleep. Soporific, causing sleep. Sorediferous, bearing soredia. Sori, the patches of fructification on the back of the fronds of ferns. Spacelate, withered or dead. Spadix, a spike protracted from a spatli. GLOSSARY. XXI Spalli, \ a broad, sheathing leaf, enclosing flowers Sjialhii, ) arranged upon a spadix. „ , /^ shaped like a spatula, a knife so Apaiuulate, 1 ^jj,g ^ ^.^^^^^ broadest end is at the Spalulale, | extremity. Spathaceous, furnished witli a spatha, or like a spatll. Spatulay a spatiilate-shaped process. Spalulatf-Unear, bet\vec'n linear and spatulate. Spatnlate, when joined by a hyi^hen to another word, signifies a form between the two words, as spatu- late-orate, spatulat€~rouvdiskt spatulate~Uinceolatei spatiilntc-obovate, S.'C. Spcrmathrm, the outer covering of a seed. Sjiherical, round like a sphere. /) 'eroi a , i jji^j^gj jjj-p ^ sphere. Apheroidy \ * Spherules, minute spheres or globules. Spicate, having a spike. Spicately-disposed, disposed in the manner of a spike. Spike, flowers sessile upon a long rachis, as f'ero- nlca spicata. Spiked, having a spike. Spike-formed, formed like a spike. Spikelets, in grasses, flowers arranged in tw'o rows, as in Bromus, small spikes. Spinuloselij-toothed, having spiny teeth, or small teeth like spines. Spines, indurated branches or processes not falling oil* from the part that bears them. Spinesrent, furnished with soft spine-like processes. Spiniform, formed like a spine. Spinulesceiit, having a tendency to produce small spine-like processes. J^'! ' > furnished with spines or form of spines. Spinous, ) Spinosely-toothed,\ha\'mg sharp stiflf teeth like Spinouslytooihed, J spines. Spinoselij-serrated, having serratures like spines. Spinosely-trifid, divided into three spines. Spinulose, furnished with small spines. Spiny, furnished with a spine or spines. Spiny-ciliated, edged with stilF processes like spines. Spiny-serrated, having the serratures or tcetli ter- minated by spines. Spiny-toothed, having teeth like spines. Siliculaform, form of a silicle. Spiral, circularly involved, twisted like a screw. Spirally-convolute, rolled together in a spiral manner. Spirally-twisted, twisted like a screw. Sporules, that part of crj-jitogamous plants which answers to the seeds of other plants. Spornlifcrous, bearing sporules. Spurious, counterfeit. /long processes resembling horns, pro- Spurs, J duced by various parts of a flower ; in Spur, I Aconitum the process which terminates \ the petal or nectary. Squamiform, like scales, formed like scales, Squarrose, spreading stifily at right angles or in a greater degree. Squarrosely-imhricated, laid over each other in a squarrose manner. Squinancy, an inflammation in the throat. Stalks, the footstalks of leaves or flowers. Stalked, having stalks. Stamen, the male organ of a flower. Staminiferous, bearing stamina. Staminiferous-tube, the tube which is formed from the cohesion of the filaments. Standard, the upper petal in pea-flowers. Starry, stellate, in the manner of a star, radiating. Starry-pubescent. See Stellately-pubescent. Stellate-hairs, tufts of hairs radiating like a star. Stellately-pubescent, covered by starry tufts of down. Stellulate, resembling little stars. Stellately-spreading, ) disposed or spreading in the Stellately-disposed, > manner of a star. Stem-clasping, clasping the stem ; a leaf is so called when it clasps the stem with its base. Sterile, barren. Sternutory, qualities which provoke sneezing. Stigma, the female organ of a flower. Stigmutose, when a stigma is long, lateral, or on one side of the style. Stimulating, exciting. Stipe, the stalk of a fruit williin l)ie corolla and calyx, or the claw of a petal. Stipe-formed, having the form of a stipe. Stipcd, having a stipe. Stipitate, furnished with a stipe. Stipitately-unguiculate, having cylindrical unguis or claws. „. . /"small scales or membranes at the base ttpu as, } of the petioles, uncertain leaves, usu- !,t:pulcs, ^ ally one on each side. Stipulalc, \ furnished with stipulas. otipulaceous, } '■ Stipulaceously-dilated, when a petiole is dilated at the base it is so called. Stipiilar, in place of stipulas. Stipulary, occupying the place of stipulas. Stipnlcd, having stipulas. Stolons, runners which root at the joints, as those of the strawberry. Stoloniferous, bearing creeping runners which root at the joints. Stomachic, agreeable to the stomach. Strangury, a disease, also produced on plants by tight ligatures. Strata, layers, beds. Streaks, little channels, furrows, or lines. Striie, small streaks. Striated, having streaks. Strict, upright, straight, not crooked. Strigi2, little, upright, unequal, stifi" hairs, swelled at their roots. Strigose, covered with strigas. Strigosely-pilose, covered with long, stilf, unequal hairs, swelled at their roots. Strigosely-muricated, covered with stiff unequal points, swelled at their roots. Strobile, a fir cone ; the fruit of Magnolia, and such like, are so called. Strophiola, a round protuberance at the base of some seeds. Strophiolate, having a strophiola. Struma, a wen, a protuberance. Strumose, ) j -.i. .„ ,,, ' y covered with strumas. Strumous, j Stupa, filamentose matter. Stupose, full of filamentose matter. Style, the stalk which intervenes between the ovary and the stigma and bearing the latter. The styles are called short in O.ialis when they are shorter than the shortest stamens. Styliferous, bearing a style or styles. Styptic, having the power to staunch blood. Sub, in composition, signifies somewhat, as sub- rotund, somewhat round, or roundish ; substipi- tate, having a very short stipe ; subcaulescent, having a kind of stem ; subumbellate, somewhat umbellate i subsagittate, somewhat sagittate ; sub- lobate, somewhat lobed ; subdentate, somewhat toothed ; subradical, almost radical, and so forth. Subalate, with a narrow wing or margin. Suberose, corky. Subulate, form of an awl, tapering to a point. Subulate-conical, between awl-shaped and conicaL Succulent, fleshy, and filled with juice. Sudorific, having the power of producing perspi- ration. Sujfrutcscent, 1 Suffruticose, >shrubby in a slight degree. Suffruticulose, j ucai, (. furj-owed, having furrows. Sulcated, ^ " Superior, when any thing is above the ovarium it is called superior ; the uppermost of any thing; the ovary or fruit is so called when it is above the calyx, petals, and stamens ; a radicle is said to be superior when in that end of the seed furthest from the hylum. Supernatant, floating on the surface of any thing. Supine, lying with the face upwards. Suppurate, to generate matter. Supra-aiillary, above the axils, in opposition In infra-axillary. Supra-decompound, above compound, doubly com- pounded. Surculi, young shoots. Suture, the line formed by the cohesion of two jjarts. usually applied to the fruit. Syngenesious, belonging to the 19th class in the sexual system. Synthetical, combining, opposed to analytical. Syphilitic, of or belonging to syphilis. T. Tails, the long feathery or hairy terminations of certain fruits. Tap-root, a root which penetrates deep and per- pendicularly into the ground without dividing. Tapering, becoming gradually narrower. Taper-pointed, having a long taper point. Tartareous, consisting of tartar. Teated, resembling the figure of a teat in animals. Tendrils, the curling, twining organs by which somi' plants lay hold of others, as the vine. Tendrilled, having tendrils. Terete, like a taper, round and long. Terminal, ending, or at the top of any thing. Tern, in threes, or three in a whorl. Ternary, consisting of threes, or succeeding by threes. Ternate, a leaf consisting of three leaflets, 2-3- ter- nate, twice or thrice ternate. Ternately-decompound, compounded in a ternate manner. Ternately-verticillate, having three leaves in a whorl. Tessellated, variegated by squares, chequered. Testa, the skin or integument of a seed. Testaceous, consistence of a shell. Tetanus, cramp of the stomach. Tetrachotomous, a stem that ramifies in fours. Tetragonal, having four angles. Teiragynous, having four styles. Tetrandrous, having four stamens. Tetrapetatous, having four petals. Tetraquetrous, having four angles or sides. Tetrasepulous, having four sepals. Thalamus, that part of a flower which rises below the ovarium, and sometimes supports the outer envelopes as well as the stamens in all the Tha- laniifiortF. Thallus, that part which bears the fructification in lichens. Thecte, the cases that contain the sporules of cryji- togamic plants. Thecaphore, an elongated receptacle, which bears one ovary only but not the petals, nor sta- mens ; example the caper. Thready, having long hairs like threads. Threads, long hairs like threads. Tlirual, the orifice of a flower. Thyrse, a kind of dense panicle, like that of the lilac. Thyrsoid, resembling a thyrse. Tissue, may be composed of membranes, bladders, cells or fibres. Tomentose, covered with dense curled white down or hairs. Tomentosely-cinereous, covered with grey tomentum. Tomentoselij-scabrous, covered with rough tomentum. Tomentoselyhairy, covered with long tomentum. Tomentoseiy-hispid, covered with stiff tomentum. Tomentosely-hoary, covered with hoary tomentum. Tomentosely-pilose, covered with long tomentum. Tomentosely-villous, covered with villous tomentum. To7nentosely-pubescent, covered with pubescent to- mentum. Tomentum, dense, close, white curled hairs or down. Tonic, bracing, corroborative. 9 xxu GLOSSARY. Toothed, divided so as to resemble teeth. Toothlettcd, furnished with little teeth. Topical, local, confined to some particular place. Torosc, uneven, alternately elevated and depressed. Tortuous, twisted. Torulose, slightly torose. Torus, the same as Thalamus. Travsversely-fiexuous, bent in a cross direction. Tratisversehj-pUcate, plaited in a cross direction. T /" ■ 4 ^" *^^ shape of a trapezium. Trapezoid, having the form of a trapezium. Triandrous, having three stamens. Tribractente, having three bracteas. Trichotomous, branches dividing in threes. Trichotomously-panicled, having a panicle, whose branches divide in threes. Trieoccous, a fruit of 3 1-seed cells is so called, as those of Euphorbia. Trieuspitlate, liaving three points. Tridcntate, having three teeth Trifarious, arranged in triple rank or in three rows. Trifoliate, having three leaflets. Trifid, divided into three, or not to the base. Trigonal, having three angles. Trigynous, having three styles. Trilocular, having tliree cells. Tripetaloid, appearing as if furnished with three petals. Tripetalous, having three petals. Tripinnaie, thrice-pinnate. Tripiunatifd, thrice pinnatifid. Triple-nerved, three-nerved, and throwing out three side nerves a little above the base. Triquetrous, having three sides or angles. Triquetrously'^-edged, having only two edges, tlie third being nearly obsolete. Trisected, cut into three parts. Triternate, thrice ternate. Triturated, reduced to powder by pounding. Trochleate, twisted like a pully. Truchleately-arched, twisted and arched. Tropical, belonging to the torrid zone. Truncate, lilunt, as if cut off. Trunculely-obtuse, blunt, and as if cut off. Truncately-triangular, cut off at end so as to give ttie leaf a triangular figure. Tube of stamens or stamiviferous tubct the tube formed from the cohesion of the filaments in monadelphous flowers is so called. Tube of calyx, the tube formed from the cohesion of the sepals. Tubercled, Tubercled, \ Tuberculate, I Tuherculated, f rubercutar, ) covered with knots or tubercles. Tuberculately-hairy, covered with stiff short hairs resembling tubercles. Tuberous, bearing fleshy, solid, roundish or longisli roots, like the potatoe. Tubers, roots so called, potatoes. Tubular, forming a tube. Tufted, forming a dense tuft. Tumid, swelling. Tunic, a coat, a seed cover. Tunicated, having a coat or coats. Turbinate, ^ , • ., n c ^ Turbinated, | ''=»^''"g 'h"^ ^S'^^^ °^ * •"?• Turbinatehj-globose, between the form of a top and a globe. Turgid, swollen, puffed up. U. Umbellulate, disposed in small umbels. Umbellate, having the flowers in round flat heads, the peduncles originating from a common centre, as in the carrot. Vmbellately-branched, branched in an umbellate manner. Umbelliferous, bearing umbels. Umbellules, \ small umbels, the divisions of an Umbellets, f umbel. Umbels, the flat tuft of flowers produced by a carrot, the peduncles and pedicels always rising from a common centre. Umbilical, of or belonging to the umbilicus. it' 1 ■;■ , '_? f hollowed like the navel. Umbdicaled, J Umbilicus, the cord which attaches the seed to the placenta. Umbonate, having a top in the centre like that of the ancient shield. Unarmed, destitute of prickles or spines, which arc called the arms of plants. Unnppendiculate or inappendiculate , without appen- dages of any kind. Uncinate, hooked. Uncinately-infiexed, hooked inwards. Unctuous, fat, oily. Undulate, \ i ■ • j r n- Undulated, r'"'"'"^' "''"S ^""^ '^''"S" UtidulateUj-crenated, crenated and waved. Undulately-curledy curled and waved. Undiilatelif-rugose, \ rugged or wrinkled and Undnhitehj-wrinkled, f waved. Unt'qiial, when applied to petals or sepals, indicates that they are of unequal size and shape. Unequal-sided^ having unequal sides. Ujiguiciila/e, 1 /. ■ 1 1 -^1 1 rr • 1 , \i r lurnished with claws or an unguis. Unguicuiated, } ° UnguiSf the taper-base of a peteil or any thing else. UnUabiate, having only one lip. Unilateral, one-sided, or leaning to one side. Unilocular, having one cell. Unisexual, being of one sex. Urceolar, of or belonging to an urceolus, having an urceolus, or expanded into an urceolus ; usually applied to the disk. Urceolate, pitcher-shaped. Urceolus, the filaments ma> be joined into a pitcher- shaped body, this is called the urceolus of the stamens, or they may be surrounded by a pitcher- shaped membrane, this is also called an urceolus. Ustulate, blackened. Uterine, belonging to the womb. Uterus, the womb. Utricle, a little bottle or bladder. Utricular, composed of little bladders. Valvate, opening like valves. Valvatehj -connate, joined like valves. Valvffform, form of a valve. Valvcless, without valves. Valvular, consisting of valves. f'alvular-dissepiments, having dissepiments or par- titions in the centre of the valves. Valves, the divisions of a capsule. Vatved, having valves. Varicose, swollen here and there. Vascular, composed of tubes or vessels. Vaulted, formed or placed like the roof of a vault. Vehdess, without veins. Velvety, covered with down like velvet. Velvet y-puberuJous, covered with velvety down. Velvety-pubescent, covered with soft, pressed down, like velvet. Velvety-tomentose, covered with soft tomentum like velvet Veneering, the art of covering one kind of wood with thin plates of another kind. Ventricose, inflated. Vermicular, having the appearance of a worm. Vermifuge, that which expels worms. Vernacular, native. J'ernal, belonging to the spring. Versatile, swinging lightly on a stalk, so as to be continually changing direction. Vertex, the uppermost point. Vertical, perpendicular. J'erticaUy-compressed, that is depressed. Verticillate, disposed in a whorl. VertiUuear, the same as rectilinear. Vesicatories, blistering plasters. Vesicles, hollow excrescences, resembling bladders. Vexilhim, standard, the upper petal of a pea-flower. Villi, long, close, rather soft hairs. Villous, covered with soft, close, long, loose hairs. Villously -ciliated, ciliated with soft hairs. Villously-cinereous, covered with grey, soft, long loose hairs. Villously-kairy, covered with soft hairs, Villously- pubescent, covered with soft long pubes- cence. Villously-tomentose, cowGxeAviith soft long tomentum. Violaceous, the colour of a violet. Virescent, greenish. Visoid, ) .1 • 1 ,-. > adhesive, clammy. y iscous, J ^ Viviparous, bearing young plants in the place of flowers and seed. Vulnerary, useful in the cure of wounds. Vulviform, like a cleft with projecting edges. W. Warted, covered with protuberances like warts. Wattled, having processes like the wattles of a cock. Wavy, undulated. Waved, having wavy edges. H7i?7f-velvetj-, covered with white down like velvet. Whorled, disposed in whorls or whirls. Whorls, leaves inserted round a stem, as those of Hippuris or Equisetum. Wing, in botany, signifies a membranous border, wherewith many seeds are supported in the airi when floating from place to place. Wings, the side petals of a pea-flower. Wifig-formed, having the form of a wing. Winged, having a wing or wings. Wrinkled, having an uneven surface. Zonate, having a dark belt in the shape of a horse- shoe, as in some species of Pelargonium. Zones, stripes or belts. Zigzag, a stem is called zigzag when it bends from side to side. INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME, COMPRISING THE SYSTEMATIC AND ENGLISH GENERIC NAMES, AND THE ENGLISH AND SYSTEMATIC SYNONYMES. •»* In this Index the systematic names used, and the English names in common use, are in Roman letters ; the synonymes in [talks ; tlie names of Classes, Sub-classes, and Orders in large capitals ; and the names of Sub-orders and Tribes in small capitals. A. Allophi/lhis, C63, 664 Apeiba, 554 Balanites, 774 Bladder-catchfly. 399 Almeidea, 798 Aplianamixis, 685 Balanopteris, 518 Bland's-grape, 71' Abatia, Alsodea, 341 Apliania, 672 Balbisia, 768 Blighia, 669 Aberemoa, 98 Alsodea, 340, 341. 343 Aphanostemma, 42 Balsam, 748, 749 Blood-root, 136 Ablania, 556 Alsodine.e, 340 Aphragmus, 223 Balsam-tree, 616 Blumea, 573 Abroma, 522 Alsiiic, 425. 427, 428, 429. Aplophyllum, 780 Balsamina, 748 Bocagea, 100 Abuta, 112 434, 435, 436. 442. Aporetica, 664 BALSAM INE^, 748 Bocconia, 136 Abutilon, 500 Alsine.e, 418 Api)le-berry, 373 Banara, 295 Bocconia, 137 Abutilon, 497, 498 Alsinclla, 434 Aquilegia, 49 Bane-berry, 65 Boleum, 254 Acer, fi48 Althaea, 466 Aquilicia, 712 Banflya, 384 BOMBACE/E, 505 Acer, 651 Althma, 474 Arabide^e, 151 Banisteria, 643 Bombax, 51 1 Aceratium, 560 Altheria, 531 Arabis, 161. 269 Banisteria, 639. 646, 647 Bombax, 511, 512, 513, ol4 ACERINE.E, 647 Alyssine.e, 173 Arabis, 158. 160, 161. 166, BANISTERIE.E, 641 569 Achania, 475 Alyssum, 179 167. 169. 173. 176. 208. Barbadoes-chcrry, 634. 636 Bonannia, 250, 251, 669 Achlys, 120 Alyssum, 175, 176, 177, 17B. 213. 253 265 Barbadoes-grape-fruit, 592 Bonnetia, 570 Acladodea, 669 180, 181. 187. 192. 214, Architjea, 572 Barbarea, 159 Bonnetia, 570 Acmadenia, 785 215 Arenaria, 431 Barberry, 115 Bonplandia, ^9^ Aconite, 55 American-cress, 159 Arenaria, 424, 425, 426. 431. Barclaya, 124 Bootia, 397 Aconitum, 54 American-elm, 523 441. 447, 448 Barosma, 785 Borecole, 227, 228, 229 Acosmia, 448 Amirolu, 673 Aretia, 186 Barraldeia, 808 Boronia, 793 Acosmus, 640 Amomilla, 558 Argemone, 134 Barren-wort, 120 Boscia, 277 ACOTYLEDOXE/E, 1 Ampacns, 804 Argemone, 134 Bartramia, 544. 546 Boscia, 808 Acronodia, 561 AMPELIDE.E, 689 Arnotta, 294 Bastard-cedar, 523. 687 Boymia, 805 Actaea, 64 Ampelopsis, 694 Aromadendron, 85 Bastard-cress, 190, 191, 192 Brachycarpsa, 268 Actiea, 72 Amygdala, 651 Aroma-tree, 85 Bastard-hemp, 290 Brachycarpe.e, 268 Adam-apple, 589 Anamirta, 109 Arongana, 614 Bastardia, 497 Brachylobos, 157, 158 Adansonia, 509 Anastatica, 199 Arrudea, 617 Balsckia, 113 Brachystemma, 447 Adansonia, 509 Anastatica, 198 Arsis, 286 Bea-larkspur, 52 Branching-annual-stock 201 Adenandra, 782 ANASTATICEyE, 199 Artabotn/s, 94 Bead-tree, 680, 681 Brasenia, 122 Adenandra, 782, 783. 785, Anatropa, 774 Aniba,l'i>8. 811 Bean-caper, 771, 772 Brassica, 226 786 Anchietea, 340 Asaphes, 808 Beatsonia, 377 Brassica, 212, 213. 251, 252 Adt'Tiodits, 559 Anchonie.e, 225 AscyTum, 612 Beaver- tree, 82 253, 254. 264 Adlumia, 141 Anchonium, 226 Ascyrum, 607 Beauharnoisia, 617 BRASSICE.E, 226 Adonis, 23 Andreoskia, 204 Ascyum, 624. 625 Bengal Quince, 587 Braunea, 108 Adonis, 22 Androsace, 186 Asimina, 91 BERBERIDE.E, 114 Braya, 160 Adostemoii, 117 Androsaimum, 601 Aspicarpa, 640 Berberis, 114 Bredemeyera, 369 Adrasta;a, 75 Andraphilax, 107 Assa, 69 Berber is, 118 Brei/nia, 284 Adyseton, 177 Anemone, 15 Assonia, 536 Bergera, 586 Bri'ndonia, 621 yEgle, 587 Anemone, 15. 22 Astrapaea, 538 Bergeretia, 181 Brocoli, 228. 233. 236, 237 jEsculus, 652 Anemones, 11 Astropus, 531 Bergia, 421. 449 238 ^sculus, 653 Angostura-bark, 797 Atalantia, 583 Berrya, 558 Brompton-stock, 269 j'Ethionema, 222 Anise-seed-tree, 79 Aubertia, 804 Bessera, 292 Brownlowia, 553 Agatliosma, 786 Anneslea, 565 Aubletia, 554, 555 Berteroa, 175 Brussels-sprouts, 227 Agathosma, 783. 789 Anneslea, 124 Aubrietia, 176 Bicuculla, 141 Brucea, 800 Agdestis, 113 Annona, 85. 91, 92 Aulacea, 585 Biebersteinia, 774 Brucea, 808 Aglaia, 585 Anoda, 489 AUUANTIACE^., 582 Billardiera, 372 Brunellia, 801 Agrostemma, 416 Anodontea, 180 Aurinia, 177- 179- 266 Biophvtum, 753 Brunia, 785 Agrostemma, 415. 417 Anomalopteris, 647 Averrhoa, 752 Biporcia, 647. 811 Bubroma, 522, 523 Ailantus, 887 Anona, 87 Awl-wort, 268 Biscutflla, 196. 269 Buckler-mustard, 196, 197. Akee-tree, 669 Anona, 94 Ayenia, 525 Biscutella, 198. 216. 254 269 Akeesia, 669 ANOXACEyE, 86 Azanza, 485 Bitter-wood, 96, 97 Bucco, 782, 783. 785, 786, Aldrovanda, 346 Anotta, 294 Azara, 297 Bivonaea, 221 787, 788, 789 Alectryon, 675 Anthodon, 627, 628 Bixa, 294 Buffonia, 419 Alegria, 557 Anthodus, 627. G28 BIXIXE.E, 293 Bug-wort, 64 AUeluja, 765 Antholoma, 623 B. Black-hellebore, 46 Buku, 786 Alliaria, 209 Antichorus, 542 Black-mustard, 248 Bull or Bullet-grape, 7 11 7L-' Alligator-apple, 88 .Vpatelia, 568 Badiera, 363 Blackburnia, 806 Bunchosia, 638 XXIV INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME. Buniade;e, 203 Bunias, 263 Bimias, 198. 200. 215. 254, 255. 259, 260. 263, 264 Burasaia, 104 Bursaria, 374 Butter-cups, 36. 40 Butter-flower, 36. 40 Butter-nut, 654 Butter and Tallow-tree, CI 9 Buttneria, 523 Byblis, 347 Byrsonima, 630 Byttneria, 524 BYTTNERIACE/E, 518 Byttnerie.e, 521 C. Cabbage, Thousand - headed, 228 Cabbage, Cow, 229 Cabbages, Red and White, 227. 231, 232, 233. 245, 240, 247, 248 Cabomba, 121 Cacao, 521, 522 Cacao, 521, 522 Cadaba, 277 Cakile, 200 Cakile, 225. 250. 259, 200. 264 CAKILINE.E, 200 Calabura, 554 Calppina, 255 Calepiua, 255 Cttlinen, 71 CaWgoiutm, 72 CaUirrhoe, 504 Calodendron, 782 Calophyllie/e, 621 Calophyllum, 622 Calophijllum, 621. 630 Caltha, 43 Caltha, 43. 63 Caltrops, 769 Calpandria, 686 CALYCIFLOR^,2 Calypso, 629 Calyptranthes, 781 Calyptrion, 318 Camarea, 040 Camboge, 020 Cmnbogia, 020 Camelina, 214 Camelina, 187 Camellia, 574-578 CnmeUia, 574-578 CamelliE;E, 574 Camphor-tree, 813, 814 Campylta, 730 Canaiiga, 97 Candollea, 74 Candy-tuit, 194, 195. 209 Canella, 679 Cape-kale, 500 Capellia, 77 Caper-tree, 278-285 Capers, 278 Capnorchis, 140 Cappaueje, 276 C.'\PPAR1DE^,270 Capparis, 270 Capparls, 270, 277, 278. 285, 280 Capsella, 216 CapseUa, 190 Carambolas, 753 Caraipa, 570 Carapa, 685 Carara, 216 Cardamine, 167 Cardamine, 164. 160.171,172, 173, 174. 208. 209. Cardaria, 217 Cardiospermum, 050 Canctera, 542 Carnation, 388-391 Carolinea, 510 Carpodontos, 013 Carpolobia, 370 Carrichtera, 254 Caryocar, 053 CARYOPHYLLE^, 379 Casalea, 42 Castalia, 125, 126 Castaiiea, 555 Castela, 817 Catchfly, .398-414 Caucanthus, 639 Cauliflower, 228. 233-230 CaulophijUum, 119, 120 Cavamllcsia, 509 Cedrate Lemons, 587 Cedrates, 587 Cedrela, 680 CEDRELlACEiE, Ccdriis, 087 Celandine, 138 Cehstnix, 374 CELLULARES, 1 Ceranthera, 341 Cerastiuni, 411 Cermlium, 420. 424. 428. 430, 431 Ceratocephalus, 25 Cliadnra, 548. 550, 551 Cho'tcen, 525 Chnlciis, 585 Chamira, 204 Champawk, 81 Charlock, 279 Cheiranthus, 154. 160 Chnmntkus, 151-153. 159. 173, 174. 187. 201-210. 213 CheiravtJiodendront 514 Chcblnia, 210 Clieirostemon, 514 Chclidonium, 138 ChcUdoiihim, 135. 137, 138 Cherleria, 447 Cherimoyer, 89 Chica, 517 Chickweed, 428 Chicken-grape, 711 Chisocheton, 085 Chitonia, 773 CHLENACE^, 561 Chtoromyrum, 015 Cbloroxylon, 088 Chocolate-nut, 521, 522 Choisya, 790 Ckondodendron, 106 Chorisia, 513 Cliorispermum, 200, 201 Chorispora, 200 Chou Rave, 228. 233 Christiana, 556 Christmas-rose, 45 Chrysogmmm, 119 Chrysopia, 618 Ciirysopieje, 618 CiconUtm^ 732 Cionfm-gia, 488 Ch;'i))tegosia, 488 Cimicit'uga, 64 Cipadessa, 680 Cissampelos, 109 Ciisnmpelos, 105. 112 Cissus, 089 Chsus, 094. 710 CISTINE^, 297 Cistus, 298 Chilis, 302-315 Citrons, 587, 588, 589 Citrus, 587 Citrus, 587 Clausena, 580 Clematide.e, 3 Clematis, 3 Clematis, 10, 11 Cleome, 272 Cleame, 106. 214. 267. 271, 272. 275. 277, 278 Cleome/E, 271 Cleomella, 271 Cleyera, 566 Cleyera, 565 Clampanus, 516, 517 Clove-pink, 387 Cow-cabbage, 229 Cbignin, 76 Clusia, 616 Clusia, 617, 618 ClusiejE, 615 Clypea, 113 Clyjieola, 181 Clypeola, 175. 177, 178. 196 Cocculus, 104 Cochlearia, 187 Cocklcaria, 214, 215, 216, 217, 225. 256 Cochlospermum, 569 Cola, 515 Colbertia, 77 Coleonema, 783 Cole-seed, 241. 244, 245 Coleworts, 227 Colomba-root, 107 Coloiia, 552 Colsa or Colsat, 241 Columbia, 552 Columbine, 49 Cohimella, 473 Comesperma, 362 Commersonia, 523 Commersonia, 524 Common-lime, 590 Conchocarpus, 708 Cookia, 685 Copal, Indian, 614 Coptis, 46 Corchorus, 542 Corchoriis, 542 Cordylocaqius, 200 Cordylocarpiis, 250. 264 Coriaria, 818 CORIARIE.E, 818 Cnringia, 213 COROLLIFLORiE, 2 Corompiis, 210, 217. 208 Corraea, 790 Corydalis, 141 Corydalis, 140, 141. 144 Corynandra, 275 Corynoslylis, 318 Coscinium, 109 Cossignia, 072 Cotton, 480, 487 COTYLEDONE.^;, 1 Colylisciis, 217 Cowhage-cherry, 634 Crambe, 250 Crambe, 215. 225. 256 Crane's-bill, 715-721 Craspediim, 560 Cratseva, 276 Cralmm, 277. 587 Crato.Kylum, 613 Cremolobus, 198 Cress-rocket, 254 Cristaria, 489 Croton, 030 Crowea, 792 Crnwea, 792 Crowfoot, 25-41 CRUClFERyE, 140 Cuckoo-buds, 40 Cuckoo-flower, 109 Cuckoo's-meat, 765 Cucubalus, 398 Cucuialiis, 381. 398-402. 405. 407-409. 412, 413 Citciillaria, 140 Cucumber- tree, 83. 753 Cidhamia, 517 Ciimiiniiim. 586 Cu])ania, 667 Curatella, 72 Ciirlisia, 803 Cusparia, 797 Cusparie.c, 796 Custard-apple, 87 Cyamiis, 123, 124. 120 Cyminosma, 781 Cyrilla, 374 Cysticapnos, 141 Dactylicapnos, 140 Dame's-violet, 203. 209 Dammer-tree, 814 Datisca, 290 DATISCE^E, 290 Davilla, 70 nni/eiiid. 526 Deiima, 71 Delimace/E,68 Delphinium, 50 Dentaria, 171 Dentaria, I70 Desinos, 95 Diantlms, 384 Dianllms, 383 Dicera, 560 Dichosma, ^8^ DICOTYLEDONE/E, 1 Dictamnus, 781 Dictamnns, 782 Dietyoloma, 800 Didesmus, 259 Dldesmus, 264 Didymocheton, 685 Dielytra, 140 Diglottis, 708 Dilepliiim, 221 Dillenia, 77 Dilleiiia, 75, 76, 77, 507 DILLENlACEyE,08 DiLLENIEyE, 72 Dimacria, 728, 720 Dimerezot 009 Dimocarjius, 670 Diona^a, 347 Diosma, 783 Diosma, 7«3. 790. 807 DiOSME.E - AusTRALASICiE, 790 DiOSMEyE-CAPENSES, 782 Diosmeae-EuropEeanae, 781 Diphylleia, 120 DiPLECOLOBE.B, 264 Diplola-na, 790 Diplopetaliim, 609 Diplophractum, 554 Diplophractum, 554 Diplotaxis, 252 DIPTEROCARPEiE, 812 Dipterocarpus, 812 Discocapnos, 140 Discovium, 181 Dobinea, 651 Dodonaea, 673 Dodon.eace.e, 672 Doliocarpus, 71 Dombeya, 536 Dombeya, 537 DoMBEYACEiE, 535 Double-catchfly, 415 Double - white Batchelor's- buttons, 30 Dove's-lbot, 719 Draba, 182 Draba, 175, 176. 179. 182. 187. 189. 193. 215. 217. 268 Drimys, 79 Drosera, 343 Drosera, 347 DROSERACE^, 343 Drosophyllum, 347 Drymaria, 426 Dryobalanops, 813 Drypis, 418 Duquctia, 97 Diirinidia, 203 Durio, 513 Dmion, 513, 514 Duck's-foot, 121 Dwarf-box, 30 Dyers' -weed, 288 Dyers' -woad, 224 Dysoxylum, 683 Dysojyliim, 082 E. Echinocarpus, 295 Ecthnis, 134 Egyptian-bean, 123 Egyptian-kale, 233 Egyptian-lotos, 126 Ehrenbergia, 700 Ekebergia, 083 ELiEOCARPE^, 558 Elaeocarpus, 550 Eliriicarpiis, 500. 814 Elatine, 420. 440 ELATINE/E, 440 Elephant-apple, 587 Eliea, 013 Elk-wood, 83 Elhaja, 682 Elodea, 612 Elvasia, 817 Empedoclea, 71 Empleurum, 790 Enarthrocarpus, 260 ENDOGENEiE, 1 Enemion, 47 Enourea, 662 Entelea, 541 Enlogamim, 795 Epecacuanha, White, 335 Ephielis, 670 Epibaleriiim, 106. 108 Epicharis, 084 Epimedium, 119 Eranthis, 45 Eriodendron, 512 Erioglossum, 666 Erioleena, 539 Eriolfpna, 538 Eriostemon, 702 Eriostemon, 560. 782. 701, 792 Erodium, 721 Erophila, 187 Eroleiim, 507 Erpetion, 334 Eruca, 253 Enica, 240, 247. 252, 253 Enicago, 203 Erucaria, 264 Erucarie^. 264 Enicaslrum, 249 INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME. Erysiuuim, 200 Er:isinuim. 158, 159.205,206, i>07, 208, 209. 24(i, 24?. 252 Erytlirochiton, 799 ERVTHROSrERME.f., 293 En'tliro'^pornnini, 293 ERYT111!()\VI,E/K, 630 Ery(lir,.xvlon. (i:i() Eri/lhroxi/luii, V,Xi Eschscholzia, 137 Esenbeckia, 556. 705 Espera, 557 Ethiopian-pepper, 95 Euchaetis, 785 EUCLIDIE^, 108 Eucliciium, 19H Euclidiiim, 199 Eucryphia, 013 EucRYrniE.E, 613 Eudenia, 215 Eunomia, 222 Euoiiyinus, 815 Euphoria, 670 Eupomatia, 91 Eurya, 506 EURYE.E, 565 Euryantlie, 505 Euryale, 124 Euryaiifira, 69 Euthemis, 558 Eutrema, 215 Enzomian, 253 Evodia, 795 Eimdia. 804 EXOGENE^, 1 Eystatlies, 675 Fagara, 795. 802, 803, 804, 805 Fagonia, 770 Fair Maids of France, 30 Farsetia, 174. 209. Farsetia, 175, 1/6. 181. 255. 265, 26C Fennel-Hower, 48 Feronia, 587 Fibrnurea, 108 Fibigia, 174 Ficaria, 4.3 Fis.silia, 581 Five-leaved Ivy, 694 Flacourtia, 201 FL.\COURTIANE.^, 200 Flacourtie/E, 201 Flax, 450-458 Flax, Common, 453-456 Flax-seed, 458 Flindersia, 688 Flix-weed, 207 Forbidden-fruit, 587. 592 Foveolaria, 670 Fox-grape, 711 Frankenia, 375 FR.\NKENI,\CEi?;, 375 Frankeniej,, 375 Franklinia, 573 Fraxinella, 781 French-turnip, 245 Freziera, 567 Freziera, 566 Freziere^, 506 Friesia, 560 Fugosia, 488 Fumaria, 144 Fumaria, 140-146 FUMARI.4CE.E, 139 Fumitory, 144-146 VOL. I. Gaertnera, 639 Guhseum, 45 Galipea, 797 Galpliimia, 639 Galplilmia, 636. 030, 640 Galvezia, 800 Gami)oge, 620 Gilnitnis, 550 Garcinia, 610 Garchiui, 621 Garcinie.e, 618 Garden-cress, 218 Garden- pink, 305 Garden-rocket, 253, 254 Garidella, 47 Garlic-pear, 270 Gaudichaudia, 640 Gnija, 407 Geeria, 566 Gela, 582 Gclonium, 660 Gemella, 664 GEK.VNIACE.'E, 713 Geranium, 715 Geranium, 714, 715- "21-743. 745 German-catchfly, 415 Gemma, 678 Giliberlia, 070 Githago, 417 Glandttlifolia, 782, 7B3 Glauciuni, 137 Glaucium, 137 Globe-flower, 44 Globe-mallow, 465 Glossarrhen, 320 Glossospennum^ 538 Glossostemon, 523 Gluta, 530 Glycosmis, 586 Glycosmis, 584, 585 Godoya, 572 Goethea, 530 Gold-cups, 40 Gold of Pleasure, 214, 215 Goldbachia, 226 Golden-apples, 587 Goldilocks, 32 Gomphia, 815 Gonioscheton, 683 Gonohoria, 340 Gonohoria, 341 Gonus, 801 Gordonia, 573 Gordonia, 560. 574 Gokdonie.e, 573 Gorinla, 198 Melhania, 537 Melia, 680 Melia, 082. 684 MELIACE.E, 677 Melianthus, 774 Melie.e, 678 Melicocca, 072 Melicocca, 071, 072 Melicope, 795 Melicytus, 293 Melochia, 528 Mehclda, 329, 530 Melodonim, 90 Meniocus, 181 Meniscosta, 1 13 MENlSPERMACEvE, 102 Menispermeje, 104 Menispernium, 112 Menispermum, 104-109 Menonvillea, 198 Merckia, 441 Merimca, 449 Mesua, 621 Metrodorea, 793 Mexican-poppy, 134, 135 Michelia, 81 Mirlielia, 84 Micranthera, 017 Microcos, 551 Microcos, 550 Micromelum, 585 Micropetahtm, 448 Microstcmma, 554 Mignonette, 287-289 Mill-mountains, 438 Milk- wort, 349-303 Milnea, 083 Minuartia, 435 Mischorarpus, 668 Mithridate-peppci'wort, 218 Mock-plane-tree, 648 Modiola, 405 Moenchia, 420 Ma-iicliia, 179. 182. 214 Mitlu-ingia, 420 Molina, 039 MoUnaa, 008 Mollia, 557 Mollinedia, 100 Mollugo, 421 Mollugo, 422, 423 Monk's-hood, 57 Monkey-bread, 509 Monniera, 709 Monnina, 306 Monuina, 368 MON'OCOTyLEDONE.E,l MONOCHLAMYDE.E, 2 Monodora, 91 Monsonia, 714 Monsoiiia, 715. 745 Montezuma, 509 Morettia, 199 Moricandia, 251 Morisonia, 285 Moronobea, 018 Moss-campion, 398 Mougeotia, 329, 530 MoiUinsia, 060 Mouse-ear-chickweed, 442. 447 Mouse-tail, 25 Mundia, 306 Muntingia, 554 Muraltia, 364 Mm-icaria, 233 Murraya, 585 Murraya, 586 Mustard, 248-251 Myagrum, 225 Mi/agrum, 157. 176. 187. 193, 199. 215. 214. 222. 254, 255, 230. 258, 259. 263, 264. 268 Myosurus, 25 Mijosotis, 442 Myrodia, 308 Myrodendron, 076 N. Nandina, 118 Napaa, 496, 497 Naravelia, 10 Nasturtium, 133. 209 Nasturtium, 170, 171. 187. 208. 209. 213. 217. 219. 221. 740. Navew, 244 Navet, 245 Neapolitan-violet, 325 Nectris, 121 Negundo, 651 Negro-pepper, 95 Nelumbium, 123 Nelumeone.e, 123 Nephelium, 070 Nephroia, 109 Neslia, 215 Neuroloma, 173 Niebuhria, 277 Nigella, 48 Nim:i, 811 Niota, 647 NIota, 81 1 Nirbisia, 63 Nocctea, 192 Noisettia, 319 Noisettia, 319 Norantea, 024 Norante.e, 024 Norway-maple, 050 Nothria, 376 Notoceras, 138 N0T0RHIZE.E, 201 Nuphar, 127 Nuttallia, 504 Nymphaea, 124 Nymph(Sa, 127 NYMPH^EACEiE, 122 NymphjEE.*, 124 O. Ochna, 813 Ochna, 816, 817 OCHNACEyE, 814 Ochradenus, 289 Ochrocarpns, 617 Ochroma, 314 Ochro.iyhim, 803 Ochthodium, 199 Odontandria, 086 Odontostemma, 449 Okro, 480 OLACINE^, 579 Olax, 580 Olax, 580, 581, 382 Olbia, 469 Ophelus, 509 OpiUa, 580 Oranges, 587. 593. 590-598 Orchidocarpuni , 91, 92 Oreas, 215 Ornilrophc, 003-063 Ortegia, 418 Ortiiopi.oce.e, 220 Orinm. 181 Orophea, 97 Othrys, 276 Otidia, 729, 730 Otillis, 712 Oudncya, 166 Ouratea, 816 OXALIDE^, 752 Oxalis, 753 O.ialis, 753 Oxieya, 008 0.riicnrp,is,(i2\ Ozophyllum, 799 Pachira, 510, 511 Pachynema, 72 Paeonia, 65 Pceony, 05 P^oniace.e, 64 Palavia, 489 Pallasia, 782 Pansy, 330-332 Papaver, 129 Papan-r, 135 PAPAVERACE/E, 128 Parapetalifera, 780 Pariera-brava, 110. 112 Paritium, 484 Parnassia, 347 Parrya, 173 Pasque-flower, 15-21 Passoura, 340 Patrisia, 291 Patrisia, 291 PATRISIE.E, 291 Paullinia, 000 Paullinin, 058, 659, GOO. 805 I'avia, 052 Pavonia, 472 Pavonia, 475, 470, 477, 478 Pearl-wort, 419, 420 Pedicellia, 075 Peganuni, 778 Peganum, 781 Pekea, 054 Pelargonium, 725 Peltaria, 181 Peltaria, 223. 266 Pen^a, 303 Penny-cress, 191 Pentadesma, 019 Pentaloba, 342 Pentapetes, 535 Pcniapetcs, 537, 538 Pepper-wort, 217-221 Periptera, 490 Peritoma, 271 Per soon ia, 085 Petrocallis, 182 Phaocarpiis, 675 Pharnaceum, 422 Pheasant's-eye, 23 Phebalium, 791 Philagonia, 808 Philotheca, 701 Phytnatanthus, 731 Physa, 423 Physiphora, 341 Pliysostemon, 275 Picotee, 388 Pierardia, 075 Pigea, 330 Pile-wort, 43 Pilocarpus, 795 Pilocarpus, 795 Pink, 384-395 Piparea, 342 PITTOSPORE^, 372 Pittosporum, 373 Plagianthus, 508 Plane-tree, 648 Platyspermum, 193 Platvpetalum, 268 Plec'tanthcra, 377 Plenckia, 796 Pleurandra, 73 Pleurorhize.e, 173 PODOPHYLLACE^, 120 Podophyllum, 120 Podophyllum, 121 Poldana, 804 Polanisia, 273 Polembryum, 807 Polychla;na, 488 Pohicarjmn, 424 PoUgala, 349 Pul'i/gala, 336. 363, 364, 305, 366. 308 POLYGALE/E, 34H Polyspora, 574 Pombalia, 335 Pometia, O7O Poiiera, 603 Poppy, 129-134 Porcelia, 92 Porcclia, 91, 92 Porpa, 547 Porlieria, 773 Portesia, 082 Pourretia, 509 Prockia, 290 Prostca, 004 Psehum, 109 Pseudaleia, 582 Pseudaleioides, 582 Pseudiosma, 807 Psychine, 255 Psychine, 255 P.SYCHINE.E, 255 Ptelea, 806 Ptclea, 806 Pterisanthes, 694 Pterolobium, 190 Pterygium, 812 Pteroneurum, 171. 209 Pterospermum, 537 Puccoon, 136 Pugionum, 199 Pulsatilla, 15 Purging- flax, 458 Pythagorean-bean, 124 Q. Quapoija, 617 Quararibea, 308 Quassia, 809 Quassia, 810, 81 1 Quick-in-hand, 750 Quinaria, 585 Quivisia, 679 R Racaria, 075 Raddisia, 027 Radiola, 458 Radish, 260-263 INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME. XXVll Uambootan, (>70 RANUNCULACE/E, 2 Ranuncule.e, 24 Ranunculus, 25 Rauiawitliis, 25. 42, 43, 44 Rape, 244, 245 Rapiiane^, 256 Rapfianistrum, 263 Raphanus, 200 Raplmnus. 200. 201. 209. 225, 226. 247. 240, 250. 260. 204 Rapistrum, 250 Rapistnim, 190,200,215. 225. 255. 258, 259 202, 263, 204 RapiUia, 797, 798 Ratoiihi, 668 Rattany, 370 Rmia. 797 Recchia, 72 Red-campion. 415 Red-wood, 631, 632 Red-sorrel, 483 Redoutea, 487 Redowskia, 223 Reinwardiia, 573 Reseda, 287 RESEDACE.E, 286 Reveesia, 518 Rhatany, 370, 371 Rlieedia, 019 RHIZOBOLE/E, 653 Rhizobolus, 654 Rhodolaena, 562 RJius, 807 Rhynchotheca, 714 Riauaf 314 Richiea, 276 Ricotia, 174 Ricotia, 206 Riedleia, 529 Rinorea, 341 Robertia, 45 Roblnea, 667 Rocket, 202-204 240 Rocket-larkspur, 50 Rock-lychnis, 415 Rock-rose, 298-301 Roelaim, 632 Roemeria, 137 Roepera, 770 Rollinia, 90 Romanzowia, 340 Roridula, 347 Rose-campion, 410, 417 Rose of Jericho, 199 Roumea, 292 Rouviea, 292 Rubenfia, 805 Rue, 778, 779 Ruizia, 535 Ruizia, 673 Rulingia, 524 Ruta, 778 Ruta, 780, 781 RUTACE.E, 775 Ruyscliia, 625 Ryanasa, 291 S. Sacaglottis, 676 Salanthus, 690. 693 Sagina, 419 Sagina, 420. 424 Salacia, 027 Salacia, 029 Satvionea, 362 Salomonia, 362 Saraadera, 811 Samadera, 647 SamaduTOj 811 Samaiidiira, 518 Samnra, 806 Samijda, 295 Sand-chickwecd. 424 Sand-mustard, 252, 253 Sand-spurrv, 425. 426 Sand-wort, 43 1-44 1 Sandal-wood, 680 Sandoricum, 080 Sanguinaria, 130 SaoKariy 054 SAPINDACE.E, 654 Sapinde.e, 656 Sapindtis, 605 Snphidus, 007. 670. 672. 803 Saponaria, 396 Saponaria, 382 Sarracenia, 128 SARRACENIE.E, 127 Sarcocapnos, 144 Sarcocarpum, 101 Sarcocaulon, 715 Sarcolaena, 502 Sarothra, 612 Sasanqua, 570 Sauce-alone, 209 Saurauja, 507 Saurauja, 508 Saurai)je;f., 507 Sauvage;e, 377 Sauvagesia, 377 Savignya, 254 Savoys; 227. 230 Scarlet-lychnis, 415 Schepperia, 278 Schiedea, 427 Schima, 573 Schimis, 802, 803 Schivereckia, 177 Schizandra, 101 SCHIZANDRIACE.E, 101 Schizochiton, 085 Schizolaena, 502 Sciiizopetaliej:, 208 Scliizopetalon, 208 Srhlerhtciidaliii, 557 Schleichera, 072 Sclimidelia, 603 ScUmidelia, 665 Schrancldii, 259 Sciiouwia, 255 Schouwia, 476 Schweig!T.-ria, 319 Sclnris, 797. 799 Sclerostylis, 584 ScopoUa, 805, 800 Scotch-kale, 228 Screw-tree, 506. 508 Scruby-oak, 814 Scurvy-grass, 187-190 Scytalia, 670, 071 Sea-cole-wort, 227, 228 Sea-heatli, 375, 370 Sea-kale, 256-259 Sea-rocket, 200 Sea-spurry, 426 Securidaca, 309 Sehts, 582 Selenia, 269 Seniarillaria, 660, 001 Senacia, 374 Senckenbergia, 219 Senebiera, 216 Senebiera, 217 Senega, 359 Seringia, 526 Serjania, 058 Seriana, 058 Serra, 488 SerriFa, 488 Sethia, 633 Set/moiiria, 731 Sliaddock, 596 Shcpherd's-purse, 216 Slcorea, 813 Shrubby- trefoil, 806 SIci/os, 691 Si da, 490 Sida, 470. 488-504 Side-s.-iddle-flovver, 128 Sierra Leone Sugar-plum, 035 Silenc, 398, 449 SUnn; 397- 398 SiLENE.E, 381 SiUqnaria, 273 Silk-cotton-tree, 511 Simaba, 810 Simabn, 811 Simaruba, 809 S1MARUBE7E, 808 Sinapis, 248 Siiin/iis, 200. 210. 242. 247. 252, 253, 200. 263. 264 Singana, 203 SlSVMBRE.H, 201 Sisymbrium, 204 Sls,/mbriu,„, 155-159- 160. i63, 164. 170. 197. 204. 209. 213. 240. 247. 249. 252, 253. 266 Slave-wood, 810 Sloanea, 555 Snake-root, 359 Soap-berry, 605, 660 Soap-wort, 390 399 Sobolewskia, 225 Sodaba, 27« Solandra, 505 Solea, 335 Solea, 338 Sophia, 207 Soramia, 71 Sorhi, 198 Soulamea, 364 Southicdlia. 515 Sour-sop, 87 Sour-gourd. 509, 510 Suuruubca. 025 Sparmannia, 541 Spatidaria, 342 Spergula, 424 Spcrgiih, 347. 425. 436. 448 Spergulaslrum, 448 Spergularia, 425 Spermaxyrum, 580 Spliaeralcea, 405 Sphaerostemma, 101 Spiranthera, 790 Spirolqbe.e, 203 Spirospermum, 104 Sprengelia, 536 Spurry, 424, 425 St. John's-wort, 601-612 St. Peter's-wort, 006 Stadmannia, 069 Stalagmitis, 620 Stanleya, 214 Stauntonia, 104 Staves-acre, 54 Sh'gia, 468 Stellaria, 427 Stellaria, 424. 433, 434. 430. 438, 439. 445 Stenopetalum, 214 Stephania, 385 Stephania, 113 Sterculia, 515 STERCULIACE.E, 514 Sterigma, 220 Sterigmnstemot,, 220 Stevenia, 100 Slcwarlia, 490 Sleiidelia, 031 Stigmarota, 292 Stitchwort, 427-431 Slipiihiria, 425 Stock, 151, 152. 153. 269 Stork's-bill, 725-743 Streptanthus, 209 Strigilia, 079 Sticemia, 277 Stuartia, 573 Siiiartia, 572 Stylophorum, 135 Subularia, 268 Subuhiria, 165. 255 SlIBLLARIE.i;, 268 Succowia, 254 Sugar-maple, 050 Summer-grape, 711 Sun-dew,343-346 Sun-fruit, 542 Sun-rose, 302-315 Suwarrow-nut, 054 Swamp-laurel, 82 Swamp-sassafras, 82 Swedish-turnip, 241, 242 Sweet-lemon, 589 Sweet-lime, 589 Sweet- sop, 89 Sweet-William, 385 Swietenia, 687 Swieteuiu, 688 Sycamore, 048 Sijmphonia. 018 Syrenia, 210 Syrian-rue, 778 Talaunia, 85 Talisia, 069 Taonabo, 505 Tasmannia, 80 Tauscheria, 223 Tea, 578, 579 Teesdalia, 193 Telfair:,,, 524 Temus, 79 Ternstroemia, 564 Tn-iistra-mia, 560, 507 TERNSTR(E.M1ACE/E,5e2 Ternstr(Emie.e, 504 Terpnaiitlius, 790 Tetracera, 08 Telracera, 71 Tetractis, 15 Tetradium, 808 Tetramelis, 290 Tetratheca, 371 Tctratliecu, 794 Tetrapteris, 643 THALAMIFEOR.E, 1, 2 Thalictrum, 11 Tliea, 578 Theobroma, 521 Thespcsia, 486 Thespesia, 556 Thiaspi, 190 Thlaspide.«, 190 Tl,l„spi, 192-194. 216. 218, 221-223. 225 Thomasia, 527 Tliouinia, O7I Tliouini,,, 004 Thryallis, 040 Thylachium, 286 Tliysanocarpus, 195 Tliysanns, 807 Ticorea, 799 Tigarea, 70 Tilia, 552 TILIACE.E, 540 Tiliacora, 109 TiUcea, 420 Tina, 609 Toddalia, 805 To,ldalia. 800 Toittibca, ,i04 Tongue-violct, 320 Tonsella, 627, 628, 629 Toiitelca, 628 Tons/tia, 567 Toon, 687 Tooth-ache-trec, 801-805 Tooth-wort, 172 Toulicia, 663 Touch-me-not, 750, 751 Tovaria, 285 Tovomita, 017 Tower-mustard, 100, UH Toxicodendron, 603 Tracliytella, 72 Traveller's-joy, 3 Treacle-mustard,181. 210-21 3 Tree-eelandine, 136 Tree-mallow, 469 Tremandra, 372 TREWANDRE^, 371 Tremt,nll„,s, 676 Trentepohlia, 265, 200 Tribulus, 769 Triceraja, 030 Triceras, 630 Trichanthera, 77*^ Trichilia, 681 Trichilia, 081.683-686 TRICIIILIE.iE, 681 Trichoa, 113 2'ricliocarpus, 556 Trichospermum, 295 Tricuspidaria, 561 Tricuspis, 561 Trigonia, 629 Trigonis, 607 Triguera, 505 Trilophus, 112 Triopteris, 642 Triopteris, 6il. 643 Triphaca, 518 Triphasia, 583 Tristcllateia, 039 Triumfetta, 544 Trochetia, 537 TroUius, 44 TROP/EOLE/E, 740 Tropsolum, 746 Tncnexia, 199 Tnlipifera, 86 Tulip-tree, 86 Tunica, 384 Turnip, 242-244 Turnip-rooted cabbage, 241 Turni])-steiiiraed cabbage. 233 Turrsa, 078 Turra,,, 683 Turritis, 160 Tnrritis, 158. 101, 102-10(>. 213. 251. 253 Tutsan, 001 Tytonia, 749 U. f Ver, 300 Unona, 93 Unona, 97 Umbrella-tree, 83. 485 Urena, 470 Urena, 470. 472. 474 Urvillea, 057 Uvaria, 93 Umria, 94, 95, 96. 9« V. Valentinia, 675 Falentifiia, 075 XXVIU INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME. Vallea, o61 Vargasia, 643 Vanalphhnia, 5(>8 VASCULARES, 1 Vateria. 814 Vatica, 557 Velngo, 537 Velezia, 417 Vella, 254 Vella, 254 Vellex, 254 Ventenatia, 570 Venus's Fly-trap, 347 Vepris, 806 Vepris, 805 Verticillaria, 615 Vesicaria, 176 Vesicarh, 176, 177- 180, 181 Viola, 320 Viola, 318, 313. 335-339. 361 VIOLARIE.E, 317 Viole;e, 318 Violet, 320-334 Vincentia, 551 Vine, 695-712 VINIFER.'E, 689 Virginian-creeper, 694 Virgin's-bovver, 3, 4-10 Viscaria, 414 Visenia, 538 Visenia, 62i). 631 Vismia, 599 VisMiEX, 599 Vitis, 695 nttmamna, 647.811 Viviaiiia, 418 rolkameriu, 280 fouc-Rana, 668 \V. Wuhlbomia, 69 Walkera, 817 Wall -cress, 161-166. 269 Wall-flower, 154-155 Wall-mustard. 252, 253 Wall-rocket, 252 Wall-wort, 420-421 Wallichia, 539 W.\lliciiie;e, -539 Waltheria, 530 Wampee-tree, 585 Wart-cress, 216, 217 Water-cress, 156 Water-lily, 125 Water- radish, 156, 157 Water-rocket, 154 Wax-tree, 600 Weld, 288 Welsh-poppy, 135 Wendlandia, 107 White-wood, 86 Wliite-mustard, 250 Whitlow-grass, 182-186 lI'iKstrcemia, 569 Wild-navette, or navew, 241 Wild-cabbage, 227, 228 Wind-flower, 17-21 Winter-aconite, 45 Winter's-bark, 80 Winter-cress, 159 Winter-grape, 71 1 Winter-greens, 228 Winter-navette, 244 Ifhilera, 79, 80 JVhderana, 79, 80. 679 Wisenia, 529 Wittehbachia, 569 Woad, 223, 224, 225 Wolf's-bane, 6.3 Woodginoos, 800 Wood-sorrel, 754-768 Wood-sour-trefoil, 705 Woold, 288 Wool-tree, 512. 513 Wormia, 76 n-ormla, 77 Wormsldoldia, 273 W'oud, 288 X. Xanihe, 617 Xanthodiymiis, 620, 621 Xeropetalum, 558 Ximenia, 581 Ximema, 774 Xi/locar/jiis, 685, 086 Xylopia, 96 Yarr, 425 Yellow Bachelors'-buttons, 3G Yellow-poplar, 80 Yellow-rocket, 159 Yellow-root, 22. 65 Yellow Water-lily, 127 Yellow-weed, 288 Yellow-wood, 86 Yulan, 83 Z. Zanthorhiza, 65 Z.\NTHOXyLE.«, 800 Zanthoxylum, 801 Zanthoxylum, 793 Zieria, 794 Zilla, 255 ZlLLE.E, 255 Zwingera, 811 ZYGOPHYLLE/E, 768 Zygophylluni, 771 Zygophylluni, 771. 773 Zymum, 639 CORRECTIONS. Page 15. /o;- Pulsatllai read Pulsatilla. 47. under Isopyrum fumarioides read flowers yellow instead of wliite. bT.for Monk's-wood read Monk's-hood. 68 /or Polydelphous read Polyadelphous. 78. for shobile-like read strobile-like. S6. for Calyciflora read C'alyciflorae. 118. first column, in the specific characters of Mahonia aquifAliiim, no. 2. and Mahdnia nerv6sa, no. 4. for distant from the petiole read distant from the base of the petiole. 122. 128, and 120 for Nyniphiaceae read Nympha;acea.'. 122. and 124 /or Nymphaeea read Nympliaeete. 418, lines 3 and 6, /or grandiflora rem/ grandifolia. , col. 2, lines 9 and 12, /or parviflora rcarf parvifolia. 429. col. 2, line 17 from bottom, /or Q read U. Page 526. /or urceolas read urceoUis. 354. vnder Polygala arillata read flowers yellow instead of red, and shrub 10 feet high instead of 1 foot. The folloning words to he altered wherever tlicy are found. For monodelplious n-'/r/monadelphous. unquiculatc read unguicidate. Andr. Juss. read Adr. Juss. Rsem. et Schultz. read Rcem. et Schult. brevisty'lus a, um read brevistylus a, um. longisty'lus a, um read longistylus a, um. — radicans read radicans. THE GARDENER'S AND BOTANIST'S DICTIONARY. DICOTYLEDONE^. GRAND DIVISIONS. Grand division I. VASCULA'RES, (from tms, a ves- sel ; plants furnished with spiral vessels) or COTY- LEDO"NE/E, (ko71)X»)8wi', cotyledon, a seed leaf; plants fm-nished with seed leaves.) — Plants with cellular tissue (f. 1. 1. b.), woody fibre and spiral vessels (a a), and fur- nished with true leaves (f 1. 3. 8. 7.). The flowers usually distinct and symmetrical (f. 2.), Embryo furnished with cotyledons (f. 1. 4. 5. 10. a), and inclosed within a seed-cover. This division contains all the classes of Lin- naeus, Cryptogamia excepted. Grand division II. CELLULA-RES, {ceUuIa, a lit- tle cell ; plants with cellular tissue only,) or ACOTY- LEDO'NE.-E, {a. privative, (coruAjjSwi', cotyledon; plants without cotyledons.) — Plants with cellular tissue only (f. 1. II, 12.). Embryo destitute of cotyledons. Parts of fructification hidden (f. 1. 14. 13. a.). This grand di- vision only contains the class Cryptogamia of Linnaeus. GRAND DIVISION I. VASCULA'RES or cotyledone.^. CLASSES. Class L DICOTYLEDO^NE^, (Iiq, dls, two; KorvXi^tutv, cotyledon ; plants furnished with two cotyledons) or EXO- GE'NjE (fsw, exo, without; y^yvaw, gennao, to bring forth ; stem increasing by external layers). D. C. syst. 1. p. 123. prod. 1. p. 1. Stem increasing by external layers ; with an evident distinc- tion between bark and wood (f. 1. 2. a, b.). Leaves traversed by branch veins (f. 1. 3.). Parts of flower generally disposed in a quinary number (f. 2. 2.). Embryo with 2 opposite coty- ledons (f. 1 . 4. a.), or when more they are disposed in a whorl (f. 1. 5. c). Plumule in the centre of their point of junction VOL. I. (f. 1. 4. b. and 5. b.): the inferior end of the embryo itself elongated into a radicle, and not containing any secondary ra- dicles in its substance (f. 1. 4. c. and 5. c). Class IL MONOCOTYLEDO^NE^, (^coe, monos, one; KorvXijSidi', cotyledon, plants furnished with 1 cotyledon) or ENDOGE'NEjE (lycov, endon, within ; yiuyaio, gennao, to bring forth ; stem increasing by internal layers.) Stem increasing by internal layers with no evident distinction between bark and wood, but are mixed together (f. 1. 6.). Leaves traversed by simple veins (f. 1. 7. 8.) usually with no articulation between the leaves and the stem, while in Dico- tyledoneae the leaves are always joined with tlie stem, from wliich they fall off, leaving a scar behind. Embryo fur- nished with 1 cotyledon (f. 1. 10. «.), or if 2, they are alter- nate (f. 1.9. a.) ; the inferior end elongated into a radicle or radicles (f. 1. 10. i. & 9. b.). Plumule usually inclosed in the body of the embryo. FIG. CLASS L DICOTYLEDO-NE^ or EXOG&N^. Si/noj)sis of the Subclasses, deduced from the organs of fructi- fication. 1. Perigone double, (f. 2. 3. and 4. b.) Subclass I. Thalamiflo'b^. (f. 2. 1.) Petals man)', distinct ; and are, as well as the stamens, inserted in the receptacle (a). B /■, D. H. HILL LIBRARY North Carolina State College 2 RANUNCULACE/E. Subclass II. Calyciflo'r.e (f. 2. 2.). Petals many, distinct (a), or united together at the base, and are as well as the stamens, inserted in the calyx (b.). Subclass III. CoKOLLiFLo'KiE. (f. 2. 3 and 4.). Petals united together in one (a.), inserted in the receptacle (6.), and bearing the stamens (c). 2. Perigone Simple (f. 2. 5. a.). Subclass IV. Monochlamy'de.e (f. 2. 5.). Corolla wanting, or imited with the calyx («.) and bearing the stamens (i.). FIG. 2. 3 Subclass I. THALAMIFLO^RiE (from thalamus, a bride chamber, and Jlos, a flower, in allusion to the parts of the flower being inserted in the receptacle.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 1. Calyx of many sepals. Petals many, distinct, and are as well as the stamens inserted into the receptacle (f. 2. l.a.). The insertion of the petals and stamens into the receptacle is the great character of this subclass, which therefore contains all the Polyandrous plants of Linneeus. Sect. I. Ovaries numerous, aggregate (f. 3. b. f. 7. b. & f. 6. c), each bearing a style rarely solitary from abortion or coali- tion (f. 13. b.). Stamens indefinite, or if definite then opposite the petals. Order I. RANUNCULA-CE.E. (plants agreeing with Ra- nunculus in many important characters.) Juss. 231. D. C. syst. 1. p. 127. prod. 1. p. 2. Calyx of many definite sepals (f -l. a. f. 6. b. f. 14. a.), or many parted with an equal number of petals (f. 14. c), or twice or thrice that number, sometimes wanting (f. 7. a. f. 4. a. f. 3. «.). Stamens indefinite, free (f. 2. 1. a. f. 4. i.). Anthers adnate, usually turned outwards (f. 4. b.). Pistils inserted in the torus (f. 10. d.). Carpels many (f. 3. b. f. 6. c), 1-cellcd (f. 6. d. f. 9. g.), pseudospermous (f. 6. c. f. 3. b.), baccate (f. 7. 6. f. 13. b.), capsular (f 11. c. f. 12. c), or follicular (f 14. e./.), 1 (f. 6. e. f. 9. g.), or many- seeded (f. 13. c. f. 14./.). Seeds attached by their inner side, solitary, erect (f. 9. g.f.) or pendulous (f. G e.), or if many, usually disposed in one row along the margin of the carpel (f. 1 4. /.). Embryo minute, placed in the base of a corneous albumen (f. 9. /.). Herbs, undershrubs, or sarmentose shrubs. Roots fascicled, grumose or fibrous. Leaves, simple or variously cut, with stalks more or less dilated at their base, alternate ; but opposite in Clematideffi. The greater part of the plants of this order are objects of in- terest with gardeners, containing as it does many of the most elegant and shewy of the tribes of plants. It is remarkable, how- ever, that the acrid and venomous properties of these plants are nearly as powerful as their beauty is great. M. De Candolle re- marks, that its nature is extremely singular ; it is so volatile, that in most cases, simple drying in the air, or infusion in water, is sufficient to destroy it ; it is neither acid nor alkaline ; but its activity is increased by acids, honey, sugar, wine, or alcohol, and it is in reality destructible only in water. The recent herb applied e.\ternally to the skin causes blisters. The roots are usually drastic or emetic. The seeds are generally acrid and aro- matic, and retain their power of vegetation a considerable time, therefore they are easily imported in a vegetative state from any part of the world. Syno^Jsis of the Genera. True RANUNCULA^CEiE. Anthers bursting outwards {j,l. ]. f. 5.). Tribe I. Clematides. Calyx in the bud calvate (f. 2. 1. c), or in- duplicate (f. 4. c. d.). Petals wanting (f. 2. \. b. f. 4. a.), or flat. Carpels indehiscent (f. 3. b.), 1-secdcd (f. 3. d.), ending in a tail, which is generally feathery (f. 3. e. c). Seed pendu- lous (f. 3. (Z.). , Leaves opposite (f. 3. 4 and 5.). Climbing shrubs, rarely herbs. 1 Cle'matis. Petals wanting (f. 3. and 4. a.). Carpels ses- sile (f. 3. b.). 2 Atrage'ne. Petals numerous, shorter than the calyx. Carpels sessile. 3 Nakave'lia. Petals 6 to 12, longer than the calyx (f. 5. a.). Carpels seated on a thick hollow stipe (f. 5. b.). Tribe II. Anemone^e. Calyx and Corolla imbricate in the hud (f. 14. a.). Petals wanting (f. 6. b. f. 7. a.), or flat. Carpels 1-seeded (f. 6. d.), indehiscent (f. 6. c), usually ending in a tail (f, G.f.) or point (f. 6. c). Seed pendulous (f. G. e.). Leaves radical (f. 6.), or alternate (f. 7.). Herbs, rarely shrubs. 4 Thalictrum. Involucre wanting. Calyx of 4 or 5 petal- like sepals. Petals wanting. Carpels dry, never ending in a tail, stipitate, or sessile, sometimes furrowed longitudinally. 5 Tetra'ctis. Involucre wanting. Calyx of 4 petal-like se- pals. Petals wanting. Stamens 4. Carpels 4, acute. 6 Anemone. Involucre of 3 cut leaflets, distant from the flower (f. 6. a.). Calyx of 5 to 15 petal-like sepals (f. 6. 6.). Petals wanting. 7 Hepa'tica. Involucre of 3 entire leaflets, just under the flower. Calyx of from C to 9 petal-like sepals. Petals wanting. 8 Hydra'stis. Involucre wanting. Calyx of 3 sepals (f. 7. a.). Petals wanting. Carpels baccate (f, 7. b ). 9 Knowltonia Involucre none. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5 to 15. Carpels baccate. RANUNCULACE^. I. Clematis. 3 10 Adonis. Involucre wanting. Calyx of 5 pressed sepals. Petals 5 to 15. Carpels dry, ovate, pointed with the style. 1 1 Hamadry'as. Involucre wanting. Calyx of 5 or 6 se- pals (f. 8. a.). Petals 10 or 12 (f. 8. b.). Carpels ovate. Flowers dioecious. Tribe III. Ranu'ncule.e. Calyx and Corolla imbricate in (he bud (f. Ik a.). Petals bilabiate, or increased with a scale on the inside at the base (f. 9. c). Carpels 1-seeded (f. 9. g.), dry, indc- hiscent (f. 9. e. rf.). Seed erect (f. 9./.). Leaves radical or alternate (f. 9.). Herbs. 12 Myosu^bus. Sepals 5, unconnected at the base, and drawn out downwards beyond their insertion. Petals 5. Carpels dis- posed on a long slender receptacle. 13 Ceratoce'phalus. Sepals 5, connected at the base. Pe- tals 5. Pericarps gibbous on both sides at the base, and drawn out at the apex in a liorn, which is G times longer than the seed, disposed in a long spike. 14 Ranunculus. Sepals 5, connected at the base (f. 9. a.). Petals usually 5 (f. 9. i.). Pericarps not gibbous at the base, pointed, disposed in globose or cylindrical heads (f. 9. e. d.). 15 Casa'lia. Calyx of 3 petal-like sepals connected at the base. Petals 3. Pericarps not gibbous at the base, pointed, disposed in hemispherical or cylindrical heads. 16 Aphanoste'mma. Calyx of 5 petal-like sepals, connected at the base. Petals 5, small, gland-like. Pericarps not gibbous at the base, compressed, orbicular, pointed, somewhat marginate. 17 Fica'ria. Sepals 3, connected at the base. Petals 9. Pe- ricarps blunt. Tribe IV. Helle'bobe*. Calyx and Corolla imbricate in (he bud (f. 14. a.). Petals sometimes wanting (f. 12. a.), sometimes ir- regular, bilabiate, nectariferous (f. 11. e. f. 12. b.). Calyx petcd-like (f. 11. b. f. 12. a.). Carpels capsular, dehiscent, many-seeded (f. 11. c. f. 12. c). Leaves radical or alternate (f 10. 12.). Herbs. 18 Ca'ltha. Calyx deciduous, or permanent, of 5 regular petal-like sepals (f. 10. a.). Petals wanting. Capsules sessile. 19 TroLLius. Calyx deciduous, of from 5 to 20 regular petal-like sepals. Petals from 5 to 20, unilabiate. Capsules sessile. 20 Era'nthis. Involucre many-parted, just imder the flower (f 11. a. d,). Calyx deciduous, of from 5 to 8 regular petal-like sepals (f. 11. 6.). Petals 6 to 8. Capsules on pedicels (f 11. c). 21 Helle'borus. Calyx permanent, rather coriaceous, of 5 sepals. Petals 8 to 10. Capsules coriaceous, sessile. 22 CoPTis. Calyx deciduous, of 5 or 6 regular petal-like sepals. Petals 5 or 6. Capsules membranaceous, on pedicels. 23 Isopy'rum. Calyx deciduous, of 5 regular petal-like sepals, (f. 12. o.). Petals 5 (f. 12. 6.). Capsules sessile, membrana- ceous (f. 12. c). 24 Ene'mion. Calyx of 5 deciduous petal-like sepals. Fila- ments clavated. Capsules ovate, compressed, 2-seeded, pointed with the style, sessile, membranaceous. 2.> Garide'lla. Calyx deciduous, of 5 regular petal-like se- pals. Petals 5. Carpels 3, connected. Styles very short. 26 Nige'lla. Calyxof 5 deciduous petal-like sepals. Petals 5 to 10. Carpels 5, connected. Styles very long. 27 Aquile'gia. Calyx of 5 regular petal-like sepals. Petals 5, each drawn out downw^ards into a hollow spur. 28 Delphi'nium. Calyx of 5 deciduous petal-like irregular sepals, with the upper one drawn out downwards into a hollow spur. Petals 4, the 2 upper ones drawn out downwards into the spur. 29 AcoNiTUM. Calyx deciduous, of 5 irregular petal-liko sepals, with the upper sepal helmet-shaped. Petals 2-stalked, tubular, within the hollow of the upper sepal. Tribe V. P/EONIa'cEjE, or spurious Ranuncula'ce,e. Anthers bursting inwards. Leaves radical or alternate. Herbs, rarely shrubs. 30 Cimici'fuga. Calyx of 4 deciduous sepals. Petals 4. Styles 1 to 12. Carpels dry, dehiscent, many-seeded. 31 Act.ea. Calyx of 4 deciduous sepals. Petals 4. Style 1 . Carpel baccate, indehiscent (f. 13. 6.), many-seeded (f. 13. c). 32 Zantiiorhiza. Calyx of 5 deciduous sepals. Petals 5. Carpels 2 or 3-seeded, but from abortion usually 1-seeded. 33 PiEONiA. Calyx of 5 permanent sepals (f. 14. b.). Pe- tals 5, flat (f. 14. c). Carpels follicular, many-seeded (f. 14. /. ..). Tribe I. CLEMATI'DE^ (plants resembling Clematis,) D. C. syst. 1. p. 131. prod. 1. p. 2. Calyx when in bud valvate (f. 2. 1. c.) or induplicate (f. 4. d. c). Petals none (f. 3. and 4.). or flat (f. 5.). Anthers linear, turned outwards (f. 4. b.). Carpels aggregate (f. 3. b.), 1-seeded, indehiscent, terminated by a tail, (f. 3. c). Seed pendulous (f. S.d.). Leaves opposite (f. 3. and 4.). Roots fibrous. I. CLE'MATIS (from K\T]^ut, clema, a vine branch, because most of the species climb like the vine) Lin. gen. no. 695. Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 353. t. 14. D. C. syst. 1. p. 131. prod. 1. p. 2. Lin. Syst. Polydndria, Polygy'nia. Involucre none, or situated under the flower, in the form of a calyx. Calyx of from 4 to S coloured sepals. Petals none (f. 3. and 4.). Cai'pels numerous, aggregate (f. 3. b.), terminated by a long, mostly feathery, tail, (f. 3. c). Climbing shrubs, with variously cut opposite leaves, (f. 3. and 4.) The recent herb of all the species is more or less acrid, and when applied to the skin occasions blisters. The English name of this genus. Virgin's- Bower, is given to it on account of several of the species being used for covering bowers. It is also called Traveller's-joy, because several of the species grow in hedges by way-sides, as well as from the beauty and the scent of their flowers, or more probably from their aflibrding a grateful shade. Sect. I. Fla'mmula (from fiammeo, to inflame ; blistering qualities of plants). D. C. syst. 1. p. 131. prod. 1. p. 2. Invo- lucre wanting. Tail of carpel long, bearded, feathery (f. 3. c). Cotyledons distant in the seed. \ 1. Flowers panicled. Leaves pinnate (f. 4.), or bipin- nate. Those species that are said to have pinnate leaves have the leaflets of the lower leaves often ternate. B 2 RANUNCULACEiE. I. Clematis. 1 C. ere'cta (All. pedem. No. 1078.) stem erect ; leaves pinnate, with stalked ovate, acuminated quite, entire leaflets; corymbs dense; sepals oval. If.. H. Native of the south of Europe, particularly in France, Spain, Austria, Tartary, Sec. on hills and in woods. Schkur. handb. 2. t. 151. C. recta, Lin. spec. 767. Jacq. aust. t. 291. Woodv. nied. bot. 1. p. 173. t. 62. C. flammula. All. pedem. no. 1080, exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers white, sweet-scented. This plant was recommended by Baron Stocrk, in 1769, as an use- ful medicine in many obstinate complaints. He found it suc- cessful in inveterate syphilitic diseases. It was usual for him to employ the leaves and flowers, as well as an extract prepared from the former ; yet the preparation which he chiefly recom- mends is an infusion of two or three drams of the leaves in a pint of boiling water, of which he gave four ounces three times a day, while the powdered leaves were applied as an escharotic to the ulcers. far. ft, C. surrecta incecocior, &c. Tourn. inst. 394. stems reddish ; leaflets cordate or ovate-lanceolate. Jar. y, C. Hisjidnica surrecta, &c. Tourn. inst. 594. leaflets oblong-lanceolate; bracteas large, elongated, oblong. C. His- panica INIill. diet. no. 3. C. corymbosa, Poir. diet. 2. p. 297. Var. c, bracteosa (Banks, herb.) bracteas oblong, large, elon- gated. Erect Virgin's Bower. Fl. Ju. to Aug. Clt. 1597. PI. 2 to 3 ft. 2 C. MARiTiMA (Lin. spec. 767.) stem erect, herbaceous ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, t:ipering to botii ends, entire, and 3-lobed ; upper leaves linear; corymbs loose; sepals spa- tulate. Tl . H. Native of Europe. Leaflets 5, stalked, 3-nerved. Corymbs terminal and axillary. Flowers white, larger than those of C. erect a ; sepals 3-5. Seaside Virgin's Bower. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. ? PI. 3 to 4 ft. 3 C. Fla'mmula (Lin spec. 766.) leaves pinnate, smooth with orbicular, oval, oblong or linear, entire or 3-lobed, acutish leaflets. I^ . ,^. H. Native of the South of Europe and North of Africa, common in hedges and bushy places. Flowers white, sweet- scented. Var. a, rotundifoVia (D. C. syst. 1. p. 134.) leaflets almost orbicular. Native of Naples. C. fragrans, Tenore, fl. neap. vol. 1 . t. 48. prod. 32. Var. ft, vulgaris (D. C. 1. c.) leaflets, oval or oblong-lanceo- late. C. flammula, Lin. spec. 766. C. maritima, All. pedem. no. 1081. Var. y, maritima (D. C. 1. c.) leaflets linear. Native near Montpeher, by the sea-side. Jar. (}, rubella (D. C. syst. 1. p. 135.) leaflets oval, usually emarginate ; sepals 4, reddish on the outside. Var. e, caspitosa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 3.) leaflets minute, en- tire, or cut. C. caespitosa, Scop. fl. cam. ed. 2. vol. i. p. 389. C. flammula, B. Bertol. amoen. 236. These plants are less acrid than any others of the genus. Flame, or sweet-scented Virgin's Bower, Fl. Jul. to Oct. Clt. 1596. Shrub cl. 4 C. Massonia'na (D. C. syst. 1. p. 135.) leaves pinnate; leaflets smooth, rather glaucous, ovate, deeply-toothed, 3-lobed or ternate. T^ . ^. G. Nativeof South Africa. Leaflets usually 7. Pericarps elliptical, pubescent. Massoii's Virgin's Bower. Fl. ? Clt. ? Shrub cl. 5 C. orienta'lis (Lin. spec. 763.) leaves pinnate; leaflets smooth, wedge-shaped, with 3 toothed pointed lobes. Ij . ^- H. Native of the Levant and Caucasus, in bushy places. Pict. hort. par. p. 37. f. 3. C. flava. Majnch. meth. 296.— Dill. elth. 144, t. 119, f 145, good. There is a variety with trifid peduncles. Flowers greenish-yellow, with a tinge of russet on the upper part and outside ; sweet-scented. .EaA«f)7! Virgin's Bovver. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1731. Sh. cl. 6 C. glau'ca (Willd. arb. 65. t. 4. f. 1.) leaves pinnate; leaflets smooth, glaucous, wedge-shaped, with entire bluntish lobes ; peduncles trifid. ^ . ^. H. Native of the southern parts of Siberia in arid places. Wats. dend. brit. t. 78. Leaf- lets usually 3-lobed. Panicle somewhat corymbose. Flowers yellowish, scentless. G/a«co«x Virgin's Bower. Fl. Ap. to Jul. Clt. 1800? Sh. cl. 7 C. panicula'ta (Thunb. in Lin. trans. 2. p. 337.) leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate-cordate, acute, entire ; peduncles panicled, many-flowered. ^. ^. H. Native of Japan, near Nagasaki. C. vitalba japonica, Houtt. pflanz. 7. p. 309. f. 2. C. crlspa, Thunb. fl. jap. 239, but not of Lin. Leaves pinnately decom- pound. Panicles axillary. Flowers white, sweet-scented, resem- bling those of C.Jldmmula, Pa7i/c/erf-flowered Virgin's Bovver. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1796. Shrub cl. 8 C. longi'loba (D. C. syst. 1. p. 136.) leaves pinnate; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, quite entire, smooth. Tj . ^. H. Native of China. An intermediate species between C. paiiicu- Idta, and C. minor. Leaflets 5 or 7, distant, on long stalks. Flowers probably white, and sweet-scented. Long-lobed-leaved Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 9 C. mi'nor (Lour. H. cochin. 1. p. 422.) leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, quite entire ; peduncles many flow- ered, length of leaves ; ovaries 4. ^ • ^- H. Native of China, in the suburbs of Canton. A little like C. Jldmmula. Stem sufTruticose. Leaflets 5, blunt, on long stalks. Flowers the smallest of all the genus, white and sweet-scented. Smaller-RowereA Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 10 C. Chine'nsis (Retz. obs. 2. p. 18. No. 53. t. 2.) leaves pinnate, leaflets ovate-lanceolate, quite entire; peduncles few- flowered, longer than the leaves ; ovaries usually 4, with almost naked tails. Ij . ,^. H. Native of China, in the islands called Danes. C. Sinensis, Lour. coch. 1. p. 422. Leaflets 5. Flowers small, dark-purple, and probably sweet-scented. CA^nese Virgin's Bower. Fl. ? Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. lie. TERNiFLORA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 137.) leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate, blunt, quite entire ; peduncles trifid, 3-flowered ; ovaries usually 5, with bearded tails. fj . ,^. F. Native of China, in the province of Chekiang. Leaflets 5 or 7. Flowers probably white and sweet-scented. Middle pedicle naked, late- ral ones bearing awl-shaped bracteas beneath their middle. Thrce-Jlowered Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 12 C. brevicauda'ta (D. C. syst. 1. p. 138.) leaves pin- nate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, grossly serrated ; pe- duncles spreading, crowdedly panicled, shorter than the leaves. Tj . ^. F. Native of China, between Pekin and Jehol. Flowers probably white. Short-tailed-cax^eWeA Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 13 C. iieracle.efolia (D. C. syst. 1. p. 138.) leaves pin- nate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, broadly and deeply-toothed, ter- minal one 3-lobcd ; peduncles erect, and are, as well as the branches, velvety-cinereous. Tj . ,^. F. Native of China, be- tween Pekin and Jehol. Leaflets coriaceous. Flowers white. Heracleum-leaved Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 14 C. Gouria'na (Roxb. ined in herb. Lamb. D. C. syst. 1. p. 138.) leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, usually 5-nerved, acuminated, entire or toothed, cordate at the base ; peduncles pubescent, generally longer than the leaves. ^ . y^.S. Native of the East Lidies. Leaflets 3 or 5, on long stalks. Se- pals velvety. Gour's Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 15 C. Vita'lba (Lin. spec. 7G6.) leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, cordate at the base, partly cut ; peduncles forked, shorter than the leaves. h' . v^. H. Native of the middle and south of Europe, in the islands of the Archipe- RANUNCULACE^. I. Clematis. Iflgo, and nortli of Africa ; very common in hedges and bushy places, in the phiins, and on the lower mountains ; in Britain espe- cially on a calcareous soil. Eng. hot. t. 612. Curt. lond. fasc. 4. t. 37. Jacq. aust. t. 308. Schkur. liandb. 2. p. 1472. t. 151. Schrank hort. monac. 2. t. 108. C. sepium, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 306. Leaflets 5. Flowers white, with a sweet almond scent. rar.ft/mU'grata (D. C. syst. 1. p. 139.) leaflets with very few teeth or quite entire. Vitis nigra. Fusch. hist. 97, with a wood-cut. White-line, or Traveller's Joy. Fl. July to Sept. Brit. Sh. cl. 16 C. GREWi.EFLORA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 140.) leaves pinnate, clothed with yellow down ; leaflets cordate, acute, sharply ser- rated ; peduncles 3 or 5-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Tj. ^. H. Native of Nipaul, about Narain-Hetty. Leaflets 3 or 5. Flowers white, downy, purplish at the base on the out- side. Grewia-Jlorvcred Virgin's Bower. Fl. Nov. Shrub cl. 17 C. Buchania'na (D. C. syst. 1. p. 140.) leaves pinnate, white-velvety underneath, and smooth above ; leaflets cordate, acute, toothed ; peduncles many-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Ij.^. H. Native of Nipaul at Narain-Hetty. C. Buchanani, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 191. C. Bucamara, Ham. MSS. Leaflets 3 or 5. Flowers white, downy. Buchanan s Virgin's Bower. Fl. Oct. Shrub cl. 18 C. LOAS.EFOLiA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 140.) leaves ternate or quinate, sometimes simple, very villous ; leaflets cordate, acumi- nate, lobed, grossly-serrated ; peduncles trifid, few-flowered, much shorter than the leaves. l^-w-H. Native of Nipaul. C. Bu- camara var. Ham. MSS. Flowers woolly, campanulate, with a revolute border. Loasa-leaved Virgin's Bower. Fl. Oct. Shrub cl. 19 C. coNNA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 4.) leaves smooth, pin- nate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, grossly serrated ; pe- tioles dilated at the base, connate, f; . ^. F. Native of Nipaul. Flowers probably white. C'o/!««/c-petioled Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 20 C. Peruvia'na (D. C. syst. 1. p. 141.) leaves bipinnate, villous ; leaflets ovate, trifid, cut at the apex ; flowers somewhat panicled, polygamous ; peduncles longer than the leaves, furnished with bracteas. T^ . ^. S. Native of Peru. Stems purplish, and are as well as petioles pubescent. Flowers small, greenish-yellow? Peruvian Virgin's Bciwer. Shrub cl. 21 C. Montevide'nsis (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 667.) leaves ter- nate-pinnate, smooth ; leaflets divaricating, ovate-lanceolate, acu- minated, trifid ; peduncles few-flowered, spreading, equal in length w ith the leaves ; sepals spreading, lanceolate, villous. T^ . ^. S. Native of IMonte-Video. Flowers white. Montc-Vidcan Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 23 C. corda'ta (Pursh, fl. am. sept. 2. p. 384.) leaves pinnate, leaflets cordate, acuminated, lobed, or deeply-toothed ; pedun- cles elongated, many-flowered ; flowers dioecious in racemose panicles. T^ . ^. H. Native of Virginia, on high mountains. Leaflets 3 or 5. Flowers small, white. In general appearance it approaches near to C. vitdlba. Co)rf«j. ,^. H. Native of the Lev-int. Tournefort's Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 97 C? P0LYPE'TALA(Poir. suppl. 2. p. 296.) i;.H. Native of Japan. Atragene polypetala, iThunb. fl. jap. 239. Stem erect, two feet high. Leaves tritemate ; leaflets ovate, acute, deeply toothed, villous. Pedicels filiform, 1-flowered, elongated. Pe- tals beyond 20, bluntish, purple on the outside, clothed with white down within. This plant would appear to be an Anemone, from the description of the flower. Many-petalled Virgin's Bower. PI. 2 feet. 98 C. canalicula'ta (Lag. cat. hort. madr. 17). ^. v^. H. Native of Spain, in the provinces of Murcia and Granada, in rocky and stony places. A climbing subshrub, witli linear de- compound leaves and axillary three-flowered pedimcles. (Lag.) ChannelledAeayeii Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl. 99 C. Zanzibare'nsis (Loud. hort. brit. p. 228) ; leaves pin- nate, with twisted petioles ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, membra- naceous, entire or 3-lobed. Tj . ^. S. Native of Zanquebar. Leaflets 5, with their margins and nerves, as well as petioles, rather hairy. Zanquebar Virgin's Bower. Fl. ? Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. Cult. The species of this genus are mostly climbing shrubs of rapid growth, free flowerers, very ornamental, and some are highly odoriferous. The hardy kinds are well adapted for bowers or trellis-work, or for training up agairjst a wall ; and they will thrive well in any common garden soil. They are readily increased by laying down the young shoots in July or October, or by seeds, which in inany species ripen in abundance. The greenhouse species are very desirable for a conservatory where many climbing plants are wanted. Any light soil, or a mixture of loam and peat, will suit them well, and yoimg cuttings will strike root freely under hand glasses. The stove kinds require the same treat- ment as the greenhouse species. The herbaceous perennial species are increased by dividing the plants at the root early in Spring. II. ATRAGE'NE (from a-Spayo'?), a name originally given to Clematis Vitalba by Theophrastus.) Lin. gen. No. 615. Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 356. t. 74. f. 8. Schkuhr. handb. t. 150. Clematis, Sect. IV. Atragene, D. C. syst. 1. p. 165. prod. 1. p. 9. hiN. S\ST. Polydndria Polygijnia. Involucre none. Sepals 4, somewhat induplicate in the bud. Petals numerous, shorter than the sepals. Cariopsides terminated by a bearded tail. Coty- ledons approximate in the seed. Climbing shrubs with variously cut opposite leaves, possessing the same qualities as Clematis. 1 A. alpi'na (Lin. spec. 764.) peduncles 1-flowered, longer than the leaves ; leaves biternate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acu- minated, serrate; petals somewhat spatulate, blunt. l^ . ^. H. Native of the mountains in many parts of Europe from the height of 2400 to 6000 feet, especially on a calcareous soil, in Austria, Carniola, Piedmont, South of Switzerland, Geneva, Dauphiny, and the Eastern Pyrenees. Jacq. aust. t. 241. Schkuhr. handb. t. 150; Sims. bot. mag. t. 530. A. Austriaca, Scop. cam. ed. 2, No. 66C. Andr. bot. rep. t. 180. Sims. bot. mag. t. 807. A. Clematides, Crantz. austr. 11 1. t. 5. Clematis alphia, Mill. diet. No. 9. D. C. syst. 1. p. 165. Flowers blue, varying to white. Sepals oblong, acuminated. Petals 10 to 12, linear at the base, but dilated at the apex. Alpine ktragenQ. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1792. Shrub cl. 2 A. Sibi'rica (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 343.) peduncles 1 -flower- ed, almost equal in length with the leaves ; leaves biternate ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, serrated ; petals emargi- nate at the ape.\. ^ . v.y H. Native of Siberia, in woods, at the river Oby, and in the Ural mountains, and along that chain of Alps even to the EasternOcean. Sims. bot. mag. t. 887. A. alphia, Gmel. sib. 4. p. 194. No. 33. Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 69. t. 76. Resembles ^. alpina, but differs in the leaves being some- times ternate, with narrower leaflets, and in the flowers being a little smaller, from white to yellowish, never blue, as well as in the petals being emarginate at the apex not obtuse. Siberian ktriigene. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1753. Shrub cl. 3 A. OcHOTENSis (Pall. ross. 2. p. 69.) peduncles l-flow- ered ; leaves biternate ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, serrate ; petals few ; linear. Tj . ^. H. Native of Siberia towards the Ochotskoi Sea, and of Kamtschatka between Ochotsk and Kamtsch. A. violacea, Pall, in herb. Lamb. C. Ochotensis, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 298. Resembles A. Sibirica. Flowers with 4 ovate- mucronate sepals, which are downy on their margins. Petals none, or sometimes with the outer stamens abortive, a little elon- gated and linear. Filaments velvety, a little shorter than the sepals. Ochotskoi KlYAgme. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub cl. acuminated. 4 A. America'na (Sims. bot. mag. t. 887.) peduncles 1-flowered; leaves whorled, in fours, ternate; leaflets stalked, cordate, lanceolate, acuminated, entire, or somewhat lobed, or serrated; petals acute. Ij. ^. H. Native of North America, in shady places, on the sides of rivulets, climbing and creep- ing among loose rocks. New York and Pennsylvania, near the foot of the Blue Mountains, and on the eastern declivity of the Rocky Mountains and at Cape Mendocina, on the North-west coast. Clematis verticillaris, D. C. syst. 1. p. 166. Resembles A. alpiina. Flowers large, purplish-blue. Var. (i, obliqua (Dougl. mss.) leaflets bluntly serrated. I^ . ^. H. Native on the eastern declivities of Rocky Mountains, in vallies, and at Cape Mendocina, on the western coast. American Atragene. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1797. Shrub cl. 5 A. occident'alis (Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 520.) leaves op- posite, ternate ; leaflets nearly entire, shining ; sepals ovate-lan- ceolate ; flowers, somewhat bell-shaped. Jj . ^. Native of ? Clematis occidentalis, D. C. prod. 1. p. 10. IFestern Atragene. Fl. ? Clt. 1818. Shrub cl. Cult. The species are very shewy, and require the same treat- ment as that recommended for the hardy kinds of Clematis. III. N ARAVE'LIA (from Narawcel, its name in Ceylon. Herm. Zeyl. 26.) D. C. syst. 1. p. 167. prod. 1. p. 10. LiN. SYST. Polijdndria, Polygy'nia. Petals from 6 to 1 2 , longer than the calyx (f. 5. (i.) Carpels seated on a thick hollow stipe, (f. 5. b.) terminated by a long feathery tail (f. 5. c.) A climbing shrub, with the habit of Clematis, but the leaves are only furnished with two opposite many-nerved leaflets. 1 N. Zeyla'nica (D. C. syst. 1. p. 167.) leaves opposite, stalked; leaflets ^^ two, ovate-acuminated, on very short stalks, 5-7 nerved, quite entire, or notched with one or two teeth on each side, velvety underneath, smooth above. FIG. 5. RANUNCULACEiE. IV. Tiialictrum. 11 drawn out at the apex into a trifid twisted tendril; (f. 5. rf.) pa- nicle terminal, with trichotomous pedicels. Pj . ^. S. Native of the East Indies. Sepals 4, caducous. Flowers yellow. t'ar. a Hermdnni (D. C. syst. 1. p. 1G7.) leaves velvety- tomentose on the under surface. Native of Ceylon, in groves. AtrageneZeylanica, Lin. Amoen. 1. p. 405. Clematis Zeylanica, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 296. Var. Id Roxburghii (D. C. syst. 1. p. 1G8.) leaves velvety- pubescent on the under surface. Atragene Zeylanica, Roxb. corom. 2. p. 47. t. 188. Native of Coromandel, near a place called Samulcoath, in hedges and groves, in humid places, (f. 5.) CV(//on Narawael. Fl. summer. Clt. 1790. Shrub cl. Cult. This plant will thrive best in a mixture of loam and peat. Young cuttings planted thinly in a pot of sand will strike root, under a hand-glass in heat. (Sweet.) Trlhc II. ANEMO'NE^ (plants resembling Anemone). D. C. syst. 1. p. 167. prod. 1. p 10. Calvx and corolla imbricate in the bud (f 4. a.) Petals none, (f. 6. b. i. 7. d.) or flat. Car- pels 1-seeded, (f 6. d.) indehiscent, (f. 6. c.) generally ter- minated by a tail (f. G- /■) or point (f. 6. c.) Seed pendulous (f. 6. e.) Stems herbaceous, never climbing. Leaves radical (f. 6.) or alternate (f. 7.) IV. THAL'ICTRUM(said from9aUa», thallo.to grow green; from the bright colour of the young sprouts). Lin. gen. No. 697. Gasrt. fruct. I. p. 355. t. 74. Lam. ill. t. 497. D. C. syst. 1. p. 168. prod. 1. p. II. Lin. syst. Polyandria Pohjgy'nia. Involucre none. Calyx of 4 or 5 deciduous petal-like sepals. Petals none. Carpels 4 to 15, pointed not terminated by a tail, stalked or sessile, some- times furrowed longitudinally. Roots perennial, with annual stems. Flowers corymbose, panicled, and somewhat racemose, green, white, and yellow. Herbs usually fetid, with yellowish bitter roots, tonic, resembling rhnharb (especially T.Jiavmn) in its cathartic qualities. The English name of this genus, Mea- dom-Rue, is given to it on account of the species usually growing in meadows, and their leaves resembling those of Rue. It is also called Feather-Columbine, from the feathery appearance of the panicles of flowers, and the leaves resembling those of the Cvlumbine. Sect. I. Tripte'rium, (rpfig, tre'is, three, irrepov, pteron, n wing, in allusion to the three winged fruit). D. C. syst. l.p. 169. prod. 1. p. 11. Fruit triquetrous, with winged angles, somewhat stipitate. 1 Th, aquilegifolium (Lin. spec. 770.) stipulas ovate, twin, at the base of the ramifications of the petiole ; panicle corymbose. I; . H. Native of Europe, on wooded mountains, in Germany, France, Italy, Hungary, Siberia, &c. Sims. hot. mag. t. 1818. .lacq. aust. t. 318. Stem fistulous, purple, meally. Leaves tri- pinnate, with suborbicular, smooth, deeply toothed leaflets. Sepals white, fugacious. Stamens white, but usually purple. Pericarps smooth, pendulous, narrowed at the base, on long pedicels. J ar. /5, (ttropurpiireum (Murr. syst. 513. Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 81.) stems and stamens dark purple. Native of Austria. I'ar, y,formbsum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 11.) stamens dark purple, dilated at the apex. Sims. hot. mag. t. 2025. Var. c, album; stems green, stamens white. Co/«/Hiine-/eai'erf Meadow-Rue. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1731. PI. 1 to 3 feet. 2 Th.chelidonn (D. C. prod. 1. p. 11.) stipulas wanting; axils of leaves gemmiferous ; flowers loosely panicled ; fruit stipitate, pendulous from the inflexed pedicel. I; . H. Native of Nipaul. Flowers large, purplish. Pistils 8. Stamens 8 to 12. Simllo)v-nort Meadow-Rue. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1823. PI. 2 ft. 1 3 Tii. contortum (Lin. spec. 770.) stipulas wanting; flowers in loose corymbose racemes ; fruit pendulous. ^ . H. Native of Siberia. Resembles Tk. aquilcgijf7)lium, but dwarfer. Flowers wliite. Leaves glaucous, with small simple or trifid obtuse leaflets. Stem 2-edged. Fruit twisted. Tnhted Ueado\y-llue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1796. PL 1 ft. Sect. II. Physoc.v'rpum, {cpvirn, physa, a bladder, KupTroc, karpos a h\\\t). D. C. syst. 1. p. 171. prod. 1. p. 11. Fruit inflated, bladdery, stipitate. Flowers dioecious or polygamous. Leaves bi or triternate. 4 Th. clava'tum (D. C. syst. 1. p. 171.) flowers monoecious, or hermaphrodite ; filaments club-shaped ; anthers elliptical awnless ; pericarps inflated, with a very short beak ; leaves smooth, without stipulas. l^.H. Native of North America, on Portage de La Loche, a height of land, composed of sand-hills, in lat. 57°, and separating the waters flowing to Hudson's Bay, from those falling into the Arctic Sea. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 6. Leaves biternate ; leaflets roundish, membranous, glaucous un- derneath, crenate-lobed. Flowers white, erect. Pericarps 5-6, stellately spreading. C7rti-a?e-filamented Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 5 Th. podoca'rpum (H. B. et Kunth nov. gen. spec. amer. 5 p. 38.) flowers polygamous ; filaments filiform ; anthers long, with an awn at the apex ; pericarps oval-oblong, smooth, with a long aw n ; leaves smooth without stipulas. It ■ G. Na- tive of New Granada. Stem fistulous. Leaves 4-times pinnate, or 4-times ternate ; leaflets stalked, ovate-orbicular, cordate at the base, smooth, glaucous underneath ; somewhat lobed at the apex, with 3 or 4 teeth. Flowers loosely panicled. Foot-fruited Meadow-Rue. Fl. July. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 6 Th. longist'ylum (D. C. syst. 1. p. 171). Flowers poly- gamous ; filaments filiform ; anthers with a long awn ; pericarps oval-oblong ; style with a long awn ; branches of petiole stipulled ; segments of leaves hairy at the nerves. %. F. Native of South America. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 7. Leaves 3 or 4-times ternate; leaflets ovate-orbicular, cordate at the base, grossly 3-5-toothed at the apex, or lobed, scarcely glaiicescent underneath. Flowers loosely panicled. Long-styled Meadow-Rue. PI. 4 or 5 feet. 7 Th. pelta'tum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 11.) flowers polj'ga- mous ; pericarps sessile, with a long awn ; leaflets of lower leaves peltate. %. F". Native of Mexico. Peltatc-\ca\eA Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, July. PI. 2 feet. 8 Th. Mexica'num (D. C.syst. 1. p. 187). i;.F. Native of Mexico. Coztipatli II. Hern. Mexic. 236 icon. Roots thick, fascicled, fibrous, of an amethyst colour, with yellow fibres. Leaves biternate ; leaflets stalked, ovate, toothletted. (Hern.) Mexican Meadovv-Rue. PI. 2 feet. 9 Th. rutidoca'rpum (D. C. syst. I. p. 172.) flowers poly- gamous ; filaments filiform ; pericarps ovate, somewhat com- pressed, marked with elevated branched rugosities ; leaves with- out stipulas ; leaflets hairy at the nerves. % . F. Native of South America. Rugged-fruited Meadow-Rue. PI. 2 feet. Sect. III. EuTHALi'cTRUM, (froui tv, eu, well or good, and thalictrum ; genuine species). D. C. syst. 1. p. 172. prod. 1. p. 12. Fruit, ovate-oblong, striped, sessile. Leaves various, almost always free of stipulas. § 1. Heterog'ama. Flowers dioecious or polygamous. 10 Th. Cornu'ti (Lin. spec. 768.) flower dioecious or poly- gamous ; filaments somewhat club-shaped ; anthers ellii)tical, or nearly linear ; leaflets roundish-abovate and oblong, 3-lobed, C 2 12 RANUNCULACEtE. IV. Thalictrum. glaucous beneath, with the nerves hardly prominent, rather revolute at the edges ; carpels ovate oblong ; stigma filiform with membranous margins. Tf-.U. Native of North America, on banks of rivers, in woody districts, the whole breadth of the continent. Hook fl. bor. amer. 3. t. 2. Leaves bi or tripinnate. Flowers white, or in many pale-purple, panicled. Th. revolu- tum D. C. syst. 1. p. 173. Th. Canadensis, Cornuti Canad. 186. t. 187. Far. a. revolutum ; anthers linear-oblong. Th. revolutum. D. C. syst. 1. p. 173. Var. ft. subglabrum. lar. ft, j.ubescens (Ph. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 388.) anthers elliptical ; leaves velvety, pubescent beneath. Th. corynellimi. D. C. syst. 1. p. 172. CorKKiiV Meadow- Rue. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1806. PI. 3 to 4 ft. 11 Th. moi'cuM (Lin. spec. 768.) flowers dioecious ; filaments filiform ; leaflets roundish, cordate, smooth, bluntly crenate-lobed, glaucous beneath ; peduncles axillary, shorter than the leaves. 11 . H. Native of North America, in shady grassy places, on the banks of rivers from Canada to Virginia and elsewhere. Deless. icon. sel. 1. 6. 8. Th. laevigatum, Mich. fl. bor. amer. ]. p. .322. Plant very smooth. Leaves 3-times trifid. Leaflets stalked, glaucous underneath. Panicle branched, somewhat corymbose at apex. Flowers white. Pericarps ovate, avvnless. Dioecious Meadow-Rue. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1759. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 12 Tii. Carolinia'num (Bosc. ined. but not of Walt. D. C. syst. 1. p. 174.) flowers dioecious; filaments filiform; leaflets oval, 3 — 5-toothed, smooth, glaucous underneath ; peduncles axillary, longer than the leaves. 11 . H. Native of North Ame- rica, from Pennsylvania to Carolina, on the banks of rivers and in swamps. Th. rugosum, Pursh fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 388, but not of Ait. hort. kew. Flowers white, in divaricating panicles. Far. ft, subjmbescens (D. C. syst. 1. p. 174.) leaflets, a little hairy at the nerves on the under surface. Native of New Jersey. Carolinian Meado\y-Ri\e. Fl. June, Aug. CU. 1818. PL 1 to 2 feet. 13 Th. purpura'scens (Lin. spec. 769.) flowers dioecious or monoecious ; filaments filiform, colored ; leaflets somewhat or- bicular, grossly toothed, glaucous underneath ; panicle contracted, almost leafless. 1/ . H. Native of Pennsylvania and Virginia, on dry sunny hills. — Moris, oxon. 3. p. 324. Stems purple. Leaves triternate. Panicle of female flowers erect. Ovaries 7, 8. Styles long, acute. Stamens purple. Jar. ft, monoicum (T>. C. syst. 1. p. 174.) panicle few-flow- ered, female flowers at bottom, and male at top of panicle. Native of New England. Filaments red. Anthers long, yellow, acute. Purplish Meadow-Rue. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1690. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 14 Th. Java'nicum (Blum, bijdr. Spreng. syst. append, p. 221.) Stem 4-sided, striated ; leaflets orbicular, smooth, trifid, glaucous beneath ; panicle forked, corymbose, erect ; flowers dioecious. 7/ . S. Native of Java. Flowers yellow. Jaua Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, July. PI. 3 feet. §. 2. Genuina, (genuinus, natural; species all hermaphro- dite.) Flowers hermaphrodite. Leaves decompound. Roots fibrous. 15 Tii. foliolosum (D. C. syst. 1. p. 175.) stem round, smootli, branched ; flowers in corymbose panicles, drooping ; leaves quadripinnato ; leaflets somewliat lernate, roundish or cor- date, 3-lobed, membranous, smooth ; petioles 3-parted. 11 . IT. Native of Upper Nipaul, at Suembu. Th. Dalinga, Hamilt. MSS. Flowers small, yellow. Lenfij Meadow-Rue. Fl. May, July. PI. 1 i to 2 feet. 16 Th. sanicul.eforme (D. C. prod. 1. p. 12.) stem round- ish, branched ; flowers few, panicled ; peduncles rigid, divari- cating ; sepals refltxed ; pericarps striated, pointed with the long inflexed style. y.H. Native of Nipaul. Sanictda-formed Meadow-Rue. PI. li feet. 17 Th. petaloideum (Lin. .spec. 770.) stem round, almost naked ; flowers corymbose ; filaments dilated at the apex ; leaf- lets smooth,' ovate, obtuse, entire or 3-lobed. l/.H. Native of the mountains of Dauria, and on Mount Odon-Tchelen on tlie confines of China. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 9. Lodd. hot. cab. 891. Leaves ternately decompound. Sepals roundish, wliite. Filaments flesh-colored. Anthers yellow. Pericarps 6. 8, sessile, oblong, striated. Far. ft, slamincum (Lin. fil. suppl. 271). P<;/a/-/(fce-sepalled Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1799. PI. U feet. 18 Th. alpInum (Lin. spec. 767.) stem quite simple, almost naked, dwarf ; raceme simple, terminal ; flowers nodding ; leaves smooth, shining. 1/. H. Native of Kamtschatka, Newfound- land, Lapland, Greenland, Iceland, Pyrenees, &c. On most of the highest mountains in Wales and Scotland. Smith, eng. hot. t. 262. Lightf. scot. t. 13. f. 1. ; Fl. dan. t. 11. A small very smooth plant. Leaves chiefly radical, twice ternate and some- what pinnate ; leaflets wedge-shaped, dark green and shining above, glaucous beneath. Sepals whitish, acute. Anthers tawny. Alpine Meadow-Rue. Fl. May, Jul. Britain. PI. j to | ft. 19 Th. fce'tidum (Lin. spec. 768?) stem simple, naked at tlie base, leafy in the middle, panicled at top ; leaves with clammy pubescence ; leaflets obtuse, toothed. l/.H. Native of France, Switzerland, Hungary, Siberia, Russia, &c. In valleys, on hills, or in the fissures of calcareous rocks. Lam. ill. t. 497. f. 2. Waldst. and Kit. pi. hung. 2. ^. 190. t. 174. Th. styloi- deum, Lin. ill. suppl. 271. Th. saxatile, Vill. dauph. 4. p. 714. Stem clammy-pubescent, covered with scales at the base instead of leaves. Petioles 3-parted. Segments of leaves twice or thrice pimiate. Leaflets orbicular, cordate, irregularly 3 to 5-lobed at the apex. Panicle erect, spreading, few-flowered. Flowers nodding. Anthers yellow. Sepals reddish on the outside. Fc/irf Meadow-Rue. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1640. PI. 1 ft. 20 Th. pube'scens (Schl. pi. helv. D. C. syst. 1. p. 176.) stem simple, with a few leaves, panicled at top ; leaves clammy- pubescent. 11. H. Native of Caucasus; about Montpelier, and in Lower Vallais, on clialky rocks. Th. Cornuti, Poir. diet. 5. p. 319, exclusive of tlie synonymes and countries. Resembles 21i.fceiidum, but with the leaves scattered equally over the stem, and with tlie leaflets more acute. Pubescent Mcm\o\\'-Ri\2. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1819. PI. 2 ft. 21 Th. acuti'lobum(D. C. syst. 1. p. 177.) stem simple, naked at the l)ase, leafy in the middle, and panicled at top; leaves pu- bescent, viscid ; lobes of leaflets acute. 1/. H. Native of Siberia. Very like Th. fcelidum. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 10. Acntc-lobcd MaaAow-Wwe. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. l|ft. 22 Tii. dive'rgens (Link eiuim 584.) leaflets ovate-oblong, pubescent beneath, bluntly 3-lobed ; branches and petioles divari- cating ; panicle diverging. 1/ . H. Native of Siberia. Th. di- vuricatum, Spreng. new entd. 1. p. 37. No. 68. Flowers yellow. Divenying-paniclcd Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819. PI. 2 feet. " 23 Tii. Schweigge^ri (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 271.) stem erect, furrowed ; leaflets ovate, cvmeated, multifid and acutely toothed ; petioles with stiptdas at their base ; filaments capillary, elongated ; anthers awned. 1/ . H. Nati\ e of 1 Flowers yellow. Schweigger's Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, July. PI. 3 feet. 24 Tii. squarrosum (Steph. in Willd. spe. 2. p. 1299.) stem round ; flowers panicled, drooping ; petioles stem-clasping, wing- ed. % . H. Native of Siberia. Leaves supra-decompound ; RANUNCULACE^. IV. Thalictrum. 13 lateral leaflets for the most part ovate-acute, and very entire, terminal ones, as well as the superior lateral ones, trifid or bifid. Petiole vvitli an orbicular membranous toothed wing at tlie base on eacji side. Flowers yellow. Squarrose Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 180G. PI. 1 ft. 25 Th. SiBiRicuM (Gsert. fr. 1. p. Soli. t. 7t.) stem round- ish ; flowers panicled, drooping ; leaflets smooth, ovate-cuneated, trifid with acute, entire, or acutely cut lobes. 1/ . H. Native of Armenia and Siberia. Flowers light yellow. Plant glaucous. Siberian MenAoK-Rwe. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt. 1775. PI. 1 to 3 ft. 26 Th. minus (Lin. spec. 769.) stem round, mealy ; flowers loosely panicled, drooping ; leaflets smooth, roundish, toothed at apex, glaucous ; pericarps acute, furrowed. 1/ . H. Native al- most throughout Europe, as well as Siberia, in mountainous pastures. In Britain, in chalky pastures, especially such as are rather mountainous, or in shell sand on the sea coast. Smith, eng. bot. t. 11. Fl. dan. t. 732. Jacq. aust. t. 419. Stem zigzag. Leaves doubly pinnate, then ternate ; leaflets broadly cordate or wedge-shaped. Stipulas rounded. Sepals pale-purple with white edges. Anthers yellow. if*«fr Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, Jul. Britain. PI. |^ to 1 ft. 27 Th. coLLiNUM (Wallr. sched. crit. 259.) stem leafy at the base, intercepted with approximate internodes ; leaves green on both surfaces, smooth, radical ones sessile, crowded ; leaflets ovate or cordate, roundish, bluntly trifid ; flowers panicled, drooping ; pericarps ovate, equally ribbed, crowned by the straight style. 7/ . H. Native of Saxony in fields about Halle. Th. minus, Spreng. fl. hal. 156, exclusive of the synonymes. Sepals pur- plish. Anthers yellow. Hill Meadow-Rue. Fl. Jime, Jul. Clt. 1800. PI. 1 to 1 i ft. 28 Th. saxa'tile (Schl. pl. helv. D. C. syst. 1. p. 178.) stem round ; flowers panicled, erect ; leaflets smooth, roundish, toothed at apex, glaucous underneath ; pericarps acute at both ends. 1/ . H. Native of middle Europe in woody hills and mountain valleys, especially in Alsace, Switzerland, and the P) renees. Th, minus, Poll. pal. No. 522. Very like Hi. mhius but distinguished from it by the stem being green but purple at the base, and destitute of mealiness, as well as in the flowers being erect. Anthers yellow. TfocA- Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 29 Th. Cala'bricum (Spreng. pug. 1. p. 37. No. 67.) stem roundish, destitute of mealiness ; panicle of flowers somewhat racemose, contracted, leafless ; leaflets roundish, bluntly 3-lobed, rather glaucous underneath ; pericarps deeply furrowed, tapering to the base. 1/ . H. Native of Calabria on Moiuit Leone and of Sicily.— Moris. Hist. 1. sect. 9. to 20. f. 16.? Flowers yellow. Calabrian Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1 800. PL 2 to 3 ft. 30 Th. ela'tum (Murr. syst. cd. It. p. 513.) stem roundish, destitute of mealiness ; flowers panicled, eiect ; leaflets smooth, ovate, somewhat cordate, and somewhat trifid ; pericarps ob- tuse at the base. l/.H. Native of Hunga iy. Jacq. hort. viiid. 3. t. 95. Intermediate between Th. saxdiile and mdjus, differing from the first in the pericarps being obtuse at tlie base not acute, and from the second in tlie flowers being erect not drooping. F'lowers with white sepals and yellow antlievs. Var. i^,(tmbiguum {Schl. pl. helv.) 1/. II. Native of Switzer- land on the edges of fields in tlie valley called Binn. Tall Meadow-Rue. Fl. August, Sept. Clt. 1794. Pl. 5 ft. 31 Th. ma' jus (Murr. sy^t. 513.) stem round, destitute of mealiness ; flowers loosely panicled, drooping ; leaflets smooth, trifid, glaucous underneath, with ovate mucronate lobes ; peri- carps oblii|uely roimded at the base. 1/ . II. Native of Switzer- land, Dauphiny, and Cevennes, on dry bushy hills. In England at Baydales, near Darlington ; also on the margin of Ulswater. Jacq. aust. t. 420. Smith, eng. bot. t. 611. Stem purplish, angular on the upper part. Sepals purplish-green. Anthers yellow. Leaves triply pinnate then ternate. Stipulas crescent-shaped, notched. Gre«to- Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, Jul. England. Pl. 3 ft, 32 Tn. nu'tans (Desf. tabl. mus. cd. 1. p. 123.) stem round, destitute of mealiness, flowers loosely panicled, drooping ; leaflets 3 to 5-toothed at apex, acutely cut, glaucous beneath ; pericarps oblique and obtuse at the base. 1/ . H. Native of the Alps of Sa- voy. Th. acuminatum, Spreng. pug. 2. Very like T/i. 7ndjtis. Flowers yellow. Nodding MeM\ow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819. Pl. 2 to 3 ft. 33 Th. me'dium (Murr. syst. 513.) stem round, destitute of mealiness ; flowers loosely panicled, erectish ; leaflets smooth, olilong, wedge-shaped, acutely trifid, upper ones undi\ided, lan- ceolate. 11 . H. Native of Hungary and Tauria, on hills. Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 96. Th. diffusum, Schrad. Flowers yel- lowish. il/«Me Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1789. Pl. 2 ft. 34 Th. TRiGYNUM (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 14.) stem furrowed, erect ; flowers very loosely panicled, erect, with 3 styles; leaflets smooth, oval, wedge-shaped, acutely trifid, glau- cous beneath. 1/ . H. Native of Dahuria. Pericarps 1 to 3 oblong, striated. Flowers yellow. T/iree-slyledMeado\\-B.ue. Fl. Ju.Jid. Clt. 1818. Pl. 2 ft. 35 Th. coNCiNNUM (Willd. enum. 584.) stem round, straight ; flowers drooping, disposed in a very ample spreading panicle ; leaflets smooth, wedge-shaped, trifid, acute, with the middle lobe usually 3-toothed. 1/ . H. Native of? Stem erect, purplish. Radical leaves quadriternate, caidine ones 3-parted, with the partitions bipinnate. Flowers white with yellow anth2rs. iVea< Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, July. Clt? Pl. ? feet. 36 Th. glauce'scens (D. C. syst. 1. p. ISO.) stem round, straight ; flowers drooping, loosely panicled ; stipulas small, at the base of the ramifications of the petioles ; leaflets smooth, 3-lobed at the apex. 1/ . H. Native of Russia ? Resembles Th. aquilegifo'.ium. Herb glaucous. Stem fistulous. Sepals oval, purplish. Anthers yellow. G/f«(cc4ceM< Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt. 1818. Pl. 2 to 3 ft. 37 Th. GAiioiDES (Nestl. in Pers. ench. 2. p. 101.) stem round, a little furrowed, upright ; root creeping ; panicle strict ; flowers nodding ; leaflets linear, narrow, very entire, shining, with revolute margins, ultimate one almost sessile. % . H. Native of Alsace in sandy meadows. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 11. Th. angustifolium. Var. (i, galioides, D. C. fl.fr. no. 4601. Pa- nicle of flowers resembling that of Galium verum. Flowers yellow. Lady's Bedstraw-like M.Ga.Aovi-R\\e. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1816. Pl. 1 to 3 feet. 38 Th. angustifolium (Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 43.) stem upriglit, round, a little furrowed ; root fibrous ; panicle multiple, erect ; flowers erectish ; leaflets linear-lanceolate, quite entire, shining, ultimate one rather cut, remote. %. H. Native of Ger- many and France in meadows and woods. Th. angustissinuim, Crantz. austr. 2. p. 79. Stem fistulous. Flowers yellow. Anrrozy-fcauet/ Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1793. Pl. 3 or 4 feet. 39 Th. lucidum (Lin. spec. 770.) stem branched, round, somewhat furrowed ; panicle multiple, erect ; flowers erectish ; leaflets linear-lanceolate, entire, sliining, ultimate one lobed. 1/. H. Native of France, about Paris, and Spain, in meadows. Th. medium, Poir. diet. 5. p. 316. Th. speciusum, Mill. diet, no. 2. Th. longilolium, Krok. fl. siles. 2. 1. p. 242— Pluk. aim. 063. t. 65. f 5. An intermediate plant between Th. aiigus- tifdliiim and viiidimn. Flowers yellow. -^/(//(/•((^-leaved Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1739. Pl. 2 to 3 feet. 40 Th, NIGRICANS (Jacq. fl. aust. 5. t. 421.) stem upright, 14 RANUNCULACE^. IV. Thalictrum. branched, furrowed ; root fibrous ; panicle multiple, erect, somewhat corymbose; leaflets of radical leaves wedge-shaped, trifid, those of the stem leaves oblong-linear. 1/ . H. Native of Austria, north of Italy, and south of France, on the margins of fields and on the banks of rivers in moist sandy places. — Moris, hist. 1. sect. 9. t. 20. f. 3. Th. rugosum, Poir. diet. 5. p. 317. exclusive of the synonymes and countries. Like Th. Jlavum. Flowers yellow. Blackish-\ea.vcdMeado\y-Rue. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1798. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 41 Tn. fla'vum (Lin. spec. 770. var.a.) stem erect, branched, furrowed ; root fibrous ; panicle multiple, erect, somewhat co- rymbose ; leaflets wedge-shaped, trifid, acute. 1/ . H. Native throughout all Europe, also Siberia and about Constantinople. In Britain in wet meadows and about the banks of rivers and ditches. Smith, eng. bot. t. 367. Fl. dan. t. 939. Th. pra- tense, Lin. fl. lapp. 224. Stem hollow. Leaves doubly pin- nate, ultimately ternate. Sepals cream-coloured. Anthers yellow. Root yellow. The root dyes wool yellow, and has been formerly used to cure the jaimdice, probably from its colour. An acrid herb, raising blisters on the skin ; but cattle fretjuently feed upon it mixed with grass. Far. ft 2>ai'perctilum (D. C. fl. fr. No. 4603.) panicle few- flowered. Far. y vaginiilum (D. C. prod. 1. p. It.) sheaths of petioles expanded into auricles. Th. vagiriatum. Desf. cat. hort. par. ed. 2. suppl. 274. Fe//ow-rooted Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Britain. PI. 3 to 4 ft. 42 Th. divarica'tum (Horn. hort. hafn. add. 967.) stem branched, upright, leafy, furrowed ; leaflets ternate, linear, very narrow, trifid, divaricating; panicle diffuse (strict?); flowers erect. 1/ . H. Native of ? Flowers yellowish. Divaricaling-\ea.\ed Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819. PI. 2 feet. 43 Th. rosmarinifolium (Nocett. in Spreng. syst. 2. p. 672.) leaves supradecompound ; leaflets lanceolate, acute, very entire, opaque above, glaucous beneath ; panicle diffuse ; flowers erect. 11 . H. Native of Italy. Flowers yellow. liosemary-leaved Meadov,-B.ue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1816. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 44 Th. laserpitiifolium (Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. p. 62.) lower leaflets cuneated, trifid, those of the cauline leaves linear, ultimate ones 3-parted ; flowers erect. IJ. . H. Native of? Flowers yellow. Lasermort-leaved Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1810. PI. 3 ft. 45 Th. Thunbe'rgii (D. C. syst. 1. p. 183.) stem erect, branched, round ; panicle compound, erect ; leaflets wedge- shaped, acutely trifid at the apex, glaucescent. 1/ . H. Native of Japan. Resembles Th. Jlavum, but differing in the stem being round and smooth, not furrowed ; flowers smaller ; ovaries 3 to 5, not 10 to 15 ; stamens 10 to 12 not 24. Flowers yellow. Thunherg's Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, Jidy. PI. 3 feet. 46 Th. simplex (Lin. mant. 78.) stem erect, simple, angular; root creeping ; panicle erect, racemose, few-flowered ; leaflets linear, or lower ones oblong, acute, trifid. If. . H. Native of France, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Switzerland, in waste mea- dows and on the banks of rivers. Fl. dan. t. 244. Th. angus- tifblium, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 722, exclusive of the synonymes. Th. tenuif61ium, Swz. Flowers with green sepals and yellow stamens. Herb glaucous. AVm^Je-stemmed Meadow-Rue. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1778. PI. 1 to 2 feet 47 Th. densifl6rum(H. B.and Kunth.nov. gen. et spec. amer. 5. p. 38.) stem erect, striated ; panicle compound, erect ; flowers crowded, somewhat capitate ; leaflets oval, acutely trifid or 3-toothed, glaucous and reticulately veined beneath. 1/ . G. Native of South America. Stem hollow. Petioles trifid ; lateral segments bearing 3 leaves, middle one pinnate. Flowers yellow. Ovaries few and sometimes perhaps wanting, as is the case in most of the American species. Dense-flonered Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, July. PI. 2 to 3 ft. 48 Th. cine'keum (Desf. cat. hort. par. ed. 2. p. 146.) stem erect, round, striated ; panicle much branched, loose, rigid ; flowers erect ; leaflets oval, cuneated at the base, 3 to 5-toothed at the apex. 1/. H. Native of ? Stem hollow, leaves tripin- nate. Flowers yellow. Ovaries 7 to 8, acute. Cinereous Me^dovi-Rne. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1810. PI. 3 or 4 ft. 49 Th. glau'cum (Desf. cat. hort. par. ed. 2. p. 146.) stem erect, round, striated, mealy ; panicle compound, erect, crowded ; leaflets ovate, rather cordate, bluntly trifid, glaucous beneath. 7/ . H. Native of Spain, Portugal, Pyrenees, and Switzerland. Schrad. hort. gott. 1. p. 14. t. 8. — Moris, hist. 1. sect. 9. t. 20. f. 1. Th. speciosum, Poir. diet. 5. p. 315. Stem simple, hollow. Petioles 3-parted, with pinnate and bipinnate branches. Leaflets ovate, orbicular, 3-lobed ; lobes grossly toothed. Flowers of 4 to 5 sepals, yellow. Ovaries 4 to 6 ovate. Glaucous Meadov;-R\\e. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1798. PI. 2 to 5 ft. 50 Th. rugosum (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 262.) stem round, striated, green ; panicle compound, erect ; flowers crowded ; leaflets ovate, rather cordate, coarsely 3 to 5 crenate- toothed, glaucous beneath, shining above. 2/ . H. Native of North America, in wet meadows, and on the banks of rivers, from Pennsylvania to Carolina. Th. crenatum, Desf cat. hort. par. ed. 2. p. 126. Resembles Th. glaucum, but differing in the stem being green not glaucous. Flowers with white sepals and yellow anthers. Jar. /3, d'lscolur ; stem purplish ; leaflets purplish beneath ; se- pals purplish ; anther yellow. Th. discolor, Willd. enum. app. 46. Far. y, umbel life rum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 134.) stem thicker and taller, ending at the apex in long-stalked umbels. Flowers yellow. Perhaps a distinct species. Wrinkled-Xeayed Meadow-Rue. Fl. Jul. Clt. 1774. PI. 4 to 6 ft. •f Species belonging to last division but not sufficiently known. 51 Th. cvNAPiiFOLiUM (Fisch. in litt.) 'if. H. Native of Siberia. Cynapium-leavedMeadov;-Ri\e. Fl. Ju. Jul. Ch. 1818. PI. 2 ft. 52 Th. oligospe'rmum (Fisch. in litt.) 1/ . H. Native of Siberia. Feiv-seedcd Meadow-nne. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 ft. § 3. Indivisa, (from indivistts, undivided; because the leaves are simple). D. C. syst. 1. p. 185. prod. 1. ^j. 15. Flowers herma- 2>hrodite. Leaves undivided. 53 Th. rotundifolium (D. C. syst. 1. p. 185.) leaves ra- dical, stalked, kidney-shaped, somewhat orbicular, broadly crenated, many-nerved. % . H. Native of Nipaul. Th. Ba- tida, Hamilt. MSS. Th. alchemillaefolium. Wall, in litt. Root fascicled, with long black fibres. Scapes radical, bracteate, with a few one-flowered branches at the top. Sepals 5 rarely 4. Ovaries sessile, oblong, terminated by the acute stigma, collected into a globose head. Pericarps striated. Round-leaved Meadow-Rue. PI. | to 1 foot. 54 Tii. RANUNcuLiNUM (Muhl. in Willd. enum. 585.) leaves simple, 5-lobed, serrated. 11 . H. Native of Carolina. Flowers corymbose, pale vellow. Cron'foot-Uke l\Ieadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1 806. PI. 1 ft. § 4. Grumosa, {from grumbsus,full of clods ; tuberous roots). D. C. sy.it. l.p. 186; prod. 1. ^). 15. Roots grumose. Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals petal-like, longer than the stamens. 55 Th. tuberosum (Lin. spec. 768.) root grumose; flowers RANUNCULACE/E. V. Tetractis. VI. Anemone. 15 loosely corymbose ; involucre none ; bracteas sessile. 11 . H. Native of Spain and the Pyrenees, in sterile stony past\iros or hills.— Moris, hist. 2. p. 438, sect. 4. t. 28. f. 13".— Mill. fig. 177 to 265. f. 2. Roots like those of CEndnthe. Leaves crowded, stalked, bi-tripinnate ; leaflets orbicular, 3-lobed, smooth. Flowers white, with 5 oval blunt sepals. Ovaries 7 to 8, elon- gated, rather incurved. rar. jifUniJidra. Stem 1 -flowered. 1/ . H. Native of Occitania. rKftf roKs-rooted Moadow-Rue. Fl. Jiuie. Clt. 1713. PI. 1 ft. 56 Tii. ANEMONoiDES (Micli. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 322.) root griunose ; flowers umbellate ; leaves biternate ; leaflets cordate- roundish, 3-lobed ; floral leaves opposite or tern, stalked, biter- nate, constituting an involucre. 1/ . H. Native of North Ame- rica in woods, frequent from Canada to Carolina. Anemone thalictroides, Lin. spec. 763. Juss. an. du mus. 3. p. 249. t. 21. f 2. Sims. bot. mag. t. 866. Wdld. hort. berl. t. 44. Roots black. Radical leaves biternate ; leaflets somewhat cor- date, 3-toothed. Floral leaves 2-3, with stalked wedge-shaped leaflets. Flowers white, of 5 sepals. Pericarps striated. This plant has the habit of Isopijrtim, flowers of Anemone, and the fruit of Thalictrum. Var. fi un'ijtora (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 387.) stem one- flowered. Var. y multiplex. Flowers double. A beautifid plant, com- monly cultivated in gardens. Atiemone-like Meadow-Rue. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1768. PI. I foot. \A doubtful sjiecies. 57 Th. ? Sine'nse ? (Lour. fl. cochin. 1. p. 423.) fj . 1/ . G. Native of China. Root a white solid round tuber. Stem round, erect, suffruticose, simple, one- flowered. Flower white, termi- nal ; petals 5, round, spreading. Stamens short, polyandrous. Seeds many, minute. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Perhaps this plant is a species of Ranunculus. Chinese Meadow-Rue. PI. 1 foot. Cult. Mostly hardy perennial herbaceous free growing plants, well adapted for borders, easily increased by dividing at the root. The Tk. anemono'ides thrives best in peat soil. Those natives of warm climates require protection during winter. The species belonging to the two last divisions of the last section are the most ornamental. V. TETRA'CTIS (from rtrpac, /rfras, by fours; in allusion to the parts of flower.) Spreng. new entd. 3. p. 53 ; D.C. prod. 1. p. 16. Lin. syst. Tetrandr'ia, Tetragyn'ia. Livolucre none. Calyx of 4 blunt sepals. Petals none. Anthers oblong, seated at the base. Carpels 4, acute. A small shrub with alternate oblong entire leaves. 1 Tet. Cape'nses (Spreng., 1. c.) Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Pedimcles capillary, crowded towards the top of the branches. Flowers red. Cape Tetractis. Shrub 1 foot. Cult. This plant will grow well in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat, and young cuttings planted in a pot of sand, and placed under a bell glass, will strike root. VL ANEMO'NE (from avtfiot, anemos, wind ; because the greater part of the species grow in elevated places, much exposed to the wind.) C. Bauh. pin. 173 and 177. Tourn. inst. 275 and 284. t. 147 and 148. Lin. gen. Censis. Lower leaves almost radical, stalked. Stem erect, somewhat flexuous, terete, villous. Leaflets of involucre oblong, erect, acute, villous. Flowers one-half smaller than those of An. Caj^ensis. Sepals 7 — 9, oblong, obtuse, silky outside. Styles smooth, short. Thin-leaved Wind-flower. PI. 1 foot. Sect. IV. anemona'nthea, (from ai'tjioQuncmos, av^oganthos, a flower ; that is to say, the true wind-flower. Sec Anemone.) D. C. syst. 1. p. 19G. prod. 1. p. 18. Cariopsides tailless, (f. 6. c.) egg-shaped. Pedicels solitary, or in pairs, all leafless and 1 -flowered. Leaflets of involucre sessile (f. 6. «.) or stalked. VOL. I. — part I. § 1. Leaves of Involucre sessile (f. G. a.) Trunk of root egg- sliapcd tuberous, (f. 6.) 15 An. cokona'ria (Lin. spe. 760.) leaves ternate ; seg- ments multiful ; lobules linear, niucronated ; leaves of the involu- cruni sessile, niultilid : sepals 6, oval, approximate. 1/ . H. Native of sul)-humid pastures in the south of France, iNIontpelier, Provence, Nice ; Italy, about Rome, &c. ; Greece, Archipelago, Aleppo ; Troas, at the tomb of Ajax (E. D. Clarke). Lam. illus. about t. 496. f. 1. Sims, bot. mag. 841 . Fl. gr;tc. 514. An. hortensis ect. Weinm.Phyt. 1. p. 50 and 51, t. 119 to 128. An. cenanthe Ucria in Roem. arch. 1 . A. p. 69. The varieties of this species are very common and graceful ornaments in gardens. Leaves finely or broadly dissected. Flowers purple, blue, violet, lilac, yellowish, white, or varie- gated, single or double; sepals oval or orbicular. »S'ee Weinni. figures cited above. Anemone coronaria is a well known florist flower, valued for its hardy nature, and also because it will flower at almost any season, according to the time the roots are kept out of the ground, and the season when they are replanted. Many new varieties have been raised from seed, t)ut they are not named by florists, as in the case of Tulips and Pinks. The prevailing colours are red, white, and blue ; and semi-double flowers are in nearly as much repute as double ones. A root which has remained in the ground two or three years will attain a great breadth. They are increased by dividing the roots. The soil preferred by the Ane- mone is a fresh loam rather heavy than light. The usual time of planting is in October, covering the roots three inches ; but to have earlier bloom, they may be planted in the beginning of Sep- tember, and to have bloom every month in the year, plant every month. The finer sorts recpiire protection from violent storms and excessive light and heat; but many varieties do exceedingly well in borders. A very severe winter will destroy the roots if the surface is not mulched, but the Anemone is considerably hardier than the garden Ranunculus. In order to obtain new varieties, seeds should be saved from fine single or semi-double kinds ; and sown in shallow jjots, or boxes filled with light rich earth, in August, covering them a quarter of an inch thickwith the same kind of earth, and when the plants rise, care should be taken to protect them from the frost. In the following season, when their leaves begin to deca\-, they should be taken up and dried, and afterwards planted out in borders in the same manner as the old roots ; and in the follow- ing summer they will produce flowers. Garlandor Garden Wind-flower. Fl.Ap.My. Clt.1596. Pl.| ft. 16 An. PusiLLA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 197.) leaves ternate ; seg- ments multifid ; lobules linear, mucronated ; leaves of involucruni sessile, cut at top: sepals 6, oblong, distant. 2/. H. Native of the island of Cyprus. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 12. Root tuber- ous, the size of a nut. Flower erect, pale purple. Sepals 6, rarely 4-5. Carpels woolly, disposed into an oval-oblong head. Very near An. Coronaria, and perhaps only a variety of it. Small Wind-flower. Fl. ? PI. i foot. 17 An. pavonina (D. C. syst. 1. p. 197.) leaves 3-parted ; lobes cuneated, deeply toothed ; leaves of the involucruni sessile, oblong, entire, or somewhat toothed; sepals 10-12, lanceolate, very acute. 11 . H. Native of Gascony, in vineyards near the river Adour ; in Provence ; about Olbia, and Nice. Flower- ing in the summer. — Clus. hist. 1. p. 261, 262. f. 1. and 2. Mor. oxon. sect. 4. t. 35. f. 1. Very rarely seen with single flowers, but the double variety is to be found common enough in gardens under the names of An. Qiil de Paon, An. Candiote, An. de Crete, 8cc. Easily distinguished from An. Coronaria by its very acute sepals. Flowers variable in colour. J'ar. ii,fulgens(p. C. prod. 1. p. 18.) leaves tri-parted ; lobes D 18 RANUNCULACE.E. VI. Anemone. cuneated, deeply toothed ; leaves of the involucrum sessile, oblong, entire, or a little toothed; sepals oblanceolate, broadest at apex, tapering to tlie base. An. fiilgens. Gay. ined. An. hortensis, Thor. chl. land, 238 ; An. pavonina, Lois. not. 87. Flowers larger than in var. a. Peacock Wind-flower. Fl. April. May. Clt. ? PI. 1 foot. 18 An. stella'ta (Lam. diet. 1. p. 166.) leaves .3-parted ; lobes cuneated, deeply toothed ; leaves of the involucrum sessile, oblong, entire, or a little toothed ; sepals 10, 12, oblong bluntish. 11 . H. Native of Germany, France, Switzerland, Italy, Rome, and the Levant, in hedges and bushy places. Flowering in winter and summer. An. hortensis, Lin. spe. 761. Curt. bot. mag. 123. Fl. grsec. 515. An. versicolor, Sal. prod. 371. Sepals narrow, oblong, or broad oval, but always bliuit. Flowers purple, or rose, or whitish, never truly yellow. 6'ton.y Wind-flower. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1597. PI. | ft. 19 An. palma'ta (Lin. spe. 758.) leaves cordate, suborbi- cular, bluntly 3-5-lobed, toothed ; leaves of tlie involucrum sessile, trifid; sepals 10-12, oblong, obtuse. 1/. H. Native of humid and uncultivated places about Algiers ; Portugal, at the Tagus, &c.; Spain, near Madrid and Valencia ; Provence, near Olbia. Andr. bot. rep. 172. Ker. bot. reg. 200. Involucrum 1 very rarely 2-flowered. Differing from An. stelluta at first sight by its yellow flowers. J'ar. fl, flora 2>leno (Clus. hist. 1 . p. 249. f. 1 .) flowers double. PM//»«/«/-leaved Wind-flower. Fl.My.Ju. Clt. 1597. Pl.itolft. 20 An. decate'tala (Lin. inant. FIG. 6. 79.) leaves 3-parted : lobes grossly '' ■ ; '*' tootlied, or somewhat cut ; leaves of involucrum sessile, twice trifid, with linear lobes (f. 6. a.); sepals 10-12, oblong obtuse, (f. 6. b.) 11 . G. Native of Brasil about Monte Video, and in the province of Rio Grande do Sul, near tlie town of St. Francisco de Paulo ; Peru and Chili in woods. An. trilobata Juss. ann. mus. 3. p. 247. t. 21. f. 3., An. macrorrhiza, Domb. herb. Scapes naked. Flower solitary, white, blue- ish on the outside. Ten-jictalled Wind-flower. Fl. May. PI. h foot. 21 An. CAROLiNiVNA(Walt. fl. car. 157.) leaves ternate, with 3-parted or cut, acutely- toothed lobes ; leaves of the involucrum trifid, with cut lobes; sepals 10-12, linear. 1/ . H. Native of Carolina, and on the banks of the river Missouri. A. tenella, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 386. Scape 1-flowered. Involu- crum 3-leaved. Flower on a long pedicel ; sepals small, purplish, pubescent on the outside. Fruit woolly, mucronate. A very slender and delicate plant. Carolinian Wind-flower. Fl. May, Jvm. Clt. 1824. PI. | ft. 22 An. triterna'ta (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 74. t. 65.) leaves triter- nate : segments 3-toothed ; leaves of the involucrum sessile, cleft into many setaceous lobes; sepals 10-12, oblong, obtuse. 1/. G. Native of Brasil about Monte Video, and at the mouth of the river Plate, as well as on the mountains called Cerro-Aspro, and of Peru. Anemone, Lam. illust. t. 496. f. 3. ; An. fumarise- fblia, Juss. ann. mus. 3. p. 247. t. 20. f. 2. Root and habit that oi An. decapelala. Flowers white. Fruit woolly, disposed into an oblong head. St. Hil. fl. bras. p. 5. Triternatc-\ea.\ei}i Wind-flower. Fl. Oct. Nov. PI. | foot. 23 An. biflora (D. C. syst. 1. p. 201.) leaves ternate; seg- ments divided into linear blunt cut lobes ; leaves of the invo- lucrum 2, sessile, many-parted ; pedicels in pairs, one of them bearing a two-leaved involucel. %.ii. Native of tlie Levant. Scape round length of petioles. Flower somewhat drooping, yellow, of 5 oval, oblong, obtvise sepals, which are pubescent out- side, and a little longer than those of An. rannnculoides. Stamens few in the flower with two involucrums, but numerous in the flower with one involucrum. Ovaries many in the first. Two-flowered Wind-flower. PI. ~ foot. 24 An. FORMOSA (Clark, ex Spreng. neu. entd. 3. p. 201.) radical leaves thick, 3-parted, roundish fan-shaped, somewhat 3-lobed, acutely toothed ; leaves of involucrum 3, 3-parted : segments lanceolate ; sepals broadly ovate. 1/ . H. Native of Asia Minor. A. bifl6ra var. ft, trifoliata, D. C. prod. 1. p. 19. Petioles and Scapes much shorter than in An. biflora. Flowers on long pedicels, white or purplish. Carpels woolly, few. Shenuj Wind-flower. PI. i foot. § 2. Leaflets of involucrum stalked. Trunk of roots egg- shaped tuberous. 25 An. Ai'ENNfNA (Lin. spe. 762.) leaves triternate ; seg- ments lanceolate, deeply-toothed, acute ; leaves of the involu- crum stalked, trifid, deeply cut ; sepals 12-14, oblong, obtuse. 1/ . H. Native of England in Wimbledon park ; also near Harrow ; near Lutonhoc, Bedfordshire ; Berkhampstead, Herts ; near Brussels ; in Provence ; Apennines, Italy ; and on the mountains of Caucasus. Hook. fl. lond. 6. t. 35. Smith, fl, grajc. 581. eng. bot. 1062. Flower erect, blue. Roots black. far. ft, ranunculus nemorosus, SfC. fl. alho. Tourn. cor. 20. Flowers white. Var. y, ptirvula (D. C. prod. 1. p. 19.) leaves almost sessile ; flowers blue. Native of Caucasus. Apennine Wind-flower. Fl. Mar. Apr. England. PI. \ ft. § 3. Leaflets of involucrum stalked. Trunk of roots cylindri- cal, slender and elongated, but can scarcely be called tuberous. 26 An. ceru'lea (D. C. syst. 1. p. 163.) leaves of the in- volucrum, 3-5-cleft on short stalks, with deeply-toothed segments ; sepals 4-5, oval. IJ.. H. Native of Siberia about Zmeof. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 14. Flowers blue or white. Stems 1 or 2-flowered. £/»e Wind-flower. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1826. PI. i foot. 27 An. Urale'nsis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 19.) leaves of involu- crum on short stalks, ternate ; segments linear, deeply-toothed ; sepals 5-6, oval-oblong. l/.H. Nativeof the Ural mountains. Plant small, almost the habit and size of An. coeritlea. Flowers tinged with blue. Ural Wind-flower. Fl. May. Clt. 1 824. PI. i foot. 28 An. Balde'nsis (Lin. mant. 78.) leaves biternate ; seg- ments many-parted ; lobes linear ; leaves of the involucrum on short stalks, niultifid ; sepals 8-10, oblong-oval. 1/. H. Na- tive on Mount Baldo, Alps of Austria, Tyrol, Carniola, Switzer- land, Piedmont, Dauphiny, Provence, and, according to Hooker, in North America in arid places on the eastern summits of the Rocky Mountains. All, ped. No. 1928. t. 44. f. 3. and t. 67. f. 2. ; Vill. dauph. 3. p. 723 t. 49 ; An. alpina. Scop. earn. ed. 2. No. 662. t. 26, not of Lin. An. fragifera, Murr. syst. 510 ; Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 103. Scape woolly, ascending or erect, 1- flowered. Flowers white, clothed with pressed hairs on the out- side, and rcddisli, tinged with blue. Root fusiform. (Hook.) Hooker considers this and the two preceding to be identical. 3fount-Baldo Wind-flower. Fl. May. Clt. 1798. PI. i ft. 29 An. parviflora (Mich. .fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 319.) leaves 3-parted ; lobes cuneated, trifid, and crenate at the apex ; leaves of the involucrum sessile, 3-parted, with the lobes toothed at the apex; sepals 6, oval-oblong. l/.H. Native of North Ame- rica at the mouths of the rivers and rivulets falling into Hudson's Bay ; from the Rocky Mountains to the Arctic sea in limestone tracts and barren grounds ; Labrador, and Newfoundland. An. RANUNCULACE^. VI. Anemone. 19 cuneifolia, Jiiss. ann. mus. 3. p. 2t8, t. 21. f. 1. An. tenella, Banks, herb. A. borealis, Richards, in Frankl. 1st. journ. ed. 2. p. 22. Flowers small, white ; sepals clothed with pressed hairs on the outside. Fruit woolly, acuminated, collected into a globose head. Like An. ilecapctala and palmata. Small-Jlowcrcd Wind-flower. Fl. Apr. Ju. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 ft. ,'JO An. nemorosa (Lin. spe. 7C2.) leaves ternate ; segments trifid, deeply-toothed, lanceolate acute ; leaves of involucrum stalked; sepals G, elliptical. %. H. Native throughout Eiu'ope in groves, hedges, hills, bushy .ind shady places. North America, from Canada to Carolina. Fl. dan. t. 549 ; Smith eng. bot. 353 ; Schkuhr. handb. t. 150. Colour of flower commonly white, some- times red, lilac, purple or blue, never yellow. Flowers single or double. Leaves of involucrum in threes or fives, with parted segments. In fine clear weather the blossoms are expanded and face the sun ; but in the evening and wet weather they are closed and hang down. This plant is acrid and in some degree poison- ous. Goats and sheep eat it ; but horses, cows, and swine refuse it. It is now disused in medicine ; but Chomel says, that the leaves bruised with the flowers, and applied twice a day to the head, have, in a little while, healed the Tinea ; and it is also said that a blister prepared of these, when recent, serves to remove intermittent fevers ; but it shoidd be cautiously used. I ar. /5, quinquejolia (Lin. spe. 7C9.) leaves somewhat a-parted. Native in North America, from Canada to the south of Lake Winepeg and elsewhere, and Siberia. Hardly differing from the European plant, unless that the lateral lobes of the leaves of this plant are often profoundly 2-parted ; but this is also sometimes observed in European plants. far. y,Jldre cceruleo is evidently different from An. Apennlna by its root being elongated not tuberous ; sepals 6, elliptical not 12-15, linear, oblong. Groce or Wood Wind-flower. Fl. Mar. May. Brit. PI. ^ ft. 31 A. DELToiDEA (Dougl. mss. in Hook. fl. bor. amer. 6. t. 3. A.) radical leaves ? those of the involucrum 3, sessile ovate- acuminated, deeply-serrated, never cut : stem pilose ; sepals 5-6, obovate. % . H. Native of North America, in thick shady woods on the Columbia river, near its confluence with the sea. Flowers large, solitary, white. Allied to An. iicntorosa, but the leaves of the involucre are never divided. Deltoid-leaved W^ind-flower. PI. ~ foot. 32 An. isoPYRoiDES (Jus. ami. mus. 3. p. 249. t. 20. f. 3.) leaves biternate ; segments deeply 3-toothed, somewhat cuneated ; leaves of the involucrum stalked, ternate, with the lateral segments bifid ; middle one trifid ; sepals 5, oblong. 11 . H. Native of Siberia. Flowers 1 or 2. Sepals narrow, elongated, oblong. Very like An. nemorosa. hopyrum-lihe Wind-flower. PI. 1 foot. 33 An. Fischeria'na (D. C. prod. 1. p. 20.) leaves biternate, those of the involucrum on very short stalks ; lobes elongated, acuminated ; pedicels 2, pubescent : sepals 5, elliptical. 1/ . H. Native of Siberia, near Salair. Flowers white, nearly the same as those of An. isopijroldes. Carpels villous, pubescent. Fischer's W ind-flower. PI. ^ foot. 34 An. lancifolia (Ph. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 386.) leaves all stalked, ternate ; segments lanceolate, crenate-toothed ; sepals 5, ovate-acute. 1/ . H. Native of Pennsylvania and Virguiia, on high mountains in a boggy soil. Like An. trifoUa ; but differing from it in the leaflets being lanceolate, not ovate-lanceolate, and crenate-toothed, not tridy toothed, with the flowers a little larger. .Sepals always 5, more acute. Fruit ovate. Style short, hooked. iance-Zeai-erf Wind-flower. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1823. PI. i ft. 35 An. trifolia (Lin. spe. 762.) leaves all stalked, ternate ; segments ovate-lanceolate, acute, toothed ; sepals 5, elliptical, obtuse. 1/ . H. Native of sub-mountainous groves in France, Piedmont, Carniola, Carintliia, Siberia. Stum, deutsch. fl. icon. — Mor. oxon. 2. sect. 4. t. 25. f. 1. Roots horizontal, white. Scapes 1 -flowered. Flower white, erect, of 5-6-sepals. Ovaries 20 — 25, pubescent. Stamens often beyond 100 in number. Like An. nemorosa. r/iree-Zefaci/ Wind-flower. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1597. PI. | ft. 36 An. minima (D. C. syst. 1. p. 206.) leaves of the involu- crum stalked, 3-parted ; lobes ovate, acuminated, and serrated at the top ; sepals 5, oval-oblong, obtuse. 1/ . H. Native of the Alleghany mountains, Virginia. Scape 1 -flowered. Flowers small, white ; sepals smooth. Ovaries few, pubescent. Like A. trifolia, but three times smaller. Least Wind-flower. Fl. April, May. PI. \ foot. 37 An. Commersonia'na (Richard ex. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 662.) leaves of involucrum 2, stalked opposite, and are, as well as the rest, 3-parted, with midtifid segments, all villous as well as the stem ; sepals 8. 1/ . F. Native of the Straits of Magellan. A. multifida var. y, uniflora. D. C. prod. 1. j). 21. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 17. Flowers yellowish. Commcrson's Wind-flower. PI. i foot. 38 An. ranunculoides (Lin. spe. 762.) radical leaves 3-5 parted ; segments subtrifid, deeply toothed ; those of the invo- lucrum on short stalks, 3-parted, deeply toothed ; sepals 5-6 elliptical. 1/ . H. Native of Middle and Northern Europe, in meadows and mountains, in hedges and groves ; England, near King's Langley, Herts ; and Wrotham, Kent ; near Abbot's Langley. Fl. dan. t. 140. Smith, eng. bot. 1484. Lodd. bot. cib. 556. An. liitea. Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 318. Flowers ge- nerally solitary, seldom in pairs, single or double, usually yellow, but in the Pyrenean variety purple. Lobes of involucrum usually deeply-toothed, rarely entire. C'ro?i^ooi-/(A-e Wind-flower. Fl. Mar. Apr. England. PI. 5 ft. 39 An. refle'xa (Steph. in W'illd. spec. pi. p. 1282.) leaves ternate ; segments subtrifid, toothed at apex ; those of the invo- lucrum stalked ; pedicles solitary ; sepals 6, linear obtuse, re- flexed. %. H. Native of Siberia. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 15. Flower 3-times smaller than in An. ranunculoides, vellow. iJe/tMcrf-sepalled W' ind-flower. Fl. Mar. Apr. Clt.'l 81 8. PI. i ft. 40 An. Richardsonii (Hook in Frank. 1st. journ. ed. 2. app. p. 21. fl. bor. amer. p. 6. t. 4. A.) plant somewhat pilose ; leaves kidney-shaped, 3-5 -parted ; lobes somewhat trifid and acutely toothed ; leaves of the involucrum roundish-cimeate, sessile, trifiti and toothed ; sepals 6, spreading ; carpels compressed, smooth, terminated by a long deflexed, hooked beak. % . H. Native of North America, in Hudson's Bay, and the Rocky Mountains, in barren and wet mossy ground, and of Unalaschka. An. ranuncu- loides var. Richards, in Frankl. 1st. journ. ed. 1. app. 740. An. Arctica Fisch. MSS. Flowers yellow. Richardson' s Wind-flower. PI. i foot. §4. Leajlets of involucrum stalked. Roots fascicled, fibrous. 41 An. sylve'stris (Lin. spe. 761.) leaves ternate or quinate, hairy beneath ; segments deeply-toothed at top ; those of the invo- lucrum stalked ; pedicel solitary ; sepals 6, elliptical ; fruit very hairy. % . H. Native of groves and hedges in France, north of Italy, Germany, Caucasus, Siberia, on the banks of the Oby about Barnaoul. Bull. herb. t. 59. Curt. bot. mag. 54. Schkuhr. hand, t. 150. Flower large or small, of 5 or 6 sepals, white, greenish or purplish, single or double. Receptacle of fruit, globose. Var. ft, alba minor (Bauh. pin. 176.) Native of Siberia. /nW Wind-flower. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1596. PI. | ft. 42 An. a'lba (Juss. ann. mus. 3. p. 248. t. 20. f. 1.) leaves ternate or quinate ; segments deeply-toothed at top ; those of the involucrum stalked ; pedicel solitary ; sepals 5, obovate ; fruit very hairy. 1/ . H. Native of Dauria about Tschita and Barnaoul, and in fields at the river Oby, as well as in the Crimea. Sims, bot. mag. 2167. An. Ochotensis, Fisch. hort. gorenck. 47. D 2 20 RANUNCULACE^. VI. Anemone. Differing from An. syhestris by its smaller stature, as well as in having 5 not 6 sepals shorter, rounder, and very blunt. The specimen collected in the Crimea by Dr. Clarke has its stem and petioles very villous. fFAiVe-flowered Wind-flower. Fl. June. Clt. 1820. PL i ft. Sect. V. anemonospe'rmos, (from acf^oe, anemos, the wiml, and (rircpfxa, spcrma, a seed ; application the same as Pulsatilla, which see.) D. C. syst. 1. p. 208. prod. 1. p. 21. Cariopsides somewhat compressed, tailless ; pedicels numerous, rising from the involucrum, 1 -flowered, one of which is leafless, the rest fur- nished with 2-leaved involucels. 43 An. Viiigikia"na (Lin. spe. 761.) leaves ternate ; segments trifid, acuminated, deeply-toothed ; those of the involucrum and involucels stalked; sepals 5, elliptical. 1/. H. Native of North America, in woods and on rich banks of rivers, from Ca- nada to Carolina. Hook. fl. bor. amer. 8. t. 4. B. Gaert. fruct. 1. p. .'3.57. t. 74. — Herm. par. p. 18. with a figure. An. hirsuta, Moench. meth. 105. Herb erect, tall, pubescent. Peduncles .'3-4, much elongated, middle one naked, sometimes a foot high, lateral ones bearing 2-leaved involucels ; pedicels often rising in pairs from the involucel. Flowers small, pale, yellowish green, or pale purplish ; sepals silky-pubescent on the outside. Carpels compressed, woolly, collected into an oblong head. Virgin i an \\'md-Rov.er. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1722. PL 2 ft. 44 An. multifida (Poir, suppl. 1. p. 3(54. D. C. syst. 1. p. 209.) radical leaves ternate ; segments cuneated, 3-parted mul- tifid, with linear lobes ; those of the involucrum and involucel multifid on short petioles ; sepals 5-10, elliptical, obtuse. 1/ . H. Native of the Straits of Magellan, and the Andes of Peru. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 16. Root hard, woody. Herb a hand high, erect, hairy. Peduncles 3, 1 -flowered, one of vvhicli is naked and earlier, the other two longer, and bearing 2-leaved multifid invo- lucels on their middle. Flowers small, from whitish-yellow to a citron-colour ; sepals oval-oblong, villous on the outside. Style short, hooked. 7l/«//-leaved Wind-flower. Fl.Jun. Jul. Clt. 1824. PL 4 ft. 45 An. Hudsonia'na (Richards, in Frankl. 1st. journ. ed. 2. app. p. 22.) villous ; radical leaves ternate, with many-parted segments and linear lobes ; those of the involucrum are ternately decompound on short stalks ; peduncles 2, bearing involucels ; sepals 5-8, ovate, acutish. 1/ . H. Native of North America, from Hudson's Bay to the western declivities of the Rocky Moun- tains, and several other parts of North America. An. multifida var. /3, Hudsoniana D. C. syst. 1. p. 209. prod. l.p. 21. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 17. A. multifida. Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. C. Leaves ternately divided ; segments cuneate, 3-parted, jagged ; lobes linear acute. (Hook.) Flowers, small, white, purple, yellow, or deep red. ^iook.) f'ar. ft, imijidra, stem 1- flowered. A. multifida rar. y, uni- flora, D. C. syst. 1. p. 209. . Hook, fl. bor. amer, p. 6. Far. y, sanguinea (Richards, in Frank. 1st. journ. ed. 2. app. p. 22.) flowers deep red. Native of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, from the shores of Hudson's Bay to the western declivities of the Rocky Mountains, and from the United States to near the shores of the Arctic Sea. All the varieties may be found in the last- mentioned habitats. A. multifida, var. y, sanguinea. Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 6. 7/«(/40m'4 -Bay Wind-flower. FL Ju. Jul. Clt. 1826. PL i ft. 46 An. Pennsylva'nica (Lin. mant. 247.) plant rather pilose, leaves 3-parted ; segments bipartite or trifid ; lobes lanceolate, deeply serrated ; those of the involucrum and involucels sessile ; sepals 5, elliptical, blunt ; carpels villous, compressed, marginate, ending in a long style, which is sometimes hooked at the apex. % . H. Native in North America in meadows and on the borders of rivers, from the United States to near the mouth of the Mackenzie river, and from Hudson's Bay to the Pacific, as well as on the bor- ders of fountains in Siberia. Hook. fl. lior. amer. 8. t. 3. B. An. irregularis, Lam. diet. 1. p. 167 ; An. aconitif61ia, Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 320. ; An. borealis Richards. Flowers large, white, anthers yellow. Root creeping. Var. ft, Laxmdnni (D. C. syst. 1. p. 210.) involucrum 2- leaved ; lateral pedicles involucelled at base. Perhaps a distinct species. The flower at first sight has the appearance of An. narcissijlora, but upon a more attentive examination it is seen to belong to An. Pennsylvanica. Pennsylmnian Wind-flower. Fl. My. Ju. Clt. 1766. PL IJft. 47 An. dicho'toma (Lin. amoen. 1. p. 155.) leaves 3-parted; lobes oblong, deeply toothed at top; those of the involucrum sessile, all 2-leaved ; sepals 5, elliptical ; carpels smooth. 1/ . H. Native of Siberia in moist woods and pastures ; Dauria, near Tschita ; North America, from Canada to New York. Lin. fil. decad. 29. t. 15, Root creeping. Fruit at last smooth. Flowers white with a tinge of red on the under side, smaller than those of tiie foregoing. Lobes of leaves oblong. Pedicels many, usually bifid. Like An. Pcnnsyhdnica, but differing in its sta- ture, being more slender, with a smooth surface. Perhaps the American plant is exactly the same as the Siberian one. Dr. Hooker considers this and the preceding identical, but at present we consider it most proper to keep them separate. Dichotomnus Wind-flower. FL My. Ju. Clt. 1768. PL li ft. 48 An. Mexica'na (H. B. et Kth. nov. gen. et spe. am. 5. p. 41.) leaves ternate; segments oval, somewhat cuneated, deeply toothed at the apex ; leaves of the involucrum two, sessile, deeply toothed ; sepals 5 ; ovaries pubescent. 1). . H. Native of Mexico near Santa-Rosa. Herb somewhat villous. Lateral segments of leaves usually bifid. Involucels of lateral flowers small. Flowers white, very like those oi An. Pennsyhdnica, Mexican Wind-flower. Fl. May, June. PL 1 foot. 49 An. helleborifolia (D. C. syst. 1. p. 211.) leaves pedate : segments smooth, somewhat coriaceous, stalked, cuneated, trifid ; lobes serrated, acute ; involucrum and involucels 3-leaved and almost sessile ; ovaries smooth. % . G. Native of Peru about Huassa-Huassi. Lobes of leaflets sometimes somewhat trifid, as well as those of the involucrum. Stem round, fistular. Flowers white; sepals 5-oval. Carpels 15-20, oval, smooth. Style hooked. A very shewy and distinct plant. Hcl/chore-lcaved Wind-flower. PL 1 3 foot. 50 An. vitifolia (Buch. in herb Lamb. D. C. syst. 1. p. 210.) leaves large, cordate, 5-lobed, beneath as well as the stems clothetl with while wool ; lobes broadly ovate, acute, cut and crenate ; those of the involucrum stalked, white-woolly imderneath, smooth above, bluntly cordate, 5-lobed, and are as well as involucels 3- leaved ; ovaries smooth, l/ . F. Native of Upper Nipaul at Suembu. Sepals 8, oval, oblong, villous on the outside, and purplish inside ; anthers copper-coloured. Carpels small, villous, collected into a round head. Vine-leaved Wind-flower. FL July. PL 2 foot. 51 An. rivula'ris (Buch. in herb. Lamb. D. C. syst. 1. p. 211.) leaves villous, as well as petioles, 3-parted; lobes cuneat- ed, trifid ; lobules cut, acutely toothed ; those of the involucrum 2-sessile, 3-parted ; lobes lanceolate, acute, serrated, somewhat pinnatifid at apex. 1/ . F. Native of Nipaul about Chitlong, along the banks of rivulets. Pedicels 3, one of which is naked. iSepals 5, oval, naked, white, smooth. Carpels smooth, with a revolute beak. Rivulet Wind-flower. Fl. April. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 52 A. OBTUsiLOBA (D. Don. fl. nep. p. 194.) leaves 3-lobed, cordate, and are, as well as petioles, very villous ; segments broadly cuneated, and deeply crenate ; involucrum 3-leaved, trifid ; lobes linear, oblong, rounded at the apex, toothed ; sepals 5, obovate ; carpels beaked, pilose. 11 . F. Native of Nipaul RANUNCULACE^. VI. Anemone. 21 at Gosalngstlian. Stem erect, villous. Leaves with very broad cuiieatecl, 3-lobed, deeply crenate, very blunt segments. Pedun- cles 2-3, one-flowered, villous, naked, or the lateral ones are furnished with 2 meml)ranous bracteas. Flowers cream-colour- ed, about the size of those of ^■Z. dichutoma. Blunt-lobcd Wind-flower. PI. 1 foot. 53 A. elonga'ta (D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 194.) leaves 3- parted, and are, as well as petioles, nakedish ; segments wedge- shaped, deeply lobed or toothed, connate at the base ; peduncles three, simple or trifid, pilose ; sepals 5, oval ; carpels beaked, smooth. 1/ . F. Native of Nipaul at Gosaingsthan. Flowers cream-coloured. Elongated Wind-flower. PI. 1 foot. Sect. VI. Omaloca'rpus, {ofxaKoQ, omalos, smooth ; Kaptroc, carpos, a fruit ; because the carpels are smooth) D. C. syst. 1. p. ^12. prod. 1. p. 21. Cariopsides compressed, flat, oval, orbi- cular, smooth, tailless. Pedicels ninnerous, leafless, 1 -flowered, unibelled in the involucrum. j1 An. narcissiflora (Lin. spe. 763.) radical leaves some- what villous, palniately 3-5-parted ; lobes deeply toothed ; lo- bules, linear, acute ; those of the involucrum 3-5-cleft ; flowers umbellate. 1/ . H. Native throughout the whole of the northern hemisphere in calcareous moimtain pastures, particularly in the Pyrenees, Switzerland, Caucasus, Cappadocia, and in the moun- tains of Siberia, island of Un.alaschka, on the western coast of North America and in Canada. Jacq. aust. t. 159. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1170. An. umbellata. Lam. fl. fr. ed. 11. 3. p. 322, but not of Willd. A very variable species. Stems from a hand to a cubit in height, hairy or smooth. Flowers usually cream-co- loured, sometimes purplish on the outside. Umbels generally many-flowered, but sometimes few-flowered, very rarely 1- flowered. Pedicels twice or three times longer than the involu- crum, sometimes equal in length, sometimes very short. Sepals 5 or 6, ovate or oval, blunt or acute. Lobes of leaves acute or blunt, more or less profound. far. li, fasciculata (D. C. syst. 1. p. 213.) flowers umbel- late, almost sessile, fascicled. Native of Cappadocia. Toun. cor. p. 20. voy. 2. p. 245. An. fasciculata, Lin. spe. 763, not of Vahl. Far. y, monantha (D. C. syst. 1. p. 213.) flowers solitary or in pairs. An. dubia. Bell. app. fl. ped. 232. t. 7. I'ar. 12 j)ed'icellaris (D. C. syst. 1. p. 213.) pedicels many, elongated ; radical leaves ternate. Native of Dauria and Siberia. Var. t ? fr'igida (D. C. syst. 1. p. 213.) pedicels few, elon- gated ; radical leaves smooth, parted into very narrow linear lobes. Native of Siberia. Var. f, villos'issima (D. C. prod. 1. p. 22.) flowers few, sub- sessile ; stem very villous. Native of Unalaschka. Narcissus-JiowcredVimA-^ower. Fl. My. Clt. 1773. PL 1 ft. Hb An. vmbella'ta (Willd. spec. pi. 2. p. 1284, not of Lam.) radical leaves 3-5-parted ; segments trifid, very entire, densely villous at their margins ; those of the involucrum undivided ; flowers umbellate. 1/ . H. Native of Cappadocia on moun- tains. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 18; An. fasciculata, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 74. not of Lin. Scapes clothed with very long white hairs. Leaves of involucrum 3-parted ; lobes entire. Pedicels 2-3, 1- flowered, longer than the involucrum. Sepals white, 5, oval obtuse, villous on the outside. Umbellated-^o-KereA Wind-flower. Fl. ? PI. § foot. 56 A. polya'nthes (D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 194.) leaves on long stalks, cordate, 3-parted, very villous : segments broadly cunesited, 3-lobed, and deeply-toothed ; involucre 3-leaved, 3- parted ; segments trifid or pinnatifid ; peduncles simple umbel- late ; sepals 5, obovate, and are, as well as the carpels, smooth. 1/ . H. Native of Nipaul at Gosaingsthan. Roots grumose. Peduncles 5-6, umbellate. Flowers whitish ? Like A. Nar- cisaiflora . Many-flowered Wind-flower. PI. 1 foot. 57 An. SiBiRicA (Lin. spe. 763.) leaves ternate; segments deeply-toothed, ciliated ; those of the involucrum on short stalks, tern.ate ; sepals 6, orbicular. ^.H. Native of Siberia beyond the Baikal. Lobes of leaves linear, crowded, obtuse, entire, hairy. Scapes 1 -flowered ; involucrum 3-parted, lobed, with lanceolate segments. Segments, when dry, fulvous. Ovaries smooth. Per- haps related to .In. alba. Siberian Wmd-aov/er. Fl. June. Clt. 1804. PI. | foot. Anemones not sufficiently Icnown 58 An Walte'ri (Ph. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 387.) 1/ . H. Native of Carolina. Tiialictrum Carolinianum, Walt. car. 157. Root tuberous. Stem 1-flowered, naked Leaves palmate on long stalks. Sepals 5. Very like ^/n. ^j«)ij^o/'a. /Fff/^ej-'i Wind-flower. PI. 1 foot. 59 An. PEDA'TA(Raf. Schmaltz, in Desv. jour. bot. 1808. v. 1. p. 230.) 7/.H. Native of New Jersey. Stem short, one- flowered. Leaves pedate, 5 -parted; lobes jagged; sepals 6. Pedate-\ea.\eA Wind-flower. PI. ? Doubtful Sjjecies. 60 An. Flemme'msis (Scop. ami. hist. nat. tyr. ann. 2 ex fl. aust. 2. p. 41 .) 1/ . Native of the Alps of Tyrol. Perhaps a variety oi An. alphia. Flemm Wind-flower. PL? 61 An. dodecaphy'lla (Krock. fl. feil. 2. p. 235. t. 20.) '2/. H. Native of Silesia. An. decapetala var. /J. Gmel. syst. 871. Twelve-leaved Wind-flower. PL 1 foot. Cult. All the species are shewy flowering plants well worth the cultivator's care ; they thrive best in a light loamy soil. I'hose species belonging to sections Pulsatilla, Preondntltus, Ancmonos- jiermos, and Omalocdrput, are either increased by dividing the plants at the root or by seeds : and those belonging to section Ancmondnthea are either increased by offsets from the roots or by seeds ; those of section Pulsatilloides are greenhouse evergreen herbaceous plants, and grow best in an equal mixture of sand, loam, and peat, but care must be taken not to let tliem have too much water when in a dormant state. They often produce per- fect seeds, by which young plants are readily raised : they will also strike root from cuttings, in the same kind of soil, under a hand-glass. •j- Species belonging to section Pulsatilla, which appear to be only varieties of An. i>dtens and An. pralensis. 62 A. interme'dia (Brand, in Schlecht. Linnsea, 3. p. 163, under Pulsatilla,) leaves ternate or pinnate ; segments rather coriaceous, terminal ones on long stalks, profoundly S-3-cleft ; lobes cut-serrated ; sepals elliptical or lanceolate, clothed with yellowish villi on the outside. 1/. H. Native of Saxony on hills near Dresden. Plant villous. Flowers lilac or violet, rarely blue. Like An. patens, and perhaps only a variety of it. Intermediate Pasque-flower. FL June, July. PL 1 foot. 63 A. PROPiNQUA (Br.and. L c. p. 165.) leaves pinnate, with 2 or 3 pair of multifid leaflets and an odd one ; lobes narrow, lanceolate. 1/ . H. Native of Saxony on hills near Dresden. Sepals 6, elliptical, spreading, pale violet or red, yellowish on the outside. Plant rather villous. Perhaps only a variety of An. pratensis. Related Pasque-flower. Fl. April, May. PL 1 foot. 64 An. AFFiNis (Brand, 1. c. p. 166.) leaves pinnate, with 3-4 pair of multifid leaflets and an odd one ; lobes linear cut ; pe- duncles drooping ; sepals spreading, somewhat reflexed at the apex, elliptical, obtuse. V • H. Native of Saxony in woods 22 RANUNCULACEiE. VII. Hepatica. VIII. Hydrastis. IX. Knowltonia. near Dresden. Flowers blueish or dark violet. Perhaps a variety of An. jn-atensis. ^/&rf Pasque-flower. Fl. April, May. PI. | foot. VII. HEPA'TICA (from jy^-ancoc, hepaticos, of or relating to the liver. The three lobes of the leaves have been compared to the three lobes of the liver.) Dill, giess. p. 108. t. 5. Lin. hort. chff. 223. D. C. syst. 1. p. 215. prod. 1. p. 22. Lin. syst. Polydndiia, Polygijnia. Involucruni of 3 entire leaves, in the form of a calyx, close to the flower. Calyx of G to 9 petal-like coloured sepals, disposed into two or three series. Stamens and ovaries numerous. Carpels tailless. Small peren- nial early-flowering evergreen herbs, with 3-7-lobed leaves. Scapes 1 -flowered, numerous, rising from the same root. 1 H. TKiLOBA (Chaix in Vill. dauph. 1. p. SS6.) leaves cor- date, 3-lobed; lobes quite entire, ovate, acutish; petioles and scapes rather hairy. 11 . H. Native of many parts of Europe in hedges and shady places. Anemone Hepatica, Lin. spe. 758. Oed. fl. dan. 612. Smith, eng. hot. t. 51. fl. gra;c. 513. Schk. hand. 2. t. 150. Anemone pree'cox, Sal. prod. 371. Colour of flowers usually blue ; found in gardens, but seldom if ever in the fields, with white, brown, flesh-coloured, red, purple, violet, or variegated flowers, but never yellow ; single or double. Leaves green, purplish or variegated underneath. All these varieties are designated under names in old books, but here we have thought proper to omit them. Three-lobed-\eaved or common Hepatica. Fl. Feb. April. England. PL i foot. 2 H. America'na (Ker. hot. reg. t. 3S7.) leaves cordate, 3-lobed ; lobes quite entire, roundish, obtuse ; petioles and scapes very pilose. If. . H. Native of North America on the sides of fertile and rocky hills from Canada to Carolina. H. triloba ft. D. C. syst. 1. p. 216 ; H. triloba, Ph. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 391. Var. y. Hook. Flowers red. American Hepatica. Fl. Feb. April. Clt. 1800. PI. i ft. 3 H. ANGULOSA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 217.) leaves palmately 5-lobed ; lobes serrated. % . H. Native of? formerly cultivated in the Physic garden, Paris. An. angulosa, Lam. diet. 1. p. 169. Flowers purple or blue. Sepals 8-9, elliptical, spreading. Angidar-leayed Hepatica. Fl. Feb. April. Clt ? PI. i ft. 4 H. AcuTiLOBA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 22.) leaves cordate, 3-lobed ; lobes quite entire, acute ; petioles pilose. 1/ . H. Native of North America on the Rocky Mountains and in Canada. Anemone Hepatica. var. acutilol)a, Bigl. Hook. Flowers blue. Perhaps a good species. Dr. Boott has gathered a variety of this or H. Americana with 5-cleft leaves near Boston. Acute-lobcd He^a.tica. Fl. Feb. April. Clt. 1818. PI. i ft. .5 H. iNTEGRiFOLiA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 217.) leaves ovate, quite entire : scapes and petioles very villous, 'if . F. Native of South America on the mountain Gualgayoc, at the height of 1850 fathoms. Anemone integrifolia, H. B. et Kth. nov. gen. et spe. amer. 5. p. 40. Perhaps the involucruni is 1 -leaved, and the leaflets divided to the base into 3 parts. Flower sessile, white. Sepals 8-10, linear, shorter than the involucrum. Ova- ries villous. Entire-leaved Hepatica. PI. -j foot. Cult. Hepdticas are great favourites for the flower-border, both as being evergreen in their foliage, and for their abundant early blossoms and great variety of colours and shades. A light loam or peat soil suits them best ; and they are easily increased by dividing the plants at the root, in spring. VIII. HYDRA'STIS (from icwp, hydor, water ; in reference to the humid places wherein it grows.) Lin. gen. no. 704. Juss. gen. 232. D. C. syst. 1. p. 217. prod. 1. p. 23. WarneriaMill. fig. 2. t. 285. LiN. SYST. Polyandria Polygynia, Calyx of 3 ovate sepals. (f 7. a.) Petals wanting. Stamens and ovaries numerous. Fruit baccate, numerous, collected into ahead (f. 7. b.) each terminated by the style, 1 -celled, 1 -2-seeded. Seeds somewhat egg-shaped, smooth. A small perennial herb with tuberous roots and 3-5- parted leaves. Root bitter, rather pungent and tonic, yielding a beautiful yellow dye, whence its name yellow-root. Hy. Canade'nsis (Lin. spe. 784.) 1/. H. Native of North America in watery places, in tracts along the Alleghany mountains, from Canada to Carolina ; along ^.p „ the river Ohio, and on the western parts of Virginia and Pennsylvania, in shady woods in fertile soil and among rocks. Pict. hort. par. 37. t. 17. Root with fleshy tubercles, yel- low on the inside. Stem herbaceous, simple, 1 -flowered. Lower leaves 1 or 2, stalked, upper ones almost ses- sile, all of which are 3-5-parted, with their lobes grossly toothed. Flowers white or purplish, terminal, stalked. Fruit fleshy, red, similar to those ofRubtis. Carpels ovate, acute, (fig. 7.) Canadian Yellow-Root. Fl. May, Jime. Clt. 1759. PI. 1 foot. Cult. This plant being rather difficult to increase, is rare in our gardens. It requires to be planted in a moist shady situa- tion, because if planted in a situation exposed to the sun it rarely lives through the summer. It is increased by dividing the plants at the root in spring, or by seeds. IX. KNOWLTO' NI A (named after Thomas Knowlton, once the Curator of the Botanic Garden at Eltham). Sal. prod. 372. D. C. syst. 1. p. 218. prod. 1. p. 23. LiN. SYST. Polyandria Polygynia. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5-15, with a naked claw. Stamens numerous. Ovaries nu- merous, seated on a globose receptacle. Cariopsides nimierous, 1-seeded, baccate. Styles deciduous, awnless. Evergreen pe- rennial herbs, emulating the habit of some umbelliferous plants, with biternate or triternate leaves, and umbels of greenish-yellow flowers. 1 Kn. RiciDA (Sal. prod. 372.) leaves biternate; leaflets somewhat cordate, coriaceous, smoothish, lateral ones obliquely truncate at the base, lunbel supradecompound, spreading. 1/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 850. — Com. hort. 1. p. 1. t. 1. Adonis Capensis, Lin. spec. 772: Adonis coriacea, Poir. suppl. p. 146. Anamenia coriacea. Vent, malm. l.p. 22. t. 22. Rigid KnoMtonia. Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1780. PI. 1 foot. 2 Kn. vesicato'ria (Sims, bot. mag. t. 775.) leaves biternate; Leaflets somewhat cordate, rigid, smoothish, lateral ones at base obliquely truncate ; umbel rather simple, few-flowered. l/.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.— Pluk. aim. 198. t. 95. f. 2. Ad6nis vesicatoria. Lin. fil. suppl. 272. Adonis Capensis, Lam. diet. 1. p. 46, exclusive of the synonym of Barr. Anamenia laserpitiifolia. Vent. malm. 1. p. 22. Anamenia vesi- catoria, Dum. cours. bot. cult. 4. p. 438. Adonis laserpitiifolia, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 147. Blistering Knowhonia. Fl. Feb. Apr. Clt. 1691. PI, 1 ft. 3 Kn. gracilis (D. C. syst. 1. p. 219.) leaves biternate; leaflets ovate, profoundly serrated, rigid, pilose ; scapes branched at the top ; branches erect, few-flowered. l/.G, Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 19. Adonis ./Ethi- opica. Thun. prod. cap. ? Anamenia gracilis. Vent. malm. 1 . p. 22. in obs. ; Adonis gracilis, Poir. suppl. 1, p. 147. Adonis Capensis Thunb. RANUNCULACE.E. X. Adonis. 23 Slnidci' Kno\s\toma. Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot. 4 Kn. iiiksu'ta (D. C. syst. 1. p. 200.) leaves biternate ; leaflets lanceolate, profoundly serrated, hairy ; scapes branched at the base ; branches decumbent, few-flowered, y. . G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. — Burm. afr. 115. t. 51. Ana- nienia hirsilta, Vent. malm. 22, in obs. Adonis hirsiita, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 1 17. //n»7/ Knowllonia. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 foot. 5 Kn. DAUCiFOLiA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 200.) leaves ternate ; leaflets pinnatilid ; lobes linear, acute ; umbel compound. 1/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Adonis filia, Lin. fil. suppl. 271. Adonis daucifolia. Lam. diet. 1. p. 40. Anamenia daucifolia, Vent. malm. 22. in obs. Root horizontal. Herb villous at the neck, base of stem and petioles, the rest smooth. Scapes naked, nearly two feet high. Peduncles pubescent. Carrot -leaicdKnowltonia. Fl. ? Clt. 1822. PI. 2 feet. Cull. These plants will grow freely in a mixture of loam and peat, and may either be increased by dividing the plants at the root, or by seeds, which often ripen in abundance. X. ADO' NIS (The plant which sprang from the blood of Adonis when woiuided by a boar ; in allusion to the blood-red color of the flowers of most of the amiual species.) Dill, giess. nov. gen. 109. t. 4. Lam. illust. t. 498. Gsrt. fruct. 1. p. 355. t. 74. Lin. gen. 698. Lin. syst. Polydndria Poli/gynia. Calyx of 5 pressed sepals, but they are sometimes loosened at the base. Petals from 5 to 15, with a naked claw. Stamens numerous, inserted in the base of the gonophor. Cariopsides numerous, 1 -seeded, spiked, ovate, pointed with the style. Embryo ovate. Cotyledons dis- tant. Annual or perennial herbs, with their cauline leaves pinnate-])arted into multifid lobes with innimierable linear lo- ludes. Flowers solitary, on the top of the stem or branches. Sect. L Adonia, (applied to this section on account of its containing the original or true species of Adonis.) D. C. syst. 1. p. 221 ; prod. 1. p. 23. Cariopsides acuminated with the straight style. Petals 5-10. Stamens 18-20. Roots annual. The species of this section are probably varieties of one species. 1 Ad. autumna'lis (Lin. spe. 771.) calyx smooth; petals (5-8, concave, comiiving, scarcely larger than the calyx ; carpels somewhat reticulated, crowned by very short styles, collected into an ovate head ; stems branched. 0. H. Native through- out Eiu-ope in corn-fields, and very frequently cultivated in gardens : also in Labrador. Smith, eng. bot. t. 308. Curt. fl. lond. 2. t. 37. Schkuhr. hand. 2. No. 1489. t. 152. Flower of an intense blood-red, rarely pale, globose from the concave con- niving petals, and from its form and colour is called in France Goutle de sang. Autummd Pheasant's-eye. Fl. May, Sept. Britain. PI. 1 foot. 2 Ad. fla'va (Vill. cat. strasb. 247.) calyx smooth, loosened at the base ; petals flat, oblong, double the length of the calyx ; carpels smoothish, collected into an oblong head ; stem almost simple. 0. H. Native of France in corn-fields and vineyards, and probably throughout Germany. — Weinm. phyt. t. 28. f. a. and b. exclusive of the synonyms. — Tab. icon. 790. f. 1. Stem scarcely branched. Flowers yellow, rarely flame-coloured. Pe- tals nearly linear. }c//oH' Pheasant's-eye. Fl. June, Jidy. Clt.? PI. 1 foot. 3 Ad. parviflo'ra (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 24.) calyx loosened at the base, smooth ; petals flat, oblong, length of calyx ; carpels few, collected into an ovate head, crowned by straight conical styles ; stem simple. 0. H. Native of Russia on the banks of the Rhymnus, near the salt lake Lidirio. Petals pale scarlet, when dried whitish. Small-Jiowered Pheasant's-eye. Fl. Ju. Jid. Clt. ? PI. 1 foot. 4 Ad. micra'ntiia (D. C. syst. 1. p. 222.) calyx smooth, not loosened at the base ; petals flat, olilong, a little longer than the calyx ; carpels somewhat reticulated, collected into a somewhat ovate head; stem a little branched. 0. H. Native of the south of Fiance about Toulouse, Avignon, &c. in corn-fields. Flowers small, yellow or flame. Ovaries few 7-10. Stem simple at the base, at the top usually a little branched. A doubtful species. Smull-Jian-crcd yellow Pheasant's-eye. Fl. Ju. Jul. PI. 1 foot. 5 Ad. microca'rpa (D. C. syst. 1. p. 223.) calyx smooth; petals flat, oblong, twice as long as calyx ; carpels reticulated, disposed in an oblong head ; stem almost simple. ©. H, Na- tive of Spain about Tudela in corn-fields, and of the island of Teneriflt. Calyx scarcely loosened at the base. Fruit about one half smaller and more numerous than in any other species. Flowers yellow-citron, or somewhat flame-coloured. Perhaps distinct enough from Ad. fliiva, by its stem being one half or more shorter, and more crowded with leaves. /Sma/Z-Z/OTVerf Pheasant's-eye. FL Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. PI. 4- ft. 6 Ad. ano'mala (Wallr. sched. 273.) calyx pilose on the out- side, acutish ; petals 3, oblong, flat, bluntish, spreading, with the claw of the same colour ; carpels ovate, disposed in 6 rows, crowned with the withered styles, afterwards becoming loosely and irregularly disposed into an oblong spikes ; stem branched. 0. H. Native about Halle in fields. Anomalous Pheasant's-eye. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 7 Ad. ciTRiNA (Hoftm. fl. germ. 1. p. 251.) calyx hispid at the base ; petals flat, oblong, longer than the calyx ; carpels dis- posed into an ovate-oblong head ; stem almost simple ; flowers small, almost sessile among the leaves. 0. H. Native of France, Germany, and Teneriffe, in corn- fields. Plant small. Stem erect, simple, very rarely branched. Flowers solitary, small, yellow. Cj/*o?j-coloured-flowered Pheasant's-eye. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 foot. 8 Ad. fla'mmea (Murr. syst. 514.) calyx hispid at the base ; petals flat, oblong, acute, longer than the calyx ; carpels disposed into a cylindrical head; stem branched ; flowers large, stalked. 0. H. Native of Austria in corn-fields. Jacq. fl. aust. 4. t. 355. — Besl. hort. eyst. oe st. ord. 5. t. 11. f 3. Stem smooth or pilose. Petioles pilose. Flowers flame-coloured ; sepals oblong, acute. i^/«)»e-coloured-flowered Pheasant's-eye. Fl. Jidy, August. Clt. 1800. PI. 1 foot. 9 Ad. /ESTIVa'lis (Lin. spec. 772.) calyx hispid at the base : petals, flat, oblong, obtuse, one half longer than the calyx : carpels reticulated, disposed into a loose oblong spike, beaked with the straight style ; stem almost simple. 0. H. Native of England in corn-fields ; south of France, Italy, &c. Ad. mini^ta, Jacq. fl. aust. t. 354; Ad. maculata, Wallr. sched. 270. Stem elongated. Flowers peduncled, small, of a deep crimson colour. Summer Pheasant's-eye. Fl. June, July. England. PI. 1 foot. 10 Ad. denta'ta (Del. fl. £Egyp. ill. 17, descr. eg. t. 53. f. 1.) calyx hispid at the base ; petals flat, oval-oblong, a little longer than the calyx ; carpels toothed at the base, with tubercles, netted, disposed into an elongated spike. ©. H. Native of Egypt in corn-fields and arid places. Stem striato-angular, hard, branching. Flowers on short peduncles. Far a, orientalis, (D. C. syst. 1. c.) petals yellow. Native of Egypt and the island of Cyprus. Ad. dentata, Del. fl. aegyp. ilL p. 17, descr. aegyi). t. 53. f. 1. Petals oval, yellow, with a black claw. Fruit echinately toothed at the base, with the back a little crested, disposed in slender spikes. Vur. fi, jirovincialis (D. C. syst. 1. c. prod. 1. c.) petals flame- coloured. Native of Provence between Digne and Colntars. Petals oblonrr. Fruit a little tuberculately-toothed at the base, disposed in a long spike. Too/Atd-fruiteil Pheasant's-eye. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. ? PI. 1 foot. 24 RANUNCULACEtE. X. Adonis. XI. Hamadryas. Sect. II. Consoligo, (perhaps derived from Consolido to unite, on accoinit of the plants being perennial) D. C. syst. 1. p. 224. prod. 1. p. 24. Cariopsides hooked with the recurved styles, collected into an ovate head. Petals 8-15. Stamens 25-30. Roots perennial, black, acrid, and pmgative. Flowers yellow. 11 Ad. verna'lis (Lin. spe. 771.) radical or lower leaves abortive, or reduced to somewhat sheathing scales, the middle and upper ones sessile and multifid, with very entire lobes, carpels velvety; petals 10-12, oblong, rather denticulated. 2/ . H. Native of France, Siberia, Tauria, Switzerland, and Italy, on hills and in valleys, in sunny places of mountains, flowering in the spring after the melting of the snow. Gsert. fruct. 1. p. .355. t. 74. Curt. bot. mag. 134. Schkuh. hand. No. 1490. t. 152. Ad. helleborus. Grant, aust. 2. p. 82. Ad. Apennina, Jacq. aust. t. 44. Ad vernalis a. Lam. diet. 1. p. 45. ill. t. 498. f. 3. Var. /3, MentzeUi (D. C. syst. 1. p. 225. prod. 1. p. 25.) Ad. Apennina, Lin. spe. 772. Ad vernahs /3. Lam. diet. 1. p. 45. — Mentz pug. t. 3. f. 1. Var. y, SiLirica (Patrin. D. C. syst. et prod. 1. c.) Native of Siberia on the banks of the river Oby about Barnaoul. — Gmel. sib. p. 200. No. 43. Not differing from the European plant, unless that the flowers are a little larger. S2})mg Adonis. Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1629. PI. 1 foot. 12 Ad. VoLGE'NSis(Stev. ined. D. C. syst. i. p. 545.) radical or lower leaves abortive, or reduced to somewhat sheathing scales, middle and upper ones sessile, multifid, with the lobules toothed at their margins ; carpels somewhat velvety ; calyx pubescent on the outside; petals 10-12, oblong. 1/. H. Native of the Russian empire at the rivers Volga and Rhymnus. Deless. icon, sel. 1. t. 20. Ad. Apennina ? Pall. nov. act. petrop. vol. 10. Ad. chserophylla. Fisch. ined. An intermediate plant between Ad. vernalis and Pyrenaica, differing from the first in the stems being branched, leaves more distant, carpels much less velvety ; from the last by the lower leaves being abortive, squamiform, and with the carpels when young somewhat velvety ; difl^ering from the ^vhole in the sepals of calyx being pubescent on the outside, not smooth. Volga Moms. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 foot. 13 Ad. Ircutia'na (D. C. prod. i. p. 25.) radical leaves ? mid- dle and upper ones sessile, pinnately, many-parted with toothed lobules ; calyx very smooth ; petals obovate. 1/ . H. Nati\ e of Siberia about Irkoutsk. A species not sufficiently known. Irkoutsk Adonis. PL 1 foot. 14 Ad. SibIrica (Patrin. ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 218) plant quite smooth ; segments of leaves short, cut ; petals nu- jnerous obovate, crenulate at the apex, much longer than the calyx. "J/ . H. Native of Siberia. Siberian Adonis. Fl. April, July. PI. 1 foot. 15 Ad. Davu^rica (Rchb. icon. t. 321. Spreng. syst. app. p. 218) segments of leaves trifid, linear; petals 12, spatulate, cre- nulated at the apex, much longer than the smooth calyx. % . H. Native of Dahuria. Dahurian Adonis. PI. 1 foot. 16 Ad. viLLo'sA(Ledeb. in litt. ex Spreng. I.e.) petals 12, linear- oblong, crenulate at the apex, twice the length of pubescent calyx ; stem branched, and is, as well as the leaves, hoary villous ; segments of leaves trifid, linear, pointed. % . H. Native of Russia on Mount Imaus. This plant differs from A. Sihhica of Rchb, in being villous, as well as in the stem being branched, and the seg- ments of the leaves narrower. Villous Adonis. PI. 1 foot. 17 Ad. Pykena'ica (D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 635) radical leaves on long stalks, with trifid petioles and many-parted segments, upper ones sessile multifid, witli linear very entire lobules ; carpels smooth; petals 8-10, oblong-cuneated, entire. l/.H. Native of the Eastern Pyrenees in the valley called Eynes ; and near .flZdinburgh, in Hungary. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 21. Stem beyond a foot high and usually much branched. Radical leaves with trifid stalks not squamiform. Flowers almost sessile. Pe- dicel of fruit much elongated. Petals smaller and more obtuse than in Ad. vernalis. Fruit also smooth. Like Ad. vernalis but truly distinct. Jar. fl, minor (D. C. prod. 1. p. 25). Native of the south of the Apennines in Moimt Velino. Ad. Apennina, Schousb. in litt. not Lin. Pyrencan A.Aoms. Fl. July. Clt. 1817. PI. U foot. Cull. A genus of beautiful plants. Those species belonging to section Adonia being annual, only require to be sown in open borders ; those belonging to section Consoligo are very handsome perennial herbaceous flowering plants, very proper for the front of flower-borders ; they may be either increased by dividing the plants at the roots or by seeds. XI. HAM ADR Y AS (from afia, hama, together, Ipvoy, dryon, a forest ; habitat.) Commers. in Juss. gen. p. 232. Lin. syst. Pulydndria Polygynia. Flowers dioecious from abor- tion. Calyx of 5 or 6 sepals, (f. 8. a.) Petals 10-12, linear, long. (f. 8. i.) Male flowers with numerous short stamens, female ones with numerous ovaries and sessile stigmas. Carpels ovate, 1 -seeded. Small downy herbs with the appearance of Ranunculus. Leaves radical, palmate, stalked. Scapes 2 or 3- flowered, hardly longer than the leaves. Flowers yellow, alter- nate, sessile, collected at the top of the scape into a sort of spike. 1 Ham. Magella'nica (Lam. diet. 3. p. 67) calyx smooth, upper leaves smooth above, 3-parted ; lobes deeply parted. 1/ . H. Native of the Straits of Magellan in moim- tainous groves. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 22. Herb erect. Radical leaves 3 or 4, with the base of the petioles dilated, and smooth, the rest villous. Scapes hairy, a little longer than the leaves. Magellan Hamadryas. PI. i ft. (f. 8.) 2 Ham. tomentosa (D. C. syst. 1. p. 227) calyx tomentose ; upper leaves cobwebbed, villous, 5 or 7- cleft into oblong or subtrifid lobes. 2/ . H. Native of South America, in Statenland, on the declivities of mountains. Herb erect, tomentose. Radical leaves 2 or 3, somewhat orbicular, upper ones somewhat cordate at the base. Scapes simple, a little longer than the petioles. Flowers 2 or 3, sessile, crowded at the top of the scape. Ovaries disposed into a round head. Tomentose Hamadryas. Fl. Feb. March. PI. -j foot. Cidt. These plants w ill require to be kept in pots, in a mix- ture of sand and loam. They should be protected during winter by a frame, and may be either increased by dividing the plants at the roots or by seeds. Tribe III. RANU'NCULEiE, (plants agreeing with Ranunculus in habit and character,) D. C. syst. 1. p. 228; prod. 1. p. 25. Calyx and corolla imbricate in the bud. (f. 14. fl.) Petals fur- nished with a scale on the inside at the base (f. 9. c.) or bilabiate. Carpels 1 -seeded (f. 9. g.) dry, unopening. (f. 9. e.) Seed erect, (f. 9./.)' Leaves radical or alternate, (f. 9.) Flowers of various colors but never blue. Herbs. RANUNCULACEjE. XII. Myosuuus. XIII. Ceratocepiialus. XIV. Ranunculus. 25 XII. MYOSU'RUS (jJVQ, mijs, a mouse, and vvpa, ourii, a tall. Tlie seeds are seated upon a lon Crowfoot. Fl. Ju. Aug. Scotland. PI. | to |^ foot. 43 R. CRENA Tus (Waldst. & Kit. pi. hung. p. 119. t. 10.) leaves cordate, roundish, crenate at apex ; stem 1 -flowered ; calyx smooth ; petals 5, obcordate, crenate at apex. 2/ . H. Native in moist places on the mountains of Hungary, near the limits of perpetual snow. Like R. alpeslris, but with the scape always 1 -flowered, and the petals are furnished with a melliferous pore at their base, not witli a scale. Cra!«te-petalled Crowfoot. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. A ft. ii R. ACONiTiFOLius (Lin. mant. 79.) leaves palmate, 3-5- parted, with the partitions deeply toothed ; upper leaves sessile, cleft into linear-lanceolate lobes; stem branched, many-flowered; bracteas lanceolate serrated ; calyx pressed, smooth. 2/ . H. Native of middle Europe, in moist pastures on the higher moun- tains, particularly in Holland, Germany, Hungary, and north of Italy, Sec. This plant varies much in size, according to the places of its natural growth ; on the tops of the highest mountains it does not attain the height of three inches, but in the lower valleys it attains the height of two feet. In shady places it becomes smooth, but in dry situations it is downy. Flowers sometimes few sometimes numerous, with oblong cuneated or orbicular petals, with a linear scale at the base of each. Far. a, humiiis (D. C. syst. 1. p. 240.) radical leaves S-5- parted ; stem slender, glabrous. 1/ . H. R. aconitifolius, Lin. mant. 79. — Mor. hist. 3. p. 462. sect. 12. t. 2. f. 3. 5. Far. ft, crassicatilis (D. C. 1. c.) radical leaves 3-parted ; stem thickish, clothed with pressed hairs at the top. 2/ . H. Native of the Pyrenees in moist places by the sides of rivulets. R. heterophyllus, Lapeyr. abr. 316. but not of Smith. This variety may prove a distinct species. Jconitc-lcavcd Crowfoot. Fl. May,Ju. Clt. 1596. PI. | to 2 ft. 45 R. piATANUOLius (Lin. mant. 79. Fl. dan. t. 111.) plant tall ; radical leaves with 5-7 acuminated toothed lobes ; upper leaves sessile, cleft into linear-lanceolate lobes ; stem branched, many-flowered ; calyx pressed, smooth ; bracteas linear entire. 11 . H. Nativeof many parts of Europe on low mountains in bushy places. R. aconitifolius var. ?, platanifolius, D. C. syst. 1. p. 241. There is a variety of this with double flowers, which is very common in our gardens under the name of Double white Batche- lors' Buttons and Fair Maids of France. R. aconitifolius, ft, flore pleno. Curt. hot. mag. t. 204. Var. ft, dcalbatns, radical leaves with 7 toothed lobes, whitish on tiie under surface ; cauline leaves 3-lobed. 2/ . H. Native of the Pyrenees in the crevices of calcareous rocks. R. deal- batus Lapeyr. abr. p. 315. R. platanifolius, var. t, D.C. syst. 1. p. 241. Var. y, intermidius, plant tall ; radical leaves S-parted. % . H. Nativeof the woods ofCevennes. A. platanifolius, var. y, inter- medins, D. C. syst. 1. p. 240. Platanus-leared Crowfoot. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1596. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 46 R. TERNATUs(Thunb. fl. jap. 241.) leaves all ternate with ovate, trifid, toothed, segments ; stem rather hairy, many-flowered ; calyx reflexed. 2/ . H. Native of Japan in the island of Nipon. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 25. Very like B. aconilifoUus, var. ft. leaves all stalked of a deep green, with the upper surface pu- bescent as well as the nerves on the under surface. Flowers small, on short pedicels. Ter7iate-\eaveA Crowfoot. Fl. May, June. PI. 1 foot. 47 R. LACERUs (Bell, in act. turin. 5. p. 233. t. 8.) leaves wedge-shaped, irregularly and acutely cut; stem smooth, branched. many-flowered ; calyx pressed. If. . H. Native of the Alps of Valais, Dauphiny, Piedmont in fertile pastures but very rare. R. Pyrenas'us. var. Vill. dauph. 4. p. 733. R. Vallesiacus Sut. fl. helv. 1. p. 325. R.laciniatus. Guid. herb, valais. p. 177. This plant is considered a hybrid, between R. aconitifolius and R, Pyrence us, because the carpels in cultivated plants have always been observed to be empty. Var. ft, pallidus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 31.) flowers pale yellow, not white. R. frigidus, Schrank. hort. monac. t. 57. but not of Willd. This is a Hybrid between R. graminif alius and R. aconitifolius according to Stoflels. Tonj-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1821. PI. i to 1 ft. § 2. Flowers tvhite. Leaves undivided. 48 R. Pyren« us (Lin. Mant. 248.) leaves linear or lanceo- late, quite entire ; scapes and peduncles downy at the top. 2/ . H. Native of the highest Alps of Europe, particularly in the Py- renees near the limits of perpetual snow, common. Deless. icon, sel. 1. t. 27.— Mor. hist. 2. p. 445. sect. 4. t. 30. f. 4. ? R. am- plexicaulis, var. y, Gouan ill. 34. Var. ft, bupleurifolius (D. C. syst. 1. p. 243.) stem 1-flowered; leaves lanceolate. 2/ . H. Native of the Pyrenees in moist places in the valleys of the lower hills. R. Pyrenee'us, Jacq. misc. 1. p, 154. t. 18. f. 1. R. bupleurifolius, Lapeyr. abr. 314. R. lanceolatus. Guid. herb, valais. p. 177. Jar. y, plantagmeus (AW. pedem. no. 1445. t. 76. f. 1. but not of Pers.) stem many-flowered; leaves lanceolate. 2/ . H. Native of Piedmont. Pyrcnean Crowfoot. Fl.May, July. Clt. 1807. PI. i to 1 ft. 49 R. angistifo'lius (D. C. rapp. voy. 1. p. 74. syst. 1. p. 243.) leaves linear, or rather lanceolate, glaucous, not stem- clasping ; scapes and peduncles smooth. 2/ . H. Native of the Eastern Pyrenees about Mount Louis. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 27. R. amplexicafiLis, ft. D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 889. R. Pyrense'us, a, Lapeyr. abr. pyr. 313. exclusive of the synonyms. An intermediate plant between R. amplexicaulis and R. Pyre- 7i<:e'us, difl!ering from the first in the peduncles being smooth, not downy, with smaller flowers ; from the last in the leaves not clasping the stem, narrower. Scape 1-2 or 3-flowered. Narrow-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1822. PI. | to ^ foot. 50 R. amplexicau'lis (Lin. spec. 774.) leaves oval-lanceo- late, acuminated, clasping the stem; scapes and peduncles smooth. 2/ . H. Native of the Alps of Europe, Provence, Apennines, Pyrenees, Iceland, and on the mountains of Leon in Spain, in high moist rocky situations. Curt. bot. mag. t. 226. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 27. f. c. R. plantaginifolius, Sal. prod. 372. Leaves smooth, or with a few deciduous hairs on the edges, glaucous. Stem 3-C-flowered. Flowers snowy white, but when growing near the limits of perpetual snow they are said to be purplish, seldom double. Stem-chisping-\ea\'ed Crowfoot. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1633. PI. i; to I foot. 51 R. parnassifo Lius (Lin. spec. 774.) radical leaves stalk- ed, rather heart-shaped, ovate-roundish, cauline ones sessile, ovate-lanceolate ; peduncles hairy. 2/ . H. Native of the Alps and the Pyrenees, in the fissures of rocks contiguous to perpe- tual snow. Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 1. p. 191. t. 9. f. 3. Roem. fl. europ. fasc. 5. icon. Hoh and Rein. itin. p. 190. Curt, bot. mag. 386. R. cordatus, Guid. herb, valais. 177. Leaves somewhat coriaceous, with the foot-stalks much dilated at their base. Stem 1-6-flowered. Flowers snowy-white, sometimes purplish about the size of those of R. amplexicaulis. Var. ft, pari'ifldrus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 244.) leaves acutish ; flowers smaller, 2/.H. Nativeof the Alps of Valais. Schleicher. Flowers always white. RANUNCULACE^E. XIV. Ranunculus. 31 Paniassia-leavedCrowfoot. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt. 1709. PI. i to J ft. § 3. Flowers yellow. Leaves undivided. 52 R. GRAMiNEUs (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 549. ed. 2. p. 773.) leaves lanceolate, linear, quite entire ; stem erect, quite smooth, with fibres at the neck ; scales of petals tubular ; root fascicled. % . H. Native of France, Valais, Spain, and Portugal, in argil- laceous fields and meadows ; in Britain, in dry alpine pastures of Wales. Curt. hot. mag. t. IGl. Boiss. fl. eur. t. 380. Smith, en^l. bot. t. 2306.— Bull. herb. t. 123. Plant somewhat glau- cous, and smooth. Scape 1-3-flowered. R. amplexicaulis, Gouan. hort. monsp. 265, exclusive of the synonyms of Lin- naeus. R. graminifolius, Sal. prod. 372. I'ar. a, liticaris {!>. C. syst. 1. p. 215.) leaves linear. — Tab. icon. 51. f. 1. — Mor. hist. 2. p. 244. sect. 4. t. 30. f. 38. I'ar. ft, jihoenicijdlius (D. C. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate. — Moris, hist. 2. p. 445. sect. 4. t. 30. f 39. I'ar. y, hortensis (D. C. 1. c.) leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers double. IMor. hist. 2. p. 445. Perhaps this is nothing more than the double flowering variety of R. lingua. Grassy-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. Ap. June. Wales. PI. i to 1 foot, 53 R. LONGicAULis (Ledeb. in litt. ex. Spreng.) leaves all ner- vous, obtuse, quite entire, and smooth, radical ones oblong-lan- ceolate on long stalks, stem ones linear, half- stem-clasping ; stem tall, simple, ratlier pilose towards the top, few-flowered ; sepals adpressed, rather hairy, about equal in length to the corolla. 1^. H. Native of Russia on mount Imaus. This species dif- fers from R. gramineus, in the stem beinj; almost simple, as well as in the radical leaves being broader and stalked, and in the petals being equal in length to the corolla, not longer. Long-stemmed Crowfoot. PI. 1 foot. 54 R. BUPLEUROiDES (Brot. fl. Ills. 2. p. 305.) radical leaves ovate-lanceolate, stalked, 3-5-nerved, quite entire ; stem erect, woolly at the bottom ; scales of petals tubular ; root fascicled. %. H. Native of Portugal on hills in Beira. R. plantagineus, Pers. ench. 1. p. 102. but not of All. R. gramineus, var. /J, Bir. ren. 36. Like R. gramineus, but differing in the stems being woolly at the base, and in the leaves being ovate-lanceolate, not linear-lanceolate. Bupleurum-like. Fl. May. June. PI. -^ to 1 foot. 55 R. Li'ngua (Lin. spec. 772.) leaves lanceolate, serrated, sessile, half-stem-clasping ; stem erect, smooth ; root creeping. %. H. Native throughout the whole of Europe, Siberia, and North America, from Pemisylvania to Virginia, in marshes, foun- tains, and bogs. Smith, engl. bot. t. 100. R. palustris. — Weinm. phyt. t. 846. f. c. R. longifolius. Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 189. Great Spear-wort. Pet. engl. herb. t. 39. f. 5. Like R. fliimmula, but larger in all its parts, and more rigid. Leaves entire, or tooth- ed. Flowers sometimes double. Var. /3, grdc'ilis (Schlecht. anim. ran. p. 1 7.) stem slender ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers small. Var.y, laciniatus (Schlecht. anim. ran. p. 17.) leaves jagged. Tongue-\ea.\ei!i Crowfoot, or Great Spear-wort. Fl. May, Aug. Britain. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 56 R. Fla'mmula (Lin. spec. 772.) leaves smooth, linear- lanceolate, or somewhat ovate, almost entire, lower ones stalked ; stem declinate, solid, throwing out roots at the joints ; peduncles opposite the leaves ; carpels smooth. % . H. Native through- out the whole of Europe, North Asia, North Africa, and North America, in wet and boggy places. Smith, eng. bot. 117. Curt, fl. lond. t. 37. fl. dan. t. 572. Bull, herb. t. 12. Small Spear-wort. Pet. eng. herb. t. 39. f. 6. Differing from R. lingua in the stems being declinate, not erect, and rooting at the joints ; solid, not fistular, from R. reptans in throwing out roots only at the lower joints of the stem. Flowers sometimes semi-double. Dr. Withering recommends the distilled water as an instan- taneous emetic in cases of poison. He does not mention the dose. Ligiitfoot says the bruised leaves of this plant are used in many parts of tlie Highlands of Scotland, particularly in the isle of .Skye and other places upon the coast, for the purpose of rais- ing blisters. It is applied in one or more limpet shells to the part where the blisters are to be raised. Var. ji, scrrcilus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 247.) leaves all serrated. If. H. Not so common as the first. — Mor. hist. 2. p. 442. sect. 4.t. 29. f. 35. Jar. y,ovc)tus (D. C. I.e.) leaves all ovate and stalked. ■2(..H. Very rare. R. ovatus, Pers. ench. 2. p. 102. Var. S, arendrius (D. C. 1. c.) radical leaves ovate-lanceolate, stiff, cauline ones linear. "11 . H. Native in sandy wet places about Bayonne. R. flammuloides of Rafin, is hardly distinct from this variety. R. lanceolatus, Pall. herb. Jar. c, inlermedius (Hook. fl. bor. amcr. p. 11.) stem creep- ing, slender ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, upper ones linear, quite entire. %. H. Native of the gravelly banks of rivers from Canada to Lat. 69. and Newfoundland. Flame Crowfoot or Lesser Spear-wort. Fl. June, Sep. Britain. PI. i to 1 foot. 57 R. re'ptans (Lin. spec. 773.) leaves linear, entire, smooth ; stem creeping, and rooting at every joint ; carpels smooth. %. H. Native of Switzerland, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Nor- way, Russia near Petersburgh on the banks of the river Neva, Siberia, and China near Pekin ; in sandy wet places on the bor- ders of lakes and rivers ; in Britain, on the margins of alpine lakes. Lin. fl. lapp, 236. t. 3. f. 5. Fl. dan. t. 108. Light, fl. scot. f. in title. R. flammula, var. c. Smith, engl. fl. 3. p. 45. This plant is supposed to be a variety of R. Jldmmula, merely arising from the nature of the places where it grows wild, never- theless it differs in the stems being filiform and rooting at every joint, as well as in the linear leaves, and much smaller flowers. Tar. ft, filij'ormis (Mx. fl. bor.'amer. 1. p. 320.) leaves linear awl-shaped, obtuse ; stems rooting at every joint. If. H. Na- tive of North America, in inundated places along the gravelly banks of the rivers, from Canada to Lat. 69, Hudson's Bay and Labrador. Pursh. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 392. ? R. flammula, y, fili- formis, Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 11. Crcqimg Crowfoot or Spear-wort. Fl. Ju. Sep. Brit. Pl.J^ft. 58 R. na'tans (N. E. herb. Lamb.) plant floating; leaves on long stalks, which sheath the stem at their base, lanceolate, en- tire, or a little toothed, sometimes bifid ; petals blunt, longer than the stamens and sepals, i;. W. H. Native of Mexico. Flowers axillary and terminal, small, yellow. Allied to R. Jldmmula. Floating Crowfoot. PI. flt. 59 R. pusiLLUs (Poir. diet. 6. p. 99.) leaves all on long stalks, with the lov>er ones ovate, a little toothed, and with the upper ones linear-lanceolate ; stems many, erect ; pedicels oppo- site the leaves; petals length of calyx. %.. H. Native of Carolina on the margins of fountains, and in low watery places on heaths. R. flammula, Walt. fl. carol. 158. R. hiimilis, Pers. ench. 2. p. 102. Like R. Jldmmula, but differing in the roots being fibrous, and in the foot-stalk being 6-times longer than the leaf, as well as in the flowers being 3-times smaller ; carpels ovate, compressed, granular. Small Crowfoot. Fl. June, Aug. PI. \ foot. 60 R. roLYPiiY'LLus (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1331.) leaves very numerous on tlie stem, collected in whorles, emersed ones stalked, ovate, rather 3-lobed , immersed ones rather filiform. 0. H. W. Native of Hungary in bogs and in water. Hayne, term. bot. t. 28. f 3. Waldst. and Kit. hung. 1. p. 44. t. 45. Stem branched at the top, many-flowered. Flowers having either 5-petals or 3-petals. Perhaps a species of Casalia. 32 RANUNCULACE/E. XIV. Ranunculus. Mimy-lcavcd Crowfoot. Fl. May, June. PI. At. 61 R. pulche'llus (Ledeb. in litt. ex. Spreng.) radical leaves ovate, acute, a little 3-toollied at the apex, on long petioles, cauline ones linear,"steni-clasping, cut, upper ones 3-parted ; stem simple, few-flowered ; sepals much smaller than the corolla, and are villous as well as the peduncles. % . H. Native of Dahuria on Mount Imaus. Neat Crowfoot. PI. 1 foot. C2 R. SALSUGiNOsus (Pall. itin. ed. 3rd. vol. 3. p. 173.) radical leaves stalked, oval, or somewhat cordate, 3-5-toothed at the apex ; scapes naked, 1-flowered, erect; petals oblong, cuneated, longer than the calyx. i;. H. Native of the Russian empire, especially in Siberia and Dahuria not far from Mount Odon- Tchelon, in salt marshes. Root fascicled, fibrous, emitting from the neck numerous filiform creeping flagellse. Flowers about the size of those of R. lamigindsiis. Carpels ovate, oblong, longitu- dinally striped, awned, with the short straight styles. ^«//-)H«;-.s/( Crowfoot. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1822. PI. i foot. 63 R. iiYDROPHiLus (Gaudich. ex. Spreng. syst. app. p. 219.) stem creeping, floating; radical leaves orbicular- ovate, on very long petioles ; peduncles 1-flowered. i; . H. W. Native of the Falkland islands. Water-loving Crowfoot. PI. § foot. 64 R. cYMBALARi* (D. C. syst. 1. p. 252.) radical leaves stalked, smooth, ovate-orbicular, rather fleshy, deeply crenated ; scapes 1-3-flowered, ascending, emitting flagellfe from the neck ; petals linear, length of calyx. %. H. Native of Siberia about the Baikal abundant, and at the rivers Jenisee and Oby, as well as about Barnaoul, in salt-marshes. R. nanus, Fisch. in litt. — Amman, Ruth. 8I.no. 107. t. 13. f. 2. Like R. sahiighiosus, but difft;rs in its much smaller size, and in the leaves being more orbicular, and crenated all round the margin, as well as in the petals being linear, not oblong-cuneated. Far. /3, Americanus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 252.) R. cymbalaria;, Pursh. fl. bor. am. 2. p. 092. Smith, in Rees, cyclop, i; . H. Native in Salem, Massachusetts ; marshes near the salt works of Onondago, New York, and from Canada to near the Arctic sea, and from Hudson's Bay to the summits of the Rocky Mountains in marshy and shady places. The flowers of this plant are said to be sometimes white, and heads of carpels oblong, otlierwise it is hardly distinguishable from the Siberian plant. Var. y, alphms (Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 11.) plant smaller; leaves 3-toothed at the apex; scape 1-flowered. Native of the Rocky Mountains, North America. £onNshaped-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. Pl.ift. G5 R. HALOPHiLUs (Schlecht. anim. ran. p. 23. t. 4. f. 1.) radical leaves stalked, smooth, rather fleshy, cuneated, 3-toothed at the apex ; runners rising from the neck of the stem ; scapes 1-flowered, almost twice as long as the petioles ; petals obovate, cuneated, longer than the calyx. %. H. Native of Siberia. A very small smooth plant. Calyx 5-sepalled; corolla 5-petal- led. Carpels terminated by a hooked beak, disposed in an ovate head. Salt-loving Crowfoot. PI. 2 inches. 66 R. Java'nicus (Blum. bijd. ex. Spreng. syst. app. p. 218.) leaves alt stalked, cordate-ovate, crenate, upper ones lanceolate or trifid ; peduncles opposite the leaves, 1-flowered; petals twice as long as the calyx. 1^. S. Native of Java. Java Crowfoot. PI. i foot. 67 R. fonta'nus (Presl. ex. Spreng. syst. app. p. 218.) stem ascending, fistular ; leaves toothed, lower ones stalked, cordate- ovate, blunt ; upper ones linear-oblong, tapering into the petiole ; peduncles opposite the leaves ; petals longer than the calyx. ■2(:.H. W. Native of Sicily. Fountain Crowfoot. PI. ^ foot. 68 R. tridenta'tus(H. B. et Kth. nov. gen. et spec. amer. 5. p. 42.) radical leaves stalked, smooth, somewhat fleshy, ovate, 3-toothed at the apex ; scapes 1-2-flowered, smooth, length of petioles ; petals linear, longer than the calyx. It . S. J'ar. a, viajor (H. B. 1. c.) %• S. Native of Mexico, near Carpio. R. stoloniferus. Lamb. herb. far. ft, minor (H. B. 1. c.) i; . S. Native of Latacunga. Furnished with creeping flagilla?, but sometimes without. 7'/irec-tootlied-]ea\ed Crowfoot. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ foot, 69 R. nubi'genus (H. B. and Kth. nov. gen. and spec. amer. 5. p. 42.) radical leaves stalked, almost orbicular, 7-toothed, smooth, rather fleshy ; scape almost naked, generally 2-flowered, pubescent at the top ; bracteas linear, somewhat 3-toothed. %. F. Native of Peru, on Mount Antisana. A very small and very smooth herb, with very small flowers, and a pressed calyx. Cloud Crowfoot. PI. 1 inch. 70 R. BREViscAPUs (D. C. syst. 1. p. 253.) radical leaves stalked, orbicular, cordate, 3-5-cleft; scapes 1-flowered, shorter than the foot-stalks, emitting flagellaj from the neck. Tf.. F. Native of Peru. Flowers small, with pressed calyxes and obtuse petals. This plant is poisonous to animals, and is therefore called Cenlella, according to Dombey, Short-scaj)ed Crowfoot. PI. \ foot. 71 R. Pallasii (Schlecht. anim. ran. 1. t. 2.) stem creeping, fistulous ; leaves all stalked, oval or obovate, cuneated, 3- parted ; calyx 3-sepalled ; flowers 8-petalled ; carpels thick, ovate smooth, beaked, disposed into a round head. % . H. Native of North America, on the western coast, in marshy places ; beyond Behring's Straits, in the bays of Esclischoltz and Good Hope, and in the little island St. George, to the north of the Aleuti.an Lslands. Habit of R.jlammula, quite smooth. Pallas s Crowfoot. PL 2 foot. § 4. Flowers yellow. Leaves dissected. 72 R. AURicoMus (Lin. spec. 775.) leaves smooth, radical ones stalked, cordate, generally 3-parted, or 3-lobed, stem ones divided to the base, into linear, entire, or toothed lobes, calyx pubescent, shorter than the pet.als. %. H. Native of most parts of Europe, also of Siberia, Caucasus, Japan, and Pennsyl- vania, in dry woods, bushy, .and shady places. Plentiful in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 624. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 2. t. 41. Fl. dan. t. 665. Stem branched, m.-my-flowered. Calyx coloured, assuming the aspect of petals ; hence its specific name auricomiis, with a pore at the base of each. This species having no acri- mony has been termed dulcis, or sweet-wood Crowfoot. The great and constant diversity in the leaves, especially the narrow linear shape of the upper ones distinguish it readily. Var. fi, procerior (D. C. syst. 1. p. 267.) %. H. Native of Hungary. R. Cassubicus, Geners. clench, scepus. ex. Wahlenb. Var. y, ap'etala (D. C. prod. 1. p. 34.) petals wanting ; calyx coloured, assuming the aspect of petals. %. H. Native of Thuringia. Golden-haired Crowfoot, or Goldilocks. Fl. April, May. Britain. PI. I foot. 73 R. Cassu'bicus (Lin. spec. 775.) leaves smooth, radical ones stalked, kidney-shaped, crenated, stem ones divided into linear serrated lobes ; calyx pubescent, shorter than the petals. %. H. Native of Prussia, Russia, and Siberia in moist mea- dows. Sims, bot. mag. 2267. R. reniformis, Gilib. in ust. del. 2. p. 240. R. auricomus, var. /3, Bir. ren. p. 39. Very like R. auricomus, but differing in the radical leaves being cre- nated, not lobed, and in the lobes of the upperleaves being always serrated. C assubian Crowiooi. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1794. PI. ^J foot. 74 R. ABORTivus (Lin. spec. 776.) leaves smooth, radical ones stalked, cordate, orbicular, crenated, some 3-parted, stem ones divided into 3-5 oblong linear lobes ; calyx smooth, rather longer RANUNCULACE^. XIV. Ranunculus. 33 tluin the petals. 11 . H. Native of Nortli America in wet places on the sides of ponds and ditches, from New York to Carolina ; on the declivities of the Rocky Monntains ; Nowfoundland. R. auricomus. Var. c. Bir. ren. p. 39. Flowers small. I'ar. /3, n'uidus (Walt. fl. car. p. 159.) %. H. Native in most meadows about New York, and in muddy places on the side of rivulets about Wilmington. Plant larger. Peduncles more elongated. Calyx pilose, more spreading. Abortive Crowfoot. Fl. xMay, Aug. Clt. 1713. PI. 1 ft. 75 R. RiioMBOiDES (Goldie in edinb. phil. journ. 6. p. 329. t. 11. f. 1.) plant hairy-pubescent; radical leaves rhomboid, ser- rated, or entire, cauline ones palmate, floral ones profoundly jagged; calyx spreading, pilose. %. H. Native of North America, common in the western parts of Canada, at Lake Sim- coe, Upper Canada. R. ovalifolius. herb. Lamb. Rhomb-\ea\'cA Crowfoot. PI. \ foot. 76 R. glabe'rrimus (Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 12. t. 5. A.) leaves all st.alked, radical ones roundish, quite entire, or coarsely 3-toothcd, cauline ones somewhat cuneated, trifid ; calyx spread- ing, one half shorter than the petals ; heads of carpels globose, It'H. Native of North America, common on the mountains round the Kettle Falls and on the Rocky Mountains near the limits of perpetual snow. Plant quite smooth. Petals 5, oval, yellow. /ery smooth Crowfoot. PI. - foot. 77 R. cardiophy'llus (Hook, fl. bor. amer. 14. t. 5. B.) plant pubescent, hairy ; radical leaves roundish-cordate, crenate, and m\dtifid, cauline ones palmatcly multifid ; lobes linear deeply crenate ; calyx spreading one h.ilf siiorter than the corolla ; heads of carpels oblong. 1|:.H. Native of North America in alpine prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Flowers large, golden. Car- pels roundish, small, compressed, terminated by longish, hooked beaks. Heart-leaved Crowfoot. PI. 1 foot. 78 R. angula'tus (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 219.) stem 1 ranched, clothed with close-pressed hairs ; radical leaves on long stalks, cordate-roundish, angular-lobed, toothed, stem ones 3-parted, deeply toothed ; carpels beaked, quite smooth. l^.H. Native of Sicily. AnguJar-\e:3.\eA Crowfoot. PI. 1 foot. 79 R. scelera'ius (Lin. spec, 770.) leaves smooth, radical ones stalked, 3-parted, with 3-lobed lobes, and bluntly toothed ; upper leaves 3-parted, with oblong linear entire lobes ; floral leaves oblong : calyx smooth ; carpels small collected into an oblong spike. ©. H. M. Native throughout Europe, also in .Siberia, Cochin China, Nipanl, North of Africa, and North Ame- rica, in watery places. Smith eng. bot. t. 6S1. Curt. fl. lond. 2. t. 42. Fl. dan. t. 571. R. digitatus Gilib. exerc. phyt. t. 373. Hecatonia palustris. Lour. fl. cochin. 371. Stem branched, hollow. Flowers smlal. The bruised herb is said to raise a blister, which is not easily healed, and by which strolling beggars sometimes excite compassion. When chewed it inflames the tongue, and when taken into the stomach, it produces violent effects. It is suspected to have proved poisonous to sheep. It is one of the most virident of our native plants. The distilled water of this species is intensely acrimonious, and wlien cold de- posits crystals, which are scarcely soluble in any menstruum, and are of an inflammable nature. The acrimony of the herb being wholly expelled in decoction, accordingly the shepherds in Wal- lachia boil and eat it. Var. ft, iimbellntus (Roxb. in Willd. enum. 588.) spikes of carpels more oblong. ©. H. M. Gathered by Dr. Roxburgh in the Botanic Garden of Calcutta. J'ar. y, minimus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 2G8.) stem dwarf; radical leaves trifid. ©. H. W. Native of Tauria. //(/W/k/ or Water Crowfoot. Fl. Ju. Aug. Brit. PI. -» to 2 ft. 80 R. ova'lis (Rafin. in journ. bot. l'814. vol. 2. p. 268.) VOL. I. PART I. Hook fl. bor. amer. 13. t. 6. B.) pubescent; radical leaves stalked, cordate, ovate, crenated, rarely cleft, pilose, stem ones sessile, digitate, with linear, pilose segments ; stem erect, spreading, branched, pilose ; carpels turgid, obovate, smooth, scarcely beaked, c )llected into a round head. % . H. Native of North America in alpine prairies on the Rocky Mountains, and about Carlton House. Peduncles lengthening, when in fruit, to 3 inches, striated, swelling upwards. Calyx reflexed, pubescent ; equal in length to the corolla. Oc«/-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May,Ju. Clt. 1826. PI. | ft. 81 R. inund.Otus (R. Br. prod. nov. holl. 2. ined.) leaves smooth, radical ones stalked, 5-parted, with trifid lobes and linear lobides which are 3-toothed at the top ; stem erect, 2-4-flowered, almost naked ; peduncles opposite the leaves ; calyx smootli, rounded. 0. H. Native of New South Wales at Williams' river. Herb smooth, erect, slender. Flowers small. Sepals with membranous margins. Inundated Crowfoot. Fl. June, Aug. PI. ? 82 R. Pu'rshii (Hook fl. bor. amer. p. 15. t. 7. B.) submersed leaves, capillary-multifid ; emersed ones kidney-shaped, 3-5- parted with variously cut lobes ; stem elongated, floating ; sepals reflexed, twice shorter than the corolla; carpels terminated by the ensiform straight styles ; heads rather globose, i;. H. W. Native of North America throughout the eastern and prairie dis- tricts to near the Arctic sea, upper Louisiana, &-c. Never ob- served floating in deep water, but sometimes spreading over the surface of sphagnous bogs, more generally creeping on mud in very sheltered pools of water, in shady places. Flowers yellow. This aquatic plant has a very similar habit with R. aqudtilis, and, like it, varies exceedingly in the length of the stems and the shape of the leaves, according to its situation in deep or shallow water, in more or less flowing streams, and on the almost dry mud. Var. a, mult/Jidiis (Ph. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 736.) leaves all capillary-multifid ; flowers larger; stem fistulous. A, fluviatilis. Bigel. fl. host. ed. 2. p. 228. Var.' ft, Hookeri; submersed leaves capillary-multifid, floating ones kidney-shaped, palmately-multifid. l/.H. W. Native of lakes and marshes about Slave Lake, Cumberland House. Hook fl. bor. amer. p. 15. t. 7. B. f 1. Var. y, repens (Hook fl. bor. amer. p. 15. t. 7. B. f. 2 ) lower leaves linear-many-parted, upper ones kidney-shaped, palmately- multifid. Found along with the preceding variety. A. Piirshii Richards in Frankl. journ. ed. 2. app. p. 23. J'ar. r>, Gmclhii (D. C. prod. 1. p. 35.) plant creeping, leaves all kidney-shaped, roundish, p.almate, 3-5-lobed. Native about Bear Lake, and in the Bay of Eschscholtz on the western shore of extreme Arctic America and of Siberia. Hook fl. bor. amer. p. 15. t. 7. B. f. 3. R Gmelini, D. C. prod. i. p. 34, exclusive of the synonym of Schlecht. R. Langsdorfii. D. C. prod. 1. p. 34. — Gmel. sib. 4. t. 83. B. R. Sibiricus, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 652. Pursh's Crowfoot. Fl. June, Aug. PL flt. and creeping. 83 R. rivularis (Banks and Soland. :MSS. D. C. syst. 1. p. 270.) leaves smooth on long stalks, 3-parted with wedge- shaped cut partitions ; stems floating, reptant ; peduncles oppo- site the leaves 1 -flowered, i^etals lanceolate, remote. ©. G. Native of New Zealand in rivulets. A smooth, slender, creeping or floating herb. Carpels awned. Rivulet Crowfoot. PI. flt. 84 R. acau'lis (Banks and Sol. MSS. D. C. syst. 1. p. 270.) leaves smooth, radical ones on long stalks, 3-parted, with oval very entire lobes ; scape 1 -flowered, naked, shorter than the leaf- stalks ; cilyx spreading ; petals lanceolate, remote, erect. ©. "2/ . G. i Nati've of New Zealand in watery places near Opuragi. Plant resembling TrifoUum unijiorum. Petals with long claws. Perhaps only a variety oi R, rivularis. M RANUNCULACEiE. XIV. Ranunculus. Stemless Crowfoot. PI. 2 inches. 85 R. CoLLiNUS (R. Br. prod. fl. nov. holl. ined. D. C. syst. l.p. 271.) leaves all radical, pubescent, stalked, ternate, with oval somewhat toothed segments; scape naked, 1 -flowered, longer than the leaves ; calyx spreading ; petals stipitate, oyal- oblong. 0.? H. Native of Van Dieman's Land, on hills. Scapes 1 or 2 rising from the root, erect, slender, twice as long as leaves. Flowers small. Calyx soon falling oft'. Ovaries few, smooth. Hill Crowfoot. Fl. July. PI. i foot. 86 R. PUMiLio (R.Br. prod. fl. nov. holl. ined. D. C. syst. 1. p. 271.) leaves rather villous, 3-parted, with oblong trifid or en- tire lobes ; stems erectish ; pedicels opposite the leaves ; carpels villous. ©. H. Native of Van Dieman's Land. A small many-stemmed herb with very small flowers. Carpels 7-8, pointed. This species has a little of the habit of R. collimis, but perhaps it is more closely allied to R. luirvijlorus and its congeners. Z>n;ar/ Crowfoot. Fl. June, July. PL ^ foot. 87 R. Lapponicus (Lin. spec. 778.) leaves smooth, radical, on long stalks, 3-parted, with dilated, blunt, toothed lobes ; scape naked, 1 -flowered, longer than the leaves ; calyx of three re- flexed sepals. 1/ . H. Native of Lapland, Sweden, and Ice- land, in moist, shady places; in North America in mossy woods in the eastern and central districts, from latitude 50° to the Arctic sea, eastern declivity of the Rocky Moimtains in swamps. Whale Island in the Arctic sea, &-c. Smith in fl. lapp. ed. 2. p. lO^. t. 3. f. 4. Wahl. fl. lapp. 284. t. 8. f. 2. Lin. fl. lapp. no. 231. t. 3. f. 4. Habit almost of Adoxa. Petals ^-Q, hardly longer than the calyx. Carpels C-10, terminated by the hooked styles, col- lected into a round head. The scape is sometimes furnished with one leaf. LaplMid Crowfoot. PI. \ to \ foot. 88 R. HYPERBOREUS (Rottb. act. hafn. 10. p. 458. t. 4. f. IC.) leaves smooth, stalked, trifid ; lobes oblong, divaricating, with the lateral ones trifid or bifid and middle one entire ; sheath of leaf 2-eared at the base ; carpels margined on the back, tipped with a small inconspicuous point; stem filiform, creeping. 1/ . H. Native of Iceland, Greenland, Norway, Siberia, Lapland, North America in marshes on the Rocky Moimtains, Arctic Islands, &c. Fl. dan. t. 331. R. Ammani Gun. fl. norv. no. 826. exclusive of synonyms. R. montanus, var. a, Bir. ren. 39. R. Gmelini Schlecht. anim. ran. sect. 2. p. 35. — Gmel. sib. 4. t. 3S. f. b. Like R. Cymbalarice, but from it easily distinguished by its trifid leaves. Northern Crowfoot. Fl. Ap. May. Clt. 1 820. PI. i to i ft. 89 R. PYGMjj'us (Wahl. fl. lapp. no. 286. t. 8. f. 1.) leaves smooth, 3-5-cleft, radical ones stalked, cauline one sessile ; stem 1 -flowered ; calyx smooth somewhat reflexed, longer than the petals ; carpels roundish, pointed with the short hooked styles. 1/ . H. Native of the Alps of Norway, Lapland, in irrigated places near rivulets under the rocks ; North America in moist grassy places on the high parts of the Rocky Mountains, about Arctic sea coast, between long. 107° and 140°, about Beh- ring's Straits ; on Chamisso's Island, and on that of St. Law- rence ; Spitzbergen and Labrador. Wahl. fl. lapp. no. 286. t. 8. f. 1. Mart, spitzb. cap. 3. t. 9. f. e. Lin. fl. lapp. no. 232. var. y, t. 3. f. 3. Rchb. icon. hot. t. 2. f. 3, 4, 5. A very small plant with the appearance of Saxtfraga rivularis. Pygmy Crowfoot. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1810. PI. i ft. 90 R. niva'lis (Gun. norv. 627.) leaves smooth, radical ones kidney-shaped, stalked, 5-cleft, with entire ovate lobes, cauline leaves almost sessile, palmate ; stem 1 -flowered ; calyx hairy, one half shorter than the obovate blunt petals. 1/. H. Native of Lapland, Norway, Iceland ; North America on lofty parts of the Rocky Mountains, Copper Mountains and Arctic sea coast in muddy pools which become dry during summer, Behring's Straits, Kotzebue's Sound, Spitzbergen, &c. — Mart, spitzb. cap. 3. t. 1. f. d. Lin. fl. lapp, ed. 1. no. 232. t. 3. f. 2. Radical leaves rising after the flower. Stem villous under the flower, and furnished with two or three oval-oblong sessile cut or toothed leaves. Calyx spreading. Carpels beaked. Flowers pale yellow. Var. ft, suljj/iiircus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 273.) radical leaves cuneated at the base, hardly lobed to the middle, middle lobe half ovate, broadest at the base. Phips. voy. 202. R. nivalis ft, Wahl. fl. lapp. 157. R. primus. Mart, spitz, t. 6. f. c. ^'»ow Crowfoot. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1775. PI. |- ft. 91 R. Sabinii (R. Br. in apji. to Capt. Parry's 1st voy. p. 265.) leaves 3-parted, radical ones on long petioles ; segments elliptical, lateral ones semibifid ; stem leaves sessile, linear, 3- parted ; calyx hairy, about equal in length to the retuse petals. 2/ . H. Native of Melville Island, shores of the Arctic .Sea between the Mackenzie and Coppermine rivers. Sabine's Crowfoot. PI. \ foot. 92 R. a'rcticus (Richards in Frankl. Istjourn. ed. 1. app. p. 741.) leaves cpiite smooth, radical ones on long stalks, hastate, 3-parted ; segments 3-4-cleft, obtuse ; stem leaves linear-parted; stem simple, 1 -flowered; calyx viUous, reflexed, shorter than the petals which are very blunt. 1/ . H. Native of North America in the Arctic regions. Hooker considers this identical with R. affinis. Arctic Crowfoot. PI. ^ foot. 93 R. FRiGiDus (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1312.) leaves smooth, ra- dical ones cimeated, obovate or orbicular deeply toothed at the apex, cauline ones divided into 5 or 7 entire lobes ; stem 1- flowered ; calyx hairy, shorter than the emarginate petals. 1/ . H. Native of Northern Asia on mountains as well as on the Altaian mountains in Siberia near springs. R. sulphClreus, D. C. syst. 1. p. 274. exclusive of the synonyms of Mart, and Wahl. R. Altai- cus. Laxm. nov. comm. Goett. acad. petrop. 1774. vol. 18. p. 533. t. 8. Like R. glaciaiis and R. nii-alis. Frigid Crowfoot. Fl. May, July. PI. i foot. 94 R. EscHSCHOLZii (Schlecht. anim. ran. 2. p. 16. 1. 1.) leaves ciliated, radical ones stalked, 3-parted, with the partitions lobed ; stem usually 2-flowered ; calyx hairy, shorter than the petals ; carpels obliquely ovate, pointed. l/.H. Native of the islands of Unalaschka and St. George, N. W. America ; near the limits of perpetual snow on the borders of streams upon the Rocky Mountains. Var. ft, Hoolceri, petals small or abortive. Eschscholz's Crowfoot. PI. 4 foot. 95 R. Peruvianus (Pers. ench. 2. p. 103.) leaves rather hairj', radical ones stalked, semiorbicular, crenated, cauline ones sessile, cleft into many linear entire lobes ; calyx very villous. l/.G. Native of Peru, in marshes on mount Antisana. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 37. Petals 5, orbicular. Carpels ovate, compres- sed, smooth. Peruvian Crowfoot. PI. i foot. 90 R. PEDUNcuLAius (Viv. app. fl. cors. in Schlecht. Lin- naea. p. 501. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 652.) radical leaves somewhat orbicular, crenate-toothed, the rest 3-parted, with the middle lobe stalked, trifid, and cut ; scape usually leafless, 1 -flowered ; calyx spreading. % . H. Native of Corsica. Plant pubescent or hairy. Peduncled Crowfoot. PL J foot. 97 R. Hu MiLis (D. Don. in herb. Lamb.) plant pilose ; radical leaves stalked, cordate, obtuse, slightly 3-lobed and crenate ; stem short ; peduncles long, radical, axillary, and terminal ; car- pels rather inflated, beaked. If.. H. Native of Mexico. Flowers small, yellow. Z))!'*??/ Crowfoot. PL 1-2 inches. 98 R. multicau'lis (D. Don. in herb. Lamb.) plant pilose ; RANUNCULACEiE. XIV. Ranunculus. 35 stems numerous, prostrate, or ascending ; radical leaves cordate- roundish, stalked, 3-lobcd ; lobes crcnate ; cauline leaves sessile, entire, opposite ; calyx reflexed, niucii shorter than the petals, which are emarginate ; carpels rather inflated, pointed ; heads ovate. %. H. Native of Mexico. Allied to B. ref.ens. Flowers middle-size, yellow. Manij-stemmed Crowfoot. PI. \ foot. 99 R. poLYRHizos (Steph. in Willd. spec. 2. p. 1321.) leaves smooth, radical ones stalked, 3-j-cleft, with ovate entire lobes ; cauline leaves sessile, cleft into many linear-entire lobes ; stem somewhat prostrate, 1-3-flowered; calyx spreading, smooth. X. H. Native of Caucasus, frequent about the colony of Sa- repta, and at the rivers Terek and Volga ; of the Caspian deserts, and the Altaian mountains. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 38. Bieb. pi. rar. ross. 1. t. 19. Petals obovate. Carpels smooth, awned. Many-rooted Crowfoot. Fl. April, May. PI. f to i foot. 100 R. DEMissus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 275.) leaves smooth, radical ones stalked, S-5-parted, with the partitions divided into linear lobes ; scape almost naked, lying on the groimd, 1-2-flowered ; calyx spreading, pubescent. "iS.. H. Native of Mount Lebanon. Trunk of root thick. Cauline leaves wanting or solitary, linear, simple or divided almost to the base into 3 linear lobes. Flowers smaller than those oi R. montcinus. Carpels somewhat orbicular, compressed, almost awnless. Low Crowfoot. PI. trailing. 101 R. PEDATiFiDUS (Smith, in Rees' cyclop, no. 72. Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 18. t. 8. B.) leaves somewhat pubescent, radical ones palmately or pedately cut into 3 or 5 linear quite entire lobes ; scapes almost naked, erect, 1 or 2-flowered ; calyx spread- ing, rather villous. If. H. Native of Siberia and North Ame- rica on the barren summits of the Rocky Mountains. Stems usually simple 1 -flowered, rarely bifid 2-flowered, with the two cauline leaves sessile. Flowers a little smaller than those of R. acris. Carpels teriTiinated by the somewhat recurved styles. Pcdatc-lcaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, June. PI. ^ to J foot. 102 R. monta'nus (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1321.) radical leaves smooth, 3-parted, orbicular, with trifid blunt segments, cauline ones sessile, 3-5-parted into linear quite entire lobes ; stem 1- flowered, clothed with pressed pubescence at the top ; calyx smoothish. IJ. . H. Native of the Alps of Austria, Switzer- land, France, and the Pyrenees in rugged meadows. R. nivalis. Scop. earn. ed. 2. no. G86. Jacq. austr. t. 2i25 and 32G. but not of Lin. R. montanus, var. f. Bir. ren. 39. This is a common species on the higher mountains of Europe, where it is often confounded with R. Vdlarsii, but differing in the stem usually bearing only two leaves, and in having an almost smooth spread- ing calyx, not villous with spreading hairs, as well as in the floral leaves being linear-entire, not as in R. Goucini, deeply- toothed. Flowers a little larger than those of/?, (icris. Stigmas beautifully revolute. P'ar. /3, temdfbVius (D. C. syst. 1. p. 276.) segments of leaves acute. % . H. Native of the Alps of Provence and Jura. R. gracilis, Schleicher, pi. helv. Mountain Crowioot. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1775. PI. J foot. 103 R. affi'nis (R. Br. Parry, voy. app. p. 265. Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 12. t. 6. A. a.) radical leaves pedately-multifid, stalked, cauline ones almost sessile ; lobes of all linear ; stem erect, 1-2-flowered, and is as well as the calyxes and ovaries pu- bescent; carpels with recurved beaks, collected into an oblong cylindrical head. %.. H. Native of North America from Canada to the Arctic sea, on the Rocky Mountains and else- where. The whole plant is somewhat hairy. Radical leaves sometimes somewhat kidney-shaped, deeply crenated. Calyx hairy, spreading, or slightly reflexed ; petals twice as large as the sepals. Var, fi, apetalus (petals somewhat shorter than the calyx or wanting ; leaves less profoimdly divided.) Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 13. t. 6. f. A. b. Native of Melville Island and shores of the Arctic sea. Far. y, subintcgrifdlhts (radical leaves roundish, almost en- tire.) Native of Melville Island and shores of the Arctic sea. (Hook.) /tllied Crowfoot. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1 826. PI. i foot. 104. R. Villa'rsii (D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 896.) leaves pubescent, radical ones almost orbicular, 3-parted, with trifid toothed acute segments ; cauline leaves sessile, 3-5-parted into linear entire lobes ; stem 1 -flowered, pubescent at the top ; calyx spreading, villous. Tf. . H. Native of the Alps of Savoy, Dau- phiny, and Provence, in rugged meadows. R. Breynianus, Crantz. austr. 2. p. 91. t. 4. f. 2. R. Lapponicus, Vill. dauph. 4. p. 743. but not of Lin. R. montanus, var. d, Bir. ren. p. 39. R. Gouani, Smith in Rees' cyclop, no. 41. R. oreophilus, Bieb. suppl. 383. A doubtful species between R. montcinus, R. acrtfi, and R. Gouilni, but differs from the first in the calyx being vil- lous, not almost smooth, and in the lobes of the radical leaves being more toothed and acute, as well as in the trunk of root being oblique and blackish, from the second in the stem being 1-flovvered, not many-flowered, as well as in the structure of its roots. VUlar's Crowfoot. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1819. PI. 4 to | ft. 105 R. INSULA Ris (Viv. app. fl. cors. in Schlecht. Linnsea, 1. p. 502.) plant hairy ; root fascicled-tuberous ; radical leaves 3-parted ; segments bifid and trifid ; stem leaves trifid, on stem- clasping petioles ; calyx spreading ; sepals ovate acute, clothed with close-pressed hairs. l^.H. Native of Corsica. Island Crowfoot. PI. 4 to | foot. 106 R. UNCiNATUs (D. Don. in herb. Lamb.) stem erect; radical leaves ? cauline ones on long stalks, 3-parted ; segments 3-lobed ; lobes toothed or lobed, acute ; floral leaves ternate ; leaflets linear-lanceolate, acute, quite entire ; peduncles slender, 1 -flowered, terminal, and lateral ; carpels kw, ending in hooked points ; heads globose. 1^ . H. Native of Mexico. Flowers small, yellow. Root fibrous. Plant smooth. Hoo/ced-carpeWed Crowfoot. PI. 1 foot. 107 R. GouA Ni (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1322.) radical leaves or- bicular, divided into 5-deeply toothed lobes, cauline ones sessile, palmately-parted into toothed lobes ; calyx somewhat villous. i;. H. Native of the Pyrenees, Alps of Dauphiny, Hungary, in meadows. R. Pyrenfe'us, Goua. ill. 33. f 1 and 2. not of Lin. R. furcatus. Berg. fl. Bass. pyr. 2. p. 406. R. montanus, var. g, Bir. ren. 40. A very distinct species from R. montanus, in its larger habit and more ample flowers. Its stature is very variable ; for instance, when growing on the tops of the higher Pyrenees it does not exceed 3 inches in height, but in lower moist situations it will grow to the height of 2 feet. Stem 1 or many-flowered. Flowers sometimes rather umbellate on short pedicels, sometimes on long pedicels. Floral leaves sometimes alternate and distant, but usually in the approximating mode of an involucre under the flower. Gouan's Crowfoot. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. § to 2 ft. 108 R. A CRis (Lin. spec. 779.) leaves pubescent or somewhat smooth, 3-5-parted ; segments trifid, jagged, those of the upper- most leaves linear and entire ; stem erect, many-flowered, cover- ed with pressed hairs ; peduncles round and even ; calyx rather villous ; carpels somewhat orbicular, compressed, with short re- curved points. li. H. Native throughout Europe; Siberia, Tauria, North America, in meadows and pastures, very common even on the loftiest mountains. Smith, eng. bot. t. 652. Curt, loud. fasc. 1. t. 39. Mart. rust. t. 30. Woods' suppl. t. 246. Bull. fr. t. 109. R. Siculus Presl. R. napellifolius, var. Crantz. austr. 2. p. 90. t. 4. f. 1. Root somewhat tuberous; lower leaves sometimes blotched, with black in the middle. Calyx F 2 36 RANUNCULACEiE. XIV. Ranunculus. spreading. This plant is very acrid and dangerous. Curtis says, that even pulling up the plant, and carrying it to some little distance, has produced a considerable inflammation in the palm of the liand : that cattle in general will not eat it ; yet that some- times when tliey are turned hungry into a new field of grass, or have but a small spot to range in, they will feed on it, and hence their mouths haye become sore and blistered. According to Linnaus, sheep and goats eat it ; but kine, horses, and swine refuse it. When made into hay it loses its acrid quality, but then it seems to be too stalky and hard to afford much nourish- ment ; if it be of any use it must be to correct by its warmth the insipidity of grasses. It is called vulgarly huttcr-Jlowcr, or butler- mp, as well as R. rcpcns and R. bulbhsus, vmder a notion that the yellow colour of butter is owing to these plants. It is rich- ness of the pasture that communicates this colour and not these flowers, which the cattle seldom eat. Var. /3, multiplex (flowers double). If. . H. Curt. hot. mag. t. 215. This plant is cultivated in gardens under the name of Yellow Bachelor's buttons. Var. y, sylvdticus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 278.) petioles and leaves velvety-villous on the under surface. 7^. H. Native of Europe in woods. R. sylvaticus, Thuil. fl. par. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 276. R. lanuginosus, ji. Fl. fi-. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 899. This variety is perhaps a proper species ; it is much larger than the var. a, and the flowers more numerous, but smaller, and somewhat corym- bose. Var. B, muhijidus: (D. C. 1. c.) lobes of leaves deeply multifid. 1^. H. R. polyanthemus. Lob. icon. 680. f. 1. This plant has the appearance of R. polyanthemus, in the leaves being many- parted, but it is more closely allied to R. acris, in the carpels being terminated by straight points, not almost awnless, as well as in the stem being covered with pressed pubescence, not pilose. Acrid, or Upright meadow Crowfoot. Fl. June, July. PI. 2 ft. 109 R. Bru'tius (Tenore. fl. neap. prod, suppl. 1. p. 61.) leaves pubescent 3-5-parted, with 3-parted partitions, and lan- ceolate bifid lobes ; stem erect, villous, many-flowered ; calyx pressed, one-half shorter than the petals. 1^. H. Native of Naples on Mount Pollino. Tenore. fl. neap. 1. t. 50. Like 7?. licris, ))ut difl^ering in the segments of the leaves being broader and serrated, smoothish, not villous, as well as in tlie flowers being twice the size. It diflTers from R. polydnthcmus in the leaves being digitately-parted, smoothish, and in the peduncles being round and even, not striated. Brut inn Crowhot. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 110 R. Steve^i (Bess. enum. volhy. no. 083.) leaves 3-5- parted, with wedge-shaped deeply toothed trifid segments, those of the upper ones linear ; root with munerous fibres ; stem almost naked ; peduncles round ; calyx hairy, spreading ; stigmas spreading, ■y.. H. Native of Volhynia and Podolia in meadows. Like R. acris. Steven's Crowfoot. Fl. Jime, Jidy. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 111 R. Cauca'sicus (Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. p. 27.) radical leaves on long stalks, somewhat pubescent, 3-parted, with deeply toothed trifid lobes ; stem leaves stalked, ternate, the uppermost ones with linear lobes ; stem erect, fibrous at the neck ; pedicels round; calyx spreading. If.. H. Native of Caucasus in sub- alpine situations. On grassy hills about Narza frequent. In habit like R. acris, but with rather smaller flowers. Roots fibrous, with black fibres rising from the base. Carpels com- pressed, smooth, with hooked beaks. C'«Mcar.«;an Crowfoot. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. U to 2 feet. 112 R. ru'fulus (Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 307.) radical leaves 3-5- parted ; lobes many-cleft ; lower cauline leaves stalked, 3- parted, upper ones linear ; stem erect, solid, not fistular, and is, as well as tlie round peduncles, villous ; calyx spreading. If.. H. Native of Portugal, at the bottom of hiUs near Coimbra and elsewhere in Biera. R. chserophy'llos, var. e, Bir. ren. 42. Very nearly allied to R. acris. Root fascicled white. Stem clothed with subrufous hairs. Carpels compressed, acmninated. Rufous-hiiired Crowfoot. Fl. June, Jidy. PI. 1 to 1 1 foot. 113 R. polya'nthemus (Lin. spec. 779.) leaves 3-5-palmate- parted, with deeply multifid partitions and linear lobes ; stem erect, many-flowered, and is, as well as the petioles, covered with spread- ing pili ; peduncles furrowed ; calyx hairy ; carpels almost awnless. %. H. Native of Holland, Germany, Hungary, Russia, Sweden, Norway, in bushy places, coppices, and woods. R. polyanthos, Neck. Gallop. 240. R. napellifolius, Crantz. austr. 2. p. 90. t. 4. f. 1.? R. multiflorus, Gilib. in ust. del. 2. p. 418. Similar to R. acris, var. 7, but differs in the leaves being much more dissected into narrower linear lobes, which are not toothed on the margins ; stem and petioles more hairy ; peduncles furrowed, not round ; calyx more hispid, as well as in the ovaries being about 20, not 50. Many-flowered Crowfoot. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1796. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 114 R. NEMOROsus (D.C. syst. 1. p. 280.) radical leaves 3-5- cleft beyond the middle into wedge-shaped lobes, which are again divided into lobules, which are toothed at the apex ; stem erect and is, as well as the petioles, covered with spreading hairs ; pe- duncles furrowed ; carpels terminated by hooked awns. 11 . H, Native of Switzerland and France in woods. Like R. jwlydn- thcmus. Var. a, multiflorus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 280.) stem many-flowered; upper leaves divided into entire linear lobes. % . H. Native of mountains at the foot of the Alps of Jura. R. polyanthemus Sut. fl. helv. 1. p. 341. Habit of A*, aeris. J'ar. ft, pauciflorus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 280.) stem 1-3-flowered ; upper leaves somewhat lobed and deeply toothed, uppermost ones small. 11 . H. Native of Vallais, Cevennes, Pyrenees, in sub- alpine situations. R. aureus Schleich. pi. helv. R. villosus. St. Amand. fl. agr. 227. bouq. t. 5. Habit of R. mo?itanus. Grove Crowfoot. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1810. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 1 15 R. Breynia'nus (Crantz. aust. ex Spreng. -syst. 2. p. 654.) stem erect, many-flowered, and is, as well as the leaves, villous ; radical leaves palmate, 3-5-parted ; lobes obovate-oblong, toothed ; floral leaves quite entire ; peduncles furrowed ; calyx spreading; carpels with hooked points. 1/. H. Native of the south of Europe in subalpine situations. R. nemor6sus var./3, D. C. syst. 1. p. 280. prod. 37 ? Breyniuss Crowfoot. Fl. May. July. Clt. ? PI. 1 foot. 116 R. lANUGiNosus (Lin. spec. 779.) leaves trifid, silky, with broad toothed rather cut lobes; stem erect, many-flowered, and is, as well as the petioles, clothed with reflexed hairs ; pe- duncles round ; carpels flat, terminated by hooked awns. ^ . H. Native of Montpelier, Dauphiny, Switzerland, Austria, Germany, Denmark, Hungary, Tauria, Greece, in wooded mountains. Fl. dan. t. 397. Smith fl. graec. t. 5 1 9. A very distinct species from its congeners in the leaves being much broader and silky on both surfaces with pressed hairs. Var. fl, geraniijblius (D. C. syst. 1. p. 281.) upper leaves 3-parted into oblong acuminate coarsely serrated lobes. 7/ . H. R. montanus subhirsutus, &c. C. Bauh. pin. 182. Tourn. inst. 291. Var. y, p)i^nmlus (D.C. prod. 1. p. 37.) stem 1-2-flowered; leaves very minute. 1/. H. Native of the Alps of Jura. Var. c, Constantinopolitdnus (D. Urv. enum. pi. arch. no. 476.) radical leaves very large, on very long footstalks, trifid, with broad cut lobes, upper ones jagged, with linear segments all silky lanuginous ; stem erect, lanuginous, many-flowered ; calyx re- flexed ; carpels flat, somewhat orbicular, terminated by liooked awns. If. . H. Native in hedges about Constantinople, fre- quent. 7Foo%-leaved Crowfoot. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1683. PL 1 to U ft. RANUNCULACE^E. XIV. Ranunculus. 37 117 R. TUBEHOsus (Lapeyr. aljr. pyr. 320.) radical leaves large, S-lobed ; lobes distant, lateral ones 2-lobed, intermediate one uedge-shaped, 3-lobed, with cut lobules ; stem rather as- cending, pubescent; pedmicles roiuid, divaricating; calyx pressed. Ij.. H. Native of the Pyrenees in meadows. Plant large. Trunk of root about the thickness of a finger. Like R. ncino- rosns. Tuberous-rooted Crowfoot. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 ft. 1 18 R. ANEMONEFOLius (D. C. syst. 1. p. 282.) radical leaves S-parted, pubescent, with deeply toothed lobes, cauline ones ternate, with entire lobes ; upper leaves long, linear, entire ; stem erect, 1-2-flowered, smooth at the base, pubescent at the top; calyx reflexed. 1/. H. Native of Cappadocia. Petals obovate, very blunt, about the size of those of 7i. gramineus. Ancmonc-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, July. PI. 1 foot. 119 R. NAPELLiroLius (D. C. syst. 1. p. 282.) radical leaves 3-parted, with the partitions divided into many linear lobes, floral ones 3-parted, with linear lobes ; stem erect, 1-3-flowered, fibry at the neck and covered with pressed hairs ; calyx pressed. 11 . H. Native of Cappadocia and in fields about Constantinople. Calyx hairy. Najiellus-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1822. PI. 4 foot. 120 R. platyspe'rmus (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 37.) radical leaves many-cleft, cauline ones 3-parted, with linear lobes ; stem erect, carpels compressed, orbicidar, membranous, terminated by hooked awns. "J/. H. Native of Russia at the salt lake Inder, in the steppe Kirghisian. A very distinct species, nearly allied to R. oxy.tjiertnus and R. dissectus. Broad-seeded Crowfoot. Pi. ir to 1 foot. 121 R. disse'ctus (Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. p. 25. siippl. p. 381.) radical leaves somewhat pinnately-many-parted, with acute linear lobules ; cauline leaf divided into very entire linear lobes ; stem erect, 1-2-flowered, pubescent ; calyx hairy, spreading. If.. H. Native of Siberia towards the top of Mount Tschaturdag and elsewhere, and in Eastern Caucasus. Z>wsfc/frf-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. |y to 1 foot. 122 R. viLLosus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 283.) leaves villous, ter- nate, with ovate, deeply toothed segments ; floral leaves 3-parted with oblong almost entire lobes ; stem erect, forked, covered with rather deflexed hairs ; calyx hispid, spreading. 1^ . H. Na- tive of Persia. Ovaries terminated by hooked awns. Villous Crowfoot. PI. 1 foot. 123 R. Cappadocicus (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1326.) leaves pu- bescent, radical ones cordate, trifid, with toothed acuminated lobes ; lower cauline leaves stalked, upper ones sessile, entire ; stem erect, generally 2-flowered ; calyx spreading ; root prae- morse. 'J^. H. Native of Cappadocia. R. cheerophyllos var. g. Bir. ren. 43. An intermediate plant between R. tieris and R. Uinugindsus. Stem simple or bifid at the top. Carpels ovate, rather compressed, smooth, terminated by hooked awns. Cappadocian Crowfoot. PI. 1 foot. \Zi R. sERicEus (Poir. diet. C. p. 109) leaves silky-villous, radical ones stalked, 3-5-parted, cauline ones ternate, with stalked, 3-parted segments ; lobes of all deeply serrated ; stem erect, villous, many-flowered ; calyx spreading. % . H. Native of tlie Mauritius. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 39. \iah\t oi R. acris or R. pohjanthemus. Flowers about the size of those of R. arven- sis, with oblong petals. Carpels compressed, acuminated. Silky Crowfoot. PI. IJ foot. 125 R. RH^ADiFoLius (1). C. syst. 1. p. 284.) leaves nearly smooth, pinnately ternate, lower ones stalked, long, with oval 3-lobed deeply toothed segments ; lobes of upper leaves linear ; stem erect, branched, almost smooth; calyx reflexed. %. H. Native of Mogador in fields, and perhaps also in the Canary islands. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 40. Flowers small. Rlueas-leaved Crowfoot. PI. 1 foot. 126 R. ke'pens (Lin. spec. 779.) leaves ternate, with wedge- shaped, 3-lobed, deeply-toothed segments ; runners creeping, rising from the neck of the stem ; flower bearing stems rather erect ; calyx pressed ; carpels terminated by straight points. ■2^. H. Native throughout Europe in meadows, moist pastures, and shady waste places, in towns, neglected gardens, very com- mon ; also in the mountains of North America. Smith eng. bot. 516. Curt. lond. fasc. 4. t. 38. Mart. rust. t. 29. Fl. dan. t. 95. — Gniel. fl. sib. 4. p. 206. no. 54. t. 84. R. prostratus, Poir. diet. 6. p. 113. R. infestus Sal. prod. 373. This plant varies much according to the soil and situation where it grows. It is very acrid in taste and blisters the skin. J'ar. j3,Jlore p/eiio (flowers double) Tab. icon. 53. f. V. — Ger. herb. 957. f. 2. — Besl. Eyst. vern. 1. t. 13. f 2. J'ar. y, erectus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 285.) flowering stems erect, without runners. Var. c, glabr&liis (D. C. syst. 1. p. 285.) leaves and stems very smooth. R. h'icidus, Poir. diet. 6. p. 113. Var. e, lincarihihas (D. C. prod. 1. p. 38.) runners creeping, very long, bearing flowers ; lobes of leaves very narrow. Creeping Crowfoot. Fl. May, Aug. Brit. PL J to 1 foot. 127 R. Caleya'nus, plant pilose ; stem prostrate, many- flowered ; radical leaves on long stalks, upper cauline ones ses- sile, all ternate ; segments 3-parted, lobed, middle one on a long stalk ; calyx reflexed ; carpels compressed, terminated by short jioints, disposed in ovate heads. 1^. H. Native near London in dry places, particularly in the late Mr. Caley's garden at Bayswater. Caley's Crowfoot. Fl. May, Aug. Britain. PL trailing. 128 R. MARGiNA Tus (D. Urv. euum. pi. arch. no. 479.) root fibrous ; stem branched at the base, spreading, rather hairy ; leaves surromided by a callose margin, lower ones stalked, ter- nate, with crenated blunt segments ; stem leaves witli linear seg- ments ; calyx reflexed ; carpels rounded, flat, marginated, ter- minated by rather hooked points. %. H. Native on hills about Trapesus. Petals small. il/«r^/«o?ff/-carpelled Crowfoot. Fl. ^Lay, July. PL 1 foot. 129 R. Japonicus (Langsd. ex Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. I. p. 38.) leaves palmately ternate, with roundish deeply and bluntly toothed segments ; stem creeping ; caljTC reflexed. %. H. Na- tive of Japan, near Nagasaki, R. Langsdorfii, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 652. Carpels compressed, smooth, terminated by hooked points. This plant is called in Japan Kimbu-Xohanwa. Japan Crowfoot. PL creeping. 130 R. DiFFU sus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 38.) plant villous ; leaves roimdish, 3-lobed, toothed, cordate at the base ; stem creeping, diffuse ; pedicels 1 -flowered, opposite the leaves ; calyx pressed ; carpels oval, smooth, dotted, terminated by straight points. If.H. Native of Nipaul in inundated places. Flowers small. Stem creeping. Diffuse Crowfoot. PL creeping. 131 R. GERANoiDEs (H. B. et Ktli. nov. gen. et spec. amer. 5. p. 44.) pLint villous ; radical leaves ternate ; segments stalked, trifid, cuneated at the base, deeply toothed ; stem ascending, few-flowered; pedicels 1 -flowered opposite the leaves; petals oblong ; calyx somewhat reflexed. 1^ . G. Native of New Granada on Mount Quindiu, also of the island of Java, according to Blume. Carpels smootli, compressed, terminated by straight points. Geranium-lihe Croviioot. PL A foot. 132 R. Chile'nsis (D. C. syst. 1. p. 286.) stems procumbent, and are hispid as well as the petioles ; leaves rather villous, cor- date, orbicular, 3-5-cleft, with deeply toothed lobes ; calyx very villous. T^l.F. Native of Chili near Talcacuano. The affinity of this plant is doubtful, owing to the carpels being unknown. 38 RANUNCULACE^. XIV. Ranunculus. Chili Crowfoot. PI. ^ to 1 foot. 1.S3 R. LAPPACEUs (Smith in Rees' Cyclop, no. 61.) leaves villous, stalked, pinnate or pinnatifid, vvitli ovate, trifid, sharply and deeply lobed segments ; stem erect, many-flowered ; calyx spreading ; carpels terminated by hooked points. 1{,. H. Native of New Holland near Port Jackson. This species is allied to R. pinndtus, but the carpels are not tuberculated. Far. ji, obtusatus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 287.) leaves shorter and blunter, 3-parted ; stem almost naked, 2-flowered. Var. y, puhescens (D. C. syst. i. p. 287.) stem and petioles clothed with pressed hairs ; calyx hispid. Burdock Crowfoot. PI. 1 foot. 1 34 R. piLosus (H. B. et Kth. nov. gen. and spec. amer. 5. p. 45.) stem forked, ascending ; petioles beset with spreading hairs ; leaves pinnate, with trifid grossly toothed segments, those of the upper ones linear, oblong, all clothed with close pressed hairs ; calyx reflexed, nearly smooth ; carpels terminated by straight points. 7{.. F. Native of South America, particularly about Santa-fe-de-Bogota. Carpels disposed into globose heads. Pi'/oif Crowfoot. PI. 4 foot. 135 R. Nepaule'nsis (D. C. prod. 1 . p. 39.) stem erect, dicho- tomous, hairy as well as the leaves, lower lea\es ternate ; leaflets oblong-cuneated, lobed and toothed, upper ones 3-parted, entire ; calyx villous, reflexed, a little longer tlian tiie oblong, blunt petals; carpels ovate, with straight points. 7i. H. Native of Nipaid. R. trilobatus. D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 194. R. ter- natus. Thunb. Nipaid Crowfoot. PI. 1 foot. 136 R. petiola'ris (H. B. et Kth. nov. gen. et spec. amer. 5. p. 45.) radical leaves on very long stalks, clothed with close-pressed silky-pubescence ; partitions, trifid, deeply toothed ; floral leaves 3-parted, with linear lobes ; stem erect, forked ; calyx reflexed. 11. F. Native of Mexico near Santa-Rosa. Carpels ovate, glabrous, terminated by very short straight points. Long-stalked Crowfoot. PI. 1-2 feet. 137 R. DiCHOTOMUs (Moc. et Sess. fl. mex. ic. ined. D. C. syst. 1. p. 288.) leaves smoothish, radical ones on very long stalks, bipinnate ; stem erect, dichotomous ; calyx reflexed. % . F. Native of Mexico. Flowers like those of R. bu/bosiis. Carpels terminated by straight points. Radical leaves longer than the flowering stem. Z)ic/ioto)»o«s-stemmed Crowfoot. PI. 1 foot. 138 R. Pe'rsicus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 288.) leaves smooth, ra- dical ones stalked, pimiate, with 3-lobed segments : lobes ovate, cuneated at the base, and regularly toothed at the apex ; stem leaves ternate, uppermost ones 3-parted, rather pubescent ; stem erect, dichotomous, clothed with close-pressed pubescence ; calyx spreading, villous on the outside. 11. H. Native of Persia. Flowers about the size of those of /J. repens, or a little larger. Persian Crowfoot. PI, 1 foot. 139 R. PLEBE lus (R. Br. prod. nov. hell. vol. 2. ined. D. C. syst. 1. p. 288.) stem erectish, dichotomous at the base, and is, as well as the petioles, beset with spreading hairs, but smoothish towards the apex ; leaves ternate, villous, with stalked, ovate, deeply toothed segments ; upper leaves linear, entire ; calyx somewhat reflexed. % . F. Native of New Holland at Hunters- river, Hawkesbury. Carpels compressed, smooth, terminated by somewhat hooked points. Plebeian Crowfoot. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. PI. 1* foot. 140 R. HiRTus (Banks and Sol. MSS. D. C. syst. 1. p. 289.) stem erect, dichotomous ; petioles and peduncles very hairy ; caulme leaves stalked, lower ones ternate, with stalked ovate- toothed segments ; middle segment 3-lobed ; upper leaves oval- oblong; calyx somewhat reflexed. %. H. Native of New /-ealand in grassy places near Tigadus, Tolago, Opuragi, and Totaranui. Very like R. plebeius. Carpels compressed, end- ing in short straight points. Hair;/ Crowfoot. Fl. May, July. PI. 1 foot. 141 R. HispiDus (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p, 321.) stem erect, branched, clothed with spreading hairs, as well as the petioles ; leaves on long stalks, ternate, upper ones almost sessile : leaflets trifid cut, with lanceolate segments, which are callose at the apex; pedicels covered with close-pressed pubescence ; calyx pilose, at length reflexed. % . H. Native of North America in wet fields and on the banks of ditches and rivers, from Canada to Carolina, and from the shores of Hudson's Bay to the Pacific Flowers the size of those of JR. acris. Carpels orbicular com- pressed, terminated by very short points. Neck of root some- what tuberous. Hisj)id Cro-wfoot. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.? PI. 1 foot. 142 R. recurva'tus (Poir, diet, 6. p. 123.) stem erect, clothed with spreading hairs as well as the petioles ; leaves 3- parted, villous, with oval toothed partitions ; calyx pilose, re- flexed ; carpels with hooked points, li . H. Native of North America in shady woods, from New York to Carolina, Labrador, mouth of the Columbia, and on the eastern declivity of the Rocky Mountains. Deless. icon. sel. 1. p. 41. R. lanuginosus, Walt, fl. carol. 159. R. Pennsylvanicus, var. Bir. ren. p. 41. R. sani- ciUaeformis, Muhl, ex. Rafin. Like R. Pennsylvanicus, but dif- fering in the leaves being 3-parted, not ternate, that is to say, not cleft to the base but confluent, as well as in the carpels being collected into a somewhat globose head, not an o^■ate head, and in having hooked not straight points. Root almost bulbous, especially with the neck clothed with the sheaths of the petioles of the old leaves. Flowers small. Petals elliptical, almost white, sometimes abortive. Far. (i, Nelshnii (D. C. syst. 1. p. 290.) lobes of leaves ap- proximate ; pedicels clothed with close-pressed hairs, length of leaves. 1^. H. Native of the island of Unalaschka. Far. y, Hookerii (stem and leaves smoothish.) Native of North America in mountain woods, north of Smoking River. /?ec?»-ir(/-styled Crowfoot. Fl. May. Clt.? PI. 14 foot. 143 R. Pennsylva'nicus (Lin. suppl. 272.) stem erect, branched, covered with stiff spreading hairs, as well as the petioles ; leaves on long stalks, ternate, villous, with stalked, acutely 3-lobed, and deeply serrate segments ; calyx spreading at length, reflexed, longer than the petals ; carpels with straight points. %. H, Native of North America in low, moist, gravelly meadows, from Canada to Pennsylvania, and from the shores of Hudson's Bay to the Pacific. R. Canadensis, Jacq. misc. 2. p, 343, icon, rar, 1, t. 105. Flowers the size of those oi R. acris. Pennsylvantan Crowfoot, Fl.Jul, Aug. Clt. 1785, PI, 1 to 2 ft. 144 R. 1-ascicula'ris (Muhl. in Big. fl. host, ed, 2. p. 226.) stem erect, branched ; leaves ternate, quinate, pinnate, covered with close-pressed hairs ; leaflets oblong-obovate, or cuneated pinnatifid-lobed ; calyx spreading, villous underneath, shorter than the petals ; carpels roundish, compressed, terminated by long recurved beaks, disposed in round heads. T^.. H, Native of North America in dry places and hills about Boston, and from Canada to the south of Lake Winepeg. Roots numerous, fas- cicled, rather fleshy, Fascicled-rooteA Crowfoot,Fl. April, May. Clt. ? PI, i foot, 145 R, Schlechtenda'lii (Hook, fl. bor. amer, p. 21, Graham in edinb. phil. jour, for 1829.) radical leaves stalked, 3-parted, cut, pilose ; segments wedge-shaped, fringed, with a callose point at the apex ; stem leaves stalked, with ovate-lan- ceolate entire pilose segments ; stem erect, branched, pilose ; carpels smooth, witli rather straight heaks, collected into a glo- bular head, % , H. Native of North America on the Rocky RANUNCULACE^. XIV. Ranunculus. W Mountains. R. fascicularis, Sclilecht. anim. ran. sect. 2. p. 30. t. 2. Stem hollow, flattened. Radical leaves 3-parted, with the middle lobe trifid and the lateral ones 2-cleft, and cut again into 2-3 minor lobes. Calyx hairy, reflexed. ScMcchlendal's Crowfoot.' Fl. May, June. Clt. 1826. PI. i ft. 146 R. Be'ckii ; leaves all radical, pubescent, stalked, 3-5- cut ; scape villous, 1-flowcrcd, longer than the leaves; calyx permanent; petals oblong-ovate. l^.H. Native of Missouri in plains. R. nov. spe. Beck in amer. jour, scienc. vol. 12. April, 1828. Beck's Crowfoot. PI. 4 foot. 11-7 R. BiiLvisii (D. C. syst. 1. p. 291.) stem erect, branched, furnished with a few spreading hairs as well as the petioles ; leaves smooth, ternate, with 3-lobed segments ; lobes oblong aciUely- cut at the apex ; calyx smooth, spreading, shorter than the petals. % . H. Native of North America. Flowers a little smaller than those of/?, licris. Carpels compressed, even, ter- minated by short straight points. Belris's Crowfoot. Fl. June, July. PI. Is foot. 148 R. Maryla'ndicus (Poir. diet. 6. p. 126.) stem erect, a little branched, clothed with soft hairs at the base as well as tlie petioles, and with close-pressed pubescence at the top ; leaves smoothish, ternate, with 3-lobed segments, and oblong acute deeply toothed lobes ; calyx smooth, spreading shorter than the petals. Tf. . H. Native of North America in shady woods, Maryland, Pennsylvania to Virginia. Root fibrous, fascicled. Stem 2-3-flowered. Flowers pale yellow, a little larger than those of R. iicris. Carpels compressed, with straight points. Maryland Crowfoot. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1811. PI. 1 foot. 149 R. NiTiBUS (Muhl. cat. Elliott, carol. 2. p. Gl.) plant smoothish ; radical leaves on long stalks, ternate ; leaflets stalk- ed, profoundly trifid or 3-parted ; lobes broad-lanceolate trifid cut ; lobes of the cauline leaves almost linear, entire, or trifid ; calyx spreading, at length reflexed, rather hairy ; carpels orbi- cular, compressed, marginate, terminated by short points. 1(.. H. Native of North America on the lower plains of Columbia ; Canada ; Lower Carolina, &c. R. septentrionalis, Poir. diet. 6. p. 123. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 395. R. Carolinianus, D. C. syst. 1. p. 292. R. hispidus, var. Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 321. R. lanuginosus, var. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 394. Shhiiiig Crowfoot. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. Pi. 1 to 2 feet. 150 R. TOMENTo'sus (Poir. diet. 6. p. 127.) stem ascending, very villous, 1-2-flowered ; leaves stalked, downy, ternate, upper ones sessile, ovate, entire ; calyx very villous, somewhat reflexed. 1{. H. Native of Upper Carolina. R. lanuginosus, Pursh. ex. Lamb. herb. Like R. i>uhescens and R. Maryldndicus. Roots fibrous, fascicled. Flowers yellowish-white ; petals a little longer than the calyx. Z)oft.ny Crowfoot. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. PL § foot. 151 R. pR.EMORsus (H. B. et Kth. nov. gen. et spec. amer. 5. p. 47.) stem erect, usually 2-flowered, villous as well as the petioles ; leaves ternate, with bluntly and deeply-toothed seg- ments, lateral ones bifid, middle ones trifid, stalked ; calyx re- flexed ; petals 10 to 1 5, wedge-shaped, i; . H. Native of South America on mount Antisana. Like R. Maryldndicus in habit, but differing in having 1 0 to 1 5 petals. Carpels with short straight points. Prcemorse-xootedi Crowfoot. PL J foot. 152 R. BoNPLANDiA^Nus (H. B. et Kth. nov. gen. et spec, amer. 5. p. 40.) stems erect, 2-3-flowered, rather hairy; leaves trifid, 3-parted and ternate, upper surface smooth, imder surface pilose-pubescent, with crenate-serrated 2-3-lobed segments ; calyx hairy, reflexed ; petals 10 to 12, rounded at the apex. % . H. Native of New Granada at the height of 3000 feet. Bunpland's Crowfoot. PI. i to 1 foot. • 153 R. GEOiDES (H. B. et Kth. nov. gen. et spec. amer. 5. 1 p. 47.) stem erect, 1-3-flowered, very villous as well as the petioles ; leaves villous, trifid, or 3-partcd, with ovate-toothed lobes ; calyx reflexed ; petals 10, oblong-linear. 1/ . F. Native of Mexico in the mountains. Habit of Ucam montanum. Petals twice as long as calyx. Hairs of the stem spreading, those of the leaves closely pressed. Geum-like Crowfoot. PI. J foot. 154 R. siBBALDioiDES (H. B. et Kth. nov. gen. et spec. amer. 5. p. 48.) stem almost naked, 1-flowered; leaves pilose, pinnate, with ovate-toothed segments ; terminal segment 3-lobed ; floral leaves piunatifid; calyx spreading, shorter than the oblong petals. 11 . F. Native of South America on the high moun- tain of Quindiu or Antisana. A very dwarf herb, with the habit of Sibhdldia j>rocumbcn.s. Radical leaves crowded, dark green. Carpels ovate, rather compressed, terminated by short straight points. Sibhaldla-lihe Crowfoot. PI. \ foot. 155 R. DELPHINIF0V.1US (H. B. et Kth. nov. gen. et spec, amer. 5. p. 48.) stems erect, few-flowered, hairy ; leaves ternate ; lateral segments bifid, middle one 3-parted, with deeply- serrat- ed bifid or trifid lacinise and lanceolate lobes ; calyx pilose, re- flexed ; petals 15. •J^.F. Native of Mexico on the mountains at the height of 5000 feet. Larkspur-leaved Crowfoot. PI. 1 foot. 156 R. PEDUNcuLA^Ris (Smith iuRees' cyclop, no. 49.) leaves smoothish ; radical ones stalked, ternate, with 3-lobed segments, which are acutely cut at the apex ; cauline leaves 1 or 2, linear or trifid ; stem erect, 1 -leaved, 1 or 2-flowered ; calyx at length reflexed ; petals 8-10, oblong. If. H. Native of the Straits of Magellan on the borders of woods, at a place called Fresh-water Bay or Bayc Duclos. Habit of R. hiilbosits. Carpels globose, even, with hooked points. Stem more or less hairy. Peduncled-Rowei-ed Crowfoot. Fl. Dec. PI. 1 foot. 157 R. grandiflo'rus (Lin. spec. 781.) leaves rather villous, radical ones stalked, ternate, with unequally jagged segments ; stem-leaves linear or divided into linear lobes ; stem erect, villous, few-flowered ; calyx reflexed. 1(. . H. Native of Cap- padocia and about Constantinople. Desf. Choix. 57. t. 44. Flowers larger than those of R. butbosus. Great-flo7vered Crowfoot. Fl. May. Clt. 1817. PI. ^ to 1 ft. 158 R. pALu'sTRis (Lin. MSS. Smith in Rees' cyclop, no. 52.) leaves rather hairy, stalked, cleft in 3 beyond the middle, with blunt recesses and ovate-cut toothed lobes ; stem erect, branched, almost naked ; carpels even, terminated by straight short points. %. H. Root a little like that of 7?. hidbosus. Var. a, crientdlis (D. C. syst. 1. p. 294.) stem trichotomous ; radical leaves on short stalks. %. H. Native of the Levant. R. orientalis, palustris, apii folio, &c. Tour. cor. 20. Stems numerous. Jar. ft, Corsicus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 295.) stems dichotomous ; radical leaves on very long stalks. If . H. Native of Corsica. R. Corsicus, D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 637. Herb dark green; style hardly hooked. Marsfi Crowfoot. PI. 1 foot. 159 R. cymbalarifo'lius (Balb. in Mor. 1. p. 2.) root fascicled ; leaves rather hairy, radical ones on long stalks, orbi- cular 3-lobed : lobes coarsely-crenate, cauline leaves trifid and simple ; stem branched dichotomous, rather naked, filiform : sepals reflexed; carpels smooth, hooked, "if.. H. Native of the island of Sardinia in rivulets. C ymbalaria-lcaved Crowfoot. PI. J foot. 160 R. orthory'nciius (Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 21. t. 9.) plant beset with adpressed hairs ; stem erect, slender, branched, and rather leafy ; radical leaves stalked, ternate ; leaflets linear- multifid, with white callose tips ; calyx reflexed ; styles straight, longer than the carpels, wliich are broadly semi-ovate, com- 40 EANUNCULACEJi. XIV. Ranunculus. pressed, and marginate. %. H. Native of North America, not unfrequent on tlie low points of land near rivers on the north- west coast. This species conies very near to R. dklwtomns, D. C. and R.fascicularis, Muhl. //rtr(/-66«/i-<;(/-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 182G. Pl.l ft. 161 R. BULBo'sus (Lin. spec. 778.) radical leaves stalked, tcrnate or quinate-pinnate, with trifid or qtiinquitid deeply- toothed 3-lobed segments ; middle segment stalked ; stem erect, bulbous at the neck ; calyx reflexed ; petals obcordate. % • H. Native throughout Europe in pastures, meadows, grass-plats, and waste o-round every where ; also in North America. Smith, eng. hot. 8^ t. 515. Curt. lond. fasc. 1. t. 38. Mart. rust. t. 28. Mni. illustr. t. 51. Fl. dan. t. 551. Plant more or less hairy. This species though acrid is commonly eaten along with other herbage, by domestic cattle. The root, which is said to be the most acrid part of the plant, and which is said to raise blisters with less pain and more safety than Spanish flies ; hence these roots have been applied for that purpose, particularly to the joints in cases of gout. According to Hoffman, beggars make use of them to blister their skin, with a view of exciting compas- sion. The juice of the herb is said to be more acrid than that of R. sceleratus, and if applied to the nostrils excites sneezing. The roots lose their stimulating quality by drying, and are even eatable when boiled. Hogs are fond of them, and frequently dig them up. The flowers are vulgarly called hiiUer-JJoiver, hutler-cups, k'ing's-cups, gold-ciqis, and they are the cuckoo buds of yellon' hue of Shakspeare. R. ripens and R. Scris, however, are all confounded under these names by tlie vulgar. Far. ft, nmlilplex ; flowers double. This, with the double flowering /J. acris, is called in the gardens Double yellow Bache- lor's buttons. Var. y, bractehtus (Schleich. pi. helv. or brachiatus, Schleich, cat.) JSw/iows-rooted Crowfoot. Fl. May, Ju. Britain. PI. J to 2 ft. Sect. V.— Echine'lla {^■^(i.voc, echinos, a hedge-hog ; in allusion to the prickly or tubercled carpels,) D. C. prod. 1. p. 41. carpels scabrous, with tubercles or prickles (f. 9. e.) Annual plants with small yellow flowers. § 1 . Leaves dissected. 1G2 R. PHitoNOTis (Retz. obs. 6. p. 31.) leaves 3-lobed or ternate, with deeply-toothed blunt lobes ; middle lobe stalked ; calyx reflexed ; stem erect, many-flowered ; carpels bearing a row of small tubercles at the margin. ©. H. Native of south and middle Europe in moist meadows and waste or cultivated ground that is liable to be overflowed by water ; also in North America in old meadow and low wet grounds, from New England 10 Pennsylvania. R. bulbosus, var. ft. Huds. 241. R. agrarius. All. auct. p. 27. R. sardous, Crantz. austr. 2. p. 84. R. palli- dior, Vill. dauph. 4. p. 751. R. hirsutus. Ait. hort. kew, ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 2C8. Curt. lond. 2. t. 40. Smith, engl. hot. t. 1504. R.pallidus, Reiss. in Schrad. journ. hot. I. p. 425. R. Palensis, Berg. fl. bass. pyr. 2. p. 405. Herb very variable in luxuri- ance, of a paler hue than most of this genus, and clothed with fine silky spreading hairs. The name sardous, given by Jacquin, on account of its being supposed to be the plant that caused the sardonic laugh. Far. ft, intermed'ms (Po\r. diet. 6. p. 110.) leaves almost with- out hairs. ©.H. Native in humid places. R. pdmilus, Thuil. fl. par. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 277, but not of Poir. Far. y, parvulus (Lin. mant. 76.) stem dwarfish, usually 1- flowered. ©. H. Native in dry, stony, arid, exposed places. R. parviflorus, Gouan. fl. monsp. 270. Moisture-loving or Pale-hairy Crowfoot. Fl. June, Oct. Bri- tain. PI. 1^ to 1 foot. 1C3 R. LAciNiA*Tus (Baugm. enum. str. trans. 2. p. 131.- Schlecht. anim. 2. p. 36.) stem erect, silky-villous as well as the leaves, which are ternate-3-parted ; segments trifid, linear, toothed ) peduncles elongated, filiform, densely pilose ; calyx spreading; carpels muricated and mucronate. ©. H. Native of Trannsylvania on dry mountains. Jagged-\ea\'eA Crowfoot. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1828. PI. 1 ft. 164 R. tubercula'tus (Kit. ex. Balb. cat. hort. taur. 1813. p. 64.) leaves smooth, deeply multifid, with linear acute lobes ; stem erect, many-flowered ; carpels compressed, furnished with very blunt tubercles at the sides- ©. H. Native of Hungary, Iberia, and north of Tauria in corn fields. Very like R. arven- sis, but differing in the carpels being tubercled, not prickly. rMfcecc/crf-carpelled Crowfoot. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 ft. 165 R. arve'nsis (Lin. spec. 780.) leaves smooth, first ones toothed at the apex ; radical ones 3-parted ; cauline ones multi- fid, with linear lobes ; stem erect, many-flowered ; carpels very prickly at the sides. ©. H. Native throughout middle and south Europe in corn fields common ; in North America about Charlestown. Engl. bot. t. 135. Curt. lond. fasc. 6. t. 36. Mart. rust. t. 56. Fl. dan. t. 219. R. echinatus, Crantz. aust. 2. p. 118. but not of Lin. This plant is very acrid and dangerous to cattle, though they are said to eat it greedily. M. Brugnon, who has given a particular account of its qualities, relates that three ounces of the juice killed a dog in 4 minutes. .Several sheep were killed by feeding on this herb near Turin, which first led to an investigation of the matter. Cholic, with inflammation of the stomach, were the symptoms, which were best reinoved by pouring vinegar down the animals' throats. Hence, like most vegetable poisons, this Crowfoot seems to act on the nerves, and yet black spots were found in the sheep's stomachs. Jar. ft, orientalis echinatus, arvensis, crassiore fructu, Vaill. herb. The carpels of this variety are almost double the size of those of var. o, and the prickle much longer. Corn-field Crowfoot. Fl June, Aug. Britain. PI. 1 foot. 166 R. murica'tus (Lin. spec. 780.) leaves smooth, stalked, somewhat orbicular, 3-lobed, and coarsely toothed ; stem rather erect, or diffuse ; peduncles opposite the leaves ; calyx spread- ing ; carpels beset with prickly tubercles, each ending in a straight acuminated horn. ©. H. Native throughout the whole region of the Mediterranean, from Portugal to Taviria in low humid places. A very variable plant, therefore many names have been given to it by authors. Smith, fl. graec. t. 522. Lam. ill. 498. — Clus. hist. 233. f. 2. J ar. ft, Cret'icus (D.C. prod. 1. p. 42.) stem erect. — Mor. hist. 2. p. 440. sect, 4. t. 29. f. 24. Native of Crete. Far. y, Caroltnus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 42.) petals longer than the calyx. Native of Carolina and Virginia. R. muricatus, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 321. R. echinatus. Vent. eels. t. 73. Far. S, Tucumdnictis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 42.) carpels less acu- minated. Native of South America near the river Plate. R. palustris echinatus. Fewill. obs. 3. p. 58. t. 18, J'ar, e, Brasil'ianus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 42.) sheaths of petioles dilated. Native of Brazil by the sea-side in humid places. R. ventricosus. Vent. eels. 73. R. muricatus, St. Hil. fl. bras. p. 7. Tl/ffWca^erf-carpelled Crowfoot. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1683. Pl.ift. 167 R. cuius (D. C. syst. 1. p. 300.) leaves rather villous, cordate, orbicular, broadly toothed ; stems erect, villous ; pedi- cels opposite the leaves; calyx reflexed ; carpels tubercled, each ending in an acuminated hooked horn. 0. H. Native of tlie island of Scio. Root calyx, and petals like those of 7?. pinlonb- t'ls. Leaves like those of R. jtarviflorus, and with the carpels of R. muricatus. Scio Crowfoot. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. PI. | foot. 168 R. coRNUTUs (D. C. syst. 1. p. 300.) leaves smooth, biternate ; segments 3-lobed, with the lobes oblong-linear, acute ; RANUNCULACEJi. XIV. Ranunculus. 41 pedicels opposite the leaves ; calyx reflexeil ; carpels finely tu- bercleil, cacli ending in a long acuminated horn. O- H. Native of Syria. This species is intermediate between Raiuincuhi/i and Ccralocephalus. Horned Crowfoot. PI. J foot. 169 R. pinna'tus (Poir. diet. G. p. 12C.) leaves villous, pin- nate ; leaflets stalked, oblong, acute, somewhat pinnatifid ; pedi- cels opposite the leaves, calyx reflexed ; carpels oval, finely tubercled, nuicronate with the short styles. ©. H. Native of the East Indies and the Cape of Good Hope. Root with blackish fibres. Stem branched, hispid. lur. a, Sonnerdlii (D. C. prod. 1. p. 42.) Native of India. R. parviflorus, var. c. Bir. ren. 46. Var. ji, Hcrmdnni, (D. C. prod. 1. p. 42.) Native of Cape of Good Hope. R. Africanus pratensi hirsiUo similis. Herm. cat. pi. afr. p. 18. /*(«Hrt/f-leaved Crowfoot. PI. 1 foot. 170 R. PARVIFLORUS (Lin. spec. 7 SO.) leaves villous, orbicular, .3-lobed, coarsely toothed or cut ; stem decumbent, covered with soft hairs ; pedicels opposite the leaves ; calyx a little reflexed, equal in length to the petals ; carpels granular-tuV)ercled. ©. H. Native almost throughout Europe in low humid places ; plentiful in Britain. Smith, eng. bot. t. 120. — Ray. angl. ;3. p. 248. t. 12. f. 1.— Mor. hist. 2. p. 440. sect. 4. t. 28. f. 1. Hairy Crowfoot. Petiv. engl. herb. t. 38. f. g. Var. /3, acul'ilobus, (D. C. prod. I. p. 42.) leaves deeply 3- lobed ; lobes cut at the apex ; teeth acute. Native of Tenerifte. Var. y, erccliis, (D. C. prod. 1. p. 42.) stem erect; leaves 5-lobed or coarsely .j-toothed. Native of Syria. SmaU-Jluwercd Cro^vfoot. Fl. May, Ju. Eng. PI. trailing. 171 R. TRiLOBus (Desf. atl. 1. p. 437. t. 113.) leaves some- what villous or smooth ; first ones roundish, crenated, the rest 3 -parted; lobes diverging, cuneated at the base, toothed at the apex ; stem erect ; pedicels opposite the leaves ; calyx at length somewhat reflexed, shorter than the petals ; carpels granularly- tubercled. G . H. Native of the regions of Mediterranean, Barbary, Cyprus, Greece, Naples, France, and of Teneriffe. R. parviflorus, var. b, Bir. ren. 46. R. Rosani Tenore. prod, fl. neap. This species is allied on the one hand to R. parv'ifldrus and on the other to R. phitoiwlis. Three-lobed-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1823. PI. J ft. 172 R. coRDiGERUs (Viv. app. fl. cors. in Schlecht. Linnsea 1. p. 502.) plant clothed witii silky hairs ; radical leaves cordate, roundish-ovate, crenate-toothed, entire, or 3-lobed, stem ones cut or quite entire ; stem usually 2-flowered, or with radical, naked, 1 -flowered peduncles; calyx reflexed; carpels tubercled. Q. H. Native of Corsica. Heart-bearing Crowfoot. PI. i foot. 173 R. sEssiLiFLORUs (R. Br. prod. fl. holl. vol. 2. ined. D. C. syst. 1. p. 302.) leaves rather villous, kidney-shaped, 3- parted or coarsely toothed ; stems procumbent ; flowers sessile, opposite the leaves ; carpels granularly-tubercled. 0. H. Na- tive of New Holland about Port Jackson. The disposition of the flowers is very near to thatof /?. nodijlurus. Sessile-jlomered Cvoviioot. Fl. June, July. PI. prostrate. 174 R. VERRUCOSUS (Sternb. in gaz. bot. ratisb. 1826.) leaves villous, stalked, ternate ; segments trifid, acutely and deeply toothed, afl stalked ; stem erect, villous ; root bulbous ; calyx reflexed ; carpels tubercled. % . H. Native about Trieste. /rar/e(/-fruited Crowfoot. PI. 1 foot. § 2. Leaves entire. 175 R. OPHioGLOssiFOLius (Vill. dauph. 4. p. 732. t. 49.) lower leaves stalked, cordate, obtuse, upper ones oblong, sessile ; stem erect, fistulous ; peduncles opposite the leaves ; ca'rpels gra- nularly-tubercled. 0. H. Native of the south of Europe in VOL. I. PART I. moist meadows and bogs, particularly in France, about Montpelier, Portugal, Italy, &c. R. flannnula var. f. Bir. ren. p. 37. R. ophioglossoides, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1320. R. cordifolius, Bast. fl. main, et loir. 207. R. Telonensis Robert. R. fistulosus, Brign. fasc. rar. pi. forogul 25. R. uliginosus, Tenore in litt. Carpels ovate, compressed. Adders' -Inigue-leavedCrowfool. Fl. Ju. Clt. 1823. PI. ^ ft- 176 R. uLiGiNo'sus (Willd. enum. 5S().) leaves ovate and lan- ceolate, serrated, smooth ; stem ascending, fistulous ; peduncles opposite the leaves ; petals length of calyx. 0. H. Native of Tenerifte. Very like R. Jldmmula and R. ophioglossijolins. Flowers as small as those of the aburtious. The immature fruit has only been seen ; they are disposed in a globose head, and appear to be granularly-tubercled. Bog Crowfoot. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1 829. PI. ^ foot. 177 R. NODIFLORUS (Lin. spec. 773.) radical leaves stalked, oval-oblong; flowers sessile opposite the leaves ; carpels granu- larly-tubercled, scarcely beaked. O- H. Native of France and Hungary, &.c. in low places where the rain remains a considerable time. Carpels collected into a globose head. Var. a, dentatus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 43.) leaves 3-nerved, toothed at the apex, Native of Hungary. R. nodiflorus. Walds. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 192. t. 176. R. nodiflorus, var. /3, Sims, bot. mag. t. 2171. var. y, siculus, &c. — Petiv. gaz. 39. t. 24. f. 9. Knot-Jioivcred Crowfoot. Clt. 1714. PI. J foot. 178 R. lateriflo'rus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 251.) leaves radical, stalked, oval-oblong; flowers sessile, opposite the leaves or axil- lary ; carpels granularly-tubercled, beaked by the elongated styles. 0. H. Native of Syria. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 30. — Cuss. hort. cath. 185. Lateral-flowered Crowfoot. PI. |^ foot. "I" Sjteeies not stiffciently knonn. § 1. Leaves entire. 179 R. OBTUsiu'scuLus (Raf. in journ. bot. 1808. vol. 1. p. 225.) Native of North America, in marshes of New Jersey. Stem erect, simple ; leaves stalked, lanceolate, bluntish ; flowers few, terminal. iJ/!(H<(Vi-leaved Crowfoot. PI. 1 foot. §2. Leaves multijid. 180 R. de'bilis (Raf. in journ. bot. 1808. vol. 1. p. 225.) Native of Pennsylvania near German-town. Stem weak ; leaves few, bifid, cut, serrated, on long half-jointed stalks ; flowers ter- minal, solitary. Weak Crowfoot. PI. procumbent, 181 R. Forskce^hlii (D. C. syst. 1. p. 303.) R. multifidus, Forsk. fl. segyp. 102. R. chserophyllos, Var. a. Bir. ren. 42. Native of Arabia. Leaves muitifid, lower ones pinnately jagged. Stem 2 feet high, erect, many-flowered, round at the base, striated at the apex, pilose ; calyx equal in length to the corolla. Forslc'dld's Crowfoot. PI. 2 feet. 182 R. Cantone'nsis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 43.) Native of China near Canton. Hecatonia pilosa, Lour, cocli. 371. D. C. syst. 1. p. 228. Stem erect, branched, pilose ; leaves pilose, ternate, lanceolate, serrated ; flowers terminal, solitary ; carpels acuminated, collected into a globose head. (Lour.) Canton Crowfoot. PI. 2 feet. 183 R. Lagasca'nus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 43.) Native of Spain. R. pubescens. Lag. cat. hort. madr. p. 19. Plant hairy; pe- duncles elongated, 1 -flowered; calyx pilose, reflexed; leaves 3-parted, 3-lobed, crenated, upper ones lanceolate, quite entire. (Lag.) Lagasca's Crowfoot. PI. ? 184 R. Hornema'nni (Schlecht. anim. 2. p. 36.) Nati\e of North America. R. tuberosus, Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 527. Calyx reflexed, 'pilose; peduncles furrowed; le.ivts triternate ; G 42 RANUNCULACEiE. XV. Casalea. XVI. Aphanostemma. leaflets 3-lobed, hairy ; root tuberous ? bulbous ? Very like R. philonotis. Horncnianris Crowfoot. PI. \\ foot. 185 R. oBTUsiFOLius (Hom. hort. hafn. 2. p. 528. Schlecht. anim. 2. p. 36.) Native of Spain. Very like R. lanuginusiis, but the lobes of the leaves are blunt. Blunt-leaved Crowfoot. PI. ? Cult. The species belonging to section Batrach'imn require to be grown in water : those belonging to sections Ranuncu- lastrum and Thbra will grow in any common garden soil, either in a moist or dry situation, and being all grumose-rooted plants, they should be increased by offsets from the roots, or by seeds ; those belonging to section Hecatonia, being all fibrous- rooted plants, should be increased by dividing the plants at the root or by seeds ; they will thrive very well in any kind of soil, but a moist situation suits most of them best, and some of them will crrow in water, such as R. biterniitus, Jldmmula, lingua, &c. and those belonging to section Eehinella, being all trifling aimual plants, only require to be sown in the open ground ; they will thrive in any kind of soil, either in a wet or dry situation. The species most worth the cultivator's care are tlie following : R. ru- tcefblus,isopyr()tdes,glacialis,alphtrh,aconMJWits,2datanifdrius. Pijrence''us, amplexicaulis, parnassijblius, grain'meus, gracilis, fu- maria-fdlius, lUyricus, Asiaticus, acris var. Jlore-pleno, repens var.Jlm-c-pleno, Krapfia, and maeropctalus, &c. In the cultiva- tion of all, the situations where each grow naturally should be consulted. XV. CASA'LEA (in honour of Abbate Manuel Ayres de Casal, who in his Corographia Brasiliana mentions many plants.) St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 8. Lin. syst. Polydndria, Polygynia. Calyx of 3-coloured, petal-like sepals. Petals 3, sometimes only 1 or 2 from abortion, usually shorter than the sepals, unguiculate, each furnished with a fleshy orbicidar scale on the inside at the base. Stamens 4-18, but generally 6. Carpels numerous, compressed, smooth, each ending in a point, disposed in hemispherical or globular heads. Small, smooth, marsh herbs, with fibrous roots and erect or decumbent rooting stems. Leaves entire or parted. Peduncles 1-flowered opposite the leaves. Flowers small, white, or yellow. 1 C. sESsiLiFLORA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 9.) stems prostrate, hairy ; leaves 3-parted, cut, pilose, ciliated, radical ones stalked, rather orbicular, upper ones almost sessile, somewhat triangular, truncately-euneated at the base ; flowers sessile ; stamens 5-6. 0. H. Native of Brazil in marshes in the province of Cis Pla- tine. Flowers yellowish ; petals white at the base. Scssilc-Jlowered Casalea. Fl. Nov. PI. prostrate. 2 C. phyteumjEFolia (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 9.) stem erect; leaves stalked, radical ones usually cordate, lower stem ones ovate, middle ones oblong-rhomboid, uppermost ones almost linear acute ; fruit bearing peduncles erectish ; stamens usually 12 ; heads of carpels ovate. © . H. Native of Brazil in marshes in the province of Minas Geraes. Ranunculus phyteumaefolius, Spreng. syst. app. 218. Sepals white, a little shorter than the petals, which are also white. Var. ft, Bonariensis (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 10.) flowers a little larger than in the species ; stem more branched ; leaves all toothed, radical ones a little smaller; stamens 5-12. ©. H. Native of Brazil in the province of St. Paul, in marshes, and of Buenos Ayres. Ranunculus Bonariensis. Pers. ench. 1. p. 103. C. heterophyllus. Smith in Rees' cycl. no. 12. Flowers white. Phytcuma-leaved Casalea. Fl. Sep. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 3 C. ficarijefo'lia (^St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 10.) plant quite smooth ; stem rather decumbent ; leaves cordate, angular, quite blunt, upper ones rather truncate at their base, orbicularly-trian- gular or ovate ; fruit bearing peduncles spreading ; flowers small ; petals elliptical-lanceolate ; stamens 5-6 ; heads of carpels glo- bose. O . H. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Grande do Sul in humid places and rivulets. Petals and sepals whitish. Far. ft, minor (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 10.) stem much smaller, erect ; leaves smaller, crenate-angular, or slightly or coarsely cienated ; radical ones more orbicular than the rest ; flowers yellow. ©. H. Native of Brazil and Buenos Ayres in marshes. Ranunculus Bonariensis, Poir. diet. 6. p. 102. Deless. icon. sel. 1. p. 29. D. C. syst. 1. p. 250. R. cochleariaefolius, Horn. cat. hort. hafn. Ficaria-leavedCasa\ea. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1817. PI. i to 4^ ft. 4 C. asce'ndens (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 11. t. 1.) plant quite smooth ; stems ascending, slender ; leaves stalked, radical ones cor- date-roundish ; coarsely crenate, stem ones cordate, crenated, up- per ones rather obovate, or somewhat obovate 3-lobed, uppermost ones very small, usually linear ; petals obovate-oblong ; stamens usually 4 ; heads of carpels cylindrically-oblong. 0. H. Native of Brazil near Monte Video in marshes. Ranunculus cordifolius, Spreng. syst. app. p. 218. Flowers white ; sepals longer than the petals. Ascending Casalea. Fl. Nov. PL ^ to |- foot. 5 C. flagellifo'rmis (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 11.) plant quite smooth ; stem creeping, rooting; leaves rather orbicular, cordate at the base, obsoletely angular ; flowers minute ; stamens usually 5 ; heads of carpels globose. ©. H. Native of Brazil in the provinces of Minas Geraes and St. Paul in marshes, as well as of Chili and Peru. Ranunculus flagelliformis, Smith in Rees' cyclop, no. 13. D. C. syst. 1. p. 251. R. hydrocotile, Domb. ined. R. reniformis, Lamb. herb. Flowers white ; petals very minute, usually 2. Var. ft, lutescens (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 12.) leaves less cor- date ; calyx and corolla yellowish. ©. H. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Grande do Sul. in bogs. Whip-formed Casalea. Fl. Sept. March. PI. creeping. Cult. Casalea is a genus of trifling annual plants not worth cultivating, except in the gardens of the curious. They only re- quire to be sown in the open ground about the middle of April, in a moist warm situation, however many of them will grow in a dry situation. XVI. APHANOSTE'MMA(a, j;™. ; faivu), jjhaino, to ap- pear, artppa, stemma, a crown, in allusion to the small petals.) St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 13. Lin. syst. Polydndria, Polygynia. Calyx of 5, coloured, petal-like deciduous sepals. Petals 5, scarcely manifest, distant, orbicular, somewhat bilabiate, in the form of glands, unguiculate, with a nectariferous hollow at the base of each, deciduous. Sta- mens and ovaries indefinite. Stigmas minute. Carpels rather orbicular, compressed, somewhat marginate, collected into a small ovate head. A smootli herb, with lobed multifid leaves. Pe- duncles opposite the leaves. Corolla v.ilvate in the bud. 1 A. apiifolium (St. Hil. 1. c.) ©. H. Native of Brazil near Monte Video, as well as of Buenos Ayres in marshes. Ra- nunculus apiifolius, Pers. ench. 2. p. 105. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 26. Stem glaucous, branched, but sometimes almost simple, with corymbose branched panicles. Leaves almost cordate, or- bicular, obtuse, divided into 5-6 lobes beyond the middle ; lobes usually trifid, middle one profoundly 5-cleft or trifid ; segments more or less toothed, bluntish ; upper leaves almost sessile 3- parted, with linear, narrow acute, <|uite entire segments, upper- most leaves sessile, linear, narrow, with two membranous auricles at the base of each. Sepals obtuse, white, or reddish. Petals much smaller than the stamens. Parsley-leaved Aphanostemma. PI. 1 to 2 feet. Cult. The seeds of this plant may be sown in a pot of earth and placed in a hot-bed, taking care to keep it moist, and when RANUNCULACEyE. XVII. Ficaria. XVIII. Caltiia. 43 the plants are of sufficient size they may be planted out in a moist or boggy situation, vhere they will probably ripen tlieir seeds, XVII. FICA'RIA (from ^ci/,v, a fig, so named, because tlie crumose roots bear tubercles resembling little figs,) Dill. nov. gen. p. 108. t. 5. D. C. syst. 1. p. 304. prod. 44. Lin. syst. Polyandna, Pia. Calyx of 3-sepals, soon falling oft'. Petals 9, foveolate on tiie inside at the base. Sta- mens and ovaries numerous. Carpels smooth, compressed, blunt. Smooth perennial herbs with yellow flowers. Petals 8 to 12. 1 F. RANUNCULOiDES (Mtt^nch. metli. 215.) roots grumose ; stem leafy ; leaves cordate ; sepals 3. 1/ . H. Native through- out the whole of Europe, in meadows, busliy ])laces, and about hedge banks. Plentiful in Britain. KaniinculusFicaria, Lin. spec. 77k Smith, engl. hot. t. SSi. Curt. lond. fasc. 2. t. 39. Mart. rust. t. 21. Fl. dan. 499. F. verna, Huds. 244. D. C. syst. 1. p. 304. Flowers golden yellow. The young leaves of this plant, according to Linneeus, are sometimes used as greens in Sweden. The particular form of the roots probably recommended this plant as a cure for the piles, hence its English name Pilewort. These roots or tubercles lie near the surface, and are sometimes laid bare by the rains, and in this state have induced the ignorant, under the influence of superstition, to fancy that it rained wheat, which the tubercles somewhat resemble. The plant is injurious in moist grass lands, but is effectually destroyed by a dressing of coal or wood ashes. We usually find the flower closed from five in the evening to nine in the morning, and in wet weather. Far. /3, multiplex ; flowers double yellow. Crorrfoot-like Pile-wort or Lesser Celandine. Fl. April. Bri- tain. PI. ^ to |- foot. 2 F. glacia'lis (Fisch. in litt. icon.) roots fibrous, fascicled ; leaves ovate; scapes naked, 1-flowered; sepals 5. ^ . H. Native of Dauria on the top of Mount Tchockondo. Caltha giacialis, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 660. Stamens and ovaries nume- rous, about the length of the calyx. Fruit imknown. Having the petals of Ficaria, but differing in the calyx being of 5 leaves. Habit of Caltha appendiculaia, D. C. syst. 1. p. 305. Icy Pilewort. Fl. April ? PI. -J foot. Cult. Ficaria will thrive well in any common garden soil, and will succeed best under the shade of trees. The double variety of F. Ranunculoides is a very desirable plant. They are easdy increased by separating the tubers of the roots in the autumn. Tribe IV. HELLE'BORE^ (plants agreeing with Helleborus,) D. C. syst. 1. p. 306. prod. 1. p. 44. Calyx and corolla imbri- cated in the bud (f. 14. a.) Petals sometimes wanting (f. 10. a.) sometimes irregidar, bilabiate, nectariferous (f. 11. e. f. 12. i.) Calyx of 5 petal-like sepals (f 11. t. f. 12. a.) Carpels capsidar, opening on the inside (f. 11. c. f. 12. c.) many-seeded. XVIII. CA'LTH A (a syncope of caXaJoc, kalathos, a goblet, in allusion to the form of the corolla, which may be likened to a golden cup.) Pers. ench. 2. p. 107. D. C. syst. 1. p. 306. prod. 1. p. 44. Lin. syst. Polydndrla, Polygijnia. Calyx coloured, of 5 or- bicular petal-like sepals (f. 1 0. a.) Petals wanting ; stamens numerous (f 10. 6.) Ovaries 5 to 10. Capsules 5 to 10 com- pressed, spreading, 1 -celled, many-seeded. Herbs perennial, very smooth, somewhat acrid. Flowers golden coloured, and their juice gives a yellow colour to butter. C. nutans has white flowers. The English name of the genus Marsh Marigold is given to it because the species inhabit humid places, and in the flowers resembling those of the Marigold. FIG. 10. Sect. I. psychropiui-a {\pvxpoQ, psychros, cold, and fiKiio, phileo, to ]o\e ; inhabitants of cold countries,) D. C. syst. 1. p. 307. prod. 1. p. 44. Calyx permanent. Scapes 1 -flowered. Radical leaves lialbert-shaped, with the appendages rising up- wards. 1 C. appendicula'ta (Pers. ench. 2. p. 107.) scape 1-flowered, very short; leaves trifid ; wedge- shaped ; sepals 5 ; pistils 8. 2/. H. W. Native on humid moun- tains in the Straits of Magellan, and on subalpine hills in Terra del Fuego. C. paradoxa, Sol. mss. Forst. Lin. soc. trans. 8. p. 34. Two lateral lobes of leaves elevated in the form of appendages. Scapes length of leaves. Sepals oblong-lanceolate marcescent (f. 10.) AppcndiculatcAeaxeA Marsh Marigold. PI. \ foot. 2 C. sagitta'ta (Cav. icon. 5. no. 456. t. 414.) scape 1- flowered ; leaves halbert-shaped, auricled ; auricles inflexed ; sepals 9-10; pistils 25. 1/ . F. W. Native at Port Egmont, in one of the Falkland islands, and in rivulets at Success Bay in South America. C. multicapsidaris, Sol. mss. Forst. Lin. soc. trans. 8. p. 324. Flowers yellow. Stamens one-half shorter than the ovate blunt sepals. Halbert-\e3.\eA Marsh Marigold. PI. \ foot. 3 C. Kamtscha'tica (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 666.) scape 1-flower- ed ; leaves ovate, quite entire, somewhat 3- nerved ; outer sepals 5, inner ones deciduous ; carpels 1 -seeded. %.. H. Native of Kamtschatka. R. Kamchaticus, D. C. syst. 1. p. 43. prod. 1. p. 48. Flowers yellow. Perhaps Ficaria giacialis will prove to be a species of Caltha. Kamtschatka Marsh Marigold. PI. § foot. Sect. II. Popula'go (from popuhis, the poplar-tree, in allu- sion to the species growing in humid places among poplar-trees, or perliaps from the shape of the leaves, which they some- what resemble.) Tourn. inst. 273. t. 145. D. C. syst. 1. p. 308. prod. 1. p. 44. — Caltha, Lin. gen. no. 703. Calyx deciduous. Stems leafy. Leaves cordate or kidney-shaped, with the auricles not inflexed. 4 C. PALu'sTRis (Lin. spec. 784.) stem erect; leaves cordate, somewhat orbicular, roundly-crenate, with- rounded auricles. %. H. W. Native almost throughout the whole of Europe, as well as of Western Asia and North America, in marshy meadows, and about the margins of ponds, rivers, and brooks. Fl. dan. 668. Smith, engl. hot. 506. Curt. lond. fasc. 1. t. 40. Stems dichotomous ; peduncles furrowed. Flowers large golden-co- loured, and if gathered before they expand are said to be a good substitute for capers. The juice of the petals boiled with alum stains paper yellow. Cows will not eat it, unless compelled by extreme hunger ; it is therefore a vulgar notion wholly imfounded, that the yellowness of butter in the spring is caused by this plant. Boerhaave says, that when kine eat the plant it occasions such an inflammation, that they generally die. Var. ft, multiplex ; flowers double. 1/ . H. W. Cultivated in gardens. far. y, minor (Mill. diet. no. 2.) stem generally 1-flowered, ascending, i;. H. Native of the north of England and Scot- land on the tops of moiuitains, in marshy places. This plant in a wild state does not exceed in size the Ficaria ranunculoides. but when cultivated it grows to the size of C. radlcans, bearing G 2 u RANUNCULACE.^. XVIII. Caltiia. XIX. Tkollius. two or three flowers on each stem. C. Fiearoides, Don, in Hed. Stat. Forf. appendix. Common Marsh Marigold. Fl. Marcli, Aprd. /5. m May. Britain. PI. a, 1 foot, y, | foot. 5 C. ripa'kia ; leaves broad-kidney-shaped sharply crenate- toothed; auricles or lobes rounded, distant, coarsely-toothed; stem erect, many-flowered. 11. H. W. Native of Britain in several places, particularly on the banks of the river Thames in marshes. Plant large, pale green. This plant appears to be the type of the Double-flowered Caltha, cultivated in gardens. /iM'fr Marsh Marigold. Fl. Ap. May. Britain. PI. U foot^. (j C. iiADicANS (Forst. in trans. Lin. soc. 8. p. .'i21. t. 17.) stem creeping; leaves triangular, somewhat cordate, sliarply crenate. IJ.H. Native of Scotland by the sides of lakes and rivulets, near Forfar; about the Pentland hills and in Roslin woods; more common in some spots near Edinburgh than C. palustris; in marshes near Collace, Perthshire. Smith, engl. hot. 2175. J?oo i:foot. 8 T. America'nus (Mulil. and Gaissenh. in Donn. cat. liort. cant.) sepals from 5-10-15, spreading; petals from 5 to 20, retuse, shorter than the stamens. IJ. . H. Native of Pennsyl- vania and New York, in shady wet places on the mountains, and in alpine rivulets on the eastern declivities of the Rocky Moun- tains. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 56. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1988. T. laxus, Sal. in Lin. trans. 8. p. 303. Gaissenia verna, Raf. schm. in journ. bot. 1808. vol. 2. p. 168. Flowers pale yellow, smaller than those of the other species. Dnmmiond affirms they are white in the plant he discovered on the Rocky Mountains. ^?7;erifn» Globe Flower. Fl.May,Jul. Clt.1805. Pl.-ito|ft. 9 T. pu'milus (D. Don. prod. ^. nep. p. 195.) sepals roundish- oval ; petals 12, linear-lingulate, blunt, one-half shorter than the stamens; radical leaves 5-parted and jagged ; stem 1-flowered. ■y.. H. Native of Nipaul at Gasaingsthan. Stem almost naked, erect, smooth ; segments of leaves pinnatifid, with the lobes lan- ceolate, entire, or acutely 3-toothed. Flowers large, orange- coloured. Divarf G\ohe Flower. Fl. Aug. PI. J. to J foot. Cull. Shewy border flowers. They will do well in any common garden soil, and are easily increased by dividing the plants at the root or by seeds. A shady moist situation suits them best. XX. ERA'NTHUS (from £pa, era, the earth, and ai^Soc, anlhos, a flower ; because the bright yellow blossoms seem to lie FIG. 11. upon the earth.) Sal. in Lin. soc. trans. 1807. vol. 8. p. 303. I). C. syst. 1. p. 314. prod. 1. p. 46. — KoUea /}(>. — Robertia Merat. Lin. syst. Polyandria, Polijgynia. Involucrum situated un- der the flower (f. 11. a.) cleft into many segments. Flower ses- sile (f. 11. b.) Calyx of from 5 to 8, coloured petal-like, ob- long, deciduous sepals (f. 11. b.) Petals from 6 to 8, tubular, very short, with an unequally two-lipped mouth (f. 11. e.) Stamens from 20 to 30. Ovaries 5-6. Capsules on pedicels (f. 1 1. c.) Seeds globose, disposed in a single row. — Pretty little tu- berous rooted plants, with divided leaves, valuable for the early period at which they flower. The English name of the genus, Jl'inter Aconite, is given to it from its time of flowering, and from the leaves resembling those of Aconite. 1 E. iiYEMA LIS (Sal. in Lin. soc. trans. 8. p. 303.) sepals from 6 to 8, oblong. 1/. H. Native of France, Switzerland, Italy, Austria, in humid shady places, at the bot- toms of mountains, on hills, and in groves. Helleborus hyemalis, Lin. spec. 783. Jacq. aust. t. 202. Curt, bot. mag. t. 3. Helleborus monan- thus. Moench. Flowers yellow. (f. 11.) n inter Aconite. Fl. Jan. Mar. Clt. 1596. PI. i foot. 2 E. Sibi'ricus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 315.) sepals 5, oval. %. H. Native of the eastern parts of Sibe- ria, in moist places. Habit of E. lujemaUs. Seeds globose, rather compressed. Siberian Winter Aconite. Fl. Mar. Ap. Clt. 1826. PI. i ft. Cult. Winter Aconite is a well-known flower. Being a low growing plant, it is well adapted for the front of flower borders, where it will thrive in common garden soil ; and it is increased rapidly by offsets from the tubers. XXL HELLEBORUS (from eXt.c, /ie/Wn, to cause death, and /Jopa, bora, food ; poisonous qualities of plants). Adans. fam. 458. Lin. gen. no. 702. Lam. ill. 499. D. C. syst. 1. p. 315. prod. 1. p. 46. Lin. syst. Poli/dndria, Polygijnia. Calyx permanent of 5 roundish, obtuse, large sepals, which are generally green. Petals from 8-10, very short, tubular, narrowest in the lower part, nectariferous. Stamens from 30 to 60. Ovaries from 3-10 ; stigmas terminal, orbicular. Capsules coriaceous. Seeds oval, disposed in two rows, on a linear double notched receptacle. Fetid, stiff', coriaceous, nearly smooth herbs with divided leaves, of dangerously cathartic qualities, especially the roots. § 1 . Scajies leafless bearing 1 or 2 flowers. 1 H. NIGER (Lin. spec. 783.) radical leaves pedate, quite smooth ; scape leafless, bearing 1 or 2 flowers and bractcas. %.W. Native of woody mountains in many parts of Europe, particularly in Provence, Piedmont, Austria, Sfyria, Greece, cS:c. Jacq. aust. t. 201. Curt. bot. mag. t. 8. Woodw. nied. bot. 1. p. 50. t. 18. Flower large, with a white or rose-coloured corolla-like calyx. The fibres of the root only are used in medicine. They areof adeep brown on the outside, white or yellowish-white within, and of a nau- seous and bitterish taste, exciting a sense of heat and numbness in the touTue, and of a nauseous smell. Neuman got from 2880 grains 380 alcoholic and 181 watery extract ; and inversely 362 watery and 181 alcoholic. Its active constituent seems to be of a vola- tile nature, ior it loses its virtues by keeping. In large doses Flowers yellow. 46 RANUNCULACEjE. XXI. Helleborus. XXII. Coptis. Black Hellebore is a drastic purgative ; in smaller doses it is diuretic and emmenagogue. It lias been used as a purgative in cases of mania, melancholy, coma, dropsy, worms, and psora. But its use requires very great caution, for its effects are very uncertain, and affected by many circumstances. — It may be ex- hibited in the form of an extract, although its activity be much dissipated by the preparation. An infusion and tincture certainly ])romise to be medicines of more uniform powers. Edin. new disp. p. 360. Black Hellebore, or Christmas Rose. Fl. Jan. Mar. Clt. l.'iOe. PI. i to 1 foot. § 2. Stem ferv-Jlowered, somewhat dicliotomous, bearing an almost sessile, cleft, or cut Jloral leaf. 2 H. orienta'lis (Gars. exot. t. 19. f. B. ex. Lam. diet. 3. p. 92.) radical leaves pedate, pubescent on the imder surface ; floral leaves almost sessile, palmate ; peduncles usually bifid ; sepals oval, coloured. 1/ . H. Native of the Levant on moun- tains. Plentiful on mountains about Thessalonica and near Con- stantinople. Desf. choix. pi. cor. p. 58. t. 45. H. officinalis. Sal. in Lin. trans. 8. p. 305. Smith fl. grKC. t. 583. Calyx purplish, permanent; stamens and petals soon falling off. An intermediate species between H. n'iger and H. viridis. This is the black hellebore of the ancients, formerly celebrated as a me- dicine in mania, epilepsy, and dropsy. It is called Zopleme by the Turks, and by the Greeks "^vapcpr), and is still kept in the shops of the East. The medicinal qualities of the root are acrid and violently purgative. Eastern Hellebore. PI. 1 foot. 3 H. purpura'scens (Walds. et Kit. pi. hung. 2. p. 105. t. 101.) radical leaves pubescent on the under surface, palmate, with the segments cuneated at the base, and from 3-5-lobed at the apex ; stem 2-flowered ; floral leaves almost sessile ; sepals roundish, coloured. % . H. Native of Hungary, Podolia, and Volhynia. Flowers purplish. Far. (3, Bocconi (D. C. prod. 1. p. 47.) stem longer than the leaves.— Boc. Mus. 2. p. 26. t. 1 1 . f. R. 1/ . H. Native of the Apennines of Etruria. Perhaps a distinct species. Purplish HAlehore. Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1817. PI. I ft. 4 H. odo'rus (Walds. et Kit. ex Willd. enum. p. 592.) radical leaves palmate, pubescent on the under surface ; segments oblong, undivided, quite entire at the base, but serrated at the apex ; stem bifid ; sepals ovate-oblong, acutish, green. 1/ . H. Native of Hungary. Like H. purpurdscens and H. vhidis, differino- i'rom the first in the flowers being green, not purplish. Sweet-scented Hellebore. Fl. Mar. Apr. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 ft. 5 H. vi'ridis (Lin. spec. 784.) radical leaves very smooth, cauline ones almost sessile, palmate ; peduncles generally bifid ; sepals roundish-ovate, green. J/ . H. Native in woods and thickets, on a chalky soil, particularly in Germany, Italy, France, and England in Oxfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Sussex, and other chalk counties, indubitably wild, although not common ; neai Hartfield, Middlesex, about Great Marlow and High Wickham, Bucks, and in the north-west part of Norfolk. Smith cng. bot. t. 200. Curt. lond. fasc. 6. t. 34. Jacq. aust. t. 106. Schkuhr. handb. no. 1536. t. 154. Blackw. herb. t. 509 and 510. Flowers green. Haller reckons up all the reputed virtues of Hellebore under this species ; which indeed seems to be what German prac- titioners have substituted for the true plant of the ancients H. orientalis. We learn from the Flora Londinensis, that the roots of this plant are used in London for the true Black Hellebore ; and pro- bably their qualities are the same, for this species is even more nearly allied to the ancient Greek plant H. orientalis than the H. ntger. Greew Hellebore. Fl. Ap. May. Britain. PI. li foot. 1 6 H. ATRORU BENS (Walds. et Kit. pi. hung. 3. p. 301. t. 271.) radical leaves very smooth, pedate, paler and shining underneath ; cauline leaves almost sessile, palmate ; stem somewhat angular, bifidly branched ; sepals roundish, coloured. 1/ . H. Native of Hiuigary in woods and bushy places, in great plenty at Kore- nicza. Flowers dark purple, particularly the edges of the sepals. Z>«r/t-;jH;7)/e-flowered Hellebore. Fl. Feb. Apr. Clt. 1820. PI. Ufoot. 7 H. dumeto'rum (Walds. et Kit. ex Willd. enum. p. 592.) radical leaves very smooth, pedate ; cauline leaves almost sessile, palmate ; stem round, bifidly branched ; sepals roimdish, green. 2/.H. Native of Hungary. Flowers green. 77;;c/ff< Hellebore. Fl. Mar. Apr. Ch. 1817. PI. 1 foot. 8 H. multi'fidus (Robert, de Visiani in fl. bot. zeit. 1829. p. 13.) stem tall, angular, bifid ; branches few-flowered ; radical leaves on long stalks, large, coriaceous, smooth, pedate-parted ; lobes dicliotomous, with an entire cuneated base ; segments narrow, lanceolate, acuminated, sharply serrated and very veiny ; floral leaves palmate-parted almost sessile ; sepals broad, ovate. % . H. Native of Dalmatia on the mountains. Resembles H. dumetontm but larger in size, and flowers more copious, but also greenish. Mtiltifd-lesived Hellebore. Fl. April, May. PI. U-3 feet. § 3. Stem leafy, many-flowered ; j>cduncles furnished with bracteas. 9 H. Fffi'TiDUS (Lin. spec. 784.) stem many-flowered, leafy ; leaves pedate, very smooth ; segments oblong-linear. 1/ . H. Native in thickets and waste ground on a chalky or gravelly soil, particidarly in Portugal, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, France, Ger- many. England more common than H. viridis in chalky coun- ties. Smith eng. bot. 613. Woodv. med. bot. t. 19. Bull, herb. t. 71. An evergreen plant with green flowers, which are tinged with purple on the edges. The whole herb is foetid, acrid, violently cathartic, with a nauseous taste, especially when fresh. The leaves, when dried, are sometimes given as a domestic medicine to destroy worms ; but they must be used sparingly, being so violent in their operation that many instances of their fatal effects are recorded. A dose of about 1 5 grains of the pow- der of the dried leaves is given to children, which proves gently emetic and purgative. The decoction of about a drachm of the fresh leaves being considered equal to 15 grains of the dry ones; it is usuallv repeated on two, and sometimes three successive mornings, and seldom fails to bring away worms, if there be any in the intestinal canal. Fcetid Hellebore. Fl. Mar. Apr. Britain. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 10 H. LiviDus (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 272.) stem many-flowered, leafy; leaves ternate, very smooth, glaucous on the under surface ; segments ovate, lanceolate. 1/ . H. Native of Corsica. Curt. bot. mag. t. 72. H. argutifolius Viv. An ever- green plant with livid flowers, a little larger than those of H. fcetidus. lar. (i, integrilobus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 47.) segments of leaves quite entire. ]!/ . H. H. trifolius. Mill. diet. no. 4. but not of Lin. Zirirf-flowered Hellebore. Fl. Jan. May. Clt. 1710. PL 1 ft. Cult. All the species of this genus will thrive well in any common garden soil, but they will grow best if planted under the shade of trees. They are easily increased by dividing the plants at the roots or by seeds. XXII. CO'PTIS (from KOTTTw, kopto, to cut, in reference to the numerous divisions of the leaves). Sahsb. Lin. soc. trans. 8. p. 305. D. C. syst. 1. p. 321. prod. 1. p. 47. LiN. sysT. Polydndria, Polygynia. Calyxof 5 or 6 coloured, petal-like, deciduous sepals. Petals small, cucuUate. Stamens RANUNCULACE^. XXIII. Isopyrum. XXIV. Enemion. XXV. Garidella. 47 from 20 to 25. Capsules from 6 to 10, on long stalks, some- what membranous, 4-()-seeded, pointed with the style, stcllately disposed. Small, smooth, stittish, perennial tufted herbs, with divided leaves and small wliite flowers. 1 C. TRiFOLiA (Sal. in Lin. soc. trans. 8. p. 305.) leaves ternate, leaflets obovate, blunt, toothed, hardly 3-lobed ; seape 1-flowered. ■)/ . H. Native of Iceland, Norway, Greenland, Siberia, and Kamtschatka in swamps in woods. North America in cedar swamps and mountain bogs, (but according to Dr. Richardson it is found in dry sandy and mossy places) from Canada to Virginia and Labrador. Hellehorus trifolius, Lin. amoen. 2. p. i}55. t. 4. f. 18. Lodd. bot. cab. 173. .Big. med. hot. 1. p. GO. t. 5. Anemone Greenlandica, Oed. fl. dan. t. oGG. A small plant with white flowers and yellow roots. It is called T'lssavoyanne-jaime by the French, all over Canada. The leaves and stalks are used by the Indians for giving a fine yellow colour to several kinds of work which they make of skins. The French dye wool, &c. yellow with this plant. The root is used about Boston in North Ame- rica as a remedy for aphthoric affections of the mouth, and also affords an agreeable stomachic bitter infusion. Three-leaved Coptis. Fl. Ap. Jul. Clt. 1782. PI. ^ foot. 2 C. ASPLENiFOLiA (Sal. in Lin. soc. trans. 8. p. 306.) leaves biternate ; leaflets rather pinnatifid, very acutely serrated ; scape 2-flowered. If. . H. Native on the north-west coast of America and Japan. Hook fl. bor. amer. p. 23. t. 11. Thalictrinu Ja- ponicum, Thunb. in Lin. soc. trans. 2. p. 337. Willd. spec. 2. p. 1303. Flowers white, larger than those of C trifiUa. Spleen ii'nrt-leaeed Coptis. PI. ^ foot. Cult. These pretty little plants will thrive best in a bed of peat earth, in a moist situation, or to be kept in pots and placed among other alpine plants. They may be increased by dividing the plants at the root or by seeds. XXTII. ISOPY'RUJM, (from i. consolida. .S7j/f Larkspur. Fl. June, July. PL 1 foot. 8 D. PusiLLUM (Labill. syr. dec. 4. p. 5. t. 2. f. 1.) stem erect, very slender, 2-4-flowered, and is as well as the leaves pubes- cent; pedicels a little longer than the linear bracteas. Q.H. RANUNCULACEiE. XXVIII. DELniiMun 51 Native near Damascus at the bottom of the mountain called Dgebcl-chcr, D. pygnia;\ini, I'oir. diet. 2. p. 458. Leaves pe- dately 3 or 5-eleft, with obloiiif or linear lobes. Flowers very few, small, of a pale-violet colour, and pubescent on the outside, with a straight awl-shaped spur. ^Hia// Larkspur. I'l. .May, June. PI. 2 inches. 9 D. TENuissiMUM (Sibth. and Smith, fl. grsec. t. 505.) stem erect, slender, a little branched, and rather pubescent at tiie apex; pedicels much longer tiian tlie awl-shaped bracteas. ©. H. Native of Greece about Athens. Flowers small, blueish- violet ; capsules smooth. Verij i/cHrfcr Larkspur. Fl. June, July. PI. }, foot. 10 U. ACONiTi (Lin. mant. p. 77.) stem erect, much branched, rather pubescent ; leaves pedately-multifid ; pedicels very long ; spur liorizontal, incurved and cleft at the top. ©. H. Native of the Dardanelles and about Damascus. Vahl. symb. 1. p. 40. t. 13. Aconitum monogynum, F'orsk. cat. pi. const, p. 27. no. 248. D. incanum, Clark, in Spreng. new. entd. 3. p. 162.? Flowers livid, variegated w ith purple and green on tlie inside. ^co»(7e-like Larkspur. FL June, July. Clt. 1801. PI. 1 foot. 1 1 D. exse'rtum (D. C. syst. 1. p. 345.) stem erect, branclied, smooth ; leaves ternate ; segments stalked, palmately-multifid ; pedicels hardly longer than the l)racteas ; spur straight ; stamens protruding. O- H. Native of the Levant. Flowers blue, very small for the size of the plant. Deless. icon. sel. t. 53. Exserted-^taxaenedi Larkspur. Fl. June, July. PI. \ foot. 12 D. ila'vum (D. C. syst. 1. p. 346.) stem erect, branched, upper part pubescent ; leaves palmately many-parted ; pedicels distant, length of flowers ; spur straight, spreading ; stamens protruding a little; capsules cylindrical, pubescent. ©. H. Native of the Levant. Deless. icon. sel. t. 54. Flowers like those of Z). aconili, but yellowisli. Var. a, vclulinum (D. C. syst. 1. p. 346.) the whole plant is pubescent; bracteoles in the middle of pedicel. Var. ft, glaiicum (D. C. syst. 1. p. 346.) plant smooth at the base, but pubescent at the top ; bracteoles at the base of the pedicels. Yellow -^owcredi Larkspur. Fl. June, July. PI. -j foot. Sect. II. Delphine'llum (a Am. oi Delphinmin, -which see). D. C. syst. 1. p. 346. prod. 1. p. 52. Ovaries 3. Petals free, smooth. Spur usually containing the appendage of one petal only. Annual plants. 13 D. ambi'guum (Lin. spec. 749.') stem erect, rather velvety ; leaves 3 or 5 -parted, with pinnati fid partitions ; racemes loose ; spur straight, pubescent, shorter than the calyx ; ovaries villous. O. H. Native of Mauritania. Flowers like those of Z). con«6- lida, blue, pubescent on the outside. Ambiguous Larkspur. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. 2 ft. 14 D. cardiope'talum (D. C. syst. 1. p. 347.) stem erect, a little branched ; leaves smooth, ternate, with multifid segments and linear lobes, those of the branches as well as the lower brac- teas are multifid ; racemes crowded ; petals stipitate, orbicular, and cordate at the base. ©. H. Native of the Pyrenees in valleys. D. peregrinum. Lam. — Moris, hist. 3. p. 466. sect. 12. t. 4. f. 3. Flowers dark blueish- violet. //earNpe>oc, zoos, alive, and oi^tf, opsls, resemblance ; plants always green, like D. Alzoon.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 332. prod. 1. p. 166. Little evergreen, tufted, perennial plants with naked scapes, and ciliated stiff" leaves. Flowers yellow, with filiform styles, which vary in length. (A proper genus, according to Andrz. in litt.) 1 D. AizoiDES (Lin. mant. 91.) scapes naked, smooth ; leaves lanceolate-linear, keeled, ciliated ; stamens about the length of tlie petals; style almost as broad as the pod. If.. H. Native on walls, rocks, and gravelly places of mountains, in France, Germany, Switzerland, Nortli of Italy, Carpatliian Mountains, Transylvania, and Britain in South Wales ; near Whormshead, 1 6 miles west of Swansea ; about Pennard Castle, near Swansea, abundantly, in inaccessible spots. Jacq. fl. aust. t. 192. Smith, eng. bot. t. 1271. Draba alpina, Crantz, aust. 1. p. 13. Aly's- sum" cili-itinn, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 479. Draba montana, Berg, phyt. univ. icon. Ma-'nchia aizoides, Roth. germ. I. p. 273. Var. ft, minor (D. C. syst. 2. p. 333.) distinguished by its smaller stature, very short leaves, and smooth pods. Draba ciliaris, D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 697. Far. y, diffusa (D. C. 1. c.) stems elongated, difflise. Draba ciliaris, Lin. mant. 91. — Ger. gallopr. p. 344. t. 13. f. 1. Aizoon-llkc or Sea-Green Whitlow-Grass. Fl. March, April. Wales. PI. 2 or 3 inches. 2 D. brachyste'mon (D. C. syst. 2. p. 334.) scapes naked, smooth ; leaves elongated, linear, keeled, ciliated ; stamens hardly equal in length with the calyx, i;. H. Native of ? Draba aizoldes, Curt. bot. mag. t. 170. — Mill. icon. 1 p. 14. t. 20. f. 2. Draba ciliaris, Lin. mant. p. 91 ? Sliort-stamened Whitlow-Grass. Fl. March, April. Clt. ? PI. 2 or 3 inches. 3 D. AizooN (Wahlenb. fl. carp. p. 193. in a note.) scapes naked, smooth ; leaves linear, acutish, keeled, stiff, ciliated ; style as broad as the hairy pod, but one half shorter. %. H. Native of Bavaria, Austria, Hungary, Transylvania, and Carpathian mountains, particularly on Mount Chocsz ; on rocks on the lower mountains. Draba ciliaris, Schrank. bav. 2. p. 177. Pods the length of pedicels, always hispid with short hairs. Alzoon or Evergreen Whitlow-Grass. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1819. PI. I foot. 4 D. cuspida'ta (Bieb. suppl. 424.) scapes naked, villous; leaves linear, acutish, keeled, ciliated; pods lanceolate, hispid, a little longer than the style. 1/ . H. Native of Tauria, Apen- nines, Spain, &c. on mountains, on rocks in places exposed to the sun. Draba aizoides. Pall, ined taur. Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 92. but not of Lin. Draba aspera, Bertol. amoen. ital. p. 92. but not of Adams. D. alpina, Cav. Pomierf-leaved Whitlow-Grass. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1821. PI. I foot. 5 D. ri'gida (Willd. spec. 3. p. 423.) scape naked, smooth, leaves oblong, stiff', blunt, keeled, sparingly ciliated, older ones reflexed ; petals length of calyx ; style not equalling the breadth of the smooth pod. 1/ . H. Native of Iberia, on rocks. Petals roundish, nearly the length of the calyx. /{?g-!rf-leavecl Whitlow-Grass. Fl. April, May. PI. -j foot. 6 D. BRYOiDEs (D. C. syst. 2. p. 335.) scapes naked, smooth ; leaves oblong, small, keeled, sparingly ciliated, inuch crowded ; petals and stamens twice the length of the calyx ; style hardl)" equalling the breadth of the smooth pod. 1/ . H. Native of Caucasus and Iberia, in alpine, rocky situations. Draba rigida, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 93. suppl. 426. Draba csespitosa, Hoffiii. hort. mosc. 1808. no. 1225. not of Willd. Petals oblong, twice the length of the calyx. Plant emulating Saxifraga bry aides, Green-Moss-llke Whitlow-Grass. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1821. El. 2 inches. 7 D. Oly'mpica (Sibth. in herb. Banks. D. C. syst. 2. p. 836.) scapes naked, velvety ; leaves linear, keeled, much crowd- ed, ciliated ; pods ovate, hoary-villous ; style very short. % . H. Native on Mount Olympus. Draba Aizoides, Smith, prod. fl. graec. 2. p. 4. but not of Lin. Pods ovate, scarcely compressed. Olymjms Whitlow-Grass. Fl. April, May. PI. 2 or 3 inches. 8 D. BRUNi/EFOLiA (Stcv. in mem. sc. nat. mosc. 3. p. 268.) scapes naked, pubescent ; leaves linear, somewhat keeled, cili- ated, acute, loosely rosidate ; petals twice the length of the calyx and stamens; pods oval, pubescent; style very short. 1/. H. Native of Eastern Caucasus, on Mount Schahdagh. Petals twice the length of the calyx. Plant loosely tufted. Z^ranm-Zcarerf Whitlow-Grass. Fl. Jun. Clt. 1825. PI. \ ft. 9 D. ERic^EFOLiA (Stcv. mem. sc. nat. mosc. 3. p. 2C8.) scapes CRUCIFER^. XXXIII. Draba. 183 naked, smooth ; leaves linear, somewhat keeled, ciliated ? acute, loosely rosulate ; petals twice the lengtli of the calyx and sta- mens ; pods oblong-elliptical, smooth; style very short. If. H. 'Native of Caucasus, on Mount Schadagii, among stones near the limits of snow. Very like I), hruii'he/ulia. //fo^/i-/mif(/ Whitlow-Grass. Fl." June. Clt. 1823. PI. | foot. 10 D. ritosA (Adams, from Fisch. in litt. D. C. syst. 2. p. 337.) scape naked, smooth, 2 or 3-flowered ; leaves linear, keeled, loosely rosidate, ciliated ; calyx pilose ; petals twice the length of the calyx and stamens ; pods roundish-ovate, smooth. If . H. Native of the north of Siberia, at the river Lena. /•(/osc-calyxed Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1825. PI. i foot. 1 1 D. a'spera (Adams, from Fisch. in litt. D. C. syst. 2. p. 337.) scapes naked, smooth ; leaves linear, keeled, stift", cili- ated ; calyx smooth ; stamens hardly the length of the calyx ; pods oblong ; style very short. If. . H. Native of the most northern part of Siberia, at the mouth of the river Lena. Habit of D. aizoldcs, TfoKg-A-leaved Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. PI. 2 inches. 12 D. Saute' Ri (Hopp. ex. Sprcng. syst. app. 240.) leaves spatulate, stiff, ciliated ; scape smooth ; stamens shorter than the corolla ; silicle ovate, smooth, crowned by the short style. ^ .H. Native of Switzerland on the Alps. Sauter's Whitlow-Grass. PI. ^ foot. Sect. II. Chrysodra'ba (from ^^nvrroc, chrysos, gold, and Draba ; that is to say golden Drabas ; flowers yellow.) D. C. sj-st. 2. p. 337. prod. 1. p. 1G7. Small perennial tufted plants with the leaves neither stiff nor keeled. Flowers yellow, with scarcely any, or very short styles. Silicles oval-oblong. 13 D. ALGiDA (Adams, from Fisch. in litt. D. C. syst. 2. p. 337.) scapes naked, pilose; leaves oblong, flat, and are pilose with simple hairs, as well as calyxes ; pods oblong ; style very short; stigma 2-lobed. If. H. Native of the north of Siberia; on the shores of the Icy-Sea towards the mouth of the river Lena, and the Bay of St. Laurence. Habit of Draba alplna, but from it, as well as all the rest of the Chrysodrabas, it differs in the Iiairs being simple, not branched ; it is also sometimes smooth. Var. /3, subcarinata (D. C. syst. 1. c.) middle nerve of leaves rather prominent on the imder surface. Var. y, bracliycdrpa (D. C. 1. c.) pods ovate, shorter. Algid Whitlow-Grass. PI. j foot. 14 D.alpi'n A (Lin. spec. 8 96. exclusive of the synonyms.) scapes naked, pubescent ; leaves lanceolate, flat, pilose with branched hairs ; pods oblong; style very short. If.. H. Native of Lap- land, on dry rocks in the Alps, and of Norway in the Alps about Dover; also of North- America, in the Bay of St. Laurence, and the island of St. Laurence. Wahl. fl. lapp. p. 173. no. 316. t. 11. f. 4. CEder. fl. dan. t. 5Q. Flowers golden yellow, a little smaller than those of Draba ah.oides. The middle nerve of the leaf in the American plant runs even to its apex, with one tooth on each side, which is not the case in the European plant. Perhaps a distinct species. yi/pHc Whitlow-Grass. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1816. PI. 3 inch. 15 D. glacia'lis (Adams, mem. soc. nat. mosc. 5. p. 106.) scapes naked, covered with starry pubescence ; leaves linear- lanceolate, entire, hispid with stellate hairs ; pods ovate, smooth ; stigma almost sessile. % . H. Native of Siberia, at the shore of the Icy Sea, at the promontory called Bykofskoy-mys, and at the river Lena, not far from a place called Shigansk. Differing from D. a'lgida, to which it is nearly allied, by the leaves being narrower, pods ovate, and the calyx more villous. /ci/ Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1825. PI. 2 inches. 16 D. re'pens (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 93. exclusive of the synonyms of Gmelin. suppl. p. 427.) scapes naked, smoothish ; leaves lanceolate, entire, pilose with 2-parted appressed hairs ; runners creeping; pods oblong, smooth. If. H. Native of Iberia in meadows, between the towns Kasbeck and Koby, also on the Caucasian Alps. Petals obovate, blunt, twice the length of the smooth calyx. Creeping Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1825. PI. i foot. 17 D. Gmeh'ni (Adams in mem. soc. nat. mosq. 5. p. 107.) scapes naked, somewhat hispid ; leaves lanceolate, hispid, pilose with stellate hairs ; runners not creeping ; pods oblong, smooth. 1/ . H. Native of Siberia, from the river Yenessei to the eastern sea even to the banks of the river Lena about Shigansk ; also on the Ural mountains. — Gmcl. sib. 3. p. 255. t. 56. This spe- cies is very like D. repcns, and is sometimes confused with it. J'ar. p, porrecta (Trin.) runners very long, but not rooting. Var. y, ceFspilosa (Willd. herb.) runners shorter, but the scapes are longer. GmeUns Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. PI. ^foot. 18 D. tridenta'ta (D. C. syst. 2. p. 539.) scapes naked, smooth ; leaves obovate, narrowed at the base into the petiole, 3-toothed at the apex, hairy; pods oblong, smooth. If. H. Native of the Alps of Caucasus. D. hispida, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 94. exclusive of the synonyms, suppl. p. 428. About the height of D. repens, but it is destitute of runners. Differing from D. hispida by its larger stature and flowers, and longer pods. Three-toot/ied-lcaved Whitlow-Grass. PI. i foot. 19 D. HISPIDA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 426.) scapes naked; leaves obovate, somewhat toothed, hispid from bifid hairs ; pods oval. If. H. Native of Cappadocia. Petals yellow, twice the length of the calyx. Style very short. Plant with the habit of Eru- phila verna. Hispid Whitlow-Grass. PI. 2 inches. 20 D. inco'mpta (Stev. in mem. soc. mosc. 3. p. 268.) scapes velvety, 3-times longer than the leaves ; leaves oblong, greyish- velvety from starry-hairs ; pedicels shorter than the flowers. 11 . H. Native of the Eastern Caucasus on rocks on Mount Ty- fendagli. Habit of Aietia Vitaliana. Flowers yellow. Petals twice the length of the velvety calyx. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 44. C^wf/ec/rcrf Whitlow-Grass. Fl.June. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 inches. 21 D. MOLLi'ssiMA(Stev.in mem. soc. nat. mosc. 3. p. 2G8.) scapes smooth, naked, much longer than the leaves; leaves imbricate, oblong, hoary-velvety with stellate hairs ; pedicels longer th.in the flowers. •Jf . H. Native of Eastern Caucasus on Alp. Schadagh. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 45. Flowers yellow, about the size of those of D. aizoides. (f. 49.) Softest Whitlow-Grass. Fl. Ju. PI. 1 to 2 inches. 22 D. Jorulle'nsis (H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 78.) stem leafy, villous ; radical leaves oblong-elliptical, stalked, some- what velvety ; pods elliptic.il, pu- bescent. Tf.F. Native of Mexico on the burning mount Jorullo. Petals obovate, hardly longer than tlie calyx. Jorullo W'hitlow-Grass. PI. i to ^ foot. 23 D. Tolucce'nsis (H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 78.) stems leafy, smoothish ; radical leaves oblong, somewhat hoary; pods elliptical, smooth. Tf.F. Native of colder parts of Mexico, particularly near the town of Tolucco at the height FIG. 49. 184 CRUCIFER^. XXXIII. Draba. of 2140 feet. Very like D. JorulUnsis. Flowers unknown. Pods elliptical, pointed by the short style. Trunk of root woody. Tolucco Whitlow-Grass. PI. \ foot. Sect. III. Leucodra'ba (from Xeukoc, leucos, white, and Draba, that is to say, Draba with white flowers.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 342. prod. l.p. 168. Small perennial tufted plants, with white flowers, and blunt or emarginate petals ; leaves flaccid, not stifle. 24 D. borea'lis (D. C. syst. 2. p. 342.) scape hairy, bearing 1 ovate leaf, tlie rest of the leaves are oblong and narrowed at the base, entire, velvety with branched hairs ; pods ovate. 1/ . H. Native of the island of St. Paul. Petals white, oblong- cuneated, twice the length of the calyx. Northern Whitlow Grass. PI. \ ibot. 25 D. oblonga'ta (R.Br, in Ross's voy. append.) scapes naked, somewhat hairy with floecose down ; leaves rosulate, oblong- linear, entire, ciliated and velvety ; pods oblong-elliptical, vel- vety. !{.. H. Native of North America in the polar regions, particularly at Baffin's Bay. Style very short. 06/o«g-podded Whitlow-Grass. Fl. Mav, June. Clt. 1820. PI. i foot. 26 D. corymbosa (R. Br. in Ross's voy. append.) scapes naked, rather hispid ; leaves densely rosulate, oblong, narrowed at the base, ciliated, and somewhat hispid ; pods elliptical, corym- bose, rather hispid. 1/ . H. Native of the polar regions of North America, particularly at Baffin's Bay. Pods elliptical ; Style very short, and terminated by the somewhat capitate stigma. Corywicsc Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Pl.ift. 27 D. Wormskio'ldii (Fisch. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 874.) leaves oblong, with one tooth on each side ; scape 1 -leaved, and is, as well as the leaves, beset with branched pili ; flowers in corymbs; silicles oblong, smooth. 7/ . H. Native in the ex- treme eastern parts of Siberia. Flowers white. Wormskiold' s Whitlow-Grass. PI. '- foot. 28 D. murice'lla (Wahl. fl. lapp. 178. no. 318. t. 11. f. 2.) scape naked, velvety ; leaves oblong, entire, greyish-velvety with stellate hairs; pods oblong-lanceolate, smooth. 1/. H. Native of Norway, Lapland, on dry hills, and perhaps on the western coast of North America and Labrador. D. hirta, Oeder. fl. dan. t. 214. D. Liljebladii of Wallm. D. nivalis, Liljcbl. nov. act. ups. 6. p. 47. t. 2. f. 2. Flowers small, whitish. Pods ob- long-lanceolate, acute at both ends, and very smooth. Var. jS, cce s'la (Adams, in mem. soc. nat. mosc. 5. p. 268.) differing from the species in the flowers being sulphur-coloured, not whitish, and with the leaves rarely toothed. % . H. Native of the north of Siberia at the mouth of the river Lena, at the promontory called Bykofskoy-mys. Little-hispid Vihitlow-Giass. Fl. May,Ju. Clt. 1825. PI. I ft. 29 D. HI RTA (Lin. spec. 897.) scapes puberulous, bearing 2 dentate leaves ; radical leaves oblong, nearly entire, puberu- lous ; pods oblong, and are, as well as the pedicels, smooth. 7^. H. Native of Lapland, Norway, and Greenland, on dry shaded rock in the lower mountains. Wahl. fl. lapp. p. 175. no. 319. t. 11. f. 3. A very polymorphous plant, which is often con- fused with D. rupestris. I ar. ji, apicola (Wahl. 1. c. t. 11. f. 1.) more stiff' and dwarfer habit, and the hairs are more stellate than in the other varieties. 11 . H. Native on the higher mountains of the above men- tioned countries. 'V(r. y, Norvegica (Gunn. fl. norv. 2. p. 106. no. 846.) radi- cal leaves larger, soinewhat cuneated, acute, toothed, crowded. 11. H. Draba Pyrenaica, Oed. fl. dan. t. 143. but not of Lin. Native of the Alps of Norway, especially near Port Olaus. Var. ^, siliqiidsa (Cham, et Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 23.) plant with a more lose habit ; siliques longer. $ . H. Native of Unalaschka. Leaves broader and more toothed. Sepals beset with simple and forked hairs towards the apex. Siliques 9-lines long, //airi/ Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1817. PI. i to "2 and even f foot. 30 D. rupe'stris (R. Br. in hort. kevv. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 91.) scapes puberulous, naked or bearing one leaf; leaves lanceolate, pilose, almost entire ; pods lanceolate, and are, as well as the pedicels, pubescent. 2/ . H. Native on rocks near the summit of Ben Lawers in Scotland, also on rocks in the mountains of Norway ; North America, in the Bay of St. Lawrence, also in the islands of Unalaschka and St. Lawrence. Draba hirta. Smith, fl. brit. 2. p. 677. engl. bot. t. 1338. but not of Lin. Draba stel- lata. With. fl. brit. 565. Pods lanceolate, hairy-pubescent with very short simple or forked hairs, sometimes but very rarely smooth. Bock Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. Scotland. PI. 2 or 3 in. 31 D. niva'lis (Willd. spec. 3. p. 427.) scapes naked or one leaved, smooth ; leaves oblong-linear, ciliated, and somewhat pilose ; pods elliptic-oblong, and are, as well as pedicels, smooth. If.. H. Native of Lapland, Norway, Switzerland, Savoy, and Dauphiny, in rocky places on the higher alps. D. stellata, Oed. fl. dan. t. 142. Pods elliptical-oblong, quite smooth. ^'hoh' Whitlow-Grass. Fl. April, Ju. Ch. 1820. PI. 1 or 2 in. 32 D. Lai'po'nica (Willd. herb, from Stev. obs. ined. D. C. syst. 2. p. 344.) scapes naked, very smooth ; leaves lanceolate, quite entire, rather pilose ; pods elliptical-oblong, and are as well as the pedicels very smooth. % . H. Native on rocks in the Alps of Lapland and Greenland ; North America in the Bay of St. Lawrence. D. Androsacea, Wahl. fl. lapp. 174. no. 317. t. 11. f. 5. exclusive of the synonyms. D. Wahlenbergii, Hartni. More loose in habit than D. nivalis, Lai^land Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1824. PI. 2 or 3 in. 3$ D. Helve'tica (Schleich. pi. dr. Switz. D. C. syst. 2. p. 345.) scapes naked, very smooth ; leaves lanceolate, ciliated ; pods oval, and are, as well as pedicels, very smooth. 1/ . H. Native of Switzerland near the limits of snow on the rocky top of Wendigletscher about Engelberg. D. cilii\ris, Wahl. helv. p. 122. no. 671. but not of Lin. ^'wiw Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 inch. 34 D. Fladnize'nsis (Wulf in Jacq. misc. 1. p. 147. t. 17. f. 1.) scapes 2 or 3-leaved, smooth; leaves oblong-linear, stifflv- ciliated ; pods oblong, and are, as well as the pedicels, very smooth. 1/ . H. Native of Croatia, Carniolia, and Carinthia, on rocks in the higher mountains above Fladniz ; also in Transylvania. D. Androsacea, Willd. spec. 3. p. 428. D. ciliata. Scop. cam. no. 787. t. S3. D. ciliaris, Hort. syn. 354. Flowers few, approximate; sepals green, oval. y'/of/w/a Whitlow-Grass. Fl. July. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 inch. 35 D. TOMENTOSA (Clairv herb. val. p. 217? Wahl. fl. helv. p. 123. no. 672. t. 3.) scape 1 or 2-leaved, velvety; leaves oval-oblong, downy with short stellate-tomentum ; pedicels pubes- cent; pods oval, ciliated. 1/. H. Native throughout the higher Alps of Switzerland in the chinks of dry rocks on Gemmy and Stockhorm ; central Pyrenees at Valley d'Aure, on the mountain called Penne-blanque ; also on the tops of the Carpathian moun- tains at the height of 6200 feet. D. diibia, Sut. Petals white, 3 times longer than the calyx. Pods pointed by the punctiform stigma. D. hirta. Towns, itin. hung. 490. Tonjeniose Whitlow- Grass. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1819. PI. 1-2 in. 36 D. CHAMissoNi ; scapes 2-3-leaved, clothed with stiff' short tomentum, as well as the leaves ; leaves oval-oblong; pedicels usually exceeding the length of the silicle ; silicles pubescent, acute; stigma evidently 2-lobed. 11. H. Native of North America in the island of Unalaschka and the Bay of St. Lawrence. D. stellata, Cham, et Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 22. This plant CUUCIFER.E. XXXIII. Duaha. 185 has a much more loose habit than D. steUala, with longer pedi- cels and longer styles. Chamisso's Whitlow-Grass. PI. 3 to 4 inches. 37 D. stella'ta (Jacq. vind. 113. obs. no. 54. t 4. f. 3.) scapes 1-leaved, pnbescent ; leaves oval-oblong, downy with stel- late short hairs ; pedicels pnbernlous ; pods oblong (f. 46. j.) % . H. Native in fissnres of rocks in very high places exposed to the snn, in the Pyrenees ; also in the same sort of places in the Alps of Provence, Dauphiny, Piedmont, Savoy, Switzerland, Austria, Salzburg, Styria, Transylvania, &c. Sec, Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 46. f. B. D. hirta, Jacq. austr. t. 432. D. Austriaca, Crantz. anstr. p. 12. t. 1. f. 4. Flowers very small and white. Pods oblong, usually very smooth. I'ar. fl, hebecdrim (D. C. syst. 2. p. 346.) pods velvety with down. ^•/(•//ff/c-haired Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 to 3 inches. 38 D. l.e'vipes (D. C. syst. 2. p. 346.) scapes naked, or bear- ing 1 leaf, pubescent ; leaves ovate, downy with short stellate hairs ; pods elongated, linear, and are as well as the pedicels very smooth. 7/. H. Native of the Pyrenees on rocks. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 46. f. A. Very like the two preceding plants. Siiwolh-pedicelled Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May. PI. 2 inches. 39 D. siLiaiosA (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 94. suppl. p. 428.) scapes 2-leaved, somewhat pubescent ; leaves linear-lanceolate, somewhat toothed, villous with branched hairs ; pods linear, and are as well as pedicels smooth. 2/. H. Native of the Alps of Caucasus. Petals white, oblong, hardly eraarginate. Pods linear. Long-podded Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, July. PI. 2 inches. 40 D. LACTEA (Adams, mem. soc. nat. mosc. 5. p. 194.) scapes naked, smooth ; leaves oblong-linear, acute, very entire, pilose ; pods oblong-elliptic, pointed by the short style, and are as well as the pedicels smooth. ~il, H. Native of the north of Siberia on the shores of the Arctic sea, about the mouth of the river Lena. Petals cream-coloured, with short claws. il/;7i--coloured-flovvered Whitlow-Grass. Fl. July. PI. 2 inch. 41 D. calyci'na (Desv. jour. bot. 3. p. 185.) scapes naked, smoothish, 1-flowered ; leaves oblong, narrowed at the base, pilose, entire ; pods linear, smooth. % . G. Native of Peru. Petals white, oblong, a little longer than the calyx. Root long, perpendicidar. Large-cali/xed Whitlow-Grass. PI. 2 or 3 inches. Sect. IV. Hola'rges (meaning imknown.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 348. prod. 1. p. 170. Plants annual or biennial. Style short. Flowers white, very rarely yellow. 42 D.iNCA'NA(Lin. spec. 897. Cham. etSchlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 23.) stems nimnerous from the root, naked or clothed with the ves- tiges of theleaves of the preceding year, usually branched emulating stolons, terminated in a tuft of leaves at the top, from which the floriferous branches emerge ; leaves elliptical, quite entire, rarely toothed, tapering into the petiole ; cauline leaves ovate, acute, toothed ; pods elliptical, acute at both ends, beset with simple or branched hairs. 1/. H. Native of the islands of Kamtschatka, Unalaschka, and St. Paul. Flowers white, with emarginate petals, at first corymbose, but at length racemose. Plant pubescent, when young tomentose, but when in fruit it is smooth. I'ar. /3, Kamtschdtica ; plant more pubescent with starry down, mixed with larger simple hairs. 1/ . H. Native of Kamt- schatka. Plant more slender and more tufted. Pods narrower. Seeds elliptical, not acute. J^ar. y, Redoivslciiina ; plant slender, clothed with dense cine- reous pubescence ; siliques densely-pubescent, twisted ; peduncles length of pods ; stigma 2-lobed. Hoary Whitlow-Grass. Pi, ^ foot. VOL. I. PART II. 43 D. conto'rta (Elirh. beitr. 7. p. 155.) stem leafy, branch- ed, velvety with stellate down ; leaves ovate, toothed, hoary ; pods oblong, smooth, somewhat twisted. ^ . H. Native of Britain on Alpine limestone rocks, particularly on the summits of moun- tains in Wales, Westmoreland, and Scotland ; upon the top of Ingleborough, Yorkshire ; upon Ben Lawers, Loch-na-gair, and Cairn-gorm, Scotland ; on heaths on the east coast of Sunderland near Wilk-house ; also in the Pyrenees, Caucasus, Greenland, Unalaschka, and Labrador. D. incana, Smith, engl. bot. t. 388. Flowers white; petals bluntly emarginate. D. incana /J, Willd. spec. 3. p. 430. Far. l3, lincar'ifblia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 348.) stem much branched ; leaves linear, hardly toothed; pods a little longer than those of the species. $.\l. Native of Greenland. Perhaps a jiroper species. Tji'/s/wZ-poddcd Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. \ to 1 foot. 4t D. coNFu'sA (Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 155.) stem leafy, some- what branched, velvety with short stellate down ; leaves oblon"', somewhat toothed, hoary ; pods oblong, pubescent, loncrer than the pedicels. $ . H. Native of Norway, Finmark, Sweden, Val- lais, also on the Caucasian Alp called Schahdagh, and on the Altaian mountains, in dry fields and on hills. D. incana, Fl. dan. t. 130. Difl'ering from D. contorta, in the pods being ter- minated by a longer style, pubescent, rarely twisted. J'ar. ft, ptiiicijolia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 348.) leaves fewer on the stem. cj . H. Native of Kamtschatka and Labrador. C'oh/h4T(/ Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, July. Clt.? PI. | to 1 ft. 45 D. cine'rea (Adams, mem. soc. nat. inosc. 5. p. 103.) stem simple, leafy, somewhat pubescent ; leaves oblong-linear, entire ; pods oblong, pubescent, shorter than the pedicels. ^ . H. Native of sterile mountainous places in the north of Siberia, at the mouth of the river Dschulamda in the Lena, near the town called Schigansk or Sayansk. Very like D. conjusa, but differ- ing in the stem being more lax and weaker, and less leafy. Stem leaves 5 or 6 entire, scattered. Cinereous Whitlow- Grass. Fl.Ju.July. Clt. 1820. PI. i to | ft. 46 D. Magella'nica (Lam. diet. 2. p. 328.) stem simple, leafy, velvety ; leaves oblong, entire ; pods oblong, velvety, longer than the pedicels. $ . H. Native of the Straits of INIagellan at the edges of mountain woods. Nearly allied to D. conjusa, but differing in the stem being simple, not branched, and in the leaves being entire, not toothed. Flowers white. Magellan Whitlow-Grass. Fl. Aug. Dec. PI. -J^ to J foot. 47 D. ARABf SANS (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 28.) stem leafy, somewhat branched, and rather pubescent ; leaves lanceolate, acute, toothed ; pods linear, smooth, longer than the pedicels. ^ . H. Native of North America on rocks by river sides. In New Englandand atlake Champlain. Draba A'rabis, Pers. Habit of A'rabis. Pods erect, t%visted, pointed by the style, about 5 lines long. A tufted plant, with short sterile stems, and elon- gated, flowering ones. Flowers white. Arahis-like Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. PI. \ foot. 48 D. Dau'rica (D. C. syst. 2. p. 350.) stem leafy, branched, somewhat pubescent ; leaves ovate, toothed, pul)escent ; pods oblong, smooth, longer than the pedicels. $ . H. Native of Dauria in the mountains, called Yablonoi Chrebet. Petals white, somewhat emarginate, narrowed at the base, twice the length of the calyx. Stigma capitellate. Daurian Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1824. PI. h foot. 49 D. Unalasciikia'na (D. C. syst. 2. p. 350.) stem leafy, simple, pubescent ; leaves ovate-oblong, entire, pubescent ; j)ods oblong, hairy. $ . H. Native of the island of Unalaschka. Petals obovate, emarginate, twice tl-.e length of the calyx. Flowers 4 or 6, disposed in a racemose-corymb. Stems rather decumbent. Bb 186 CRUCIFERiE. XXXIII. Draba. Unalaschka Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, Ju. PI. ^ to | foot. ,00 D. au'rea (Vahl. from Horn. fl. oecon. ed. 2. p. 599. fl. dan. t. 1460.) stem leafy, somewhat branched, velvety ; leaves oblonfT-linear, acute, entire, pubescent ; pods linear, puberulous, twice or thrice the length of the pedicels. $ . H. Native of Greenland. Hook. bot. mag. 2924. This is the only species in this section with yellow flowers, the rest being all white. Petals obovate, blunt, clawed. &'oWfH-flowered Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, Jime. Clt. 1824. PI. i foot. Sect. V. DRABE'LLA(a diminutive of Draba.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 3o\. prod. 1. p. 171. Annual or biennial j)lants. Style none. Flo\t'ers small, yellow, or white. 51 D. lu'tea (Gihb. fl. lith. in Ust. del. op. 2. p. 357.) stem branched, leafy, pubescent; leaves oval, denticulated, pubescent; pods elliptical-oblong, smooth, containing from 20 to 40 seeds. 0. H. Flowers racemose, small, yellow. Petals blunt, almost elliptical, longer than the calyx. Far. a, brcvipes (D. C. syst. 2. p. 351.) pedicels hardly twice the length of the pods. ©. H. Native of Armenia or Cappa- docia. Draba Pontica, Desf. cor. Tourn. p. 67. t. 51. ann. du. nuis. 11. p. 381. t. 38. far. /5, longipes (D. C. 1. c.) pedicels three or four times longer than the pod. Q. H. Native of the north of Caucasus in grassy places and on hills ; about Grodno, Dorpath, Moscow, Petersburg!! ; also in the Ural mountains and Dauria. D. lutea, Gilib. 1. c. D. muralis, Steph. fl. mosc. p. 29. Bieb. fl. taur. no. 1246. suppl. p. 428. re//o«'-flowered Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1825. PI i foot. 52 D. N£M0RA~ LIS (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 043. Houtt. pfl. syst. 1. t. 60. f. 1.) stem branched, leafy, pubescent ; leaves ovate, tooths, pubescent ; pods elliptical-oblong, containing from 32 to 36 seeds, velvety with small hairs. ©. H. Native of Japan by way-sides ; in Russia in groves ; in Tauria and Caucasus in fields ; in Transylvania in shady mountains ; in the Carpathian mountains and the Pyrenees. It is said also to grow in Sweden and North America. Draba muralis, Thunb. fl. jap. 9.59. Flowers yellow, differing but little from D. lutea, unless that the l)ods aie pubescent, not smooth. Grove Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1759. PI. * foot. 53 D. MURA LIS (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 643.) stem branched, leafy, pubescent ; leaves ovate, toothed, somevvhat cordate, stem-clasp- ing, rather hairy ; pods elliptical-oblong, smooth, containing 12- 16 seeds. ©. H. Native of England on the shady sides of limestone mountains, but rare. In several parts of Craven, York- shire, about Malham Cove ; at old Malton on walls, on the Wardon hills, Bedfordshire, on dry banks at Emborough, Somersetshire, naturalised on the walls of Chelsea Botanic Garden, as likewise about the old Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. It is also to be found throughout the whole of Europe on the shady sides of walls, rocks, and mountains. Smith, engl. bot. t. 912. Lam. ill. t. 53 shape of leaves ?). D. C. syst. 2. p. 359. prod. 1. p. 172. Sili- cles globose, somewhat 4-sided at the base, with rather stiff' valves. Dissepiment bounded by narrow linear areolae. Filaments 4, jointed at their middle. Style short ; stigma 2-lobed. Tiiis section is considered of sufficient importance by Mr. Brown to constitute a distinct genus. 1 C. sAXATiLis (Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 471.) pods pea-formed, smooth ; radical leaves oblong, toothed, pilose, cauline ones linear-oblong. T/.H. Native of France, Switzerland, Italy, 'i'ransylvania, antl the Carpathian mountains, on calcareous rocks and in rugged places. Myagrum saxatile, Lin. spec. 894. Jacq. austr. t. 128. Vind. t. 257. Nasturtium saxatile, Crantz. anstr. 1. p. 14. t. 1. f. 2. Alyssum alpinum. Scop. cam. ed. 2. no. 793. Alyssum myagroides, All. ped. no. 887. Kerni^ra myagroides, Medik. in Ust. new. ann. 2. p. 42. Camelina saxatilis, Pers. ench. 2. p. 191, Alyssum rupestre, Willd. enum. 2. p. 612. but not of Tcnore. Camelina myagroides, Moretti in giorn, fis. pav. 1820. bim. 1. Flowers white. far. /3, Inctsa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 360.) leaves lyrate or pinna- tifid. — Mor. hist. 2. p. 293. no. 11. sect. 3. t. 17. fig. ult. Myagrum saxatile ft. D. C. suppl. 597. Ruck Scurvy-Grass. Fl. May, Jidy. Clt. 1775. PI. | ft. 2 C. auricula'ta (Lam. diet. 2. p. 165.) pods pea-formed, smooth ; radical leaves oblong, toothed, pilose ; cauline ones cordate-sagittate. 11 . II. Native on the mountains of Auvergne, Savoy, Cevennes, and the Pyrenees ; on calcareous rocks. Mya- grum montanum. Berg. phyt. 3. p. 140. icon. Myagrum saxa- tile ft, Willd. spec. 3. p. 410. M. alpinum, Lapeyr. abr. p. 362. Cheiranthus auriculatus, Lapeyr. abr. 362. Myagrum auricula- turn, D. C. suppl. 597. Differing from Cochl. saxdlilis in the cauline leaves being cordate-sagittate at base, with acute auricles, not sessile. Flowers white. f'flmMeaved Scurvy-Grass. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1820. Pl.-^, ft. 3 C. ? ALYssofoEs (D. C. prod. 1. p. 172.) pods globose, in- flated with the calyx ; leaves oblong, blunt, sinuately-toothed, thickish, radical ones stalked, upper ones half-stem-clasping. Native of the East Indies. Alyssum cochlearioides, Roth. nov. pi. spec. 322. Perliaps a species of Vesicdria. Alijssum-lihe Scurvy-Grass. PL 1 foot. Sect. II. Armora'cia (a name of Celtic origin, from ar, near, mor, the sea, rich, against, that is to say, a plant growing near the sea). D. C. syst, 2. p. 360. prod. 1. p. 172. Silicle ellip- tical or oblong. Style short, filiform ; stigma capitate, nearly disciform. Leaves large, oblong. Flowers white. 4 C. armora'cia (Lin. spec. 904.) pods ellipsoid; radical leaves large, oblong, crenated, cauline ones elongated, lanceolate, toothed, or cut ; root large, fleshy. 1/ . H. Native of Europe in watery mountainous places. In England about Alnwick, and elsewhere in Northumberland; in several parts of Craven in Yorkshire. Common in waste ground, about orchards and farm- yards from the refuse of gardens. In France in Dauphiny, at a place called Roxans; also in Switzerland, Germany, and Transyl- vania, Woodv. med. bot. 3. p. 406. 1. 150. Smith, engl. bot. t. 2223. Schkuhr. handb. 2. p. 229. t. 181. Cochl. rusticana. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 471. Armoracia lapathifolia, Gilib. fl. lith. in Ust. del. op. 2. p. 359. Flowers with a spreading calyx. The horse-radish is Bb 2 188 CRUCIFERyE. XXXV. Cociileakia. called upon the Continent Cran, Crun de Brelagne, Ze Grand Raiforl, (Fr.) Bceredyck, (Germ.) Ramolaccio, (Ital.) The root of this plant has a pungent smell, and a penetrating acrid taste ; and it also contains a sweet juice, which sometimes exudes upon the surface. Einhoff has discovered that the acrimony of horse- radish is owing to a volatile oil of a pale yellow colour, and which has the consistence of oil of cinnamon. The liquid ob- tained from the root gave traces of sulphur by distillation. The tincture deposits crystals of sulphur, which are of a yellow colour, and when exposed to flame exhale a peculiar sulphuric fla- vour ; this is no doubt the case with all cruciferous plants. Both water and alcohol extract its virtuesby infusion. By drying it loses all its acrimony, becoming first sweetish, and afterwards almost insipid ; if kept in a cool place, such as a shed or cellar, covered with sand or dry earth, it retains its pungency for a considerable time. It is an extremely penetrating stimulus. It excites the solids, and promotes the fluid secretions. It has frequently been of service in some kinds of scurvy and other chronic disorders, and is sometimes recommended in dropsies, particularly those which sometimes follow intermittent fevers. It is said also to excite appetite when the stomach is weakened or relaxed. Taken in considerable quantities, it provokes vomiting. Thomas Ber- tholini extols its virtues in the stone from experience : he affirms the juice oi horse-radish dissolved a calculus of stony concretion that was taken out of a human body. An infusion of it in cold milk makes one of the safest and best cosmetics. The root scraped into shreds is a well-known accompaniment of English roast beef. Two excellent modes of cultivating the horse-radish have lately been described in the Horticultural Society's Trans- actions by Knight and Judd. Both agree in trenching the soil to a considerable depth, and patting the manure at the bottom of the trench; but Knight plants the sets on the surface, and cal- culates on the root that strikes down to the dung for produce. Judd, on the other hand, makes holes quite to the bottom of his trenched soil, and in each drops a set, filling up the hole with wood-ashes, rotten tan, or sand, calculating for produce on the shoots made from the set at the bottom of the hole up through the sand or ashes to the surface. Either mode will do extremely well. The following excellent instruction is given by J. Knight in Hort. Trans. 1. p. 207. " Horse-radish thrives best in deep, soft, sandy loam, that is not very dry in summer nor inundated in winter ; the situation nnist be open. During winter trench the ground tliree feet deep, and in the following February procure the sets, in the choice of which take the strongest crowns or leading buds, cutting them about two inches long. Mark out the ground, four feet beds, and one foot alleys, then take from the first bed nine inches of the top soil, laying it upon the adjoining bed, after which take out an opening at one end of the bed, in the common way of trenching, 1 5 inches deep from the present surface, then level the bottom, upon which plant a row of sets across the bed at nine inches apart each way, with their crowns upright ; afterwards dig the next trciK-h the same width and depth, turning the earth into the first trench over the row of sets, thus proceeding trench after Irench to the end for as many beds as are wanted. The plants must be kept clear of weeds during siunmer, and as soon as the leaves decay in autumn, let them be carefully raked off with a wooden- toothed rake ; in the following February 18 inches of the earth of the implanted bed must be laid as light as possible and equally over tlie bed.s that are planted, then trench and plant the vacant beds as before directed. The following autumn the first planted horse-radish may be taken up by opening a trench at one end of the bed to the bottom of the roots, so that the sticks or roots of horse-radish may l)e taken up entire and sound, which for size and quality will be such as have not been seen. The followins February the one year old crop will require additional earth as before directed, which must of course be taken from those beds which are now vacant, which when done, if the ground appears poor or unlikely to produce another vigorous crop, they must have a coat of manure." " Upon every alternate bed, which is not planted, a dwarf annual crop may be grown, such as sjmiach or radishes." A moist soil increases its bitter and alkaline flavour. Common Horse-radish. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. 2 feet. 5 C. macroca'kpa (Waldbt. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 101. t. 184.) pods ellipsoid; radical leaves large, oblong, crenated, cauline ones lanceolate-toothed ; teeth cartilaginous ; root fleshy; sepals erect, i;. H. Native of Hungary and Transylvania in humid meadows or marshes. Armoracia macrocarpa, Baumg. fl. transyl. 2. p. 240. Cochl. crassifolia, Willd. herb. Flowers and fruit a little larger than those of Cochl. armoracia, and the taste of the root is less acrid. It may be used in the same manner. Zorgc-;)0(/f/erf Horse-radish. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1806. PI. 2 ft. 6 C. microca'rpa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 362.) pods globose ; leaves oblong, auriculately-stem-clasping at the base, toothed. 2/ . H. Native of Siberia at Krivoluka. C. armorkcia ? Pall. herb. C. Altaica, Schleeht. in herb. Willd. from Stev. obs. ined. Habit of Myagrum Austrlacum or Lejiidium Draha. Stem branched. Pods small. Small-podded Horse-radish. PI. 1 foot. Sect. III. Co'chlear (for derivation see genus ; form of leaves). D. C. syst. 2. p. 362. prod. 1. p. 17G. Silicles of various forms, but never emarginate at the top. Style very short or wanting altogether. Spreading plants, with usually kidney-shaped hollow leaves. Flowers white or tinged with purple. 7 C. glastu-o'lia (Lin. spec. 904.) silicles somewhat globose ; cauline leaves cordately-sagittate, stem-clasping, acuminated, entire. $ . H. Native about Ratisbon, in Dauphiny in fields, in the gardens of Corsica, in Portugal on the banks of Douro. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1804. t. 181.— Lob. icon. t. 321. f. 2.— Mor. oxon. 2. p. 312. sect. 3. t.21. f. 3. A smooth, branched, glaucous herb. Woad-leaved S,c\xr\y-GriiS%. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1648. PI. 1 to 3 feet. 8 C. OBLONGiFO'LiA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 363.) pods roundish one-half shorter than the pedicels ; cauline leaves oblong, entire, sessile, upper ones with very short auricles. 1/. H. Petals twice the length of the calyx. Jar. a, Draha cochlearioldes (Langsdorf, from Fisch. in litt.) Native of the islands of St. Paul, St. Laurence, and Unalaschka. Jar. ft, Cochlearia A'nglica e Kamischdtka (Pall, in herb. Willd.) Cochl. KamtschStica, Schleeht. in herb. Willd. Native of Kamtschatka. A smooth, branching, fleshy herb. Leaves more narrowed towards the base. Flowers smaller. Ohlong-leavcd Scurvy-Grass. Fl. April, May. PI. \ foot. 9 C. A'nglica (Lin. spec. 903.) pods ovate, sub-globose, netted with veins, twice as short as the pedicels ; radical leaves stalked, ovate, entire, cauline ones oblong, toothed. ©. H. Native of Britain, Norway, Lapland, &c. on the muddy sea- shore, and about the mouths of large rivers. Oed. fl. dan. t. 329. Smith, eng. bot. 552. Cochl. Groenlandica, Gun. norv. no. 196. Cochl. ovalifolia, Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 436. English Scurvy-Grass, Fl. May. Britain. Plant variable in size. 10 C. officina'lis (Lin. spec. 903.) pods ovate-globose, twice as short as the pedicels ; radical leaves stalked, cordate, cauline ones ovate, toothed, angular. $ . H. Native on the sea-coast, in stony or muddy situations, abundantly throughout North Europe; plentiful in Britain. Oed. fl. dan. t. 135. Woodv. med. bot. 1. p. 86. t. 29. Smith, eng. bot. t. 551. CRUCIFER.E. XXXV. Cociilearia. 189 Savi, mat. metl. tosc. p. 25. t. 18. Tratt. arch. 5. t. 23G. C. renifolia, Stok. bot. mat. med. ;i. p. 435. Var. /), minor (Smitli, fl. brit. 2. p. 688.) C. Danica, Gun. norv. no. 197. from Vahl. Many of the stem leaves have long stalks, which are also more cordate than those of the species. Native on the tops of the Scotch and Welsh mountains, in watery )ilaces. I'ar. y, rol midifdlia (Smkh, 1. c.) C. Groenlandica, With. brit. but not of Lin. Leaves rounder than those of the species. Na- tive on the tops of the Scottish and Welsh mountains. A branched plant, varying much in size. It is called in France, Crimson officinal ; in Germany, Loffclkraiit. The Common Scurvy-Grass when fresh has a peculiar smell, especially when bruised, and a kind of acrid bitter taste, which it loses completely by drying, but which it imparts by distillation to water or alco- hol. It also furnishes an essential oil, with sulphuretted hydro- gen, the smell of which is extremely pungent. The fresh plant is a gentle stimulant and di\u-etic, and is chiefly used for the cure of sea scurvy. It may be eaten in substance, in any quantity, like the water-cress, or the juice may be expressed from it, or it may be infused in wine, beer or water, or its virtues may be ex- tracted by distillation. The juice is recommended as a gai-gle in scorbutic affections of the gums and mouth. Tl.e whole of this section Cochlear possess more or less of the above virtues. When this plant is to be cultivated for use, sow the seeds in July, in drills eight inches apart, and \vhen the plants are up thin them to six inches apart ; those thinned out may be planted into new beds. In the following spring the succulent leaves will be fit for use. Officinal or Common .Scurvy-Grass. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. 2 inches to 1 foot. 11 C. Pyrenaica (D. C. syst. 2. p. 365.) pods obovate; somewhat globose, length of pedicels ; radical leaves cordately rcniform, entire, cauline ones few, ovate, toothed. $ . H. Na- tive along the sides of rivulets, on the upper valleys of the Cen- tral Pyrenees. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 48. C. officinalis, Lapeyr. abr. pyr. p. 308. Intermediate between C. officinalis and C. Groenlandica. Pyrenean Scurvy-Grass. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. ? PI. j to | foot. 12 C. Groenlandica (Lin. spec. 904.) pods ovate, length of pedicels ; radical leaves stalked, kidney-shaped, entire ; cauline ones almost wanting. $ . H. Native of Greenland, Norway, and Iceland. In Scotland, on the hills of Clova, Angusshire, and at Loch-na-Gare. Lod. bot. cab. 1. t. 45. Smith, eng. bot. t. 2403. Plant very small in its place of natural growth. Flowers white, tinged with purple. Greenland Scurvy-Grass. Fl. July, Aug. Scotland. PI. 1 to 3 inches. 13 C. Da'nica (Lin. spec. 903.) pods elliptical, netted with veins, length of pedicels ; leaves all stalked, and triangular. ©. H. Native throughout the north of Europe, also in Kamts- chatka, on the coast, in a muddy soil. In England but rare. In Walney Island, Lancashire ; Anglesea ; at Wells, Norfolk ; on several parts of the south coast from Portland to the Land's end. Oed. fl. dan. t. 100. Smith, eng. bot. t. C9C. Stems spreading or prostrate. Flowers pure white. Far. /3, integrifblia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 366.) cauline leaves very few, radical ones kidney-shaped, entire. Native of Ireland, on the Giant's Causeway. Danish Scurvy-Grass. Fl. Mav, June. England and Ireland. PI. i foot. 14 C. Lene'nsis (Adams, from Fisch. in litt.) pods ovate; 3-times shorter than the pedicels ; radical leaves stalked, some- what kidney-shaped, blunt, cauline ones oblong, almost entire. $ . H. Native of Siberia, at tlie river Lena. C. Groenlandica, Willd. herb, from Stev. obser. ined. Flowers small. Lena Scurvy-Grass. Fl. M.ay, June. PI. | foot. 15 C. A'uiTicA (Schleclit. in herb. Willd. from Stev. obs. ined.) pods ovate-oblong, a little shorter than the pedicels ; radi- cal leaves stalked, ovate, somewhat toothed ; cauline ones sessile, furnished with one tooth on each side. $ . H, Native of the north of Siberia, and Kamtschatka. Arctic Scurvy-Grass. PI. — foot. 16 C. TRiDACTYEfTES (Banks, herb. D. C. syst. 2. p. 367.) pods ovate-globose ; cauline leaves somewhat 3-lobed from a deep tooth on each side. $ . H. Native of Labrador. Like C. Lencnsis and C. A'rclica. Pods the size of those of C. offi- cinalis. Three-Jingered-XeaycA Scurvy-Grass. PI. | foot. 17 C. fenestka'ta (R.Br, in app. voy. Ross.) pods elliptical, twice as short as pedicel, with an elongated, perforated dissepi- ment ; radical leaves stalked, ovate ; cauline ones oblong. '2/ . M. Native of North America, in the Polar regions, on the Western Coast, at Baffin's Bay, and near Possession Bay. C. alpina. Hook. n»irfon'«/ Scurvy-Grass. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1819. PI. J to g foot. 18 C. sisYMBRioi DES (D. C. syst. 2. p. 368.) pods oblong, twice as short as pedicels ; petals oblong ; lower leaves pinnatifid, superior ones ovate-lanceolate, entire, or toothed, clasping the stem at the base. %. H. Native of Siberia, on the shores of the Icy Sea, and at the river Lena. C. heterophylla, Schlecht. D. C. prod. 1. p. 375. Flowers largish, white, with oblong sepals, which are membranous at their margin. Gmel. fl. sib. 3. t. 57. Sisymhrium-like Scurvy-Grass. PI. 1 foot. 19 C. GRANDiFLORA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 368.) pods oblong ; petals large, obovate; cauline leaves ovate-lanceolate, bluntish, grossly toothed, and bluntly auricled at the base. — Native of Siberia, at Nertchinsky-Sawod. Flowers white, larger than those of any of the other species. Leaves large, membranous. Great-Jlowered Scurvy-Grass. PI. 1 foot. 20 C. iNTEGRiFOEiA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 369.) pods oblong ; petals obovate-oblong ; cauline leaves entire, lower ones stalked, ovate, upper ones nearly sessile, lanceolate. — Native of the Altaian mountains. Very like the two preceding plants. Flowers white, smaller than those of Cochl. Sisymbrioides, Entire-leaved Scurvy-Grass. PI. 1 foot. 21 C. sa'lsa (Schlecht. in. herb. Willd. from Stev. obs. ined.) pods lanceolate, terminated by the conical style, one half shorter than the pedicel ; cauline leaves oblong-lanceolate, cordate, stem-clasping, and are, as well as the stem, pubescent. — Native of Siberia? in salt marshes. Draba salsa, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 87C. Flowers white, size of those of C. A'ngUca. Salt Scurvy-Grass. PI. | foot. 22 C. spathula'ta (Schlecht. in Willd. herb, from Stev. obs. ined. D. C. syst. 2. p. 3G9.) stem branched, leafy, puberulous ; pods lanceolate, pointed, with the short style, a little shorter than the pedicels ; leaves spatulate, deeply-toothed, pubescent. ©. H. Native of the Aleutian islands of St. Paul and St. George, between Kamtschatka and America. C. seplcntrionalis, Schlecht. in Willd. herb, from Stev. obs. ined. D. C. prod. 1 . p. 174. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 47. Driiba spathulata, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 876. Draba grandis, Langsdorff, from Fisch. in litt. Very near to C. circtica, but easily distinguished from it by the hairs being 3-forked. Flowers cream-coloured. Silicles inflated. (S)ja/«/rt/e-leaved Scurvy-Grass. PI. | foot. 23 C. ? siLiQuosA (Schlecht. in herb. Willd. from Stev. obs. ined. and D. C. syst. 2. p. 369.) pods oblong-lanceolate, pointed w ith the style, one half shorter than the pedicels ; leaves oblong, entire, pubescent, narrowed at the base. 1^. H. Native of 190 CRUCIFERiE. XXXV. Cochlearia. XXXVI. Tiilaspi. Unalaschka, on the highest rocks. Flowers wlien dry yel- lowish. Long-podded Scurvy-Grass. PI. \ foot. 24 C. ? VELUTiNA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 370.) pods elliptical, one half shorter than the pedicels ; leaves velvety with branched down, radical ones pinnate-parted, cauline ones sagittate. ©. H. Native of Syria, between Aleppo and Mossul. Flowers like those of C. saxdtilis. Petals broad, obovate. Deless. icon. scl. 2. t. 49. A very distinct species which, pei-haps with the fol- lowing, may constitute a separate genus. Velvety Scurvy-Grass. PI. 1 to 3 inches. 25 C. sAxiFRAG.EioLiA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 370.) pods ovate- oblong ; leaves smooth, i-adical ones stalked, kidney-shaped, palmately and deeply-toothed, cauline ones ovate, 3-lobed, up- permost ones linear. % . H. Native of Persia. Flowers very like those of the preceding plant, Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 50. Saxifrage-leaved Scurvy-Grass. PI. -j to J foot. Sect. IV. Ionopsi'dium (from wv, ion, a violet, oi^iq, opsis, resemblance, ucoq, eidos, similar ; like a violet.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 371. prod. 1. p. 174. Sillcle roundish, compressed, emar- ginate at the top. Flowers lilac. An intermediate section be- tween Cochletiiia and Tltldsji. 26 C. acau'lis (Desf fl. atl. 2. p. 69.) pods roundish, emar- ginate, pedicels rising from the root ; petioles long ; leaves ovate- roiuidibh, entire. If.. H. Native of Portugal, freq\ient on the basaltic hills near Lisbon, but rarer in the calcareous hills of Estremadura. Said also to grow in Morocco. C. pusilla, Brot. phyt. p. 100. no. 45. t. 21. f. 2 and 3. Jacq. eclog. t. 132. C. Olyssiponensis, Brot. fl. lusit. 1. p. 571. Lepidium violi- forme, D. C. mem. soc. hist. nat. paris. an. VII. p. 145. Leaves and pedicels rising from the root. Pedicels 1 -flowered, and 1§ inch long. Stcmless Scurvy-Grass. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1823. PI. l^in. f Species not sufficiently known. 27 C. SAGITT^FOLIA (Desv. joum. bot. 3. p. 182.) ©. H. Native of ? Flowers small white ; pods oblong, en- tire, tumid, few-seeded ; radical leaves oblong, slightly toothed. Arrow-leaved Scurvy-Grass PI. 4 foot. 28 C. LYRA^TA (Sibth. and Smith, fl. grsec. t. 619.) 0. H. Native of Sicily. Leaves toothed, smooth ; radical ones lyrate, cauline ones oblong, sagittate, stem-clasping. Zyre-leaved Scurvy-Grass. PI. i foot. 29 C. rei'a'nda (Med in Ust. new. ann. 2. p. 42.) Native ? Lower leaves stalked, waved, pubescent, superior ones repand, stem-clasping, sagittate, hollowed in the form of a spoon. Rcpand-\eaveA Scurvy-Grass. 30 C. LONGiFOLiA (Med. in Ust. new. ann. 2. p. 41.) — Na- tive of ? Lower leaves on long foot-stalks, upper ones sessile, for the most part entire. Long-leaved Scurvy-Grass. PI. ? Cult. The common horse-radish should be planted in Febru- ary or October in the way recommended under that species, in a deep rich soil. The smaller perennial sorts do best in pots, placed among other alpine plants, but the larger ones should be planted in a shady, rather moist situation, in the open border. The biennial and annual kinds only require to be sown in the open border, the greater part of them grow best in a damp situation, the seeds should be sown directly after they have ri- pened, or they may be allowed to sow themselves. They are all easily increased by seeds except Cochlearia armoracia and macrocdrpa, which do best by slips from the root, and some others of the perenni.-d species which do not seed freely may be increased by dividing the plants at the root. Tribe III. THLASPI'DEiF (plants agreeing in some important charac- ter with Thlaspi.) or PLEURORHI'ZiE (from TrXevpa, pleura, a side, and pi^a, rhiza, a root ; radicle at side of cotyledons ; (f 46. c. f 45. g. d.) ANGUSTISEPTyE (from angustus, narrow, and septum, a dissepiment.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 372. prod. 1. p. 175. Silicle opening, with a very narrow dissepiment (f. 46. k. /.), and keeled navicular valves (f. 46. k. I. m. and n.). Seeds oval (f. 46. /.) sometimes margined (f. 46. n.). Cotyledons flat, accumbent, contrary to the dissepiment (f. 46. k. f. 45. a. d.). A very dis- tinct tribe, and can only be confounded with Lepidinece, but from which it is easily distinguished by the much compressed seeds and accumbent cotyledons. * Cells of silicles from 2 to many-seeded. XXXVI. THLA'SPI (from eXaw, thiao, to compress ; seeds compressed.) Dill. fl. giss. gen. nov. p. 123. t. 6. Vent. tabl. 3. p. 110. Thlaspi spec. Lin. Juss. Lam. LiN. sysT. Tetradynamia, Siliculosa. Silicle emarginate at the apex, (f. 46. k. I.) with navicular valves which are winged at the back (f. 46. k.). Cells 2 or many-seeded (f. 46. /.) Petals equal. Calyx equal at the base. Perennial or ainnial branched, erect, smooth herbs with entire or toothed leaves, radical ones usually stalked, cauline ones stem-clasping. Racemes terminal ; pedicels bractless. Flowers of all white. Sect. I. Pachyphra'gma (from Trax^e, J^achys, thick, ^pay^a, phragma, a dissepiment.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 373. prod. 1. p. 175. Silicle broad, emarginate. Style none. Dissepiment thick, double, furnished with 3 longitudinal plaits. Seeds 4, not stri- ated (f. 46. k.). 1 T. latifolium (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 99. supp. p. 430.) radical leaves on long footstalks, cordate, repand-toothed, cauline ones ovate-cordate, on short foot-stalks. If.. H. Native of Iberia, in woods, also in the north of Caucasus. T. macrophy'l- lum, Hoffin. comm. soc. phys. med. mosc. 1. p. 7. Lepia lati- folia, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 166. Pterolobium Biebersteinii, Andrz. cruc. ined. Flowers largish. Petals cuneated, blunt, 3- times longer than the calyx. Deless. icon. sel. 2. p. 51. (f.46. k.). Broad-leaved Bastard-Cress. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1822. PI. i to 1 foot. Sect. II. Carpoceras (from KapwoQ, karpos, a fruit, and MpuQ, keras, a horn ; valves horned.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 374. prod. 1. p. 175. Valves expanded at end into a wing resem- bling a horn. Seeds 4, striated. Dissepiment membranous, oblong. 2 T. ceratoca'rpon (Murr. comm. goett. 1774. p. 26. t. 1.) radical leaves somewhat stalked, obovate-oblong, cauline ones hastate, stem-clasping, with acute auricles. ©. H. Native of Siberia, in salt fields, in plenty between the Belokamenskoi sta- tion and Fort Seven-Palace. Capsella cornigera, Medik. in Ust. new. ann. 2. p. 46. Th. cornutum, Clairv. herb. val. 214. Lepidium ceratocarpon. Pall. Flowers small white. Fructife- rous pedicels, filiform. Horned-podded Bastard-Cress. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1779. PL 1 to li foot. Sect. III. Nomisma (from vopicrfia, nomisma, a piece of money ; in allusion to the form of the silicles as well as the names of Th. arvensis, money-wort, monnoyere, Fr.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 375. prod. 1. p. 175. Valves with a wing along the whole back. Seeds numerous, striated. CRUCIFER.E. XXXVI. Tiilasii. 191 S T. arve'nse (Lin. spec. 901.) leaves oblono;, toothed, steins erect ; pods obovately-oihicular, shorter than the pedicels. ©. H. Native throughout Euro e, in cultivated or waste fields, and probably has been introduced to many countries with wlieat. In England, but not common, particularly in Essex, Suffolk, and Staftbrdshire. Fl. dan. t. 7!)3. Curt. fl. lend. 6. t. 43. Smith, eng. hot. t. 1659. Schkiihr. lianb. 2. no. 1789. t. 180. Boiss. fl. europ. t. 440. f. 2. Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 438. Flowers small, white. Odour of plant when bruised somewhat allia- ceous. Corn-Jield Pennj'-Cress. Fl. May, Jidy. England. PI. 4 to 1 foot. 4 T. Baic.'\le'nse (D. C. syst. 2. p. 376.) leaves oblong, grossly toothed ; stems erect ; pods orbicular, longer than the pedicels. ©. H. Native of Siberia, beyond the Baical, and on llie shores of the Baical lake. This is perhaps only a variety of 77/. arvense. Baical Bastard Penny-Cress. Fl. May, Jul. PI. |^ to |^ foot. .5 T. colli'nim (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 99.) leaves oblong, toothed, cauline ones linear-sagittate, upright; stems diffuse, somewhat ascendant; pods almost orbicidar, Q. H. Native of Armenia and Iberia on Mount Alwar, about the metal mines. Th. nemorosum, Adanii, Hoftm. cat. hort. niosc. 1808. no. 3249. Verv near TIi. arvense. liUl Penny-Cress. Fl. May, Jidy. Clt. 1818. PI. | to| foot. Sect. IV. Neuro'tropis (from vzvpov, neuron, a nerve, and rpoTTic, tropis, a keel ; wings of pod circimiscribed by a nerve.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 377. prod. I. p. 176. Silicle orbicular, emar- ginate, with a narrow recess. Back of valves expanded into a broad wing, which is circumscribed by a nerve. Seeds numer- ous, not striated. G T. ORBicuL.'i'TUM (Stev. in litt. and D. C. syst. 2. p. 377.) superior leaves quite entire, stem-clasping ; pods orbicular. 0 . H. Native of Iberia. Seeds oblong, compressed, rufous. Oifti'cH/r/r-podded Bastard-Cress. Fl. jMay, Jidy. Clt. 1820. PL i to 4 foot. 7 T. umbella'tuii (.Stev. in D. C. syst. 2. p. 377.) leaves ovate, toothed ; radical ones somewhat stalked, caidine ones half stem-clasping ; pods obcordate. 0 . H. Native of Persia, in the province of Ghilan. L'mbelldlc-dowercd Bastard-Cress. PI. ^ foot. 8 T. procu'mbens (Lapeyr. abr. 3GC.) leaves sinuately pin- natifid, or almost entire ; petals hardly larger than the calyx ; pods 10-12-seeded, blunt at both extremities; stigma sessile. ©. H. Native among rubbish on the sea-side, as well as on the sides of roads, or paths about salt pans or pits, or any place where salt is made in Spain, South of France, Piedmont, Tauria, Island of Cyprus, Sec. Lepidium prociimbens, Lin. spec. 898. Hil. veg. syst. 11. t. 42. f. 1. Lepidium pusilluni, var. a, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 468. Hutchinsia prociimbens, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 168. Stem procumbent. This is evidently a true Lepidium. Far. j3, erectiuscuta (D. C. syst. 2. p. 391,) stems erectish. Native of Syria. Var. y, integrifhlia (D. C. 1. c.) leaves entire, or sparingly cut. Native of Marseilles. Procumbent-siemmeA Bastard-Cress. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1819. PI. procumbent .Sect. V. Ptero'tropis (from ir-tpov, ptcron, a wing, and TooTtc, tropis, a keel ; valves of pods furnished vsith winged keels.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 37 7. prod. 1. p. 176. Silicle somewhat obovate, emarginatc or truncate. Valves furnished with a wing the whole length on the back (f. 46. /.), but the wings are not mar- gined with a nerve as in the preceding section. Seeds not striated. 9 T. allia'ceum (Lin. spec. 901.) leaves oblong, blunt, somewhat toothed, lower ones stalked, upper ones sagittate, stem- clasping, with acute auricles ; pods obovate, ventricose ; stigma almost sessile. 0. H. Native throughout middle and south Europe, in cultivated fields. Jacq. icon. rar. l.t. 121. Flowers a little smaller than those of Th. arvense, and the pods are almost one half smaller. Th. arvense, ji minor. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 464. Plant when bruised smelling of garlic. Garlic-scented Bastard-Cress. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1714. PI. I to ^ foot. 10 T. perfoli.Otum (Lin. spec. 902.) leaves somewhat tooth- ed, radical ones stalked ; cauline ones cordate, stem-clasping ; stem branched ; petals equal in length with the calyx ; pods ob- cordate, 8-seeded ; stigma almost sessile. 0. H. Native of Portugal, Spain, France, Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Podolia, Greece, &-c. in cidtivated fields, especially on a chalky soil ; in England, abundant among stone-pits, about Burford, Ox- fordshire, but it is not known to be found any where else in Bri- tain. Jacq. aust. t. 337. Smith, eng. bot. t. 2354. Th. alpestre, Huds. angl, 282. Jar. ft, simplic'issimum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 379.) stems simple, strict, striated from the base. 0. H. Native of the north of Persia, about Lenckeran. Perfuliate-\e\x\eA Bastard-Cress. Fl. April, July. England. PI. i foot. ^ 1^8 11 T. monta'num (Lin. spec. 902.) leaves somewhat fleshy, entire, radical ones obovate, stalked ; caidine ones oblong, sagit- tate, stem-clasping ; petals larger than the calyx ; pods obcor- date, 4-seeded ; style filiform. 1^. H. Native of Europe from Spain to Podolia, and from Sicily to Holland, on mountains. Jacq. aust. t. 237. Bois. fl. eur. t. 441. f. 1. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1794. t. 180. Lepidium thlaspidioides. Pall. itin. 3. p. 161. Th. spatulatum, Gater. fl. montanb. llo. Var. ft,prce'cox (Wulf in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 124. t. 9.) differing from the species by the plant being a little more glaucous, and with the radical leaves crenated at the top. Draba carnica, Scop. I'ar. y, alplnum (Jacq. aust. 3. t. 238.) style longer, exceed- ing the ovary, and almost equalling the length of the pod. Mountain Bastard-Cress. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1808. PI. I to I foot. 12 T. alpe'stre (Lin. spec'. 903.) leaves entire, radical ones ovate, stalked, cauline ones sagittate, stem-clasping ; petals nearly as long as the calyx; pods obcordate, 8 to 12-seeded; style filiform. Tj. . H. Native of the Pyrenees, Cevennes, Car- pathian mountains, France, Spain, &c. in mountain pastures and meadows ; in the north of England, among lime-stone rocks and lead mines ; about Settle and Malham, Yorkshire. At Mat- lock Bath, Derbyshire. Smith, eng. bot. t. 81. Th. cserules- cens, Presl. fl. cech. p. ! Th. montanum, Huds. angl. 282. Th. prae'cox, Schleich. pi. helv. Aljiine Bastard-Cress. Fl. Ju. Jul. England. PI. | foot. 13 T. heterophy'llum (D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 712.) radical leaves stalked, spreading, entire, toothed, or lyrate, can- line ones erect, cordately-sagittate ; petals almost equal with the calyx. %. H. Native of the Pyrenees, on the borders of Spain. Flowers a little smaller than those of Tli. alpestre. Variable-leaved Bastard-Cress. Fl. June, July. PI. \ foot. 14 T. magella'nicum (Pers. ench. 2. p. 189.) radical leaves oval, stalked, almost entire, cauline ones oblong-sessile ; petals nearly equal with the calyx ; pods oblong, truncately-emarginate, 8-seeded ; style short. 11.1 H. Native of the rocks of Magel- lan at the places called by French travellers Baie Duclos, and Baie Boucaut. Flowers small, white. Seeds oval-oblong, rufous, compressed, not striated. Magellan Bastard-Cress. PI. \ foot. 15 T. cocjilearifo'kme (D. C. syst. 2. p. 381.) leaves 192 CRUCIFER/E. XXXVI. Thlaspi. XXXVII. Hutchinsia. somewhat fleshy, radical ones stalked, ovate, somewhat toothed, cauline ones cordate, stem-clasping ; petals larger than the calyx ; pods oblong, somewhat emarginate, 8-seeded (f. 46. I.) ; style short, filifonn. i;. H. Native of Siberia and Dauria, on the tops of the mountains. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 52. Flowers very like those of Th. montanum. Scurvy-grass-like Bastard-Cress. Fl. Jul. PI. | to | foot. t Species not sufficiently known. 16 Th. ? SAMOLIFOLIUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 382.) leaves ovate, blunt, quite entire, lower ones on short foot-stalks ; petals emar- ginate. Native of Cappadocia. Aly'ssum samolifolium, Desf. choix. cor. p. 66. t. 49. Flowers wliite, about the size of those oi Berteroa incana. Very like Th. montdnum. Samolus-lcaved Bastard-Cress. PI. 1 to H feet. 17 T. TUBERO snM(Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 65.) leaves rhomboid- ovate, obsoletely toothed, sessile, radical ones on long footstalks ; stem pubescent ; root tuberous. % . H. Native on the western side of Pennsylvania. Flowers largish, rose-coloured. Pods orbicular, short. Tuberous-rooteA Bastard-Cress. Fl. Apr. May. PI. | to | ft. 18 T. Schra'nckii (Schult. fl. aust. p. S3.) leaves somewhat hispid, entire, radical ones stalked, cauline ones stem-clasping ; calyx shorter than the petals; pods obcordate. Native of Austria on walls along with the Capsclla Bursa-j astoris. Schranclcs Bastard-Cress. Fl. May, July. PI. i to 1 foot. 19 T. scAPiFLo^RUM (Viv. fl. cors. app. in Schlecht. Linnsea. l.p. 503.) leaves all radical, on long stalks, roundish-oblong, quite entire, smoothish ; silicles elliptical, slightly emarginated ; style elongated, i;? H. Native of Corsica. Flowers white ? Scape-Jlo7vcred Bastard-Cress. PI. 1 inch. Cult. The species of this genus are hardly worth cultivating except in general collections, as in botanical gardens. The pe- rennial species may be grown on rock-work or in borders ; they are readily increased by seeds. The biennial and annual sorts may be either sown on rock-work or in open borders. All the species succeed best in a light sandy soil. XXXVII. HUTCHI'NSIA (in honour of Miss Hutchins of Belfast, to whom Sir James Smith was indebted for many communications on submarine plants, during the progress of " English Botany"). R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 1812. vol. 4. p. 82. but not of Agardh. D. C. syst. 2. p. 384. prod. I . p. 177. Lin. syst. Tclradynamia Siliculosa. Siliele elliptical, with navicular wingless valves. Cells 2-&eeded, rarely many-seeded. Calyx equal at the base. Petals equal. Herbs small, perennial, rarely annual, many-stemmed, those with entire leaves have pur- plish flowers, those with pinnate-lobed leaves have small white flowers. Racemes terminal, erect ; pedicels filiform, bractless, spreading. Flowers never yellow. Lower leaves opposite. Sect. L Iberide'lla (a diminutive of Iheris ; like). D. C. syst. 2. p. 385. prod. 1. p. 177. Style filiform. Leaves entire or toothed. Flowers purplish, resembling those of Iberis. 1 H. rotundifo'lia (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 82.) leaves somewhat fleshy, quite entire -, lower ones stalked, obovate ; cauline ones ovate-oblong, somewhat stem-clasping ; stamens, pe- tals, and style one-half shorter than the pod. 1/ . H. Native of Provence, Dauphiny, Piedmont, Switzerland, Germany, Carniola, Carinthia, Transylvania, near the snow among stones and in the fissures of rocks in the Alps. Ibferis rotundifolia, Lin. spec. 905. Scop. earn. no. 805. t. 37. — All. ped. spec. 27. t. 4. f. 1. Iberis repens. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 674. Lepidium rotundifolium, All. pedm. flor. 1. p. 252. t. 55. f. 2. Noccse'a rotundifolia, Moench. suppl. 89. Stems many, weak, prostrate, or ascendant. Flower from white to purplish. Seeds 2 or 3 in each cell, alter- nate, pendulous. Round-leaved Hutchinsia, Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. 2 to 3 inches. 2 H. Cepe.efo'lia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 386.) leaves somewhat fleshy, lower ones stalked, oblon^-obovate, denticulated at the apex, cauline ones oblong ; stamens shorter than the corolla ; style 3-times shorter than the pod. l/.H. Native of Carin- thia in the valley called Rabl, also in the Apennines, where it flowers immediately on the melting of the snow. Iberis cepea;- folia, Wulf. in Jacq. misc. 2. p. 28. t. 1. Very like H. rutun- difolia both in habit and character. Flowers pink or purplish. Ce2)cpa-leaved Hutchinsia. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1821. PI. 2 to 4 inches. 3 H. PYGM/E A(Viv. fl. cors. app. in Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 503.) plant smooth ; leaves fleshy ; radical ones coarsely and obsoletely toothed or quite entire, tapering into the petiole, cauline ones sessile, half-stem-clasping ; siliele elliptical, trun- cate, bluntly emarginate ; style very short, permanent. If.. H. Native of Corsica. Flowers white or purplish. Pygmy Hutchinsia. PI. 1 inch. 4 H. pu\mila (D. C. syst. 2. p. 386.) leaves somewhat fleshy, lower ones on long foot-stalks, oval, entire, cauline ones oblong, acutely-sagittate at the base ; stamens, corolla, and style much shorter than the pod. l/.H. Native of Eastern Caucasus on Alp Schadagh. Iberis pumila, Stev. mem. soc. nat. mosc. 3. p. 269. Pods narrowed at both ends. Stems many, prostrate, or ascendant. £>»•«;/ Hutchinsia. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1821. PI. 1 to 2 in. 5 H. sTYLo'sA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 387.) leaves somewhat fleshy, lower ones stalked, obovate-oblong, almost entire, cauline ones oblong ; stamens, petals, and style about the length of the pod. $ . H. Native of Naples on the higher mountains, especially in Abruzzo. Iberis stylosa, Tenore, prod. fl. neap. 37. Thlaspi minimum, Arduin, specim. 2. p. 37. t. 15. f. 1. ? Flowers white, corymbose. .Stems many, erect. tong-sty/ed Hutchinsia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1821. PI. 1 in. 6 H. brevi'styla (D.C. syst. 2. p. 387.) leaves somewhat fleshy, stalked, obovate, somewhat toothed ; pods oblong, trun- cately-emarginate ; style very short. 1^. H. Native of the mountains of Syria. Flowers small, white. Petals oblong-cu- neated, blunt, almost truncate. Pods obovately-cuneated, irun- cately-emarginate at the top ; seeds 4 in each cell. A tufted plant, with rather woody roots. Short-styled Hutchinsia. Fl. April, Ju. Clt. 1825. PI. 1 in. 7 H. irine'rvia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 387.) leaves quite entire, 3-nerved, oval-oblong, sessile, somewhat cordate, stem-clasping at the base. I7 . i; . H. Native of Persia on Mount Elvvend. Flowers from white to purplish. Valves keeled. A plant with a woody root and many erect stems, which are somewhat shrubby at the base. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 53. Threc-nerved-haveA Hutchinsia. PI. -j to 1 foot. 8 H. iiastula'ta (D. C. syst. 2. p. 388.) leaves cordately- hastulate at the base, ovate-oblong, somewhat denticulated and half-stem-clasping; pods elongated, truncate at the top. l/.H. Native of Hyrcania and of the north of Persia in the province of Ghilan near Lenckeran. Thlaspi hastulatuni, Stev. in litt. — Gmel. sib. 254. t. 56. f. 1. A smooth, somewhat glaucous herb, with erectish stems. Flowers white, suftlised with red. Size and habit of H. rotundifolia. //air, narrowed at both ends, and pointed by tbe style. 1^. H. Native of .Sil)eria on the Altaian mountains, and of North America. Hook, fl. bor. amer. t. 17. B. Lepi- diuni c.nlycinum, Stepli. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 433. Petals white, ol)long, twice the leniitli of the calyx, rarely deciduous. fa/yt;»f Hutchinsia. Fl. May, .June. Ch. 1819. PI. 2 or 3 in. 10 "H. AI.V1NA (B. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 82.) leaves pinnate-parted, smooth ; petals twice the length of deci- duous calyx ; pods acute at both ends ; style very short, ex- serted. if. H. Native of the Pyrenees, Apennines, Mount Baldo, Carpathian mountains, &c. on rather moist rocks. Le- pidium alplnum, Lin. amctn. 4. p. 321. Jacq. aust. 2. t. 137. Schrank, fl. mon. 3. t. 216. Lepidium Halleri, Crantz. austr. 1. p. 8. t. 1. f. 3. Draba nasturtiolum, Scop. cam. ed. 2. no. 791. Draba alpina, Baumg. fl. transylv. 2. p. 2a2. but not of Lin. Seeds 2 in each cell. Flowers white. Alpine Hutchinsia. Fl. April, Ju. Clt. 1775. PI. 2 or 3 in. 11 H. petr^'a (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 82.) leaves pinnate parted, smooth ; petals hardly longer than the calyx ; pods 4-seeded, blunt at both ends ; stigma sessile. ©. ^ . H. Native of rocky places from Spain to Sweden, and from England to Laconia and Arcadia, also in the south of Tauria. In England on limestone rocks and walls, particidarly on the rocks about Goram's chair, and on St. Vincent's Rocks, near Bristol ; at Uphill, Somersetshire ; on a limestone wall 2 miles from Pembroke, and in various other parts of Wales, and of the mountainous limestone districts of Yorkshire. Hook, fl. lond. t. 31. Lepidium petrse'um, Lin. spec. 899. Jacq. austr. 2. t. 131. Smith, engl. bot. t. 111. Bois. fl. eur. t. 440. f. 1. Lepidium Linnae'i. Crantz. austr. 9. t. 2. f. 4. & 5. Lepidium pusillum. Var. /3. Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 468. Stems erect or tufted, or some^vhat decumbent. Flowers white very minute. Ruck Hutchinsia. Fl. Mar. Apr. Engl. PI. 2 or 3 inches. 12 H. brevicau'lis (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 863.) leaves lyrately- pinnate ; leaflets obovate ; petals larger than the deciduous calyx ; silicles obovate-oblong, obtuse, destitute of the style. 1/ . H. Native of the Alps of Carinthia. Lepidium brevieaule, Hoppe. Flowers white ? Short-stemmed Hutchinsia. PI. \ foot. Cult. These pretty little plants are well adapted for rock- work or to be grown in small pots (well drained with potsherds) and placed among other alpine plants. The annual and biennial species shoidd all be sown on rock- work or in a dry situation in autumn or early in spring, or they may be allowed to scatter themselves, which is the best mode. The perennial kinds, which are recommended to be grown in pots, or on rock-work, do best in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat. They may be either in- creased by dividing the plants at the root or by seeds, which ripen in plenty, or cuttings will root freely, planted under a hand-glass. XXXVIII. TEESDA-LIA (named after Robert Teesdale, author of a catalogue of plants growing about Castle Howard, published in the Linnaean Transactions, vol. 2.) R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 83. Smith in Lin. soc. trans. II. p. 283. D. C. syst. 2. p. 391. prod. 1. p. 178. Gnepinia, Bast, suppl. 35. Lin. syst. Tetradijnamia, SHictilusa. Silicle oval, emarginate at the top, with navicular valves. Cells 2-seeded. Stamens each furnished with a scale on the inside at the base. Small, annual, smooth herbs with rosulate, expanded, stalked, pinnate- lobed radical leaves, and with many leafless simple scapes rising from the neck. Racemes terminal, at time of flowering corym- bose, afterwards elongated ; pedicels filiform, bractless, spread- ing. Flowers small, white. 1 T. IBERIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 392.) petals unequal, outer VOL. I. PART 111. ones largest. ©. H. Native of dry, barren, gravelly fields in many parts of Europe, especially in the Morea, France, Ger- many, Denmark, and Sweden. In England about London, Norwich, and Bury, in Worcestershire and Cumberland, near Sheffield. In corn-fields near Easinwold, Yorkshire, in several parts of the Lowlands of Scotland. Abundant in Anglesea. Teesdalia nudicaulis, R. Br. 1. c. Iberis nudicaiilis, Lin. spec. 907. Oed. fl. dan. 323. Smith, engl. bot. t. 327. Stum. fl. germ. icon. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1774. t. 179. Iberis bur- sifolia. Berg. phyt. icon. Thlaspi nudicaulis, D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 70S. Ibeiis-]ike or Irregular-flowered Teesdalia. Fl. May. Britain. PI. 1 to 2 inches. 2 T. lepi'dium (D. C. syst. 2. p. 392.) petals equal. ©. H. Native of sandy, sterile, somewhat wooded places throughout the south of Eun.pc, especially in Portugal and Spain in elevated fields about .ALidrid, above the monastery of St. Bernard. About Montpelier and in Lower Dauphiny, also in Mauritania. Lepidium nudicaiile, Lin. spec. 898. Thlaspi nudicaule, Desf. atl. 2. p. 67. Teesdalia regularis. Smith in Lin. trans. II. p. 283. — Magn. monsp. 180 and 187. icon. Stamens usually 4, rarely 6. Jar. j3, hiUgr'iJblia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 393.) leaves entire, not pinnate. Native of .Spain and Sardinia. J ar. y, aculiloba (D. C. 1. c.) leaves more oblong, with 3 or 4 acute lateral lobes or teeth, and an elongated, acuminate ter- minal one. Native of the island of Scio. Lepidium-like or Regidar-flowered Teesdalia. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 to 2 niches. Cult. These pretty little annuals should be sown on rock- work or in a dry sandy situation, and the seeds may afterwards be allowed to scatter themselves. XXXIX. PLATYSPE'RMUM (from TrXarvg, platys, broad, and ai^EQpa, sjycrma, a seed ; seeds broad). Hook. fl. bor. amer. t. 18. B. Lin. syst. Tetradijiutmia, SUiculbsa. Silicle elliptical, with navicular valves, terminated by a short, blunt stigma ; cells 4-5- seeded ; seeds nearly orbicular, flat, cordate at the base, edged with a broad wing. A small annual plant with radical runcinate leaves, and 1 -flowered radical pedicels. Stamens naked. Petals and sepals about equal in length. 1 P. scapi'gerum (Hook. 1. c). ©. H. Native of North America on the western coast. Scape-bearing Platyspermum. PI. 2-3 inches. Cult. A trifling little plant of easy culture, well adapted for rock-work, where the seeds may be sown. * * Cells of silicle l-sceded. XL. IBE'RIS (from the country called /imc/, now Spain ; most of the species grow in such climates). Lin. gen. no. 804. Gxn. fruct. 2. p. 279. D. C. syst. 2. p. 398. prod. 1. p. 178. Lin. syst. Tetradynamia, Siliculusa. Petals 4, 2 outer ones largest. Silicle much compressed, truncately emarginate. Seeds ovate, pendulous. Herbs or sub-shrubs. Stems round, usually smooth, sometimes fleshy. Leaves alternate, hnear, or obovate, entire, toothed, or pinnatifid, sometimes thickish. Racemes sometimes elongated, sometimes corymbose when in flower, after- wards elongated, and sometimes, even after flowering, corym- bosely-umbellate ; pedicels bractless. Flowers either white or purplish, never yellow ; the outer flowers of the corymb are much more irregular than the inner ones. Sect. I. Iberi'dium (altered {rom Iberis). D. C. prod. 1. p. 179. Radicle descending. Seed not margined. Dissepiment simple. Cc 194 CRUCIFER^. XL. Ieeris. § 1. Suffmticdso-corymbosa. Fructiferous iiediccls corym- bose. Stems siiffruticose. Evergreen i^lants. 1 I. contra'cta (Pers. ench. 2. p. 18(3.) frutescent, smooth; stem erect, elongated ; leaves linear, somewhat cuneatcd, toothed ; pods crowded, umbellate. Tj . H. Native of Spain and Por- tugal. Fructiferous corymbs very much contracted. Flowers white. Var. [i, cilioUila (D. C. syst. 2. p. 405.). I. fruticosa, foliis oblongis, crassis, S:c. Ant. Juss. in herb. Juss. Leaves evi- dently ciliated at the base. Perhaps a proper species. D. C. 1. c. Contracted-corymheCi Candy-Tuft. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 to U foot. 2 L Prui'ti (Tineo. pug. sic. 1. p. 11. no. IX.) stems suf- fruticose at the base, smooth ; leaves obovate-spatulate, entire, or somewhat toothed ; pods einarginate, somewhat corymbose. ■J/ . I^ . H. Native of Sicily on the Nebrode mountains. Very like Ibcris Tenoreana, but differing in the leaves being very smooth, not ciliated, and the flowers pure white ; silicles dis- posed in very short, much-crowded racemes. Pruitian Candy-Tuft. PI. J foot. 3 L Tenorea'na (D. C. syst. 2. p. 404.) stems suffrutescent at the base ; leaves somewhat fleshy, crenated, lower ones obovate, narrowed at the base and ciliated, tipper ones oblong-linear ; pods emarginate, somewhat corymbose. Tj .H. Native of Naples near St. Angelo and on Mount Vcllino in Abruzzo. Sweet, brit. fl. gard. t. 88. hot. mag. t. L cepeajfolia, Tenore, prod, fl. nap. p. 37. but not of Lin. Flowers purplish or whitish, umbellate. Stems ascendant. A beautiful plant. TenoreV Candy-Tuft. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1822. PI. J ft. § 2. Herbaceo-corymbosa. Fructiferous j^edicels corymbose. Stems herbaceous. Annual or biennial plants. 4 L spatula" TA (Berg. phyt. icon. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 716.) herbaceous, smooth ; leaves spatulate, entire, rather fleshy ; pods corymbose, emarginate, with an acute, narrow notch. ©. H. Native of the Pyrenees in calcareous stony places, irrigated at certain seasons from the melting of snow. Iberis cepea^folia, Pourr. act. toul. 3. p. 321. but not of Wulf. Iberis rotundifolia. Lam. diet. 3. p. 221. but not of Lin. Iberis carnosa, Willd. spec. 3. p. 4.5j. Flowers purplish. Seed thick, rufous-brown. ,Spaa«/«;c-leaved Candy-Tuft. Fl. Ju.Jul. Ch. 1820. PI. i ft. 5 I. NANA (All. auct. p. 15. t. 2. f. 1.) herbaceous, smooth ; leaves roundish-spatulate, entire, somewhat fleshy ; pods corym- bose, emarginate, with a broadish blunt notch. $ . H. Native on rocky mountains in Piedmont, Dauphiny, Provence, &c. Iberis Aurosica, Vill. delph. 1. p. 349. 3. p. 289. Flowers purple. Petioles never ciliated as in the preceding plant. Z)?w«/ Candy-Tuft. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. i foot. fi I. viola'cea (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 85.) herbaceous, smoothish ; leaves stalked, spatulate, blunt, toothed, or quite entire, ciliated ; corymbs somewhat umbellate ; calyx hairy on the back. ©. H. Native of ? Flowers violet. r/o/eZ-colonred Candy-Tuft. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1782. PI. i ft. 7 I. Tau'rica (D. C. syst. 2. p. 402.) herbaceous, smoothish ; leaves ciliated, somewhat fleshy, lower ones spatulate, somewhat Ijidentate at the apex, upper ones linear ; pods corymbose, emar- ginate ; lobules of pod blunt, shorter than the style. ^ . H. Na- tive of Tauria and Caucasus on stony hills. Iberis ciliata, Willd. spec. 3. p. 445. but not of All. Iberis simplex, D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 597. Thlaspi saxatile, Habl. taur. p. 157. Very like Iberis amara and /. ciliata. Flowers white. Leaves ciliated. Taurian Candy-Tuft. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1 802. PI. i to | ft. 8 I. cilia'ta (All. auct. p. 15. but not of Willd.) herbaceous, smoothish ; leaves linear, entire, ciliated at the base ; pods co- rymbose, emarginate, lobules blunt, equal in length with the style. ^ . H. Native of Nice and Provence, on rocks. Iberis Molinerii, Balb. cat. hort. taur. 1813. p. 43. Flowers nearly like those oi Iberis pinnatci, white. CWMtoWeaved Candy-Tuft. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt.1802. Pl.itolft. 9 I.LiNiFOLiA (Lin. spec. 905.) herbaceous, smooth ; leaves linear, quite entire, somew hat toothed ; pods corymbose, biden- tate. S . H. Native of Nice, Provence, Dauphiny, Sicily, and Spain, &c. I. tenuifolia, Presl. ex Spreng. — Garid. aix. 459. t. 105. XeryUke Iberis umbellata. Flowers purplish. Far. /). albiflbra (Desf. in herb. mus. Paris). Flowers white. Flax-leaved Caxiily-lxxiu Fl.Jime, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. 1-2 ft. 10 I. UMBELLATA (Lin. spcc. 906.) herbaceous, smooth; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, lower ones serrated, upper ones quite entire; pods umbellate, very acutely 2-lobed. 0. H. Native of Italy, about Genoa, Sarzena, and Pisa ; in the island of Crete, and in Spain ; on stony hills in sunny places. Curt. bot. mag. t. 106. Thlaspi umbellatum, Crantz. aust. 25. Iberis corymbosa, Moench. meth. 269. Flowers purplish. Umbellate or Purple Candy-Tuft. Fl. June, Aug. PI. 4 to 1 ft. 111. Lagasca'na (D.C. syst. 2. p. 400.) herbaceous, pilosely- pubescent ; leaves oblong, somewhat spatulate, toothed at the top; pods somewhat corymbose, acutely 2-lobed. 0. H. Na- tive of Spain in mountainous places in the province of Valentia, and in the vicinity of Hellin in the province of Murcia. Iberis spatulata. Lag. fl. hisp. ined. but not of Berg. Flowers white? Z«n-rt«ca'« Candy-Tuft. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. ^ foot. § 3. Herhaceo-racemosa. Fructiferous pedicels racemose. Stems herbaceous. Annual or biennial 2}lants. 12 1. odora^ta (Lin. spec. 906.) herbaceous, smooth ; leaves linear, toothed, ciliated at the base, dilated at the top ; pods roundish, emarginate, lobes acute, spreading, shorter than the style. ©. H. Native of Crete. Sweet, br. fl. gard. t. 50. — Clus. hist. 2. p. 132. f. 1. Like Iberis ^Mitiata. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Sweet-scen^frf Candy-Tuft. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1 806. PI. i to 1 ft. 13 I. pinna' TA (Gouan. hort. monsp. 319.) herbaceous, smooth ; leaves pinnatifid ; racemes corymbose, but after flower- ing a little elongated. 0. H. Native of Spain, south of France, and Italy, in corn-fields. — Lob. icon. t. 217. f. 2. — Dalech. lugd. 652. f. 2. Flowers white, sweet-scented, corymbose. Calyx a little violaceous. Var. ft, crenata (Lam. diet. 3. p. 213.) leaves deeply-cre- natcd. Pmnafe-leaved Candy-Tuft. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1596. Pl.fft. 14 I. interme'dia (Guersent, in bull, philom. no. 82. t. 21.) herbaceous ; leaves lanceolate, smooth, blunt, entire, or the radical ones are a little toothed ; flowers finally racemose ; pods ovate, truncate, or very broadly emarginated. $ . H. Native on calcareous rocks along the Seine between Rouen and Duc- lair. Intermediate between /. amctra and /. umbellata. Flowers white. Intermediate Cani{y-T\x{t. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1823. PI. J to 1 ft. 15 I. ama'ra (Lin. spec. 906.) herbaceous ; leaves lanceolate, acute, somewhat toothed ; flowers corymbose, finally racemose ; pods orbicular, narrowly emarginate. 0. H. Native of Europe, from Portugal to Germany, and from England to Italy, frequent among corn ; in England about Henley and other places in Ox- fordshire ; about Wallingford, Berkshire, undoubtedly wild. Smith, engl. bot. t. 52. Flowers white ; sepals with membra- nous margins. The whole plant has a nauseous bitter taste. Far. ft, rufcaiilis (Lejeun. fl. spa. 2. p. 58.) leaves narrower, ciliated. Habit smaller. Stem villous with rufous down. Bitter Candy-Tuft. Fl. June, July. England. PI. 5 to 1 foot. § 4. Frulescenti-racembsa. Fructiferous pedicels racemose. Stems frutescent. Evergreen plants. 1 CRUCIFERiE. XL. Iberis. XLI. Thysaxocarpus. 195 16 1. CONFERTA (Lag. Varied. 3. no. 22. 1805. p. 213.) stem suffrutcscent, dwarf; leaves subradical much crowded, somewhat linear, acute, smooth ; scape naked, racemiferous. Tj . H. Na- tive of Spain in the mountains of Leone, and among buslies near Arva. Flowers white, younger ones corymbose, afterwards becoming racemose. Stems diffuse, procumbent, glaucous, as well as younger leaves. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 54. Owi'rferf-leaved Candy-Tuft. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. PI. J^foot. 17 I. Garrexia'na (All. ped. no. 920. t. 40. f. 3. and t. 54. f. 2.) frutescent ; leaves oblong, narrowed at the base, blunt, quite entire, smooth; flowers corymbose. Tj.H. Native of sunny mountainous stony places in Piedmont about Garrexius and Tenda, in the Apennines and in the eastern and central Pyrenees. Iberis sempervirens /3, Willd. spec. 3. p. 453. Iberis sempervirens, Lapeyr, abr. p. 370. — Barrel, icon. t. 734. — Mor. oxon. 2. p. 297. sect. 3. t. 18. f. 2(5. Flowers white. Inter- mediate between /. sempervirens and /. saxcUUis, with the character of the first, but assuming the habit of the latter. Stems branched. Garrexian Ca.nAy-T\\it. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. i to | ft. 18 I. sempervi'rens (Lin. spec. 905.) frutescent; leaves ob- long, blunt, narrowed at the base, smooth ; flowers in long racemes ; pods emarginate, with a narrow notch. T; . H. Native of Crete on rocks. Smith, fl. graec. t. 620. lb. sempervirens var. ji, Lam. diet. 3. p. 220. var. y, Willd. spec. 3. p. 45cJ. — Barrel, icon. t. 214. Flowers white. Evergreen Candy-Tuft. Fl. Ap. Ju. Clt. 1731. PI. | to 1 ft. 19 I. subveluti'na (D. C. syst. 2. p. 397.) frutescent; leaves linear, acute, quite entire, somewhat velvety on both surfaces from short hairs ; flowers becoming racemose. Tj . H. Native of Spain in dry mountainous places about the town of Aranjuez and elsewhere. Iberis sempervirens. Lag. elench. hort. madr. p. 19. no. 253. Like /. saxdt'dis and /. Garrcxiana. Stems much branched. Flowers white. J'elvety Candy-Tuft. Fl. April, Jime. PI. ^ to 1 foot. 20 I. pube'scens (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 43.) frutescent ; leaves ciliated, blimt, linear-spatulate, lower ones toothed at the top; flowers corymbose, afterwards becoming somewhat race- mose. T;. H. Native of? F"lowers showy, pale-violet. Stems manv, rising from the root, procumbent. Pubescent Candy-Tuft. Fl. Ap. June. Clt. 1821. PI. h foot. 21 I. saxa'tilis (Lin. amcen. 4. p. 321.) frutescent; leaves linear, quite entire, somewhat fleshy, acute, ciliated ; flowers corymbose. Tj . H. Native of the south of Europe on hills in places exposed to the sun, particularly in tlie Pyrenees, Pro- vence, and Sicily, &c. Gouan. fl. monsp. p. 177. f. 1. Iberis Garrexiana, Scop. del. ins. 1. p. 16. t. 7. — Mor. oxon. 2. p. 298. sect. 3. t. IS. f. 31.— Garid. aix. p. 466. t. 101. Stems as- cendant. Flowers white. Rock Candy-Tuft. Fl. Ap. Ju. Clt. 1739. PI. A to i foot. 22 I. corifo'lia (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 22.) frutescent ; leaves linear, very entire, somewhat flesliy, blunt, smooth ; flowers corymbose. ^ . H. Native of Sicily on mount Ventosa, Iberis saxatilis ft, corifolia, Sims, hot. mag. t. 1642. D. C. syst. 2. p. 396. — Clus. hist. 2. p. 132. icone, Iberis saxatilis, Lin. herb. Stems decumbent. Flowers white. CoWi-ZeaiW Candy-Tuft. Fl. Ap. Ju. Clt. 1739. PI. i to i ft. 23 I. vermicula'ta (Willd. spec. 3. p. 454.) frutescent ; leaves linear, quite entire, somewhat fleshy, blunt, somewhat ciliated ; flowers corymbose ; lobes of pod bluntish and somewhat dilated. I; . H. Native of Tauria. Iberis saxatilis. Pall. IbiJris saxa- tilis y, vermiculata, D. C. syst. 2. p. 396, Stems ascendant. Flowers white. Vermicuhitc-\ea.\eA Candy-Tuft. Fl. Ap. June. PI. | to -s- ft. 24 I. Cappado'cica (Willd. spec. 3. p. 452.) frutescent ; leaves strigose, lower ones spatulate, upper ones linear acute ; flowers corymbose. 1; . H. Native of Cappadocia. Petals obovate, white. Flowers at first corymbose. Cappadoc'ian Candy-Tuft. PI. h foot. 25 I. Gibralta'rica (Lin. spec. 905.) frutescent ; leaves wedge-shaped, blunt, somewhat toothed at the top, rather ciliat- ed ; flowers corymbose. f; . G. Native of Gibraltar. Curt, bot. mag. t. 124. Iberis dentata, Moench. suppl. 88. Very like /. semperjlurens. Leaves 2 inches long. Flowers white, with a few of them suftused with red. C;ira/to/- Candy-Tuft. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1732. PI. i to | ft. Sect. II. Iberida'strum (altered from Iberis.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 181. Radicle horizontal : Seeds somewhat margined. Dis- sepiment almost double. Seed nearly as in B'lscutella, and therefore perhaps a proper genus (Andrz.) but from its habit it is retained with Iberis. 26 I. sEMPERFLo^RENS (Liu. spcc. 904.) frutcsccnt ; leaves cuneated or spatulate, rather fleshy, blunt, quite entire, smooth ; flowers corymbose ; pods truncate, and somewhat emarginate at the top, with obsolete lobules. Pj . G. Native of Sicily on rocks about Palermo, &c., and flowering throughout the year in its place of natural growth. I. cuneata, Moench. meth. 269. I. Immilis, Presl. ex Spreng.^— Weinm. phyt. t. 973, f. c. — Seba. thes. l.p. 2. t. 13. f 4. — Bocc. sic. 55. t. 29. f. a. j. — Mor. oxon. 2. t. 25. f. 5. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Ever-floivering Ca.nAy-T\.\ii. Fl.Jan.Dec. Clt.1679. PI. 1 or2ft. -|- Species not sufficiently hionn. 27 I. ? linearifolia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 405.) smooth; stem erect; leaves linear, quite entire; pods bifid, racemose. — Native of New Holland at Swan River Lepia linifoha, Desv. jour, bot. 3. p. 166 and 181. Flower white ? Z(«cfl!r-^cati(?d Candy-Tuft. PI. 1 foot? 28 I. Pyrena icA (Lapeyr. abr. pyr. 370.) herbaceous, smooth ; leaves elliptical, quite entire, lower ones opposite; pods broadly emarginate, racemose. ©. H. Native of the Pyrenees in the valley Gistain, near Sin. Flowers nimierous, naked, white, racemose. Stem reddish, branched, erect. Pj/renean Candy-Tuft. Fl. June, July. PI. f to 1 foot. Cult. The whole of the species of this genus are very orna- mental, and deserve to be cultivated in every garden. Tiie annual and biennial sorts may be all sown in open flower- borders, whei't they will flower and ripen their seed : if sown at several different times through the siumner a succession of flowers may be kept up, until the frost destroys them. Many of the species will continue to bloom throughout a mild winter, if the seeds are sown in August. The shrubby species are well adapted for ornamenting rock-work, or the front of flower-bor- ders, as they flower profusely. Cuttings of these will root freely if planted under a hand-glass in common garden mould, or they may be increased by seeds. The two green-liouse species /. Gibraltarica and /. scmperjlorcns, grow freely in any light rich soil, and young cuttings planted in the same sort of soil un- der a hand-glass will root freely. XLI. THYSANO'CARPUS (from dvaaroi, Ihysanos, a fringe, and mpTTOc, karpos, a fruit ; broad fringed pods.) Hook fl. bor. amer. t. 18. f. A. Lin. syst. Tetradynamia, Siliculbsa. Silicle obovate, emar- ginate at the apex, witli a thick style in the recess, 1 -2-celled ; cells 1 -seeded, witli navicular keeled valves. Seeds not mar- gined. Stamens naked. Petals much shorter than the sepals. A small annual plant, with narrow, obtuse, runcinate, rosulate, radical leaves, and a few linear-lanceolate entire, rather stem- clasping caidine ones, one under each branch or raceme. Racemes elongated. C c2 196 CRUCIFER^. XLII. Biscutella. 1 T. runcinVtus (Hook. 1. c.) ©. H. Native of North America, probably on the Rocky Mountains. Rmicinale-leaveA Thysanocarpus. PI. 1 foot. Cult. An insignificant plant of easy culture ; the seeds only require to be sown in the open border early in spring. XLII. BISCUTE'LLA (from bis, double, and scutella, a sau- cer ; in allusion to the form of its silicles.) Lin. gen. no. 808. Gffirt. fruct. 2. p. 278. t. 141. D. C. syst. 2. p. 406. prod. 1. p. 181. Lin. syst. Tctradynamia, Silindhsa. Silicle flat, biscutate, (f 46. m.) with orbicular 1-seeded cells, which are laterally united to the axis. Style long, permanent (f. 46. ?».). Seed compressed. Embryo inverted. Perennial or annual herbs, usually hispid, but sometimes downy or smoothish, with oblong entire, toothed or pinnatifid, somewhat radical or cauline leaves, and round erect stems, which are usually somewhat corymbosely branched at the top by racemes, which wlien in flower are short, but when in fruit elongated ; pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers yellow, scentless. Sect. I. Iondra'ba (from lov, ion, a violet, and Dn'iha, Whit- low-Grass.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 407. prod. 1. p. 181.— Med. gen. nov. t. 1. f. 14. in Ust. new. ann. 2. p. 37. Calyx 2- spurred at the base. Glands on the torus, very prominent. 1 B. auricula'ta (Lin. spec. 911.) calyxes bluntly 2-spurred ; pods smooth, rough in the centre from elevated dots, with the lobes meeting over the style at the top. ©. H. Native of Por- tugal, Spain, south of France, southern parts of Germany, Sicily, and Mauritania, in cultivated fields. D. C. diss. no. 1. 1. 1. f. 2. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1821. t. 182. Berg. phyt. 3. p. 55. icon. Clypeola auriculata, Crantz. cruc. p. 93. B. auriculata ji. Lam. diet. 3. p. 617. illust. t. 570. f. 2. Flowers pale yellow. -Earerf-calyxed Buckler-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1683. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 2 B. erigerifo'lia (D. C. diss. no. 3. t. 1. f. 1.) calyxes acutely 2-spurred ; pods smooth, almost meeting over the style at the top (f. 46.OT.). O. H. Native of Spain, frequent in corn- fields. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 55. B. auriculata var. a. Lam. diet. 2. p. 61 7. exclusive of the synonyms. B. Orcelitana, Lag. fl. hisp. ined. Like B. auriculata, but differing in the spurs of calyx being acute, not blunt. £iin-t')-oji-Z«(t't'rf Buckler-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 foot. 3 B. Hi'spiDA (D. C. diss. no. 3. t. 1. f. 1.) calyxes acutely 2- spurred ; pods smooth, rough in the disk from elevated dots, not overhanging the style at the top ; stem hispid. ©. H. Native of Provence, Piedmont, and probably throughout Italy, on mountains in places exposed to the sun. Sims, hot. mag. 2444. B. macrocarpa, Hort. — Barrel, icon. 230 and 1219. — Col. ecphr. 2. p. 49. t. 61.— Mor. oxon. 2. p. 247. sect. 3. t. 9. f. 7. Plant hispid with crowded hairs. //(•i/;irf Buckler-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 to Ij foot. 4 B. cicnoRiiro LiA(Lois. add. p. 167.) calyxes rather acutely 2-spinred ; pods smooth, rough in the centre from elevated dots, not overhanging the style at the top; stem villous. %. H. Native of stony places exposed to the sun, at the bottom of the central Pyrenees, not far from the Bagneres de Luchon. D. C. diss. no. 4. t. 2. B. picridifolia var. Lapeyr. abr. pyr. 373. Stems branched, rather reddish. Leaves runcinately-pinnatifid. Flowers large. ,S'Mccor»/-Zeafe(i Buckler-Mustard. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to 2 feet. Sect. II. Thlaspi'dium (from thlaspi, and eicoq, eidos, like.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 409. prod. 1. p. 181. Med. gen. nov. t. 1. f. 5. from Ust. new. ann. 2. p. 38. Calyxes equal at the base. Glands on the receptacle, hardly elevated. § 1. Annuce. Plants annual. 5 B. lyra'ta (Lin. raant. 354.) pods pilose, hispid in their disks; radical leaves lyrate. ©. H. Native of Portugal, Spain, Calabria, Sicily near Palermo, north of Africa near Tan- giers, &c. — Bocc. sic. 45. t. 23. A very polymorphous species. i)/re-leaved Buckler-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1799. PI. 1 to H foot. 6 B. raphanifo'lia (Poir. voy. har. 2. p. 198.) pods even, glabrous; radical leaves lyrate. ©. H. Native of Sicily near Palermo, and in Mauritania. B. laxiflora, Presl. ex Spreng. Dif- fering from B. lyrata in the pods being very smooth, not hispid, and perhaps the leaves are less cut. 7?n(fo/(-/f«yerf Buckler-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 7 B. margina'ta (Tenore, fl. nap. p. 38,) silicles scabrous on both surfaces, with brownish margins ; stem almost naked ; leaves pilose, lyrate ; lobes blunt, with the terminal one very large, bidentate. © ? H. Native of Naples. Marginatc--poAAeA Buckler-Mustard. Fl. June, Jidy. Clt. 1820. PI. I foot. 8 B. mari'tima (Tenore, prod. fl. nap. p. 38. fl. nap. t. 61.) pods smooth, with ciliated margins ; radical leaves lyrate. ©. H. Native of Goat's Island and about Fondi in Naples, by the sea-side. Very like the two preceding species, but nevertheless it differs in the pods being not smooth all over, nor pilosely- hispid, but smooth in their disks, and ciliated along their mar- gins in a longitudinal line. ,S'(?a-«;rfe Buckler-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Ch. 1824. PI. 1 to li foot. 9 B. cilia'ta (D. C. diss. no. 9. syst. 2. p. 410.) pods smooth in the disk, but ciliated on the margins ; stem erect, elongated, leafy ; leaves sessile, oblong, remotely toothed. ©.H. Native of Italy and Spain. B. coronopifolia, Willd. spec. 3. p. 474. D. C. icon. gall. rar. 1. p. 12. t. 39. but not of Linnaeus. B. A'pula, Lam. diet. 3. p. 618. exclusive of the synonyms. B. didyma, Willd. cnum. 2. p. 673. C'(7w?fd-podded Buckler-Mustard. Fl. June, Jidy. Clt. 1790. PI. 1 foot. 10 B. depre'ssa (Willd. enum. 2. p. 673.) pods smooth in the disk, but ciliated at the margins ; stem dwarf, somewhat diffuse ; leaves oblong-obovate, cuneated at the base, remotely tootlied. ©. H. Native of Egypt in the deserts of Alexandria. D. C. diss. no. 10. B. pilmila, Balb. cat. hort. taur. Pods con- stantly ciliated at their margins along the sutural line. Perhaps only a variety of B. ciUata. Z»fpei«'rf Buckler-Mustard. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. PI. i ft. 11 B. microca'rpa (D.C. diss. no. 11. syst. 2. p. 411.) pods with hispid disks and ciliated margins ; stem almost naked, much branched ; leaves almost all radical oblong, sinuately- toothed. ©. H. Native of Andalusia on the rock of Gibraltar about St. Roch. B. tumidula. Lag. fl. hisp. ined. Flowers small, in long racemes. 5V«a//-/ri/;7et/ Buckler-Mustard. Fl.Jii.Jul. CIt. 1819. Pl.Uft. 12 B. erioca'rpa (D. C. diss. no. 12. t. 9. f. 2. syst. 2. p. 411.) pods pilosely-hispid in the disk; stem erect, simple; leaves oblong-cuneated, somewhat toothed. ©. H. Gathered beyond Spain on a journey to Mogodor by Broussonet. Pods the size of those of B. Apula. noo%-/n«7crf Buckler-Mustard. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. ift. 13 B. Colu'mn;e (Tenore, prod. fl. nap. p. 38.) pods sca- brous on the disks and margins with short hairs ; radical leaves obovately-cuneated, acute, toothed ; stem almost naked, hispid at CRUCIFER^. XLII. Biscutella. 197 the base. ©. H. Native of Apulia or Puglia and Lucania. B. didyma fi. Lin. spec. 911.— Col. ecplir. 1. p. 2Sii. t. 284. f. 1.— Mor.oxon. 2. p. 249. sect. 3. t. 9. f. 12. Very like B. eriocurpa .^nd B. A'pula, but differing in the pods being twice the size. There is a variety of this with sinuately-lyrate leaves. CWi/»(«a'« Buckler-Mustard. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 ft. 14 B. A'piLA (Lin. niant. 254.) pods rough in the disks and margins witli small hairs ; leaves lanceolate, serrated ; stem leafy, branched, hairy. ©. H. Native of the mountains of Italy, Naples, and Greece. Lam. ill. t. 560. f. 1. but not of his diet'. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1824. t. 182. Smith, fl. grac. t. 629. Flowers small. Pods approximate. D. C. diss. no. 15. syst. 2. p. 412. ApuUan Buckler-Mustard. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1710. PI. 1 ft. 15 B. leioca'rpa (D. C. diss.no. 16. syst. 2. p. 413.) pods smooth ; leaves lanceolate, serrated ; stem leafy, hairy, branched. ©. H. Native of the Levant. B. A'pula, Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 279. t. 141. Very like B. A'pula, but differing in the fruit being very smooth, not rough. Sec. This plant was formerly cultivated in the jardin des plantes, Paris, under the name of />'. oricnttilis. Smooth-podded Buckler-Mustard. Fl. Jun. Jul. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 foot. 1GB. obova'ta (Hort. par. D. C. diss. no. 18. syst. 2. p. 413.) pods smooth ; leaves sub-radical obovate, grossly toothed, and narrowed into the petiole, smoothish. ©. H. N;itive of? Very like B. montuna, but differing in the root being annual, not perennial. 06o(fle a, and very distinct from M. laclniata. ArigularAeviweA Megacarpiea. PI. 1 foot. Cull. These plants are well adapted for rock-work. They can only be increased by seeds. XLIV. CREMO'LOBUS (from Kpepaw, kremao, to suspend, and \ioftoc, lobos, a pod ; cells hanging from the axis.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 418. prod. 1. p. 184. Lin. syst. Tctradijnamia, SiUculosa. Silicle stalked, flat ; biscutate. Cells marginate, hanging from the top or end of the axis. Style somewhat pyramidal. Seed solitary in each cell. Radicle ascending. Smooth herbs or sub -shrubs with round stems, and ovate or oblong, serrated, or somewhat entire cauline leaves, and many-flowered elongated racemes, with bractless fili- form pedicels and yellow- flowers. 1 C. Peruvianus (D. C. syst. 2. p. 419.) stems suff'rutes- cent ; leaves ovate, serrated ; style shorter than the pedicel of the fruit. fj . G. Native of Guayaquil, and Chili. Biscutella, Lam. diet. 3. p. 620. D. C. diss. bise. no. 6. t. 4. Leaves 2 or 3 inches long. Peruvian Cremolobus. PI. 1 or 2 feet. 2 C. suFFRUTicosus (D. C. syst. 2. p. 419.) stem suffrutes- cent ; leaves oval-oblong, serrated ; style longer than the pedicel of the fruit. Tt . G. Native of Peru. Biscutella suffruticosa, D. C. diss. bisc. no. 7. t. 5. Easily distinguished from C.Chilcn- sis in the stems being fnitescent, not herbaceous, as well as in having broader, tiiore serrated leaves. Shrubby Cremolobus. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 3 C. Chile'nsis (D. C. syst. 2. p. 419.) stem herbaceous; leaves oblong, almost entire ; style somewhat longer than the pe- dicel of the fruit. ©. H. Native of Chili. Biscutelk, Lag. in litt. D. C. diss. bisc. no. 8. t. 6. Biscutella cuneata. Lag. in hort. madr. 1815. p. 20. CAiZi Cremolobus. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1820. PI. i foot. Cult. The genus Cremolobus is scarcely worth cultivating except in botanic gardens. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand, will suit the two green-house s])ecies well. The hardy annual kind should be sown in front of a south wall in the common earth, aboiit the middle of April. The only way of increasing this genus is by seeds ; however young cuttings of the two green- house species, when procured, may be tried under a hand-glass. XLV. MENONVIXLEA (in honour of N. C. Thiery de Menonville, who introduced into Spanish America the Cactus Coccinellifera as well as the Cochineal.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 419. prod. 1. p. 184. LiN. Syst. Telradynamia, Siliculbsa. Silicle somewhat sti- pitate, biscutate (f. 46. n.). Cells with the margin expanded into a wing, and as if it were finishing the parallel disk (f 46. n.). An herb with a thick root and radical linear leaves, and terminal ra- cemes with bractless pedicels and dark or sad-coloured flowers. 1 M. linearis (D. C. syst. 2. p. 420.) Tl. G. Native of Peru and Chili. Radical leaves linear, entire, but sometimes, al- though rarely, grossly and irregularly toothed towards the top. Petals linear, twice the length of the calyx. Deless. icon. sel. 2. p. 56. The colours of the flowers are nearly like those of Hespe- ris tristis. Linear-\ea.\ei Menonvillea. Fl. May, July. PI. 1 foot. Cult. Menonvillea is not worth cultivating except in botanical gardens. A mixture of sand, loam, and peat will answer it well ; and it should be increased by seeds. Tribe IV. EUCLIDIE'^'E (plants agreeing in important characters with Euclidium,) or PLEURORHI'ZEyE (See Sub-Order I.) NU- CAMENTACEiE (from nucamcntum, a catkin: pods.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 420. prod. 1. p. 184. Silicle indehiscent, with con- cave, indistinct (f. 46. fZ.), or not separating valves, and some- times with hardly any trace of a dissepiment. Seeds oval, very few. Cotyledons flat, accumbent, parallel with the dissepiment (f. 45. g. h.) when there is any. XLVI. EUCLI'DIUM (from tv, eu, well, and kXucow, kleidoo, to shut up ; becavise of the well-closed seed-pods.) R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 74. D. C. syst. 2. p. 421. prod. 1. p. 184. LiN. SYST. Telradynamia, SiUculosa. Silicle ovate, drupaceous, with manifest sutures. Style subulate (f. 46. rf.). Cells 1-seeded. Annual herbs w ith slender roots and round branched stems, and pinnate-lobed, stalked, radical leaves, and oblong or linear, en- tire or toothed stem ones, with somewhat spicate erect racemes, which are opposite the leaves, and small white bractless flowers. 1 E. Syriacum (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 74.) pods scabrous ; style subulate, permanent (f. 46. rf.) ; cauline leaves stalked, lanceolate. ©. H. Native of SjTia, Tauria, Iberia, Podolia, Moldavia, Transylvania, and Austria, among rubbish, and in sandy cultivated places. Bunias Syriaca, Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 290. t. 141. f. 11. Anastatica Syriaca, Lin. spec. 895. Jacq. austr. 1. p. 7. t, 6. Anastatica Hierochuntina, Crantz. aust. p. 7. not of Lin. Myagrum rostratum, Scop. cam. ed. 2. no. 797. t. 35. Myagrum Syriacum, Lam. diet. 1. p. 570. no. 9. Myagrum rigidum. Pall. itin. 3. append.no. 104. t. L. 1. f. 1. and t. M. m. f. 2. ed. gall, append, no. 343. t. 65. and t. 105. f. 1. Hierochontis Carniolica, Medik, in Ust. ann. new. 2. p. 40. Bunias rostrata, Lher. cak. diss. ined. p. 9. Soria Syriaca, Desv. jour. bot. 3. p. 1 68, exclusive of synonyms of Lam. Flowers distant, disposed in spikes. Syrian Euclidium. Fl. Jid. Aug. Clt. 1778. PL J to 1 foot. 2 E. Tata'kicum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 422.) pods smooth ; style becoming deciduous ; cauline leaves linear, sessile. 0. H. Na- tive on hills about the Jaik, and in the des'erts about Astra- can. Vella tenuissima. Pall. itin. ed. gall, append, no. 344. t. 77. f. 2. Bunias Tatarica, Willd. spec. 3. p. 413. Myagrum Tataricum, Poir. suppl. 2. p, 48. Flowers small, scarcely pedi- celled. Tartarian Euclidium. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1820. PI. J foot. Cult. This genus is not worth cultivating except in botanic CRUCIFER/E. XLVII. Ociitiiodium. XLVIII. Pugioxum. XLIX. Anastatica. L. Morettia. 199 gardens. The species only require to be sown in the ojien bor- der. A hght sandy soil suits them best. XLVII. OCHTHO'DIUM (from oxQwok, ochthodes, warted ; in allusion to the warted surface of the pods.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 423. prod. 1. p. 184. Lin. syst. Tetradijnamia, Siliculdsa. Silicles coriaceous, somewhat globose. Stigma sessile. Dissepiment thick. Cells 1 -seeded. Cotyledons flat, oval-oblong, obliquely accumbent. An annual, erect, branched herb, with pinnatifidly-lyrate lower leaves, somewhat similar to those of Rape, and rather entire upper ones ; with the stems pilose at base, and with elongated racemes, bractless short pedicels and yellow flowers. 1 O. ^EcYrTiAciiM D. C. syst. 2. p. 423.) ©. H. Native of Egypt and Syria. Bunias yEgyptiaca, Lin. syst. nat. 3. p. 231 . Gmel. in Act. petrop. 12. p. 509. t. 9. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 145. My^grum verrucosum. Lam. diet. 1. p. 570. no. 11. Rapistrum jEgyptiacum, R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 74. Eucli- dium jEgyptiacum, Andrz. cruc. ined. Radical leaves stalked. Petals larger than the calyx. Egyptian Ochthodiura. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1787. PI. J foot. Cult. This plant is scarcely worth cultivating except in bota- nic gardens. It only requires to be sown in the open border. A light sandy soil suits it best. XLVIII. PUGIO'NUM (from jrngio, a dagger ; resem- blance in point of pods.) Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 291. t. 142. D. C. syst. 2. p. 424. prod. 1. p. 185. Lin. syst. Tetradynamia, Silmdosa. Silicle coriaceous, transversely oval, echinated on all sides, and ending in a long, dagger-like point, 1 -celled and 1 -seeded from abortion. A smooth herb with linear, entire, half stem-clasping leaves, and loose racemes of small white flowers. 1 P. cornu'tum (Gaert. I.e.) ©.? H. Native of the Le- vant and Siberia, in the desert of the Kalmucks, at the Caspian Sea. Bunias cornuta, Lin. spec. 935. jVIyiigrum cornutum, Lam. diet. 1. p. 571. Flowers hardly larger than those of Eroph'da verna. Petals narrow, quite entire. Leaves linear, somewhat tongue-shaped, glaucous. Horned-Y>o(ldeA Pugionum. Fl. Jun. July. PI. § foot ? Cult. This plant is hardly worth cultivating except in botanic gardens. It only requires to be sown in the open border, in a w arm dry situation. A light sandy soil will suit it best. Tribe V. ANASTATI'CEjE (plants agreeing in important characters with Anastatica.) or PLEURORHI'ZE^. (See Sub-Order I.) .SEPTULA' TjE (a dim. of septum, a dissepiment; dissepiment small.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 424. prod. 1. p. 185. Silicle opening longitudinally (f. 46. _/.), with concave valves, bearing inteinally transverse, horizontal dissepiments, which separate the seeds (f. 46. /.). Seeds not margined. Cotyledons flat, accumbent, pa- rallel with the dissepiment (f. 45. g. h.). XLIX. ANASTA TICA (from avacrTamc, anastasis, resur- rection ; plant recovering its original form however dry it may be, on immersion in water.) Gart. fruct. 2. p. 286. t. 141. D. C. syst. 2. p. 425. prod. 1. p. 185. LiN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculdsa. Silicle ventricose (f. 46. e.), with the valves bearing each an appendage on the out- side at the end (f. 46./.). Petals obovate. A small annual herb, branching from the neck. The younger plants are herba- ceous, villous and expanded. The adult plants become hard. ligneous, and smooth, with the branches crowded lattice-wise into a globular form. The leaves are oblong, and entire, the ra- cemes are short, and placed opposite the leaves. The flowers are small, sessile, and white. 1 A. HiERocnuNTfNA (Lin. spec. 895.). ©. F. Native of arid wastes in Egypt near Caira ; Palestine, and Barbary ; on roofs of houses anJ among rubbish in Syria; of Arabia in sandy deserts on the coasts of the Red Sea. Jacq. vind. t. 58. Lam. ill. t. 555. Schkuhr. liandb. 2, no. 1760. t. 179. good figure. A. littoralis, Sal. prod. 266. — Lob. icon. 2. p. 203. — Moris, hist. 2. p. 228. sect. 5. t. 25. f 2 & 3.— Weinm. phyt. t. 914. f. c. Stem much branched, somewhat dichotomous, dwarf. Leaves oblong or ovate, narrowed at the base into the petiole. Pods somewhat pubescent. The leaves fall off from the plant after flowering, and the branches and branchlets become dry, hard, and ligneous, and rise upwards and bend inwards at their points, hence they become contracted into a globular form, and in this state the plant is easily withdrawn from the sand by the wind and blown from the desert into the sea, and as soon as it comes in contact with the water, the branches gradually expand, and the pods open and relieve the seeds, which are thrown again upon the shore by the tide, and scattered with the sand through the desert by the wmd. If this plant is taken up before it is withered, and kept entire in a dry room, it may be long preserved, and after being many years in this situation, if the root is placed in a glass of water a few hours, the buds of flowers will swell, open, and appear as if newly taken out of the ground, or it will recover its original form in the same manner if wholly immersed in water. The common people in Palestine believe that if you put this plant in water at the time when a woman first experiences the pains of child-birth, it will expand at the precise moment when the infant is brought into the world. The plant is called Kaf Maryam or 3laiy's Flower in Palestine, because it is supposed that the flower opened at the instant our Saviour was born. Boseof Jericho or Holy Bose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Ch. 1597. Pl.|ft. Cult. The seeds of this plant rarely ripen in England, unless they be sown in a hot-bed early in the spring, and the plants afterwards put into pots which should be plunged again into the hot-bed to bring them forward ; for although the seeds will come up in the open ground, where the soil is dry, yet the plants rarely rise to any size, nor do they perfect seeds unless the summer is very hot and dry ; but if the plants are kept in a frame, giving them free air in warm weather, they will flower in June and ripen their seeds in September. This plant is only grown in the gardens of the curious for its singidarity. L. MORE'TTIA (in honour, of J. L. Moretti, an Itali.in botanist). D. C. syst. 2. p. 426. prod. 1. p. 185. LiN. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculdsa. Silicle ovate, witii the valves not appendiculated at the end. Petals linear. A branched herb, beset with fascicled-stellate grey hairs. Leaves obovate, cuneated at their base, and grossly toothed at their apices. Racemes erect, w ith short pedicels in the axillaj of the bracteas, which are leafy and longer than the flowers. 1 M. philJ!ana(D. C. syst. 2. p.426.) l7.0.?H. Native of Nubia near the island of Phila. Sinapis Philaeana, Delil. fl. aegyp. p. 99. t. 33. f. 3. Tucnexia Philaeana, D. C. syst. 2. p. 426. Stems suffiuticose at the base, about the thickness of a pigeon's quill. Leaves alternate, almost sessile. Flowers distant, small, probably white. Pods oblong, velvety on the outside. P/iila Morettia. Fl. June, July. PI. | to § foot. Cult. As this plant possesses no beauty, it is only worth cultivating in botanical gardens. It should be sown in a dry warm situation in the open border, where the seeds will ripen. 200 CRUCIFERjE. LI. Cakile. LII. Cordylocarpus. LIII. Ciiorispora. Tribe VI. CAKILI'NEiE (plants asrreeing with Cakilc in important cliaracteis) or PLEURORHIZE.E (see Suborder I.) LO- MENTA'CE^ (/o?ne7i/«w, a lonicnt; pods). D. C. syst. 2. p. 427. prod. 1. p. 185. Silique or silicle separating across into 1-2-celled, 1-2-seeded joints (f. 46. o.). Seeds not margined. Cotyledons fiat, acciimbent, parallel with the dissepiment, when there is any (f. 45. g. h. f. 46. c). LI. CAKTLE (an Arabic word employed by Scrapie for this plant). Tourn. inst. 49. t. 483. Goert. friict. 2. p. 287. t. 141. D. C. syst. 2. p. 427. prod. 1. p. 185. Lin. syst. Tetradynamia, Siliqudsa. Silique 2-jointed, com- pressed (f. 46. o.), upper joint ensiform or ovate. Seeds solitary in the cells, the one in the upper cell erect, the one in the lower cell pendulous. Smooth, fleshy, glaucous, annual, branched herbs. Leaves pinnatifid or toothed. Racemes opposite the leaves and terminal, erect ; pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers white or purplish. 1 C. MARfTiMA (Scop. fl. Cam. no. 814.) upper joint of pod ensiform; leaves pinnate-jiarted. Q. H. Native of Europe in the sand along the sea-coast from Sweden and Lapland to Gibraltar ; on both shores of the Mediterranean and along the Euxine Sea in Tauria. In Britain frequent on the sea-coast. Lam. ill. t. 554. f. 1. Hook. fl. lond. t. 160. Bunias Cakile, Lin. spec. 936. Smith engl. bot. t. 231. F\. dan. 1168. Isatis pinnata, Forsk. segyp. descr. 121. Rapistnnn maritimum, Berg, pliyt. 3. p. 173. icon. Cakile Serapionis, Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 287. t. 141. f. 12. Cakile pinnatifida, Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 485. A spreading plant with pinnate-parted leaves, with the lobes somewhat distant, entire or toothed. Flowers of a bright lilac- colour, disposed in dense corymbs. This plant is asserted to be an active cathartic by Anquillara. re«rf;Hn-poddedTreacle-Mustard. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt.lS24. PL? 48 E. sYivA'TicLM(Bieb. fl.taur. suppl.p. 441.) ^.H. Native of the Ukraine in woods. Leaves lanceolate, remotely toothed. Branches sjjreading. Corolla paler and rather larger than in E. cheiranthoides. Pods spreading. IFood Treacle-Mustard. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 49 E. Marsciiallia'num (Andrz. in Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 441.) ^ . H. Native of South Podolia. Very near to E. hieraci- fdlium, but differing in the leaves and pods being more upright and one-half shorter. Flowers yellow. M«r«c/(«W-Bieberstein's Treacle-Mustard. Fl. Ju. Jul. PI. 1 ft. Cult. The perennial herbaceous and sub-shrubby species of this genus answer well for the flower-border in any common garden soil ; some of the smaller kind do well for ornamenting rock- work, or to be grown in pots, and placed among other alpine plants; they may be either increased by cuttings planted under a liand-glass, by seeds or by dividing the plants at the root. The biennial and arunial kinds may all be sown in the open ground, and treated as other hardy annuals and biennials. LX. LEPTA'LEUM (from XeTrraXfoc, leptalcos, slender; leaves slender and filiform.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 510. prod. 1. p. 200. Lin. syst. Tetradynamia, Siliquosa. Silique roundish, ses- sile ; stigmas 2, counivent. Calyx equal at the base. .Stamens 4 or 6. Seeds numerous, in one row. Small smooth annual herbs. Leaves glaucous, filiform, sometimes entire, sometimes sparingly toothed, sometimes pinnately-parted ; lobes filiform. Racemes terminal, fevv-flowercd ; pedicels very short, rising from the axilla; of the leaves. Flowers small, whitish-purple. 1 L. filifo'lium (D. C. syst. 2. p. 511.) some of the leaves are entire, others sparingly lobed ; stem longer than the pods ; pods rough from small down. ©. H. Native of Siberia at the river Kuma. Dcless. icon. sel. 2. p. 68. Sisymbrium filifolium, Willd. spec. 3. p. 496. Pods axillary, erect or deflexed, covered with short hairs at the base, which are hooked at the point. Thread-leaved Le])taleum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 or 2 inches. 2 L. pvGM«;'uM (D, C. syst. 2. p. 511.) leaves nearly all pin- nate-parted ; stem sliorter than the pods, which are muricated and n-labrous. 0. H. Native of Persia. Very like the first, but differs in hardly having any stem, and in the leaves being nearly all pinnate-parted, with hnear distant lobes. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 68. Pygmy Leptaleum. PI. hardly an inch. Cult, These are little annual plants, but are not worth culti- 214 CRUCIFER^. LXI. Stanleya. LXII. Stenopetalum. LXIII. Camelina. vatin'T. Tliey only require to be sown in the open ground in any kind of soil. LXI. STANLEYA (in honour of Edward Lord Stanley, pre- sident L. S. and F.R.S. a profound ornithologist.) Nutt. gen. amer. no. 166. D. C. syst. 2. p. 511. prod. 1. p. 200. Lin. syst. Tetradynmiia, Siliqudsa. Silique roundish, stalk- ed above the torus. Seeds oblong, terete. Calyx spreading. Smooth glaucous erect herbs. Cauline leaves alternate, pinna- tifidly-lyrate or entire. Racemes elongated, terminal. Pedicels bractless, filiform. Flowers yellow. Habit nearly of Brdssica on the one hand, and on the other to Clebnie. 1 S. pinnati'fida (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 71.) leaves interrup- tedly pinnatifid. 1/. H. Nativeof Upper Louisiana at the junc- tion of Point-Creek and the Missouri among broken calcareous rocks. Cleome pinnata, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 739. Leaves thick, emulating those of a species of Brdssica. Flowers yellow, nearly like those of a species of Clcbme. The leaves of this species, from their analogy with Brdssica, have been tried as an ali- ment, but after it has been cooked it becomes powerfully emetic. Pi>i)iatijid-leaved Stanieya. Fl. May. Clt. 1812. PI. 3 feet. 2 S. graVilis (D. C. syst. 2. p. 512.) upper leaves oblong, entire, sessile, narrowed at the base. ©. H. Native of North America between Wateree and Longaree. Cleome laevigata, Sol. mss. in herb. Banks. Stems solitary, slender, sparingly branch- ed at the top. Flowers small, yellow, hexandrous. Slender-stemmed Stanleya. PI. 1 to li foot. 3 S. amplexicau'lis (Nutt. in Sillim. amer. journ. 5. ,ann. 1822. p. 297.) leaves entire ? stem-clasping ; flowers corymbose ; pods nodding. — Native of Eastern Florida in pine woods. Plant smooth, glaucous. Pods 2 or 3 inches long. Flowers yellow. Stem-clasjnng-leaved Stanleya. PI. 1 to l-j- foot. Cult. The genus Stanleya grows most freely in peat or ve- getable soil. They will thrive in the open border in a rather shady situation. S. pinnatifida may be either increased by dividing the plant at the root or by seeds, and the other two species by seeds only. Trihe VIII. CAMELTNEjE (plant agreeing with Camelina in important characters), or NOTORHI'ZEiE (see sub-order II.) -L ATISE'P- TiE {latus broad and septum a dissepiment; dissepiment broad.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 513. prod. 1. p. 201. Silicle with concave valves, and with an elliptical dissepiment in its greatest dia- meter (f. 46. r.). Seeds ovate. Cotyledons flat, incumbent, con- trary to the dissepiment (f. 45. ?.). The dissepiment in several of the genera is incomplete, sometimes wanting altogetlier. LXII. STENOPE'TALUM (from gtivoq, stenos, narrow, and TTtraXoc, petalon, a petal; petals narrow.) R. Br. in D. C. syst. 2. p. 513. Lin. syst. Tetradyndmia, Siliculosa. Silicle elliptical, with concave or flat valves ; cells many-seeded. Style none. Seeds small, somewhat ovate, in 2 rows in each cell. A slender annual smooth upright herb. Leaves scattered, linear, entire. Racemes terminal, elongating as they come to maturity. Pedicels bract- less, filiform, erect, one-half shorter than the pods. Petals narrow. 1 S. LINE a' RE (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. c.) ©. H. Native of south-west coast of New Holland. Herb very slender. Stem filiform, simple or sparingly branched. Leaves 7 or 8 lines long, and half a line broad. Pods 2 lines long and 1 line broad. Petals very narrow. Zniea»--petalled Stenopetalum. PI. 1 foot. Cult. The seeds of this plant should be sown in a pot, filled 1 with a mixture of sand loam and peat, which should be placed in a hot-bed until the montli of May, when it may be planted out in front of a wall, or in any warm situation in the open border, where it will ripen its seed ; but the plant is certainly not worth cultivating, except in botanic gardens. LXIII. CAMELl'NA (xafjiai,chamai, onthe ground, and Xi^oi', flax ; that is to say, dwarf-flax ; resemblance.) Crantz. austr. 1 . p. 17. Medik. gen. pi. 1. p. 67. t, 1. f. 11. D. C. syst. 2. p. 514. prod. 1. p. 201. Lin. syst. Tetradynamia, Siliculosa. Silicle obovate, or some- what globose, with ventricose valves, opening with the part of the style (f. 46. r.) ; cells many-seeded. Style filiform. Seeds oblong, not margined. Erect usually branched herbs. Leaves stem- clasping or sagittate, oblong, entire, sinuately-toothed, pinnatifid or serrate. Racemes terminal, many-flowered, elongated after flowering. Pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers yellow. Sect. I. ChamjEli^num (same meaning as genus.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 514. prod. 1. p. 201. Silicle obovate, margined. Style conical. Stigma simple. Plants annual. Leaves sagittate. 1 C. Armeni'aca (Desv. journ. hot. 3. p. 182.) pods obco- nical at the base, elongated, terminated by the short style ; leaves linear-lanceolate, quite entire. ©. H. Native of Armenia. Stems rough, with scattered hairs. Leaves villous. Armenian Gold of Pleasure. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ foot. 2 C. sati\'a (Crantz. austr. p. 10.) pods cuneated, pear- shaped, with 4 ribs, terminated by a longish style ; leaves almost entire, lanceolate. ©. H. Native throughout the whole of Europe in cultivated fields, chiefly among flax, with whose seeds it is often introduced from one country to another. It does not long propagate itself in Britain spontaneously. It is also found in the island of Cyprus, Tauria, and Siberia, &c. Myagrum sativum, Lin. spec. 894. Cav. icon. 1. p. 47. t. 66. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1755, t. 178. Fl. dan. 1038. Alyssum sativum. Scop. cam. no. 794. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1254. Camelina sa- gittata, Moench. meth. 255. Moe'nchia sativa. Roth. germ. 1. p. 274. Flowers golden-yellow. A very variable plant. Far. a, piVosa (D C. syst. 2. p. 516.) leaves entire, pilose, Myagrum sativum. Berg. phyt. icon. — Chabr. sciagr. 283. f. 4. — Mor. oxon. 2. p. 315. sect. 3. t. 21. f. 2. Var. ft, glahrata (D. C. syst. 1. c.) leaves entire, smoothish. — Lind. alsa. 94. t. 1 . This is the plant that is cultivated. This plant is cidtivated in many parts of Europe for the seed, from which oil is obtained by expression, which is used for me- dicinal, cidinary, and oeconomical purposes. For the method of its culture see Parmentier in Roz. cours. d. agric. vol. xi. p. 291. Bosc. diet, d'agric. 3. p. 45. Galliz. bot. agr. 3. p. 170. Cultivated Gold of Pleasure. Fl. June. Britain. PL 1 foot. 3 C. denta'ta (Pers. ench. 2. p. 191.) pods roundish, pear- siiaped, with 4 ribs, terminated by a longish style ; leaves repand-toothed. ©. H. Native of Alsace, Spain, Tauria, &c. in cultivated fields. Pods nearly globose. Var. a, dentata (D. C. syst. 2. p. 516.) le.aves smoothish, grossly-toothed or sinuated. Myagrum dentatum, Wilkl. phyt. 1. p. 9. no. 13. Myagrum Bauhaii, Gmel. fl. bad. 3. p. 7. Moe'nchia arvensis, Bernh. Cochlearia fce'tida, Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1805. Myagrum Alyssum, Mill. diet. no. 2 J. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 893. icon. Var. ft, pinnalijida (D. C. syst. 1. c.) leaves sinuately-pinna- tifid, scabrous from scattered hairs. Myagrum pinnatifidum, Ehrh. dec. p. 16. Camerina pinnatifida, Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 598. Cochlearia hetcrophy'Ua, Cav. Both plants are very like C. sativa, but the leaves are deeply toothed, not entire. Too/AetZ-leaved Gold of Pleasure. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1806. PI. 1 foot. CRUCIFER^E. LXIV. Eudema. LXV. Neslia. LXVI. Eutrema. LXVII. Oreas. 215 4 C. microca'rpa (Andrz. cruc, in D. C. syst. 2. p. 517.) pods peav-sliaped, with 2 ribs, terminated by a longish style (f. 16. r.) ; leaves lanceolate, denticulated, hispid. ©. H. Native of Po- dolia. Allied to C. satlva a j)ilosa, but differs in the fruit being one-half shorter and with 2 not 4 ribs. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. (;9. Small-fruited Gold of Pleasure. Fl. Ju. July. PI. 1 foot. Sect. II. Pseudolinum {\pevSrig, pseudes, false, and Xiroy, linon, flax.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 517. prod. 1. p. 201. Silicles globose, not margined. Style filiform. Stigma capitate. Plants perennial. Leaves stem-clasping, bluntly auricled. 5 C. Barbare.«fo"lia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 517.) pods globose ; leaves oblong, pinnatifid, bliuttly auricled at the base ; stem vil- lous at the base. %. H. Native of eastern Siberia in the province of Irkoutsk near Doroninsk, also of Eschcholz's Bay on the north-west coast of America. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 70. Barbarea-leaved Gold of Pleasure. Fl. May, July. Clt. ISIS. PI. 1 to U foot. C C. Austri'acum (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 93.') pods globose ; leaves oblong, serrate-toothed, clasping the stem at the base ; stem smooth. 1^. H. Native of Austria in humid meadows about Vienna, also in Silesia and Tauria at the Tanais and the Volga. Myogram Austriacum, Jacq. fl. austr. 2. p. 111. Schkidir. handb. 2. no. 1756. t. 158. Nastiirtium Austriacum, Crantz. austr. 1. p. 15. t. 2. f. 1, 2, 3. Myagrum Crantzii, Vittm. sumn. pi. 4. p. 9. Stem branched, in wet places weak and elongated, but in dry places firm and short. Austrian Gold of Pleasure. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1795. PL 1 ft. Cult. Notwithstanding the ridiculously pompous English name of Gold of Pleasure which these plants bear, and which seems a satire on the articles of which it is composed, as yield- ing nothing but disappointment, they are not worth cultivating except in general collections. Both perennial and annual species can only be increased by seeds. They require no care. LXIV. EUDE'MA (in honour of Eudemus of Rhodes, a pupil of Aristotle). Humb. et Bonpl. pi. jEquin. 2. p. 133. t. 123 and 124. D. C. syst. 2. p. 518. prod. 1. p. 202. Lin. svst. Tctradyncimia, Siliculbsa. Silicle ovate, with many-seeded cells and concave valves, with the dissepiment per- forated at the top. Style filiform. Seeds oval. Cotyledons (from the figure) incumbent. Small tufted perennial herbs, with crowded, ciliated, blunt small leaves, and axillary, stalked, solitary white flowers. 1 E. rlte'stris (H. et B. pi. sequin. 2. p. 133. t. 123.) leaves linear ; calyx shorter than the corolla ; cells of pods 8 or 10- seeded. 1/ . G. Native of South America in mountains near Quito on high and cold rocks. Draba Humboldtii, Desv. jour, bot. 3. p. 171. Root woody, fusiform, branched. Flowers white. Leaves smooth, not ciliated. Rock Eudema. PI. 2 or 3 inches. 2 E. nubi'gexa (H. et B. pi. sequin. 2. p. 136. t. 124.) leaves spatidate ; calyx longer than the corolla ; cells of pods 4- seeded. %. G. Native of the Andes about Quito on high rocks. Root elongated, fusiform, almost simple, much longer than the herb. Flowers white. Leaves ciliated. Cloud Eudema. PI. 1 inch. Cult. As there has not yet been a species o? Eudema intro- duced into Britain, it is difficidt to say what method of cidtiva- tion would suit them best, but we would recommend their being kept in pots which should be well drained with potsherds, and planted in a mixtiu-e of sand, loam and peat, and placed in a green-house or frame, so that they may be protected from the frost. It is evident from the natiu-e of the plants that they must be either increased by seeds or cuttings ; but they are not worth cultivating except in botanic gardens. LXV. NESLIA (meaning not explained.) Desv. journ. 3. p. 162 and 163. D. C. syst. 2. p. 519. prod. 1. p. 202. Lin. syst. Tetradijnamia, SiUcidosa. Silicle almost glo- bose, indehiscent, with concave valves, 1 -seeded and l-celled from the want of a dissepiment. Seeds somewhat globose, pen- dulous. Cotyledons ovate, thick, incumbent. An annual erect herb, with somewhat the habit of Camelina sativa. Stems round, sparingly branched, whitish, pubescent, or a little hispid at the base. Cauline leaves alternate, sagittate, stem-clasping, oblong- lanceolate, entire. Racemes terminal, elongated. Pedicels fili- form, bractless. Flowers small, yellow. 1 N. panicula'ta (Desv. 1. c.) ©• H. Native of corn-fields and sandy places almost throughout the whole of Europe, from Turkey to Sweden, and from Spain to Petersburgh, also in Iberia about Tiflis ; in the south of Tauria and in Siberia be- tween Zmeof and the Irtish. Myagrum paniciUatum, Lin. spec, 894. CEdcr. Fl. dan. t. 204. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1757. t. 178. Cochlearia sagittata, Crantz. cruc. p. 99. Nasturtium panicula- tiun, Crantz. austr. p. 15. Crambe paniculata. All. pcd. 1. p. 256. Vogeha sagittata, Medik. phi. gatt. t. 1. f. 6. Rapistrum paniculittum, Gsert. fruct. 2. p. 285. t. 141. Biinias paniculata, Lher. cak. diss. ined. p. 9. Alyssumpanicidatum, Willd. enum. 2. p. 671. Vogelia panicidata, Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 594. Faiiicled 'Seslla. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1683. PI. U foot. Cult. This plant is not worth cultivating except in botanic gardens. It only requires to be sown in the open border, and treated like other hardy annuals. LXVI. EUTRE^MA (from ev, eu, well ; Tprjfia, trema, an orifice ; dissepiment incomplete.) R. Br. in app. Parry's voy. append, p. 9. t. A. Lin. syst. Tetradynamia, SiUcidosa. Silicle short, 2-edged, with keeled valves, an incomplete dissepiment, and many-seeded cells. Plant with the habit of Braya. Root thick, fusiform, from which spring numerous simple few-leaved stems. Radical leaves stalked, ovate-lanceolate, quite entire or a little toothed, thickish, the uppermost cauline ones sessile. Corymbs dense, 7-S-flowered. Flowers white ; anthers yellow. Dissepiment complete at tlie base and apex, but not so in the middle. Perhaps tlie genus Braya ought to have been inserted here. 1 E. Edwa'rdsii"(R. Br. 1. c.) %.l{. Native of Melville Island in the neighbourhood of Winter Harbour. Plant smooth. Edirards's Eutrema. Fl. April, May. PL 2 to 3 inches. Cult. This plant should be grown in small pots filled with a mixture of peat, loam and sand, well drained with potsherds at the bottom. It should be treated as other alpine plants. It can only be propagated by sseds. LXVII. ORE' AS (from opeiae, oreias, njanph of the moun- tains, in allusion to the habitat of the plant.) Cham, et Schlecht. Linnsea 1. p. 29. Lin. syst. Tctradyncimia, Siliculosa. Silicle lanceolate, com- pressed, l-celled, from the dissepiment having vanished ; valves flattish, with a nerve running through the middle. Seeds nu- merous, egg-shaped, hanging from the upper part of the placen- tarious nerve by long umbical funicles. — A small alpine peremiial iierb, with the habit of Carddmiiie hellidifoUa. Leaves radical, stalked, smooth. Bracteas crowded under the pedicels, appear- ing like an involucre. Flowers in short racemes, white, some- times veined with dark-purple. Calyx loose, equal at the base. Petals entire, unquiculate, equal. Filaments equal, toothless. Style very short, crowned by a capitate stigma. This genus is suflSciently distinct, in the dissepiment being absent, as well as the glands. 1 O. in-v'olucra"ta (Cham. 1. c. t. 1.) 1/ . H. Native of the island of Unalaschka on the tops of the mountains among stones. 216 CRUCIFER^. LXVIII. Capsella. LXIX. SeneBIera. Involucratcd Oreas. PI. ^ to 1 inch. Cult. This plant should be grown in small pots, in a mixture of peat and sand, and treated as other alpine plants ; it can be propagated by dividing the plants at the roots or by seeds. Not worth cultivating except in general collections. Tribe IX. LEPIDI'NEjE (plants agreeing in character with Lepidium,) or NOTORHI'ZE^ (see sub-order II.) -ANGUSTISE'PTiE {Augustus narrow septum, a partition ; dissepiment narrow.) D. C syst. 2. p. 521. prod. 1. p. 202. Silicle with a very narrow dissepiment, and with keeled (f. 47. a. b.) or very concave valves. Seeds few or solitary in each cells (f. 47. a. b.), ovate, not margined. Cotyledons flat, incumbent, parallel with the dis- sepiment (f. 45.^', i.). LXVIII. CAPSE'LLA (a diminutive of Capsula, a capsule.) Vent. tabl. 3. p. 110. D. C. syst. 2. p. 383. prod. 1. p. 177. Lin. syst. Tetradynamia, SiUculhsa. Silicle triangular, cu- neated at the base, with navicular wingless valves ; cells many- seeded. An annual herb, very variable in habit. Radical leaves rosidate, entire, toothed, cut or variously lobcd. Stem leaves few, erect, oblong, sagittate at the base. Racemes terminal, elongated ; pedicels lilifonn, bractless, much longer than the pods. Flowers small, white. 1 C. bu'rsa-pasto'ris (Moench. meth. 271.) ©. H. Native throughout the world in waste and ctdtivated land, and by way- sides every where ; very common in Britain. Thlaspi biirsa- pastoris, Lin. spec. 903. Smith, eng. hot. 1. 1485. (Eder. fl. dan. t. 729. Curt, fi. lond. 1. t. 50. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1797. t. 180. The herb, according to De CandoUe, is much less acrid than the rest of the order, and it is rather glutinous to the taste. Var. /3, mhior (D. C. syst. 2. p. 384.) Bursa-pastoris minor, Tab. icon. 197. Plant small. Var. y, intcgrifdlia (D. C. 1. c.) Mor. oxon. 2. p. 104. sect. 3. t. 20. f. 1. Leaves entire. Var. S, coronoplfblia (D. C. 1. c.) — Bauh. pin. 108. Var. £, apietala (D. C. 1. c.) Opiz. in hot. zeit. 1821. p. 440. Flowers petalless, decandrous. This plant is rather a monster than a variety. Shepherd' s-Purse. Fl. March, Nov. Britain. PL i to 1 ft. Cult, The Shepherd' s-Purse is well known as a very trouble- some weed in gardens, but it is easily kept under by hoeing the ground in dry hot weather, at or before it comes into flower, but if suffered to seed it will become exceedingly troublesome. LXIX. SENEBIETvA (in honour of John de Senebier of Geneva, a vegetable physiologist.) Poir. diet. 7. p. 75. D. C. syst. 2. p. 521. prod. 1. p. 202. Lin. SYST. Tetradynamia, SUieulbsa. Silicle cuneated,didymous, with ventricose or somewhat keeled unopening 1 -seeded valves. Seeds sub-globose, triquetrous. Cotyledons incumbent, linear. Annual or biennial, many-stemmed, smooth or somewhat villous, branched, usually trailing herbs. Leaves alternate, sometimes linear entire, sometimes deeply serrated, sometimes pinnate- lobed, with the lobes entire or toothed. Racemes short, op- posite the leaves ; pedicels bractless. Flowers small, vihite. Sect. I. Nasturtio'lum (altered from Nasturtium). D. C. syst. 2. p. 522. prod. 1. p. 202. Medik. gen. pi. p. 82. t. 2. f. 21. from Ust. new. ann. 2. p. 45. Silicles emarginate at the top. Pissepiment shorter than the globose valves. 1 S. integrifo'lia (D. C. soc. hist. nat. par. ann. 7. p. 144. t. 8.) leaves linear, entire, narrowed at the base ; pods bi-globose, spongy, areolate. ©.H. Native of Madagascar. Coronopus jntegrifolia, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 858. Seeds roundish, brown. Entire-leaved Wart-Cress. PI. § foot. 2 S. linoi'des (D. C. syst. 2. p. 522.) leaves linear, acute, entire ; pods rather compressed, biscutate, very minutely areo- late, dotted. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Le- pidium linoides, Thunb.prod. 107.? Coronopus linoides, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 852. Having the leaves of .S'. integrifulia, and the pods of S. pinnat'ifida. Plant branched, erect. Flax-like Wart-Cress. PI. 5 foot. 3 S. Helenia'na (D. C. syst. 2. p. 523.) lower leaves pinnate- parted ; lobes cut ; upper leaves linear or divided into few lobes ; pods bi-globose, somewhat areolate. ©. H. Native of the island of St. Helena on calcareous mountains at Sandy Bay. Coronopus Heleniana, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 885. Plant much branched, decumbent, somewhat tufted. St. Helena Wart-Cress. PI. 3 or 5 inches long. 4 S. rECTiNA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 523.) leaves pinnate-parted ; lobes linear, acuminated, entire ; pods compressed, twin, netted with transverse nerves. ©. H. Native of South America in Quito near Chillo, at the height of 4053 feet above the sea. A procumbent plant, with slender, rather hairy branches, very like .S'. p)innatijida. Pods emarginate at both ends. Peetinate-Xe^xeA Wart-Cress. PI. 1 foot long, procumbent. 5 S. pinnati'fida (D. C. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. ann. 7. p. 144. t. 9.) leaves pinnate-lobed ; lobes oblong, toothed or somewhat cut; pods compressed, twin, reticulated, ©. H. Native nearly throughout the whole world in waste ground, and by way-sides, especially near the sea, plentiful in Britain. Le- pidium A'nglicum, Huds. 280. Lepidium didymum, Lin. mant. 92. Lepidium prostratum, Savi. in Santi. viag. 2. p. 18. t. 1. Coronopus didyma. Smith, fl. brit. 2. p. 691. engl. bot. 248. Senebiera supina, Thor. chl. land. 275. Senebiera didyma, Pers. ench. 2. p. 185. Coronopus pinnatus, Horn. hafn. 599. Petals 4, oblong, sometimes wanting. Plant diffuse or procumbent. Var. /3, inclsa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 524.) lobes of leaves 3-4- parted. ©. H. Native of Pennsylvania and Carolina along the banks of the Mississipi and the Missouri. In Brazil about Monte Video, also of Buenos Ayres. Lepidium Bonariense, Mill. diet, no. 13. Biscutella apetala, Walt. car. 174. Cochlearia humi- fijsa, Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 27. Coronopus didyma, Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 64. Senebiera incisa, Willd. enum. 2. p, 668, Coronopus incisa, Horn, h.afn, 599, Pmj/a^j^ii-leaved Wart-Cress. Fl. Jul. Sept. Brit. PI. 1ft. long. Sect. II. Cara'ra (probably from Ktipa, kara, the peak of a mountain; habitat of plants). D. C. syst. 2. p. 524. prod. 1. p. 203. Silicles not emarginate at the top, somewhat compressed on both sides, with compressed valves, which are crested or wrinkled on their back. 6 S. CORONOPUS (Poir. diet. 7. p. 76.) leaves pinnate-lobed ; lobes entire, toothed, or piimatifid ; pods acutish, compressed, with the valves crested on their back. ©. H. Native of waste ground, and by way-sides on calcareous and sandy soils, almost throughout the whole of Europe, Russia perhaps excepted ; also in the Canary islands and North America. Cochlearia Coronopus, Lin. spec. 904. Oed. fl. dan. t. 202. Schkuhr. handb, 2, no, 1802. t, 181, Coronopus Ruellii, All, ped. no. 934, Gsert. fruct, 2, p, 293, t. 242. Lam, ill, t, 558. Smith, engl, bot, t. 1660. Carara Coronopus, Medik. in Ust. new. ann. 2, p, 38. This plant has got about 20 other synonymovis names, but they have now become perfectly obsolete. Sepals roundish, with white membranous margins. Stems spreading, quite flat to the ground. This plant was formerly gathered and used as a salad ; but has since been deservedly neglected, the whole herb being nauseously acrid and fetid, and must require much boiling to render it eatable. CRUCIFERyE. LXIX. Senebiera. LXX. Lei-idium. 217 Common or ;5'Mr Wart-Cress. Fl. July, Sept. Britain. PI. trailing. 7 .S. serra'ta (Poir. diet. 7. p. 76.) leaves oblong, deeply serrated; pods compressed, rough. ©?H? Native of Brazil about Monte Video, where it flowers in November. Coronopus serratus, Desv. journ. hot. 3. p. \ii3. Coronopus myricsefolia. Smith, herb. Flowers very small. Pods compressed, somewhat orbicular at the base, with rough, glabrous reticulated valves. Stems branched, procumbent, pubescent, smooth at the top. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 71. (Sflni-leaved Wart-Cress. Fl. Nov. PI. 1 foot long. Sect. III. Cotyli'scus (from kotvXi], kotyle, a hollow ; valves of silicles concave). D. C. syst. 2. p. 526. prod. 1. p. 203. Silicles not crested on the back, not emarginate at the top, hence they are concave or nearly flat. 8 S. Nilo'tica (D. C. syst. 2. p. 527.) radical leaves pinnate- parted ; lobes deeply-serrated ; upper leaves almost entire ; pods compressed, rather boat-shaped. ©. H. Native of the islands in the Nile in Lower Egypt. Coehlearia Ndotica, Deliie ill. fl. a-gyp. p. 19. descr. p. 101. t. 31. f. 2. Cotyliscus Niloticus, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 1C4. and 175. t. 25. f. 13. Coronopus Niloticus, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 853. Herb smooth. Stems erect, lower branches very long and spreading. Pods reniform, pointed with the sessile stigma. This plant is eaten as a salad in Egypt. Nik Wart-Cress. PI. 1 to 2 feet. Cult. As these plants possess no beauty, they are not worth cultivating, except in botanical gardens. They only require to be sown in the open ground, in any kind of soil. LXX. LEPI'DIUM (from XtTric Xitrtcoc, lepis hpidos, a scale ; in allusion to the form of the pods, which resemble little scales). R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 85. D. C. syst. 2. p. 527. prod. 1. p. 203. LiN. SYST. Tetradynam'ia, SUiculosa. Silicle ovate, or some- what cordate, dehiscent, with keeled (f. •t7. «.) or rarely ventricose valves, and 1 -seeded cells. Seeds somewhat triquetrous or com- pressed. Herbs or small sub-shrubs. Stems round, branched. Leaves simple or variously cut. Racemes terminal, erect, elon- gating as they grow ; pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers small, white. Sect. I. Carda'ria (from icapcia, kardia, the heart ; shape of silicles). D. C. syst. 2. p. 528. prod. 1. p. 203. Cardio- lepis, Wallr. Sched. 340. Silicle ovate-cordate, with somewhat turgid, wingless valves. Style long, filiform. 1 L. Dra'ba (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 645.) pods somewhat turgid, cordate, entire at the top, terminated by the style ; leaves stem- clasping, lanceolate, toothed. 0. H. Native in cultivated fields, especially in the south of Europe, from Spain to Tauria, and from Greece to Paris, &c. Coehlearia Draba, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 904. Jacq. austr. t. 315. Nastiirtium Draba, Crantz. austr. 91. Cardaria Draba, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 1C3. Draba rude- raUs, Baumg. transyl. 2. p. 233. Jundzillia Draba, Andrz. cruc. ined. Stem solitary, erect, pubescent, corymbosely- branched at the top. Leaves greyish from down, or smooth. Cotyledons obovate-oblong, thick. jr7«V/o)i' Pepperwort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1596. PI. 1 foot. Sect. H. Ellipsa'ria {irom ellipsis, an ellipsis; shape of silicles). D. C. sybt. 2. p. 530. prod. 1. p. 203. Silicle ellip- tical, with keeled wingless valves. Style long, filiform. 2 L. Chalepe'nse (Lin. amcen. 4. p. 321. spec. ed. 2. p. 898.) pods elliptical, twice tlie length of pedicels ; style filiform ; leaves lanceolate, toothed, with acute, stem-clasping auricles. Q- H. Native of the Levant in fields about Aleppo. VOL. I. PART III. Var. a, glahmlum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 530.) smooth; leaves acute- ly toothed, from the base to beyond the middle ; racemes rather loose. — Mor. oxon. 2. p. 314. sect. 3. t. 25. the second figure in the lower range. yar. fl, pubesccns (D. C. syst. 1. c.) pubescent ; fructiferous racemes more loose and with longer pedicels. Native of Syria near Damascus. Far. y, caniscens (D. C. syst. I.e.) plant much more villous and grey than the last variety, and the racemes are shorter. Native of Mount Lebanon near Abra. Aleppo Vci^^erwon. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1798. PI. 1 foot. 3 L. oxy'otum (D. C. syst. 2, p. 530.) pods elliptical, pube- rulous, rather longer than the pedicels ; style filiform ; leaves oblong, somewhat toothed, sid)-hastate, with acute auricles at the base. ©? H. Native of Syria. Stems pubescent. Leaves covered with scattered hairs. Petals length of calyx, with their claws filiform. Seeds ovate, brown. r], anchonc, strangula- tion; form of silicles.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 578. prod. 1. p. 212. Lin. syst. Telradynamia, Siliquosa. Larger stamens joined. Silique 2-jointed, 2-celled. (f. 47. e.) Style compressed, beak- formed. Seeds 4, pendulous, oblong, solitary in the cells. An herb with a hard woody stem. Radical leaves oblong, tapering to the base, velvety with soft starry down. Floral leaves situated under the pedicels, and therefore the racemes ai-e leafy. Flowers purple. The joints of the pods do not separate. Hah'nof .4 lyssum. 1 A. BiLLARDiERii (D. C. syst. 2. p. 578.) 1/.I;.H. Na- tive of Syria on mount Lebanon. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 82. Caudex woody. Flowers crowded. Sepals linear, villous on the outside. Stigma acute, somewhat 2-lobed. La Billardicrs Anchonium. Fl. May ? PI. ^ to ^ foot. Cult. This plant will answer well for ornamenting rock-work, or to be planted in pots and placed among other alpine plants ; those cultivated by the latter mode should be planted in a mix- ture of sand loam and peat, and the pots should be well drained with potsherds. Cuttings planted under a hand-glass in the same kind of soil will root freely, but if the plant ripen seeds, this will be unnecessary. LXXXIL STERl'GMA (from omme, Chou [rise d'Allemagne, (Fr.) Greens, Kale, Curies (Eng.) * pinnata (D. C. 1. c.) B. tenuifolia laciniata. Lob. icon. 246. f. 2. obs. 123. f. 2. — Chou aigrette, Chou plume (Fr.) * * purpurdscens or versicolor (D. C. 1. c.) leaves either pur- ple or variegated. J'ar. c, palmifblia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 584.) stem simple ; leaves sinuately-repand, a little blistered, pendant. Chou Palmier (,Fr.) Palm Borecole (Eng.) Var. t. Cow Cabbage. Stem branched, 12 feet high ; leaves curled. Far. i, coslata (D. C. syst. 2. p. 584.) stem humble, a little branched ; leaves sinuately-repand, with the primary nerves very thick. — Lam. diet. 1. p. 743. no. 2. var. t. Chou blond a grosses cotes, Bosc. diet. agr. 4. p. 43. — Chou a grosses coles, Chou ci larges cotes, Chou de Beauvais. (Fr.) * nepenthiformis (D. C. 1. c.) nerves and nervules drawn out into filiform threads, terminating in leafy funnel-shaped appen- dages. % 3. Savoij-Cabbages, and Brussels sprouts. 3 C. bulla'ta (D. C. syst. 2. p. 584.) stem round, a little elongated ; young leaves at first conniving into a head, but they are at length spreading, and all blistered or cmled ; racemes panicled. Far. a, vulgaris (D. C. syst. 2. p. 584.) heads of leaves loose, thick, terminal, roundish. — Lob. icon. t. 244. f. 1. — Dalech. lugd. p. 520. f. 2. — B. oleracea Sabaiida, Lin. spec. p. 932. — Lam. diet. 1. p. 743. no. 3. var. n and \. Chou pomme frise, Chou de Milan, Chou de Savoie, Chou de Hollande, Chou cahu frise, Chou Pancalier (Fr.) Savoy-Cabbage (Eng.) * prce'cox (D. C. syst. 2. p. 585.) — Milan hatif, I'xtil Milan (Fr.) Small early Savoy-Cabbage (Eng.) * * humilis (D. C. 1. c.) — Milan nain (Fr.) Dwarf Savoy- Cabbage (Eng.) * * * Turionensis (D. C. 1. c.) — Pancalier de Touraine (Fr.) Turaine Savoy-Cabbage (Eng.) * * * * aurlta (D. C. 1. c.) — Milan dore (Fr.) Eared Savoy- Cabbage (Eng.) Far. ft, oblonga (D. C. syst. 2. p. 585.) heads of leaves ter- minal, oblong. — Lob. icon. 244. f. 2. — Mor. oxon. sect. 3. t. 1. f. 4. Winter Savoy-Cabbage (Eng.) J'ar. y, major (D. C. syst. 2. p. 585.) heads of leaves ter- minal, very large. — Lam. diet. 1. p. 743. no. 3. var. X. Gros d'Ambervillicrs, Pomme frise d'Allemagne (Fr.) — Creator Com- mon Savoy-Cabbage (Eng.) Far. S, gemmifera (D. C. syst. 2. p. 585.) heads of leaves small, numerous, rising from the axils of the leaves along an elongated stem. — Delech. lugd. 521. f. 2 ? — Mor. oxon. sect. 3. t. l.^f. 3? Chou a jets, Chou a jets et rejets, Chou de Bruxcl- les, Chou ei mille teles, Chou vert a pelites pommes le long du pud (Fr.) — Brussels Sprouts (Eng.) §. 4. Cabbages red and white. 4 D. CAPiTATA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 585.) stem round, short ; leaves concave, not blistered, crowded into a head before flower- ing ; racemes panicled.— Weinm. phyt. t. 259.— Dod. pempt. 623. f. 2.— Lob. icon. 243. f 2.— Mor. oxon. 2. p. 206. sect. 3. t. 1. f. 1. — Lam. diet. 1. p. 743. no. 3.— — Choux^ calms ou pommes, Bosc. diet. agr. 4, p. 42. Chou pomme, Chou pomme a fcuilles lisses, Chou en tete (Fr.) — Cabbage (Eng.) Far. a, depressa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 585.) heads of leaves sphe- roid, depressed.— Lam. diet. 1. p. 743. no 3. var. K- Chou pomme a tete aplatie, Audib. mss. (Fr.) — Drumhead or Dutch Cabbage (Eng.) Far. ft, spha'rica (D. C. syst. 2. p. 585.) heads of leaves globose, not depressed. Chou cabus commun, Chou pomme commun (Fr.) — Common Cabbage (Eng.) * c'dba (D. C. 1. c.) outer leaves green, inner ones white. Chou pomme blanc, Chou cabus blanc ou vert (Fr.) — Common White Cabbage (Eng.) Gg 2 228 CRUCIFERvE. LXXXIII. Bhassica. • • rubra (D. C. 1. c.) leaves red or purple, always particu- larly so in the nerves. — Dod. pempt. G21. f. 2. — I. Bauli. hist. 2. p. S31. f. 1. — Lam. diet. 1. p. 713. no. 3, var. ^ and «. Cliitii a lele ronde rouge, Audib. mss. — C'hou rouge (Fr.) — Red Cahbage, Aberdeen Red Cabl)age (Enjj.) Var. y, ohovala (D. C. syst. 2. p. 586.) heads of leaves olio- vate. Chou a tete obovale, Audib, mss. — Pentonville Cab- bage ? (Eng.) I'ar. c, cllijilica (D. C. syst. 2. p. 586.) heads of leaves cllip- lical. Cliou a tete ovale, Chou d'Yurck (Fr.) — Early York Cabbage, Small Early Dwarf Cabbage (Eng.) Jar. £, conica (D. C. syst. 2. p. 586.) heads of leaves ovate- conical. — Lam. diet. 1. p. 743. no. 3, var. r and t. Cliou pain de Sucre, Cliou Ch'icon, Chou d'AmberriUicrs, Chou de liatler- xea (Fr.) — Sugar-loaf Cabbage, Antwerp Cabbage, and Battersea Cabbage (Eng.) \. 5. Chou rave, or Turnip-stemmed Cabbage. 5 E, cau'lo-rapa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 586.) stem tumid and somewhat globose at the origin of the leaves. {'ar. a, communis (D. C. syst. 2. p. 586.) leaves plain. — Dod. pempt. 625. f. 1. — Lob. adv. app. 163. f. 2. — B.iuh. hist. 2. p. 830. f. 1. Chou-rnic (Fr.) Cape Cabbage (Eng.) • iilba (D. C. 1. c.) Cliou-ravc blanc, Chou-racc comutun, Chou de Siam, Kohl riibi (Fr.) Knol, Kohl (Cape.) • • purpurdscens (D. C. 1. c.) Chou-rave violet (Fr.) Var. ft, cri\pa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 586.) leaves curled and fringed. Chou-rave crejm (Fr.) — /'aio«a~~«(Ital.) §. 6. Caulijloner and Brocoli. 6 F. bo'trytis (D. C. syst. 2. p. 586.) peduncles of racemes corymbose, crowded very much before flowering, and very flesliy ; flowers usually abortive Lob. obs. 125. f. 2. — Lam. diet. 1. p. 745. no. 4. Var. a, caulijlorn (D. C. syst. 2. p. 586.) stem humble ; leaves oblong, of a greyish-glavicous colour ; heads of flower-luids thick, terminal. — Dod. pempt. 625. f. 2.^L Bauh. hist. 2. p. 8,'8 and 829. f 1. — Lam. diet. 1. p. 745. no. 4. v.ir. a, ft, y. Cnvolo- fiore Galliz. hot. agr. p. 191. no. 2, — C/wz/cwr (Fr.)— Cauli- flower (Eng.) Var. ft, asparagoldes (D. C. syst. 2. p. 587.) stem taller than in the Cauliflower ; leaves greyish-glaucous, elongated ; branclikts fleshy, bearing small flower-buds at the top ; flowers abortive. — Dalecli. lugd. 522. f. 2. — Mor. oxon. 2. p. 208. no. 11. sect. 3. t. 1. f 11. — Lam. diet. 1. p. 745. no. 4. var. f, £, and f. Cavolo Romano seu Broccoli, Galliz. bot. a"r. p. 191. no. 2.— Broccoli (Fr.) Brocoli (Eng.) " • communis (D. C. 1. c.) heads of flower-buds white. Broccoli commun, Broccoli blanc (Fr.) — White Brocoli (Eng.) • * violacea (D. C. 1. c.) heads of flower-buds ])nrplt>! Broccoli violet, Broccoli de Malle (Fr.) — Purple, Red, or Mal- tese Brocoli (Eng.) Cult. Tlie varieties of Brnssica oleracca have been cultivated from tlic earliest period ; they have therefore become numerous, and so distinct from each other, as to occasion a doul)t in every beholder's mind whether it were possible that these numerous and distinct varieties could have originally sprung from the Sea Coletvort or Wild Cabbage of the Dover Clitt's. Cal)l)ages of some sort, Wliite, in his J/istori/ of Sclbournc, says, must have been known to the Saxons, for they named the mouth of I'ebru- ary Sjironl-kule. Being a favourite with tlie Romans it is pro- bable Italian cabbage would be introduced at an early period mto Soiuh Britain. To the inliabitants of the north of Scot- land Cabbages were first made known by the soldiers of Crom- well, wlien (piartered at Inverness (Edin. cncvcl. an. hort.) Having thus botanically traced the variations of Br&ssica ole- racca from tlie Sea-CoUnort through Borecoles, Savoys, and Cabbages to the Caulijlower and Brocoli, we shall now proceed to give the cultivation and uses of these in the order we have followed above. The space occupied by this tribe in most kitchen gardens may be estimated at one-eighth or one-fourth part of the ojien quar- ters, taking the whole year round, and in cottage-gardens the heading Cal)bages and Borecoles generally occupy one-half of the whole space. § 1. Sea Colen'ort, or Cahbage, or Wild Cabbage. Br&ssica oleracea. A. sylvestris, D. C. I. c. We have already said that the original Cabbage plant grows naturally on the Dover Clifts and several other parts of the English coast. It is a biennial plant, the stem-leaves are mucli waved and variously indented, the colour is glaucous or sea- green, with occasionally a tinge of purple, arising from the bleak situation in which it usually grows. Early in the spring the Wild Cabbage or Colcivorl from the sea coast is said to be excel- lent, but it must be boiled in two waters to remove the saltness. The roots may also be eaten but they are not very tender. §. 2. The Borecole, Winter Greens (Eng.); Chou vert or Chou vert non pomme, Caulet (Fr.); A'n/e (Sax.) ; Green Kale (Scotch.) ; Brassica oleracea, B. accphala, D. C. 'J'his tribe is easily known by the leaves never conniving into a head, but the heart always open and spreading. 1 The TiiorsAND-HEADED Cabbage, Chou a niille teles, Chou Cavalier hranchu, Chou Aloellier (Fr.) {Brassica oleracea, B. acephala a ramosa, D. C. I. c.) grows to the height of 4-feet and upwards, sending out from its main stem branches in the manner of a tree, from the ends and sides of which proceed shoots which appear as actually in growth the whole winter. The leaves are of a pale green, numerous, entire, or pinnatifld, narrower than those of any other green. It is chiefly extolled as an agricultural plant, but may be occasionally planted in gardens, because it will survive the severest frost, and be useful when every other plant of the Cabbage tribe has been destroyed. In flavour it is inferior to winter greens. 2 Chou Cavalier, Chou en arbre, Chou a chcvre. Grand chou vert commun (Fr.) {Brassica oleracea, B. acephala, ft. vulgaris, * viridis, D. C. 1. c.) This slioots up higher than the preceding variety ; its stems remaining nearly single, but they are scarcely distinguishable from each other. Tliis variety is very generally cultivated in the western part of Europe as food for cattle, and sometimes as a garden vegetable. It grows some- times 5 feet high ; this may be attributed to the stripping ofl'the lower leaves to give them to cattle, as well as from being usually planted in rich soil. 3 Oak-lf.aved Borecole, CAo« IT ycM)7/e*rfcc/if ne (Fr.) This comes near to the next variety. The lobes of the leaves are deep, broad, and entire, or nearly so, and uniformly of a pale-green. This variety is not generally cidtivated. Perhaps the Chou de Milan, p. 231. is a variety of this plant. 4 Green Borecole, Scotch Kale, Siberian Borecole (Eng.) Chou vert /rise, Chou /range du Nord, Chou J'risc non pomme (Fr.) {Brassica oleracca, B. aciphala, var. y, Sabellica, D. C. I. c.) There are several sub-varieties under this head. The leaves are of a bright light green dee])ly lobed, and not very wide, curled on the edges, slightly wrinkled on the u])pcr surface, with veins of a greenish-white colour. The margins of the leaves are plaited so closely as to widen so as to measure three times as much as if the plaits were not ex- tended. The younger leaves in consequence look conqiUtcly CRUCIFER.E. LXXXIII. Brassica. 229 frintrcil. The part used is tlie crown or centre of the plant, cut ofl'uitli as much of the top of the stem as will keep tiie leaves together, which do not exceed 9 inches in leni;th. It l)oils well and is most tender, sweet, and delicate, provided it has been duly ex])osed to the frost. Morgan says it is impossible to find a plant of more excellence for the table or more easily cidtivatcd. T/ic fallowing are sub-varieties of the same. * German Kale (Eng.) Choti d'Allemagne (Fr.) (Drdssica oleracea, B. acephala, var. y, SahelUea, Germdnica.) This va- riety of the Green Borecole is known in Scotland under the names of German Greens, German Kale, Curled Kale, and Cur- lies. Morgan says this Green is of singular merit. Its leaves are more jiointed and grow much longer than those of the others ; their margins are not so much plaited, but being still considerably so, give them a curled or fringed apjiearance, but not so richly and beautifully so as the true Scotch Kale. The chief diflerence consists in its furnishing abundance of side shoots or sprouts for the table after the crown has been gathered. It grows tall, and this disposition ought to be encouraged by early planting, for the supply of shoots is nearly in proportion to the length of the stem. It is rather more hardy than the Scotch Kale, in taste it is the same, but when not mellowed by frost has something of a bitter flavour (Loud, encycl. gard.) * * Chou aigrette, Chou phone (Fr.) {Brdssica oleracea, B. acephala, var. y, Sabellica, * pinnata, D. C. I. c.) The leaves of this variety are thin, and very deeply jagged and curled, the indentations being so deep as to appear almost pinnated. It is not much cultivated, and it does not appear to possess any supe- rior quality. * * * The Ragged Jack. {Brdssica oleracea, B. acephala, tar. y, Sabellica, laciniata.) This variety grows short on the ground, and in the spring shoots up strongly from the crown and sides. The leaves are very glaucous, much cut and divided ; the edges are marked with small blunt crenatures, and there arise from several points on the upper surface of each leaf, and particularly on the large ones, small leafy appendages similar in texture to the main leaf This plant is almost entirely confined to cottage and farm gardens. * * * * The .Jerusalem Kale. {Brdssica oleracea, B. acepha- la, var. y, Sabellica, Jiiddica Delanare Cabbage.) This va- riety agrees with the preceding in habit and growth. The leaves are long, with several deep indentations on each side ; their edges are serrated but not deeply so, the upper surface having a purplish hue, the under surface being a pale green, and the veins are purple, inclining to a pink colour. The whole plant when growing appears of a dingy purple, and is extremely hardy ; when tlie taller winter greens have ceased to be good by running to flower the shoots of this are ready to take their place at the table. This with the preceding and following are perhaps refer- able to B. campestris, Ndpo-Brdssica. ***** The Biida Kale, Russian Kale, Prussian Kale, and by some called Manchester Kale. (Brdssica oleracea, B. acephala, var. y, Sabellica. — Ruthenica.) Like the preceding. This is dwarf in its habit, but more close and compact; with leaves like the German Kale, and curled on the edges in the same way. Before the plant begins to shoot in the spring it ap- pears purple, the back and edges of the leaves being tinged with that colour, which of course are more in view in their growing state than when expanded. It is equal in value to any variety of Borecole, sweet and well- flavoured, perfectly hardy, and re- mains till late in the spring before it comes to flower. As this variety is expected to furnish a supply much longer than any of the others, and until late in the spring, a greater breadth of ground should be allowed for it, and a second plantation njade in August for the later gathering. A writer in Hort. Trans. Load. has, by blanching Biida-Kale, very much improved it ; and the l)rocess is performed nearly in the same manner as that for Sea Kale. It is blanched by inverting a large flower-pot over it, any other Kale may be rendered more delicate by this process, and it might be had at a time when Sea-Kale cannot be procured, and would be an excellent sidjstitute for it. ****** The Variegated Borecole (Brdssica Oleracea, B. acephala, var. y, Sabellica * * versicolor, D. C. I. c.) Of several of the sub-varieties of Borecole, there are varieties which are blotched or striped with white or red ; these are chiefly cultivated for ornament or curiosity. ******* 2'he Purple Borecole or Brorvn Kale of the Germans (Brassieu Oleracea, B. acephala, var. y, Sabellica * * purpurdscens, D. C. I. c). This variety differs from the others in the leaves and entire plant being of a deep purple colour, becoming somewhat greenish as the leaves enlarge, but the veins and ribs still remaining purple. It is a more hardy plant than the green Borecole, but of less delicate flavour. When boiled the purple colour in a great degree disappears. (Loud. ency. gard.) Chou rouge frise (Fr.). 5 The Palm Kale Chou Palmier (Fr.) (Brdssica Oleracea, B. acephala, var. e, palm folia, D. C. I. c.) This variety is de- scribed by Delaunay in " Le bon Jardinier," as rising to the height of 6 or 12 feet, with a straight bare stem, the leaves displaying themselves only at the top, and thus producing the appearance of a little palm-tree ; the leaves are much puckered, and so mucli rolled inwards at the edges, that they appear narrow, while at the same time they hang in a curved manner, thus aiding the illu- sion. It is almost peculiar to Italy, and not very hardy. The Palm Borecole is said to be cultivated to considerable extent in Jersey and Guernsey in orchards, the outer leaves for feeding cattle, and the heart is used for culinary purposes, and is said to be very good. G The Cow Cabbage (Loud. gard. mag. vol. 5. f. 14.) or Ce- sarean Kale (Brdssica Oleracea, B. acephala, var. f, ar- b(irescens). This plant is almost similar in habit to the preceding, but the stem rises to the height of from 1 0 to 1 6 feet, the leaves are not so puckered nor rolled inwards at the edges, nor do they hang down so much. The stem is naked and simple, crowned by a head of leaves like a palm-tree. Sixty plants of this variety are said to afford sufficient provender for one cow for a year, and as the side leaves are only to be used, it lasts four years without fresh planting. In La Vendee this plant is said to attain the height of 12 or 10 feet. In Jersey the plant is suffi- ciently hardy, and where it grows from 4 to 12 feet. The little farmers there feed their cows with the leaves, plucking them from the stem as they grow, leaving the crown at the top. The stems being strong are also used by them for roofing small outhouses. When the gathering of the leaves is finished, at the end of the year, the terminating bud or crown is boiled and is said to be particularly sweet. It is not sufficiently hardy to stand the climate of Britain, unless planted in a very sheltered situation. 7 TuE Ribbed Cabbage or Kale ; Chou blond a grosses cotes, Chou H grosses cotes, Chou d larges cotes (Pr.). Cove tronchuda (Port.). (Brdssica Oleracea, B. acephala, var. t, Costdla, D. C. I. c.) The stem of this variety is humble and a little branched. The leaves are sinuately repand with the nerves very thick. It is much cultivated in France and Portugal. 8 The Nepentiies-like Borecole or Kale (Brdssica Oler- acea, B. acephala, var. nepcnthiformis, D. C. I. c). The nerves of the leaves of this variety are drawn out like threads, and these threads are terminated by funnel-shaped appendages. This variety is only cultivated for curiosity, and it is seldom to be seen in the collections of this country. Hort. trans. 5. t. 1. Pr< pagation of Borecole. All the sorts are raised from seeds, and for a seed bed of 50 feet square half an ounce is suflScient. •230 CHLCIFERiE. LXXXllI. Buassica. •Sow tilt' last fortnii;lit in March, and April, ami in tlie bcijinninii of May and in Aufjiist. Tlie first week in April for a principal crop of Gcrnian kale, and the first week in Aiifjust for the cro)> of IJiida kale, and which will be ready to transplant in September. Subsequent ciillure. When the plants have leaves one or two inches broad, take out some from the seed-bod, and prick them into other open beds six inches apart, fiivin^ water, in which let them have four or live weeks' <;rowlh. Those left in the seed- bed, as well as these will have all acquired proper strength for transplanting finally in May, or thence till August. IMant them in an open sjiot in rows two feet and a half asunder for the first forward ])laiitiiig in summer, the other two feel, allotting the whole similar distances in the rows, taking advantage of moist weather, but give occasional watering if the weather is dry until tiiey have struck root. In their advancing growth hoe once or twice to cut down the weeds, and to draw earth about the bottom of their stems to encourage their growth, in tlie production of large full heads in proper season in September, October, i^vc. At the approach of winter the stems should be earthed \ip, espe- cially the taller sorts. When the distances between the plants are such as have been rcconnncnded, the hills roimd each plant will be of such a size and breadth as to cherish the roots of the dwarf varieties, and serve as a protection to the tall sorts in stormy weather. Gat/wring. The heart is to be gathered of all tall sorts, after which, with the exception of the (iertnan hiile, and the Chou tie Milrtti, the stalks should be pulled up and taken to the compost heap; but the stems of the two sorts excepted are to be left for tiie sake of their side shoots or spro\its. Of the dwarf sorts the heart may either be cut off, for whicli the JSacIa hale and Colc- norts are well suited, or the leaves gathered when the plant begins to grow, which corresponds with the habits of the Egyp- tian and Jerusalem kale. To save. Plant a few plants about twice the distance from each other, as they stood formerly, in an open space in the spring. The seeds will be ready to gather in autumn, when they may be threshed out, and the seed, after being dried, may be put up into bags. This cannot be done with more than one sort in the same garden, on account of promiscuous impregnation by bees, the wind, &c. &c. § a. Savoys. Cknu pomme /rise, Chou de Savoie, Chou cahu [rise. Chou Pancalier, Chou de Holland, Chou de Milan, ^-c. (liidssiea oleracea, C. bullida, 1). C. I. c.) These plants are easily known by the leaves being blistered, and growing into heads or cabbages. The savoy is in use as a table vegetable from November till spring, unless destroyed by frost, in which c.ise it is succeeded by the borecoles or winter greens. These two tribes usually supply the table from November till May. The following are the varieties of Savoy : — 1 The Green Savoy ; Milan vert. (Fr.) B. ulcr. bull, viridis.) 2 The Dwarf Savoy ; Milan nain. (Fr. B. okr. bull. hCimilis, D. C.l.c.) 3 The Yellow Savoy ; Milan jautic.{Vr.) {B.olcr. bull, lulea.) 4 The Small Karly Savoy ; Milan hatif, petit Milan. (Fr.) (B. oler. bull. t. pru'co.T, D. C. I. c.) 5 The Eared Savoy ; Milan dore. (Fr.) (B. oler. bull, atirita. D. C. I. c.) 6 The Dnmihead or Great Savoy ; Chou gros d'Amberril- liers, Pomme /rise d'Allemagne. (Fr.) (ZJ. oler. bull. ear. y, major, D. C. I. c.) 7 The Oblong Savoy. (B. oler. bull. var. ii,obl6nga, D. C. I. c.) 8 Tourraine Savoy; Pancalier de Touraine, (Fr.) {D. oler. bull. vulg. Turionensis). 'i'here are several sub-varieties of the above with roimd, ob- long, conical, or sugar-loaf heads, all of them are excellent autumnal greens. The Green Savoy shoidd be first used, as it is less hardy than the Yellow, and the Dwarf is said to be the hardiest of tlu-m all. Any of them will, however, stand ordinary frosts, by which the delicacy of their flavour is much improved. The Savoy is always raised from seed, and for u seed-bed l feet and a half by 8 feet, half an ounce of seed w ill be sutticient. This esculent answers on a light rich soil, poor or exhausted ground should be manured according to the defects of it. Allot an open compartment in the full air, that the seedlings and ad- vancing plants may grow stocky, and not draw up weak and long- stemmed, as they are liable to do in close situations or narrow- borders under walls. As to the time of sowing the seeds a sutticient succession is obtained by three or at most four sowings. Tile first about the middle or latter end of February, these will be ready in August or Se])teniber, and they will be finely cab- baged by October, and continue in good perfection all November, December, and perhaps January. Jhe second about the middle or latter end of March ; these will be ready to serve from about Michaelmas to Christmas. The third both at the beginning and end of March, full crops should now be sown for the first con- siderable autumn and winter crop. The fourth in May. For the culture of the Savov the ground should be jireviously trenched to a good dejith. F'our feet is a convenient width for the seed-beds. Sow broad-cast, and rake it in a quarter of an inch deep. As soon as the plants have two or three leaves, an inch or two in width, if they stand too crowded, thin the seed- beds by drawing out a quantity regularly, and prick them into other beds 1 inches asunder ; and should the weather be dry, water those left as well as those removed. Permit both divi- sions to remain three, four or five weeks to gain a good stocking size for final transplanting. When the plants are advanced with several leaves '2 or 3 inches broad or more, transplant them finally into the most ojien quarters of ground, where they will be less annoyed by caterpillars, that they may cabbage with large full heads, planting them at difterent times as groinid becomes vacant. Uemove the most forward in May or June for early aiilumn beading in August or September. But plant the principal crops in .lune or July, and from the beginning to the middle of August, taking all possilile advantage of showery weather ; in drawing the plants observe if any are clubbed or knotty at the root, cut off the protuberances close. Plant those removed in May, June, or July in rows about two feet asunder, and by the same distance in the rows, others late planted in August or September two feet by eighteen inches. In scarcity of vacant ground, some Savoys may be occasionally idaiued between wide rows of ))revious standing crops, such as Beans, Cauliflowers, and early Cahb.ige, that are sulliciently forward to be gathered oil" by the time the Savoys will want the entire ground. Before and after jilanting in dry weather watering would be of essential service. As the plants of the difterent successions advance, keep them free from weeds by occasional draw-hoeing. At the same time loosen the surface of the earth, and draw some about the stems of the jilants, let this be done twice or oftcner, to forward them in a free enlarging growth. They will gradually heart, fully cabbaging in September, Octo- ber, November, and December, &c. as they are the crops of the forward or the later sowings ; they may be cut for use accord- ingly, and during the winter. The Savoys left standing will continue good till the middle or end of February, when, or in the course of March they o])en and send up seed-stalks. • Brussels sprouts. Chou a jets, Chou ii jets et rejets, Chou dc Bruxelles, Chou a mille tetes, Chou vert a petiles pommes Ic long du pied. (Fr.) (^Brdssica oleracea, C. bullata S, gemmi- fcra, D. C. I. c.) The Brussels sprouts is only considered a sub-variety of the CRUCIFER/E. LXXXIir. Brassica. 231 Savoy. It protliices an elonjjatcd stem, often fotu- feet liigh, lieset witli numerous green heads like Savoys in miniature, the whole ranged spirally along the stem, the main leaves of which drop o(i' early. The top of the plant resembles that of a Savoy planted late in the season ; it is small, with a green heart of little value. Van Mons says, Hort. trans, vol. .'i. " If this vegetable be compared with any other that occupies as little space, lasts as long, and grows as well in situations generally considered unfavour- able, such as between rows of potatoes, scarlet-runners or among young trees, it must be considered superior in utility to most others." Nicol considers it deserving more general culture in Scotland ; and Morgan, Hort. trans, vol. i2. says it is an excellent sort of green for the winter, but not sufficiently hardy to last through the winter in England. The sprouts are used as winter greens, and at Brussels they are sometimes served at table with a sauce, composed of vinegar, butter, and nutmeg, poured upon them hot after they have been boiled. The top. Van Mons says, is very delicate when dressed, and quite different in flavour from the sprouts. The plants are raised from seed, of which an oimce may be requisite for a seed-bed 4 feet by 10. The first sowing of a full crop should be in April. The second in May. Van Mons, in a paper already referred to, says, " The seed is sown in spring under a frame, so as to bring the plants forward ; they are then transplanted into an open border with a good aspect. By thus beginning early, and sowing successively till late in the season," he says, " we contrive to supply ourselves in Belgium with this delicious vegetable full ten months in the year, that is, from the end of July till the end of May. The plants need not be placed at more than 1 8 inches asunder, as the head never spreads wide, and the side leaves soon drop off. In this and every other respect, the cultivation is the same as the Borecole." As to gathering the crop, Morgan says, the sprouts must have some frost before they are (gathered, but this. Van Mons says, is an erroneous opinion. In Belgium the small cabbages are not esteemed if of more than half an inch in diameter. It is usual to cut the tops off ten or fifteen days before gathering the sprouts from the stem. In spring, when the sprouts are disposed to run to flower, their grovvtii is checked, by taking up the plants and laying them in the ground in a shaded spot. As to the saving of seeds, Van Mons says it is usual to save indiscriminately from topped or untopped plants, but that he intends to save them from the topped plants only, hoping thereby to improve the progeny. In order to procure genuine seed of the Brussels sprouts, it is necessary to have them sent direct from Brussels. * * Chou de Milan is considered as a variety of the Brussels sprouts, and it grows with an elongated stem something like it as well as in general habit, except that the side shoots, instead of forming little close cabbages, are open like Borecoles. The prin- cipal leaves of this plant are not very large ; they are wrinkled like the Savoy, and form a small crown on the top of the plant, which remains open and does not cabbage, the top may be cut off and used in February. Even if not wanted for use, the head should be taken ott" at that period to forward the growth of the sprouts, which come into full use early in March, when those of the German kale are too far advanced. When dressed thev are particularly rich and delicate. Abercrombie says this plant, to admit of its full growth, requires a yard square, but that it con- tinues the longest in spring of any of the tall greens witiiout running to seed. The cultivation, in every other respect, is the same as the Borecoles or Brussels sprouts. To save xccd. The grand object is to place the plants where they will be in no danger of being impregnated with the farina of any other of the Brassica tribe. A few good plants should be selected and planted in an open spot by themselves in the spring, where the seeds will ripen in August. No more than one sort can be safely grown in the same garden, &c. 1 § 4 Cabhaire. Cluni pomme, or Cabiis, Chou en tete, C/iim pommc a fcuillcs lisses, Brassica Olerucca, D. capitata, D. C. 1. c. KopJ'Icohl, (Ger.) Cavolo, Capuccia. {/(al.) * White Cabbage. The varieties of the White Cabbage are too well known, and their uses too universal, to require any description here, 'i'hey produce firm compact heads, glaucous green, or greenish-yellow leaves externally, but blanched within ; and varying in different sorts from 3 to 12 or 15 inches in diameter, and from 2 to lii or twenty pounds weight. The varieties are numerous, but the sorts chiefly cidtivated are as follow : — * Heads oblong, or elliptical. 1. Small earlv dwarf Early dwarf, York Large early York Large oblong hollow Long-sided hollow i Brassica oleraeea, D. Capi- \ lata, S. elliptica D. C. 1. c. / Chou atete ovale, Chou d'York, )^-c.{¥y.) Heads conical. 1 . Early dwarf sugar-loaf 2. Large sugar-loaf 3. East Ham 4. West Ham 5. Early Battersea 6. Late Battersea 7. Early Imperial 8. Wellington !). Antwerp 10. Russian 1 1 . Early London hollow 12. Large hollow sugar-loaf 13. Emperor 1 4. Early heart-shaped 15. Paington 1 6. Flaw's early Deptford N Brassica oleraeea, D. Capi- tata, E. conica, D. C. 1. c. Chou pain de sitcre, Chou ehicon, Chou d'Ambervilliers, Chou de Battersea, ^-c, (Fr.) y This last variety is excellent, both for early and late crops. * * * Heads large round. 1. Large round winter white 'v o - • 7 ,v . n r- ■ ^ „ » 1 r> , i Brassica oleraeea, V. Lapt- 2. (jrreat round scotch, orr^,, n 1 ' ■ 'u ,,,, . „ , 1 r- ,■ 1 I tata, B. sphce rtca alba. White Strasbourah, ironi w ueli \ ,-,, 1 ni , „ " ' • , „ i Chou cabus commun, Cliou the Oermansoiu- krout is chiefly V 4 „ , , .„ ^ „ /i7„ \ , 1 pomme commun, dj-c. {t r.) • * * * Heads with fat tops. Brassica oleraeea, D. Capi- tata, a depressa. Chou pomme a tete aplatie. , .ludib. ***** Heads obovate. 1 . Obovate headed Cabbage, or" made 1. Great drum-head flat- topped 2. Bainbrige's flat Dutch Brassica oleraeea, D. Capi- ' lata, y obovala D. C. 1. c. Chou a tete oborale Audib. It appears from the descrip- tion that the Penlonville Cab- bage is a variety of Savoy. Pentonville. This is a large obo- vate-headed kind ; leaves white and fleshy, wrinkled like the savoy. Very delicate and fine, in perfection during the latter summer months, when other cab- bages are of strong flavour. The first seven or eight sorts are suitable for the earliest and secondary crops ; and the middle-sized and large kinds for the principal summer, autumn, and winter supplies. 1. For tlie earliest crops allot some of the small kinds, such as the Early dwarf York, East and West Ham, Early Imperial, Early Bat- tersea, Wellington, Early London hollow. Early dwarf sugar-loaf. Flaw's early Deptford, &c., for cabbaging in April, May, and June. 2. Raise more considerable quantities of the middle-sized 232 CRUCIFERvE. LXXXIII. Hrassica. sorts ; particularly Large early York, Large hollow siuar-loaf, Early IJatttrsea, Plaw s early Dcptforil, Pinion, Early Iniperial, Antwerp, Russian, Eniptror, Wellington, Largo oblong hollow, &c , for general summer crops. 3. Choose the larger later sorts, for succession, summer, ami general autumn cabbages. The Large hollow sugar-loaf. Large ol)long hollow, Long-sideil liol- low. Large round winter (white), Late Battersea, Large sugar- loaf, &.C., are excellent for late calibaging in August, September, or October, till Christmas ; or any of the middle-sized varieties may be eligibly sown for latter succession-crojjs in summer and autumn, to cut in light young growth ; also to cultivate for cab- l)age-eolewort, either with small hearts, or as open greens for family and market supply, in autvmin, winter, spring, and re- turning sunniier. 4. Large roimd winter cabbage. Great round Scotcli, Great drum-head, Baimbridge's flat Dutch, and Ame- rican kinds, all reaching a very expanded bulk in autumn and winter, are not usually so well fitted for family consumption as the foregoing, being more commonly adopted for field culture, to feed cattle in winter. Propagation. All the kinds are raised from seed annually, of which, according to Abercrombie's seed -estimate, for a seed-bed to raise the Early York and similar varieties, 4 feet wide, by 20 in length, 2 ounces will be required. For a seed-bed to raise the Large sugar-loaf, and other luxuriant growers, I- feet by 3G in length, 2 ounces. But according to Mac-Kintosh, one ounce of seed of the early sorts will sow a seed-bed of 40 feet square ; and for the more luxuriant sorts, 1 ounce will sow a seed-bed of CO feet square. Sow at four diflerciU seasons, covering the seed from an eighth to a quarter of an inch thick ; that is, 1. In February, for use in July, Atigust, or September ; but if the winter has destroyed many of the plants which were sown the l)receding August, it will be proper to sow some of the seed of the earlier sorts as the weatlier will permit ; and if a few be forwarded by sowing them in a slight hot-bed, it will bo a great advantage. 2. In April. Prefer for this sowing the Battersea, Antwerp, and Penton\ illo. 3. May. Sow the Su^ar-loaf and any close quick hearting kinds for sumnitr and autumn, colewort, and yotmg autumn cabl)ages. 4. In August, in the first and second week, this time being most conducive to ultimate success. Some sow in the end of July, to have the plants stronger before the approach of winter ; but of a crop so forward, many of them, and often all, run to seed. I'or this sowing prefer the Dw.irf York, East Ham, Early Emperor, and Sugar-loaf, for the first crops ; Large York, Largo Sugar-loaf, Battersea, Ponton, Imperial, Antwerp, Russian, &c. for the secondary spring crops. Hull and situation. The soil for seedlings slio\dd be light, and, excepting for early sowing, not rich. Where market Gar- deners raise great qtiantities of seedling cabbages, to stand the winter, and to be sold for transplanting in sjiring, they choose, in general, the jworost and stilfest piece of laud they have got, more especially in Scotland, where large autunmal sowings of Winter drum-head and round Scotch are annually made, and whore the stiffiiess of the soil gives a peculiar firmness of tex- ture and hardness of constitution to the plants, and prevents their being thrown out of the soil during the thaws. Trans- l)lanted cabbages require a rich soil, rather clayj'y than sandy, and, as Mr. Neill and Mr. Nichol observe, it can scarcely be too much manured, as they are an exhausting crop. Autumnal plantations, intended to stand the winter, should have a dry soil. Well dug and manured, and of a favorable aspect. The cabbage tribe, whether in the seed-bed or fnial jdantation, ever recpiire an open situation ; for luider the drij) of trees, or in the shade, seedlings are drawn up weak, and grown crops are meagre, worm-eaten, aiul ill-flavom-ed. Autumnal sown crop, or those sown in August, .'•ow each sort separately ; give occasional watering if the weatlier is diy or hot, or sometimes shade with mats in hot simny days, till the plants come up fidly ; after which continue necessary moderate watering, if a dry season, to forward and ^trenglhen the crop. W ben the plants have two or three leaves, an inch or two broad, in Scpton.ber, or the beginning of October, lift some consider- able portion from the seed-beds, and prick into beds of good earth, about 4 inches apart, giving water. All these are to remain in the intermediate beds during winter, to gain strength for transplanting in the spring. Those left in the seed-bods will thus have more room to advance ecpially for transplanting, the most forward of the early sorts in the same year, towards the end of October, or in November or December ; and the princi- pal in the spring, the last fortnight of February, or in March or April. February, March, (v April sotrn crop. It is requisite to sow- in the spring, to raise plants to succeed the August-sown crop, for use the same year, partly as yoiuig summer cabbages, and partly for heading in the autumn and winter. For this purpose sow at the close of February or in March, or the beginning of April. A few for early sunnnor use may be sown on a slight hot-bed, or on a warm border under glass. Sow the different kinds separately, and treat them in the same manner as recom- mended for the last sowing. When the plants are of sutKcient size for final transplanting, in May, Jiuie, or July, taking advan- tage of moist weather if it occurs, plant ihoui out in rows, from one to two feet asunder for the dwarf and middle-sized kinds, and for the large kinds from two feet and a half to a yard dis- tant. Give water at planting, if the weather be dry. In their subsequent growth draw-hoe them occasionally, to kill weeds, and to draw earth roimd the stems. Mai/ to July-soivn crops. For late yoimg smnmcr and autumn cabbages, and winter plants, sow small portions at any time from May to July, principally of the quick-hearting kinds. Plant them out finally in summer and autumn, to produce young heads and small cal)bage-hearted coleworts in August, Septem- ber, October, and thence till midwinter. The large, late, family cabbages, which make returns for autumn, winter, .'uul early spring ; also the largest kinds usu.ally adopted for field-culture, are to be excluded from this sowing, as they are properly raised as part of the principal crops sown in August, and early in spring. Abcrcrovihic. Kinds proper for Colenorls. The original variety of cabbage called colewort, is, or seems to be, lost ; and is now succeeded by what are called cabbage-coleworts. These, Abercrombie says, are valuable family plants, usefid in three stages ; as young open greens, as greens with closing hearts, and as greens form- ing a cabbage growth. Proctno seeds of some middle-sized early kind, quick-hearting, and of close growth, such as the early and large York, East Ham, Sugar-loaf, and Wellington. Occasionally for larger coleworts, you may adopt some Batter- sea, Inq)orial, Antwerp, and Early London hollow ; but avoid the larger late kinds, which, in a colewort state, are too s|)read- ing and open ; the others are close, stocky, and full of heart, and boil most tender and sweet for the table. Times of soivin«cr may now fairly be claimed as peculiarly an Enfflisli j>rr an early crop. Very little diiference in quality has been discovered between these three varieties. Their distinctions are too trifling to merit the attention of practical horticulturists. Like the rest of the tribe they are apt to sport into degenerate varieties. " An action for damages was brought in Westminster Hall, against a poor but unfortimate gardener for selling cauliflower seed, which only produced long-leaved cabbages." This circumstance has been particularly lujticed by Linna-us. Propairation and Suit. The Cauliflower is raised from seed, of which half an ounce is sufKcient for a seed-bed four feet and a lialf wide by ten in length, or a bed of 40 square feet. The soil for the seed-bed may be light, but for final transplanting it can hardly be too rich, the Caidiflower, like the vine, being re- puted " a rougli feeder." Cleanings of streets, stables, cess-pools, itc. ought therefore to be liberally supplied during the growth of the plants, when very large heads are desired. Times of soiling. The early and main superior crop, brought to fruit by the longest nursery attendance ; the late summer succession crop, raised by the shortest course, and the ^lichael- mas crop, obtained at the least expense, arc sown respectively at three diflferent periods. Tlie principal sowing is made about the end of the third week in August, or about the middle of the month, to stand over the winter under frames, hand-glasses, or half sheltered in warm borders, for the early and main superior crops next simnner. A secondary sowing in February or March, for succession and late inferior crops, but in order to bring the plants up early and to forward them twelve days or a fortnight in their growth, it will be well to sow them in a mo- derate hot-bed. Make the bed about twenty inches or two feet thick of dung, on which put a frame, then lay four or five inches in depth of rich earth over the bed. Sow the seed on the surface, cover it a quarter of an inch thick of like rich earth, and then set the glass on. .\s soon as the plants appear, let them have air every day by tilting the glass a consider- able height, and in mild weather the lights may be taken quite off' in the day-time, for if kept too close it would cause them to grow up weak. But where there is not the convenience of a frame, cover the bed at nights and in bad weather with Dutch mats over hoops or long sticks, sprinkle them with water occasionally if the weather be dry. Those sown in March re- quire the same treatment as the February sowings. Caidiflower for a Kuccessional crop may be sown any time in the month of May on a sheltered border, about the end of this month a second sowing may be made for the last crop of the season, on a free open spot of light earth ; these last will come into use the fol- lowing aulinun or winter. Mr. ^\ . Bali finds that if cauliflower-seed is not sown till the hist week ni .\ugust, and that if the seedlings are not transplanted till tlic middle or near the end of November, before the hard weatlier sets in, no sort of covering is necessary, nor any other protection than that afforded by a wall having a south aspect ; in such a border, and without any covering, young cauliflower- plants have uniformly stood well for many successive winters, and have always proved better and sounder plants for spring ))lanting than such as have had additional shelter. The seed- lings protected with glass-frames generally grow too gross in the stems, which become partly blackened, and the plants being thus unhealthy are not fit for planting out. Late raised seed- lings which spend the winter in the open border, uniformly become the largest and finest table cauliflowers during the summer, though they certainly do not come in quite so early. Cauliflower plants, it is probable, are often killed with too much attention. Seedlings raised in autumn seem to be very tenacious of life. {Cakd. Iiorl. mem. 3. p. 192.) A method of producing Cauliflower pretty early and with great certainty is this ; the plants are set in small pots in the winter season and kept in any convenient part of the floor of a vinery or other glazed house. In the beginning of ^L^rch they are taken out of the pots with the ball of earth attached, and planted in the open ground. If they be here protected against severe frosts w ith bell-glass covers, they come into head in the course of April, if the weather prove favorable. {Xeill.) The following method of obtaining a crop of early cauliflower is re- commeniled by an anonymous correspondent in Loudon's Gar- dener's Magazine. From a seed-bed which has been sown two or three days after rather than before the customary period, select a score or two of healthy plants ; pot them singly in the smallest sized garden-pots in rich loamy compost, water and plunge them in a cold frame, shading for a short time luitil they have taken root. Afterwards give them air daily, drawing on the lights at niglit and defending them from severe frost with mats, water frecpiently with tejiid manured water, and keep clear from decayed leaves and weeds. Examine the state of the roots from time to time, and as they become in the least degree matted, immediately shift in forty-eight sized pots with the before-men- tioned compost, and replace them carefully in the same frame and attending to them as before. When the roots have nearly filled these last pots, shift into thirty-twos, and in due time they will ultimately require twenty-fours, or if they have grown ra- pidly even eighteens. After being firmly established in these, tliey may be removed into a vinery, peacli, orotiier forcing-house, there to remain till the end of March or beginning of April, when they may be turned out into the open air between the asparagus-beds or any other warm or sheltered spot. They will require to be put in very deep and protected by hand-glasses, or at least by boughs of trees, that they may not suffer from the sudden transition of weather or inclement skies. It is hardly necessary to add that the whole success of this method of cidturc depends entirely on the plants receiving no check in any stage of their grow tli, either from want of timely repotting, water, air, of sufficient protection from frost ; while in the house if not supplied with water in j)ans they are very liable to button, and thereby wholly defeat the end in view. Crap to stand the winter. For the early and general crops next simmier, make considerable sowings froui the middle till near the end of August, to stand the winter, some being finally planted out the same year in warm borders in October or No- vember under hand-glasses, and the others pricked out into frames and warm liorders for planting out finally in tlie spring into the open ground to succeed the hand-glass heads or for the general summer-crop. Sow in a bed of rich light mellow earth. After sowing give occasional light waterings in dry weather, .ind shade in hot sunny days till the plants come up, when these have leaves an inch or an inch and half l)road in Seiitcmber, prick them into intermediate beds three or four inches apart. CRUCIFER.E. LXXXIir. IJkassica. 235 watering and occasionally shading from tlie mid-day sun, till they have taken root ; to remain in such beds till they have gained strength till October. JItnid-glass Dhiston. " Towards the close of October, transplant a quantity finally into rich ground, which has been well dunged, under hand-glasses in rows three feet and a half or four feet asunder, with intervening alleys a foot wide, and three feet apart in a row. Set tliree, four or six plants centrally under each glass about four inches apart, with the design of re- taining only two or three of the best plants in the spring. Give a moderate watering at planting, and put on the glasses close till the plants take root, discoverable in a week or ten days, by their shewing a renewed growth ; then raise the glasses on the warmest side, one or two inches in mild days, to admit free air to the plants. Continue the glasses all winter, but in all tem- perate weather tilt up the south side daily two or three inches to give the requisite admission of free air. You may occasionally take the glasses off, especially if the plants appear to draw or get on too fast in growth, as they are sometimes apt to run into small button heads in their nursery state, useless for future culture ; but put on the glasses early towards evening, and always keep them on at night and during cold rain, snow, and frosts, shutting them close down in all inclement weather, and during rigorous frosts it would be advisable to give some pro- tection with long dry stable litter round the glasses, or to cover with mats, removing the covering when mild settled weather occurs. Thus conforming to the vicissitudes of the weathe]", continue the glasses till the close of April or beginning of May, giving larger admissions of free air as the warmer season of spring advances, and sometimes in fine mild weather admit a moderate warm shower of rain. Meanwhile in March, if all or most of the plants under the glasses have stood the winter, be careful to leave only one or two of the strongest under each glass, transplanting the superabundant into the open garden in a quarter of rich mellow earth, improved with rotten dung dug in a spade deep ; setting the plants two feet and a half asunder, and giving water. In thinning the plants be careful in taking out those with black shanks, but do not take the trouble to transplant them, for they will prove abortive. At the same time, to assist those remaining under the glasses, draw a little earth about the stem of each. To these continue the glasses till the period men- tioned above to forward them in full growth for the most early production ; but as they expand in the herb raise each glass upon the props three or four inches high, to admit air freely, and to give a larger scope of room above, for the free growth of the plants, or when furtlier advanced you may draw a small ledge of earth round the bottom of each glass, both to raise the props higher for an additional upward space, and to contain water when occasionally given in dry weather. Towards the end of April or the beginning of May, when the plants will in a manner have filled the glasses, remove these from the most forward, but continue the aid of glass as long as practicable, to accelerate the plants into early heading in May. Thus the most early crop will produce a stipply of flower-heads for gatherings in succession in May and June." Frame Division. " The other plants of the same sowing designed for wintering in frames, may in young growth, at the end of September or beginning of October, be either pricked • at once into the winter beds, or be at that time removed into a preparatory bed in the open garden, to have a month's growth in order to be transplanted into the frame beds in the end of October or beginning of November in rows, crosswise, four or three inches apart in the bed, covering the surface with dry ashes or sharp sand. Give a light watering, and put on the lights close till the plants have taken root, then prop up the lights behind two or three inches, or draw them off occasionally to the back of the frames in mild dry days, but keep them on when very cold, and in rain, snow> frost, and always at night, and in severe frost cover the glasses and round the frames with dry long strawy litter and mats ; but in all mild, dry weather admit the air fully as in managing the hand-glasses. Then in March or beginning of April, transplant the whole into the open garden in rows two feet and a half asunder, and they will come into full production in July and August." Half-sliclfercd Portion. " In want of frames or hand-glasses, you may in October either prick some plants into a warm south border close under the fence, three inches apart to be protected in rigorous frosts with mats, dry litter or reed pannels ; or j-ou may prick some into a bed, arched over with hoops, to receive a covering of mats during cold nights or heavy rains, snow or frosts in the day-time in winter. Give the full air in all moder- ate weather till March or April, then all to be transplanted finally as above." Secondary sowing or first spring~raised crojj. " For late succession summer cauliflower to succeed the autumn-raised early and main summer crops, or if none were raised to stand the winter. Sow in February or beginning of March in a mo- derate hot-bed, or where that cannot be had, in a warm border under a frame or hand-glass, and when the young plants have leaves an inch broad, prick them into other beds of the same description, three inches apart, to gain strength by three or four weeks growth, in order to be planted out into the open garden at the end of April or beginning of May, where they will produce tolerable heads in July or August. Sow also in the open garden during the last fortnight in March and the first in April for a later succession with small heads in August and throughout autumn. Plants of the late crop removed as late as May for fruiting the same year shoidd be planted in a shady border." Second spring-raised crop. " The next and last sowing is for the late autumn and winter crop, commonly called the Michael- mas crop, to be made towards the 24th of May, in a bed of light earth. Prick out the young plants in June to remain in the in- termediate bed till about the middle of July, then to be trans- planted two-feet and a half asunder. Give occasional watering till they have taken good root. Tliey will begin to produce heads in October, but they will be of superior size in November and December if temperate weather follows. Final culture of the three crops. " With respect to the cul- ture of the dift'erent ci'ops, after being finally transplanted, it is to hoe the ground occasionally in order to cut down weeds, and as well to loosen the earth and draw some round the stems of the plants. When the eaily crops are nearly advanced to full growth in May and June, one or two good waterings to the roots will con- tribute to their producing large heads. In the dry weather of meridian summer water those not in flower twice a-week, and those in flower every second day. As the flower heads shew themselves turn down some of the larger leaves to defend them from sun and rain, and to preserve them white and close in per- fection." ylhercrombie. Insects and Slugs. " Cauliflower plants when first planted out are frequently infested with flies or their larvae, to attract which it is not uncommon to sow a little radish-seed on the Cauli- flower ground a fortnight before transplanting, the flies preferring the tender leaves of the radish to those of the cauliflower, the latter are thus suflTered to escape." Loudon. Look carefully once a-week or oftener, if mild weather, over the cauliflower plants, as slugs will destroy many of them, the best way is to pick them carefully off" with the hand. Laying a little chaff" round the plants is said to keep off" slugs. In severe weather mice and rats will be a])t to destroy them ; recourse must then be had to poison and traps. The plants should be kept clean from dead leaves and weeds. H h2 236 CRUCIFER/E. LXXXIII. Brassica. Storing or Preserving during Winter. " Cauliflowers may be preserved for a considerable time by various methods. About the end of the month of October ])ick out all those that have close and well-shaped heads, lift tliem carefully with a spade, dress oft' most of the leaves above the flower, remove them to an open-shed, and lay them in by the heels, as it is called, among rotten tan or dry mould, ])lace them closely together, but not so as to touch each other. In this state, if kept free of damp, they will continue good for some time after those in the open air are exhausted. They may also be carefully taken up, and stored in the same way in the borders of any peach-house or vinery, ob- serving to shut up the lights during rain, and also on frosty nights. They may also be protected in deep garden-frames, or they may be taken up in a dry day and carried to an airy shed, and tied in pairs, and hung up on poles or strong nails with their heads downwards ; or they may be cut over about six inches below the flower, and a few of their leaves left to be wrapped round them, and buried about eighteen inches below the surface, in a dry bank or among sand, in a cellar or out-housc. " Tlie most successful method we have practised for preserv- ing Cauliflower in perfection through the winter months is to cut them in dry weather, dress oft' all their leaves, put them in an airy place to dry for a day or two, then bury them in casks or boxes amongst bog-mould, composed of vegetable matter, such as is dry for fuel. This kind is antise])tic and capable of resist- ing putrefaction, particularly when excluded from atmo>pheric air. Caidiflower preserved in tliis way shoidd be well washed previously to using, as they become black when Imriod any loiigtli of time ; not that such bl.ickness ])rocceds from any decoui])()- sition of the heads, but arises from the more subtile particles of the mould adhering to their surface." Mackintosh. A method of preserving Cauliflower is mentioned, Ciil. Iiort. HOC. num. vol. 1. j). 12!), and which consists in burying the entire plant in a pit about eighteen inches deep, dug along the bottom of a wall. On a dry day the plants are taken up and the leaves are wra])])ed round the head or flower, they are then deposited in the trench, the heads sloping downwards and the roots extending upwanls, so that the roots of one layer cover the tops of another. Next the whole are covered closely with eartli, sloping it from the wall and beating it smooth with the back of the spade .so that the rain may rim oft'. In this way they are preserved from No- vember to January. To .lave Seed. " Mark and leave some prime plants of the thoroughly nursed early and main crops in May and .June, when the flower heads are in highest perfection, as those of late pro- duction will not ripen seed eireetually. The stools will ailbrd ripe seed in Septeml)er, when be careful to watch the cliallinthes, green-birds, i\e. to gather the branches as the seed upon them ripens. Lay them elevated from the ground in some sunny, airy situation, to dry and harden to full maturity ; after which let the .seed be beaten or rubbed out, cleaned and sifted from the husky parts, spread on a doth to dry the whole etpially, and then put up for sowing the following year." /tbcrvromt>ic. • * Brocoli, (Eng.) Broccoli (Fr.) Jtalienc.sclie Kohl (Ger.) Cavolo Romano, or Broccoli (Ital.) {Brdssica olvracea, F. ho- irjjtis. * * asparagoidcs, D. C. 1. c.) Brocoli is scarcely distinguishable from Cautijlon'cr. Tl:e stem is usually taller ; the leaves are more elongated ; the pe- duncles are fleshy at the top, bearing small flower-buds, and of a hardier constitution. The varieties are divided into the White and Purple Brocoli ; there are numerous sub-varieties of each. In .MilKr's Dictionary, under the article Brassica, the few Brocolis that were then known are suj)posed to have proceeded from the Cau'iJUmcr, which was orijiinally iiuported from the Isle of Cyprus about the middle of the 1 Gth century. Miller mentions the White and Purple or Maltese Brocoli as coming from Italy, and it is conjectured that from these two sorts all the subsequent kinds have arisen, cither by accidental or premeditated impregnation. Miller mentions the /fomnn .\eapolitan and Black Brocoli as being in use in his time, but he says of those the Koman is the best. Mr. Neill observes, that no culinary plant is so liable to sport as Brocoli ; so that new kinds, slightly difl'erent, are conti- nually coming into notice or favour, and as speedily sinking into neglect. Maher observes (Hort. trans. 1. p. 116.) that as all plants of the Brassica tribe become less alkalescent and more palatable in proportion as they approach to a j)ale or white co- lour, such varieties of Brocoli will undoubtedly be jireferable to purple ones if they turn out equally hardy. An able writer on this subject, H. Ronalds, of Brentford, has given (Hort. trans. 3.) a description of difl'erent varieties of Brocoli, with an account of the method of cultivating them ; from this and anv new addi- tional information on this subject, in Loudon's encycl. gard., we shall chiefly compose this article. §. Varieties and their Culture. 1 Purple, Cape, or Autumnal Brocoli. This has a close com- pact head, of a beautiful colour ; the leaves are almost entire, erect, concave, lobed at the base, and much waved, short, and regularly surrounding the bead ; the veins and midrib are stained with purple, which stain is a test of its being true ; the bead is exposed to the view in growing ; in general it is not very large, as it enlarges the projecting ])arts of the flower shew a greenish- white colour mixed with purple. When boiled the whole head becomes green. If the season is showery, and this variety is planted in good ground, it comes as large as C'aulijlower. Cult. Sown about the middle of May or beginning of June, it will produce in regular succession from August till December, or imtil the frost destroys the heads. When sown in Jidy or .\u- gust, if the winter is mild, it will liring good heads in spring. When .sown in the beginning of September and then jireservcd in frames as Caulifioncrs, line heads may be exjiected in the months of June or July. Thus by good management this kind may be in use the greater part of the year, but it is not hardy enough to be depended on in the winter months. The plants grow from one foot to a foot and a half, and should be placed about two feet apart in every direction. Maher's mode of treating the Purple Brocoli is as follows. Three crops are sown annually : the first between the l^tli and 18th of April, a second between the 18th and 21th of May, the third between the 19th and 25th of August; these successive crops supply the family from September till the end of May. The seeds are sown very thinly on a border of very rich light earth. Not a weed is sultered to grow, and when the pl.ints have from eight to ten leaves, which is in about a nuinth, they arc finally transplanted, two feet asunder every w.ay, in a j)iecc of sandy loam, which has been well prepared by digging, and en- riched by a large proportion of very rotten dung, frequently turned over to ])ick out every sort of grub or insect. The ground is kept clean by frequent hoeing, and the loose surface is drawn round the stems into a heap. The second crop is treated exactly as the first, but the weaker plants are left in the seed- bed eight or ten days longer to gain strength. They are then transplanted from the bed into eighteen sized pots fillecl with rich ■earth, then placing them close to each other in the shade, and duly watering the plaiUs till they begin to grow freely. After this the pots are plunged in the open ground two feet distance each way, and about three inches utuler the common level of the ground, by this means a basin is formed round each ])lant, to retain any water given to them when necessary mitil the aiUimmal rains commence, when the basins are filled up bv drawing the earth round each plant, at the s.amc time pressing it firmly down, to prevent the wind from shaking them. A few of these somelimes CRUCIFERiE. LXXXIII. Buassica. 237 shew flowers too soon, and to n;uard tlicni from early frost, a leaf or two is broken down over them. On the apjjroach of settled frost in December or January, all the pots are taken up and re- moved to a frame-pit or shed, where they can be sheltered from the severity of the weather, but tiiey should have plenty of air when it is mild. By this method a supply is preserved for the table in the hardest winters. Brocoli always succeeds best if planted finally from the seed-bed ; if planted oftener the head is less in size, and runs much sooner after it forms, and even general crops should never be pricked out. The seeds of the third crop are sown in a frame or under hand-glasses, and about the third week in October the plants become strong enough to remove as in the two former crops. 2 Green Cape or Autumnal Brocoli. This sort differs but little from the preceding except in the colour and in the heads, as well as the plant proving in general larger. The leaves are long and narrow, much like those of Cauliflower ; they are little waved, and consequently have a smooth a])pearance. The veins and mid-rib are green. The head, which has some resem- blance to a Cauliflower, is of a greenish-white colour, and is usually somewhat covered by the leaves. These two sorts are very sportive, running much into each other, and have a strong tendency to degenerate, yet are quite distinct, and when so are very beautiful. The greatest care should be taken in sowing the seeds from plants that are very true. This remark applies generally to all sorts. 3 Grange's Early Cauliflower Brocoli. If this sort is sown at three different times from the beginning of May until the end of Jime, it will bear heads in succession from Michael- mas to Christmas, if the weather is not severe. The leaves covering the head defend it from slight attacks of frost, they have long naked foot-stalks, are wider and shorter than those of the Green Cape, and lobed at the base, but not much waved ; the veins and mid-rib are whitish-green ; the head is large and quite white. The plants shoidd be planted two feet asimder each way. This kind will amply repay the expence of cultivation. 4 Green Close-headed Winter Brocoli. This is a good sort, apparently a seedling from the Green-Cape, which it closely succeeds in coming into use. The plants are dwarf, with spread- ing leaves, which are moderately indented, numerous, much waved, and large ; the veins and mid-rib are white ; the flowers grow exposed, nearly resembling that of the Green-Cape in ap- pearance, and does not attain a great size. The peculiarity of this sort is that it continues to bear during the whole of the winter, if the weather is mild. A single plantation made from seeds sown in May, Ronalds found to yield heads fit for use through the months of November, December, January, and February. Plant from one foot and a half to two feet distance. 5 Early Purple Brocoli. This is a very excellent kind, of a deep purple colour, if the true sort ; it is close-headed at first, afterwards it branches, but it is apt to come green and too much branched, especially in rich ground. The plants are from 2 to 3 feet, high growing, strong ; the leaves are much indented, of a purplish-green colour ; they spread out wide, but not long, though the stalks are so ; the head is quite open from the leaves ; small leaves are sometimes intermixed with the head, the plants produce sprouts or flowers from the axils of the leaves. When this kind is sown in April it begins to produce heads in Novem- ber, and continues bearing heads and sprouts throughout the winter; if sown in June, it produces abundance of sprouts in March and April. C Early White Brocoli. The heads of this sort are of a close texture, and of a pure white colour. It grows to about 3 feet in height, with erect, concave, light-green, and nearly entire leaves. To obtain fine early heads of this sort, the seed should be sown in February or beginning of March on a slight hot-bed. The plants when about 3 or 4 inches high, must be transplanted into beds of light rich earth 3 or 4 inches apart, and defended from the frosts and cold nights by a mat covering ; they will be strong enough to plant out finally at 2 or 3 feet distance by the end of A])ril ; under this treatment they will produce beautiful heads in Novemtxr, and continue to do so until Christmas, if the weather is tolerably mild. This sort, as well as several others, is sometimes cut in considerable quantities by the market-gar- deners previous to an expected frost, and kept in sheds or cellars for the supply of the market. 7 Dwarf Brown Close-headed Brocoli. This sort, from its colour, is supposed to have sprung from the sulphur-coloured Brocoli, from which, however, it differs in coming in earlier, as well as in the shape and colour of the heads ; the leaves are also broader and shorter; they are small, not much waved, dark- green, with white veins ; they grow upright, and do not cover the head at all. Most of the heads are green on their first ap- pearance, but soon change to large handsome brown heads. If this kind be sown about the middle of April, it is in use through- out March and April. Two feet distance everyway is sufficient for the plants when put in. 8 Tall Large-headed Purple Brocoli. This sort grows from 2 to 3 feet in height, and produces large purple heads. If sown towards the end of March, it will prove a useful kind in March and April following. The plants require to be 3 feet asunder, in good ground. 9 Cream-coloured or Portsmouth Brocoli. This kind ex- ceeds all the others in size ; the heads are of a buff or cream- colour, very compact and firm ; the leaves are large and broad, with white veins ; they spread out widely, but the small centre leaves cover the flower. A head of this kind was sent by Mr. Oldacre to the Horticultural Society from Spring Grove, Brent- ford, that measured 2 feet in circumference, although it was quite close. If seeds of this sort are sown in April, they will produce heads in the following February, March, and April. It bears near the ground. The plants should be 3 feet asunder. Tl.is kind merits general cultivation. 10 Sulphur-coloured Brocoli. This is a hardy and valu- able sort ; if sown in April it produces in the following April and beginning of May, fine, compact, conical, sulphur-coloured heads, some of them slightly dotted with purple. The leaves have long footstalks, are much indented, of a bluish-grey-colour. Two feet asunder is sufficient for the plants. 11 Spring White or Cauliflower Brocoli. This sort grows very robust, with large flat narrow leaves, which have thick veins ; the leaves encompass and comj)ress the head, so as to render it generally invisible even when fit to cut, which is a great preservative from the frosty mornings common in the spring months. If the seeds of this kind are sown in March, and finally planted out at 3 feet asunder, these, if in good ground, will produce very fine heads perfectly white throughout the months of April and May of the following year. 12 Late Dwarf Close-headed Purple Brocoli. This is the latest purple Brocoli, being in perfection throughout April and the greater part of May. The plants seldom rise above a foot in height; the flower at first shews small and green, but soon enlarges, and changes to a close conical purple head ; the leaves are short and small dark-green, with white veins, much sinuated, deeply indented, and forming a regular radius round the head, giving the whole plant a singular and beautii'ul ap- pearance. The seeds of this kind should be sown in April. Plant finally from one and a half to two feet asunder. 13 Latest Green, or Siberian, or Danish Brocoli. This is the latest and hardiest of all the Brocolis, for the severest win- ters will not destroy it. The leaves are much waved and in- dented, long, and narrow, with a tinge of purple colour on the 2.38 CRUCIFER.E. lAXXIII. Dbassica. stems. If tliis sort is sown towards tlic end of April, it will pro- duce larye compact green heads diiriiii; the whole of May in the siuceedinj^ year. Two feet distance is suHicient for the plants. 1 1- Si'uoi iiNii BiiocoLi. This is a hardy spring sort. If sown in April it will produce in the following spring. Two feet asunder is sullicient fur this kind. I.') Uelvidliie IJrocoli. Tlie heads of this kind are very handsome and excellent. The plant is not very hardy. Sow in April, and ])lant finally two feet asunder. Giiural obxcnatiuns on the culture of Brocoli. All the sorts are raised from seed, and half an ounce is sullicient to sow a bed of 40 feet scjuare. Ronalds directs the sced-heds to be prepared of rich mould well dug, and if dry watered the evening before sowing. The seeds should be thiidy sown, and the beds should be covered with mats or litter till the plants ajipear ; the cover- ing may then be removed, and then watered occasionally as the state of the weather requires : the best method is to transplant when the plants are about 2 or 3 inches high into other beds abotit t inches apart. Being several times refreshed with water, if the weather is dry, they will in a fortnight or three weeks be sulliciently strong for a second planting. This mode oH'ers some advantage in giving time to clear oil' many crops, such as peas, &c. thereby obtaining ground which could not otherwise be con- veniently had at the first season of planting out. The four first sorts oi\ the list, which Mr. Ronalds considers as congeners, should be only once transplanted, as the check their removal occasion^ is apt to produce the head prematurely, which in that case will be small, and inditt'erent in quality. If the season is showery, it will be requisite to cover the beds as soon as sown with netting, to keep oft" the birds, also to sprinkle the plants with lime-water whei'i they appear, or to strew on them fresh slaked lime to tlestroy the slugs. In this case, when the plants are six or eight inches high, they may be planted finally at the distances recommended for each sort. Brocoli in general suc- ceeds best in fresh loamy soil, where it is supposed they come more true to their kind and hardier, but if this situation cannot lie had, dee]) May. Sow Caulijloner about the end of this month for the last crop of the season for the winter supply, give plenty of water if the weather is dry, and occasional shading. Plant Cau- li/loiier finally in a north or shaded liorder, the coldest and (iampest situation in the garden is the best for this planting. Hoe and earth u]) the former planted crops. Pay proper atten- tion to those under hand-glasses as regards air and water. If any are coming to flower on any of the crops, lireak a leaf or two down upon them. Sow a full crop of Brocolis, and water if the weather is dry. Prefer the kinds reconuiiended last month, to which may be added, Grange's Early Caulijloner Brocoli, Pur- ple Cape, and Green Cape. Plant Ihially those Brocoli plants which are (it, at two feet asunder, dung the ground well, and water freely if the weather is dry. Avoid ground that has been under the same crop the preceding year. Cape Brocoli is said to succeed best planted finally from the seed-bed, or the seeds are sown where the plants are intended to remain, for this pur- pose sow two or three seeds at two feet distance, and when the plants are grown up two or three inches remove all but the strongest ; and the same mode is recommended to all spring .sown Brocolis, Caulijhmers, Lettuces, and many other vegetables. Transplant spring sown Cabbages of all sorts for autinim and winter use, in an open situation ; some may be planted between rows of Early Caulijlotvcrs and wide rows of French Beans. Plant in moist weather if possible, give each a little water imtne- diately after )>lanted. Earth up the early and general crops of Cabbages. As the early crops will now be advancing to matu- rity, they may be forwarded into cabbaging by tying the leaves together with strings or matting, the best time for doing this is when the leaves begin to turn inwards. Sow Sugar-loaf Cab- bage seed and any other ipiick hearting kinds, for sununer and autinun, and young autmnn Cahhages. Sow Brocoli of sorts for next autumn, winter, and spring use, if not done in March or April, which is the best time ; and as soon as they have attained a moderate size prick out into beds four inches apart, that they may attain a proper size for final planting. Sow Brussels Sprouts and Saeoi/.s, and prick out the plants of the former sowing. 1 June. Prick out the CauUJlowcrs sown in May for an autumnal crop in a bed of rich earth in an open situation, water, and shelter them occasionally in the middle of the day if hot. Look over the jjlantation of early Cauli/lojvers, and if the heads are appearing, break down sou)e of the large leaves over them, which will blanch them, and render them more delicate. Those Caulifton'crs coming into flower or advancing in growth, should have plenty of water in dry weather. This is a proper time to select Cauli/lon-cr ])lants, from which the seed is to be obtained, and allow these to stand. Sow Cabbages for a successioiial crop, hoe and earth up the advancing crojis, as they may occasionally rc(|uire. To prevent aphides and worms from destroying Cab- bages, give plenty of water at the roots if the weather is dry. Sow some CotcKorts about the middle or end of the month. Plant full crops of Brucuit in well dunged and dry open situa- tions, water if the weather is dry. Sow Brocoli for early spring use. Prick out those Brocolis sown in April or May, and if the weather is dry give occasional watering. Plant out finally sorts of Bri eoli as the ground becomes vacant, or between the rows of crops, which will be soon cleared oft' the ground. Plant a considerable quantity, as they will be of great use in winter. Plant crops of Brussels Sprouts and Savoys; the directions given for Brocoli are applicable to these ; if groimd be scarce, plant them betiveen rows of crops that will be soon cleared oft' the ground. 7 July. Plant out the Caulijlowers, whicli were sown in May and pricked out in June, in an exposed situation in a rich soil, about 1 8 or 20 inches apart each way, regularly watering them if the weather is dry ; these will be ready for storing in October. Plant full crops of Cabbages for autumn and winter use ; let the ground be well dug, and moderately dunged, water if the weather is dry ; let the plants be about 2 feet asunder. Plant finally diflTerent sorts of Borecole. Let every piece of vacant ground which is not intended for any other croj) be plant- ed with Borecoles, Brussels-sprouts, Savoys, and Brocolis. Situa- tions which are least exposed to the action of the sun are best, or high dry situations, avoiding situations under the shade of trees. Hoe and earth up the crops planted last month. Sow Brocoli seed for a late spring cro)), and last sowing of the sea- son ; not later than the fifteenth of the month, in a bed of rich mellow earth, and if the weatiier is dry a moderate watering should be given. Plant finally a full crop of Brocoli in a rich well-dug and manured piece of groimd at about 2 feet asunder, give water for two or tl.ree days regularly after planting. Slugs are now very connnon, therefore they should be carefully picked ofT every morning from all the Brassica tribe. .Sow full crops of Colcnorts for autumn and winter use, and also for plants to stand until the spring, when the Savoys and other greens have been coiismned. .Sow Yorkshire or Sugar-loaf Cabbage seed, Battersea and Antnerp kinds for Culenorts. If Coleworls are wanted for winter, sow in the last week in June; this will pro- duce plants fit for use in November and December. 8 August. .Sow Caulijloner seed for early crops next year, either in the middle of the second week or the middle of the third week, in a border of light earth, and give water if the weather require it. Sow sorts of Cabbages for next year's use, about the fifth, but not later than the twelfth of August ; prefer for this sowing the Early Dnarf York, JCast Ham, Early Em- peror, and Sugar-loaf for first crops; the I^arge York, Large Sugar-loaJ] Battersea, Penlon, Imperial, Anln'crp, liussian, &c. for secondary spring crops. If a succession of Cohnorts are required still plant as directed. Plant out Savoys for luitumn and winter use in groiu)d well dug iqi and manured, or on ground where early potatoes or such crops as have not much exhausted the ground have been. Savoys m\i\ all sorts of greens may with propriety be sown between rows of beans, peas, and such crops. At the beginning of the month prepare a jjiece of ground for Brocoli in an open spot ; let it be well dug and dunged. Plant in rows three feet apart each way ; give water immediately on pKinting. Those Brocolis transplanted last month should now have the earth drawn iq) round their stalks, at the same time giving them a lilieral watering. 9 September. Prick out those CauliJloners sown last month into a nursing-bed ; for this purpose prejiare a bed of light rich mould about the size of a frame, in order that a frame may be set over thein as the weather becomes inclement, jilant about three inches apart in rows each way, gently watering them, shading them from the sun, and sheltering them from heavy rains, for this purpose the lights sho\dd be i)ut on. The ]>lants having remained five or six weeks in this bed they will be re.idy to transplant. Hoe and earth u)) the Michaelmas crop, or those CRUCIFER^E. LXXXIII. Brassica. 241 sown in July, they will begin to shew their heads about the latter end of the month. If the weather is dry, make a hollow or basin round the roots of these plants, into which jiour a quantity of water ; by this means their growth will be accelerated, and the heads will become much larger. Plant those Cabhagc-Colc- worts which were sown about the end of July, about the middle or end of this month, in a sheltered part of the garden : plant in rows about seven or eight inches apart, the rows about a foot distant. Some of these will be fit for use about Christmas. Prick out those Cabbage plants which were sown about the middle or latter end of August in nursery-beds in a piece of good gi'ound in a sheltered situation, well dug and divided into beds; plant four or five inches apart, give a moderate watering if the weather is dry three or four times for the first ten days. About the first or second week of this month the last crop of Bio- coli should be finally transplanted into a warm situation, and they should be planted in rows about a foot and a half apart, and about the same distance from each other in the row. Hoe the ground and draw the earth round the stems of the former crops of Brocoli. 10 October. The Cni(^i/?oH'c'r* sown in August and beginning of September will now be fit to prick out in beds, where they are to remain during winter ; prepare a piece of ground of the same size and form as recommended last month, in a sheltered but not in a shaded situation ; plant about four inches apart each way, water and settle the mould about their roots, place a frame over them if such can be spared, exposing them as much as possible in good weather, covering them when frost or heavy cold rain is apprehended. Guard against the attacks of mice and slugs. If a frame cannot be had, prick them out in the same way under a wall or paling, sloping the ground in digging towards the sun, or they may be protected in beds on a warm spot, covered occasionally with mats, supported by hoops ; in either case let them enjoy a free circulation of air, and to be kept as dry as possible. Store Caidijlowers as directed. Plant out finally towards the end of the month early Cabbage plants, for cabbaging early in the following summer, in a good spot of ground well manured and trenched, make ridges and plant be- tween them, and in wet ground even on the top of the ridges. If both survive the winter, make the one row make good the other, preferring to leave the row at the bottom of the ridge, these last are most likely to be preserved, as they wi'l be shel- tered from the cutting winds. The Brassica tribe seldom suc- ceed if planted twice in the same ground. Plant in rows about two feet apart each way. Some of the early Cabbage plants should be allowed to remain in the nursery-beds till January or February, for in many instances the plants that are planted out early are destroyed by the frost, should this take place, then have recourse to the nursery-beds to supply their places. If any Cabbage plants remain in the seed-beds, remove them into the nursery-beds in the beginning of the month, to gain strength to endure the ensuing frosts. Clear the crops of BrocoVi from weeds, and mould them up for winter ; prefer a dry day for this operation. The crops of Brussels-sprouts should be treated in the same manner. 1 \ November. Admit free air every fine day to the Cauli- Jlorvers, in fine dry weather during the day-time by wholly re- moving the glasses, tilting them only in wet weather ; clear off the dead leaves and keep them free from weeds ; those plants under bell or hand-glasses require the same treatment, draw a little earth round their stalks. Where Caulifowcr plants were neglected to be pricked out last month, let it be done as early in this month as possible. Planting Cabbages for next spring use should be finished as early in this month as possible, that they may become sufficiently rooted before severe weather sets in ; the weakest plants may remain in the seed-bed during winter, to make up vacancies in the plantations in spring. VOL. I. PART. III. 12 December. Treat Caulijlr.wers as directed last month ; keeping free from frost, damp, and slugs, admitting free air in good weather. 2 B. cami'e'stris (Lin. spec. 931.) leaves rather fleshy, covered with glaucous bloom ; first ones rather hispid or ciliated, lyrate, toothed ; the rest cordate, stem-clasping, acumi- nated, partly pinnatifid. $ . H. Native of Britain, Lapland, Spain, Transylvania, and in the Crimea in fields. * A. oleifcra (D. C. syst. 2. p. 588.) root fusiform, slen- der; stem elongated. O. H. Smith, eiig.bot. 222 1. Dalech. lugd. 523. Native of Britain, Lapland, &c. in fields, and about the banks of rivers and ditches. Wild navew. Pet. hort. brit. t. 45. f. 9. Stem 2 feet high. Flowers yellow, corymbose. Col- sat, Colsa, or Colza, Pomet. hist. drog. p. 17. f. 2. Chou de Champs Navette (Fr.) Coleseed, Wild Navew or Navette (Ens-) . ....,, This plant is very extensively cultivated in Belgium, Switzerland, and Germany for food for sheep, and for the seed to be pressed for its oil. It is sometimes sown broad-cast, but it is alleged, that trans- planting has many advantages ; one is, that the seed-bed occupies but little room, whilst the land which is to carry the general crop is bearing corn. In the latter end of September, or second week of November, the plants are put in with the dibble or the plough without apprehending any miscarriage. The seed-bed is usually sown in Jidy or August. In October, or sooner, the stubble is ploughed over, manured, and ploughed again. The plants are dibbled into the seams of the ploughing (each furrow being 12 inches broad) and are set out 12 inches distance in the rows. In- stead of dibbling upon a second ploughing, in many cases they lay the plants at the proper distances across the furrow, and as the plough goes forward the roots are covered, and a woman fol- lows to set them a little up, and give them a firmness in the ground where necessary. After the frost in spring, the inter- vals are weeded and hand-hoed, and the earth drawn up to the plants, which is the last operation till the harvest. It is pulled rather green but ripens in the stack ; it is threshed in the common way, and the haulm is burned to ashes for manure, which is found to be more valuable than any other kind of manure, and it is considered that upon clover, a dressing of one-third less of it is amply sufficient. The seed is sold for crushing, or, as is fre- quently the case, crushed by the farmer himself. There is a variety of this called Colsa de Mars, which may be sown in spring and harvested in the same year, but is less pro- ductive. The two varieties have a very different aspect. Some authors speak of the White-Jlon'ered Colsa; but this name ap- pears to have arisen from some confusion in nomenclature. * * B. pabularia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 589.) root fusiform, slen- der; stem short. 0. H. Native of Europe ; cultivated in fields for sheep fodder, but very rarely ; it bears frequent cut- ting. Chou afauchcr, Commerel in mem. soc. agr. par. 1789. * * * C. NajM-Brdssica (D.C. syst. 2. p. 589.) root tumid, tur- nip-formed. $ . H. Frequently cultivated in fields. Bras- sica oleracea Napo-Briissica, Lin. spec. 932. Cavolo navone o Rutabaga, Galliz. hot. agr. 3. p. 192. Far. a, communis (D. C. I c.) root white or purplish ; neck and petioles greenish or purplish. $ . H. Cultivated in fields. Chou-navet commun ; Chou-navet blaiic ; Clum-navel rouge. The Turnip-rooted Cabbage is little known in the English gar- dens, though not uncommon in French horticulture. Mr. Neill observes it has a root under ground as sweet as a Swedish Tur- nip. The root is either white or red. Var. /3, Rutabaga (D. C. syst. 1. c.) root yellowish, rather globose. $ . H. Cultivated in fields. Rutabaga, Naietjaune, Chou de Laponic, Chuu de Suede, Naret de Suede (Fr.) Swe- dish Turnip (Eng.) Navone di Laponia (Ital.) li 2i2 CRUCIFER/E. LXXXIII. Brassica. Sifcdisfi Turnip. This root is extensively cultivated in fields for cattle, on account of its large size and hardy nature ; it is also occasionally raised in gardens for the tahle to use in young growth. Tiie cultivation of this root is the same as that for common turnip both in agriculture and horticulture, which see. Wild or Field Navew and Swedish Turnip. Britain. Fl. June, July. PI. 2 to 3 feet. J B. Ra'pa (Lin. spec. 931.) radical leaves lyrate, destitute of glaucous bloom, green, covered with bristly hairs, middle cauline ones cut, upper ones quite entire, smooth. $ . H. Native throughout Europe in cultivated fields and their borders. Smith, eng. hot. 2170. Mart. fl. rust. t. 19 and 50. B. asperi- folia var. y, Lam. diet. 1. p. 7ifi. Sinipis tuberosa, Poir. diet. 4. p. 3lti. Br. tuberosa, Sal. prod. 272. Sinapis rapa, Brot. fl. ills. 1. p. 58(1. Long. Turnep. Pet. herb. brit. t. 45. f. 8. liaie Nacct (Fr.) Slcckriibe (Germ.) Naeone (Ital.) Turnip (Engl.) //. depTcssa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 590.) root tumid under the neck, globose depressed, ending abruptly in a slender tail. $ . H. Cultivated. jXacct ri.itdc or Rare plate. Rabioule Rave, Crosse Rave (Fr.) Hound Turnip (Eng.) — Mor. oxon. sect. 3. t. 2. f. 1.— Blackw. herb. t. 231. * alba (D. C. 1. c.) root white on the outside, or purplish at the neck. — White Turnip. * * Jlaiescens (D. C. I. c.) root yellowish both inside and out- side.— Yellow Turnip. * * * nigricans (1). C. 1. c.) root blackish on the outside. — Black Turnip. This is a very doubtful plant. * * * * puhieeu (D. C. 1. c.) root with a scarlet or red skin. — Red Turnip. ***** riridis (D. C. 1. c.) root green. — Green Turnip. •*•**• pnecox (D. C. 1. c.) Early Dutch Tiiniii). B. oblmina (D. C. 1. c.) root oblong, gradually tapering to a point. — Slath. connn. 330. f. 1. — Lob. icon. t. 197. f. 2. &c. — Oblong, Tankard, or Decanter Turnip. C. oleifcra (D. C. I. c.) root slender. — B. napella, Vill Math. comm. 330. f. 2. — Lob. icon. 298. f. 1.— Oil-bearing Turnip. Cidtivated in Dauphiny, where it is called A'acelle, for the sake of its seed, from which an oil is obtained. It is less pro- ductive than the connnon Rape and Coha, but it is nevertheless useful as it grows in soil unfavourable to every other oleagi- nous plant. The seeds are sown after harvest, and ripen in the June following. See B. napiis olciftra for the culture of the plant. Turnip, Fl. April, July. Britain. PI. 2 to t feet. The Turnip is a bit-nnial plant, growing in a wild state in some parts of England, but better known as an irdial)itant of the gardens or the farm; the root leaves are large, of a deep green colour, very rough jagged, and gashed ; in the second season it sends up a flower-stalk furnished with stem-clasping leaves, which are smooth. Use. The use of the root, boiled and mashed as a dish, in broths, soups, and stews, or entire, is known all over Europe. The top shoots, from such as have stood the w inter, are gathered whilst tender and dressed as spring-greens or spinach, under the name of Turnip-tops. The following varieties are in general cultivation. §. 1 Round White Turnips. Brassica n'ipa. A, dcprcssa • &lba, D. C. I. c. 1 Early white Dutch, 2 Early stone. 3 Common round white. 4 Large round white. .5 Green topped, large round white, skin of the crown green. G Red topped, large white. 7 Small round French, petit Berlin {Fr.) Teltaw (Gcr.) 8 Large .Scotch. 9 White globe. § 2. Round Yelloiv Turnips. Brassica rapa * * flaviscens, D. C. I.e. 1 Yellow Dutch. 2 Al)erdeen yellow. 3 >Liltese golden, an excellent and beautiful root. 4 Large yellow field. 5 Scarisbrook or Preston yellow. G Mouse-tail or six-week yellow. § 3. Black Turnip. Brdssica rapa. A. dcpressa * • • ni- gricans, I), C. I. c. 1 Black Russian. This turnip appears to be lost. § 1. Red Turnip. Brdssica rapa dcpressa • • • • jjunicea, D. C. I. c. 1 Large round red. 2 Red six-week or stone. § 5. Green Turnip. Brdssica rapa dcprissa • * • » riridis, D. C. I. c. 1 Green turnip. ^ C. Oblong Tuinip. Brdssica rapa, B. oblonga, D. C. /. c. 1 Tankard or Decanter Turnip, large oblong, white, red, and green. I 7. Oil-bearing Turnip. Brdssica rapa, C, olcijcra, D. C. I. c. 1 Navette of Dauphiny. Estimate of sorts. " The first three sorts are the fittest for early, first succession and main summer crops for the table. The early white Dutch is proper, both for the most early and first succession crops, as is also the early stone. The common roimd white is highly eligible for the main crop ; and the large round white stands nearly on a par with that, .and, if not sown to come in with it, should at least succeed it, as a late summer and autumn crop. In large grounds portions of the large white- green-topped, and the large white-red-topped, may be sown for autumn and winter, but the surest plant for winter consump- tion is the yellow Dutch ; although constituted to stand the intense frost unhurt, it has a fine flavour, and is very nutritive. Small portions of any of the other sorts may be cultivated in secondary crops for variety, or to .inswev a particular demand.' Time of sowing. " This root can be obtained most part of the year by sowing every month in spring and siniimer. Make the first sowing in the last week of February or first week in March, on a slight hot-bed ; by this means the plants will be r.iorc likely to bulb, than shew a disposition to run to seed, and will be an acceptable addition to spring vegetables. For the first early full crop sow aliout the middle or latter end of ^L^rch in an open situation, and w here the groimd is light. For the second crop to succeed those sown last month, sow about the middle or end of April, either in drills an inch deep or broad- cast thinly. They may be sown between crops of Asparagus or Sea-kale, provided the soil be light ; the early Dutch and stone are best for this and the jireceding sowings. For the third crop sow in May, and by the latter end of July they will be suffi- ciently large for use. Sow in a light soil in warm situations. The fourth and princijial crop should be sown in June, about the middle or end of the month, for autimm and winter use, and con- siderable benefit will he derived in sowing in showery or rainy weather, or to retard the sowing if a prospect of such weather coining on, in all the sowings. Particular care should be taken in sowing the seed equally, and immediately afterwards tread it down and rake it evenly. The fifth crop should be sown in July in an open situation. This time may be considered a very favour- CRUCIFERjE. LXXXIII. Bkassica. 243 able time for sowing Turnips for autumn use ; the first of these will be fit for the kitchen in September, and will improve in growth from Michaelmas to Christmas, and should a moderate winter follow, they will continue in perfection until the following spring. Care must be taken to sow immediately after the ground is prepared. The sixth and last crops of the season should be sown at the beginning and towards the latter end of August, taking advantage of moist weather. The kinds best for this sowing are all the yellow Turntps, viz. Dutch, Aberdeen, and Maltese ; however in families, where the colour of these may be objected to, the common round white may be substi- tuted ; but is not so hardy, nor so good a root for keeping." Seed estimate. For a seed-bed four feet and a half by twenty- four feet, sown broad-cast, the plants to i;emain and be trimmed to seven inches distance from each other, half an ounce. Process of sowing. Let the ground be well broken by well digging, and neatly levelled to receive the seed. Procure bright well dried seed ; the seed may be then put into the ground either alone or mixed with sand. Precautions against thejty. " It appears from a trial of Mr. Knight, at the suggestion of Sir Humphrey Davy, that lime slaked with urine, and mixed with a treble quantity of soot, if sprinkled in with the seed at the time of sowing, will protect the seeds and germs from the ravages of the fly, but this antidote cannot be applied unless the sowing be in drills. A simpler re- medy, which has been foimd by Mr. Mean to be perfectly suc- cessful, is to steep the seed in sulphur-water, putting an ounce of sulphur to a pint of water, which will be sufficient for soaking three pounds of seed." Ahercromhie. Arch. Gorrie, a gardener of merit, tried several methods without efTect. At last he tried dtisting the rows when the plaiUs were in the seed-leaf, with quick-lime. He says, " a bushel of quick-lime is sufficient to dust over an acre of drilled Turnips ; and a boy may soon be taught to lay it on almost as fast as he could walk along the drills. If the seed-leaves are powdered in the least degree, it is sufficient ; but should rain wash the lime ofl^ before the Tur- nijis are in the secondary leaves, it may be necessary to repeat the operation if the fly begin to make its appearance." Cal. hort. mem. vol. 1. Mixing equal parts of old seed with new, and then dividing the mixture, and steeping one half of it twenty-four hours in water, has often been tried with effect and especially by farmers. By this means, four different times of vegetation are procured, and consequently four different chances of escaping the fly. Radish-seed is also frequently mixed with that of the Turnip, and the fly preferring the former, the latter is allowed to escape. Loud. cney. gard. One of the easiest methods, Mr. Neill observes, " is to sow thick, and thus ensure a sufficiency both for the fly and the crop." " But the most effectual preventive on a large scale is found in sowing late, where that can be done ; the fly in its beetle state having fed on other herbage disappears before the Turnip comes into leaf." Loud. I. c. " In the heat of summer it is of great importance to wait for rain, if the ground be too exten- sive to be properly watered ; for the fermentation, caused by copious rain, and heat, gives an extraordinary quick vegetation to the seed, which in a few days will be in the rough leaf and out of all danger from the fly. This insect is weakened or killed by drenching showers, and does no injury to the Turnip) when much rain falls. When a crop is destroyed by the fly, the ne- cessary reparation is immediately to dig, or stir the ground, and make another sowing, watering soon and occasionally afterwards, unless rain falls." Loud. I. c. Subsequent culture. " As soon as the plants have leaves about an inch broad, hoe and thin them to six or eight square inches distance, cutting up weeds. As the Turnips increase in the root, a part may be drawn by progressive thinnings, so as to leave those designed to reach a full size idtimately ten or twelve square inches. Water garden crops sometimes in hot dry weather." Taking in the crop and ])reserving it by housing. In succes- sive crops begin to draw as directed abo^e in a thinning order, that such others as are coming forward may have room to enlarge in succession, by which means a regular supply will be procured till March or April of the second season ; specific sorts being sufficiently hardy to continue good through ordinary winters. But of the winter crops for the table, draw a portion occasion- ally in November, December, or whenever there is an appearance of the frost setting in severe. Cut the tops off" close and house the roots in some lower shed or cellar, laid in sand ready for use while the ground is frozen. " Instead of cutting the top and roots close off, some prefer leaving about an inch of the top, and the whole of the root ; and, when the bulbs are kept in a sufficiently cool store, this seems preferable, as more likely to retain the sap." Abercrombie. Turnip'tops. These are to be gathered from the earlier spring- produced leaves, either from the crown or flower-stalk. They are equally good from any of the varieties, and less acrid from those of tlie Sircdish Turnip. Sometimes very late sowings are made in September and October, which never bulb, but which are preserved entirely for their produce as greens in spring. Loudon, I. c. Field Turnips. Where a family can be supplied from the field, the roots will always be found of a better flavoin-, and the same remark applies to all the culinary kinds oi Brassica, Cauli- jlomer and Brocoli excepted. Varieties commonly cultivated in the fields. These may be arranged as whites and yellows. 1 White Turnips. By far the best and most generally cultivated, is the globe, but there are also the green-topped and purple- topped, which though they do not produce so large a crop as the globe or oval, stand the winter better, and the red-topped, it is said, will keep till February. The pudding or tankard Turnip, has a white bulb which rises from eight to twelve inches high, standing almost wiioUy above the ground. It is less prolific than any of the others, and more liable to be injured by frost. 2 Yellow Turnips. There is the yellow field Turnipi, which is more hardy than the globe, and answers well for succeeding that variety in spring, as well as the Swedish Turnip, which may be preserved for consumption in June. See B. Campcstris Rutabaga. The Siberian Turnip has a bulb and a branching top, but both of inferior quality. It is said to be a hybrid between the White Swedish Turnip and field Cabbage, or between the Rape and the Cabbage. The sorts are limited by the best farmers to the white globe, yellow, and Swedish, according as early, middling, or late supplies are wanted. Choice of seed. Farmers must rely on the integrity of the seed-dealer, as it is impossible to discover by the grains whether the sorts are true. Turnip seed requires to be frequently changed, and the best is generally procured from Norfolkand Northum- berland. Those who wish to have Turnips in perfection should procure fresh seed from Norfolk every year, for after two years it degenerates. New seed is preferable to old, as it vege- tates several days sooner, and more vigorously, and it is well known that the healthy and vigorous plants escape the fly, while the stunted or sickly seldom or never escape it. Hence it would seem that plants raised from fresh or new seed are more secure from the fly than those raised from old seeds. Soil, should always be of a light description, as they can never be advantageously cultivated on wet tenacious soils, but are "-rown on all comparatively dry soils under all the variations of our climate, but even in clayey soils they are frequently cul- tivated, though on a smaller scale, to be eaten by cattle, for the li 2 Ill CRUCIFRU/E. LXXXIII. Brassica. i)urposc of aiifniiPntingand enriching the manure into which the straw of corn is converted. Climalc. Tlie climate most dcsirahle for the Turnip is cool and temperate. Turnips in the south of Europe never grow large, and a rajjid climate is disadvantageous to liie Turnip, and llie"' are accordingly found of no size in Russia, Sweden, and many parts of Nortli America. Preparing llic sail. " 'i"lie first ploughing is given with a deep furrow, soon after harvest, usually in the direction of the former rid"es, thougli if the soil be dry it is of little conse(|uence in what direction. As soon as the spring seed-time is over, a second ploughing is given across the former, and the harrows, and if necessary the rollers are set to work in order to clean and jjulverise the soil, and the weed-roots are carefully burnt or carrii d off the field to form a comj)Ost, usually with lime. The land tlun generally undergoes a third ploughing, and weed-roots carried off as before, again harrowed well, sometimes also rolled. It is next laid up in ridgelets from 27 to 30 inches wide, either with the common swing plough, or one with two mould-boards which forms two sides of a ridgelet at once. Well rotted dung at the rate of 12 or 15 tons per acre, this is spread equally over the ground. Tlie plough immediately follows, and reversing the ridgelets forms new ones over the dung, and the dri'.l-barrow, commonly one that sows two drills at once, drawn by one horse, deposits the seeds as fast as the new drills are formed. This machine has usu.ally two rollers, one tliat goes before the sowing .•ipparatns and levels the pointed tops of the ridgelets, an(l another that follows, for the purpose of compressing the soil and covering the sted. Ground cannot be made too rich for the Tuinip. for in fact the weight of the crop depends upon its con- dition in this respect." Time of sowing. " The several varieties are somewhat differ- ent ; the .Swedish should he put in earliest, and then the yellow, i)Otli of them in the nionlh of .May. But as these kinds are nnich less extensively cultivated than the globe, the month of .lunc is the principal seed-time. In the southern counties. Tur- nips are frecpiently sown in August after peas, wheat, or tares. 'I'lie crop, however, is alw.ays light, and only fit to be eaten down by sheep in spring, or to send their tops to market as greens. After a crop of hotspur peas, sold green for the London market, the land is well cleansed with the horse-hoe, and upon once ploughing Turnips are sown, and when the plants first appear, the field receives a light top dressing of soot, ashes. Sec. : tliis has a good effect in preserving the plants from the depredation of the fly." Mode of sowing, in all the best cultivated districts is on raised drills, for sowing broad-cast, or even sowing in rows on a flat surface, is never found to answer. After eullure. The turnip farmer, as soon as the Turnip has ])ut forth the rough leaf, runs a horse-hoe between the ridgelets, and cuts up the weeds on each side almost close to the ridgelets, clearing out the bottom of the interval at the same time. The hand-hoers are alivays set to work as soon as ])ossihle after, and the plants are left about !) inches apart or more. A few days after this a small swing plough enters the intervals between the rows, and taking a furrow slice ofl' each side, forms a smaller ridgiht in the middle. If the weeds siill arise in groat abund- ance, the horse-hoe may be emi)loyed again ; otherwise, the next operation is to go over thein a second time with the hand-hoe, when the intermediate ridge is levelled. When no more manual labour is necessary, a small j)lough with two mould-boards is employed to lay up the earth to the sides of the ])lants, leaving the ridgelet the same form as when sown, which finishes the process. Use of Turnips. They are either eaten by sheep on the spot, lotted off by means of hurdles or nets that they may be regularly consumed in grass fields or fold-yards ; when the weather is wet or the fields are moist, wlien the sheep ought not to be allowed to lie on the field. Eating Turnips on the spot is of great adv.intage both in manuring and consolidating the ground. Turnips are also used for feeding cattle and sometimes milch cows, but the far greater part, wherever they are extensively cultivated, by sheep. The .Swedish and yellow Turnip are eaten greedily by horses, and afl'ords a very nutritive and salutary food along with hay or straw for working stock. During severe frost 'Turnips become so hard that no animal can eat them ; in this case lav them in running water, which effectually thaws them : or placed in close feeding-houses, the Turnips intended for next day's use may be stored up over night in one end of the building, and the w armtli of the animals will thaw them sufficiently by morning. But in those months when frosts are severe, it is always advisalde to have a few days' consumption in tlie turnip barn. It is necessary to slice with a spade or chopping-knife, or crush them by means of a heavy wooden mallet, for sheep and young cattle in their first year towards spring, when the loosening and shedding of their teeth render them unable to bie.ak the large roots. A wine is said to be made from the Turnip by the London manufacturers of imitations of foreign wine. A kind of bread is also said to be made of the Turnip. Sir Humphrey Davy has proved that Turnips contain 42 parts in 1000 of nutritive matter, of which 7 were mucilage, 31- sugar, and 1 gluten. Swedish Turnips afforded G4 parts of nutritive matter in 1000, of which 'J were starch, 51 sugar, 2 gluten, and 2 extract. " To raise plants for seed the usual mode is to select the most approved specimens at the season when they are full grown, and either remove all others from the field, and le.ive them to shoot into flower-stems next year, or transplant them to a place l)y themselves, where they will be secure from the farina of others of their genus. In either case, they must be protected by earthing up from winter's frost." The diseases and injuries to which Turnips are liable are various. At their first a])pearancc the leaves are liable to the attacks of the fly (^Aphi.s and Chrijsumcla, Lin.) of the cater- pillar (Pn^ii/io Hoc/i/n, &c. Lin.) of the slug (/,/iimj-, Lin.) and of mildew. Their roots arc attacked by worms of various kinds ; by a singular tendency to monstrosity, known provinci.illy by the names of fingers and toes ; by the ambury : by canker, and by wasting or gangrene from water or frost. Of all or most of these injuries or diseases, it m.ay be observed that they neither admit of ]>revention or cure by art, but under favorable circum- stances of soil, climate, culture, and weather t'ey seldom occur, and therefore ail that the cultivator can do is to prepare .and H'anure his land projjcrly ; and in the sowing season supply water when the weather is dry or the soil deficient in humidity. 4 B. na'i'Ls (Lin. spec. 931.) leaves smooth, of a greyish- glaucous-hue, radical ones lyrate, stem ones pinnatifid and cre- nated, uppermost ones cordate-lanceolate, clasping the stem ; siliques divaricate-spreading. $ . H. Native country not known. Cultivated in fields. It is to be found almost natu- ralized in waste ground and on ditch banks in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 214C. Schr.ink. fl. mon. 3. t. 218. Sinapis N.ipus, Brot. 11. lus. 1. p. 586. • A. oleij'vra (D. C. syst. 2. p. 592.) root slender $ . H. B. oleifera, Moench. meth. 253. B. Napus, Nestl. — Naictle d'/iiver Naictle, ItdbeKe (Fr.) Ruben, Heps, liinler Reps, (Germ.) Rape, Nneen; Coleseed, fl'inler \aielle (Eng-) — Lob. icon. t. 200. f. 2. Rape, \avetle, (I'V.) Rulisanien, (Germ.) Naba Sylieslre, (Ital.) This is the British Rape, or Colsat. It is distingtiished from the Colsat or Colsai of the continent, by the smoothness of its leaves, the other being hispid. It woidd be desirable, De Candolle observes, if all cultivators woidd examine whether CRUCIFER^. LXXXIII. Bbassica. 245 the plant they cultivate is Bidssica Campislris olei/era, or the Bidssica Napus ulcifcra, which can easily he ascertained hy the roughness or smoothness of the leaves. Experiments made by Gaujac shew the produce of the first, compared to that of the second, to be 955 to 700, (Hort. trans. 5. p. 2^.) " For its leaves, as food for sheep, and its seeds for the oil manufacturers, Rape, or Coleseed, has been cidtivated from time immemorial. It may be grown by sovving broad-cast, or in rows, like the com- mon turnip, or transplanted like the Swedish turnip. The culture of Rape for seed has been much objected to by some, on account of the great degree of exhaustion of the land that it is supposed to produce. But where it is grown on a suitable soil and pre- paration, with proper attention in the after-culture, and the straw and ottal, instead of being burnt, as is the common prac- tice, converted to the purpose of feeding or littering cattle, it mav in many instances be as proper and advantageous a crop as can be emploj'ed by the farmer. The soils best suited for the culture of Rajic are the deep, rich, dry and kindly soils. Young s.iys that on open fen and peat soils, and bogs, it thrives well, and especially on pared and burned land, which is the best pre- paration for it ; but it may be grown with success on fenny, marshy, and other coarse waste lands, that have been long imder grass, after being broken, and reduced into a proper state of pre- paration. As a first crop, on such description of land, it is often the best that can be employed. The author of the \eiv Fanner's Calendar thinks that this plant is not perhaps worth attention on any but rich and deep soils ; for instance, those luxuriant slips that are found by the sea-side, fens, or newly broken up grounds, where vast crops of it may be raised." The land on which the Rape is to be sown needs nothing more than a deep ploughing, and sufficient harrowing to bring the surface to a fine mould, in February or March, immediately before sowing, or in July, or after the hay-crop if the sowing is deferred to that season. When sown on old tillage-land, the method of preparation is the same as that which is usually given for the common turnip. Wheat is considered the best crop to follow Rape : by its being taken off early there is sufficient time allowed for getting the land in order for sowing wheat. The time of sowing /?a; e is the same as that for the turnip, and the manner, either broad-cast or in rows. Where the object is tlie keep of sheep in autumn or winter, by eating it down, the broad-cast method, and thick sowing, is evidently the best, and is that generally resorted to in Lincolnshire and the fenny districts. The quantity of seed, when sown thick, may be a peck an acre ; but when drilled, or sown thin, two or tliree pounds will suffice. Vacancies may always be filled up by transplanting. The season for trans- planting is soon after harvest. One deep ploughing is sufficient, and a sufficient degree of harrowing : the plants are then dib- bled in rows a foot apart, and the plants six inches asunder. These will not be so strong as those sown in June or July, where they are to run to seed. The seed-beds where the plants are to be obtained for transplanting, should be sown in June or July. The after-cultvire is the same as that for the turnip, which consists in hoeing and thinning. In poor soils they may be left at 6 or 8 inches apart, but in rich soil 12 or 15 inches. When Rape is grown purposely for feeding sheep, no hoeing nor thinning is necessary. The seeds begin to ripen about the last week of June, and must then be protected from birds. In harvesting Rape great care is necessary not to lose the seed by shaking, or by exposing it to high winds or rain. It is reaped with the hook, and the principal point is to make good use of fine weather, for it must be threshed as fast as reaped, or at least without being stacked like other crops. The use oi Rape-seed for crushing for oil is well known : it is also employed as food for tame birds, and sometimes it is sown by gardeners in the same way as mustard or cress, for early salading. Rape-cake, and Rape-dust, the first adhering masses of seed-husks after the oil has been expressed, and the second loose dry husks, are used for top-dressings for crops of diffi'rent sorts, but it has little or no effect if rain does not immediately follow after it has been scattered on tlie ground. Tiie haulm is used as hay, and the tops are eaten with avidity nearly equal to cut straw. The green leaves, as food for sheep, are scarcely surpassed by any other vegetable, in so far as respects its nutritious properties ; but in quantity it is inferior to both turnips and cabbages. The sheep are folded upon Rape in the same manner as practised with turnips, from November to April. Rape is cultivated in gardens as a small salad herb, to be gatliered young in the seed-leaves, and used as cresses and mus- tard. Like these it has a warm flavour, and is recommended as a stomachic. This plant is very generally cidtivated in the eastern parts of France. " Culture for small salading. Sow at the same time with cresses Leptdlum Sativum mustard, Sindpis dlba, in spring and winter, or at any season when small salading is required. Sow in drills, and follow the culture directed for White Mustard." * B. escui.e'nta (D. C. 1. c.) root fusiform, thickened under the neck. Lob. icon. 200. f. 1. — Bauh. hist. 2. p. S12. icon. — Mor. oxon. 2. p. 214. sect. 3. t. 2. f. 1. This plant is usually confused with the Swedish turnip and the common turnip. Far. a, dlba; (D.C. syst. 2. p. 593.) root white, esculent. N^pus dulcis. Blackw. herb. t. 410. This is the most common variety. Far. pj,Jldva; (D. C. 1. c.) root yellow, esculent. Var. y, nigricans; (D. C. 1. c.) root with a black skin, esculent. " The Navew, Naeel, Chou Navet, or French turnip, Dickson ob- serves, (Hort. trans, vol. I.) enriches all the foreign soups. Stewed in gravy it forms a most excellent dish, and being white, and of the shape of a carrot, when mixed alternately with those roots upon a dish, it is very ornamental. In France, as well as Ger- many, few great dinners are served up without it in one shape or other." " In using it there is no necessity to cut away the outer skin, or rind, in which, indeed, the flavour chiefly resides ; scraping it will be quite sufficient." Justice observes, (Brit, gard. direct, p. 159.) that it is neither fit to be boiled alone, nor raw, but that two or three of them, in seasoning, will give a higher flavour than a dozen of any common turnips. " The great advantage attending the cidtivation of this root is, that it requires no manure whatever ; any soil that is poor and light, especially if sandy, suits it, where it seldom exceeds the size of one's thumb or middle finger ; in rich manured earth it grows much larger, but it is not so sweet, or good in quality." Justice and Dickson. Sowing broad-cast, in the way of Turnips, is the way of cultivating the Navet. Rape or Coleseed. Fl. April, June. Clt.? PI. 2 to 3 feet. 5 B. PRiE'cox, (Waldst. et Kit. ined. D. C. syst. 2. p. 593.) leaves smooth, covered with greyish-glaucous bloom ; radical and lower stem-leaves lyrate, upper stem-ones cordate-lanceo- late, stem-clasping, crenated ; pods erect. 0. H. Culti- vated throughout middle Europe, in fields in the mountains. Navette d'ete (Fr.) Kohl Reps, Summer Reps (Germ.). Flow- ers sulphur-coloured. The summer Navette is less cultivated than the Coleseed, being less prolific, the seeds being much smaller. It is chiefly cultivated on hilly ground, where the winter Navette will not grow. Being an annual it is sown in the spring and reaped in the autumn. Earl >/ Coleseed. Fl. Aug. Clt.? PI. 2 feet. 6 B.'Cre'tica (Lam. diet. 1. p. 747.) stem shrubby at the base ; leaves ovate-roundish, crenated, stalked, smooth. T; . F. Native of Crete, as well as in all the islands of the Archipelago, in the fissures of rocks. Smith, fl. graec. t. 615. Flowers race- mose. Similar to B. olerdeea. Stem a foot high, dividing into 2 or 3 short thick branches at the top. Cretan Cabbage. Fl. April, May. Shrub 2 ft. 24G CRUCIFERiE. LXXXIII. Brassica. 7 B. Ciiine'nsis (Lin. ama?n. I. p. 280.) hcrl)accous ; leaves oval, almost quite entire, Horal ones lanceolate, clasping the stem ; calyx lon-jer than the claws of the petals. S . H. Native of China. B. violacea, Biirm. fl. iiul. p. 1 10 ? Stem tall, erect, branched ; the wliole plant rather glaucous. Flowers yellow or violet. Chinese Cabbage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1770. PI. 3 to 4 ft. 8 B. viola'cea (Lin. spec. 0^2.). herbaceous ; leaves ovate- lanceolate, glabrous, undivideil, toothed ; sepals and ovaries villous ; pedicels furnished with bracteas. $ . H. Native of China. Racemes terminal. Flowers whitish-purple, reticulated ; petals twice the length of the calyx. A'io/ac< oMs-flowered Cabbage. Fl. May, June. PI. 2 feet. 9 B. Mageli,a'nica(Juss. ined. Pers.ench. 2. p. 207.) herba- ceous ; leaves glabrous, pectinately jjinnate-parted ; flowering racemes rather corymbose. ^ ? H. Native of the Straits of Magellan. Petals obovate, apparently white, about the size of those of D. Clic'tranlhos. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 85. Magellan Cabbage. PI. 2 feet ? 10 B. Helenia'na (Bureh. fl. s(. hcl. ined. no. 128.) herba- ceous ; leaves lyrately-pinnate, rather scabrous, radical ones with 9 or 10 pairs of leaflets, stem-ones with 1 or 2 pair ; terminal lobes very large. $ . H. Native of the island of St. Helena, in moist situations in the valley called Arno's Vale, near Long- wood. Hoot twisted, slender. Stem ascending, branclied. Flowers white or puri)le, veined with black. Perhaps a species of lidphanus. St. Helena Cabbage. PI. 2 feet. 1 1 B. villosa (Biv. ex Spreng. syst. Jjpp. p. 243.) suffruti- cose, villous ; leaves all stalked, lyrate, and toothed. Flowers panicled ; sepals erect ; pods somew luit tetragonal. ^ . F. Native of Sicily. yillvus Cabbage. PI. 2 foot. 12 B. inca'na (Tenor, app. hort. nap. cat. p. 59.) plant clothed w ith hoary soft down ; lower leaves stalked, lyrate ; ter- minal lolje large, toothed ; stem suH'ruticose at the base ; siliques smooth, 5-tinics longer than the beak. \j . F. Native of Goat's Islands, and near Na])les, and on the higher mountains of Sicily, on rocks. Flowers pale-yellow. Hoarij Cabbage. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2 ft. 13 B. Balla'kica (Pers. ench. 2. p. 200.) plant smooth; lower leaves stalked, sinuated, somewhat fiddle-shaped, rather fleshy ; stem suffruticose at the base ; siliques 5-times longer than the beak. I? . H. Native of the Balearic islands, and on the red rock at Nice. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 8C. B. senipcr- virens, Schrank hort. mon. t. 10. Stem branched. Leaves re- sembling those of oak. Flowers pale yellow. Perhaps a spe- cies of /iVMCf/. Balearic Cahhagc. Fl. May, Jidy. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2 ft. 14 B. GiiAviN;^ (Tenor, app. jirim. cat. hort. nap. p. 59. fl. neap. t. C2.) plant covered with hispid pul>cscence ; lower leaves oblong, runcinate, with the teeth or lobes entire ;uul acute; calyx spreading ; silicpies glabrous. 1/ . H. Native of Naples, on the mountains in Abruz/.o. Caudex radiciform, suf- frutesccnt, short. Stem annual, erect, branched a little. Flow- ers yellow. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed. Grni ;««'.v Cabl)age. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. PI. 2 ft. 15 B. uY'iminA (Tenor, prod. fl. nap. p. 59.) stem shrubby at the base, smooth above, leafy ; leaves smooth ; lower ones lyrate, denticulated, upper ones somewhat hastate, sessile ; pe- dicels very short; calyx coloured, closed. I;. H. Native of Naples. Flowers yellow. Hybrid Cabbage. PI. 2 feet. 10 B. i'innati'eida (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 95. t. IGG.) leaves pinnatiful, glabrous ; lobes lanceolate, serrated ; rilis and petioles rather hairy ; siliques somewhat tetragonal. if . II. Native of Mauritania and .Spain. Stem branched, hairy at the base. Flowers the size and colour of those of B. olerueea. /'inHrt<(/iJ-leaved Cabbage. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 17 B. lyra'ta (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 90. t. 16C.) leaves his- pid, radical ones lyrate, stem ones deeply toothed ; calyx and siliques hispid ; stem ascendant. ©? H. Native of the north of Africa, in sandy deserts. Stems numerous from the same tuft, simple or branched, his])id. Flowers small, violaceous, reticulated. Habit o( Dij.lolaj-is erucohles. Li/rale-havcd Cabbage. Fl. in the water. PI. ^ foot. 18 B. iiu'milis (D. C. syst. 2. p. 598.) leaves all radical, fleshy, pinnatifid ; lobes entire, bearing hairs at their apex ; scapes naked ; siliques s|)reading, tapering to the base, termi- nated by a thickisli style, y.. II. Native near Montpelier. Sisj'mhrium repandum /3, D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 02. Root long, hard, with numerous naked scapes rising from it. Flow- ers yellow. //»mjWc Cabbage. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. PI. | foot. 19 B. repa'nda (D. C. syst. 2. p. 598.) leaves all radical, fleshy, glabrous, repand-toothed ; scapes naked ; style slender, distinct from the siliipie. "H.. H. Native of Daiiphiny, Pied- mont, and Provence, on mountains in exposed situations. Sisy'm- brium Monense, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 350. t. 39. S. repandum, Willd. spec. 3. p. 497. Verv like the preceding in habit. Re2)and-lea\ed Cabbage. "Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. J ft. i^ECT. II. Ervca'strvm (altered from Eritca.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 598. ])iod. 1. p. 210. Sili(|ues sessile, ending in a conical beak wliicli contains 1-2 seeds at the base. 20 B. UiciiE Rii (Vill. dauph. 3. p. 331. t. HG.) loaves smooth, lower ones oblong, somewliat toothed, stalked, upper ones linear-lanceolate, few. %. H. Native of the Alps of Pied- mont, Dauphiny, and Provence, in stony me.adows. All. ped. no. 967. t. 58. f. 1 and 70. f. 2. Root hard, twisted, woody, with inuncrous annual stems rising from the neck. Flowers yellow, verv like those of B. olcracea. Ric/icr's 'Cahhage. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot. 21 B. !Mone'nsis (Huds. angl. 291.) leaves smooth, rather fleshy, and somewhat glaucous, pinnatifld ; lobes linear, distant, toothed. If.. H. Native on the sandy sea-coast, plentiful on the coast of Cumberland and in Walney Island. Anglesea but rare, also near Liverpool. In the isles of Bute, Arran, and Man, and several other parts of the western coast of Scotland, also between Dundee and Forfar. Sisymbriinn Monense, Lin. spec. ed. l.p. G58. Smith, engl. bot. 902. Liglitf fl. scot. 1 . p. 352. t. 15. Lam. ill. t. 505. f. 2. Man Rocket, Pet. herb. brit. t. 46. f. 7. Root woody, thick, with numerous stems rising from the neck. Caidine leaves very few. Racemes corymbose, 7-8-flowered. Flowers large, yellow, veined. Isle-of-J/rtM Rocket or Cabbage. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. 1 to 4 foot. 22 B. Erica'strum (Lin. spec. 932.) leaves runcinate, smootli- ish ; lobes unequal, bluntly sinuated ; stem hispid at the base. ©. H. Native of France, Italy, Switzerland, &c. in sand and among rul)bish. Bull. herb. t. 331 . .'sisymbrium Erucastrum, Vill. daiq)h. 3. p. 342. Eri'ica sylvestris, L.im. fl. fr. 2. p. 497. Eriica Erucastrum, Baunig. H. trans. 2. )). 205. Ery'sinuun Eru- castrum. Scop. earn. ed. 2. p. 27. The synonyms are very doubtful. Flowers yellow, veined. The beak of the pod is sometimes very small and 1 -seeded, sometimes without seeds. AV»cn-//7.f Rocket. 11. .lune, Aug. Clt. 1790. PI. 1 foot. 23 B. cueira'ntiujs (Vill. daupli. 3. p. 332. t. 36.) leaves stalked, hispid, pinnatifid; lobes siuuately-toothcd, oval-oblong; stem hisi)id at the base ; silicpie 4-times longer than the beak. i I II. Native of the south of France, Dauphiny, Piedmont, 1 CRUCIFER^. LXXXIII. Brassica. 217 Savoy, Switzerland, in sand on tlie banks of rivers and rivulets. Sinapis Tournelortii, All. ped. no. G92. exclusive of the sy- nonyms. Sisymbrium Monense, Gilib. elem. 2. p. ISl. Erysi- mum arvcnse, Thor. clilor. land. ^jjl. Flowers yellow. This is a very polymorphous plant. lar. /I, Sinapis reciirviita (All. ped. no. 963. t. 37.) Perhaps tliis plant is specifically distinct from the calyx, being more loose, and the beak of the pod rougher. Native of Piedmont and Mauritania on hills in exposed situations. J'ar. y, B. molilalia (D. C. fl. fr. k p. 651.) Native of the Pyrenees on the higher mountains. This plant is humble, almost stemless, and tufted. Wallfljwcr Cabbage. Fl. Ju. Sep. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 21 B. ciiEiRANTHiFLORA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 601.) radical leaves stalked, lyratcly-pinnatifid, rather hispid, cauline ones few, with entire acute lobes ; root slender ; siliques 3 times longer than the beaks. ©. H. Native of Spain, France, in sandy places. Sisymbrium Burgundiacum, Hort. taur. Raphanus cheiranthiflorus, Willd. hort. berl. 19. t. 19. Root slender, perpendicular. Stem simple. Flowers yellow. Stock-Jloncrcd CahhdLge. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1806. PI. 1 ft. 25 B. TouRNEFORTii (Gouan. ill. p. 44. t. 20. f. A.) radical leaves stalked, hairy, lyrately-pinnatitid ; lobes ovate, crenated ; silicptes twice as long as the beak. ©. H. Native of Spain and Egypt on the margins of sub-humid fields. Eriica erecta, Lag. cat. hort. madr. 1815. p. 20. Root slender, perpendicular. Stem rather hispid at the base. Flowers pale-yellow. Var. fl, B. sisijmhrioides (Fisch. in litt.) ©. H. Native of Persia about Lencheran. This plant diflfers from the species, in the habit being smaller, as well as in the leaves being pinnate ; the lobes are equal, and the terminal one is hardly larger than the lateral ones. Tournefort'sCahhage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 ft. 26 B. L.EViGATA (Lag. varied, p. 40. no. 19.) radical leaves on short stalks, hairy, runcinately-pinnatifid ; lobes acutely tootiied ; stem smooth, almost naked, siliques 4 times longer than the beak. ©? ^ . H. Native of Spain in sandy places. Root white, perpendicular. Leaves rather glaucous. Petals white, streaked with livid veins. Smoothed Cabbage. Fl. June. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot. 27 B. Valenti'na (D. C. syst. 2. p. 603.) lower leaves stalked, clothed w ith stiff hairs, pinnatifid ; lobes a little toothed, upper leaves smooth, almost entire ; pedicels shorter than the calyx; silique round, 3 times longer than the beak. ©. H. Native of Spain about ^Madrid, and in the province of Valencia. Sisy'mbriimi Valentinum, Lin. spec. 920. Eruca hispida, Cav. mss. — Barrel, icon. t. 195. f. 1. Root hard, white, branched. Flowers white. Valencia Cabbage. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 foot. 28 B. ERYSiMoi DES (Sieb. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 912.) his- pid ; stem branched ; leaves lyrate ; pods erect, beset with re- flexed hairs, crowned by a long beak. ^ ? H. Native of Egypt. Flowers pale-yellow. Erysimum-Uke Cabbage. PI. 2 feet ? 29 B. sTRiGosA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 603.) lower leaves lyrately- pinnatifid, hispid; lobes ovate, toothed, terminal one large; stem hispid at the base, with retrograde hairs ; silique 4 times longer than the beak. © ? H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sisymbrium strigosum, Thunb. prod. 109. Ery'simum scabrosum, Banks, herb. Root long, perpendicular. Stem sim- ple, a little furrowed. Flowers yellow ? Strigose Cabbage. Fl. ? PI. 1 foot. 30 B. FRUTicuLosA (Cyr. pi. rar. 2. p. 7. t. 1.) lower leaves rather pilose, lyrate ; lobes blunt, toothed, terminal one very large ; stem sufFruticose at the base, and hispid, but glabrous at the apex; siliques torose, 4 times longer than the beak. Ij . H. Native of Naples, Spain, Sicily, Greece, &c. on arid hills and in cultivated places. Sinipis radicata, Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 98. t. 167. Smith, fl. graec. t. 648. Flowers pale-yellow. This is a species apparently between Br^issica and Sinapis; it has a spread- ing calyx as in Siniipis, but the habit and fruit is that ol' Brassica. S/iriihliy Cahhixrc: Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. PI. 1* foot. 31 B. Cyreniaca (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 911.) smooth; upper leaves cordate-ovate, serrulated, stem- clasping; calyx smooth ; pod torulose ; beak tetragonal, 2-edged, obtuse. $ . H. Na- tive of Lybia or Cyreniaca. Raphanus amplexicaillis, Viv. Cyrciiian Cabbage. PI. 2 feet. 32 B. pinna'ta (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 912.) smooth; leaves pinnate ; leaflets linear, obtuse, almost entire ; pods spreading, furfuraceous, torulose, crowned by a long beak. $ . H. Na- tive of the north of Africa in the great Syrtis. Raphanus pin- nata, Viv. fl. lyb. Pinnatc-\ea.\G<\. Cabbage. PI. 2 feet? Sect. IIL Micropodium (from /jtKpoc, milcros, small, and irovc, pons, a foot ; in allusion to the siliques being seated on short pedicels.) Silique elevated above the receptacle on a short pedicle, terminated by the short slender style, which is tipped by a capitate stigma. Allied to Diploldxis, but there is only one row of seeds in each cell. 33 B. elonga'ta (Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 159.) leaves stalked, lower ones sinuately-pinnatifid, hispid, upper ones smooth, toothed ; stem smooth. $ . H. Native of Transylvania, Hun- gary, Tauria, and Caucasus, on sandy hills, and by way-sides in sterile places. Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 26. t. 28. Sinapis laevigata, Pall. ined. taur. Habl. p. 164. This species is truly difficult to class as the calyx is not closed as in Brassica, nor is it loose as in Sinapis. Flowers yellow. This species is culti- vated in Hungary for the sake of expressed oil of the seeds. The cultivation of Sinapis nigra will answer well for this plant. Elongated-ra.cemeACahh&ge. Fl. Jime, Oct. Clt. 1817. PI. 2 to 4 feet. 34 B. sabularia (Brot. phyt. p. 97. t. 43.) radical leaves rather pilose, pinnatifid or runcinate, upper ones linear; stem hispid at the base. ©. H. Native of Portugal in sandy fields, especially about Coimbra and Lisbon, also of Sardinia. Sisym- brium Parra, Lin. mant. 255. Calyx greenish-yellow ; petals yellow. This plant was supposed to have originally come from Para in Brazil, whence the Linnaean name. ,S'aH(/ Cabbage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 35 B. fra'gilis (Sieb. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 912.) smoothisii ; leaves oblong, running into the petiole, unequally toothed ; racemes elongated ; pedicels hispid ; pods erect, stipitate, crowned by the shortish thick style. $ . H. Native of Egypt. Brittle Cabbage. PI. 1 foot. f Species not sufficiently knoivn. 36 B. BUNiAs (D. C. syst. 2. p. 606.) $ ? H. Native probably of the Levant. This plant has been confused with the true Bunias oricntale, Lin. and is mixed with it in his herba- rium, but it differs from that plant in the young pods being terete, slender, and smooth, terminated by a fihform style, adidt ones oblong, crowned by a seedless conical beak. Bunias foliis retrorsum sinuatis, Lin. hort. ups. 186. The terminal lobe of the leaf is very large, and the lateral ones incline backwards ; the cauline ones are small and entire. Racemes panicled and elongated. Bunias-like Cabbage. Fl. June, Jidy. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 37 B. RECTANGULARis (Viv. append, fl. cors. in Schlecht. Linna?a 1. p. 502.) leaves rectangularly-pinnate; outer pinnae confluent ; leaflets sessile, and are as well as the segments broad- linear, deeply serrated ; claws of petals, as well as the stamens, 248 CRUCIFERiE. LXXXIII. Bhassica. LXXXIV. Sinapis. exceeding the length of the calyx ; beak compressed, equal in length to the pod, which is smooth. Native of Corsica, Flowers yellow. yf«7(JHg'i//nr-pinnate-leaved Cabbage. PI. 1 foot ? 38 B.? iii'rta (Mo-neh, siippl. p. 85.) ©. H. Native of ? Leaves smooth, rather fleshy, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, a little siniiated. Petals obcordate, emarginate, cream-coloured, with fuscous veins. Pods 4-G-sceded, hairy, crowned by a per- manent pilose style, which is rather longer than the pod. This is perhaps a species of Eiiica. Stem decumbent. I/airy Cabbage. Fl. June, July. PI, J to 1 foot long. 39? B. Fobska'hlii (Schultz, obs. p. 131. no. 101^.) © ? H. Native of? Leaves all doubly pinnatifid, strigose. Stem and calyxes hispid. Siliques erect, smooth. Petals greenish- yellow. Forskahl's Cabbage. PI. 1 foot. 40? B. i'urpuua'scens (Russ. in Schrad. journ. 1. p. 42().) S ? \\. Native .ibout Alejipo. Leaves lanceolate, pinnatifid. Stem pilose. Pods jointed, smooth, crowned by an awl-sha|)i(l elongated beak. Perhaps a species of Erucaria and is probably E. Alej pica. Purplish Cabbage. PI. 1 foot. 41 ? B. rsEu do-eruca'strum (Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. .581.) ©. or It. H. Native of Portug.il in woods. Radical leaves half a foot long, lyrately-pinnatifid. Stem-leaves glaucous, ujjperniost ones of these linear-oblong, entire. Calyx erectly-closed, pilose at the apex. Pod smooth, brownish-green, an inch and a half long, crowned by the ensiform style. Seeds globose, black. Petals pale, streaked with brown. Perhaps a species of £rMca. Falsc-E nica\trii>ii . PI. trailing. 42 B. MOSTA NA (Raf. speech. 2. p. G!).) ^. U. Native of Sicily on the Nebrodes. Shrubby ; leaves stalked, lyrately- pinnatifid, oblong, unequally toothed ; jictioles compressed. Perhaps the same as B. oleracca and B. rrclka. Tinea. Momilain Cabbage. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. > PI. 2 feet. 4.'i B. citisPA (Haf. speech. 2. p. G9.) 1- . H. Native of Sicily on the Nebrodes. Shrubby ; leaves stalked, lyrately- pinnatifid, obovate, sinuated, cm-led, obtuse, smooth ; petioles depressed. Racemes simple. Curled Cabbage. PI. 3 feet ? 41- B. macroca'upa (Gusson, fl. sic. prod, ex Schleclit. Linna:a 4. p. ,'34.) ^ . II. Native of Sicily. Habit and leaves of B. Balcarica, but the pod is almost as thick as a finger. Long-poddid Cabbage. PI. 2 feet. Cult. The culture of the common esculent species and varie- ties of this genus we have given tnider tiieir proper species above, the rest rccjuire only conuuon culture. Those species natives of the warmer parts of the world, require shelter in the winter. None of the .species are worth cultivating for ornament. LXXXIV. SINATIS {aivairi is said to be derived from the Celtic word mqi, a designation for all plants resembling the turnip or cabbage). Tourn. inst. 227. Lin. gen. no. 821. Gicrt. fruct. 2. p. 299. t. 143. D. C. syst. 2. p. U07. prod. 1. p. 217. LiK. SYST. Tctradijntim'm, Siliquosa. Silique rather terete, with nerved valves. Style small, short, acute. Seeds disposed in one row in each cell, subglobose. Calyx spreading. Herbs rarely suffrutescent, usually annual, branched, snuioth, but usually pilose, sometimes their habit is referable to Briissica, sometimes to $Si.\tji>ihrium. Leaves of various forms, lyrate, or deei)ly toothed. Racemes terminal, bractless. Flowers yellow. Seeds of most of the species acrid, as in the while and black mustard. The English name mustard is a modernization of 7iiustum urdciis, hot luust. Sect. L MELANOsisA'pisffrom /itXac, melas, black, and an avi, sinapi, nmstard, that is to say, black-mustard). D. C. syst. 2. p. C07. j)rod. 1. ]). 217. ."^ili(|ue terete, somewhat tetragonal. .Style short, small, not beak-formed. 1 S. ni'gra (Lin. spec. 933.) siliques smooth, even, some- what tetragonal, appressed to the peduncle; lower leaves lyrate, upper ones lanceolate, quite entire, stalked. ©. H. Native throughout Europe, Spain, France, Britain, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Transylvania, Greece, &c. in cultivated fields, waste grounds, and on banks by roadsides. Mart. rust. t. 51. Smith eng. hot. t. 909. Woodv. med. hot. 3. p. 409. t. 151. Horn, fl. dan. 1582. This species is easily distinguished from the rest in the leaves being pendulous, as well as in the pods being closely pressed to the rachis. Blade mustard differs materi.illy from nhite mustard in the flowers and seeds being smaller, the latter are black ; they pos- sess the same medicinal qualities, and the young plants are used for the same jiurpose. It is sometimes cidtivated in gardens, and the tender leaves used as greens early in spring, but the grand purjiose for which the plant is cultivated is for the seeds, which ground produce the well-known condiment mustard. "If the seeds," Mr. Neill observes, " be taken fresh from the plant, and ground, the powder has little pungency, but is very bitter ; by steeping in vinegar, however, the essential oil is evolved, and the powder becomes extremely pungent. In moistening mus- tard powder for the table, it may be remarked that it makes the best ap])earance when rich milk is used ; but the mixture in this case does not kee]) good for n)(ire than two days." " To raise seed for flower of nmstard and other oflncinal occa- sions, sow either in ]March or April, generally the black, or occasionally the white, in an open compartment, or large sowings in fields, where designed for public supply. Sow moderately thick either in drills six or twelve inches asunder, or broad-cast, after the ground has been properly ploughed and harrowed, and rake or harrow in the seed. When the plants are two or three inches high, hoe or thin them moderately, where too thick, and clear them from weeds. They will soon nm up to stalks, and in .Inly, August, or September, return a crop of seed ripe for gathering ; heing tied up into sheaves and left three or four days on the stubble. It is then stacked in the field. It is remarked that rain damages it. Black mustard is an exhausting crop, but profitable when the soil answers, and especially in breaking up rich loamy lands, as it comes ofl' earlier than nhile mustard, and allows time f )r preparing the soil for wheat. This i)lant is cid- tivated to great extent in Durham. The seed of the black mustard, like the charlock, is dilficult to extirpate, for it will remain in the ground if buried to the depth of 3 or I inches for ages without germinating until it is raised to the surface. The black mustard is exclusively used for grinding into flower of mustard, and the black husks of the seeds are separated by very delicate machinery. The French either do not attenqit or do not succeed in separating the husks, as their nmstard when brought to table is always black. It is, however, more pungent than ours, becavise the quality resides chiefly in the husk. The constituents of mustard appear to be chiefly starch, nuu'ous, a bland fixed oil, an acrid viilatile oil, and an anmioniaeal salt. Var. fi, loru/usa (Pers. ench. 2. p. 207.) leaves broad, has- tately-lobed, upper ones ovate, rep;md ; silique torulose. Var. y, tiirgida (Pers. ench. 2. p. 207.) leaves lobed, re- pand.auriculaie at the base ; jjods turgid, veiny, appressed, with a conical striated beak. I'ar. c, fillvsa (.Merat. fl. par. p. 265.) lower leaves ovate, toothed, somewhat sinuated, smooth, upper ones lanceolate ; pods villous. ©. H. Native of France. S. incana, Thuil. fl. par. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 343. but not of Lin. CRUCIFER.T:. LXXXIV. Sinapis 249 I'ar. c, livvigata (Buim. prod. fl. cap. p. 18.) leaves and stem siuootli. Blark Mustard. Fl. June, July. Britain. PL 1 to 2 feet. 2 S. genicui-a'ta (Desf. atl. 2. p. 98.) pods pubescent, stri- ated, somewhat tetragonal, appressed to the rachis, each ter- minated by a jointed mucrone ; lower leaves lyrate, upper ones lanceolate. ©. H. Native of Mauritania, in corn-fields. This plant differs from .S". nigra, which it is very like, in the pods being slenderer, and pubescent. /owierf-podded Mustard. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819. Pl.ltoSft. 3 S. RETRORSA (Biirch. cat. geogr. afr. austr. no. 4215.) pods smooth, spreading ; leaves lyrately-pinnatifid ; lower lobes in die form of stipulas, and are, as well as the stem, pubescent from api)ressed and reflexed hairs. ^. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stem erect, branched from the base, angidar, purplish. Very like S. nigra. Boil-bacJc-ha'ucd Mustard. PL 2 feet. 4 S. Oliveria'na (D. C. syst. 2. p. 609.) pods smooth, erectish ; leaves lyrately-pinnatifid ; lobes acute, terminal lobe pinnatifid, in the upper ones linear. (J. H. Native of Persia, between Teheran and Hispahan. Flowers white, the size of those of Rdpltanus. Stem hispid at the base. Olirer's Mustard. PL 2 feet. 5 S. leptope'tai.a (D. C. syst. 2. p. CIO.) pods smooth, spreading ; petals linear ; leaves runcinately-pinnatifid, hispid in the petiole ; young branches hispid. !{.? G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow ; petals hardly longer than the calyx. Deless. icon. seL 2. t. 87. Root thick, per- pendicular. Stem much branched. Slcnder-jictaUed Mustard. PL 2 feet. 6 S. amplexicau'lis (D. C. syst. 2. p. 610.) pods smooth, spreading, shorter than the pedicel ; leaves stem-clasping, ob- long, almost entire. ©. H. Native of Algiers, on hills. Si- symbrium amplexicaiile, Desf. atl. 2. p. 81. t. 153. Seeds small, rufescent, ovate-globose. Stem rather hairy at the base. Stein-clasinng-\ea.\eA Mustard. Fl. Ju. July. PL 1 foot. Sect. II. Ceratosina'pis (from K^paQ, keras, a horn, and ai- vairi, sinapi, mustard; pods) D. C. syst. 2. p. 611. prod. 1. p. 218. Silique crowned by a seedless conical beak. 7 S. lanceola'ta (D. C. syst. 2. p. 611.) smooth; lower leaves rather lyrate ; lower lobes small, tooth-like, terminal one large, and deeply toothed ; upper leaves linear-lanceolate, entire. ©. H. Native of Santa Cruz, and Guadaloupe. Raphanus lan- ceolatus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 5G2. S. integrifolia. Vest, ex Willd. Lanceolate-leaved Mustard. PL 1^ foot. 8 S. laevigata (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 281.) smooth; leaves stalked, lyrately-pinnate-parted ; lobes acutely-toothed, terminal one large ovate ; petioles not auricled at the base ; upper leaves linear, almost entire. Q. H. Native of Spain, Portugal, and Sicily. S. cernua, Poir. diet. 4. p. 342. S. virgata, Presl. del. prag. Erucastrum virgatum and E. oleraceum, Presl. ex Spreng. Silique 3-times longer than the pedicel. Smoothed Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1769. PL 1 to 2 ft. 9 S. auricula'ta (D. C. syst. 2. p. 611.) smooth; petioles auriculately stem-clasping at the base ; leaves sublyrate, some- what auricled ; upper leaves linear, almost entire. Q. H. Na- tive of? S. laevigata, Poir. diet. 4. p. 344. EaredAeayed Mustard. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1800. PL 2 feet. 10 S. INTEGRIFOLIA (Willd. hort. berol. t. 14.) smooth ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, undivided, acutely-toothed ; siliques erectish, torose, tipped by the awl-shaped style. ©■ H. Native of the East Indies and China. This plant is perhaps not suffi- ciently distinct from the following. E7ilirc-leaied Mustard. Fl. Jvu July. Clt. 1820. Pl.lito2ft. lis. ju'ncea (Lin. spec. 934.) smooth ; lower leaves ovate- VOL. I. PART III. lanceolate, deeply serr.-itcd, up])er ones lanceolate, entire ; branches fascicled ; pods erectish, ])()iTited by the awl-sliaped style. ©. H. Native of China and Egypt. Cnltivated ex- tensively in China and Cochin-China. Jacq. vind. t. 171. S. brassicata. Lour. fl. coch. ed. Willd. 2. p. 485. S. nigra of Forsk. ex Delil. ill. no. 604. Very like S. brassicatri, but the canlino leaves are not dilated into stem-clasping auricles at the base. Riishij Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1782. PL 1 to 2 feet. 12 S. CiiiNENSis (Lin. mant. 95.) leaves deeply pinnatifid; lobes toothed, with the nerves on the under surface rather hairy ; pods erectish, acmninated with the style. ^ . ©. H. Native of China. Cultivated both in China and Cochin-China for the sake of its seed, which is ground into Mustard, as well as being made into a sinapism. Stem furrowed slightly Ard. specini. 1. p. 23. t. 10. Flowers very like those of S. jiincea. C/iinese Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1782. PL 1 to 2 feet. 13 S. brassica'ta (Lin. syst. nat. 3. p. 231.) smooth ; canline leaves cordate, stem-clasping, oblong, nearly entire, lower ones lyrately-pinnatifid ; siliques spreading, terminated by a conical beak. Q. H. Native of China, liahit of Bra ssica olcriicca, glaucous. Perhaps the same as ar. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 3,'J3. ;;«// or Sand-Mustard. Fl. July, Sept. Britain. PI. 1 ft. 10 U. Barrelie" Ri (D. C. syst. 2. p. 634.) pods sessile, erect, crowned by a short, somewhat filiform style ; radical leaves run- cinate, toothed, hispid ; stem naked, erect, smooth at the top. ©. H. Native of Spain about Madrid, and perliaps of Italy. Sisymbrium Barrelieri, Lin. spec. 919. — Barrel, obs. p. 44. t. 1016. Stem branched. Leaves rosulate. Flowers yellow, but when dry whitish. ^arre/ier'i Sand-Mustard. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1770. PI. 1 ft. 11 D. scAPo'sA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 635.) pods sessile, erect, crowned by a short somewhat filiform style ; radical leaves smooth, oblong, pinnatifid, with short entire lobes ; stems naked, very short. © ? H. Native of the Island Lampedosa. A small, smooth, many-stemmed herb. Scapes sometimes shorter, sometimes longer than the leaves. Calyx smooth. Petals obo- vate, yellow. Seeds small, orbicular. ;5'cny;e-stemmed Sand-Mustard. PI. J foot. 12 D. vimi'nea (D. C. syst. 2. p. 635.) pods sessile, erect; style short, filiform ; radical leaves lyrate, very blunt, smooth ; stem naked, somewhat decumbent. ©. H. Native of vineyards, cultivated, and sandy places ; in France about Paris, Dauphiny, Montpelier, Provence ; Italy, Naples, and Sicily about Agri- gentum. Sisymbrium vimineum, Lin. spec. 919. S. pumilum, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 516. S. vineale. Gat. fl. mont. 120.— Bocc. sic. 19. t. 10. A small, smooth herb, like D.murale. Flowers small, yellow. — Mor. oxon. 2. p. 229. no. 8. sect. 3. t. 5. f. 8. Tji/n-^y Sand-Mustard. Fl. May, July. Clt.? PI. decumb. 13 D. saxa'tilis (D. C. syst. 2. p. 636.) pods erect, sessile, tapering to the base ; style short, conical ; radical leaves pinnate- lobed, thickish, with entire lobes; stems almost naked, erect. 1/. H. Native of Spain, Piedmont, and Tauria oh rocks. Si- symbrium Monense, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 918. but not of his first edition. S. saxatile. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 517. S. repandum, Poir. diet. 7. p. 209. S. Monense, var. Gerardi, Smith, in Rees' cyclop. S. murale and S. vimineum, Bieb. fl. taur. ex suppl. p. 439. S. Valentinum, Juss. herb. Root thick. Stem either naked or leafy at the base. Calyx smooth. Flowers yellow. Rock Sand-Mustard. Fl. Juiie, July. Clt. ? PI. i to i ft. 14 D. ramosi'ssima (Spreng. neu. entd. 3. p. 52.) pods erect, crowned by a short, terete style ; leaves all lanceolate, elongated, and nearly sessile, quite smooth and quite entire. !{.. H. Na- tive of? Siliques terete, on long stalks. Muck-branched Sand-Mustard. PI. 1 foot. 15 D. si'mplex (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 914.) stem almost naked, smooth ; radical leaves oblong-linear, remotely toothed ; cauline leaves few, linear, entire ; beak of pod filiform, crowned by a capitate stigma. ©. H. Native of the north of Africa. Sisym- brium simplex, Viv. fl. lyb. Flowers yellow. /S'im2j/e-stemmed Sand-Mustard. PI. 1 foot. 16 D. sETo^sA (n. C. syst. 2. p. 699.) 11 . H. Native of the Pyrenees. Turritis setosa, Lapeyr. abr. suppl. 93. Root per- pendicular. R:idical leaves niunerous, erect, ruucinate, otbers profoundly toothed, and others pinnatifid. Stem n.iked. Flowers capitate, crowded. Calyx erect, closed, purplish. Petals yel- low, narrow, with long claws, nevertheless they are sliorter than the stamens. Pods long, terete, smooth, truncate. The whole plant is clotbed with white bristles, intermixed with white hairs. Bristly Sand-iMustard. PI. 1 foot. Cult. None of these plants are worth cultivating except in general collections. The perennial species can be increased by dividing the plants at the root or by seeds. The seeds of the annual and biennial kinds only require to be sown in the open ground. They will all grow under any circumstances. LXXXVII. ERU'CA(said to be from uro, to burn; because the seeds have an acrid burning taste, and when applied to the skin occasion blisters.) Tourn. inst. 227. t. 111. D. C. syst. 2. p. 636. prod. 1. p. 223. — Euzonium, Link. enum. 2. p. 174. Lin. syst. Tetradynamia, Siliquosa. Silique terete, crowned by a large ensiform or conical style. Seeds globose, disposed in a single row in each cell. Calyx erect, equal at the base. An- nual erect branching herbs, with pinnate-lobed leaves, erect ter- minal racemes of flowers, which are white or yellow, and beauti- fully reticulated with brown veins. 1 E. SATiVA (Lam. fl.fr. 2. p. 496.) leaves lyrately-pinna- tifid, w ith toothed aeule lobes ; stem hairy ; pedicels shorter than the deciduous calyx. ©. H. Native of cultivated fields and by way-sides in the north of Africa, Spain, Portugal, France, Switzerland, Italy, and Greece. E. fceHida, Mocnch. meth. 256. E. grandillora, Cav. preel. p. 426. Sinapis Eruca, Clairv. herb, val. 220. Brassica Eriica, Lin. spec. 932. Smith, fl. graec. t. 646 and t. 647.— Lob. icon. 204. f. 1.— Chabr. sciagr. 276. f. A very polymorphous plant ; it is sometimes smooth, some- times hairy, from 3 inches in height to 2 feet, and the flowers are very variable in colour. Perliaps numerous species are con- fused under the head of varieties. The whole herb is acrid to the taste, and has a strong disagreeable smell when bruised. The seeds are very acrid, and blister when bruised and applied to the skin ; they are also reckoned sialagogue andaphrodisiacal. Far. a ; flowers white ; pods smooth. Brassica Eruca, Blackw. herb. 242. Jar. jS ; flowers white ; pods pilose. Far. y ; flowers yellow ; pods smooth. Brassica Eriica, Bull, herb. t. 313. Sehkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1870. t. 186. Far. c ; flowers yellow ; pods pilose. Brassica Eruca, Var. /l. Smith, fl. grsec. t. 646, and 647. Far. £ ; flowers pale ; pods smooth and turgid. Brassica turgida, Pers. ench. 2. p. 207. J^ar. Z ; stem smooth ; pods hispid. Brassica erucokles, Horn, hort. hafn. 2. p. 621. I'ar. 7] ; stem and pods smooth. Sinapis exotica. Hort. Garden Rocket (Eng.) Roquetle culthee. La Rocket desJar- dins (Fr.). Raiikette (Germ.) Ruccola (Ital.). This plant has been known in Britain since 1573. When in flower, in July, it has a strong peculiar smell, almost fetid. This plant is now neglected in Britain, but is still in use m several places on the continent, where the leaves and tender stalks are used as salad ingredients, and form an agreeable addi- tion to Mustard and Cress early in spring. The seeds should be sown in a warm border, early in February, and again in March and April, for successive crops. Thin the plants after they have produced the first rough leaves, to 3 or 4 inches apart, and keep them clear of weeds. If a supply is desired throughout the year, monthly sowings may be made. They will produ'ce abundance of seed in August : for this purpose allow a 254 CRUCIFER.T;. LXXXVII. Eruca. LXXW III. Vllla. LXXXIX. Boiivm. XC. Carkiciitera. XCI. Slccowia. few of the stronti(in Savignya. Fl. in its native country in the winter. PI. f foot. Cult. This pretty little annual is well adapted for ornament- ing rock-work, where the seeds should be sown, or they may be sown in the open border in a light sandy soil. Tribe XIV. PSYCHI'NEvE (plants agreeing with Psycliine in many im- portant characters,) or ORTHOPLO'CEiE (see sub-order III.) ANGUSTISE'PTjE (angusliis, narrow, and se^Jtum, a parti- tion ; dissepiment narrow.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 643. prod. 1. p. 224. Silicle with keeled (f. 47. j.) or navicidar valves, and with a very narrow dissepiment. Seeds compressed. Cotyledons folded together (f. 45./. ;".). A very distinct tribe, bearing fruit almost like those of Thldspi, Capsella, or /Ethionhna, and with flowers and cotyledons like Brassica. XCIII. SCHO'UWIA (in honour of J. Fred. Schouw, a Danish botanist.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 643. prod. 1. p. 224. Lin. syst. Tetradynamia, Sdiculdsa. Silicle oval ; valves with a narrow wing running through the whole length of the back. A branched, annual, smooth herb. Leaves and flowers almost like those of Morictindia arvensis. Silicles like those of Thldspi. Style and seeds like those o( Psychlne. 1 S. Ara'bica (D. C. syst. 2. p. 644.) ©. H. Native of Arabia Felix, on argillaceous humid mountains near Mor. Su- bidaria purpilrea, Forsk. fl. a?gyp.-arab. p. 117. Psychine Arabica, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 880. Thlaspi Arabicum, Vahl. symb. 2. p. 76. Flowers rose-purplish, at first corymbose, but at length racemose. Leaves referable to those o( Mor'icandia arvensis. Arabian Schouwia. Fl. ? PI. 4 to i foot. Cult. The seed of this pretty annual will only require to be sown in the open ground. A light, sandy, moist soil will suit it best. XCIV. PSYCHI'NE {iYom^vxn, psyche, a butterfly ; be- cause of the pods being furnished with wings like the butterfly.) Desf atl. 2. p. 69. t. 148. D. C. syst. 2. p. 645. prod. 1. p. 224. Lin. syst. Tetradynamia, Sdiculdsa. Silicle triangular, nar- rowed at the base, with the valves winged on the back, at the end (f. 47. j.). An annual, hispid, branched herb. Leaves ob- long or obovate, toothed ; cauline ones alternate, cordate, stem- clasping, with auricles; radical ones narrowed into the stalk. Ra- cemes opposite the leaves, elongated. Bracteas leafy, situated under the pedicels. Flowers white, with dark veins. 1 P. STYLOSA (Desf. atl. 2. p. 69. t. 148.) ©. H. Native of Mauritania, near Mayane, on the edges of fields. Thlaspi Psychine, Willd. spec. 3. p. 443. P. Numidica, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 880. — Shaw.specim.no. 91. icon. Pods large, 3 lines long without the style, and 7 or 8 lines broad. Long-styled Psychine. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1 822. PI. 1 foot. Cult. This curious annual only requires to be sown in the open border. A light, sandy soil suits it best. Tribe XV. ZI'LLEiE (i)lants agreeing with Zilla in important charac- ters,) or ORTHOPLO'CE^ (See Sidj-Order III.) NUCA- MENTA'CE/E {nucamentum, a catkin ; sliapc of pods.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 646. prod. 1. p. 224. Silicle indehiseent, ovate, or globose, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded (f. 47. i.), with indistinct valves (f. 47. i.). Seeds globose. Cotyledons folded together, (f. 45./.J.) XCV. ZI'LLA (the Arabic name of the plant) Forsk. desc. 121. D. C. -syst. 2. p. 646. prod. 1. p. 224. Lin. SYST. Tetradynamia, Siliculdsa. Silicle 2-celled ; cells 1-seeded. A smooth, somewliat glaucous plant; at length be- coming suffruticose, much branched ; branches whitish ; younger ones leafy ; older ones leafless, stiff', divaricate, spinescent. Leaves few, oblong, toothed. Racemes few-flowered, spinescent at the apex. Pedicels filiform, short, bractless. Flowers dis- tant, violaceous, almost like those of Moricdndia arvensis. 1 Z. MYAGROiDES (F"orsk. segyp. descr. 121. no. 74 and 75. icon. t. 17. A.) Tj . F. or H. Native of Egypt, in the deserts. Var. a, macrocArpa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 646.) pods smooth. Bunias spinosa, Lin. mant. 96. Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 290. t. 142. f. 2. Vent. hort. malm. t. 16. Myagrum spinosum. Lam, diet. 1. p. 570. no. 13. Native of Lower Egypt, about Cairo. Jar. /3, microcirpa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 647.) pods with rough ribs. Native of Upper Egypt. Perhaps a proper species. The leaves of this plant are boiled and eaten by the Arabs, like those of Cabbage. Myagrum-likeZxWiL. Fl. March. Clt. 1816. PI. 2 feet. Cult. Tliis is rather a curious plant, and although it is always treated as a frame shrub, it is nevertheless hardy enough to stand the winter in a dry, warm, south border. A light, dry, sandy soil suits it best. It may be either increased by young cuttings planted in sand under a hand-glass, or by seeds. XCVI. MURICA'RIA (from muricatus, full of prickles ; pods beset with prickles.) Desv. journ. bot, 3. p. 159. t. 25. f. 2. D. C. syst. 2. p. 647. prod. 1. p. 225. Lin. syst. Tetradynamia, Siliculdsa, Silicle 1 -celled, 1- seeded, beset with prickles (f. 47. i.). Seed inserted laterally. Pet.als equal. A procumbent, many-stemmed herb. Leaves pinnate-lobed, alternate. Racemes opposite the leaves or ter- minal. Flowers white. 1 M. prostra'ta (Desv. journ. 1. c.) ©. H. Native of the north of Africa, in sandy places, and in the kingdom of Tunis, near Cafsa. Bitnias prostrata, Desf. atl. 2. p. 76. t. 150. My- agrum prostratum, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 48. Laelia prostrata, Pers. ench. 2. p. 185. Calepina prostrata, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 850. Petals double the length of calyx. Style very short and tliickish. Trailing Muricaria. Fl. Ju. Jid. Clt. 1821. PI. I to U foot. Cult. This plant is not worth cidtivating, except in botanic gardens. The seeds only require to be sown in the open ground. A light sandy soil suits it best. XCVII. CALEPPNA (meaning unknown.) Adans, fam. 2. p. 423. D. C. syst. 2. p. 6 48. prod. 1. p. 225. Lin. syst. Tetradynamia, Siliculdsa. Silicle almost glo- bose, 1 -celled, 1-seeded. Seed pendulous from the top of the pod. Outer petals somewhat larger than the inner ones. Co- tyledons incumbent, curved, truncate, somewhat folded together, with inflexed margins. A smooth, erect, annual herb. Radical leaves rosulate, on short stalks, pinnate-parted ; lower lobes small, 2 or 3 on each side, terminal one large, oblong, or orbi- cular, blunt ; cauline leaves sessile, oblong, entire, sagittate with acute auricles. Racemes opposite the leaves, elongated ; pedicels bracdess, filiform. Flowers white. 256 CKLCIFKIM:. XCVII. Calepisa. XCVIll. Ckambe. 1 C. CoRviNi (Dcsv. journ. hot. 3. p. 158.) (?. H. Nativeof sand) fields and vineyards, in Arra<;on, south of France, Italy, Hunj;arv, and Taiiria. Uunias cochlearioides, Murr. nov. comm. gcctt. 1. 1777. p. i'i. t. a. Waldst. et. Kit. liunfj. '2. p. 111. t. 107. Myagruni irrejjidiire, Asso. Myagrinn rugosum, Vill. Myagrum perfoliatuin, /}, Lam. Cranibe Corvini, All. .My- agrum cruc£Ef61iuni, Vill. dauph. Ua])istrnni bursaloliuni, Berg, pliyt. Cocldearia auriciditta, Lam. diet. Crambc ani- plexicaiilis, Russel. Myagrum bursatolium, Tliuil. Ciambe bursaefolia, Llier. Laelia cochlearioides, I'ers. cnch. 2. p. 185. I'ar. /}, Mijagrum iberoides (Brot. phyt. no. 43. p. !»5. t. 42.) Native of Portugal. CoriiH's Calepina. Fl. Apr. June. Clt. 181G. PI. 1 foot. Cull. A rather curious annual i)lant. The seeds only require to be sown in the open border. A dry, sandy soil will suit it best. Trihc XVL RAPHA'NEiE (plants agreeing with Raphamis in many im- portant characters,) or ORTHOPLO'C'E^E (See Sub-Order IIL) LOMENTA"CE/E {lomciilum, a loment ; shape of pods.) D. C. syst. 2. p. C 19. prod. 1. p. 2,'5. .Silicic or silique dividing across into one or few-seeded joints or cells (f. 47. k. >n.). Seeds glo- bose. Cotyledons folded together (f. 47. j./.). XCVIH. CRA'MBE (from koafiSn, the Greek name of Sea- kale, or Sea-cahhaae, which is derived from icpa/j/Joi , dry ; be- cause the ])lants usually grow in sand.) Tourn. inst. 211. t. 100. — Gccrt. fruct. 2. p. 2!I2. t. 1 12. Lin. gen. no. 825. D. C. syst. 2. p. ()50. prod. 1. p. 225. Lin. svsT. Tetradijnamia, Sil'iculusa. Silicic 2-jointed. Lower joint abortive, upper one globose, 1 -seeded (f. 47. //.). Cotyledons thick, somewhat foliaceous, profoundly eniarginate. Herbs or sub- shrubs. Leaves sometimes thick, sometimes membranous, hairy or smooth ; cauline ones alternate, stalked, pinnately-toothcd, cut, pinnatifid or Urate. Racemes elongated, many-flowered, dis|)osed into lax panicles ; pedicels filiform, erect, bractless. Flowers white, smelling like honey. Sect. L SAncocRA'MBE (from aupl aapKor, sarx sarcos, flesh ; and Kptifijiif ; because the leaves ol' the ))lants contained in this section are fleshy.) I). C. syst. 2. p. (15 1. prod. 1. p. 225. Lower joint of silicic depressed, thick; stigma sessile. Larger filaments furnished each at the top with a tooth. Roots perennial, with many stems rising from the neck. Leaves large, iisually fleshy. The young shoots of all are eatable when blanched. 1 C. MARiTiMA (Lin. spec. 937.) Longer filaments forked ; pods blunt ; leaves ro\mdisli, sinuate, waved, toothed, and are, as well as the stem, very smooth. If. . H. Native in the sand on the sea-shore, from .Sweden to France, and along the Medi- terranean sea on the European side ; also in Tauria, along the Euxine sea. Plentiful in Britain, in the sand by the sea-side. Oed. fl. dan. t. 31(i. Smith, engl. bot. t. 924. Sea-kale {Eng.) Clioiniiariii{Vr.) Meerkolil (Germ.) Cramb'w (Ital.). The country people in the west of England have been, from time inunemorial, in the practice of watching when the shoots and leaf-stalks begin to j)nsh up the sand ,iiid gravilin March and April, when they cut them oil' uiulerground, as is done in gather- ing Asparagus, and bod them as greens. About the middle of the last century the jjlant was first introduced into gardens, grown on deep sandy soil, and blanched cither by sand, ashes, litter, or by covering with flower-pots, earthen ))0ts made on pur])ose, or any opaque cover. It is now almost as universal in good gar- dens as .tsfnrti IT IIS, and, like it, is forced, either by taking up the roots and plaiuing them on a hot-bed, or in a border of a forcing-house, or by covering or surrounding them with litter, in the open garden. Before covering a bed with warm litter, each plant, or stool of plants, is covered with an earthenware blanching pot, or a wicker case, to keep off the dung from the young shoots, and to ensure their being blanched. No plant is so easily forced, and, unlike Asparagus, it yields pro- duce the first spring after raising from .seed. The taste is very like that of CauliJIuwer. The whole ])lant is smooth, of a beautiful glaucous hue, covered with a very fine meal. However, it varies much ; for sometimes it is to be seen almost with green-leaves. The radical leaves are large, more or less sinuated or indented, containing in the axil a bud or ru- diment of next year's stem. The flowers are in ample pani- cles ; they are small, of a pure white, and smell strongly of honey. The precise period of its introduction to the garden is unknown. Parkinson and Bryant state, that the radical leaves are cut by the inhabitants where the ])lant grows wild, and boiled as cabbage ; and W. Jones, of Chelsea, assured the late W. Curtis, that he saw bundles of it, in a cultivated state, exposed for sale in Chi- chester market, in 1753. J. Maher observes, (Hort. trans, vol. 1.) that " the Crambc marilima was known, and sent from this kingdom to the continent, more than two hundred years ago, by L'Obel ; but Miller, in 1731, was the first who wrote upon it pro- fessionally. About the year 1707, it was cultivated by Lettsom, at Grove-hill, and by liiui brought into general notice in the neigh- bourhood of London. In the Gardener's Dictionary.published 17 74, by James Gordon, at rountain Bridge, near Edinburgh, directions are given for the cidtivation of this vegetable, and for blanching it by covering the beds, four inches deep, with sand or gravel. Professor Martyn has ))rinted some valuable instructions for its cultivation, from the MSS. of the Rev. M. Laurent ; and the late W. Curtis, by a pamphlet on the culture, has done more to re- connneiid it, and difl'nse the knowledge of it, than any of his predecessors. Sea-hale is now a conunon vegetable in Covent Garden market, and, Mr. Neill observes, has begun to appear on the green-stalls of Edinburgh ; but in France it is almost un- known. Bastien (Manuel du Jardinier, 1807,) describes the Chou mariii d'Aiiglelerre ; but he appears to have tried to use the broad green leaves, instead of the blanched shoots. Dis- gusted with his pre])aration, he denies the merit of Sea-kale, and resigns the plant, with a sneer, to colder climates." Tlie young spring shoots, atid the stalks of the unfolded leaves, blanched by rising through the ground in a wild state, or by earthing up in gardens, are the parts used ; and when boiled and dressed like Asparagus, are not inferior to that vegetable. They form also an excellent ingredient in soups. Sometimes the ribs of the large leaves are peeled and dressed as Asparagus, after the plant has ceased to send up young shoots. By forcing, Sea-kale may be had in perfection from November till May, a period including all the dead months in the year. It is rem.irked by Nicol, that vegetables seldom im]>rove by forcing, but that Sea-kific forms an exception ; the I'orced shoots produced at mid- winter being more crisp and delicate in flavour than those pro- cured in the natural way, in April and May. Sir George Mac- kenzie observes, (Caled. hort. mem. 1. p. 313.) that Sea-kale cannot easily be overdone in cooking ; and that, after being well boiled, it shotild be thoroughly drained, and then suftered to remain a few minutes before the fire, that a further portion of moisture may be exhaled." Sea-kale m.iy be cultivated by rearing the jjlants from seed, on a seed-bed, and when a year old transjilanting them into beds, at the distance of eighteen inches each way. But in setting young ])lants, place them in p.ilches of three plants each, taking care, in removing them from the seed-bed, not to injure the tap-roots. Seakalc plants of a proper age may be had of any nursery- man, but ill well-regulated gardens, a part should be aimually CRUCIFER^. XCVIII. Cuambe. 257 sown, so as to liave a supply always at hand. However, where circumstances will admit, it would be advisable to sow the seed in the beds where they are to remain to come to perfection. This is attended with much less trouble, and if the beds have been properly prepared, the plants will become stronger than those which have been trans])lanted. Sea-kale is also propagated by some eminent gardeners in the vicinity of London, by cutting the roots of the old plants into pieces about an inch long, and planting them in drills like potatoes. By this means the buds will sprini; and tind their way to the surface with greater cer- tainty tlian if planted by the dibble ; by which latter process many of them run a chance of being placed with their end up- permost, and consequently be unproductive of shoots. In light sandy garden -soil the Sea-kale comes to perfection with little care ; but in strong clayey soils it is often apt to rot in winter. In preparing ground for Sea-kale, if the ground be naturally strong, it should be trenched to a depth of 3 feet, if the ground will admit of that depth, and well manured. Divide the ground into 4 feet beds, with alleys 18 inches wide ; throw out tlie mould of the alleys to the depth of 10 or 12 inches, which mould being laid on the beds will raise them from 15 to 18 inches above the bottom of tlie alleys, which will render the beds dry. If the ground be particularly stiff, lay on a quantity of fine sharp sand and leaf moidd, which, if properly mixed in the process of trenching, will render the beds sufficiently light for the cultiva- tion of this excellent vegetable, for the success depends upon the lightness of the mould and dryness of the bottom. About the middle of April, if the beds be prepared as above, proceed to draw two drills in eacli bed, about 2 inches deep, in which the seeds must be sown. Sow moderately thick, so as to secure a crop, which afterwards should be thinned out to 12 inches apart, or sow in patches 18 inches apart. The turnip-fly and the wire-worm are great enemies to this as well as to all cruci- ferous plants. The best remedy for the latter is to have them picked out of the ground by the hand ; the former may be prevented from doing much injury by a circle of quick-lime strewed round the plants. If the months of June and July prove drv, water the whole beds plentifully ; and in the following November as soon as the leaves are decayed, clear them away and cover the beds an inch thick with light rich earth and sand, that has lain in a heap and been turned over at least three times the preceding summer. Ui)on this dressing of sandy loam, throw about 6 inches of light stable litter, which finishes every thing to be done the first year. In the spring of the second year, when the plants begin to grow, rake off the stable litter, digging a little of the most rotten into the alleys, and add another inch in depth of fresh loam and sand. Abstain from cutting this year, though some of the plants will probably rise very strong, treat- ing the beds the s\icceeding winter exactly as before. The third season, a little before the plants begin to stir, rake off the win- ter covering, laying on now an inch in depth of pure sand or gravel. Then cover each parcel or plant with one of the blanch- ing-pots, or large flower-pots with the hole corked up, pressing it very firmly into the ground, so as to exclude all light and air, for the colour and flavour is greatly injured by being exposed to either." But the most convenient method for blanching Sea- kale which is not forced, is to cover the beds in autumn with leaves raked up from the woods or pleasure-ground, covering each bed in thickness according to the strength and age of the plants, giving the greater covering to the oldest and strongest roots. The covering may be from 5 to 15 inches deep, when first laid on, and over that place a slight covering of light lit- tery dung to prevent the leaves from blowing about ; this cover- ing is to remain on until the crop be all cut, when it may be taken away, and the beds dug over, or when, from particular circumstances, this has not been attended to in autumn. At VOL. I. PART III. the time the buds begin to appear, fork the beds regularly over, and cover the plants from 12 to 15 inches with saw-dust or rotten tan, when it can be conveniently procured ; if neither can be had, break the mould on the surface of the beds as fine as possil)lc and moidd up the plants with it. As the heads become ready for use they will raise the cover- ing, by which means they will be easily perceived without re- moving any more of the covering than the part where those heads are that are intended to be cut. Those beds which have had the thickest covering in autumn come first into use, and the other in rotation, so that the last cutting is from what was sown the spring before. Although cutting from one year old plants is generally disapproved of. Barton (Caled. hort. mem.) defends the practice from his experience of its not proving injurious ; and because thereby the Sea-kale season is ijrolonged, as the one year old plants come into use much later in spring than the old established roots. When the young shoots are about 3 or 4 inches high, remove the leaves, or whatever has been used in blanching, carefully, and cut them off; but so as not to injure the remaining buds, which are springing from the same root. A succession of gatherings may be continued for 5 or 6 weeks, after which period the plants should be uncovered and their leaves suffered to grow, that they may acquire and retain a suflicient quantity of nutri- ment to the roots for next year's buds. The flowers, when the seeds are not wanted, ought to be nijiped off with the finger and thumb as long as they appear, as they tend considerably to weaken the plants. Forcing Sea-kale. " No vegetable is more easily or more cheaply forced than Sea-kale, whether the operation be performed in beds or drills in the open air, or in hot-bed frames or flued pits." Abercrombie, Nicol, and Maher recommend forcing in beds " in the open air." " Seven weeks," the former ob- serves " before the time at which you wish to cut shoots for the table, begin to prepare the plants for forcing, and to ferment a sufficient quantity of stable dung. Having trimmed the leaves from the plants, carefully point the surface of the ground, and over the top of the roots spread fresh light earth, mixed with light sand or coal-ashes 2 or 3 inches in depth, this is the best remedy against worms. Salt also destroys worms and will not injure the Sea-kale. When the dung is well prepared, which will be in about three weeks, pro- ceed to forcing. If you mix tree-leaves with the dung, begin to ferment them a week or a fortnight sooner. Cover each of the plants either with a regular blanching-pot, or with a garden- pot of the largest size, taking care to stop up the hole. Then lay a portion of prepared dung alone, or mixed with tree-leaves about and over each pot, pressing it down firm, extending it 8 or 10 inches all round, and raising the bank six or eight inches above the pot. It will be necessary to examine the plants fre- quently, and to measure the heat w ithin the covers now and then, lest by some inadvertency the quantity of litter should not have been well-apportioned or rightly prepared ; if the heat be un- der 50" there is not enough to excite the plants; and if above 60° it is too fiery, and may injure them, for it is better to begin time enough and force slowly rather than too quickly." The litter round the pots should be renewed at least once in eight weeks, but oftener if the weather is rigorous. When the stools will produce no more shoots, remove the litter and the covers, and dress the ground, that the plants may be suffered to grow and return strength to the root for the next year's shoots. Nicol says, he knows of a row of Sea-kale having been forced in the above way every season for seven years, in which the plants were at the end of that period as healthy and vigorous as others in the same quarter that were forced only every second year. Barton (Caled. hort. mem.) forces Sea-kale on dung beds, L 1 •258 CRUClFEUj-E. XCVIII. Chambe. uiuKt frames exactly in the same manner usually adopted for Asixiraiiiis. For a common melon-frame ivill contain as many heads as are capable of hcinj; produced in two drills, of twenty yards each, bv covering with dinig. He finds three frames of two lijjhts each, ([ulte sullicient for a larj^e family ; the first pre- pared about the beginning of November, and the second about the last week in December ; and by the time the second frame is exhausted, Sca-ktile will l)e ready for use in the open ground. Gibbs (Caled. hort. mem. 1. p. 388.) also forces in frames, blanching by keeping the beds covered with mats. As the plants are no longer of use after being forced in this and the precelants are allowed to attain tliree years growth beibre taken up for forcing. Economy and certainty are advantages attending these last methods. 15alwin(Hort. trans. 4. p. fi,'!.) forces Sea-kale where it stands in the following manner. " On each side of a three foot bed, in which the Sea-kale has been planted, trenches are formed two feet deep, and eighteen inches wide at bottom ; the side of the trench next the bed is perpendicular, the other side is sloped so as to make the top of the trench at the surface level, two feet and a half w ide ; this trench is filled with linings of hot dung, on the inner edges of which garden-lights are placed, and the glass kept covered with luats \intil the kale is fit to cut, and a covering of broad canvass or mats might be substituted for the glass lights." Melruss CCaled. mem. 4. p. 1C4.) forces Sea-kale in a vinery. He " plants along the back of the flue where no vine- roots are, places covers on the plants, and in two weeks, when the heat for forcing vines is kept up, he has as fine Sea-kale as could be desired. When a dish is cut, he lifts the roots and supplies their places by others from the open ground." Oalliering. " Remove a part of the earlii, leaves or pots, or whatever is employed in blanching, cut ofl" the heads or shoots, and slip off the stalks of the leaves," (Loud. ency. gard. p. 7S'2.) Priidiice. From four or six heads, according to the size, held togilher like Asparagus, make a dish; and Maher says, a blanching pot which contains three plants will afford a dish twice in a season. Hence from sixty to a hundred pots will suffice for forcing Sea-kale for a large family (Loud. 1. c.) To save seed. Let a stool, which has not been cut, rini in spring ; and seed will be produced in the autunm. Common iVa-kale. I'l. May, .lime. Britain. PI. 3 feet. 2 C. i'innati'fii).\ (U. Br. in hort. kevv. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 7^.) longer filaments forked ; pods awnless ; leaves profoimdiy pinnatifid ; lobes oblong, acute, toothed, and are as well as the stem, smooth. ■!/ . H. Native of Hungary in fields about Buda, Tauria, and in deserts adjacent to the north of Caucasus. C. Suecica, Mill. diet. ed. 7. no. 2. C. orientulis, Jacq. icon. rar. l.t. 128. C. laeiniata, Desf. hort. par. An intermediate species between C. marUima and C. or'wiiliilis. Pinna/i/ff/-kaved Sea-kale. V\. April, .In. CIt. 1759. PI. 2 ft. 3 C. oiiANDiFLORA (D. C. syst. 2. p. (>52.) longer filaments forked ; pods awnless ; leaves ]iinnale-parted ; lobes oblong, acutely and deeply toothed, intermixed with smaller ones along the raelies, and are as well as the stem, smooth. IJ . H. Native of the island of Tama at the moulh of the Kidian, and on the shores of the Euxine Sea. This species is intermediate between C. jihiualifida and C. aspcra. It is only ]>erhaps a variety of C marilima, but the flowers arc 2 or 3 limes larger. Greal-Jloinnd Sea-kale. El. May, June. PI. 3 feet. 4 C. oiiiENTA LIS (Lin. spec. 937.) longer filaments forked ; pods awnless, smooth ; leaves pinnatifid, toothed, scabrous ; stem smooth. 1^.11. Native of the Levant. Orlenlal .Sea-kale. FI. June, July. Clt. 17.'i2. PI. 2 foot. 5 C. Tata'rica (Jacq. misc. 2. p. 274. icon. rar. 1. t. 129. exclusive of synonym of Clusius,) longer filaments forked ; pods awnless ; radical leaves decompound ; leaflets cut, toothed, younger leaves rough, adult ones smooth as well as the stem. 1/ . H. Hoot fusiform, 2 or 3 feet long. / ar. n, Jltiiigdriea (D. C syst. 2. p. G53.) lobes of cauline leaves oblong-linear, almost entire and somewhat pectinated. If.. H. Native of gravelly places and fertile fields in Himgary about Agria and elsewhere; in Moravia about Aussitz; in Tran- sylvania in calcareous meadows and on sandy mountains. C Ta- tarica, Jacq. misc. 2. p. 274. Willd. spec. 3. p. 419. This plant is called in Hungary 'ralar-keiii/tr or Tartarian-bread, and its root, stripped of the bark and sliced, is eaten with oil, vine- gar, and salt, 'i he boiled root is sweet, and eaten by children. The young shoots are boiled and eaten like those of common Sea-kale, and have an excellent taste, but are stringy, which they would not be if well cultivated, which the plant appears to deserve. Hares are extremely fond of the root and stems. I'ar. j'i, Taiirica (I). C. syst. 2. p. G5J.) lobes of leaves si- nuately-lobed. i;. H. C. orienlalis, Reich, syst. 3. p. 290. Falk. kin. p. 219. no. 791. t. 14. C. Tatarica, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 90. Native of Tauria in fields, and adjacent to the northern regions of Caucasus at the Tanais, and from Borysthene to the Rhymnus. Roots fusiform, 2 or 4 feet long. Tartarian Sea-kale. Fl. June, July, in gardens; April, May, in its native countries. Clt. 1789. Pi. 2 to 3 feet. C C. a'spera (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 90.) longer filaments forked ; pods awnless, w rinkled ; leaves pinnate-parted, w ith ob- long-linear, toothed lobes, and are scabrous as well as the stem. 11 . H. Native of fields in Tauria at the lower Wolga, and near Sarepta. The whole plant is usually rough from st!fl" erect hairs. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 91. Rough Sca-ka\c. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot. 7 C. ju'ncea (Bieb. sujipl. ined. D. C. syst. 2. p. G54.) longer filaments forked ; pods awnless, smooth ; leaves lyrate, with toothed lobes, terminal lobe large ; leaf stalked and stem hispid from reflexed hairs. 1(.. H. Native of Iberia about Titlis. Pods small, globose, smooth, and seated upon slender pedicels. liiislii/ Sea-kale. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 feet. 8 C. couDiioLiA (Stev. in mem. soc. nat. mosc. 3. p. 267.) longer stamens forked ; pods almost awnless ; le.ives stalked, toothed, lower ones cordate, ui)per ones ovate, and are as well as the stems almost glabrous. 1/ . H. Native of North Cau- casus in deserts, and in exposed places about the towns of Mos- dock and Georgisock. C. cordata, Willd. enum. suppl. 43. Panicles of flowers leafless, smooth, much branched. Flowers like those of C. orientalis. 'i"he root of this plant tastes like Horse-radish. Lower leaves very large and hispid. Corda/f-/catcrf Sea-kale. Fl. June. Clt. 1800. PI. 0 feet. Sect. II. LrrxocRA'MBE (from Xnrror, le/ilos, slender, and Kpapii)], kramtie. Sea-kale ; because of the ]>lants contained in this section being sleiuler.) 1). C. syst. 2. p. ().5o. prod. 1. p. 226. Lower joint of silicic cylindrical, elongated. .Stigma sessile. Filaments either toothed or toothless. Roots annual or biennial. Stem solitary. 9 C. Hisi'a'nica (Lin. spec. 937.) longer filaments furnished with a tooth ; j)ods awnless ; leaves lyrate, scabrous, w ith the terminal lobe cordate and orbicular. ©. II. Native of Spain in Valentia on the sea-shore, also in the north of Portugal. Sab. hort. rom. 4. t. 2. Lam. ill. t. 553. G;urt. fruct. 2. p. 292. t. 142. f. 4. Schkuhr. Iiandb. 2. no. 1924. t. 189. Myiigrum sphferocarpum, Jacq. ohs. 2. p. 20. t. 41. Rapistruiu His|)ani- cnm, Medik. in Ust. new. ann. 2. p. 37. Rapistrmn seabrum, Meench. melh. 21 1. Pods exactly globose. Herb his))i(l. /S/johm/i Sea- kale. Fl. June, July Clt. 1G83. PI. 1 i foot. CRUCIFERyE. XCVIII. Crambe. XCIX. UArisTuuM. C. Didesmus. 259 10 C. glabra' TA (D. C. ])ro(l. 1. p. 226.) longer filaments furnished with a tooth ; pods awnless ; leaves cordate-roundish, and are as well as the stem sniootli. © ! H. Native of Spain near St. Phihp. C. eordifolia, Dufour. in ann. gen. sc. phys. 7. ]) .JOti. but not of Steven. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from C. llispditica. Smooth Sea-k?\e. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. PI. U foot. 11 C. renifo'rmis (Desf. atl. 2. p. 78. t. 151.) longer fila- ments furnished with a tooth ; pods awnless ; leaves lyrate, sca- brous, terminal lobe kidney-shaped. $ . H. Native of the nortii of Africa in fissures of rocks, nearTlemscn. Pods flesliy. \ cry like C. Hispdnica. Herb hispid. A'cHj/brm-lobed Sea-kale. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 to 3 ft. 12 C. filifo'rmis (Jacq. coll. suppl. 120. icon. rar. 3. t. 504.) longer filaments almost toothless ; pods awnless ; leaves pin- nately-lyrate, hairy, terminal lobe ovate. $ . H. Native of Patagonia at Champion River. Rapistrum filiforme, Mcench. suppl. 69. Ovary slender, 2-jointed, lower joint terete, longest. Filiform Sea-kale. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1796. PI. 1 to 2 feet. Sect. III. Dendrocra'mbe (from ^(.vopov, dcndron, a tree, and Kpafifiti, crambe, Sea-kale ; because of the plants being shrubby.) b. C. syst. 2. p. 656. prod. 1. p. 226. Lower joint of silicle short, filiform. Stigma seated upon a short style. Stems shrubby. 13 C. FRVTicosA (Lin. fil. suppl. 299.) longer filaments toothed on one side ; pods mucronate with the style ; leaves lyrately-pinnatifid, toothed, hoary ; stem shrubby. Tj . G. Na- tive of Madeira on the highest rocks near Pico de Ranxo. D. C. svst. 2. p. 656. A small stiff' hoary shrub. ■ Shrubby Sea-kale. Fl. ftLay, Nov. Clt. 1777. Sh. 2 feet. \i C. STRIGOSA (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 151. t. 72.) filaments tooth- less : pods mucronate ; leaves ovate, toothed, unequal and some- what auricled at the base, and are hispid, as well as shrubby stem. h . G. Native of Canary Islands ; inTeneriffe in humid places. Myigrum arborescens, Jacq. coll. 1. p. 39. icon. rar. t. 120. C. fruticosa, iSIurr. syst. veg. •1-98. exclusive of synonym of Lin. fil. C scabra. Lam. diet. 2. p. 163. I'ar. ft, glabrata (D. C. syst. 2. p. 657.) leaves almost smooth, with a few scalv dots. Strigose Sea-kale. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1779. Sh. \\ foot. Cult. The hardy perennial species may be either increased by dividing at the roots or by seeds, but the latter mode is pre- ferable ; they will grow in any kind of soil, but those species used for culinary purposes should be grown in a rich light soil. The annual and biennial kinds only require to be sown in the open ground. The shrubby green-house kinds may either be increased by seeds or by cuttings, which should be planted under a hand-glass. A mixtureof sand, loam, andpeat, suits these last well. XCIX. RAPISTRUM {rapa, the rape; resemblance.) Boerh. ludg. 406. D. C. syst. 2. p. 430. prod. 1. p. 227. Lin. syst. Tetradyndmia, SiUquhsa. Silicle 2-jointed ; lower joint ovate, rough, with a solitary seed in each cell, the seed in the upper joint erect, that in the lower one pendu- lous. Cotyledons oblong, folded together. Annual or peren- nial, branched, pubescent or villous herbs. Leaves not fleshy, lower ones stalked, pinnatifid or somewhat lyrate ; upper ones oblong toothed. Racemes elongated, somewhat panicled; pedi- cels filiform, strictly erect. Flowers yellow. 1 R. pere'nne (Berg. phyt. icon. Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 160.) pods smooth, upper joint ovate, longer than the style; leaves pinnatifid ; lobes deeply-toothed, acute. 1/ . H. Native of fields in the east of France, Switzerland, Piedmont, Germany, Austria, and Transylvania. Myagrum perenne, Lin. spec. 893. Jacq. aust. t. 414. Rapistrum diffusum, Crantz. cruc. p. 105. Myigrum biarticulatum, Crantz. aust. p. 6. Myi\grum perenne var. o, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 482. Schranckia divaricata, Mcench. suppl. 86. Cakile pereniiis, Lher. diss. cak. ined. p. 6. Bii- nias perennis, Smith, ])rod. fl. gr£EC. 2. p. 2. Stem diffusely branched, somewhat hispid at the base. Flowers small. rcraimal Rapistrum. Fl. July. Clt. 1789. PI. 1 to U foot. 2 R. RUGo'suM (Berg. phyt. 3. p. 171. icone. All. ped. no. 940. t. 78.) ])ods pubescent; upper joint globose, rough, shorter than the style ; leaves blunt, toothed, radical ones some- what lyrate. ©. H. Native throughout middle and south Europe in cultivated fields and sandy places. Myagrum rugo- sum, Lin. spec. 893. Myagrum perenne. Scop. earn. ed. 2. no. 795. Schranckia rugosa, Medik. in Ust. new. ann. 2. p. 39. Cakile rugosa, Lher. diss. cak. ined. p. 7. Flowers a little smaller than those of R. perenne, of a deep yellow. I'ar. ft, .stylosum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 432.) leaves almost all ra- dical, cavdine ones very few and very small ; pods villose, with a long style, and with the lower joint often abortive. Cakile rugosa, var. slytdsti. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 598. Native of Occitania and the south of Provence. I ar. y, venosum (D. C. syst. 1. c.) younger pods villose, adult ones smooth, upper joint much wrinkled and furrowed, lower one very rarely abortive. Myagrum venosum, Pers. ench. 2. p. 183. Native about Tolosa and Genoa. /rriji/f/t'rf-podded Rapistrum. Fl. April, July. PI. 1 foot. •j- Species not sufjieicnthj known. 3 R. orientale (D. C. syst. 2. p. 433.) pods furrowed, smooth ; leaves oblong, toothed, sinuate. ©. H. Native of the Levant. In Melos in corn-fields, also in Crete. Myagrum orientt>le, Lin. spec. 893. Schranckia sulcilta, Mcench. su})pl. 87. Cakile orientalis, Lher. diss. cak. ined. p. 7. Biinias ra- phanifolia. Smith, fl. graec. t. 612. Leaves scabrous. Oriental R&insti-um. Fl. July. Clt. 1795. PL 1 foot. 4 R. clava'tum (D. C. syst 2. p. 433.) pods smooth, upper joint globose, rough, bearing the style, lower one smooth, some- what cylindrical, longer than the pedicel. ©. H. Native of Syria and near Tripoli. Cakile clavata, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 852. The whole plant smooth. Lower leaves hastate. Clubbed-iwdded Rapistrum. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 5 R. costa'tum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 434.) pods smooth, upper joint ovate, ribbed, ending in a conical acumen, lower one smooth, obconical, somewhat shorter than the pedicel. Tf.'i ©? H. Native of the Levant at Tyra. Myagrum rugosum ft, Bieb. fl. taur. 86. "! Myagrum perenne, Stev. in litt. Perhaps J{. orientdle. Style conical, thick, short y?/6ie(/- podded Rapistrum. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. Cult. These plants are not worth cultivating except in bota- nical gardens. The perennial species may be either increased by dividing the plants at the root or by seeds. The seeds of the annual kinds only require to be sown in the open ground. C. DIDE'SMUS (from cic, dis, twice, and ha^m, dcsmos, a chain, because of the pod being of two joints, like two links of a chain). Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 160. t. 25. f. 11. D. C. syst. 2. p. 657. prod. 1. p. 227. Lin. syst. Tetradyndmia, Siliqudsa. Silicle 2-jointed, both joints 1 or 2-seeded, lower one truncate at the end, upper one bearing the style. Seeds pendulous in the cells. Smooth, annuaC erect, branched herbs, some of them resembling CakUe and others Rdphamts. Lower leaves stalked, pinnatifid, or lyrate. Racemes elongated ; pedicels bractless, filiform, or thickening after flowering. Flower white or yellow ? 1 D. jEgy'ptius (Desv. 1. c.) lower leaves elliptical or pin- natifidly-lyrate; up; er ones oblong, somewhat toothed. ©.H. Native of Egypt and the island of Cyprus. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 92. Myagrum jEgyptium, Lin. spec. 895. Cakile .(Egyp- Ll 2 2G0 CRUCIFER/E. C. Didesmus. CI. ENARiiiRocARrus. CII. Raphascs, tia, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 852. Habit of CakUe marUima. Flowers yellow or perhaps white. I'ar. )3, MtmgifhUus (D. C. syst. 2. p. 658.) lower leaves ohionjr, grossly serrated, not pinnatifully-lyrate. Native in the liilils of Astvpalaea in the Morea. Egijldian'mAesmws. Fl. June, July. CIt. 1827. PI. 1 ft. 2 1). TtNUiFo'tii's (I). C. syst. 2. p. C59.) leaves pinnate- parted; lobes linear, distant ; upper leaves linear ; stem smooth. ©. n. Native of the Cirecian Archipelaj^o, espeeially in the islands of Nio and Cyprus. Cakile striata, Lher. cak. diss, incd. p. (). Bunias Tournefortii, Sibtli. Uiinias tenuifolia, Smith, prodr. fl. gr:ec. 2. p. 3. Flowers wiiite. Habit of Cak'ilc ma- rillma. Tour. voy. 1. p. 254. icon. Cells of pod 1 -seeded. .S/cmki-lcaml Didesmus. PI. 1 foot. :i I). niriNNA'Tus (D. C. syst. 2. p. 659.) leaves pinnate- parted ; lobes linear, toothed, or cut ; stein rouf;li from reflexed hairs. ©. H. Native of Mauritania in the moimtains of Cafsa. Sini^pis bipinniita, Desf at). 2. p. !)7. Cakile bipinnikta, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 852. Petals whitish, obovate, retuse, somewhat cmarfjinate. Pods smooth, with 1 -seeded cells. Z;/^>iH»in/c-leaved Didesmus. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1818. Pl.| ft. ■f A species not siijjickntlij known. ■t D. pinna'tus (D. C. syst. 2. p. 65!).). Muignun ])ini)a- tum, IJuss. in Schrad. journ. 1. p. 426. Native about Aleppo. Pods striated, 2-jointed. Leaves pinnate, smooth ; segments linear, cut. Perhaps the same as /). tcnu'ifhUa. F'lowers white. /•/nnfl^f-leaved Didesmus. Fl. June, July. PI. -J foot. Cult. These plants are not worth cultivating, excej)! in botanical gardens. The seeds only require to be sown in the open ground. CI. ENAHTIIUOCA'UPUS (from trrta, cnm-a, nine, upQpoy, nrtliron, a joint, and icapTvor, ktirpos, a fruit, in allusion to the pod having i) or 10 seeds in the lower joint). Lab. syr. dee. 5. p. 4. t. 2. D. C. syst. 2. p 660. prod. 1 . p. 228. LiN. SYST. TetTadijnani'ut, SUtqubsa. Silitpie 2-jointcd, lower joint obconical, short, 1 to .'J-seedeil, upper joint long, !) or 10- seeded, loculate in the inside (f. 47, k.) Erect, branched, rough- ish herbs, having the appearance of Ruplitinus. Lower leaves stalked, lyrate, upper ones sessile, grossly toothed. Racemes elongated ; pedicels filiform, erect, becoming thicker after flow- ering ; all or only the lower ones bracteate. Flowers yellow, veined, or purplish. 1 !•;. akcu.\"ti:s (Lab. syr. dec. 5. p. 4. t. 2.) pods terete, tornlose, scabrous ; lower pedicels bracteate. ©. H. Native of Crete and Mount L( banon. Sepals obloni;-linear, with hispid margins. Flowers puri)lisli. Lower point of pod 1-2-seeded. // ;(7« (/-podded Enarthrocarpus. Fl. Ju.Jid. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 ft. 2 E. i.vua'tus (D. C. syst. 2. p. (i61.) ])ods compressed, knotted, striated longitudinally ; pedicels almost all bracteate. O. II. Native of sandy deserts and among barley-fields about Alexandria, also in the Nilotic islands. Ra])hanus Ivratus, Forsk. fl. aegyp. arab. j). llil. Kaplianus recurvatus, Pers. eneii. 2. p. 20i). Delile, fl. cegypt. p. \0o. t. .)(!. f I. Very like E. arciititiis, but differs in the flowers being yellow, with purple veins, not purplish. y>yrn/.,-leaved Enarthrocarpus. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1828. PI. 1 ft. 3 E. I'TEUoca'kpis (I).C. syst. 2. p. 661.) jmds eoni])ressed, edged with a wing, ending in a long point ; pedicels almost all bracteate. Q. H. Native of Egypt. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 93. Raplianus pterociirpus, Pers. ench. 2. p. 209. Flowers yellow with purple veins? Lower joint of ])od 1 -seeded. JIVHhyt. t. 860. f. a. Roots varying in colour. For the under-mentioned varieties, see Ilort. trans, vol. CRUCIFERiE. CII. Uapiianus. 2G1 3. p. 'i38 to 411. The varieties are called Long-rooted or Spring Radixlics. 1 Long white Radish, white transparent, or white Italian or Naples Radish. This is the oldest variety mentioned in our gardens, and is called by Gerard the Radieula saliva minor. It is a week later of coming to perfection tlian those sorts com- monly grown ; it is very mild, and lias a delicate pleasant flavour. Tlie root is white ; the flesh is transparent when young, but becomes more opaque as the root enlarges. Tliis is the La Rave blanche of the Bon Jardinier. 2 Jl'hite Russian Radish. The root is long and wliite. Its flesh is not transparent, and it is much hotter to the taste than the preceding variety. It remains good even when large, and is not fit for use until a week later than the other long radishes. 'J Twisted long white Radish or Rave torlillie du Mans of the French. The root grows long and does not taper mucli. A considerable part of it grows above ground, from whence it does not rise straight, but is bent or twisted, the exposed part of the root is tinged with green. The flesh is white and firm with- out heat, and insipid. The footstalks of the leaves are tinged with purple. The root is slow in coming to perfection, and may be considered a pleasant variety for use in the latter part of the year. It is not destroyed by frost. 4 Scarlet Radish, Salmon Radish or Rave rose of the French. Scarlet transparent Radish of the Dutch. The root is of a brilliant pink colour, and when young is full an inch above the ground. The flesh is transparent and colourless. This is the kind cultivated not only most frequently, but almost exclusively, within the last 30 years, especially for the supply of the London market. The Short-top Scarlet and Early Frame Scarlet Radish are sub-varieties of this plant. Perhaps the Rave corail, the Rave j elite hdtive mid the Rave coiilcur de rose or La Rave saummonee of the Bon Jardinier are also sub-varieties. 5 Purple Radish, or Rave longue rouge of the French, though formerly much used, has been of late driven out of our gardens by the imiversal preference given to the Scarlet Radish. It is the Long red transjiarent Radish of the Dutch, and it was formerly called the Short-top Radish. The seed-leaves being large has caused it to be used exclusively for small salading. The root grows high out of the ground, and is externally of a deep purple colour ; the flesh is white. It is a very early sort, equally as good in flavour as the scarlet Radish and perhaps pre- ferable for forcing. 6 Red-necked Radish or Rave blanche a collier rouge of the French. The upper part of the root is dark pm-ple, and the lower part white. It is a good flavoured radisli, but is more remarkable for its singularity than peculiar excellence. far. y, oleifera (D. C. syst. 2. G64.) root slender, elongated, scarcely fleshy. R. Chinensis, Mill. diet. no. 5. Tiiis variety is cultivated in China for an oil, which is obtained from the seeds by expression. * * B. NIGER (D.C. syst. 2. p. C65.) root with compact hardish flesh, which possesses a very sharp taste. The varieties of this plant are commonly called Winter-radishes. far. a, vulgaris (D. C. syst. 1. c.) root oblong, with black or violet skin, and white flesh. Raphanus niger, Lob. icon. 202. f. 1. jNlerat. fl. par. 2G.5. — Mor. oxon. 2. p. 2G5. no. 2. sect. 3. t. 13. f. 2. — Weinm phyt. t. 8G0. f. c. The following varieties are enumerated in the Hort. trans, vol. 4. p. 13. 1 Black Spanish Radish, or Le Radis gros noir d'hiver, or Le Radis Raifort, of the French. Root very large, externally black, and regularly pear-sh.aped. The flesh is hot, firm, and white. 2 Large purple winter Radish, or Le Radis gros violet d'hiver of the French, is a beautiful variety in shape and character. It much resembles the preceding variety ; but the outside, when cleaned, is of a beautiful purple colour, though it looks black when first drawn out of the earth. Var. li, rotiiiidus (D. C. syst. 2. p. GG5.) root roundish, with black skin and white flesh. — Mor. oxon. 2. p. 2U5. no. 1. sect. 3. t. 13. f. 1. — Weinm. phyt. t. 860. f. b. It is perha])S only a variety of the common. Black Spanish Radish, and tiierefore may be properly called the Round Black Sjianish Radish. Far. y, griseus (D. C. syst. 1. c.) root with a grey skin. For the following varieties of tiiis plant, see Hort. trans, vol.4, p. 12 and 13. 1 Round brown Radish, or Radis gris rond of the French. The root may be called round, thougli it is ratlier irregular in its shape. When allowed to grow large it becomes hollow ; and it therefore should be used when young. The flesh is mild, rather soft, of a greenish white colour ; the skin is mottled with greenish brown. This is an autumn Radish. 2 Oblong brown Radish, or Radis gris oblong of the French. Root pear-siiaped. It does not grow particularly large, and is hardier than any of the other winter Radishes, and therefore fit for late use. The flesh is hot, firm, hard, and white. The skin is rough and brown, marked with white circles. Jar. S, albus (D. C. syst. 1. c.) root of a depressed roundish form; white, both externally and internally. R. orbicularis, Mill. diet. no. 3. This is called the Jl'hite Spanisli Radish, Le Radis gros hlanc d'Augsbmrg of the French. The root is rather oval, and grows to a large size. The flesh is rather hot, firm, solid, and white. The skin is white tinged with green, and streaked with purple on the part which is exposed above ground. Cult. Radishes are all of easy cultivation. They are sown at various times of the year, according to the time they are de- signed for use. Those intended to come in early in the spring are generally sown in October, on a warm border : the long- rooted kinds are preferred for this purpose. The Turnip-radishes are generally sown in spring or summer, to come in after tlie long-rooted kinds. These all force well on hot-beds, or dung- beds covered with mats. The winter Radishes should be sown in July ; and those intended for winter use should be taken up in dry weather, in November, be divested of their leaves and fibres, and preserved in sand until they are wanted. Formerly the leaves of the Radish were boiled and eaten, but now the roots are chiefly employed. These are eaten raw in spring, summer, autumn and winter. The young seedling leaves are often used with Cress and Mustard, as small sallad ; and RadisJi seed-pods, when of pliuiip growth, but still young and green, are used to increase the variety of vegetable pickles, and are considered a tolerable substitute for capers. " The spindle-rooted kinds are cidtivated in the largest pro- portion for the first crops. The small turnip-rooted sorts may be sown in spring as secondary crops, and in summer and autumn for more considerable supplies. The winter sorts have a coarser flavour than the other kinds, but being of a hardy nature, are frequently sown ; they are shced in salads, or occasionally eaten alone, with salt, vinegar, and other condiments." " The soil shoidd be light and mellow, well broken by dig- ging. For sowing between the middle of October and tlie mid- dle of February, let the site be a dry sheltered border, open to the full sun. From the middle of February to the end of March, any dry, open compartment will be suitable. As spring and summer advance, allot cooler and shaded situations. A scattering of the smaller growing sorts may be sown among some broad- cast crops of larger growth, such as Sj>inaeh, Lettuce, and Unions. It may be also drilled between wide rows of beans, or on ground intended to be sown uith a late spring-crop." The crops raised between the middle of October and middle of February, are usually confined to the spindle-rooted kinds. Of the early short-top-scarlet, a first small sowing may be made 2G2 CRUCIFER.T:. CII. Raihasus. at llie end of October, another in November, and anotlier in tlic last tbrtnii;lit of December, if open tem])eratc weatlier; respec- tively to stand over tlie winter ; but make the principal early souiiifTs in January, or tiie beginninn; of I'ebruary. From this lime sow every fortnifjlit or ten days, in full succession crops, till the end of Mav, as well the white and red small turnip- rooted, as the autumn sorts. The winter sorts arc sometimes raised at the beginning of sunmicr ; but the fittest season to sow tliem is from the end of June to the end of August; that is in ,luly for use in autunm, and in August to provide a supply throughout the winter. Sow each sort separately, and for a bed four feet six inches by twelve feet, two ounces of seed will be required of the spring sorts, and an ounce and a half for the summer, winter, and au- tumn varieties. All the kinds may be either sown broad-cast or in drills, liut the latter is preferable, as allowing the roots to be drawn regularly with less waste. If sown broad-cast, it is a good method to make beds four or five feet wide, with alleys be- tween a foot wide, the earth of which may be used to raise the beds or not, as the season may make it desirable to keep the beds dry or moist. Avoid sowing excessively thick, as it tends to make the to|)s run, and the roots stringy. Kake in the seed well, full half an inch deep, leaving none on the surface to attract the birds. If you trace drills, let them be for the spindle- rooted kinds, half an inch deep, and about two inches and a half asunder : for the small twrni|)-rooted kinds, three quarters of an inch diei), and four or five inches asunder, and for the black turnij) or .Spanish six or ei'iht inches asunder, because the root grows to the size of a middle-sized turnip. As the jilants ad- vance in growth, thin them, so as to leave the spindle-rooted kinds two inches siiuare distance, and the other sorts three, four, or li\(', leaving the most s))ace to tlie respective sorts in free, growing weather ; water jiretty ireiiucntly, this swells the roots and makes them mild and crisji. The crops sown between the end of October and the end of February, besides l)eing favoured in situation, will want oc- casional shelter according to the weather. On the first approach of frost, whether the seed is just sown, or the jilants have ap- peared, cover the ground, either with clean straw, dry long haulm, or dried fern, two or three inches thick, or with mats suj)])orted with short stout pegs. The covering will keep oft' the birds, and liy its warm cft'ect on the mould, forward the germination of the seed. The time for removing or restoring it must be regulated by the weather ; as the ])lants should bo exposed to the full air whenever it can be safely done. If the season be cold without frost, take oft' the covering every morn- ing, and put it on towards evening, and if the weather be sliar]) and frosty, let it remain on night and day, till the plants have advanced into the lirst rough leaves, and alterwards occasionally till the atnios))liere is settled and temperate. Replace it con- stantly at night till there is no danger of much frost happening. ilicii wholly discontinue the covering. lindixh secd-jxxls should be taken for pickling when of plimip grow th, in July and August, when still young and green. Abercroiiibie says " to obtain the earliest spring Radishes, sow- on a hot-l>ed of dung or leaves some Ivirly Dwarf Short Tops, in Decemlier, January, or the beginning of I'ebruary. Having made a hot-bed two feet, or two and a half feet high of dung, place on a frame ; earth the bed at top six inches dee|) ; sow on the surface, covering the seed witli fine mould about half an inch thick, and put on the glasses. When the plants have come up, admit air every day, in mild, or tolerably good weather, by tilting the upper end of the lights, or sometimes the front, one, two, or tliree inches, that the Radishrs mav not dr.'iw up weak and long- shanked. If they have risen very thick, thin them, when young, moderately at lirst, to one or two inches apart. Be carefid to cover the frame at night with garden-mats or straw litter. Give gentle waterings about noon in sunny days. If the heat of the bed declines much, apply a moderate lining of warm dung or stable litter to the sides, which by gently renewing the heat will forward the Radishrs for drawing in February and March. Re- member, as the jilants advance in growth, to give more copious admissions of air daily ; either by tilting the lights several indies in front, or, in fine mild days, by drawing the glasses mostly off ; but be careful to draw them on again in proper lime. Small Turnip-rooted Radishes, or the white and red kinds, may be forced in the same manner. For raising earlv Rudislics on ground not accommodated with frames, a hot-bed made in I'ebru- ary may be arched over with hoop-bends, or jdiant rods, which should be covered with mats constantly at night, and during the day in very cold weather. In moderate days turn up the mats at the warmest side ; and on fine mild days take them oH' alto- gether." " For seed transplant a siifliciency of the finest plants in April or May, when the main crops arc in full perfection. Draw them for transplanting in moist weather, selecting thestraightest, best- coloured roots, with the shortest tops, preserving the leaves to each ; plant them by diblile, in rows, two feet and a half distant, inserting each root wholly into the ground, down to the leaves. Keep the kinds in separate situations to jirevent the commixture of the pollen, and to preserve the kinds distinct. With proper watering they will soon strike fresh root, and shoot U]) in branchy stalks; producing plenty ot" seed; which will be rijie in Sep- tember or October. In transplanting for seed the turnip-rooted kinds, select those with the neatest-shaped roundest roots, of moderate growth, and with smallest tops ; they, as the other, will ripen seed in autumn. To obtain seed of the winter sorts, sow- in spring to stand for seed ; or leave, or transplant in that season some of the winter standing full roots. As the difl'erent kinds ripen seed in autumn cut the stems, or gather the princiiial stems or brandies of pods ; and place them in an open, airy situ- ation, towards the snn, that the pod, which is of a tough texture, may dry and become brittle, so as re.idily to break and give out the seed freely, whether it be threshed or rubbed out." 2 R. cauda'tus (Lin. mant. 9.5. Lin. iil. dec. 1. t. 10.) pods depressed, acuminated, decumbent, longer than the whole plant. ©. H. Native of Java. Root fusiform. DilVering from the rest of this section in the jiods beinsi 1 -celled, and from the section Rai)hamslnim, in the pods not being torulosc, and from both by the calyx being bisaccate at the base, as well as the seeds being oblong, not round. The stems are purplish, w ith a glau- cous hue, at first they arc erect, but at last they become jiros- trate. Flowers the size of those of common Jl'iil/Jlunir; pur- jdish and veined, 'i'his plant is called in Java Muiigri, where the pods are gathered and eaten as a condiment. 7V(;/crf-podded Radish. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1815. PI. 1 foot. Sect. II. Raphani'stru.m (.iltered from Riiphaniis.) D. C. syst. 2. p. (iGfi. prod. 1. p. 229.— Ga.>rt. fruct. 2. p. 300. t. 143. Silique terete, acmninated, having the form of a necklace (f. 47. HI.) when mature, 1 -celled ; join's 1 -seeded. 3 R. rostra'tus (I). C. syst. 2. p. Gfiti.) pods 1-cclled, 4 or 5-seeded, with striated joints, shorter than tlie snlmlatc-conical style. O? II. Native of the north of Persia ne.ir Lenkeran. R. RaphanistrMm var. Fiscli. in litt. I'lowers purplish. i}c«/,-,'.'5. icon. Myagriim taraxacitoliuni, Lam. diet. 1. p. 570. no. 10. Bunias verrucosa, Mocneh. metli. 278. Bunias pcrennis, Mcx-ncli. snppl. i)l. Laelia orientalis, Dcsv. journ. hot. :i. p. IGO. I'ar. li, Wintcrli (D. C. syst. 2. p. C72.) leaves pubcscent- lioarv. Cramhe, spec. nov. Winterl, hort. Pcsth. Bunias Wiiiti'rli, Scliult. obs. p. 121. no. !)25. Or;.;,(«/ Bunias. Fi. .May, Jul. Clt. 1731. PI. 1 to 2 feet. Cult. Tliesc plants are not worth cultivating except in bo- lanic gardens. Tliey arc all propagated by seeds, which only rccpiire to be sown in the open ground. Trtbe XVIII. EHUCARIEVE (plant agreeing with Enicaiia in inanv import- ant characters,) or SPIROLOBE/E (See Sub-Order IV.) LO- MENTA'CEiE {loniciilum, a lomcnt ; shape of pods.) D. C. syst. 2. p. C73. prod. 1. p. 230. Silique lomentaccous, 2-jointed, lower joint 2-celh'd, upjjcr one ensiforni (f. 17. I.) Cotyledons replicate and somewhat spiral (f. 4.-5. /.) CIV. ERUCA'RIA (from eruca, rocket; analogy.) Gaert. fr. 2. p. 298. t. \13. f. 9. D. C. syst. 2. p. G73. prod. 1. p. 231. Lin. syst. Tclradijnamia, SiUqubsa. Character the same as tribe. Smooth, erect, branched, annual herbs. Stems round, whitish, older ones hard at the base. Caidine leaves pinnate- parted or rarely dee])ly-toothed, usually rather fleshy. Racemes opposite the leaves and terminal, elongating as they grow old ; l)edicels short, strictly erect, bractless. Flowers from white to |)urp!ish. Habit ol' CakUe. ^. 1. I'jipcr joint of silique ending in the fdiform style. 1 E. Ale'itica (Gaert. fruct. 1. c.) pods styliferous ; leaves ))innate-parted ; lobes linear, those of the lower leaves pinnatilid, those of the up])er ones entire. ©. IL Native of tlie islands in the Grecian Archi])elago ; in Asia-Minor ; about .Mcxan- dria, and in Syria near Aleppo. Vent. hort. eels. t. 64. Bunias mvagroides, Lin. mant. 96. Cordylocarpus laevigiitus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 563. Smith, fl. graec. t. C+9. Cakile mya- groides, Poir. supj)l. 2. p. 88 ? Didesnms mvagroides, Desv. journ. bol. 3. p. I (10? Stems glaucous at top. Flowers pale violet. Seed in the lower joint oblong, that in the upper orbf- cular. ///tfyi/jo Erucaria. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1080. PI. 1 foot. 2 E. latiko'lia (I). C. syst. 2. p. 67.').) pods styliferous, leaves pinnate-parted ; lol)es oblong, deeply toothed. O. H. Native of F.gypt, and in .">yria, near Aleppo. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. d5. Sinipis His|)anica, Herb. Banks. Flowers pale violet, not so large as those f)f" K. Aleppica. JJrond-lnuiil Erucaria. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 3 E. Oi.ivK nil (S])ren;.'. syst. 2. p. 915.) silique styliferous, scabrous; leaves pinnatifid, pubescent; segments linear, bluntly toothed. ©. 11. Native of .Syria between Mossul and Bagdad. Raphanus cakiloides, 1). C. syst. 2. p. 669. Flowers pale violet. Olirri's Erucaria. Fl. June, July. PI. i foot. 4 E. ! TENUiFo LiA (D. C. svst. 2. p. 675.) lower joint of pod 2-sceded, upper joint 1 -seeded ; leaves bipinnale-parled, lobes linear. Q. H. Native of Spain. Sinapis llispanica, Lin. •spec. 935. exclusive of the synonym of Tournefort. Flowers purplish. iSlendcr-lcavcd Erucaria. PI. 1 foot. fl E. iiYPooyK A (Viv. append, fl. cors. in. Schleeht. Linnere. 1. p. .iOl.) pods styliferous ; leaves pinnate; leaflets sessile, tri- angularly falcate; scai)e naked, 1-flowered. ©. 11. Native of Corsica. Sisymbrium monanthon, Viv. fl. libyc. The name is derived from vxo, under, and yi), the earth ; because the plant grows close to the earth. Hijpogeeus Erucaria. Fl. May, July. PI. 2 inches. §. 2, Upper joint of silique pointed with the sessile stigma. 6 E. cRAssiFOLiA (Delile, ill. fl. a?gyp. p. 20. pi. bot. t. 34. f. 1. descr. p. 100.) stigma sessile; beak longer than ])od ; leaves pinnate-parted, thick ; lobes linear. ©. H. Native of Egypt, fre<|uent about the .Saqijarali Pyramids. Bnissica crassifolia, l-'orsk. fl. ffigyp- arab. descr. p. 118. Herb fleshy. Flowers from white to violet, scarcely so large as those of jE. Aleppica. This j)lant has a hot taste like Cress. Thick-lcarcd Er'icaria. Fl. June, Dec. Clt. 1823. PI. | foot. 7 E. Hvkca'nica (D. C. syst. 2. p. 67G.) stigma sessile ; beak length of poll ; leaves few, grossly toothed. ©. ? 11. Native of the North of Persia. .Sisymbrium myagro afTine, Stev..in litt. Flowers when dry cream-coloured. Hyreanian Erucaria. Fl. Ju. July. PI. 1 to Ij foot. Cult. None of these plants are worth cultivating except in botanic gardens. The seeds only retpiire to be sown in the open ground, and the plants treated like other hardy annuals. Sub-order V. DIPLECOLO'BE/E (from OTrXa^, diplax, double, and Xo/joc, lobos, a lobe ; because the cotyledons have a double plait, or two legs, f. 45. m. f. 47. p.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 7 76. prod. 1. p. 230. Cotvledons incumbent, linear, with two legs or a double plait, that is to say plaited twice crosswise (f. 45. m. f. 47. p.). Seeds depressed. Tribe XIX. HELIOPHILE.E (plants agreeing with Ilcliophila in many char.icters,) or DIPLECOLO' BE^ (See Sub-order V.) SILI- QUO'S.E {siliqua, a long pod; pods long.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 676. prod. 231. Silique elongated (f. 47. o.), rarely oblong or oval, with a linear or oval dissepiment ; valves flat, or in those with elongated siliques rather convex (f. 47. o.). CV. CHAMI'RA (from x"/""' cf"i^>'<"> on the ground ; plant weak . 231. Lin. syst. Tetrmlymnnia, Siliquusa. Calyx with 2 spurs at the base. A smooth, weak herb. Leaves stalked, cordate, grossly toothed. Racemes lax ; pedicels flliform, bractless. Flowers white. Silitpie ovate-oblong. 1 C. cornu'ta (Thunb. I. c.) ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in the fissures of the rocks called \'itteklip. Heliojjbila eirceoides, Lin. 111. snppl. 298. Leaves alternate, almost kidnev-shaped. //())»c7/-ealyxedChamira. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1828. PI. j foot. Cull. The seeds of Chamira should be sown in a pot filled with a mixture of peat and sand, in the month of March, then ])laced in a hot-bed, and when the ])lants are grown to a suffi- cient size, which will be about the end of April, they may be ])laiited out into the open border, in a dry, warm situation, where they will flower, and ripen their seed. CVI. HELIOPIIILA (from .,\(or, helios; the sun, and lants grow in places ex- posed to the sun.) N. Biirm. in Lin. gen. no. 816. Lam. ill. t. 563. D. C. syst. 2. p. 677. prod. 1. p. 2.'11. LlN. svst. Tetradyniimia, Siliquti.'ia. Calyx equal at the base. Annual herbs or sub-shrubs. Roots slender. .Stem round, branched. Leaves very variable. Racemes elongated ; pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers yellow, white, but usu.illy blue. CRUCIFER.E. CVI. IlELioriiiLA. 2G5 Sect. I. Carpone'ma (from Kajiiroc, karpos, a fruit, and i'>j/(o, iicnia, a thread ; because of the slender pods.) D. C. syst. iJ. p. G79. prod. 1. p. 231. .Silique sessile, terete, scarcely contracted between the seeds, acuminated at both ends, indeliis- cent or hardly dehiscent. A weak annual herb. 1 H. FiLiFORMis (Lin. fil. suppl. 296.) herbaceous, smooth ; pods terete, tapering towards both ends ; leaves linear, awl- sliapcd. O. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lam. ill. t. 5(i3. f. 3. ? Flowers small, purplish, or bluish. /•V///o;w-podded Heliophila. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 178G. PI. U foot. Sect. IL Lepto'rmus (from Xiittoq, leptos, slender, and opfiog, ormos, a necklace ; in allusion to the pods being slender, as well as being contracted between the seeds, giving them the appearance of a necklace.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 680. prod. l.p. 231. Silique sessile, somewhat compressed, very slender, somewhat necklace-formed, contracted between the seeds ; joints ovate-ob- long. Smaller stamens usually furnished with a tooth. Annual herbs, intermediate between Sect. Onn'iscas and Carponema. 2 H. disse'cta (Thunb. prod. 108.) herbaceous, smooth; pods very slender, somewhat necklace-formed, terminated by the thick knotted stigma ; leaves filiform, entire, trilid or parted at the apex. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers blue. This is a very pretty species. f'ar. p, H. plnnata ; var. (Vahl. herb.) Flowers, when dry, white. Z^mecierf-leaved Heliophila. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1792. PI. | ft. 3 H. tene'ela (Banks, herb. D. C. syst. 2. p. 680.) herba- ceous, smooth ; pods ? Leaves filiform, entire ; stem simple. 0. H. Native of ? Very like //. dissecta, but the pods are imknown. Flowers blue ? Tender Heliophila. Fl. Ju. July. PI. | foot. 4 H, TENUisiLiQUA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 680.) herbaceous, smooth ; pods very slender, compressed, somewhat moniliform, terminated by the acuminated stigma ; leaves linear, entire. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 96. A'rabis Capensis, Burm. herb. Flowers when dry whitish, but when fresh probably reddish. Thin-podded Heliophila. PI. 1 foot. 5 H. longifo'lia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 681.) herbaceous, smooth ; pods very slender, compressed, somewhat moniliform ; stigma punctiform ; leaves linear, entire, or 3-parted. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers blue. Habit of //. ^(Ywff, but differs from it in the plant being smooth. Long-leaied Heliophila. Fl. ? PI. ^ foot. 6 H. soNCHiFOLiA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 681.) herbaceous, smooth ; pods slender, somewhat compressed, torulose ; radical leaves pinnatifid, with 2 or 3 pairs of linear lobes. ©. H. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers blue. Sepals oblong, hardly membranous on the margin. Habit of Sonchus picrutdes. Sowthistle-leaved Heliophila. Fl. Ju. July. PI. -J foot. Sect. III. OrmIscus (from opfwrKOQ, ormiskos, a small neck- lace ; because of the pods having links like a necklace.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 682. prod. 1. p. 231. Silique sessile, much com- pressed, moniliform, with the margins narrowed or contracted between the seeds ; joints orbicular, 1 -seeded ; seeds orbicular, much compressed. Stamens toothless in all except H. sessilifo- lia, no. 14. Herbs annual. 7 H. AMPLEXicAu'tis (Lin. fil. suppl. 296.) herbaceous, smooth ; pods moniliform ; lower leaves o])posite, upper ones alternate, cordate, stem-clasping, oblong, entire. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. fragm. 49. t. 64. f 2. Tren- tepohlia integrifolia, Mertens. H. integrifolia, Mus. hort. monsp. Flowers small, from white to purplish. VOL. I. PART III. .S7('m-c/««)ji/)'r-leaved Helioi)hila. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1774. PI. I foot. 8 H. riva'hs (Burch. cat. pi. afr. aust. extratrop. no. 5496.) herbaceous, smooth ; pods moniliform, erectish ; leaves pinnati- fid, with 3 or 4 pairs of linear-acute lobes ; petals obovate. 0. H. Native of the C.ipe of Good Hope, in humid places at Melkhout-Kraal, near Nysna. Lam. ill. t. 563. f 2. Flowers white, sometimes changing to lilac. i?UTr-side Heliophila. Fl. Jun. Sep. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 foot. 9 H. varia'uilis (Burch. cat. georgr. pi. afr. aust. extratrop. no. 1249.) herbaceous, smooth ; pods moniliform, erectish ; leaves pinnate-parted, with 3 or 4 pairs of linear-acute lobes ; petals oblong-linear. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope in the desert called Roggevveld-Karro, near Juck-river. Flowers at first white, but changing to pale rose. Habit of H. Chamce- meUfblia. Terminal lobe of leaf much elongated. r«;/rti/e-flowcred Heliophila. Fl. Ju. Sept. PL |^ foot. 10 H. pe'ndula (Willd, spec. 3. p. 529.) herbaceous smooth ; pods moniliform, pendulous ; leaves pinnate-parted, with 3 or 5 pairs of linear-entire lobes. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. H. pinnata. Vent. malm. t. 113. not Lin. H. coronopifolia, var. /3, Lam. diet. 3. p. 90. ill. t. 562. f. 2. Petals dirty-wiiite, with short yellowish claws. Av«/«taijr-podded Heliophila. Fl. Ju. Sep. Clt. 1792. PI. 1 to 1| foot. 11 H. tri'fida (Thunb. prod. 108.) herbaceous, smooth; pods moniliform, rather pendidous ; leaves trifid or pinnately- quinquefid; lobes entire, filiform. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. H. pinnata, Lin. fil. suppl. 297. Stems divid- ing at the neck into many branches, which form a tuft. Flowers small, purplish, almost like those o^ A'rabis i-erna. ri/>Meaved Heliophila. Fl. June, Sep. Clt. 1819. PI. 3 or 4 inches. 12 H. pusiLLA (Lin. fil. suppl. 297.) herbaceous, smooth ; pods moniliform, spreading ; leaves linear-setaceous, entire. © . H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. A'rabis Capensis, Burm. fl. cap. 18.— Pluk. mant. 135. t. 432. f. 2. Racemes corymbose, 6-8-flowered. Flowers small, white. Small Heliophila. Fl. Ju. Sep. Clt. 1824. PI. 2 inches. 13 H. LEPiDioiDEs (Link. enum. 2. p. 174.) herbaceous, smooth, decumbent ; pod erectly-spreading, oblong-ovate, some- what repand on the margin, few-seeded; leaves pinnatifid, witli linear-lobes 0. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Trentepohlia lepidioides, Roth. nov. spec. 326. ? Flowers white, very small. Cress-like He\io])hi\a. Fl. Ju. Sep. Clt. 1820. PI. 4 to | foot. 14 H. SESstLiFLo'RA (Burch. cat. geogr. pi. afr. aust. extra- trop. no 1318 and 1391.) herbaceous, smooth; pods moniliform; leaves pinnate-parted, with linear-subulate lobes ; stamens fur- nished on each side with a tooth. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in the territory called Roggeweld, near the Jackal- fountain. Habit nearly of H. pendula. Petals obovate, white. It is doubtful whether this plant belongs to this Section or to that oi Lepturmus. Scssik-Jlowercd UeWo^hiln. Fl. Ju. Sep. PI -J foot Sect. IV. Selenocarp.e'a (from aiKvtri, scLne, the moon, and KafjTToc, karpos, a fruit ; in allusion to tlie shape of the pods as well as the former name of the plants.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 684. prod. 1. p. 232. Silicles sessile, compressed, oval or orbicular, few-seeded. Seeds compressed, orbicidar. Smooth annual herbs, branching from the base. 15 H. DiFFU sA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 685.) herbaceous, smooth; pods oval-oblong, 4-8-seeded ; leaves pinnate-parted, with fili- form entire lobes. 0. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lunaria diffusa, Thunb. prod. 107. Farsetia diffusa, Desv. M M •2GG CRUCIFER.E. CVI. Heliopiiila. joiirii. bot. 3. p. 173. Ricotia multifiila, Herb. Banks. Tren- tepolilia lepidioidcs, Roth. nov. spec. 320. ? Flowers small, whitish ? Seeds 2- !■ in eacli cell. /)/Jtue-branched Heliopiiila. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1818. Pi. I foot. 10 H. I'ELTa'uia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 085.) herbaceous, sniootli ; pods oval-orbicidar, 2-1-seeded ; leaves j)innatc-])artcd ; lobes linear, entire. ©.11. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Peltaria Cap^nsis, Lin. fil. suppl. 296. Lunariapinnata, Tliunb. prod. 107. Auriiiia Capensis, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 102. Farsetia pinnata, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 173. I'lowers small, whitish. Cells of silicle \isually 1-seeded. .9/i(V/(/-poddLd Heliopiiila. Fl. June, Sept, Clt. 1820. PI. I to ^ foot. Sect. V. Orth6si:lis (from op9oc, or/Aoi, upright, and fftXic, sells, the side of a leaf; because the margins of the pods are straight, or nearly so.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 085. prod. 1. p. 232. Siliques sessile, compressed, linear, with straight margins, or scarcely contracted between the seeds, (f. 17, o.) apiculate by the style. Lateral stamens usually toothless. §. 1. Annual Herbs. 17 H. I'lLo'sA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 90.) stem hispid with spreading hairs ; jiods linear ; leaves rather hairy, sometimes linear, entire, sometimes trifid at the top, and cuneated at the base. 0. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals pale blue, twice the length of the calyx. .\n elegant plant. far. a, inlcgrifilia (1). C. syst. 2. p. 085.) leaves linear, en- tire. H. integrilolia, Lin. spec. 920, exclusive of the synonym of Pluk. Jac<[. icon. rar. 3. t. 500. Cheiranthus Africanus, Lin. amocn. acad. 6. p. 90. Heliopiiila, Barm. nov. act. ups. 1. p. 1773. p. iVn/e-leaved Heliopiiila. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1819. PI. ^ to ^ foot. 19 H. iNcisA (Herb. Banks, and D. C. syst. 2. p. 687.) smootii ; pods linear ; leaves oblong, cuneated at the base, lobcd at the top ; lobes narrow, acute. 0. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers middle-sized, yellow, C«/-leaved Heliopiiila. Fl. June, Sept. PI. 4 foot- 20 H. uivarica'ta (Herb. Banks, and D. C. syst. 2. p. 687.) smooth ; jiods ? leaves linear, quite entire ; branches spreading. ©. ? H, Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers when dry yellowish. Habit of Lcpidiuni graminifdliiim. Z)irnric«^'-branched Hiliophila. Fl. Ju, Sept. PI. J foot. 21 H. coiio.s'oriFo LiA (Lin. spec. 927, exclusive of the sy- nonym of Phik.) smooth ; pods linear ; leaves pinnate-parted ; lobes linear, quite entire, ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — Hcrni. lugd. 300. .ind 367. icon. Flowers blue-violet, spreading. Perhaps belonging to this section. Buck-horn-leaved Heliopiiila. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1778. IM. 1 to 2 feet. 22 H. sTRicTA (Sims, bot. mag. 2526.) leaves hairy, lower ones lanceolate, pinnatifid, upper ones linear, quite entire ; )iods straight, mucronate, pubescent, ©. H, Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers blue, 1 5/rniV;i/-podded Heliopiiila, Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. i to 1 foot. 23 H. TRiFu'ncA (Burcli. cat. geogr. pi. afr. aust. extrairop. no, 1487.) smooth; pods linear, deHexed ; leaves very narrow, 3-forked ; lobes linear, very entire. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, near Sack river. H. tripartita, Thunb. prod. 108? Petals large, obovato, appearing when dry pale- purplish, 1 lines long, and 3 lines broad. Thrce-furked-\ediStii\. Heliophila. Fl. June, Sept. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 24 H. PF.cTiNATA (Burch cat. geogr. pi. afr. auslr. extratrop. no. 1302, and 1397.) smooth; jiods linear, pendulous; leaves pinnate-parted, with 4 or 5 pair of approximate lobes. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in lloggeweld territory, near the rivulet called Riet river. Farsetia elongata, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 173? Flowers small, whitish. Stem much branched. Seeds small, not margined. Pc'cfinnicrf-leaved Heliophila. Fl. June. Sept. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 foot. 25 H. fcenicila'cea (R. Br. in hort. kew, ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 100.) hairy; pods linear, spreading ; leaves pinnately or bipin- nately parted ; lobes filiform. ©. H. Native of the Cipe of Good Hope. Flowers small, purple. Fennel-like Heliophila. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1774. PI. 1^ foot. 20 H. CHAM.BMELiroLiA (Burcli. eat. geogr. jil. afr. austr. extratrop. no. 1220.) pilose at the base, smooth at the top ; pods linear, erectish ; leaves pinnate-parted; lobes linear, very entire, acute. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, at Onge- luke's river, in Roggeweld's-Karro. Flowers white. Plant very like H. crithmifolia, but differs in not being pubescent. Camomilc-lcavcd Helioiihila. Fl. June, Sept. Pit. \ foot. 27 H. CRiTiiMiFOMA (Willd. cnum. 2. p. 082.) velvety-pu- bescent ; pods linear, drooping ; leaves pinnate-parted ; some- what fleshy ; lobes rather filiform, and furrowed on the upper surface. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 97. .Sisymbrium crithniifbliuni. Roth. nov. pi. spec. 225. Flowers small, violet. far. /3, H.parvijlora (Burch cat. geogr. afr. aust. extratrop. no. 1230.) Not differing from tlie species, unless that the fiow- ers are white, not violet. Samphire-leaved Heliophila. Fl. June, July. Clt. J 816. PI. i foot. § 2 Stents frulescent or shrtihhij. 28 H. ABUOTANiFoLiA (licrb. Bauks and D. C. syst. 2. p. 690.) smooth ; pods linear, spreading ; leaves 3 to 5-lobed ; lobes awl- shaped, short. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers middle-sized, white ? Calyxes membranous. Seeds flat, margined, orbicular. Sotithernnood-lcavcd Heliophila, Shrub J foot. 29 H. r,LAi:'cA (Burch. cat. geogr. afr. austr. cxtratro)). no. 4782.) smooth, glaucous ; pods linear, erect ; leaves oblong, rather fle.shy, lower ones lilunt, upper ones acute. Tj. G, Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white, about the size of those of I'cUa psciido-cijtisus. J'ar. a, Candida (D. C. syst. 2. p. 690.) flowers white. Burch. 1. c. no. 4782. Native near Locri river. I'ar. fi, piirpiirdsccns (D. C. syst. 1. c.) flowers tinged with purple. Burch. 1. c. no. 4969, Native in the territory ot Langekloof. Glaucous Heliophila. Shrub H to 2 feet. 30 H. FAscicLLA Ris(herb. Banks, and D. C. syst. 2. p. 091.) smooth; Jiods linear, somewhat erect, scarcely longer than the pedicels; leaves filiform. t; . G. Native of the Cape of Good CRUCIFER/E. CVI. IlLLioniiLA. 267 Hojic. Flowers i Bearing small kaiy hranclies in the axils of the leaves. Siliqtie linear, a line in breaillh. Binidleii Heliophila. Shrub 1 foot. ;31 H. suAvi'ssiMA (Burch. cat. geogr. pi. afr. aust. extra- trop, no. ^742.) smooth ; pods almost linear, narrowed at the base, spreading ; leaves linear-subidate, acutish. T; . G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope, near Plettenbergs-Baaken. H. ji'mcea, Vahl. herb. Flowers very sweet-scented, violet. I'cry-sivcet-sccnted-Rowered Heliophila. Shrub 1 foot. 32 H. subula'ta (Burch. cat. geogr. afr. aust. extratrop. no. G214.) pubescent; pods linear, spreading, not narrowed at the base ; leaves linear-subulate, very acute. 1; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, at Hartenbosch, near Mossel Bay. This plant, at first sight, has the appearance of a variety of //. suav'issimit. Flowers violet ? Petals oblong. Siibiilate-haved Fleliophila. Shrub 1 foot. Si) H. platysi'liqua (R. Br. in hort. kew, ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 99.) smooth ; pods linear, erect, or pendulous ; leaves fleshy, terete. T; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Flope. Chei- ranthus carnosus, Thunb. prodr. 108. Hesperis cheiranthus carnosus, Poir. suppl. a. p. 197. Flowers purple. Sepals with membranous margins. Stems whitish. Broad-podded Heliophila. Fl. July, August. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 foot. 34 H. lineabifo'lia (Burch. cat. geogr. afr. austr. extra- trop. no. 347, and 793.) smoothish ; pods erect, linear, pointed with the style ; leaves linear, acute, quite entire. \ • G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope, in the vicinity of Cape Town. Flowers blue. Stems erect, or decumbent. I'ar. (i, hirsiila (Burch. 1. c. no. 5518.) plant rather hairy. Native at Nysna, in the region of Anteniqua-land. Linear-leaied Hehophila. Fl. July, August. Clt. 1819. Shrub 1 foot. So H. STYLo*sA (Burch. cat. geogr. afr. aust. extratrop. no. 3291.) smooth; pods linear, pendulous; style filiform longer than the pedicel ; leaves linear, quite entire. '^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, at Komme-dakka. Petals oblong- linear, apparently from yellow to reddish in a dry state. Long-styled Heliophila. Fl. July, August. Shrub |- to | ft. 3G H. viRGA TA (Burch. cat. pi. afr. austr. extratrop.) smooth ; pods somewhat deflexed, linear, pointed with the filiform style, which is longer than the pedicel ; leaves ovate, entire, or toothed. •t . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Var. a, integrifolia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 693.) leaves entire ; flowers yellowish-white. Burch. 1. c. no. 4605. I'ar. fl, deniata (D. C. 1. c.) leaves grossly and sharply toothed ; flowers white, sweet-scented. Burch. 1. c- no. 3933. Twiggy Heliophila. Shrub 2 feet. 37 H. scopa'ria (Burch. cat. geogr. pi. afr. austr. extratrop. no. 7887, and 8557.) smooth ; pods erect, linear, ending in the short style ; (f. 47, o.) leaves linear-subidate ; racemes few-flowered. y . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in the vicinity of Cape Town, and on the Baviaans-Kloof mountains. Cheiran- thus strietus, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 781. Flowers white, tipped with red. Habit of plant very unlike any of the other species of Helioplida. — Deless icon. sel. 2. t. 98. fi;-oow Heliophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1802. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. Sect. VI. Pachy stylum (from iraxfe, pachys, thick, and arvXoQ, stylos, a style ; because tlie pods are terminated by a thick conical style.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 694. prod. 1. p. 234. Siliques sessile, somewhat compressed, linear, velvety, crowned by the thick conical short style. A pubescent sub-shrub, with entire leaves. 38 H. iNCA na (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. p. 397. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 99.) pods linear, compressed, velvety, terminated by the thick. conical, smooth style ; leaves oblong. \ . G. Native of tlie Cape of Good Hope. H. frutescens. Lam. diet. 3. p. 91. Petals blueish-purple, longer than the calyx. //ortry Heliophila. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1774. Shrub 2 ft. Sect. VH. Lanceolaria (from lancea, a lance; lanceolate shape of pods.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 695. prod. 1. p. 235. Siliques sessile, lanceolate, ending in a short style ; seeds large. Cotyle- dons 2-legged, somewhat twisted. A little smooth shrub. 39 H. macrospe'rma (Burch. cat. geogr. pi. afr. austr. ex- tratrop. no. 3425.) pods lanceolate, ending in the short style ; leaves linear, acute. T; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on rocks at Zwart-Waterpoost. Flowers imknown. Large-seeded Heliophila. Shrub 1 foot. Sect. VIH. Carpopodium (from kapn-oc, karpos, a fruit, and TTouc ■Koioc,pouf p)odos, a foot ; in allusion to the pods being seated on pedicels.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 695. prod. 1. p. 235. Siliques compressed, elongated, linear, standing on long pedicels, pointed by the short style. A smooth erect shrub. 40 H.cLEOMorDES (D. C. syst. 2. p. 695.) pods compressed, pedicellate ; leaves linear-lanceolate. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 99. Cleome Ca- pensis, Lin. spec. 940. Cheiranthus strietus, Lin. fil. suppl. 296. Petals oblong, yellow, a little longer than the calyx. C/t'0)nf-/;/.-c Heliophila. Fl. July. Clt. 1802. Sh. 1 foot. f Species not sxifficienlly known. 41 H. mollugi'nea (D. C. syst. 2. p. 696.) ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.— Pluk aim. 213. t. 200. f. 3. Weinm. phyton. t. 041. f. c. from the figure the leaves are op- posite, 3-parted, with linear acute lobes. Flowers blue. Mollugo-likc Heliophila. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 42 H. liniflo'ra (D. C. syst. 2. p. 696.) 0. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — Herm. lugd. b. 366. Pods up- right. Leaves narrow, toothed. Flowers blue. — Tourn. inst. 223. ^ Flajc-floKered Heliophila. Fl. June, July. PI. i foot. 43 H. iieterophy'lla (Thunb. prodr. 107.) ©.? H. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Stem branched ; leaves fili- form, lower ones 3-parted, upper ones entire. Scarcely differing from H. linearifoUa. Various-leaved Heliophila. PI. 1 foot. 44 H. lyra'ta (Thunb. prodr. p. 108.) Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves lyrate. Pods terete. Zi/ra/e-leaved Heliophila. Fl. ? PI. ? 45 H. LiNEA Ris (D. C. syst. 2. p. 697.) ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Hesperis cheiranthus linearis, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 197. Cheiranthus linearis, Thunb. prodr. 108. Stems erect, herbaceous. Leaves linear, smooth. i;»ear-leaved Heliophila. PI. 1 foot. 46 H. CALLO^SA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 696.) I; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Cheiranthus callosus, Lin. fil. suppl. 296. Stem shrubby, angular. Leaves lanceolate entire, callose. Co//oi«-leaved Heliophila. Shrub 1 ? foot. 47 H. GRAMiNEA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 697.) ©• H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Cheiranthus gramineus, Thunb. prodr. 108. Hesperis cheiranthus gramineus, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 167. Stem herbaceous, simple, erect. Radical leaves ensiform. GrawV-leaved Heliophila. PI. 1 foot. 48 H. ? elonoa'ta (D. C. syst. 2. p. 697.) ©. H. ?^ Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Cheiranthus elongiltus, Thunb. prodr. 108. Hesperis cheiranthus elongatus, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 197. Stem herbaceous, erect. Leaves linear, entire, smooth. Elongated Heliophila. PI. | foot. Cull. This genus is composed of pretty little plants, which deserve to be cultivated in every garden. The seeds of the annual IVI It 2 •268 CKUCIFnR.r.. CVII. SiDLLARH. CVIII. PLATVrETALUNf. CIX. BRACHVCAlir.F.A. ex. ScmZOPETAI.ON. kinds should hv sown in pots early in the sprinf;, and ])laccd eitlier in a green-house or ■;;entle liot-hed ; and in May tlie i)lants sliould he planted out into the open border, in a warm dry situation. A li;ilit sandy soil will suit them best. The green-house species are all little shnd)by plants, and grow freely in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat. 'I'hey may be either increased by seeds, or young cuttings will root readily if planted in a pot of sand, and then placed under a hand-glass. Tribe XX. SUBULARIE'.i; (])lants agreeing witli Suhultir'ia in some characters), or DIPLKCOLOBE/i; (see Sub-Ord. V.) LATI- SEPTyE (from tatus, broad, and septum, a partition ; dissepi- ment broad.) D. C. syst. 2. p. ()97. prod. 1. p. 235. Silicic oval, (f. 47. H.) with an elliptical dissepiment, convex valves, many-seeded cells, and a sessile stigma, (f. 47. h.) Cotyledons plaited twice cross-wise. (f. 45. m. f. 47. p.) CVII. SUBULA'RIA (from iH^M/n, an awl ; form of leaves.) Lin. gen. no. 799. D. C. syst. 2. p. 697. prod. 1. p. 235. Lin. syst. Tetradynitmia, Silkulbsa. Siliele oval, with con- vex valves, and 4-sceded cells, (f. 17. h.) and a sessile punctiform stigma. Calyx closed. A little aquatic, stemless hcrl), with fas- cicular, simple, white, fibrous roots. Radical leaves linear, awl- shaped. Scapes naked, few-flowered. Pedicels filiform, bract- less. Flowers small, white. 1 S. aqia'tica (Lin. spec. 896.) ©. H. Native of the colder parts of Europe, in ditches, lakes, rivulets, and rivers, with a sandy or gravelly bottom ; viz. Lapland, Sweden, Nor- way, at Petersburg along the Neva, Germany, &c., plentiful in the north of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Oed. fl. dan. t. .35. Smith engl. hot. 732. Schkulir handb. 2. no. 1762. t. 180. Driiba subularia, Lam. ill. t. 556. f. :}. Dr. Hooker has con- firmed Sir James Smith's account of the flowers always being several feet under water, where he observed them to be con- stantly expanded, so that the impregnation actually takes place in that element. The leaves are about 8 or 10 lines long, awl- shape', petaluii, a petal ; petals broad.) K. Br. in app. Parry's voy. p. 8. Lin. syst. Tttratli/niitnia, Siliciilosa. Silicic oval, with con- vex valves, crowned by a short style. Seeds numerous in the cells, disposed in two rows. Calyx spreading. Petals dilated. Pliuits with the habit of liraija, which it agrees with in the structure of the flowers, and in the cotyledons being incumbent. To Subularia it is more nearly allied, in the cotyledons being narrow and 2-legged. 1 P. ruiiruRA'scENs (R. Br. 1. c.) stigma 2-Iobed, spreading ; style manifest; scape naked, or furnislied with 1-leal", pul>cs- ccnt; pods smoothish. ■);. M. Native of .Melville Island. Root fusiform, with numerous short undivided stems, rising from its neck. Stems short, n.iked at the base, but leafy at the top. Leaves oblong, bluntish, usually quite entire, thick, rather pilose at the top. Calyx purplish ; petals white, with a faint tinge of puritle. Flowers 4 to 6, in a bractless corymb. /'((ry)/;,s/j-llowered Platypetaluni. PI. i- foot. 2 P. DUBii M (R. Br. 1. e.) stigma undivided, almost sessile ; pods and scapes pubescent. 1/ . II. Native at Melville Island. Doubtful Platy])ctalum. PI. \ foot. Cult. These little alpine ]ilants will require to be grown in pots filled with a mixture of peat and sand, and treated as other alpine plants. They may be either increased by cuttings, made of the barren shoots, or by seeds. Tribe XXI. BRACMVCARPE.E.orDIPLECOLOBE.E (see Sub-Ord. V.) ANGUSTISE'PT.'E (angustus, narrow, and septum, a par- tition ; dissepiment narrow.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 698. prod. 1. j). 235. Silicle didymous (f. 51. «.), or twin, with a very narrow dissepiment, and very ventricose valves, one-seeded cells, and a short style, (f. 51. b.) Cotyledons biplicate ? CIX. BRACHYCARPiE'A (from /3paxfc, hrachys, short, and cojjjToc, karpos, a fruit ; alluding to the short pods.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 698. prod. 1. p. 2.35. Character the same as tribe. A little smooth twiggy shrub, with a pod like that of Scncbiera or Bisculella, and with the habit of the shrubby species of Ileliophila (f. 5 1 .). 1 B. v.\'rians (D. C. syst. 2. p. FIG. 51. 699.) sud'rutieose, smooth ; pods somewhat twin ; leaves oblong-li- near. J; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Coronopus ano- raalus, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 853. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 200. Flowers large. I'ar. a,fluva (D.C. 1. c.) flowers yellow. Ileliophila flava, Lin. fil. suppl. 297. .Myagrum grandiflo- rum, herb. Banks. Var. /), purpurtiscens (D. C. 1. c.) flowers purplish. Polygala brac- teolcita, Burm. herb. Varipng Brachycarpaea. Shrub 1 to l.| foot. Cult. This curious little shrub will thrive well in a mixture of sand, loam and peat ; and young cuttings will root freely under a hand-glass, if planted in a pot of sand. Sin-ORDER VI. SCHIZOPETALIE'.E. Cotyledons 4, twisted separately, whorled. Calyx closed. Petals pinnatifid. Filaments nearly equal. Glands 4, linear, erect, nearly opposite the petals. Style very short, crowned by 2 appro.xiniate stigmas, which arc decurrent at the base. .Silique torose, sessile, 2-celled, narrow-linear. Seeds in one row. Radicle white, .irched, a little longer than the seed. ex. SCHIZOPE'TALON (from delphous at the base. .Siliquc stipitate. 3 Gynandro'i'SIS. Calyx of 4-spreading sepals. Petals 4. Receptacle elongated. .Stamens C, monadelphous around the torus, and free at the top. Siliquc stipitate. 4 Cleo'me. Calyx of 4-spreading, nearly equal sepals. Pe- tals 4. Receptacle somewhat hemispherical. Stamens 6, rarelv 4, free. Siliquc stipitate or sessile. 5 PoLANi'siA. Calyx of 4-spreading sepals. Petals 4. Sta- mens 8-32, free. Receptacle small. Silique sessile or on a short stipe, terminated by a distinct style. G Piiysoste'mon. Calyx of 4 sepals. Petals 4. St.imens 6-8, unequal, free, inflated tmder the anthers. Receptacle mar- ginate. Silique sessile. 7 Coryna'ndra. Calyx of 4 sepals. Petals 4. Stamens numerous ; filaments clavated, and coloured at the top ; anthers curved. Silique sessile, 2-valved. Tribe II. CAiT.ORE.f;. Fruit rather Jleshij, imlchiscent (f. 52. /.). Shrubs and trees, rarely herbs, with simple or ternatc leaves. 8 Crat.e'va. Sepals 4. Petals 4, larger than the calyx. Stamens 8-28. Torus elongated or hemispherical. Berry sti- pitate, ovate-globose, pul])y inside. 9 Kitcihe'a. Calyx of 4 sepals, valvate in the bud. Pe- tals 1, much longer than the calyx. Stamens 10-20, incurved. Torus elevated, glanduliferous. Berry stipitate, globose, crown- ed by a sessile stigma. 10 NiEBUiiRiA. Sepals 4, valvate in the bud. Petals want- ing, or shorter than the calyx. Torus cylindrical, very short. Stamens indefinite. Berry stipitate, ovate or cylindrical. 11 BosciA. Sepals 4. Petals none. Stamens 12-20, in- serted in the short torus. Berry stipitate, globose, 1 -seeded. 12 Ca'daba. Sepals 4. Petals 4 or wanting. Nectary strap- formed, emanating from the base of the sub-cylindrical torus. Stamens 4-5, monadelphous at the base. Berry stipitate, cylin- drical. 13 Sciieppe'ria. Sepals 4, spreading. Petals 4. Torus elongated. Stamens 8, monadoli)hous around the torus, but free at the top. Nectary coneave at the base of the torus. Silique fleshy, stipitate. 14 Soda'ba. Sepals 4, the superior one is large and con- cave. Petals 4. Stamens 8 ] Torus small. Ovary ovate, 4- furrowed, on a long stipe. 15 Ca'pparis. Calyx 4-parted (f. 52. «.). Pet.ils 4 (f. 52. b.). Torus small (f. 52. c). Stamens numerous (f. 52. c). Silique somewhat baccate, stipitate (f. 52./.). Stipe long and slender (f. 52. rf.). IC Stepha'nia. Calyx campanulate, 2-lobed (f. 54. a.). Petals 4 (f. 54. 6.). Torus small (f. 54. c). Stamens C (f. 54. C. Iru/iiUA (D.C. prod. 1. p. 210.) herbaceous, covered with glandular pubescence ; leaves trifoliate, on short petioles ; siliques on short stipes, puberidous, somewhat pendulous, toru- lose, scarcely longer than the pedicels of the flowers. ©• H. Native of Iberia about Tiflis. Cleome ornithopodioides Iberica, Bieb. rt. taur. 2. p. l.iO. Flowers vcUowish. Iberian C\comQ. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt.1820. PI. i to 1 foot. 3G C. viroa'ta (.Stev. in litt.) herbaceous, covered with glan- dular pubescence ; leaves trifoliate, on short petioles ; leaflets oblong-linear ; silicpies on short stipes, puberulous, somewhat ))endulous, torulose, three times longer than the pedicels. Q.H. Native of the north of Persia. Buxb. cent. 1 . t. t*. f 2. Flowers yellowish, with saflron anthers. 7'n/>i'y Cleome. Fl. June, July.' Clt.1820. PI. 1 foot. 37 C. BRACHYCA'urA (Vahl. incd.) suflruticose ; younger plants glandular, adult ones smooth ; leaves trifoliate, on short petioles ; leaflets oval-oblong, thick ; siliques sessile, ovate, terete, bearing the style. 1/ . F. Native of Arabia. Cleome ornithopodioides, I'orsk. fl. arab. no. 402. Flowers yellowish. Short-podded Cleome. PI. 1 foot. 38 C. FOLioLo'sA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 240.) herbaceous, smooth, glaucous ; leaves almost sessile, trifoliate ; leaflets and upper leaves almost orbicular ; silitiues almost sessile, oblong-linear, beset with glandular hairs. Q.H. Native of Persia. Flowers whitish, or rather yellowish. Leafij Cleome. PI. 1 foot. 39 C. CANE'scENs(Stev.ined.) herbaceous, glaucescent, some- what strigosely-pubescent ; leaves 3-1-foliate ; leaflets and upper leaves oblong-linear ; siliques stipitate, puberulous, erectish, torulose, equal in length with the pedicels of flowers. O- H. Native of southern Tauria. Flowers yellowish. Canescent Cleome. PI. 1 foot. 40 C. PARVULoRA (R. Br. in Salt's abyss. C5.) herbaceous, covered with glandular pubescence; leaves 4-foliate ; leaflets and upper leaves elliptical-ovatc ; siliques sessile, oblong, covered with glandular pubescence, bearing the style, somewhat shorter than the pedicels. ©. H. Native of .Abyssinia. Flowers yellowish. Petioles as well as nerves prickly. SmaU-Jloncrcd Cleome. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 41 C. a'spera (Keen. ined. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 241.) herba- ceous, clothed with rough hairs ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets ob- long ; siliques sessile, terete, smooth, acuminated with the style. ©. H. Native of Coromandel. Wahxt oi Polantsiafclhia,h\\t the flowers are hexandrous. Flowers yellowish. Rough Cleome. PI. 1 foot. 42 C. fla'va (Banks, herb, et D. C. prod. 1. p. 241.) herba- ceous, covered w itii glandidar pubescence, somewhat glaucous ; lower leaves quinate ; u])per ones ternale ; leaflets oblong ; sili(]ues sessile, striated, clothed with glandular pubescence. ©. H. Native of New Holland. Flowers yellow. l'e//ow-flowercd Cleome. PI. 1 foot. 43 C. rutidospe'rma (D. C. |)rod. 1. p. 241.) herbaceous, smooth ; leaves all trifoliate ; Ifaflcts oval-oblong ; silitpves smooth, stipitate, elongated, pointed. ©. II. Native of To- bago 1 Habit of Gi/nandrojjiis triphylta, but the torus is not elongated. I'lowers whitish. Jiough-sccded Cleome. PI. 1 foot. 44 C. poly'gama (D. C. prod. 1. p. 241.) herbaceous, smooth ; leaves stalked, lower ones simple, the rest trifoliate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, somewhat .serrulated ; sili- ques almost sessile, terete, .smooth. ©. S. Native of the West India Islands. Flowers white, with purple stamens ; anthers yellow. t nr. a, C. jwlijpama, Lin. spec. i»39. — Sloane, jam. t. 124. f. 1. Var. /3, C. scrriila, Lin. spec. 939. Jacq. anur. ed. pict. t. 362. f. 73. a leaf. Flowers white. Polijsramous Cleome. Fl. June, July. CIt. 1824. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 45 C. acilea'ta (Lin. syst. 3. p. 232.) herbaceous, smooth ; stipulas spinescent ; leaves trifoliate, floral ones ovate ; siliques somewhat stipitate, terete, torulose, smooth. ©. S. Native of -.South .\nierica, in sandy places. I-'lowers white. /•r;c%-stipided CleJme. Fl. July. CIt. 1817. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 4C C. Houst6ni (K. Br. in hort'. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 131.) herbaceous, clothed with glandular down ; stipulas and jjctioles spinescent ; leaves ternate or quinate ; floral ones oval-oblong ; siliques on short stipes, clothed with glandular down. ©. H. Native of Jamaica. Mart. dec. t. 45. Flowers white. Houston's Cleome. Fl. Jul. .\ug. CIt. 1730. PI. 1 to U foot. 47 C. HtMBo'LDTii (I). C. prod. 1. p. 141.) herbaceous, smooth ; petioles long, prickly ; leaves ternate or quinate, floral ones ovate, on short stalks, shorter than the pedicels; siliques stipitate, smooth, pointed with the style. Native of South America. Cleome parviflora, Hunib. Bonpl. and Kth. nov. gen. 5. p. 83. not of H. Br. Flowers white. Humboldt's Cleome. Fl. Ju. July. PI. 1 to 1^ foot. 48 C. DiFFL'sA (Banks, herb. et. D. C. prod. 1. p. 241.) herbaceous, smoothish, difl^lise ; stipulas spinescent ; leaves trifo- liate, floral ones ovate, shorter than the pedicels ; siliques oblong- linear, C-times longer than the stipe. ©. S. Native about Kio Janeiro, in Brazil. Flowers white. Diffuse C\eome. Fl. Ju. Jul. CIt. 1823. PI. 1 foot long. 49 C. AFFfxis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 241.) herbaceous, smooth- ish, difluse, unarmed ; leaves trifoliate, flor.il ones ovate, shorter than the pedicels ; siliques oblong-linear, 10-times longer than the stipe. ©. .S. Native of Brazil, at Hio Janeiro. Very like C. diyiisa. Flowers whitish. Allied Cleome. Fl. Ju. Jul. PI. 1 foot. 50 C. ri-re'lla (Burtli. cat. no. 2025. trav. 1. p. 543.) her- baceous, covered with glandidar pubescence ; leaves with 5 -linear, smooth, glaucous leaflets ; siliques sessile, smooth, pubescent. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers reddish. /ff(/(/(.v/(-flowered Cleome. PI. 1 foot. 51 C. anoistifo'lia (Forsk. a'gyp. p.l20.) herbaceous, smooth, dotted at the top ; lower leaves with 7 leaflets, upper ones tri- foliate ; leaflets linear filiform ; siliques stipitate, pendulous. ©. H. Native of .\rabia Felix. Cleome filifolia, Vahl. symb. 1. p. 48. Flowers with yellow petals, and violet and yellow- anthers and fdaments. .\arron-lenvcd Cleome. PI. 1 foot. •|" Species not siiffieicnlJ ij known. 52 C. pARADo'xA (R. Br. in Salt's abyss, p. 65.) sufl'ruti- cose at the ba.se, smooth; herbaceous at the top and scabrous with glandular hairs ; leaves ternate. or quinate ; leaflets glaucous, ob- long-linear, much shorter than the nniricated petiole. I; . S. Native of Abyssinia. Flowers whitish ! Paradoxical Cleome. Fl. June, July. PI, 1 foot. 53 C. cineifo'lia (.Muhl. from Nut. gen. amer. 2. p. 73.) herbaceous, smooth ; leaves simple, cuneated, retuse ; siliques stipitate. ©. H. Native of Georgia, in North America. Flow- ers white ; filaments (>, long, capillary. JVedge-lcaced Cleome. Fl. Jtine, July. PI. 1 foot. 54 0? ARBOREA (Schr.id in Goett. anz. 1821, p. 707.) un- armed, polyandrous ; stamens seateil near the b.ase of the stipe of the ovary ; leaves ovate, acuminated. h . .S. Native of Paraiba, in Brasil. A tree, with small yellow flowers. Perhaps a species of Polanisia. Tree Cleome. Tree 30 feet. Cull. The shrubby species of Cleome thrive best in a rich light soil, and ripened cuttings root freely mider a hand-glass, in a mo- derate heat ; but as most of the species seed freely, this will be CAPPARIDEiE. V. Poi.anisia. VI. PuysosTUMON. VII. Corynandra. 275 unnecessary. The seeds of the annual species require to be sown on a liot-bed frame, early in spring; and when the plants are of sufficient size they shoidd be planted out into the open border, but tliis sliould never be done before the middle of Alay. The biennial species require to be kept in the stove ; cuttings of these will strike root freely under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat. V. POLANI'SIA (ttoXu, "polij, many, anaoQ., anisos, un- equal ; st.imens ninuerous and unequal.) Raf. journ. phys. aout. IS 19. p. ;)S. D. C. prod. 1. p. 242. Lin. syst. Octo-Polyundria, Monogijnia. Calyx 4-sepalled, spreading. Petals 4. Stamens 8-^2. Torus small. Silique sessile within the calyx, or scarcely stipitate, terminated by a dis- tinct style. Annual herbs with the habit of C7eome. Sect. I. Braciiy'styla (from /Bpaxwc, hrachys, short, and cTTvXoQ, stylos, a style ; because of the style being shorter than theo\"ary.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 24.2. Style shorter than the ovary. This section, according to Mr. Brown, includes in addition to the species from which the genus was formed, at least two sets of plants having very little affinity with eacli other, or with the original species, whose only congener is P. wnglanduVosa. 1 P. dia'nthera (D. C. syst. 1. p. 242.) smooth, somewhat prickly ; leaflets 7, linear-filiform ; stamens 8, 6 sterile, and 2 bearing antliers ; silique stipitate, pendulous. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Cleome diandra, Burch. trav, 1. p. 548. cat. no. 2103. Flowers red. Tivo-anthcred Polanisia. Fl. Jnlj', Aug. PI. IJ foot. 2 P. ciiELiBONiA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 242.) pilosely-hispid ; leaflets 7-9, obovatelj'-cimeated ; stamens 24-32 ; silique sessile — ? Native of the East Indies. Cleome chelidonia, Lin. fil. suppl. 300. Flowers rose-coloured, somewhat like those of Rumiria hybr'idn, whence the specific name. Celeiidinc-like Polanisia. Fl. Jul. Nov. Clt. 1792. PI. li ft. 3 P. angula'ta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 242.) smooth ; stem some- what triquetrous ; leaflets 5-7, oblong-linear ; silique sessile, striated. Q. H. Native of Java. Flowers violet. A?tgtdar-stemmed Polanisia. Fl. Ju. July. PI. li foot. 4 P. oxyphy'lla (D. C. prod. 1. p. 242.) glandular and pilose ; leaflets 3-7, elliptical-oblong; stamens 8-12 ; siliques on short stipes, striated, puberulous, pendulous. © ? H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Cleome oxyphylla, Burch. cat. no. 1887. Flowers yellow. Sharp-leaved Polanisia. Fl. July, Sep. PI. li foot. 5 P. grave' OLENS (Rafin. journ. phys. aout. 1819. p. 98.) plant beset with glandidar hairs ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets ellip- tical-oblong ; stamens 8-1 2 ; siliques oblong, narrowed at the base, glandularly-muricated, pubescent. 0. H. Native of North America. Cleome dodecandra, var. Canadensis, Lin. spec. 939. Bart. fl. amer. t. 22. — Corn. can. 131. icon. Flowers small, pinkish. This plant is employed as a vermifuge. Slrotig-scented Polanisia. Fl. Jidy, Sep. Clt ? PI. 2 feet. C P. viscosA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 242.) plant covered with glandular hairs ; leaflets 3-5, obovately-cuneate or oblong ; stamens 8-20 ; siliques oblong, sessile, striated, covered with glandular hairs. ©. H. Native of the East Indies. Flowers small, yellow. Jar. a, Cleome viscdsa, Lin. spec. 938. — Rheed. mal. 9. t. 23. I'ar. /?, Cleome icosandra, Lin. spec. 938. — Burm. zeyl. t. 99. This plant has an acrid taste something like mustard, and is eaten by the natives among other herbs as a salad. C/awjHy Polanisia. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1730. PI. 2 feet. 7 P. dodeca'ndra (D. C. prod. 1. p. 242.) puberulously-sca- brous ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets smooth, elliptical-lanceolate, somewhat serrulated; stamens 8-12; siliques sessile, narrowed at the base, smooth. ©. H. Native of the East Indies. Cleome dodecandra, Lin. spec. 939. exclusive of the synonym of Sloanc. — Burm. zeyl. t. 100. f. 1. Flowers with white petals and a purplish calyx. Dodevandrous Voianifiia. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1795. PI. 1 ft. 8 P. eeli"na (D. C. prod. 1. p. 242.) strigose ; leaves almost radical, trifoliate ; leaflets wedge-shaped ; stamens 28-32 ; sili- ques almost sessile, smooth. © ? H. Native of the East In- dies. Cleome felina, Lin. fil. suppl. 300. Flowers small, red. The leaves are rough and pointed at the end, which has been liken- ed to the roughness of a cat's tongue, whence the s])eeilic name. Ca<-tongue-leaved Polanisia. Fl. June, Sept. PI. \\ foot. Sect. II. Styla'ria (from ctals. 'i'he flowers are sometimes polygamous. 1 C. oyna'ndra (Lin. spec. 63ti.) stamens 20-24, inserted on the cylindrical receptacle, longer than the petals ; berry ovate ; leaflets ovate, acute ; petals lanceolate. I; . .S. Native of bushy |)laces near tiie sea in Jamaica. — Pluk. phyt. t. 147. f. G. Flowers in jianicled racemes, with whitish petals and purplish stamens, and anthers. This ])lant has a nauseous smell and a l)urning taste. 6')/HflH£/roM.v Garlic Pear. Fl. ? Clt. 1789. Tree 1 2 to 1 0 feet. 2 C. IIEI.1U10SA (Forst. prod. 203.) stamens 20-28, inserted in an annular torus, length of petals ; berry oval ; leaflets lan- ceolate-elliptical, acute. ^ . S. Native of Malabar and the Society Islands — Rheed. mal. 3. t. 42. Flowers greenish- white, with red stamens. In the Society Islands this tree is planted in burial grounds, and is supposed to be sacred to their idols. In Otalieite the tree is called Pura-au and Puralanira. Sacred Garlic-Pear. Tree 20 feet. 3 C. LX.'t.\ (D. C. prod. 1. p. 21-3.) stamens 20-24, inserted in an annular torus, longer than the petals ; berry oval ; leaflets ovate, acimiinated, unequal at the base. Ij . S. Native of Senegal. Flowers whitish, with reddish stamens, sometimes poly- gamous. Perhaps the same as f '. .hlansonii. Fruilful Garlic-Pear. Tree 20 feet. 4 C. Ta'i'ia (Lin. spec. G37.) stamens 8-1 G, inserted in a cylindrical torus, nearly one-half shorter than the pedicel of the fruit and petals ; berry globose ; leaflets ovate-acmniuated, un- equal at tiie l)ase ; petals narrow. Ij . S. Native of the West India Islands and South America. — Plum. gen. t. 21. — Pis. bras, t. 0!t. The ))!aiit from the West India Islands is octandrous, .and the one from .South America is dodecandrous ; and therefore pro- bably distinct species. F'lowers on long peduncles, forming loose terminal panicled racemes, whitish. The fruit is as large as an orange, and when ripe has a strong scent of garlic, which is conmiunicaled to the animals that feed on it. Tapia is the American name of tlie tree. Zn/jia or Common Garlic-Pear. Clt. 1752. Tree 30 to 40 ft. 5 C. Adansomi (D. C. prod. 1. i>. 243.) stamens 12-lG, in- serted in a short torus ; berry globose ; leaflets oblong, acumi- nated, almost equal at the base, but the lateral leaflets have un- equal sides. (; . S. Native of Senegal. Crat;e'va Tapia, Adans. in herb. Juss. Tliis plant is very like C. Tapia. Flowers whitish-green, with reddish stamens. Adanson's (Jarlie-Pear. Tree 30 feet. G C. Uoxdu'kciiii (R. Br. in a))pend. to Denh. and Clapp. trav.) stamens numerous ; leaflets ovate, unequal ; petals ovate- roundish. H . S. Native of the Ivist Indies. Fruit and flowers like those of C. Tapia. C. Tiipia, Vahl. synib. 3. p. CI. Capparis trifoliata, lloxb. mss. — Tliis species comes very near to C. Adansbnii, but the lateral leaflets are more unequal ; this consists of the greater decurrence of the lamina on the outer side of the lateral leaflets. Roxburgh's Garlic-Pear. Tree 30 feet. 7 C. TAPiofDEs (D.C. prod. 1. p. 243) stamens 8-lC, in- serted in a short torus, twice as long as the oblong stipitate petals, and almost equalling the pedicel of the fruit ; leaflets ovate, terminal one bluntisli, lateral ones acuminated. ^ . .S. Native of Soiitli .America. Capparis trifoliita, Spreng. in herb. Balb. Flowers white, with red stamens. Tapia-like Garlic-Pear. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet. 8 C. ACUMiNA TA (D. C. prodr. 1. p. 243.) stamens 12 to IG, inserted in a short torus, a little longer than the oblong petals ; leaflets ovate, iiuuh ])()intcd, lateral ones unequal at the base. ^ . S. Native of French Guiana. Flowers white, in spreading terminal racemes. This is probably the same as C. Tapia, Aci(iiiinatcd-]ca\cd Garlic-Pear. Tree 30 feet. 9 C. oDovATA (Vahl. symb. 1. p. Gl.) stamens 12, inserted in an aniudar torus, longer than the petals ; berry cylindrical ; leaflets obovate. I7 . S. Native of Madagascar. O'thrys, Pet. Th. gen. mad. no. 44. Flowers white. F'ruit eatable. Oftorn/f-leaved Garlic -Pear. Tree 20 feet? 10 C. MAGNA (D. C. prodr. 1. p. 243.) stamens 12 to 24, very long, inserted in a hemispherical torus ; berry ovate ; leaf- lets oval-lanceolate ; petals ovate. I^ . G. Native of Cochin- China. Capparis magna. Lour, cochin, p. 331. Flowers large, white. Fruit roundish, ash-coloured, eatable. Large Garlic-Pear. Tree 30 feet. 1 1 C. falca'ta (I). C. prod. 1. p. 243.) stamens 12 to IG, in- serted in a short torus ; berry oblong ; lateral leaflets falcate at the base. '; . G. Native of China, near Canton. Capparis falcata. Lour, cochin, p. 331. Flowers large, white. Berrj' ob- long, red. Falcalc-lcaved Garlic-Pear. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 12 C. badiativlora (D. C. prodr. l.p. 243.) stamens inde- finite, inserted in an annular torus ; berry roundish-oval, pen- dulous ; leaflets ovate or obovate, acuminated, shining. H . S. Native in woods of Guayaquil. Capparis radiatiflora, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. ])cr. 5. t. 43.'i. Flower white, large. Radiate-Jlowercd Garlic-Pear. Tree 30 feet. 13 C. inilocula'ris (Ilamilt. in Lin. trans, vol. 15.) sta- mens IG, inserted on a short torus; petals ovate, with the claws longer than the calyx ; berry oblong. I; . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers either of separate sexes, or hcrniaplno- dite. The tree is called Boriin in Bengalcse. Vndocidar Garlic-Pear. Tree 30 feet. Ctdt. The species of Cralte'va require a soil composed of loam, peat and rotten dung. Cuttings of all will root freely, if planted in a pot of sand, and placed under a hand-glass, in heat. IX. RICniE'A, (to the memory of Mr. Richie; the .African traveller, died 1821, at Tripoli.) R. Br. in app. to Denh. et Clapp. trav. CAPPARIDE/E. IX. Riciiiea. X. Niebuhria. XI. Boscia. XII. Cadaba. Lin. Syst. Pulyandria, Monogijnia. Calyx of 4 sepals, val- vate in the bud. Petals 4, very long and narrow, undulated at the apex. Stamens 12 to 16, inserted in an elevated cylindrical torus. Ovary on a long stalk. Berry oblong, many-seeded. A rambling smooth shrub, with tcrnate leaves, which are rather coriaceous, and terminal corymbose racemes of large sweet- scented flowers, with white petals and filaments, and blue an- thers. Filaments curved at the top. 1 R. fua'gkans (R. Br. 1. c.) T? . v^. S. Native of Sierra Leone. Cratse'va fragrans, Sims, hot. mag. t. 526. Cratae'va capparoides, Andr. hot. rep. t. 176. Fragrant RicWica. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1795. Shrub cl. Cult. This plant is well adapted for covering rafters in stoves. A mixture of loam, peat and sand suits it best. Cuttings will root readily if planted in a pot of sand, and placed under a hand- glass, in heat. X. NIEBU'HRIA (in honour of Carsten Niebuhr, an Arabian traveller, author of Reisebeschreibung nach Arabien, 2 vols. 4to. Copenhagen, 1774 and 1778, &'c.) D. C. prodr. 1. p. 243. Lix. Syst. Pohjandria, ]\[o)iogijnia. Calyx 4-sepalled ; se- pals valvate in the bud. Petals none, or shorter than the calyx. Torus cylindrical, very short. Stamens indefinite. Berry ? ovate or cylindrical, stipitate. Unarmed shrubs, with white flowers, which are disposed in terminal racemes. Sect. I. Crat«v^io'rmes (shrubs with the habit of Cratcs'va) D. C. prod. 1. p. 243. Petals none. Leaves trifoliate. 1 N. Ca'fra (D. C. prodr. I . p. 243.) racemes terminal ; leaflets oblong, almost 4-times longer than the petiole. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on the border of Cafraria. Crat?e'va Cafra, Burch. cat. no. 3678, and 3648. ^/(■;c«« Niebuhria. Clt. 1818. Shrub 5 feet. 2 N. avicula'ris (D. C. prod. 1. p. 243.) racemes terminal; leaflets obovate, one half shorter than the petioles. ^ . G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Cratse'va avicularis, Burch. cat. no. 4445. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from N. Cafra. Knotted Niebidiria. Shrub 4 feet. 3 N. LINEARIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 244.) racemes terminal ; leaflets linear, recurvedly-mucronate, roughly-punctate on both surfaces, shorter than the petioles. T; . S. Native of the East Indies. Capparis apetala. Roth. nov. spec p. 238. Cratse'va apetala, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 448. Berry globose. Linear-\ea\ed Niebuhria. Shrub 6 feet. 4 N. oleoi'des (D. C. prod. 1. p. 244.) peduncles 1 -flow- ered, axillary ; leaflets oblong, nearly 4-times longer than the petioles. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. O'lea, Burm. in herb. Deless. Olive-like Niebuhria. Shrub 6 feet. 5 N. Madagascarie'nsis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 244.) peduncles 1-flowered, axillary; leaflets oblong, equalling the petiole in length, f^ • S. Native of Madagascar. Madagascar 'S'lehuhria. Clt. 1822. Shrub 4 feet, Sect. II. Capparoidex (from Capparis, and idea, form; plants with the habit of Capparis.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 244. Petals small. Leaves simple. 6 N. oBLoxGiFo LiA (D. C. prod. 1 . p. 244.) leaves oval-oblong, bhmt, mucronulate. ^ . G. Native of Arabia and the East Indies. Capparis oblongifolia, Forsk. descr. p. 99. Capparis hetcroclita, Roxb. ined. Cratae'va oblongifolia, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 448. Oblong-leaved Niebuhria. Clt. 1822. Shrub 4 feet. 7 N. arena RiA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 244.) leaves oval-oblong, emarginate, mucronulate, glaucous. \i , S. Native of Gambay, in sandy places. Perhaps suflieiently distinct from A^. ohlongi- Julia. Sand Niebuhria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. Cult. Cultivated and propagated in the same way as Cratce''ta. XI. BO'SCI A (in honour of Louis Dose, long time professor of agriculture in the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, and author of several works.) Lam. ill. t. 395. D. C. prod. 1. p. 244. but not of Thunb. LiN. SYST. Pohjandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-sepalled. Petals none. Stamens 12 to 20, inserted in a short torus. Berry sti- pitate, globose, 1-seeded. An unarmed shrub, with small white corymbose flowers. 1 B. Senegale'nsis (Lam. 1. c ) T; . S. Native of Senegal. Podoria Senegalensis, Pers. ench. 2. p. 5. Senegal Boscia. Clt. 1824. Shrub 3 feet. Cult. Cidtivated and propagated in the same manner as Cratie'va. XII. CA'DABA (Kadhab, or Qathab, is the Arabic name of C. rolundijolia.) Forsk. Eegyp. 67. D. C. prod. 1. p. 244. Lin. SYST. Tctra-Penldndria, Monogijnia. Calyx 4-sepalled. Petals 4 or none. Nectary strap- formed, rising from the base of a cylindrical torus, these are usually fulvous above, and yellow beneath. Stamens 4 to 5, monadelphous at the base. Berry stipitate, cylindrical. Shrubs, with simple leaves and terminal racemes of white or yellow flowers. § 1. Floners jietalless, pentandrous. 1 C. ROTUNDiroLiA (Forsk. descr. 68.) unarmed; leaves orbicular, and are, as well as the branches, smooth. 1; . G. Native of Arabia and Abyssinia. Stroe'mia rotundifolia, Vahl. symb. 1. p. 20. Nectary fulvous above and yellow beneath. Round-leaved Cadaba. Tree 20 feet. 2 C. glandulosa (Forsk. descr. 68.) unarmed ; leaves round- ish, scabrous ; branches covered with glandular hairs at the top. T; . G. Native of Arabia. Stroe'mia glandulosa, Vahl. symb. 1. p. 20. The number of stamens in this and the preceding spe- cies is unknown. Fruit hispid. G7aK(Z«^a/-branched Cadaba. Tree 10 feet. I 2. Flowers of 4 petals. 3 C. LONGIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 244.) unarmed ; stamens 4 ; leaves oblong-linear, smooth. ^ . S. Native of Abyssinia. Stroe'mia longifblia, R. Br. in Salt's voy. abyss. 64. Long-leaved Cadaba. Shrub 10 feet? 4 C. Indica (Lam. diet. 1. p. 544.) unarmed; stamens 4; leaves oblong, smooth, mucronate. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Cleome fruticosa, Lin. spe. 937. — Burm. ind. t. 46. f. 3. Flowers white. Indian Cadaba. Shrub 8 feet. 5 C. du'bia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 244.) unarmed ; stamens 4-5 ; leaves somewhat elliptical, mealy with glaucous powder, 1- nerved. ^ . S. Native of Senegal and Abyssinia. Strce'inia farinosa, R.' Br. in Salt's voy. abyss. 64. Perhajjs distinct enough from the following species ? Doubtful Cadaba. Tree 20 feet. 6 C. farinosa (Forsk. descr. 68.) unarmed; stamens 5; leaves oval-oblong, 1 -nerved, mealy from glaucous powder. I; . G. Native of Arabia and Senegal. Stroe'mia farinosa, Vahl. symb. 1. p. 20. Flowers yellow. Nectary white. Perhaps several species are confused under this name. Mealy Cadaba. Shrub. 7 C. trine'rvia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 244.) unarmed ; stamens 278 CAPPARIDE.'E. XII. Cadaba. XIII. Schlpperia. XIV. So XV. Ca 6 ; leaves 3-iiervetl, ovate-orbicular. ^ . G. Native of Persia, near Ispahan. 77( rct-nf rrcJ-leavctl Cadaba. Shrub 10 feet. 8 C. cappakoi'des (D. C. prod. 1. p. 244.) stipulas spinosc ; stamens C ; leaves oblong-hineeolate, feather-nerved. f^ • G. Native of New Holland and the island of Timor. Petals 3, long- clawed. Capparis-likc Cadaba. Shrub 10 feet. Cult. The species of Cailaba will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and cuttings will root freely if planted in a pot of sand, and then placed under a hand-glass. XIII. SCIIEPPE'RIA (meaning unknown). Neck.elcni.no. 13!>~', D. C. prod. 1. p. 244. Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Ocl/indria. Calyx 4-sepalled, spread- ing. Petals 4. Torus elongated. Stamens 8, monadelphous around the torus, but free at the top. Nectary concave at the l)ase of the torus. Silique Hesliy, stipitate within the calyx. Flowers white or dirty vellow. 1 S. ju'ncea (D. C; prod. 1. p. 245.) I; . G. Native of the C;ipe of Good Hope. Ckome jiincea, Lin. sujijil. 300. Macrouieruni jiinceum, Burcli. trav. 1. p. 388, and 492, A leafless siirul), or with small deciduous leaves. Runliy Schepperia. Shrub 3 feet. Cult. See Cadaba for the cidture and propagation. XIV. SODA'B.\ (from Sodab, the Ar.ibic name of the plant.) Forsk. descr. 81. D. C. prod. 1. p. 215. Lin. sysT. Octtindria, Monogijnia. Calyx 4-sepalled, upper sepal large, concave. Petals 4, unequal. Stamens 4, 8, or IG, Torus small. Ovary on a long stipe, ovate, l-furrowcd. A diffuse shrub, with spinose stipul.ts, and many axillary pedicels. Flow- ers red ; stamens brownish-green. Fruit red, biirger than a hazel- nut, eatable when dressed before it is ripe. (Forsk.) This is probably the Siiag of Dr. Oudncy's Journal, which he observed at Aghedem, and is said to be a tetrandrous plant, " having a small drupe, which is in great request about IJoiirnou and Soudan, for removing sterility in females; it is sweetish, and hot to the taste, approaching to fVater-cress ; and that in passing the plant a heavy narcotic smell is always perceived." Mr. Brown does not consider this genus gcnerically distinct from Ciipparis. I S. deci'dia (Forsk. I. c. Del. ocgyp. 7 !•. t. 26.) Ij . G. Native of Arabia and Upper Egypt. Honibak. Adans. fam. 2. p. 408. Ciipparis Sodaba, R. Br. Petals red. Anthers yellow. Deciduous Sodaba. Shrub G feet. Cidt, Sec Cadaba for culture and propagation. XV. CA'PPARIS {kabir is the Arabic name of C.sphn>sa, which the Greeks have changed to Kairirapir, the Latins to Cup- parix, the I'rench to Capricr, and the English to Caper), Lin. gen. no. 643. D. C. prod. 1. p. 245. Lin. svst. Pohjdndria, Monogi'/iiia. Calyx 4-parted (f. 52. «.). Petals 4 (f. 52. b.). Torus small. Stalk of fruit slender (f. 52. d.). Stamens indefinite (f. 52. c.). Siliques somewhat b.iccate (f. 52. /'.), stipitate. Shrubs with entire simple leaves, and mostly white flowers. This genus ought perhaps to be divided into several genera. Sect. I. EtJCA'ppAnis (from ivc, cus, genuine, and vfurffafur, capparis; this section contains the genuine species of Cw^j/inri.v.) 1). C. prod. 1. p. 245. Capparis, Plum. gen. 39. Bud of llower globose (f. 52. a.), with ovate, imbricated, concave, blunt, un- e(pial sepals. Stalk of fruit long (f. 52. (/.). Species all from the old world or New Ilollaiul, not from America. § 1. I'ldicellaics, {from prdiccllus, a pedicle ; because the pe- dicels are solitary.) D. C. prod. 1. ;>. 245. Pedicels a.cillari/, solitary (f. 52. e. a.), or rarely ivilh 2 or 3 rising from the tame centre. Flowers pvlyandrous (f. 52. c). 1 C. Maria NA (Jacq. h. Schocnbr. t. 109.) unarmed; leaves roundish, somewhat cordate, smoothish, 10-times longer than the petiole; pedicels 1- flowered, solitary, length of the leaves. I7. .S. Native of Mariaime Islunds, Timor and the .Mauritius, Cajjparis cordil olia. Lam. diet. 1. p. 609. Flowers large, white. Resembling C. spiiiosa in habit. Marriauc Islands' Caper-tree. Clt. 1820. Shrub 4 feet. 2 C. J^andwiciiia'na (D. C. prod. 1. p. 215.) unarmed; leaves elliptical, smoothish, scarcely 3-times longer than the petiole; pedicels solitary, 1-Howered, length of the leaves. I; . G. Native of the Sandwich Islands. Flowers white. Sandwich Caper-tree. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 3 C. CiiiNENsis ; unarmed ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acu- minated, quite smooth; pedicels 1 -flowered, solitary, a little longer than the petioles. I; . G. Native of China. C. acumi- nata, Lindl. bot. reg. 1320. but not of Vahl. Petals white, tinged with reil at the base. Stamens white ; anthers blue. China Caper-tree. Fl. .'^ept. Clt. 1820. SIi. 4 to 6 feet. 4 C. kupe'stris (Sibth. and Smith, fl. grxc. t. 487.) unarmed; leaves roundish, fleshy, deciduous ; ])edicels 1 -flowered, solitary, longer than the leaves. tt . F. Native of Crete and Mycon on rocks by the sea-side. C. spinosa. Curt. bot. mag. 291. Flowers large, with white petals and red stamens. Rock Caper-tree. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 6 feet. 5 C. sriNo'sA (Lin. FIG. 52. spec. 720.) stipulas spi- nose, hooked ; leaves ovate, roundish, decidu- ous ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered. Ij . F. Na- tive of southern and eastern Europe on walls .ind rock';. In the Gre- cian islands on rocks by the sea-side. Blackw. herb. t. 417. Smith, spic. 18. t. 12. fl. grace. 480. There is a variety with .abortive slipidas and ovate leaves, which are more or less hoary. Flowers white, tinged with red on the outside ; filaments red. The flower-bud (f. 52. a.) of this plant is the well-known pickle the Caper. The chief su])ply of caper buds is from Sicily, but the plant is cultivated in the neighbourhood of Toulon in orcharils, in the intervals betweeji lig and olive trees, and in the neigh- Ijourhood of Paris, where it is trained on low w.ills, and the shoots, dnring winter, laid down and covered with earth, to protect them from the frost. The plant is cultivated on a large scale between Marseilles and Toidon, and in many parts of Italy. The ])lant is raised from suckers or cuttings, which are planted about 10 feet distance from each other. They require shelter from severe winds, and favourable exposure to the sun, and scarcely ever suller from drought or heat. In sjiring they need only one dressing; in autunm they are cut down to within six inches of the ground, and covered with the sunoiinding earth, which is raised about them on all sides. In the s\icceeding spring they are laid bare to the crown of the stuuqi, aiul they soon throw out fresh shoots. In the early part of the summer they begin to flower, and a succession of them continues till they are destroyed by the cold of the advancing winter. In this coiuilry it is generally treated as a frame i>lant, though it has stood the winter in the o])en air in some situations. A |)lant stood near a ceiuury against the wall of the garden of Camden House, Kensington ; it produced many flowers annually, though CAPPAraDE/E. XV. Capparis. 279 tlic young shoots were frequently killed to the stump during winter. As a pickle, the flower-buds of the Caper are in great esteem throughout Europe. In Italy the fruit is prepared in the same way as the flower-buds, both are bitterish, acrid, and aromatic to the taste. In the isles of the Mediterranean, and near Toidon, the flower-buds of the Caper are gathered while very young, for as they enlarge they decrease in value ; this forms a daily occupation for six months, while the plants are in a flower- ing state. As the buds are gathered they are thrown into a cask among as much salt and vinegar as is sufticient to cover them, and as the quantity of capers is increased more vinegar is added. \Vhen the caper season closes, the buds are then sorted accord- ing to their size and colour. The smallest and greenest being the best, are separated and put into small casks of fresh vinegar for commerce. They will in this state keep fit for use for many years. It is said to be a common practice to put filings of copper in the first pickle to give the buds a green colour. The best capers are called nonpareills and the second best capucines. (N. Cours complet. d'Agr. art. Caprier.) The Caper is called in France caprier, in Italy capriolo or Cappero, and in German Kapernstraiich. Capers have the character of being anti-scor- butic, and of removing hepatic and other visceral obstructions ; but the part of the plant which has been chiefly recommended for medicinal purposes, is the bark of the root. Spiny or Common Caper-tree. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 159G. Shrub 3 feet, lying on the ground if not supported. 6 C. Fontane'sii (D. C. prod. 1. p. 245.) stipulas spinose, hooked ; leaves ovate, cordate at the base, acutish at the top. ^ . F. Native of Mauritania near Oran in fissures of rocks. C. ovata, Desf. all. 1. p. 404. but not of Bieb. Flowers dull white. Fruit club-shaped. Habit of the last. Desfontaiiie's Cai^er-tiee. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1800? Sh. 3 ft. 7 C.herba'cea (Willd. enum.oGO.) stipulas spinose, straight; leaves elliptical, mucronulate, smooth; pedicels solitary, 1- flowered, longer than the leaves ; stem herbaceous, trailing on the earth. 1/ . F. Native of Tauria, Caspia, and Caucasus in fields. C. ovata, Bieb. suppl. 2. p. 1. exclusive of the synonym. Flowers white. Herbaceous Caper-tree. Clt. 1818. PI. trailing, 2 feet long. 8 C. /Egy'pta (Lam. diet. 1. p. 605.) stipidas spinose, some- what hooked ; leaves glaucous, roundish-cuneated, smooth, mu- cronate at the apex; pedicels solitary, 1 -flowered, length of the leaves. Ij . G. Native of Upper Egypt in the deserts. Del. fl. eg. p. 93. t. 31. f. 3. Flowers whitish or rose-coloured. Egyptian Caper-tree. Clt. 1822. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 9 C. ROTUNDiFOLiA (Rottl. in Willd. berl. mag. p. 185.) sti- pulas spinose, straight ; leaves sessile, roundish-ovate, somewhat cordate ; peduncles solitary, 1-flowered ; capsules globose. I; . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers white. Round-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 4 feet. 10 C. Nepaule'nsis (D.C. prod. 1. p. 246.) stipulas spinose somewhat hooked ; leaves ovate, on very short petioles, and are as well as branches rather hoary ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, longer than the leaves ; ovary oblong. Tj . G. Native of Nepaid. Flowers white. Xepaid Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet. lie. nummula'ria (D. C. prod. 1. p. 24G.) stipulas spinose, straight ; leaves ovate-orbicular, mucronate and emarginate, smooth, twice the length of the petioles. ^ . G. Native of New Holland on the Barren Islands. Flowers white. Money-7vort-\eA\eil Caper-tree. Shrub 3 feet. 12 C. cane'scens (Banks, ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 24G.) sti- pulas spinose, straight ; leaves ovate, somewhat acute, velvety- puberulous, 6-times longer than the petioles ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, length of the leaves. f; . G. Native of New South Wales. Flowers white. Hoary Caper-tree. Shrub 3 or 4 feet. 13 C. iirteraca'ntha (D.C. prod. 1. p. 24G.) stipulas spi- nose, some are straight, others hooked ; leaves orbicular, velvety, on very short petioles. Ij . F. Native between Bagdad and Aleppo. Leaves almost 3-nerved. Flowers white. Variahle-spincd Caper-tree. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 4 feet. 14 Cleucophy'lla (D. C. prod. 1. p.24C.) stipulas spinose, hooked ; leaves orbicular, hoary- velvety, on very short petioles ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, longer than the leaves. 1; . F. Native between Bagdad and Aleppo. Flowers white. Fruit smooth, with G longitudinal veins. IVhite-leaoed Caper-tree. Fl. May. Aug. Shrub 3 or 4 feet. 15 C. TOMENTo'sA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 606.) stipulas spinose, hooked ; leaves ovate-oblong, blunt, velvety- tomentose ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves. fj . S. Native of Senegal. Flowers white. Tomentose Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet. IG C. dealba TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 2-16.) stipulas spinose, short, hooked ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, vounger ones rather velvety, at length becoming very smooth on the upper surface ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, length of the pe- tioles. Ij . S. Native of Timor. Flowers white. IVhitened Caper-tree. Shrub 4 feet. 17 C. BREVisPiNA (D.C. prod. 1. p. 216.) stipulas spinose, short, straight ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, mucronate, smooth ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, 3-times longer than the petioles. tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers white. Short-spined Caper-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 18 C. erythroca'rpa (Isert. berl. natur. 9. p. 339. t. 9.) stipulas spinose, reflexed ; leaves oblong, acuminated, younger ones as well as branches somewhat velvety from stellate hairs, but at length becoming smooth ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, longer than the very short petioles. Tj . S. Native of Guinea. Flowers white. Fruit red. Red-fruited Caper-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 19 C. Rhee'dii (D. C. prod. 1. p. 246.) stipulas spinose, straight ; leaves oval-oblong, mucronate, smooth, on very short petioles, netted on the under surface ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, about the length of the leaves. f; . S. Native of Malabar in sandy places. Badiikka, Rheed. mal. 6. t. 57. Differing from C. Baducca of Lin. in which there are many species confused. Flowers large, white, with a faint mixture of red. Rheede's Caper-tree. Fl. ? Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 20 C. Afze'lh (D. C. prod. 1. p. 24G.) stipvdas spinose, hooked ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, younger ones somewhat pu- berulous, adult ones smooth, on very short petioles ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered. h . S. Native of the western coast of Africa. Flowers white. Very like C. Rheedii. Afzelius's Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 21 pyrifo'lia (Lam. diet. 1. p. GOG.) stipulas spinose, short, hooked ; leaves oval-lanceolate, acute, younger ones rather tomentose, adult ones smooth; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, much shorter than the leaves. 1; . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers white. Pear-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 22 C. STYLo'sA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 246.) stipulas spinose, spreading ; leaves oval-lanceolate, acute, younger ones some- what woolly, adult ones smooth; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, 3-times lon<;er than the petioles ; sepals acuminated, ovary nar- rowed out into a thick style. J; . S. Native of Corom.andel in sandy places. Flowers white. far. /3, veluthia (D. C. 1. c.) plant somewhat hoary with short down. Native of Mysore. Long-styled Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 23 C. HORKiDA (Lin lil. suppl. 264.) stipulas spinose, spread- 1 '280 CAPPARIDEii:. XIII. Capparis. in"; leaves ovate, mucronate ; pedicels 1 -flowered, rising above the axils of the leaves, 2 or 4 to<,'etlier. ^ . S. Native of Coroniandfl and Ceylon. Flowers white. //f)(/«/ Caper-tree. Shnih 10 feet. ^1 C. piBiFLORA (D. C. prod. ]. p. 246.) stipulas spinose, spreading, small, straight ;leavesoval-oblon{;, acuminated, smooth, pedicels 1 to 3 together, axillary, twice the length of the petioles. Ij. S. Native of Timor .' and Java. Petals downy, white. Doniiij-foncrcd Cajjer-tree. Shrub C feet. 25 C. APHv'tLA (Roth. nov. spe. p. 238.) stipulas spinose; leaves none ? umbels of flowers almost sessile, rising from the axils of the stipulas ; stem fiexuous, dichotomous, leafless, and is, as well as tlie divaricate branches, very smooth. Ij . S. Na- tive of tlie East Indies. Flowers white ? Laijkss Caper-tree. Clt. 1 822. Shrub 4 to G feet. 2G LiNEATA (Pers. synop. 2. p. 60.) leaves ovate, acumi- nated, on short foot-stalks, at last becoming glabrous on the upper surface ; under surface, as well as branches, covered with velvety tomentum ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered. ^ . S. Na- tive of Brazil, at Rio Janeiro. Flowers white. Limd-\eai\eA Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 27 C. DivAKicATA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 606.) stipulas spinose, hooked, divaricate ; leaves glabrous, linear, acute, on very short foot-stalks. H . S. Native of Coroniandel. This plant cer- tainly l)elongs to Sect. Etuappur'is, but the flowers and fruit are unknown. i>icrtr(cn/crf stipuled Caper-tree. Shrub 10 feet. § 2. Serialcs (from scro, to lay in order ; because of tlie flowers being disposed in something like whorles.) Pedicels 1- Jlonercd, rixitig uhvic the eij-ils of the Icaics, several together, and disponed in a vertical series. 28 C. Zeyla'nica (Lin. spec. 720.) stipulas spinose, straight ; leaves oval, pointed at both ends, smooth ; pedicels 2 or 3 toge- ther, 3-tinies longer than the petiole. Jj . S. Native of Ceylon and Java. I'lowi-rs small, white, 12-anthered. Perhaps the same as C. ZeijUhiica of Lour, which is described as having a small, l)lack, round, 3-seeded berry. Ccy/oH Caper-tree. Clt. 181!). Shrub 6 feet. 29 C. BiLLARniE'nii (D. C. prod. 1. p. 247.) stipulas spinose, straight ; leaves oval-oblong, veiny-netted, and are, as well as branches, smooth ; pedicels 3-together ; ovary almost sessile. >: . S. Native of the Molucca Inlands, at the straits of Ronton. I lowers white. I. a Billtirdicre's Caper-tree. .Shrub 1 to 6 feet. 30 C. acumina'ta ^^Wilhl. spec. 2. p. 1131.) stipulas spinose, hooked at the top ; leaves ovate, nmcronately-acuminated; rusty- tomentose on the under surface ; pedicels 2-3 together. fj . S. Native of the East Indies. Petals white, ciliated with down. Perhaps this plant is referable to t. 29. of Bra.ini. icon. chin. 1821. 7n^)tT-;wina. 1. ]). 04 1.) stipulas spinose, straight; leaves oval, acuminated, a little cordate at the base, clothed beneath, as well as the branches with stellate down ; pedicels solitary, or 2-5 together, twice the length of the petiole; petals villous, fj . S. Native of Java. Flowers white. Like C. acuminata. fetid Ca])er-trec. Shrub 6 feet. .■;2 C. mrra'ntiia (Blum. 1. c.) stipulas spinose, small, straight ; leaves oval, scariose, coriaceous, smooth, somewhat cordate at the base ; pedicels 2-6 together, shorter than the pe- tioles. 1^ . S. Native of Java. Flowers probably white. Small-Jloncrcd Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 33 C. CAiLo'sA (Blum. 1. c.) stipulas spinose, straight ; leaves oblong, scariose at the apex, coriaceous, smooth, rounded at the base; pedicels solitary, 1-2-3 together, about ecpial in length with the petioles. H . S. Native of Java. Flowers probably white. Allied to the preceding. Callous Caper-tree. .Shrub 6 feet. 34 C. FLEXUo'sA (Blum. I. c.) stipulas spinulose, very short; leaves elliptical-oblong, acute at both ends, coriaceous, smooth, but scariose at the apex ; jjcdicelson the younger branches, 2-4- together, ecpud in length with the petioles. I7 . S. Native of Java. Flowers probably white. Allied to the two preceding. /Yea:H0i(4-branched Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 35 C. volkame'ki.e (1). C. prod. 1. p. 247.) stipul.as spinose, hooked at the top ; leaves ovate, pointed with a callous mucrone, rusty-velvety on the under surface along the nerves ; pedicels 2-3 together. l^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Volkameria Capensis, Burm. prod. cap. 1 7. Petals white, cili- ated with hairs. Volkaineria-lihe Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 36 C. lasia'ntha (R. Br. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 247.) stipulas spinose ; leaves ovate-ol)long, on very short petioles, at length smooth, younger ones as well as branchlets and calyx velvety ; pedicels 2-3 together. \ . S. Native of New Hol- land on the eastern coast within the tropic. Flowers white. Woollij-Jlon'ered Caper-tree. .Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 37 C. TKRNiiLOKA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 247.) stipulas spinose, hooked ; leaves ovate-nuicronate, at length smooth, younger ones pubescent ; peiHcels 3 together ; sepals velvety. 1; . S. Na- tive of Coroniandel. Flowers white. 'J'cni-Jlon'crcd Caper-tree. .Shrub (i feet. 3S C. QLADUIFLOKA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 2 17.) stipulas .spinose, straightish; leaves ovate, acuminated, with a callous jjoini, upper surface smooth, under surface velvety, as well as branches and calyx ; pedicels 4 togetlier. I; . S. Nativ e of the East In- dies. C. pyrifolia /3, Lam. diet. 1. p. COG.— Pluk. phyt. t. 107. f. 3. Flowers white. Four-Jhmered Caper-tree. Shrub G feet. 39 C. (iuiNiiaoRA (I). C. prod. 1. p. 247.) stipulas none; leaves ovate, somewhat acuminated, younger ones pubescent, at length smooth ; pedicels 4-6, together. J^ . G. Native of New- Holland on the northern coast. Flowers white. Five-Jhnvered Caper-tree. Shrub 1- to G feet. 40 C. micraca'ntha (D. C. prod. 1. p. 247.) stipulas spinose, small, straight ; leaves oval, blunt, pointed with a callous nni- crone ; pedicels 4-6 together. Tj . S. Native of Java. Flowers white. Small-spined Caper-tree. Shrub G feet. § 3. Corymhoscv (from corymhus, a corymb ; because of the flowers being disposed in corymbs.) Pedicels disjwsed in corymbs or racemes. Fhnvers pohjandrous. 41 C. CITRIFOLIA (Lam. diet. 1. p. GOG.) stijmlas spinose, hooked ; leaves oblong, mucronate, smooth : pedicels umbellate, terminal. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of (Jood Hope. There is a variety of this plant with puberulous branches. Flowers small, white. Citron-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub G feet. 42 C. sepia'ria (Lin. spec. 720.) stipulas spinose, hooked ; leaves ovate, somewhat cmarginate, and pubescent on the under surface as well as the branches ; pedicels umbellate, terminal. T; . S. Native of the East Indies in hedges. — Pluk. phyt. t. 338. f. 3. Flowers small, white. far, fl, glabrata (I). C. 1. c.) adult leaves smooth. Native of Timor. //frf^c Caper-tree, Fl. Clt. ]S;?3. Shrub 4 to 8 feet. CAPPARIDE^. XV. Capfaris. 281 43 C. callophy'lla (Blum, bijdr. fl. nod. iiid. ex Sclilecht. Liniitea. 1. ]>. OtS.) stipulas spinosc, liooked ; loaves oval, coria- ceous, smooth, with a callous nuicrone at the point ; racemes eloimatcd ; pedicels umbellate, fj . S. Native of Java. C.tylo- phy'ila, Spreng. syst. append, p. 204. Flowers probably white. licauliful-lcavcd Caper- tree. Shrub t to 6 feet. 44 C. umbella'ta (K. Br. incd. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 247.) unarmed ; leaves oval, blunt ; somewhat emarginate, smooth ; branclilets and petioles pubescent ; pedicels umbellate, terminal. I; . G. Native of New Holland on the eastern coast within the tropic. Flowers white. UmheUatc-^o\\etQ<\ Caper-tree, Shrub 6 feet. 45 C. iNCANESCENS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 247.) stipulas spinose, hooked ; leaves elliptical, mucronate, and are hoary as well as the branches from appressed down ; yiedicels lunbellately-coryni- bose, terminal. Tj . S. Native of Mysore. Flowers white. Incanescent Caper-tree. Sln'ub C to S feet. 46 C. coRYMBo'sA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 605.) stipulas spinose, hooked ; leaves oval, or obovate, smooth, but usually pubescent beneath ; pedicels corymbose, terminal, and axillary. 1^ . S. Native of Senegal and Gambia. Flowers white. Perhaps the plant with the smooth is specifically distinct from that with the pubescent leaves. Corymhose-^owexeA Caper-tree. Fl. Mar. Ap. May. Sh. 8 ft. 47 C. CANE scENS ; stipulas spinose ; leaves tomentose, lan- ceolate-obovate, emarginate ; pedicels corymbose, terminal. T; . S. Native of the eastern coast of Africa. Flowers white. Candescent Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet. 48 C.Roxbu'rghii(D.C. prod. 1. p. 247.) stipulas of the branches spinose, rcflexed, on the branchlets none ; leaves elliptical, smooth ; branclilets grey-velvety ; pedicels racemosely-corymbose. tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers white. (C. A'guba, herb. Banks.) Roxburgh's Caper-tree. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 49 C. OB0v.\TA (Buch. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 248.) leaves obovate, cinereously-velvety on the under surface as well as the branches ; pedicels racemosely-corymbose. ^ . S. Native of Mysore. Flowers probably white. Otora .) leaves smooth, oblong, blunt, on very short footstalks ; axillary glands none ; racemes terminal, simple ; fruit somewhat pointed w ith the style. •^ . .S. Native of Carthagena on declivities of mountains. C. arborescens. Mill. diet. no. 21. Petals pale yellow, woolly, oblong ; filaments at first white, then beautiful purple. Berry yellow. Very-fair Caper-tree. Clt. 1700. Shrub 12 to 1-ifeet. 89 C. NEMORo'sA (Jacq. amer. ed. pict. t. 156.) leaves ovate, acuminate, upper surface smooth, under surface clothed with deciduous w'ool ; fruit ovate-oblong. ?j . S. Native of Car- thagena in woods. Flowers unknown. Grove Caper-tree. Tree 20 feet. Sect. V. Breynia'strum (plant like Cdpparis Breynia). D.C.prod. 1. p. 250. Breynise spec. Plum. gen. t. 16. not of Forst. Sepals much smaller than the petals, triangular, acute. Berry oblong. Stalk of fruit shortish. Unarmed species from America. Peduncles axillary, many-flowered. * Flowers polyandrous. 90 C. AMYGDALiNA (Lam. diet. 1. t. 608. exclusive of the synonym of Jacq. and Lin.) leaves elliptical-oblong, narrowed towards both ends, with a callous point ; upper surface smooth, under surface covered with silvery scaly dots as well as the branches ; peduncles axillary, compressed, corymbiferous. Ti . S. Native of the West India islands and the continent of South America. Brey. icon. rar. p. 13. icone. Plum. gen. 40. t. 16. Pods a foot long. Flowers white. Var. ft, umbelldta (H. B. et Kunth,nov. spec. 5. p. 97.) differ- ing from the species by the leaves being a little narrower. Almond-like Ca^er-tree. Clt. 1818. Slindj 6 feet. 91 C. Barcellone'nsis (H. B. etKunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 97.) leaves elliptical-oblong, acuminate, upper surface of younger leaves pubescent, under surface scaly, as well as the branches ; peduncles axillary and terminal, racemiferous. >; . S. Native of New Barcelona in bushy places. Flowers whitish. Barcelona Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet. 92 C. cOiMosA (Jacq. amer. t. 160.) leaves lanceolate, stalked; upper surface smooth, vmder surface grey-woolly ; peduncles FIG. 53. many-flowered ; stamens shorter than the corolla. fj . S. Na- tive of St. Domingo in inundated places by the sea- side. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Tufled Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 93 C. ODORATi'ssiMA (Jacq. liort. Scha>nbr. t. 110.) leaves oblong, acuminate, on long footstalks, upper surface smooth, under surface co- vered with little hard scales ; pe- duncles racemiferous at the top ; stamens 28-32, length of corolla. fj . S. Native of Caraccas. Flowers violet, sweet-scented ; about the size of a myrtle, with yellow an- thers (f 53.). Most-sweet-scented Caper-tree. Clt. 1814. Shrub 6 feet. 94 C. Pacha CA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 93.) leaves ovate- elliptical, somewhat emarginate, leathery, smooth, on very short footstalks ; racemes terminal, few-flowered ; fruit somewhat globose, pendulous. Ij . S. Native of Cumana in woods. Flowers green. Pachaca is the native name of the tree. Paehaca Caper-tree. Tree 25 feet. 95 C. sca'brida (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 95.) leaves oblong, blunt at the base, acutish at the top, upper surface roughish, under surface somewhat velvety, on long footstalks ; branches and racemes tomentose; stamens 24, villous at the base. Tj . S. Native of South America. Fruit ovate-oblong, \\ inch long. Sepals oval-oblong, conniving into an ovate bud. Flowers white. Perhaps a separate section. Roughisli-\e&yeA Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 96 C. tenuisi'liqua (Jacq. amer. 1. 105.) leaves lanceolate or ovate, smooth, stalked ; racemes terminal, many-flowered ; sta- mens 16-24, and are as well as the siliques very long. fj . S. Native of Carthagena, very frequent. Flowers greenish-wliite. Leaves deciduous. Slender-siliqued Caper-tree. Clt. 1822. Shrub 15 feet. 97 C. obovatifo'lia (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 92.) leaves elliptical-obovate, somewhat cordate, smooth, on very long footstalks ; racemes somewhat axillary, many-flowered ; siliques somewhat elongated, pendulous. Tj . S. Native near Cumana. Flowers white ? Oborate-leuved Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 98 C. BREVisi'nauA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. icon. D. C. prod. 1. p. 251.) leaves elliptical, blunt, emarginate, smooth, on short footstalks ; pedicels terminal, 2-3-flowered, umbellate ; siliques torulose, twice the length of their stalks. Ij . S. Na- tive of New Spain. Petals oblong-spatulate, whitish-green. Short-silif/ued Caper- tree. Shrub 6 feet. 99 C? OVALIFOLIA (Ruiz, & Pav. fl. per. t. 432. f. a. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 253.) leaves oval, mucronate or emarginate, under surface hoary-tomentose ; racemes many-flowered, axillary and terminal ; calyx 4-notched ; glands of calyx scale-formed, ciliated ; stalk of fruit short. T; . S. Native of Peru at lea and of Guaya- quil. Petals unguiculate, yellowish, with a purple margin. Stamens declinate, 12-18 ; exterior ones at the base somewhat monadelphous. Fruit oval. Oval-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 10 feet. * * Flowers octandrous, 100 C. ANGusTiFOLiA (H. B. et Kiinth, nov. spec. 5. p. 96. t. 438. leaves linear, somewhat cordate at the base, on very short foot- stalks ; upper surface smooth, under surface somewhat pubes- cent ; peduncles corymbose, and are velvety, as well as the branch- Oo 2 281 CAPPARIDE/E. XV. Cappauis. lets. J; . S. Native between Mexico and Acapulco. Branclilets suleatcly-angular. Bud of flower ovate, woolly. Dowers white. Xarron-kavcd Caper-tree. .Slirul) C feet. 101 C. fekrl'oi'nea (Lin. aniu?n. 5. p. 398.) leaves lanceo- late, acuminate, stalked, upper surface smooth, under surface covered with rusty hard scaly-like hairs ; branclilets downy ; pe- tioles rusty ; peduncles axillary, corynibosely-raccmose at the top. tj . S. Native of Jamaica in bushy places by the sea-side, as well as in .St. Domingo. — Browne, jam. t. 28. f. 1. C. octandra, Jacq. amer. t. 100. Flowers white, scentless, fragrant or fetid, according to various authors. The plant is strongly impregnated with an acrid \olatile salt, like the mustard tribe ; and hence in Jamaica it has obtained the name of the Mustard Shrub. (Br. jam.) Hush/ Caper-tree. Clt. ? Shrub l- to 6 feet. 102 C. iNt.Y\NA (H. B. etKuuth, nov. spec. 5. p. 94.) leaves ovate-oblong, very much pointed, and are as well as the branchlets covered with apprcssed velvety wool ; racemes few-flowered, somewhat shorter than the leaves. J; . S. Native of South America between Mescala and Estola. Petals white, downy on the outside. Filaments of stamens very short. Fruit ovate, lioary, tomentose. J/oari/ Caper-tree. Tree 30 feet. 103 C. corda'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 432. f. b. ined. D. C. i)rod. 1. p. 2j1.) leaves cordate, roundish, woolly on both surfaces with stellate down; peduncles racemose, few-flowered ; berry somewhat globose, few-seeded. J;. S. Native of Guaya- quil. Flowers white. C'orc/ate-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet. Sect. VI. Quadre'lla (from qnadratus, square ; form of flower-bud) D. C. jjrod. 1. p. 251. F^lower-bud somewhat (piadrate, with the sejjals valvate in the bud, with their margins somewhat revolute, and hence the sutures are rather prominent. Siliqucs dehiscent. .Stalk of fruit elongated. Unarmed species from America, velvety or covered with scales. Peduncles ax- illary, many-flowered. lO-l C. ckotonoi'des (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 9.). t. 437.) leaves cordate-roundish, stalked, upper surface villous, under surface downy, as well as the branches ; racemes angular, terminal, few-flowered ; stamens 8 ; fruit globose. Tj . S. Na- tive in hot ])laces by the river Magdalena. F'lowers yellow. Crotun-like Caper-tree. Slirub 8 feet. lO.j C. fukiuba'cea (Ruiz, et Pav. in herb. Lamb. D. C. prod. 1. p. 252.) leaves elliptical-oblong, blunt, stalked, upper surface glabrous, under surface, as well as branches and foot- stalks velvety ; racemes terminal, angular, many-flowered ; stamens 1 2, hispid at the base, ^i . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers white. Scurfy Caper-tree. Shrub G feet. lOU C. siu.i;i-olia (Ruiz, et Pav. in herb. Lamb. D. C. prod. 1. J). 252.) leaves ovate, cordate at the base, stalked, upper sur- face in the adidt leaves glabrous, under surface velvety with starry down, as well as the branches ; racemes terminal, shorter than the leaves, soniewhat corymbose. ^ . S. Native of Peru. Stamens and fruit unknown. Sida-lcavcd Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 107 C. Bre'yma (Lin. spec. 721. J.icq. amer. t. \0S. pict. t. 152.) leaves elliptical, leathery, stalked, upper surface gla- brous, under surface scaly, as well as the branchlets ; peduncles angular, racemosely-corynil)ose ; stamens IG; siliques very long. Ij . S. Native of the West India islands and the South American continent towards the sea in dry coppices. Breynia Indica and C. cynophallophora, Lin. spec. ed. 1 . p. 503. — Breyn. icon. 13. Leaves covered beneath with a mixture of small sil- very and rust-coloured dots or scales. Petals white, tinged with purple ; anthers yellow. Flowers about the size ef a myrtle. I'ar. fi, unijlora (D. C. prod. 1. p. 252.) C. siliqu6sa, Lin. spec. 721. exclusive of the synonyms. This variety has a shorter fruit stalk and very acute leaves, the upper surface is glitter- ing, and the lower surface is covered with fcrrugineous :md silvery scales or dots. /JrcyHiMi-'i Caper-tree. I'l.? Clt. 1752. Shrub 12 feet. 108 C. Ja.maice'nsis (Jacq. amer. t. 101.) leaves oblong, emarginate, leathery, upper surface glabrous, under surface and branches covered with grey tomentum ; peduncles few-flowered ; stamens 20. I; . .S. Native of Jamaica. I'ruit like those of C. Brhjnia, and probably only a variety of it. Flowers yellowish- while, fragrant. Jaimiicti Caper-tree. Clt. 1 793. Shrub 6 feet. 109 C. TOKi'LosA (Swz. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 932.) leaves ovate- lanceolate, leathery, stalked, upper surface glabrous, under sur- face scaly, as well as the branches ; peduncles few-flowered, racemosely-corymbose ; stamens 28 ; silicjues very long. Ij . S. Native of the mountains of Jamaica and Barbadoes in bushy places. Flowers white. — Brown, jam. p. 246-2. Tonilose-siVu\ueA Caper-tree. Clt. 1822. Shrub 6 feet. 110 C. INTERMEDIA (H. B. et Kuutli, nov. spec. 5. p. 98.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, leathery, stalked, upper surface gla- brous, under surface, as well as branchlets, scaly ; peduncles few-flowered, racemosely-corymbose at the top ; siliques terete, stalk of fruit short and thick. ^ . S. Native of Cumana, where it is called Olive. Flowers white. Jnlcrmed'iatc Caper-tree. Shrub 10 feet. 111 C. co.mmuta't.v (Spreng. new. cntd. 3. p. 57.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, glabrous ; peduncles racemose, elongated, naked ; stamens shorter than the corolla. I; . S. Native of Guadaloupe and Martinico. Habit of ('. Breynia. Flowers white < C/iaiigcd Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet. f Capparidcs ; uncertain to nliic/t of the sections tlicij belong. • Species natives of the old world. 112 C. Mithrid.v'tica (Forsk. descr. 99.) leaves line;ir-lan- ceolate, blunt, glabrous, pendulous, stalked. 1; . G. Native of Arabia about Surdub. Perhaps a species of Capparii. Mithridate Caper-tree. Shrub G feet. N.B. Ciipparis Dahiin of the same author is omitted, because it is evident from his description that it is a species of Zi/go- phylluin or Ccesalpinia, • * Unarmed species from America. 113 C. ni'tida (Ruiz, et Pav. ined. inlitt. D.C. prod. 1. p. 252.) leaves oblong, acuminated, shining, glabrous, stalked ; pe- duncles axillary, 1-flowered; fruit oval. Ij . S. Native of the Andes of Peru in groves. F'lowers yellow. edicels. H. S. Native of South America netir Tolu. Petals white; anthers purple ; fllaments white. Shrubby Caper-tree. Shrub 14 feet. 115 C. AvicENNi.i'.r6LiA (II. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 94.) leaves elliptical, blunt at both ends, on very short foot- stalks, iqiper surface glabrous, under surface as well as younger leaves canescent ; racemes shorter than the leaves ; calyx cam- panulate, 4-lobed ; stamens scarcely exceeding the petals in length ; fruit globose. J; . S. Native of South America in the sand on the shores of the Pacific ocean and about Guayaquil. I'lowers while. ,7i'(c. D. C. prod. l.p. 254. Lin. syst. Pohjandria, Mononynia. Calyx follicular, at lonjith cut round at the base. Petals none. .Stamens indefinite, seated on a short receptacle. Berry oblonff, 1-seeded, stipitate. Unarmed shrubs, with variable leaves. Peduncles few or many- flowered, terminal. 1 T. Lu'ciDUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 254.) leaves entire, ellip- tical, acutish, glabrous ; branchlets and footstalks velvety ; berry ovate-globose. Ij . G. Native of Booby Island, lying between New Holland and New Guinea. Capparis liicida. Banks, herb. Flowers with copper-coloured stamens and anthers. .S'AiHin^-leaved Thylachium. Shrub 10 feet. 2 T. Africa'num (Lour. 1. c.) leaves entire, ovate, mucro- nulate, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous ; berry oblong. It • S. Native of the eastern co:ist of Africa. T. ovalifolium, .luss. ann. 12. p. 71. Flowers with copper-coloured stamens and anthers. African Thylachium. Shrub 10 feet. 3 T. HETEnorny'LLL'M (Juss. ann. 12. p. 71.) leaves glabrous, some of which are simple, others trifoliate. h^ . S. Native of M.idagascar. Capparis panduriftSrmis, Pet. Th. obs. afr. aust. p. 2*5. Flowers with brownish stamens. I'ariable-leai-cd Thylachium. Shrub 8 feet. 4 T. pandurifo'rme (Juss. ann. 12. p. 71.) leaves glabrous, some of which arc simple, fiddle-shaped, others are trifoliate. >t . .S. Native of the Mauritius. Capparis panduriformis, Lam. diet. 1. p. 609. Flowers with browiiish stamens. Fifl. Perhaps the interior calyx shoidd be termed a nectarv. 1 II.'Lcefungia'na (D. C. prod. 1. p. 254.) Ij . S. Na- tive of .South America. Flower scarlet, f Loe/ling's Hermupoa-tree. Tree 20 feet ? Cull. This plant has not yet been introduced, therefore tlic mode of cultivating and propagating it is not known ; but we would recommend its being treated in the same manner as Stc- phania. See p. 285. XXI. M^'RUA (Meru is the Arabic name of M. wiiflhra.) Forsk. oegyp. 104. D. C. prod. 1. p. 254. Lis. syst. Pohjindrin, Moiiogijiiia. Calyx tubular, 4-part- ed, valvate in the bud ; thro.it crowned with pet.iloid scales. Petals none. Torus elongated. Stamens indefinite, seated on the top of the receptacle, somewhat monadelphous at the base. Silique fleshy, sti])itate. Uiiarnicd, downy shrubs, with simple coriaceous leaves, furnished with setaceous stipulas. 1 M. lniflo'ra (Vahl. syml). 1. p. 36.) pedicels axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered ; petaloid crown filamentosely jagged ; leaves veinless. ^ . S. Native of .\rabia Felix at Yemen. M. crassi- folia, Forsk. I.e. Flowers with white filaments and yellow anthers. One-flotvercd .Mirrua. Shrub 4 feet. 2 M. Angole'nsis (D. C.prod. 1. p. 254.) pedicels axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered ; petaloid crown 4-lobed, with deeplv-jagged lobes; leaves in the middle 1-nerved. \^ . S. Native of An- gola. Perhaps sufliciently distinct from iV. uniflora. Angola Maerua. Shrub 6 feet? 3 yi. UACEMOSA (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 36.) racemes terminal, drooping ; petaloid crown entire. J^ . G. Native of Arabia. Racemosc-Qow crcA Mferua. Shrub 6 feet ? 4 M. RfoiDA (R. Br. in append, to Clapp. and Denh. trav.) corymbs terminal, few-flowered ; leaves obovate, thick, rigid, downy, veinless ; petaloid crown, many-parted. Ij . G. Native of the north of Africa, at Aghedem. Rigid-\ea\eCi Marua. .Shrub 4 feet. 5 M. Senecale'nsis (R. Br. ined.) corymbs terminal, scarcely pubescent ; leaves ovate or obovate, distinctly veined ; petaloid crown many-parted. Vi . S. Native of Senegal. Senegal M;crua. Slirub. Cull. These shrubs will no doubt thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and cuttings taken from young wood will strike root if planted in a pot of sand, placed under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat. XXII. A'RSIS (from aptric, arsis, elevation ; because of the fruit being seated on a long pedicel within the calj'x.) Lour. fl. coch. p. 3^5. LiN. SYST. Pohjandria, Monogf/nia. Calyx of 5-coloured deciduous sepals. Petals 5. .Stamens numerous, seated on an elongated receptacle ; anthers 4 -celled. Berry stipitate, 1-seeded. A small branched shrub, with ovate-lanceolate, wrinkled, quite entire leaves, and terniin.il racemes of small white flowers. 1 A. RiGo'sA (Lour. 1. c.) h . G. Native of Cochin- china. //V/n^/crf-leaved Arsis. Shrub 5 feet. Cull. A mixture of loam and sand will suit this shrub well, and cuttings will strike root if planted in a pot of sand, placed under a hand-glass. Order XVI. RESEDAXE^E (pl.-mt agreeing with Ilcseda in some important characters). D. C. Calyx of 4-5-6 permanent segments, which are slightly open in the bud, or rotate 5-toothed, as in Ochradenus. Petals open in aestivation, equal in number with the segments or teeth of the calyx, and alternating with them, usually fringed or cleft, furnished with broad claws, and inserted at tlie base of the elevated, dilated disk. Stamens definite, 2 or 3 for each petal, inserted in the disk ; they are rather connate at the base. Anthers 2-celled, at first erect, at length incumbent, and sometimes as if they were bursting outwardly ; cells parallel, 2-valved, free at the base, the rest connate, open- ing by a longitudinal suture ; the outer v.ilve is largest. Ovary trigonal, or tetragonal, pedicelled, with the pedicel closely fenced by the connate base of the fil.iments. Style none. Stigma 3-4-lobed, with the lobes equal in number to the angles of the capsule, .ind alternating with them, spreading^ 2-valvcd; valves connivent, truncate, and papillosely-hispid at RESEDACEiE. I. Reseda. 287 the top. Caps\ilcs (berry in Ochradcnus) trigonal or tetragonal, membranous, inflated, open at the top, with the seminiferous nerves equal in number with the stigmas ; these are perpendicular and parietal. Seeds simple, cochleated, sessile, pendulous, white or jcllow, disposed in an alternate double series, but they are sometimes scattered from abortion ; umbilicus small, ob- lique, with the upper side approximating the recess of the radicle ; outer coat of seed crustaceous, ornamented with minute dots, disposed in elevated lines ; inner coat membranous, dia- phanous. Albumen none. Embryo curved, conforming to the cavity of the seed, terete, yellowish, rather narrowed towards the base, with semi-cylindrical cotyledons, and with a supe- rior cylindrical thick radicle, which is very blunt at the base, and equal in length with the cotyledons, and opposite the umbi- licus. This order agrees with Ranunculiicece, especially with Delphhuum, in the complicated stigma, and structure of the ovary, as well as in the seminiferous placentas. It is also allied to Capjxiridcce and Tropceblcce, in the petals being unguiculate, as well as in the seed being destitute of albumen. The Cappa- ridea, Rcsedacae, Cniciferce, PcijiaveracecejanA Tropceolece, ap- pear to constitute a grand natural class ; and near to them, but at different points, must be arranged the Rttnunculdcece, Poly- galece, and Balsannnece, an arrangement which the many analo- gies and affinities existing between these families appear to justify. Most of the species of Reseda are rather ornamental ; and R. odoratu is cultivated extensively for the fragrance of its blos- soms. All the species are herbaceous, or slightly suflTrutieosc. The leaves are simple, trifid, or pinnate ; and the flowers, which are either yellow or white, are small, disposed in dense or loose terminal racemes. The seeds are kidney-shaped, and retain their vegetating power a considerable time, therefore they are easily introduced, in a living state, from one part of the world to another. This Order differs from Cruclferce in the capsules beino- uni- locular, in the stamens being indefinite, in the seeds being desti- tute of an umbilical cord, as well as in the capsules being bladdery and open at the top. It difllers in these two last characters from all the neighbouring orders, except Datiscece. Synopsis of the Genera. 1 Rese'da. Calyx of 1-5-6 narrow segments. Petals 4-5-6 cloven. Capsule bladdery, 3-4 horned, many-seeded. 2 Ociirade'nus. Calyx rotate, 5-toothed, replete with an annular gland. Petals wanting. Berry many-seeded. I. RESE'DA (from rcserfo, to calm, to appease ; the Latins thought it useful as a topical application in external bruises.) Lin. gen. ed. Schrccb. no. 831. Willd. spec. 'Z. p. 876. Lin. syst. Octo-Polydndiia. Tri-Tetragynia. Calyx di- vided almost to the base into 4-5-6 narrow segments. Petals cleft, equal in number with the segments of the calyx. Capsule bladdery, with a hole at the top when ripe. Herbaceous or slightly shrubby plants. §1. Leaves simile, entire. Petals trifd and quinqxiijid. Torus much dilated on one side. 1 R. sESAMoiDES (Liu. spcc. 61 1.) loaves lanceolate, entire, ob- tuse, smooth; petals 5; capsule furnished with 4 reflexed horns. %. H. Native of the south of France, Spain, and Portugal, on walls and among rubbish. Flowers small, white, in long racemes. Stems prostrate. Calyx reflexed, 3 of the segments pointed upwards, and 2 downwards. Sesamum-like Mignonette. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1787. PI. 1 foot long. 2 R. purpura'scens (Lin. spec. 644.) leaves linear, obtuse ; flowers pentagynous. TJ,. H. Native of the south of Europe, particularly about Montpelier. Stem purplish. Leaves like flax. Flowers of greenish-purple colour, in long spikes. Purplish Mignonette. Fl. Ju. July. PI. i foot. 3 R. iiNiFOLiA (Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 501.) leaves linear- awl-shaped, channelled ; capsules 3-toothed. ©. H. Native of the south of Europe and Egypt. R. subulata Delile. ill. p. 15. Flax-leaved Mignonette. Fl. July, August. Clt. 1819. PI 1 foot. 4 R. GLAu'cA (Lin. spec. 644.) leaves linear, glaucous, toothed at the base; flowers tetragynous. %.Vi. Native of Spain and Egypt. — Mor. oxon. 3. p. 601. sect. 15. t. 6. f. 4. Flowers pale yellow, disposed in long spikes. Pinnula of leaves not changed into scarious teeth. {Link.) G/aHco»s Mignonette. Fl. May, Jid. Clt. 1748. PI. 1 ft. 5 R. dipe'tala (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 132.) leaves linear, quite entire, acute ; flowers tetragynous, 2-petalled ; pe- tals undivided. $ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. R. Capensis, Burm. prod. cap. 13. Habit of R. sesamoldes. Stem suffruticose, erect, branched ; branches round, smooth. Flowers white, remote, in terminal racemes. Segments of calyx 6, minute, with white margins. Petals cuneated, quite entire. Capsule globose. J'n'o-pet a I led Mignonette. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1774. PI. li foot 6 R. scoPARiA (Brouss. in Willd. enum. 499.) leaves linear, quite entire, smoothish ; stem shrubby ; branches twiggy ; cap- sules clavate, 3-toothed. 1^ • G. Native of TeneriflTe. Flowers yellow. This species comes very near R. glaiica. Capsule ta- pering to the base. Broom Mignonette. Fl. Ju. Sep. Clt. 1815. Shr. 1 foot. 7 R. cane'scens (Lin. syst. 448.) leaves lanceolate, entire, wavy, pilose; branches hairy; capsules 6-toothed. 1/. H. Native of Egypt. R. hexagyna, Forsk. descr. 92. Stem erect. Leaves with a pilose keel, and rather ciliated margins. Flowers in racemes, with white petals and yellow anthers. Clus. hist. 1. p. 296. t. 295. It appears from the description in Lin. spec. 644. that Linnaeus intended a very different plant from that which he describes in his systema, as well as in his reference to Clusius. Cancsccnt Mignonette. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1597. PI. 1 foot. 8 R. lute'ola (Lin. spec. 643.) leaves lanceolate, entire, but furnished with a tooth on each side, at the base ; caly.x 4-cleft, upper petal quinquefid, lateral ones trifid, lower one bifid or simple. ©. H. Native of Europe in pastures, fallow- fields, waste-places, and on dry banks and walls. Smith, eng. bot. t. 321. Jacq. aust. 4. t. 352. Flowers yellow, trigy- nous, in long spikes which are nodding at the top. It is an observation of Linnceus, that the nodding spike of the flower follows the course of the sun, even w hen the sky is covered ; pointing towards the east in the morning, to the south at noon, westward in the afternoon, and north at night. Dyers formerly made considerable use of this plant ; for it aftbrds a most beautiful yellow dye for cotton, woollen, silk, and linenl Blue cloths are dipped in a decoction of it in order to become green. The yellow colour of the paint called Dutch-pink is obtained from this plant. The entire plant when it is about flowering is pulled up for the use of the dyers, who employ it 288 RESEDACE.T:. I. Reseda. hotli fresh and dried. In various .lutliors the pl.int has the names of Dyers' -weed, Vclloiv-ivccd, Wild, tl'oiid, li'ould, and H ild If'nad. 'I'he seeds are usually sown after barley is taken ofl'the ground in autumn, or it is very eommonly sown with bar- ley iu the spring, but the lirst mode is the best, because the plants make some progress (he first year, and in the following season they will be twice the size of those sown in spring. After the ground has been well ploughed and harrowed the seeds should he sown broad-cast, of which one gallon is sufiicient for an acre. Unless the ground is very ])oor it will not require any dung. The best crops, however, will be the result of drilling and cultivating the croj) alone. The drills may be a foot apart, and the pl.ints (i inches distance, in the rows. The plants should be kept clear of weeds by hoeing. When seeds are required a small ])ortlon should be left standing for this purpose, and the plants should be pulled as the seeds ripen. 'I'iie whole crop may he cleared off' before the time of sowing wheat, which is the best crop to follow Dycrs'-iroold. 'l"he crop is taken by pulling the entire plant ; some pull it wlien in flower, others pull it ear- lier, but the last appears to be the best. In the execution of the work, the plants are drawn up by the roots in small handfuls, and set up to dry, after being tied with one of the stalks ; sometimes, however, tliey become siiflieiently dry without being set up, by turning. These, after they have been completely dried, are tied up into bundles and sold by the name of ll'cld-cord. The de- mand for it is sometimes very little, while at others it is so great as to raise the price to a high degree. The herb is sometimes gathered green and treated like Woad or Indigo, but in gener.al the dried herb is used by the dyers in a state of decoction. The chief disease of field is the mildew, to which it is very liable when young, and this is one reason that it is often sown u ith other crops. Dyers' -JVtcd. V\. .Inn. .\iig. IJritain. PI. 1 to 3 feet. 9 K. crista'ta (Link. enum. 2. p. 8.) leaves lanceolate, en- tire, waved, with 2-glands at the base. ©. H. Native of Spain. R. lanceolata, Lag. Flowers yellow, similar to those of /{. Lutiola. Curlcd-VaxcA Dyers'-Weed. Fl. Ju. Aug. CIt. 1 820. PI. 1 ft. 10 H. vire'scens (Morn. hort. Iiafn. 2. p. 501.) leaves li- near-lanceolate, smooth, quite entire; capsules 4-toothed. Q. H. Native of Spain. Flowers greenish-yellow, in long slender spikes. drccnhh Dyers'-Weed. Fl. Ju. .lul. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot. U U. Ciiine'nsis (Lour. fl. cochin, p. 299.) leaves broad- lanceolate, (piile entire, smooth, calyx .5-j)arted ; capsules .'3- toothed. O. H. Native of the south of China, in the suburbs of Canton. Flowers yellow, in spikes. This species and the following is very like the R. Lutiula, and like it affords a yellow dye. C//i«we Dyers'-Weed. Fl. Ju. Jil. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 foot. 12 R. Cociiin-ciiine'nsis (Lour. fl. cochin, p. 299.) leaves broad-lanceolate, 5-nerved, (piite entire ; calyx 5-parted ; cap- sules 3-loolhed. ©. H. Native of Cochin-china. Flowers trigynous, yellowish, in spikes. Petals jagged. Plant slender. Cocliin-cliina Dyers'-Weed. Fl. Ju. Jul. PI. 1 foot. §. 2. Leaves entire and Irifid on I he same plant. Segments of the petals inserted on the baeic of the clan's. Torus much dilated on one side, 13 R. Meditrrra'nea (Lin. syst. 448.) leaves l.-uiccolate, entire, and trilid ; calyx (i-parled, larger than the |)et:ds. ©. H. Native of the north of Africa, Palestine, &c. Jac{|. icon. rar. t. 475. Limll. coll. t. 22. R. tetragyna, Forsk. descr. 90. Flowers with while petals, the 2 superior ones are S-jjarted, the two la- teral ones 2-i)arte(l ; the two lowest ones linear. Capsules 3- horned. Both leaves and stems arc scabrous ; the ujipermost cauline leaves trilid. -Mediterranean yWgnonclte. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1791. PI. 1 foot. 14 R. odora'ta (Lin. spec. 64().) leaves lanceolate, bluntisli, entire or trifid ; c.ilyx C-])arted, ecpial in length to the ])etals, which are finely cleft into many club-shaj)ed divisions ; the two lowest simple; capsules 3-toothed. 0. H. Native of the north of Africa, Egypt, &c. Mill. fig. t. 217. Curt. hot. mag. t. 29. Plant diffuse, with a few hairs on the stems. Flowers with yellowish- white petals and saffron anthers, disposed in loose racemes. The two u])per petals and the two lateral ones are finely fringed, the two lower ones are very narrow. The luxury of the pleasure garilen, says Curtis, is greatly heightened by the de- lightful odour which this plant diffuses ; and as it grows more readily in pots, its fragrance can be conveyed into the house. Jar. /3, frutescens (Ker. hot. rcg. 227.) this plant does not apj)ear to differ from the common Mi/^nonclte, unless that the stems are shrubby, but it is known that if the conmion Migno- nette were kept as a green-house plant, and trained up in the same way, it would also become shrubby. The Mignonette is a well known and imiversal favorite. The flowers are highly odoriferous, and there are very few to whom this odour is oHensive. The plant in pots is in great demand in London for rooms and placing in balconies, and forms for these purposes an extensive article of culture among florists and market-gardeners. 'I'he seeds are either sown in pots, or transplanted into pots, 4 or 6 plants to a pot 4 inches in diame- ter. " To obtain plants for flowering from December to Febru- ary, a sowing sl.oidd l)e made in July, in the ojien ground, and the plants potted in September. The crop for March, April, and May, should be sown in pots not later than the 25th of August ; the plants from this sowing will not sutter from exposure to rain whilst they are young ; they must, however, be protected from early frosts, like the winter-crop ; they are to be thinned in November, leaving not more than 8 or 10 plants in a pot; and at the same time the pots should be sunk 3 or 4 inches in some old tan or coal-ashes, and should be covered with a frame, which it is best to place fronting the west, for then the lights may be left open in the evening, to catch the sun whenever it sets clear. The third, or spring-crop, should be sown in pots, not later than the 25th of February. These must be placed in a frame, on a gentle heat ; and as the heat declines, tlie pots must be let down three or four inches into the dung-bed, which will keep the roots moist, and prevent their leaves ivnning brown, from the heat of the sun in April and May. The plants thus ob- tained will be in perfection by tlie end of May, and be ready to succeed those raised by the autunuial sowing." (Rishon. hort. trans. 2. p. 375.) The Tree-Mignonette should be propagated from seeds sown in spring ; it may also be increased by cuttings, which strike root readily. The yoimg plants should be potted siiiglv into small pots, and brought forw:n-d by heat on a gentle hot- bed, but they will grow well witliout artificial heat. As they advance they shotdd be tied to a slick, taking care to prevent the growth of sm.'dler side shoots by ])inching them f)fl', but allow ing the leaves of the main stem to remain on for a time. When they have at- tained the height of ten inches, or more, according to the fancy of the cidlivator, the shoots must be suffered to extend them- selves from the top, but nnisi be occasionally stopped at the ends, to force them to form a bushy head, which by the autumn will be eight or nine inches in diameter, and covered with bloom. \\ hilst the )>lauls are attaining the proper size, they should be shifted progressively into larger pots, anti may he ulti- mately left in those of about six inches in diameter at the top. {Sabine, hurt, trans. 3. p. 181 ) ■RESEDACEtE. I. Reseda. II. Ochradenus. 289 Sivcct-scentcd Mignonette. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1752 or 1739. PI. diffuse. l.") R. phyteu'ma (Lin. spec. G4'5.) leaves lanceolate, spatu- late, upper ones sometimes a little divided ; calyx 5-parted, spatulate, ciliated, much longer than the petals. ©. H. Na- tive of" France, Austria, Italy, Switzerland, and the Levant. Jacq. aust. 2. t. 132. Plant decumbent, scabrous from short bristles. Flowers with white petals, which are very finely fringed, and yellow anthers. Capsules 3-tootlied. /"/((//CM/Hfl Mignonette. Fl. May, Sejjt. CI. 1752. PI. dec\imb. IG R. RAMOsi'ssiMA (Pour. in Willd. enum. p. 199.) leaves linear, undivided, sometimes trifid ; stem erect, much branched; calyx 6-parted ; capsules obovate, 3-toothed. 1/ . H. Native of Spain. R. recta. Lag. Flowers with white petals, which are variously jagrjed, and yellow anthers. Much-branched Mignonette. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. 2 ft. § 3. Leaves all trijid. Petals nsualhj h'ifid or tr'ifd, nhcn the last IS the case the middle segment is very narrow, the lateral ones always falcate. Torus much dilated on one side, 17 R. saxa'tilis (Pour, in Willd. enum. p. 500.) leaves all trifid ; segments linear, but those of the lower leaves are lan- ceolate and wavy ; stem simple ; calyx ti-parted ; flowers pen- dulous ; capsules erect, clavatcd, 3-toothed ? ^ . H. Native of Spain. R. stricta, Pers. ench. 2. p. 10. Petals white, very finely fringed or trifid ? Stem erect. /?oc/t Mignonette. Fl. June, July. Ch. 1816. PL 1 foot. 18 R. I'RuiNosA (Delile, ill. aegypt. 15.) hispid and pruinose ; leaves all trifid ; segments sometimes bifid, sometimes trifid, all obtuse, lateral ones narrow, middle one broad and rounded at the apex ; stem and leaves covered witli pruinose papillae, most evident towards the top ; calyx 6-parted ; petals bifid or trifid ; capsules bluntly 3-toothed. l^. H. Native of Egypt. Flowers yellow. Frosty Mignonette. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 foot. 19 R. l^viga'ta ; leaves all trifid; segments linear or lan- ceolate, mucronate, upper ones finely ciliated or serrulated ; stem much branched ; calyx 6-parted, linear. $ . H. Native of Egypt. A smooth much-branched plant. Stem with a very few minute bristles on the angles. Flowers yellow ; petals bifid or trifid. Capsule bluntly 3-toothed. Leaves sometimes simple. ^'/Hoo//(erf Mignonette. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1828. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 20 R. ora'cilis (Tenore, prod. app. fl. nap. ex Schlecht. Linnaa 3. p. 1 00.) stem diffuse, much branched ; leaves all tri- fid ; segments linear, slender, intermediate one rarely bifid ; capsules clavated, elongated, sharply tricuspidate. $ . H. Na- tive of Calabria and Lucania. Like R. liitea, but differs in the stems being more branched, as well as in the leaves being all trifid. It differs from R. saxdtilis, in the stem being branched and diffuse, not simple and straight. S'lcndcr Mignonette. Fl. June, July. PL 1 foot. 21 R. lu'tea (Lin. spec. 645.) smooth ; lower leaves pinna- tifid, upper ones 3-parted ; segments narrow, entire, or wavy ; calyx 6-parted; lower petals simple? capsule 3-toothed. 0. or 1/ . H. Native of many parts of Europe, abundant in Britain on chalky hills and waste places. Jacq. aust. t. 353. Smith, eng. hot. t. 321. Flowers yellowish. Ray and Haller remark, that this plant has an oleraceous taste resembling that of cabbage. Petals bifid or trifid. Yellon Mignonette or Base Rocket. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 1 to 2 feet. I 3. Leaves all pinnate or pinnatifd. Petals S-piarted or 3- lohed. 22 R. tiNDATA (Lin. spec. 644.) leaves all pinnatifid ; seg- ments linear-lanceolate, mucronate, waved, with scabrous mar- VOL. I. — part IV. gins ; racemes .slender, spicate ; calyx 5-parted ; petals trifid ; capsules 3-4-horned. $ . H. Native of Spain and Italy, and other parts of the south of Europe. — Barrel, icon. rar. 78. t. 588. The leaves of this plant are sometimes interruptedly pinnate, the intermediate leaflets much smaller than the others, and of a dif- ferent form and more upright. The flowers are said to have 3- 4-5 styles ; the petals are white and the anthers are yellow. Capsules large. /farcfZ-leaved Mignonette. Fl. May, Sep. Clt. 1739. PL 2 ft. 23 R. propi'nqua (R. Br. in append, to Clapp. and Denh. trav.) this species comes near to A', undala. It is remarkable in having the claws of all the petals simple ; that is, neither dilated or thickened, nor having any process or appendage at the point or union, with a trifid lamina, into which they gradually pass. (R. Br. 1. c.) © ? H. Native near Tripoli and between Tripoli and Mourzuk. Dr. Oudney. The remarkable structure of the petals we think will be found in R. alba, undala, and many others. Related Mignonette. PL 1 to 2 feet. 24 R. a'lba (Lin. spec. 645.) leaves all pinnatifid ; segments lan- ceolate, smooth, rarely waved ; racemes dense ; calyx 5-6-parted ; petals 3-lobed ; capsules 4-horned. $ . H. Native of the south of Europe and north of Africa. R. fruticulosa, Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 474. The leaves are sometimes interruptedly pinnate, with the intermediate ones smallest. Flowers in dense spikes, with white petals and brownish anthers. — Lob. icon. 222. In the Fl. graec. R. dlba is figured witli quinquefid petals ; we doubt the correctness of this. White Mignonette. Fl. May, Sep. Clt. 1596 or 1693. PL 2 ft. 25 R. fruticulosa (Lin. spec. 645.) leaves interruptedly pin- nate ; segments lanceolate, recurved, with scabrous margins ; terminal segment large ; stem shrubby at the base ; calyx 5- parted ; petals 3-lobed ; capsules 4-horned, with the horns recurved. Ij . 1^. H. Native of Spain and Sicily. The racemes are rather slender. The petals are white, and the anthers yel- lowish. We suspect that this and the three preceding species are only varieties. Small-47;r«6i;/ Mignonette. Fl. May, Sep. Clt. 1794. PL 2 ft. 26 R. bipinna'ta (Willd. enum. 500.) leaves bipinnatifid, very scabrous ; stem suffVuticose ; racemes densely spicate. Tj . F. Native of Spain on gypsaceous rocks near Aranjuez. Flowers with white trifid petals and yellowish anthers. Very like 7?. dlba. £('^j('HH«^-leaved Mignonette. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt.1816. PL 2 ft. 27 R. miriophy'lla (Tenore, fl. nap. app. prim. p. 28.) leaves pinnate, with 12 pairs of segments, which are linear and blunt, straight and approximate, entire, but the terminal one is 3-lobed; flowers tetragynous ; calyx 5-parted, erect. ©• H. Native of Naples. Flowers with white 3-parted ? petals and yellowish anthers. Thousand-leaved ^Ugnonettc. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PL 1 to 2 feet. 28 R. INCISA (Tenore, fl. nap. app. prim. p. 28.) leaves in- terruptedly pinnate, with many pairs of segments ; these are linear acute and cut, approximate ; flowers tetragynous ; calyx 5-parted, erect; petals 3-parted ? ©. H. Native of Naples. Flowers with white petals and yellow anthers. C»<-leaved Mignonette. Fl. June, July. PL 1 to 2 feet. Cult. The seeds of these plants only require to be sown in the open ground, and the plants afterwards treated as other hardy annuals and biennials. The suffVuticose species require shelter during winter ; these are either propagated by seeds or cuttings. II. OCHRADE'NUS (from oxpoc, ochros, yellow, and ooji', adcn, a gland; colour of the gland, or rather disk of the flower.) Delile. ill. segypt. 15. Pp ■290 RESEDACEiE. 11. Ochradesus. DATISCE.E. I. Datisca. FLACOURTIANE.E. Lin. syst. I'oltjaiidria, Tri/ji'/iiia. Calyx rotate, S-tootlit'd, rfplfte with an annular jfland or ratlier disk. Petals wanting. Berry many-seeded. A small .shrub, with numerous twigiry, straight, smooth branches. Leaves linear bluntish, furnished on each side with a glandular tubercle. Flowers in spikes, yel- low. Peduncles at lengtli becoming spinescent. 1 O. bacca'tus (Delilc. 1. c.) I;. F. Native of Upper Egypt- i?flccfl/(?-fruited Ochradenus. Shrub 1 foot. Cult. See /{. cdorala frulescens for the culture and prop.iga- tion of this plant. Order XVIL DATI'SCE/E (this order only contains the genus DatUca.) R. Br. in Clapp. and Dcnh. trav. appendix. Flowers dioecious from abortion. Male flowers with the calyx of 5 linear equal acute sepals. Corolla wanting. Sta- mens about 15, inserted in the receptacle, very short; anthers oblong, obtuse, much longer than the calyx, 2-celled, bursting inwards. Female flowers, with a superior, erect, bidentate, minute, permanent calyx. Corolla none. Ovary oblong, in- ferior. Styles 3, short, cloven ; stigmas simple, oblong, shaggy. Capsule prismatic, crowned by the permanent styles, with 3- valves and 1-cell, with a hole at the top as in Reseda. Seeds small, numerous, ranged along 3-4 or 5 placentarious nerves in the capsule. Albumen pale, fleshy. Embryo straight, terete, w ith very short cotyledons, and a long thick centrifugal radicle. This order comes very near to Rcscdiiccce, but differs in the seeds being furnished with albinnen, in the flowers being apeta- lous, in the calyx being adherent, and in the fruit being inferior. Large coarse perennial herbs, having the appearance of licnip, witli pinnate leaves and long spiked racemes of insignificant flowers, resembling those of some species of Reseda ; they ap- pear to be yellowish-green from the colour of the anthers. Ripe seeds of these plants are easily introduced in a living state from their native countries on account of the copious albumen. The genus Tctrdmelis of R. Br. belongs to this order, and is remark- able in the quaternary division of every i)art of the dioecious flower. The plant is a native of Java. I. DATI'SCA (meaning unknown.) Lin. gen. 530. Juss. gen. 445. Ga^rt. fruct. 1. t. 147. t. 30. LiN. sYST. Diwcia, Pulydmlria. Cliaracter the same as that of the order. 1 D. CANNAr.fsA (Lin. spec. G49.) leaflets deeply serrated, pale-green; stem and leaves smooth. l^.H. Native of Can- dia and some other parts in the south of Europe. Alp. exot. t. 21)4.— Mor. hist. 3. p. 433. sect. 11. t. 25. f. ;i-\. Bastard //twyj. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 173!). PI. 4 Act. 2 D. iii'rta (Lin. spec. 1 109.) leaflets dee]ily serrated, larger, more alternate, and more decurrent and confluent at the l)ase than in the last species ; stem hairy. 2/ . IL Native of Pennsyl- vania. Flowers in terminal panicles. //«iry-stemmed Bastard Hemp. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.? PI. 3 to 4 feet. 3 D. Nepale'nsis (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 203.) leaflets 5, ovate-lanceolate, serrated ; male flowers octandroiis ; stem and leaves smooth. ■J{.. H. Native of Nipaul. This species differs from D. eannahhia, in the male flowers having 8 anthers, not 10-15, as well as in the stigmas being much shorter. Nipaul Bastard Hemp. Fl. Jinie, Aug. PI. 3 to 4 fei't. Cull, 'lliese plants will grow under any circumstances, and are easily increased by dividing at the root when dormant. They arc only fit to be planted in shrubberies. Order XVHL FLACOURTI.VNE.E (plants .agreeing with Flacoiirtia in many important characters). Rich, in mem. mus. 1. p. 3GG. D. C. prod. 1. p. 255. .Sepals 4-5-7. (f. 53. b.), definite in number, connected a little together at the ba.se. Petals equal in number with the sepals and alternating with them, very rarely absent (f. 55. a.). .Sta- mens inserted into the thalamus or receptacle, equal in number with the petals, but sometimes double or multiple that number (f. 55. 56. a.) and sometimes these are changed into necta- riferous scales. Ovary ovate-globose, free, sessile (f. 55. c. f. 5C. d.) or on a very short stipe. Style absent, or when pre- sent fdiform (f. 56. /.). Stigmiis equal in number with the valves of the ovary, more or less distinct (f. 56. e.) from each other. Fruit 1 -celled (f. 56, g.) sometimes indehiscent and fleshy, sometimes capsular, 4-5-valved, fdled with a fine pulp inside. Seeds few, thick, usually inwrapped in a dry thin pulpy pellicle ; these seeds are fixed to the valves of the capsule, not to the margin as in Capparidcce, nor to a longitudinal line as in Violariece and Passijlorece, but with the placentas branched in the disk of the valves, and the seeds adhering somewhat irregularly, and as if it were areolately, to these branched placentas. Albu- men fleshy, rather oily. Embryo straight, slender, with the radicle turned towards the hilum. Cotyledons flat, oval, leafy. This order contains small tropical trees or shrubs without sti- pulas. The leaves are alternate, simple, feather-nerved, usually entire and coriaceous, on very short footstalks. Peduncles ax- illary and many-flowered. Flowers small, insignificant, often of distinct sexes, they are yellow, white, or greenish. Fruit when fleshy eatable. This order is allied to Capparidcce and Rcse- dacece, but it differs from these as well as from all dicotyledonous plants in the seeds being fixed to branched parietal placentas. Nothing is known of the properties of the plants contained in this order. The seeds are difficult to introduce in a living state from their native countries. Synopsis of the genera. Tribe L Patrisie'.e. Flowers hermaphrodite, apelalous. Sepals o. Fruct capsular or baccate. 1 RvAN.E*A. Flowers with a pctaloid urccolus between the stamens and the pistil. Fruit baccate, indehiscent. 2 Patri'sia. Urccolus wanting. Fruit capsular, dehiscent, papery, 3-5-valvcd. 'I'ribi; H. Flacourtie';*:. Floners dioecious (f. 55. a. b. f. 56. a, d.)from abortion, apetalous (f. 56. a. f. 55. a.). Fruit baccate (f. 55. c. f. 56. d.), indehiscent, 3 Flacou'rtia. Stamens densely crowded upon a hemisphe- rical, glandle.ss torus (f. 55. a.). Stigmas 4-9 (f. 55. b.). 4 Rou'mea. Stamens not inserted upon a dilated torus (f. 56. a.), girded at the base by crcnated glands. .Stigm.-is ca- pitate, depressed (f. 56. c) FLACOURTIANEyE. I. Ryan.ea. II. Patiusia. III. Flacourtia. 291 5 Stigmarota. Stamens as in Roumea. Style crowned by 6 radiant stigmas. Tribe III. Kiggelarie\'e. Flowers dioecious from abortion (f. 57. a. b.) Pelah 5. Fruit baccate, at length dehiscent. G Kiggela'ria. Petals 5, bearing 3 gland.s at the claw (f. 57.) 7 Melicv Tus. Petals 5, glandless. Stigmas 4-5, radiant. 8 Hvdnoca'rpus. Petals 5, furnished each with a scale at the base. Tribe IV. Erythrospe'rme^e. Flowers hermaj>hrodite. Petals and sta- mens 5-7. Fruit baccate, indehiscent. 9 Erythrospe'rmum. Calyx of 4 sepals, about equal in Icngtli with the petals. Tribe I. PATRISIE'^ (plants agreeing with Patrisia in some im- portant characters). D. C. prod. 1. p. 255. Flowers herma- phrodite, apetaloiis. Sepals 5, coloured on the inside, permanent. Stamens indefinite. Fruit capsular or baccate. Perhaps refer- able to some genera in Passiftoretv near Smeathmdnnia ? but the seeds are smooth, not as in Passijlorcer, scrobiculate, wholly fixed to the disk, not fixed longitudinally to the nerves of the valves as in that order. I. RYANjE'A (named by Vahl after John Ryan, who col- lected and sent to him many plants from Guiana and Cayenne). D. C. prod. 1. p. 254. Ryania, Vahl. eel. 1. p. 51. t. 9. " Patri- sia, Rich. act. soc. par. p. 111. LiK. SYST. Polyandria, Monogijnia. Urceolus petaloid, si- tuated between the stamens and the pistil. Fruit baccate, inde- hiscent. Branching shrubs with simple leaves. The Jiame is a little changed to prevent its being confounded with Riana. 1 R. sPEcio'sA (Vahl. 1. c.) leaves green on both surfaces, under surface bearing stellate hairs on the ribs; peduncles 1- flowered. I^ • S. Native of the island of Trinidad and in Cayenne in mountain woods. Patrisia pyrifera, Rich. 1. c. Pers. ench. 2. p. 69. Flowers large, somewhat cream-coloured, ,S7(OT)/ Ryancea. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 182.'3. Shrub 10 feet. Cult. This beautiful and singular shrub deserves a place in every stove. It will thrive well in vegetable mould mixed with a little sand ; and ripened cuttings will strike freely if planted in a pot of sand, which should be plunged in a gentle heat, under a band or bell-glass. II. PATRrSIA ( — Patris, who collected numerous plants in Cayenne). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 5. p. 356. D. C. prod. 1. p. 255. Lin. syst. Polyandria, Tri-Pentagi/nia. Urceolus none. Fruit capsular, dehiscent, suberose or papery, 3-5-valved. 1 P. Bi'coLOR (D. C. prod. 1. p. 256.) leaves white on the under surface from very fine tomentum ; peduncles many-flow- ered. T^ . S. Native of Cayenne and Trinidad. Flowers large, cream-coloured. Tno-eoloured-\ea.vei Patrisia. Shrub 8 feet. 2 P. parviflora (D. C. prod. 1. p. 250.) leaves villous on the under surfiice without ribs; peduncles 1 -flowered. \' . S. Native of Cayenne. Flowers whitish. Sma I l-Jlonered Patrisia. Shrub 12 feet. 3 P. denta'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 357.) leaves glabrous on the ribs, on the under surface, and with the veins puberulous; flowers axillary, 1-2, on short pedicels ; branchlets somewhat flexuous. f; . S. Native of sandy shady places between Atures and iMaypures on the Orinoco river. Flowers whitish. 7oo//(«/-leaved Patrisia. Tree SO feet. 4 P, AFpf Nis (H, B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves glabrous, with the nerve and veins on the under surface rather hairy, ovate, acumi- nated, obsoletely denticulated ; flowers 1-2, axillary on short pedicels ; branchlets somewhat erect. Ij . S. Native on rocks near Carichana on the river Orinoco. F'lowers whitish. Root poisonous. Allied Patrisia. Tree 20 feet. Cult. The species of Patrisia require to be grown in a mix- ture of loam and vegetable mould, and ripened cuttings will root freely if planted in a pot of sand, and a hand-glass placed over them, plunged in heat. Tribe II. FLACOURTIFjE (shrubs agreeing with Flacourtia in many important characters). D. C. prod. 1. p. 256. Flowers dioe- cious from abortion (f. 55. a. b. f. 56. a. d.), pctalless (f. 55. a. f.SG.b.). Stamens indefinite (f. 55. a.). Fruit baccate, inde- hiscent (f. 55. c. f. 56. (/.). III. FLACOU'RTIA (in honour of Etienne de Flacourt, a Director of the French East India Company, and the commander of an expedition to Madagascar in 1648, of which he afterwards wrote an account, which contained considerable details upon the botany of that country). Lher. stirp. 59. t. 30. D. C. prod. 1. p. 25(3. Lin. syst. Dioe'cia, Polyandria. Male flowers. Stamens densely crowded upon the hemispherical receptacle (f. 55. a.), glandless at the base. Female flowers. Calyx 4-5-cleft, (f. 55. b.) deciduous. Stigmas 4-9 (f. 55. b.), furnished each with one longitudinal furrow above. Seeds bony. Shrubs thorny. The sepals are whitish and the stamens and anthers are yellow. 1 F. Ramo'ntciii (Lher. 1. c. Lam. ill. t. 826.) le.ives roundish- ovate, acute, crenated. Ij . S. Native of Madagascar, where it is called Ramontchi. Alamotou, Flac. mad. 124. Flowers yellowish or cream-coloured. The fruit is of the size and shape of a small plum, red when ripe, but at length becoming violet- coloured with a transparent red flesh. I'he natives eat the fruit ; they are sweet, but leave a sharpness in the mouth. An island on the coast of Madagascar is covered with these trees, and because they resemble the European plum-tree, the sailors have named the island Isle aux Prunes, or Plum-tree Island. Ramo?itchi Flacourtia. Fl. Ju.Jul, CU, 1775, .Sh, 8 feet, 2 F. sa'pida (Roxb, cor, 1. p. 49, t, 69.) leaves elliptic, repandly- serrated, bluntish at both extremi- ties, Ij , S. Native of the East In- dies on mountains. Flowers yellow. Fruit red, the sizeof acommon cur- rant ; they are eaten by the inhabit- ants, and are very palatable. The tree is called Pedda Canrem by the Telingas, (f, 55,) .Sayjirf Flacourtia, Fl. Clt. 1800. Tree 12 feet. 3 F. ine'rmis (Roxb. cor. 3. t. 222.) an unarmed tree ; leaves el- liptic, crenatcly-serrated, shining ; racemes axillary, short ; flowers hermaphrodite; style 5-cleft, i? . S, Native of the Molucca islands. Stamens 20-30. Berries reddish-purple, of a pleasant acid taste, for which the tree is cultivated extensively in the Moluccas, C^normcf/ Flacourtia, Fl, Feb, Nov, Ch, 1814, Tree 30 ft, 4 F, sepia'ria (Roxb, cor, 1. p. 48, t. 68.) leaves obovate- P p 2 FIG. 55. Mai. misc. 1, no, 1, p. 25. 292 FLACOURTIANE^. III. Flacourtia. IV. Roumea. V. Stigmarota. VI. Kiggclaria. oblong, repaiidly serrated. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. — Hliccd. mal. '2. p. 39. Many of tlie synonyms i^iven to this plant are probably confused with those of E lieodcndrun Ar'gan. Fruit red, eatable, and are sold in public markets ; they are called Canrciv by the Telingas. This bush answers well for fences, the spines bein;; very strong. y/a/^e Flacourtia. "Cli. 1820. Shrub C feet. 5 F. catapiira'cta (Koxb. in. Willd. spec. i. p. 830.) leaves oval-oblong, acuminated, serrated. h^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers yellow. Fruit reddish, when ripe eatable. /lll-urmcd Flacourtia. Clt. 1 80-1-. Shrub 8 feet. (> F. flave'sci;ns (Willd. spec. 4. p. 830.) leaves oblong, bluntish, serrated, narrowed at the base. fj . S. Native of Guinea. Flowers and fruit yellow. IV/ZoH/iA Flacourtia. Clt. 1780. Shrub 15 feet. 7 F. uiiamnoi'des (Burch. cat. afr. austr. no. 1012.) leaves elliptical, somewhat serrated, acutish. ^ . G. Native of the Cai)e of Good Hope, in woods. Flowers axillary, small, yel- lowi>h ; pedicels 1 -Howered. Berry ovate, red, eatable when ripe. /f//rtwnHi-/(/LC Flacourtia. Clt. 1819. Shrub 4 feet. 8 F. flexlosa (H. B. et Kuntli, nov. spec. 7. p. 239.) branches flexuous, spinose ; leaves ovate-oblong, remotely serrated, mem- branous, smooth, shining : male flowers axillary, aggregate. It . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers yellowish. /VcarM(,u.s-branched Flacourtia. .Shrub G feet. 9 F. CELASTRi^NA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 239.) spines of the branches very long and stiaiglit ; leaves obovatc-roundish, membranous, crenated, smooth, shining ; peduncles axillary, usually twin ; berry subglobose-elliptical. \ ■ S. Native of .Mexico. Flowers yellowish. Berries red. C'elastrus-like Flacourtia. Shrub 6 feet. 10 F. I'RUNiio^LiA (H. B. 1. c. p. 2 to. t. 654.) trunk beset with strong spines ; branches unarmed ; leaves obovate, ellip- tical, obtuse, coriaceous, smooth, shining, glandularly crenated ; racemes axillary, short. Jj . S. Native of New Granada. Flowers yellowish. Berries red, eatable when ripe ? I'lum-Uaied Flacourtia. Tree 20 feet. 11 F. corda'ta (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 241.) unarmed; leaves cordate, acute, crenated, coriaceous, smooth, shining ; male flowers aggregate, female ones solitary. Ij . S. Native of Peru. Flowers yellowish. Berries red ? C(«-(/«/(-l(aved Flacourtia. Shrub. Cull. This genus thrives best in a mixture of loam and ])eat. Cuttings will root freely planted in a pot of sand, and placed under a hand-glass, in heat. IV. KOU'MEA (in memory of Philippe Rose Roume, de St. Laurent, once an agent of the French Government in St. Domin- go, who was of great service to Poitcau while he travelled there.) Poit. mem. nius. 1. p. G2. t. 1. D. C. prod. 1. ]). 25 (j. Lin. syst. l)i(ccia,Polijaiidria. Male flowers with the stamens in- serted in a narrow receptacle (f. 5G, a.) girded at the base by crenated glands. Female flowers. Calyx per- manent, 4-5 cleft. Stigmas depress- ed-capitate at the top, (f 50, c.) Seeds cartilaginous.Thorny shrubs. 1 R.coriaVea (Poit. I.e.) spines of adult branches sometimes large and branched, sometimes small, simple ; leaves serrated. \i . S. Native of St, Domingo, in dry and sunny places. K.elera laurifolia, Willd. (exclusive of the descrip- FIG tion confused with Dri/pelcs,) Bessera spinosa, Spreng. pug. 2. p. 91. — Liniiicia laurifolia, Dietr. Flowers greenish-yellow, aggregate. Fruit small, saH'ron-colourcd, without taste. Leathery-\ea\cd Roumea. .Shrub 1 2 feet. 2 R. ine'h.mis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 256.) spines none ; leaves quite entire. I; . S. Native of Bengal. Bessera inermis, Spreng, j)ug. 2. p. 90. Branches angular from 3 strong nerves running down the stem from each leaf. Flowers 15-20 aggregate, small, on slender pedicels, in the axils of the leaves ; greenish-yellow, Male flowers with sessile anthers. Unarmed Roumea. Shrub 8 feet. Cull. These plants will thrive best in a mixture of loam and peat. Ripened cuttings will strike freely if planted in a pot of sand, and placed under a hand-glass, in heat. V. STIGMARO'TA (from stigma, a stigma, and rota, a wheel ; in allusion to the rayed stigmas.) Lour. coch. 2. p. 634. D. C. prod. 1. p. 257. Lin. syst. D'lcec'ui, Pohjandria. Male flowers as in Rou- mea. Female flower. Calyx deciduous, 4-5 parted. Style cy- lindrical, short ; stigmas 0, rayed. Berry fleshy, G-seeded, brownish-jjurple, eatable ; they arc sweetish, and somewhat as- tringent. Perhaps this genus should be joined with Flacourtia, or lioihnca ? 1 S. Ja'ngomas (Lour. 1. c.) spines on the female plants sim- ple, on the males branched ; leaves ovate, acuminated, serrated ; ])C(luncles many-flowered. Ij . G. Native of Cochin-china, from Lour, in Java, and Beleya, from Rumph. 7. p. 3G. t. 19. f. 1. and 2. Roumea Jangomas, Spreng syst. 2. p. C32. Jangomas is the name of the tree in Java ? J«)igo;Hn.s Stigmarota. Tree 12 feet. 2 S. Africa'na (Lour. 1. c.) ditters from the last species in the stem being shrubby and prickly ; flowers solitary, terminal ; stigmas G-7. Ij . G. Native of Cochin-china. African Stigmarota. Shrub 6 feet. Cidt. Should these plants ever be introduced into our gardens, we would recommend that they should be grown in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and ripened cuttings to be tried in sand, under a hand-glass. Tribe III. KIGGELARIE"^ (shrubs agreeing with Kiggclaria \n some important characters.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 257. Flowers dioe- cious from abortion, (f. 57. c. b.) Petals 5 ? alternating with the se])als. Stamens definite, (f. 57. (/.) Fruit somewhat bac- cate, at length dehiscent. VI. KIGGELA'RI.'V (in memory of Francis Kiggelar, an obscure Dutch l)otanist, who lived about the end of the seven- teenth century. He |)ublislied a catalogue of the garden of Beaumont, in 1790.) Limi. gen. no. 1128. D. C. prod. 1. p. 257. Lin. syst. Dicc'cia, Polijdndria. Petals 5, (f. 57. 6.) bearing 3 glands at the claw. Male flowers. Stamens 10-20 ; filaments short ; anthers opening by a double chink at the top. Female flowers. .Styles 2-5. Shrubs with willow-like leaves, which are somewhat velvety on the under surface, bearing racemes of small insignificant whitish-yellow flowers. 1 K. Africa' NA (Lin. spec. 14GG.) leaves serrated at length, glabrous and shining on the upper surface; stamens 10; styles 5. 1; . G. Native of .South Africa. Lam. ill. t. 821. Lin. hort. dirt". 462. t. 29. herb. citr. 24G. t. 12. Flowers greenish- white. African Kiggelaria. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1GH3. Shrub 15 feet. FLACOURTIANE^. VII. Melicytus. VIII. Hydnocarpus. IX. Erythrospermum. BIXINE^. 293 FIG. 57. 2 K. INTEGRIFO tiA (Jacq. coll. 2. p. 269. icon. rar. t. 628.) leaves entire, velvety on both surfaces ; stamens 20; styles 2, (f. 57. rf.) I; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers whitish. Entire-leaved Kiggelaria. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1819. Shrub 10 feet. Cult. These shrubs grow freely in a mixture of loam and peat ; ripened cuttings, planted in sand under a hand-glass, will root rea- dily. VII. MELICYTUS (from ,(f\<, mcU, honey, and kvtoq, cytos, a ca- vity ; because of the filaments which are called nectaries by For- ster bearing on the tip a meliferous cavity.) Forst. gen. t. 62. D. C. prod. 1. p. 257. Lix. SYST. Dice via, Pentandria. Petals 5, glandless. Male flowers. Stamens 5 ; filaments club-shaped ; anthers adnate. Fe- male flowers. Style very short ; stigmata 4-5, rayed. 1 M. RAMIFLORUS (Forst. 1. c. Lam. ill. t. 812. f. 1.) leaves toothed, oblong-cuneate, smooth on both surfaces. Tj . G. Na- tive of New Zealand. Peduncles aggregate, fasciculate. Flow- ers very minute, whitish. Britnch-Jionered Melicytus. Clt. 1822. Shrub 6 feet. 2 M. ? UMBELLA Tus (Geert. fr. 1. t. 206. t. 4 k f. 3.) Per- haps the same as M. ramijlurus, or perhaps a species of Ery- throspermum ? I'mbellate-flowereA Melicytus. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. This Genus requires the same treatment as Kiggelaria, which see. VIII. HYDNOCA'RPUS (from voi'uf, Injdnon, a tuber, and (vopTToe, karpos, a fruit ; in allusion to the fruit being crowned bv 4 tubercles.) Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 288. t. 60. f. 3. D. C. prod. ]'. p. 257. Liu. SYST. Dicecia, Pentandria. Male flower. Sepals 5, two outer ones ovate. Petals 5, with villous margins, furnished with a scale on the inside. Stamens 5. Female flower ? Berry sphe- rical, terminated by 4 reflexed tubercles. Placentas 4, many- seeded. A tree with flexuous branches, and alternate broad leaves. 1 H. ine'brians (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 100.) I^ . S. Native of Cevlon. H. venenata, Gaert. fr. 1. c. The fruit, when eaten, occasions giddiness, and is greedily devoured by fishes ; but when fish are taken by means of this fruit they are not eatable, as they occasion vomiting and other violent symptoms. Inebriating Hydnocarpus. Tree 30 feet ? Cult. This tree, if ever it should be introduced to the gar- dens, will probably thrive in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat. Tribe IV. ERYTHROSPE'RME/E (shrubs agreeing with Erythro- spermum in some important characters.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 257. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals and stamens 4-7. Fruit inde- hiscent, somewhat baccate. IX. ERYTHROSPE'RMUM (from £pv5poc, erythros, red, and a-Kepjxa, sperma, a seed ; because the seeds are red.) Lam. ill. t. 274. D. C. prod. 1. p. 257. LiN. SYST. Tetra-IIeptdndria, Tetra-Pentagynia. Calyx 4- sepalled, deciduous. Petals 4-7, scarcely longer than the calyx. Stamens 4-7 : filaments very short. Ovary roundisli. Stigmas 3-5. Fruit many-seeded. Very smooth unarmed shrubs. Flow- ers small, greenish-yellow. 1 E. macropiiy'llum (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 585.) leaves scattered, lanceolate, blunt, mucronate ; racemes shorter than the leaves. \ . S. Native of the Mauritius. Long-leaved Erythrospermum. Shrub. 2 E. panicula'tum (Poir. 1. c.) leaves scattered, ovate, blunt at both ends ; racemes panicled, longer than the leaves. f; . S. Native of the Mauritius. I'ar. ji, pauciJldrum,(D. C. prod. 1. p. 257.) racemes 2-4-flow- ered. Paniculate-racemcd Erytlirospermum. Shrub. 3 E. ELLi'pTicuM (Poir. 1. c. p. 585.) leaves scattered, ellip- tically-roundish, blunt at both ends ; racemes few-flowered, longer than the leaves. ^. S. Native of the Mauritius. Var. j3, mucronatum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 528.) leaves ovate- mucronate. Ij . S. Native of Java. Elliptic-\eaved Erythrospermum. Shrub. 4 E. amplexicau'le (D. C. prod. 1. p. 852.) leaves scattered, crowded at the top of the branches, oval, cordate at the base; peduncles somewhat umbellate, shorter than the leaves. Ij . S. Native of the Mauritius. Stem-clasping-\ea.\'ed Erythrospermum. .Shrub. 5 E. PYRiFOLiuM (Lam. ill. t. 274. f. 1.) leaves scattered, on very short footstalks, blunt at both ends ; racemes somewhat terminal, shorter than the leaves. ^ . S. Native of the Mau- ritius. Pear-leaved Erythrospermum. Shrub. 6 E. verticilla'tum (Lam. ill. t. 274. f. 2.) leaves 3 in a whorl, almost sessile, roundish ; peduncles corymbosely-umbel- lateat the top, length of the leaves. ^. S. Native of the Mauri- tius and Bourbon. The fruit of this species is referable to the genus Kiggelaria. Ji7iorl-\eaxed Erythrospermum. Shrub. Cult. These shrubs will thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and ripened cuttings will root if planted in a pot of sand, and placed under a hand-glass, in heat, f Order XIX. BIXI'NEtE. Kunth. malv. p. 17. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 331. D. C. prod. 1. p. 259. Calyx of 4-8 sepals, which are imbricate in the bud, these are sometimes truly distinct, and sometimes they are connected at the base. Petals 5, or wanting, but when present they are very like the sepals. Stamens indefinite in number, inserted in the re- ceptacle or at the bottom of the calyx ; filaments free ; anthers 2-celled. Ovary superior, sessile, 1 -celled. Style 1, undivided, or 2-4-cleft at the apex. Fruit capsular or baccate, 1 -2-celled, many- seeded. Seeds fixed to parietal placentas, which are from 1-7 in number, the seeds of all are probably inwrapped in a fleshy membrane. Albumen fleshy or very thin. Embryo inclosed, erectish, or curved with leafy cotyledons, and with the radicle looking towards the hilum (Kunth). Smoothish tropical trees, with alternate, simple, entire, or slightly-lobed leaves, which are generally full of pellucid dots. The stipulas are caducous. The peduncles are axillary or terminal, bracteate, 1 or many- flowered, usually forming terminal panicles. Flowers middle- sized. The genera of this order are very imperfectly known. The habit of the plants come near to Malvacece and Flacourtia- nece, but the character of the fruit comes nearer to Cistinccc and •291 BIXINE^. I. BixA. Flacuurlliincce. This order is composed of tropical trees and shriil)s, not remarkable for either beauty or use. The seeds called .Irnolta in the shops are the produce of Bixa Orcl- latia, these are used for colouring cheese. The seeds retain their power of vegetating a consideralile time, therefore in most in- stances they may be introduced from any part of the world in a living state. Synopsis of the Genera. * Petals present. 1 Bi'xA. Petals and sepals 5. Style long, ligulate at the apex. Capsule 1 -celled, 2-valved, prickly. 2 Eciiinoca'kpus. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4-5, cut. Style awl-shapcd. Capside woody, 1 -celled, 4-valved, prickly. 3 Triciiospe'rmlm. Sepals and petals 5. Style wanting. Stigma tmarginate. Capsule kidney-shaped, 1-celled, 2-valved, luiiry. 4 Ban.Vra. Calyx C-parted, permanent. Petals 6. Stigma capitate. Berry very succulent. 5 L.t'TiA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, or wanting. Stigma capitate. Berry fleshy, 2-5-valvcd. * • Petals absent. 6 Hasse'ltia. Calyx 4-parted. Petals wanting. Stigma simple. Fruit 1-2-eelled ; cells 1-2-sceded. 7 Pro'ckia. Calyx 3-.5-partcd, permanent. Petals wanting. Stigma entire. Berry dry, 4-G-secded. 8 LuDiA. Calyx 5-7-parted, permanent. Petals wanting. Style fdiform. Stigma trifid. Berry C-7-seeded. 9 Aza'ka. Calyx l-o-parted. Petals wanting. Style awl- shaped. Stigma obtuse. Berry many-seeded. 10 Ku'tiLiA. Calyx campanulate, 6-S-cleft, closed, perma- nent, inner segments largest. Corolla none. Fruit 1-celled, many-seeded. I. BI'XA {Bixa is the American name of B.crcllana.) Lin. gen. no. 654. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. am. 5. p. 353. D. C. prod. 1. p. 259. LiN. svsT. PobjAmlria, Monogi'/nia. Calyx of 5 sepals ; sepals orbicular, tuberculated at the base, deciduous, imbricated in aestivation. Petals 5, obovate. Stamens numerous, hypogy- nous, free ; filnmcnts filiform ; anthers ovate. Ovary one. Style one, long, almost ligidate and compressed at the top. Capside 1-celled, i!-valvcd ; valves covered with bristles on the outside, each bearing a linear placenta on the inside in the middle. Seeds 8-10 on each side of the placenta, clothed with a farinaceous red pulp. Albumen fleshy. F.mbryo erect. Cotyledons leafy, flat, |)arallel, transversely plaiti-d in the middle. Gart. fruet. 1. t. (11. Trees with broad cordate leaves, and dichotomous pani- cles of large reddish flowers, and prickly capsules. 1 B. orema'na (Lin. spec. 730.) le.nvcs cordate, ovate, acuminated, entire or angular, smooth on both surfaces. Ij . S. Native of .South America l)y the sides of bogs and foun- tains. Cultivated in the West India islands. Sloane, hist. 2. p. 52. 1. 181. f. 1. Comm. hort. amst. l.t. :iS. B. Americana, Poir. diet. C. p. 229. Corymbs terminal, panicled; peduncles 2-.'i-4- flowered. Flowers ])ale peach-coloined. In Holland the seeds of this tree are called Orlcanc; in (iermany, Orlianshaum, Jii- scliojhiititze, Aiiolla. In England we liave taken the latter of these names, spelling it variously /Irnotto, ytiiotia, Anota, An- nolo. The I'rench have adojjted the Brasilian name UruLii or Urucu, spelling it Roiicotii/ir, /{oiicoii, or Roniricr dcs Indcs. The Portuguese have also the same appellation, Urucu or (Vm- cucira. In Spanish it is Anato or Alollc. In the Mexican language Acliiull. .Scalager calls it Arbor finium rrpuiidorum, because the Mexicans made |>l.ins, and marked the boimdaries of their lands on tablets with the colour prepared from the pulp which surrounds the seeds. Tournefort named it Mitclla froni the resemblance of the capsule, when open, to a mitre. The drug called Arnulta is thus prepared from the red pulp which covers the seeds. The contents of the fruit are taken out and thrown into a wooden vessel, where as much hot water is poured upon them, as is necessary to suspend the red powder or pulp, and by diligent stirring and pounding the pulp is se])arated from the seeds, or gradually washed oft" with the .assistance of a spatula or spoon. When the seeds appear quite naked they are taken out, and the wash is left to settle ; after which the water is genth' jjoured away, and the sediment ]>ut into shal- low vessels, to be dried by degrees in the shade. After acquiring a due consistence it is made into balls or cakes, and set to dry in an airy place until it is perfectly firm. Some persons first pound the contents of the fruit with wooden pestles ; then cover- ing them with water, leave them to steep six days. This liquor being passed through a coarse sieve, and afterwards through three finer ones, is again put into the vat or wooden vessel, and left to ferment a week. It is then boiled luuil it is pretty thick, and when cool is spread out to dry, and then made up into balls, which are usually wrap])cd up in leaves. Arnotta of a good (piality is of the colour of fire, bright within, soft to the touch, and dissolves entirely in water. It is reputed cooling and cordial, and is much used by the .Spaniards in their chocolate and soups, both to heighten the flavour and to give them an agreeable colour. It is esteemed a good antidote to dysentery and disorders of the kidneys, and is recommended as a good stomachic cordial, and a preservative against retention of urine. Mixed with lemon-juice and a gum it makes the crimson paint with which the Indians adorn their persons. It was formerly used by dyers to form the colour called Aurora, but at present it is not held in such high estimation as a dye, though it still main- tains its ground with painters. Arnotla is well known to be the drug which is used for colouring the cheese in Gloucestershire, under the name of cheese-colouring. It is used in Holland for colouring butter. Arnotta gives but a pale brownish yellow colour to water, and is not soluble in that licpiid, nor in spirit of wine ; but in order to be fit for dyeing, it requires an. alkaline men- struinn, to which it gives a bright orange colour, and hence it was formerly used as an ingredient in varnishes and lacquers, and in dyeing wax of a vermilion colour ; but in dyeing cloths it is of little use, as the colour is discharged by exposure to the air and by soap. Tlic bark of the tree makes good ropes for the connnon plantation uses in the West Indies; and pieces of the wood are used by the Indians to procure fire by friction. The specific name OrclUina is given to this tree because it is believed that it grows principally towards the borders of Orellana in South America. .'Irnolta is said to be .an antidote to the poisonous juice of Manihot. The liquid formerly sold under the name of " Scot's nankeen dye," seems to be nothing but Arnotla dissolved in al- kaline ley. Orellana or Common Arnotta or Anotta-Tree. Fl. May, Aug. Tree 30 feet. 2 B. Urucura'na (Willd. entun. p. 505.) leaves with white scales or dots on the under surface, 't . .S. Native of Brasil. Flow- ers like the last. I'riica or I'ruha is the Brasilian n.ameof the tree. tVi/rn Arnotta. Clt. 1S23. Tree? 3 B. n.ATVcA'RrA (Kuiz, et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 459.) cap- sules nearly kidney-shaped, flat, with very few prickles ; pedicels very thick towards the flower ; leaves cordate, entire, strongly BlXINEiE. II. EciiiNocARPus. III. Trichospermum. IV. Banara, V. L.etia. 295 ril)l)C(l. I^ . S. Native of Peru or Chili. Corymbs terminal, panick'd ; peduncles 2-3-flowered. Brvad-iapsuled Arnotta-Tree. Tree 20 feet. 4 B. ODORA TA (Ruiz, ct Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 160.) leaves cor- date, acuminated, with one small lol)e on each side, and therefore the leaves appear as if they were ."-lobed. T^ . S. Native of Peru or Chili. Corymbs terminal, panicled ; peduncles 2- flowered. Stvcct-sccnted Arnotta-Tree. Tree 20 feet. 5 B. rt:RPU REA (Hort.) leaves like those of Bixa Orellana. The flowers and capsules are purple. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies. PM?7j/e Arnotta-Tree. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet. Cult. These trees grow to a large size before they can be got to flower from seed. But if cuttings be taken from a flower- ing plant and struck, they may be brought to flower when small plants. Loam and peat suit them \\c\\, and cuttings root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. II. ECHINOCA'RPUS (from exnoc, echinos, a hedgehog, and KapTToc, kaiyos, a fruit ; in allusion to the prickly capsides). Blum, bijdr. fl. ind. ned. ex Schlecht. Linnasa. 1. p. ()45. Lin. svst. Polyandria, Monogijnia. Calyx 4-parted, deci- duous. Petals 4-5, cut. Stamens numerous, hypogynous ; anthers pointed. Ovary 1. Style awl-shaped. Stigma simple. Capsule woody, 4-valved; valves echinated on the outside, but filled with farinaceous pulp in the inside. Seeds arillate at the base, 1 or 2 adhering to the middle of each valve. A tree with alternate, stalked, oval-acute or acuminated leaves, and 1 -flow- ered lateral peduncles. 1 E. SiGUN (Blum. 1. c.) T^ . S. Native of Java, where the tree is called Sigun. Sigtin. Tree 120 feet. Cult. For the cultivation and propagation of this tree, see Bixa. III. TRICHOSPE'RMUM (from .^pt^ rpixoe, thrix trichos, a hair, and aTzioj-ia, spcrma, a seed ; in allusion to the seeds be- ing ciliated.) Blum, bidjr. fl. ind. ned. ex Schlecht. Linnoea 1. p. 6i5. Lin. syst. Polyandr'ta, Mouogijn'ia. Calyx of 5 oval decidu- ous sepals, which are imbricate in the bud. Petals 5, oval, rather smaller than the calyx. Stamens indefinite, free, hypogynous ; anthers twin. Ovary somewhat bilocular, crowned by 2? emarginate stigmas. Capsules kidney-shaped, 2-valved, hairy on the outside, bearing the seeds on linear intervalvular pla- centas ? Seeds numerous, lenticular, arillate, ciliated. Albu- men fleshy. A tree with alternate ovate-oblong serrulated leaves, which are cordate at the base, and furnished with 2 glands be- neath. Stipulas ovate. Flowers disposed in cymes, which are axillary and solitary. 1 T. Java'nicum (Blum. 1. c.) T; . S. Native of Java. Flow- ers reddish ? Java Trichospermum. Tree 50 feet. Cult. This tree will grow well in a mixture of loam and sand ; and ripened cuttings will strike freely, if planted in a pot of sand, and placed under a hand-glass, in heat. IV. BANA'RA (the name of a shrub in Guiana.) Aubl. guian. 1. p. 547. D. C. prod. 1. p. 259. Lin. syst. Pihjundna, Monogijn'm. Calyx permanent, G- parted ; lobes rounded. Petals (i, roundish, inserted beneath tlie disk. Stamens 15 and more, inserted at the edge of the tlie disk. Ovary orbicular, seated on the disk. Style one. Stigma capitate. Berry scarcely succulent, terminated by the 1 FIG. 58. style. Seeds indefinite, striated. A shrub with simple leaves, and panicles of small yellow flowers. 1 B. Guiane'nsis (Aubl. 1. c. 217.) Jj . S. Native of Cayenne, in woods. Leaves ovate-oblong, acute, denticulated, somewhat to- mentose on the under surface. Flowers yellow. Berry black. Guiana Banara. Fl. May. Sh. 10 feet. 2 B. Roxbu'rgiiii (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 472.) leaves lanceolate, re- motely-toothed, tapering to the base, and quite entire, woolly be- neath ; panicle axillary, very vil- lous. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies. Roxburgh'i Banara. Sh. 8 feet. Cult. These shrubs will thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and ripened cuttings will root freely if planted in a pot of sand, and placed under a hand-glass, in heat. V. LjE'TIA (in honour of Jean de Laet of Antwerp, a di- rector of the French East-India Company, who published a Latin history of America in folio, dedicated to King Charles I. of Eng- land. Haller speaks with respect of his botanical remarks as throwing light upon the plants of Marcgrave, and tending to re- concile his descriptions w-ith those of Clusius and the Spanish botanists.) Lin. gen. no. C51. D. C. prod. 1. p. 2G0. Lin. syst. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, mar- cescent, coloured. Petals 5, or wanting. Stamens indefinite, hypogynous ; anthers roundish. Style one ; stigma capitate. Capsule fleshy, 3-5-valved, small, globose, acuminated with the style. Seeds many, clothed with a pidpy pellicle. Trees with simple leaves, and axillary peduncles of small whitish flowers with yellow anthers. * Flowers apetalous. 1 L. ape'tala (Jacq. amer. 167. t. 108.) flowers apetalous ; peduncles terminal and axillar}', usually 3-flowered ; leaves ob- long, blunt, serrulated, shining above. Tj . S. Native of Car- thagena, in woods, and at the river Magdalena, as well as in Brazil and Peru. H. B. and Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 354. Flowers white, \\]ic those oi Hawthorn. Fruit ovate, 4-angled. Mart. fl. bras. 2. p. 78. t. 165. Ruiz, et. Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 467. b. Petalless Lsetia. Fl. Apr. May. Tree 20 feet. 2 L. sca'bra (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 609.) leaves oval, some- what denticulated, opaque, scabrous on the under surface, triple- nerved ; peduncles axillary, tern ; calyx silky. ^ . S. Native of Hispaniola. Scabrous Laetia. Shrub. 3 L ? GuiDONiA (Swz. prod. 83.) flowers petalless ; pedun- cles 1 -flowered, terminal ; leaves oblong, acuminate, pubescent. Ij . S. Native of Jamaica. Guidonia, Browne, jam. 249. t. 29. f. 4. ? Samyda icosandra, Swz. fl. ind. occ. 3. p. 1962. Style very short. Capsule fleshy, 3-valved. Perhaps a species of Samyda ? The tree is called Rod-ivood in Jamaica. The wood is used in all sorts of buildings. Flowers white ? Fruit beau- tiful red. Guidonia is probably the name of the tree in Jamaica. Guidonia Lcetia. Tree 30 feet. 4 L. tiia'mnia (Swz. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 950.) flowers petal- less ; peduncles axill.iry, many-flowered, sub-divided ; leaves oblong, acute, somewhat crenated, shining. f^ . S. Native in the south of Jamaica, in bushy places by the sea side. Tham- 296 BIXINE.E. V. L«TiA. VI. IIasseltia. VII. Trockia. Ilia, Drowne, jam. 2i5. t. 2.5. f. 2. IIcl«in<;ia, Adans. Flow- ers al)out the .size of a myrtle, with the calyx ])uri)le outsitle, and white within, with yellow anthers. The specific name is derived from Otifiyor, a shrub. Slirubbij Laetia. Clt. ? Shrub 8 feet. 5 L. i-AKViFLORA (Spreni^, syst. 2. p. 609.) leaves obovate- oblong, rather villous on both surfaces ; panicles axillary, to- mentose ; flowers glomerate. 1^ . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers small, white. Small-Jlunercd Laetia. Shrub 8 feet. • • Flowers comiilclc, that is to saij, nilli both petals and sepals. 6 L. comple"ta (Jacq. amer. 167. t. 183. f. 60.) flowers 5- petallcd ; leaves ovate, obtuse, serrated, wrinkled, glabrous. T; . .S. Native of Carthagena, in woods. I'lowers white? Berry yellowish-red, slightly triangular. C'o»i^)/t'/c-flowered Lajtia. V\. Ju. July. Shrub 10 feet. ■f Species, thcjloivers of ivhich are not stijpcienlly known. 7 L. iiirte'lla (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 355.) branchlets hairy, as well as the leaves on the under surface, on the nerves, and veins, oblong, sharply denticulated ; peduncles 1 - fruited. tj . S. Native near Cumana. Flowers not seen. Hairy Laetia. Shrub 8 feet. 8 L. GUAZLM.EFOLiA (H. B. et Kuntli, 1. c.) branchlets clothed with rusty tomentum ; leaves oblong, bluntish, obsoletely-denti- culated, hairy on the under surface, particularly on the nerves and veins; peduncles dichotomous, many-flowered? Ij . S. Na- tive of New Andalusia, near Bordones. Flowers white, with yellow anthers. Guazmna-leaved Laetia. Tree 30 feet. Cidl. These shrubs will thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and cuttings planted in sand, under a hand-glass, and placed in a moderate heat, will root readily. VI. HASSE'LTIA (Van Hasselt, a naturalist, sent by the Dutch government to Java.) H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. amer. 7. p. 230. t. 651. Lin. syst. Polijandria, Afonogynia. Cilyx i-parted. Petals -l-. Anthers 2-cclled. Glands 8, pcrigynous. Style 1 . I'ruit almost glo- bose, 1-2-celled; cells 1-2-seeded. A tree with oljlong, toothed, 5-nervcd leaves, with two glands at the base, without stipulas, and umbellate terminal cymes of flowers. Flowers small, with a white c.ilyx. 1 H. floribu'nda (M. B. 1. c.) h . S. Native of South America, at the river Slagdalena. Bundle-flowered IIasseltia. Tree 40 feet. Cult. I'or the cidtivation and propagation of this tree, see Bixa. VII. PRO'CKIA (a name of unknown meaning.) Browne in Lin. gen. no. 674. Lam. diet. p. 025. ill. t. 405. D. C. prod. 1. p. 200. Lin. syst. Polyandria, Monofrynia. Calyx permanent, 3-5- partcd ; lobes roundish, un< f|nal. Petals none. Stamens nu- merous, inserted in the disk ; anthers roiuidish. Ovary one, roundish. .Stigma entire. Berry rather drv, 'l-O-seeded, roiuid- ish, sinootli. Shrubs with the habit of (Irenia, from America or the Mauritius, w ith alternate, entire, or toothed leaves. Flow- ers yellow, sometimes unisexual from abortion. Sect. I. Prockia'ria (see genus.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 260. Style liliform. Stigma blimt.or acutisli. 1 P. CRu'cis (Lin. spec. 7 15.) leaves ovate, acuminated, ser- rated ; sti))ulas somewhat falcate ; racemes few-flowered, termi- nal. ^ . S. Native of the islands of .Santa Cruz and Cuba. Calyx 3-1-sepalled. Valil. synib. 3. p. 09. U 04. Lindl. hot. reg. t. 972. P. acuta, Moc. et .Sessc, fl. niex. icon. ined. ? but the leaves are narrower. I'lowers yellow. I'ar. ft, cordata (D. C. prod. 1. p. 260.) leaves cordate; calyx 4-5-sepalled ; stijiulas linear. Vj . S. Native of the island of Santa-Cruz. Lam. ill. 465. f. 1. — P. subcordata, Moc. et .Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers yellow. Santa-Cruz Prockia. Fl. July. Clt. 1823. Shrub 5 feet. 2 P. septenne'rvia (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 009.) leaves cordate- oblong, acuminated, serrated, pubescent beneath, 7-nerved ; sti- pulas semi -cordate ; Mcemes lateral, usually 8-flowered, pilose. y^ . .S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow. /t-flowered Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. ? 8h. 2 feet. 2 C. heteroi'iiy'li.vs (Desf fl. atl. 1. j). 411. t. U)f.)leaves ovate-lanceolate, on short footstalks which are sheathing at the base; margins revolute ; peduncles hairy, leafy, 1-Howered, 1-3 together. 1; . F. Sweet, cist. t. 6. Native of /Mgiers, on dry hills. Corolla large, red, yellow at the base. Petals imbricate. rariaLle-leared Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. >Iul. Clt.? .Shrub 2 feet. 3 C. PARViFLo'Rus (Lam. diet. 2. p. 14.) leaves ovate, acute, somewhat tomentose, drawn out into the footstalks at the base, and somewhat connate ; peduncles 1 or 3 together, almost ter- minal, fj . F. Native of Crete. Sweet, cist. t. 14. Smith, fl. graec. t. 495. Corolla small, purplish. Petals distinct. Small-Jlonered Hock-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. ? Shrub 3 feet. 4 C. complica'tus (Lam. diet. 2. p. 14 ) leaves roundish- ovate, bhmtish, approximate, clothed with white tomentum, under surface reticulated ; footstalks dilated at the base, with pilose margins, channelled above and sheathing at the base ; peduncles short, 1 -flowered, 3 or 4 together, somewhat terminal. h . F. Native of the Levant ; also of the mountains of Valentia, in Spain. Flowers small, rose-coloured, or purplish. Complicated Rock-RosQ. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt, 1S18. Sh. 3 feet. .5 C. viLLOSis (Lam. diet. 2. p. 12.) leaves roimdish-ovate, wrinkled, tomentose and hairy, stalked ; footstalks furrowed, connate at the base; peduncles 1-flowered, 1 or 3 together; se- pals villous. fj . F. Native of Italy, Spain, and Barbary. Cistus pilosus, Lin. spec. 737. Duh. arb. 1. p. 67. t. 61. Petals large, reddish-purple, spreading, imbricate at the base. Villous Rock-Roic. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1640. Sh. 3 feet. 6 C. uoTUNDiFo'tius (Swect, cist. t. 75.) leaves roimdish- ovate, obtuse, flat, wrinkled, reticulatcly veined, clothed on both surfaces with fascicled hairs ; petioles furrowed, somewhat sheathing at the base ; peduncles very hairy, rather cymose ; sepals cordate, acute, pilose ; petals imbricate. h . F. Native of the south of Europe. Cistus villosus, /3, virescens, D. C. prod. 1. p. 264.? — Barrel, icon. 1315. Petals purple, with a yellow mark at the base of each. />oH«(/-/cai'cricatc. Se|)als acuminate. Flonnline Rock-Rose. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1825. Shrub a ft. 21 C Monspelie'nsis (Lin. spec. 7d7.) leaves linear-lanceo- late, sessile, 3-nerved, clammy, villous on both surfaces ; pedun- cles pilose cymose, somewhat secund. I; . H. Native of the south of France, Spain, and Portugal. Lam. ill. t. 477. f. 1. Cav. icon. 2. t. 137. Jac// Rock-Rose. Fl. Jiuie, July. Clt. 1656. Shrub 2 feet. 2H C. sideri'tis (Presl. ex .Spreng. syst. append, p. 204.) decumbent ; leaves stalked, obovate, a little wrinkled, covered with hoary tomentum on the under surface ; peduncles elongated, 1-2-flowered, articulated above, and are as well as the calvx tomentose ; flowers nodding before expansion. I; . H. Native of Sicily. Flowers white. Si; . II. Native of Spain. ? Petals white, with a yellow spot at the base of each. Oblimg-leaved Rock-Uose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt.? Sh. 4 feet. 32 C. asi'Erifo'lius (.Sweet, cist. t. S7.) leaves almost sessile, ovate-lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, wrinkled, smoothish, with wavy margins, somewhat denticidated, ciliated, netted with veins beneath, with the nerves and veins rough ; flowers cymose ; pe- duncles and calyxes hairy ; petals imbricate, tj . H. Native of? Petals white, yellow at the base, and tinged with red at the lop. Roiigh-lcav\d Rock-Rose. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. ? Sh. 2 feet. S'd C. I'siLOSEi'ALf s (Sweet, cist. t. 33.) leaves on short foot- stalks, oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved, acute, with undulated mar- gins, which are somewhat denticulated and ciliated, rather hairy ; flowers somewhat cymose ; ))eduncles hairy-tomentose ; sepals with long ])oints, glabrous, shining, with ciliated edges ; petals broad-cimeated, imbricated. V^ . H. Native ? Petals white, with a yellow mark at the base of each. <■«/« H/«/((/-leaved Siui-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jid. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 ft. 41- II. sALiciroLiuM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) branched ; branches erect or ascendant, rather hairy ; leaves on short footstalks, obovate-oblong, acutish, denticulated, rather tonientosc, greenish on the upper surface ; stipulas linear-oblong, upper ones one- half shorter than the leaves ; jieduneles and calyxes hairy, gene- rally opposite the bracteas ; bracteas ovate, acuminated, sessile, entire. ©.11. Native of .Spain and Italy. Sweet, cist. t. 71. Cistus salicifolius, Lin. spec. 7-t~. Cav. icon. 2. p. 35. t. 144. Smith, fl. graDC. t. 499. H. annuum, etc. Seg. ver. 3. p. 297. t. (3. f. 3 ? Branches, peduncles, and calyxes beset with slender white hairs. Petals iml)ricatc at tlie base. Far. /}, latifblium (D. C. prod. 1. p. 273.) the whole plant is larger, leaves anil bracteas tonicntose, greenish. ©.H. Native of the Levant. /r/7/o;r-/c«icrf Sun-Rose. Fl.Ju.July. Clt. 1759. PI. | ft. * * • Peduncles drooping before the expansion of the Jloncrs, tint erect n'hcn in Jlon-er, and retroflcxcd after Jlowcring. Inner sepals i-iwrved. 45 H. sangui'neum (Lag. in litt. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 273.) stem red, dwarf, clothed with clammy pubescence; leaves stalked, opposite, ovate, blunt, roughisli, lower ones without stipulas, blood-coloured on the under surface, upper ones stipulate ; stipulas oblong-linear, blunt, stalked, scarcely shorter than the leaves ; peduncles beset with clammy hairs, axillary, and opjro- site the leaves ; fructiferous peduncles bent backwards. ©. II. Native of Spain near Chamartin. Cistus sanguineus, Lag. gen. et spec. nov. p. 17. varied, ann. 2. no. 19. p. 40. H. retrofrac- timi, Pers. ench. 2. p. 78. Cistus pusillus, herb. Lamb. Leaves all opposite. Peduncles always axillary or opposite the leaves. Iimer sepals striated. B/fWy-stemmed Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 182G. PI. i to ' foot. 46 II. jEoypti^acum (Mill. diet. no. 23.) stem pubescent, erect, or ascendant ; leaves on short footstalks, linear-oblong, opi)osite, narrow, with revolute margins, bluntish, cinereous beneath, opposite, upper ones alternate ; stipulas linear, awl- shaped ; peduncles filiform, pubescent; calyxes ovate-oblong, inflated, inclosing the petals. ©. 11. Native of Egypt, Bar- bnry, and Spain. Cistus ..'Egyptlacus, Lin. spec. 7 12. Jacq. obs. !}. ]). 1 7. t. 68. Peduncles thickened, sometimes opposite to the short linear bracteas. Outer sepals narrow, short, inner ones with 4 ciliated nerves. Petals lanceolate, very short. Egyptian Sun-Uosc. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1764. PI. | foot. Sect. VI. Erioca'rpum (from tptny, crion, wool, icopn-oc, Icarpos, a fruit; because the capsules are pilose). D. C. prod. 1. p. 273. Calyx of 5 sepals; sepals beset with silky liairs on the outside, or rather tomentose, shining on the in- side, the two outer ones minute, linear, the three inner ones ovate, furnished with 4-5-stripes. Petals a little longer than the calyx. Style erectish, bent at the base. Ovary pilose or villous. Capsule pilose. Seeds numerous, rufes- cent, small. Subshrubs with round branches, younger ones 1 clothed with cinereous pubescence. Leaves opposite and alter- nate, bluntish, under surface cano-cinereous. .Stipulas linear, shorter than the footstalks. Racemes secund, small, opposite the leaves ; flowers crowded, small, sessile, or larger on short pedicels. 47 H. Lii'i'ii (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) stem erect, pubescent, whitish, somewhat bifid or rather dicholomous ; leaves opposite and alternate, on short footstalks, elliptic-lanceolate or linear- oblong, obtuse, rather scabrous, glaucescent, under surface ca- nescent ; stipulas narrow, erect, length of the footstalks ; racemes short ; flowers sessile, crowded, bracteate at the base ; bracteas very minute. Ij . F. Native of Egy])t. Cistus Lippii, Lin. maut. 245. Valil. symb. 1. p. 39. .Se])als pubescent, inner ones obtuse, furnished with 4-5 ribs. Petals ovate, yellow, scarcely longer than the calyx. Stamens usuallv 10, shorter than the petals. /-/■/V/.v Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 foot. 48 II. sessiliflo'ri:m (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) erect, much branched ; branches pubescent ; leaves opposite and alternate, linear, clothed with very short cinereous tomentum, with revolute margins ; stipulas linear, small ; racemes short ; flowers sessile, furnished with minute bracteas. 1; . F. Native of the North of Africa, on arid hills. Cistus sessiliflorus, Dcsf. fl. atl. l.p. 427. t. 106. Sepals pubescent, inner ones blunt. Petals yel- low, a little longer than the calyx. Sessile-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Sh. 1 to 2 feet. 49 H. uufico'mim (.Spreng. syst. 2. p. 589.) stem densely clothed with canescent starry fascicles of hairs ; leaves on short footstalks, lower ones elliptical, obtuse, flat, upper ones narrow, linear, stipulate, and all clothed with starry hairs beneath ; with the margins somewhat revolute ; flowers approximate, racemose ; calyx beset with brownish bristles. Ij . F. Native of the North of AtVica, in Libya. Flowers yellow. Cistus ruficomus, Viv. fl. lib. spec. p. 27. t. 14. f. 5. Brown-haired Sun-Rose. Shrub 1 foot. 50 H. LANUCiNO SUM (Sprcng. syst. 2. p. 589-) branched ; clothed all over with .soft canescent hairs ; leaves opposite, on short footstalks, elliptical, densely clothed with wool ; floral leaves sessile, lanceolate, alternate, stipulate ; flowers distant in a secund raceme, rcflexed before expansion ; inner sepals ovate- lanceolate, 3-ncrved, outer sepals linear-lanceolate, about equal in length to the inner ones ; petals about the length of the calyx. 1; . F. Native of the North of Africa, in Libya. Cistus lanu- ginosus, Viv. fl. lib. spec. p. 28. t. 14. f. 1. Flowers yellow. Woollij Sun-Rose. .Shrub 1 foot. 51 H. ELLinicuM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) stem branched, erect, cinereous ; leaves opposite, elliptical, clothed with whitish leprous-tomentum, obtuse, with revolute margins ; stipulas li- near, small ; racemes few-flowered ; flowers sessile, somewhat alternating with the bracteas. Ij . F. Native of Barbary and Egypt. Sweet, cist. t. 108. Cistus ellipticus, Desf. fl. atl. I. p. 418. t. 107. H. liijiijii, Delile, aegyp. 93. Cistus stipuh'iris a, For.sk. a;gyp. p. 101. Sepals villously-tomentose, inner ones ovate, bluntish. Petals pale yellow, a little longer than the ca- lyx, imbricate. Upper leaves alternate. Ellipliral-knvcii Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Shrub ^ foot. 52 H. micra'ntiium (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 588.) plant clothed with starry hairs ; leaves linear, olituse, lower ones on short stalks, op])osite, nearly all flat, upper ones alternate, with revo- lute margins, floral ones sessile, linear, acute ; stipulas linear- lanceolate, a little longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; flowers racemose, distant ; sepals large, 3-5-ncrved, ovate, acute, longer than the petals ; petals elliptical, length of the stamens. H . F. Native of the North ol" Africa, in Lihva. Cistus mi- crauthus, Viv. fl. lib. p. 28. t. 14. f. 1. Petals 'like those of//. Surrijaniini, yellow. Small-Jluwcred .Sun-Rose. Shrub I foot. CISTINEiE. II. HELIANTirCMUM. 307 53 H. Kaiuuicum (Del. fl. a^ffyp. S'.'j. t. 31. f. 2.) stem imicli branclied, twisted at tlie base ; branches ascendant ; lower leaves opposite, the rest alternate, obovate, with revolutc margins, hoary, stipulate, under surface nerved ; racemes seeund ; flowers on short pedicels ; pedicels and calyxes villous ; sepals acute ; capsule oblong, villous. f; . F. Native of Egypt. Cistus sti- puliitus p, Forsk, £egyp. 101. Petals approximate at the top. Cairo Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 foot. 51- H. conik'rtum (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 274.) stem naked at the base, branched ; branches clothed with very short cinereous tomcntum ; leaves lanceolate elliptical, bluntish, minutely tomentose on both surfaces, uj)per surface green, under surface canescent ; stipulas linear, small ; racemes small, seeund, opposite the leaves and terminal ; flowers crowded, almost ses- sile ; calyxes pilose ; inner sepals acute. Tj . F. Native of Tenerifte. Petals yellow. CcoM'rffrf-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. ? Sh. 1 foot. 5j H. Canarie'nse (Willd. enum. 571.) stem procumbent ; branches rather tomentose, hoary ; leaves stalked, opposite and alternate, somewhat ovate-elliptic, obtuse, covered with very short glaucous tomentum on both surfaces, under surface hoary- cinereous ; stipulas awl-shaped, shorter than the footstalks ; ra- cemes terminal erect, furnished with minute bracteas ; flowers on short pedicels ; pedicels hoary-tomentose. 1^ . F. Native of Grand Canary and Lancerotta Island, in arid places. Cistus Canariensis, Jacq. icon. 1. p. 97. misc. 2. p. 339. H. canes- cens, Moench. Calyx glaucous ; inner sepals ovate, bluntish. Petals yellow. Canary-Island Sm\-Ko%e. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1790. Shrub trailing. 56 H. MUCRONA^TUM (Dunal. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 271.) stem erectish, spreading; branches tomentosely-hairy, hoary ; leaves stalked ; ovate-elliptical, ventricose, mucronate, upper surface green and rougliish from stellate hairs, under surface tomentose, hoary ; stipulas awl-shaped, pilose, shorter than the footstalks ; racemes generally terminal ; flowers on short pedi- cels ; pedicels tomentosely-hairy. Pj . F. Native of TeneriflTe. Calyx clothed with sUky hairs ; sepals broad-ovate, bluntish. Petals yellow. 7l/Hcron«/e-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Sh. 1 to 1 j foot. 57 H. dista'chium (Roth, in ami. bot. 2. p. 34. under Cistus.) stem sufiruticose, stipulate, erect ; leaves opposite, oval-oblong, hoary ; racemes terminal, leafy, 2-parted ; flowers opposite the ]eaves. t^ . F. Native of Portugal. Two-spiked Sun-Rose, Shrub 1 foot. Sect. VII. Fuma'na (meaning imknown.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 274. Calyx twisted at the apex before expansion, 5-sepalled ; 2 outer sepals narrow, small, 3 inner ones ovate, acuminated, 4-5-veined, with scarious margins. Petals yellow, small, almost twice the length of the sepals. Stamens few. Style straight, rather longer than the stamens, when in flower oblique, after flowering erectish. Stigma capitate, fringed, somewhat 3-lobed. Capsule 3-valved, open, spreading; seeds few, blackish or ru- fescent, angular. Stems sufiruticose. Leaves linear, sessile or sub-sessile, narrow. Pedicels 1 -flowered, drooping before the expansion of the flower ; when in flower erect, but afterwards reflesed. • Leaves alternate, without stipulas. 58 H. ERicoiDEs (Dunal, ined. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 274.) stem erect ; leaves alternate, umbricate, semi-cylindrical, short, smoothish ; peduncles solitary, 1 -flowered, opposite the leaves or terminal, longer than the leaves ; capsules open, naked ? ^ . F. Cistus ericoides, Cav. icon. 2. p. 56. t. 172. Cistus caly- cinus, of many authors, not as is seen in Lin. mant. 565. Leaves with rather rcvolute margins. J'ar. a, glabrum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 174.) branches and pe- duncles glabrous. 5j . F. Native of Spain. Far. (i, pubi'seens (D. C. 1. c.) summits of the branches pubescent as wcU as peduncles. ^ . F. Native of the King- dom of Naples. i/f«//(-//A:e Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt.? Sh. 1 to 1 i foot. 59 H. Fuma'na (Mill. diet. no. 6.) stem branched, twisted, rather diffuse, erectish ; lower branches procumbent ; leaves al- ternate, linear, with pilose, roughish, rather involute margins ; lower leaves short, crowded, upper ones scattered and longer ; peduncles solitary, 1 -flowered, rarely rameal, usually almost op- posite the leaves or terminal, longer than the leaves ; capsules open, naked. 1? . F. Native of the south of France, Spain, Portugal, Switzerland, Gothland and Italy. Sweet, cist. t. 16. Cistus Fumana, Lin. spec. 740. Jacq. aust. t. 252. Cistus hii- milis, sen chamaecistus ericse folio, hiteus erectior, Baidi. pin. 466. Magn. bot. 69. Pedicels and calyxes sparingly pilose. Far. a, majus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 2r5.) leaves larger. Cistus Fumana A. Desf. atl. 1. p. 414. t. 105, exclusive of the synonym of Lin. and Barrel. Petals of all the varieties imbricate. Far. /3, minus (D. C. 1. c.) leaves somewhat filiform. Bar- rel, icon. 286. and 446. Var. y, virgatum (D. C. 1. c.) branches twiggy. H. fuma- noides, formerly in the Paris garden. Fuma7ia Sun-Kose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1752. Shrub 1 foot. 60 H. PROCu'wEENs (Dun. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 275.) stem procmnbent, branched ; branches elongated, younger ones hoary ; leaves alternate, linear, rather lax, with the margins pilose, as well as under surface ; pili strigose ; peduncles almost axillary, shorter than the leaves ; capsules open, bearing the seeds. Tj . F. Native of the south of France, Italy, and Tauria. Sweet, Cist. t. 68. Barrel, icon. t. 445. Cistus himii- lis sive chamEecistus ericffi folio humilior, Magn. bot. p. 69. Capsules larger. Nerves of calyx strigose. Petals imbricate. Procumbent heath-like Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. ? Shrub procumbent. * * Leaves alternate, stipulate. 61 H. Ara'bicum (Pers. ench. 2. p. 80.) stem hairy, ascen- dant ; branches twiggy ; leaves alternate, linear-oblong, hairy, almost sessile ; peduncles solitary, 1 -flowered, almost opposite the leaves, rameal or terminal ; calyxes hairy. ^2 • F- Native of Arabia, Italy, and Spain. Sweet, cist. t. 97. Cistus Arabi- cus, Lin. spec. 745. Smith, fl. graec. t. 503. Cistus ferrugineus. Lam. diet. 2. p. 25. Cistus Savi, Bertol. H. viscidulum, Stev. Upper leaves largest. Stipulas ovate acuminated. Petals distinct. ^(•fl6/a« Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1826. Shrub |^ foot. 62 H. l.eVipes (Willd. enum. 570.) stem ascendant ; leaves stipulate, setaceous, glaucous, smoothish ; buds leafy, axillary ; stipulas long, filiform ; peduncles long, disposed in seeund ra- cemes ; pedicels glabrous, and bracteate at the base ; calyxes hairy. ^ . F. Native of the south of Provence, Spain, and Dalmatia, on rocks exposed to the sun. Sweet, cist. t. 24. Cistus Wvipes, Lin. spec. 739. Jacq. hort. Schoenb. t. 158. Cav. icon. 2. p. 56. t. 173. — Ger. gallo-prov. p. 394. no. 6. t. 14. Far. a, peduncles pubescent. Far. fl, peduncles almost glabrous. ASmoo^/i-peduncled Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1690. Shrub H foot. * * * Leaves 02Jposite and alternate, furnished ?vith stipulas. G3 H. l.^Ve (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) stem erectish, glabrous, branched ; branches erect ; leaves linear, sessile, glabrous, with R r 2 .'}08 CTSTINE/E. II. IlLLIANTirEMlM. rcvoliitc margins, keeled, opposite, upper ones alternate, stipu- late ; stipulas long, awl-siiaped ; peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, sub-terminal ; calyxes smooth. 1^ . F. Native of Spain, on liills. Cistus lae'vis, Cav. icon. 2. p. 3o. t. 1 1j. f. 1. exclusive of the synonym of Barrel. Ahioo//( .Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 182C. Shrub 1 foot. Gl- H. vi'ride (Tenor, prod. fl. neap. p. 31.) stem ascendant, glabrous ; leaves o])po.sitc, linear, with revolute margins, gla- brous, green, somewiiat mucronate, stipidate ; stipulas awl- shaped, mucli smaller than the leaves ; peduncles racemose, beset with clanuuy villi, as well as the caly.x. I; . F. Native of Sicily. Leaves pale-green. CiTCM-leaved Sun-Ilose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 18~-j. Shrub 1 foot. (15 H. joniperi'kum (Lag. in litt. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 275.) stem ascendant, branched ; leaves linear-awl-shaped, ciliated, mucronate, flat, with rather revolute margins, opposite ; upper leaves alternate ; stipulas awl-shaped, upper ones longest ; pe- duncles racemose, and are, as well as the calyxes, clotiied with clammy hairs. Vj . F. Native of the south of France, Italy, and the kingdom of Tunis. Cistus lae vipes, Durand ! Gouan. fl. monsp. 203 ? Cistus Mauritanicus, Thib. ! ined. — Barrel, icon. t. 143. Bracteas solitary, linear. JHH/j)cr-//A-c Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1 foot. 06 II. Barrelik'ri (Tenor, prod. fl. neap. p. SI.) stem erect ; branches villously pubescent ; leaves linear-oblong, narrowed at the base, pubescent, with revolute and ciliated margins, oppo- site ; upper leaves alternate ; stipulas linear-awl-sliaped, mu- cronate, erect ; peduncles racemose, few-flowered, and are, as well as the calyxes, beset with clammy villi, h . F. Native of Italy and Spain. — Barrel, rar. icon. 416. — .Sims, hot. mag. 2371. /i«r)f/ifr"4- Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 foot. 07 H. Sy'rticim (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 593.) hairy ; branches sjjreading, clothed with appresscd white hairs ; leaves almost sessile, opposite, flattish, linear-elliptical, beset with scattered hairs, hoary underneath, with revolute margins ; upper leaves linear, and more acute ; stipulas leaf-like, but not above half the size of the leaves, but the upper ones are about equal in size to the leaves ; flowers disposed in a short secund raceme. Sepals 5, densely beset with bristles, inner ones roundish-ovate, 5- nerved, outer ones round and very short. I; . F. Native of tlio North of Africa, in the Great Syrtis. Cistus Syrticus, Viv. fl. lib. p. 27. t. 14. f. 2. Flowers violet ? Si/) lie Sun-Rose. Shrub I foot. 68 n. THYMuoi.iUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) stems procnm- l)cnt ; branches pubescent ; leaves almost linear, very short, Ijubescent, ojjposite, upper ones alternate ; stipulas mucronate, erect ; peduncles few-flnwered, clothed with clammy villi. Ij . F. Native of S])ain. Sweet, cist. t. 102. Cistus thymifolius, Lin. spec. 743. Smith, fl. grwc. t. 500 — Barrel, icon. rar. t. 414. H. glutinosum, /J. fl. fr. 4. p. 821. Young leafy shoots in the axils of the leaves. Petals imbricate. 77(//wc'-/c«rcrf Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1058. Slirul) procumbent. 09 H. GLUTINOSUM (Pcrs. ench. 2. p. 79.) stem ascendant; branches clothed with clanuny hairs, somewhat cinereous ; leaves almost linear, with revolute margins, villous, clanuny, somewhat cinereous, opposite, upper ones alternate ; lower stipulas minute, the rest long, loose ; peduncles and calyxes villous, clanuny ; jHtals distinct. Ij . F. Native of the south of France, aiul Spain. Sweet, cist. t. 83. Cistus glutinosus, Lin. niant. 210. — Barrel, icon. rar. 512. t. 415 ? Civ. icon. 2. t. 145. f. 2. Pe- tals pale yellow, crenulated at the top. Clammy Sun-Rose. l"l. May, Sept. Clt. 1790. Shrub 1 ft. Sect. VIII. Pseudoci'stus (from \!/ev^nc, psetifles, false, and KiiTToi:, cislos ; False Cistus.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 27 6. Calyx of 5 sepals, outer se])als narrow, minute, inner ones 4-veiued. Petals yellow, small, scarcely twice the length of the sepals. Style twisted at the base, and bent inwards at the apex, usuallv shorter than the stamens, rarely longer. .Stigma capitate, 3-lobed. Cap- sule small. Seeds few, rather rufescent. Perennial herbs, or subslirubs. Leaves stalked, feather-nerved, opposite, usually w itliout stipidas, rarely with stipulas at the sunmiits of branches. Flowers secund, racemose, or panicled. Pedicels bracteate at the base, recurved before flowering, when in flower erect, but afterwards reflexed. Bracteas sessile, linear-lanceolate. 70 H. .MOLLE (Pers. ench. 2. p. 76.) sufl'rnticose ; branches almost simple, pilose ; leaves roundish-ovale, obtuse, stalked, hairy-tomentose on both surfaces, soft ; racemes simple, and are, as well as calyxes, hairy-tomentose, cinereous. Tj . F. Native of .Spain. Cistus mollis, Cav. icon. 3. p. 31. t. 262. f. 2. Brac- teas awl-shaped, minute, pilosely-tomentose, cinereous. A'«)/(!-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1817. Shrub 1 foot. 71 H. ORiGANiFoLiUM (Pcrs. ench. 2. p. 76.) stem suflViui- cose, di-trichotomous ; leaves stalked, ovate, pilose on both sur- faces ; racemes short, terminal ; petals scarcely longer than the calyx. Ij . F. Native of Spain. Cistus origanifolius. Lam. diet. 2. p. 20. Cav. icon. 3. p. 31. t. 262. f. 1. Calyx oblong. Petals one-half smaller than those of 77. mulle. Marjoram-leaccd Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1795. Shrub -i foot. 72 H. DiciioTOMUM (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 276.) suffruticose ; branches dichotomous, smoothish ; leaves minute, ovate, acute, glabrous, with revolute margins, on short foot-stalks ; racemes slender, few-flowered. t^ . F. Native of Spain. Cis- tus dichotomus, Cav. icon. 3. p. HZ. t. 203. f. 1. Flowers small, dee]) yellow, hardly the size of those of Sptrgida nodosa. Leaves small, having the appearance of those of 'J'/ii/miis pipcrel/a. Dicholonioiis-hranclwd Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1826. Shrub 1 foot, jjrostrate, 73 II. (Ela'nuicum (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 817.) stem suftVuticose, procumbent, branched ; leaves lanceolate-elliptical, bluntish, green on both surfaces, usually glabrous, sometimes ciliated, stalked, up])er leaves sessile; racemes simple, few-flowered; calyx somewhat globose-ovate. I; . H. Native of the Alps of Europe, especially the north of France, CEland, .Switzerland, and Austria. Sweet, cist. t. 85. Cistus Qilandicus, Lin. spec. 741. Ch.imajcistus, 2. Clus. hist. p. 73. icon. Bracteas minute, sessile, linear-oblong. Flowers few, approximate. Petals dis- tinct. CEland Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1816. Shrub trailing. 71 H. pulciie'llum (Sweet, cist. t. 74.) stem suflTruticose, procinnbent, branched ; branches clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves roundish or ovate, obtuse, upper surface green, beset with hispid hairs, under surface clothed with hoary tomentmn, with the margins a little revolute ; racemes simple ; calyxes pilose, hoary ; petals imbricate. \i . H. Native of Germany ? H. al- pestre, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 590. but r.ot of others. Flowers yellow. Ncal Sun-Rose. Fl. Jime, August. Clt. 1820. Shrub pro- cumbent. 75 H. alpe'stre (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 276.) stem suffruticose, procumbent, branched ; branches pilosely- liairy ; leaves greenish on both surfaces, oblong-elliptical, rather glabrous, or with hairs in fascicles, stalked, upper leaves .almost sessile ; pedicels and calyxes pilosely-hairy ; hairs cinereous. 1; . H. Native of Germany, .Switzerland, Italv, France, on rocks. Cistus alpestris, Crantz. austr. p. 103. t. 6. f. 1. Wahl. CISTINE/E. II. Helianthemum. 309 helv. p. 103. Cistus CElandicus, Jacq. austr. t. 399. Petals twice the lengtli of calyx, imbricate. I'ar. a, glahriitiim (D. C. pvotl. 1. p. 577.) leaves smoothisli, oblong-elliptical, bluntisli, with pilose footstalks. Jar. p, eloiigatum (D. C. prod. 1. c.) branches elongated ; leaves acute, pilose on both surfaces. Cistus Segui6ri, Pourr. ined. I'ar. y, cancscciis (D. C. prod. 1. c.) younger leaves, peduncles, ,^nd calyxes pilose, cinereously-canescent. Cistus CElandicus, Gouan. fl. nionsp. p. 263 ? ^V/y; Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub procumbent. 76 H. penicilla'tum (Thib. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 277.) suftruticose ; branches procumbent, long, hispid ; leaves green, with the nerves on both surfaces hispid, as well as the margins, lower leaves stalked, ovate, smaller, upper ones linear-oblong, almost sessile ; racemes simple, and are as well as the calyxes his- pid ; flowers minute. Tj . H. Native of Spain, as well as the south of France. Cistus echioides, Lam. diet. 2. p. 21 ? Cistus A'nglicus, Lin. raant. 245 ? Plant with the habit of Myoibtis Lappula. PfHC(7/ef/-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1826. Shrub trailing. 77 H. obova'tum (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 277.) suffruticose ; branches spreading, somewhat dichotonious, clothed with cinereous tomentum towards the apex ; leaves obovate or ob- long, obtuse, green on both surfaces, ciliated, pilosely-strigose, lower leaves minute ; racemes simple, 3-flowered ; bracteas green ; calyxes pilose, cinereous. 1; . F. Native of Spain near Aranjuez. Cistus Italicus, Lin. spec. 740. exclusive of the synonyms. Leaves ending in the short footstalks. Otovn^e-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. Shrub i to 1 foot. 78 H. Ita'licum (Pers. ench. 2. p. 76.) suflPruticose ; branches simple, erect, long, pilosely-tomentose ; leaves pilosely-hispid ; hairs strigose, appressed, lower leaves ovate, smaller, upper ones lanceolate, oblong or oblong-linear ; racemes simple, and are as well as calyxes pilosely-hispid, canescent. 1j . H. Native of tlie Mediterranean in dry regions. Cistus Italicus, Lin. spec. 740. Cistus marifolius, Bieb. fl. taur. cauc. 2. p. 8. — Barrel, icon. rar. 510. t. 366. Var. a, strigbsum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 277.) leaves greenish on both surfaces, strigosely-pilose ; peduncles and calyxes pilosely- tomentose, hoary. H. strigosum, Fisch. in litt. Var. /3, cand'td'iss'imum (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves, peduncles, and calyxes clothed witli white tomentum. Far. 7, I'dbidum (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves whitish-tonientose on the under surface. ItaUan Sun-Rose. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1799. Shrub 4 to 1 ft. 79 H. vixea'le (Pers. ench. 2. p. 77.) suffruticose, pxocum- bent ; branches ascendant, pilosely-tomentose, canescent ; leaves ovate-oblong, upper surface green, strigosely-pilose, under sur- face tomentose, hoary ; racemes simple, few-fiowered, and are as well as the calyxes pilosely-tomentose, canescent. ^ . H. Na- tive of the south of Germany, Switzerland, France, and Spain. Sweet, cist. t. 77. Cistus vinealis, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1195. Perhaps a variety of//, canum. Petals distinct. FiWi/ard Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1817. Trailing shrub. 80 H. ca'num (Dunal, ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 277.) stem suffruticose, procumbent, branched, ascendant, pilosely-tomen- tose, hoary ; leaves obovate, ovate, ovate-oblong or elliptical, pilose, upper surface green, under surface somewhat tomentose, hoary ; racemes simple ; pedicels and calyxes pilose, canescent ; l)etals distinct. f2 . F. Native of the south of France and Ger- many. Sweet, cist. 56. Cistus canus, Lin. spec. 740. Jacq. aus. t. 277. All. pedm. no. 1664. t. 45. Chamajcistus 3, Clus. hist, p. 74. Leaves variable, on the margin and middle nerve, on the under surface, as well as every where over the upper surface' covered with strigose pili. Ovary triquetrous, with marginate pilose angles. Perhaps Cistus marifolius. Smith, eng. hot. 396. //oary Sim-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1772. Shrub pro- cumbent. 81 H. marifolium (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 817.) suffruticose, pro- cumbent ; leaves without stipulas, stalked, ovate-cordate or ovate, acutish, upper surface green, pilose, under surface hoary ; racemes solitary, simple, few-flowered, terminal. fj . H. Na- tive of Italy, Spain, and south of France. Cistus marifolius, Lin. spec. 741. but not of Bieb. fl. taur. cauc. — Barrel, icon. rar. 521. t. 441. Calyxes ovate-oblong. Marum-leaved Hwn-^Oie. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. .Shrub trailing 4 foot. 82 H. Se'rr.e (Cambess. in mem. mus. 14. p. 216. t. 11.) stem humble, erect, suffruticose, branched ; leaves opposite, without stipulas, on short footstalks, somewhat cordate-ovate, fleshy, glaucous ; flowers in racemose-corymbs ; ovary 3-celled ; style jointed at the base ; stigma thickened. Tj . F. Native of the larger islands between Palma and a place called Prat in the sand by the sea-side. Leaves glabrous, rather hairy on the margins. Flowers yellow. Serra's Sun-Rose. Fl. March, April. Shrub h foot. 83 H. rube'llum (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 591.) leaves ovate-roundish or oblong, acute, upper surface dark-red and smooth, under surface hoary, tomentose ; flowers racemose, pen- dulous ; calyx hairy. (j . F. Native of Sicily. /ferf-leaved Sun-Rose. .Shrub i foot. 84 H. ROTUNDiFOLiuM (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 277.) stem suffruticose, branched at the base ; branches simple, tomentose, hoary, for the most part decumbent at the base ; leaves on short footstalks, upper surface greenish-glaucous, un- der surface clothed with white tomentum, lower leaves almost round, the rest ovate, uppermost ones stipulate ; stipulas small, oblong, deciduous ; racemes solitary in twos or threes, somewhat panicled, crowded, terminal ; calyxes hair\'. To . F. Native of Spain and Barbary. Cistus nummularius, Cav. icon. 2. p. 34. t. 142, Desf. atl. 1. p. 423. exclusive of the synonyms of Lin- naeus and Magnol. Bound-leaved .Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Shrub decumbent. 85 H. CRASsiFOLiuM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 77.) stem suffruticose, erect, rather glabrous ; leaves somewhat fleshy, on short foot- stalks ; lower leaves ovate, acute, without stipulas, upper ones oblong-linear, stipulate ; racemes short, rather vimbellate ; calyxes pilose at the base. ^ . F. Native of Barbary and Spain. Cistus glaiicus, Desf. atl. 1. p. 418. but not of Cav. H. Setxe, Lag. in litt. on account of the plant being called Setxe in the kingdom of Valentia in Spain. Leaves rather pilose on the upper surface at the margins, as well as on the under surface on the middle nerve. Footstalks with a few long white hairs. Thlck-leaoed Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1818. Shrub 1 ft. 86 H. panicula TUM (Dunal, ined. and D.C. prod. 1. p. 278.) suffruticose, procumbent ; branches ascendant and erect, flori- ferous branches long, upper part stipulate ; leaves stalked, ovate, bluntish, rarely roundish, upper surface green, under surface hoary ; racemes opposite and tern, panicled. ^ . F. Native of Spain and Sicily on mountains. Cistus marifolius herb. Thib. Cistus nummularius var. Lag. in litt. H. sp. nova Schouw. in litt. Stipulas minute, linear, acute. Flowers small. Pa/iic/crf-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 182G. Shrub procumbent. 87 H. polya'ntiios (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) stem suffruticose, erect, hairy ; leaves stalked, lower ones ovate, obtuse, smaller, under surface hoary, tomentose, stem ones ovate-oblong or lan- ceolate, greenish on both surfaces, with ciliated margins, stipu- late ; stipulas longer than the footstalks ; racemes hairy, pairi- 310 ClSTINE.l:. II. Hrl.IANTIIEMlM. cled ; pedicels filiform, and are as well as calyxes hairy. ^ . F. Native of the Nortli of Africa. Cistus polyanthos, Dosf. fl. atl. 1. p. UO. t. 108. Many-Jhncred Sun-Ilosc. Fl. June, July. Shrub 1 foot. SS H. CINE RriM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 76.) stem suffruticose, erect, branched ; brandies opposite, hoary ; leaves ovate, acute, tapering into the footstalk, densely-tonientose, and cinercoiisly- hoary, without stipulas ; upper leaves stipulate ; racemes pani- clcd, axillary opposite, or terminal in threes ; calyxes hispid, f; . F. Native of Spain. Cistus cinereus, Cav. icon. 2. p. 23. t. 141. Flowers small. Petals entire. I'ar. ft, Lagascaiium (D. C. prod. 1. p. 278.) stems slender; calyxes less hairy than in var. a. Lag. in litt. 6Vt7/-lcaved Sun-Hose. Fl. June, Jidy. Clt. ? Sh. 1 foot. 89 H. PiLOSELLOi DES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 28 t.) suftruticose, without stipulas ; leaves elongately-elliptic, obtuse on long footstalks, upper surface green, under surface hoary-tomentose, both sides hairy; flowers in panicles, f^ . H, Native of the Pyrenees on rocks exposed to the sun. Cistus piloselloides, Lapcyr. abr, 301. Flowers yellow. I'ilosclla-likc Sun-Rose. Shrub. 90 H. squ.uima'tum (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) stem suffruticose ; branches long, erect, rather woody, silvery, leprous ; leaves stalked, oblong, olituse, leprously-silvery, stipulate ; stipulas small, sessile, acute, marcescent ; racemes axillary, solitary, and in threes terminal ; pedicels approximate, secund, bracteate at the base ; braclcas marcescent ; calyxes leprous. I; . F. Native of Spain and Barbarv. Cistus squammatus, Lin. spec. 713. Cav. icon. 2. t. U9. IJesf H.atl. 1. p. U6.— Barrel, icon. rar. t. 328. bad. Branches 4-angled at the base. Plant covered witli le])rous round scales, which are depressed in the centre. Style twisted at the base, bent, longer than the stamens. Leafy branch- es axillary. Aca/y Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1815. Shrub -J foot. Sect. IX. Euiielia'ntiiemum (from eve, ens, genuine, »/Xioc, lielioi, the sun, and acJor, anthos, a flower ; that is to saj', genuine species of .Sun-Rose.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 278. Calyx of 5 sepals, rather twisted at the to]), before expansion ; outer sepals usually spreading, much smaller than the inner ones, which are usually 2 or 4 ribbed, furrowed, with scarious margins, with the inner surface shining,, and with the angles generally pilose. Petals 2, .'3, or 4 times longer than the calyx. Stamens numerous. Style bent at the base, but somewhat club-shaped at the apex. Stig- ma simple. Capsule covered by the calyx, 3-valved, 1 -celled, oj)ening at the apex. Seeds few, convex on the outside, and angular on the inside. Subshrubs, with the stems branched from the base ; branches numerous, erect or procumbent, but generally ascendant. Leaves opposite, on short footstalks, lower ones smallest, usually with rcvolute margins, stipulate ; stipulas linear-lanceolate. Racemes terminal, secund, simple, curved backwards Ijcfore flowering, after flowering erect, elongated. Pedicels later.ally bracteate at the base, droojiing before flowering, when in flower erect, after flowering recurved or reflexed. * Petals i/clloiv. 91 H. LAVAKDUL/EEoLiuM (D, C. fl. fr. 4. p. 820.) stem suf- fruticose, erect, branched ; branches long, terete, eanescent ; lea\es oblong-linear, with revolute margins, under surface tonien- tose, hoary, younger leaves eanescent on both surfaces ; stipulas and bracteas linear, acute, ciliated ; racemes 1-3 terminal; flow- ers crowded ; calyxes glaucous ; sepals ciliated, outer ones mi- nute, these become reflexed after flowering, inner sepals 2- nerved, oblique, acute. I; . H. Native of the south of France, Barbary, Spain, and Syria, in dry places. Cistus lavandulafblius. Lam. diet. 2. p. 25. — Barrel, icon. t. 288. Furnished with ax- illary leafy branches. far. ft, Si/riaciim (D. C. prod. 1. p. 279.) leaves rather flat, upper surface greenish-grey. Cistus Syriacus, Jacq. icon. rar. t. 96. I'ar. y, Thibaudi (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) racemes long, erect. Cistus racemosus. Cav. icon. 2. p. 33. t. 140. Perhaps the same plant after flowering. Lavendcr-lcavcd Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1739. Shrub 1 foot. 92 H. BiiorssoNETii (Dunal, ined. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 279.) stem shrubby, branched ; branches opposite ; leaves flat, on short footstalks, oblong- lanceolate, bluntish, tonicntose on both surfaces, under surface hoary, upper surface greenish-grey ; stipulas and bracteas caducous, linear, rather toinentose ; racemes short, branched ; flowers secund ; calyxes oblong, acute ; inner sepals 4-nerved, rather tomenfose, yellowish. Ij. F. Native of the island of Tenerifte. Style twice the length of stamens, al- most erect. Stipidas somewhat falcate. Broussonel's Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Shrub 1 foot. 93 H. sTfficiiADiroLiUM (Pers. ench. 2. )>. 79.) stem erect ; branches hoary, tomento.se ; leaves oblong-linear, bluntish, some- what tomentose on both surfaces, under surface hoary, upper surface greenish-grey, with revolute margins ; stipulas rather villous, linear-lanceolate ; racemes revolute before flowering ; flowers crowded ; calyxes villous ; outer sejials ciliated, green, inner ones acuminated, hoary. I7 . H. Native of .Spain and Corsica. Sweet, cist. icon. ind. Cistus stocchadifolius, Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 270. French-Laveiider-lcavcd Snn-Jloso. Fl. Jii. Jul. Clt. 1816 Sh. 1 ft. 94 II. CRocEiM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) stem shrubby, some- what )>rocumbeiit, branched ; branches simple, erect, hoary, tomentose ; leaves rather tomentose, under surface eanescent, upper surface glaucous, with revolute margins ; lower le.ives almost round, middle ones elliptic, obtuse, upper ones lanceolate, acutish ; stipulas and bracteas erect, linear-oblong, villous, rather greenish ; calyxes yellowish-glaucous, minutely pubescent. ^7 . H. Native of Spain and Barbary. Sweet, cist. t. 53. Cistus croceus, Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 422. t. 110. Lower stipulas minute. Petals yellow, very much imbricated. I'ar. a, stipulas longer than the footstalks of the leaves. I'ar. ft, stipulas setaceous, shorter than the footstalks of the leaves. I'ar. y, branches procumbent ; leaves smaller ; racemes few- flowered. .S'«//Von-coloured-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. ! Shrub procumbent. 95 H. Andersoni (Sweet, cist. t. 89.) stem suffruticose, pro- cumbent, branched ; branches ascending, c.incscently tomentose ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acutish, rather tomentose, grey above, and eanescent beneath, with the margins a little revolute ; stipulas linear, awl-shaped, ciliated, a little longer than the petioles ; calyx tomentose; petals imbricate. h. H. Flowers yellow. This is a hybrid from //. crbceiim, fertilized by the pollen of //. ptilveriilenlum. /inderson'sSun-lioac. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1827. Sli. ascendant. 9() H. NL'DICAI'LE (Dunal, ined. ;ind D. C. prod. 1. p. 279.) stem shrubby, branched ; branches smooth at bottom, but hoary- villous at the top ; leaves oblopg-lanceolate, with revolute mar- gins, tomentose on both surfaces, under surface hoary, upper surface yellowish-green ; stipulas linear, longer than the petioles ; calvxes profoundly sulcatc, hardly pubescent, with elevated pilose nerves. I^ . H. Native of Spain, on mountains in the kingdom of Valenlia. Petals vellow. Perhaps a variety of//, croccum? Nakcd-slemnud Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. .Shrub procumbent. CISTIXE/E. II. IIeliantiiemuji. 311 97 H. GLAu'cuM (Pers. encli. 2. p. 78.) stem suffiuticose, branched ; branches ascendant, hoary-tomentose, hispid at tlie top ; leaves ciliated on their margins, scarcely revolute, tomen- tose on both surfaces, luider surface hoary, upper surface green- ish-glaucous ; lower leaves round, the rest elliptic, or lanceolate- oblong ; stipulas and bracteas pubescent, green ; pedicels and calyxes beset with white hairs. Ij . H. Native of Spain and Italy. Sweet, cist. t. 111. Cistus glaiicus, Cav. icon. 3. p. 31. t. 261. but not of Desf. Petals sulphur-coloured. Far. a, acut'iusculum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 279.) upper leaves oblong, rather acuminated, upper surface glaucescent ; calyxes clothed with soft hairs. Var. ft, obliisiusculum, upper leaves oblong-elliptical, bluntish, upper surface roughish, green ; calyxes somewhat hispid. Glaucous Sun- Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1815. Shrub 1 foot. 98 H. TOMENTo'suM (Dunal, ined. and D.C. prod. 1. p. 279.) stem suffruticose, branched ; branches elongated, ascendant, somewhat canescent ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, usually with re- volute margins, under surface hoary-tomentose, upper surface smoothish, green ; calyxes fiuTowed, with elevated pilose nerves. 1; . H. Native of Spain and France : in Britain, on the moun- tains of Scotland. Smith, eng. bot. 2208. — Scop. cam. t. 24 ? Pedicels hoary, pilosely-tomentose. Bracteas smooth. Calyx violaceous. Petals yellow, imbricate. Stipulas a little fringed. Tonicntvse Sun-Rose. Fl. July. Scotland. Shrub trailing. 9 9 H. barba'tum (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79. Sweet, cist. t. 73.) stem suffiuticose, erect, much branched ; branches clothed with fascicled hairs ; leaves hairy, green on both surfaces ; lower ones roundish-ovate, upper ones elliptical ; stipulas oblong, cili- ated, hair_y, longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; racemes long, hairy, bearded, many-flowered ; calyxes warted, hairy ; petals crenulated, imbricate at the base. ^ . H. Native of the south of Europe. Cistus barbatus, Lam. diet. 2. p. 2i. Petals yellow. Bearded-racemed Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 foot. 100 H. leptophy'llcm (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 279.) stem sufl"ruticose, woody, rather procumbent, branched ; branches ascendant, rather tomentose, greyish ; leaves narrow, oblong-linear, tapering into the short footstalks, with revolute margins, under surface covered with short cinereous tomentum, upper surface smoothish, green ; stipulas awl-shaped, pilose, scarcely longer than the footstalks ; racemes long; calyxes co- vered with long hairs. T; • H. Native of Spain. Sweet, cist, t. 20. Cistus angustifolius, Lag. in litt. but not of Jacq. Cistus stcochadifohus, Hortid. Calyxes furrowed. Petals yellow, imbricate. Bracteas minute. Racemes loose. Slender-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub procumbent. 101 H. acumina'tum (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) branches erect, pilose at the base and the apex, middle naked ; leaves on long footstalks, oblong, with revolute margins, green on both surfaces, pilose, under surface rather tomentose ; stipidas smoothish, linear, longer than the footstalks of the. leaves ; racemes rather hairy, few-flowered, loose ; calyxes smooth, shining, transparent. Tj . H. Native of the fields about Nice. Cistus serpyllifolius, Balb. ined. Cistus acuminatus, Viv. fragm. 13. t. 14. f. 1. is truly distinct from this plant, and is evidently a variety of H. gutliitum, or an allied species. Acuminate Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 foot. 102 H. SERPYLLiFo LiUM (Mill. dict. no. 8.) stem suffruticose ; branches ascendant, glabrous at the base and pilose at the apex ; leaves oblong-elliptical, with rather revolute margins, under- surface hoary-tomentose, upper surface intensely green, shining. at first rather pilose, afterwards almost smooth ; stipulas and bracteas green, ciliated ; calyxes canescent, with inconspicuous down, and with the nerves sparingly pilose. Ij . H. Native of the alps of Styria and Austria, as well as on the mountains of Spain. Sweet, cist. t. 60. Cistus serpyllifolius, Lin. spec. 743. As in the preceding and following plants, the lower leaves arc smaller, orbicular, and ovate. Petals distinct. fFild-thtpnc-lcaved Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1731. Shrub procumbent. 103 H. VULGA RE (Gcert. fruct. 1. p. 371. t. 76.) stem suffru- ticose, procumbent, branched ; branches elongated ; leaves scarcely revolute at the margins, vmder surface cinereously- hoary, upper surface green, pilose, somewhat ciliated ; lower leaves somewhat orbicular, middle ones ovate-elliptical, upper ones oblong ; stipulas oblong-linear, ciliated, longer than the foot- stalks of the leaves ; racemes loose ; pedicels and calyxes pilose. Tj . H. Native of dry and hilly pastures throughout Europe ; common in Britain. Cistus Helianthemum, Lin. spec. 1. p. 744. Fl. dan. t. 101. Smith, engl. bot. 1321. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. .5. t. 3G. Petals yellow, entire, with a fidvous base, imbricate. I'ar. a; branches rather tomentose, pubescent; stipulas hardly longer than the footstalks of the leaves. Var. ft ; branches glabrous at the base, pubescent at the top ; stipulas 2 or 3 times longer than the footstalks of the leaves. Var. -Yfjlore-pleno ; flowers double. Sweet, cist. t. 64. Common Sun-Rose. Fl. May, September. Britain. Shrub trailing. 104 H. Surreja'num (Mill. dict. no. 15.) stem suffruti- cose, procimibent ; leaves ovate-oblong, rather pilose ; racemes many-flowered, terminal; petals narrow lanceolate, jagged. I2 . H. Native of England in the county of Surrey, near Croydon. Sweet, cist. t. 28. Cistus Surrejanus, Lin. spec. 743. Smith, engl. bot. 2207.— Dill. elth. 177. t. 145. f. 174. Stipulas hnear- lan- ceolate, length of petioles. Calyxes pilose. Petals distinct. Surrey Sun-Rose. Fl. July, Oct. England. Shrub f foot. 105 H. ovATUM (Dunal. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 280.) stem suffruticose, procumbent, much branched ; branches villous, leaves elliptic-lanceolate, tapering into the footstalks, bluntish, silky-villous on both surfaces, ciliated ; stipulas somewhat longer than the footstalks of the leaves villously-ciliated ; peduncles 1- 3-flowered, terminal ; calyxes rather villous. T^ . H. Native on the mountains between Viterbo and Ronciglione, and in the Alps about Genoa. Cistus ovatus, Viv. frag. 1. p. 6. t. 8. f. 2. Hairs white, silky. 0«aranclie(l, procumbent, brandies procumbent, beset with lonj; liairs : leaves oblong-lanceolate, witb rather rcvolute margins, pilose on both surfaces, green above and paler beneath ; stipulas lanceolate-linear, ciliated, longer than the petiole ; flowers large ; calyx sliining, ratlier hairy ; petals im- bricate. ^ . H. Native of'Tauria. Petals pale-yellow. Taurian Sun-Rose. 1"1. May, Oct. Clt. 1820. Shrub pro- cumbent. 109 H. Lu'ciDUM (Morn. cat. hort. hafn. 498.) stem suRVuti- cose, procumbent ; leaves stipulate, ovate, green, glossy, with revolute margins. I^.H. Native of ? Flowers yellow. .S'AiH/wiT-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Shrub procumbent. 110 H. nummula'rium (Mill. diet. no. 11.) stem suffruticose ; branches procumbent, hairy ; lower leaves orbicular, upper ones oblong-linear, hairy, under surface greenish-cinereous ; stipidas linear-oblong, twice the length of the footstalks of the leaves ; racemes and calyxes hairy. Ij . H. Native of the south of I'rimce and in Italy. Sweet, cist. t. 80. Cistus nummulirius a, Lin. spec. 7 l-.'3. not of Desf and Cav. H. obscurum ft, num- mularium, D. C. fl. fr. G. p. (>24. H. angustifolium of many botanic gardens. Petals slightly imbricate. ^1/o«fy-n'or/-leaved Sim-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1752. Shrub ))rocumbent. 111 H. ANGUSTIFOLIUM (Pcrs. cncli. 2. p. 79.) stem sufTruti- cose, diffuse ; branches rather tonientosc, cinereous ; leaves on short footstalks, upper ones linear-oblong, with revolute margins, acutish, imder surface clothed with canescent tomcntum, upper surface rather hispid ; stipulas pilose, longer than the footstalks ; racemes loose ; calyxes pubescent, rather hairy ; hairs deciduous. fj . H. Native of — ? Probably the same as the preceding species. Cistus angiistifolius, Jacq. vind. 3. t. 53. Petals nar- row at the base, rather unguiculate, distinct from each other. AV/rro)!'-/earc(/ Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1 ft. 112 H. OBTUsiFOLiuM (Dunal. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 281.) stem suftruticose, branched; branches tomentose, hoary ; leaves small, stalked, linear-oblong, obtuse, with revolute mar- gins, under surface hoary-tomentose, upper surface green and beset with long scattered white hairs ; stipulas green, oblong- linear, flat, obtuse, scarcely ciliated, length of footstalks ; calyxes hispid. Ij.H. Native of the island of Cyprus. Cistus ciliatus, Cas. Rostung in litt. not of Desf Petals yellow. Bliiid-lcaicd Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Shrub 1 foot. 113 H. iiiRTUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) stem suflruticose, branched ; branches ascendant, numerous, tomentosely-hairy, cinereous ; leaves ovate or oblong, w ith revolute margins, under surface canescent, upper surface greenish-cinereous ; stipulas narrow, rather longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; calyxes densely covered with white hairs : petals obcordate, imbricate. 1^ . F. Native of Spain and south of France. Sweet, cist. t. 109. Cistus hirtus, Lin. spec. 714. Smith, fl gra?c. t. 501. ex- clusive of synonym of Harrelleir, Cav. icon. 2. p. 37. t. 14C. Calyxes small. Flowers large, deep yellow. fur. a, BiC'ticum (D. C. prod. 1.)). 281.) leaves ovate-oblong, up))er surface green. H. Bas'ticinn, Ilort. madr. I'ar. ft, aureum (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves linear-oblong, with revolute margins, canescent on both surfaces. H. aureum, Thib. ined. Pers. ench. 2. \t. 78. / UT. y, tcrtlifiHiim (Y). C. prod. I. c.) branches hoary-tomen- tose ; leaves revolute on the under surface, almost terete, thickish, obtuse, hoary. Cistus aureum ft teretifolium, Pers. ench. 2. p. 78. //«»•,/ Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1759. Shrub 1 foot. 11 1 H. Lac.a'sc* (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. I. p. 281.) branches ascendant, tomentosely-hairy, hoary ; leaves linear, obtuse, with very rcvolute margins, almost terete, rather l-.airv. greenish : stipulas flat, scarcely pilose, twice the length of the footstalks of the leaves ; pedicels hispid, whitish ; calyxes shining, furrowed ; nerves ciliated with white hairs. J; . F. Native of ."^pain. H. liirtum var. ? Lag. in litt. Calyxes small. Leaves short. A«^o«'a'i Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 182G. Sh. ,? to 1 ft. * • Petals n/iilc, tosc-culoured, nil, pale-sulphur coloured, or variegated iril/i these colours. 115 H. vioLACEiM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) stem erect or ascendant, much branched ; branches opposite ; branchlets slen- der, tomentosely-hairy, hoary ; leaves small, almost linear, obtuse, with revolute margins, somewhat tomentose on both sur- faces, under surface canescent ; stipidas minute, pilose, racemes few-flowered, loose ; calyxes smooth, violaceous, nervedly fur- rowed, fj . F. Native of Spain, Cistus violaceus, Cav. icon. 2. p. 38. t. 147. Petals white. ri»/(7C('o«5-calyxed Sun-Rose. Fl.Ju. July. Clt. 182G. Shrub i to 1 foot. lie H. RACEMosuM (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 281.) stem shrubby, branched ; branches erect, terete, hoarv-tomen- tose ; leaves on short footstalks, narrow-linear or linear-lanceo- late, with revolute margins, under surface hoary, ujiper surface greenish, shining ; stipulas awl-shajied, longer than the foot- stalks of the leaves ; pedicels hoary ; calyxes ncrvosely-fur- rowed, brownish-violet. Tj . F. Native of Spain, Barbary, Teneriffe. Sweet, cist. t. 82. Cistus racemosus, Lin. mant. 76? Lam. diet. 2. p. 25. Vahl. symb. 1. p. 39. Willd. spec. 2. p. 1208. exclusive of synonyms of Cav. and Barrel. Petals white, yellow at the base, imbricate. I\aceniose-{\o\\cTei\ Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Shrub 1 foot. 117 II. FARiNosuM (.Sweet, cist. p. 18.) stem shrubby, erect, branched, tomentosely-hoary ; leaves on short footstalks, linear or lanceolate-linear, with revolute margins, hoary, and powdered on both surfaces ; stipulas awl-shaped, longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; c.ilyx powdery, as well as beset with very short hairs. Ij. F. Native of Spain. H. racemosum ft, farinosum, D. C. prod. 1. p. 281. Flowers white. Alealy Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Shrub 1 foot. 118 H. STiu'cTUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) stem suftruticose, erect, branched; branches straight, hoary-tonientose ; leaves almost sessile, very narrow, linear-awl-shaped, with revolute margins, canescent ; stipulas linear, setaceous; calyxes pilose, ner- vously-striated, yellowish, smoothish. 'j . F. Native of Spain. Cistus strictus, Cav. icon. 3. p. 3 -'. t. 2fi3. f. 2. Petals white. .S7r«iiT/,M)ranchcd Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub i to 1 foot. 119 H. i-iLosuM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) stem suftruticose, branched ; branches erectish ; leaves linear or linear-oblong, hoary on both surfaces, and bristly at the apex ; stipulas awl- shaped ; calyxes rather pilose, nervously-striated. Ij . I'. Na- tive of Spain and the south of France. Sweet, cist. t. 49. Cistus pilosus, Lin. spec. 741. a.? Chamaecisius 4. Clus. hist. 1. p. 74. Petals white. I'ar. a ; Icaveslinear, hoary : calyxes pilose, somewhat glaucous. I'ar. ft; leaves linear-oblong; calyxes shining, smoothish, acutish, with hairy nerves. Pilose Sun-Rose. Fl. May, July. Clt. U.il. Shrub IJ foot. 120 H. iisf.a're (Pers. inch. 2. p. 78.) stem sufl^ruticose ; branches elongated, ascendant, rather hoary, tonientosc; leaves linear, greenish-hoary, with revolute margins ; stipulas linear- awl-shaped ; racemes loose, twiggy, few-flowered ; calyxes striated, glabrous, with the nerves somewhat violaceous ; sepals acute. H . F. Native of Spain and the south of France. Sweet, cist, 48. Cistus linearis, Cav. icon. 3. p. 8. t. 216. CISTINE.E. II. Heliamiiemui* 313 Cistiis pilosus, D. C. fl. fr. !i. p. 833 ? Calyx larger than in the preceding species. Petals white. Jar. j3 ; angles or nerves of calvx pilose. Z(n<,'«r-leaved Sun- Rose. Fl. Jil. Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1 ft. 121 H. virga'tum (Pers. ench. p. 79.) stem suftruticose, with twiggy, hoary, ascending or erect branches ; leaves linear, hoary on the under surface, with revolute margins ; stipulas liiiear-awl-shaped ; calyxes hoary, powdery, pubescent. h . H. Jar. a, albijlbrum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 2S2.) leaves green on the upper surface ; petals white. 1; . H. Native of Barbary. Ci'stus virgatus, Desf. atl. 1. p. l-.'JS. I'ar. /3, rbseum (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves canescent on both surfaces; petals rose-coloured, imbricate. Ij . H. Native of ? Sweet, cist. t. 79. Tiviggy ^wn-Uo&e. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1818. Sh. | foot. 122 H. Apexni^nuji (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 82-t.) stem suffruticose, branched ; branches spreading, hoary-tonientose ; leaves stalked, oblong-linear, with the margins scarcely revolute, under surface tomentose, upper surface glaucescent, but at length becoming smooth ; stipulas awl-shaped, longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; calyxes covered with very short villi, striated, cinereousl}- glaucous, bluntish. T^ . H. Native of Spain, France, Italy, and Germany on dry hills in places exposed to the sun. Sweet, cist. t. 62. Cistus Apennhms, Lin. spec. 7 l^-. ? Dill. elth. 170. Cistus hispidus /3, Lam. diet. 2. p. 2C. Petals white, distinct. Var. a , leaves flattish. J'ar. p ; leaves linear, narrow. Cistus pilosus. Thib. herb. Gouan. fl. monsp. p. 265 ? J pemii lie Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1731. Sh. | foot. 123 H. Hi'spiDUM (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 282.) stem suffruticose, branched ; branches ascending, hoary-tomen- tose ; leaves stalked, oblong, bluntish, somewhat mucronate, with revolute margins, luider surface hoary, upper surface roughish, greenish-glaucous ; calyxes covered with long hairs. Ij . H. Native of the south of France. Cistus hispidus, Lam. 2. p. 26. Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 271. Cistus pilosus /J, Gouan. fl. monsp. p. 265. H. marjoranc-efolium /j. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 625. Petals white, imbricate. Hispid Sun-Rose. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1816. Sh. J to 1 ft. 121 H. pulverule'ntum (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 823.) stem suffru- ticose, much branched, prostrate ; branches hoary-tomentose ; leaves oblong-linear, with revolute margins, obtuse, under sur- face hoary, upper surface glaucous ; stipulas subulate, ciliated, longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; calyxes hoary, minutely tomentose-pubescent. fj . H. Native of France on sterile hills. Sweet, cist. t. 29. Cistus pulverulentus, Pour. act. toul. 3. p. 311. Cistus polifolius. Lam. diet. 2. p. 26. but not of Lin. Petals white. Po7idered-]ea\ed Sun-Rose. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? Shrub prostrate. 125 H. macra'nthum (Sweet, cist. t. 103.) stem suflfruticose ; branches procumbent, rather tomentose ; leaves flat, ovate- oblong, acutish, smooth above and densely tomentose beneath, pale, cinereous ; stipulas rather pilose, about equal or longer than the petioles ; calyx striated, pilose ; petals distinct. Tj . H. Native of? Flowers whitish, but yellow at the base. Jar. /3, multiplex (Sweet, cist. t. lOt.) lovver leaves roundish; flowers double, whitish, but yellow towards the base of the petals. Large-Jlunered Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. '. Shrub pro- cumbent. 126 H. rhoda'nthum (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 282.) stem suflfruticose, procumbent ; branches rather tomentose, and hoary; leaves oblong, with revolute margins, under sur- face hoary-tomentose, upper surface greenish-glaucous ; stipulas awl-shaped, pilose and bristly at the top ; calyxes covered with short, white tomentum. Ij . H. Native of Spain. Sweet, VOL. I. PART IV. cist. t. 7. Cistus roseus, Jacq. hort. viiid. 3. p. 65 ? Cistus an- gustifolius, formerly in hort. reg. paris. Cistus piluliferus. Thib. ined. Very like H. pu/verulenlum, but the flowers are rose-coloured. Petals imbricate. Jar. a, ohlongi folium (D. C. prod. 1. p. 283.) branches clothed with canescent tomentum ; leaves oblong ; flowers rose or red-coloured. Jar. jy, subliir silt urn (D. C. prod. 1. c.) branches clothed with canescent tomentum ; leaves and calyxes rather hairy ; flowers rose-coloured or red. J'ar. 7, cdrncmn (Lag. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. c.) branches al- most glabrous ; leaves almost linear ; pedicels hoary-tomentose ; flowers flesh-coloured. Probably a distinct species. Red-JloiveredSMn-Wose. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub procumbent. 127 H. cane'scens (Sweet, cist. t. 51.) stem suffruticose, branched, diffuse ; branches ascending, rather tomentose, canes- cent ; leaves flat or hardly revolute at the margins, under surface tomentosely-hoary, upper surface greenish-glaucous ; lower leaves ovate- oblong, obtuse, upper ones lanceolate, acute ; stipulas linear, ciliated, somewhat longer than the footstalks ; calyxes smoothish, but with the nerves pubescent ; petals imbricated. t^ . H. Native ? Petals reddish- crimson, with a small orange spot at the base of each. C aiiesccnt-\ea.\eA Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub procumbent. 128 H. coNFu'suM (Sweet, cist. t. 91.) stem suffruticose; branches procumbent, smoothish, rather tomentose at tiie apex ; leaves oblong, ovate, bluntish, rather flat, under surface tomen- tose, hoary, upper surface glabrous, green ; stipulas and bracteas linear, green, ciliated ; calyxes striated, smoothish, rather shining; petals slightly imbricate. I^ . H. Native of France and Spain. H. polifolium, D. C. prod. 1 . p. 283. Petals white, yellow at the base. Confused Sun-Rose. Fl. May, July. Clt. ? Shrub pro- cumbent. 129 H. lanceol.i'tum (Sweet, cist. t. 100.) stem suffruticose, much branched, procumbent ; branches ascending, smoothish, hoary-tomentose at the apex ; leaves lanceolate, acute, with somewhat revolute margins, green and smoothish above, but hoary-tomentose beneath : stipulas awl-shaped, linear, longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; sepals smoothish or rather pilose; petals imbricate. 1;. H. Native of? Petals white, marked with yellow at the base. Stamens yellow. Znnct'o/«rt. fruct. 2. t. 129. D. C. prod. 1. p. 285. Lin. svst. Tri-Dudccundria, Monogynia. Calyx 3-sepalled, guarded by bracteas or the 2-outer sepals. Petals 3, lanceo- late. Stamens 3-12, usually disposed in a ternary number. Ovary 1, somewhat 3-sided. Stigmas 3, scarcely distinct. Cap- sules 3-valved ; valves bearing a dissepiment or nerve in the middle of each. Seeds very few, usually 8, fixed to the dis- sepiment or nerve. Albumen fleshy. Embryo straightish, dorsal with an inferior radicle. Cotyledons ovate-oblong. In- conspicuous North American herbs, with numerous small white or yellow flowers; lower branches usually diflx'ring from the floriferons ones, thev are like those of Thymus scrpij/liim, 1 L. viLLOsA (Ell. sketch. ISi.) hairy; leaves oblong-lan- ceolate, mucronate ; panicle leafy, ])yrainidal ; branches bearing flowers at the top ; flowers disposed in fascicled-racemes, se- ciind, on very short pedicels. if.. II. Native from Canada to Florida in gravelly woods. L. major, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 90. but not of Lin. L. minor, Lin. from Smith. — Lam. ill. t. .52. f. 2. from Pursh. Flowers white or yellow. I'ar. ft, muvronala (Raf. prec. 37.) ])ilosc ; stem straight, simple; racemes compound ; flowers bracteolate. %.. H. Na- tive of New Jersey in woods. ri/ZoMs Lechea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1780. Plant 2 feet. 2 L. .MINOR (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. )). 91.) snioothish; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute ; panicle leafy ; branches elon- gated, bearing flowers on all sides ; flowers on very short pedicels; stems assurgent. 1^.11. Native from Canada to Pennsylvania on dry gravelly hills — Lain. ill. t. 52. f. 1. from Pursh. Flowers white or yellow. This plant is lower in growth and larger in fruit than liie preceding. Smaller Leclna. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1802. Plant i foot. 3 L. UACEMULosA (Micti. fl. bor. amer. ). p. 77.) covered with appressed pubescence ; leaves linear, acute, ciliated ; p.i- iiicle slender, much branched, \i\ ramid.il ; r.icemes nakedish ; flowers small, alternate, j)edicellate ; stem erect. 1/. \\. Native of sandy fields from New Jersey to Carolina. Pursh. H. amer. sept. l."p. 91. snppl. 3. p. 340. — Guara, Lain. ill. t. 281. f. 3. Flowers white or yellow. /f«(TmH/(w Lethea. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt.? PI. ^ foot. 4 II. TiiVMinn.iA (.Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 77.) covered with a])pressed white villi ; leaves linear, acute ; panicle leafy, elongated, with short branches ; flowers disposed in lateral and terminal fascicles ; pedicels very short ; flowers small, hoary- tomentose ; stem erect. 2/. M. Native of dry barren woods on slate hills, from V'irginia to Carolina. Lower branches creep- ing, very like those of 'J'hijmus scrpijHum, which is the case with most of the species of this genus. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1'. p. 91. L. minor, Walt. car. 83. from Ell. sketch, p. 185. Flowers white or yellow. T/iymc-leaicd Luchca. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. | ft. 5 L. TENUiFoi.iA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 77.) sparingly pilose ; leaves very narrow ; ]ianicle divaricate, nakedish ; branchlets alternate ; pedicels elongated, spreading ; stem erect. 1/ . H. Native of dry gravelly hills from Virginia to Georgia. L. jimcifolia, Walt. car. 83 ? from Ell. sketch. 185. Lower branches furnished with linear leaves,, by which it is easily dis- tinguished from the rest. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1, p. 91. Flowers white or yellow. Fiiie-leavcd Ledwa. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823. PI. | foot. C L. ? vERTiciLLA TA (Willd. s))ec. 1. p. 495.) stem hispid; leaves oblong-ovate, serrulated ; flowers in whorles. 2/ . S. Native of the East Indies. Ilabit of Sjurmatucce, and most likely a species of the latter genus. I'lowers white ? //7H)r/<'(/-flowered Lecliea. PI. jr foot. N. B. Li'cliea C'liinensis of Lour, is a species of CommeVtna. Cull. Li'c/iett is a genus of small herbaceous perennial plants, which succeed best when grown in small pots planted in a mix- ture of light turfy loam and peat. They may be cither in- creased by seeds or by cuttings planted in sand under a hand- glass. Order XXI. VIOL.VRIEVE (plants agreeing with I'lola in many important characters.) D. C. fl. fran. 1. \>. 801. Juss. ann. du nius. 18. p. 4. p. 476. Calyx of 5 permanent sepals, equal (f. G5. n. f. 6G. c.) or un- equal, (f. 64. c. f. 62. a.) usually w ith membranous margins, free or connected at the base, imbricate in the bud ; and therefore they are disposed in a double series, as in Tribe Jiolcce, 3 in the outer series, and 2 in the inner. Petals 5, alternating with the sepals (f. 65. b.) hypogynous, inserted in the thalamus, usually mar- cescent, and obliquely convolute in the bud, sometimes equal (f. 66. b. f. 65. b.) sometimes unequal (f. 62. c. f. 63. c), but when they are unequal the lower one isin theforinofalabellum(f.64. c), furnished with a spur or hollow at its base (f. 64. b. f. 63. c). Sometimes there is a staminiferous nrceolus and sometimes fili- form appendages between the petals and the stamens. Stamens 5, inserted in the thalamus or calyx, alternating with the petals ; anthers 2-cclled (f. 65. c.) opening inwards by 2 longitudinal chinks ; these are appressed to the ovary, usually free, but sometimes they are more or less connate at tlie base into a mona- delphous disk; filaments usually dilated, sometimes from the ba.se in this case, bearing the anthers at the very base (f. 64. rf.), some- times they are unguiculated at the base, but they are dilated at the top, and therefore bearing the anthers a little higher up at the tops of the claws (f. 66. a.), in either case the filaments are drawn out beyond the anthers into an arid membrane, more or less imbricately girding the style, rarely awl-shaped but never terminated by the anthers; two of which in the irregular flowers are usually drawn out downwards into a filiform ap- VIOLARlEiE. 317 peiiJage (f. 6i. c.) or ncctarial glands, wliieli are drawn in within the spur or hollow (f. 6;i. (/.)• Ovary 1 -celled, many-seeded (f. G'3. "-. f. 66. d.) or rarely 1 -seeded from abortion. Placentas 3, parietal, one in the middle of each valve, opposite the 3 exterior petals. Style 1, permanent, usually declinate, perforated, and recurved at tl.e top, and therefore the stigma is somewhat lateral (f. 61-./.). Capsule 3-valved (f 02. g.), the valves generally open- ing from the apex to the base, usually with elasticity. The seeds have 3 coverings, the outer one is membranous, more or less thickened at the hilum into a caruncle ; umbilical vessel united with the epidermis from the hilum to the vertex of the seed, forming aline which is hardly prominent, expanded into a wrinkled areola at the top. Testa crustaceous, brittle, usually smooth, but sometimes striated, rarely scrobiculate ; inner membrane very thin, adhering, usually dotted with brown in the vertex. Albumen fleshy. Embryo straight in the axis of the albumen, with the radicle towards the base of the seed, not towards the hilum, with an inconspicuous plumule, and usually flat cotyle- dons. Herbs, sub-shrubs, or middle-sized shrubs, with alter- nate, rarely opposite leaves, simple, usually involute before ex- pansion, all furnished with stipulas. Flowers erect or drooping, pedunculate, axillary ; peduncles sometimes solitary or numer- ous, 1-flowered, and bibracteolate ; sometimes bi-anched, with the pedicels 1-flowered, and bibracteolate, rising singly from the axillae of the bracteas. This order comes very near Poli/gi'ilcce, Droscraccce and Pas- siflorece, but differs from Polygrilea; in the fruit being 1 -celled, not 2-celled, in the leaves being furnished with stipulas, not exstipulate, as well as in the anthers being 2-celled, not 1-celled. It differs from Droseracae in the style being solitary, not 3-6, and in the embryo being elongated, as well as in the leaves being involute before expansion, not circinal, and furnished with stipu- las, not exstipulate. It differs from Passiflbrece in the fruit being capsular, not baccate, and in the stamens being hypogy- nous, not perigynous, as well as in the anthers being adnata to the middle of the filaments, not fixed by the middle ; stigmas 1 , not 3. The genus Hymcnanthera agrees with Pvlygalece in the pericarp being 1 -seeded; seed pendulous, or the pericarp, ac- cording to Mr. Brown, is 2-celled, and the cells 1-seeded. The genus Cahjptrion, and some species of Noisettia, agree witli Passiflbrea in having twining stems. This is a very favourite order with gardeners, consisting, as it chiefly does, of violets ; a great part of which are hardy, her- baceous plants. The tribe Alsodhicce consists of tropical trees and shrubs of little beauty, with regular flowers. The roots of all the herbaceous and annual kinds act as emetics like the Ipecacuanha. Synopsis of the Genera. Tribe I. Vio LEa; (Z). C. prod. \.p. 288.). Petals 5, unequal (f 64. c). Sepals 5 (f. 6 1. a.), in two series, 3 in the outer and 2 in the inner, the last are narrower than the outer series. Pericarp 3- ialved{f. 64. k.), dehiscent, with a placenta in the middle of each valve (f. 62. g.). Stamens altcriialing irilh Ihejietals ; flaments dilated, free, or rarely joined, drawn out beyond the anthers ; therefore the anthers appear as if fixed to the middle of the f la- ments on the inner side; cells uf anthers opening slowly into Z-valces. 1 CALv'rTRioN. Sepals nearly equal (f. 62. a.). Lower petal large, drawn out into a pouch at the base. Stamens free ; appendages of 4 ? anterior anthers, long and filiform, bearded. Capsule trigonal, 1-3 or many-seeded (f. 62. g.). Climbing shrubs. 2 Noise'ttia Sepals unequal (f 63. e.). Lower petal large (f. 63. b.), drawn out at the base into a long cylindrical tube (f. 63. c). Stamens free ; appendages of the 2 anterior anthers awl-shaped. Capsule obsoletely trigonal, many-seeded. Erect or climbing shrubs. 3 ScHWEiGGE RiA. Sepals unequal (f. 64. a.) 3 exterior ones hastately biauriculate at the base. Lower petal large, cordate (f. 64. b.), drawn out at the base into an unequal-sided spur (f. 64. e.). Stamens free, pressed to the ovary ; append- ages of 2 anterior anthers, awl-shapedj (f 64. e.). Little trees. 4 VioLA. Calyx with unequal sepals, all drawn out at the base more or less into ear-like appendages. Lower petal drawn out at the base into a hollow spur. Stamens approximate, the 2 anterior anthers furnished with long awl-shaped appendages. Capsule trigonal ; valves opening with elasticity. Usually herbs, rarely small shrubs. 5 ERPE^TtoN. In every respect the same as J^iola, but the se- pals are hardly drawn out at the base, and the lower petal is not drawn out into a spur at the base ; but furnished with a small gibbosity. Anthers without appendages. Creeping herbs. 6 So LEA. Calyx hardly equal. Lower petal large, with a gibbous base. Stamens approximate, with a nectarial gland on the outside of two of the filaments. A pilose, erect herb. 7 Pomba'lia. Sepals of calyx large, with prickly margins. Lower petal long, somewhat gibbous at the base. Stamens free ; two of the filaments are furnished each with a nectarial gland at the base. Capsule as in Viola. Erect, villous herbs. 8 PiGEA. Sepals unequal. Lower petal very large, gibbous at the base. Stamens free, lobes of anthers ending in a bristle. Capsules trigonal. Herbs or sub-shrubs. 9 loNiDiUM. Sepals unequal. Lower petal large, rather gib- bous or concave at the base. Stamens approximate, the 2 anterior filaments usually furnished each w ith a nectarial gland at the base. Capsule, as in Viola, elastic. Herbs or sub-shrubs. 10 Hyba'nthus. Sepals unequal. Lower petal long, saccate at the base. Stamens connate at the base, the 2 inferior fila- ments bearing each a large shell-formed gland at the base. Cap- sule obovate, few-seeded. Inelegant shrubs, usually spinose. 11 Anchie^tia. Calyx deeply 5-parted, unequal. Lower petal large, unguiculate, with a spur at the base. Anthers almost sessile ; 2 lower ones on very short filaments, each drawn out into a filiform appendage on the back. Capsule large, inflated, many-seeded. Erect or climbing shrubs. .•518 VI0LARIE;E. I. Calyptkion. Tribe II. AlsodinE;B (/?. Dr. congo. ]>. 21.) Petals equal (f. 05. b.). Stamens usually connected at the base, or adnate, to an elevated vrceolus which is situated between the petals and the stamens. 12 GoNoiioRiA. Sepals imbricate. Stamens free, approxi- mate. Lobes of the anthers ending in a bristle. Ovary villous. Capsule 3-valve(l, few-seeded. Shrubs. 13 Rino'rea. In every respect the same as the last genus, but the filaments are dilated from the base into an acuminated ligula, not unguiculate, rather connate at the base. 11- Ai.so"dea. Sepals acute, imbricate. Filaments connate at the base into an urceolus which girds the ovary. Lobes of anthers usually drawn out at the apex into a bristle. Capsule bluntly trigonal, few-seeded. Large shrubs. 15 Cerantiie'ra. Sepals acute. L'rceolus toothed, con- nected with the petals at the base, situated between the petals and the stamens. Filaments unguiculate at the base. Lobes of anthers ending in a bristle. Ovary ovate. Large shrubs. IG Penta'loba. Sepals erect. Petals approximate at the base, reflexed at the top. Urceolus 5-toothed, bearing the fila- ments between these teeth. Ovary pilose. Capsule 5-lobed, 1- celled, 5-seeded. A large shrub. 17 Spatvlaria. Calyx 5-parted (f. CG. c), unequal, deci- duous. Petals rather unequal (f. CO. b.,) inserted in the base of the calyx, with long spatulate claws, which are connivcnt. An- thers drawn out at the apex into a membranous point (f. 6G. a.). Capsule many-seeded (f GO. d.). An erect shrub. 18 Hymenantiie'ba. Sepals imbricate. Petals at length re- flexed. Structure of stamens as in Viola, but they are joined at the base into a monadelphous disk, with a scale at the back of each. Capsule rather baccate, 2-celled ; cells 1- seeded. Large, branched, erect shrubs. 19 Pipa'rea. Sepals 5, equal, permanent, at length reflexed. Filaments 10-15, awl-shaped, all joined together at the base, closely girding the ovary. Capsule ovate, triquetrous, 1- .T- celled, opening laterally from the top, densely clothed on the inside with brown velvetty down, bearing the seeds in the middle (if the valves, one in each. Large shrubs. Tribe I. VIOLF-.F, (])lants agreeing witli I'mla in having irregular flinvers.) I). C. yroA. 1. p. ^'88. Petals uiir(i\i:il (f. Ol-. rf.). The three outer sepals usually broader ihan the two inner ones (f. 01. a.). Pericarps 3-valved, dehiscent, with a placenta in the middle of each valve (f. 02. g.). Stamens alternating with the petals ; filaments dilated, drawn out beyond the anthers, free, (ap])roxin)ate or coarctate) or rarely joined. Cells of anthers at length 2-valved. I. CALY'PTRION (n-aXuTrrpa, calijjitra, a hood or cover, and ini', ion, a violet ; in allusion to the hood-like sjiur at the base of the lower ])etal.) Ging. niss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 288. Coryn6stylis, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 25. Lin. syst. I'cntdndria, Mono^i'/nia. Calyx small, running into tlie j)ediiel at the base. .'»e])als 5, almost equal (f. I>2. a.), the 2 lower ones somewhat unequal-sided. Petals 5, the lower one large, drawn out behind into a large hollow pouch, which is compressed on the sides, and constricted in the middle, twisted, many-nerved ; limb involute in aestivation, but spreading in the more advanced state, usually waved, erose or lobed. The 2 lateral petals hardly shorter than the lowest one (f. 02. d.), spreading ; the rest small, and very short (f. 02. c, e.), and bent upwards, all generally villous. Stamens 5, 4 of which are con- nate ; filaments dila'.ed from the base, oblong ; bearing the anthers low down ; anthers twice the length of the ovary (f. 02. c), with parallel lobes ; the t- ? anterior ones arc drawn out on the outside into short bearded recurved appendages ; these append- ages are drawn in within the pouch. Capsule ligneous, 1 -celled, 3-valved (f. 62. g.). Seeds numerous, large, rather square, com- pressed, wrinkled, fixed to the valves. Climbing shrubs, with alternate leaves and deciduous stipulas. Flowers large, while, disposed in axillary racemes. Pedicels with a bractea at the base of each, and bibracteolate in the middle. Obs. Under f'lola liybdnthus, Willd, there are four speci- mens very different from each other, joined, and probably belong- ing to three distinct genera. Compare Mayer, esseq. p. 123. • 1. Flowers large in racemes, or axillary and solitary on the branchlcts. 1 C. Auble'tii (Ging. FIG. 02. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 289.) stem striated, covered with white spots ; leaves oblong-ovate, acu- minated, serrated ; flow- ers in fascicled racemes ; sepals ovate, obtuse ; spur of flower hardly inflated at the throat. 1; . ^. S. Native of Guiana, Cay- enne, isl.'ind of Trinidad, and Brasil. \ iola Hyban- thus, Aubl. giiian. 2. p. 811. t. 319. May fl. prim, esseq. p. 123. not of Willd. nor Pers. lonidium .^ubletii, Hom. and Schult. syst. 5. p. 397. Viola laurifolia. Smith in Uees' cyclop. Corynostylis Hybanthus, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 20. t. 17 and 18. Seeds large, roundish, chesnut-coloured. Flowers large, white (f. 02.). ^/«We<"4 Hooded-violet. Clt. 1823. Sh. climbing. 2 C. Berte'rii (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 289.) stem striated, covered with white spots ; leaves ovate, acuminated, en- tire ; sepals o\ ate, acute ; throat of spur inflated. H . ^. S. Native of South Amei'ica. Var. a, Mngdalciuusc (D. C. j)rod. 1. c.) racemes axillary. Native of Baranquilla on the banks of the river Magdalena in inundated places. Viola scandens, Bert. ined. Flowers large, white. far. ft, Mexicanum (D. C. prod. 1. c.) racemes terminal on the top of the branchlets ; flowers larger. Native of Mexico. Moc. et Sesse. Viola cucullata, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. icon. Perhaps a distinct species. Flowers very large, white. Bertero's Ilooded-violet. Shrub climbing. 3 C. ? < iTRii oi.iiM (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 289.) stem ? leaves oblong, obtuse, quite entire ; sepals ovate, .icute ; flowers solitary ; capsules obsoletely 3- sided ; seeds oblong, comjiressed. Ij . y_,. S. Native of Cuinana. Viola arbores- cens, La-fl. itin. p. 282. C. Loefliugii, Spreng. Citron-leaved Hooded-violet. Shrub climbing. 4 C. ? Orinoce'nse (H. 15. et Kunth, nov. gen. anicr. 5. p. 381.) stem angular, pidjerulous ; leaves serrulated, ovate-oblong, acute, obtuse at the base, tqiper surface glabrous, under surface pubescent; flowers solitary ? 't . y^- -S. Native of humid places near St. Fernando de Atabapo, Mission, del. Orinoco. Very VIOLARIEiE. I. Calvptrion. IF. Noisettia. III. Schweiggeiiia. 319 like C. Aubletii, aocortling to Kunth, Viola excelsa, Willd. herb. ex RixMii. and Scliult. syst. o. p. 391. Flowers large, wliite. Oihtoco Hooded-violet. Shrub climbing. § 3. Flowers small, disposed in axillary crowded fascicles. 0 C. ? i'rangul.ef6lium (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1 . p. 289.) stem twining to the right; leaves oblong-elliptical, acute, rounded at the base, obsoletely serrulated, puberulous on both surfaces ; flowers disposed in crowded fascicles, exceeding the footstalks of the leaves ; sepals narrow, acuminated ; lower petal eniar- ginate at the top ; spur (hood) obtuse, flattened on the sides ; stamens furnished with very long smooth appendages. 1^ . '^. S. Native in the Andes about Popayan at the height of GOIG feet. Noisettia frangulsefolia, H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 3S4. t. 499. a and b f. 1. Flowers like those of Noisett'ui but the habit of the plant agrees with Calijptrion. Frangula-lcavcd Hooded-violet. Shrub twining. •]■ Doubtful Species. 6 C. ? dia'kdrum (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 289.) stem herbaceous, creeping ; leaves oblong ; peduncles solitary ; lower petal trifid. Ij^ . S. Viola diandra, Allemand in Lin. syst. C(39. lonidium diandrum, Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. S99. Flowers white ? Diandrous Hooded-violet. PI. creeping or twining. Cidt. Elegant climbing shrubs, well adapted for covering rafters in stoves. A rich light soil will suit them best, and young cuttings will root freely if planted in a pot of sand, placed under a hand-glass, in heat. n. NOISETTIA (in honour of Louis Noisette, an eminent French cultivator and writer on fruit-trees, author of Le Jardin Frutier, 2. fasc. in 4to. 1813). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 382. exclusive of the synonym of Aublet, Bigelowia, D. C. mss. but not of Sprengel. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx middle-sized, running into the pedicel at base ; sepals 5 (f. 63. c), unequal, 2 lower ones usually with unequal sides. Lower petal large (f. 63. b.), with the limb involute in aestivation, drawn out behind into a long straight cylindrical tube (f. 63. c); 2 lateral petals short, ascend- ing, the rest smaller, all smooth? Stamens free ; filaments dilated at the base and furnished with a membrane at the top, bearing the anthers low down ; anthers hardly longer than the ovary, with sub-sagittate lobes, the two anterior anthers drawn out on the back into nectariferous awl-shaped appendages (f. G3. g.), which are drawn in, within the tube. Ovary superior; ovulae usually 12-30 ? rather pear-shaped (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c). Cap- sule 1 -celled, 3-valved, membranous, ovate, obsoletely 3-sided, veiny, with linear placentas ; valves few-seeded. Erect or scandent shrubs, with twiggy branches. Leaves alternate, simple, stalked, feather-nerved. Stipidas in pairs, usually running down the stem. Flowers on pedicels ; pedicels many, or from abortion solitary, bibracteolate towards the middle, but not jointed, disposed in axillary crowded fascicles. Flowers of a pale colour. 1 N. longifo'lia (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 382, t. 499. b & f. ii.) stem shrubby, striated, simple or branched ; leaves lanceolate, serrated, acute, tapering into the short foot- stalks at the base ; flowers in bundles ; peduncles bractless ; spur awl-shaped, length of pedicel ; sepals lanceolate, acumin- ated, 2 lower ones unequal-sided, eared on the outside at the base ; lower petal obcordate, lateral ones oblong, obtuse, the rest ovate ; ovary many-seeded ; stigma hooked. Tj • ■'• Na- tive of Cayenne. Viola longifolia, Poir. diet. 8. p. 649. loni- dium longifolium, Rocm. et Schidtz. syst. 5. p. 398. Flowers cream-coloured or white. Long-leaved 'Noht^nin. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1 to 1 A foot. 2 N. oRciiiDiFLo'iiA (Ging. mss. FIG et D. C. prod. 1. p. 290.) stem slender, smooth ; leaves lanceolate, serrulated, on long footstalks; flowers 4-6 in a fascicle ; sptir obtuse, a little sliorter than the pedicel. Jj ? S. Native of Guiana. Viola orchi- diflora, Rudge, pi. guian. rar. 1. p. II. t. 10. lonidium orchidiflorum, Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 400. Flowers cream-coloured or white (f 63.). Jar. ft ; leaves lanceolate, acu- minated, serrated, tapering at the base into the long footstalk, gla- brous ; flowers 3-4 lines long, 3-4 in each fascicle ; capsules 3-sided, straw-coloured, 2-3-seeded, with ovate, veiny, glabrous valves. T; . S. Native of Guiana. Orchis-flowered Noisettia. Shrub \\ foot. 3 N. GALEOi'siFO LiA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 461.) stems somewhat herbaceous, simple, triangidar, a little winged ; leaves lanceolate, rather acuminated, acute, serrated ; flowers in racemose bundles; peduncles bractless; ovary usually con- taining 15 seeds. 2/. S. Native of Brasil in old woods on the eastern part of the province of Minas-Geraes, near the village called Rio-Vermellio. N. longifolia, Nees et Mart, in nov. act. Bonn. 12. p. 48. but not of Kunth. Root yellow. Petals pale yellow, but pale scarlet at the apex. Hemp-Nelllc-lcaved Noisettia. Fl. April. PI. 1 to \\ foot. 4 N. ? Roquefeuilla'na (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 462. t. 22. f. c.) plant glabrous, stems shrubby, round, climbing, branched ; leaves ovate or oblong, or elliptical-lanceolate, acu- minated, rather acute at the base, crenate-serrated ; pedimcles bracteate ; flowers usually disposed in racemes. Ij . ^. S. Native of Brasil in old woods on Mount Tejuca near Rio Janeiro. A climbing shrid). Perhaps a species of Anchietia. Roquefeuille s Noisettia. Fl. Aug. Shrub climbing. 5 N. acumina TA (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 290.) leaves lanceolate, on short footstalks, ciliated, toothed, drawn out at the apex into a long, entire acumen ; pedicels solitary, a little shorter than the leaves ; capsules ovate. I7 ? F. Native of North America. Violseoides, Mich. ined. Perhaps a variety of A'^. orchidijlhra. A cuminated-\eaved Noisettia. Shrub 2 feet. Cult. These curious phmts will grow freely in light rich soil, and young cuttings will strike root freely if planted in a pot of sand, placed under a hand-glass, in heat. The climbing species is well fitted for covering rafters in stoves. III. SCHWEIGGE'RIA (in honour of Aug. Frid. Schweigger, Professor at Regiomonti in Sicily). Spreng. ex St. Hil. mem. mus. 1 1 . p. 454. Glossarrhen, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 22. D. C. prod. 1. p. 290. LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Sepals of calyx very unequal, rimning into the peduncle at the base, 3 exterior sepals large (f. 64. a.), longer than the petals, usually cordate, acuminated, hastately 2-eared at the base, lower ones unequal-sided, with the spur between, with the auricles of the exterior ones stretched out, and usually rounded ; 2 inner sepals verysmall and very narrow. Petals 5, uneqvial, with 3-nerved claws ; 2 upper ones shortest, 2 lateral ones longer than the upper ones (f. 64. fc), lowest one large (f. 64. b.), with the limb involute in aestivation, bicallose at the base, and drawn out behind into a hollow spur (f. 64. c). Filaments of stamens separated and dilated at the base, oblong, pressed to the ovary, each furnished with a membrane at the apex, bearing the JO VIOLARIE^E. III. SciiwEiGGERiA. IV. Viola. anthers low down ; lobes of anthers drawn out at the top ? di- virfiin<;, hut ajjproxiniate at the base ; 2 anterior liiaments bear- ing on tlicir back ncctariferovis awl-shaped appendafjes, which are drawn in within the spur (f. HI. e.). Stigma ascending, usually drawn out downwards into a somewhat spatulate a])pendage, somewhat inflexed at the top (f. Ol. /'.). Capsule 1 -celled, 3- valved, many-seeded (f. G 1-. /iT.) ; seeds fixed to the middle of the valves. Brandied shrubs with reddish bark, about G feet high. Leaves simple, alternate, serrated, deciduous, feather-nerved ; stipulas small. Pediuicles solitary, 1-flowered, axillary, brac- teate. This is an intermediate genus between A'oisettia and I tola, diflering from both in the form of the calyx. 1 S. Fi.oRinu'sDA (St. Mil. mem. nius. 11. p. 4.)G. t. 22. b.) leaves ovate-oblong, tapering to both ends, acute, and acutely serrate-toothed ; peduncles axillary. I7 . S. Native of Brasil on mountains near Hio Janeiro. Flowers white ; lower petal cu- neated, streaked with yellow and red at the base. Glossarrhen floriliundus. Mart. fl. bras. 1 . p. 22. t. 15.' Dundle-JloKcrcil Tongue-violet. pjQ g^ Fl. Sept. Oct. Sh. 4-5 feet. 2 S. I'AlcirLORA (Mart. H. bras. 1. p. 23. act. bonn. 12. j). 18. imder Glossarhen) leaves tapering much to the base, obovately-si)atidate, ob- tuse, crenately serrulated ; pediui- cles axillary. I; . S. Native of Brasil in the province of Bahia in shady stony places at the river Atahype. Flowers white (f. G4.). Fcn-flonered Tongue-violet. Fl. Dec. 'Sii. 4 to 6 feet. Cull. These beautiful shrubs will thrive in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat, and young cuttings will strike root readily if planted in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. IV. VrOLA (lor, ion, a violet, in Greek. The ancients feigned that violets were the first food of the cow lo, one of Ju- ))iter's mistresses). Tourn. inst. 419. t. 236. D. C. prod. 1. p. 291. Viola, spec. Lin. LiN. svsT. I'lntdndi'ta, Monogynia. Sepals unequal, all more or less drawn out downwards into ear-like appendages, (jiroduced from tlie dilatation of the nerves,) erect after flowering. l\tals uneipial, convolute in a-'stivation, with 3-ncrved claws, lower one drawn out downwards, more or less into a hollow spur. Stamens approximate or coarctate (not joined) inserted on the top of the teeth of a pentagonal, 5-toothed torus. F'ilaments dilated at the base, oblong, or triangidar, bearing the anthers low down ; lobes of anthirs s|)reading at the base; the 2 ante- rior stamens bearing on their back 2 nectariferous, filiform ap- pendages of various shapes, which are drawn in within the sjuir. Ovary sometimes superior, sometimes girded round at the base by a concave torus, and therefore in tliis case appears half inferior. Valves of c.i))side elastic, eontraeling at maturity and ejecting the seeds. Seeds horizontal, manifestly caruncnlate, more or less egg-shaped and shining. I'-mbryo oblong; radicle rather terete ; cotyledons usually oblong-orbicular, flattish, scarcely longer than the radicle. Fleginit, low herbs, for the most part perennial, rarely annual, souu-times with a very short or subterraneous stem, these are called steuiless, sometimes caulescent, rarely shrubby. Leaves alternate, marcescent. Peduncles solitary, axillary 1-flowered, furnished with 2 little bracteas, not jointed, reflexed at the top. Flowers drooj)ing. Seminal leaves oblong or ov.ite, stalked ; primordial leaves oppo- site, rarely meeting together. The roots of all the species act as emetics, some are used as a substitute for ipecacuanha, and it has been ascertained by analysis tliat they contain the saine principle. In medicine the flowers of violets act as a laxative, and the syruj) is used by chemists to detect an acid or an alkali ; for this purpose the / . odort'ita is cidtivated to some extent at Stratford u|)on .\von. We have In re followed M. Gingins in the arrangement of the species according to the form of the stigmas, but whether this character has been sufliciently ascertained in all the species we are not at present able to say. Sect. I. Nomi'niim (a name applied by old authors to some kinds of violets). Ging. mss. D. C. prod. l.p. 291. .Stigma beaked, with a little chink or hole situated on the apex of the beak, which is more or less recurved, sometimes marginated below, hence flattish and oblique, sometimes without the mar- gin, and thence rather convex below. Style tapering from the top to the base. Stamens oblong, approximate. Torus flattish. Capsules usually .'S-sided. Seeds 15-27. Seminal leaves usually obovate or oblong. § 1 . Slignias depressed at the top, ur marginated in the orb helon. Slemless herbs. • Roots ( Rhizomns ? ) toothed, more or less Jleshy, usually oblique. ■\ Leaves pedale, or lobed. 1 V. peda'ta (Lin. spec. 1323.) stigma large, compressed at the sides, obliquely truncate at the to]), ami perforated, with a very short beak ; leaves fidl of pellucid dots, pedately many- parted ; segments linear-lanceolate, variously lobed ; stipulas pectinalely jagged, adhering a considerable way ; petals all smooth, superior one truncate ; sepals lanceolate, acute, ciliated, emarginate behind. 1£.. II. Native from New England to Ca- rolina, on drv sandy hills and in fields. Curt. hot. mag. 89. Andr. hot. rep. t. 153. Flowers large, beautiful blue, w:ith a white base. Far. a, lincariloba (D. C. prod. 1. p. 291.) leaves pedately 5-7 parted ; ])artitions multifid ; lobes linear-lanceolate, entire, ciliated. Curt. hot. mag. t. 89. Sweet, fl. gard. t. G9. Flowers pale blue. Native of Virginia. Jar. /■!, ranunculifolia (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves deeply lobed. V. ranunculifolia, I'oir. diet. 8. p. G2G ? Flowers whitish ? Perhaps the same as the following. /'(v/o/t'-leaved Violet. Fl. May, June. CIt. 1759. PI. | ft. 2 V. srPTENLoiiA (Le Conte in ann. lye. new york, 2. p. 141.) quite smooth, shiniuj"' ; leaves rather succident, ovate, cor- date, toothed, lower ones entire, the rest pedately 7-lobed ; middle lobe large ; peduncles somewhat tetragonal, longer than the leaves ; se))als lanceolate, entire beliind ; ]»etals all entire, u|)per one large, villous at tlie base, 2 lateral ones densely bearded. 1/. II. Native of North America in Carolina and Georgia, in pine-woods. Flowers large, 2 inches in diameter, blue, but white at the base, and marked with darker lines. This plant comes very near in habit to /'. pedala, but is much stronger, and is more worthy of that name than the ])lant that bears it. I'ar. ji, albi/lora (JjC Conte, 1. c.) flowers white. .SVirn-/o6t'(/-leaved Violet. Fl. April, June. CIt. PI. J foot. 3 V. rEDATi'piDA ; leaves pedately 3-parted, middle partition trifid, lateral ones bifid, all lol>ed. Very like r. pcdata, but diflers in the two later.al ])etals being bearded. 2/. H. Native of North America. Flowers beautiful blue. y.f/n/jA'Meaved Violet. Fl. May, June. CIt. 1826. PI. i ft. 4 V. di(;ita"ta (Pursh. fl. amer. se])t. 1. p. 171.) leaves pal- mately 5-7-lobed, ta))ering into the ])eti()le behind ; lobes entire. 1^.11. Native of Virginia. I'lmvers ]>ale blue. Digitate-leased Violet. Fl. May. CIt. ? PI. \ foot. VIOLARIE/E. IV. Viola. 321 5 V. fl.vbeli.ifo'lia (Lodil. bot. cab. 7 77.) stiy;ma as in /'. pc- d(ilii ; style pubescent ; leaves pedately 5-7-parted ; partitions cuneated, cut ; stipulas jagged, adhering a considerable way ; petals smooth. V.H. Native of North America. V. pcdata, var. bicolor, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 171. V. atropurpurea, Rat", in litt. Flowers large, pale blue, ornamented with dark purple at the edge, and velvety at the bottom. Fan-lcavcd Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. PI. I foot. C V. palma'ta (Lin. spec. 13.'33.) nearly smooth, or some- times a little pubescent ; stigma capitate, recurved, beaked, de- pressed, marginate ; rhizoma fleshy, thick; leaves hastately-cord- ate, palmately-lobed ; lobes polymorphous (rarely luidivided) ; sepals ciliated, ovate-lanceolate, entire behind ; lateral petals bearded, with the claws of all keeled. 1^. II. Native of North America. Flowers blue. Jar. a, vulgaris (Elliot, sket. ]. p. 300.) outer lobes of leaves with small acute segments at the base. Far. [i,fragrans (Elliot,!, c.) leaves more dissected ; flowers fragrant. Native near Savannah. Var, y, dilatata (Elliot, 1. e.) pubescent ; leaves profoundly dissected. Common in Carolina and Upper Georgia. This is the type of the species, according to Schwein. Var, i, variegata ; leaves of 2 formes, later ones 3-lobed ; lateral lobes deeply lobed, middle lobe large and not so deeply lobed as the lateral ones ; flowers variegated with blue and white. 1/ . H. Native of North America. Sepals not ciliated. Palmatc-\ca.\eA Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1752. PI. I foot. 7 V. HETERorny'LLA (Muhl. cat. ex Le Conte in ann. lye. new york, 2. p. 139.) smooth ; leaves cordate, elongated-ovate, rat!;er acute, crenate-toolhed, entire, and somewhat palniately 5- lobed, with the intermediate lobe much larger and broader than the rest ; peduncles somewhat tetragonal, longer than the leaves ; sepals awl-shaped, emarginate behind ; petals all entire, veined, white at the base, superior petal villous at the base, lateral ones bearded, and with the inferior one marked with a few blue lines. % . H. Native of North America in Georgia and Carolina, in humid places and in rice grounds . V. palmata var. hetero- phylla, Elliot, D. C. Leaves esculent and mucilaginous. Var. p, alhijlora (Le Conte, 1. c.) flowers white ; leaves entire, but when in flower a little lobed. Leaves esculent and mucila- ginous, which is the case with most of the violets of this section. Various-leaved Violet. Fl. April, May. Clt. ? PI. i foot. 8 V. conge'ner (Le Conte in ann. lye. new york, 2. p. 140.) always villous ; leaves broad-ovate, cordate, rather kid- ney-shaped, deeply crenate-toothed, so as to appear lobed; pe- tioles very villous ; peduncles somewhat tetragonal, shorter than the leaves ; sepals ciliated, ovate, obtuse, entire behind ; petals all entire, veined, white at the base, upper petal nar- rowest, sometimes rather villous at the base ; lateral ones densely bearded, and with the inferior one marked with a few blue lines. If.. H. Native of North America along with V. palmata, but is easily distinguished at first sight by the yellowish-green colour of its leaves. Flowers blue, white at base, or of a deep- violet. Perhaps the same as the following. Congener^ Violet. Fl. March, July. Clt. PI. 4 foot. 9 V. TRi LOBA (Schwein. amer. journ. 5. no. 1.) stigma capi- tate, recurved, beaked, depressed ; rhizoma fleshy, thick ; leaves smooth, of two forms, some of them nearly kidney-shaped, others 3-lobed; lateral lobes small, sub-divided. 1/ . H. Native of Carolina, in fertile woods and meadows. Flowers deep blue. V. palmata, var. triloba, Ging. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 292. Three-lubed-\esi\eCL Violet. Fl. April, June. PI. J foot. f f Leaves cordate, entire. 10 V. AsAiiiroLiA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 732. not of VOL. I. PART. IV. Muhl.)sti'j:ma globose, not marginate ; rhizoma very thick, coral- formed ; leaves large, cordately kidney-shaped, uiidix ided, cre- nately-toothed, pubescent ; lateral petals bearded ; pedicels shorter than the leaves. %. H. Native from Virginia to North Caro- lina, in low, rich woods and meadows. Flowers blue. A sarabacca-leaved \'\o\ei. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1820. Pi. i ft. 1 1 V. PAPiLioNA^CEA (Pursli. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 173.) stigma triangular, marginate ; rhizoma fleshy, thickisli ; leaves triangu- larly-cordate, acute, crenated, rather cucullate, smoothish ;" 3 lower petals connivent, bearded beneath the middle, 2 upper ones reflexed. %. H. Native of North Carolina, and near Philadelphia, in humid places. Room, et Schult. syst. 5. p. 356. V. barbata, Willd. MSS. ? Flowers blue, striated, and bearded with yellow down. Var. a, sepals acuminated ; leaves triangularly-cordate, acu- minated. Var. ft ? sepals ovate ; leaves cordate, acutish. Butterfly Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1800. PI. | foot. 12 V. AFFfNis (Le Conte in ann. lye. new york, 2. p. 138.) plant smooth ; leaves ovate, cordate, rather acuminated, crenate- toothed ; peduncles somewhat tetragonal, shorter than the leaves ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, either entire or emarginate behind, rather blunt ; petals entire, veiny, 2 lateral ones bearded, 11. H. Native of Nortii America. V. cucullata, Schweinitz and Torrey. V. sororia, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 173. V. papilionacea var. ft, D. C. prod. 1. p. 292. Flowers blue, white at the bottom, upper petal villous as well as the rest, lateral ones bearded, lower one marked with a few blue lines. Neighbouring Violet. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1802. PI. § ft. 13 V. cuculla'ta (Ait. hort. kevv. 3. p. 288.) stigma trian- gular, marginated; rhizoma fleshy, thick ; leaves smooth, cordate, acute, serrated, cucullate at the base ; peduncles longer than the petioles ; limb of lower petal narrow, beardless, with the 2 la- teral ones bearded, all obliquely twisted ; claws of all keeled. % . H. Native of North America, in wet places, common. Flowers blue, white at the base. Sims, bot. mag. 1795. V. obliqua, Pio. diss. p. 12. t. 3. f. 1. V. cucullita, ft, glaberrima, D. C. prod. 1. p. 292. Sepals subulate, emarginate behind. Var. ft, hispidula (D. C. prod. I. c.) leaves with a short acu- men, rather hispid on the upper surface. Flowers blue? Var. y, cordij'unnis (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves cordate, hardly acuminate, rather hispid on the upper surface ; rhizoma perpen- dicular, blackish. Perhaps a species. //oor/erf-leaved Violet. Fl. April, Ju. Clt. 17G2. PI. i to | ft. 14 V. imbe'rbis (Ledeb. fl. alt. I. p. 257. icon. fl. pi. ross. alt. ill. t. 236.) stemless ; leaves cordate, acute, serrated, rather pilose ; peduncles length of leaves, furnished with bracteas in the middle ; sepals lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated at the base ; petals oblong, obtuse, beardless ; spur elongated, blunt, a little incurved. % . H. Native of Siberia Altaica. Flowers viola- ceous. Like V. macruceras, but the petals are not bearded. .fiearrf/cw-petalled Violet. Fl. April, May. PI. i foot. 15 V. obli'qua (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 288.) stigma triangular, marginated ; rhizoma fleshy, thick ; leaves smooth, cordate, acute, crenately-serrated, flattish; flowers erect; peduncles length of leaves ; petals obliquely twisted ; lateral ones very narrow, and longer than the rest, bearded beneath the middle. T}.. H. Native from Pennsylvania to Virginia, in wet shady places. Flow- ers white, with purple and yellow veins. Viola cordata, Walt, car. 219. ? OW/ry»c-petallcd Violet. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1762. Pl.|ft. • * Boots ivrinklcd, more or less ligneous, and branched. t Leaves pinnate, or lobed. 16 V. pinna'ta Lin. spec. 1323.) stigma triangular, emar- T t :i-22 VIOLARIE.i:. IV. Viola. ginatfd ; root diviileil, rather woody ; leaves pinnati'ly maiiy- partcil ; partitions niany-lohed ; sepals ovate ; ~ lateral petals Ixardeil ; seeds turbinate, foveolate at the base, reddish, i;. H. riowers pale blue, with darker veins. This species is smaller than /'. piiltjia ; leaves generally as deeply divided into about .j segments, which are either 3-cleft or pinnatifid, as well as jagged, and very narrow. rar. a, Sibiricti, (D. C. prod. 1. p. 293.) leaves pinnate- parted ; partitions pinnatilid, densely ciliated ; capsules more acute, and the seeds are smaller than in Var. ji. Native of Siberia. Gmel. sib. 4. p. 101. t. IS. f. t. I'ar. /3, Eurupcea (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves pinnatifid ; fissures many-lobed, remotely ciliated ; capsules obtuse ; seeds large. Native of the mountains of Switzerland and Savoy. All. mis- cell, taur. a. p. 181. t. 5. f. 2. Hall, hist. no. oGl". PiHHa^-leaved Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1752. PI. ^t. 17 V. uisse'cta (Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 2j5. icon. pi. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 23.'.) stemless ; leaves 3-parted ; segments multifid, toothed, smooth ; sepals ovate-laneeolate, acute, rather shorter than the spur ; 2 lateral petals bearded. % . H. Native on the Altaian mountains, about Barnaoid, and elsewhere. V. multi- fida,\Villd. berb. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 101. no. GG. Flowers largeish, violet. Root (rhizonia ?) horizontal, branched. /)kwc/c£/-leaved Violet. Fl. May. PI. | foot. 18 V. dactyloi'des (Rccm. et.Seludt. syst. 5. p. 351.) stigma marginated; root divided, bard; leaves palmately 5-7-cleft ; leaflets ol)long- lanceolate, grossly serrated, imdersurlace villous ; sepals ovate ; 2 lateral petals bearded, l/.ll. Native of birch forests about Irkoutck and Nertschinsk-Sawod. V. palmata, Patrin. herb. Gmel. sib. 4. p. 100. t. 49. f 3. Flowers pale blue, with darker veins. /■'i;!iftT-^rn.si-lcaved Violet. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1820. PI. 4 to 4 foot. t t Leaves ovatc-coTilale, or lanceolate. 19 V. variega'ta (Fisch. in litt. et D. C". prod. 1. p. 293.) style marginated ; root sub-divided, hardish ; leaves ovate- cordate, or roundish ; capsules obtuse ; seeds ovoid, reddish. % . H. Native of Dahuria. V. macidata, Patrin. herb, but not of Cav. Stipulas lanceolate, ^-adhering, denticulated. Leaves viidaceous on the under surface, obscurely green on the upper surface, white at tlie veins, and rather hispid. Spur cy- lindric.'d, straight, length of sepals. In fruit-bearing plants the leaves are large, roundish, almost glabrous. Flowers pale violet, very like those of V. pinnala. Capsules obovate-trigoual. rar;f^'nT at length closed, under surface glabrous ; stipidas subulate-lan- ceolate ; sepals oblong, narrow, obtuse ; 2 lateral petals bearded and striated; spur almost obliterated. 1/. H. Native near l'hiladcli)liia, on the shady banks of Wishahikon-creek, always inulir the sluide of A'hics Canadensis \ it has been found in simi- lar situations in North Carolina. The flowers are of a p.ile yellow, and apjjear before the complete expansion of the leaves upon short peduncles; the 2 lateral petals are a little bearded, and striated with .'J stripes ujwn each, tlie uppermost one inter- rupted by a line of pubescence, the lowest j)etal very small, and also striated ; the stripes are bilid, and crossed by two callous converging lines near the base. far. li, pallcHS (Banks, herb, et D. C. prod. 1. p. 295.) gla- brous ; sepals acuminated. 2/ . H. Native of Labrador and Kanitschatka. Perhaps the same as var. a ! or perhaps a distinct species. Round-havvd Violet. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1800. PI. ^ foot. 40 V. clandesti'na (Pursh. fl. anier sept. 1. p. 173.) stigma niarginate ? roots jointed, scaly ; leaves almost orl)icular, blunt- ish, crenate-serrated, these serratures arc glandular ; pedimcles branched, 2->S-flowered ; petals linear, scarcely longer than tlie calyx. 1/ . H. Native on the high mountains of Pennsylvania, in shady beech-woods, among rotten wood, and rich vegetable mould. This singular species differs from all the rest, in produc- ing its flowers as it were under-ground, as they always are covered with rotien wood or leaves; they are of a chocolate brown, very small ; the seed-vessel buries itself still deeper in the ground, and is large in proportion to the jjlant. The iniiabitants know- it by the name of J/tal-all, being used by them in curing all kinds of wounds or sores. Pursh. According to Bigelow, the flowers are at first large yellow, but when the leaves become stately, or at a later period of growth, it produces small incon- spicuous greenish flowers, and creeping stolons. Claytdcsline XuAcl. 1-1. .)une, Sept. Clt. 1800. PI. | foot. 41 V. vii.i.o"sA (Walt. fl. carol. p.212.)pubescent ; stigma not margined all round, beaked ; trunk of root oblique, wrinkled ; haves roundish-cordate, crenate-serrated, jjubescent on both sur- faces ; sepals oblong ; stipulas lanceolate, toothed ; lower petal beardless, 2 lateral ones bean'ed ; capsules smoothish. i; . H. Native of North America, on shady hills. Schwein. anier.journ. 5. no. 1 . spec. i*. Flowers blue, elegantly striped and bearded with yellow down. Leaves purplish beneath, lying on the ground. I illuus Violet. Fl. June, Jidy ? PI. 4 foot. 42 V. i-kcontea'na ; smooth ; leaves ovate, acuminated, crenated, sometimes rather villous above ; petioles long, spotted with red ; pedimcles somewhat tetragonal, e(iual with or higher llian the leaves, spotted ; flowers sweet-scented ; sepals lanceo- late ; petals all entire, green at the base, lateral ones sometimes rather ]>ubescent at tlie base. 7/. H. Native of North Ame- rica in humid w oods, in the slate of New York and New Jersey, and from Penns\lvania to Virginia. V. oblupia, Pursh. fl. amcr. sept. 1. p. 172.' V. amcr'na, Le Coiite, ami. lye. new york, 2. p. 111. Flowers white, with purple and yellow- veins. Ac Cnnlc's Violet. Fl. April, May. Clt. PI. \ foot. 43 V. soROKiA (Willd. hort. berl. 1. t. 72.) stigma depressed, not margined all round, beaked ; leaves orbicularly-cordate, crenate-serrate, under surface glabrous, usually violaceous, up- per surface villous ; stipulas minute, awl-shaped ; petals oblong, lower and 2 lateral ones bearded. 1/. H. Native of Penn- sylvania, &c. in overflowed meadows. V. cordifolia, Schwein and Torrey. V. villosa, Nutt. gen. 1. p. 148. Flower reddish- blue, white at the ba.sc. Petioles and scapes hairy. I'ar. ji, Nuttdtlii ; petals obovate ; leaves thickish, cordate, acutish, lying on the ground ; sepals sliort and narrow, smooth. %. H. Native in woods on the banks of .Schuylkill, near Philadelphia. Peduncles longer than the leaves. V. villosa (i, cordifolia, Nutt. gen. 1. p. 148. *iWr Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1802. PI. i foot. 44 V. cokda'ta (Walt. car. p. 219.) stigma? Leaves bro.id- cordate, acute, crenated, smooth ; peduncles very long ; sej>als acute; lateral petals bearded. %.H. Native of North America. Flowers blue ? C'orrfrt/e-leaved Violet. PI. \ foot. 45 V. a'speba (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 295.) rather hispid ; stigina recurved, with a shortish beak, somewhat de- pressed at the top, naked ; leaves profoundly cordate, crcnate, pubescent, longer than the scapes ; sepals linear, obtuse, hairy ; stipulas setosely jagged ; petals oval, 2 lateral ones much bearded ; nectaries conical, falcate. 1/ . F. Native of Upper Nipaul. Very like /'. h'lrla, but differing in the form of the stigma. Flowers cream-coloured or almost white. A dwarf tufted herb. Rwiih Violet. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1821. PI. J foot. 4C) V. SERPENS (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 449.) smoothish ; stigina marginate ? stems slender ; leaves profoundly-cordate ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; stipulas lanceolate, toothed ; flowers minute ; 2 lateral petals bearded in the middle ; spur short, very blimt. 1/. F. Native of Nipaul. Perhaps the same as /'. rej)cns. Buclian in herb. Lamb. ? F'lowers white, with a feeble blue tinge, scentless. Creeping Violet. Fl. April, June ? PI. -J foot. 5 2. Stigmas convejc, immarginatc helon'. * Capsules turgid-roundish. Stems almost yvanting. 47 V. Jai'o'nica (Langsdorft', ex Fisch. in litt.) glabrous; leaves cordate; stipulas linear-lanceolate, jagged ; sepals lan- ceolate, acute ; spur thick, obtuse, straight, one half shorter than the petals. ^.H. Native of Japan near Nagasaki. V. odorata, Tliunb. fl. jap. 320 ? F'lowers blue. Japan Violet. Fl. Ap. Jul. Clt. 1818. PI. 4 to .■ foot. 48 V. cane'sceks (W.all. fl. ind. 2. p. 450.) plant' stemless, clothed with glaucous pubescence ; leaves cordately-reniform, obtuse, stipulas fringed with long ciliae ; peduncles erect, longer than the leaves ; sepals linear, acute ; petals thrice as long as the calyx, the upper two wedge-shaped and puberulous at tlie base, two lateral ones rather narrower and bearded at the base, y. .F. Native in Nijiaul on Mount Nag-Urjoon. Flowers small, scentless, pale violet. .Style flattish. Canesccnl Violet. Fl. March, April. PI. ^ foot. 49 V. ui'rta (Lin. spec. 1324.) pKint villous or pubescent ; stigma hooked, acute, naked ; leaves cordate ; sepals ovale, obtuse, with ciliated margins ; stipulas with glandular teeth ; 2 later.'d petals bearded along the middle ; spur somewhat coni- cal ; nectaries glabrous ; cajisules turgid, hairy ; seeds turgid, brown. l/.II. Native almost throughout the whole of Furope in groves and thickets. In England in Oxford.shire, Cambridge- shire, Fssex, and Kent ; at Marhani, Norfolk ; near Bury, .Suf- folk ; on .St. Vincent's Rocks, Bristol, on a chalky or limestone soil. Smith, cngl. hot. t. 894. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 1 . t. 64. Fl. dan. t. G18. Flowers light greyish-blue, streaked with black, scentless. Scapes taller tli.m the Icives, furnished with 2 narrow ojiposite bracteas lielow the middle. Stolons short, not rooting. This plant varies much in habit as well as in the shape of the leaves according to soil and situation. Jar, ji, aljihia (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves broad-cordate, with a VIOLARIE.'E. IV. Viola. 32.5 sliort acumen ; violaceous bene.ith ttie footstalks. l^.H. Na- tive in the Alps of Savoy at St. Bernard. There is a variety with the sinus more or less cut, and with the footstalks more or less dilated at the apex. J ar. y, alba (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves cordate, very minute ; flowers white ; spur lilac. 1/ . H. Native on dry meadows. Seeds turgid, brown. Later leaves largest. Var. I, scabra (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves acuminated ; sepals acute, ex Braiui. 1^ . H. Native about Salzburg. V. scabra, Braun. in flora, 1820. p. 469. Hairy Yioht. Fl. April, May. Britain. PL | to i foot. 50 V. ambi'gua (Walds. et Kit. Inmg. 2. p. 190.) stoloni- ferous leaves smooth, oblong-cordate ; lobes inflexed, cucuUate ; sepals obtuse ; 2 lateral petals bearded, "if. . H. Native of Hungary and Germany. Flowers blueish. Petioles winged. j-tmbigituiis Violet. Fl. April, June. PL creeping. 51 V. campe'stris (Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 171.) stigma hooked, naked ; leaves cordate, oblong, hairy ; 2 lateral petals bearded in the middle; stolons none. l/.H. Native of Tauria and Iberia in meadows and fields. V. hirta, Pall. ined. Perhaps the same as /'. Pi/remaca and /'. co/lhia. Besser, cat. hort. creni. anno. 1816. p. 151. Very like V. hirta, but the leaves are narrower, less hairy, and on shorter petioles. Flowers truly sweet-scented, pale-purple. V. hirta ft, fragrans, D. C. prod, l.p. 295. Sepals obtuse. Root perpendicular. Field Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. PL i foot. 52 V. Pyreni' aca (Ramond, in D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 803.) stigma hooked, naked ; leaves broad, somewhat cordate ; footstalks dilated at the apex ; sepals ovate, obtuse. 1^ . H. Native of the Pyrenees on rocks. Flowers blue, sweet-scented. This is not a variety of I', palustris nor of V. canhia, but probably the same as V. hirta, var. aljnna ? Seeds unknown. Pijrcnean V'\o\et. Fl. April, Jime. Clt. 1817. PL | foot. 53 V. hu\milis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 369. t. 492. f. 1.) very smooth ; leaves roimdish-ovate, obtuse, rounded at the base, truly cordate ; stipulas dentately ciliated at the apex ; calyxes acutish ; stigma hooked, acute ; petals all smooth ; ovary smooth ; spur short, rounded, spreading, with the appendages roimded at the apex, one half shorter than the cells of anthers. 1^. F. Native of Mexico near Real del Monte, at the height of 3218 feet. Flowers white, with yellow veins. Z»Hfl)/ Violet. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1824. PL i foot. 54 V. HooKERiANA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 369. t. 492. f. 2.) very smooth ; leaves kidnej-shaped, pro- foundly cordate ; stipulas dentately-ciliated ; calyxes acute ; stigma hooked, truncate at the apex ; petals all smooth ; ovary smooth ; spur short, rounded, with the appendages rounded at the apex, one half shorter than the cells of anthers. %. F. Gathered along with J', htimilis. Flowers violaceous. Hooker's Violet. PL i foot. 55 V. odora'ta (Lin. spec. 1324.) stigma hooked, naked; leaves roundish-cordate, crenate, smoothish ; sepals ovate, ob- tuse ; 2 lateral petals with a hairy line ; spur very blunt ; cap- sules turgid, hairy ; seeds turbinate, whitish ; stolons long, creeping, and rooting. "J/.H. Native in groves and hedges almost throughout the whole of Europe, and in Siberia, China, and Japan ? In Britain frequent. Smith, engl. bot. t. 894. Curt, fl. lond. fasc. 1. t. 63. Fl. dan. t. 309. Sturn. deutch. fl. icon, good. Flowers sweet-scented, resembling that of orise-rout or Mignonette. ^I. Boullay has discovered Violtne, which exists in all parts of the plant. It is an alkaline substance, and forms salts by its luiion with acids ; it is soluble in alcohol, but hardly so in water. It is procured in the form of yellow powder. This substance is very active and poisonous according to M. Orfila. far. a, vulgaris (D. C. prod. 1. p. 296.) flowers dcep-piir- ))lish-l)lue, pale and streaked in the mouth. The flowers of this plant impart their colour and flavour to aqueous li(|uors ; a syrup made from the infusion has long had a place in the shops, and is said to lie an agreeable and useful laxative for children, but it is chiefly valued as a delicate test of the presence of un- combined acids or alkalies, the former changing its blue to a red, and the latter to a green. There can be no doubt but this is the an' TTop'pvpi.o)' of Dioscorides, who speaks of the ivy-like leaves and very sweet-scented purple flowers, which he recom- mends for sore throats and for children in the falling sickness. far. ft, ccerulea {Sweet, hort. brit. p. 37.) flowers blue. Jar. y, purpiireo-plena (Sweet, 1. c.) flowers double, purple. Jar. c, Cicrulco-pleiia (Sweet, 1. c.) flowers double, blue. I ar. £, p/ilUdo-pleiia (Sweet, 1. c.) flowers double, pale-blue. This variety is commonly called A'^foy)o/(7((« flulet in gardens. I'ar. ^, alba (D. C. prod. 1 . p. 296.) flowers white. Plentiful about Dorking in Surrey, in hedges. V. alba, Bess. fl. gall. 1 . p. 171. This is probably a distinct species. I ar. 1], albo-plina (Sweet, 1. c.) flowers double, white. Jar. I, rariegata (D. C. prod. 1. c.) flowers variegated, Touni. inst. 419. J ar. X, corniita; all the petals horned, like that of Linaria pi- lar ia. Sweet-scented Violet. Fl. Mar. May. Brit. PL J ft. trailing. 56 V. sua' VIS (Bieb. suppl. p. 162.) stigma hooked, naked; leaves reniform-cordate, crenate, pubescent ; sepals obtuse ; 4 upper petals narrowest, lower one emarginate, 2 lateral ones with a hairy line ; stolons long, creeping, and rooting, "il . H. Native of Tauria. Flowers pale-blue, white at the base, sweet- scented. Sn'eet Yioht. Fl. Mar. May. Clt. 1820. PL i foot. • * Capsules oblong, trigonal. Perhaps the 2 lateral p)etals of all are bearded. ■j- Stems herbaceous, 57 V. Kroke'ri (Gmel. syst. 412.) stigma hooked; stem procimibent ; leaves cordately kidney-shaped, bluntish ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; capsule trigonal, pidjesccnt. IJ. H. Native of Bohemia. V. purpurascens, Schm. fl. boh. 1. cent. 3. p. 49. t. 3 11 . Flowers purplish. Kroker s Wo\et. FL May, June. Clt. 1820. PL prociniibent. 58 V. uLiGiNo'sA (Bess. prim. fl. gall. 169.) stigma somewhat reflexed, naked ; stems stoloniferous, and are as well as the foot- stalks glabrous ; leaves ovate, obtuse, somewhat cordate at the base; spur short, conical; sepals obtuse. If.. H. Native of Parma, also of Carniolia, Carinthia, Lusatia in bogs. V. uligi- nosa, Schrad. in Roem. et Schult. syst. p. 357. ; but this plant is said by Link to be without runners. Perhaps F. scaturiginbsa, Wallr. sched. 1. p. 97.? Flower purplish. Petals naked. Swamp Violet. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. PL | foot. 59 V. Langsdo'rffii (Fiscli. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 296.) stigma marginate ? somewhat reflexed, obtuse ; stems at length elongated, with the base oblique ; leaves roundish-cordate, smoothish; stipidas ovate, setaceouslyacimiinated, and with bristly teeth at the base ; sepals ovate, rather acute ; limb of lower petal somewhat rhomboidal ; spur broadly saccate, very blunt. %. H. Native of the island of Unalaschka. Flowers blue. Tflr. a , almost stemless ; capsules oblong-trigonal, obtuse ; seeds large, somewhat pear-shaped, brown. V. odorata, var. in herb. Banks. Var. ft ; caulescent? V. peduncularis, Langsdorff ex Fiscli. in litt. Langsdorff' s Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PL ^ foot 60 V. mira'bilis (Lin. spec. 1326.) stigma somewhat re- flexed, naked ; stems rigid and are as well as footstalks villous ; 326 VIOLARIE.T:. IV. Viola. leaves smootl), cordatelykidney-slmpcd, acuminntcd, crcnatc; -sti- j)ulas awl-shaped, entire ; a large sepals, oblong-acuniiiiate ; spur cylindrical, obtuse, long ; valves of capsvde very much i)oinied ; seeds pear-shaped, brown. '2^. H. Native of woods and bushy places of mountains nearly throughout the whole of the tempe- rate and colder parts of Luropc, ))articularlyGcrniany and Sweden, also of Siberia. Flowers jjale blue ; the lower petal streaked with violaceous veins. 'I'he specific name alludes to the fruit being produced by apparently imperfect flowers, but this occurs in several other species of I'iolel. I'ar. a, cnulesccns (D. C. prod. 1. p. 297.) radical flowers corollate, usually abortive, ca\iline ones petalless, bearing seeds. .Iac(|. fl. aust. l". |). 19. Dill. elth. 108. t. 303. f. 390. I'ar. /9, acai'ilis (D. C. prod. 1. c.) peduncles all radical, Gmel. fl. bad. '.i. p. 519. in obs. Wonderful Violet. Fl. July, August. CIt. 1 73i2. PI. 1 to 1 j foot. Gl V. Magella'nica (Forst. in comm. Goctt. 9. p. 11. t. 8.) ^tignla ? stem very short ; leaves kidney-shaped, hairy ; stipulas lanceolate, acute, entire ; sepals ovate-lancoolate, acuminated ; spur saccate. 1/ . F. Native of the Straits of Magellan. Flowers large, yellow, streaked with brown veins. Petals smooth on the inside, or the 2 lateral ones are bearded. Spur short, blunt. Magctlnn Violet. PI. ^ foot. 62 V. MAci-tA TA (Cav. icon. 6. p. 20. t. 5.39.) stigma rather flat at the apex ; stem short ; leaves ovate, crenate, smooth, s])otted beneath ; stipulas ovate, fringed ; sepals lanceolate, acuminated ; stamens cmarginatc at the apex ; spur short, ob- tuse. %. F. Native of Chili as well as of the Straits of Ma- gellan. Petals much bearded on the inside with clubbed jiili, the large petal obcordate, streaked with red lines. Flowers yellow. In the specimens we have seen the leaves are cordate and the 2 lateral petals bearded. lar. ft, megapliijlla (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 297.) trunk of root long, terete ; leaves elliptical or roundish-ovate. 1/ . F. Native in woods at Duclos Bay, in the Straits of Magellan. V. pyrol.x"f61ia, var. o, Poir. diet. 8. p G.'iC), exclusive of the country. V. glandulosa, Dombey. herb. V. li"ltea megaphyllos, Commers. Spotlcd-haved Violet. PI. f foot. C3 V. MiCKOPUv'i.tA (Poir. diet. 8. p. G3G.) stigma rather flat at the ajiex ; stem none ; trunk of root very short ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, cronulated, thickish, pubescent ; petioles stipu- late at the base ; scape fililbrm, exceeding the leaves ; sepals acute; lateral petals bearded; spur obtuse. %. F. Native of Patagonia on hills about Boucault Bay. V. pyrolaefolia, Poir. diet. I. c. V. lutea microphyllos, Commers. herb. Flowers yellow. Siiiall-lcavcd Violet. PI. ^ foot. 64 V. Commerso'nh (I). C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 297.) stig- ma— ? stem very short; stipidas broad-ovate, entire? sepals oblong-lanccolate, bluntish. 1/ . F. Native on the higher mountains in the Straits of Magellan, above F'ort Gallant. Flowers white. Lateral petals bearded ? Commcrson's Violet. PI. ^ foot. 65 V, ua'dicans (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 297.) trunk of root horizontal, fibry ; stigma marginatc, short-beaked ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, tapering abruptly at the base or somewhat cordate, serrated ; stipulas linear, awl-shaped, with bristly ser- ratures ; sepals linear, acute; flower.s minute; petals beardless? lower one smaller ; spur almost none. %. H. Native of South Carolina. Flowers yellowish ? or blue. Rooting Viok'U Fl. Ju. .luly. Clt. 1823. PI. ^ foot. 66 V. cr.ANnui.ii ERA (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 452.) stigma — ? stems erect, very slender ; leaves broad, kidney-shaped, toothed, hairy, dotted with glands underneath, the lower ones shorter than the petioles, the ujipermost much longer ; peduncles .nxil- lary, as long or longer than the footstalks ; stiptdas ovate, entire, glandular; spur very short. 2/. II. Native of the frigiil re- gions of Gosaingsthan. Perhaps belonging to this section. Glaiid-bcnritift Violet. Fl. .Inly. PI. \ foot. 67 V. Ua.miltonia'na (D. Don. fl. nep. p. 206.) plant smooth ; stems creeping ; leaves kidney-shaped, crennlated ; sti- pulas lanceolate, acute, toothed ; peduncles hardly longer than the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; spur short ; throat bearded. H. F. Native in Nipaul. Perhaps belonging to this section. HamiUon's Violet. PI. \ foot. 68 V. arcva'ta (Blum, bijdr. ex. Schlecht. Llnniea. 1. p. 645.) stems decumbent, smooth ; leaves kidney-shajicd-orbicular, acutish, serrated, with the veins pubescent ; stipulas ovate-ob- long, ciliated, 3-ncrved, somewhat serrated at the base. 1i. S. Native of Java. Flowers blue ? Stigma unknown. Arched Violet. PI. decumbent. G9 V. iNcoNsri'euA (Blum. 1. c.) style incurved ; capsules el- li])tieally-trig()nal ; radical leaves hastatcly -cordate, crenulated, tapering a little into the petiole. 1/ . S. Native of Java. Per- haps this and the preceding belong to section Leptidium. Inconspicuous Violet. PI. \ foot. 70 V. stria'ta (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 3. p. 290.) stig- ma pajiillose, rather reflexed, with a bhintish beak ; stems branched, (lexuous ; leaves ovate-cordate, acuminated, smoothish ; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, dentately-jagged ; sepals ovate-lanceo- late, ciliated, emarginate behind ; capsidcs shortish, with rather obtuse valves, 3-7-sccded. Seeds roundish, rufous. 11. . H. Native in woods from Pennsylvania to Carolina. V. debilis, Mich, not ofPursli, many species are confused under V. striata. See Sehwcin. amer. journ. Flowers whitish streaked with pur- ple veins. Two lateral petals bearded. .S7rt-rt/,rr/-llowcred Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1772. PI. -J ft. 71 V. DiciioTOMA (Moc. et .Scsse, mex. ined. and I). C. prod. 1. p. 297.) stigma? stem diehotomous ; branches spread- ing ; leaves cordate ; stipulas oblong, setosely-jagged at the top ; sepals lanceolate, acute. 1^. G. Native of Mexico. Very nearly allied to /'. slrinla. Flower violaceous. V. peduncu- liita. Lamb. herl). y.'/cAo^ »HOH.v-branched Violet. PI. 1 foot. 72 V. oeiiR(>i.i;u'cA (Sclnvein. amer. journ. 1. c.) stigma tidiu- lar, curved a little, pul)escent on the summit, stems assurgent ; leaves cordate, acuminated, serrated, with the nerves rather pubescent on the under side ; stipidas oblong, large, remotely toothed ; sepals very narrow-lanceolate, acuminated ; flowers large ; lateral petals densely bearded ; spur long. 1/ . H. Na- tive of North America, along the river called Dam-river, and in the Saura mountains, but according to Pursh, from Pennsylvania to Virginia in shady woods. Flowers cream-coloured, with pur- ple veins. V. strii\ta, Pursh. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 174. Nutt. gen. 1. p. 150. Perhaps only a variety of /'. striiila. Crcnm-colourcd-flowered \'iolet. Fl. Mav.Jidy. Clt. 1772. PI. A foot. 7.'J V. Mihilenbergia'na (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 297.) stems flexuous, assurgent, simple ; leaves cordate-orbicu- lar, acuminated, crenated, smooth ; spur very short, obtuse, sti- pulas oblong, toothed ; se))als subulate : lateral petals bearded ; root fascicular. 1/. II. Native of Pennsylvania and New Jer- sey. V. uliginosa ex Muhl. cat. no. 18, not of Schrad. nor Bess. See Sehwein. 1. c. Perhaps a variety of /'. diclioloma. V. con- spcrsa, Keichb. Flowers blueish. Spur long, obtuse. Stigma beaked, ciliated below. Muhlenberg's Violet. Fl. May, Jul. Cltl ? Pit. | foot. 74 V. Lewisi.\'na (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 298.) stems decumbent, stoloniferous ; leaves kidney-shaped and cor- date ; stipidas large, ovate, very long and densely ciliated ; flowers small, lower petal very minute, equal with the lateral VIOLARIE.E. IV. Viola. 327 ones, which .ire furnisheil each with a white beard ; spur shortisli. If.. H. Native of North America, on rocks in tlie Saiira mountains. V. repens, Schwein. 1. c. Flowers crcam- colourcil. J^cnis's Violet. PI. ilecunibent. 7J V. Rivinia'na (Kchl). icon. t. 75. 94, 95.) stem erect, branched ; leaves profoundly cordate, ovate, crenated, pubes- cent above ; stipulas linear, fringed ; peduncles elongated ; supe- rior appendages of calyx angular, permanent ; capside acute. ■y.. H. Native of Eiu'ope in groves. This species differs from /. caiuiia in the stipulas being fuiely fringed and the leaves being profoundly cordate, as well as in tlie capsule being acute. Perhaps I. sylvestris of Kit. and V. cordata of Willd. are iden- tical with this species. Spur curved ? Rh-iimss Violet. Fl. April, Aug. PI. \ foot. 76 V. cANiNA (Lin. spec. 1324.) stigma papillose, somewhat reflexed ; adult stems ascending, branched, glabrous ; leaves ob- long, heart-shaped ; stipulas acuminated, serrated, or finely jag- ged ; bracteas awl-shaped, entire ; sepals awl-shaped ; peduncles glabrous ; capsules elongated, with acuminated valves ; seeds pear-shaped, brown. 1/ . H. Native in woods, hedges, thickets, and heathy grounds nearly throughout the whole of Europe, .Ja- pan, Persia, and the North-west coast of North America ; also in the Canary Islands ; common in Britain. Smith, eng. bot. t. 6'^0. Ciu-t. lond. fasc. 2. t. 61. fl. dan. t. 1453. V. sylvestris. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 6S0. V. neglecta, Schm. fl. boh. no. 1. p. 51. t. 313. but not of Bieb. There are many varieties of this plant differing in height and form of leaves. Flowers blue, with purple lines in the mouth, and a greenish, white, abrupt spur. 1 ar. /3, niiiior (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 617.) stem very short ; leaves kidney-heart-shaped, smoothish. 1/ . H. Native of the Pyrenees and Swiss Alps. J'ar. y, dlba (D. C. prod. 1. p. 298.) flowers white. %. H. Native of Britain. V. canina flore albo, Dill, in Ray's synops. 361? I ar. c, inacrantha (D. C. prod. 1. p. 298.) flowers twice or thrice larger than in the other varieties. lar. £ ? Japunica (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves scarcely cordate at the base. 1{..H. Native of Japan near Nagasaki. Bog Violet. Fl. Apr. Aug. Britain. PL ^ to i foot. 77 V. FLAVicoRNis (Smith, engl. fl. 1. p. 304.) stigma — ? stems ascending, woody, somewhat angular, much branched ; leaves cordate, coriaceous, smooth and even ; stipulas and brac- teas fringed ; sepals lanceolate ; peduncles erect; capsules shorter and rounder than in l'. canina. 1/ . H. Native of England in pastures, and on banks in a gravelly soil, about Mitcliam, Surrey, and Norwich. Dill, in Ray's synops. 364. t. 24. f. 1. Flowers half the size of F. canina, of a rather deeper blue, with a short, blunt, yellowfsh spur. Yellow-spurred Violet. Fl. May, Jun. England. PI. \ foot. 78 V. negle'cta (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 172.) stigma — ? stem erect, angular ; leaves cordate, smooth, with rather scabrous margins ; flowers all corollate ; stipulas toothed on one side only ; peduncles furnished with bracteas in the middle. % . H. Native ofTauria on the high mountains of Tschatiudag and Agudag, in woods. Larger than V. canina, and the flowers are constantly white. Neglected VioXct. Fl. May, June. Ch. 1817. PI. 1 foot. 79 V. EPi'psiLA (Ledeb. in Link, eniun. 1. p. 241.) stigma flat, with an incurved beak ; stem trailing ; leaves cordate-round- ish, sc ircely acuminated, glabrous ; segments of calyx obtuse, drawn out at the base into bearded auricles ; spur short, bkmt. 11 . H. Native of Siberia. Corolla pale blue, with the 2 lateral petals slightly bearded. The name is probably derived from ctti, upon, and ^IiXikoq, naked, lighlly armed, in allusion to the sepals being bearded. Hair y-sepallcd Violet, Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1822. PI. ^ foot. 80 V. PALiMARis (Hamilt. mss. ined. and D. C. prod. 1 p. 298. D.Don, prod. p. 205.) stigma — '! stems branched; branches weak, sarnientose ; leaves cordate, acuminated, cre- nated, rather pilose, on long petioles ; stipulas linear-lanceolate, somewhat serrated ; sepals lanceolate, acute, glabrous, bidentate at the base ; petals elliptical, puberulous above ; spur saccate. T(. . F. Native of Nipaul at Narainhetty, and near Bheempedi. Flowers yellow. Hand-high Violet. Fl. Apr. Dec. Clt. 1824. PI. ^ foot. 81 V. adu'nca (Saiith, in Rees' cycl.) stigma — ? stem sim- ple, ascending ; leaves somewhat heart-shaped, obtuse, erenate, downy, dotted ; stipulas fringed ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; nectaries hooked ; se])als much drawn out at the base ; spur long, recurved ; two lateral petals downy at the base. %. H. Native of North America on the west coast. Habit of F. canina, and the whole herb is minutely speckled like it, but is easily distinguished by the strongly recurved spur, as well as in the whole plant being more or less downy. Flowers blue f Hooked-s])v\rred Violet. PI. \ foot. 82 V. DIFFUSA (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 298.) stigma somewhat capitate, with a very short, blunt, naked, beak ; stems simple, decumbent ; leaves ovate, erenate, tapering into the footstalks, with the nerves and margins pilose ; stipulas lanceolate, toothed, ciliated ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; nectaries broad at the base, emarginate above on the outside. 1/ . F. Native of Nipaul. Very like F. Nultdllii of Pursh. Flowers yellow. Dijuse Violet. PI. ^ foot. 83 V. purpura'scens (Schmidt, fl. boh. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 799.) stem procumbent; leaves reniform, cordate, bluntish ; calyx acute; capsule pubescent; spur short, blunt. Ij. . H. Native of Bohemia. Flowers purplish. Stigma unknown. Purplish Violet. PI. procumbent. 84 V. fra'grans (Sieb. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 799.) stem simple, 1-flowered ; leaves spatulate-oblong, stalked, nerveless, rather villous; sepals acute; spur short. If.. H. Native of Crete. Flowers blue ? sweet-scented. Stigma unknown. Fragrant Violet. PL | foot. 85 V. rostra'ta (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 174.) stigma beaked ; beak somewhat erect, acute, naked ; stems simple, de- cumbent ; leaves cordate, glabrous, serrated ; stipulas lanceolate, awl-shaped, serrately-ciliated, glabrous ; spur straight, obtuse, longer than the corolla. 1/. H. Native on shady rocks near Easttown, Pennsylvania, and on the Alleghany mountains. Flowers pale-blue, externally purple ; petals all beardless ; stigma clavate, without a beak. (Nutt.) Peduncles long. Beaked-spmred Violet. Fl. May, June. PL ] foot. 86 V. DEBiLis (Pursh, fl. amer. sept 1. p. 174. not of Michx.) stigma papillose, recurved, beaked ; stems almost sim- ple, decumbent ; leaves reniform-cordate, acutish, smoothish, serrulate or erenate ; stipidas lanceolate, serrate-ciliated ; sepals lanceolate, glabrous ; petals oblong, 2 lateral ones bearded ; spur long. 1{..H. Native in low grounds from Pennsylvania to Ca- rolina. V. canhia, Walt. fl. carol. 219. Flower small, pale-blue. rrcayt-stemmed Violet. Fl. Mav, July. Clt. 1820. PI. i foot. 87 V. ARENA RiA (D. C. fl. fr." 4. p. 806.) glaucous, pubes- cent ; stigma papillose, somewhat recurved ; stems simple, rather erect ; leaves cordate-roundish ; stipulas erect, ciliately- serrated ; sepals lanceolate-oblong, acute ; capsules turbinately- elliptical, obtuse, pubescent ; seeds ovate, chesnut-coloured. If.. H. Native of sandy places in Vallais, Alps of Piedmont, Provence, about Moscow, and in tlie Caucasus. V. Allioni, Pio. diss. p. 20. t. 1. f 2. V. glauca, Bieb. suppl. p. 165 ? V. ru- pestris, Schm. fl. boh. cent. 3. t. 1. p. 50. t. 312.? V. pusilla, Schleich. in litt. V. livida, Kit. V. numnndarifolia, Schleich. Plant glaucous. Flowers blue. Spur obtuse. 3-28 VIOLARIE.E. IV. Viola. I'ar. /5, apnea (D. C. prod. 1. p. 298.) very small, and almost stemlcss. 2/ . H. Native on hills at Loboiilicim and lienstadt. V. Iiirta aprica, Sprcni;. nov. prov. 43. no. 97. ■SV/nf/ Violit. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823. PI. ^ foot. 88 V. SARMENTOSA (Bid). (1. taur. 1. p. 172.) hairy; stiffnia ? stem fdiform, undiviiK-d, procunil)cnt ; leaves roundish, hairy, crcnate; stipulas small, toothed; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; sepals awl-shaped. 1/ . H. Native of Caucasus. v. arenaria y sarmentosa, D. C. prod. 1. p. 298. Flowers blue. Spur obtuse, short. Sarmentosc Violet. Fl. May, July. Clt. PI. decumbent. 89 V. nuPE'sTRis (Schmidt, fl. bob. ex Sprenij. syst. 1. p. 799.) stem simple, pruinose, pidicscent ; leaves cordate-round- ish, smootbish, creiudated ; sti))ulas lanceolate, serrated. 2/. H. Native of Bohemia. Flowers blue. Sti. 43. Z)nrtr/fsA Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818. PI. i foot. 91 V. SciiMiDTiA na (Roem. et .Schult. syst. 5. p. 3C3.) stigma hooked ; leaves cordate, acuminate, rather crenate ; l)racteas approximating the flower ; lower petal truncate. 7/ . H. Na- tive of Bohemia and Austria. V. nummularium, .Schmidt, boh. no. 246. Stoloniferous. Spur short. Flowers blue. Schwidl's Violet. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. ? PI. -[ foot. 92 V. monta'na (Lin. spec. 1325.) smooth ; stigma papillose, somewhat reflexed ; stems simple, erect ; lower leaves cordate, upper ones ovate, acute ; footstalks marginate ; stipulas oblong, toothed, or cut on one side ; 2 lateral ])etals bearded ; spur conical, tnuicale, erect, greenish, shorter than the acute sepals ; \alves of ca])sii!i' arched, rather acute ; seeds ovate, of a chesnut- colour. 2/. II. Native of the temperate parts of Europe and Siberia, particularly Lapland, Austria, Germany, and on mount Baldo. Sims, bot. mag. 15: 5. — Riv. t. 119. — Morr. hist. 2. p. 475. sect. 5. t. 7. f 7. Flowers pale-blue. /'nr. fi, 47(it7« (D. C. prod. 1. ]). 299.) stems strict ; lower leaves cordate, smooth. V. stricta, Horn. hafn. V. Ilorneman- niana. Room, et Schult ? V. moutana «, fl. fr. 4. p. 807. Native of mountainous meadows and thickets. I ar. /}, pubisccns (D. C. prod. I. c.) stems strict ; lower leaves cordate, pubescent. V. erecta, Gerard, in lilt. ^foulllain Violet. Fl. May, July. Cll. 1G83. PI. 1 foot. 93 V. PKRSiciiOLiA (Roth. Ilofl'm. fl. germ. 311.) puberulous ; stigma papillose, sonuwhat reflexed ; stem simple, erect, rather flexuous ; le.ives oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, serrated, .smootbish, runniuL! into the petiole at the base ; stipulas large, cut ; sepals ovate-lanceolate ; spur short, blunt ; 2 lateral ])etals bearded. ■}/ . H. Native of Germany and Siberia. Flowers blue. V. montana /}, persicifolia, D. C. ])rod. 1. p. 299. V. prateiisis. Mer. et Koch. This species diflers from /'. montana, in the leaves always tapering gradually into the petioles, not cordate at the base. /'eaf/(-/(,'nrf(/ Violet. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1G83. PI. 1 ft. 94 V. la'ctea (Smith, fl. brit. 1. p. 21-7.) smooth; stigma papillose, somewhat reflexed ; stems ascending, simple ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, bluntish, lower ones small, ovate : footstalks marginate; stipulas jagged ; sepals long, linear. 1/. H. Native on mountainous boggy heaths in Switzerland, France, and Bri- tain ; on the sides of bogs on Waterdown forest, near Tunbridgc, at Pendarvis, Cornwall ; and in hilly pastures near Peebles, Scot- land. Smith, engl. bot. t. 445. V. Lusit;inica, Brot. i)byt. p. 39. t. 17. V. montana y, hictca, D. C. prod. 1. p. 299. V. stagnhia. Kit. Flowers milk-white, or of a very pale-blue, with pnr|)lish streaks. Two lateral petals bearded. J/(7/i-coloured-flowered Violet. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. i foot. 95 V. Ri;Vpii(All. pedm. 2. no. 1C46. t. 26.) smooth ; stigma papillose, somewhat reflexed ; stems procumbent : lower leaves cordate, upper ones lanceolate ; footstalks marginate ; stipulas jagged; sepals lanceolate, acute. }/ . H. Native of the .Mps of Piedmont. Lod. bot. cab. t. 686. V. cordala, Willd. ? V. Brossonetiana, Rd-ni. et Schult. Flowers pale-blue or while. /ii//)/)((/s'i Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822. PI. procumbent. 96 V. LANciroLiA (Besser, gal. no. 256.) stem ercctish ; leaves cordate-oblong, crenidated, rather pilose, dotted ; stijiulas lanceolate, toothed ; sepals acute ; spur emarginate, 2-lobed ; petals bearded. 2/. H. Native of Podolia. V. floribimda, l'"isch, mss. ? Flowers blue. Stigma unknown. Lancc-lcaccd Violet. PI. ^ foot. t t 'SVcHii slirubbi). 97 V. DEcu'.MBENS (Lin. fil. suppl. 397.) stigma hooked, naked ; stems much branched, procumbent ; leaves linear, very narrow, entire, crowded ; stiptdas linear-awl-shaped, adhering ; spur tubular, obtuse, straight, scarcely the length of sepals. 1/. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope on Hottentot moun- tains. F'lowers blue, with a pale-green s]>ur. Decumbent \"\o\ei. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. Shrub de- cumbent. 98 V. scrotif6rmis(D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 299.) stigma ? stems branched; leaves linear, bluntish, entire; lower ones remote ; stipulas awl-shaped, adhering : sjiur saccate : auricles scarcely exceeding the sepals. I; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers pale-blue. Scrotum-formed Violet. I'l. June, July. Shrub \ foot. 99 V. arbore'scens (Lin. s])ec. 1 325.) stigma hooked, naked ; stems branched, erect, roundish, pubescent ; leaves lanceolate, tapering to the base; siipidas oblong, adhering; s])ur cncullate, obtuse, scarcely exceeding the auricles of the calyx ; valves of capside boat-shaped, obtuse, few-seeded ; seeds ovate, and be- fore the o])ening of the capsule they are of a darkish-])urple, afterwards (juite black, with white caruncles. '7. G. Native among stones and in the fissures of rocks and amongst gravel, in the south of Euro])e and north of .\frica. Flowers pale blue. I'ar. a, lincarifolia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 299.) covered with pruinose papilla"; leaves long, linear, entire. Native of Corsica. I'ar. ji, hilcgrifiilia (D. C. prod. I. c.) leaves lanceolate, entire. Native in the sand on the shores of the Mediterranean, and on rocks in Spain. V. His|)anica friiticans. Barrel, icon. t. 568. Arborescent Violet. Fl. Aiiril, May. Clt. 1779. Shndj lAft. 100 V. suberosa (Desf. all. 2. p. 313.) stigma hooked, naked : stems branched ; branches usually decumbent, tubercled ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, serrated, smooth, tai)ering into the jietiole at thi' ba^e, crowded on the tops of tlie brandies; sti- VIOLARIE/E. IV. Viola. .'329 piilas .iwl-sliapcd, einiie ; spur obtuc, very sliort. i;; . G. Native of the nortli of Africa in fissures of rorks. V. arbo- rescens y serratifolia, D. C. prod. 1. p. 299. Flowers small, pale-blue, sometimes wliite. Vnr. /3, latij'ulia ; leaves rliomboidal-spatulate, remotely- toothed, h . G. V. arborescens c, D. C. prod. 1. p. 299. Cor/:;/ Violet. Fl. April, May. Shrub decumbent. 101 V. ARBOREA (Forsk. fl. yem. CXX.) stii^ma? stem round at the base, angular at the top, erect, simple ; leaves oblong, pointed at both ends, remotely toothed ; stipulas awl-shaped, entire; spur very blunt, small. ^. F. Native of Arabia in Yemen. Perhaps the same as /'. suberusa. Flowers probably pale-blue. Tree Violet. Fl. April, June. Shrub li foot. Sect. II. Dischi'dium (from Cte, dis, twice, (tx''"^' ^cliixo, to cut ; in allusion to the 2-lobed stigma.) Ging. rass. D. C. prod. 1. p. 300. Stigmas without a beak, more or less 2-lobed at the apex, with a little hole situated between the lobes. Style tapering from the top to the bottom. Seeds oblong, approximate. Torus flattish. Capsides usually trigonal, few-seeded. Seminal leaves usually roundish. Small stemless plants, or witli very short stems. Petals of all probably smooth. 102 V. pygm.e' A (Poir. diet. 8. p. G30.) stigma 2-lobed ? lobes diverging ; trunk of root thick, perpendicular ; leaves much crowded, linear, acute, sessile, with scabrous margins ; sepals linear; spur shortish; petals apiculate, smooth. 7i . H. Native on the Andes of Peru in the coldest places. V. alpina, Ruiz, et Pavon, in herb. Deless. ined. Flowers apparently purple. Pjlgmy Violet. PI. 1 inch. 103 V. coty'ledon (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. l.p. 300.) stigma bifid ; lob^s reflexed ; trimk of root thick, twisted ; leaves much crowded, rhomb-spatulate, tapering at the base into the footstalk a long way, smooth, with cartilaginous entire margins ; sepals linear ; spur very short. % . G. Native on high mountains in Chili. Capsule trigonal, oblong, with the peduncles spirally twisted at the top ; s^eds ovate, 9-10, dark. Flowers probably purple. Cotyledon Violet. PI. \ foot. 104 V. TRiDENTATA (Menzies, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 300.) stigma ? stems much branched, procumbent ; leaves crowded, obovate-wedge-shaped, 3-toothed at the apex, coria- ceous, smooth ; sepals ovate, obtuse ; spur very short. \ . F. Native of Statenland on the peaks of mountains among snow, A tufted plant, more resembling A. sa.rifraga than A. viola. Three-toot/ied-]ea\ed Violet. Shrub j foot. 105 V. Wallichta'na (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 300.) stigma bifid ? lobes laniellated, divaricating ; leaves reniform or cordate, hairy on the nerves ; stipulas lanceolate, denticidated ; sepals awl-shaped ; spur awl-shaped, length of petals, i;. H. Native of Nipaul towards the summit of Sheopore. Habit of /'. h'ljlhra. Flowers like those of V. rostrata. V. reniformis, ^\ all. fl. ind. 2. p. 151. Stem beset with a few shining hairs. .Spur jointed, descending ; nectary elongated, capillary ; lower petal obovate-wedge-shaped, apiculated. Flowers small, yellow, sweet-scented. U'alUch's Violet. PI. 2 inches. 106 V. BiFLORA (Lin. spec. 1326.) stem erect, about 2- flowered ; stigma bifid ; lobes thick, diverging ; leaves reniform, serrated, smooth ; stipidas ovate ; sepals linear ; petals smooth ; spur very short; seeds round-ovoid, brownish, obscurely dotted. %. H. Native on humid mountains almost throughout the whole of Europe, Siberia, and the western coast of North Ame- rica. Sims, hot. mag. 2089. Fl. dan. t. 46.— Pluk. aim. t. 233. f. 7. and t. 234. f. 1. Flowers small, yellow, with the lip streaked with black. Roots creeping. There is a variety of VOL. I. PART IV. tliis plant blaring only one flower on each stem. See J. Bauii. hist. 3. p. 545. f. 1 . ' Trvo-flotvcred Violet. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1752. PI. 3 inches. 107 V. Caleya'na ; caulescent; steins slender, spotted; leaves reniform-cordate, or cordate, vnucronidate, crcnated ; sti- pulas lanceolate, acute, with one tooth on each side at the base ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, entire, acute ; petals smooth ; spur a hollow pouch. "il . F. Native of New Holland. Habit of /'. b'ljlora and the flowers are about the same size. Stigma unknown. Caley's Violet. PI. i to ^ foot. Sect. III. CiiAMa:MEL,\'NiuM (from X"/""> c/'cmoi, dwarf, and /JtXof fiiXayoc, mclas melanos, black, in opposition to tl.e next section.) Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 300. Stigma round, capitate, ornamented on both sides below with a fascicle of hairs, and with a minute sublateral hole at the tip. Style compressed, clavate. Stamens oblong, approximate. Torus flat- tish. Capsules usually trigonal. Seminal leaves usually roundish. Two lateral petals bearded at the base. 108 V. TRIPARTITA (Ell. sket. 1. p. 302.) leaves 3-5, lobed, pubescent ; lobes lanceolate-toothed ; stipulas ovate, entire or serrulated ; sepals acute. If. . H. Native of Georgia near Athens. Flowers yellow, on long slender peduncles. Perhaps V. hastata var. /3 villosa of Le Conte. r/(cec-;)a)7e(Z-leaved Violet. Fl. Mav, Jidv. Clt, 1823. PI. ifoot. . 109 V. Nutta'llii (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 174.) smooth ; stem simple, erectish; leaves lanceolate-ovate, entire orobscurily toothed, tapering down the footstalk, with the nerves and mar- gins pidjescent ; stipulas long, linear-lanceolate, entire ; sepals lanceolate, acute, entire behind ; lateral petals bearded. !(;. H. Native on the banks of the Missouri near the confluence of Rock River. Flowers small, yellow, but purplish on the under side. This is the only species of Violet on the plains of tl.e Missoiu-i from the confluence of the river Platte to Fort Mandan. NuttaU's X\o\et. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. PI. f foot. 110 V. pr.emo'rsa (Doug. mss. jn bot. reg. 1254.) stemless ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; leaves ovate-oblong, hairy, entire ; stipulas lanceolate, quite entire ; sepals linear, pilose. 7^. H. Native of North America on the banks of the river Columbia, and the plains of the river Aguilar in California. Flowers yellow ; petals beardless ? the lower one streaked at the base. Root thick, fleshy, pramorse. Like V. NuMdllii. /•(■(^Moc^e- rooted Violet. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1828. PI. i ft. 111 V. hasta'ta (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 149.) smooth; stem simple, erect ; leaves cordate-ovate, rarely halbert-shaped, serrated, smooth ; stipulas small, awl-shaped, toothed ; sepals lanceolate, acute, sub-dentate ; spur very short. If. H. Native of North America in Georgia near Athens, but according to Pursh. on high mountains from Pennsylvania to Carolina. Elliot, sket. p. 151. Flowers yellow, purplish on the under side. Leaves usually marked with discoloured dots. J'ar. ft, glahirrima (D. C. prod. 1. p. 300.) leaves rhom- boidal-lanceolate. % . H. Native of North Carolina in woods and on hills. i/«/6fr/-leaved Violet. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1823. PL 1 to i ft. 112 V. Canadensis (Lin. spec. 1326.) smooth; le.aves ovate, cordate, crenated, acuminated, with downy nerves ; stipulas lan- ceolate, entire, membranous ; sepals lanceolate, awl-shaped, entire ; petals entire ; spur very short, somewhat saccate ; cap- sules oblong, trigonal, very blunt ; seeds roundish-ovate, clies- niit-coloured. 1/ . H. Native of North America on mountains in shadv woods, in rich moist situations from Canada to Carolina. Flowers outside purplish-blue, inside white and elegantly veined, sweet-scented. Stigma a little pubescent. U u 330 VIOLARIE^. IV. VioLi I'ar. a; stipulas harrow-lanceolate. V. Canadensis, Ell, skct. j). .'iOI. I'tir. ji ; stipulas ovate-lanccolalc, ciliated; bracteas ciliated in tile iniddie. V. albiflora, Link, enuni. 1. p. ^41. Flowers pure white. CnHn(/m;i Violet. Fl. June. Clt. 178.3. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 113 V. pube'scens (Ait. liort. kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 290.) villous : stems simple, rather decumbent ; leaves cordate, acu- minated, serrated ; stipulas large, ovate, -serrated at the top or entire ; sepals oblong-lanceolate ; spur very short, somewhat sac- cate ; ovary smooth. 1/. II. Native of North America in shadv woods, among rocks, i)articularly liiiicstoiie rocks, from New York 1(1 \ irginia, abundant about I'liiladelphia. Flowers yellow. Stigma with two tufts of hairs. Sweet, H. gard. t. 223. J^iibcM ail \\o\et. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1772. PI. ^ foot. 1 It \. ERiocA'RrA (Schwein, amer. journ. 5. no. l.)rougliish; stems assurgent, branched ; leaves cordate, acute, sometimes reniform ; stipulas ovate-serrate ; spur very short, somewhat sac- cate ; fruit densely villous. %. H. Native of North Carolina. Sweet, fi. gard. t. 102. V. pubescens /J. Ker. hot. reg. 390. Flowers yellow. This plant differs from /'. Pennsi/liuinicn, in t)ie whole plant being villous, not pubescent, as well as in the stem bein;,' branched. Stigma with 2 hiteral tufts of hairs. n'odllii-fruitcd \io\et. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. i ft. 115 V. Pknnsvlva'nica (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 149.) pubescent ; stem simple, erect ; leaves cordate, acuminated, serrated : stipulas oblong-ovate, serrated at the apex or entire ; spur short ; ovary densely villous. 1/ . H. Native of North America, abundant about Philadelphia. Flowers yellow. Stigma ornamented with 2 lateral tufts of hairs. Peniisi/lraniaii Violet. Fl. June, Ju)y. Clt. 1772. Pi. {- ft. 116 V. VNIFLORA (Lin. spec. 1327.) radical leaves reniform, stem ones ovate, acmninatcd, deeply-toothed, pubescent ; stipulas lanceolate-awl-shaped, furnished with glandular teeth ; sepals ovate: si)ur liroad, short, saccate. T^.H. Native of .Siberia in boggy places. — Gniel. fl. sib. 4. p. 101. t. 48. f. 5. Flowers yellow. Leaves large, two on the top of each stem. Oiie-floircrcd Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1774. PI. | foot. 117 V. MACRo'cERAS (Lcdeb. icon. pi. fl. ross. alt. ill. t.*219.) steniless, smooth ; leaves cordate, crenate-serrated, acute ; pe- dimcles almost e(pial in length to the leaves ; sepals bluntish, smooth, sliorter than the thick, cylindrical spur ; two lateral l)etals bearded ; stigma bearded. 'I^.H. Native of Siberia in InuTiid places on the banks of rivulets near Duchtorninsk. Koot thick, articulated. Flowers violet, sweet-scented. Like V. Kamlsc/ialica of Ging. We have placed this plant in this sec- tion on account of its having a bearded stigma. Long-horned Violet. Fl. April, !\Liy. PI. J foot. Sect. IV. Mela'nium (a name given to ]'. tricolor by some oUl botanists; it is derived from ^f \nr ^uXoior, nulas mclanos, black ; because of the dark colour of the flowers of some of the varieties of that plant.) D. C. mss. and prod. 1. ]>. 301.-^Jacea, I). C fl. fr. VioUe Iricolores of old authors. Stigma urceolate, ornamented on both sides below, with a fascicle of hairs, and furnished with a large aperture with a lip at the bottom. Style tapering from the top to the bottom. Stamens triangular, connected. Torus concave, and therefore the ovary ajijiears half inferior. Capsules obsolctely O-sided. Seeds very nnmerotis, 40-GO. Seminal leaves usually ovate. The 3 lower petals liave bearded claws. Stipulas all toothed or bristly-serrated. 118 V. NiMMLi.ARiFoLiA (All. pcd. no. 1640. t. 9. f. 4.) \ery smootii ; stems branclied, decumbent; leaves roundish, entire ; stipulas lanceolate, 3-cleft or l)rislly-toothed ; sepals oblong; spur sliortish^ l/ . H. Native on 'rocks in the Alps 1 of Piedmont and Dauphiny. D. C. 11. fr. 4. p. 804. Flowers blue, with darker stripes. I'ar. /3, minimn (D. C. prod. 1. p. 301.) ^. H. Native of the Alps of Corsica. — Bocc. nms. 2. p. 163. t. 127. AIonii/-nort-lcaved Violet or Pansy. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. PI. \ foot. 119 V. ali'i'na (Jacq. obs. 1. p. 21. t. 11.) stem very short ; leaves tufted, ovate-roundish, somewhat cordate, crenated, on long footstalks ; stipulas lanceolate, scarcely toothed, adhering ; sepals oblong, blimtish ; spur tubular, bliuit, shorter than the sepals. 1/. II. Native on the sunmiits of the loftiest moim- tains of Austria, and the Carpathian mountains. Flowers dark- blue, with darker stripes. .//yjj/ie Violet or Pansy. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. J ft. 120 V. cornu'ta (Lin. spec. 1325.) root fibrous, stems as- cending, diffuse; leaves cordate-ovate, crenated, ciliated; sti- pulas oblifiuely-cordate, toothed, ciliated ; sepals awl-shaped ; spur awl-shaped, elongated and abrupt at the base. 2/. II. Native of Switzerland and the Pyrenees, and on mount Atlas. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 810. Curt. hot. mag. t. 791. A tufted plant, with pale-blue flowers. J/iinicd Violet or Pansy. Fl. May, July. Clt. 17 76. PI. \ ft. 121 V. Cenisia (.Ml. pad. no. 1641.) trunk of root some- what fusiform, woody ; stems diffuse, procumbent, undivided ; leaves spatulate-ovate, entire ; stipulas obovate, stalked, un- divided ; calyxes pubescent : spur tubular, awl-shaped, acute, thrice as long as the hind lobes of the calyx. ■)/. II. Native on rocks in the Alps of Switzerland, Piedniont, and Provence. Flowers blue. I'ar. a, ovatifblia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 301.) leaves all oval, hardly pubescent. V. Cenisia, .Ml. fl. jied. t. 22. f 6. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 805. /or. /3, divcrsifolia (D. C. prod. 1. c.) lower leaves ovate, upper ones oblong, tomentosely-pubescent. 1/ . H. Native of the Pyrenees. V. Cenisia, Lapeyr. abr. Like y. Cheiranthi- foUa. Motmi-Cenis \\o\ct or Pansv. Fl. Jime, July. Clt. 1759. PI. I foot. 122 V. Valde kia (All. ped. 2. p. 98. t. 24. f. 3.) trunk of root fusiform; stems diffuse, procundjent, undivided; leaves all oblong and rather hispid and sinuated ; stipulas palmate ; spur tubular, slender, longer than the calyx. If.. H. Native of Piedmont. Flowers pmple. Perhaps only a variety of the last. /'flWerirtH Violet or Pansy. Fl. Ju. Jul". Clt. 1759. PI. | ft. 123 V. minu'ta (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 173.) stems simple, one- flowered, flaccid ; leaves roundish, crenated ; stipulas ovale, entire, ciliated; spur scarcely the length of sejials. 1/ . 11. Native of Iberia. Perhaps a variety of /'. alp'ina. Flowers blue, about the size of those of /'. odorata. jl/(nH/(-fl()wered VioKt, or Pansy. PI. 1 inch. 124 V. cuAciLis (Smith, fl. grjec. t. 222.) root creeping, stem branched, angular, dift'use ; leaves lanceolate, somewhat crenate, the up])er ones crowded, ojiposite, either smootli or downy ; stipu- las deeply 3-clefl ; spur slender, inucli longer than the auricles of the calyx, which are toothed. %. H. Native on mount Etna, V. calcarata, var. £. ilithnensis, 1). C. prod. 1. p. 302. — Cup. pamph. ed. bonon. t. 138. Bracteas toothed at the base in a hastate m.-umer. Flowers about the size of J\ liiUa, of a dull purplish blue, occasionally yellow. SIcndi r N'iolet, or Pansy. l'"l. June, July. PI. ^ foot. 125 V. CHCIRANTnilOLIA (II. B. pl. Kqu. 1. p. Ill.t. 32.) velvety ; root thick, woody ; stems ascending ; leaves lanceo- late, fpiitc entire, tapering info tie footstalk ; stipulas linear ; spur tidmlar, rather acute, scarcely the length of the sep.ils. "il . G. Native of the ('.iii;ny Islands, at the top of the moun- tain called Pico-Teyde. Flowers vitdaceous. VIOLARIK.Ti:. IV. Vioi.A. 331 Chciranthus-havcd Violet, or Pansy. PI. 4 foot. 12C V. calcaka'ta (Lin. spec. 132i5.) root fil>ro\is, diflusc ; stems sliort, simple, tufted ; leaves spatulate-roundisli,,or elon- gated, crenate ; stipulas paliiiatifid, or trifid ; sepals oblonij, glandularly-denticulated ; spnraul-sliaped, longer tlian the ralyx ; nectary scarcely twice tlie length of stamens; seeds ovate. %.W. Native in pastures on the higlier mountains from Austria to Provence, U. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 810. A very variable species. Jar. ft, Halleri (D. C. prod. 1. c.) stem short ; stipulas cut, hardlv ciliated ; flowers large blue. — Hall. hist. no. 566, var. a. p. 2l;J. t. 17. i;. H. Native with the last. I'ar. y, albijlbra (D. C. prod. I. c.) stem short ; stipidas cut, scarcely ciliated ; flowers large, white. !{,. H. Native of the Alps of Savoy. — Hall. hist. no. 566. var. ft, III. Far. c, Bcrtuluiiii (D. C. prod. 1. p. 302.) stems elongated ; lower leaves ovate, upper ones elongated, and are, as well as palmatifid stipidas, smoothish. %. H. Native in the Apen- nines, about Genoa, on the top of mount Scaggia. V. Berto- lonii, Pio. diss. 31-. t. 3. f. 2. — Cup. pamph. ed. bonon. t. 99. Flowers large, purple. Jar. i^t dccipieiis (D. C. prod. 1. c.) stems elongated ; leaves and stipulas hispid ; sepals lanceolate, rather hispid. Flowers blue? %.H. Native in the Eastern Pyrenees. V. hispida, Lapev. abr. 123. ^;;Hrrlclina"ta (Walds. et Kit. hung. 3. p. dl8. t. 2U3.) root ratlier I'usiform ; stem branclied, dediiiate ; leaves lanceo- late, oblong, smooth, crenate ; stipulas pinnatilid, ciliated ; spur thick, blunt; sepals elongated. Tl.ti. Native of Hungary, 'i'ransylvania, and Italy, among broken rocks. V. tricolor, .?, (iiiliiiiita, Ciing. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 303. Flowers pale blue, larger than tlie calyx. Declinate Violet, or Pansy. Fl. May, August. Clt. 1817. PI. i foot. 138 V. TRi'coLott (Lin. spec. 132G.) root somewhat fusi- form; stems branclied, difl'use ; lower leaves ovate-cordate, deeply crenate ; stijjulas runcinately-pinnatilkl, with the middle lobecrenated ; ])etals incumbent, with short claws; spur thick, obtuse, not stretched out ; nectaries short ; seeds oblong-ovate. ©. H. Native in cultivated fields and gardens throughout Eu- rope, .Siberia, and North America ; plentiful in Britain. Smith, eng. hot. t. li!S7. Woodv. suppl. t. U52. Curt. lond. fasc. 1. t. 65. Bracteas very small, scarcely evident. Petals very vari- able in colour and size. This is a very variable species, or more ])robably a heterogeneous mass of species collected. Iliarl's-casc has ever been a favourite flower with the people, .md has many provincial names, all bearing some alhision to love. In days of superstition it was called Herb Trinily ; probably from the three-coloured flowers. Hearl's-case is the general name by which it is now known ; its more elegant name, I'an- s'lcs, is from the French pciisee. The meaning is alluded to by Shakspcare, in Hamlet, — " 'i'here's ^w«.?(V.v, that's for thoughts." llcart's-case was represented by old writers on the Materia Medica, as a powerful medicine in epilepsy, ulcers, scabies and cutaneous complaints. Ilaase, who administered it in various and in large doses, extended its use to many chronic disorders ; and from the great number of cases in which it proved successful, it seems to deserve farther trial. Heart' s-casc, when strongly bruised, exhales a smell resembling peach-kernels. Distilled with water, whether it be fresh or dried, it gives a little volatile oil, of a very acrid taste, having the above-mentioned smell. The corolla yields to water a highly colouring principle. Var. a, Itorleiisli (D. C. ))rod. 1. p. 303.) petals intensely velvety, much larger than the calyx. Fl. dan. 003. Var. ji, degemr, (D. C. I.e.) somewhat branclied; flowers 3-coloured, rather velvety ; petals a little larger tlian the calyx ; stipulas large. In cultivated fields. Far. y, a/pestri.i (D. C. 1. c.) stem elongated ; leaves remote ; flowers sulphur-coloured, spotted with ))iirple, larger than the calyx. In meadows on the .Alps. V. lulea, Tratt. tab. 43. V, liitea and saxaiilis, Schmidt, fl. boh. no. 257 and 2.09 ? Var. c, crasxijolia {D. C. 1. c.) leaves large, thickish ; flowers yellow, scarcely larger than the calyx. In Neustria, by the sea-side. Var. t, culijchia (D. C. 1. c.) leaves large, ovate, rather crowded : calyx large. In the mountains of Teneriffe. ^ ar. i, appendiculitia (D. C. 1. c.) leaves tapering to both ends ; calyx drawn out much at the base, larger than tlie corolla. Between Bagdad and Kermancha. Perliaps the same as t, calij- t'ar. ti, purpurea (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate; sepals shortish, broad, drawn out much at the base ; flowers purple, larger than calyx. In Armoracea. Var. I, oratijulia (U.C. 1. c.) stems difl'use, branched; leaves ovate ; flowers 3-coloured, scarcely longer than the lanceolate sepals. I'ar. »:, arren.'iis, (D. C. I. c.) stems branched, assurgont ; petals yellowish, blue, or purple spotted. Frequent in sandy cultivated fields. V. arvensis, Sibtli. 84. — Riv. pentap. Jorr. t. 122.— Math, valgr. 2. p. 525. f. Pet. h. brit. t. 37. f. 9. This is most likely a distinct species. Far. \, sabulosa (D. C. 1. c.) stems many, diftusc ; leaves remote, ovate, elongated ; sep.ils narrow-lanceolate, hardly shorter than the corolla. In sand by the sea-side in Belgium and France. Perhaps V. Bannatica, Kit. far. /I, gracili-.'^cens (D. C. I. c.) stems almost simple, elon- gated, erect ; se])als narrow, usually longer than the two-coloured corolla. In fields near Bern. Var. y, trimeslrU (D. C. 1. c.) stem erect, very slender; sti- pulas very small ; sepals linear. About Lisbon. V. tricolor trimestris flore variorum colonim elegans, Grisl. vir. lus. Var. I, hirta (Ging. mss. et D. C. I. c.) velvety-hairy ; flow- ering earlier than April. Stipulas ]>innatifid at the base. In Vallais. Perhaps V. Kitaibeliana, Ram. et Schult. svst. 5. p. 383. Var. o, beUioidcs (D. C. 1. c.) rather hispid ; stems very short; leaves roundish, crowded; petals shorter than the calyx. In sandy places about Montpelicr, and in the Nebrodes of Sicilv. V. parvida, Tinco. ])ug. sic. 5. no. 3. Tlircc-eolourcd \'iolet, Heart's-ease, or Pansy, &c. Fl. April, October. Britain. PI. -j to |^ foot. 139 V. tene'lla (Poir. in. Lam. diet. no. aa,") lower leaves roundish, minute, upper ones somewhat alternate, oblong, obtuse, all smooth and entire ; peduncles rather longiT than tlie leaves. ©. H. Native of Syria. V. tricolor, var. tt. nana, D. C. prod. 1. p. 303. This plant is rather remarkable in having the lower leaves opposite. The cotyledons remain even to the time of flowering. Tc'/if/cr violet. Fl. May, July, PI. 2 inches. 140 V. Bi'coLOR (Puisli. fl. amer. se))t. 1. p. 174.) mostly smooth ; stem triiiuetrous, erect, simple, leafy ; leaves toothed, r.idical ones roundish, or spatulate, upper ones ovate, or lanceo- late ; petioles short ; stipulas large, pinnatilid or palmate, mid- dle lobe longer and broader, the rest linear-oblong, all obtuse, and ciliated ; peduncles tetragonal, much longer than the leaves ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated, emargiiiate behind ; two lateral petals bearded ; stigma rather pubescent, hardly beaked. Q. II. Native of North .\merica, in fields in New- Jersey, New York, and of Pennsylvania and \ irginia. V. te- nella, Le Conte in ann. lye. new york, 2. )). 152. V. arvensis, Elliot. Flowers white, tinged or veined with blue or purple, yellow at the base. According to Pursh. there are specimens in Mr. Lambert's Herbarium, gathered by Pallas in .Siberia, which correspond with ihc North American ]ilant. Tno-coloured Violet. Fl. May, July. PI. ^ foot. Sect. V. Lepti'wum (from Xf;rroc, leplos, slender ; form of style.) Ging. mss. D. C, prod. 1. p. 304. Stigma proboscis- like, truncate, with a minute hole at the lij). Style awl-shaped, flexuous. .Stamens oblong, approximate, 2 of which arc usually furnished with longer terminal ap])endages than the others. Torus flattish. Cajisule 3-lobed or triangular, few-seeded. 'I'lie petals of all are ])erliaps smooth. 141 \'. kibe'lla (Cav. icon. C. p. 20. t. 531. f. l.^l stems erect ; leaves ovate or oblong, acute, crenate-serrate, shorter than the peduncle ; stipulas lanceolate, sctaceously-toothed ; VIOLARIE^E. IV. Viola. 33i spur conic.ll, short. Ij . G. Native in Cliili about San Carlos. Flowers reddisli. Membranes of stamens obtuse. far. a, lali/ulia (Ging. in Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 410.) leaves o\ate-oblong ; peduncles nearly equal in length to the leaves. f; . G. In St. Carlos de Chili. Var. p, angtistifolia (Ging. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, ; peduncles longer than the leaves. Tj . G. In Chili at Talcaguana. /u-(/-flo\vered Violet. Shrub 1 foot. 1 12 V. coRCHORiFo\iA(Donib. herb, et D. C. prod. 1. p. 304.) pubescent ; stems erect ; leaves ovate, acute, crenate-serrate, uneqvud at the base, with the scrratures exserted and apiculated ; stipulas lanceolate, setaceously-jagged ; spur very broad, sac- cate ; capsules ovate, trigonal. fj . G. Native in Peru about Huanaco. V. punicea, Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb. Flower vermilion. Leaves rather cordate at the base. Corcliorus-lcavedWoXei. Shrub 1-2 foot. 143 V. Chamissonia'na (Ging. mss. in Schlecht. Linna?a. 1. p. 408.) stem shrubby, oblique ; leaves ovate, acuminated, ta- pering into the petiole at the base, serrated ; serratures remote, apprcssed ; stipulas lanceolate, lacerately-toothed ; spur short, broadly saccate ; membranes of stamens all obtuse. Tj . G. Native of the island of O Wahu. Plant smooth. The leaves re- semble those of Pruiius domestica. Flowers violet, sweet- scented. Sepals lanceolate, acuminate. C/iavi/sso's Violet. Shrub ^ foot. 144 V. cAriLLAKis (Pers. ench. 1. p. 256.) shrubby, climb- ing, smoothish ; branches angular ; leaves ovate, unequal at the base, somewhat cordate, sharply serrated, with the ser- ratures exserted ; stipulas oblong, acute, trifidly awned at the top, peduncles shorter than the leaves ; sepals acute ; lower petal obovate, roundish, apiculate ; spur very short, saccate ; ter- minal membranes of 2 lower stamens elongated, awl-shaped ; nectariferous appendages broad, rounded at the base, tnm- cate at the top, shorter than the cells ; seeds with fuscous dots. h ■ w ^- Native of New Granada. V. stipularis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 372. but not of Swartz. Flowers jjale blue. C'rtj);7/«)j/-jagged-stipuled Violet. Sh. climbing. 145 V. sETo'sA (Smith, in Rees' eycl.) shrubby, branched, smoothish ; branches flexuous ; leaves ovate, acute, serrated, 4 times longer than the petiole ; stipulas lanceolate, with capillary serratures ; peduncles equal or double the length of the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; spur short, saccate. V. stipularis, Cav. icon. 6. p. 20. t. 531. h . G. Native of Chili at Talcaguana. Flowers pale blue. Bristli/-st\p\\\ed Violet. Shrub 1 foot. 146 V. tracheliifo'lia (Ging. ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 97.) shrubby, smooth ; leaves on short footstalks, ovate-cordate, acuminated, sharply-toothed ; stipulas lanceolate, quite entire. Tj . G. Native of Sandwich Islands, particularly in O Wahu. Flowers small. Throat-jvort-leaved Violet. Fl. Shrub 1 foot. 147 V. sca'ndens (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 371. t. 493.) shrubby, climbing, glabrous; branches rather an- gular, striated ; leaves cordate-ovate, crenated, glabrous ; sti- pulas oblong, dentately-ciliated ; peduncles length of leaves ; sepals acuminated ; lower petal obovate-oblong ; spur saccate, short ; 2 lower stamens with terminal, elongated membranes ; nectariferous appendages, oblong, obtuse, shorter than the cells ; stigma bluntish. Tj . S. Native of Peru near Loxa, at the height of 3180 feet. Petals violaceous, smooth. Climbing Violet. Shrub climbing. 1 IS V. argu'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 373.) shrubby, tw ining ; branches terete, hairy ; leaves profoundly cordate, sharply serrated, upper surface puberulous, under sur- face hoary ; footstalks villous ; stipulas lanceolate, setaceously- jagged ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; sepals acute ; lower petal obovate, mucronate ; spur broad, very blunt, scarcely one lialf shorter than the lamina ; two of the stamens with longer obtuse reflcxed membranes ; nectariferous appendages, ovate, truncate, a little shorter than the anthers ; seeds covered with glandular dots, brown. Jj . G. Native of Peru in cold woods be- tween Gonzana and Loxa at the height of 3180 feet. Flowers flesh-coloured, smooth. 67ia)73-serrated-leaved Violet. Shrub twining. 149 V. STiPULA^Ris (Swartz, fl. ind. oocid.3. p. 1956.) glabrous ; stems reptant ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, with blunt, pressed, serratures ; stipulas oblong, acuminated, furnished with long ciliee ; spur very short ; two of the stamens with longer awl-shaped, recurved membranes. Tj . S. Native in the islands of Guadaloupe and St. Ciiristopher. V. persica- riaifolia, Poir. diet. 8. p. 628. Flowers blue or white. Stipular Violet. Shrub trailing. 150 V. graci'llima (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 449. t. 22. f. a.) caulescent, very smooth ; stem filiform ; leaves small, broadly. cordate, obsoletely and remotely toothed ; stipulas lan- . ceolate-avvl-shaped, hardly toothed ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; sepals acuminated ; petals beardless. 1/ , S. Native of Brazil in moist pastures. Flowers violaceous ; spur short, saccate. Anthers ending in a membrane at the apex, anterior two appendieulate on the back, .and with terminal hooked processes, the rest with erect termin.al processes. Style awl-shaped. I'cry-slender Violet. Fl. Nov. PI. -^ to | foot. 151 V. subdimidia'ta (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 450.) caulescent, very smooth ; leaves ovate-cordate, acute, unequal- sided, toothed ; stipulas oblong-lanceolate, ciliately jagged ; pe- duncles shorter than the leaves ; sepals ovate-oblong ; petals beardless, acuminated ; style awl-shaped, curved. Ij. . S. Na- tive of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, near the town called Villa Rica, at the height of about 3700 feet above the level of the sea. Flowers pale violet. Spur short, saccate. Anthers almost as in /'. gracillima. Suhdimidiate Violet. Fl. Jan PI. i to 1 foot. 152 V. coNFERTA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 453.) caules- cent, very smooth ; leaves crowded, ovate-lanceolate, acute, finely-toothed ; stipulas broadly linear, very blunt, ciliately- jagged ; peduncles equal in length to the leaves ; sepals lan- ceolate, linear, acute ; style awl-shaped, in form referable to the letter S. 1/ . S. Native of Brazil in the southern part of the province of St. Paul in humid pastures and shady woods near the town of Castro. Root creeping. Flowers white. CrowdcdAcayed Violet. Fl. Feb. PI. i to i foot. 153 cerasifo'lia (St. Hil. mem. mus. 11. p. 451.) caules- cent, very smooth ; leaves approximate, lanceolate, acute, toothed ; stipulas oblong-lanceolate, acute, auricled at the base, ciliary- ja;;ged ; peduncles usually shorter than the leaves ; sepals acu- minated ; style awl-shaped, incurved. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in very shady places of woods on the mountains called Serra- da Caraca not far from the town called C.ahete in the province of Minas Geraes. Root creeping, slender, usually emitting runners from the base. Flowers violaceous. Var. jl, intermedia (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 453.) leaves somewhat ovate-Lanceolate, rather distant, somewhat unequal-sided. It . S. Flowers violaceous. Cherry-leaved Violet. Fl. Jan. PI. \ to 1 foot. 154 V. Dombeya'na (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 305.) gla- brous J stems reptant ; leaves oval, cuneately narrowed at the base, serrated, with the serratures exserted and remote ; stipulas lanceolate-linear, setaceously-tootlied ; spur very short. tj . S. Native of South .\merica. V. repens, Domb. herb. Perhaps a variety of V. stipularis, Swartz. ? Flowers blue. Dombey's Violet. Shrub creeping. :53i VIOI,ARIE.E. IV. VioLv. V. KRriTioN. 155 V. pil6sa (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnica. 1. ]). 045.) sli<;nia proboscis-like ; style clavate ; stamens obloiitf, connected ; capsules ovate- distinct, iliversjing at the base. Stigma inconspicuous. Small tiiftcil plants, with running rooting stems, and roiuidisli or kid- neysliapc'd leaves, 1 -flowered peduncles, and beautifid blue flowers mixed witli white. The roots of all are perpendicular. 1 E. renifo'kme (Sweet, fl. gard. 170.) stem creeping, root- ing ; leaves crowded, kidney-shaped, repandly-tootlied, punctate ; stipulas linear-awl-shaped, acuminated ; sepals lanceolate, hardly drawn out into auricles ; petals reflexed ; the two lateral ones are furnished with a beard on the upper side. If. . F. Native of New Holland about Port Jackson. Erpetion cymbalaria, D. C. in herb. Lamb. Viola reniforniis, R. Br. ined. Viola hede- racea. Hook. exot. hot. 225. Flowers blue mixed with white. Kidiiey-sha2}ed-\ea\ed Erpetion. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1823. PI. creeping. 2 E. HEDERA'cEUM(Lab. spec. nov. holl. 1. p. fiG. t. !)1. under Hula), stem short, stoloniferous ; leaves crowded into fascicles, roundish, somewhat cuneated at the base, crenated, punctate ; stipulas awl-shaped, ending in a bristly acumen ; sepals hardly drawn out at the base into auricles. % . F. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Flowers blue and whitish. This is a much smaller ])lant than the last. The two lateral petals are arched, with a tuft of hairs on the upper side. Root perpendicidar, simple. Pedimcles about twice the length of the leaves. Iry-l'ikc Erpetion. PI. creeping. 3 E. PETioLA^RE ; stems stoloniferous ; leaves crowded in fas- cicles, kidney-shaped-truncate at the apex, repandly-toothed ; sti- pulas lanceolate, ending in bristle-like acumen ; sepals hardly drawn out at the base into auricles ; peduncles and petioles very long, even from 6 to 9 inches. 1/. H. Native of New Holland and Van Diemen's Land. Viola gracilis, R. Br. ined. V. he- deracca y, petiolaris, D. C. prod. 1. p. 305. Petals smooth. Slender Erpetion. PI. creeping. 4 E. spathula'tum ; stoloniferous ; leaves on long footstalks, obovate-roundish, toothed, smooth ; peduncle slender ; flower nodding ; spur very short. y . H. Native of New Holland. Viola spatulcita, Sieb. V. Sieberiana, Spreng. syst. app. p. 96. Perhaps a species of Viola. Spatuliite-\evi\eA. Erpetion. PI. creeping. Cult. These are elegant little plants, and deserve to be culti- vated in every garden. They will suit well for rock-work, or to be grown in pots and placed among other alpine plants ; they are all easily increased by separating the runners. All the species require protection in severe weather. VL SO'LEA (in honour of William Sole, an acute English botanist, author of Menthae Brittanicse, 1 vol. fol. Bath, 1798.) Ging. mss. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 30G. — Solea, spec. Spreng. pug. rar. 1. p. 22. Lin. syst. Penlandria, I\[onog>jn'ia. Sepals hardly equal, keeled? not drawn out behind into auricles as in ("iola, but running into the pedicel at the base (Niitt.), reflexed after flower- ing. Petals rather unequal ; lower one a little larger than the rest and a little gibbous at the base, the rest almost equal, con- volute in aestivation ? Stamens approximate, 2 anterior ones bear- ing each on the outside at the base a nectarial gland ? filaments rather unguiculate at the base, with the claws scarcely equalling the ovary in height, bearing the anthers a little higher up. Stigma hooked. Herb pilose. Stems twiggy. Leaves alternate. Peduncles 1 -flowered, short, axillary in pairs, but often solitary from abortion, each furnished with 2 little bracteas. 1 S. co'ncolor (Ging. mss. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 306.) IJ. H. Native of Pennsylvania on limestone rocks. Viola concolor, Forster in Lin. trans. 6. p. 309. t. 28. Perhaps the same as Solea stricta of Spreng. I.e.? Flowers small, green. Sclf-coluurcd-RoviCTed Solea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1788. PI. I'to 2 feet. Cult. Tliis curious plant may be grown in the open border or on rock-work. A limestone or chalky soil will suit it best. It may be either propagated by dividing the plant at the root, or by seeds. It will re(iuire protection in severe weather. VII. POMBA'LIA (in honour of Sebastian Joseph de Car- valho Marquis de Pombal, a famous Portuguese statesman). Vand. fasc. 7. t. 1. D. C. prod. 1. p. 306. LiN. SYST. Penlandria, Monogijnia. Sepals large, run- ning into the pedicel at the base, with the margins echinated with callose prickles. Petals unequal, 4 upper ones short, scarcely exceeding the calyx in length, the lower one 2 or 3 times longer than the rest, somewhat gibbous at the base, stipi- tately-unguiculate, with a broad limb with an involute margin. Filaments unguicidated at the base, with linear claws equal- ling the ovary, oblong, dilated at the top, bearing the antliers very high up, 2 of the filaments bearing each a nectarial gland on the back at the base. Lobes of anthers blunt at the top. Style straight ; stigma funnel-shaped. Capside as in I'lola, usually villous. Cotyledons generally orbicidar, length of the terete radicle. Annual herbs, generally very villous. Root thickish, hard. Leaves alternate. Peduncles axillarv, solitary, not jointed, bibracteolate. Flowers large, drooping. 1 P. I'tubu (Ging. mss. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 307.) ©. $ . S. Viola I'tubu, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 808. t. 318. bad. lonidium I'tubu, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. t. 496. I. Ipecacuanha et calceolaria, Vent. Itouhou is the name of the plant in Guiana. Far. a; stems very hairy; flowers white; seeds whitish; capsules villous. Native of Guiana and Brazil. Sims, bot. mag. 2453. V. Ipecacuanha et calceolaria, Lin. Var. ft ; stems very hairy ; flowers blue. Native in Cayenne. Viola I'tubu, var. flore ctenMeo, Aublet. 1. c. I^ar. y ; stems smoothish ; flowers white; ovary villous; seeds black. Native in Brazil. Pombalia Ipecacuanha, Vand. fasc. 7. t. l.bad. Calceolar. Loefl. itin. p. 184. no. 2. ? Perlups F. Ipecacudnha of Lin. mant. 484. Var. S ; indecora (St. Hil. mem. mus. II. p. 481.) corolla shorter than the cal3'x, smooth ; filaments 3, sterile. Native of Brazil. lonidium indecorum, St. Hil. The roots of these plants are emetic, and probably the white ipecacuan of the shops ; beside these the name of ipecacuan is given to various species ofCynanchum, Asclepias, Euphorbia, Dor- stenia, Psychblria cmctica, but the best is the root of the CalUcocca Ipccacudnha, which is called in the shops the Brown Ipecacuan. With regard to their comparative strengths, De Candolle says that vomiting is produced by 22 grains of Cymmchiun Ipeca- cuanha, 24 of Psyehbiria emelica, 60 or 72 of lonidium calceo- Idrium, and 1 to 3 drachms oi Pombalia I'tubu. The root of this plant fills the place of the true Ipecacuan of the shops. M. Fernambouc regards it as the best remedy that can be employed in dysentery. Some of the inhabitants of Rio-Grande-do- Norte assured M. Aug. St. Hilaire that they can radically cure the gout with a decoction of the roots. The roots are white within and greyish or reddish without ; they are sold by the inhabitants of Brazil for the true Ipecacuan, CalUcbcca Ipeca- cuanha. The Brazilian name of the plant is /'oa//rt da praia oi Poaya bninca. Poaya appears to be a name used by the Brazi- lians for all emetic roots. //o«6o2< or White Ipecacuanha. Fl. Jidy. Clt. 1822. PI. 1 ft. Cult. Although these plants form small shrubs in their native country, they cannot be considered any more than stove annuals in this country, therefore the only mode of preserving them is by seeds, which should be sown in a hot-bed in the spring, where they should remain, or they may be removed into the stove in May. A mixture of peat and sand suits them best. 330 VIOr.ARIE.T:. VIII. PlGEA. IX. loN-IDUM. VIII. PIGEA (meaning unknown). D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 307. Li.v. svsT. Pentdndrid, Monogynia. Sej)als unequal, run- ning into the pedicel at tlie base.' Petals unequal, lower one 4 or 5 times larger than the rest, gibbous at the base, and unguiculate, with a dilated obovate flat limb, wiiich is convolute in .-estivation, the rest a little longer than tlie calyx. Filaments dilated from the base, bearing the anthers low down ; lobes of antliers usually drawn out into a bristle at the apex. Cap- sules generally trigonal, 3-valved ; seeds usually angidar. Herbs or subshrubs. Leaves generally alternate. Flowers ereciish. Peduncles bibracteolate, not jointed, solitary, often racemosely- crowdcd at the top of the branches. 1 P. iilifo'rmis (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 307.) stem erect, undivided ; leaves alternate, linear, <|uitc entire ; lower petal obovate, entire; sepals lanceolate, acute. %. ©. G. Native in New Holland about Port Jackson. Flowers small, blue 1 Filijtiriii Pigca. PI. ^ foot. 2 P.? Banksiana (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 307.) stem erect, puberidous ; leaves alternate, oblong-linear, quite entire, with revolute margins, upper surface rougliish, as well as the awl-shaped stipulas ; lower petal much longer than the calyx ; seeds elliptical, white, striated ? Jj. G. Native of New .South Wales. Viola angustifolia. Herb. Banks. Flowers small, blue ? Perha|)s the same as the preceding. Jianksian Pigea. Shrub 1 foot. 3 P.? caiyci'na (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 307.) stems branched ; leaves linear, quite entire ; lower petal lanceolate, acute; sepals ovate, acuminated. ©? G. Native in New Hol- land on the western coast. Flower small, blue ? Large-calyxcd Pigea. PI. -J foot. 4 P.? monope'tala (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 307.) stems branched ; leaves linear, quite entire ; lower petal spatu- 'ate, emarginate, the rest hardly evident ; sepals ovate. lonidium monopetaluni, I{(Em. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 400. Onc-pclaUcd Pigea. PI. -J foot. Cult. The species may be grown in a mixture of loam and peat, and no doubt cuttings, "if planted under a hand-glass in sand, will root readily, or they may be increased by seeds. -j- IX. lOXI'DIUM ((01', ion, a violet, and ttcoc, ehh'S, similar; itsenil)l:iMCe). D. C. prod. I. p. 307. lonidii, spec. Vent, malm. p. 27. Sijlca, spec. Spreng. LtN. SVST. I'cnidndria, Monogynia. Sepals small, tmequal, running into the peduncle at the base, but not ajjpendiculate, with membranous margins. Petals unequal, lower one 2 or 3 times longer than the rest, carinately-concave and a little gibbous at the l)ase, unguiculate, gradually dilating into the lin)b, with the margin usually involute in a-stivation. Stamens approximate ; (ilamints scarcely oblong-dilated from the base, bearing the anthers low down ; the 2 anterior ones are usually furnished each with a neetarial gland at the base. Capsule as in I'lulii, but not elastic, falling off after maturity by the jointed part of the peduncle, 1-G, rarely 9-seeded. Cotyledons usually reniform ; radicle short. Herbs or subshrubs. Leaves sometimes alter- nate, sometimes opposite, or the lower ones opposite and the u|)])er ones alternate. Peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, furnished with 2 little bracteas above the middle and jointed. Flowers erectish. The roots of all the species arc more or less emetic, The roots of several are used in Braxil as emetics under the name of Poaya or Ipecacuanha. S 1- Lip slipitate, trvlce or thrice longer than the calyx. II.? ano'malum (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 381.) t. 500.) puberulous ; stem branched ; ramcal leaves alternate, lanceolate-oblong, acuminate, serrated, upper surface glabrous; under surface hoary ; stipulas broad, ovate, aciUe ; sepals ovate- acute, silky-pulie.scent ; lip lanceolate, 4 or 5 times longer than the calyx, the rest of the petals ovate, acute. f; . S. Native in woods nearTurbaco in New Granada. Viola prunifolia. Willd. rel. in U • m. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 3!)1. Flowers white, rising before the leaves. Anthers linear-oblong; 2 of which are fur- nished with hooked, descending appendages, which are villous at the apex, and these are drawn in within the jointed concave spur. /t nomaloits lonidium. Tree 20 feet. 2 1. RActMosuM (Necs et Mart. act. bon. 12. p. 49.) herbaceous ; stem erect : leaves lanceolate, serrated ; racemes axillary, furcately divided, leafy at the base and naked at the top: flowers very minute, "if.. S. Native of Brazil. Stem smooth at the base. Leaves rather pubescent. Flowers white. Sepals ciliated. Racemose lonidium. PI. 1 foot. 3 I. PARiETARi^Fo'LirM (D. C. mss. and prod. I. p. 308.) stem branched, pubescent ; leaves alternate, elliptical, or ovate-lan- ceolate, acuminated, toothed, somewhat pubescent, two-coloured; stipulas awl-shaped, ciliated ; sepals acuminated, ciliated ; limb of lower petal somewhat rhomboid. O? S. Native of South America. Flowers white or blue. Var. o, l/ou.stoni (D. C. prod. 1. p. 308.) leaves sharply ser- rated ; stem hairy. Native about Vera Cruz and in Peru, Viola frutescens, Uuiz et Pav. ined. I ar. ly, Bcitirii (D. C. ])rod. 1. c.) leaves rather serrated ; stem pubescent. Native in St. Martha. Viola melaiiosperma, Bertero ined. Seeds lenticidar, ovate, dark, shining. Cotyle- dons reniform. Pellitury-leaved lonidium. Fl. July. PI. 1 foot, 4 I. LEi'TORHi'zuM (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 308.) stem simple or sparin;^ly branche.l, smoothish ; leaves alternate, gla- brous, ovate, acute, toothed, tapering into the footstalk ; stipulas linear-awl-shaped ; sepals very acute. ©. ? S. Native of Malab;,r and Tranquebar in sand.— Hheed. mal. 9. p. 119. t. 61.— Pluk. aim. t. 120. f. 8. Hardly differing from the pre- ceding species. Two of the petals are rose-purple, the third blue. , hroad, ob- cordate ; lilaiiU'iUs longer tlian the lol)es of the anthers. Ti, S. Native of Brazil in <;rassy fields near the villaj^e ealled Conten- das, in the desert of the river .St. Francisco. Petals pale-bliie. I'dr. ji, dcntalum (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 484.) lower leaves obso- letely-tootlu'd. ICool/i/ lonidiiini. Fl. Sept. PI. J to ^ foot. ^'2 I. na'nim (.St. Ilil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 484. t. 23. f. b.) stem dwarf; leaves alternate, upper ones sometimes opposite, acutish, toothed, but quite entire at the base, pubescent or pilose; footstalks hairy; stipidas small, linear, acute; sepals lanceolate, acuminated, >?c«r/' lonidium. Fl. .Ian. Shrub 3 or 3 inches. aa I. BiciBBOSL'M (St, Ilil. in mem. nms. 11. p. 418. t. 23. f. d.) stem shrubby ; leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate, acumi- nated, obsolctely toothed, glabrous, with the middle nerve pu- bescent ; flowers all axillary ; sepals finely ciliated ; lip of flower ovate-oblong, obtuse, bigibbose at the base of the claw, h , .S. Native of Brazil in old woods near the town of St. Carlos, in the province of St. Paul. Petals greenish. Bi^il)bnii.s-V\\i]iv(\ lonidiinn. Fl. Oct. Shrub 1- to 6 feet. 24 I. oeeosiTiFoLiuM (Rocm. ct .Schult. syst. 5. p. y!)j. St. Ilil. in mem. mus. II. p. 4S7.) stem sufl'ruticose, branched; leaves opposite, almost sessile, lanceolate-linear, remotely ser- rated, but very entire at the apex, with scabrous margins ; stipulas awl -shaped ; flowers in racemes ; calyx glabrous ; lip of flower transversely-elli|)tical, with rounded sides. I; . .S. Na- tive of Brazil in the sand on the banks of the river .Ii(iuitinhonha, on the confines of the provinces of Bahia and Minas Geraes. \ iola oppositifolia, Lin. spec. l.'}27. Petals violaceous. Ojiposile-leaied lonidium. Fl. Jidy. PI. -V to 1 foot. h 2. Lip almost sessile, hiinllij In-icc the length of the eiilyjc. 25 I. ATROPURPu REtiM (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 400.) stem sufl'ruticose ; lower leaves ovate, upper ones lanceolate, all acuminated and acute, obsoletely serrated, glabrous ; stipulas caducous ; flowers all racemose, small ; sepals finely ciliated ; lip of flo.ver orbicular, scarcely larger than the lateral petals. I; . S. Native of Brazil on the margins of woods on the nunm- tain called Serra-da-Estrada-Nova, a little distance from Kio .laneiro ; also in cultivated places, and in the cut down woods called Capueiras, near a farm called Uba. Lip of flower dark- puri-le. J)(ir/{-purple-V\\ty)ed lonidium. Fl. Nov. Feb. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 2U I. TiiEsiiFOLn m(D. C. mss. ctprod. 1. p. .309.) stem erect, simple, glabrous ; leaves alternate, narrow, very long, glabrous, ([uite entire; sti])ulas and sejials awl-shaped; petals scarcely longer than the calyx. If.. S. Native of Senegal and other parts of Giunea. Viola thesiifolia, Poir. diet. 8. p. G40. Flowers very small, pale-blue. 7'/(c.v(Mm-/eni<(/ lonidium. Fl. June, July. CIt. 1823. Pl.^ft. 27 I. LiNiFOMUM (I). C. mss. et prod. l'. p. 30!).) stem erect, puberulous ; leaves alternate, linear, narrow, smooth ; stipulas awl-shaped. © ? S. Native of Madagascar. Viola linifolia, Poir. diet. 8. p. (i47. Flowers pale-blue. I'ldx-leaved lonidium. Fl. June, July. PI. -J foot. 28 I. roLYGAr..'F.r6LirM (\'eut. malm. t. 27.) stems branched, diHuse, procinnbent ; branches ))ul)erul()us ; leaves opposite, lanceolate, rather entire ; stipulas lanceolate, one-half shorter than the leaves ; sepals ovate-oblong, acute, pid)escent ; lip si)atnlate, rounded at the aj)ex, exceeding the calyx ; nectarial scales fleshy; capsules roundish, trigonal, 1-j-seeded ; seeds somewhat globose, shining, black, with the sides flattened ; cotyledons reniform. h . S. Native of New Spain, and near Mexico. H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. anier. 5. p. 376. t. 496. Solea vcrticillata, Spreng. in Sehrad. journ. bot. 1800. vol. 2. p. 190. t. 6. Viola verticilliita, Orteg. dec. 4. p. 50. Flowers greenish-yellow or white. Milknorl-leaicd lonidium. Fl. April, .\ug. Clt. 1795. Shrub 1 foot. 29 I. URTiCEF^LirM (Mart. mat. mcd. bras, ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 98.) branches covered with clammy pubescence ; leaves almost sessile, somewhat cordate, ovate, acute, serrated, smooth ; peduncles few-flowered ; sepals entire ; lower petals square, •y.. S. Native of Brazil. SiJlea urtica'folia, Spreng. 1. c. Flowers white or bluish. Root emetic. Nettle-leaved lonidium. PI. 1 foot. 30 I. gra'cii.e (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. icon, and D. C. prod. 1. p. 309.) stems erectish, .almost simple ; leaves alternate, oblong, entire ; stipidas ovate-lanceolate, one-half shorter than tlie leaves ; petals scarcely longer than the calyx, lower one hardly larger than the rest ; seeds ovate, black. %. S. Native of Mexico. Perhaps a variety of /. jwlygaltef blium. Slender lonidium. PI. i foot. 31 I. visci'Dri,r.M (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 377.) stem woody, erect, branched, clammy ; leaves opposite, lanceo- late, glabrous, remotely serrulate ; stijjulas awl-shaped, minute ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; lip with a long claw, very broad, ovate, acute, dilated and concave at the base ; the lateral pet.ils length of the claw of the superior petal ; 2 anterior sta- mens, each furnished at the base with a gland ; terminal mem- branes acute. I; . S. Native in humid sandy places near An- gustura on the banks of the Orinoco. Flowers sweet-scented, white ; but with the li)) spotted with yellow at the base. / isc;V/-branched lonidium. .Shrub A to 1 foot. 32 I. Rii'A RiuM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 378.) stem herbaceous, erect, somewhat branched, pubescent ; lower leaves opposite, lanceolate, crenate-scrrated ; glabrous, some- what ciliated ; stipulas awl-shaped, minute ; sepals lanceolate, acuminated or awl-shaped, ciliated ; lip unguiculate, ovate-round- ish, saccate and concave at the base ; lateral petals one-half shorter than the rest, all ciliated towards the l)ase ; filan.enls almost wanting, 2 anterior ones fiirnished each with a scale- formed gland ; terminal membranes acute ; capsules ovate- globose, somewhat com])ressed, shining, brown. ©. S. Native of the kingdom of New Granada near Angostura de Carare, on the banks of the river Magdalena, at the height of SCO feet. I. attenuutum, Willd. herb, ex Ra-m. et Seluilt. syst. 5. p. 402. Flowers blue. River-side lonidium. Fl. June, July. PI. ' to 1 foot. 33 I. verbena'ceum (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 379. t. 497.) stem herbaceous, erect, somewhat br.mclied, pu- bescent ; leaves alternate, ovate-elliptical, acute, running into the footstalk at the ba.se, crenate-serrated, hairy on Ixnh sur- faces ; stipulas linear-awl-shaped, puberulou<, somewhat longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, acuminatetl, ciliated ; lip with a long claw, roundish-elliptic, furnished with 2 gibbosities at the base, twice or ihrice longer than the calyx ; lateral petals a little longer than the calyx ; filaments short, 2 inferior, gibl)ous at the base, in conse(iuence of each being fur- nished with a gland ; terminal membranes emarginate. Q. S. Gathered in the gardens of -Mexico. Flowers pale-blue. /'cn«;H-/;A<- lonidium. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823. PI. i ft. 34 I. ciRCKOi'Drs (II. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 379. t. 498.) stem herbaceous, erect, simple, jjuberulous ; leaves op- posite, ovate, acuminated, serrate, glabrous, rounded at the base; stipulas glabrous, linear, falcate, almost equalling the footstalks in lenglh; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuuiin.ited, glabrous; lip VIOLARIE^E. IX. loNiDiuM. X. IIybantiu:; 339 with a long claw, roundisli-ovate, ol)tusc, 5 times longer than the calvx ; lateral petals S times shorter than the lower one, ob- long, falcate, narrowed in the middle, hence they appear as if furnished with an obtuse lobule on each side below ; filaments short, 2 inferior ones furnished each with a gland at the base ; terminal membranes emarginate ; capsules glabrous, roundish- ovate, trigonal, 3 times longer than the calyx, 6 seeded, with oblong valves ; immature seeds globosely-ovate, flattish, carun- culate. ©. S. Native near Guayaqtiil in shady places on the shore of the Pacific ocean. \Villd. herb, ex Kcem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 401. Flowers violaceous. Circiea-like lonidium. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 35 1. GLUTINO SUM (Vent. malm. no. 27. in adn.) stems erect- ish, pubescent, clannny ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, tapering a gi-eat way into the footstalk, sliar])ly-toothed ; stipidas awl- shaped, shorter than the footstalks of the leaves; lip obcordate. 1/ . G. Native of Buenos Ayres. Viola glutinosa, Poir. diet. 8. p. 647. Calyx, when dry, greenish, not violaceous, as in the following, to which it is very mucli akin. Claiiiiinj lonidium. Fl. PI. J foot. 3G I. parviflo'rim (Vent. malm. p. 27. in adn.) shrubby, branched, diffuse ; branches elongated, puberulous ; leaves alter- nate, ovate, serrated, tapering a little way into the footstalk ; stipidas lanceolate, awl-sliaped, scarcely the length of the foot- stalks of the leaves ; peduncles glabrous, rising above the leaves; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute ; lip 3 times longer than the calyx, ovate, 2-lobed, with the lobes roundish and spreading ; nectarial scales somewhat clavate ; capsules roundish, trigonal, 3 times longer than the calyx, 3-5-seeded. T; . S. Native in the warmer regions of South America near Santa-Fe-de-Bogota. H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 375. Viola parviHora, Lin. fil. suppl. 396. Flowers purplish. The roots are yellow, and are used instead of Ipecacuanha in the southern parts of the province of St. Paul in Brazil as well as in Peru. far. /j ? branches very long. Viola filiformis, Ruiz, et Pav. ined. Native of Peru. Small-Jlonercd lonidium. Fl. June, July. Shrub procumbent. 37 I. jiicrophy'llum (H. B. et Kimth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 374. t. 495.) shrubby, branched, difluse ; branches pubescent ; leaves opposite, elliptical-oblong, acute, serrated, rather pilose, ciliated ; peduncles 3 times longer than the leaves, marked witli a puberulous line ; stipulas lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated, 3 times longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; sepals ovate-oblong, acute; lip somewhat fiddle-shaped; double the length of the calyx; nectarial scales somewhat ovate, capsules roundish-elliptical, trigonal, 3-6-seeded. 't • S. Native among stones near Lac- tacunga in Q\nto, at the height of 4t40 feet. Viola microce- phala, Bonpl. ined. Viola microphy'lla, Willd. herb. Viola par- vifiora, Rocm. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 391. Flowers pnrplisli. Small-leaved lonid'um. Shrub procumbent. •l" Species not suffciently known. 38 I.? Claytonioi DES (Rocm. et Sclnilt. syst. 5. p. 402.) stem furnished with one perfoliate leaf. Native — ? Claylonk-Uhc lonidium. PL A foot. 39 I.? ere'ctum (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 311.) •Stem straight, filiform, roughish ; leaves linear, mucronate, re- motely denticulated, straight ; stipulas lanceolate, ciliated, ad- pressed ; flowers solitary, axillary, nodding. Native of the East Indies. Viola erecta, Roth. nov. spec. 105. Flowers very small. Erect lonidium. PI. J foot. 40 I.? sUFfRUTico'suM (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 311.) stems procumbent, roughish; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, serrated, somewhat pubescent ; stipidas lanceolate, jjilose, at length spreading, form of prickles ; flowers axillary, equal be- hind, nodding. I; . ? S. Native of tiie East Indies. Viola snflruticosa, Roth. nov. spec. 165. Siiffriitico.se lonidium. Shrub procumbent. 41 I.? frute'scens (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 311.) stems ascending, roughish, shrubby at the l>ase ; leaves oblong- lanceolate, mucronate, glabrous, somewhat ciliated, serrated ; stipulas setaceous, erect, pilose ; flowers axillary, solitary, equal behind, nodding, tj . ? S. Native of the East Indies. Viola frutescens, Roth. nov. spec. 167. Frutcscent lonidium. Shrub i foot. 42 I.? BREVicAU LE (Mart, inlitt. and D. C. prod. 1 . p. 311.) stem short, ascending ; leaves crowded, almost sessile, alternate, ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrated, pubescent. Native of Brazil. S/iort-stemmed lonidium. PI. ~ foot. 43 I. linea'tum (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 311.) branches procumbent ; leaves opposite, ovate, lined, stalked, under surface pubescent ; stipulas awl-shaped. Ij . ? S. Native of Cuba. Viola lineata, Orteg. dec. 4. p. 19. Lower petal or lip violaceous, with a white claw ; lateral ones violaceous, upper one white. I'ar.fi? lower leaves obovate, smoothish. Native of Cuba. Viola lineikta, herb. hort. monsp. Zraf(/-leaved lonidium. Shrub procumbent. 44 I.? calceoea'rium (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 311.) stem branched, pilose; leaves opposite, elliptic-lanceolate, tapering into the footstalk, somewhat stem-clasping; stipulas awl-shaped; sepals awnedly-acuminated, glabrous. Q. S. Native of Mexico. Calceolaria, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. not of Poir. Perhaps the Viola calcaria labello obovato retuso of Lix'fl. itin. p. 183. no. 1. )S7(yj^jcc-flowered lonidium. PI. 1 foot. 45 I. ? longifo'lium (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 311. but not of Iloem. et Schult.) stems sim- plish ; leaves opposite, lanceolate-linear, rarely serrated, very acute ; stipulas lanceolate, somewhat longer than the footstalks ; peduncles 3 times longer than the leaves. 1/ . S. Native of Mexico. Long-leaved lonidium. PI. 1 foot. Cult. These plants grow best in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat, and young cuttings of the stove and green-house perennials and shrubs will root freely if planted in sand under a bell-glass. The annual species may be sown in pots and plunged in a gentle hot-bed, and when the plants have attained two or three inches in height, they should be planted separately into small pots, and shifted from time to time as they grow, and about the end of June they may be removed into the green-house, where they will ripen their seed : or they may be planted out in the open border about the end of May, in front of a south wall. X. HYBA'NTHUS (from vjjos, hyhos, a tuber, and avSroc, anthos ; in allusion to the form of the spur.)-Jacq. amer. 77. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 385. D. C. prod. 1. p. 31 1. LiN. SYST. Pcnidndria, Munogynia. Sepals unequal, run- ning into the pedicel at the base, but not appendiculated. Pe- tals unequal ; lower one saccate at the base, longer than the rest, channelled in the middle and dilated at the apex into a 2- lobed limb, the rest shorter and 3-nerved. Stamens oblong, connate between themselves into a disk at the base ; anthers inserted low down, two lower ones with contiguous obliterated cells, and furnished each with a nectarial shell-formed gland at the base ; these glands are drawn in within the swelling of the lower petal. Capsules obovate, few-seeded. Inelegant, usually spiny shrubs, with the appearance of Randia. Leaves scat- tered, those on the branches alternate, and somewhat fasciculate on the stems. Peduncles on the sides, or lateral, solitary, or many crowded together, bifid at the apex. Flowers pedicellate, Xx 2 340 VIOLARIE.T;. X. IIybaktirs. XI. Ancuietea. XII. Gonohokia. wliitisli, uiili the pedicels br.icteate at tlic base and jointed aljovf ilic base. .St. -An;;. .St. Hilaire considers Pombalia and llifbintllius to be identical with lonidium. 1 il. Havanensis (H. B. et Kiinth, 1. c. p. 385. t. 194.) stem erect, spiny, branched ; leaves oblong, remotely serrated ; flowers whitish ; lower petal 2-lobed at the apex ; peduncles bifid, somewhat racemose. tj . S. Native near Havana!) in the island of Cuba. far. a, Jacrjuinianiis (D. C. prod. p. 311.) leaves emarginate at the a])e.\, tapering at the base ; sepals ovate, 3 lower ones gibbous at the base ; flowers so small as scarcely to be examined with the naked eye ; petals, ■!• of which are ovate and ol)tuse, the fit'tli one is oblong, attenuate in the middle and bilid at the a])ex, a little longer than the rest; style awl-siiajied. V^.S. Native in wooded mountains. lonidium Jacquijiianum, Itocm. ct Schult. syst. 5. p. 397. I'nr. />, 1 1 umhuldtianus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 312.) leaves entire at the apex, scarcely stalked ; stipulas ovate, obtuse ; flowers in racemose fascicles, larger than those of var. a ; sepals oblong, obtuse, smooth ; lower petal saccate and concave at the base, 3 times longer than the c.ilyx, with a dilated 2-lobcd limb, lateral ones oblong, obtuse, obsoletely 3-lobed, double the length of the calyx, ii|)per ones obtuse, hardly siiorter than the lateral ones ; anthers somewhat cordate ; ovary roundish-ovate, gla- brous, 9-seeded; style jointed and somewhat hooked at the apex. Ilavanah Hybanthus. .Shrub 2 to 7 feet. 2 II. .' Mexica^us (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 312.) stem prickly ; leaves oblong ; lower petal acuminated at the a])ex ; peduncles 1 -flowered, in fascicles. J;. S. Native of Mexico. Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers whitish ? Mexican Hybanthus. Shrub 1 foot. Cult. These shrubs may be grown in a nn'xture of loam, sand, and peat ; and young cuttings will root freely under a bell-glass if planted in sand, and placed in a moderate heat. XI. ANCHIE'TEA (in honour of P. Anchietea, a very celebrated Brazilian Jesuit, who wrote on the plants of the pro- vince of St. Paul in Brazil.) St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 4G4. pi. usu. bras. t. 18. Lin. SYST. Pcnkhidria, ^lonogytiia. Calyx deeply 5 -parted, unc(|ual. Petals 5, very imequal, two upper ones smallest, tw o intermediate ones longer, lowest one largest, and unguiculate, with a spur at the base. Anthers almost sessile, alternating with the petals, two lowest ones on very short filaments, each drawn out into a lilifonn appendage, w^hich is bent back into tiie s))iir. Ovary superior. Stigma simple. Capside large, l)laddery, in- flated, obtusi', 1 -celled, 3-valved, many-seeded. Valves mem- branaceous, bearing the seeds on the middle. Seeds in 2 rows, large, very flat, emarginate at the umbilicus, and girded by a broad membrane — Slirubs with alternate, stalked, stipulate leaves. Sti])ulas twin, lateral, caducous. Flowers axillary, so- litary, or in fascicles. 1 A. sALUTA'nis (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 4C5.) leaves ovate, acute, crenated; flowers in axillary fascicles; upper petal longer than the calyx; labellum ovate; spur incurved. •; . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul. The roots of this shrub are used by many persons in the neighbourhood of Rio Janeiro, as a cathartic. It is used with success in eruptions of the skin. Flowers whitish. Sutufarij Anchietea. Shrub 6 feet. 2 A. PYiMFoLiA ; leaves ovate, acute, crenated ; flowers in axillary fascicles ; upper petal longer than the calyx ; labelhmi obovate; spur incurved. I; . ^. S. Native of Brazil about Rio Janeiro. Noisettia pyrif olia, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 21. t. IG. Flowers whitish, veined with red at the base ; lower petal ob- ovate. fcnr-Ztrttrrf .Vnchielea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 182G. Shrub cl. Cult. Vox cultivation and propagation see Hybdnthus. Tribe II. AL.SODI'NE,^ (R. Br.congo. p. 21. D. C. prod. 1. p. 312.) Petals equal between themselves. Stamens usually joined to- gether at their base, or adnate to the inner side of an urceolus, which is situated between the petals and the stauicns. Accord- ing to Aug. St. Hilaire (see mem. mus. 11. p. 493.) AUbdca, Ceranthira, and liinuria are not generically distinct. XII. GONOHO'RIA {Gonohork is the name of Gonohuria Jhntscciis in Guiana.) D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 312. Gono- horia, Passoiira and Riana, Atd)l. guian. 1 . p. 237 and 239. t. 9j and 91-. and app. p. 21. t. 380. Lin. syst. Pcntaiidria, Monogijitia. Sepals imbricate. Petals convolute in a-stivation. .Stamens free, approximate ; filaments on short sti])es, dilated at the apex into a strap, fur- nished each on the outside with an appendiculate erect scale, and bearing the anthers a little higher up ; lobes of anther bristly at the apex. Style flexnous, awl-shaped ; stigma obtuse. Ovary villous. Capsule 3-valved, with the valves few-seeded. Seeds according to Aublet globose. Shrul)s with opposite or alternate leaves. Flowers in axillary or terminal racemes. Pedicels very short, erect, 1 -flowered, furnished with a bractea at the base of each, and 2 bracteoles in the middle. Flowers small, white. Stipulas deciduous. 1 G. Ria'na (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 312.) leaves ovate, serrated, acuminated at the ape.x ; scales of stamens acumi- nated; racemes spike-formed. fj . .S. Native in the woods of Guiana about Arauren. Riana Guianensis, .\ubl. guian. 1. p. 237. t. 94. Flowers white, liiana is probably the name of the tree in Gui.ina. liiana Gonohoria. Shrub 10 feet. 2 G. ui.MiFoLiA (II. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. anicr. 5. p. 387. t. 491.) leaves twin or tern, but somewhat opposite at the top of the branchlets, oblong, acuminated, toothed, smooth, upper surface shining, with the nerves and veins pubendous ; racemes terminal, solitary, branched, 2 or 3 times shorter than the leaves. I; . S. Native of New Granada on the banks of the river Magdalena. Sepals lanceolate, ciliated. Petals 2 or 3 times longer than the calyx, oblong, obtuse, veined, with the veins somewhat parallel, flat, and whitish. Terminal membranes of stamens rounded at the apex. Scales wanting on the lower stamens ? Ovary triquetrous, ])ilose, 3-seeded. Capsules obovate, turbinate, tricpictrous, rather pilose or smooth and brown at the apex. Seeds somewhat globose, with the sides hardly com- pressed, smooth, glabrous, marked by a longitudinal furrow from the hilum to the opposite favcola. Flower whitish ? Elm-lcavcd Gonohoria. Shrid) 10 feet. 3 G. Passou'ha (I). C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 312.) leaves ovate, almost entire, with a short acumen at the apex ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; scales of stamens acme. I; . S. Native in the woods of Guiana. Gonohoria flavesccns, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 239. t. ^3. P.issoura, Aubl. guian. suppl. p. 21. t. 380. Pai- soura is the name of the tree in (iuiana. Flowers yellow. Passoura Gonohoria. Shrub (> feet. 4 G. LoBoi.o'uA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 494.) leaves alternate and opposite, crowded at the tops of the branches, oblong-lanceolate, narrow, acute, obsolctely-serrated ; racemes simple ; pedicels puberuhuis ; scales hardly manifest at the base of the stamens ; seeds fixed to the base of the placentas. 1; . .S. Native of Brazil ne.nr Rio Janeiro. Alsodea physiphora, ^lart. VIOLARIEiE. XII. GoNoHoRiA. XIII. Rinoria. XIV. Alsodea. XV. Ceranthera. 341 H. bras. 1. p. 29. t. 20. Pliysipliora lajvigata, Sol. niss. The green leaves are very mucilaginous, and have an herbaceous taste, tlie negroes in many of the cantons in tiie environs of Rio Janeiro eat them with their food. M. Aug. St. Hilaire is of opinion tliat the leaves would acquire a more agreeable taste if the slirub was planted in good soil luuler the shade of trees, in order to blanch them. Lobuluba is the Brazilian name of the shrub. Lobolohu Gonohoria. Fl. Sept. Nov. Siu-ub 6 feet. 5 G. cASTANE.EFOLiA (St. Hil. 1. c p. 495.) leaves alternate and opposite, crowded at the top of the branches, oblong ; lan- ceolate sharply serrated, mucronate, with the lateral nerves parallel, rather prominent ; racemes compound, rather loose, pubescent ; urceolus cup-shaped ? girding the ovary. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in hedges not far from Rio Janeiro. C/icsnul -leaved Gonohoria. Fl. Aug. Shrub C feet. 6 G. RACEMo'sA ; leaves opposite, oblong, acuminated, quite entire, smooth on both surfaces ; racemes opposite, elongated ; pedicels cvmose ; filaments lanceolate, acute, serridated ; cells of anthers horned. T;.S. Native of Brazil. Alsodea racemosa, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 29. t. 20. Flowers small, white. Jiaccmose-i\ov:ered Gonohoria. Fl. Nov. Dec. Shrub 6 feet. 7 G. cu'srA (H. B. et Kunth, 7. p. 21-2. under Gonoria.) leaves elliptical-oblong, obtuse, qtiite entire, smooth, shining above, upper ones opposite ; peduncles simple, bracteate. I^ • S. Na- tive of New Granada. Alsodea Cuspa, Spreng. syst. append, p. 99. Flowers white, small. Cuspa is the name of the tree in New Granada, where its bark is celebrated for its frebrifugal qualities both in powder and in decoction. Cuspa Gonohoria. Tree 20 feet. 8 G. Megapota'mica ; leaves elliptical, oblong, quite entire, reticulately veined, rather pubescent beneath ; peduncles cymi- fcrous, axillary, bifid ; filaments bearded on the back. Tj . S. Native of Brazil at Rio Grande. Alsodea, Spreng. syst. app.p. 99. Rio Grande Gonohoria. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. The species of the genus Gonohuria will grow well in a mixture of loam and sand, and young cuttings will root freely under a bell-glass if planted in sand. None of the species have vet been introduced to the gardens. XIII. RINO'REA {Riiwri is the name of R. Guianensis in Guiana.) Aubl. guian. 1. p. 2.'J5. t. 93. D. C. prod. 1. p. 312. Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogijnia. Character the same as Gonohuria, but with the filaments dilated from the base and joined into an urceolus, girding the ovary, and bearing the anthers lower down, approximate. Middle-sized trees. Leaves alternate, stipulate ; stipulas deciduous. Flowers in racemes ; racemes axillary or terminal, loosely paniclcd. Pedicels drooping, 1- flowered, bearing a bractea at the base of each, with two smaller ones toward the middle, and joint- ed. Flowers small, white. Ovary ovate, 3-lobed, 1 -celled, 3-seeded. According to St. Hilaire this genus does not differ from Gonohoria. 1 R. Guiane'nsis (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 235. t. 93.) flowers in com- poimd racemes ; leaves deeply-ser- rated. \ . S. Native of Guiana and Brazil. Gonohoria Rinoria, .St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 495. Alsodea panicidata, Mart. fl. bras, p. 30. t. 21. Guiana Rinorea. Tree 14 feet. 2 R. ? INTEGRIFOLIA (Giug. mSS. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 313.) pe- duncles solitary or in pairs, 1- FIG flowered ; leaves entire. \i . S. Native of Brazil. Gonohoria alternifolia, Spreng. new entd. 2. p. 151. Flowers whitish. Eniire-leaced^morcix. Tree 15 feet. Cxdt. Tlie species of this genus should be cultivated in the same manner as Gonohoria, which see. XIV. ALSO'DEA (from aXirwcijf, alsodcs, leafy ; plants thickly beset with leaves.) Pet. Th. hist. veg. afr. 2. p. 55. t. 17 and 18. nov. gen. madag. p. 55. D. C. prod. 1. p. 313. Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogijnia. Sepals acute, imbricate, 3 exterior and 2 interior. Petals alternate, longer than the sepals, twisted in aestivation. Stamens alternating with the petals ; filaments loosened from or adnate to the urceolus which girds the ovary, hence dilated into ligulae, not unguiculated, bearing the anthers at the base of those ligulae, exceeding the ovary in length ; lobes of anther usually drawn out at the apex into bristly appendages. Urceolus simple on the outside, or girded or furnished with various appendages. Ovary simple. Style club- shaped. Capsule covered with the permanent calyx and corolla, obversely turbinate, bluntly 3-sided. Seeds one or two in each valve. Cotyledons orbicular. — .Shrubs or trees from Mada- gascar. Leaves usually alternate, feather-nerved ; stipidas small, deciduous. Flowers small, whitish, racemose ; racemes axil- lary and terminal. Pedicels bracteate, jointed. § 1. Urceolus simple. 1 A. PAuciFLORA (Pet. Th. 1. c. p. 57. f. 17.) urceolus of stamens simple; leaves wedge-shaped on short footstalks; flowers few, somewhat corymbose ; pedicels reflexed. Ij . S. Native of Madagascar in shady places. Ferv-Jlowered Alsodea. Shrub 4 feet. 2 A. arbo'rea (Pet. Th. 1. c. p. 57.) urceolus of stamens simple ; leaves on long footstalks, deflexed ; flowers paniclcd. ^ . S. Native of Madagascar. Tree Alsodea. Clt. 1823. Tree 20 feet. § 2. Urceolus girded. 3 A. angustifo'lia (Pet. Th. 1. c. p. 57. t. 17. f. 1.) urceolus of stamens girded ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, toothed ; racemes spiked. ^2 • ^- Native of Madagascar. Narrow-leaved Alsodea. Shrub 6 feet. 4 A. latifo'lia (Pet. Th. 1. c. p. 57. t. 18. f. 2.) urceolus of stamens girded ; leaves ovate, obtusely-acuminated; racemes glabrous, dense. fj . S. Native of Madagascar. Broad-leaved KhoAe^. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 feet. 5 A. pube'scens (Pet. Th. 1. c. p. 57. t. 18. f. 3.) urceolus of stamens girded ; leaves ovate, cuneated at the base, serrated ; racemes loose, pubescent. Vi , S. Native of Madagascar. Puhescent-v&cemeA Alsodea. Shrub C feet ? Cult. The species of this genus will thrive best in a mixture of loam and sand, and young cuttings will strike root under a bell-glass if planted in a pot of sand, placed in heat. XV. CERANTHE-RA (/.fpac, heras, a horn, and a.'6»;pe/, anthera, an anther ; in allusion to the lobes of the anthers being terminated by a bristle.) Beauv. fl. ow. 2. p. 11. t. G5. D. C. prod. 1. p. 313. — Passalia, Banks herb, ex Brown, congo, p. ai. Alsodea species, Spreng. Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogijnia. Sepals acute. Petals lanceolate, twice the length of the sepals. Urceolus toothed, joined with the petals at the base, situated between the petals and stamens. Filaments unguiculate at the base ; hence dilated into pet.il-like scales at the apex, bearing the anthers high up at the base of the scales ; lobes of anthers bristly ; claws of filaments adnate to the urceolus, but free at the top. Ovary ovate. Capsides unknown. — Shrubs. Leaves alternate. 342 VIOLARIEiE. XVI. Pestaloba. XVII. Spatilaria. XVIII. IIvmesantiiera. XIX. Piparea. broad. Flowers in panicled racemes ; pedicels bracteate. Flowers small, grecnisli-yellow. Obs. From the figures of Beauvais, fl. ow. 1. c. the struc- ture of the stamens appears to be the same as those of Gonohorin, l>ut diH'ers in the stamens being fixed to the inner parietes of the urceolus, not free as in Gonoliuria. It diflers from Alsodca as Rinbriu does from Gonohur'ia, in the filaments being ungui- culate, not dilated from the base, and bearing the anthers high up, not low down. 1 C. denta'ta (Bcauv. fl. ow. et ben. 2. p. 1 1. t. 6,5.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, toothed ; petals lanceolate-ovate. >j . S. Na- tive of Buonopozo in the kingdom of Waree, and in many other parts of Guinea, Sierra Leone, Cape Coast, and the Island of St. Thomas, Isles do Los, &c. Flowers small, yellowish- white. 7W/i«/-leaved Ceranthera. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1824. Shrub (i feet. 2 C. srniNTEORiFo'LiA (Beauv. 1. c. t. 6C.) leaves lanceolate- oblong, rarely with sinuated margins ; ])etals ovate. Tj . S. Native about the town of Waree and many other parts of Guinea. Flowers white. .SH/«vi^irc-/fn(f(/ Ceranthera. Fl. Ju. Jid. Clt. 182i. Sh. 6 ft. Cull. These shrubs will thrive best in a mixture of loam and sand, and young cuttings will root if planted in sand under a bell-glass, plunged in heat. X\ I. PKNTA'LOBA (from ttivti, pcntc, five, and Xo/3oc, lobos, a lobe ; in allusion to the 5-lobed berry.) Lour. coch. p. lot. 1). C. ))rod. 1. p. ;jll. Lin. svst. PenUmdria, Monogijnia. Sepals 5, lanceolate, erect, pilose. Petals .'>, lanceolate, somewhat reflexcd at the apex, conniving into a little bell at the base. Nectary 5- toothed, erect ; filaments .'>, filiform, flattish, standing upon the incisures of the nectary, almost cciual in length to the corolla. Ovary pilose. .Style short, ])ilosc ; stigma simple. Berry roundish, 5-lobed, 1 celled, 5-seede(l ; seeds ovate. A middle- sized tree with alternate leaves, and pale, sessile, crowded flowers. Perhaps a con^ciwr of A I. wdca ? 1 P. sk'ssilis (Lour. fl. coch. p. 154.). I^ . G. Native on mountains in Coehiu-China. Flowers wliitish. .ScMJ/c-flowered Pent.tloba. Tree 20 feet ? Cull. This tree should be grown in a mixture of loam and peat. Young cuttings will root under a bell-i;lass, if planted in sand. XVII. SPATULARIA (from . petals). .St. Mil. in mem. mus. 1 1 Lin. syst. Pcntandiia, iMoiio- gijnia. Calyx small, 5-i)arled, rather une(|ual (f. Gfi. c), deci- duous. Petals 5, elliptical, in- serted at the base of the calyx (f. CG. h.), with long claws, spa- tulale, ratlier unet]\ial, deciduous, with the claws conniving into a tube (f. (3(). b.). Stamens 5 (f (iC. «.), inserted in the base of calyx and alternating with the |)etals, deciduous ; filaments flat ; .•mthcrs drawn out at the apex into a niemljr.inous point (f. G6. a.) allixed by their base, open- ing lengthwise from the front to the sides. Style 1, t.ipering at till' l)ase (f GO. c), and denti- form of culated at the apex. Stigma hardly manifest (f. CG./.). Ovary free, 1 -celled, many-seeded (f. GG. d.); ovula; numerous, fixed to 3 parietal placentas. Shrub. Leaves alternate and opposite, simple, toothed. Stipulas caducous. Pedimcles 1-4, terminal, bracteate at the base, 1-3-flowcred ; pedicels erect, jointed, and when there are three together they constitute a little umbel. 1 S. LoxGiro LiA (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 492. t. 24.) 1; . S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro in old woods on a mountain called Corcovada, but very rare. Petals white or jiale violet. Long-leaved Spatularia. Fl. Oct. Shrub G feet. Cull. For propagation and cultivation see Ceranthera. XVIII. HYMENANTIlE'RA(from v//,;'', hymen, a mem- brane, and urOi;(j((, aiilhira, an anther ; alluding to the anthers being terminated by a membrane, or probably from the scales i n the back). Banks herb, ex R. Br. cong. p. 23. LiN. sYST. Pcntandria, Mimagijuiu. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, alternate, ovate, acuminated, at last reflexed, longer than the calyx, oblitpiely imbricated in a-stivation (R. Brown). Structure of stamens a|)proaehing to I' tola, but closed together at the base into a inonodelphous disk ; with a scale opposite each on the back. Style very short. Stigmas 2, ac\ite. Capsules somewhat baccate (when dry rough and reticulately veined) thin, ovate (1-celled, 1 -seeded ?) 2-cclled ; cells 1-se'eded (R. Brown) covered by the permanent calyx, petals, and stamens. Seeds conforming to the cajjside and filling the same, hanging from tlie ncrviforni placenta (as in I 'tola). Structure of seed between the liulariece and Polijgiilece, ex R. Brown. .Shrubs branched. Leaves coriaceous, sometimes solitary and alternate, sometimes in fascicles. I'lowers small, axillary. Peduncles solitary, 1- flowered, furnished with 2 bracteasat the base of each. 1 H. ANGVSTiio'i.iA (R. Br. in herb. Banks and D. C. jirod. l.p. 315.) leaves linear, (piite entire. Ij . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land at Port I)alrynij)le. Flowers yellow. Narrow -leaved Hynienanlhera. Shrub G feet. 2 H. denta'ta (R. Br. in herb. Banks and D. C. prod. 1. j). 315.) leaves oblong, denticulated. I; . G. Native of New Holland near Port Jackson. Flowers yellow. 7'oo//(«/-/<'amniymenantbera. Fh April, May. Clt. 1821. Shrub C feet. Cult. These shrubs will thrive best in a mixture of loam and peat, and young cuttings will root readily under a bell-glass, if planted in sand. XIX. PI PA' RE.\ (from P'ipari, the name of the tree in Guiana) Aul)l. guian. 2. suppl. p. 31. t. .'i8G. LiN. SYST. Pculihidria, or Polij/indria, Afonogijnia. .Sepals equal, permanent, at len.:lli reflexed at the apex. Petals e(|Ual ? Filaments 10-15? awl-shai)ed, permanent, erect, shorter than the calyx, smooth, with the same ntimber of appendages, these alternate with the stamens aiul are ol)long and very hairy, all connected together and girding the ovary. Ca|)sule ovate, tri- quetrous, 1-eelled, 3-valved. .Style filiform; stigma 3-parted (Gicrt. til.) Capside 3-valved, 1-celled, ojiening laterally from the top, covered densely on the inside with velvety bro\»n down ; valves bearing the seeds in the middle, one only in each valve, they are globose and velvety (2 of which are generally .-ibor- tive). Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, scarcely stalked, feather-nerved, furnished with 2 caducous stipulas. Pedicels very short, 1 -flowered, axillary, solitarv, or numerous, jointed ! Perhaps this genus is truly pentandrous, if so it belongs to V'wlariitv, but if polyandrous it ought perhaps to be placed in Tiliaeecp. 1 P. denta'ta (.\ul)l. gnian. 2. p. 31. t.38G.) flowers solitary or twin ; leaves elliptical or acuniinated, brownish-velvetv be- 1 DROSERACE^. I. Drosera. 343 ncatli ; capsules acumiiiatod, smootlii.sli. Ij . S. Native of Cayenne in woods. Alsodea I'iparea, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 807. ToolliedAeaved Piparea. Sln-ub 5 feet. 3 P. mii-tiflo'ra (Gcert. fil. carp. ,'5. p. 231. t. 224. f. 1.) flowers numerous; leaves oblong, acuminated, smooth beneath ; capsule rather ol)t\ise, velvety. I7 . S. Native of Cayenne. Many-Jlonered Piparea. Shrub 5 feet. Cult. For propagation and cultivation see Ceranthera, p. 31-2. Order XXII. DROSERA" CE^E (plants agreeing with Z)to- wra in many important characters). D. C. Theor. 214. prod. 1. p. 317. Drosereae, Sal. parad. no. 95. Calyx of 5 permanent equal sepals (f. 68. c.) imbricate in the bud. Petals 5, hypogynous, distinct (f. 67. h. f. 68. a.) or constituting a gomopetalous corolla, as in Romanxbwia, alternating with the sepals, usually marcescent. Stamens free, permanent, sometimes equal in number to the petals (f. C7.), when this is the case they alternate with them, sometimes double, triple, or quadruple that number (f. 68.). Anthers 2-celled, birimose. Ovary 1, sessile (f 67. e. f. 68. c). Styles solitary (f. 68.) 3 (f. 67. h.) 5, sometimes joined at the base, sometimes distinct, divided at the apex (f. 67. b.), rarely simple. Capsule 1-3-celled, 3 (f. 67. "■.) 5 (f. 68. c.) valved ; valves bent inwards more or less at the edges, and opening from the top, sometimes with a seminiferous nerve in the middle of each valve, sometimes only bearing the seeds at the base of the valves. Seeds disposed in two rows along the middle nerve, or crowded at the bottom of the capsule ; they are ovate, shining, naked, or wrapped in a thin follicular arillus. Albumen cartilaginous or fleshy. Embryo straight, slender, with thickish cotyledons, and an obtuse radicle which is turned towards the hilum. This order contains but a small group of plants, inhabitants of bogs, marshes, or inundated grounds ; they are remarkable for the abundance of glandular hairs with which all parts of the herbs are usually clothed ; sometimes, though rarel)', the plants are extremely smooth, as in Parndssia. They are all perennial evergreen herbs, only 2 of which are in any way frutescent. The leaves are alternate, the young ones are always rolled up in a circinnate manner, so remarkable in ferns. The petioles are usually furnished with stipular hairs at the base. The young peduncles are usually rolled up in a circinnate man- ner. The flowers are blue, purple, yellow, white, or tinged with red. The medicinal properties of the plants appear to be trifling ; the leaves of all have the power of curdling milk. The order differs from V'wlariecB in the styles being seldom solitary, in the leaves being rolled up in a circinnate manner, before expan- sion not involute. It differs from Polijgalece in the flowers being regular, not irregular, in the capsules being many-seeded, not 1 -2-seeded, as well as in the leaves being stipulate, not exsti- pulate It differs from all the neighbouring orders in the re- markable habit of plants of which Drosera, Dioncea, and Par- ndssia give a very good idea. It is almost impossible to intro- duce seeds in a living state. Synojjsts of the genera. 1 Dro'sera. Sepals and petals 5 (f. 67. c.) without appendages. Stamens 5. Styles 3 (f 67. b.) 5, 2 or many-parted. Bog plants, ornamented with red irritable glandidar hairs. 2 Aldrova'nda. Sepals and petals 5, without appendages. Stamens 5. Styles 5, short, filiform. Stigmas obtuse. A floating water plant, with whorled leaves, having a bladdery com- plicated limb. 3 Roman zo'wiA. Sepals 5, connected at the base. Petals 5, joined into a 5-cleft deciduous corolla. Stamens 5, inserted at the bottom of the tube. A plant with kidney-shaped toothed leaves. -t By'blis. Sepals and petals 5, without apj)endages. Sta- mens 5. Style 1, filiform. Stigma 2-lobed. A bog plant with linear leaves ornamented with glandular hairs. 5 Rori'dula. Sepals and petals 5, without appendages. Sta- mens 5. Style 1. Stigma 3-lobed. A small bog shrub, with linear leaves, ciliated with glandular hairs. 6 Drosopiiy'llum. Sepals and petals 5, with the claws ap- proximate. Stamens 10. Styles .5, filiform. A small shrub with linear leaves, beset with stipitate glands. 7 Dion^'a. Sepals and petals 5 (f. 68. a.). Stamens 10-20. Style 1 (f. 68.). Stigma orbicular (f. 68.). A smooth bog plant, with 2-lobed irritable leaves, which are ciliated on the margins. 8 Parn.\'ssia. Sepals and petals 5. Scales or abortive sta- mens 5, these end in glandular bristles. Stigmas 4, sessile. Smooth bog herbs with roundish leaves. I. DRO'SERA (from ipompoQ, droseros, dewy ; because the plants appear as if covered with dew, in consequence of being beset with glandular hairs). Lin. gen. 391. Lam. ill. t. 220. D. C. prod. 1. p. 317. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Tri-Pentagynia. Sepals and petals 5 (f 67. c), not appendiculated. Stamens 5. Styles 3 f. 67. i.) 6-8, 2 or many-parted. Herbs inhabiting boggy sphagnose places. Leaves ornamented with reddish irritable glandular hairs, dis- charging from their end a drop of viscid acrid fluid. Tliese hairs have been thought irritable, so as to contract when touched, imprisoning insects somewhat in the manner of Z.'(0H(«''« . l/»4'- cipula. Sect. I. Rore'lla (from ros roris, dew, see Genus). D. C. prod. 1. p. 317. Ros-solis, Tourn. inst. t. 127. Styles sim- ple, or 2-3-parted, with the lobes entire and somewhat capitate at the apex. § 1. Acaulcs. Slemless. Leaves radical, usually rosulate. Scapes naked. 1 D. acau'lis (Thunh. prod. 57.) leaves oblong, obtuse, narrowed at the base; scape very short, 1 -flowered. 1/. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white. '. Stemless Sun-dew. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. i foot. 2 D. uniflo'ra (Willd. enum. 340.) leaves roundish, on short footstalks; scape short, 1-flowered. 1/. F. Native of the Straits of Magellan. Flowers white or red. One-Jlonered Sun-dew. Fl. Jul. Aug. PI. ^ foot. 3 D. pyg.M/e'a (D. C. prod. 1. p. 317.) leaves roundish, pel- tate, on long footstalks; stipulas scarious ; scape 1-flowcred. ©. G. Native of New Holland on an island in the entrance to Jervis's Bay. D. pusilla, R. Br. ined. but not of Humboldt. Pygmy Sun-dew. PI. 1 inch. 4 D. PAUciFLo'uA (Banks, herb, and D. C. prod. 1. p. 317.) leaves obovate-oblong, tapering at the base ; scape beset with glandular hairs, 1-2-flovvered ; petals thrice as large as the 344 DROSERACE^. I. Droseha. calvx. l/.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers wliite or red. Fen -Jlowered Sun-dew. Fl. July, August. Clt. 1821. PI. J foot. 5 D. plsi'lla (H. B. ct Kuntli, nov. frcn. amcr. 5. p. 390. t. 490. f. 1.) leaves spatulate, glandular, with an obovate linih, upper surface as well as margins beset with hairs, scapes 2-ii- Howered, and are glabrous as well as the calyx ; seeds somewhat globose. 1/.. S. Native in humid sandy places on the banks of the river Orinoco. D. biflora, Willd. in Ra;m. et .Schult. syst. G. p. 763. Flowers red ? .Stipulas palmately-5-parted. 6'»in// .Sun-dew. Fl. July, Aug. PI. ^ foot. C D. tkxe'lla (H. li. et Kiuitli, 1. c. p. 391. t. 490. f. 2. Willd. in Rocm. et .Schult. syst. G. p. 763.) leaves spatulate, with an obovate-roundish limb, upper surface as well as margins lieset with glandular hairs ; scapes capillary, elongated, 2-3- fli)wtred, and are glabrous as well as tlie calyx ; seeds oblong. U.S. Native of New Andalusia in alpine situations. Like D. rapiUarls. Flowers j)urple ? /V;a«/ Sun-dew. Fl. July, Aug. PI. ^ foot. 7 D. vmeella'ta (Lour. fl. eocli. ed. \Villd. 1. p. 232.) leaves ovate, on long footstalks ; scape naked at the apex, umbellately 5-flowcred. %.G. Native of China. Flowers white. L'Hitc//«/t-flowered Sun-dew. PI. \ foot. 8 D. brevifo'lia (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 211.) leaves wedge-shaped, on very short footstalks ; stipulas scarious, 3-5- deft ; scape 1-4-flowcred. Q. H. Native in sandy swamps from Carolina to Georgia. Flowers rose-coloured. , d'lstachya (D. C. prod. 1 . p. 318.) scape bifid, 2-spiked at apex. 7/ . H. Native of Europe and North America. Round-leaved or Common Sun-dew. Fl. Jul. Aug. Brit. PI. i ft. 23 D. iNTERME~DiA (Drev. et Hayne, pi. eur. 3. p. 43. t. 75. b.) leaves obovate on longer glabrous footstalks; scapes ascend- ing, a little higher than the leaves ; seeds exarillate. 1/ . H. Native in many parts of Europe, plentiful in Britain along with D. rotundijblia in mossy turfy bogs, generally among sphagnum. D. longifolia, Lin. spec 403. D. rotundifolia. Smith, engl. bot. 868. Disk and edge of leaves beset with glandular hairs asinZ). rotundifolia. Flowers white, often reddish. Styles 0-8. Var. ji, corymhosa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 318.) scape bifid, branches diverging ; flowers in cymose corymbs. 1/ . H. Na- tive about the Hague. I ar. y, Americana (D. C. 1. c.) scape simple ; leaves oblong- obovate. % . H. Native in swamps filled with sphagnum from Canada to Carolina. PI. I to 1 foot. Intermediate ^m^-Ae\^^. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. ^ to ^ ft. 24 D. coMMU Kis (St. Hil. pi. usu. bras. no. 15. in mem. mus. 11. p. 349.) leaves spatulate with an obovate border, very blunt, upper surface as well as margins clothed with glandidar hairs, under surface rather naked ; stipulas capillaceously-raany- parted ; scapes rather ascending ; calyxes 4-parted, covered with glandidar down. 1/ . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers pur- ple. This plant is considered good pasture for sheep in Brazil. Common Sun-dew. PI. 4 foot. 25 D. A'n'glica (Huds. angl. 135.) leaves oblong, obtuse, narrowed at the base on glabrous footstalks rather longer than the leaves ; scapes erect, almost twice the length of the leaves ; seed arillate ; styles 8 ; capsules with 4 valves. 1/ . H. Native of middle and northern Europe in bogs, in several parts of Britain. Three miles from Carlisle towards Scotland; in Lancashire and Bedfordshire. Abundant on bogs near Small- burgh House of Industry, Norfolk. In several parts of Scot- land. Gathered on St. Faith's bogs, Norfolk in 1781. Smith, engl. bot. t. 869. Pet. h. brit. t. 63. f. 12. Flowers white, but often reddish. I'ar.ft, suhunijlhra (D. C. prod. 1. p. 318.) scape 1-2-flowered. % . H. Native on Mount St. Gothard. English Sun-dew. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Britain. PI. J foot. 26 D. LINEARIS (Gold, inedin. phil. journ. 1822. p. 325.) leaves linear, obtuse, on very long naked footstalks ; scapes radical ; flowers few ; calyx glabrous. 1/ . F. Native in Upper Canada in bogs about Lake Simcoe. Flowers purple ? /,/'nenr-leaved Sun-dew. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. PI. 1 ft. 27 D. GRAMi.N-iFOLiA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 351. t. 19. f. c.) leaves sessile, linear, long, erect, upper surface and margins clothed with glandular hairs, under surface villous ; VOL. I. PART IV. stipulas ovate, ciliated at the apex; scapes triangular, villous, simple. 11. S. Native of Brazil on the tops of the mountains called Serra-da-Caraca in the province of Minas Geraes ; at the height of 6000 feet above the level of the sea. Flowers purple, leaning to one side. Grass-leaved Sun-dew. Fl. Feb. PI. J foot. 28 D. spira'lis (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 352.) leaves linear, sessile, long, at last spirally twisted ; stipulas lanceolate, hardly ciliated at the apex : scape flattened, bifid, clothed with glandular down. If,. S. Native of Brazil on the moinitains called Serra-de-Curumatahy at the rivulet called C.;rgo-Novo in that part of the province of Minas Geraes called Distritodos- Diamantes, at the height of about 3700 feet above the level of the sea. Flowers purple, leaning to one side. S])iral-\ca.ved Sun-dew. Fl. July. PI. -j foot. 29 D. filifo'rmis (Raf. in Desf. journ. 1808. 1. p. 227.) leaves filiform, very long ; footstalks woolly at the base, much shorter than the leaves ; scapes erect, hardly equal in length to the leaves. 1/ . F. Native of North America in pine barrens of New Jersey near Tiickerton. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 211. D. tenuifolia, Willd. enum. p. 340. An elegant plant with large purple flowers. Stipulas complicately dissected. /V/j/orm-leaved Sun-dew. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1811. PI. 1 ft. 30 D. villo'sa (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 349.) leaves linear-lanceolate, tapering into the footstalk with the margins and upper surface clothed w ith glandidar hairs, under surface villous ; footstalks villous ; stipulas 2-parted, ciliately jagged ; scapes erect, 4-times longer than the leaves ; seeds oblong, striated, transversely reticulated. 1/ . S. Native of Brazil on gravelly humid parts of the mountains called Serra-Negra in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers purple, leaning to one side. I'iUous Sun-dew. Fl. Jan. Feb. PI. 1 foot. 31 D. asce'ndens (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 350.) leaves linear, rather tapering towards the base, under surface villous, upper surface and margins clothed with glandular hairs, even beyond the middle ; scapes ascending ; pedicels all bractless ; calyxes covered witii glandular down. %.. S. Nativeof Brazil in gravelly humid parts of the mountains called Serra-de-Curu- matahy, on the northern part of the province of Minas Geraes, at the height of about 3700 feet aljove the level of the sea. Flowers purple, leaning to one side. Ascending Sun-dew. Fl. Sept. PI. § to 1 foot. 32 D. Cape'nsis (Lin. spec. 403.) leaves subradical, oblong- linear, obtuse, tapering at the base ; footstalks glabrous, shorter than the limbs of the leaves ; scape rather ascending, somewhat hairy, longer than the leaves. If. S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — Burm. afr. t. 75. f. 1, Flowers purple. Cai>c Sun-dew. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PI. J foot. §2. Caulescentes. Caulescent; leaves on the stem. 33 D. ramenta'cea (Burch, cat. no. 7692 and D. C. prod. 1. p. 318.) stem erect, covered with the old deflexed leaves ; leaves on the top of the stem, obovate, somewhat rosulate, on ciliated footstalks which are longer than the limbs of the leaves ; stipulas cut. T; . Tj > S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers probably red. Ramentaceous Sun-dew. PI. 1 foot. 34 D. Hi'tARis (Schlecht. exSi)reng. syst. app. p. 126.) caules- cent ; leaves rosulately crowded at the apex, spatulate-lanceolate, obtuse, beset with glandular pili, with the under surface and pe- tioles villous ; stipulas wanting ; racemes secund, bracteate. If . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers probably red. Cheerful Sun-dew. PI. J foot. 35 D. Madagascarie'nsis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 318.) stem as- cending ; leaves scattered, obovate, on glabrous footstalks, which are longer than the limbs of the leaves ; stipulas ciliately- Yy 346 DROSERACE^. I. Drosera. II. Aldrotanda. III. Romanzowia. jagged ; flowcr-bcaring peduncles G-times longer than the leaves. 1(. . S. Native of Madagascar. Flower ])urple ? Madagascar Sun-dew. Fl. July. PI. i foot. 36 D. FOLIO SA (Ell. sketch. 1. p. 376.) caulescent; leaves oval, crowded, wedge-shaiied at the base ; footstalks glabrous, elongated ; sti|)ulas awl-sliaped. %. . F. Native in South Ca- rolina. Flowers wliite. Z-cn/i/ .Sun-dew. F"l. July, Aug. PI. -^ foot. 37 I), cistiflo'ra (Lin. amoen. 6. p. 85.) stem erect, simple ; leaves oblong-linear, sessile ; Howers few, on pedicels. 7/ . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — Burm. afr. t. 7.5. f. ii. Flowers large, purple ; stamens and pistils black ; anthers yel- low. There are variations of this plant according to Thunberg with white or red flowers spotted at the base. I'ar. ft, viulacca {D. C. prod. 1. p. 319.) leaves narrower; stem 2-flowered ; flowers violaceous. D. violacea, Willd. enuni. 1. p. 340. Rock-rose-JloKcrcd Sun-dew. Fl. Ju. July. PI. A to 1 foot. 38 D. I'ndica (Lin. spec. 403.) stem branched; leaves linear, surrounded by glandular hairs, on glabrous footstalks, which are scarcely narrower than the leaves ; pedicels and calyxes pube- rulous. 1/? S. Native of Ceylon and Malabar. — Burm. Zeyl. t. 94. f. 1.— Rhced. mal. 10. t. ^0. Flowers reddish. 'I'his plant is called by the Ccylonese Kandulaessa, from kan- iliila, a tear ; because of the leaves being surrounded by glandular hairs, appearing like drops of water or tears. Indian Sun-dew. PI. i foot. Slct. II. Eroa'leum (from epynv, rrgon, work, and y«\n, gala, milk ? perhajjs in allusion to tlie plants curdling milk, but this is the case with all the species). D. C. prod. 1. p. 319. Styles capillaceously-multifid (f. 67. b.), like a hair pencil. §1. Caulescentcs. Cauline leaves peltate. 39 D. LUNA^TA (Buch. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 319.) stem erect, glabrous ; radical leaves roundish-reniform ; cauline ones scattered, stalked, moon-shaped, peltate ; racemes lateral, few- flowered ; sepals ovate, acute, beset with glandular hairs on the margins. ©. G. Native of Upper Nipaul at Suembu. Dro- sera peltata, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 212. Stem flexuous, - slender. Flowers beautiful yellow. Lunaled-leavedi Sun-dew. Fl. July, Aug. PI. i foot. 40 D. PELTATA (Smith, in FIG Rees' cycl. no. H.) stem erect, glabrous ; leaves scattered, stalk- ed, ])eltate, somewhat triangular ; racemes terminal ; calyxes ciliat- ed, with glandular hairs. 11 . S. Native of New Holland in marshy ground near Port Jackson. Smith, cxot. hot. t. 41. Lab. nov. hoU. t. 106. f. 2. Flowers large, red. Radical leaves moon- shaped (f. 67.). Pcllalc-leaved Sun-dew. Fl. Aug. Sept. PI. ^ foot. 41 D. Ba'nksii (R. Br. ined. and D.C. prod. 1. p. 319.) stem erectish, glabrous, hairy at the apex between the flowers ; leaves scattered, stalked, peltate, orbicular ; calyxes hairy. 0. S. Native of New Holland near Endeavour river. F'lowers rose- coloured ? Banks's Sun-dew. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 4 foot. 42 D. Menzi'esu (R. Br. ined. and D.C. prod. 1. p. 319.) stem erectish, flexuous, glabrous, with branchlets rising from the axillae ; younger leaves somewhat fascicled, stalked, peltate, orbicular ; racemes 2-flowered, glabrous, calyxes ciliated. ©. S. Native of New Holland. Flowers rose-coloured .' Alenzies's Sun-dew. I'l. Jul. Sept. PI. i foot. § 2. Acaulis. Stemless ; leaves divided, all radical. 43 D. bina'ta (Lab. nov. hoU. 1. t. 105.) leaves on long foot- stalks, deeply parted into 2 linear lobes, y.. S. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Flowers white or reddish. Raceme di- chotomous. Binalc-\eaved Sun-dew. Fl. June, Sept. CIt. 1823. Pl.j ft. 44 D. PEDATA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 357.) leaves on long foot- stalks, jiedatcly or twice forked ; lobes linear. 7/ . S. Native of New Holland. D. dichotoma, Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 6. Flowers large, white. /'c(/a/t-leaved Sun-dew. PI. i to 1 foot. Cidl. Drosera is a singular and beautiful genus of plants, with their leaves ornamented with red glandular hairs, discharg- ing from their ends a drop of viscid acrid juice. These hairs have been thought irritable, so as to contract when touched, im- prisoning insects, somewhat in the manner of the iJioine a musci- pula or Venus's Jlij-trap. They all grow in their places of natural growth on mossy turfy bogs ; those species, natives of Europe and .'America, grow among sphagnum on a peat, gravelly, or sandy soil, particularly the American species on the latter soil. They thrive best in cultivation in small pots, which should be filled three parts full of peat earth and some sphagnum planted on it, the plants should be then planted in the moss, and the pots should be j)laced in pans of water, or in boxes in the same manner, and even then the hardy species should be placed in the greenhouse, and those s])ecies from New Holland and the Cape of Good Hojje, as well as those natives within the tro- pics, should l)e placed in the stove. They are all increased by seeds, which should be allowed to sow themselves, but as the seeds will not vegetate after a voyage, plants of the foreign species must be introduced in pots or boxes, in the same manner as re- commended for growing them. II. ALDROVA'NDA (in honour of Ulysses Aldrovandus, an old botanist ; author of Dcndrologia Naturalis libri duo, in 1 vol. fol. Bonnonia;, 1667, once prefect of the botanic garden, Boulogne). Monti, act. bon. 2. p. 3. p. 404. t. 12. Lin. gen. 390. Lam. ill. t. 220. D. C. prod. 1. p. 319. Lin. syst. Pentiindria, Pcntagijnia. Sepals and petals 5, not appendiculato. Stamens 5. Styles 5, filiform, short. Stig- mas blunt. Capsules globose, 5-valved, 1 -celled, 10-secded. A water plant with wliorled leaves, bearing bladders at the tip. 1 A. vEsicuLo'sA(Lin. spec. 402.). i;. H. W. (All.) ©. H. W. (Savi.) Native of the south of Europe floating in stagnant water. Steins slender, herbaceous, almost simple. Leaves small, 6-9 in a whorl, approximate, narrow, wedge-shaped, bearing 5 or 6 threads, each terminated by a bladder. Flowers small, soli- tary, axillary, dirty-white. Anthers yellow. Petals hardly longer than the calyx. Peduncle 1-flowered, longer than the flower. Fruit globose, the size of a pea. This plant bears its bladders almost in the same manner as Utricularia, but in tufts. /y/«(W<77/ Aldrovanda. Fl. Ju. Aug. CIt. 1823. PI. floating. Cull. This plant should be grown in a marshy situation, or in water in a jjcat soil ; if ])lanted in pots half filled with some species of sphagnum, ami set in pans of water, it will thrive well, but when grown in water it should never be above 4 or 8 inches under its surface. III.? ROMANZO'WIA (in honour of Count RomanzofT, director of the Russian Admiralty, at whose expense the voyage of Kotzeltue round the world was undertaken). Cham, in hor. phys. berl. 71. t. 14. D.C. prod. 1. p. 319. Lin. svst. I'cntandria, Digijnia. Sepals 5, united at the DROSERACE^. IV. Byblis. V. Roriduia. VI. Drosopiiyi.lum. VII. Dion.ea. VIII. Parnassia. 347 base. Petals 5, united into a 5-cleft deciduous corolla. Stamens 5, inserted in the bottom of the tube of the corolla. Capsules 2-valved, ^-celled, many-seeded. Perhaps this genus more properly belongs to Sax'ifragcce. 1 R. Unalaschie'nsis (Cham. 1. c.). 1^. F. B. Native of moist valleys in the island of Unalaschka. Herb with the habit of Snxlfraga or Adoxa. Leaves stalked, roundish, reniform, deeply toothed. Flowers whitish, without bracteas, in terminal, few-Howered racemes. L'nilasc/ikn Romanzowia. PI. \ foot. Cult. This plant will thrive best in a peat soil in a moist situation ; if planted in pots they should stand in pans of water. It may he increased by dividing at the root or by seed.f IV. BY'BLIS (Byblis in mythology, the daughter of Miletus, who was changed into a fountain ; in allusion to the habitation of the plant in bogs). Sal. parad. t. 95, D. C. prod. I. p. 319. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Sepals and petals 5, not appendiculate. Stamens 5. Anthers bursting by 2 pores at the ape.v. Style 1, filiform. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule 2- valved, 2-celled, many-seeded. 1 B. ltniflo'ra (Salisb. 1. c.). If.. S. B. Native of New Holland on bogs. A little simple herb with linear leaves beset with glandidar hairs as in Drosera. Flowers blue. /'/,7.r-/oHTr«/ Byblis. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1803. PI. i ft. Cult. This plant should be treated in the same manner as that recommended for the genus Drosera. It should be kept in the stove. It can only be increased by seeds, which should be allowed to sow themselves. Plants should be introduced, as seeds will not vegetate after a voyage. -t" V. RORI'DULA (a diminutive of ros roris, dew; because of the leaves being beset with glandular hairs, which appear like dew). Lin. syst. veg. 244. D. C. prod. 1. p. 320. Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Sepals and petals 5, not appendiculated. Stamens 5 ; anthers bursting by 2 pores at the apex, and each drawn out at the base into a callous ap- pendage. Style 1. Stigma 3-lobed. Capsules 3-celled, 3- valved. Seeds generally solitary in each cell. 1 R. denta'ta (Lin. 1. c.). tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lam. ill. t. 141. Leaves linear, crowded, fringed, with the margins beset with glandular hairs. Bracteas leafy. Flowers white or blueish, in terminal racemes. I ar. p, mnsciccifa (Gaert. fr. 1. t. 62.) growing along with var. a. Petals narrower, white. Toothed-leaved Roridula. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. Cult. Cultivation and treatment the same as for the green- house species of Drosera. VI. DROSOPHY'LLUM (from ^poanc, drosos, dew, fvWoy, jthyllon, a leaf; in allusion to the leaves being beset w-ith stipi- tate glands, appearing like dew). Link, in Schrad. journ. 1806. l.p. 53. D. C. prod. 1. p. 320. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Pentagyn'ia. Sepals and petals 5, approximate, unguiculate. Stamens 10. Styles 5, fihform. Capsules 5-valved, 1 -celled, with the valves bent inwards to the middle, so as almost to make the capsule 5-celled. 1 D. Lusita'nicum (Link. 1. c.). %. ': . F. Native on sandy hills in Portugal ; stem shrubby ; leaves linear, entire, beset with stipitate glands ; panicle corymbose ; flowers large, sulphur- coloured. St. Hil. mem. mus. 2. t. 4. f. 13. Drosera Lusita- nica, Lin. spec. 403. Spergula droseroides, Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 215.— Mor. hist. 3. p. 620. f. 15. t. 4. f. 4.— Pluk. aim. t. U 7. f. 2. Portugal Drosophyllum. Fl. Ju. Aug. Subshrub J foot. Cult. This singular plant is called in Portugal Heria Pin- heira orvaUiada, It has not as yet been introduced, there- fore the mode of treatment it. may retpiire in our gardens is un- known. But from the nature of the .soil in which it naturally grows, sand, if ever it be introduced we would recommend its being grown in pots filled with sand, so that it might be shel- tered during winter. The plant may be probably increaseil by cuttings or seed VII. DION/E'A (one of the names of Venus). Ellis, nov. act. ups. 1. p. 98. t. 8. Lin. mant. 151. D. C. prod. 1. p. 320. Lin. syst. Decdndria or Polydndria, Monngijnia. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 10-20 ; anthers bursting laterally. Style 1. Stigma fringed. Capsules 5-valved, 1 -celled. Seeds numerous, half buried in the cellular substance at the base of the capsule. 1 D. Musci'puLA (Lin. mant. 238.). :y.S. B. Native of North America in swamps of North Ca- rolina around Wilmington. Vent, malm. t. 29. Ker. bot. reg. t. 785. Sims, hot. mag. 785. Delaum. herb, amat. 349. Herb smooth. Leaves ra- dical, on long footstalks, which are dilated at the top into a 2-lobed ir- ritable limb, which is beset with one row of long hairs on the margin, which fold together when touched in the mannerof the teethofa trap. Flowers white, in terminal corymbs. This is a singular plant in respect of its leaves, which are of an ano- malous form, and have a singular motion by which they catch insects, whence the specific name musc'qyula, a fly-trap. The root is scaly, almost like a bulb, and not prolific in fibres. The leaves have the petiole winged as in the orange ; the extreme part or proper leaf is the part that operates as a trap. As soon as the insect enters, the lobes of the leaf fold together, and remain so as long as the insect con- tinues to struggle, but as soon as it ceases and is quiet the leaf opens and permits it to escape. A straw or pin introduced between the lobes of the leaf will have the same effect. Mr. Ellis thinks it probable that a sweet liquor discharged by the red glands on the inner surface tempts insects to their destruc- tion. " On the side of each lobe of the leaf stand about three erect, highly irritable bristles, which, when touched, cause the two lobes to fold together like a rat-trap, imprisoning insects ; no doubt that their bodies may administer an air wholesome to the plant, which theory and recent observations on Sarracenia, Drosera, and Nepenthes confirm." Smith, introd. bot. Venus's Fly-trap. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1768. PI. | to ^ ft. Cult. This plant thrives best in small pots in peat earth, and some dwarf species of moss placed underneath in the pot, the pots should then be placed in a pan of water and set in a cool place near the glass in the stove. Seeds are sometimes produced, by which they may be increased as well as by dividing the plants at the root. Mr. Shepherd of Liverpool finds that the leaves will root, if placed on damp moss, and emit young plants from their edges. VIII. PARNA'SSIA (from Mount Parnassus, the abode of grace and beauty, where, on account of the elegance of their form, these plants are feigned to have first sprung up). Tourn. inst. t. 127. Lin. gen. 384. D. C. prod. 1. p. 320 Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Tctragynia. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Scales 5 (perhaps abortive stamens) opposite the claws of the petals, ending in tufts of bristles which are glandular at the apex. Stamens 5 ; anthers behind. Stigmas 4, sessile. Cap- sules 4-valved, 1 -celled; valves with a narrow dissepiment in Y y 2 348 DROSERACE^. VIII. Parsassia. POLYGALE^E. the middle of eacli. Seeds arillate. Herbs very smooth. Leaves ovate-cordate, caidiiie ones usually clasping the stem, or sessile. Flowers of all white, striped with green. The tuft of glands are yellow. 1 P. PALu'sTRis (Lin. spec. 391.) appendages furnished with 9-13 glandular bristles ; petals almost sessile, somewhat emar- ginate ; radicid leaves cordate, caulinc ones clasping the stem. Native throughout Europe in marshes and bogs, plentiful in Britain in mountainous countries. Smith, engl. hot. t. 8,'. Mill, illustr. t. 15. Curt- fl. lond. t. 1. Fl. dan. t. 58 t. F"lowers elegant, white, marked with greenish pellucid veins. Glands of appendages or scales yellow, as well as in all the rest of the species. Marsh or Common Grass of Parnassus. Fl. .Septimb. Oct. Britain. PI. J foot. 2 P. )"Arviflo"ra (D. C. prod. 1. p. 320.) appendages fur- nished with ,5-7 glandular bristles; petals sessile ; radical leaves ovate, cauline ones sessile. l^.H. Native of North America in Pennsylvania and Virginia in bog meadows. Perhaps P. pa- lustris, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 208, and also perhaps P. tenuis, Wahl. fl. lapp. no. 137. Flowers white, with netted veins of green or pale purple. Small-Jloiiered Grass of Parnassus. Fl. July, Aug. CIt. 1820. PI. ^ foot. .'3 P. ova'ta (Ledeb. act. petr. 1815. p. 511.) ajjpendages furnished w itli ,'j glandular bristles ; radical leaves ovate, cauline ones somewhat cordate, clasping the stem. 1/ . H. Native in bogs in eastern Siberia. Flowers white. far. f3, Behisii (D. C. prod. 1. p. 320.) radical leaves 5-7- nerved, cauline ones ovate. ^.11. Native of North America. P. ovata, Beauv. ined. 0(«;c'-]eaved Grass of Parnassus. Fl. Jul. Aug. PI. ^ to 1 ft. 4 P. Carolinia'na (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 181.) appentl- ages furnished with 3 glandular bristles ; petals almost sessile ; radical leaves somewhat orbicular, cauline ones ovate, sessile. If. II. Native of North America in swamps and mosses from New ^ ork to Virgim'a, and from Carolina to Canada. Sims, hot. mag. t. 1459. Flowers white, netted, with veins of green or pale ])urple, the flowers have a greenish tint Caroliua Grass of Parnassus. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1 802. PI. ^ ft. 5 P. asahifo'lia (Vent. malm. t. 39.) ajipendages furnished with 3 glandular bristles; petals unguiculate ; radical leaves kidney-shaped, cauline ones somewhat cordate, orbicular. % . H. Native of North America on high mountains in Virginia and Ca- rolina. Flowers white, and are as well as leaves larger than those of the preceding species. .,-/4'n;niac(«-/tait(/ Grass of Parnassus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812. PI. \ foot. 6 P. grandifo'lia (D. C. i)rod. 1. p. 320.) appendages fur- nished with 3 glandular bristles ; petals oblong, sessile ; radical leaves ovate, somewhat cordate, 7-nerved, cauline ones somewhat cordate, orbicular. }/ . H. Native of North America at Che- rokee. Flowers white. Leaves larger than in any other species. Grcal-lcavcil Grass of Parnassus. I"l. Jul. Aug. PI. ^ ft. 7 P. fi.mbria"ta (Banks, in Koon. ann. 1. p. 391.) append.iges palmate, glandless ; petals obovate, nnguiculated, fringed at the base ; radical leaves kidney-shaped, cucullate at the base, many- nerved, cauline ones cordate. "H. H. Native on the western coast of North America. Flowers white. The leaves of this species are remarkably hollowed out at the base, close to the lateral ribs, which are connected with one another by a com- mon base, like the divisions of a pedate leaf, and have conse- cpiently a very elegant appearance. Hook. hot. misc. part. 1. t. 23. /■V(H^rc(/-petalled Grass of Parnassus. Fl. Jul. Aug. PI. | ft. 8 P. KoTZEbu'Ei (Cham, ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 951.) ra- dical as well as cauline leaves ovate, upering to both ends, nerved ; petals linear-oblong ; appendages furnished with nu- merous glandular bristles ? ■y.. F. Native of the north-west coast of .\n)crica, round the Arctic Circle, plentifid in Escholtz Bay. Flowers white. Kotzehtie's Grass of Parnassus. Fl. Jul. Aug. PI. {- to -J ft. Cult. The species of this beautiful gemis thrive best in a peat soil in a moist situation. They m.iy be also grown in pots, which should be jdaced in i)ans of water. They may be all in- creased by dividing the plants at the roots or by seed, which ripen in plenty. Plants must be introduced, as seeds do not vegetate after a voyage. Order XXIII. POLYG.VLE.^ (plants agreeing with Po- lijgala in many important characters). Juss. ann. mus. 11. p. 386. mem. mus. 1. p. 385. D. C. prod. 1. p. 321. Calyx of 5 sepals, which are imbricate in aestivation, the two inner ones usually petal-formed (f. 70. a.), the three outer ones smaller, of these last two are connected. Petals 3-5, hypogy- nous, more or less connected with the staminiferous tube, which is usually cleft in front (f. 70. h.), rarely distinct. Filaments united with the petals (f. 70. 6.), monadelphous; these arc divided at the top into 2 equal bundles, containing 4 anthers each. Anthers 8, 1 -celled (f. 71. rf.) inserted by the base, opening by a pore at the top. Ovary 1, free, 2-celled (f. 09. 6.), nirely 1, (f. 70. a.) 3-celled. Style 1, incurved (f. 70. e.). Stigma funnel-shaped or 2-lobed (f. 70. c). Pericarp capsular (f. 71./. f. 69. 6.), or drupaceous (f. 70. d.), 2-celled (f 69. h.), or only 1-celled from abortion (f. 70. a.); valves bearing a dissepiment in the middle. Seeds solitary in the cells, pendulous (f. 70. d.), usually with an arillate caruncle at the base (f. 71.y.), sometimes pilose or with a tuft of hairs (f. 69. c). Embryo straight, flat. Albumen thin but rarely wanting, with the endopleura sometimes tumid. Herbs or subshrubs, sometimes abounding in cream-coloured juice, but more especially in the roots. Leaves entire, for the most part alternate, articulated above the stem. Flowers dis- posed in racemes. The affinities of this truly natural order are extremely doubtful. The habit of the flowers is refer- able to Leguminosce and Fumariacae. The situation, dispo- sition, and number of the stamens nearly agree with Fumariaccce. But if the sepals are admitted as 5, and the petals 5, and 3 of which are supposed to be connected into a keel, Pohj- galece is more nearly related to Leguminhsce than to any other Order. Most of the plants of this order are interesting, and deserving of the attention of gardeners, some for their neatness, some for their beauty, and some for their use in medicine. They are natives of most countries, and are either low herbaceous |)lants, or shrubs from a dw.irf spiny habit, to a tall graceful drooj)ing appearance. The Order is remarkable for the union of the stamens into a single body, and in the anthers opening by a pore at the top, as well as in their irregular flowers ; one of the petals is usu.-illy keel-shaped, and beautifully crested or bearded. The leaves have a bitter astringent taste, which is much more abimdant in the roots, coml>ined with an acrid flavour. These properties are particuhirly sensible in P. Senega, which is re- puted a sudorific, diuretic, sialugogne, cathartic, or mild emetic, POLYGALE^E. I. Polygala. 349 according to the manner in which it is administered. The Yelhoi of South America, the root of a species of Monnhia, has the same properties as P. senega, and is particularly used as a remedy in dysenterj'. The well known Rattanij or Raltanhia root of Chili is the produce of Krameria tridndra, and pos- sesses powerful tonic and astringent qualities. According to the analysis of a French chyniist, it contains gallic acid, but neither tannin nor resin. The seeds of all retain their vegetative power a considerable time, therefore, in most cases, they may be intro- duced in a living state. Synojisis of the Genera. 1 Poly'gala. Sepals 5, permanent, 2 inner ones wing- formed. Petals 3-5, united with the staminiferous tube ; the lower petal keel-formed. Capsule compressed. Seeds pubes- cent, with a caruncle at the hilum. 2 Salomo'nia. Sepals 5, nearly equal. Tube of corolla cleft longitudinally, with a 3-cleft limb. Keel cucuUate. Sta- mens monadelphous ; anthers 4. Capsules compressed, 2-lobed, usually serrate-ciliated. Small Asiatic herbs. 3 Comespe'rma. Sepals 5, deciduous, 2 inner ones wing- formed. Petals 3-5, united at the base, middle one 3-lobed and bearded (f. 69. a.). Stamens 8, monadelphous at the base. Capside spatulate (f. 69. 6.), 2-celled. Seeds with a tuft of long hairs at the hilum (f. 69. c), and a linear caruncle at the top. 4 Badie'ra. Sepals 5, nearly equal, deciduous. Petals 3, connected at the base, beardless. Stamens 8, monadelphous. Capsule compressed, obcordate, 2-celled. Seeds furnished with a large oily arillus. 5 Soula'mea. Sepals 5, 2 inner ones large, concave. Petal 1. Stamens 2-6. Capsule indehiscent, compressed, orbicular, emarginate, 2-celled. Seeds without albumen. 6 Mura'ltia. Sepals 5, glumaceous, nearly equal. Petals 3, united, middle one bifid ; lobes obtuse. Capsule crowned by 4 horns or tubercles, 2-valved, 2-celled. 7 MuNDiA. Sepals 5, permanent, glumaceous, 2 inner ones wing-formed. Petals 3, hardly united at the base, the middle one cucuUate, crested or beardless. Stamens 7-8, monadelphous at the base, with the tube cleft in front. Drupe 2-ceIled, or from abortion only 1 -celled, 1 -seeded. Albumen fleshy. 8 MoNNiNA. Flowers resupinate. Sepals 5 (f. 70. a.), deciduous, 2 inner ones wing-formed, 3 outer ovate, 2 of these are usually united. Petals 3-5, connate at the base (f. 70. b.), middle one concave, 3-toothed. Stamens 8 (f. 70. b.), rather pilose, united into a tube at the base, which is cleft on one side. Drupe or capsule 2-celled, 2-seeded, or 1-celled, 1-seeded (f 70. c), girded by a membranous wing or without (f. 70. d.). Seed hanging from the top of the cell (f. 70. d.). Albumen sparing. 9 Ja'ckia. Sepals 5, equal, deciduous. Petals 5, middle one keel-formed. Stamens 8, diadclphous. Drupe ovate, con- taining a 1-seeded nucleus. Albumen none. 10 Bredeme'yera. Sepals 5, 2 inner ones petal-like. Petals 3, middle one keel-formed. Stamens 8, monadelphous. Drupe ovate, containing a 2-celled nut. 11 Securida'ca. Sepals 5, 2 inner ones petal-like. Petals 5, united at the base, lower one 3-lobcd, upper two connivent. Stamens 8, united into a tube, which is cleft in front. Cap- sule compressed, indehiscent, 1-celled, 1-seeded, ending in a leafy ligulate wing at the apex. Seed hanging from the top of the cell. Albumen wanting. 12 Carpolo'bia. Sepals 5, 2 lateral ones wing-siiaped. Petals 5, lower one keel-shaped. Stamens 0, monadelphous. Berry fleshy, containing a silky 1-seeded legume. 13 Krame'ria. Sepals 4, rarely 5, silky outside. Petals 4-5, 2 of which are orbicular (f. 71. 6.), the third constantly of 2 or 3 united petals, all imguiculate. Stamens 3-4, free from the base. Anthers bursting by 2 pores. Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded, globose (f. 71. y.), indehiscent, echinated (f. 70. c). I. POLY'GALA (from ttoXu, jjoIij, much, and yaXa, gala, milk ; alluding to the reputed effects of the plant on cattle that feed upon it.) Tourn. inst. t. 79. Lin. gen. no. D. C. prod. 1. p. 321. Lin. syst. Monodelphia, Ocldndria. Sepals 5, permanent, 2 inner ones wing-formed, 3 outer ones small. Petals 3-5, united with the tube of the stamens, lower petal keel-formed (perhaps from 2 petals being constantly joined.) Stamens 8, with the filaments connate into a tube at the base, which is cleft in front. Anthers opening by a pore at the apex. Capsules compressed, elliptical, obovate or obcordate. Seeds pubescent, caruncu- late at the hiliun, with the caruncle rarely inappendiculate. Elegant shrubs or herbs. Flowers disposed in terminal or ax- illary racemes. Sect. L Psycha'nthus (from 4'"XV> psyche, a butterfly, and oi'S-oc, anthos, a flower ; form of flowers.) Raf. speech. 1. p. 116. D. C. prod. 1. p. 321. Keel amply crested. Capsules smooth, marginate. Bracteas 3, usually permanent at the base of the pedicels. This section consists of elegant shrubs from the Cape of Good Hope, and one from Arabia. The flowers of all are purple, usually with a pale crest and keel. * Leaves 02iposite. Perhaps all Ihe species in this division are varieties of one. 1 P. oppositifo'lia (Lin. mant. 259.) leaves opposite, cor- date, ovate, acute. ^ . G. Native on mountains at the Cape of Good Hope. Very like the following species. Ker. bot. reg. 636. Flowers purplish. Keel yellowish-green. 02J]Josite-leavcd Milkwort. Fl. year. Clt. 1790. Sh. 3 to 4 ft. 2 P. cordifo'lia (Tluuib. prod. 120.) leaves opposite, cor- date, acuminated ; anthers bearded at the base ; brancldets terete, glabrous ; racemes terminal, subcorymbose. H . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. P. fruticosa. Berg. cap. 188. Flowers red or purplish. Keel yellowish-green. Cordate-leaved Milkwort. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1791. Shrub 3 feet. 3 P. LATiFOLiA (Ker. bot. reg. 645.) leaves opposite, almost sessile, cordate-ovate, acuminate, 3-5-nerved, villous beneath, as well as the branches ; corymbs terminal ; anthers bearded at the base. Tj . G. P. cordifolia, Sims, bot. mag. 2438. but not of Thunb. Flowers purplish. Keel yellowish-green. Broad-leaved Milkwort. FL May, Oct. Clt. 1820. Shrub 3 feet. 4 P. tetra'gona (Burch. cat. no. 4639.) leaves opposite- cordate, acuminated ; branches tetragonal, glabrous. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers large, purplish, in terminal racemes. P. cordifolia, var. major, Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1146. 350 POLYGALE.E. I. PoLYOALA. 6'junrc-branchletted Milkwort. Fl.year. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 5 P. nummula'ria (Burcli. cat. no. 3709.) leaves opposite, orljiciilarly kidney-shapeil, cordate at the base, niucronated at the- top ; l)ranchlets rather terete, glabrous. f; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purplish in terminal corj'ni- bose racemes. Moncynort-leaved Milkwort. Fl. year. Clt. 1812. Shrub .3 feet. 6 P. borboxi,efo"lia (Burch. cat. no. 6861.) leaves opposite, cordate, acuminated; branehlets terete, hispid. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. P. oppositif61ia,.Sims, in hot. mag. not of D. C. Flowers purplish, in terminal corymbose racemes. i;or6ow/(i-/«(i«/ Milkwort. Fl.year. Clt. 1790. Sh. 3 ft. • • Leaves alternate. 7 P. cli;ytioi'des (Burch. cat. no. 332G.) leaves elliptical, somewhat mucronated at the apex ; branehlets very smooth ; petals 2-lobed ; lobes acute, very long. h . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers pur])lish, in terminal racemes. C/«^/(n-leaved ^lilkwort. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 3 feet. 8 P. granuiflora (Lodd. hot. cab. 1^27.) leaves oblong, mu- cronate ; branehlets pubescent; bracteas equal, permanent. •; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. I'lowers large, ))urple, in terminal racemose corymbs, w ith a pale keel and crest. 6Vi-n/-/oHcri-rf Milkwort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. 3 ft. 9 P. MVRTiFOLiA (Lin. amocn. 2. p. 138.) leaves obovate or ob- long, somewhat mucronated ; branehlets clothed with appressed down ; bracteas equal, permanent ; pedicels shorter than the flowers, y^ .G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers pur- plish, in terminal corjTnbose racemes, with a pale crest and keel. I'ar. a, vera (D.C. prod. 1. p. 322.) leaves obovate-oblong, flat. Jj . G.— Burm. afr. t. 73. f. 1.— Ker, hot. reg. t. 669. far. ft, angustifulia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 322.) leaves oblong. y^ . G. — Perhaps J', tcnuijdlia, Link. enum. 2. p. 220. far. y, rnsmarhufilia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 322.) leaves oblong- linear, witli revolute margins. Myrtle-leaved 'SlWkwon. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1707. Shrub 3 feet. 10 P. ligula'ris (Ker, bot. reg. t. 637.) leaves ligidatc- linear, rather obtuse, crowded, spreading, glabrous ; branches villous ; bracteas permanent, equal, and are as well as the racliis villous ; racemes short, crowded. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purplish, in racemose terminal corymbs. j'onrf !(e-leaved Milkwort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 11 P. interme'dia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 322.) leaves oblong- linear, mucronated, with revolute margins ; branehlets glabrous ; bracteas permanent, equal ; pedicels rather longer than the flowers ; wings of flowers somewhat pointed. I; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purplish. Intermcdialv Milkwort. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. ? Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 12 I', bracteola'ta (Lin. anili, with a white crest. P. braeteolata C imibellita, D. C. prod. 1. p. 332.— Burm. afr. t. 73. f. 5. i'mbellale-ttowert'd .Milkwort. Fl. May, Oct. .Shrub 1 to 2 ft. IIP. TiNCTORiA (Vabl. symb. 1. p. 50.) leaves obovate, and are as well as the branches velvety-villous ; calyxes pubescent, f; . F. Native on the mountains of Arabia Felix. P. brac- teoliita, Forsk. descr. 213. Flowers purplish, in terminal racemes. There is a blue dye resembling Indigo obtained from this pl.ant. Dyer's Milkwort. Shrub 2 feet. 1j P. i'UBiflo'ra (Burch. cat. no. 6205.) leaves lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated ; branehlets hairy ; calyxes pubescent. 1^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purplish. /JoM7i(/;//oHtrf(/ Milkwort. Fl. May, Oct. Shrub 3 feet. 10 P. Burma'nxi (D. C. prod. 1. p. 322.) leaves linear, bluntish ; l)ranehlets velvety-pubescent; racemes supra-axillary ; pedicels shorter than the flowers; bracteas deciduous. >; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. P. braeteolata c, Lin. — Burm. afr. t. 73. f. l-. Burch. cat. no. 6437. F'lowers purple. Burmanns Milkwort. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1800? Sh. 3 ft. 17 P. AFFfNis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 322.) leaves linear obtuse; younger ones somewhat villous ; br.anchlets pubescent; racemes opposite the leaves ; bracteas small, permanent. Ij . G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purplish. Neiirlibuuring Milkwort. Fl. May, Oct. Shrub 3 feet. 18 P. MicROLOPiiA (Burch. cat. no. 3410.) leaves linear, mucronated, and are as well as tlie branches glabrous : racemes few-dowered ; pedicels very short ; wings of flowers obovate. 1; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purplish, with a small crest. Small-crcsted-Rowered Milkwort. Fl. May, Oct. ? Sh. 3 ft. 19 P. si'mplex (Burch. cat. no. 1933.) leaves oblong-wedge- shaped, obtuse, somewhat niucronated, and are as well as simple stem glabrous ; bracteas deciduous ; pedicels spreading ; wings of flower oval. Ij. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purple in racemes, one-half smaller than those of P. specibsa, which it very much resembles. .Siw/j/e-stemmed Milkwort. Fl. Mav, Oct. Clt. 1816. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 20 P. sPECrosA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1 780.) lower leaves oblong- cuneated, obtuse, mucronated, upper ones linear, and are as well as the twiggy branches glabrous ; bracte.is deciduous ; pedicels spreading ; wings of flower roundish. I; . G. Native of the Cape of Good liope. Ker, bot. reg. t. 150. Delaun. herb. .amat. t. 193. Sims, bot. mag. t. 621. Flowers purplish in loose racemes. Shcny Milkwort. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1814. Shrub 6 feet. 21 P. pr.DUNtULAUis (Burch. cat. no. 5163.) leaves linear, with revolute margins, upper surface scabrous ; peduncles rather stiflf, spreading, bearing few flowers at the top, and are as well as branehlets angular. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers )nirple, almost like those of P. myrlifolia. Pedunelcd Milkwort. Fl. May, Oct. Shrub 3 feet. 22 P. TERETUo'tiA (Tluuib. prod. 120.) leaves linear, with revolute margins, rather terete, furrowed on the under surface, glabrous ; branehlets clothed with white velvety down ; racemes short, few-flowered. f^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. P. empetrifolia, Houtt. hist. nat. 11. D. V. t. 28. f. 1. Andr. bot. rep. t. 370. Flowers purplish. Tcrele-lcavcd Milkwort. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1791. Sh. 3 ft. 23 P. piNiioLiA (Lam. ill. t. 598. f. 2.) leaves linear, with revolute margins, somewhat terete, furrowed on the under sur- face, spreading, stalked, and are as well as the branches gla- 1 POLYGALE^E. I. Polygaia. 351 brous. T; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Perhaps sufficiently distinct fiom P. teretifolia. Leaves twice the length. Flowers purple, in short racemes. Pine-leaved Milkwort. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1823. Shrub 3 ft. 24' P. refra'cta (Uurch. eat. no. 4891.) leaves linear, acu- minated, spreading, and are glabrous as well as the branches ; peduncles lateral, few-flowered, and ai-e refracted as well as the pedicels ; bracteas deciduous ; wings of flower oval. I^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purplish. 7?(//-«c/c(/-pedicelled Milkwort. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 3 ft. 25 P. MACRA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 323.) leaves small, some- what linear, acute, erect, and are glabrous as well as the branches ; racemes few-flowered ; pedicels shorter than the flowers ; wings of flower oval. f; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope in arid places at Breda river. Flowers purple. Lean Milkwort. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 3 feet. 26 P. attenua'ta (Lodd, bot. cab. 1000.) leaves narrow, tapering to both ends, acute, and are smooth as well as the twigs ; racemes elongated ; bracteas deciduous ; pedicels longer than the flowers ; wings obtuse. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purple. rflycnViiT-leaved Milkwort. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1823. Sh.2ft. 27 P. GENisToiDES (Poir. diet. 5. p. 402.) leaves linear, acute, few, distant, and are glabrous as well as the twiggy branches ; racemes elongated ; bracteas deciduous ; pedicels at length spreading, shorter than the flowers ; wings of flower oval, obtuse. ^i . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purplish. J'ar. /3, ephedrnldes (D. C. prod. 1. p. 323.) Burch. cat. no. 1793. itin. 1. p. 485.) branches scarcely leafy ; racemes loose. Var. y, spartwides (Burch. cat. no. 4449.) branches and younger leaves hardly pubescent; wings of flower roundish. Broom-like Milkwort. Fl. iSIay, Oct. Clt. 1823. Shrub 3 ft. 28 P. Garci Ni (D. C. prod. 1. p. 323.) leaves linear, almost awl-shaped, rather distant, and are glabrous as well as the twiggy branches ;- racemes elongated ; pedicels hardly twice the length of the bracteas ; wings of flower oval, obtuse. T^ • ^• Native of the Cape of Good Hope. P. bracteolita y, Lin. amoen. 2. )). 137. — Burm. afr. t. 73. f. 3. Burch. trav. 1. p. 19. 37. Flowers purplish. Garcin's Milkwort. Fl. May, Oct. Shrub 3 feet. 29 P. ericifolia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 323.) leaves linear, erect, crowded, acute, glabrous, upper ones ciliated ; pedicels some- what umbellate, longer than the flowers ; wings of flower oval, mucronated. h . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burch. cat. no. 5514. Flowers purplish. Heath-leaved Milkwort. Fl. May, Oct. Shrub 3 feet. 30 P. pu'ngens (Burch. cat. no. 1598. trav. I. p. 304.) leaves linear, acutish, narrow, few ; branchlets divaricating, glaucous, rigid, spinescent at the top ; racemes 2-4-flowered. T; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers with a purple crest and white wings, veined with green. Capsides obcordate. /'i/nn-en^-branched Milkwort. Fl. May, Sept. Shrub li ft. 31 P. ri'gens (Burch. cat. no. 1821. trav. 1. p. 465.) leaves linear-oblong, channelled, obtuse, furnished at the top with a somewhat recurved point, and are pubescent as well as the younger branches ; racemes few-flowered ; wings of flower a little ciliated. Pj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purplish ? Stiff Milkwort. Fl. May, Sep. ? Shrub 1 foot. 32 P. leptoi'Iiy'lla (Burch. cat. no. 2380. trav. 1. p. 400.) leaves linear, erect, acutish, and are as well as younger branches rather pubescent ; racemes loose ; bracteas small, deciduous ; wings of flower elliptical. I; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purplish ? Slender-leaved Milkwort. Fl, May, Aug. Shrub 3 feet. 1 33 P. m'spiDA (Burch. cat. no. 4473.) lower leaves ellip- tical, upper ones somewhat linear, and are as well as branchlets covered with soft bristles ; racemes elongated, pubescent ; brac- teas deciduous, lower one equal in length to the pedicel ; wings of flower elliptical. y^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purplish ? //wpirf-leaved Milkwort. Fl. May, Sep. Shrub 1§ foot. 34 P. asbesti'na (Burch. cat. no. 2030. trav. 1. p. 543.) leaves obovate, tapering to the base, uppermost ones lanceolate, mucronated, rather glaucous, and are as well as the branchlets somewhat pubescent; peduncles generally 1 -flowered, lateral ; wings of flower lanceolate, green. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope beyond the Orange river. Flowers white. Capsides oval, cleft in two lobes at the top. Perhaps belong- ing to a separate section. Asbestus or Cloth Milkwort. Fl. May, Aug. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 35 P. polyi'hv'lla (D. C. prod. 1. p. 324.) leaves oblong, acute at both ends, crowded, rough on the back and margins ; branchlets somewhat puberulous ; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered. I7 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Plant with the habit of Mundia. Flowers probably purplish. Many-leaved Milkwort. Fl. May, Sep. Shrub 2 feet. t Species belonging to the present section, but whether the leaves are opposite or alternate is not mentioned. 36 P. ce'rnua (Thunb, prod. 1. p. 120.) flowers crested, racemose ; leaves lanceolate, glabrous. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers probably purple. Z)roo^«'ng'-flovvered Milkwort. Shrub. S7 P. virga'ta (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 120.) flowers crested, racemose ; leaves obovate-oblong. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Perhaps P. speciosa of Sims, Flowers purple ? Twiggy Milkwort. Shrub. 38 P. amce'na (Thunb. prod. 120.) flowers crested, lateral ; leaves obovate-oblong, glabrous. — Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers probably white. P. asbesthia of Burchell ? Pleasant Milkwort. Shrub. 39 P. tomento'sa (Thunb. prod. p. 120.) flowers crested in whorls ; leaves cordate, downy on the under surface. — Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purple ? Tomentose-XeaysA. Milkwort. Shrub. Sect. II. Poly'galon (see genus for derivation.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 324. Keel of flower crested. Capsules smooth. Bracteas three, situated at the base of the pedicels, deciduous. Elegant herbs and subshrubs. Native of Europe and the temperate parts of Asia. 40 P. tenuifolia (Willd. spec. 3. p. 879.) leaves linear, mucronated, and are as well as erect stem glabrous ; racemes elongated, loose, almost bractless ; wings of flower oval-oblong, acute. 7;. H. Native on the mountains of Siberia. Flowers flesh-coloured and blue. Thin-leaved Milkwort. PI. 1 foot. 41 P. Sibi'rica (Lin. spec. 987.) leaves lanceolate, lower ones ovate, glabrous, younger ones somewhat puberulous ; racemes loose, few-flowered ; bracteas soon falling ofl^; wings of calyx elliptical, mucronated. 2/ . H. Native on mountains in Siberia. Gmel. sib. 4. p. 64. t. 32. f. 1. Flowers intense blue. Siberian Milkwort. Fl. May, July ? PI. 3 foot. 42 P. Japo'nica (Houtt. syst. 8. t. 62. f. 1.) leaves glabrous, lower ones roimdish, upper ones ovate, acute ; stem erect ; racemes lateral, somewhat corymbose ; calyx spreading ; wings of calyx oblong. 1/ . G. Native of Japan. P. vulgaris, Thunb. jap. 277. Flowers blue. Japan Milkwort. PI. ^ foot. 352 POLYGALEJE. 1. Polygala. 43 P. DEKSIFLORA (Blum. l>ijdr. fl. iiid. nod. ex Scldccht. Linnoca 1. p. 4GC.) leaves linear-lanceolate, itiucronate, with ciliated revolute margins, lower ones obovate ; racemes supra- axillaiy, short, dense ; wings of calyx falcate, longer than the orbicular capside. J; . S. Native of Java. Flowers red ? Ddisc-Jldivircd MWkwoTt. Shrub 1 foot? 44 P. saxa'tilis (Desf atl. 2. p. 128. t. 175.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, mucronated ; stems shrubby at the base, decumbent ; racemes extra-axillary, few-Howered ; wings of calyx elliptical. Ij . F. Native of Mauritania, Spain, aiid south of France, on rocks. Flowers blue or purple. Stouc .Milkwort. Fl. May, .June. PI. 4 foot. 4.") P. Oxcycoccoi'des (Desf. atl. t. 174.) leaves elliptical, thickish ; stem shrubby, decumbent ; racemes lateral, short, few- flowered ; wings of calyx ovate. ^ . F. Native of the north of Africa in the fissures of rocks. Flowers blue or purple ? Cranbcrry-Ukc Milkwort. Fl. May, July. Shrub decumbent J to 4 foot long. 46 P. supi'na (Schreb. dec. t. 10.) leaves obovate, somewhat retuse ; stem shrubby, trailing ; racemes subterminal, 7-9- flowcred ; wint;s of calyx oval, somewhat .'J-nerved, longer than the corolla. Tj . F. Native of Armenia and Tauria in gravelly jilaces. P. andrachnoides, Willd. — Buxb. cent. t. 70. f. 2. Flowers either blue or purple. Trailing; Milkwort. .Shrub trailing. 47 P. adsce'ndens (Clark, in Spreng. new entd. 3. p. 165.) leaves ol)long, tapering at the base, lower ones obovate, some- what villous ; stem shrubby at the base, ascending ; racemes few-flowered ; wings of calyx oblong, obtuse, one-half shorter than the corolla ; ovary sessile. Ij . F. Native in the island of Cos. Flowers blue ? ^ scoiding-stcmmcd Milkwort. Shrub | foot. 48 P. vENULo'sA (.Sibth. et Smith, prod. fl. gr»c. 2. p. 52.) leaves elliptical-lanceolate ; stem ascending ; racemes subter- minal ; wings of calyx oblong, 3-nervcd, transversely veined, one-half shorter tlian the corolla. 7/ . F. Native in the islands of the Archipelago. Flowers blush-coloured, with a white crest ; the petals nearly twice as long as the wings. I'einif-w'mgei] Milkwort. PI. i foot. 49 P. stkami'nea (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 265.) stem erect, a little branched ; leaves lanceolate-linear, acuminate; bracteas deciduous ; wings ovate-elliptical, 3-nerved, twice the length of the corolla. 1/ . F. Native of Sicily. Flowers straw-coloured. .S7;-nn'-coloured- flowered Milkwort. PI. -j foot. 50 P. ei.onca'ta (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 265.) stem ascending ; leaves serrulated, lower ones obovate, u])))er ones oblong; wings of calyx elliptical, shorter than the corolla. 11. H. Native of Sicily. Eliwgalcit Milkwort. PI. ! foot. 51 P. multicau'lis (Taudi. in flor. 1821. p. 56y.) flowers crested ; racemes lax, few-Howered ; wings of calyx elliptical, acute, shorter than the corolla, deeply 3-nerved, with veiny margins ; stems filiform, much branched, trailing ; leaves linear- lanceolate, acute. 1/ . H. Native of Switzerland. Flowers blue. Mani/stcmmcd Milkwort. PI. \ foot. 52 P. no'sEA (Desf atl. 2. p. 128. t. 176.) lower leaves ob- long, obtuse, upper ones lanceolate ; stem erect, shrubby at the base ; wings of calyx oval, many-nerved, a little sluirtir than the corolla; ovary on a very short stipe. f; . 1'. Native of the north of Africa near TIemsen. Flowers rose-coloured, large. /?ow-coloured- flowered Milkwort. .Shrub 1 foot. 53 P. MA'jon (Jacq. austr. t. 113.) leaves linear-lanceolate, acute ; stems erect ; wings of calyx ovate, manv-nerved, a little longer thin the corolla ; ovary on a long stipe, l/ . H. Native of Italy, .Austria, Greece, and the Levant, in mountainous mea- dows. Flowers rose-purple, double the size of those of P. i-ulguris. — 15uxb. cent. 8. p. 10. t. 70. f 1. Znr^er-perennial Milkwort. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt,173!l. PI. 1 foot. 54 P. TiiruiNci' ACA (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 166.) stem ascend- ing, lower leaves s])atulate ; wings obovate, shorter than the corolla, but e(|ual in length to the capsule. %. II. Native of Thuringia and Italy. P. buxifolia, Reichb. Flowers blue or pur))le. Thuringian Milkwort. Fl. June, July. PI. \ foot. 5o P. o.w'iTERA (Iveiclib. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 166.) stem ascending ; leaves lanceolate ; wings acute, shorter than the corolla, and equal in length to the broad capsule. %. H. Na- tive of Germany .ind Denmark. P. vulgaris, Fl. dan. t. 516. Flowers blue and purple. Sharp-iringed Milkwort. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ to 4 foot. 56 P. FLAVESCENs (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 134.) leaves linear, rather lanceolate, acute ; stems ascending ; wings of calyx ellip- tical, acute at both ends, longer than the corolla and capsule. 1/. H. Native on the Appenines. — Seb. pi. rom. fuse. 1. t. 1. Flowers yellowish. I (7/oH(i7i-flowered Milkwort. PI. | foot. 57 P. vulga'ris (Lin. spec. 986.) leaves linear-lanceolate, bluntish ; stems ascending; wings of calyx elliptical, bluntish, a little longer than the capsidc, but somewhat equal in length or shorter than the corolla ; ovary almost sessile. ■y..H. Native on gravelly heathy pastures and woods throughout Europe, pleniifid in Britain. Flowers either blue, red, purple, white, or yellowish. 1'ar. a, lira (D. C. prod. 1. p. 325.) stems erectish, lower leaves obovate, obtuse, iq)per ones linear, acute. Smith, engl. hot. t. 76. Vaill. par. KiO, Kil. t. 32. f. 1. J'ar. /?, piibhcens (D. C. I. c.) stems decumbent, and arc as well as leaves pubescent. Rohd. journ. bot. 2. p. 359. I'ar. (, 1'crviana (Lej. fl. spa. 2. p. 92.) stems ascending; leaves lanceolate-linear ; flowers white. I'ar. t, aciilifolia (D. C. 1. c.) stems erect; leaves linear; flowers middle-sized, bhie. I'ar. '(, anguslifolia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 325.) stems erect; leaves linear ; flowers middle-sized, rose-coloured. P. Mons- peliaca, Vill. dauph. 3. p. '^S& ? Jar. K, grandijiiira (D. C. prod. 1. p. 325.) stems erect; leaves linear ; flowers large, rose-coloured. P. Monspeliaca, All. pedm. no. 1087. The Polygala vulgaris, like the rest of the European species, is bitter, and when given in infusion promotes expectoration, and is good for a catarrhous cough. Duhamel used it in pleuritic cases with eifect. Linna-us found the plant to ])Ossess the same properties as P. Senega, but in an infirior degree. Tlu' pow- dered root may be given in doses of half a drachm. Foreigners celebrate it as a grateful and nutritious food for cattle. Accord- ing to the Swedish experiments, kine, sheep, and goats eat it, but swine refuse it. Common Milkwort. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. -J to -j ft. 58 P. como'sa (Schkuhr, handb. t. 194.) stem erect; lower leaves scattered, obovate, the rest linear ; bracteas longer than the flower ; wings elliptical, longer than the capsule and co- rolla, l; . H. Native of Germany. P. vulgaris var. y, elata, D. C. prod. 1. ]). 325. Flowers purple or blue. Tvfled .Milkwort. Fl. May, Jidy. PI. | foot. 59 P. AisTBi ACA (Crantz. aust. t. 2. f. 4.) stem ascending; lower leaves obovate, oblong ; wings 3-nerved, elliptical, equal in length to the corolla, shorter than the capsule. 1/ . H. Na- tive of (iermany, south of I'rance, and Volhynia. NN ings of flower greenish after flowering. P. decipiens, I3ess. cont. 2. p. POLYGALETE. I. Polygala. 353 bhi owcfs blup, or 73. V. amaia, fl. Lith. P. ulii;iiiosa, Rchb. Fl piirplo, or white. Plant very bitti'V. Aiislr'uin Milkwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. PI. \ to A foot. CO P. alpe'stris (Reichb. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. lUG.) stem ascending, lower leaves obovate-oblong ; wings ol)tusc, longer than the corolla, but equal in length with the broad capsule. 1/ . II. Native of Switzerland, France, Austria, and Volhynia, on the Alps. P. aniara, Jacq. austr. t. 412. P. Vaillanti, Bess. cont. 2. p. 73. — Vaill. par. t. 32. f. 3. Perhaps P. Iiijbr'nla, no. C2. Flowers blue. ^//j Milkwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. PI. | to i foot. Gl P. ama'ra (Lin. spec. 987.) radical leaves obovate, very blunt, cauline ones linear ; stems erectish ; wings of calyx ellip- tical, equalling the corolla in length ; capsules almost orbicular. 1/. H. Native of mountainous pastures of Europe, particularly Germany, Switzerland, France, and Austria. Flowers blue. lay. ji ! cccspitbsa (D. C. prod. 1 . p. 325.) flowers blue ; stems tufted, procumbent; leaves linear, upper ones approximating the flowers. P. repens, Merat. — Sims, bot. mag. 2437. Var. y, tdphia (Poir. diet. 5. p. 488.) flowers few, blue ; stems tufted, procumbent, very short ; lower leaves obovate. rar. f, ohtusijol'ia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 325.) flowers blue ; stems tufted, procumbent, lower leaves obovate, very blunt. Probably the same qualities as are ascribed to P. Senega may reside in this, and it might be used as a succedaneum for it. Gesner asserts, that an infusion of it is a safe cathartic. A tincture of 4 ounces of it, in a pint of Canary wine is ex- tremely bitter, and of a brownish colour. It is employed in the pleurisy, in malignant and milk fevers, and in phthisis pulmo- nalis. A drachm of the root in jjowder is given as a dose ; or an ounce of it is boiled in a pint and a half of water to a pint, and drank with milk. The stimulating and resolving principles are stronger in P. Senega, but this seems to abound more in balsamic resin. It is more efficacious than P. vulgaris, but that may be owing in a great measure to its mountainous or subalpine situa- tion. (Mart. Mill.) Bitter Milkwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1 775. PI. i foot. C2 P. hy'brida (D. C. prod. 1. p. 325.) stem glabrous, erectish, simple, lower leaves oblong, the rest linear ; wings of calyx oblong, longer than the corolla. 1/. F. Native of the Ural deserts in Siberia. This plant is intermediate between the two preceding species. Flowers blue. Hybrid Milkwort. Fl. June, July. PI. j to i foot. f)3 P. PoDo'ncA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 325.) stem erectish, gla- brous, simple ; leaves linear, acute ; bracteas awl-shaped, twice the length of the flower ; wings of calyx oblong, 1-nerved, equal in length to the corolla (white, with a green line on the middle). 11 . H. Native of southern Podolia. Flowers blue ? Podolian Milkwort. Fl. June, July. PI. J foot. 64 P. Moxspeli'aca (Lin. spec. 987.) stem erect, glabrous, almost simple ; leaves linear, acuminated ; wings of calyx oblong, 3-nerved, acute at both ends. O- H. Native on sterile places about the Mediterranean and the south of France. D. C. icon, rar. 1. p. 3. t. 9. Flowers pale rose-coloured or greenish, very small. Montpelier^ Milkwort. Fl. June, Jidy. Clt. 1823. PI. f ft. 65 P. ExiLis (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. laS.) stem erect, glabrous, much branched ; leaves linear, tliickish ; wings of calyx oval, obtuse, 1-nerved, length of capsule; raceme loose. O. H. Native in the south of France and Spain. P. linearis, Lag. P. nova, Boiss. fl. eur. 1. p. 474. f. 1. Flowers rose- coloured or blue. Slender ]\Iilkwort. Fl. July. PI. | foot. 60 P. gluma'cea (Smith, prod. fl. graec. 2. p. 52. fl. grsec. t. 670.) stem somewhat erect ; leaves lanceolate-linear, acumi- nated; wings of calyx elliptical-lanceolate, twice as long as the VOL. I. PART IV. corolla, 3-nerved, obsolctcly veined. H. Y. Native in the island of Cv])rus, and at Gibraltar. Flowers white, small. Clwffij Alilkwort. Fl. June, July. PI. | foot. 67 P. Di'scoi.oR (Hamilt. in herb. Lamb. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 199.) spike many-flowered; win^s spatulatc ; stem erect, simi)le ; lower leaves obovate or elliptical, reddish beneath, upper ones linear-lanceolate, mucronatc. ©. H. Native of Upper Nii)aul. P. leptostichya, D. C. in herb. Lamb, P. lepta- lea and P. oligophylla, D. C. prod. 1. p. 325. Flowers small, pendulous. Two-culuured-\evi\eA Milkwort. PI. ^ foot. ■j" Species not stijfficiently known, but evidently belonging to section Polygalon. 68 P. eionga'ta (Klein, in Willd. spec. 3. p. 879.) flowers crested ; racemes axillary, elongated ; stem branching from the base ; leaves linear, obtuse, mucronated, with rather ciliated margins. ©. S. Native of the East Indies near Hydrabad. Elingated-x&ccvneA Milkwort. PI. § foot. 69 P. longifo'lia (Poir. diet. 5. p. 501.) flowers crested; racemes spike-formed ; wing of flower oblong ; stem almost simple; leaves very long, grassy, upper ones filiform. ©. S. Native of Java. Long-leaved Milkwort. Fl. July, Aug. PI. }j foot. 70 "p. Tranqueba'rica (Mart, ex Goet. anz. 1817. p. 159.) flowers crested ; racemes few-flowered, lateral ; leaves linear, mucronated ; stems herbaceous, branched. ©. S. Native on the shores of Tranquebar and Coromandel. Tranqucbar Milkwort. PI. ^ foot. 71 P. Ma'rtii (D. C. prod. 1. p. 332.) flowers crested; racemes lateral ; leaves lanceolate-linear, bluntish ; stems pro- cumbent, herbaceous. © ? S. Native of the East Indies. P. pu- bescens. Mart, ex Gcet. anz. 1817. p. 159. but not of Nutt. Mariiuss Milkwort. PL \ foot. 72 P. va'rians (Mart. 1. c.) flowers crested ; racemes axil- lary ; lower leaves obcordate or ovate, upper ones lanceolate ; stem herbaceous, branched, prociunbent ; peduncles hairy, ©? S. Native of Bengal. I'arying Milkwort. PI. ^ foot. 73 P. UMBRo'sA (Mart. 1. c.) flowers crested ; racemes axillary ; leaves oblong, acutish, tapering to the base. © ? S. Native of Bengal. Shaded Milkwort. PI. ^ foot. 74 P. macropiiy'lla (D. C. prod. 1. p. 332.) flowers crested ; wings cordate-orbicular ; racemes axillary ; leaves obovate, emarginated. Ij . S. Native of Madagascar. — Vouhe Flac. mad. p. 136. no. 94. icon. Large-leaved jNIilkwort. Shrub 1 foot ? 75 P. RARiFo'iiA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 332.) flowers crested ; wings of flower obovate, longer than the elliptical capsule ; leaves linear, acute ; stem suflTruticose, erect, furrowed, twiggy. 2/ . Tj . S. Native of Sierra Leone in low grassy places. Flowers blue. Perhaps belonging to a proper section. This plant has the habit of a species of Genesta. Rare-leaved .Milkwort. Fl. Feb. May. Shrub 1 to U foot. Sect. III. Blepiiari'dium (from jiXupapie, blepharis, an eye- lash, and tUuQ, eidos, similar, in allusion to the ciliary margins of the capsule.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 32C. Keel of cjroUa crested. Capsules emarginate at the apex, with ciliated margins. Racemes short, lateral. Bracteas 3, small, situated at the base of each pedicel. Small much branched herbs, natives of India, Egypt, and Guinea. Flowers pale-red and greenish. 70 P. telepiuoi'des (Willd. spec. 3. p. 876.) flowers crested ; racemes axillary, twice as long as the leaves ; stem simple, erect ; leaves oblong, obtuse, tapering to the base. ©. S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers green. Capsule ciliated. Z z 354 POLYGALE.E. I. Polyoala. Orpine-like Milkwort. PI. 4 foot. 77 P. ERio'pTERA (1). C. prod. 1. p. 326.) stems asccndinff, branclii'd, piibcsccnt-vclvety :it the apex ; leaves linear, acutisli, glabrous ; racemes 4-.5-flowered ; wings of calyx elliptical, pu- bescent, longer than the oblong velvety capside. H . .S. Na- tive of Senegal and Egypt. P. paniculata, Forsk. fl. arab. no. 429 ? Flowers pale-red .' JVoollij-n'ingcd Milkwort. PI. 1 foot. 78 P. obtusa'ta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 32G.) stems diflfuse, twiggy, glabrous ; leaves linear, very obtuse ; racemes 2-G- flowered ; wings of calyx oblong, obtuse, glabrous, somewhat ciliated, longer than the capsule, which is rather pubescent. 1^. G. Native of Arabia and Egypt. 06/u»r-wingcd Milkwort. PI. 1 foot. 79 P. LiNARiFoLiA (Willd. spcc. 3. p. 877.) stem erect, twiggy, branched, pubescent ; leaves linear, straight ; racemes G-8-flowcred ; wings of calyx oval-oblong, acute; capsules ob- cordate, ciliated. % t ?;?!>. Native of the islands of Min- danao and Saniboagang. Flowers rcflexed. Toad-Flax -Icaiid Milkwort. PI. \\ foot. 80 P. pkocu'mbens (Roth. nov. spec. p. .'i29.) stem procum- bent, ])ilose; leaves oblong-oval, obtuse, somewhat mucronated, ciliated, glabrous ; racemes axillary, short, few-flowered ; wings of calyx acimiinatcd ; capsules cmarginate, edged with hairs. Jj ? S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers purple. Far. ft, angiistij'vlia (Roth. 1. c.) leaves longer and narrower than in variety a. Procumbent Milkwort. PL procumbent. 81 P. glomera'ta (Lour. fl. coch. 426.) stem somewhat erect, branched, pubescent ; leaves obovatc-oblong ; racemes dense, 7- 8-flowered ; wings of calyx oval, acuminated ; corolla generally 3-petalled ; ca])sules orbicular. 1i. l^ . G. Native of China near Canton. Flowers white. Glomeraled-HowtTL'd Milkwort. PI. i foot. 82 P. OLAUCOIDES (Lin. spec. 991.) stems diffuse, somewhat pubescent ; leaves oval-oblong, on short stalks, glabrous, glaucous ; racemes 7-8-flowercd ; wings of calyx oval, acute ; capsules obovate, emarginatc, somewhat ciliated. 1(L. S. Na- tive of Ceylon. I'lowers white. Glans-likc Milkwort. PI. 2 inches. 83 P. ARENA RiA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 880.) stem procum- bent ; leaves oblong, stalked ; racemes ovate-globose, on short peduncles; wings of calyx obovate, downy ; capsules oval, emar- ginate, ciliated. 0. S. Native of Guinea. Flowers rcflexed. 5'aneautiful little plant has much the smell and taste of /'. Senega, but is not so strong or disagreeable. It is a mild :it- tenuant and sudorific, and may be administered in infusions or decoctions. /'onic/ctZ-flowered Milkwort. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt.1823. PI. ^ ft. 145 P. scopa'ria (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 399.) racemes spike-formed, rather loose ; leaves scattered, linear ; stem erect, somewhat fastigiately-branchcd ; root vermicular, twisted. "U. . 8. Native near Mexico. Herb smooth. Flowers white. Seeds oblong, cylindrical, covered with retrograde silky hairs. Broom Milkwort. PI. | to 1 foot. IK) P. corymbosa (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 54.) racemes many, disposed in a terminal corymb ; wings of calyx oblong, cuspidate ; radical leaves obovate, cauline ones linear, uppermost ones awl-shai)ed. IJ. . F. Native in bogs among sphagnum from Carolina to Floricla. P. cymosa, \Valt. carol. 179. Flowers citron-yellow. Corymbose Milkworl. Fl. .Tune, Aug. PI. 1 foot. 147 P. GUAMiNiF<)i.iA (Poir. ; . S. Native of Brazil near a town called Uio Pardo. Flowers purplish, disposed in racemes resembling Er'iea rulgaris. I'ar. jZ, lilba (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves less cordate at the base, less puberulous ; flowers white or pale purple. ^ . S. In Minas Geraes. Dunal's Milkwort. Fl. Feb. Sept. Sh. 1 foot. 154 P. a'lba (Nutt. gen. 2. p. 87.) r.acemes spike-formed, peduncled ; wings of calyx roundish, length of corolla ; leaves alternate, linear, w ith revolutc margins ; stem simple, elongated. 1/ . F. Native of Upper Louisiana. P. Senega, var. alba, Pursh. Flowers white. This plant possesses the same qualities as P. Senega, no. 108. p. 359. ;r/,(7f-flowered Milkwort. Fl. June, July. PI. 4 to 1 foot. ].')5 P. kuise'lla (Pursii, (I. amer. sejjt.S. p. 4()4.) pubescent ; racemes rather loose, somewhat spiked, elongated ; wings of calyx oval, very blunt; leaves lanceolate-linear, mucronated ; stem erect, furrowed, a little branched at the top. 11 • H. Native in woods and on dry shady hills from Pennsylvania to Georgia. P. ])olygam3, Walt. I'lowers pale red. This species approaches near to P. vulgaris. Like some of the European species this plant is a powerful bitter, imparting its properties both to water and alcohol. In the United .States of America it is administered in small doses, as a useful tonic and stimulant to the digestive organs. In large doses it operates as a cathartic and excites diaphoreses. Dr. Bigelow says its powers appear to resemble the /'. vulgaris and P. amara of Europe, which are considered tonic and expec- torant. 7?rtZ-flow cred Milkwort. I'l. June, July. PI. 4 foot. 156 P. Diautea'na (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 34.) stem herba- ceous, puberulous ; leaves linear, acute, on short petioles, smooth ; racemes spike-formed, narrow, loose ; wings elliptical or obovate, hlunlish, about e(iu;d in length with the keel ; seeds clavate, rather pilose. ©. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. I'lowers greenish-white. Duarte's Milkwort. Fl. Dec. Feb. PI. 1 to U foot. 157 P. Kovbie'nna (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 35.) stem suftru- ticose, tufted, or a little branched ; leaves obtuse, mucronulate, lower ones obovate : racemes s))ike-formed. truncate at the apex, loose ; wings elliptical, very blunt, somewhat emarginate, ecpial in length to the keel ; seeds rather cylindrical, incurved, villous, I; . S. Native of Brazil in the jirovince of Minas Geraes. Rnubicu's Milkwort. Fl. .Mar. Shrub | to 1 foot. 158 P. MoQiiNiA na (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 36. t. 86.) stems suflTruticose, prostrate, somewhat (piadrangular, puberulous, leaves numerous, distich, lanceolate, mucronulate, ))uberulous, obsoletelv-dotted ; racemes capitate, obtuse, dense, on long l)e- dunclcs ; wings lanceolate, acute, longer than the keel ; seeds cylindrical, pubescent. I7 . S. Native of Brazil in the jirovince of St. P.-iul. The heads of flowers resemble those of Jasione or (jloliiilaria. jMoi/uin-Tandon's MWknort. Fl. Mar. Sh. 4 foot. 15!) P. OBOVATA (St. Hil. fl. bras.2. p. 37.) stem suffruti- 1 POLYGALE.E. I. Polygala. 359 cose, crowded, puberulous ; leaves usually obovate, mucronate, full of small pellucid dots ; racemes capitate, dense ; wings ob- lonfT-cUiptical, rather narrow, acute, longer than the keel ; seeds oblong-cylindrical, villous. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in the pro- vince of Rio Grande do Sul, among rocks. Flowers white. Oioi'fl^c'-leaved Milkwort. Fl. Oct. Feb. Shrub 1 foot. IGO P. Cneo'rum (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 38.) stems suffruti- cose, ascending ; leaves very numerous, narrow-linear, tapering to tlie base, mucronidate at the top, full of minute pellucid dots ; racemes capitate, dense ; wings ovate-lanceolate, mucronulate, about equal in length to the keel ; seeds cylindrical, pubescent. I^ . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geracs. Cncorum-likc Milkwort. Fl. March. Shrub -J foot. IGl P. BRYOiDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 39.) stem suff'ruti- cose, crowded, dichotomous at the apex, puberulous, clammy ; leaves small, very numerous, narrow, linear, acute, falcate, rather fleshy, full of pellucid dots ; wings lanceolate, narrow, acute, rather glandular, hardly longer than the keel ; seeds clavate- cvlindrical, villous. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes in sandy places. Habit of Erica. Flowers white, tinged with red. Var. fl, pijgmcca (St. Hil. 1. c.) stem 2 inches ; leaves broader, less fleshy, lower ones rather obovate. Near Barbacena. Bryum-like Milkwort. Fl. Sep. Dec. Shrub -J foot. 162 P. psEUDOERfcA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 40. t. 87.) stem suffruticose, dichotomous ; branchlets pubescent ; leaves very numerous, spreading, narrow linear, acute, fidl of pellucid dots ; racemes small, terminal and lateral, spike-formed ; wings ellip- tical, obtuse, glandular in the middle, rather longer than the keel ; seeds oblong, a little incurved, villous. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers yellow, tinged with purple. False-heath Milkwort. Fl. Sept. Shrub ^ foot. 16S P. DENsiFOLiA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 4-1.) stem sub- herbaceous, erect, rather twiggy ; branches umbellate, usually di-trichotomous ; leaves very numerous, imbricated, linear, acute, full of pellucid dots ; racemes spike-formed, rather pyramidal ; wings elliptical, obtuse, mucronate, longer than the keel ; seeds oblong, villous. ©. 1/ . S. Native of Brazil on hills in the eastern part of the province of Cis Platine. Flowers yellowish. Jar. jy, grandifibra (St. Hil. 1. c.) stems thicker ; leaves longer, broader ; flowers larger, greenish-white. In Minas Geraes. I'ar. y, minor (St. Hil. 1. c.) stem much smaller, quadrangular, twiggy ; leaves stiffer and broader ; spikes much shorter. In Minas Geraes. Dense-leaved Milkwort. Fl. Nov. Jan. PI. 1 to 2 feet. t Species not sufficiently known, hut evidently belonging to section Timoutou. 164 P. sulca'ta (Willd. spec. 3. p. 878.) flowers crested; racemes terminal on pedimcles ; stems erect, furrowed, branched at the top; leaves linear, pressed to the stem. ©. S. Native of Brazil at Monte Video. Very hke P. paniculata. Flowers violaceous. Furroned-stemmed Milkwort. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 1 foot. 165 P. tene'lla (Willd. spec. 3. p. 878.) flowers crested; racemes terminal, on very long peduncles ; stem erect, branched at the top ; leaves linear-ovate, mucronate. ©. S. Native of Panama. Like P. paniculata. Flowers small, flesh-coloured. Pliant Milkwort. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 1| foot. 166 P. Brazilie'nsis (Lin. mant. 99.) flowers crested, some- what spiked ; stems prostrate, very simple ; leaves lanceolate. Native in Brazil. Flowers white. Brazilian Milkwort. PI. prostrate. 167 P. Guinee'nsis (Willd. spec. 3. p. 882.) flowers crested, nodding ; racemes axillary, seciuid ; leaves filiform ; stem branched, herbaceous. Native of Guinea. Guinea Milkwort. Fl. April, June. PI. 4 foot. Sect. VI. Se'nega (by mistake supposed to have first come from Senegal.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 330. Keel of flower beardless. Three outer sepals of calyx nearly equal. Leaves alternate. Ame- rican herbs. The character given by M. Auguste St. Hilaire to this section is as follows. Style simple or 2-lobed ; superior lobe longest. Caruncle of seed helmet-formed, usually with one appendage. 168 P. Se'nega (Lin. spec. 990.) stems many, rather erect, simple, terete ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, upper ones acuminated ; racemes somewhat spike-formed ; wings of calyx orbicular ; capsules elliptical, emarginate. 1/ . F. Native of North Ame- rica on the sides of hills and in dry woods from Carolina to Geor- gia. Woodv. med. hot. 3. t. 93. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1051. Flowers small, red. This is the famous Senega or Snake-rout, formerly so celebrated for the bite of rattle-snakes, but other more effi- cacious remedies have supplanted it, as Prenanlhes and Liatris. This plant has a branched woody contorted root, about half an inch thick, and covered with an ash-coloured bark, whence it is supposed to resemble the tail of the rattle-snake. It is inodorous ; the taste is at first sweetish and nauseous, but after being chewed for less than a minute, becomes pungent and hot, producing a singular sensation in the fauces. Medically it is considered stimulating, expectorant, and diuretic, and in large doses emetic and cathartic; it increases absorption and the force of circidation, and consequently augments the natural excretions, and frequently occasions a copious ptyalism. It was introduced to the notice of physicians by Dr. Tennant, who having discovered that it was an antidote employed inteinally as well as applied externally to the wounds by the Senegaro Indians against the bite of the rattle-snake, and reasoning from the effects of the poison, and of the re- medy in removing these, was induced to try it in pneumonic affections, and found it to aflJbrd very marked relief by promot- ing expectoration even in far advanced stages of inflammation, but it is apt to disorder the stomach and induce diarrhoea. On account of its stimidating and diaphoritic properties, however, it can be employed in these complaints only after the resolu- tion of the inflammation by bleeding and evacuations. It proves more directly useful in humoral asthma, chronic catarrh, chronic rheumatism, and soiue kinds of dropsy. (Thoms. lond. dispens. p. 450.) In consequence of its well-ascertained power of excit- ing salivation, it has been introduced as a remedy in croup by Dr. Archer of Maryland ; he gives two tea-spoonsful of a strong decoction of the root twice in an hour, according to the urgency of the symptoms, until it .lets as an emetic or cathartic. Dr. Brandreth of Liverpool derived great benefit in some cases of lethargy from an extract of seneka combined with carbonate of ammonia. A pecidiar principle has lately been discovered in the root of this plant by Gehlen, to which he has given the name of senegin. It is a brown substance, and excites violent sneezing like tobacco. The powder of the root is given in doses from 20 to 30 grains. The decoction is made from one ounce of the root to two pints of water, boiled down to one pint and strained ; this is given in doses of three ounces three or four times a-day. ^'cHcg-f/, Seneka, or Snake-root Milkwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1739. PI. I foot. 169 P. poly'gama (Walt. fl. carol. 179.) stems many, simple, erect and procumbent ; leaves oblong, acute or linear-lanceo- 360 POLYGALE.E. I. POLYCALA. late ; lower racemes apetalous. 1/ . F. Native in tlie pinc- l)arrfns of Carolina. Calyx greenish- white, with pale yellow petals (Pursh.) Flowers red (Nutt.). Racemes axillary and terminal. Polygamous Milkwort. Fl. July, Aug. PI. -j- foot. 170 P. MoxTi'coLA (H. B. et Kuntli, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 405.) stems almost simple, hairy-puhescent, as well /e«i'e(/ Milkwort. Shrub 1 foot. 204 P. spf.cta'bilis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 331.) stem shrubby; leaves oval-oblong, acuminated, tapering to the base, upper ones generally opposite ; flowers disposed in long racemes ; keel of flower beardless ; wings orbicular. ^ . S. Native of Para in South America. Remarkable Milkwort. Shrub 1 foot. 205 P. Chine'nsis (Lin. spec. 989.) stem suffruticose, pros- trate ; leaves oval, obtuse ; flowers in short racemes ; keel of flower beardless ; wings obovate. t; • Gr. Native of China. Flowers probably purple. China Milkwort. Shrub decumbent. Sect. VIII. Brachy'tuopis (from /3pax, united with the tube of the stamens, the lower one keel-formed, 3-lobed (f Gi). a.), middle lobe beard- less, entire, or emarginate, 2 lateral petals scale-formed (f (i9. a.) 2 superior ones alternating with the siqierior sepals of the calyx. .Stamens 8, united into a tube, which is cleft in front, free at the apex. Anthers bursting by a terminal pore. Fruit baccate or capsular, 2-celled, sj)atnlate (f 69. 6.), tapering towards the base. Seeds with a long tuft of hair at their base (f. 69. c.). Erect POIA'GALR.l-. III. CoMEsi-EiiMA. IV. Badif.ra. 363 or scandent shrubs, rarely herbs. Bracteas 2 or 3 at the base of the llowers. Flowers small, disposed in compound panicles or sim- ple racemes. 1 C. RETu'sA (Labill. 1. c. t. IGO.) shrub glabrous, erect ; leaves oblona;, obtuse ; racemes contracted ; middle lobe of corolla entire. ^ . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Flowers purple. /fc^Hie-leaved Comespcrma. Fl. May, Aug. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 2 C. secu'nda (Banks' herb, and D. C. prod. 1. p. 334.) shrub pubescent, erect ; leaves ovate, mucronate ; racemes secund. T^ . G. Native of New Holland near Endeavour river. Flowers purple. .S'(Wc-flowering Comesperma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. ;] C. coR-.DiFOLiA (Ciming. in Fields' trav. p. 337.) this species is nearly allied to C. confirta of Lab. but it is not described in the above work. T; . G. Native of New Holland on the Blue Mountains. Flowers purple. Coris-leaved Comesperma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 4 C. confe'rta (Labill. specim. FIG. 69. nov. holl. 2. t. 161.) shrub erect, glabrous ; leaves linear, crowded, erect, with revolute margins; racemes contracted ; middle lobe of corolla emarginated, T^ . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Leaves 7-8 lines long. Flowers purple, (f. 69.) Cro)vded-lea\ed Comesperma. Sh. 1 foot. 5 C. ERiciKA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 334.) shrub glabrous, erect ; leaves linear, with somewhat revolute mar- gins, obliquely erect ; racemes rather /f^ ^W/^ -^W^ ^? lax ; middle lobe of corolla en- tire. ^ . G. Native on the eastern coast of New Holland. Leaves 3 or 4 lines long. Flowers purple. Hcath-lihe Comesperma. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1822. Shrub 2 feet. 6 C. fla'va (D. C. prod. 1. p. 334.) shrub glabrous, erect ; leaves linear, flat, erect ; racemes contracted ; middle lobe of corolla entire. ^ . G. Native on the eastern coast of New Holland. Flowers yellow. } f //o»'-flowered Comesperma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 7 C. calyme'ga (Labill. specim. nov. holl. 2. t. 162.) herb glabrous, erect ; leaves lanceolate ; wings or two inner sepals scarcely exceeding in length the rest of the sepals ; middle lobe of lower petal entire. If. . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. C. isocalyx, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 172. Flowers purple. Large-calyxed Comesperma. PI. 1 foot. 8 C. NUDiu'scuLA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 334.) shrub glabrous, erect, twiggy ; leaves linear, rather setaceous, acute, upper ones very small ; racemes rather lax ; wings hardly exceeding in length the rest of the sepals. I7 . G. Native of New Holland at King George's Sound. Flowers purple. Nalcedish Comesperma. Shrub li foot. 9 C. virga'ta (Labill. specim. nov. holl. 2. t. 159.) shrub glabrous, erect, twiggy ; leaves lanceolate-linear, bkmtly acumi- nated ; racemes elongated ; middle lobe of corolla emarginate. ^: . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers purple. Tniggy Comesperma. Shrub 3 feet. 10 C. volu'bilis (Labill. 1. c. t. 163.) herb glabrous, twining ; leaves very few, lanceolate ; racemes contracted ; midtlle lobe of corolla toothed, li . ^. G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Flowers purple. r7ii!«/)?^-stemmed Comesperma. PI. twining. 11 C. Ki-NTHIA'XA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 54. t. 90.) stem shrubby ; branches spreading, tomcntose ; leaves lanceolate or roundish, acute or very obtuse, and as if they were emarginate, sometimes mucronulated, pubescent on both sin-faces ; panicle somewhat pyramidal, dense, leafy at the base ; wings orbicidar, ciliated. fj . S. Native of Brazil .in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers whitish. Kunth's Comesperma. Fl. April. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 12 C. rLoRiBu'NDA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 5'>. t. 91.) stem shrubby, scandent ; branches thick, angular at the top ; leaves ob- long, obtuse at the base, acuminate at the apex, smooth above and puberulous below ; panicle composed of bundles of flowers, rather leafy ; wings obovate, hardly emarginate, puberulous in the middle. \ . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers whitish or yellowish. Bundle-Jlowercd Comesperma. Fl. March. Shrub 3 to 7 ft. 13 C. LAURiFOLiA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 56.) stem shrubby, erect ; branches angular at the apex, tomentose ; leaves elliptical, lanceolate, with a short acumen, smooth above, and tomentosely-pubescent below; panicle very loose; wings ovate- orbicular, ciliated at the base. 1^ . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers greenish-white. Laurel-leaved Comesperma. Fl. Feb. Shrub 5 feet. Cult. The species of the genus Comesperma thrive best in a mixture of sandy-loam and peat ; and yoimg cuttings will root freely if planted in sand under a bell-glass, those of the stove species in heat. They are all worthy of cidtivation. IV. BADIE'RA (M. Badier, a French botanist, and friend of De Candolle's.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 334. — Penae'a, Plum. gen. p. 22. t. 25. but not of Lin. Lin. syst. Monadclpliia, Octdndria. Calyx 5-sepalled, de- ciduous ; sepals almost etpial in size and length. Three lower petals somewhat joined at the base ; middle one of these concave, beardless. Stamens 8, monadelphous. Capsules compressed, obcordate, 2-celled, with furrowed margins. Seeds glabrous, with a large oily arillus, filling the cell from above. American shrubs. 1 B. DivERsiFoLiA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 334.) racemes short, axillary ; leaves oval, oblong, acuminated at both ends. '7 . S. Native of Jamaica in woods. Polygala diversifolia, Lin. amoeu. 2. p. 140. — Browne, jam. t. 5. f. 3 and 4. — Sloan, jam. 141. hist. 2. p. 32. t. 170. f. 2. Flowers greenish-white. This shrub is called in iaw\a\ca Baslard Lignum-J itce,heQ3iWr,e it tastes not imlike the gimiofthat wood, and is sometimes used for the same purposes. Variable-leaved Badiera. Shrub 8 feet. 2 B. Dominge'nsis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 335.) racemes axillary, very long, pubescent ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse. 1; . S. Native of the mountains in St. Domingo. Polygala Domin- gensis, Jacq. amer. ed. min. 252. B. Berteriana, Spreng. svst. 3. p. 172. Flowers greenish-yellow. St. Domingo Badiera. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 3 B. Pen.ea (D. C. prod. 1. p. 135.) flowers solitary, axil- lary, on peduncles ; leaves obovate, obtuse. ^ ■ S. Native of South America. Polygala Peneea, Lin. amoen. 2. p. 140. Plum. ed. Burm. t. 214. f. 1. Flowers probably yellowish. Peiia's Badiera. Shrub 3 to 8 feet. 4 B. acu.mina'ta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 335.) racemes lateral, opposite the leaves ; leaves oblong, acuminated, shorter than the racemes. Ij . S. Native of New Spain. Polygala acumi- nata, Willd. spec. 2. p. 887. Very like B. diversifolia, accord- ing to Willdenow. Flowers greenish-yellow. Aai)ninatcd-\ca\cd Badiera. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 5 B. divarica'ta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 335.) racemes axillary, panicled, velvety ; leaves oval-oblong, glabrous ; wings obovate. T^ . S. Native of Para in Brazil. Perhaps belonging to this genus. 3 A 2 :m 1 POLYGALE^E. V. Soilami.v. VI. Miraltia. Z'ii'«ricn/f(/-branclic'cl Badicra. Slirub 3 to 8 feet. Cult. The species of Badicra will do well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and yonnfj cuttinfjs will root if planted in a pot of sand, with a bell-glass placed over them, in heat. V. .SOUL.'V'MIA {Soiilanwu is the name of the tree in the Moluccas.) Lam. diet. 1. p. 149. D. C. prod. 1. p. 335. Lin. syst. Monadt'lphia, Hexandria. Calyx of 5 sepals, 3 outer ones very small, 'Z inner ones larger, concave. Petal 1, concave. .Stamens C ? Capsules (samara) not opening, com- pressed, suberose, orbicular, eniarginate, 2-celled. Seeds with- out albumen. According to Lam. the character is as follows : Calyx small, trifid. Petals 3. .Stigma sessile. .Samara 2- celled, obcordate; cells 1 -seeded. A shrub wiih crowded ovate leaves, tapering to the base, quite entire, and veiny. Racemes short, axillary. I S. ama'ra (Lam. I. c.) \ . S. Native of the Moluccas and .lava on rocky places by the sea-side. He.x amaroris, Kuniph. anib. 2. p. 129. t. 40. Leaves large, oval-oblong, en- tire. I'lowers white, racemose. The whole plant is very bitter, and is used as a strengthening medicine in its native country, and as a counterpoison. It is called Caju Soulamou in the island i)f Ternatea. ISittcr Soidaniia. Fl.' Dec. Shrub 10 feet. Cult. As this shrub has not yet been introduced to the gar- dens the mode of cultivating it is unknown, but we would re- commend its being grown in a mixture of loam and sand, and young cuttings will no doulit root if planted in a pot of sand, ])laccd under a hand-glass, in heat. VI. MURA'LTIA (in honour of John Von Muralt, a Swiss bot.inist.) Neck. elem. no. 1382. D. C. prod. 1. p. 335. Heis- teria. Berg. cap. 185. but not of Lin. Lin. syst. Mmiadelph'ta, I/crihidiia. Calyx glumaceous, of 5 sepals. .Sepals almost equal. Petals 3, connected, middle one bifid, with obtuse lobes. Ovary crowned with 4 horns or tubercles. Capsules 2-valved, 2-celled, crowned with 4 horns or 4 tubercles. Shrubs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope, with a rigid spiny habit. Flowers small, axillary, sessile, usually purple or red. * Leaves mucronatchj-putigciit at their apex. 1 P. Hkiste'uia (D. C. prod. I. p. iioi.) leaves triquetrous, stirt', spiny at the apex, in bundles; branchlets puberulous ; flowers axillary, sessile. »; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ileisteria piingens. Berg. cap. 185. Polygala, Heisteria, Lin. spec. 989. Curt. bot. mag. t. 310. Horns longer than the capsule. Flowers small, pur])le. I'ar. fZ. pilosa, (U. C. I. c.) Ieav<-s flattish, hairy, and ciliated. Ilcislcr's Muraltia. Fl. Jan. CIt. 1787. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 2 M. coni-k'uta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 335.) leaves oblong-lan- ceolate, in crowded bundles, rather spiny at tlve top, with sca- brous margins ; branchlets hairy ; (lowers axillary, sessile. I7 . G. Native of the Cape of Got)d llopi'. Perliaps Polygala thymifolia, Tliunb. prod. 121. Flowers purple. Horns longer tlian the capsule. (^)0H(/( ^/-leaved Muraltia. I'l. A])ril, Sept. Sh. 2 to 3 feet. 3 M. BREViioLiA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 335.) leaves elliptical- oblong, scattered, with a recurved spiny point at the apex, younger ones and branchlets pubescent ; flowers axillary, sessile. f; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Capsules pubes- cent. Flowers purple. Slwrt-lcaicd .Muraltia. Shrub 2 feet. 4 M. si:tu'vi.i.ii()lia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 335.) leaves ovate, spmy at the lop, with somewhat revolute marg ns ; nerve on the under surface hairy ; brandies hairy ; flowers axillary, sessile. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purple. Horns shorter than the capsule. II ild-T/ii/me-lfarid Muraltia. .'^hrub 2 feet. 5 M. ALorEciROiDEs (D. C. prod. 1. p. 335.) floral leaves ovate, with a spiny point at the apex, crowded, glabrous, ciliated, lower leaves almost linear ; branches rather hairy ; flowers axil- lary, .sessile. H. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hojio. Polygala alopecuroides, Lin. mant. 2(50. Sims, bot. mag. t. lOOC. Flowers purple. Horns length of capsule. Fox-tail-likc Muraltia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. 2 to 4 feet. () M. trine' RviA (D. C. ])rod. 1. p. 335.) leaves ovate, cor- date, 3-nerve(l, glabrous, with a pungent point ; branches an- gular, glabrous ; flowers axillary on pedicels. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purjile. Capsule 2- horned. Tlirec-ncrvcd-\ea\ci[ Muraltia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 7 M. sQVARRosA (I). C. prod. 1. p. 'iSo.) leaves lanceolate, spiny at the top, slifl", in bundles, upper ones spreading, lower ones reflexed ; branchlets villous ; flowers axillary, sessile. I7 . G. Native of the Ca])e of Good Hope. Polygala squarr6.lant. Flowers purplish. 6VyHrtr/()Ar Muraltia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 3 ft. 8 M. sTU'iiLACEA (Burch. trav. 1. p. 19 and 29.) leaves linear, convex on the under surface, mueronate, glabrous, in bundles, distant ; branchlets somewhat pubescent ; flowers axil- lary, sessile. I; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Polygala stipulacea, Lin. mant. 200. exclusive of the synonyme of Sieb. Andr. bot. rep. t. 2G3. Sims, bot. mag. 1715. Flowers red mixed with white. Stipular Muraltia. Fl. Ap..Sept. Clt. 1801. Shrub 2 to 3 ft. 9 M. jUNirERiioi-iA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 33(5.) leaves trique- trous, awl-shaped, mueronate, straight, and arc as well as branches glabrous ; flowers axillary, on very short pedicels ; capsules crowned by I tubercles. 1;. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Polygala jiuiipcrifolia, Poir. 5. p. 49G. F'lowcrs purplish. Juniper-leaved ^lm&\i\si. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1810. Sh. 2 ft. 10 RI. EiucEFOi.iA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 35C.) leaves trigonal, awl-shaped, mueronate, straight, in bundles, glabrous; branch- lets somewhat pubescent; flowers axillary, sessile; capsules crowned by 1- horns. I; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Ho])e. Perhaps Polygala mixta, Thunb. prod. 121 ? but not of Lin. Flowers red mixed with white. Heath-leaved Muraltia. Fl. May, Sept. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 11 M. si'RENOELioiDES (Burch. Cat. no. 4957.) leaves some- what trigonal, mueronate, ])ungent, scattered, at length spread- ing, and are a> well as branches glabrous ; flowers axillary, on very short pedicels. I; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purple. Sprengclia-tike Muraltia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 12 M. SATi'REioiDKS (Burch. cat. no. 5(il7.) leaves somewhat trigonal, mueronate, ])ungent, in buiulles, with someuhat puberu- lous margins; branches i)ubescint; flowers axillary, sessile. Ij . G. Native oi the Ca])e of Good Hope. Leaves hardly 2 lines in length. Flowers purple. Ca])sules 4, rarely 3-liorned. Savorij-lihc Muraltia. Shrub \\ foot. 13 M. TENUiioEiA (D. C. ])rod. I. p. S.'iiG.) leaves awl- shaped, recurved at the apex, mueronate, spreading, in bundles, very fine ; branches pubescent ; flowers axillary, almost sessile. 1; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Polygala tenui- folia, Poir. diet. 5. p. 4!>7. but not of Willd. Flowers purple. Ca])sules crowned by 4 diverging horns. Finc-leaied Muraltia. ."^hrub 2 feet. 14 M. Aii'ALATiiA (1). C. prod. 1. p. 33(5.) iii>per leaves POLYGALE/E. VI. Muraltia. 365 linear, somewhat trigonal, acuminated, pungent, hairy ; lower leaves awl-sliaped, glabrous ; branches hairy ; flowers axillary, sessile ; caps\iles pubescent, •t-liorned. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers ])urple ? Aspalathus-Uhe Muraltia. Shrub 'Z feet. l.j iM. DiFiu'sA (Burch. cat. no. 916 and 354.) leaves linear, ncuniinated, pungent, scattered, distant ; branches very slender, diffuse ; flowers axillary, sessile. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Polygala niicrantha, Willd. spec. 2. p. 892. Andr. bot. rep. 324. Flowers purple. /)!/;?«ie-branched Muraltia. Fl. year. Clt. 1 800. Sh. 2 ft. 16 M. viRGATA (Burch. cat. no. 7071'. and 7101.) leaves linear-awl-shaped, pungent, scattered, straight, and are as well as very slender branches glabrous ; flowers axillary, sessile ; sepals oblong, very much pointed. ^i . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Polygala micrantha, Tliunb. prod. cap. 121. ? Flowers small, purple. Stems many, rising from the root. Titiggif-hranched Mmahia. Fl. year. Clt. 1812. Sh. 2 ft. 1 7 M. linophy'lla (Burch. cat. no. 510.) leaves linear, almost awl-shaped, somewhat pungent, scattered, and are as well as branches finely puberulous or smooth ; flowers axillary, sessile ; sepals ovate-oblong, mucronate. ^ . G. Flowers purple. Very like the preceding plant, but differing in the shape of the sepals. Perhaps Polygala filiformis, Thunb. prod. 121. Flax-leined Mmahia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1819. Shrub 2 ft. 18 M. MACRo'cERAS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 336.) leaves linear, awl-shaped, mucronate, straight, in crowded bundles, and are as well as the very slender branches glabrous ; flowers axillary, sessile ; horns longer than the capsule. 1; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burch. cat. no. 3984. Flowers purple. io»^-/iorHe(Z-capsuled Muraltia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1812. Shrul) 2 feet. 19 M. MIXTA (Lin. fil. suppl. 316.) leaves linear-awl-shaped, mucronulate, straight, in crowded bundles, and are as well as very slender branches glabrous ; flowers axillary, sessile ; horns shorter than the capsule. 1; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Polvgala mixta, Andr. bot. rep. t. 455. Sims, bot. mag. 1714. Flowers purple, mixed with white. jl/zjerf-flowered xMuraltia. Fl. year. Clt. 1 791. Shrub 2 ft. 20 M. ciLi.\~Ris (D. C. prod. 1. p. 336.) leaves linear, awl- shaped, mucronate, spreading, in bundles, and are as well as branches hispidly-ciliated ; flowers axillary, sessile ; capsules almost unarmed, h . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hojje. Burch. cat. no. 5566. Flowers purplish ? far. ft, laxiuscula (D. C. 1. c.) leaves shorter and more dis- tant, h . G. Perhaps a proper species. CiUftted-leaved'Shirahia. Fl. May, Jidy. Clt. 1824. Shrub 3 feet. § 2. Leases hlimtish at tlic apex. 21 M. pube'scens (D. C. prod. 1. p. 336.) leaves linear, spreading, in bundles, and are as well as branchlets velvety- jjubescent ; flowers axillary, solitary. Ij . G. Native of the Cajjc of Good Hope. A very distinct species. Flowers purple. Pubescent Muraltia. Shrub 2 feet. 22 M. Hu'jiiLis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 337.) leaves lanceolate- linear, erect, scattered ; stem dwarf, much branched ; flowers axillary, sessile, solitary. T; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Polygala hiimilis, Lodd. bot. cab. 420. Flowers purple. Z)H'ar/ Muraltia. Fl. May, July. Clt. J 81 8. Shrub 1 foot. 23 M. depre'ssa (Burch. cat. no. 6264.) leaves somewhat trigonal, callous, glabrous, in rosulate-bundles ; younger branches pubescent ; flowers axillary, sessile. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Perhaps the same as the preceding. A low, much branched shrub. Flowers purple. Depressed Muraltia. Shrub | foot. 24 M. brevico'rnu (D.-C. prod. 1. p. 337.) leaves linear, obtuse, glabrous, tuberculated on the outside at the ba.se, scat- tered ; branches twiggy, glabrous , flowers axillary, sessile ; capsules crowned witli very short horns. I; . G. A very dis- tinct species. Flowers purple. )S7(or/-/(orHerf- capsuled Muraltia. Shrub 1 foot. 25 M. obova'ta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 337.) leaves obovate, ob- tuse, somewhat fascicled, and are as well as branches glabrous ; flowers axillary, sessile. V^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purple. Habit of Miaidia, but without prickles. Obovale-\le, terminal or lateral racemes ; pedicels guarded by 3 bractcas. The greater part of the species are not well known. .Sect. I. Hebea'ndka (f/3f, licbe, hairy, and atip aitfior, a man; in allusion to the stamens being hairy). D. C. prod. 1. p. 338. Drupes without a winged margin. • Racemes compound. 1 M. POLYSTAciivA (Huiz ct Pav. 1. c.) shrubby; leaves ovate, acutish ; panicles and branchlets villous. I7 . G. Na- tive of the Andes of Peru in thickets, especially at Pillao, where it is called Yalhoi. Flowers yellowish. The whole plant, more especially the root, is very bitter and saponaceous, lience very useful in medicine. It is said to have the same pro])erties as Poll/gala Senci;a, and is particularly used in dysentery. Ruiz, diss. madr. 1805. icon. IMauij-spihed Monnina. Fl. May. Shrub 3 or 5 feet. 2 M. LiuL'STRiFOLiA (Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 417.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, tapering to the base, reticulately veined, membranous ; branchlets and panicles pubescent ; racemes in threes. (j . S. Native of Quito in warm places near Ayavaca. Flowers yellowish but with blue wings. Prircl-lcaied Monnina. Fl. May. Shrub 2 to (> feet. 3 M. LATiioi.iA (Bonpl. ges. berl. 1808. p. 40. under the name of Ileheandra) herbaceous; leaves obovate-oblong, acu- minated, under surface pubescent ; branches furrowed ; racemes panicled. %. S. Native of New Granada on Mount Qm'ndiu. Broad-leaved Monnina. PI. 1 foot. 4 M. PARVIFLORA (H. B. Ct Kuiiili, uov. gcn. amer. 5. p. 41 9.) leaves ovate-oblong, tajjcring to the base, lessened toward the apex, under surface pubescent, reticulately veined, membrana- ceous ; branches terete, soft, hairy ; racemes panicled, some- what corymbose. I^ . G. Native of New Granada on Mount Quindiu. Hebeandra parviflora, Bonpl. ges. berl. 1808. p. 40. Flowers white, but with blue wings. Small-Jloivercd Monnina. Fl. Sept. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 5 M. iastigia'ta (Bonpl. ges. berl. 1808. p. 40. under He- beandra) leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends, under surface soft, pubescent ; racemes compound. ^ . G. Native of New Granada on Mount Quindiu. Perhaps sufKciently distinct from M. panijldra. l'asligiate-hxa.nc\\eA Monnina. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 6 M. pube'scens (H. B.et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. G. p. 418. t. 505.)leaves oblong, acute, somewhat mucronate, tapering towards the base, reticulately-veined, membranaceous, ujiper surface pu- berulous, under surface as well as branchlets hairy-pubescent ; racemes solitary and in threes. W . S. Native of Caraccas. Hebeandra pubescens, Bunpl. ges. berl. 1808. p. 40. Flowers with blue wings. Puhisecnl Monnina. Fl. Feb. Shrub 3 feet. 7 M. pii.osa (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 419.) leaves oblong, acuminated, reticidately veined, membranous, upper surface puberulous, under surface hairy, but especially the nerves and veins ; racemes many, disposed in a corymb-like bundle, f; . S. Native of Quito near Ayavaca. F'lowers blue. 7/o»-(/-veined Monnina. Fl. Aug. Shrub G feet. 8 M. .EsTUANs (1). C. prod. 1. p. 338.) shrubby; leaves lanceolate, stalked, and are as well as branches somewhat pu- bescent ; racemes branched, puberulous. Ij . S. Nati\e of New Granada. Poly'gala ie'stuans, Lin. suppL 315. Flowers blue.- POLYGALE.E. VIII. Monmna. .367 Scorching Monnina. Shrub G feet. 9 M. CESTRIFOLIA (H. B. et Kuiitli, iiov. gen. anier. 5. p. 41 3. t. 502.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, veiny, leathery, tapering to the base, with revolute margins, .and are as well as branchlets glabrous ; racemes many, disposed in crowded corymbs, fj . S. Native of South America near the city of Quito. Ilebeandra cestrifoiia, Bonpl. 1. c. ? Flowers with blue wings. Cestnim-lcaved Monnina. Shrub 3 feet. 10 M. PHYTOLAccEFOLiA (H. B. et Kuuth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 413. t. 503.) leaves elliptical-oblong, acute at both ends, reticulately-veined, thickish, glabrous ; branchlets rather hairy ; racemes generally in threes. T; . S. Hebeeindra padifolia, Bonpl. 1. c. Flowers with blue wings and yellow petals. Jar. a ; branchlets rather hairy ; leaves elliptical-oblong, acute at both ends. Native of New Granada near Mariquita. I'ar. p ; branchlets villous ; leaves oblong, narrowed and acute at both ends. Native of Caraccas on Mount Avila. He- beandra padifolia, Bonpl. 1. c. Phylolacca-leaved Monnina. Fl. Ju. Dec. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 11 M. OBScu RA ; leaves leprous, oblong-lanceolate, with re- volute margins, tapering to both ends ; racemes simple or rather compound, lateral and terminal, loose ; stem much branched. y^ . S. Native of Mexico. Like M. salitifulia. Obscure Monnina. Shrub 2 feet. 12 M. De'ppei; pubescent; leaves ovate or roundish, blunt- ish ; racemes corymbose, lateral and terminal, forming a panicle. fj . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers blue. Depjie's Monnina. Shrub 14 foot. * * Racemes simple and solitary. 13 M. Xalape'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. p. 414.) leaves oblong, acuminated, tapering to the base, reti- culately-veined, membranous, smootliish ; racemes solitary or in pairs. Tj . Q. Native of Mexico near Xalapa. Hebeandra euonymoides, Bonpl. 1. c. Flowers with blue wings. Xalapa Monnina. Fl. March. Shrub 2 to 6 feet. 14 M. NEMORosA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. p. 410. t. 504.) leaves elliptical-oblong, acute, mucronate, tapering, and revolute at the base, obsoletely denticulated, rather veiny, thickish, glabrous, younger ones as well as branchlets pubescent ; racemes bifid or simple. Tj . S. Native of the province of Quito in thickets. Hebeandra mucronata, Bonpl. 1. c. Flowers with a yellow corolla and blue wings. Grove Monnina. Shrub 2 to G feet. 15 M. MYRTiLLofDES (Bonpl. ges. bcrl. 1808. p. 40. under the name of Ilehedndra) leaves elliptical, acute at both ends, rather coriaceous, racemes simple. h . S. Native of Peru in groves. Wings of flowers blue. Myrtle-like Monnina. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 16 M. oBTUsiFonA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 411.) leaves oblong, obtuse, wedge-shaped at the base, obso- letely veined, rather leathery, and are as well as branchlets glabrous ; racemes solitary. I^ . S. Native of New Granada near Almaguer. Hebeandra Phylliraeoides, Bonpl. 1. c. Flowers violet and white. Obtuse-leaved Monnina. Fl. Dec. Shrub 12 feet. 17 M. cRASsiroLiA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 411.) leaves linear-oblong, rounded at the apex, obtuse at the base, veinless, fleshy, leathery, glabrous ; branchlets pubescent, leafy ; racemes solitary. Ij . S. Native on mountains about Quito. Flowers with blue wings. Thick-leaved Monnina. Shrub G feet. 18 M. revolu'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 412. t. 501.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, at base bluntish, with revolute margins, veinless, leathery, hairy ; branchlets pubescent ; racemes solitary, t; . S. Native on the Andes in the province of Pasto. Hebeandra pjQ ■j-q revolut.i, Bonjd. 1. c. Flowers white, with blue wings (f. 7Q.). Revohdc-\ea\ii({ Monnina. Fl. Dec. Shrub 2 feet. 19 M. uupe'stris (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 415.) leaves oblong,some what acuminated, inucronate, narrowed at the base, irregularly and undulatedly den- ticulated, reticulately veined, mem- branaceous, smoothish ; branchlets hairy; racemes solitary. Ij . S. Na- tive of New Granada on Mount Sa- raguru. Perhaps Hebedndra celas- troides and ligustrina of Bonpl. 1. c. ? Flowers with blue wings. Rock Monnina. Shrub 2 feet. 20 M. confe'rta (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. syst. 1. p. 173.) shrubby ; leaves crowded, oblong, with a very small point ; racemes short, corymbose, terminal, fj . S. Native in thickets on the Andes. Flowers bluish. Drupe ovate, glabrous. Cronded-\ea.\e(\. Monnina. Shrub li foot. 21 M. cardioca'rpa (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 60. t. Q3.) stem suftruticose, hairy ; leaves broad-linear, tapering to the base, very obtuse, and as if they were emarginate, denticulated, full of glandular dots ; racemes spike-formed, loose, solitary ; wings obovate-orbicular, very obtuse ; capsule 2-celled, heart-shaped, smooth, wingless. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers pale blue. Heart-fruited Monnina. Fl. Feb. Shrub 1 foot. 22 M. Selloi (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 175.) erect; stem beset with branched pili ; leaves oblong or obovate-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, but much more so at the base, with ciliated re- volute margins ; young leaves pilose on the nerves beneath ; racemes terminal, solitary, elongated; flowers large. 1/. S. Native of Brazil. Perhaps M. tristaniafolia, St. Hil. Sello's Monnina. Shrub 2 to 6 feet. 23 M. LANciFOLiA ; erect ; leaves lanceolate, finely reticu- lated, with a strong middle nerve ; racemes lateral and terminal, crowded near the tops of the branches. I^ . S. Native of Brazil. Plant smooth. Flowers rather large. Lance-leaved Monnina. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 24 M. tuberosa; racemes loose, simple, terminal, or lateral ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, membranous, smooth ; stem suflfruticose, climbing; branchlets pubescent. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Roots tuberous. Flowers blue. 2'M6ero«.s-rooted Monnina. PI. 1 foot. 25 M. CROTALARioiDES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 339.) shrubby; leaves elliptical, acuminated at both ends, lower ones ovate ; branchlets covered with pressed pubescence ; racemes elon- gated. Tj . S. Native of South America. Berry ovate, black. Crotalaria-like Monnina. Shrub 2 feet. 26 M. Mexica'na; pubescent, suftruticose; leaves oblong- lanceolate, acute ; racemes terminal, solitary ; stem branched ; root hard, woody. h . S. Native of Mexico. Mexican Monnina. Shrub 1 foot. 27 M. cteru lea ; stem suflSi-uticose, erect, pilose; leaves smooth, but rather hairy on the nerves beneath, oblong, acumi- nated, acute ; racemes solitary, slender, elongated. Tq . S. Na- tive of Mexico. Flowers blue. £/Me-flowcred Monnina. Shrub \\ foot. 28 M. lanceola'ta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 339.) suffruticose ? leaves lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous ; branches divaricating ; racemes elongated, pedunculated. fj . ? S. Native of Peru. Polygala lanceolata, Poir. diet. 5. p. 498. Z,a)icco/a/c-leaved Monnina. Shrub li foot. .•J68 POLYGALE.i;. VIII. Monmka. IX. .Iackm. 29 .M. sAiiciFOLiA (Ruiz ct Pav. fl. per. syst. 1. p. 172.) shrubby ; leaves lanceolate, smooth on the u|>per surface, with a small point ; branches hairy ; racemes short, almost pyramidal. >7 . .S. Native of Peru amon^ decayed rocks. Flowers pur])le. ft'illoii'-lcarcd Monnina. Shrub 2 feet. ;J0 M. pa'llid.\ (Spren^. syst. 3. p. 175.) leaves oblong, tapering to both ends, and are as well as the branches smootli ; racemes axill;iry, simple ; fruit smooth, h . S. Native of Brazil. /'ale -Monnina. Shrub. 31 M. LONGiKOLiA (I). C. prod. 1. p. 330.) suflruticose ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, very long ; branches rather vclvctv ; racemes short, rather lax, pyramidal. «j . S. Native of Brazil. Polygala salicifolia, Poir. diet. li. p. VJS. Loni;; -leaved Monnina. .Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 32 M. bifurca'ta (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mcx. icon. ined. and I). C. prod. 1 . p. 339.) stem herbaceous, forked at the apex ; leaves lanceolate on short footstalks, upper ones somewhat opposite, glabrous; racemes terminal, in pairs. l^-.S. Native of Jlexico. ^i/i/rcfl/c-stemmed Monnina. PI. 2 feet. 33 M. ciLiOLosA (Moc. ct Sesse, fl. niex. icon. ined. and D. C. prod. l.p. 340.) suflruticose, dichotomous; leaves oblong, acute, lessened at the base ; leaf-stalks short, ciliated ; racemes short. h . S. Native in .Mexico. C'i/(n)-(/-l'ootstalked .Monnina. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 3-t M. LiNEARiioLiA (Ruiz Ct Pav. fl. pcr. syst. 1. p. 173. p. C. prod. 1. p. 340.) suffVulicose ; leaves linear, almost ses- sile, glabrous ; racemes long, naked at the base, "it . G. Na- tive of Chili in subali)ine places. Linear-leaved Monnina. .Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 35 M. hkrba'cea (1). C. prod. 1. p. 340.) herbaceous ; at top a little branched, glabrous ; leaves rhomb-lanceolate ; ra- cemes rather elongated ; drupe pubescent, wingless. Q. S. Native of Peru near Lima. Herbaceous Monnina. PI. 1 foot. Sect. II. Pterocarya (from arepoi', pleron, a wing, and napvof, karijon, a nut ; fruit girded by a wing). D. C. prod. 1. ]>. 340. Fruit expanded at the margin into a membranous wing. 3() M. macrosta'c IIYA (Kuiz et Pav. fl. per. syst. 1. p. 173.) herbaceous ; leaves lanceolate-rhomboid ; racemes very long, lateral, and terminal ; drupes glabrous, girded by a narrow, nervous, toothed membrane. Native on the hills of Peru. Flowers with pnrple wings ? Lonrr-racemcd Monnina. Fl. Aug. Sep. PI. 2 feet. 37 -M. I'Tekoca'rpa (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. syst. 1. p. 174.) herbaceous, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, lower ones somewhat ovate ; racemes very long ; drupes girded by a membrane, which is emarginatc at both ends. 11 . S. Native of Peru. Flowers purple. Plant bitter. fVins-Jru'ted Monnina. Fl. Aug. .Sep. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 38 M. ANcvsTiFOLiA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 310.) herbaceous, glabrous ; leaves linear, lower ones somewhat lanceolate ; ra- cemes very lon<;; drupes girded by a membrane. 7/ . S. Na- tive of Peru about Lima. Narron'-li aved Monnina. PI. 1 foot. 39 M. RESEDoiDEs (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. CI. t. 94.) stem subherbaceous, sparingly branched, somewhat dichotomous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, \mdulately-denticidated, sniooth- ish ; racemes spike-formed, loose ; wings obovate ; capsule 2- cclled, lieart-sha])ed, with a narrow wing. "H.. S. Native of Brazil on the banks of the river Uruguay. Flowers violet. Reseda-like .Monnina. Fl. Jan. PI. li foot. 40 M. cinea'ta (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p* C2. t. 95.) stem her- baceous, almost simple, puberulous ; leaves wedge-shaped, linear, obtuse or truncately emarginatc, mucronulate, (piite entire ; racemes spike-formed, very narrow, lax ; wings obovate, very obtuse; capsule 1 -celled, elliptic, smooth, broadly winged. "if.. S. Native of Brazil in the eastern part of the province of Cis Platine. Flowers purple, nodding. //Vi/^rc-leaved .Momiina. Fl. Oct. PI. 2 feet. 41 M. EMAROiSATA (St. Ilil. fl. bras. 2. p. 63.) stem woody at the base, puberulous ; leaves wedge-shaped, cordate at the apex, with a recurved mucrone in the recess, <|uite entire, smoothish ; racemes sj)ike-formed, loose ; wings somewhat or- bicular ; capsule l-celled, elliptic, pubescent, winged. l^ . S. Native of Brazil in the northern part of the province of Rio Grande do .Sul. F'lowers purple. /^«inr^r;n(j/(.'-lcaved Monnina. Fl. June. PI. 1| foot. 42 M. sTENoriiv'tLA (St. Mil. fl. bras. 2. p. ()4.) stem woody ; a little striated, sparingly-branched ; leaves linear, bluntish, nuicronulate, quite entire, smooth; racemes spike-formed; wings orbicular; capsule l-celled, orbicular, pubescent, winged. fj.S. Native of Brazil on Mount Serra da Caraca in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers purple. Narroiv-leaved .Moimina. l'"l. .May. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 43 M. TRisiANiANA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 65.) stein rather woody at the base, rather angular, jmberulous, sparingly branched ; leaves linear, tapering to the base, obtuse, mucronul.ate, quite entire ; racemes spike-formed, very loose ; wings ovate, verv blunt; capsule l-celled, elliptical, winged. 1/ . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers purplish. Tristan's Monnina. Fl. Aug. Oct. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 44 M. Richardia'na (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 66.) stemsuflTru- ticose, simple, angular at the apex, jnibescent ; leaves elliptical, very blunt, nuicronulate, (|uite entire, smoothish, upper ones oblong-linear or linear, pubescent; racemes siiike-formed, loose; wings orbicular ; capsule l-celled, elliptically-orbicular, pubes- cent, winged. Ij . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers purple. /licAorr/'i .Monnina. Fl. May, .Sept. PI. 1 to 1^ foot. Cult. None of the species of this genus are worth cidtivating for ornament. They will all thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and yomig cuttings will root readily if planted in a pot of sand with a bell-glass placed over them, in heat. IX. JA'CKL\ (to the memory of Dr. Jack, a meritorious botanist who travelled in Sumatra). Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1 . p. 646. LiK. sysT. Diadelpliia, Octdndria. Cal\x of 5 equal, de- ciduous sepals, which are imbricate in the bud. Petals 5, middle one keel-formed. Stanuns 8 ; filaments (liadel|)hous, tumid at the base. Ovary on a very short pedicel, semi-or- bicular ; cells 2-4-seeded. Drupe globose, containing a 1-seeded nucleus. Seeds without albumen, but the endopleura is never- theless tumid. Cotyledons large, thick. R.idicle short, supe- rior. .Shrubs or trees with stipidas in the axilla* of the leaves, these are spincscent. Leaves coriaceous, entire. Flowers in axillary and terminal racemes. 1 J. vitei.i.i'na (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Limi.-va. 1. p. 647.) leaves elliptical-oblong, obtusely aeuuiin;ited, flat ; racemes compound, twin, terminal, longer than the leaves or .axillary, solitary. ^ . S. Native of Java. Monnina vitellina, Spreng. l'e//oH'-barked Jackia. Tree 30 feet. 2 J. EXCELSA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves elliptical-oblong, waved; racemes compound, axillary, and terminal, crowded, shorter than the leaves. t^.S. Native of Java. A large tree. Mon- nina excelsa, Spreng. syst. app. p. 265. Tn// Jackia. Tree 60 feet. 3 J. i,oNGii-6i.iA (Blum. I. c.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, flat ; racemes compound, axillary, and terminal, much shorter than the leaves. Ij . S. Native of Java. Monnina longifolia, Spreng. syst. app. p. 265. POLYGALEiE. X. Bkedemeyera. XI. Secukidaca. 3G9 Lvng-leaved .Tackia. Tree. Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will .suit tliis genus well, and young cuttings will root if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass plaeed over them, in heat.f X. BREDEME' VERA (in honour of Bredemeyer, a German botanist). Willd. nov. act. nat. scrut. berl. 3. p. 411. t. C. D. C. prod. 1. p. 340. Lin. syst. Monodelphia, Oct/mdria. Calyx of 5 sepals, two inner sepals petal-formed. Petals 3, with the middle one keel-formed. Stamens 8, monadelphous at the base. Drupe ovate, with a 2-celled nut. A doubtful genus. 1 B. floribu'nda (Willd. 1. c.). 1^ . S. Native of Caraccas by the margins of woods. Leaves alternate, oblong-lanceolate, very entire, glabrous, on short footstalks. Bracteas awl-shaped, situated at the base of the pedicels. Flowers small, yellow, disposed in terminal panicles. Bundle-Jlun'crcd Bredemeyera. Shrub 5 to 8 feet. Cult. This shrub will thrive well in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat. Cuttings taken from young branches and planted in the same kind of soil will root freely under a hand-glass, in heat. XL SECURIDA^CA (from iec«r?s, a hatchet ; in allusion to the form of the wing at the end of the pod). Lin. gen. no. 852. Lam. ill. t. 599. D. C. prod. 1. p. 340. but not of Tourn. Lin. syst. ]\fonadelphia, Ocldiidria. Calyx 5-sepalled, 2 inner sepals petal-formed, 3 outer ones small. Petals 5, almost joined together and united to tiie tube of the stamens at their base; the middle one forming a keel which is 3-lobed at the top, the 2 lateral ones are scale-formed, the superior 2 conniving. Stamens 8, united into a tube at the base, which is cleft in front but free at the apex ; anthers bursting by a pore at the apex. Capsules ovate, indehiscent, 1 -celled, I -seeded, ending in a hatchet-formed, leafy wing at the apex, and often niarginated. Seed naked, hanging from the top of the cell. Albumen sparing. Climbing shrubs. Leaves alternate, ovate, or oblong, entire. Flowers in lateral or terminal racemes. Pedicels furnished with 3 bracteas at the base. * Stems twining and climbing. 1 S. virga'ta (Swartz, fl. ind. occid. 3. p. 1231.) glabrous; stem climbing ; branches twiggy ; leaves roundish, very blunt ; racemes terminal ; wing of capsule rounded. h . ^. S. Na- tive of Jamaica, Hispaniola, Porto-Rico, Trinidad, &c. in bushy places. — Plum, ed i3urm. t. 248. f. 1. Leaves deciduous, hardly half an inch long. Flowers fragrant, variegated. yn/gg^fZ-branched Securidaca. Clt. 1739. Shrub climbing. 2 S. voLUBiLis (Lin. spec. 992.) stem twining; branchlets somewhat pubescent ; leaves oval-oblong, acute ; racemes la- teral ; wing of capsule obovate, appendiculated on the back from the base. h , '^, S. Native of South America near Santa Martha and Carthagena as well as in Trinidad. S. scandens, Kunth. Flowers red or purple, fragrant. r?iining Securidaca. Clt. 1739. Fl. March. Shrub twining. 3 S. ovALiFoYiA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 68.) stem suffruti- cose, climbing, branched; leaves thin, ovate, or orbicularly- ovate, very blunt and finely nerved, smooth above and pilose beneath ; wings of flower obovate, scarcely ciliated at the base ; \ving of capsule finely ciliated and deiiticulated. f; . ^. S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Flowers yellowish-white. Oial-leaicd Securidaca. Fl. Dec. Shrub climbing. 4 S. RIVIN.E1 OLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 69.) stenf shrubby, climbing ; branches tomentose ; leaves elliptical, sometimes rather orbicular, with a very short acumen, smoothish above and to- mentose beneath ; wings of flowers obovately-orbicular, very blunt, hardly ciliated ; wing of fruit ? tj . ^. S. Native of VOL. I. PART. IV. Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes near a village called Cunnnatahy. Flowers purple. Rivina-lcaccd .Securidaca. Fl. Sept. Shrub climbing. 5 S. lanceola'ta (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 69.) stem shrubby, climbing ; branches spotted, puberuloiis at the apex ; leaves lanceolate, lower ones obovate or somewhat orbicular, finely nerved, all smooth above and puberulous beneath ; racemes rather loose ; wings of flower somewhat elliptically orbicular, fmely ciliated ; wing of fruit crested. Jj . ^. S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Flowers purple. Lanceolate-\ea\eA Securidaca. Shrub climbing. 6 S. mo'llis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 421.) stem climbing ; branchlets pubescent ; leaves roundish-ovate, obtuse at both ends, upper surface puberulous, under surface soft, pubescent ; racemes terminal, tj . ,_^. S. Native on the banks of the river Amazon. P. coriicea, Bonpl. Lower petal spatidate. Flowers violaceous. (S'o/i-leaved Securidaca. Fl. Aug. Shrub twining. 7 S. pube'scens (D. C. prod. 1. p. 341.) stem climbing; leaves oval, ovate, or obovate, under surface as well as branch- lets somewhat pubescent ; racemes terminal. Tj . ^. S. Native of Cayenne and Guiana. Perhaps two species are here con- fused. Flowers purplish. Far. a, ohovata (D. C. 1. c.) leaves obovate, obtuse. I'ar. j3, ocata (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate, acutish. Pubescent Securidaca. Shrub climbing. 8 S. hebe'clada (D. C. prod. 1. p. 341.) stem rather climb- ing ; branches and nerves of leaves on the under surface as well as pedicels clothed with velvety hairs ; leaves oval, mu- cronate, shining on the upper surface ; racemes terminal, rather leafy. Tj . ,^. S. Native in Brazil. Flowers the size of those of r- flowered Carpolobia. .Shrub 4 feet. t C. a'lba ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acimiinatcd, on short footstalks ; peduncles usually 2-flowered. I; . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Flowers white, streaked witli red. /('AiVe-flowered Carpolobia. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. These shrubs will grow freely in a mixture of loatn and s.md, and young cuttings will strike root in sand under a liand-glass, in heat. XIII. KRAME'RIA (in honour of John George Henry and William Henry Kramer, M.D., father and son, German bota- nists ; the former published Tentamen Botanicum in 1728 :nul 17 tt, the latter Flora .\ustri;o in]17oC; it must also dis- tinguish John Rudolf Kramer, who wrote a dissertation on Mi/rtus in 1731). Ltrfl. itin. 195. Ruiz et Pav. prod. fl. per. t. 3. Juss. mem. mus. 1. p. 390. D. C. prod. 1. p. 3tl. Lin. syst. Monadilpliia, Tvlra-Heiandria. Sepals 4 (f. 71. «.), rarely 5, irregular, spreading, silky on the outside and coloured on the inside. Petals 1-5, in 2 series, 3 inner ones unguiculate, with the claws united at the base. Stamens 3 or 1, somewhat monadeljihous at their b.ise or free ; anthers open- ing by 2 pores at the apex (f. 71. j . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers red. DenticulaledAca\cd Tetratheca. Shrub 1 foot. 5 T. eric;Ef6lia (Smith, cxot. bot. p. 87. t. 20.) leaves linear, 5-G in a whorl, with revolute scabrous margins; branches sca- brous; sepals ovate, acutish. Ij . G. Native of New Holland. Rudge, in Lin. trans. 8. t. 11. Peduncles and calyxes smooth. Flowers somewhat nodding. Petals obovate, rose-coloured, but sometimes white (f. 72.). llenth-lcavcd Tetratheca. Fl. July, \\\'^ J to 1 foot. () T. TiiYMiFOLiA (Smith, exot. bot. t. 22.) leaves 4 in a whorl, lan- ceolate, acute, ciliated ; branches rather hairy ; sepals lanceolate, acute, ciliated. h . G. Native of New Holland. Peduncles and calyxes scabrous. Sepals more acute than in T. cricccfil'm, to which it is nearly allied. Petals ])iirple. TInjmc-lcincd Tetratheca. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub ^ to 1 foot. 7 T. RUBioiDEs(Cuning. in Fields, geogr. new south wales, p. S'JC.) leaves 5 or 6 in a whorl, linear, falcate, tipper surface scabrous ; branches hoary ; peduncles soli- tary, axillary, drooping. I7 . G. Native of New Holland on rocky declivities of the Blue Moim- tains. Flowers purple. Allied to T. erica-fulia. A/addcr-like Tetratheca. Fl.Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1825. .Shrub 1 foot. Cult. The species of this beautiful genus of little shrubs deserve to be cultivated in every green-house, but they are very difficult to preserve, as well as extremely difficult to procure, as seeds seldom vegetate after a voyage from their places of natural growth. They thrive best in a mixture of very sandy loam and peat. Young cuttings will root freely if planted in a pot of sand, with a bell-glass placed over them. II. 'J"REM,\'NDRA (from rpe/jio, trcmo, to tremble, to shake, and aifp aiqjor, ancr andros, a male ; the anthers being slightly fixed l)y their base to the points of the filaments, shake from the least motion or breath of air.) R. Brown, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 344. Lin. SYST. Dcc/indria, I\Ioniigijnia. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals .'). Stamens 10; anthers 2-celled. Shrubs, with the habit of Hctidnlhcmun, beset with starry hairs. 1 T. stelli'gera (R. Br. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 344.) erect ; leaves ovate, entire, uniler surface hoary, upper surface beset with rough stellate hairs. I^ . G. Native on the eastern coast of New Holland. Habit of plant like Ucrminnia or //<■- liantlicmum ali/s.soldes. Flowers purple ? Star-bcarin" Trcmandra. Shrub I to 1 ,,t foot. 2 T. DiFFU SA (R. Br. ined. and D. C. p"rod. 1. p. 344.) dif- fuse, much branched ; leaves ovate, with a few deep teeth, upper surface glabrous, under surface scabrous from a (c\\ scattered stellate hairs. Ij . G. Native of New Holland. F'lowers purple ? y>;//"ow-branclied Tremandra. Shrub 1 foot. Cult. The species of this genus require the same treatment as Tetratheca. Order XXV. PITTOSPO"REyE (shrubs agreeing with Pittosporum in many important characters.) R. Br. gen. rem. ter. austr. p. 10. D. C. prod. 1. p. 345. Calyx of 5 deciduous sepals, which are sometimes free, and sometimes united together to the middle (f. 73. a.) they are im- bricate in the bud. Petals 5, hypogynous, with the claws con- niving, sometimes united, with spreading lamina (f. 73. d. c.) which are imbricate in the bud. Stamens 5 (f. 73. d.) hypogy- nous, distinct, alternating with the petals. Ovary 1, free (f. 73. c.) with the cells or placentas 2-5 or many-seeded. Style 1 (f. 73. y.), crowned by numerous stigmas (f. 73. g.) which are equal in nimiber to the placentas or cells of the ovary. Pericarp ca])su- lar or baccate ; cells tnany-seeded, sometimes incomplete. Seeds usually covered with glutinous pulp. Embryo minute, placed near the umbilicus in a fleshy albumen, with a longish radicle and short cotyledons. This order contains beautiful trees and shrubs, or clindiing shrubs as Billardiera, with alternate simple feather-nerved leaves, destitute of stipulas, usually entire. Flowers terminal or axillary, sometimes polygamous ; they are from white to yel- low, usually of a bell-slia]>ed form, with a spreading border. This order is distinguished from the neighbouring tribes in the seeds being enveloped in resinous pulp, and in the imbricate flRstivalion of the petals and sepals. Nothing is known of the properties of the plants contained in this order. Synopsis of the Genera, 1 Bili-ardie'ra. Sepals and petals 5, which last have the claws somewhat convolute at the edges, approximate. Berry ellipsoid, terminated by the style. Climbing or twining shrubs. 2 PiTTo'sroRUM. Sepals (f. 73. a.) and petals 5 (,f. 73. b.) which last have their claws conniving into a connate tube (f. 73. d.). Capsule 2-3-valved, 1 -celled, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds covered with resinous pulp. Erect trees or shrubs. 3 Bursa RiA. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, distinct. Cap- sule compressed, obcordate, 2-celled, 2-valve(l. .Seeds covered with resin. A spiny, branched shrub. 4 Sena'cia. Calyx 5-toothcd. Petals .'>, ilistinct. Capsule or berry 2-valved, half-2-celled. Seeds 4-8, arillate, adnate to the middle or base of the dissepiment. Shrubs with the habit of Celdstrus. I. BILLARDIF."R.\ (in honour of Jean Jacques Julien La- biUardic'ie, a ceU l>r;iti d French bolanist, wlu) visited ."^vria and afterwards New Holland in d'Fnirecasteux's expedition, author of Nova- Hollandia:* plantarum specimen, 2 vol. 4to. &c.) Smith, exot. bot. t. 1. D. C. prod. 1. p. 345. but not of Vahl. nor Ma^ich. LiN. svsT. Pcntandria, Monogi'/nla. Calyx of 5 acinninated sepals. Petals 5, with approximate claws, which are somewhat convolute at their edges, forming a bell-sha])ed flower. Berry elliptical, terminated by the style. Climbing shrubs, natives PITTOSPORE/E. I. BlLLAUDIERA. II. PiTTOSPORUM. 373 of New Holland and Van Diemen's Land, with I-3-flovver- od axiiluiy or terminal pedicels, and eatable fruit generally of bluish colour when ripe. * Leaves entire. 1 B. sca'ndens (Smith, nov. holl. t. 1.) branches climbing, younger ones villous ; leaves linear-oblong, entire ; pedicels 1- llowered, villous, shorter than the flower; berries velvety. Tj . ^. G. Native on the western coast of New Holland. Adult branches glabrous. Leaves 1^ inch long and 2 lines broad. Flowers cream-coloured. Sims, hot. mag. 801. B. Canarien- sis. Wend. hort. her. 3. t. 15. C/;?HW«n- Apple-berry. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1790. Shrub climbing. 2 B. jiuta'bims (Sal. par. lond. t. 48.) branches clinil»ing, younger ones rather villous ; leaves lanceolate-linear, entiie ; l)eduncles 1-flowered, glabrous, length of flower ; berries gla- brous. T^ . ^. G. Native of New Holland. Flowers cream- coloured, at length purplish. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1313. C7(rtHCTcai/c'-flowered Apple-berry. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1795. Shrub climbing. 3 B. fusifo'rjiis (Labill. nov. holl. t. 90.) branches hardly climbing, younger ones rather villous ; leaves lanceolate, en- tire ; panicles few-flowered ; berries spindle-shaped, villous. 'r • w Cr. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Flowers cream- coloiued, changing to bluish. Petals spreading. ,S)j;Hf//t'-47(«;)(rf Apple-berry. Fl. May, A^ug. Clt. 1823. Shrub climbing. 4 B. LONGiFLORA (Labill. nov. holl. t. 89.) branches climb- ing, younger ones scarcely pubescent; leaves lanceolate, en- tire ; pedicels 1 -flowered, glabrous, one-half shorter than the flower ; berries almost globose, torose, glabrous. Tj . ^. G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1507. Flowers pale-yellow. This is a free growing species and abun- dant flowerer. It has a very fine appearance when covered with its bluish fruit. Long-foivcred Apple-berry. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1810. Shrub climbing. 5 B. ANGUSTiFOLiA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 345.) branches climb- ing, younger ones pubescent ; leaves linear, entire, flat, glabrous ; pedicels 1-flowered, and are as well as oblong berries glabrous. ^> . ,^. G. Native of New Holland. Leaves acute. Pedicels glabrous. Flowers cream-coloured. Petals acute. A ar)-o»i'-/e«(t'(/ Apple-berry. Fl. May, Sep. Clt. 1830. Shrub climbing. 6 B. ROSMARiNiFoLiA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 345.) branches climbing, glabrous ; leaves linear, somewhat reticulately-nerved, glabrous, with revolute margins. Ij . ^. G. Native of New Holland on the eastern coast. Flowers cream-coloured ? Rosemary-leuved Apple-berry. Fl. May, Sep. Sh. climbing. * * Leaves variable, some entire, others toothed or cut. 7 B. PARViFLORA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 346.) branches climbing, younger ones rather villous ; leaves oblong, glabrous, entire, or with a few teeth at the apex ; pedicels 1 or 3-Howered, bracteate, rather hispid. Tj . ^. G. Native on the eastern coast of New Holland. Sepals villous, hispid. Flowers 4 or 5 lines long, bluish when dry. Petals acute, Small-Jloirered Apple-berry. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1825. Shrub climbing. 8 B. VARiiFOLlA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 346.) branches filiform, villous ; leaves oblong, rather villous, entire, and somewhat pin- natifidly-toothed ; pedicels villous, hardly longer than the calyx. [j . ^. G. Native of New Holland at King George's Sound. Sepals villous. Flowers cream-coloured, 4 lines long, disposed in a kind of corymb on the tops of the branches. J'arions-leavvd Apple-berry. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub climbing. Cult. The species of Billardiera are desirable shrubs for the conservatory. They thrive well in an equal portion of loam and peat. Cuttings planted in a pot of sand, with a bell-glass placed over them will root readily. They may also be raised from seed, which several of the species produce in abundance. II. PITTO'SPORUM (from ■nnri), pitte, resin, and atropoc, spores, a seed ; in allusion to the seeds being covered with resin- ous pulp.) Banks in Goert. fr. 1. p. 286. t. 59. D. C. prod. 1. p. 346. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals (f. 73. a.). Petals 5 (f. 73. b.) with the claws conniving into a connate tube (f. 73. d.). Capsules smooth or hairy (f. 73. c.) 2- 5-valved, 1 -celled, bearing a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds covered with a resinous pulp. Shrubs, with en- tire permanent leaves, with the habit of Laurel. Flowers tu- bular, with a spreading border disposed in terminal cymes or racemes ; they are either white or yellowish. 1 P. coria'ceum (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 3. p. 488.) leaves obovate, obtuse, coriaceous, quite smooth ; peduncles umbel- lately branched, many-flowered, and are as well as the calyxes villous. ^2 • Gf. Native of Madeira on the mountains. Andr. bot. rep. t. 151. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 569. Flowers bluish-white. Leat/wry-]ea.\ed Pittosporum. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1783. Shrub 8 feet. 2 P. viRiDiFLORUM (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1684.) leaves obovate, retuse, cuneated at the base, shining, under surface reticulated ; panicle somewhat globose, terminal, glabrous. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. P. Capense and arbutifolium of gardeners. P. Sinense, Desf. cat. 231. Capsules 3-valved. Flowers greenish-yellow, smelling like jasmine. Grecn-Jloivered Pittosporum. Fl. ftlay, June. Clt. 1806. Shrub 6 feet. 3 P. ToBiRA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. p. 27.) leaves obovate, obtuse, coriaceous, quite smooth ; peduncles 1-flovvered, pubes- cent, disposed in aguregate umbels. T; . G. Native of Japan. Sims, bot. mag. I. .196. Tobira, Koempf. avucen. t. 797. Euony- mus Tobira, Thunb. jap. 99. P. Chinense, Donn, cant. 48. Capsules usually 3-valved, but sometimes 3 to 5 valved ; valves thick, leathery, almost woody. Flowers white. Tobira is the name of the shrub in Japan. Tobira Pittosporum. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1804. Sh. 12 ft. 4 P. undula'tum (Andr. bot. rep. t. 393.) leaves oval-lan- ceolate, tmdulated, tapering at both ends, and are as well as the footstalks glabrous ; peduncles terminal, aggregate, pubescent, branched, many-flowered. Ij . G. Native of New Holland. Vent. hort. eels. t. 76. Delauny, herb. amat. t. 36, Ker. bot. reg. t. 16. Schrad. gen. em. t. 4. Flowers white. Uiidulatcd-leaved Pittosporum. Fl. Feb. June. Clt. 1789. Shrub 10 feet. 5 P. revolu'tum (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 27.) leaves elliptical-oblong, bluntish, under surface pubescent, with revo- lute margins ; peduncles terminal, villovis, disposed in aggregate umbels. T^ . G. Native of Nev,- Holland at Port Jackson. Ker. bot. reg. 186. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 506. Flowers yellow. Iievolule-\ea\ed Pittosporum. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1795. Shrub 6 feet. 6 P. TOMENTOSUM (Bonpl. nav. t. 21.) leaves oboval-oblong, acute at both ends, iqi])er surface glabrous, under surface as well as branches pubescently-tomentose, flat ; peduncles aggregate, terminal. Ij • ^- Native of New Holland. Sweet, fl. austr. t. 33. Floviers yellow. yojjic/i/ose-leaved Pittosporum. Fl. April, Junj. Clt. 1S24. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. •.i:i I'ITT0S1>0RE/E. II. PiTTOSPORlM. III. nuHSAItlA. IV. .^KSACIA. FIG. 73. N ^ 11/" /' 7 P. fu'lvum (Rii(lji;c trans. Lin. soc. 10. p. 298.) leaves broad-laii- ccolate, obtuse ; footstalks and nerves of leaves tomentose ; liranclies tomentose ; peduncles af;- prefjate ; sepals siireading. I7 . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers yellowish. I'erliaps sutTiciently dis- tinct from /'. toiiioildsiim (f. 7.'i.) /'((/I'oHv-leaved Pittosporuni. II. April, May. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2- 1 feet. 8 P. veuiut.i'nf.um (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 27.) lcav( s elliptical, aciuninatcd at both ends, upj)cr surface {glabrous, under sur- face covered with rusty tonicntum on the nerves and leafstalks; pe- duncles ternu'nal, branched, disposed in aggregate umbels. h . S. Native of Guinea .' Sims, l)ot. mag. t. 207.5. Flowers yellow. far. ji> filiirium (D. C. prod. I. p. 317.) bark thready. Rump. amb. 7. p. 13. t. 7. Native of the Molucca islands. /fus/y-leaved Pittosporum. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1787. Shrub (i feet. 9 P. hi'rtl'm (Willd. cnuni. p. 261.) leaves ovate-oblong, under surface pubescent, adult ones glabrous ; leafstalks and branches hairy. Ij . G. Native of the Canary Islands. P. hirsi'itimi. Link, cnuni. 233. Flowers white ? //«/ry-branched Pittosporum. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822. Shrub 4 feet. 10 P. LAURiFOLirM (Willd. sel. in Rocm. and Schult. syst. 5. p. 432.) leaves oblong, obtuse, coriaceous ; peduncles 1 -flower- ed, lateral, and aggregate. >; . G. Native of Teneriffe. Flowers white ? Latircl-lraicd Pittosporum. Shrub G feet. 11 P.? PiiYLLiR/EoinEs (D. C. prod. 1. p. 347.) leaves ob- long, mucronalc, coriaceous, flat, very smooth, almost veinless ; pedicels lateral, 1-flowerod, solit.iry. I;.G. Native of New Holland. Ca])sulcs ovate, somewhat compressed, 2-valved, rather fleshy, and even on the outside. l*"lowers yellow. P/ii/llircea-li/cc Pittosporum. Shrub 4 feet. •|" S2>ccics scarcely known except by name, and jnuhahly some of them are identical ivilh some of those described above. 12 P. TENUiroi.iuM (Gaert. fr. 1. p. 286. t. 59.) capsules 3- valved, rather globose, wrinkled. 13 . G. Native of New Holland. Thin-leaved Pittosporum. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Shrub 4 feet. 13 P. umbella'tum (Gaert. fr. 1. p. 286.) capsules 3-valved, compressedly-globose, scabrous on the outside from elevated dots. I7 . (j. Native of Australia. l'nd)ellatc-f\n\\K:r(.-i\ Pittosporum. Fl. May, June. Sh. 4 ft. 14 P. expe'nse (Nois. hort. ex Stcud. nom. 628.) V; . G. Expensive Pittosporum. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1820. Shrub C feet. 15 P. tubeuci-la'tum (Zeyh. ex Steud. nom. 628.) Ij . G. Tuhcrculattd Pittosporiun. Fl. April, June. Shrub. IG P. Anders^imi (Fisch. in cat. hort. roy. peterb.) I7 . G. Flower yellow. Cultivated in Chelsea botanic garden in 1 824. y^ni/fj-.voji'.v Pittosporum. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1821. Sh. 4 ft. 17 P. MAUiuTiANUM (Lodd. Cat. 1825.) Ij . S. Perha]is P. ferruginiuin var. /:J, filarium. Mauritian Pittosporum. Fl. Ap. Ju. ? Clt. 1825. Sh. 8 feet. Cull. AM the species of Pillosporum are handsoine shrubs, with good foliage and pretty flowers, well adapted for conser- vatories. They thrive bi.st in an e, not luiguiculate. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule 1 -celled. 2 Ba'nfi'ya. Calyx tubular, profoundly 5-parted. Petals 5, undivided. Stamens 10, 5 of which arc fertile. Styles 2. Capsule 1 -celled, few-seeded. 3 Dia'nthus. Calyx tubular, ■O-toothed, furnished with 2-6 imbricate, opposite scales at the base. Petals 5 (f. 78. 6.) with longchiws. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule 1 -celled (f. 78.). Seeds compressed. 4 Sapona'ria. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, naked at tlie base. Petals 5, unguiculate. Stamens 10. Style 2. Capsule 1-celled. 5 Cucij'balis. Calyx campanulate, .'i-toothed, naked. Pe- tals 5, unguiculate, with a bifid limb. Capsvde fleshy, 1-celled. C Sile'ne. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, naked. Petals 5, un- guiculate, with an entire or bifid limb, usually furnished with a crown of petal-like bifid scales in the throat. Stamens 10. Styles 3. Capsules 3-celled at the base, opening at the top, 6-toothed. 7 Visca'ria. Calyx cylindrical, 5-toothed, naked. Petals 5, unguiculate, with scales in the throat. Stamens 10. Styles 5. Capsule 5-celled. Antho])horum long. 8 Ly'chnis. Calyx tubular, cylindrically-clavate, 5-toothed, naked. Petals 5, unguiculate, usually furnished with a crown of petals like scales in the throat. Stamens 10. Styles 5. Cap- sule 1-celled. Antliophorum long. 9 Agroste'mma. Calyx egg-shaped, 5-toothed, naked. Petals 5, unguiculate, furnished with a crown of petal-like scales in the throat. Stamens 10. .Styles 5. Capsule 1-celled. Antlio- phorum short or wanting. 10 Githa'co. Calyx campanulate, coriaceous, with 5 long segments. Petals 5, vmguiculatc, naked. Stamens 10. Styles 5. Capsule 1-celled. Antliophorum wanting. 1 1 Vele'zia. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Petals 5, with long filiform bearded claws (f. 79. c), and an emarginated limb. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule 1-celled (f. 79. b.). 12 Drypis. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Petals 5, unguicu- late, with 2-parted limbs and with a crown of bifid petal-like scales in the throat. Stamens 5. Styles 3. Capsule 1-celled, cut round about, 1 -seeded from abortion. 13 Vivia'nia. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothcd. Petals 5, ungui- culate. Stamens 10. Stigmas 3. Capsule 3-celled, iialf3-valved, many-seeded. Tribe II. Asine\e. Sejials 4-5, free, or hardly connected at the base. It Orte'gia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla wanting. Stamens 3 ; anthers cordate. Style 1, crowned by a capitate stigma. Cap- sule 1-celled, 3-valved. Seeds fixed to the bottom of cap- sule. 15 Gou'ffeia. Calyx 5-parted, spreading. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule globose, l-ccUed, 2-valved, 1- 2-seeded. 16 Buffo NiA. Calyx of 4 sepals. Petals t, entire. Sta- mens 4. Styles 2. Capsule compressed, 1-celled, 2-valved, 2- seeded. 17 Sagin-a. Calyx 4-5-parted. Petals 4-5, or wanting. Stamens 4-5. Capsule 4-5.valved, 1-celled, many-seeded. 18 Mce'nchia. Sepals and petals 4. Stamens 4. Styles 4. Capsule membranous, 1-valved, 1 -celled, 8-10-toothed at the apex, many-seeded ; seeds kidney-shaped. 19 Hvmene'lla. Calyx 4-parted, spreading. Petals I, oblong, entire, length of the calyx. Stamens 4, alternate with the petals, joined at the base by a little 8-toothed crown. Ovary ovate. Styles 3. Capsule S-celled. CARYOPHYLLE.E. I. Gypsopiiila. 381 20 Moehri'ngia. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. Stamens 8. Styles 2. Capsule 4-valved, 1 -celled, many-seeded. 21 Ela'tine. Calyx 3-4-parted. Petals 3-4, without claws. Stamens 3-4 or 6-8. Styles 4, capitate at the top. Capsule 4- valved, 4-celled, many-seeded. Seeds cylindrical. 22 Be'rgia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 10. Style 5, approximate. Capsule 5-valved, 5-celled. 23 Mollu'go. Calyx 5-parted. Petals wanting. Stamens 3. Styles 3. Capsule 3-valved, 3-celled, many-seeded. 24 Piiarna'ceum. Calyx 5-parted. Petals wanting. Sta- mens 5. Styles 3. Capsule 3-valved, 3-celled, many-seeded. 25 Phy'sa. Calyx of 5-sepals. Petals wanting. Stamens 10. Stigmas 3. Capsule 3-furrowed, 3-valved, 3-celled. Valves septiferous, conniving with the receptacle. 26 HoLo'sTEUM. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5, toothed. Stamens 5, or only 3-4 frovn abortion. Styles 3. Capsule 1- celled, opening at the apex by 6 teeth. 27 Spe'rgula. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 10. Styles 5. Capsule 1-celled, 5-6-valved, many-seeded. 28 Spergula" ria. Calyx 5-parted or 5-sepalled. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 5-10. Styles 3-5. Capsule 1-celled, 3-5- valved, many-seeded ; seeds marginate. 29 Dryma'ria. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, bifid. Stamens 5. Styles 3. Capsule 3-valved, even to the base, 5 or many- seeded. Embryo perepheric, rather annular. 30 ScHiEDEA. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5, minute, bifid. Stamens 10. Styles 3, stigmatose on the inside. Capsule 1- celled, 3-valved, separating near to the base, many-seeded. 31 Stella RIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, bifid. Stamens 10, or from abortion only 3-8. Styles 3. Capsule 1-celled, 6- valved at the apex, many-seeded. 32 Arena^ria. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5, entire. Sta- mens 10 or fewer from abortion. Styles 3. Capsule 1-celled, 3-6-valved at the apex, many-seeded. 33 Me'rckia. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 5. Styles 3. Capsule inflated, depressed, globose, 3-valved, imperfectly 3-celled, with the dissepiment 2-parted, many-seeded. 34 Cera'stium. Calyx 5-parted (f. 80. a.). Petals 5, usually bifid. Stamens 10. Styles 5. Capside 1-celled, cylindrical or globose, opening at the top, 10-toothed. 35 Brachyste'mma. Calyx deeply 5-parted. Petals 5, minute, acute. Stamens 5. Styles 2. Capsule spherical, 1- celled, 4-valved, 1 -seeded, opening to the base. 36 Cherle'ria. Calyx of 5 sepals (f. 81. b.). Petals 5, small, emarginate. Stamens 10. Styles 3 (f. 81. g.). Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved ; cells 2-seeded ? 37 Spergula'strum. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5, very minute, entire or wanting. Stamens 10, perigynous. Stigmas 4, sessile, ligulately-setaceous. Capsule ovate, longer than the calyx, 4-valved. 38 ? Hydropi'tyon. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5, ovate, roundish. Stamens 10, pilose. Style 1, crowned by an orbi- cular stigma. Capsule 1-ceUed, 1-seeded; seed filling the capsule. Tribe I. SILE"NE.(E (plants agreeing with Silchc, in having a tubular calyx.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 351. — Caryophyllere, Lam. Sepals grown together into a cylindrical or campanulatc tube, 4 or 5- toothed at the apex. I. GYPSO'PHILA (from yvxpoc, gypsos, lime, or plaster, and (piXew, i>hUeo, to love ; because the plants of this genus chiefly prefer a limestone or chalky soil.) Lin. gen. no. 768. D, C. prod, l.p. 351. Lin. syst. Decundria, Digyn'ia. Calyx campanulate, angu- lar, somewhat 5-lobed ; margins of lobes membranous. Petals 5, not nnguiculated. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule 1-celled. Annual, or perennial evergreen herbaceous plants, with leaves resembling the pink, and small white or pink flowers, usually dis- posed in difl!use panicles. Sect. L Strd'thium (Slruthiiim is the Latin for fullers'herb.) Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1 . p. 352. Calyxes free from scales at the base. 1 Gi occella'ta (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 387.) flowers capitate ; petals ovate, marked by a purple circle ; stems diffuse ; leaves spatulate, downy on both surfaces. 1/ . H. Native of mount Delphi in the island of Negropont. Cucubalus poly- gonoides, VVilld. spec. 2. p. 690? Petals entire, white, marked with a purple circle as in Didntlius delloldes. Stems difflise, 3 or 6 inches long. Occellated-^eiaWed. Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. PL | foot. 2 G. thymifolia (Sibth. et Smith, fl. grjec. t. 388.) flowers somewhat capitate ; stems diffuse, somewhat dichotomous ; leaves spatulate, downy on both surfaces ; petals obovate, rounded, not spotted. 1/ . H. Native of mount Parnassus. Habit of G. occellala. Stem more elongated and more branched. Calyx hairy. Flowers 2 or 3 in each tuft, white. Plant diffuse. Thyme-leaved Gypsophila. Fl. July. PI. ^ foot. 3 G. Stru'thium (Lin. spec. 582.) flowers in dense round panicled tufts ; stems simple, roughish ; leaves linear, fleshy, nearly semi-cylindrical, axillary ones crowded. 2/ . H. Native of Spain. — Barrel, icon. 64. t. 119. Stems shrubby at the base. Flowers white. Petals hardly emarginate. This herb is said to be used instead of soap for scouring by the Spaniards at pre- sent, as it was by the ancients. It would be curious to know if the plant contains fossil-alkali, like many succulent maritime plants, and whether the saponaceous qualities of Sajwnaria offi- cinalis be owing to the same cause. Fullers'-herb Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Ch. 1729. PI. U ft. 4 G. fastigia'ta (Lin. amoen. 3. p. 23.) flowers corymbosely- fastigiate ; stems ascending ; leaves lanceolate-linear, obsoletely triquetrous, smooth, obtuse, secund ; stamens exserted. 1/ . H. Native of France, Switzerland, Germany, and Siberia, among rocks Gmel. sib. 4. p. 144. f. 61. f. 1. Stem procumbent before flowering. Flowers white. Segments of the calyx ob- tuse, pruinose. Frti^g^ia^e-flovvered Gypsophila. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. PI. 1 foot. 5 G. DicHOTOMA (Besser. 'prim. fl. gallz. 1. p. 372.) flowers fastigiately-corymbose ; stem erect, dichotomous, compressed, glabrous ; leaves linear, somewhat fleshy, triquetrous, acute ; petals oblong, spreading ; styles equalling tiie stamens in length. 1/ . H. Native of Poland among stones about Jaslo. Flowers white or pink. Z);c/io/owo«.s-stemmed Gypsophila. Fl. Jvdy. PI. 2 feet. 6 G. coLLiNA (Stev. in litt. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 252.) stem branched, smooth ; flowers fastigiate; leaves linear, somewhat flesliy, acute, roughish ; lobes of calyx bluntish; stamens long. If. . H. Native about Odessa. Flowers white or pink. 382 CAKVOPHVLLEyE. I. Gvpsoi-iiil.a. //;// Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. U foot. 7 G. auena'kIA (Walds. et Kit. luiiig. 40. t. 41.) flowers corymbosely-fiisligiatc ; petals very rarely emarginated ; leaves linear, rather fleshy, glabrous, flat. 1/. H. Native of Hungary and Volliynia, in a sandy or gravelly soil. Flowers pale-red. Capsules gloliose. ,Sonrf Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1801. PI. 1 foot. 8 G. viscosA (Murr. in conui). goctt. 1783. p. 9. t. 3.) flowers fastigiately-corymbose ; branches divaricating ; leaves ovate- lanceolate, smooth, cordate at the base, and clasping the stem ; space of stem between the leaves clammy in the middle ; petals retuse ; segments of calyx broad, obtuse. ©. H. Native of the Levant. Flowers white or pink. Clammy Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1773. PI. J to 1 ft. 9 G. tene'lla (Poir. suppl. ;.'. p. 874.) flowers paniculately- umbcllate, on long pedicels ; stems very i)liant. ©. H. Native? Bracteas short, ovate-lanceolate. Flow ers wiiite or pink. Delicate Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 181G. PI. i to | ft. 10 G. orandiflora (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 874.) stem straight; flowers panicled ; branchlets almost naked, few-flowered ; petals emargiiiate; leaves linear-awl-shaped, hairy. % ? H. Native? Panicles few-flowered. Flowers large, white or pink. Gr«//-/o«'ercrf Gypsophila. Fl. July. PI. 1 J foot. 11 ALTi'ssiMA (Lin. spec. 582.) branches spreading; flowers panicled, small ; panicle much branched ; pedicels clammy ; stems erect; leaves lanceolate, somewhat 3-nerved. If.. H. Native of Siberia and Greece. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 143. t. 60. Capsules small, rovmdish. .Segments of calyx obtuse, frosted. Flowers pink or sometimes nearly white. Petals entire ? Tallcsl Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. 3 to 5 ft. 12 G. fERFOi.iA TA (Lin. sjjcc. 583.) flowers loosely ])anicled; panicle much branched ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, riblied, half stem-clasping, horizontal ; petals entire. 1/ . H. Native of Spain and the Levant. Dill. elth. 3()8. t. 27G. Flowers pale-red. far. ji, tomcntosa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 352.) leaves downy. G. pubesccns, Hort. G. tomcntosa, Lin. spec. 582? %. H. Native of Tauria. — Barrel, icon. t. 1002. Flowers white or pink. Perfoliate Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1732. PI. 2 ft. 13 G. SC0RZ0NEIUKO1.IA (Hort. mus. ))ar. and D. C. prod. 1, p. 352.) flowers panicled ; panicles clammy ; leaves lanceolate, half stem-clasping, acute, 3-5-nerved, smooth. 7/ • H. Native of Siberia near Kislar. G. sabulosa, Stev. in litt. G. perfoliata, Bieb. fl. taur. cauc. ex Stev. This plant diflers from G. perfo- liata, in the panicles being clammy, flowers larger, and segments of calyx more acute. Flowers pink. Panicle dichotomous. .S'a/iq/ee-/cai;crf Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 1| to 3 feet. 14 G. ACUTiFOLiA (Fisch. cat. hort. gor. 1812. p. 59.) flowers trichotomously panicled ; peduncles villous, clammy ; petals eniarginate, twice as long as the calyx, longer than the stamens ; leaves linear, lanceolate, aciuninated, flat, obscurely 3-nerved. % . H. Native of Cauc.isus on stony hills. G. altissinia, Bieb. fl. taur. cauc. 1. p. 280. but not of Lin. Flowers white. Acute-lcarcdGyTpsoY)\\\\a.. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 2 or 3 feet. 15 G. panicula'ta (Lin. amoen. 3. p. 23.) flowers panicled, minute, dioeceous; peduncles smooth, filiform, divaricating; seginents of caly.x obtuse ; leaves linear-lanceolate, scabrous, acute. %. H. Native of Sicily in sandy or gravelly places, also in Siberia and Hungary about Buda. Jac(|. fl. austr. 5. t. 1. A diff\ise plant, with numerous small whitish flowers. fnnic/crf-flowcred Gypsophila. Fl. Jiuie, July. Clt. 1759. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 16 G. Arr6stii (Guss. pi. rar. p. 160. t. 30.) flowers pa- nicled, small, hermaphrodite ; branches of panicle trichotomous, 1 -flowered; stamens rather longer than the corolla; calyclne segments obtuse, dotted, scabrous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, flattish, smooth ; stems round, prostrately ascending, smooth. 11 . H. Native of Calabria, .\rrostia dicholoma, Kaf. carat, p. 76. Flowers small, white. Capsule 4-5-valved. Calyx bractlcss. Arrosl's (iypsoi)liila. Fl. June, Jidy. PI. ]irostrate. 17 G. asce NDENs (Jacq. hort. vind. 2. t. 138.) flowers pa- nicled, small ; peduncles smooth, filiform, divaricating ; segments of calyx acute, the same length with the corolla, stamens, and pistils; stems prostrate; leaves lanceolate-linear. 1/. H. Na- tive of the Levant. Petals emarginate, white. A seending'SlemmcA Gypsophila. Fl, July, Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. prostrate. 18 G. GLAu'cA (Stev. in litt. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 353.) flowers panicled ; panicle divaricating ; branches few-flowered, pubescent, clammy ; leaves linear-lanceolate, somewhat fleshy, obtuse. %. H. Native of Caucasus. G. repens, Bieb. fl. taur. 318. ex Stev. in litt. Flowers white. 67oHcoH«-leaved Gypsophila. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1822. Pl.l^ft. 19 G. E'LEGANs(Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. .319. suppl. 296.) flowers dichotomously-])anicled, glabrous ; pet.ils emarginate, twice as long as the calyx and stamens ; leaves lanceolate, somewhat fleshy. ©. H. Native of Tauria in gravelly places. Schrank. pi. inon. t. 21. Very like G. viscosa, but the leaves are nar- rower, and acute at both ends. Flowers pinkish. ii/e^ani Gypsophila. Fl. June, Sep. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 foot. 20 G. Cretica (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 384.) stem pa- niculately branched, smooth, viscid, hut pubescent towards the top; flowers small, erect; calyx niany-ncrved ; leaves linear- awl-shaped, 3-nerved, smooth; petals small, entire. Tl- H. Native of Candia in arid places. Saponaria Cretita, Lin. spec. 584. — Alp. exot. 292. t. 291. Flowers small, white above but flesh-coloured beneath. Habit of G. rigida. Cretan Gypsophila. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1810. PI. \ foot. 21 G. otiiROLEucA (Sibth. and Smith, fl. graec. t. 385.) stems dichotomous, divaricating ; petals entire, spotted at the base ; leaves awl-shaped, the lower ones linear and flaccid. 11. H. Native on mount Hymettus near Athens. Flowers like those of G. Critica, but the petals are spatulatc, of a pale straw-colour, and elegantly striped and spotted with purple at the base. CVeam-co?oured-flowered Gypsophila. Fl. July. PI. 1 foot. 22 G. Illy'rica (Sibth. and Smith, fl. gra'c. t. 386.) pubes- cent ; stem tufted at the base, but dichotomously fastigiate at the top ; leaves linear, 3-nerved, awl-shaped ; calyx 5-angled, bractlcss ; petals obovate, white, with 3 dark jiurplc dots at the base of each. %.Vl. Native of Greece, I llyria, and Calabria. Saponaria Illyrica, Lin. mant. p. 70. — Ard. spec. 2. p. 24. t. 9. — Cup. panpli. 2. t. 22. Flowers fastigiate, white, each petal with .'J purple spots at the base, entire. Anthers blue. Illijrian Gyjisophila. Fl. May, June. PI. \ foot. 23 G. STEVE Ni (I'iscli. in litt. Schrank. hort. mon. t. 32.) flowers panicled ; stem diflusc ; leaves linear-lanceolate, grassy, keeled, grey ; petals broad-linear, obtuse, entire. 'J^.H. Native of Iberia in stony places about Tiflis. G. repens, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 318. exclusive of the svnonvmes. Flowers whitish. Stcien'.s Gypsophila. Fl. Ju. Aug. ' Clt. 1818. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 24 G. ORAMiNEA (Sibth. and Smith, prod. 1. p. 279.) flowers panicled ; stem almost naked ; radical leaves linear, tufted ; petals emarginate ; calyx pubescent, with roughish edges. %. H. Native on tl;e mountains of the Morea. Radical leaves numerous, gr.tssy, pale-green, with scabrous margins. Flowers rose-coloured. 6>n,v.«y-leaved Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. PI. prostrate. CARYOPIIYLLE^. I. GrrsopniLA. 383 25 G. ARMERioiDES (Scr. niss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 353.) stems tufted, stiff"; flowers dicliotoniously-panicled ; peduncles and calyxes beset with glandular hairs ; calyx striated, with acutish segments, which have scarious margins ; petals spatulatc, almost entire ; leaves linear, bluntish, firm, length of internodes. Ti.H. Native of Troada. Hahhof Didnthus Armeria. Flowers pink or white. Armcria-like Gypsophila. Fl. July. PI. 1 foot. 26 G. PUBESCENS ; flowers panicled, small ; branches of pa- nicle trichotomous, divaricate ; stamens longer than the corolla ; calycine segments obtuse, dotted, scabrous ; leaves linear-lan- ceolate, flat, clothed with glandular hairs ; stem prostrate, also beset with glandular liairs. %.V{. Native of Calabria. G. Arrostii ft, pitbescens, Guss. pi. rar. p. IGO. Flowers small. Pubescent Gypsophila. Fl. July. PI. prostrate. 27 G. TENUiFOLiA (Bleb. fl. taur. 1. p. 319. suppl. 296.) stems somewhat panicled, few-flowered ; petals emarginate, twice as long as the calyx and stamens ; leaves awl-shaped, fili- form, glabrous. 1/ . H. Native about the Caucasian ports. Root twisted, very thick, and with the leaves similar to those of riantaqo subidcita. Petals rose-coloured, inflexed, emarginate. Fhte-lcaved Gy^so^hWa. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PL 1 ft. 28 G. reVens (Lin. amcen. 3. p. 23. spec. 581.) stems some- what panicled, few-flowered ; stamens shorter than the emar- ginate petals ; leaves linear, glabrous. 7/ . H. Native of the Alps of Europe, as well as in the Pyrenees, among stones by road sides and along the borders of torrents. Lam. ill. t. 375. f. 2. Jacq. fl. aust. 5. p. 4. t. 407. Petals white, streaked with green or red. Root creeping. This plant resembles a species of Ceriislium or Arenaria. Creep% Gypsophila. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1774. PI. | ft. 29 G. PATRiNii (Ser. niss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 353.) stems somewhat panicled, few-flowered ; segments of calyx blimtish ; petals equal in length with the stamens ; leaves very narrow, thick, three times longer than the space of the stem between the leaves. 1/. H. Native of Siberia in fields at Irtish about Oustka-Menogorik. Flowers pink. Patrins Gypsophila. Fl. July. PI. 1 foot. 30 G. du'bia (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 23.) petals obovate, emarginate ; stamens shorter than the campanidate corolla ; leaves linear, rather fleshy. 1^. H. Native — ? Perhaps G. repens, Lin. ex Treveranus. Flowers wliite. Doubtful Gypsophila. Fl- May, June. Clt. 1815. PI. -^ foot. 31 G. PROSTRATA (Lin. spec. 1. p. 581.) stems diflTiise, panicled ; pistils longer than the emarginate petals ; stamens shorter than the corolla ; leaves linear-lanceolate, smooth. %, H. Native on the Alps of Einope ? Sims, bot. mag. t. 1281. — Pluk.alm. 22. t. 75. f. 2. Flowers white or pale rose-coloured. Like G. repens. Prostrate-stemmcA Gypsophila. Fl. Jidy, Sep. PI. prostrate. 32 G. RoKE'jEKA(Dtl. fl.'a?gyp. 87. t. 29. f. 1.) stem erect; branches weak, panicled, dichotomous ; peduncles capillary ; petals large, painted with lines ; radical leaves ovate, oblong, upper ones linear. © ? % I H. Native of Egypt near Soueys. Rokejeka, Forsk. deer. 90. no. 77. Flowers white striped with violet. Capsides globose. Seeds hemispherical, black, rough. Rokejeka Gypsophila. PL 1 to 2 feet. 33 G. THEsiiFOLiA (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 354.) stems numerous, somewhat panicled, few-flowered, straight ; petals almost entire, equal in length with the stamens ; leaves linear, very narrow, glabrous, i;. H. Native of Siberia about the mines of Schamanaikha (Patrin.) Flowers pink. Thesium-lcaved Gypsophila. Fl. Jidy. PL i foot. 34 G. MURA'Lis(Lin. amoen. 3. p. 24. spec. 583.) stem dicho- tomously-panicled, much branched ; flowers axillary, solitary ; petals crenated ; leaves linear, flat, length of pedicels. i . H. Native of France, Switzerland, Germany, Sweden, and Tauria, by road sides and in corn-fields. Sibthorp gatliered it on the By- thinian Olympus. Lam. ill. 375. G. serothia, Hayne. Flowers small, pinkish. This is a small biennial upright bushy herb. ;/V/// tiypsophila. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1739. PL -1 to 2 ft. 35 G. compre'ssa (Desf. atl. 1. p. 343. t. 97.) stem erect, panicled, compressed ; pedicels pubescent ; flowers terminal ; calyxes elongated, striated, with acute lobes ; leaves awl-shaped, hnceolate, striated. ©. H. Native of Barbary in sandy corn- fields. Petals white, variegated on the under surface with violet-coloured veins, entire. Com/))ewerf-stemmed Gypsophila. PL 1 foot. 36 G. CERASTioiDEs (D. Don, ])rod. fl. nep. p. 213.) stems erect, 4-sided, pilose ; pedicels and calyxes pilose ; flowers corymbose ; lobes of calyx lanceolate, acute, girded by a mem- branaceous fringed margin ; petals emarginate ; leaves pilose on both surfaces, as well as ciliated on the margins, radical ones spatulate on long footstalks, mucronulate, cauline ones obovate, almost sessile. 11 . \l. Native of Nipaul in Gosaingsthan. Flowers white. Chick-meed-like Gypsophila. PL 1 to i foot. Sect. IL Petrorha'gia (probably from irerpog, petros, a rock, and pi^ym^t, rhegnumi, to break ; because the plants grow on rocks, which they break with their roots.) Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 354. Calyxes furnished at their base with 2 or 4 opposite scarious scales. 37 G. glomera'ta (Pall. ined. taur. ex Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 321. suppl. 297.) flowers in clustered heads; stems straight, simple, herbaceous ; leaves linear, triquetrous from being keeled, rather scabrous ; stamens rather longer than the retroHexed ob- ovate petals ; bracteas of calyx scariose. i; . H. Native of Tauria and Caucasus in stony places. Flowers white. Gfo/»erate-flowered Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PL 1 foot. 38 G. capita'ta (Pall, ex Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 321.) stem suf- fruticose, much branched ; branches dichotomous, scabrous, compressed, angidar ; flowers capitate ; stamens exserted ; leaves lanceolate, smooth, glaucous. Ij . F. Native of Asia Minor. G. glomerata /3, capitata, D. C. prod. 1. p. 354. Flowers w'hite. Cayj(/rt/e-flowered Gypsophila. PL 1 to 2 feet. 39 G. saxi'fraga (Lin. spec. 584.) stems numerous, erect, stiff; flowers panicled, terminal ; calyx girded with 4 unequal lanceolate scales; leaves linear, stiff". ©. H. Native of the south of Europe on rocky or stony places. Smith, exot. bot. 2. t. 90. Dianthus saxifraga, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 413. — Barrel, icon. t. 998. Roots fibrous. Petals rose-coloured, emarginate. Far. /3, capillacea (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 354.) leaves and stems capillary, elongated. G. filiformis. Lam. Var. 7, /lispidula (Ser. mss. and D. C. 1. c.) leaves and stems rather hispid. Native of Vallais. . harhatus, no. 9. Poiret's Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. | to | foot. 17 D. pulche'llus (.Schrad.) flowers terminal, aggregate, rarely solitary ; calyeine scales ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate, equal with or longer than the tube ; lowest leaves obovately-lanceolate, upper ones lanceolate, all ciliated, particularly towards the base. It.H. Native? Flowers purple. Leaves green. Pretty Pink. Fl. June, Jidy. Clt. 1827. PI. 4 to | foot. » * Herbaceous, jierennial. Flowers capitate, usually involu- crate. Leaves narrow, pungent. 18 D. piNiFOLius (Sibth. and Smith, fl.gr»c. prod. 1. p. 284.) flowers aggregate, capitate ; bracteas obcordate, awned, equal in length with the head of flowers ; calyeine scales shorter than the tube ; leaves setaceous. 11 . or Tj . H. Native of Thrace and about Constantinople. — Tab. icon. 668. f. 13. Very like D. junipermus of Lin. trans. 2. p. 303. Flowers pink. Pine-leaved Pink. Fl. July. PI. 1 foot. 19 D. cEPiiALOTES (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 356.) flowers almost sessile, capitate ; calyeine scales imbricated, mu- cronulate at top and spreading, a little shorter than tlie tube ; leaves elongated, narrow ; stem angular, rather hairy. % . H. Native of? D. capitatus, Poir. diet. 4. p. 124. Flowers red. Headed Pink. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 20 D. CAPITATUS (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 1813. p. 103.) plant somewhat glaucous ; flowers aggregate, capitate ; calyeine scales ovate, awned, shorter than the tube ; involucrum ovate, awned, length of the head of flowers ; leaves linear-lanceolate, nerveless ; upper ones dilated at the base. Flowers dark red. %, H. Native in grassy places of Tauria and Caucasus. D. atrorubens, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 324. but not of Allioni. D. Carthusianorum, Pall. Capitate-RowercA Pink. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1817. PI. lift. 21 D. polymo'rpiius (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 324. suppl. 298.) plant dark green ; flowers sessile, capitate ; involucrum short ; calyeine scales G, ovate, acute, not above half as long as the calyx ; leaves narrow, scabrous. 1/ . H. Native of Tauria and Caucasus, and on the Lower Volga, abundant. D. atratus, Beaupre in litt. ? Flowers pale red. Polymorphous Vink. Fl.Ju. Oct. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 foot. 22 D. diu'tinus (Kit. in Link. enum. 1. p. 419.) plant green ; flowers paniculately-fastigiate and solitary, stalked ; calyeine scales ovate, acute, not above half the length of the calyx; leaves narrow, scabrous. l^.H. Native of Hungary. Sweet, fl. gard. icon. ined. Flowers pale red. Z)»ro6/e or Day Pink. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 181G. PI. 1 ft. 23 D. BALBfsii (.Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 356.) plant glaucous ; flowers almost sessile, in capitate bundles ; calyeine scales lanceolate, spreading a little, shorter than the tube ; leaves lanceolate-linear; stem angular. li-U. Native near Genoa, Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 23. D. glaucophyllus, Horn, ex herb. Balb. Leaves lanceolate-linear, not unlike those of the carnation. Flowers red. Far. ft, paniculatus (Ser. mss. and D. C. 1. c.) flowers in p:i- nicled bundles. Balbis's Pink. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 24 D. gigante I's (D'Urv. enum. pi. archip. p. 45.) plant green ; flowers numerous, sessile, disposed in hemispherical 3 D 38G CARYOPHYLLEiE. III. Diantiius. heads, supported at tlie base by leafy bractcas ; calycine scales ovate, acuminated, pressed to the cai_\x, much shorter than the tube ; leaves linear, very long, connate at tiie base a long way ; stem round. %. H. Native on the shores of Bulgaria on rocks by the sea-side. Sweet, fl. gard. 208. Flowersof a rusty purple colour. Oianl Pink. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1828. PI. 2 to 4 feet. 2.5 D. ferrugi'neis (Lin. mant. 5(>3.) flowers aggregate ; involucres and calycine scales scarious, brown, oblong, awned, hot!) a little shorter than the calyx ; leaves linear, connate at llie l)ase. 1/. H. Native in the Pyrenees about Narbonnc. — Barrl. icon. t. 497. Mill. diet. icon. 1. 1. SI. f. 1. Perhaps a variety of A*. Carlhusiaiwnim. Petals bifid ; segments 3-tooth- cd, rufous on the under surface and yellow on the upper surface. /"rrn/^/Hfouj-petalled Pink. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 17J6. PI. 1 ft. 26 D. Cartiiusiaxorum (Lin. spec. 580.) flowers aggregate, capitate, stalked ; calycine scales 4, ovate, awned, shorter than the tube ; involucre oblong, awned, shorter than the head of flowers ; petals crenate, bearded; leaves linear, .3-nervcd. If.II. Na- tive in uncultivated and sterile places almost throughout the whole of South Europe. Lois. prus. 37. f. 7. Smith, fl. graec. t. 392. Flowers red. Carthusians Vmk. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1573. PI. 1 foot. 27 D. atroru'bens (All. pud. no. 1548. Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 4()7.) flowers sessile in aj.'gregate heads ; calycine scales ovate, awned, shorter than the tube ; involucre ovate, awned, shorter tlian the head of flowers ; petals bearded ? leaves linear, 3-nerved. 2/ . H. Native of Vallais and Austria. Flower small, dark red. yar. /3, minus (Ser. mss. and D. C. I. c.) almost stemless ; flowers aggregate. Native of St. Gothard. Var. y, anisopodus (Ser. mss. and I). C. 1. c.) flowers aggregate, stalked and sessile. D. atroriibens, var. prolifer, Schleich. pi. helv. Native of Vallais, also about Paris. Flowers dark red. Dark-red-aowcred Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1802. PI. 1 ft. 28 D. Ruthe'nicl's (Kocm. in Poir. suppl. 4. p. 131.) flowers solitary or aggregate ; calycine scales involucrate, lanceolate, acute, shorter than the tube; leaves linear, acute. If. H. Native of Russia. D. patens, Horn.? Flowers purplish. liussian Vmk. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810. PI. 1 foot. 29 D. a'sper (Wilkl. enum. p. 4()C.) flowers aggregate, in bundles ; calycine scales ovate-lanceolate, pointed, shorter than tube ; petals bearded, acutely toothed ; leaves linear-lanceolate, 3-5-nerved, serrulated, and are scabrous as well as stem. Tf.. H. Flowers red, pale beneath. Far. a, atigustif alius (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 357.) few-flowered ; leaves linear, acute. Native of Vallais. D. sc.ibcr, Schleich. ex Sut. fl. helv. 1. p. 259. D. serratus (i, D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. GOl. far. ft, coU'inus (Ser. mss. and D. C. I.e.) many-flowered; leaves linear-lanceolate. Native in Hungary. D. collhius, Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 3(>. t. 38. Sal. par. lond. t. C2. D. unibellatus, D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 104. Var. 7, serratus (Ser. mss. and D. C. I. c.) stems 1-3-flowered ; flowers larger than the preceding varieties ; leaves linear. Na- tive of the Eastern Pyrenees. D. serratus, Lapeyr. abr. 241. and D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 601. var. a. /foH^'/i Pink. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. a 1817, /3 1800. y 1817. PI. 4 foot. • * * Shruhbij. Flowers aggregate. 30 D. ARBoREUS (Lin. spec. 590.) stem shrubby; flowers aggregate ; claws of petals very long ; calycine scales numerous, m\icronulate, closely imbricated, very short ; leaves linear- glaucous. 1j . G. Native of Crete on rocks by the sea-side. Lodd. hot. cab. t. 459. Smith, fl. gr»c. t. 406. Flowers large, 1 pink, palest beneath. Petals ])ilose at the base, and with 3 deeper coloured lines. Tree Pink. Fl.June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 31 D. ARBu'scuLUs (Liniil. hot. reg. t. 1086.) flowers p.-micled, aggregate, solitary; leaves lanceolate, and are as well as shrubby stem glabrous ; calycine scales 4, broad-ovate, leafy, erect ; petals toothed. ^ . G. Native of China. Flowers single or double, of a rich purple crimson, inner petals spotted at the base. Little-tree Pink. Fl. Jul. Oct. Clt. 1824. Shrub IJ foot. 32 D. acii'hy'lia's (Sieb. ex sice. D. C. prod. 1. p. 358.) shrubby ; flowers panicled, few, somewhat aggregate ; bractcas obovate, very blunt, somewhat obcordate, and very acutely nui- cronate, one-half shorter than the calyx ; petals entire or 2- lobed ; leaves rather distich, linear, pimgent, not striated, nu- merous, with the margins scarcely serrulated, f; . F. Native of Crete. Flowers red ? Pointed-leaved Pink. Fl. July, Aug. .Shrub 1 foot. 33 D. JUNiPERi'xis (Smith, in Lin. trans. 2. p. 303.) stem shrubby; flowers aggregate, rather corymbose ; scales of calyx 4, obovate, niucronate, one-half shorter than the tube ; leaves awl-shaped, pungent. J; . F. Native of Greece. Flowers red. Petals dee])ly crenate. Juniper-like Pink. Fl. July. Shrub -j foot. 34 i). RiPi'coi.A (Biv. Bern, sicul. cent. 1. p. 31.) flowers aggregate in bimdles, bractcate ; calycine scales imbricate, in 3 series, short, ciliated, outer ones bristly awl-shaped, very long ; pet.ils bearded ; leaves thickish, linear, semicylindrical, glaucous, stiff, very entire, coimatc .it the base. 2/ . F. Native in the fissures of rocks in .Sicily and Calabria. Flowers rose-coloured, fragrant. D. Bisignana, Tenor, cat. giard. S. Bisig. 1809. p. 18. fl. neop. t. 39. D. involucrktus, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 132. Rock-inhabiting Vmk. Fl. ISLay, Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. 1 ft. 35 D. FRUTicosiJS (Lin. spec. FIG. 78. 591.) stem shrubby ; flowers ag- gregate ; claws of petals equal in length with the calyx ; calycine scales numerous, mucronulatc,close- ly imbricate, very short ; leaves obovate, lanceolate, obtuse. I^ . F. Native of Crete. Smith, fl. graec. t. 407. Tourn. itin. 1. p. 183. t. 9. Flowers dark in the middle, rose- coloured in the circumferenci', and white and pilose at the base. Shrubhy Pink. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1815. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 36 D. Sl'FFUUTICOSLS (Willd. enum. 166.) stem suHruticose ; flowers somewhat aggregate ; caly- cine scales ovate, awl-shaped, thrice as short as the tube ; petals beardless ; leaves linear-lanceolate, and are scabrous as well as the stein. I; . F. Native? Bractcas linear-reflexed. Nerve of the c.ilycine scales protruding and reflcxed. Corolla large, pink. Bracteas reflcxed. Subshrubby Vink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1804. Shrub li ft- Sfct. II. Caryoi'iiy'i.i.um (from Kapvn((>v\\oy, the Greek name of the clove, in allusion to the flowers of D. caryophijllus smelling like the clove). Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 357. Flowers either panicled or solitary. • Stem few or many-Jlonercd, panicled, scattered. Petals cre- nate or toothed. 37 D. camte'stris (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 326.) stem branched, rather hairy; branches 1 -flowered; calycine scales 4, ovate, acute, one-half shorter than the calyx; leaves awl-shaped, 3- CARYOPHYLLEyE. III. Diantiihs. 387 nerved. %. H. Native of Tauria in sandy pastures. D. bi- color, Adams. Very like D. I'lspcr. Flowers deep purple, about tlie size of those of I), dcltoides. I'etals villous at the tiiroat. I'lchlVmk. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1815. PI. ^ to -J foot. ;j8 D. Alpe'stris (Balb. act. aead. taur. 7. p. 11. t. 1.) flowers generally in pairs ; ealycine scales 4-, two inner ones broad, niucronate ; petals emarginate. %..H. Native in alpine l)astures of Europe. Perhaps a variety of D. nitidus or dsper. Flowers red. A/p Vink. Fl. Julv. Clt. 1817. PI. ito^foot. 3y D. KiTiDus (Wakls. et Kit. pl. hiuig. 2. p. ^09. t. 191.) Howers disposed somewhat in bundles, two together ; ealycine scales ovate, awned, shorter than the tube ; petals deeply cre- iiated ; stem decumbent, flexuoiis, scabrous ; leaves linear, lanceolate, obtuse, i;. H. Native of the Carpathian moun- tains at the termination of tlie beecli trees. Flowers red. .S7(m;«o- Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 18^2. PI. ^ foot. 40 D. RAMOsi'ssiMus (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 130.) flowers soli- tary ; ealycine scales 4, ovate, niucronate, shorter than the cylindrical tube ; leaves flat, narrow ; stem weak, much branched. "11 . H. Native of Tartary. Flowers white. Much-bramhed Pink, Fl. July, Aug. PI. § foot. 41 D. DiFFu'sus (Sibth. and .Smith, fl. gra>c. t. 396.) flowers somewhat corymbose ; ealycine scales 2, furrowed, mvicronate, one- h.df shorter than the tube ; stems diffuse, ascending, smoothish. ^ . H. Native of the island of Cyprus. Flowers usually twin, rose-coloured above and hairy at the base, reddish beneath and yellowish-green at the base. Var. i3, gram'mifdHiis (Pres]. exSpreng. syst. append, p. 179.) leaves narrow. 2/ . H. Native of Sicily. />;/»« •stemmed Pink. Fl. .Tidy, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. | ft. 42 D. attenua'tus (Smith, in Lin. trans. 2. p. 301.) stem branched at the base ; flowers solitary ; ealycine scales gene- rally 6, short, lanceolate, acuminated, with membranaceous mar- gins ; calyx long, tapering at the top ; petals crenated ; claws exceeding the calyx ; leaves awl-shaped. 1J..H. Native of the south of France by the sea-side. D. Lusitanicus, Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 173. t. 73. D. longiflorus, Lam. diet. 4. p. 522. Stems dift'use, much twisted and branched at the base ; floriferous stems divided. Flowers flesh-coloured, scentless. r«;;e(«/-calyxed Pink. Fl. Jidy. Clt. 1822. PI. ^ foot. 43 D. CAtCA'sici's (Uieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 327.) stem branched, smooth ; flowers almost sessile, solitary ; ealycine scales ovate, awned, erect ; shorter than the calyx ; leaves awl- shaped, with scabrous margins. %. H. Native of Eastern Caucasus in subalpine fields. Sims, hot. mag. 795. This plant differs from D. campestris, in the leaves being less glaucous. The petals are more deeply toothed in the figure in the botanical magazine than they are in the wild plant, and the leaves are more glau- cous. Flowers small, deep jjurple. Caucasian Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1803. PI. i foot. 44 D. hi'rtus (Vill. dauph. 3. p. 593. t. 46.) flowers gene- rall)- solitary ; ealycine scales 6, ovate, awned, much shorter than the calyx ; petals crenate, villous at the base ; leaves awl- shaped, with scabrous margins. 1/ . H. Native on hills in the province of Dauphiny, also in Tauria. D. scaber, Chaix, but not of Thunb. nor Schleich. D. virgineus, Habl. Perhaps only a variety of D. atlenuatus. Flowers pale-red. Stem pu- bescent, simple or a little branched at the top. Hairy Vmk. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. i to 1 foot. 45 G. gutta'tus (Bieb. fl. taur. l.'p. 328. suppl. 300.) stem pa- nicled, smooth ; flowers solitary ; ealycine scales 4, ovate, awned, about equal in length to the tube ; leaves awl-shaped, nervously striated, scabrous. %. II. Native in fields about Odessa, Sec. Petals purple, marked with munerous white spots. i>o«crf-flowered Pink. Fl. Jul)-, Sep. Clt. 1816. PI. i to 1 ft. 46 D. rALLiDiFLoRUs (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 358.) stem smooth, loosely panicled ; flowers solitary ; ealycine scales ovate-lanceolate, awned, one-half shorter than the tube ; leaves awl-shaped, straight, with scabrous margins. If.H. Native in grassy places on the borders of the river Volga. D. pallens, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 325. suppl. 298. but not of Sibth. Flowers pale-red, rather villous at the liase. Palc-Jlowercd Pink. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 47 D. vERsicoLOR (Fisch. in Link. enum. 1. p. 420.) stem panicled, many-flowered, smooth ; caljcine scales cuspidate, spreading, shorter than the tube ; petals from the throat pubes- cent; leaves linear, roughish. %. H. Native of the Russian empire. Flowers red above' and yellowish beneath? Party-coloured-AowereA Pink." Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. i to 1 foot. 48 D. pube'scens (Sibth. and Smith, fl. gra;c. t. 397. prod. 1. p. 286. and D'Urv. enum. 47.) stem ascending, villous, 2-5- flowered ; flowers solitary; calyx scales ovate, awl-shaped, twice as short as the tube ; calyx striated, villous, clammy, with short teeth; leaves linear, villous. $ . H. Native of Greece about Athens. .Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 27. Flowers deep rose-coloured above, dotted and hairy at the base, but greenish-yellow beneath. Pubescent Vmk. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. ^ foot. 49 D. prate'nsis (Balb. fl. taur. suppl. 300.) stem suffruti- cose, panicled ; flowers solitary ; ealycine scales leafy, acumi- nated, rather pressed to the calyx, outer ones lanceolate, equal in length with the tube, inner ones shorter, ovate at the base ; petals acutely toothed, rather bearded ; leaves linear-lanceolate, lower ones bluntish, lanceolate. 1/ . H. Native of Tauria. D. ochroleiicus. Link. enum. 1. p. 420. but not of Persoon. D. Tataricus, Fisch. in litt. Flowers pale-yellow, greenish beneath. Meadow Pink. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1820. PI. i to 1 foot. 50 D. monta'nus (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 328.) stem smooth, branched at the top, crowdedly dichotomous ; flowers solitary, approximate ; ealycine scales 6, ovate, awned, shorter than the tube, with a leafy spreading point ; leaves linear-awl-shaped, 3- nerved, hairy. 2/ . H. Native of Caucasus on grassy moim- tains. D. discolor, Sims, hot. m.ag. 1162.? Flower large, pur- ple, olive-coloured on the under surface. Petals sharply- toothed, villous in the throat. Mountain Pink. Fl. Jidy, Sep. Clt. 1803. PI. | to 1 foot. 51 D. ociiROLEuVus (Pers. ench. 1. p. 494. but not of Link.) stems elongated, branched ; flowers solitary ; ealycine scales 2, ovate-lanceolate, almost one-half shorter than the tube ; segments of calyx narrow, long ; petals obovate-linear, almost entire ; leaves short, linear -awl-shaped. 1^ . H. Native of the Levant. Flower small, pale-yellow, or whitish. C/-ea?H-co/oMr«/-flowered Pink. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 1 foot. 52 D. caryophy'llus (Lin. spec. 587.) stem branched; flowers solitary ; ealycine scales 4, very short, ovate, rather niu- cronate ; petals very broad, beardless ; leaves line.ar-awl-shaped, channelled, glaucous. l^.H. Native of the south of France ; in England on old ruinous walls, particularly on Rochester, Deal, Sandown, and other old castles, plentifully on walls in Norwich, and other old towns. Smith, engl. bot. t. 214. Sims, hot. mag. t. 39. Flowers from single to double, white, yellow, purple, and variegated, indeed of all colours, blue excepted. Var. ft,fl6re plena ; flowers double, called Carnation, Sims, bot. mag. t. 89. Far. y, fructieosus ; called Tree Carnation. J'ar. c, imbricatus (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1622.) branches short ; ealycine scales numerous, imbricating ; called Wheat-ear Car- naticn, or Clove. The flowers of the Clove (lillijjlower or Clove Pink are used in pharni.acy to give a pleasant flavour and beauti- ful colour to an officinal syrup. The variety which is officinal surjiasses all the others in the richness of its smell ; it is of a 3 D 2 388 CAUVOPHYLLE.E. III. Diantiiis. (lark l)l()(iil colour, with tlic stii^nias protruding beyond the petals. I iir, f, carduinus (.Scr. mss.) leaves, calyx, and ])etals beset witii listular prickles. D. caryopliy'llus var, Tratt. in flora, 1821. J). 717. icon. The flowers of the Clore are very variable in size and colour, the dovible varieties of which are called Carnations, and tlie smaller flower of the latter are called Picvlccs. J), carijophijtlus is considered the source wlience have sprung the nun)crous varieties of tlie Carnatiun and the Picolce. The Ciirntitinn seems to have been unknown to the ancients, at least in its cultivated state, not being mentioned by Pliny, or sung by any of the Roman poets. It has, however, Ijeen cultivated from time immemorial in Eurojie, and is in the liigliest favour for its beauty and rich spicy odour. It is the principal florist's flower in Germany and Italy, from which countries the British florists |)rocure their best Carnation seed, and also some esteemed varieties. The varieties amounted nearly to 100 named sorts in tlie beginning of the eighteenth century, and the number has not since diminished. They are arranged in three classes, y/«/.ci, hharrcs, and p'wotccs. Flakes have two colours only, and their stripes larfje, going quite through the leaves of the flower. Bizarrcs, (Fr. odd, irregular,) are variegated in irregular s])ots and stripes, and with no less than three colours. Picotces, (Fr. piqucttee, pricked or spotted,) have a white ground, spotted or pounced with scarlet, red, purple, or other colours. Of each class there are numerous varieties, arranged under farther subdivisions, according to tlie predominance of the colours, as scarlet-flake, pink-flake, purple-flake, yellou-flake, t*vc. ; scarlet- bizarre, crimson-bizarre, &e. ; and ])iir|ile-j)icotee, yellow-pico- tee, &c. Picotces are rather smaller flowers than Carnations, and are distinguished by the serrated margins of their petals ; the colours are principally yellow and white spotted, and the plants are considered hardier than the other sorts. Whatever colours the flowers may be ])ossessed of, they should be per- fectly distinct, and disposed in long regular stripes, broadest at the edge of the lamina, and gradually l)ecoming narioi>er as they approach the claw or base of the petal, there terminating in a fine point. Each petal should have a due proportion of wliiie, )'. c. one-half, or nearly so, which should be perfectly clear and free from spots. Bizarres, or such as only contain two colours u])oii a while ground, are esteemed rather ])referable to flakes, which have but one, especially when their colours are remark- ably rich and very regularly distributed. Scarlet, jnirple, and pink, are the three colours most predominant in the Carnation, the two first are seldom to be met with in the same flower, but the two last are very frequently. New varieties are procured from seeds, and thousands of seedlings are annually lilown by florists and amateurs, sometimes without one being found worth keejiing. Established or approved varieties are continued by layering or cuttings, or as they are C(nniiioiily called jjipings. The soil ill which the Carnation thrives best is a rich loam rather sandy than otherwise ; the climate should he free from extremes of every kind, for which reason tl.ey are commonly grown in pots, and protected by a frame during winter, and covered by an awning while in lilooin. Carnations grow ex- ceedingly well in beds of pro)ierly ]ire))ared soil, over which frames are placed in winter, and an awning of canvas or bunting when the plants are in blossom. Propagation bij layers. The time of performing this opera- tion is when the plants are in full bloom. Layering, by the wounds it inflicts, considerably impairs the lilooni, and generally kills the parent plant. The practical part of the operation has nothing remarkalile in it ; a sufHcient quantity of hooked pegs and of conqiost being i)rovided ; the pot containing the jilant to be laid is placed on a table, and the layers prepared by cutting oft' their lower leaves, the eai ih is tlien stirred and the pot filled up with light rich mould, not of too fine a grain. The incision is made by entering a quarter of an inch below the joint, and passing the knife up through the centre of it ; the shoot is then to be pegged down, and buried not more than half an inch deep. Maddock says it is adviseable to peg down the layers when in a dry state, being then less brittle than when tluy are wet and succulent ; for this after the layers have been dressed, the pot should be ])laced half an hour in the sun, in order to render them more flaccid and pliant than they otherwise would be. NV'hen the layers have been properly rooted, which will be the case with most sorts in about three weeks after laying, provided due care be taken in keeping them regularly moist, and shading them from the heat of the meridian sun ; they are then to be cut ott' from the old ])lant with about half of the stalk which connects them with it, and be immediately |)lanted in small pots, three or four plants in each, placed round the sides. The pots are to be placed under an arch of hoops, where they can be covered with mats in case of excessive rains, till the severity of the winter renders it necessary to remove them into their winter repository, which is to be constructed as follows : — there should be a bed of coal-ashes formed in the place where it is to be erected, six inches thick ; or a platform of square tiles, closely fitted together, rows of bricks are to be placed in lines, ."1 inches asunder, which will allow a free circulation under and between the pots placed upon them. Two rows of substantial stakes should be stuck into the ground on each side, 3 or l inches dis- tance from the outer jiots, and have notches cut on their tops to receive the edges of the shutters. Three shutters, which will reach the whole length on one side, and three of the notched stakes will be sufHcient to support the sliutlers, and will give room to move them backwards and forwards without any chance of slip- ping. It is necessary that a row of stakes should be plactd between the two middle rows of jiots to support the shutters when closed. The south side should consist of frames of glass in severe weather, so as to admit light when they cannot be opened. Hogg commences laying when the flowers are sufficiently expanded to shew which are in colour or true to their kinds, or which not; this he finds to be about the 21st of July, and he continues laying from that time to the 21st of August. The plants receive a good watering the day previous to layering, because they can receive it only through a fine rose of a watering pot for some time after, for the purpose of preserving the earth on the layered shoots. In performing the operation he cuts off the extreme end of the tongue below the joint, because if left on it is apt to decay and ]irevent the protrusion of the granii- lous matter from which tlic fibres issue ; under favounible cir- ciunstances they will be fit to take off in G or 7 weeks, and may then bo iilanted 2 or 3 in a no. 18 pot. The pots are then to be set on tiles, slates, or boards, there to remain till the mid- dle or end of October. Hogi;'s 'J'reatise, p. 5(!. Propagation hi/ jiipings. This mode of propagating f'«rn«- tioiis is very precarious, as seldom so many as the half ever strike root ; nevertheless some sorts succeed better by pipings than by layers, and make healthier plants ; it re(|uires attention to dis- cover such sorts from the rest. l'i]iiiigs, however, are a very necessary resource, where the shoots are too short for laying, or where the laying shoots are broken by accident. The first thing to provide is a .slight hot-bed, cover it 4 or 5 inches thick with fine light mould, laid regularly and even. Tlie piping should have two or »'ven three complete joints ; they are to be cut horizontally, close iindir the second or third joint. .">ome peojile recommend the shortening of the leaves, but this we think is rather deleterious than otherwise, both in piping and in laying. The earth of the bed where the iiijiings are to be planted should be moderately moistened, then take a small CARYOPHYLLE.E. III. Diantiius. 389 hand-glass, and make an impression on the surface, in order to know wliere to put in tlie ))ipings. Tlie pipinf^s shouhl tlien be I)huited in neatly and re^darly, but never more than half an inch deep, and about an inch distant from each other ; after this they should receive a gentle watering, in order to fix the earth more closely about them, and thereby kee)) out the air ; after this watering they are to remain open, l)ut not exjjosed to the Sim till their leaves become dry, after which the glass is to be placed over them carefully on the same mark that was made by it previously upon the surface of the soil. The bottom edge of the glass is to be pressed iiuo the soil to prevent the admission of too nuich air. What further remains to be done is diligently to attend to their management with respect to sun and air. The soil ought to be kept regularly moist until they have emitted fibres. Whenever they are watered the glasses should remain ort" until their leaves are dry. The pipings should have a little of the morning sun, but must be shaded when the heat becomes considerable ; this may be prevented by placing mats upon a slight frame of hoops. The glasses should be occasionally taken ott" to admit air, dull cloudy warm weather is the best time, but if this should not occur, the glasses may be removed a little time in the morning. After the cuttings are tolerably well rooted, the glass may be taken off altogether, as they will be no longer necessary. But as the pipings do not all root at one time, those that strike first should be taken out and planted in pots, these may be known by the superior verdure and growth of the plants. It is necessary to know the exact plants that the pipings have been taken from, because it seldom happens that the pipings taken from run or degenerated flowers, produce any thing but run flowers, and consequently not worth preserving. The layers and pipings of the most beautifully variegated flowers will frequently produce run blossoms, but it is impossible to prevent this, especially amongst the rich high-coloured sorts, when they grow in a rich compost. Hogg begins sooner to put in pipings than putting down the layers, before the shoots get hard and woody ; he begins about the 1st of July. Plants raised from pipings are much sounder than those raised from layers, but still as layering is the surest mode he only makes pipings of such shoots as appear crowded, or too short, or too high up on the plant, to be laid easily. He plants them on a bed of dung blood warmth, in a compost of equal parts of maiden earth, leaf-mould, rotten horse dung, adding a portion of sand equal to a sixth of the mass, finely sifted together, tiiat the cuttings when stuck in may enter easily and without injury. The best glasses for pipings are those made of common window glass, 8 inches square and 6 inches deep, and the less air they contain the sooner will the cuttings strike root. If the weather proves dry and hot they will require to be watered occasionally with a fine rose early in the morning over the glasses, which for one fort- night at least need not be removed if they are doing well. After this the glasses may be taken off for half an hour occa- sionally in the morning, and dried before they are put on again, and if you find any of the pipings mildewed or rotten, pull them up. At the end of 6 weeks they will be sufficientfy rooted to be transplanted into small pots or a prepared bed, over which it would be adviseable to place a frame and lights for a week or ten days, till they take fresh root. There they may remain till the middle of September. In taking them up, if you find any not rooted, but sound, and their ends hard and callous, do not let them remain upon the same spot, but remove them to another bed, with a little temporary heat, and cover them with glasses as before ; this will not fail to start them, and hasten their fibring. Propagation by seed. Carnation-seed is rather diificidt to raise or ripen in this country, owing to die moisture and cold of the autumnal months. It is generally procured from Vienna, and diffrent towns of Switzerland, and if put in vials and well corked will kee|) for years. To raise it in this country Mad- dock gives the following directions. Those flowers which have few petals generally ))rodnce most seed, but they should be possessed of the best properties in other respects, viz. their petals should be large, broad, substantial, and perfectly entire at the edge, and their colours rich and regularly distributed, and in due proportion throughout the whole blossom. The plants should be selected from the rest, and their pots should stand upon a stage, defended against earwigs, in an open ])art of the garden, in which situation they should remain during bloom, and until the seed is perfectly matured ; their blossoms shouhl be defended against rain, by having glass paper or tin covers suspended over them in such a manner as to admit the free cir- culation of the air ; the pots should neither be kept very wet nor very dry ; nor will it be proper to cut or mutilate the plants either for their layers or for pipings, till the seed becomes ripe, because it would certainly weaken them, and consequently in- jure, if not destroy their seed. When the bloom is over, and the petals become withered and dry, they should be care- fully drawn out of the pod or calyx, being apt to retain a degree of moisture at their base, engendering a mouldiness or decay in that part, which will destroy the seed. There is another me- thod adopted successfully in ripening seed, which is, when the petals begin to decay, tiiey are to be taken out as above, taking care to leave the two styles ; the calyx is then to be carefully shortened, and an aperture made on one side of the remainder, so that no water can possibly get between the capsule and the calyx ; but this must be performed with great care, not to in- jure the capsule. It is best to allow the open side of the calyx to incline a liitle down, so as to prevent moisture from enter- ing. The seeds ripen in August ; this may be known by the capsule turning brown, or the seed black, or of a dark-brown colour, but if gathered before it is perfectly ripe, the greatest part proves small, pale-coloured, and improductive. When gathered it should remain in the capsule till the middle of May in the next year ; it is then to be sown in pots filled with the compost, and have a httle fine mould sifted upon it, barely suf- ficient to cover the seed ; the pots should then be placed in an airy situation in the garden, be shaded from the heat of the sun, and kept moderately moist, but never very wet. As soon as the young plants have six leaves, and are about three inches high, they should be planted out on a bed of good rich garden mould at about 10 or 12 inches asunder, and be defended from excess of rain and severe frosts by mats on hoops, placed over the bed in the usual manner ; they will generally blow the following summer. Hogg's directions differ in nothing of importance from Maddock's. He says it often happens out of 200 blooming plants, you will not be able to get two pods of perfect seed. More seed was saved in the dry summer of 1818, than in any seven preceding years. Seedlings require two years to bloom, and the chance of getting a good new flower is reckoned as 1 to 100. If a florist raises G good new Carnations in his life time he is to be considered fortunate. Seed out of the same pod, he says, is rej)orted to produce flowers of all the different varieties, flakes, bizarres, &c. Emmerton experienced that seed from a scarlet flake will produce a scarlet-bizarre and a rose or pink flake. Soil. — Hogg takes three barrows of loam, one and a half of garden mould, ten ditto of horse-dung, one ditto of coarse sand; let these be mixed and tlirown together in a heap, and turned two or three times in the winter, particularly in frosty weather, that it may be well incor])orated. On a dry day towards the end of November, he takes a barrow full of fresh liine, which, as soon as it is slacked, he strews over while hot in turning the hea]) ; this accelerates the rotting of the fibrous particles of the loam, lightens the soil, and destroys the grub-worms and 390 CARYOPHYLLEiE. III. Diastuis. sillies. If tlierc has been mucli rain (luring tlie winter, so tliat the streniftli of the compost is rechiced, and tlie salt washed from it, he takes about seven pounds of damaged salt, and adds it to it, either dissolved in water or strewed over with the hand ; this he fmds to be attended with the most beneficial result upon the future health and vigour of the plants. During very heavy rains many florists cover their compost with tarpaulin or double mats, to prevent the nutritious particles from l)eing washed out ; this is also an excellent precaution. This compost is allowed to lie at least six months before it is used. For flowers that are apt to sport in colour, and yellow picotees, he lowers the compost, and uses three barrows of sound sta])le loam, two ditto old rotten cow-diini;, one ditto horse-dung, a iialf ditto sand, a half ditto lime rubbish, to be prepared and well incorporated as be- fore.— Hogg's Trealisc, &c. p. 15. IMaddock"s compost (Florist Direct.) is as follows : — one-half rotten horse-dung, one year old, one-tliird fresh sound loam, one- sixih coarse sea or river sand. Tliese ingredients are to be mixed together in autumn, laid in a heap about three feet thick, turned three or four times during winter, and in frosty weather it should be laid sulliciently thin, in order that the whole mass may be thorouglily frozen, this will be fit for use tlic following spring ; the earth and sand may be added to it in March, the whole should then be well mixed. Where the air is i)ure, experience has ]>ointed out the propriety of using less dung and more loam, therefore the quantity of sand, loatn, and dung should in this case be reversed. Pots and potting. — The select kinds are always grown in j)ots. Maddock uses pots 12 ineiies wide at the top, G inches at the bottom and 10 inches deep, witli a hole at the l)ottoni an inch in circumference, also three or four smaller holes round the sides at the bottom, to prevent the possibility of water lodging in the pot. Hogg uses pots rather smaller than those recom- mended by Maddock, 1^ or IG to the cast. Potting should commence about the middle of March, but it should never be deferred later than the end of the month : this is to be done in the common way of potting, but the earth should be much more raised at the edges of the pots than in the centre. It is neces- sary in the repotting tlie plants that they neither should be planted deeper nor shallower than they were l)efore, within an inch of the top of the pot, this is necessary for the purpose of laying, as they will then require additional mould. Hogg con- siders the first week in April the safest and best time to pot Cunial'ions. Ouicral culture. — When the plants are potted off for bloom, the pots sboidd be placed in an open airy part of the garden, under an arch of hoops, that in case of cold drying winds, heavy rains or frosty nights, mats may be thrown over to preserve them from such mifavourable weather; but in this situation they are always to remain open, except in the cases above mentioned, and to be kept regid.-uly watered with soft water from a fine rose watering-pot. When their flower-stems are grown 8 or 10 inches high it will be necessary to sujiport them with sticks, to which the stems are to be loosely tied with twisted pieces of bass-mat ; this should be carefully looked after, as the stems are extremely brittle and apt to be broken by the wind. When the stems have grown about a foot and a half high, the plants should be removed to the stages, there to remain till they flower. If any small green winged insects appear on the plants, they nmst be effectually extirpated, cither by means of a small soft brush or feather, by the application of a strong infusion of tobacco-water, or some similar easy and safe expedient ; even Scotch snuff, dusted upon the infested parts early in the morn- ing, while the plants are wet with the dew of the night, has been sometimes tried in this case with success. The calyx of many sorts are apt to burst on one side, if not timely prexented, and totally destroy that compact graceful circular form which a ]K'rfect flower ought to possess; but this may be entirely prevented by fastening a small, narrow slip of bladder round the middle of the calyx, where it is most swelled, and ap])ears to have the greatest inclination to burst ; these slips should laj) over at the ends and be fixed by a little gum-water. Small slips of bass-mat, tied with a single knot, will answer nearly as well. When any of the flowers open, such should be shaded both from sun and rain by means of paper covers, about 12 inches in diameter, painted white or green, and formed like an umbrella ; each should have a tin tube in the centre, that will ])ermit the stick to which the stem is lied to pass through it as far as is necessary. But when the major jiart are in bloom a cloth awning should be placed over the whole, and be drawn up or let down in the same manner and on the same occasions as for the bloom of hyacinths and tidips. As ear- wigs are very destructive to the flowers of Cariiatiims, it is neces- sary to have a reservoir of water round the stages in order to pre- vent them, at all events the ])lants should be fre(|uently examined. Those who are particularly curious in blowing their car- nations, carefully extract such j)etals as are plain or run from their true colours ; they perform this by means of an in- strument adapted to the jiurpose, and with the same arrange the remaining petals so as to supply the defect ; in like manner they dispose the whole with such regularity, that the flowers appear to have an equal distribution of beautiful petals; and if the blossoms consist of too many petals, they extract the smaller ones, and thereby aflbrd the others more room to expand. Four or five plants in a pot have always a more elegant a])pearance than one or two, and seldom more than tour or five blossoms should be allowed to expand on the same plant ; the smaller buds shoidd be jjicked oil". Canialloiis are to be treated in winter much like auriculas ; they are seldom injured by a moderate dry frost, though it is safer to defend them from too much of it ; but it is necessary to caution :igainst covering up too close when the plants are wet, as they are apt in that state to contract a destructive mil- dew, if they have not the benefit of a free circulation of air ; this mildew makes its first appearance in jjurple spots on the foliage, which can only be cured or prevented from spreading amongst the adjacent plants by cutting of the infected parts, or removing the plants so diseased. It is necessary to defend the plants from excessive rain in winter and autnnm, for it is safer at this season to keep them rather too dry than too moist, but a moderate degree of moisture is always to be preferred, ex- cept when the weather is severely frosty. As, too long a de- privation from light is at all times prejudicial to plants, whenever the winter repository is required to be closely covered up with mats for several days and nights, no op])ortunity sliould be lost during the middle of the d.iy, if the siu» shines, to lake off the mats in front of the glasses. When the pots become greeti with moss on the top, or too compact, it will be projjcr to stir it iqi carefully about half an inch deep, and sprinkle a little coarse dry sand upon it, this will be of great service to the plants and may be re))eated as often as necessary. In spring, before the potting conunences, the pots will probably require to be freqiuntly watered. Hogg gives a top dressing to his bloom- ing plants about the middle of .lune, with about half an inch of rotten horse-dung, passed through a sieve, which he finds mate- rially to assist the plants, aiul ))romote the growth of the shoots for layers. He waters freely while the flower-buds are swelling, and during the whole time they are in blossom. As soon as the side shoots appear, a paper collar is put round the bottom of the blossom to support it. These collars are made of white card paper, of the form of a circle, 3 or 1 inches in diameter. CARYOPHYLLE.E. III. Diantius. 391 with a hole in the centre just large enough to admit the calyx without much compressing, and with a cut extending frovn the centre to the outside. On these cards the flower is preserved in shape and form a long time, on these the petals are also finely disposed, and the beauty of the Carnation displayed to great advantage. AVhen placed on the stage they should have the benefit of the morning sun till about 9 o'clock, according to the intense heat of its rays ; the same in the evening, with as much open expo- sure to the air at all times, as may be allowed without injury to the bloom. In winter Hogg preserves them in frames, in the same manner as he recommends for auriculas. When he has more plants than he can blow in pots, he plants them in beds of the same compost used for the others, protecting them from severe frosts and heavy rains, and in other respects treating them in the same manner as if in pots. — Hogg's Treatise. Criterion of a Jine double Carnation. — The stem should be strong, tall, and straight ; not less than 30 inches or more than i5 inches high ; the footstalks supporting the flowers should be strong, elastic, and of a proportionate length. The flower should be at least 3 inches in diameter, consisting of a great number of large, well-formed petals, but neither so many as to give it too full and crowded an appearance, nor so few as to make it appear thin and empty. The petals sliould be long, broad, and substantial, particularly those of the lower or outer circle, commonly called the guard leaves, these should rise per- pendicular about half an inch .above the calyx, and then turn off" gracefully in an horizontal direction, supporting the interior petals, and altogether forming a convex and nearly hemisphe- rical corolla. The interior petals should rather decrease in size as they approach the centre of the flower, which should be well filled with them. The petals shoidd be regularly disposed alike on every side, imbricating each other in such a manner as that both their respective and united beauties may captivate the eye at the same instant ; they should be nearly flat, however, a small degree of concavity or inflection at the broad end is allowable, but their edges should be perfectly entire, that is to say, free from fringe or indenture. The calyx should be at least one inch in length, terminating in broad points sufficiently strong to hold the narrow bases of the petals, in a close and circular body. Whatever colours the flowers may be possessed of, they should be perfectly distinct, and disposed in long, regular stripes, broadest at the edge of the lamina, and gradually becoming narrower as they approach the unguis or base of the petal, there terminating in a fine point. Each petal should have a due proportion of white ; i. e. one half or nearly so, which should be perfectly clear and free from spots. Clove Pink, Carnation, and Picotee. Fl. June, Aug. England. PI. 1 to 3 feet. 53 D. svlve'stris (Jacq. coll. 1. p. 237. icon. rar. t. 82.) stem branched or simple ; flowers solitary ; calycine scales 4, very short, ovate, outer ones acute, inner ones bluntish ; petals very broad, beardless, toothed ; leaves crowded, awl- shaped, stiff". 1/ . H. Native on the Alps of Jura on rocks and among stones. D. virgineus, .Sims. hot. mag. t. 1740. but not of Lin. Perhaps this plant is the type of D. carijophijllus. Stem bearing one or many flowers. Flowers deep red, scent- less. Wild Pink. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1732. PI. I to 1 foot. 54 D. loxgicau'lis (Tenore, cat. 1819. p. 76.) stem p.anicled, many-flowered, tufted ; flowers solitary ; calycine scales ovate, all emarginate, cuspidate ; leaves linear-lanceolate, tliickish, glaucous. l^.H. Native near Naples. Flowers red? Long-stemmed Pink. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. PL 1 to 2 ft. 55 D. gr.\ndiel6rus (Poir. diet. 4. p. 514.) stem? flowers somewhat aggregate ; bracteas ovate, acute, one-half shorter than the tube. %.W. Native of .Spain. Flowers red ? This plant ouglit perhaps to be placed near D. corymhusus. Great-fumered Pink. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 1 foot. 50 Monade'li'iius (Vent. hort. eels. t. 39.) glaucous ; stem panicled ; flowers solitary ; calycine scales 4, lanceolate, rather pungent, spreading, shorter than the tube. % . H. Native of the Levant. D. prociimbens, Pers. ench. 1. p. 494. Calyx tapering. Ovary stipitate. Petals white, under surface cine- reous, with purple margins. Filaments united at the base. Monadc/plwus Vuik. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. PI. 1 ft. 57 D. Burche'h.11 (Ser. niss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 359.) stem branched ; flowers solitary ; calycine scales 4, ovate-lan- ceolate, very short, somewhat mucronate ; petals deeply serrated? leaves linear, awl-shaped, striated ; lower ones very nimierous and very long, those of the stems and branches are very short, and scale-formed. 1/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burcli. cat. pi. afr. aust. no. 2456. Flowers white. BurchclVs Pink. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 58 D. emargina'tus (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 359.) stems tufted ? 1 or 2-flowered ; calycine scales very blunt and very broad ; calyx short, striated, with bluntish lobes ; petals emarginate, small, inside white, outside purple ; lower leaves numerous, linear, flat, serrated. %, H. Native about Asty- palea. Emarginaie-]}eta\\eA Pink. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 4 to |^ foot. 53 D. Libosciiitzia'nus (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 360.) stem generally 1-2-flowered, glabrous ; calycine scales 4, ovate, acuminate, a little shorter than the tube ; leaves straight, awl-shaped, with scabrous margins. 1/ . H. Native on rocks in Armenia and Iberia. D. petrse'us, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 328. siippl. p. 300. but not of Waldst. and Kit. D. bracteatus, herb. Willd. ex Steven. There is a variety having the calycine scales almost one-half shorter than the tube. Flowers rose-coloured, beardless, about tlie size of the clove. Liboschitzs Vmli. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PL Koot. 60 D. sylva'ticus (Hoppe, in Willd. enum. 467.) stem pa- nicled ? flowers solitary or somewhat corymbose ; calycine scales ovate-lanceolate, shorter than the tube ; leaves linear-lanceolate, obsoletely 3-nerved, glabrous ; petals doubly toothed. %.Yi. Native at Ratisbon. Flowers red? Wood Pink. FL June, Sept. Clt. 1815. PI. 1 foot. 61 D. ciNNAMOMEUs (Sibtli. and Smith, fl. graec. t. 400. prod. 1. p. 287.) stem panicled or simple, branches 1-flowered ; calycine scales 4, rhomboid, very blunt and very short ; petals emarginate, toothed ; leaves lax, bluntish. %. H. Native on heaths in Laconia, Asia Minor, Cyprus, and about Constanti- nople. Petals beardless, white or flesh-coloured above, but of a red or dark cinnamon colour beneath. C(H«nwio»-coloured Pink. Fl. June, Aug. PL 1 foot. 62 D. pomeridia'nus (Lin. spec. 1673.) stem branched ; flowers solitary ; calycine scales ovate, acute, very short ; petals emarginate or entire. %. H. Native of Palestine, Smith, in Lin. soc. trans. 2. p. 300. Sal. par. lond. 57. D. tricolor, Adam. Fisch. Petals pale yellow, with revolute sides, le.ad-coloured on the under surface. The flowers of this plant, as well as the following, opens at mid-day and closes about 10 at night. 4/'/f r«; OH-flowering Pink. FL June, Aug. Clt. 1804. PL 1 foot. 63 D. leptope'talus (Willd. enum. 468.) stem branched ; flowers solitary ; calycine scales 4, ovate, acute, very short, a little awned, 2 outer ones very small ; petals lanceolate, narrow, with entire revolute sides, sometimes a little 3-toothed ; leaves awl-shaped, roughish. %.Yl. Native of Caucasus. Sims, hot. mag. t. 1739. D. pomeridianus, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 329. but not of Lin. D. cretaceus, Adam. Petals white on the upper sur- ;J9'2 ( .\RY0PIIVI,I,F..T;. hi. Diantius. face, but lead-coloured on tlio under surface, snuietimes entire and acutisli. Perhaps a varielv of I>. puiiicritliiiniis. Stc»,lcr-}>ctall, (I Vmk. M. Jul. Auf;. Clt. 1814. PI. 1 ft. f)4 U. i'u'noens (Lin. inant. p. 240.) stem few-flowered; flowers solitary ; calycine scales very short, nuicronafe, spread- ing ; tube of calyx gibbous ; ])etals entire ; leaves tufted, awl- shaped. 11 . n. Native of Spain by the sea-coast. Flowers pink or white. ynr. /3, Hispanicus (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 3C0.) calycine scales ovate ; petals linear, very entire. Asso, syn. no. 371 . t. 3. Dufour, ann. gen. 7. p. 309. Flowers pink. PungoiMcaved Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1781. PI. J to 1 foot. C5 D. nivAiiiCATUs (D'Urv. enum. pi. arcliip. p. 46.) stem liranchcd, divaricating; branches very long, straight, 1-flowered; calycine scales 4, ovate-lanceolate, very acute, with niemV)ra- naccous margins, almost equalling in length the calyx ; calyx coni- cal, striated, with the stripes granidarly-dottcd ; petals acutely- toothed ; leaves very narrow, flaccid. $. H. Native of the island of Same. Flowers pale purj)le, but green on the out- side. /;ii-«)i>n^'-branched Pink. Fl. July, August. Clt. 1822. PI. I to 1 foot. 66 D. Bi'coLOR (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 329.) stem panicled, flowers solitary; calycine scales 4, very short, almost orbicvdar, inucronulafed ; petals dilated ; leaves awl-shaped, lower ones tomentose. 1/. II. Native of Tauiia in arid fields. D. sax- iitilis. Pall. ined. taur. .'stature and size of flowers like tliose of D. ciiri/op/iijlliis Petals white above and lead-coloured beneath. Calycine scales truncate, nnicronate. I'ar. fl, minor (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. .'3G1.) leaves shorter ; flowers smaller; calyx shorter and more turgid at the base, "ilr- H- Native of the south of Taiiria in stony places. 7Vo-co/((Mrc(/-flowered Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 67 D. iNTr'oER (Vis. in hot. Zeit. 1828.) smooth; stem prostrate, difl'use; branches ascending, 1-flowcred; leaves linear, flat, with scabrous margins ; calycine scales 4, broad-ovate, tni- equally awned ; petals obovate, entire, beardless, short. IJ . H. Native of Dalmatia. Flowers small, white. Calyx dark-purple ; stems decumbent, and nearly creeping. /,'n<(Vc-petallcd Pink. Fl. July. PI. decumbent. 68 D. RACEMosus (Vis. 1. c.) smooth, root woody; stem irect, simple ; leaves linear, stifl", acute, channelled with sca- brous margins ; flowers solitary or in fascicles, loosely race- mose, secund, lower ones stalked, upper ones sessile; ca- lycine scales in a triple series, imbricate, lanceolate, acuminated, nerved, with scarious margins ; jietals ol)ovate, beardless, en- tire. %. H. Native of Dalmatia. Flowers rose-coloured, hardly sweet-scented. y?accwi04(-flowered Pink. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 1 foot. 69 D. furca'tus (Ball), act. acad. taur. 7. p. 12. f. 2. but not of Horn.) stem smooth, dichotomously-branched, 2-4-flowcred ; flowers solitary; peduncles distant from each other; calycine scales opposite, generally twin, much shorter than the tube. ■y.H. Native of Piedmont near Tenda. D. gcminiflorus, Lois. fl. gall. p. 725 ? Flowers flesh-coloured. /■'oricfZ-stenimed Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. 4 to 1 foot. 70 D. viROiKEUS (Lin. spec. 590.) stem generally 1 or few- flowered ; calycine scales very short and very blunt, twin, distant; petals crenated ; leaves tufted, linear, stiff', serrulated. %. H. Native abo\it Montpelier. D. rupestris, Lin. fd. suppl. p. 240. D. pungens, Poir. diet. 4. p. 526.-1)111. elth. 401. p. 298. t. 385 ? Flowers red or blood-coloured. I'ar. fl, subacauUs (Ser, mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 361.) stems tufted, very short, 1-flowcred ; leaves and calycine scales short. 1/. H. Native of Mount Vcntoso on rocks. I), subacaiilis, Vill. delph. 3. p. j97. Lois, not p. 66. t. 6. f. 1. I'irgiu Pink. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. ^ to 1 foot. 71 I), cilia'tvs (Cuss. pi. rar. p. 168. t. 33.) stem erect, a little branched at the top; leaves nerveless, with ciliately-serru- lated margins; flowers solitary ; peduncles biftd ; calycine scales 6, pressed, acuminately-awned, about one half shorter than the calyx ; petals smooth, obovate, entire, or obsoletely-loothed. Tl-ll. Native on arid chalky hills at the bottoms of the moun- tains in South Abruzzo. Plant hardly glaucous. Stem rather pubescent. Flowers of a red1. 1 f.ioi. 75 D. margina'tus (Poir. sujjpl. 4. p. 131.) stem branched : flowers solitary ; calycine scales acute, unequal, shorter than calyx; leaves linear, marginated. 7/. H. Native on Mount Jura. Very near D. tiilidus. Scales of calyx marginated. Flowers white. Margim,lcd-\eavcd V\n\i. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. ^ to J ft. 76 D. crexa'ti's (Thunb. prod. 81.) stem branched ; flowers solitary ; calycine scales 6, lanceolate, cuspidate, pressed to the calyx ; petals glabrous, ol)nvate, fringed ; daws of petals longer than calyx; leaves linear-acnn)inated, channelled. l^.G. Na- tive of tlie Cape of Good Hope. Ker. bot. reg. 256. Flowers white. Calyx long-tubular. fVcHfl/frf-petalled Pink. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. lto3ft. 77 I). Sterniie'roii (Sibth. ex cat. hort. taur. 1821. p. 24.) stems generallv 2-flowered ; calycine scales 4, ovate, acute, pressed, one-half shorter than the tube ; petals wedge-shaped, serrated, pubescent ; leaves linear. 1/ . H. Flowers red. Shnibcrfi's Pink. Fl. Jimc, Jidy. Clt. ? PI. 1 foot. 78 1). BiFLORis (Smith, fl. grace, t. 393.) flowers in pairs ; calycine scales 4, cuneated, very obtuse, awned, spreading, shorter than the calyx; leaves linear, 3-nervcd. %• H. Native on CARVOPHYLLE.E. III. Diantiius. 393 Mount Delphi Eiiboca. Flowers rose-coloured above and rather hairy, but smooth and cream-coloured beneath. Tivo-floivercd Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PI. J loot. 79 D. Ibe'ricus (Willd. enum. suppl. p. !34.) stem smooth ; leaves roughish ; calycine scales spreading, with lanceolate points ; petals pubescent. 1/ . H. Native of Iberia. D. Willdenovii, Link. enum. 1. p. 420. Stem few-flowered. Brac- teas spreading, a little shorter than the calyx. Flowers purple. IberianVmk. Fl. Jime, July. Clt. 1817. PI. § foot. 80 D. triphncta'tus (Sibtli. and Smith, fl. graec. t. 398. prod. 1. p. 286.) stem spreading, many-flowered ; flowers soli- tary ; calycine scales scarious, finely awned, a little shorter than the tube. ^. H. Native of the island of Cyprus. Flowers rose-coloured, palest beneath, with 3 dark short lines at the base of each petal. Thrcc-spotted-^el&WeA Pink. Fl. July. PI. 1 foot. 81 D. Hornema'nni (Ser. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 262.) pe- duncles bifid, terminal ; calycine scales lanceolate-cuspidate, erect, shorter than the tube ; petals cut ; leaves linear, nerved, with serrulated, scabrous margins. 1/ . H. Native of Italy and at Trieste. D. furcatus, Horn, liafn. suppl. p. 47. but not of Balb. Flowers red. HornemannsVmk. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1818. PI. i to 1 ft. 82 D. ri'gidus (Bieb. fl. taur. 1 . p. 325. suppl. p. 298.) stems tufted, suffruticose, few-flowered ; flowers solitary ; calycine scales 4, ovate, acute, short ; leaves awl-shaped, spreading, covered with rough pubescence. %. H. Native of Tauria on sandy hills near Sarepta. Stem woody, distorted. Flowers pale rose- coloured. Rigid Pink. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1802. PI. f to 1 foot. * * Stem I -Jlorvered . Petals tvotlied or crenatc. 83 D. sERRATiFOLius (Sibth. and Smith, fl. grsec. t. 402. prod. 1. p. 287.) stems 1-flovvered, woody at the base; caly- cine scales 4 ; petals deeply toothed, beardless ; leaves serrated, pungent. %. H. Native on Mount Hymettus near Athens. Flowers small, flesh-coloured above and ash-coloured beneath. San-leaved Pink. Fl. June, Aug. PI. | foot. 84 D. clava'tus (Spreng. neue. entd. 2. p. 169.) stem 1- flowered ; calycine scales twin, ovate, rather acute, very short, spreading ; calyx narrowed in the middle ; petals crenated, naked ; leaves linear, channelled, with i-oughish margins. 1/ . H. Native? Perhaps D. caesius. (Spreng.) Perhaps D. plimia- rius (Ser.). Flowers flesh-coloured? C/ara/e-calyxed Pink. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. ? PI. 1 foot. 85 D. gra'cilis (Sibth. and Smith, fl. grace, t. 404.) stem 1 -flowered ; calycine scales generally 6, mucronate ; petals cre- nated, bearded ; leaves acuminated, with scabrous margins. %. H. Native of Moimt Athos in Greece. Flowers rose-co- loured. Slender Pink. Fl. June, Aug. PI. 1 to IJ foot. 86 D. micrope'talus (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 359.) stems tufted, 1 -flowered; calycine scales 4, ovate -lanceolate, mucronulate, one-half shorter than the striated calyx ; teeth of calyx ciliated ; petals very short, toothed ; radical leaves small, awl-shaped, ciliary toothed, cauline ones scale-formed, i; . G. Native of South Africa. Leaves like those of Plautago subu- lata. Calyx like that of Z>. carijophijlhis. Burch, cat. pi. afr. aust.no. 1851. Flowers pale red or white. Small-petaUed Pink. PI. | foot. 87 D. cx'sius (Smith in Lin. soc. trans. 2. p. 302. engl. bot. t. 62.) stem tufted, generally l-flow^red ; calycine scales 4, round- ish, short ; petals crenated, pubescent ; leaves short, with sca- brous margins. ■}/ . H. Native of Jura, and several other parts of Europe on rocky mountains. In England on dry lime- stone rocks, but rare, particularly on the abrupt precipices of VOL. I. — pari v. Chedder rocks, Somersetshire. D. pulchellus, Pers. eneh. J. p. 495. I). ciL'spitosus, Lam. diet. 4. p. 525. D. glaiicus, Huds. ang. p. 185.— Dill. elth. p. 401. t. 298. f. 385. and referable to D. nitidus, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 131 ? Plant very glaucous. Flowers of a delicate rose-colour, very fragrant. There are evidently two or three species in the gardens under the name of D. cce'siiis, the most common is with simple serrate petals, but the British |ilant has them doubly crenate. Grey Chedder or Mountain Pink. Fl. June, July. England. PI. 1 to i foot. 88 D. ALPiNus (Lin. spec. 590.) stem leafy, 1 -flowered ; outer calycine scales 2, about equal in length or shorter tlian the t\djc ; petals crenated ; leaves oblong-linear, obtuse, green. 1/. H. Native of Styria and Austria. Sims, l)ot. mag. 1205. Jacq. fl. austr. t. 52. D. glacialis var. y, latif olius, D. C. prod. 1. p. 362.— Clus. hist. 1. p. 283. f. 1. Flowers large, red, or rose-coloured, pale beneath, scentless. ^/;;;He Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. PI. | foot. 89 D. glaci.\'lis (Haenk. in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 84.) stems erect, tufted, short, generally 1 -flowered ; calycine scales 2, elon- gated, equal in length with the tube or exceeding it ; calyx striated ; ))etals serrated ; leaves linear, acute, serrulated, green. %. H. Native of the mountains of Provence and Dauphiny. D. alpinus, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 746. var. /3, Willd. D. neglectus, Lois. not. 65 ? Flowers small, purple, scentless. far. ft, acaiilis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 862.) stem very short. Native of mount Cenis. Ay Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. i foot. 90 D. rk'pens (Willd. spec. 2. p. 681.) stems procumbent at the base, but erect at the top, 1-flowered; calycine scales twin, ovate, acuminated, spreading nearly the length of the tube ; petals toothed, bearded ; root perpendicular. 1/ . H. Native of Siberia and Eschscholtz Bay. Like D. glacialis, Hsenke, but the habit is more loose, and the leaves less fleshy. Crecjiing Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PI. i foot. 91 D. e'legans (D. Urv. enum. pi. arch. p. 46. no. 875.) stem erect, straight, 1-flowered; calycine scales ovate, mucro- nate, equal in length to the middle of the tube ; calyx striated, with blunt rather membranaceous lobes ; petals toothed ; leaves linear acute, very long, striated, and very entire. IJ. . H. Na- tive of the island of Cos. Flowers white ? Elegant Pink. Fl. June, July. PI. § foot. 92 D. multipuncta'tus (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 362.) stems erect, straight, generally 1-flowered, elongated; calycine scales ovate, with long points and membranaceous mar- gins, equal in length to the tube ; calyx punctately warted, with nerved segments ; petals spotted, bearded, 3-5-toothed; leaves linear, acute, entire, very long. 1/ . H. Native of the island of Cos by road sides. Maiiij-dotted-pelaWed Pink. Fl. June, July. PI. | to 1 foot. 93 D. pu'milus (Vahl. synib. 1. p. 32.) tufted; scape short, 1-flovvered; leaves linear, acute, smooth; calycine scales 6, oblong, acuminated, outer ones shortest. 1^. 11. Native of Arabia Felix. D. uniflorus, Forsk. cat. pi. arab. p. 111. no. 284. Calyx glabrous, striated. Flowers rose-coloured ? DnarfVmk. Fl. June, July. PI. i foot. 94 D. leicoph;e'us (Sibth. and Smith, fl. grsec. t. 405.) stem 1-flowcred; calycine scales 4; petals tridentate, beard- less : leaves ovate-lanceolate, 5-nerved at the base. 1/ . H. Native on the summit of Mount Olympus, in Bithynia. Flowers white above and rusty beneath. A small tufted plant, woody at the neck. Calycine scales mucronate, shorter than the tube. Il'/iile-hroniiV'mk. Fl. June, July. PI. i foot. 95 D. pniiPUREUs (Lam. diet. 4. p. 523. ill. t. 376. f. 2.) stem generally 1-flowered ; calycine scales broad, acute, one- half shorter than the tube ; petals almost entire ; leaves linear, 3 E :idi CARYOPHYLLE.E. III. Diaktiiis. acute, i,'laiico\is, rather ciliated. H.-ll. Native? Calyx ample, sliort. I'loivers purple. /'Mryj/f-riowcred Pink. Fl. June, July. PI. § foot. 9G D. sTRi'cTLS (Smith, fl. gra-c. t. 403.) stem 1 -flowered ; calycine seal, s 4, short ; petals creuate, beardless ; leaves flat, liluntisli, with scabrous niari;ins. 11 . H. Native of Mount Athos. Flowers small, white, ratlier flesh-coloured in the disk. .S7/aig^/i/-stemined Pink. Fl. June, Jtdy. PI. i to 1 foot. 97 D. sc.\ BER (Thunb. prod. p. 81. but not of Schleich.) stem 1 -flowered, pubescent; calycine scales 4, lanceolate, shorter than the tube ; petals entire or crenate ; leaves trique- trous, villous, serrulated ? It . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers while or pinkish. Scabrpus Pink. Fl. June, July. PI. 4 foot. 98 D. c.ESPiTosus (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 81.) stems 1-flowered; calycine scales 4, lanceolate; jjetals entire ; leaves triquetrous. 7/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 'I'll/led Pink. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ to ^ foot. § 2. Petals fringed, or very deeply fringe-toothed. • Stem simple, \-flon-ered. 9!) D. Ga'llicus (Pers. ench. 1. p. 495.) stems ascending, generally 1-flowered: calycine scales short, ovate, somewhat mucronate ; j)etals dentately-multifid ; leaves linear, somewhat ciliated, li . II. Native of the south of France in sandy places. D. areiu'irius, D. C. syn. no. 4.'i,'5. icon. Gall. rar. p. 11-. t. 41. b\it not of I, in. Flowers white, livid at the base, /■•/rm /, Pink. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. ; PI. J foot. 100 I). sua\is (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 24. -Spreng. neue cntd. 2. p. 168.) stem generally 1-flowered; calycine scales 4, acute, short ; petals beanled, doubly and deeply serrated ; leaves linear, spreading, glaucous. l/.Il. Native of? Flowers pink, sweet-scented. Dianthus ca!~sius, Smith in Lin. trans, vol. 2.? Sn'evt Pink. Fl. June, Jidy. PI. -i foot. 101 D. TK'NF.R (Ball), act. acad. taiir. 7. p. 13. t. 3.) stem 1- flowcred ; petals fringed, glabrous ; calycine scales 4, lanceo- late-linear, a little shorter than the tube. 1/. II. Native of Tenda, on the margins of fields. Flowers red. Tender Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI. i to ', foot. 102 U. SQfARRosis (Biel). 11. taur. 1. p. .'i.'H. sup])l. p. 302. cent. 1. t. 33.) stems generally 1-flowered; calycine scales ovate, acute, very short ; petals nuiltifid ; leaves awl-sha])ed, channelled, stiff", short, recurved. 1/ . H. Native of Tauria on hills in the colony of .Sarejjta. D. arenarius. Pall. itin. 3. p. GOO. Flowers like those of D. pluviarius, but the calyx is longer. Petals white, finely jagged. Hfjiiarrim Pink. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 4 foot. 103 D. MussiNi (Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 408.) stems gene- rally 1 -flowered, proeiniibent ; calycine scales oval, mucronate, llirice shorter than the tube ; ])etals midtifid, beardless ; leaves awl-shaped, reflexed. ■y.. H. Native of Caucasus. Flowers white. Mussin- Piiski n' s Vmk. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. ^ ft. 104 D. FRAORANS (Hieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 331. suppl. p. 301.) stems generally 1-flowered; calycine scales G, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, shorter than the tube ; petals semi-multilid, beard- less ; leaves awl-shaped, with roughish margins. 1/ . H. Native of subalpine situations in Caucasus. .Sims, bot. mag. 20G7 ? D.multifidus, Willd. herb, ex Steven, inlitt. Leaves long, very narrow. Calyx long. Petals white, suffused with purple. Segments of calyx narrow, .acute. Fragrant Pink. Fl. Julv, Sept. Clt. 1804. PI. ^ to | foot. 105 D. SEUOTINLS (Wak'lst. ct Kit. hung. 2. p. 188. t. 172.) stems generally 1-flowered; calycine scales G, somewhat ovate, bluntish, four limes shorter than the calyx ; jjelals midtifid, almost naked; leaves awl-shaped, glaucous, ciliated. %. II. Native of Hiuigary. D. arenarius. Towns, itin. Iiung. 3. p. 488. t. IG. D. ])liiuiarius /', Wahl. fl. carp. p. 126. Flowers pur- plish or while. Z,a/c-flowcring Pink. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1804. PI. | to 1 ft. lOG D. Si'renge'lii ; stein 1-flowered; calycine scales ovate, cuspidate, 3 times shorter than the tube of the calyx ; petals fringed, somewhat bearded ; leaves linear, smooth. "H.W. Na- tive of the south of (iermany. D. alpestris, Slernb. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 381. Flowers while. AlpVxnk. Fl. June, July. Clt. PI. 4 foot. 107 D. PETRAi'Ds (Waldsl. ct Kit. hung. 3. t. 222.) stem usually 1-flowered; calycine scales obovate, mucronate ; petals beardless, multifid ; leaves awl-shaped, entire, glabrous, nerved. ■J/. H. Native of Hungary. Flowers white, usually with a dark circle. I'ar. ji ; flowers larger; pet.ils deflcxed. %, H. D. pe- tra; us, Sims, bot. mag. 1201. Flowers whitish. Roc/i Pink. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1804. PI. ^ foot. 108 D. arena' ail's (Lin. spec. 589.) stems generally 1- flowered ; calycine scales ovate, obtuse ; petals multifid ; leaves linear. 1/ . H. Native of the colder ])arts of I%uroj)e in sandy places. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2038. Petals divided l)eyon(l the middle of the disk into very narrow lobes, furnished with a livid spot and pressed purple hairs at the base of each, the rest white. Perhaps a variety of D. phinu'irius. Sand Pink. Fl. May, Jidy. Clt. ? PI. i foot. 109 D. crini'tus (Smith in Lin. soc. trans. 2. p. 300. fl. graec. 401.) stem 1-flowered; calycine scales 4, oval, mucro- nate, somewhat diverging, three times shorter than the tube ; petals multifid, beardless, li. H. .Native of the licvant. \Villd. spec. 2. p. G78. Petals white, divided into capillary segments. A spreadinsj plant. //fljr-petalled Pink. Fl. July, Aug. PI. i foot. 110 l)..\RRo"sTii(Presl.exSpreng. syst. p. 1 7 9.) stems tufted, usually 1-flowered; calycine scales 4, emarginate, mucronate, 4 times shorter than the tube of the calyx ; petals fringe-tooth- ed, beardless ; leaves linear, channelled, glaucescent, stifl", serru- lated. 1/ . H. Native of Sicily. Arrost's Pink. Fl. June, July. PI. J foot. * * Stems branched. Flowers solitary, aggregate, or paniclcd. 111 D. suave'olens (Spreng. nov. prov. 16.) stem erect, smooth ; flowers somewhat corymbose ; calycine scales ovate- lanceolate, acute, adpressed, shorter than the calyx ; petals multifid, bearded, spotted ; leaves linear-lanceolate, glaucous, nerveless, with scabrous margins. }/.H. Native? Received under the name of D. Chinensis. Flowers white, spotted with purple ? Sn'cet -scented Pink. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. ^ to | ft. 1 12 D. Si'cuLUS (Prcsl. ex Spreng. syst. p. 179.) stem tufted, few-flowered ; calycine scales about G, obovate, nmcronate, 3 times shorter than the tidie of the calyx ; j)etals fringe-toothed ; leaves linear, channelled, ciliately-scabrous, glaucous. % • H. Native of Sicily. I'lowers pale red. ,S.c;/;«« Pink. Fl. Jime,July. Clt. 1828. PI. | foot. 113 D. ALUENs (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 90. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 8.) stems branched ; flowers solitary ; calycine scales 4, lanceolate, short ; petals emarginate. T^.G. Native of the Cape of Ciood Hope. Dill'erijig from 1). dclloidex, in the petals being hardly erenated, and disliiule of the purjile circle. Leaves very narrow, striated, and serrulati d. Calyx very long. Petals ovate, dentately fringed al the apex, white. Perhaps D. crena- tiis, Thunb. no. 7C. and D. IJiirchellii, Ser. no. 57. //7k/;.vA Pink. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1787. PI. 1 to 3 feet. 114 D. SEKRULATUS (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 846.) stem erect, CAUYOPHYLLE.E. III. Diantiiis. 395 few-Howcied ; leaves liiiear-lanceolatc, serrulated; peduncles 1- Howered ; outer calycine scales imbricated, ovate, acute, shorter than the inner ones and calyx ; petals fringed. 1/ . H. Native of Tunis in sand. Corolla pale rose-coloured, one-half smaller than those of D. lilumarhis. (De.«f ) Svrrulatcd-\t:a\cd Pink. Fl. June, Aug. PI. 1 foot. 115 D. PLUMA^Rius (Lin. spec. 589. hort. ups. 105. no. 4.) glaucous ; stem 2-3-flowered ; teeth of calyx obtuse ; calycine scales somewhat ovate, very short, mucronulate, close pressed ; petals jagged, mullifid, bearded, leaves linear, with scabrous margins. l/.H. Native of Europe ? D. diibius, Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 408 ? D. mosch^tus, hort. Par. D. plumarius is the type of the common garden Pink. In France it is called M/g- nardise. The flowers are either double or single, white, purple, spotted or variegated, and more or less fringed on the margins, sweet-scented. l^ar. /3, hortensis (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 3G3.) petals bearded in the throat. D. hortensis, Schrad. ex Willd. enum. p. 469. Jar. y, Portensis (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 3G3.) leaves smaller ; petals hardly fringed. D. Portensis, Libosch. ex herb. Balb. From D. pltmuiriiis spring all tlie varieties of the common garden pink. As a florist flower the Pink is of much less antiquity than the Carnation ; it is scarcely mentioned by Gerarde, and Parkinson gives very few varieties. It was chiefly grown as a border flower till within the last 50 years, since which it has been greatly improved, and many fine varieties originated. Being one of the hardiest and least expensive of fine flowers, it is much cultivated by operative mechanics and manufacturers round large towns, and no where to such an extent as at Paisley by the weavers there. Tlie varieties most cidtivated are chiefly those called Pheasants'-eyes. Cob Pinks are a large sort seemingly intermediate between pinks and picotee carnations ; red early pinks are smaller plants than Cobs or Pheasants'-eyes, and seem to have sprung from Cobs and D. armeria, or D. del- toldes. The Paisley growers reckon above 300 hundred varieties of the Pheasants'-eyes. Parkinson in 1629 only mentions 6 or 8 sorts. Ray in 1704 says there are many sorts, but of little esteem. Hogg in 1820 gives a list of 100 names, containing the best sorts in England. Davey, who has raised numerous fine varieties, enumerates double that number. The culture and propagation of the Pink is the same as that of the Carnation, excepting that it is less frequently kept in pots or frames, but planted in beds of fresh loam)' soil, or into the flower border, and the small side shoots reduced in the autumn, in order to throw more strength into those intended to produce flowers the following season. Criterion of a fine double Pink. " The stem should be strong and erect, and not less than 12 inches high. The calyx smaller and shorter than that of the carnation, but nearly similar in pro- portion, as well as in the formation of the flower, which should not be less than 2 inches and a half in diameter. The petals shoidd be large, broad, and substantial, and have very fine fringed or serrated edges, free from deep notches or indentures ; in short, they approach nearest to perfection when the fringe or the edge is so fine as scarcely to be discernible, but if they could be obtained entire it would be a very desirable object. The broadest part of the lamina or broad end of the petals, should be perfectly white and distinct from the eye, unless it be a laced pink, that is, ornamented with a continuation of the colour of the eye round it, bold, clean, and distinct, having a considerable proportion of white in the centre, perfectly free from tinge or spot. The eye should consist of a bright or dark rich crimson or purple, resembling velvet, but the nearer it approaches to black, the more it is esteemed ; its proportion should be about eo//,rf-petalled Pink. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. -J foot. 118 D. )'hostra"tls (Jacq. hort. schocnb. .'3. p. 11. t. 271.) stems shrubby, prostrate at the base, but erect at the apex ; (lowers in lax j)aniclcs ; calycine scales 4, lanceolate, acute, 3 times shorter than the elongated calyx ; petals fringed, glabrous ; leaves linear, very entire. H . G. Native of the Cajie of Good Hope. Allied U> D. fimliriiitnsov sufcrbux. F'lowers ])ale-red. Prostrate Vmk. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. PI. prostrate. 119 D. fimuria'tus (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 332. su])pl. p. 302.) stem suffriiticose at the base, branched ; flowers solitary ; caly- cine scales fi, lanceolate, shorter than the calyx ; petals oblong, nudtifidly toothed, beardless ; leaves awl-shaped, scabrous. ^l . H. Native of Iberia on rocks about 'I'iflis. I), orientalis, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1069. D. contortus, Smith in Uces' cyclop, vol. xi. Flowers like those of D. j^lumiirhis, but smaller, rose- coloured, rarely white. /•V(ng,>(/-petalled Pink. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1815. PI. 1 ft. 120 D. ri.uMo'sus (.Spreng. pugill. 2. p. 64.) flowers few, solitary ; calycine scales lanceolate-linear, erect, a little shorter than the tube ; petals bearded, deeply midtiiid ; leaves linear, nerved, flaccid. IJ. . 11. Native of mount Ualdo. F'lowers red and sometimes while. 7'6ft///(/-y-petalled Pink. Fl. July, Septemb. Clt. ? PI. i to 1 foot. 121 D. Monspessula'nus (Lin. amocn. 4. p. 313. spec. p. .588.) stem ])anicled, few-flowered ; flowers solitary ; calycine scales awl-shaped, straight, one-half shorter than the tube ; petals digitately multilid, smooth in the throat ; leaves linear, serrulated. 11. H. Native of the Pyrenees and Jura. D. Monspeliacus, D. C. fl. fr. no. 4324. D. Sternbergii, Schlcich. I'lowers red ? I'ar. ft, brerif alius (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 365.) leaves and stems short. 1/ . H. Native of the Pyrenees near St. Jean de Luz. Montpclkr Pink. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1 764. PI. 4 to 1 ft. 122 D. sui'e'rbi'S (Lin. amocn. 4. p. 272. spec. 589.) stem smooth, panieled, many-flowered ; flowers somewhat fastigiate ; calycine scales short, ovate, mucronate ; petals divided beyond the middle, feathery, bearded at theba.se. 1/. H. Native of mount;iinous groves and shaily meadows in many parts of Europe. Dclaun. herb, aniat. t. 21. Sims, bot. m.ag. t. 297. Caryophy'llus sylvestris vi. CIus. hist. 1. p. 284. Flowers rose- coloured, very fragrant, particularly at night. I'ar. ft, rubicundus (Ser. niss. and I). C. prod. 1. p. 365.) petals pur|)le. Superb Vmk. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1596. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 123 I). F'isciie'ki (.Spreng. cat. sem. hort. hall. 1810. pi. niin. cogn. 2. p. 62.) stem panieled, many-flowered ; flowers somewhat aggregate ; calycine scales ovate, jKjinted, erect, one- half shorter than the tube; petals multifid, almost beardless; leaves lanceolate, serrulated. %. H. Native near Moscow. Sweet, fl. gard. 245. Petals rose-coloured. Fischer sVmV. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot. 124 D. Libano'tis (Labill. pi. syr. 1. p. 14. t. 5.) stem erect; flowers rather aggregate ; calycine scales 6, acuminated, divari- cating, -shorter than the tube; petals multifid, bearded; leaves lanceolate. 1J.II. Native of Mount Lebanon. F'lowers rose- coloured. Rosemary Pink. F'l. June, Aug. PI. 1 foot. •f- A species belonging to section Armenastrum and should fol- luw D. cajiitatus. No. 20. p. 385. 125 D. Po'nticis (Wahl. in Isis. 1S28. vol.21, cah. 10. p. 972.) flowers in fasciculate heads ; involucre oblong, membranous, smooth, acuminate, length of calyx and bracteas ; petals crenate, quite smooth ; leaves sheathing. 1/ . H. Native of the East on hills behind Sarijari. This plant is like /). Carlhusianbrum and 1). cdjiiti'ilus. Pontic Pink. PI. 1 to U foot. Cult. Most of the species of this genus are highly valued, not only for the beauty of their flowers, but as being evergreens; their foliage in winter being as abundant and vivid as in summer. The fragrance of some of the species is peculiarly grateful. Many of (hem are well adapted for ornamenting rock-work or the front of flower borders, but the rarer kinds should be grow n in pots, that they may be protected by a frame during winter. They may be increased by seeds or by cuttings (the latter mode is pre- ferable), which shoidd be ])lanted under a hand-glass. A light loamy soil, mixed with a little rotten dung, or decayed leaves and sand, suits them best. For the manner of making cuttings, and time at which they should be planted, see D. canjophyllus and D. plumarius. The annual and biennial species only reipiire to be sown in the open border. IV. SAPON.'VRI;\ (from sapo, soaj) ; so called because the bruised leaves are said to produce a lather like soap when agi- tated in water). Lin. gen. no. 769. D. C. j)rod. 1. p. 365. LiN. SYST. Decdndria, Digijiiin. Calyx tubidar, 5-toothed, naked at the base. Petals unguiculate ; claws e(iual in length to the calyx. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsules 1-cellcd. .Slier. I. Vacca'ria (from vaccarius, a cow-herb ; this plant was said to be sought after by cowherds, because it was believed to excite the lacteal .secretion in cows). l)od. pempt. 104. D. C. prod, l.p. 365. I'lowers ])anicled. Calyx inflated, :ingid,ir, smooth. This section does not a))i)ear to differ niati rially from (ii/psophila. 1 S. vacca'ria (Lin. s))cc. 585.) flowers paiiielid ; calyxes pyramidal, smooth, 5-angled ; bracteas membranaceous, acute ; leaves ovate -lanceolate, sessile. 0. H. Native among corn in many parts of Ivurope, particularly France, Germany, Switzer- land and the Levant. Sims, bot. mag. 2290. — J. Uauh. hist. 3. p. 357. f. 2. (bad). Lychnis vacciiria. Scop. II. earn. no. 511. Gypsophila vaccaria, Smith, fl. grasc. 380. F'lowers red. I'ar. ft, grandijlhra (I'iscli. in litt.) pet,ils bro.id. ©. II. Native of Iberia. Petals naked, crenate, emarginate. C«H-A,77; Soapwort. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 15f)6. PI. lto2ft. 2 S. TLRFoLiA TA (Roxb. liort. beiig. p. 34. NVilld. enum. CARYOPHYLLE.E. IV. Saponaria. 397 p. 4Gi.) flowers panicled ; calyxes pyramidal, 5-angled, gla- brous ; bractcas leafy, acute ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, connate at the base. ©. H. Native of the East Indies. Flowers red. Perhaps only a variety of S. vaccaria. Petals naked. Peifoliiile Soapwort. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. ISOO. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 3 S. Dioi'cA (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linna^a. 1. p. ^8.) flowers dioecious, panicled ; calyx egg-shaped, 5-angled at the base, smooth; bracteas leafy, acute ; leaves lanceolate, sessile. 0. H. Native of Buenos Ayres. Gypsopliila dioica, Spreng. syst. append, p. 178. Like S. vacciiria. Flowers reddish, on long peduncles. Petals naked. Dioecious Soapwort. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 1 to 2 feet. Sect. II. Boo'tia (evidently from the name of some bo- tanist). Neck, delic. gallo-bolg. 1, p. 193. Flowers disposed in panicled bundles. Calyx terete, usually hairy. Petals crowned. 4 S. officina'lis (Lin. spec. 584.) flowers disposed in dense panicled biuidles ; calyx cylindrical, villous, yellowish ; appendages of petals cloven ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acute or obtuse. If.. H. Native of many parts of Europe by road sides. In Britain in meadows by river sides and under hedges. Smith, engl. hot. 1060. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 2. t. 29. Fl. dan. t. 543. Wood, suppl. t. 251. Ludw. ect. t. 170. Bootia vul- garis. Neck, delic. gallo-belg. 1. p. 193. Flowers either single or double, of a rose or pink colour, seldom white. The double variety of this plant is considered a very ornamental border-flower, but is inconvenient unless kept in pots, from its spreading very much by the roots, which creep underground like those of couch. The leaves form a lather like soap, and take out spots of grease in the same manner. The whole plant is bitter, and a decoction of it was formerly used to cure the itch, syphilis, and jaundice. far. /i, glaherrima (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 365.) leaves and calyxes very smooth. Jar. y, In/brida (Lin. spec. 584.) some of the upper leaves combined and sheathing, with a monopetalous corolla. 1/ . H. Native of England. Found by Gerarde in Northamptonshire and on sandy hills 7 miles north of Liverpool Mor. hist. 2. p. 548. sect. 5. t. 22. f. 52. O^ci'na/ .Soapwort. Fl. Jul. Oct. EngL PI. 1 to l|foot. 5 S. ocYMOi DES (Lin. spec. 585.) stems procumbent, dichoto- mous ; flowers in panicled bundles ; calyx cylindrical, villous, purple, beset with glandular hairs ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, generally 1-ncrved. 1/. H. Native of many parts of Europe, particularly Switzerland, Italy, south of France and Austria on calcareous rocks. Jacq. fl. aust. 5. t. 23. Curt. bot. mag. 154. Cav. icon. 2. p. 29. t. 134. An elegant trailing plant with red or pink flowers, well adapted for ornamenting rock-work. jBas(7-/(A-c Soapwort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1768. PI. prostrate. 6 S. Cala'brica (Guss. pi. rar. p. 164. t. 31.) root fibrous ; stem erect, dichotomously-branched ; leaves obovate-spatulate, usually 1 -nerved ; flowers axillary, solitary; calyx cylindrical, beset with glandular villi ; petals orbicidar, narrowed at the base; seeds tubercular, rather globose. ©. H. Native of Ca- labria on arid hills. Flowers beautiful rose-coloured. This plant differs from .S'. ocymoldes, which it is very much like, in the root being annual and the stem being erect. Leaves smooth, or slightly pubescent, ciliated on the margins. Calabrian Soapwort. Fl. May. PI. 4- to 1 foot. 7 S. GLiTiNosA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 322. cent. 2. t. 66.) stem erect branched ; flowers panicled, in corymbose bundles ; calyx long, terete, beset with glandular hairs ; leaves ovate, 3-nerved. $ . H. Native of Tauria on the mountains. Hook. bot. mag. t. 2855. Silene armeria, Pall. ind. taur. Flowers about the size of those of Silene coiwhlea. Petals minute, blood-co- loured, bidentate at the top, crowned with scales in the throat. C/ammy Soapwort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1817. PI. 1| foot. Sect. III. Protei' nia (from Trporetvu), protcino, to stretch out ; in allusion to the flowers standing on long peduncles). Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 366. Flowers solitary, axillary, or terminal. Petals 2-parted, usually naked. Caly.x hairy, rarely smooth. 8 S. po'rrioens (Lin. mant. 239.) stem erect ; branches di- varicating, hairy, viscid ; flowers axillary, on long stalks ; pedun- cles filiform ; calyx terete ; fruit egg-shaped, drooping ; leaves lanceolate, connate. ©. H. Native of the Levant. Jacq. hort. vind. 2. p. 49. t. 109. Silene porrigens, Gouan. ill. 29. Petals flesh-coloured. Stamens white. ,SVreest in fields). Ga?rt. fruct. 1. p. .'376. t. 77. f. 7. D. C. prod. \.y. 367. Lin. svst. Dccnndria, Trigijn'ia. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed, naked. Petals 5, unguicniate, with a bifid limb. Capsides fleshy, 1-celled. Habit of ])lant very near to some species of Silene, but differs from all in the fruit being a black berry. 1 C. ba'ccifer (Lin. spec. 591.) branches divaricating ; leaves ovate ; calyx campanulate ; petals distant, li . H. Native of Europe in shady places, particul.irly in Tartary, Germany, France, Switzerland, and Italy. Mill. icon. t. 112. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1577. Lychnanthus voliibilis, Gmel. act. petrop. 175!). vol. 11. p. 52."i. t. 17. f. I. Silene biiccifera, Willi, spec. 2. p. 700. Petals white, serrated. Notwithstanding Sir J. E. Smith has rejected this plant as not being of British origin, see en"l. fl. vol. 2. p. 290. we have seen it growing plentifully along with Silene injlala, by hedge sides, not far from Roslin Castle near Edinburjih, in the year 1817. Ikrry-brarmgC:i\u]>\i>n. Fl. May, Jul. Scoll. PI. 1 to 2 ft. Cult. This plant is not worth cultivating, except in botanical gardens. Any common soil will suit it, and it may be either increased by seeds or by dividing the plants at the root. VI. SILFNE (said to be derived from ff', sialoii, in allusion to the viscid frothy moisture on the stalks of many of the species, by which flies of the smaller kinds are entrapped, hence the English name of the genus, Catchfly. Du Theis dedtices the name from tlie drunken god .Silenus, whose name he supposes to have a simil.ir origin). Lin. pen. no. 772. Gwrt. fr. 1. p. .•<76. t. 77. f. 7. D. C. prod. 1. p. 367. Lin. sysT. Dccandria, 'J'rigi'/nia. Cah x tubular, 5-toothed, naked. Petals 5, bifid, unguicniate, usually crowned in the throat with as many bifid scales. Stamens lit. .Styles 3. Cap- sules 3-celled at the base, ending in 6 teeth at the apex. .Sect. I. Nanosile'ne (from nanus, dwarf, and Silene). Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 36 7. Plants tufted. Stems almost wanting. Calyx somewhat inflated. ScajK's or pedun- cles 1 -flowered. 1 S. acau'lis (Lin. spec. 603.) glabrous ; stems dense, hum- ble ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers dioecious from abortion ; peduncles solitary, short, 1- flowered ; calyx cam]ianUlate ; petals obovate or obcordate. 1/. H. Native of many parts of Europe on the Alps. In Britain on the summits of the loftiest mountains ; upon the steep and higher rocks of Snowdeii ; almost every where on all the elevated mountains of .Scotland, and when in flower constitutes one of the most charming ornaments of the Scottish Alps. The plant has lately been found by Chamisso in the islands of Unalasehka, St. George, and St. Law- rence, on the west coast of America. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1081. Lightf. 227. t. 12. f. 1. Fl. dan. t. 21. Sims, bot. mag. 188). All. ped. t. 79. f. 1. Flowers small, of an elegant rose-colour. Var. a, mas (D. C. prod. 1. p. 367.) flowers larger, on longer stalks ; stamens protruding ; ovary and styles abortive. S. aeai'ilis, Lin. spec. 603. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 749. yar. /5, foc'mina (D. C. prod. 1. p. 367.) flowers smaller, almost sessile ; stamens abortive ; styles protruding a long way. S. exscapa. All. ped. no. 1584. t. 79. f. 2. S. acai'ilis /3, cxscapa, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 749. I'ar. y, iloiigala {D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 749.) peduncles elongated ; flowers male. ' I'ar. ^, pariifora (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. I. p. 367.) pe- duncles wanting ; flowers small, female. I'ar. I, alba (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 367.) flowers white, growing along with var. a on the Scottish Alps. I'ar. i, j)lciia (Otth. mss. and 1). C. prod. 1. p. 367.) flowers large, of many petals. Native on mount Joms in the alps of Rhaetia. Stetiiless Catchfly or Moss Campion. Fl. June, July. Bri- tain. PI. 1 to 2 inches. 2 S. Dina'hica (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 405.) stem tufted ; leaves linear, elongated, smooth ; peduncles erect, pubescent ; calyx hairy, bbckish ; petals l)ifid. Tl. H. Native of Transylv.i- nia. Flowers white or red. S. deprcssa, Baumg. Dinarian Catchfly. PI. | foot. 3 S. ruMi'Lio (Sturn. deutschl. fl. 1. fasc. 22. t. 11.) stems less dense than in S. acaiilis ; leaves line.ir-spatulate, rather pubescent; peduncles or scajies short, 1-flowered ; calyx in- flated, hairy. T/.H. Native of the alps of Germany. Cucu- balus pumilio, Lin. m.int. 71. Wulf in J.icq. coll. 2. p. 126. t. 10. Jacq. aust. 5. app. t. 2. Flowers large; j)etals obcor- date, crowned. Far. /5, /ilba (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 367.) flowers white. .Sturm. I. c. Dwarf Catchfly. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. 2 to 3 inches. Sect. II. Beiiena'ntiia (from Itchcn, the Bladder Cam- pion, «>0or, nntltos, a flower; in allusion to the calyx of .ill the species contained in this section being bladdery). Otth. mss. D. C. prod. l.p. 367. Caulescent. Flowers solitary or pani- cled. Calyx inflated, bladdery. • Petals jagged or fringed. 4 S. FtMBRiA'TA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 980.) pubescent ; leaves large, ovate-l.inceolate, on long footstalks, undulated ; flowers CARYOPHYLLE^. VI. Silene. 399 in large spreading panicles ; calyx greatly inflated, with broad teeth; petals fringed, incurved after flowering. 1/ . H. Native of Crete, Sicily, and Caucasus. Cucubalus fiinbriatiis, Bicb. fl. taur. 1. p. 33 J. suppl. 303. Flowers white. /'ViH^vci-petalled Catchfly. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1S03. PI. 2 to 4 feet. 5 S. la'cera (Sims, hot. mag. t. 2255.) hispid ; leaves ovate- lanceolate, undulated, on long footstalks ; calyxes greatly in- flated ; petals jagged, witli the appendages 2-parted ; alternate stamens deflexed. ©? H. Native of Caucasus in the alps. Cucubalus liicerus, Bieb. fl.taur. 3. p. 303. Flowers white. J'a^ro-efZ-petalled Catchfly. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. procumbent, 1^ foot long. 6 S. STELLA TA (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. St.) stems erect, branched, pubescent ; leaves !■ in a whorl, lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous ; flowers panicled ; calyxes bladdery, pubescent ; petals fringed. 1/. H. Native of North America on hills and in shady woods from New England to Virginia and in Canada. Sims, bot. mag. 1 107. Flowers white, without a crown. .S'te//fl/e-leaved Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1696. PI. 1 to ] i foot. • Petals h'ifd. 7 S. Coulteria'na (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. I. p. 368.) very smooth ; stem branched ; leaves small, linear-lanceolate ; flowers in spreading panicles ; those flowers in the forks of the panicle are on very long stalks ; calyx somewhat spherical, greatly inflated ; petals with the claws wedge-shaped, and with the limb 2-parted, into broad, somewhat truncate lobes. !(.? H. Native of Iberia and about Constantinople. Flowers White. Coulter's Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 8 S. infla'ta (Smith, fl. brit. 467.) stems branched ; flowers panicled ; calyx bladdery ; petals bifid, naked ; claws of petals wedge-shaped ; styles very long. 1/ . H. Native very com- mon throughout Europe. Common in Britain in fields, pastures, and by way-sides. Fl. grtec. 293. Cuciibalis Behen, Lin. spec. 591. Smith, engl. bot. t. 164. Fl. dan. 914. Bull. fr. t. 321. Flowers white, drooping. Plant glaucous. Var. a, vulgaris (Otth. mss.) smooth ; leaves lanceolate. Var. /3, hirsula (Smith, engl. fl. 2. p. 291.) hairy ; leaves broad, lanceolate. Near Cromer, Norfolk, and near Edinburgh. Var. y, angustifoUa (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 741.) smooth; leaves linear. Cucilbalus angustifolius, Schrank. hort. monac. t. 83. Ten. fl. nap. t. 37. Var. c, rubra (Ram. pyr. ined.) petals purple. In the Py- renees and the Alps about Bern in Switzerland. Var. c, viridiflhra (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 747.) calyx leafy, pro- foundly 5-lobed ; petals half abortive, green. Cuciibalus viridis. Lam. diet. 2. p. 221. Var. 'C, castrata (Lapeyr. abr. pyr. 247.) unisexual ; petals abortive. In humid meadows of the Pyrenees. Var. r), uniflora (Otth, mss.) himible, glabrous ; flowers soli- tary, rarely in twos or threes. In the Alps. S. uniflora. Roth, cat. 1. p. 52. This is probably a variety of anicled ; calyx lO-striated, clavatc, but in- flated after flowering ; petals emarginate, with bifid, entire ap- ])endages. ©. H. Native of Portugal and the Levant. Smith, fl. greec. t. 426. Delisle, fl. .x-gyp. t. 29. f. 3.— Dill. elth. 314. f. 406. Flowers rose-coloured. /ff(/Catchfly. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1732. PI. 1 foot. 22 S. ODLONfiiFoLiA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 369.) plant hardly pul)cscent ; stems assurgent ; leaves oblong, obtuse ; flowers small, panicled, lax ; calyx only a little inflated, hardly 10-striated; anthophorum long. 0. 11. Native? Flowers red? Ohtong-l, lived Calchfly. Fl. Jidy, Aug. PI. A to 1 foot. 23 S. avi;'tala (Willd. spec. 2. p. 703.) plant hoary-pubes- cent; stem erect, branched; leaves lanceolate, upper ones linear; flowers few, terminal, or in the forks ; calyx obovate, 10-striated; pet.nls wanting. (•). H. Native of Spain. Flowers apetalous. Perha|)s this s|)ecics docs not belong to this section. ///)W«/oi/s-Howered Catchfly. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1801. PI. I ft. 24 S. TENUiiLouA (Guss. pi. rar. 1. p. 177. t. m.) stem erect; radical leaves spatulate, obtuse, pubescent, upper cauline ones lanceolate-linear, smooth, ta]>ering to the toj) ; panicle rather ditliotomous, few- flowered ; i)edimeles elongated, usually 1- flowercd ; calyx smooth, oblong, at length nuich inflated, 1 0- nerved ; petals emarginate. ©. H. Native of Abruzzo on the edges of iields. Flowers red or white ? lum-Jlowcrcd Catchfly. Fl. .May, Jidy. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 2.0 .S. sPERGiiLiFOLiA (liicb. fl. taur. hU))pl. 305.) villous; stems procumbent, difl'used, branched ; brancheR 3-flowcred ; leaves small, linear, reflexed in fascicles ; flowers somewhat panicled, crowded ; calyx inflated, 10-striated, beset with glan- didar hairs ; petals semibilid, somewhat deflexed ; appendages of petals obcordate. %. H. Native of Armenia and on dry hills alu.ut Tiflis. Desf. cor. Tour. 73. t. 55. .S. poly- pliyllus, 15ieb. fl. taur. no. 835. exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers white or tinged with purple, about the size of those of S. liilicn. Spiirry-leand CatKhtty. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1S17. PI. ^ ft. 26 S. cARYoeiivLLoiKES (Ottli. mss. in D. C. prod. I. j). 369.) stems erect, slender ; leaves linear, very narrow, upper ones broader ; flowers large, terminal ; calyx inflated, somewhat funnel-shaped, narrowed at the base; petals 2-lobed. "if.. II. Native of the Levant. Cuciibalus caryophylloides, Poir. diet, suppl. 2. p. 416. Perhaps belonging to a separate section. Flowers white or pinkish. CLrc-pink-lihe Catchfly. Fl. July. PI. 1 foot. 27 S. lIisPANicA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 369.) plant pilose ; stems procumbent, somewhat 4-sided ; leaves linear-oblong, obtuse ; flowers axillary, generally solitary ; calyx ovate, 10-striated; petals small ; antho])horum wanting. 1{. FL Native of Spain. S. jiarviflora, Zea, in Poir. diet, suppl. 5. p. 150. Flowers cream-coloured ? Perha])s belonging to a dif- ferent section, as well as the two following species. i/jaH;*// Catchfly. Fl. Jiiiu-, Jidy. Clt. 1819. PI. J foot. 28 .S. cARNo'sA (Mccncli. su])pl. '.'06.) plant glabrous ; stem erect ; leaves acute, glaucous ; flowers solitary ; calyx smooth, veiny ; petals lanceolate, with 2-])arted appendages. ©. H. Native ? Petals purj)le, bordered with white. /"/cvAy Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 foot. 29 .S. ANOisTiro I.IA (Bieb. fl. taur- 1. p. 337.) stem branch- ed ; leaves linear, glabrous ; flowers terminal ; calyx somewhat campanulate, rather hairy ; petals bifid ; antliophorum scarcely the length of the capsule. 1/. II. Native of Caucasus about the falls of the Terek. Flowers white. Narron-leavcd Catchfly. Fl. June, Jidy. PI. 1 foot. Sect. TIL Oti"ti:s (from m>r wtoq, ous otos, an ear, the form of the loaves of .V. ol'iles is compared to an ear-picker.) Otth, mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 309. Caulescent. Ffowers disposed in verticillate s])ikes, or verticillate panicles, or racemes. 30 S. Oti'tes (Pers. ench. 1. p. 497.) stems erect, rarely branched, hardly pubescent, rather leafy ; lower leaves nuine- rous, spatulate, somewhat fleshy, u])per ones lanceolate ; flowers small, dioecious ; calyx of the female flowers spherical, those of the male flowers somewhat club-shaped ; petals linear, undivided, naked. 1/. II. Native of Silesia, Austria, France, Switzer- land, &c. In England in dry sandy or gravelly open grassy fields; chiefly in Norfolk, Suffolk, or Cambridgeshire; between Swaffhain and Narford, Norfolk, on tiie grassy ridges of the road ; also about 'J'lietford, IJarton-mills, and IJury. Cucubalus Otites, Lin. spec. 594. Smith, engl. bot. t. 85. Fl. dan. 5 1 8. Lychnis Otites, Scop. earn. 1. p. 305. Flowers small, yellowish. Ray says this plant is useful in hydrophobia. 'I'ar.' ji, iimhcllala (Otth. mss. "and D. C. prod. 1. p. 569.) root thick, branched ; stems leafless, humble ; radical leaves spatulate; flowers umbellate. 7^.11. Native of Syria. rar. y, macrophijlla (Otth. mss. and D. C. I. c.) plant rather pubescent ; stem very high, branched ; leaves large, spatulate, obtuse or acute ; flowers very numerous, somewhat panicled. H.. H. Native of Provence on .Mount Cousson. far. c, dcnsijlora (Otth. mss. and D. C. I. c.) plant hairy ; stem very high ; whorls many-flowered, very distant, dense. %. H. Native of Tauria. S. densiflora, D'Urv. enum. 48. Knr-lcared or Spanish Catchflv. Fl. Jul v. Aug. England. PI. 1 to 3 feet. 31 S. Wolob'nsis (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 370.) stem branched, pubescent ; lower leaves large, lanceolate-spatulate, ciliated, upper ones linear, long ; flowers in |)anieled whorls, stalked ; petals linear. % . H. Native on the banks of the river Volga. Cuciibalus Wolgensis, Willd. enum. suppl. 24. Flowers yellowish. /o/^n Catchfly. Fl. July, Aug. Clt, 1824. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 32 S. PAUVIFLORA (Pers. ench. 1 , p. 497.) plant hoary-pubes- CARYOPHYLLEyE. VI. Silene. 401 cent ; stems erect, almost simple ; leaves spatulate-lanceolate ; lower whorls of flowers elongated into panicles ; calyx spherical, with 10 stripes ; petals linear, ciliated, naked. l/.H. Native of Hungary- Cuciibalus parviflorus, Wiild. spec. 2. p. 689. Flowers whitish or yellowish-green, small. Petals undivided. Small-Joivcred Catchdy. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 171)G. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 33 S. EFFu'sA (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 370.) stems erect, almost simple; leaves linear, lower ones bluntish ; flowers very numerous, small, effusely panicled ; branches in whorls ; calyx obovate, clavated, with 10 stripes. If.. H. Native on the banks of tlie Volga. Cuciibalus eftiisus, Fisch. in litt. Flowers whitish yellow. £/Hse-flowered Catchfly. Fl.Ju.Aug. Clt.1823. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 34 S. verticilla'ta (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 370.) plant very smooth ; stem much branched, and very leafy ; leaves linear, acute ; flowers in wliorled spikes ; whorls distant ; calyx ovate, clavated; petals bifid. %. H. Native? Cucubalus Ciespitosus, Poir, diet, suppl. 2. p. HG, Flowers whitish- yellow. /r/KirW-flowered Catchfly. Fl. July, Aug. PL 1 to 2 feet. 35 S. Sibi'rica (Pers. ench. 1. p. 497.) suftruticose, glabrous ; stems much branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate, nmnerous, ciliated or pubescent ; flowers disposed in interrupted spikes ; calyx rather inflated, clavated, with 10 stripes; p.etals emar- ginate ; stamens long. If.. H. Native of Siberia in the deserts. Cuciibalus Sibiricus, Lin. spec. 592. Flowers greenish-yellow. Siberian Catchfly. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1773. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 36 S. GYPSo'pHiLA (Desf. cat. hort. par. 184.) plant branched, pubescent, flexuous, leafy ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminated ; branches of panicle whorled ; calyx clavate, bladdery, 1 0- striped, hairy ; petals 2-lobed. If. . H. Native of? Flowers whitish. Gypsophila-Wke Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. | ft. 37 S. Di'sTANs (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 370.) stem very long, twiggy, hardly pubescent ; radical leaves broad, lan- ceolate-spatulate, obtuse, cauline ones linear, rounded at the apex ; whorls very distant, few-flowered ; calyx long, clavated. IJ. H. Native? Flowers yellowish. Distant-whorled Catchfly. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 38 S. MULTiFLORA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 497.) plant hardly pu- bescent; stem simple, clammy; leaves scabrous, linear-lanceo- late, lower ones spatulate, stalked ; flowers disposed in inter- rupted whorled spikes ; peduncles short ; calyx cylindrical, clavated, with 10 stripes; petals 2-parted ; lobes narrow; sta- mens very long. $ ! H. Native of Siberia and Hungary. Cuciibalus multiflorus, Walds. and Kit. hung. 1. p. 5(5. t. 56. Flowers yellowish- white. Mtiinj-Jhwercd CatchRy. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1794- PI. 1 to 2 feet. 39 S. ela'ta (Otth. mss, and D. C. prod. 1. p. 370 ) plant glabrous ; stem very long, twiggy, simple ; cauline leaves few, linear, radical ones lanceolate- spatulate ; flowers disposed in interrupted spikes; whorls 2-6-flowered ; calyx clavated, not striped ; petals 2-parted. i;.H. Native of Tauria. S. chlor- antha, Stev. in litt. not Willd. Flowers greenish-vellow. To// Catchfly. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 40 S. Ruthe'nica (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 370.) stems creeping, much branched ; branches opposite, erect ; leaves linear-lanceolate, serrulated ; spikes of flowers very long ; peduncles equalling in length the calyx ; calyx clavated, with 10 stripes; petals 2 parted. l^.H. Native of Russia. Very like .S'. Sihirica, but very distinct. Perhaps ,S'. Tatarica ? Flowers yellowish. Var. /3, jcdiiiiciilula (Otth. mss. and D. C. 1. c.) peduncles VOL. I. PART V. much longer than the calyx, lower ones branched. If . H. Na- tive of Russia and Volhynia. Russian Catchfly. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1820 PI. 1 to 2 ft. 41 Tata'rica (Pers. ench. 1. p. 497.) plant glabrous ; stems erect, simple, very leafy ; leaves lanceolate, small ; spike of flowers elongated, dense ; whorls 2-4-flowered ; calyx clavated, with 10 stripes, reticulated ; petals 2-parted ; stamens very long. "J/.H. Native of Tartary. Cuciibalus Tataricus, Lin. spec. 592. Flowers turned tovvai'ds one side, white. Tartarian Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1769. PI. 2 feet. 42 S. gigante'a (Lin. spec. 598.) plant villous ; leaves obovate, fleshy, upper ones connate at the base ; whorls of flowers distant; calyx clavate, with 10 stripes; petals bifid, rounded, bicallose at the base ; stamens long. $ . G. Native of the north of Africa and Candia. Smith, fl. graec. 432. Lychnis, &c., Walth. hort. 32. t. 11. Leaves large, obovate. Flowers cream-coloured, expanding at night. Giant Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1738. PI. 2 to 4 ft. 43 S. iNVOLU TA (Forsk. fl. segyp. arab. suppl. 210. no. 47.) stems thick, rather woody, villous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, un- der surface tomentose ; flowers opposite, but usually in whorls at the apex; calyx with 10 angles; petals bifid. !{.. F. Native near Constantinople. Flowers olive -coloured. Invoiute Catchfly. PL 2 feet. 44 S. ScouLE Ri (Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 88.) plant pubes- cent, viscid; stem simple, erect, remotely leafy ; joints knotted ; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, flat ; spike long ; flowers erect; calyx oblong, clavate, 10-ribbed. If. H. Native of the north-west coast of America, and upon the low^ hills of the Co- lumbia. Flowers white. Scouler's Catchfly. PL 1 to 3 feet. Sect. IV. Conoimo'rpiia (from kwroc, konos, a cone, and fiop(pri, inorjihe, form ; form of calyx.) Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 371. Caulescent. Calyx cone-shaped, much swelled out at the bottom, with very long teeth. 45 S. co'nica (Lin. spec. 598) pubescent; stem simple, dichotomous ; leaves linear, soft ; flowers solitary or panicled ; calyx conical, with 30 stripes ; petals deeply emarginate, with acute emarginate appendages; capsule ovate. ©. H. Native of sandy corn-fields in France, Spain, and the Levant. In England a little to the north of Sandown Castle plentifidly ; opposite the Warren house at New Romney, Kent. Smith, engl. bot. t. 922. Jacq. aust. 253. S. conoidea, H'ids. 189. Petals red. There is a flower always in the fork of the stem. Var. /3, rambsa ; stem nnich branched ; leaves more downy ; calyx not so much inflated. ©. H. Native of Candia. S. conica. Smith, fl. graec. t. 422. Flowers pale-red. This is probably a distinct species. It is a weed in Chelsea garden under the name of S. conoidea. Co7i/c«7-calyxed Catchfly. Fl. July, Aug. England. PL | to 1 feet. 46 S. conoi'dea (Lin. spec. 598.) stems pubescent ; leaves lanceolate-linear, almost glabrous ; flowers solitary or panicled ; calyxes long, conical, with 30 stripes ; petals entire, obovate, crested ; capsules bottle-formed. ©. H. Native of sandy corn- fields in France, Germany, &-C.—C1US. hist. 1. p. 288. f. 2.— Mor. hist. 2. p. 542. sect. 5. t. 36. f. 6. Petals red. This is perhaps a variety of the last. Cm2oid-ca\yxed Catchfly- FL June, July- Clt. 1683. PL 1 ft. 47 S. coNiFLORA (Nees. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 371.) stems pubescent ; leaves long, grassy, acute, hardly pubescent ; flowers panicled ; calyxes cylindrically-conical, with 30 stripes ; petals obcordate. ©. H. Native of the Levant. Petals red. This is probably the S. conica, Smith, fl. graec. t. 422. Conc-Jlun-crcd Catchflv. Fl. June, Jidy. PI. 4 to 1 foot. 3 F 102 CARYOPHYLLEiE. VI. Sillke. 48 S. cYLiNDRiFLoRA (Otth. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 371.) pubescent ; steins branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; flo>%ers few, panicled ; calyxes cylindrically-conical, with 30 stripes ; claws of petals exceedin<; the calyx; petals bifid. ©. H. Native of the Levant. Flowers red. Cyinulrkal-Jlonered Catchfly. Fl. June, Jidy. Cll. 1824. ri. 1 foot. 49 S. usddla'ta (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 96.) pubescent ; leaves lanceolate, undulated, lower ones stalked ; flowers larjje, in lax dichotomous panicles ; calyxes very lon^;, cylindrically-conical, with 10 stripes. $ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Claws of petals very long. Flowers red. ?rate(/-leaved Catchfly. Fi. Aug. Clt. 1775. PI. 1 J foot- Sect. V. Stachymo'rpha (from tnayyi, stachys, a spike, and fjiopipti, morphc, form ; in allusion to the Howers beinij disposed in sometliing like s])ikes in tiie axils of the leaves.) Otth. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. .'370. Caulescent. Flowers spiked, axillary, not opposite, usually on sliort pedicels. Calyxes with 10 stripes. The plants of this section are to be known by their flowers being disposed in spikes or racemes, and by their alternate pedicels being always axillary. § 1 . Calyxes cylindrical nhcn injlowcr. 50 S. A'nglica (Lin. spec. 594.) hairy and viscid ; stems branched ; leaves lanceolate, acute ; calyx 5-striped, cylindrical, with very long acute teetli ; petals obcordate, small, with erect cloven pyramidal appendages. ©. H. Native of France in cultivated fields on a gravelly or sandy soil. In Britain about Combe in .Surry ; in Cambridgeshire ; between Dundee and St. Andrews, and near Perth ; in Hertfordshire; at Lakenliam and Costesy near Norwich. Smith, engl. bot. 1178. Curt. tl. lond. fasc. 4. t. 30. Petals white, occasionally marked with a red spot of each. English Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. \ to 1 foot. 51 S. Ll'sita NicA (Lin. spec. 594.) hairy ; stems much branched ; lower leaves obovate-spatulate, upper ones lanceo- late, obtuse ; spike distich ; calyx rather ventricose, cylindrical, with long teeth ; petals crenate, not bifid, with a triangular bor- der. 0. H. Native of Spain and Sardinia. S. Sardda, Mor. sard, elench. ex Spreng.— Dill. elth. t. 311. f. 401. Petals flesh- coloured. Por/»^ra/ Catchfly. Fl. Jime, July. Clt. 1732. PI. 4 foot. 52 S. tridenta'ta (Desf. all. 1. p. 349.) stems branched; leaves linear-lanceolate ; spikes secund ; calyx sub-cylindrical, with 10 riljs, teeth very long; petals 3-toothed. Q. H. Native of Algiers and Spain in corn-fields. Petals rose-coloured. 7'/(m--/oo//it(/-petalled Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. ^ to 4 foot. 53 S. Ga'llica (Lin. spec. 595.) hairy and viscid ; stems branched ; lower leaves spatulate, upper ones lanceolate, obtuse ; spike secund ; calyx rather ventricosely cylindrical, with short acute teetli; petals obovate, entire, crowned. ©.11. Native of France ; also of Chili and Buenos Ayres. — Vaill. ))ar. t. I(i. t. 12.— Dill. elth. 419. t. 310. f. 399. Petals flesh-coloured, with darker streaks. The S. A'nglica, S. Lnsittinicn, Lin. S. ccrasloidcs, HaMike, not Tenore, and -S'. micropctala of D. C. are perhaps only slight variations of A'. O'dllica, Lin. French Catchfly. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1083. PI. ^ to \k ft. 54 S. coarcta'ta (Lag. gen. et spec. 15.) hairy ; lower leaves lanceolate, stalked, upper ones lanceolate-linear ; flowers almost sessile ; calyx hairy, fruit-bearing ones ovate, compressed at the mouth ; petals bifiil. ©. H. Native of Spain in the provinces of Valencia and Murcia. Flowers rose-coloured or white. C<.Hi;)r(, vstrf-calyxed Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825. PI. i to 1 foot. 55 S. ocymoi'des (Desf. cat. hort. par. 181.) hairy; stems branched ; leaves K])atulate ; spike secund, few-flowered ; calyx cylindrical, rather ventricose, very hairy, with long teeth ; petals obovate, hardly crenate, with 2 longer appendages. ©. H. Native? S. pedicelUita, Poir. suppl. 5. p. 150. Petals purple, with pale edges. Basil-like Catchfly. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. PI. j to 1 ft. 56 .S. Di'sTtciiA (Willd. enum. p. 476.) hairy; stem much branched ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute ; spikes twin, dense, with a solitary flower in the fork ; calyx cylindrical ; petals small, bifid. ©. H. Native of Minorca. S. microphylla, Ra?m. in Schrank. pi. rar. t. 39. Annal. mus. 14. t. 12. Petals rose-coloured. Dislich-sinked Catchfly. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1817. PI. 2 feet. 57 S. cehastioi'des (Lin. spec. 596.) stems branched, villous; branches dichotomous ; leaves pul)escent, lower ones rather spa- tulate, upper ones linear-lanceolate, hardly stalked ; spike few- flowered ; calyxes ovate-globose, rather ventricose, very hairy ; petals emarginate, with the appendages 4-toothed. ©. H. Native of the south of Europe and north of Africa. Smith, fl. graec. 412. S. rigidula, Lin. amccn. 4. p. 313. S. matutina, Presl. ex Spreng.— Dill. elth. 416. t. 309. f. 307. Flowers rose-coloured. Chichvced-like CatchRy. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1732. PI. ^ to 1 foot. 58 S. quinqdevu'lnera (Lin. spec. 595.) pubescent, viscid ; stems branched ; leaves lanceolate, lower ones obtuse ; spike secund ; calyx very villous, with short teeth ; petals roundish, entire, with bicuspidate appendages. ©. H. Native of Spain, F" ranee, Italy, Siberia, Carniola, &c. In England in sandy corn- fields near SVrotham, Kent. Smith, engl. liot. t. 86. Cucubalus varipgatus. Lam. fl. fr. 8. j). 28. Petals deep crimson in the middle, with pale borders. The specific name alludes to the 5 dark crimson spots, one in the centre of each petal. /•Vre-H'ouni/ft/ Catchfly. Fl. June, July. England. PI. 1 f>. 59 S. Scio'tica (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 372.") hairy; stem erect, simple ; leaves shining, acuminated, radical ones broad, spatulate, upper ones lanceolate, acute ; flowers spiked in two rows, crowded ; calyx bladdery, cylindrical ; petals obcor- date. ©. H. Native of the island of Scio. S. Chia, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 409. Pet.ils crimson, with a white margin. .S'cio Catchfly. I'"l. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 60 S. noctu'rna (Lin. spec. 595.) stem simple, br.inched, hairy ; leaves scabrous, on ciliated petioles, lower ones spatu- late, tipper ones lanceolate ; spikes secund, loose ; flowers pressed to the stem ; calyxes obovate or rather clavate, scabrous ; petals deeply 2-])arted, narrow. £ . ©. H. Native of Spain, France, Greece, ^c. Smith, fl. gnrc. 408. — Dill. elth. 420. t. 310. f. 400. Barrel, icon. t. 27. f. 1. S. .spicata, D. C. fl. fr. p. 759. Petals rose-coloured, but lead-coloured beneath, minutely crowned. Ca]>sule ovate, standing on a short stipe. 1'ar. )i, jHUiciJlora (Otth. mss. and I). C. prod. 1. p. 372.) flowers few, distant ; ])etals smaller than in var. a. Cucubalus reflexus, Lin. spec. 594. S. mutabilis, Lin. spec. 596. I'lowers small, white, greenish externallv. A"i>/(/-flowering Catchfly. i'l. June, Aug. Clt. 1683. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 61 .S. Gr.effk'ri (Guss. jil. rar. \i. 170. t. 34.) root creeping; stem erect, simple, few-flowered ; leaves lanceolate, ciliated, hairy; flowers in secund racemes; cah-x 10 striped, rather scariose, tubular, at length clavale ; petals 2-parted, crowned by 2-parted truncate scales in the throat. If.. H. Native of Abruzzo in the higher pastures. .S. ciliata, .Moretti, pi. ital. (>. p. 4. Flowers white above, but greenish beneath. Gr.rffcr's Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. PI. i to 1^ foot. 62 S. CINE REA (Desf. all. 1. p. 355.) silky-hoary; stem CARYOPIIYLLE/E. VI. Silene. 403 branched ; lower leaves ovate ; flowers almost sessile, solitary twin or tern ; calyx cylindrical ; petals narrow, bifid. ©. H. Native of Algiers in corn-fields. Petals white. Grey Catchfly. Fl. June, July. CIt. 1818. PI. | to 1 foot. CS S. brachype'tala (Rob. et Cast. mem. ined. in D. C. fl. fr. suppl. 007.) stem sivnple ; leaves obovatc-spatulate, obtuse, hairy, ciliated at the base ; flowers secund, erect ; calyx some- what cylindrical, hairy, with very long teeth ; petals small, bifid. ©. H. Native aliout Marseilles. Petals white or reddish. ShoH-petallcd Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PI. h to 1 ft. 04 S. crypta'ntha (Viv. fl. lyb. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 400.) stem humble, branched ; leaves obovatc, acutish, connate, hairy ; flowers axillary, sub-sessile; calyx cylindrical. Q.H. Native about Tripoli. Perhaps belonging to this section. Hiddvn-Jlowered Catchfly. PI. ^ to 1 foot. 0.5 S. HiRSUTi'ssiMA (Ottli. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 372.) plant beset with long white hairs ; stem branched ; leaves linear- lanceolate ; bracteas long ; flowers secund, erect ; calyx cylin- drical; anthophorum short. ©. H. Native of Spain. S. hirsiita. Lag. varied, de cienc. 1805. p. 212. Petals reddish. Very-hairij Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. PI. 1 foot. 00 S. micrope'tala (D. C. cat. monsp. 140. but not of Lag.) hairy ; stem much branched, leafy ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers terminal, or in the forks of the stem ; calyx cylindrical ; petals bifid ; anthophonmi short. Q.H. Native? Petals red. Small-petalUdCaXch^y. Fl.Ju.July. Clt. 1821. PL | to | ft. 67 S. micra'ntha (Link, in Cav. herb. D. C. prod. 1. p. 372.) hairy ; flowers sessile, secund ; calyx cylindrical, appres- sed ; petals small, profoundly emarginate. ©• H. Native of Portugal. S. micropetala. Lag. gen. et spec. 15, but not of D. C. Petals red ? ,S'ma//-/oii>(?m/ Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. i to f foot. 68 S. INCLU SA (Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 413.) hairy ; flowers stalked or sessile ; calyx pilose ; common peduncle flexuous ; fruit erect ; petals emarginate. ©. H. Native of Europe. This plant does not appear to us to differ from iS'. micropetala, D. C. The flowers are probably reddish. /jjc/osed Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI. | to | foot. 69 S. akticula'ta (Viv. fl. lyb. icon, ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 409.) stem erect, knotted ; leaves oblong, rather hairy, ciliated ; racemes few-flowered ; calyx striped, hispid ; petals bifid, ex- ceeding the cylindrical calyx. ©. H. Native of the north of Africa in the Great Syrtis. Flowers red ? /o(»ierf-stemmed Catchfly. PI. 1 foot. 70 S. ligula't.\ (Viv. fl. lib. icon, ex Spreng. 1. c.) stem erect, rather hairy ; leaves linear, ciliated ; racemes few-flowered ; flowers stalked, hispid ; petals 2-parted, obtuse, crowned by spatulate scales. ©. H. Native of Tripoli. Ligulale-cxesieA Catchfly. PL ^ to 1 foot. 71 S. Canarie'nsis (Spreng. neue. endt. t. 3. p. 60.) stem a little branched, leafy, hairy ; leaves large, ovate-lanceolate, ciliated ; flowers secund, rather drooping ; calyx long, cylin- drical, hairy. ©. H. Native of the Canary Islands. Petals red, with deeper veins. Canary Island Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 to H foot. 72 S. seta'cea (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 372.) stems numerous, diffuse, usually simple ; leaves obovate, obtuse, very closely beset with bristly hairs ; flowers lax, secund ; calyx cylindrical, hairy ; petals bifid, narrow, with their claws exceed- ing the calyx. ©. H. Native of the island of Melos, and the north of Africa. Petals red. £rw<;y-haired Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PI. | to 1 foot. § 2, Calyxes club-shaped when injloner, 73 S. villo'sa (Forsk. descr. pi. cent. 3. p. 88.) clammy- pubescent ; stems numerous, procumbent, leafy ; leaves oblong, obtuse ; flowers lax, secund ; peduncles dedexed after flowering; calyx cylindrically-clavated ; petals bifid, with very long claws. % ? F. Native of Egypt near the pyramids about Gizah. Petals violaceous. Villous Catchfly. PI. procumbent. 74 S. hi'spida (Desf. atl. 1. p. 348. but not of Gardener's.) plant beset with long white hairs ; stems much branched ; leaves broad-lanceolate, bluntish, ciliated ; bracteas short; flowers se- cund, rather erect ; spikes usually dichotomous ; calyx clavated ; petals semi-bifid. ©. H. Native of Barbary in corn-fields. S. hirsuta, Poir. diet. 7. p. 1G9. Petals red. Hhjiid Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI. i to 1 ft. 75 S. laxiflora (Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 188.) hairy; stems erect, jointed, branched ; lower leaves lanceolate, upper ones almost linear ; flowers secund, rather remote ; calyx somewhat clavated; petals bifid ; capsules cylindrical. ©. H. Native of Portugal in sandy fields near Coimbra, and elsewhere in northern Biera. Petals flesh-coloured. Lax-Jlowered CatchAv. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to H foot. 76 S. cane'scens (Tenore, prod. 25.) hairy-canescent ; stems prostrate, branched ; leaves obovately-spatulate, ciliated at the base ; flowers secund, erect ; calyx bladdery, somewhat cylin- drical; petals bifid. l/.H. Native of Naples. Petals red? Ca?iescent CatchRy. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822. PI. trailing. 77 S. staticifo'lia (Smith, fl. grcec. t. 434.) smooth, woody at the base ; leaves in tufts, linear-lanceolate, mucronate, rather glaucous ; floriferous stem simple ; flowers erect, on short pedi- cels ; calyx long, clavate ; petals 2-parted ; lobes obtuse, in- curved, with short bifid entire appendages. %. H. Native of the Morea. Flowers rather large, white above, and rusty be- neath. Thrift-leaved Catchfly. PI. 1 foot. 78 S. DECUMBENS (Bern, sicul. cent. 1. p. 75.) pubescent ; stems numerous, decumbent, diffiise, branched ; leaves small, spatulate-lanceolate ; flowers inclinate ; spike dichotomous ; calyxes clavated when in fruit ; petals 2-parted, with long claws, crowned. ©. H. Native of Spain and about Naples. Flowers flesh-coloured. Dccumboit-hr&nched Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. PI. ^ foot. 79 S. Oliveri.Vna (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 373.) somewhat pubescent ; stem erect, almost simple ; leaves linear, ciliated at the base ; flowers few ; calyxes clavated ; petals semi- bifid, rather narrow. ©. H. Native between Aleppo and Mossul. Petals red? Oliver's CatcMy. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1828. PI. 1 foot. 80 S. dianthifo'lia (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 373.) almost glabrous ; stem much branched, leafy ; leaves linear, acute ; flowers terminal or axillary ; calyxes clavated ; petals 2- parted ; stamens very long. $ . H. Native of Siberia. S. fruticosus. Pall. Petals red or white. Pink-leaved Catchfly. PI. 1 foot. 81 S. diffusa (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 373.) pubes- cent ; stems diflfiise, branched ; leaves small, spatulate, obtuse, ciliated at the base ; flowers rather erect ; spike 2-5-flowered ; calyx clavated, rather narrow ; petals bifid, with long claws. 1/ ? H. Native of France on the sea-shore about Masin. S. sericea, Bert, in litt. but not of All. Z)(^M«e-branched Catchfly. PI. 4 to 1 foot. 82 S. Ibe'rica (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. :i35.) stem branched, pubescent ; leaves lanceolate, pubescent ; spikes secund, dicho- tomous ; calyx short, ovate, clavated, glabrous ; petals bifid. $ . H. Native of Tartary and Iberia. Flowers white. Like the following. Iberian Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PI. |^ to 1 foot. 3 F 2 tot CARYOPHYLLEjE. VI. SiLE.NE. 83 S. DicHOTOMA (Ehrli. beitr. 7. p. 114.) stems forked, once or twice, villous, as well as the leaves ; leaves scabrous, ciliated, lower ones rosulate, spatulatc, upper ones lanceolate ; spikes twin, secund ; flow ers nearly sessile, erect ; calyxes roundish, venlricose, with 10 ribs, villous; petals 2-parted, narrow, almost destitute of appendages. $ . H. Native of Hungary, Tauria, and Candia. Walds. et Kit. hung. 1. t. 2!). Smith, fi. grace. 41,'5. S. membranacea, Poir. diet. 7. p. 1C5. S. trinervis, Sol. in Russ. aleppo, 2. p. 252. Flowers white, one always in the fork of the stem. Dic/io/omo«4-spikedCatclifly. Fl. June, July. Clt. ITiH. PI. 1 J foot. 8J- S. nycta'ntiia (Willd. cnum. 472.) pubescent; leaves somewhat flusliy, lower ones spatulato, upper ones lanceolate ; flowers secund; calyx clavated, lO-ribbed, after flowering some- what 4-sided ; petals bifid. ©. n. Native? Petals greenish- vellow. Night.JloH'crcd Catehfly. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1815. PI. 1 foot. 85 S.tuine'kvia (Seb. ct Maur. fl. rom. 152.) jilant covered with knotted hairs ; stem slender, branclied ; leaves linear-lan- ceolate, under surface 3-nerved; flowers secund ; calyx clavated, hispid from imbricating hairs, which are turned u])wards ; petals semi-bifid. ©. H. Native about Rome. Petals whitish. JV/rce-werterf-leaved Catehfly. FI.Ju. July. PI. J to 1 foot. 86 S. divaiuca'ta (Smith, fl". griec. 414.) iioary-pilose ; stem once or twice forked, divaricate: leaves all lanceolate, acute; flowers distant on short pedicels, rather nodding; petals 2-parted ; lobes obovate, rounded as well as the appendages. $ . 11. Native of the Morea in fields. Flowers whitish, one always in the forks of the stems. Divaricate Catehfly. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 87 S. KACEMo'sA (btth. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 384.) stem dicho- tonious, divaricate, racemose ; leaves lanceolate, narrow ; petals 2-parted, rounded, as well as the appendages. $ . H. Native of the Canary Islands. Flowers whitish ? Perhaps the same as the preceding. Kacemosc Catehfly. Fl. June, Jidy. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 88 S. vell'ti'na (Pour, in Desf. herb, ex Lois, in journ. 2. p. 324.) plant velvety ; stem erect, branclied ; lower leaves ob- ovate-laiiceolate, upper ones lanceolate-linear ; flowers sometimes solitary in the axils, soiiietiiiies crowded ; calyxes clavated ; petals semi-bifid. ■y.-H. Native of Corsica. Petals red ? relvcly Catehfly. Fl. May, July. PI. 1 to IJ foot. 89 S. SAiiULETORUM (Link, in Spreng. 1. nov. prov. 39.) liairy ; leaves lanceolate ; flowers spiked also in the forks of the branches ; calyx covered with long hairs, narrow, cylin- drically-clavated ; petals emarginate. ©. H. Native ? Petals purjilisli-violet. f.Vnrt/-;);/ Catehfly. Fl. Ju. Jid. Clt. 1818. PI. -^ to 1 ft. 90 S. bklmdifo'lia (Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 81.) hairy ; stem erect, slender, nearly simple ; leaves siiatulate, lanceolate, acute ; spikes twin, secund ; calyx eyliiidrically clavated, smoothish ; petals bifid ; anthophorum long. G- H- Native — ? Petals l)iiik, crowned. Daisy-lcaicd Catehfly. Fl. Ju. Jidy. Clt. 1 794. PI. ^ to 1 ft. 91 S. piNouis (Valil. ex horn. hafn. suppl. 49.) plant co- vered with silky hairs ; leaves fleshy ; radical ones spatulate, superior ones obovate-laiiceolate ; calyx erect, davate ; petals bifid. ©. H. Native of Denmark at Cape S])artel. Petals rose-coloured. Perhaps the same as S. bclliilifuliei, Jacq. Fat Catehfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 181C. PI. i to J foot. 92 S. tiiiaiiANTiiiFo'i.iA (Schott, in isis. 1818. fase. 5. p. 821.) flowers secund ; calyx short, clavated; petals 2-parted ; capsules cylindrical ; seeds hardly revolute, chamielled on the back. ©. H. Native at San Rocco. Petals rose-coloured on the upper surface. JVallJIower-leaved Catehfly. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 93 S. vESPEiiTf NA (Retz. obs. 3. p. 31.) pubescent; stems branclied, difluse ; leaves spatulate, acute, on ciliated petioles ; racemes secund ; calyx bladdery-elavated ; petals 2-parted ; lobes obtuse. ©. H. Native of .Mauritania, Oreecc, and Por- tugal in corn-fields. Curt. hot. mag. 677. S. bijiariita, Desf. atl. 1. p. 352. t. 100. Smith, fl. gra;c. 409. Petals rose-coloured, appendages deeply bifid, acute. This is a beautiful plant with diffuse or decumbent stems. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 11. TiieHiH^-flowered Catehfly. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1796. PI. 1 ft. 94 S. dista'ciiya (Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 189.) hairy ; stem fork- ed at the top ; racemes secund ; flowers almost sessile ; leaves spatulate, upper ones lanceolate, acute ; calyx clavatc ; petals 2- parted, crowned. ©. H. Native of Portugal near Coimbra. Petals pale-puri)le above, but greenish beneath, and rather keeled. Tn'o-spikcd CMiihRy. Fl. Jmie, July. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 ft. 95 S. OBTI'SIFOLIA (Willd. eiium. p. 473.) stem villous ; leaves elliptically-spatulate, rounded, rather pubescent ; flowers secund, drooping, nearly sessile; calyx clavated, pubescent; petals bifid. ©. H. Native ? Petals purple. Perhaps .S'. colorala. Blunt-leaved Catehfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. J to 1 foot. 96 S. Di'scoLOR (Smith, fl. grace, t. 410.) stem nsuidly forked at the top, diffuse, villous ; leaves obovate, obtuse, villous at the base, with the petioles rather connate ; flowers in two rows, on short pedicels, pressed to the stem ; calyx clavate, villous, with 10 red ribs; petals bilid ; lobes narrow, obtuse, with the appendages emarginate and white. ©. H. Native of Cyprus. Plant branched from the base. Flowers rose-coloured on the upper surface, but greenish on the under surface. Z)(4co/oH)C(/-flowered Catehfly. Fl. June, July. PI. \ foot. 97 S. coloua'ta (Schousb. maroc.) stems branched, very hairy ; leaves obovate-sjiatulate, numerous, pubescent, ciliated at the base ; flowers secund ; calyx bladdery, clavated ; petals 2-partcd, crowned. ©. H. Native of Morocco and the island of Scio in corn-fields. Horn. hort. liafii. 1. p. 412. Petals j)uri)le on the ujiper surface and greenish below. Perhaps the same as S. discolor. Co/())/rf(/ Catehfly. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1819. PI. | to 1 ft. 98 S. TUY.MiJoLiA (Smith, fl. graec. t. 411.) stem procumbent, ligneous, branched, hairy ; leaves ovate, acute, rather hairy, ciliated, with fascicles of smaller axillary ones ; flowers sessile, or on pedicels, furnished with 2 bracteas or leaves ; petals bifid, narrow, with the appendages deeply emarginate. Jj . H. Na- tive of Cyprus by the sea-side. Flowers white above but greenish beneath. Thyme- leaved Catehfly. Fl. June, July. Shrub procumbent. 99 S. ciiAssiFoLiA (Lin. sjiee. 597.) velvety ; stem procum- bent, branched, leafy ; leaves ovatc-spatulate, fleshy ; bracteas very .small ; flowers secund ; calyx bl.addery, clavated ; petals emarginate, with long claws, jiroperly crowned. ©. M. Native of the Ca|)e of Good Hope. Petals of a brownish dull colour. y7/«A-/<«iri/ Catehfly. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1774. PI. pro- cumbent. 100 S. DuRcnE'LLii (Otth. niss. in D. C. ))nid. 1. p. 374.) pubescent ; stems assuigent, simple ; leaves small, lanceolate ; flowers few, almost sessile, clavated ; anthophorum very long. ©? II. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Bmcli. cat. geogr. no. 271. Flowers white? /^MrcAc//'* Catehfly. Fl. June, Julv. PI. decumbent. 101 S. riLosr.i.Loi'nKS (Cham, et Sehleclit. in Linn;ea. 1. p. 41.) stems decumbent at the base, rather scabrous, naked above; radical leaves spatulate-lanccolate. rather mucronale, roughisli ; flowers racemose, .secund ; calyx club-shaped, drooping, when in flower, when in fruit erect ; petals 2-parted, with linear, obtuse segments, fiiniishcd with 2-li)l)ed Miipendages. 2/ . G. CARYOPHYLLE.E. VI. Silene. 405 Native of the Cape of Good Hope near Plettensbei-g's bay. Many stems rising from the same root, usually decumbent. Flowers white. Pilosella-like Catchfly. PI. procumbent. 102 S. ce'rnca (Thimb. fl. cap. ed. Schult. 1. p. 394.) plant hairy ; flowers racemose, secimd, drooping;-, calyxes with 10 stripes, fruit-bearing ones clavated; leaves linear, villous, sca- brous. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. If. . G. Flowers white. Perlia])s S. pllosellohies, Cham. Z);tio/j//i^-flowered Catchfly. PI. procumbent ? 103 S. graVilis (D. C. cat. monsp. 145.) glabrous; stem erect, branched ; leaves linear, hardly ciliated, lower ones ovate; flowers erect, alternate, distant ; peduncles long ; calyxes blad- dery, clavated ; petals ^-parted ; lobes linear. ©. H. Native? Petals white. Perhaps this species should have been placed in section Riip\fras;a on acco>mt of the long peduncles. Slender C-Mch&y. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 18x'3. PI. | to 1 foot. 104 S. imbrica'ta (Desf. atl. 1. p. 349. t. 98.) stems erect, branched, hairy at the base; leaves villous, lower ones obtuse, ujiper ones lanceolate, acute ; spikes secund, dense ; flowers erect, appressed ; calyx clavated ; petals obcordate, with 2 mar- ginal teeth, crowned. 0. H. Native of the nortli of Africa near Mascar in corn-fields. Petals white. /)Hi)(cn(c-flowered Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 to U foot. lOo S. PERNo'cTANS (Link, ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 408.) stem naked above, bifid, villous as well as the leaves, which are spa- tulate ; racemes twiggy ; calyxes erect, stalked, without stri))es. ©. H. Native of Portugal. Perhaps belonging to this section. ff'/iole A'(g-/i<-flowering Catchfly. PI. 1 foot. IOC S. linearifo'lia (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 374.) stems erect, a little branched, glabrous ; leaves very narrow, acute; flowers erect, secund ; petals bifid, crowned. Q. ^ . H. Native of the alps of Caucasus. Petals white ? Linear- leaved Catchfty. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 107 S. Jenisee'n$is (Willd. enum. 473.) glabrous ; stems usually simple ; leaves rather fleshy, linear-lanceolate ; flowers secund ; calyx ovate, inflated ; petals bifid, with 4-lobed ap- pendages. 1/ . H. Native of .Siberia on the banks of the Yenisee. S. Jenisea, Poir. diet, suppl. 5. p. 154. Flowers white. Yenisee Catchfly. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 to 1 1 ft. 108 S. Alta'ica (Pers. ench. 1. p. 497.) root thick, woody, rather branched ; stem simple, assurgent ; leaves linear, very acute ; flowers few, on the top of stems, alternate ; calyx cylindrically-ventricose ; petals revolute, bifid, linear. 1^ . H. Native of Siberia on the Altaian mountains. Cucilbalus fruti- culosus, Gmel. syst. 2. p. 713. Pall. itin. 2. app. no. 1 10. t. T. Petals white or purple. Perhaps S. ciliata. Altaian Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. PI. 1 foot. 109 S. cilia'ta (Pour. act. toul. 3. p. 328.) pubescent ; stems numerous, prostrate, very leafy at the base ; leaves linear, ciUated with bristles ; flowers few, secund; calyx inflated, rla- vated ; petals 2-parted ; recesses of calyx deflexed. 1/. H. Native of Crete and the Pyrenees. S. stellata, Lapeyr. but not of hort. kew. S. Arvatica, Lag. in varied de cienc. 1805. p. 212. S. Pourrettii, Poir. Petals purple. I'ar. li, gcniciildla (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 756.) hardly pubescent ; calyx paler ; petals white. S. geniculita, Pourr. act. toul. 3. p. 328. Ciliated-leaved Catchfly. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1804. PI. trailing. 110 S. Legione'nsis (Lag. gen. et spec. p. 14.) stem slender, simple ; radical leaves lanceolate, acute, ciliated, stem ones few, linear-awl-sliaped ; bracteas ovate, acuminated ; flowers 5-G, secund ; calyx clavated, membranaceous. If . H. Native of Spain in the province of Leone. Petals purple or white. Levne Catchfly, Fl, June, July. PI. 4 to 1 foot. 111 .S. SESSILIFLORA (Dcsf. in Poir. diet, suppl. 5. p. 154.) villous ; stems erect or procumbent, .almost simple, somewhat quadrangular ; lower leaves oblong-spatulate, rather fleshy, upper ones narrow-linear ; flowers sessile, in dichotomous spikes ; calyx turgid ; petals 2-parted. ©. H, Native of Syria. Pe- tals purple or flesh-coloured ? Ses.silc-Jlon Catchfly. Fl. May, Jidy. Clt. 1774. PI. 4 foot. § 2. Petals emarginate, or bijtd. * Small perennial plants, n-ith lanceolate leaves. 122 S. ToMAsiNii (Vis. in bot. zeit. 1829.) clammy-pubes- cent, dwarf; stem slender, branched, woolly at the base; radical haves spatulate, stalked, cauline ones lanceolate-linear, sessile ; flowers dichotomously-panicled ; calyx conico-clavate ; petals emarginate. l/.II. Native of Dalmatia. This is an inter» mediate plant between S. alpestris and S. ijuadridcnlt'ila, but (lifl'ers in the leaves being broader and blunter, and in all parts of the plant being viscid, as well as in the petals being emar- ginate, not 4-toothed. Flowers white. Tomasins Catchfly. Fl. May, July. PI. | to | foot. 123 S. cra'ta (Hank, adunibr. plant. 28.) glabrous; stem fdiform, difluse, branched ; leaves turned backwards, fleshy, channelled, mucronate ; flowers terminal ; calyx clavated, ven- (ricose ; petals 2-partcd, reticulated. If.. H. Native? Poir. diet, suppl. 5. p. 155. Flowers pinkish or white. Gratijtil Catchfly. Fl. May, July. PI. ^ to | foot. 124 .S. uute'stius (Lin. spec. 602.) glabrous; stems rather procumbent, branched ; leaves ovate-lanceolate ; flowers small, panicled ; calyx campanulate, clavated ; petals obcordate, hardly crowned. %. H. Native of the alps of Sweden and Switzer- land, &c. Sturn. deutschl. fl. 1. fasc. 22. t. 10. Flowers very pale pink. A pretty little glaucous plant, something like chick- weed in habit. /Joci Catclifly. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1774. PI. procumbent. 125 S. GLAUciioLiA (Lag. in varied de cicnc. 1805. p. 213.) glabrous ; stem prociniiljent, branched, leafy ; leaves ovate, obtuse, lower ones stalked, upper ones cordate ; flowers small, panicled; calyx clavated ; petals obovalc. i;.H. Nativeof Spain on the mountains of Leone. Flowers ))ale ])ink, nearly white. Very like .S'. rupcslris, but the antlioi>horimi is longer. G7a»coH.s-/cai<;(/ Catchfly. Fl. May, July. Clt. 182o! PI. procumbent. 12G .S. LYCHNlDiFlonA (Ottli. HISS, in D. C. prod. 1. p. 375.) clammy ; stem erect, branched, pubescent at the base ; lower leaves lanceolate-spatulate, pubescent ; iqii)er ones linear-lan- ceolate, glabrous ; flowers loosely panicled ; calyx somewliat ovate ; petals w iih a broad obcordate border. If. ? IT. Native of Candia. Flowers white or reddish. Lychnis-Jloncrcd Catchfly. Fl. June. July. PI. ^ to 1 foot. * * Annual plants, with flowers on long peduncles. Hardly differing from the annual species in the next section. 127 S. clanuesti'na (J.-ic(i. coll. suppl. 5. t. 3. f. 3.) plant pubescent ; stems erect, much branched, slender ; lower leaves oblong, obtuse, upper ones lanceolate, rather narrow ; flowers loosely panicled ; calyx ventricose ; petals short, erect, bifid, with long claws, naked. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals red with a white border. //i(/dcn-flowered Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1801. PI. i foot. 128 S. Porte'nsis (Lin. spec. 704.) glabrous; stem erect, dichotomously-branched ; leaves linear, acute, glabrous, lower ones stalked ; flowers loosely panicled, on long slender pedicels ; calyx clavated, purplish, but with white stripes ; petals bifid. ©. H. Native of Portugal in sandy and gravelly places about Coimbra and Oporto. S. clandestina p, angustifolia, Otfh. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 876. Petids white on tlie upper surface, under surface purplish-green ; a])pendages in the throat white, rather bilid. Flowers only opening in the evening or while the sim is overclouded. OyjoWo Catchfly. Fl. Jime, July. Clt. 1759. PI. ^ to 1 ft. 129 S. antirkui'na (Lin. spec. 600.) almost smooth; stem erect, br.'uiched, rather leafy ; leaves lanceolate, acute, some- what ciliated ; flowers small, panicled ; calyx ovate, glabrous; petals obcordate, crowned. 0. H. Native of North America in waste fields and on the banks of rivers from Pennsylvania to Carolina, common throughout Canada. \'iscago amcr. ivc. Dill, clth. p. 422. t. 31.J. Flowers small, white, or greenish. Snapdragon-like Catchfly. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1732. PI. 1 ft. 130 S. GEMixiFLORA (Willd. cnum. 472.) pubescent; stems rather branched ; lower leaves elliptical-spatulate, upper ones lanceolate, bluntish ; flowers terminal, twin ; calyxes clavated, 10-ribbed; petals bifid. ©. H. Nativeof? Flowers solitary or twin, on the to]) of the branches, purple, but of a livid-pur- plish colour externallv. Tnin-flowered Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. h to 4 foot. 131 S. linifolia (Willd. enimi. 473.) stems branched ; leaves linear-spatulate ; flowers dichotomous, terminal ; calyx cylin- drically clavated, 10-ribbed ; petals bifid. ©. H. Nativeof? Petals greenish-yellow. Flax-lcavi'd CiMcMy. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 foot. 132 S. divarica'ta (Clem, clench, hort. reg. madr. aim. 1800. p. 105.) clanmiy ; stem erect, pubescent, branched: leaves ciliated, lower ones spatulate, obtuse, upper ones lanceo- late, acute ; flowers terminal, as well as in the forks of the stem ; calyx cylindrically-clavated ; petals obovate, emarginate, crowned. ©. H. Native of Sicily. S. Sicida, Cyrillo. Petals rose-coloured. Z>;i'(m'cn. H. Native of Corsica. Perhaps belonging to the present section. Clikkneed-Uke Catclifly. Fl. June, July. PI. procumbent. 154 S. flave'scens (Walds. et Kit. hung. 2. p. l.'Jl. t. 175.) Iioary pubescent ; stems erect, much branched, straight ; lower leaves lanceolate-spatulate, ui)per ones linear ; flowers loosely panicled; calyx cylindrical; petals 2-lobed. 2/. H. Native of Hungary. S. mollis, Horn. hafn. 1. p. 418. Petals yellowish, crowned. }V//o»m//-flowered Catclifly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1804. PI. \ to 1 foot. Sect. VII. Siriioxo.Mo'upiiA (from ai(p(oi; siphon, a siphon, or tube, and itofxjir], morphc, form ; in allusion to the long tu- bular form of the calyx.) Otth. mss. in I). C. prod. 1. p. .'377. Caulescent. Flowers erect or drooping, panicled, rarely solitary, on short opposite pedicels. Calyx tubular, eUindrical or clavate at the apex. § 1. Flowers nodding. Calyxes clavate or cylindrical. 155 S. iongipe'tala (Vent. hort. eels. p. 83. t. 83. Smith, fl. grsBC. t. 419.) glabrous, clammy ; stems erect ; leaves rather fleshy, lanceolate, with scabrous margins ; flowers nodding, loosely panicled ; calyxes clavated ; petals witli a very long 2- parted involute border, and with 2-parted emarginate appendages. Q. H. Native .ibout Aleppo and in the island of Cyprus. Flowers greenish. Petals, stamens, and stvles hairy at the base. Long-pclatlcd CatcUi\y. Fl. June, Aug.' Clt. 182:.'. PI. l|^ to 2 foot. 156 S. longici'lia (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 377.) root woody ; steins pubescent at the base, branched ; leaves lanceolate, acute, lower ones stalked, pubescent, fringed with woolly hairs ; flowers nodding, panicled ; calyxes clavated ; petals 2-parted, each crowned with 2 callosities. 1/ . H. Na- tive of Portugal on calcareous soil near Coimbra, S:c. Cucu- balus longicilius, Brot. (1. his. 2. p. 180. I'lowers white on the upper surface, but purplish on the under. Long-haired Catchfly. Fl. May, Aug. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 157 S. NU TANS (Lin. spec. 596.) pubescent ; stems very leafy at the base ; radical leaves spatulate, ii])])er ones lanceolate ; flowers panicled, drooping one way ; calyx cylindrical-ventri- cose ; petals 2-parted, involulc, with long 2-parted .icute appen- dages. 1/. II. Native almost throughout the whole of Europe in arid meadows. In Britain on limestone rocks and chalky clifis, particularly on the w.alls of Nottingham castle and there- about ; in Dovcdale, Derbyshire ; near north Queensferry, Scot- land ; in Carnarvonshire ; on rocks about Knaresborough, York- shire; .also on the Dover clifl's. Smith, engl. hot. 4{i.). Fl. dan. 242. S. latifolia, Horn. hafn. siijipl. 49.? Lychnis nutans, Scop, earn. 2. p. 525. Peduncles clammy. Flowers white, droop- ing, sweet-scented, exi)anding in the evening. Var. fi, inctina (Scr. herb. D. C. 1. c.) stem leaves and calyxes hoary-tomenlose ; calyx jiale or purplish. 1/. H. Native of Vallais. I ar. y, oligophylla {0\.\h. mss. D. C. 1. c.) plant dwarf, pubes- cent ; stem simple, almost wanting, purplish ; leaves small, spatu- late ; peduncles 1-2-flowered. I'ar. (', ntpina (Reyn. in litt. D. C. 1. c,) plant humble; stems almost leafless ; leaves linear, pilose ; panicles few-flower- ed. T^.H. Native on mount Ganterberg. AW(/(n^-flowered, Nottin'jham or Dover Catclifly. F'l. June, July. Britain. PI. ^ to lA foot. 158 S. viscosA (Pers. encli. 1. p. 497.) plant pubescent, very clammy ; stem simple, leafy ; lower leaves large, lanceo- late, upjier ones linear-lanceolate, undulated ; flowers large, nodding; spike panicled, long; calyx cylindrically-clavated, with 10 stripes ; jietals 2-])arted, without a crest ; stamens very long. 1/. H. Native of Italy, Sweden, and the Levant, on mount Ararat ; also in Britain on the Dover clifl's. Cuciilialus visco- sus, Lin. spec. 592. Leaves almost like those of Cynoglossum officinale, but smaller. Flowers white, fragrant at night, droop- ing all round, not to one side. Clammy Catclifly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1739. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 159 S. infka'cta (Waldst. ct Kit. hung. 3. p. 257. t. 213.) glabrous ; stems very leafy at the base ; radical leaves rather spatulate, upper ones lanceolate-linear ; flowers panicled, droop- ing one way ; calyx cyliiidrically-ventrico.se ; petals 2-parted, crowned, 'l^. H. Native of I lungary. Flowers white, sweet- scented, expanding in the evening. /;i/'rrt(7t(/-peduncled Catcliliv. Fl. June, Julv. Clt. 1800. PI. i to 1 ;, foot. IGO S. Li'viDA (Willd. eiium. p. 474.) pubescent; stem flexuous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate ; flowers panicled, drooping to one side ; jietals bilid, crowned. If.. H. Native of Carniola. Like iie, usually .'i-flowered, erect athr (lowering. C;dvx purplish. Anthophorum short. Perhaps the same as S. sa.r/itilis, .Sims, bot. mag. 689. ^•MMr Catchfly. Fl. Jim., July. Clt. 1800. PI. 1 foot. 162 S. qiadhi'fida (t)ttli. mss. ••md D. ('. prod. 1. p. 378.) stem single, rather tomeiitose ; radical leaves elliptical or spatu- late, upper ones lanceolate ; flowers ])anieled, secuiid ; peduncles 1 -flowered, nodding ; calyxes cylindrical; pet.tls 2-4 cleft, or 2-parted, with bifld lobes. 2/. II. Native about Verona. CuciMialus quadri'iida, Polliii. pi. ver. p. 11. Petals while ? /'(;Mr-c/.;/V-pet.illed Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. ^ to 1 foot. I(i3 S. Hi:'ni:Ns (Vest, in fl. 1821. p. 150.) pilose; stem erect ; eauline leaves lanceolate, floral ones dilated at the base ; flowers nodding, panicled; peduncles 3-6-flowercd; calyx co- CARYOPIIYLLE^. VI. Silene. 409 loured ; petals bifid, crowned. }/ ? H. Native near Claiigen- t'urt. Petals white ? A'f(/-calyxed Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 1 () !• S. LATiFOLlA (Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 414.) stem branched, tall, hairy ; leaves ovate-oblong, hairy beneath ; panicle diffuse, with the branches very clannny ; flowers drooping ; pedicels and calyx coloured, very villous ; calyx clavate ; petals 2-partcd, crowned. l/.H. Native of Barbary ? Flowers white. ^rortrf-leaved Catchfly. Fl. June, Jidy. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 to 1^ foot. 165 S. viRiDiFLoRA (Lin. spec. 597.) covereil with soft hairs ; stem branched, leafy ; leaves large, elliptic-lanceolate, acute, lower ones stalked ; flowers elongated, panicled, drooping ; calyx ventricose, clavated ; petals bifid, with long claws, crowned with bifid linear appendages. ^ . H. Nativeof Portugal and Spain. Lychnis, Sec. Herm. par. 199. t. 199. Flowers greenish-white. " 6'm'»-/oH'erfrf Catchfly. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1739. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 166 S. chloka'ntha (Wiild. spec. 2. p. G94.) plant glabrous; stems erect, simple, rather leafy ; radical leaves lanceolate-spatn- late, with scabrous margins, upper ones short, linear ; flowers panicled, drooping one way ; calyx cylindrical ; petals 2-parted, with filiform lobes. 7/ . H. Native of Germany, Yiscago, &c. Dill. elth. 425. t. 316. f. 408.— IMenlz. pug. t."2. f. 1. (bad.) Panicle clammy. Flowers numerous, greenish-yellow. German grcen-Jloivered Catd\&y. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1732. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 167 S. psAMMfiis (Link, in Spreng. nov. prov. p. 39.) hairy ; leaves lanceolate ; flowers lateral, solitary, drooping ; petals profoundly 2-lobed. 1^. H. Nativeof? Petals cream-coloured. Sand Catchdy. Fl. June, Jidy. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 foot. § 2. Flo7vers erect ; calyxes elongated, clavated. * Small plants, jn'ohably belonging to section Rtqiifraga. Calyxes not clacate. 1G8 S. Nic«;e'nsis (All. ped. no. 1570. t. 44. f. 2.) plant villous, very clammy ; stems branched, rather procumbent ; leaves linear, obtuse ; flowers panicled, nearly erect ; calyx cylindrical ; petals semibifid, with long claws, and bifid appen- dages ; lobes of petals ovate-flat. ©. H. Native in the fields about Nice, and in Portugal, &c. in sand by the sea-side. S. villosa, Mcench. meth. 708. S. arenaria, Desf atl. 1. p. 354. S. arenicola, Presl. ex Spreng. Petals white on the upper sur- face, but of a pale yellowish-purple colour on the under surface, expanding in the evening. Radical leaves like those of Cerds- tium vulgatum. Nice C-dtch&y. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. procumbent. 169 S. RAMo SA ; plant pubescent, clammy ; stems erect, much branched ; leaves narrow, lanceolate ; flowers numerous, pani- cled, erect; calyx ovate; petals bifid. ©. H. Native of Barbary in the sand by the sea-shore. S. ramosissima, Desf. atl. 1. p. 354. Petals small, white. Much-branched CalchRy. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. i to 1 foot. " 170 S. ARENARioiDES (Desf. atl. 1. p. 355.) pubescent; stems somewhat tufted, slender, branched ; leaves narrow-linear; flowers panicled ; calyx tubular, villous ; claws of petals a little higher than the calyx, with a bifid border. 1/ . H. Native of Barbary in corn-fields. Petals white. Calyx purplish. Arenaria-like Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PI. | foot. 171 S. FUsc.i'TA (Link, et Brot. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 413.) stem simple, clothed with glandular pubescence ; leaves lanceo- late ; flowers panicled, on short pedicels; calyx campanulate, viscid, striated, coloured; petals somewhat etnarginate. % . H. Native of Portugal. Flowers reddish brown. Darkened CatcMy. PI. 1 foot. VOL. I. PART. v. • * Perennial, Jlorvcrs white or cream-coloured. 172 S. CATHOLICA (Otth. mss. inD. C. prod. 1. p. 378.) plant velvety, clammy above ; stem erect, branched, leafy ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, nearly smooth ; flowers small, loosely panicled ; calyx clavate ; petals 2-parted, naked ; stamens very long. 11. H. Nativeof Italy and Sicily. Cuci^ibalus Catho- licus, Lin. spec. 593. Cucubalus glutinosus, Retz. S. Mussini, Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 415. Jacq. vind. 1. t. .59. Paniclevery large and spreading. Petals white, with linear lobes. ( 'nicersal Catchfly. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1711. PI. 1 to 3 ft. 173 S. spine'scens (Smith, fl. grtec. t. 431.) stem shrubby at the base, much branched, tufted ; branches opposite, horizontal, as stiff' as spines, pubescent ; leaves stalked, spatulate, mucronn- late, pubescent, upper ones narrow, lanceolate ; floriferous branches erect, panicled; peduncles 1 -flowered; calyx clavate ; petals bifid, with small bifid entire appendages. V^ . F. Native of Asia Minor. Flowers cream-coloured. iS)j/?ie.sce/ii!-branched Catchfly. Shrub 1 to IJ foot. 171 S. TE^NUis (Willd. enum. p. 474.) glabrous ; leaves linear- lanceolate, lower ones rather spatulate, ciliated at the base ; flowers panicled, erect ; peduncles 3-flowered ; bracteas lan- ceolate, \N itli membranous ciliated margins ; calyx cylindrically campanulate; petals 2-parted, with profoundly 2-lobed obtuse appendages. 1^. H. Native of Siberia. Petals pale cream-co- loured. Slender CatcMy. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. | foot. * * * Annual plants, with white flowers. 175 S. DivERsiFoLiA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 378.) stem erect, much branched, hardly pubescent ; cauline leaves oblong-ovate, those on the branches linear, bluntish; flowers small, panicled ; calyx clavate, almost glabrous ; anthophoruni short. 0. H. Native of? S. antirrhina, Hort. madr. Petals whitish ? Divers-leaved Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 176 S. e'legans (Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 185.) stem short, gene- rally 2-flowered, somewhat pubescent ; radical leaves lanceolate- linear, acute, cauline ones very short ; calyx with 10 stripes; petals bifid. ©. H. Native of Portugal ovi the tops of the mountains called Hcrminius, near Cantharus. Petals white, but reddish on the outside. i:/e^fl«/ Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. i foot. 177 S. inape'rta (Lin. spec. 660.) root creeping ; stems nu- merous from the root, simple ; leaves all linear, scabrous or vil- lous, with the margins serrulately-ciliated ; flowers few, panicled, erect ; calyx clavate at the apex ; petals 2-parted, narrow, ob- tuse, w ith bifid entire appendages. 7^ . H. Native of Greece on the mountains, and many places in the south of Europe. Smith, fl. grffic. t. 420.— Dill. elth. t. 314. f. 407. Panicle clammy. Flowers cream-coloured above, but rust-coloured beneath. Unopcn Catchfly. Fl. May, July. Clt. PI. i to J foot. * * * * Perennial, floKcrs small, red, or flesh-coloured. 178 .S. spatcla'ta (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 341.) plant dwarf, pubescent ; root thick, woody; stems numerous, ascending, rather dichotomous ; lower leaves sj)atulate, upper ones ovate ; flowers few, panicled; calyx short, clavate; petals bifid. 1/. H. Na- tive of Caucasus. S. pygmae'a, Adam. app. Web. et Mohr. cat. 1. p. 58. no. 26. Flowers deep-purple, about the size of those of S. fjuini/uevuhicra. Spatulate-leaved C:itchi\y. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Pl.|ft. 179 S. re' PENS (Patrin. herb, in D. C. prod. 1. p. 379.) plant hardly pubescent ; root long, creeping ; stems erect, almost simple ; leaves linear, grassy, acute ; flowers few, erect, pa- 3G ilO CARYOPHYLLE.E. VI. Silene. nicled ; calyx clavate ; petals seini-bifid ; stamens long. 1/ . H. Native of Siberia. Petals red ? CVcf^j/n^r-rooted Catclidy. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. ^ to 1 toot. 180 .S. cLAii'cA (Zea. in Poir. diet, suppl. 3. p. 15S.) plant glabrous, glaucous ; steins erect ; leaves oblong-linear, acute ; flowers 2 or 3, rising from tlie forks of tlie branches ; calyx somewhat cylindrical ; petals rather crenated at the apex. ©. H. Native of? Petals purple. Glaucous C'ateliHy. I'l. June, July. PI. | to 1 foot. 181 S. UNDUL.tFOLiA (Mor. Sard, clench, fasc. 1. 1827.) plant clothed with glandular liairs ; stem erect ; leaves thickisli, oblong-obovate or lanceolate, waved ; flowers diehotomously- panicled, erect ; calyx clavate ; petals rather emarginate. ©. H. Native of .Sardinia. Flowers red ? fVavcd-kavcd Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1829. PI. 1 ft. 182 S. TENUiFoiiA (Otth. mss. in 1). C. prod. 1. p. 379.) plant hardly pubescent ; stem erect, nnich branched, leafy , leaves filiform, acute, ciliated at tlie base; flowers few, panicled ; calyx bladdery, clavated ; petals bifid. ©. H. Native of Da- huria. Petals puri)le. /^i7ie-/f«icrf Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 4 to 1 foot. • • • • • fl„„,,rg large, inirplc, or red. 183 S. Aliama'ni (.Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 379.) l>lant ])ubescent ; stems erect, simple ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers large, few, panicled ; calyx cylindrical, coloured ; petals broad, obcordate. ©. H. Native of Mexico. Petals purple. AUaman's Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 184- S. Virgi'nica ^Lin. spec. 600.) plant covered with clammy pubescence ; stems procumbent, assurgeut, branched ; leaves lanceolate, lower ones on very long footstalks, ciliated at the base ; flowers large, panicled, sometimes crowded ; c.ilyx amply clavated ; petals broad, bifid, crowned, with long claws. "H.. H. Native of North America in the western parts of Virginia and Carolina, and in the Illinois coimtry. S. clieiranthoides, Poir. diet. 7. p. 17G. S. coccinea, Miench. suppl. .'JOli. — PI. aim. 231. t. 203. f. 1.? Petals dark-i)urple. A beautiful species. The leaves of this species are like those of the Globe Amaranth. The plant is reputed antlielmintic. /'(•/-.TiH/nH Catchfly. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1783. PI. procum- bent, 5 to ^ foot. 185 S. Catesb.e A (Walt, carol. 141.) branched, decumbent, clammy ; leaves lanceolate, broad, with roughish margins ; flowers panicled ; calyx clavated, coloured ; petals bifid, with 2 lateral teeth, lobes acute ; claws of petals long ; stamens ex- serted. %.. II. Native of Carolina. Lychnis viscosa, &c. Catcsb. carol. 64. t. 4. S. Virginica, Michx. and Pursh, but not of Lin. A beautifid species, with dark-crimson flowers. Catcshijs Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810. PI. J to 1 ft. 186 S. Mexicana (Moc. et Sesse, fl. uiex. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 379.) plant glabrous ; root thick, horizontal ; stems erect, branched ; leaves lanceolate, acute ; flowers panicled ; calyx clavate, pilose ; petals 4-cleft, lobes acute, furnislied with scale- like ap))eu(la H. Native of Corsica. Petals rose-coloured, with the scales acute. Jar. p, mhior (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 380.) leaves opaque, somewhat fleshy ; flowers and plant smaller. ©. H. Native of Portugal in the sand by tlie sea-side at the Tagus, not far from Lisbon and elsewhere ; it also occurs on dry hills not far from the seashore. S. littorea, Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 186. Petals dark purple, with the scales crenulated. 5i% Catchfly. Fl. Jime, July. Clt. 1801. PI. a 1 foot ; /3 i foot. 199 S. Pi'cTA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 498.) stems much branched, hardly pubescent ; lower leaves obovate-spatulate, upper ones linear, acute ; flowers loosely panicled ; calyx clavate, striped with red ; petals 2-parted, reticulated, crowned ? ©. H. Na- tive of France near Dax. Sweet, fl. gard. 92. S. Reinwardtii, Roth. S. reticulata, Hort. S. anastomosans, Lag. gen. et spec. 1.5. Petals reticulated, with red nerves and veins. A beautiful rush-like plant. Pa/Hferf-flowered Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 200 S. RUGO SA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 498.) plant glabrous ; stems branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute ; flowers terminal or somewhat panicled ; calyx clavate, rather rough from wrinkled crenated stripes. ©. H. Native of ? Petals reticulated, with red veins. Jf'rinklcd-calyxeA Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 201 S. BicoLOR (Thore, land. p. 174.) plant tufted, glabrous ; rather clammy ; stems branched at the base ; leaves linear, flowers panicled ; calyx clavate, reticulated ; petals bifid, lobes lanceolate. ©. H. Native in the west of France, near Dax. D. C. icon. rar. gall. t. 42. S. Portensis, Bonam. prod. Petals reticulated, with red nerves and veins ? r;i'o-co/oitretZ-flowered Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot. 202 S. Kaulfu'sii (Spreng. pi. min. cog. 2. p. C4. no. 123.) plant very smooth ; root fusiform ; stem almost simple ; radical leaves oblong, cauline ones ovate-lanceolate ; flowers panicled ; calyx clavate ; petals toothed, with long claws. 1/ . H. Native at Politz. Flowers purple ? KaulJ'Ks's Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 203 S. Ato'ciox (Murr. syst. ed. 13. p. 421.) stem branched, viscid, pubescent ; leaves roundish-obovate, lower ones on long footstalks, uppermost ones sessile ; panicle fastigiate, tricho- tomous ; calyx long, clavate ; petals obcordate, obtuse, with an acute tooth on each side at the base, crowned by 2 protuber- ances. ©. H. Native of the Levant. Jacq. vind. 3. t. 32. Flowers pink. This plant ought to follow S. orcMdca, Lin. p. 413. no. 24.'). Atoclun Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1 781. PI. h to 1 ft. § 3. Flowers erect ; calyxes long, clavated. The plants contained in this division are easily distinguished by their long, narrow calyx, sometimes even an inch in length. 204 S. RETICULATA (Dcsf. atl. 1. p. 350. t. 99.) plant gla- brous, claiTimy ; stems branched ; leaves lanceolate-linear ; flowers dichotomously panicled ; calyx very long, clavated, reti- culated ; petals obcordate, crowned with bifid acute appendages. ©. H. Native of Algiers. Calyx with 10 stripes, reticidated, with purple veins. Flowers small, rose-coloured, fastigiate. Rcliculated-ea\y:i!.ed Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1804. PI. U foot. 205 S. echina'ta (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 380.) plant pubescent ; stem slender, branched ; cauline leaves small, linear ; flowers panicled ; calyx long, cylindrically-clavated, with 10 bristly echinated ribs ; petals bifid. ©? H. Native of? £chinated-ca\y:s.ed Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 20(3 S. Pennsylva'nica (Mich, fl.bor. amer. 1. p. 272.) plant clammy-pubescent ; stems procumbent ; leaves lanceolate, lower ones rather spatulate ; flowers panicled ; calyx long, tubular ; petals emarginate and rather crenated. 1/ . H. Native of North America in dry sandy woods, and on rocks from New York to Virginia. Ker, bot. reg. 247. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 41. Perhaps the same as S. Vii-ginica, Willd. spec. 2. p. 702. S. Caroliniana, Walt, carol. 142 Flowers purple, very handsome. Pennsylvanian Catchfly. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1806. PI. i to 1^ foot, procumbent. 207 S. succule'nta (Forsk. descr. p. 89.) plant clammy- pubescent ; stems diffiise, thick, branched, leafy ; leaves obo- vate, fleshy ; flowers panicled ; calyx long, somewhat ventricose, ribbed; petals 2-paned, crowned, with very long claws. 1/? H. Native of Egypt at the catacombs of Alexandria. Delile, fl. £egypt. t. 29. f. 2. Flowers purple ? Succulent-\ea.\eA Catchfly. Fl. May. PI. -^ foot. 208 S. Valle'sia (Lin. spec. 603.) plant tufted, clammy, pu- bescent ; root woody ; stems dwarf, assurgent, a little branched ; leaves lanceolate, lower ones spatulate ; flowers terminal, rarely twin; calyx very long, clavate, reticulated ; petals bifid, crowned. %.. H. Native in the alps of Vallais. All. ped. no. 1574. t. 23. f. 2. — Bocc. mus. 65. t. 54. Flowers flesh-coloured or white, smelling at night, of a deeper colour beneath. Vallesian CaicMy. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1765. PI. | foot. 209 S. Ca'spica (Pers. ench. 1. p. 497.) plant scabrous; stems branched ; leaves spatulate-lanceolate ; flowers terminal, and in the forks of the stem ; calyx oblong, cylindrical, pubes- cent ; petals 2-parted, and furnished with a tooth on each side at the base % . H. Native of Caucasus on sterile hills. S. fruticulosa, Bieb. tab. no. 17. S. frutescens, Bieb. casp. 175. S. suffiutescens, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 340. Stems shrubby. Petals pink. C'ai;/j/«H Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. 2 feet. 210 S. Salzma'nnii (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. I. p. 381.) plant tomentosely-pilose ; root woody, branched ; stems simple, leafy ; leaves lanceolate-spatulate, numerous at the base; flowers densely panicled, erect ; calyx long ; petals broad, obcordate, naked. 1/. H. Native of Corsica. Flowers red? Perhaps belonging to section Alocion. Sahmann's Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 211 S. REfluiE^Nii (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 381.) plant pubescent ; root thick, woody ; stem erect, simple, leafy ; leaves oblong-obovate, acuminated ; flowers few, panicled ; calyx very long. % . H. Native of Corsica near Bonifacio. Requieu's Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. PI. 1 foot. 3 G 2 412 CARVOI'IIYLLE.E. VI. Silene. 21^ S. AMCENA (Lin. spec. HOG.) plant ralliiT pul)cscint ; root woody ; stems (lecunil)i'nt, brand. I'll ; lfa\cssott, numerous at tlie bottom, lanceolate, rather acute, nearly smooth ; flowers numerous, disposed in ample secund panicles ; calyx cylindri- eally elavated, obovate ; petals \)ifid, with a converging crest, ■y . H. Native of Tartary. Calyx long. Petals white. Pleasing Catditty. Fl.July. Clt. 1779. PI. decumbent. 213 S. suri^NA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 336.) plant tufted, co- \ered with clammy pubescence ; stems woody, procumbent, branched ; leaves linear, acute ; flowers on short alternate pedicels ; calyxes long, cylindrically elavated, tomentose ; petals with long claws, bifid, crowned ; lobes narrow, diverging. 1^. H. Native of Caucasus. Sims, hot. mag. t. 1!)1»7. Petals white. Far. /5, /alifolia ; leaves broader and flat. 5«y»HC Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. ISOt. PI. procum- bent i foot. 214 S. depre'ssa (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 330.) plant clammy ; root woody ; stems niunerous, branched at the base, leafy, pubes- cent ; leaves small, lanceolate, somewhat ciliated ; flowers soli- tary, terminal, rarely twin ; calyx very long, cylindrically-cla- vated ; petals bifid, with long claws, crowned, "il. . H. Native of Iberia on rocks al)out Tiflis. Flowers white. /)(7jrf4St(/ Catchfly. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 181C. PI. procimibent. 215 S. I'AUADo'xA (Lin. spec. 1G73.) stem erect, pubescent; leaves smooth, hardlv ciliated, lower ones obovately-lanceolate, upper ones linear ; flowers large, disposed in racemose panicles ; calvx long, cylindrically elavated, downy ; petals 2-lobe(l ; lobes broad, obovate, with 2-parted appendages. i; . H. Native of Dauphiny. Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 81-. Flowers large, white. I'liis ])lant is said to grow on the Dover Clifl's, but certainly not to be found there at present. What the older botanists found on Dover Clilis apjjcar to be Siliiic niitans and .S'. riscusa, the one with naked petals and the other with crested petals. I'tir. p,liiiiiiJdHa (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 381.) stem twiggy, simple ; leaves linear, acute. Native about Genoa. /'nr«(/(,.<;c«/ or Dover Catehfly. Fl.July. Clt.? PI. IJ ft. 21G S. ciiLOR.r.ioi.iA (Smith, icon. ined. 1. p. 13. t. 13.) plant very smooth and glaucous ; stems branched ; leaves elliptical, pointed, upper ones rather cordate ; flowers large, disposed in a terminal panicle ; calyx long, cylindrical, rather elavated, striped ; pi tals cloven half-way down, with a 2-lobed crest. 1/ . H. Native of Armenia. Sims, bot. mag. t. 807. Flowers white, turning reddish as thev fade. CVi/y;n-/caKcrf Catchfly. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 179C. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 217 S. Ita'i.ica (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 7o3.) pilosely-pubescent ; stems branched at the base ; lower leaves spatulate, obtuse, stem ones lanceolate, acute, connate ; flowers in spreading panicles ; branches of panicle 3-flowered ; calyx long, elavated ; ])etals 2-lobe(l, obtuse, naked. 1/. H. Native of Italy and Laconia, 1. c. Smith, fl. grarc. 429. Cuciibahis Itiilieus, Lin. spec. 593. Jacq. obs. 4. p. 12. t. 79. Cuciibalus silenoides, Vill. dauph. 3. p. G14. S. Sicula, Presl. Petals white above but flesh-coloured luiderneatb. I'ar. /5, (iina (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 382.) plant a little branched, very soft ; panicle dense. S. mollissima, Lois, not. p. 1G6. Petals white above, 1. c. I'ar. y, rubrijlbra (Otth. mss. in D. C. 1. c.) plant very soft ; calvx purplish ; petals pmple. halmn Catchfly. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 17.'.0. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 218 S. I'ANicvLATA (Oitli. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 382.) plant velvety, clammy ; stem erect, much branched, leafy ; leaves lanceolate, thiekish ; flowers in simple panicles ; calyx cylindrically-clavated, long ; petals bifid ; stamens long. l/.H. Native of? Pi-tals white ? PoHirW Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PI. li foot. 219 .S. PAiciFi-ORA (Salzmann, exsic. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 382.) plant tufted, pubescent ; stems numerous, simple, slender, almost leafless ; leaves linear-lanceolate, niunerous at the base of the stems ; flowers terminal and in few-tlowercd panicles ; calyx narrow, cylindrical; pet.-ds 2-parted, reticulated, crowned. 1^. H. Native of Corsica. Petals strii)ed. /•t-n';/7wi'cre. 102.) root slender; stem erect, almost simple, hairy ; leaves oblong-linear, obtuse, with curled spintdose margins ; flowers solitary, disposed in close bundles; calyx long, clavated ; petals bifid. ©. H. Native of Barbarv. Flowers pink ? C'H/-/«/-leaved Catchfly. Fl. July, Sept. PI. 1 foot. 248 S. Akme'ria (Lin. spec. GOl.) plant quite smooth, glau- cous ; stem branched ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, rather cordate at the base ; flowers in corymbose panicles ; calyx long, clavated ; petals obcordate, crowned. ©. II. Native of France and Switzerland. In England in fields, or on l)anks, or on old walls, a doubtful native. .Sniith, engl. bot. t. 1.31)8. Fl. dan. t. 559. Cuciibalus fasciculatus. Lam. Flowers pink. Var. /3, aiha (D. C. prod. 1. p. 384.) flowers white. Snect-jyUUam or Lobel's Catchfly. Fl. July, Sep. PI. 1 to 1 J foot. 249 S. Lerciienfeldia'na (Baumg, stirp. trans. 1. p. 398.) glabrous; stem filiform, decumbent; leaves oblong or linear- lanceolate, cauline ones ovate-lanceolate, quite smooth, rather crenulatcd ; panicle simple, corymbose, few-flowered ; petals emarginate, crowned. ©. H. Native of Transylvania on the Alps. Flowers red ? Lerchenfeld's Catchfly. PI. decumbent. 250 S. .Sieoe'ri (Baugm. stirp. trans. 1. p. 400.) stem erect, simple, furrowed ; radical leaves numerous, oblong-lan- ceolate, chaniieiled, stalked; cauline leaves 2, linear; flowers terminal, solitary, or 2-3 in an umbel ; calyx clavated, campa- nidate ; |)etals obcordate, crowned? © ? H. Native of Tran- svlvania on the Alps about Rodno. I'lowers pink ? ' Sieger's Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ to 1 foot. 251 S. cosoe'sta (Sibtli. and Smith, prod. fl. gr.xc. p. 300.) plant pubescent ; stem rather branched, nakedish, rather clammy near the top ; leaves obovate, obtuse, green, stalked, crowded at the base of the stem; flowers disposed in dense tufted corymbs; calyx very long, clavated; petals 2-parted, naked. ©. H. Native of the Pyrenees and Greece. Flowers greenish. CroH7/,(/-flowered Catchfly. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 to 11 foot. 252 S. compa'cta (Fiscli. in Horn, hafii. 1. p, 417.) plant glabrous, glaucous ; stem erect, branched ; leaves ovate-cordate, sessile, with 2 large ones like an involucre near the corymb, ap- pearing as if they were connate ; br.icteas narrow, shorter than the pedicels ; flowers crowded into dense corymbs; cdyx very long, clavated ; petals oboval, entire, crowned. S . H. Native of Rus- sia. S. Armaria, Bieb. fl. taur. no. 837. Flowers pink. This is very like S. Armeria, but easily distinguished by its entire petals. Com;xic<-flowered Catchfly. Fl. July. Clt. 1810. PI. 1^ ft. 253 S. periolia'ta (Otth, mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 384.) plant verv smooth, glaucous ; stems slender, filiform, almost simple ; leaves roimdish, perfoliate ; flowers in capitate corymbs, with a 1-leaved concave invulucrum, which is larger than the leaves; calyx rather inflated, oblong; |)ctals small. $. H. Native of the Levant. Cuciibalus chloraefolius, Poir. diet. 2. p. 41G. Flowers red ? /•cr/o/irt/e Catchfly. Fl. June, Jidy. Clt. 1817. PI. U foot. 254 S. UNDILATHOLIA (Mor. ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 182.) stem erect, glabrous; leaves spatulate, oblong, obtuse, waved, smooth ; flowers in terminal fascicles ; calyx smooth, coloured ; petals 2-lobed. ©. H. Native of Sardinia. Flowers red. Wavy-lcavcd Catchfly. Fl. June, July. PI. I foot. 255 S. fce'tida (Link, ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 400.) stem erect, nearly simple, villous, clammy ; leaves ovate, acute, also villous and clammy ; flowers tern, terminal, peduncled, erect ; calyx cylindrical. $ . H. Native of Portugal. This plant ought perhaps to be placed in section Siphunomvrpha. Fa-lid Catchfly. PI. 1 foot ? ■f A plant belonging to section Behendntha, which ought to follow a. anguslifulia, no. 29, p. 400. 256 S. Dougla'sii (Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 88.) pubescent; stems erect, flexuous, slender ; leaves remote, long, linear ; flowers panicled ; calyx obovate, at length inflated, striated, pubescent; petals bifid. %. H. Native of North America above the grand rajiids of the Columbia, and on the ^vestern declivity of the Rocky Mountains. Flowers white. Douglas's Catchfly. PI. 1 foot. Cull. The few green-house kinds of this genus thrive well in a rich light soil, and young cuttings of the shrubby sjjecies, planted under a hand-gl.iss, strike root readily. The hardy her- baceous kinds only re(piire to be planted in the o])en border, but the dwarfer sjiecies are well adapted for rock-work. .Some of them will not live long imless kept in pots, as alpines. that they may be sheltered with ease in the winter, particularly Silene cordifulia pcrfoliiita, Catcsbcea, f'irginica, acaiitis, quadriden- Icila, rupistris, glaucif'ulia, regia, pumllio, pusilla, Pinnsylvd- nica, &c. ; these may be grown in a mixture of loam and peat, as well as those marked frame. The seeds of the hardy annual and biennial kinds only require to be sown in the beginning of April where they are intended to remain. All the species may be easily increased by seeds, but all the Iridy perennial kinds are easier increased by dividing the plants at the root in spring. The sections Nanositcnc, Siplwnomdrpha, ItiipiJ'raga, undAlucion, contain the most elegant species. VII. VISCA'RIA (from viscus, bird-lime; because the stems of the plants are covered with clammy gluten.) Roehler. Lin. svst. Dci/mdria, J'ciitagijnia. Calyx cylindrical, clavated at the apex, 5-toothed, n.-iked. Petals 5, unguiculated, with scales in the throat. .Stamens 10. Styles naturally 5. Capsule 5-celled. Anthophorum long. Evergreen tufted plants, with glassy leaves, and long clustered or corymbose racemes of red or white flowers. 1 V. vui.G.VKis (Roehl.) stem viscid about the joints; petals slightly cloven ; leaves linear-lanceolate, fringed at the base. %. H. Native throughout the whole of the nortii of Europe in dry meadows and in fissures of rocks. In Britain on .Arthur's seat, and on rocks by the hermitage a mile south of Edinburgh ; on the sides of Craig Wreidhin, Montgomeryshire, &c. Lychnis viscaria, Lin. spec. C25. Smith, engl. bot. 788. Fl. dan. t. CARYOPIIYLLE.E. VII. Viscaria. VIII. Lvciisis. 415 1032. — Clus. hist. 1. p. 289. f. 2. Flowers rose-coloured, scentless, disposed in a crowded clustered raceme. Caly.v purplish. far. ii,Jldre-pleno ; flowers double. This plant is very com- mon in rustic gardens, where it is called Double Catcliflij. It is a very ornamental plant. Common Red German Catclifly, or Rock Lychnis. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. 1 to li loot. 2 V. negle'cta (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 18G.) stem not clammy ; petals entire ; leaves lanceolate, linear, ciliated at the base. 1{..H. Native of? Lychnis viscaria albillora, Hort. Flowers white. An elegant plant. Xcghrlcd Rock Lychnis. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? PI. 1 foot. S V. alpina; smooth, not viscid; petals cloven; flowers densely corymbose ; leaves linear-lanceolate, naked at the base. %. H. Native of several parts in the north of Europe, La))land, Denmark, &c. also said to grow on the Pyrenees. In Scotland, near the summits of the Clova Mountains, in Ani>us-shire. Lychnis alpina, Lin. spec. C2C. Smith, engl. bot. 2254. Fl. dan. 62. Flowers crowded into a dense tuft at the top of the stems, of a bright rose-colour, tetragynous in the American plant. .i4(/jrat? Red Campion or Rock Lychnis. Fl. June, July. Scot- land. PI. i foot. 4 V. Helve'tica (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. 186.) smooth, not viscid ; leaves lanceolate, naked at the base ; petals cloven to the middle, acute ; calyx ventricose ; flowers crowded into a convex umbel ; anthophorum long. 1/ . H. Native of Switzerland on the Alps. Lychnis alpina, Sims, bot. mag. 394. Flowers beautiful rose-coloured ; petals crowned with small protuberances rather than teeth ; this is said to be the case in /'. alphw. Hall. hist. 1. p. 400. t. 17. There are several species under the name of Li'/dinis alj'lna in the gardens. The one so named in the Botanical Magazine is a biennial plant. Sn'iss Red Campion or Rock Lychnis. Fl. June, July. Clt. ISIO. PI. i foot. 5 V. Magella'nica ; plant rather villous, tufted ; leaves linear, acute ; flowers in terminal fascicles ; petals emarginate, with a tooth on each side at the base ? equalling the campanulate calyx in length. "If. . F. Native of the Straits of Magellan. Ly'chnis Magellanica, Lam. diet. 3. p. 641. Magellan Rock Lynchis. PI. ^ foot. Cult. Pretty plants, well adapted for rock-work, or the front of flower-borders. They thrive best in light sandy soil. f. alpina and F. Helvetica grow well in pots as alpines. They are all increased by dividing the plants at the root, this should be done three times in the course of the summer, for when they become large and matted they are apt to be destroyed by a kind of green insect. VIII. LY'CHNIS (from Xvxfog, lychnos, a link or lamp; probably in allusion to the brilliancy of the flowers of most of the species.) Lin. gen. no. 231. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 761. Lin. syst. Dccdndria, Pcntagijn'ta. Calyx cylindrical, clavated, 5-toothed, naked. Petals 5, unguicidate, crowned with scales at the throat. Stamens 10. Styles 5. Capsule 1- celled. Anthophorum long or short. Smooth, hairy, or woolly herbs, with terminal corymbs of flowers rarely solitary. 1 L. Chalcedo'xica (Lin. spec. 625.) plant smoothish, clammy ; flowers corymbose, in bundles ; calyx cylindrical, cla- vated, ribbed ; petals 2-lobed ; anthophorum long; leaves lan- ceolate, rather cordate at the base, and rather pilose, clasping the stem. 11. H. Native of Siberia about Barnaoul and in Japan. Curt. bot. mag. 257. — Clus. hist. 1. p. 192. f. 1. Flowers either scarlet, rose-coloured, or white. far. il,Jlbre-pleno ; flowers double, scarlet. Double scarlet Lychnis. Var. 7, albijlora ; flowers single, white. White Lychnis, Far. S, dlbo-plina ; flowers double, white. Double White Lychnis. This most shewy plant is called Scarlet Lychnis m England. Croix de Maltlie in France and Portugal ; Croce de Cavaliere in Italy ; Croix de Jcrxisalem in Spain. C7(n/ce(/o)«'«ra or Scarlet Lychnis. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1596. PI. 1 J to 3 feet. 2 L. Flos-joVis (Lin. spec. 625.) plant white from tomen- tum ; flowers in umbellate heads ; calyx cylindrical, clavated, ribbed ; petals 2-lobed ; anthophorum short, thick ; leaves lan- ceolate, clasping the stem, silky-tomentose. % . H. Native of Switzerland and Piedmont on dry rocks. Curt. bot. mac. 390. — Mor. hist. 2. p. 540. sect. 5. t. 36. f 2. Peduncles shon, rather branched. Flowers purple or scarlet. Far. ft, rambsa (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 385.) flowers in panicled corymbs. %. H. Native of Savoy on mount Bre^ son. Flowers red. Flower of Joec or Umbellate Lychnis. Fl. July. Clt. 1726. PI. 14 foot. 3 L. grakdiflo'ra (Jacq. coll. 1. p. 119. pi. rar. t. 84.) plant glabrous ; flowers solitary or tern, terminal and axillary ; calyx terete, clavated, ribbed ; petals lacerated ; anthophorum very long ; leaves ovate, almost sessile. %. G. Native of China and Japan. Lychnis coronata, Thunb. jap. 187. Delaun. herb. amat. t. 25. Curt. bot. mag. 223. Flowers large, beau- tiful scarlet, pale beneath. Far. ft, tetrapetala (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 386.) calyx 4-toothed. Petals 4. Great-flowered Lychnis. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1774. PI. 1 to 1^ foot. 4 L. fu'lgens (Fisch. in Sims, bot. mag. t. 2104.) plant hairy ; flowers in fastigiate corymbs ; calyx terete, clavated, woolly ; petals 4-cleft, outer segments awl-shaped; anthophorum short ; leaves ovate, hairy. 1/ . H. Native of Siberia. Ker, bot. reg. 478. Rchb. icon. t. 5. Flowers large, beautiful, of a vermilion colour. Fulgent Lychnis. Fl. June, Jidy. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 to 2 foot. 5 L. cce'li-ro'sa (Desrouss. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 644.) plant glabrous ; stem dichotomously panicled, erect ; flowers solitary, terminal ; calyx clavated, with 10 ribs ; lobes very acute ; petals lobed; leaves linear, acute ; anthophorum long. ©• H. Native of Sicily, Barbary, and the Levant, in corn-fields, &c. Agro- stemma coe'li-rosa, Lin. spec. 624. Curt. bot. mag. 295. — Moris, hist. sect. 5. t. 2. f. 32. Flowers flesh-coloured. Far. a, piusilla (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 537.) stem much branched at the base; leaves linear, acute, almost glabrous. ©. H. Native of Spain by the sea shore. Far. ft. Ice vis (Poir. 1. c.) stem angular, erect ; leaves smooth. O. H. Far. y, aspera (Poir. 1. c.) stem almost round ; leaves narrow, rough; angles of the calyx rough, serrulated. ©. H. Fur. c, diffusa (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 122.) stem flexuous, decumbent. Q. H. Rose of heaven or smooth Lychnis. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1713. PI. I to 1 foot. Cult. All the species of this genus are deserving of culti- vation for the brilliancy of their blossoms. The Lychnis Chalce- donica or scarlet lychnis, is an old and much esteemed border- flower, the double varieties of which require some care to prevent them from returning to a single state, and to propagate them by cuttings. L.J'iilgcns and grandijlbra are truly elegant plants, these may be also increased by cuttings. They all thrive best in light rich loamy soil, but they must often be taken up and divided or they dwindle away ; the best time to do this is early in spring. L. grandi/lora will thrive well and flower 1 IKJ CARYOl'HYLLE.E. IX. Agrostemma. a))iiii(l.-iiilly if planted out in the open border in sprin-j ; but it riciuires to be taken up in tbe autumn and potted, or the frost uill kill it. All the species may be reared by cuttings, planted under a hand-glass, or by seeds, which generally ripen in abund- ance. The L. cwU-rvsa is an elegant hardy annual plant, tlie seeds of which only require to be sown in the open border in spring. IX. AGROSTE'MMA (from aypnc ogro4-,afield, andirrf/i^ia, sicmma, a crown ; alluding to the beauty of the flowers, which were forn:crly made into crowns or garlands). Lin. gen. no. 231. Lin. svst. Dccandria, Pcntagijnia. Calyx egg-sliaped or campanulate, w itli 5 short teeth. Petals .'i, ungiiicnlate, crowned. .Stamens 10. Styles 5. Capsule 1-celled. Anthopliorum very sliort, or wanting. Evergreen plants with broadish leaves and 1- flowered jjeduncles. 1 A. ai'e'tala (Lin. spec. 626. under A i/'t/inix,) stem straight, 1 -flowered ; flower nodding ; calyx inflated, bladdery, striated, hairy ; petals shorter than the calyx ; anthopliorum very short ; leaves linear, lower ones spatulate. T/.II. Native of the alps of Lapland and Siberia. Lin. fl. lap. t. 12. f. 1. There are numerous varieties of this plant, but probably as many distinct species. far. a, liorteiisis (Cham, in .Schlecht. Linnaca. 1. p. 4-3.) stem simple, 2 feet high, 1 -flowered, pubescent ; flower nodding. Far. (i, pauci/lbra (D. C. prod. 1. p. 386.) stem bearing 1-2 or 3 flowers ; petals hardly longer than the calyx. L. uniflora and pauciflora, Fisch. in liti. L. bracliypetala. Cat. hort. berl. ex Horn. hort. Iiafn. supjjl. p. 51. Petals white. Far. y, gentianu'idcs (Cham. 1. c.) stem di-trichotomons, 8 ii\chcs high, smooth, one of the stems bearing 7 flowers the other 4 flowers. Native of Eschscholtz Bay. Far. i, ginu'iiia (Cham. 1. c.) pubescent, bvit when in fruit smooth, or a little pubescent. 1/ . II. Native of Europe. Far. £, 7ti6lli.i (Cham. I. c.) plant densely tufted, 9 inches long and trailing, glaucous, and of a more soft habit than the other varieties ; calyx more inflated ; young leaves ciliated, but smooth in other respects. Native of! Far. i, macroccjilia/a (Cham. 1. c. p. H.) root woody, with luunerous stems rising from it, forming a dense tuft ; leaves narrower than in the preceding, pubescent ; stems 3-1 inches high; flowers deep red. Native of the island of St. Lawrence. Two species are described by Ledebour in the Petersburg Transactions. L. pnucijlhra and unijldra, which do not appear to differ from some of the above varieties. Apclalous Rose-campion. El. June, Jul. Clt. 1810 ; /3 1817. PI. 4 to 1 J foot. 2 A. iNvoLixnA TA ; j)lant smooth at the l)ase and pubescent at the apex ; radical leaves linear; stems filiform, 1 -flowered; with some narrow elongated leaves in the middle and some smaller ones approximating the flower in the form of an in- volucre ; petals longer than the calyx ; calyx bladdery. IJ.H. Native of? Lychnis bracliypetala, var. involucrata, Cham. 1. c. Involiwratc Uose-canijiion. PI. i foot. 3 A. variega'ta (Desf. cor.Tourn. 71. t. .06. under Lychnis,) plant glabrous ; flowers terminal ; calyx inflated ; petals emar- ginate, variegated ; stamens protruding ; leaves roundish, fleshy, glaucous; footstalks connate at the base. "ii.. H. Native on Mount Ida. Flowers variegated. Faricgalcd-ftowvmd Uose-campion. PI. J foot. 4 L. sylve'stius (Hop. cent. exs. 3. no. 3.'). D.C. fl. fr. l. \i. Tr,.'!. under /,i/(7(;i(.v,) hairy and viscid; flowers dichotomovisly- panicled, generally dioecious ; petals cloven ; lobes narrow, di- verging ; capsides roundish, with recurved teeth ; leaves ovate or lanceolate. 1/. II. Native almost throughout the whole of Europe in humid shady places. In IJiilain in moist shady jilaces and under hedges, frequent. L. dii'irna, Siblli. oxon. 145. L. dioica a, Lin. spec. 62(). L. dioica flore-riibro, .Smith, engl. bot. 157io; flowers double, red. 1^ . H. Cultivated in gardens, where it is called Bachelors' buttons. Far. y, pi/gnia''a (Ser. mss. in I). C. prod. 1. p. 386.) small ; leaves rather imbricated ; stems bearing only 1 or 2 flowers. 11- II. Native on Mount Margazola. I'lowers red. /('//(/ Hed-cauipion. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. o 1 to 2 feet ; /3 1 and y [ foot. 5 L. DioicA (Lin. spec. 626. var. /3. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 7G2. imder I,i',c]inis,) hairy and viscid ; flowers dichotomonsly-jiani- cled, dioecious; ])etals cloven; lobes broad, approximating; capsules conical, with erect teeth; leaves ovate. Vr- H. Na- tive throughout the whole of I'iurope in fields, hedges, and by way-sides; plentiful in Britain. L. vespertina, .Sibth. oxon. 146. L. alba, Mill. diet. no. 4. L. dioica fl«)re-albo. Smith, engl. bot. t. Ij80. Fl. dan. t. 792. I'lowers white, sweet-scented in the evening. Petals crowned with 4 teeth. Calyx inflated. Far. /5, multiplex (D. C. prod. 1. p. 386.) flowers white, double, sweet-scented in the evening. 1/. H. Cultivated in gardens, but rare. Far. y, rosea; flowers blush-coloured, often with stamens and pistils together. Bearing white and red flowers on the same plant when transplanted. 2/. II. Native of Britain in hedges and fields, but rare. Far. (, virutijVora (.Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 386.) flowers double, with green petals. Dioecious Uose-campion. Fl. June, Sept. Brit. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 6 A. DECLiNis (Lag. gen, et spec. 15. under Lychnis,) plant pilose ; stems tufted, dichotomous, leafy ; flowers dioecious, on loni; pedicels, terminal .-uid axillary ; calyx terete, striped ; fruc- tiferous ones rather globose, teeth small ; petals cmarginate ; stamens not protruding ; leaves and braeteas ovate-lanceolate ; anthophorum none. 1/. H. Native of Spain in the province of Valentia. Agrostemma dioica, L. Duf. in litt. Flowers white or red. Declining Kose-e.impion. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 to 1{ foot. 7 A. l.e'ta (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 118. ed. 2. vol.3, p. 134. under Lychnis,) flowers solitary ; calyxes with 1 0 ribs ; petals bifid ; leaves linear-lanceolate, rather ciliated. ©. H. Native of Por- tugal in bogs and moist meadows, particularly about Coimbra. L. paKistris, Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 221. phyt. Ins. iasc. 1. A pretty little plant with rose-coloured flowers. Joyful Rose-campion. Fl. July. Clt. 1778. PI. \ to ^ ft. 8 A. CousicA (Lois. not. 73. under Lychnis,) stem erectish, branched, somewhat dichotomous ; peduncles elongated, 1- flowered ; pct.ils oblong, somewhat emarginated ; leaves linear- lanceolate, glabrous. %. H. N;itive of Corsica. Perlia])s distinct from L. Ue'la. A beautiful little plant with red flowers. ror«icn« Rose-campion. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1S18. PI. J ft. 9 A. niva'lis (Kit. in litt. under Lychnis. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 421.) smooth; radical leaves oblong, ciliated, tapering into the petiole ; scape 1 -flowered; braeteas linear, elongated, ci- liated ; calyx campanulate, e(|ual, obtusely-toothed ; petals large, lobed, crowned in the throat. T^. II. Native of the Carpa- thian mountains. Snow R()se-cani])i()n. PI. ^ foot. 10 A. Sim'iiu A (I. in. spec. 626. under Li'/chnis,) stems tufted ; flowers in dieliotomous buiulles and solitary in the forks of the stem on long stalks ; calyx campanMlately-globose ; lobes very short, obtuse ; petals bifid ; anthojihorum none ; leaves linear, and are as well as stems hairy. %. H. Native of Siberia. .Stature of Silcne rupeslris. I'lowers pink. CARYOPHYLLE^. IX. Agrostemma. X. Gitiiago. XI. Velezia. 417 Siberian Rose-campion. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI. •^ to ^ foot. 11 A. Pyrena'ica (Berg. fl. b.iss. pyren. 2. p. SGt. under Lijchnis,) irlabrous ; stems tufted, diffuse ; flowers in diclioto- moLis bundles, with a single flower in each fork, which stands on a long peduncle ; calyx canipanidate, lobes short ; petals rather eiuarginatc, appendiculate ; leaves leathery, radical ones spatu- late, on long footstalks, cauline ones cordate, sessile. %. H. Native of the Pyrenees on rocks. D. C. icon. fl. gall. rar. fasc. 2. ined. L. nummularia, Lapeyr. abr. p. 263. Flowers red or white. Pijrcnean Rose-campion. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. -j to I'foot. 12 A. TRiFL^RA (Sommerfelt, in mag. natur. ann. 1824. cah. 1. p. 151. under Lijchnis,) stem 3-flowered ; peduncles and calyx clothed with viscid down ; stem erect, very short, pubescent ; leaves densely-pubescent, radical ones crowded, lanceolate, acutish, entire, ciliated, with a pair of cauline ones hardly an inch from the root ; bracteas (5, opposite by twos, approximating the flowers in the manner of an involucrum ; calyx ventricose ; petals emarginate, longer than the calyx. % . H. Native of Greenland. Flowers erect, white, 2 lateral ones on short pedi- cels, middle one on a long one. Stigmas pubescent. Three-JioKered Rose-campion. Pi. ^ to ^- foot. 13 A. pu LCHRA ; herbaceous, canescent, viscidly-pubescent ; stem erect, few-flowered ; leaves lanceolate, acute, lower ones tapering into the petiole, upper ones sessile, half-stem-clasping ; flowers large, on long peduncles, like those of A. sylvcstris, p. 41G. no. 4. but nearly twice the size, and red ; calyx tubular, 10 lines long, 10-striped, 5-toothed ; teeth broad, with pellucid margins, and with a green nerve running through the middle ; petals quadrifid, lateral segments smallest. 1/ . F. Native of Mexico at the bottom of mount Oriziba. Lychnis piilchra, Schlecht. et Cham, in LinnaBa 5. p. 334. Fair Rose-campion. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 14 A. fimbria'ta ; stem erect, nearly simple, panicled at the top, pubescent; leaves ovate, acuminated, 3-5-nerved ; calyx inflated ; petals fringed. 1^ . H. Native of Kamoon in the East Indies. Lychnis fimbriilta. Wall. mss. Flowers white ? Like Silene tnjlata. This plant comes near to A. apitala, p. 416. no. 1. T^WHo-erf-petalled Rose-campion. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 15 A. infla'ta ; erect, pubescent ; leaves ovate, acute, lower ones stalked, upper ones sessile ; stem 1 -flowered ; flower nod- ding ; calyx much inflated, not much shorter than the petals. % . H. Native of Kamoon in the East Indies. Lychnis infl^ta, Wall. mss. This plant comes near to A. sylvestris, p. 416. no. 4. IiiJIaled- calyxcd Rose-campion. PL 1 foot. 16 A. FLos-cu'cuLi (Lin. under Lychnis,) stems ascending; smoothish ; flowers in dichotomous bundles ; calyx campanulate, with 1 0 ribs ; petals torn, appendiculate. 11 . H. Native of Europe in moist meadows and bogs, plentiful in Britain. Lam. ill. t. 391. Smith, engl. hot. 573. Curt. lond. fasc. 1. t. 3S. Oed. fl. dan. t. 59(1. Flowers scentless, rose-coloured. I'ar. /3, albijlora ; flowers white. ^''"■- y. Jjbre-pleno ; flowers double, rose-coloured. Culti- vated sometimes in gardens. Ciickoo-foner or Ragged-robin. Fl. June. Britain. PI. 1 to H foot. 17 A. corona'ria (Lin. spec. 625.) plant woolly; stems dichotomous; peduncles elongated, 1 -flowered ; calyx some- what campanulate, ribbed ; petals emarginate, crowned, serrated ; leaves lanceolate, very broad, leathery. 2/ H. Native of Italy, Switzerland, and Tauria, by the sides of woods on vol. I. PART. V. the Alps. Curt. bot. mag. t. 24. Lychnis coroniria. Lam. diet. 3. p. 643. — Knor. del. 1. t. R. 20. Flowers white, with the middle red. Far. p, rubra; flowers single, red. In gardens. Var. 7, alba ; flowers single, white. In gardens. Far. S, plena ; flowers double, red. In gardens. Crowned or Common Rose-campion. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1596. PI. 1 to 2 feet. A species not sufficiently knorvn. 18 A. Lusita'nica (Mill. diet. no. 8. under Lychnis,) stem erect; calyx striated, acute ; petals dissected. l^.H. Native of Portugal. Portugal Rose-campion. PI. 1 foot. Cult. Some of the species of Agrostcmma are very orna- mental, and well adapted for flower-borders. They will all grow freely in any common garden-soil. The perennial species are either increased by dividing at the root or by seed. The seeds of the annual species require only to be sown in the open border where they are intended to remain. X. GITHA'GO (from gith or git, a black aromatic seed, which was employed in the kitchens of the Romans. The seeds of the Nigella satlca, which those of Githago much resemble. Ago in botany, when it terminates a word, usually signifies resemblance with the word that precedes it, as gith and ago, resembling gith). Desf. cat. 159. Agrostemma, spec. Lin. Lychnis, spec. Lam. Lin. syst. Decandria, Pentagy'nia. Calyx campanulate, coriaceous, with 5 long, leafy segments. Petals 5, unguiculate, undivided, naked. Stamens 10. Styles 5. Capsule 1 -celled, 5-valved. Anthophorum wanting. Upright annual plants, with largish red or white flowers, and long leafy calycine teeth. 1 G. SEGETUM (Desf. cat. p. 159.) plant hairy; stem dicho- tomous ; flowers on long stalks ; leaves linear ; calyx equal in length to the corolla. ©. H. Native among corn in all jiarts of Europe, and North America around Quebec ; plentiful in Britain. Agrostemma Githago, Lin. spec. 624. Smith, engl. bot. 741. Curt. lond. fasc. 3. t. 27. Martyn, rust. t. 105. Fl. dan. 576. Drevers bilderb. t. 22. Lychnis Gitlrigo, Lam. diet. 3. p. 643. — Fusch. hist. 127. icone. Flowers purple, with bluish streaks. This is a very troublesome weed in corn- fields : it should be eradicated by hand before flowering. Corn-cockle. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. 1 to 3 feet. 2 G. Nicse'nsis ; plant hairy ; stem dichotomous ; flowers on long pedvmcles ; calyx longer than the corolla. ©. H. Native in fields about Nice. Lychnis Nicseensis, Willd. spec. 2. p. 805. Agrostemma Nicaeensis, Pers. ench. 1. p. 519. Flowers white, sometimes streaked with red. Nice Corn-cockle. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1794. PI. 1 to 2 ft. Cult. The seeds of these plants only require to be sown in the open border in spring in patches. The plants are very eleeant when in flower. XI. VELE'ZIA (in honour of Franc. Velez, a Spaniard, author of a small book on C'«ietcs). Lin. gen. no. 448. Gaert. fruct. 2. t. 129. f 12. D. C. prod. 1. p. 387. Lin. syst. Decandria, Digynia. Calyx tubular (f. 79. h.), 5-toothed. Petals 5, short, with filiform claws (f. 79. d.), beard- ed in the throat (f. 79. c), and with an emarginate border. Sta- mens 10 (f 79. e.). Styles 2 (f. 79. g-.). Capsules 1-celled, lonif, cylindrical (f. 79. i.). Seed imbricate. Slender prostrate herbs with narrow leaves and long calyxes, like the pink. 3 H H8 CARYOI'IIVLLE.E. XI. Vklezia. XII. Drypis. XIII. Viviasia. XIV. Ortegia. 1 V.Ri'ciDA(Tiin.spec. 474.) caly.x filiform, pu- bcscont ; petals bifid. ©. II. Native of tiie South of France and in many otlior parts of the south of Lurope and north of Africa, also the Grecian islands, in corn-fields. Smith, rt. grac. .'390.— Bocc. mus. 2. p. 50. t. 4.5. — Buxb. cent. 2. p. 41. t. 4".— J. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 3')'2. icon. Corolla small, with a rose-coloured border. Stem much branched, prostrate. /?;^r;,i Velezia. Fl. July. Clt. 1G83. PI. prostrate. 2 V. quadridentVta (Sibth. and Smith, fl. grace, t. 391.) calyx long, clavated, smooth; petals 4-toothed. ©. H. Na- tive of Asia Minor. V. clavata, D'Urv. enum. pi. archip. 28. no. 234. Petals rose-coloured. /"o«r-/oo/;ic(/-petalled Velezia. Fl. Ju. Jul. PI. ^ to i foot. Cull. Beautifid little plants, only requiring to be sown in the open border in spring, where they will flower and seed freely. A dry sandy soil suits them best. XII. DRY'PIS (from cpvirrw, dnjpto, to tear, on account of the leaves being armed witli slifl" spines). Lin. gen. no. 519. Gajrt. fruct. 2. t. 28. f. 12. D. C. prod. 1. p. 388. Lin. syst. Pcntandria, Tiigijnia. Calyx tubular, 5-toolhed. Petals 5, unguiculate, with a 2-parted limb, and furnished each with a bilid appendage in the throat. Stamens 5. Styles 3. Capsules 1-celled, cut, round, 1-seeded from abortion. An evergreen furze-like plant, with fastigiate corymbs of small, pale-blue flowers. 1 D. sriNosA (Lin. spec. 390.) I; . H. Native of Maurita- nia, Italy, and Istria. Jacq. vind. t. 49. Sims, bot. mag. 2216. — Nioris. hist. 3. p. 161. sect. 7. t. 32. f. 8. — Lob. icon. 789. Tabern. icon. 144. Stems at first procumbent, 4-sided, flowering stems erect. Leaves stifl", awl-shaped, somewhat trigonal, mucronated. Bracteas with 3 teeth on each side. Flowers corymbose, pale-blue. A beautiful plant, when in flower. ,S/)/noit' Drypis. Fl. Jime, Aug. Clt. 1775. Shrub -^ foot. Cull. This pretty little plant is admirably adapted for orna- menting rock-work ; in this situation it becomes suHVuticose, and produces an innumerable quantity of flowers. It may be either increased by cuttings planted in sand under a hand-glass, or by seeds, which should l)p sown in a pot filled with an equal mix- ture of loam, sand, and Jjeat, and when the ])lants become of sufficient size they shoidd be separated and planted on the top of rock-work, taking care to water them inuil they have emitted fresh fibres. XIII. VIVI.V NIA (in honour of Dom. Viviani, M.D. a professor and botanist of Genoa, author of Annali di Botanica, 2 vols. 8vo. Genoa. 1802 and 1804, &c.). Cav. anal, de cienc. 7. p. 212. Macrae a, Lindl. in Brande's journ. scienc. for Jan. April 1828, vol. 35. p. 204.^ Lin. syst. Dccindria, Trigtjn'ia. Calyx campanulate, 5- toothed. Petals 5, inserted in a short torus, unguiculate, per- manent, twisted in a.'stivation. Stamens 10, inserted on the top of the torus. Style short, crowned by 3 linear stigmas, with reflexed margins. Capsule 3-cellcd, 3-valved. Valves separating from the axis even to the placenta, as in Linecc. Dry shrubs, natives of Chili, with opposite exstipulate leaves, 1 covered with simple down. Flowers disposed in terminal, co- rymbose panicles, they arc either white or red. 1 V. oRANDiFLoRA ; leaves grey and glandular beneath with prominent veins ; branches pubescent ; peduncles shorter than the leaves, f; . G. Native of Chili near ."Santiago. Macraea grandiflora, Lindl. 1. c. Hook. bot. misc. pt. 2. p. 175. Flowers white or red. Grcal-Jloifcrcd Viviania. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 2 V. I'ARVIFLORA ; Icavcs white and gl.indular beneath, ivith obscure veins ; branches cobwcbbcd ; ]>eduncles shorter than the leaves. Tj . G. Native of Chili with the last. Macrac'a parviflora. Lindl. I. c. Hook, bot. misc. pt. 2. p. 176. Flowers white. Siiitill-Jloivcrcd Viviania. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 3 V. MARiFO LiA (Cav. anal, de cien. 7. p. 212. t. 49.) leaves distant, white, and glandless beneath ; branches pubescent ; peduncles elongated, h . G. Native of Chili on the Andes at the pass of Cumbre. Macrte'a rosea, Lindl. 1. c. Hook, bot. misc. pt. 2. p. 176. t. 50. Flowers rose-coloured. Marum-lcaccd Viviania. Fl. Nov. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 4 V. cresa'ta ; leaves deeidy-crenate, with reflexed margins, whitish-tomentose beneath ; flowers sub-corymbose ; petals white. (7 . G. Native of Chili on the Andes near La Guardia, at the height of 5000 feet. Macrae'a crenita, Hook. bot. misc. 2. p. 177. CrcnateAeAxcii Viviania. PI. 1 foot. Cult. The species of this genus are very ornamental, but none of them have been introduced to the gardens. A itiixture of loam and sand will no doubt suit them, and the ])lants may be either increased by young cuttings under a hand-glass, or by seeds. Tribe II. Alsi'ne.e (plants agreeing with Alslnc in having the calyx cleft to the base) D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 166. prod. 1. p. 388. Sepals of calyx 4 or 5, free, or hardly connected at the base. XIV.? ORTE'GIA (in honour of Casimir Gomez de Ortega, a Spanish botanist, once professor of botany at Madrid). Lin. gen. no. 33. Gsert. fruct. 2. t. 129. f. 8. D. C. prod. 1. p. 388. Lin. syst. Tridndria, Monogijn'm. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla wanting. Stamens 3 ; anthers cordate. Style 1. Stigma capitate. Capsules 1-celled, 3-valved. Seeds fixed to the bottom of the capsule. — The leaves are furnished with a small black gland on each side at the base. Inconspicuous, weed-like plants. 1 O. IIispa'nica (Lin. spec. 49.) stems dichotomous, pedun- cles short ; flowers dichotomously-corymbose. 7/ . H. Native of Spain in the provinces of Castile and Salamanca. Flowers greenish- grey. ,S';)rtHii/i Ortegia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1768. PI. 4 foot. 2 O. diciio'toma (Lin. mant. 1 74.) stems dichotomous ; pe- duncles elongated; flowers dichotomously-paniclcd. %.. H. Native of Piedmont and Spain. O. Ilispunica, Cav. icon. 1. p. 47. All. ))ed. str. t. 4. f. 1 . O. diehotoma of D. C. fl. fr. 4. no. 4376 is perhaps a distinct species. Flowers greenish. Z)ic/io?o)«oui-panicled Ortegia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot. Cult. Ortegia is a genus of insignificant looking herbaceous plants, consequently not worth cidtivating, except in botanical gardens. They should be grown in pots, well drained with potsherds, in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat, or on rock- work ; they are e.isily increased by seeds, and cuttings will root freely under a hand-glass. CARYOPHYLLE.E. XV. Gouffeia. XVI. Buffonia. XVII. Sacina. 419 XV. GOUFFEIA (in lionour of Gouffe tie la Cour, «lio wrote a memoir on the exotic vegetables naturalized at Mar- seilles in 1818). Kobill. et Cast. diss. ined. D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 609. prod. 1. p. 388. Lin. syst. VecdnJria, Dtgijnia. Calj'x 5-parted, spreading. Petals 6, entire. Stamens 10. Style 'Z. Capsules globose, 1 -celled, 2-vaived, 1 -^-seeded. An inelegant herb like /^;x'?i«)!rt lenuifuUa or Biiffuiiiu tcniiifdliii. 1 G. arenarioi'des (Rob. et Cast. 1. c. &-c.) branches diva- ricating ; flowers somewhat corymbose ; leaves linear, short, deflexed. 0. H. Native about Marseilles. Flowers white. Sand-ivort-l'ike Goufteia. Fl. Jime, July. PI. \ foot. Cult. Goi'iff'eia only requires to be sown on rock-work, or in the open border, where it will flower and ripen seed freely, but being a weed-looking plant it will be scarcely worth culti- vating, except in botanical gardens. XVI. BUFFO" NI A (in honor of Count de Bufltbn, the cele- brated French naturalist). Sauv. nieth. foi. 141. Lin. gen. no. 225. Gsert. fruct. 2. p. 129. f. 1. D. C. prod. 1 . p. 388. Lin. SYST. Tetnhidria, Digyn'ta. Calyx of 4 sepals. Petals 4, entire. Stamens 4. Styles 2. Capsules compressed, I- celled, 2-valved, 2-seeded. Insignificant slender herbs, with awl-shaped leaves, like some species of Arenaria. 1 B. a'nnua (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 708.) stem loosely panicled from the base ; branches divaricating, short, firm ; stripes on calyx straight, parallel ; capsules scarcely equal in length to the calyx ; leaves awl-shaped, dilated at the base. ©. H. Native of the south of France on rocks ; said to have been foiuid in England on the sea-coast about Boston in Lincolnshire. B. teniiifolia, Lin. spec. 179. Lam. ill. no. 1710. t. 87. f. 1. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1313. — Pluk. phyt. t. 75. f. 3. — Magn. hort. monsp. 97. t. 15. A slender plant with small white petals. ^«Hw«/ Bufl!bnia. Fl. June, July. England? PI. -j to ^ ft. 2 B. Oliveria'na (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 388.) stem branching at the top ; branches filiform, elongated ; stripes on the calyx straight, parallel ; capsules almost sessile, shorter than the calyx ; leaves very short, form of scales. © ? H. Native about Teheran in Persia. A slender plant, with small, white petals. Olivier's Bufl^onia. Fl. June, July. PL |^ to |^ foot. 3 B. macroca'kpa (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 388.) stem very much branched, dichotomous ; branches filiform, rigid, very long, almost naked, and divaricating ; sepals ovate, obtuse ; stripes on calyx straight, parallel ; capsules on long stalks, large, much longer than the calyx ; seeds somewhat globose, com- pressed, echinated on the margins. 2/ . F. Native of Persia from Teheran to Ispahan. Flowers small, white. Long-fruited Buffonia. Fl. June, July. PI. -^ to ^ foot. 4 B. pere'nnis (Pour. act. toul. 3. p. 319.) stem branching at the top ; branches filiform, elongated ; stripes on calyx arched, converging. 1/ . H. Native of France and Vallais. Lam. ill. no. 1711. t. 87. f. 2. Flowers small, white. Perennkd Buffonia. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1817. PI. | to | ft. Cult. Both the perennial and annual species of this genus can only be encreased by seeds ; they only require to be sown in the open border or on rock-work, but being weedy looking plants, they are hardly worth cultivating, except in botanical gardens or in those of the curious. A dry sandy soil suits them best. A plant or two of the perennial species should be kept in pots, so that they may be sheltered by a frame during winter, as they are otherwise apt to damp off in that season. XVII. SAGPNA (sagina, in Latin, signifies fatness ; accord- ing to Linnaeus it is so called for its qualities in fattening sheep). Lin. gen. no. 23C. Gsert. fr. 2. p. 129. f. 10. D. C. prod. 1. p. 389. LiN. SYST. Tctra-Pentdndria, l'etrag>jni(t. Calyx 4-5- parted. Petals 4-5, or wanting. Stamens 4-5. Styles 4. Cajisules 4-5-valved, 1-celled, many-seeded. Small insignificant herbs. 1 S. procu'mbens (Lin. spec. 185.) plant glabrous ; branches procumbent ; leaves linear, mucronatcd ; fruit-bearing peduncles, ascending ; petals short, obtuse ; segments of calyx rounded. ©. H. Native on sandy ground, or the walks and beds of neglected gardens, as well as on shady walls and gravelly banks, every where throughout Europe ; on the north-west coast of America, and on the banks of the Columbia. In Britain plenti- ful. Smith, engl. bot. t. 88. Curt. lond. fasc. 3. t. 12. Plant spreading on the ground. Flowers drooping, with white round- ish petals. J err. ft, plena ; a pretty variety, with rose-like white double flowers, of from 27 to 32 petals. This plant was formerly culti- vated in some curious gardens, but is now, we believe, altogether lost. If.. H. Native on a green near Beaumaris, in Wales. Rev. H. Davis, Jidy, 1817. Procumbent Pearlwort. Fl. May, Aug. Britain. PI. pro- cumbent. 2 S. filifo'rmis (Pourr. chlor. liisp. no. 593.) stems erect, much branched, jointed ; leaves linear, glabrous ; peduncles axil- lary and terminal, dichotomous. ©. H. Native of the Pyre- nees, growing mixed with S. jn'ocumbens. Rcem. et Schult. syst. 3. p. 499. Petals white. Filiform Pearlwort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. | to ^ foot. 3 S. mari'tima (G, Don, herb. brit. 155.) plant smooth ; branches erectish ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, very short ; fruit- bearing pedimcles ascending ; petals none ; segments of calyx ovate, obtuse. ©. H. Native of Britain: on the coast near Aberdeen, and on the summit of Ben Nevis ; at Bally Castle, near the Giant's Causeway, Ireland ; on Hartle-pier, Durham ; in salt marshes at Southwold, Suffolk, abundantly. Smith, engl. bot. t. 2195. Curt. fl. lond. t. 115. Petals abortive or entirely wanting. Stamens sometimes 8. Sea-side Pearlwort. Fl. May, Aug. Britain. PI. 2 to 3 inches. 4 S. stri'cta (Fries, novit. fl. suec. 3. p. 122.) plant very glabrous ; stems and peduncles straight ; leaves rather cylindri- cal, not mucronated ; lobes of calyx lanceolate, acute (obtuse according to Horn, in hort. hafn. suppl. p. 122.) ©. H. Na- tive of Denmark and Sweden at Cimbrishavn, by the sea-side. Petals white. Straight VearUvon. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. 2 or 3 inches. 5 S. cilia' TA (Fries, in Billb. svensk. bot. ex Spreng. neue. entd. 3. p. 220.) stem diffuse ; leaves awl-shaped, spreading, ciliated ; segment of calyx acuminated. © ? H. Native of Swe- den. Petals white. Ci/ia/«/-leaved Pearlwort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. ? PI. 1 to 2 inches. 6 S. ape'tala (Lin. mant. p. 559.) plant hispid, pubescent ; branches erectish, dichotomous ; leaves linear,fringed, mucronated; fruit-bearing peduncles ascending ; petals very short, roundish ; segments of calyx lanceolate, bluntish. ©. H. Native on dry sandy barren grounds on walls and waste places ; very common in Britain, Italy, and Germany. Smith, engl. bot. t. 881. Curt, lond. fasc. 5. t. II. Arduin. specel. 2. p. 22. t. 8. f. 1. The petals when present are white, not half the length of the calyx. far. ft, agglomerata (D. C. prod. 1. p. 389.) flowers sessile and stalked, glomeraied. Apetalous Pearlwort. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. 1 or 2 inches. 3 H 2 1-20 CAHYOPHYLLE.T.. XVIII. Mcenchu. XIX. IIymenella. XX. Mofhringia. XXI. Elatine. 7 S. QuiTENSis (H. B. et Kuntli, gen. rt spec, aincr. G. p. 19.) steni.s filiforii), procumbent ? leaves ratlier falcate ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, bearing i bracteas above the middle ; fruit- bearing peduncles straight, elongated ; flowers apetalous, some- what drooping. ©. H. Native of South America on the sandy banks of Rio Blanco at the height of 4800 feet. Valves of cap- sule rcvolute. Quito I'earlwort. Fl. May, Aug. PI. trailing. 8 S. fascicula'ta (Poir. diet. G. p. 390.) stems creeping, rooting, jointed ; branches somewhat erect ; leaves secund in bundles; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered. I^.H. Native about Algiers. Very like S. procumbcns. Calyx glabrous, with short oval, obtuse, spreading lobes, which are reflexed after flowering. Petals white. Bunrf/t-Ieaved Pearlwort. Fl. May, Aug. PI. 1 to 3 inches. Cull. None of tlie species of this genus are worth eidtivating except the double-flowering variety of S. prociimbeiis and >S'. friscicultita : both should be kept in small pots well drained with potsherds, in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and the best way of increasing them is by dividing the plants at the roots. The rest of the species are only worth preserving in Botanical gardens ; they require no care, but if once introduced to the garden, it will be hereafter quite iinpossible to extirpate them. XVIII. MCE'NCm A (in honour of Conrad Mocnch, a profes- sor of botany at Marburgh, who wrote several botanical works between the years 1777 and 1802.) Ehrh. beitr. fasc. 2. 177. Pers. ench. 1. p. l.)3. Lin. sYST. Tet hidria, Digi'in'ia. Calyx of 4 sepals. Petals 4. Stamens 4. Capsules membranous, 1-valved, 1 -celled, opening at the summit with 8, occasionally, 10 teeth, many- seeded. Seed kidney-shaped. Small plants, with the habit of . 243.) leaves opposite, rough, with minute points ; flowers alternate, stalked, octan- drous, 3-petalled. %. H. Native on the margins of ponds and ditches, in a sandy soil, about the eastern shore of Boniere pool, near Candover, Shropshire, and near Bingfield, Berks. E. CARYOPHYLLE^. XXI. Elatine. XXII. Bergia. XXIII. Mollugo. 421 liydropiper, Smith, engl. bot. t. 955. Petals roundish, slightly pointed, concave, inflexed, reddish or pale fle.sh-coloured, smaller than the calyx. Anthers yellow. r/(rt>(.'-;)t7a//erf VVaterwort. Fl. July, Aug. England. PI. 2 or 3 inches. 4 E. tria'ndra (Schkuhr. handb. no. 1023. t. 109. b. f. 2.) leaves opposite ; flowers sessile, nnd opposite, triandrous, 3- petalled. Ij. . H. Native of inundated places about Ratisbon. Flowers and seeds rose-coloured. Triandrous Waterwort. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 2 or 3 inches. 5 E. alsina'strum (Lin. spec. 527.) leaves in whorls ; flowers sessile, and disposed in whorls. % . H. Native about Paris and in fountains at Fontainebleau. — Vaill. bot. paris, 1. f. 6. E. verticillata. Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 11. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 772. Habit of Hlppuris vulgaris — Pitamopitvs, Buxb.act. petrop. t. 1. f. 6. Chich-nrat-lih Waterwort. Fl. June, Aug. PI. | foot. Cu/t. Eldline is a genus of singular water plants. They all grow under water except E. tripetala, which grows by the sides of ponds ; therefore they should all be planted or sown in ponds except the latter species, which should be planted on the borders of a pond or canal, where they should be allowed to increase themselves. A sandy or gravelly bottom suits them best. Ripe seeds are easily transported in a vegetative state from the places of their natural growth, or plants may be introduced. XXII. BE'RGIA (in honour of Peter Jonas Bergius, once professor of natural history at Stockholm, who wrote several botanical works between 1757 and 1780, particularly upon mosses and plants of the Cape of Good Hope.) Lin. gen. no. 791. D. C. prod. 1. p. 390. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 10. Styles 5, approximate. Capsules 5-valved, 5-celled. 1 B. verticilla'ta (Willd. spec. 2. p. 770.) leaves lanceo- late, denticulated at the apex ; flowers in w horls, almost sessile, much crowded. © I H. Native of Egypt in rice-fields about Rosetta and Damiata ; also in the East Indies, but not at the Cape of Good Hope. B. Capensis, Lin. mant. 241. Elatine lusurians, Del. fl. segypt. p. 13. t. 26. f. 1. Flowers red or whitish. ;rAo)/-flowered Bergia. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot. 2 B. glomerata (Lin. fil. supjil. 243.) leaves ovate, crenu- lated ; flowers glomerate. © ? H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. prod. 82. Flowers whitish. Glomerate-^owexeA Bergia. PI. h foot. 3 B. re" PENS (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnsea, 1. p. ()45.) stem branched and creeping ; leaves lanceolate, serrated ; flowers glomerate, on short peduncles, axillary. 1/ 1 S. Native of Java. Creeping Bergia. PI. creeping. 4 B. AMMANiofDES (Roth. nov. pi. spec. 219.) stem branched, rough from capitate bristles ; leaves elliptical, acute, sharply and deeply serrated, silveiy-tomentose on the under surface ; flowers axillary, stalked, glomerate, pentandrous. ©. S. Na- tive of the East Indies. Corolla white. Ammania-like Bergia. Fl. Jul v. PI. 4 foot. Cult. All the species of this genus are inhabitants of moist places, such as rice-fields, which are irrigated the greater part of the year, consequently they will require to be kept in similar situations in gardens, where they will ripen their seed. None of them are worth cultivating, unless in botanic gardens. XXIII. MOLLU'GO (the Roman name of what is supposed to be our Galium Mollugo, which many of the species of this genus resemble in their whorled leaves and inconspicuous appearance.) Lin. gen. no. 139. Gsert. fruct. t. 130. f. S. LiN. SYST. Tridndria, Trigynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals none or very small. Stamens 3. Styles 3. Capsules 3-valveil, 5-celled, many-seeded. Leaves in whorls, rarely opposite. In- significant plants, with 1 or many-flowered peduncles. • Peduncles i-Jlowercd, in whorls. 1 M. oi'fosiTiFOLiuM (Lin. spec. 131.) leaves opposite, lan- ceolate ; branches alternate, dichotomous ; peduncles lateral, crowded. ©. S. Native of Ceylon. — Pluk. phyt. t. 75. f. G. Peduncles almost the length of the leaves, in whorls. Flowers white. Plant smooth, difl'use. Opposite-lcdvcd MoUugo. Fl. July, Aug. PI. ^ foot. 2 M. hi'rta (Thunb. prod. p. 24. fl. cap. 1. p. 444.) plant decumbent; leaves obovate, villous, 4 in a whorl, stalked; flowers in whorls on very short stalks. © . F. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Hairy Mollugo. Fl. July. PI. decumbent. 3 M. verticilla'ta (Lin. spec. 131.) leaves in whorls, un- equal, obovately wedge-shaped, acute ; stem decumbent, dicho- tomous ; peduncles 1-flowered, in whorls. ©. S. Native of South America in Brazil, and near Cumana on the sea-shore, as well as in Virginia, and on the banks of the Columbia in North America. Roem. et Schult. syst. 2. p. 871. — Pluk. phyt. 4. t. 332. f. 5. — Ehret. pict. t. 6. f. 3. A decumbent plant, with fleshy leaves. 7f7(orMeaved Mollugo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1748. PI. de- cumbent. 4 M. Sciira'nkii (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 391.) leaves in whorls, rather linear, acute; stem dichotomous, diffuse; pe- duncles 1-flowered, few in a whorl. ©. S. Native of Brazil and Guiana. M. dichotoma, Schrank. pi. rar. 04. icon, exclu- sive of the synonynie of Lin. fil. Very like 71/. verticillata, but diflx-rs in the leaves being narrower and longer ; and flowers 1-3, rising from each whorl of leaves. Flowers white. Schrank' s Mollugo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. PL i to 4 ft. * * Peduncles umbellate or racemose. 5 M. STRi'cTA (Lin. spec. 131.) leaves usually 4 in a whorl, lanceolate, radical ones spatulate ; branches panicled, dichoto- mous, nodding ; stem erect, angular ; capsule ecjual in length to the calyx. 0. S. Native of Asia, Java, &c. — Pluk. aim. p. 21. t. 257. f 2. — Burm. zeyl. 31. t. 5. f 3. Flowers nodding. Upright-stemmed Mollugo. PI. ^ foot. G M. pentaphy'lla (Lin. spec. 131.) leaves usually 5 in a whorl, obovate, glabrous ; flowers panicled ; stems decumbent. © ? S. Native of Ceylon.— Burm. zeyl. 13. t. 8. f. 1. Leaves 3-4-5 in a whorl, dark-green. Peduncles axillary, very long, panicled. Five-leaved Mollugo. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PI. procumbent. 7 M. nudicau'lis (Lam. diet. 4. p. 234.) radical leaves ob- long, numerous, obovate, crowded ; scapes trichotomously-pani- cled, decumbent, naked. © ? F. Native of the East Indies. — Burm. zeyl. 14. t. 8. f 2. Radical leaves glaucous, green, large. Flowers cream-coloured. Seeds very black. (Burm.) Naked-stemmed Mollugo. Fl. June, July. PI. decumbent. 8 M. radia'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 48.) stems pro- cumbent, leafy ; branches panicled ; leaves obovate, acuminated. 0. H. Native of Chili in inundated places about Conception. — Room, et Schult. 2. p. 872.— Pluk. i)hyt. t. 118. f. 1. Radiated Mollugo. PI. procumbent. 9 M. ARENA ria (H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 21.) plant glabrous ; stems dichotomous, diffuse, round ; leaves 5 in a whorl, linear-spatulate, obsoletely 1-ncrved, 4-times shorter than the spaces of the stem between the leaves ; umbels of flowers almost sessile, generally 5 or G-flowered. ©. H. 422 CARVOPIIYLLE.r.. Will. Molligo. XXIV. riiARS.\cEi m. Native of Buenos Ayres, and in a sanily island in the river Apiires near III Diamante. Stamens S, shorter than the calyx. ,y«H(/ .Mollujio. PI. i to i foot. 10 M. triphy'lla (Lour, fl.cocli.ed. Willd. 1. p. 79, but not of Link.) stems diH'use; brandies ternate ; leaves 3 in a whorl, lanceolate, sessile ; flowers dichotonious, on lonij stalks ; peduncles branched at the apex. © ? H. Native of China about Canton, and the island oi° Manilla. Thrcc-huvcd Mollugo. Fl. July. PI. \ lo \ foot. 11 M. LiNKii (Ser. niss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 392.) stem erectish ; leaves 3 in a whorl, lar<;e ; panicles of flowers terminal and lateral. ©. S. Native of Brazil. M. tripliVlla, Link, enum. 1. p. 108. but not of Lour. Leaves acute, glabrous. /.ihA'.v Mollugo. Fl.July. Cll. IS^'l. PI. I to i foot. 12 M. GtiNoi'DEs (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 171. t. 109.) stem diffuse, trailing; leaves spatulate, tomenlose ; flowers sessile, fascicled ; stamens 3-5. ©. H. Native of Brazil on the banks of the Uruguay. GVmus-like Mollugo. Fl. Jan. Sept. PI. prostrate. Cull. The species of the genus Mollugo are all weed-like ])lants, therefore not worth cultivating unless in botanic gardens. The seed should be sown in pots in any common soil, and the pots jilaced in the hot-bed, and in June they may be removed into the green-house, or ))lanted out in the open border in a sheltered situation, where they will probably ripen seed. XXIV. PHARNA'CEUM (an historical name. Pharnaces, king of Pontus, is said to have first used it in medicine.) Lin. gen. no. 517. Ga?rt. fruct. 1. p. 130. f. t. Molliigo, sect. 2. Pliarnaceum, 1). C. prod. 1. p. 39. LiN". SYST. Pcniandria, Trigi)nia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals very small or wanting. Stamens .'i. Styles 3. Capsule 3- valved, 3-celled, many-seeded. Small herbaceous or shrubby plants. Leaves opposite or in whorls. • Peduncles bijid, racemose, or umbelliferous. 1 P. BELLiDiFoLii'M (Poir. dict. 5. p. 2G2.) stems erect, leaf- less ; radical leaves rosulate, spatulate, tapering into the footstalk at the base ; flowers corymbosely panicled. ©. S. Native of the West Indies and Guiana in waste ground and sandy places. Mollugo bellidifolia, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 391. — Plum, amer. t. 21. f. 1. Flowers white. ZJai.sy-/cai'c«/ Pliarnaceum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. i foot. 2 P. PARViFLoRUM (Rotli. uov. pi. spec. p. 18G.) leaves ovate, olituse, strigosc on the under surface ; umbels lateral ; stems herbaceous, ascending. ©. .S. Native of the East Indies. Mollugo parvifioia, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 391. Umall-Jlimcred Pliarnaceum. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ foot. 3 P. Di'sTiciiuM (Lin. iiiant. p. 221.) leaves almost linear, pubescent; racemes 2-partid, flexiious. ©. S. Native of the East Indies and the Capeof (Jood Hope. Mollugo disticlia, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 392. M. racemusa. Lam. ill. no. 1197. — Pluk. phyt. 3. p. 22. t. 130. f. b. Z>/.«fic/i Pharnaceum. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ foot. 4 P. coRDiFoLiUM (Lin. aniocn. 0. p. 85.) steins decumbent ; leaves 4 in a whorl, obversely cordate, mucronated ; corymbs axillary and terminal, dichotomous ; flowers solitary in the forks. ©. F. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. Iiort. schwnbr. t. 319. Mollugo cordifolia, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 392. Petals white, shorter than the sepals. //r«;7-/cnicd Pliarnaceum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. decumbent. 5 P. MULTiFLORUM (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 392. under A/ollitgo,) stems difflisc, dichotonious ; leaves in whorls, lanceo- late, unecpial ; flowers distich, panicled, numerous. ©. F. Na- tive of China. Flowers white. Perhaps a species oi Mollugo. Manij-Jlotrcrcd Pliarnaceum. PI. \ foot. C P. dicho'tohum (Lin. HI. su]ipl. p. 18C.) smooth ; stems flexuous ; leaves 9 or more in a whorl, linear ; peduncles axil- lary, elongated, dichotomous. ©. F. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ka?ni. et Schult. syst. 6. p. 089. Mollugo dichotoma, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 392. Z)(c/(o/oHi()u,v-peduncled Pliarnaceum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1783. PI. i to ^ foot. 7 P. GLOMERA^TiM (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 185.) stems flexuous; leaves linear, reflexed, in whorls, acute, glabrous ; flowers glo- merate, almost sessile ; stem decumbent. ©. F. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Mollugo glomerkta, Ser. mss. in I). C. prod. 1. p. 392.— Pluk. phyt. KiS. t. 331. f. 4. Flowers white. 67o;nccrt/c-flowered Pliarnaceum. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. prostrate. 8 P. margin.^'ti'm (Thunb. prod. p. 55. fl. cap. 2. p. 239.) stems filiform, decumbent ; leaves small, in whorls, ovate, mar- ginated, obtuse; flowers axillary, sessile, glomerate. ©. F. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Mollugo marginata, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 392. M(irninatcd-\QVi\ci\ Pliarnaceum. PI. decumbent, -J foot. 9 P. CeuviVnum (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 272. ed. 2. p. 388.) stems in whorls, rarely dichotomous ; peduncles umbellate, lateral, equal in length to the leaves ; leaves in whorls of 4 or 5, very narrow, ulaucous, obtuse, smootliish. ©. H. Native of Russia, Spain, Guinea, and Asia. Mollugo Cervii\na, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. S92 Lam. ill. t. 214. f. 1.— Gmel. sib. 8. p. 102. no. 79. t. 20. f. 2.— Buxb. cent. 3. p. 33. t. C2. f. 2. — Pluk. mant. 9. t. 332. f. 11. Calyx while on the inside. A weak-growing plant, at first erect, but at length decumbent. Ct'rr/V(H'« Pliarnaceum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1771. PI. y ft. 10 P. si'EKGULOi DEs (Poir. diet. 5. p. 260.) stems in whorls of 3 or 4 ; branches simple; umbels involucrated, terminal, few- flowered, or rising from the axils of the whorls ; leaves in bundles, whorled, numerous, very narrow, and acute. © .' S. Native of India. Lam. ill. t. 214. f. 2. Molliigo sperguloides, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 392. .S>(rr^-/i7.e Pliarnaceum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. ^ foot. 11 P. linea're (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 185.) leaves in whorls ; branches dichotomous ; umbel panicled, terminal, and lateral ; leaves linear, obtuse, G or 8 in a whorl. © ? Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Molliigo linearis, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 392. Andr. bot. rep. 326. Stems prostrate. Flowers white. /ymcrtr-lcaved Pliarnaceum. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1795. Shrub J foot. 12 P. MiciioriiY'Li.UM (Rocm. ct Schult. syst. 6. p. 686.) plant tonientose ; peduncles umbellate ; umbels compound ; loaves ovate, terete, blunt, covererl with interwoven wool. 1; . G. Native of the Cape of Ciood Hope. Mollugo niicrophylla, Ser. 1. c. Stem shrubby, rigid; branchlets somewhat whorled, ag- gregate. Leaves rising from the knots in bundles, and scattered on the stems. Small-leaved Pliarnaceum. Shrub \ foot. 13 P. TERETiFoLiLM (Tliunb. prod. p. 53.) glabrous ; branches opposite, and a little branched ; leaves filiform, mucronated, terete ; stem erect, frutescent ; umbels erect, sim])le, stalked. '; . G. Native of tlie Cape of Good Hope. Mollugo tereti- folia, .Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1 . )>. 393. Terete-leaved Pliarnaceum. Fl. June, July. Shrub 4 foot. 14 P. (juadrangila'ke (Lin. til. supjil. 185.) smooth; stems suflruticosc, erect; branches alternate, flexuous, leafless; leaves linear, rpiadrifariously imbricated ; flowers in umbels ; peduncles CARYOPHYLLE^. XXIV. Piiarnaceum. XXV. Piiysa. XXVI. Holosteum. 423 short. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Mollugo quadraiigularis, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. S'j:i. Plant with the appearance of a heath. Flowers inside white, outside green. Capsule quadrangular. Qi(W/aH^M/ar-capsuled Piiarnaceum. Shrub \ to -1 foot. 15 P. mucrona'tum (Tliunb. in pliyt. bl. p. 21). fl. cap. 2. p. 239.) stems herbaceous, almost none ; leaves ovate-mucronated, entire : flowers in whorls, aggregate, almost sessile. O ? G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. jNIolliigo mucronata, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 393. Radical leaves aggregate. Pe- diuicles radical, capillary, numerous. Mucronalt-leaycd Piiarnaceum. Fl. June, July. PI. j foot. 16 P. UMBELLATUM (Forsk. fl. ffigypt. p. 58.) radical leaves stellate, caidine ones obovate ; peduncles umbellate, involii- crated ; involucres linear. ©. H. Native of Egypt in argillaceous places near Lohaga. Flowers brown. Molliigo umbellata, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 393. [■»i6c/-flowered Pharnaceum. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1-2 inches. 17 P. inca'nuji (Lin. fil. suppl. 186.) leaves scattered, or 4 in a whorl, with bundles of smaller leaves rising from the axilLne, smooth, linear ; stems erect ; branches white from stipulas ; stipulas pilose ; flowers in proliferous umbels ; common jie- dimcles very long, f} . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sims, bot. mag. 18S3. Flowers white inside, green on the out- side. //oa»"j/-stipuled Pharnaceum. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1782. Shrub 2 foot. 18 P. PRUiNosHM (Haw. succ. pi. suppl. p. 15.) stems branch- ed, thickish ; branches pale from membranaceous stipulas ; leaves crowded, filiform, terete, acute, fleshy, mealy, or pruinose. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Peduncles umbel- late. PruinoseAcawed Pharnaceum. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1819. Shrub \ foot. 19 P. a'lbens (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 186.) smooth, suffruticosc ; leaves linear, opposite, remote, exstipulate ; common peduncle long, umbellate ; pedicels filiform. T; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 11 liitc-stemmeA Pharnaceum. Shrub J to 1 foot. * * Peduncles l-Jlowered. 20 P. SERPYLLiFOLiuM (Lin. fil. suppl. 186.) smooth; stem filiform, dichotomous ; leaves opposite, ovate, obtuse, stalked ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered. ©. F. Native of the Ca2)e of Good Hope. A weak plant. Mollugo serpyllifolia, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 391. hike Heniiaria glabra. Wihl-Tlujme-leavcd Pharnaceum. PI. decumbent. 21 P. depre'ssl'.m (Lin. mant. atl. p. 5(^4:.) stem pros- trate, simple ; peduncles 1 -flowered, lateral ; leaves lanceolate, pubescent, opposite or 4 in a whorl. ©. F. Native of the East Indies. Loeflingia I'ndica. Stems depressed . Leaves somewhat tetragonal, lanceolate. Stipulas scarious. Peduncles dichotomous. Corolla purple. Deinessed Pharnaceum. PI. prostrate. 22 P. Mollu'go (Lin. mant. 561.) leaves in whorls, unequal, on short stalks, 4 or 5 in a whorl, elliptic-lanceolate, smooth, acutish, with scabrous margins; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered; stem procumbent, dichotomous. ©. S. Native of Ceylon. Molliigo Spergula, Lin spec. l.p. 131. — Burm. zeyl. p. 13. t. 7. fl. ind. 31. t. 5. f. 4. Flowers white. Leaves hke those of Galium Mollugo. MoUugo-Wkb Pharnaceum. PI. decumbent. 23 P. mari'timum (Walt. fl. carol, p. 1 1 7.) flowers lateral, solitary, sessile; leaves rather terete, obtuse, fleshy. ©. H. Native of Carolina. Molliigo maritiina, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 392. Sea-side Pharnaceum. PI. prostrate. 2 t P. Liciitensteinia'num (Rffim. et Schult. syst. 6. p. 692.) leaves in whorls, lanceolate-linear, acute ; peduncles axillary. © ? F. Native of the Cape of Good Hope on Mount Witsemberg. Molliigo Lichtensteiniana, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1 . p. 393. Pharnaceum galioidcs, Lichten. spicil. 11. cap. mss. Very like a species of Spergula, but the flowers are monogynous. Perhaps a proper genus ? Liclitenstcin's Pharnaceum. PI. 4 foot. 25 P. Hoffmannseggia'num (Rcera. et Schult. syst. 6. p. 692.) leaves lanceolate, acute, in whorls ; peduncles 1-flowered, elongated. ©. S. Native of Brazil. Molliigo Hoflinannseg- giana, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. I. p. 393. Pharniiceum ga- lioides, Willd. mss. ex Schult. 1. c. Flowers white. Hoffmannsegg's Pharnaceum. Fl. June, July. PI. prostrate. 26 P. Berteri.vnum ; stem dichotomous, slender; space be- tween the leaves very long ; leaves very narrow, bluntish ; peduncles filiform, in whorls. © ? S. Native of Porto Rico, along the sides of torrents. Pharnaceum lineare. Bert. ined. Molliigo Berteriana, Ser. mss. in D.C. prod. 1. p. 391. Bertcros Pharnaceum. PI. procumbent. Cult. The species of Pharndeemn are scarcely worth culti- vating, except in botanical gardens, being for the most part , weedy-looking plants. The greenhouse shrubby kinds thrive well in a mixture of sandy loam and peat, but the pots should be well drained with potsherds. Cuttings planted under a hand- glass in the same kind of soil will root freely, but they may be increased more easily by seed, which often ripen in abundance. The annual species should be sown in pots in the spring, and placed in a moderate hot-bed, where they may remain until they ripen their seed, or they may be removed into the greenhouse in June. XXV. PHY'SA ((pvera, jjJiysa, a bladder; bladdery capsides). Pet. Thouar. nov. gen. mad. p. 20. D.C. prod. 1. p. 393. LiN. SYST. Dccandria, Trigijnia. Calyx 5-sepalled. Petals none. Stamens 10. Stigmas 3. Capsules 3-furrowed, 3-celled, 3-valved ; valves septiferous, conniving with the receptacle. 1 P. Madagascarie'nsis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 393.) a little prostrate plant with jointed stems ; leaves 4 in a whorl, unequal; peduncles 1-flowered. 0. S. Native of Madagascar. Madagascar Physa. PI. trailing. Cull. This plant should be sown in a pot in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat, and placed in a hot-bed, where it may remain until it ripens its seed. Not worth cidtivating. XXVI. HOLOSTEUM (from oXoc, holos, all ; and o^reoy, osteon, a bone, all bone, applied by antiphrasis to this plant, which is no bone, being soft and delicate. This species of wit is not un- common, even at the present day, but applied to men not plants). Lin. gen. 136. Gsrt. fruct. t. 130. f 5. D. C. prod. 1. p. 393. Lin. syst. Tri-Pentdndria, Trigynia. Calyx 5-sepalled. Petals 5, toothed. Stamens 5, or from abortion only 3 or 4. Styles 3. Capsides 1-celled, ending in 6 teeth at the apex. Embryo unfolded within the albumen. 1 H. dia'ndrum (Svvartz. prod. p. 27. icon. t. 7.) stems pro- cumbent, rather stiff; leaves roundish ; flowers diandrous ; stipulas 4, on both sides. ©. S. Native of Jamaica on rocks. Roem. et Schult. syst. 2. p. 857. Very like Drymaria cordata, but much smaller, of which genus it is perhaps a species. Petals white. Diandruus UoXostcnm. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1824. PI. pro- cumbent, i foot. 2 H. spekguloi'des (Lehm. pug. pl. hort. hamb. 10.) stem decumbent ; leaves linear, fleshy, acute, younger ones pubescent. 121 CARYOPHYLLEii:. XXVI. IIolosteui. XXVII. Siercula. stipulate ; racemes leafy, rather secund ; sepals lanceolate, obtuse, and glandular-pilose ; petals ovate ; stamens 3-4. ©.11. Native of Ej^ypt. Flowers rose-coloured. Spurnj-Uki Holosteum. Fl. June, Jidy. Clt. 1S29. PI. procumbent. .'5 II. MfCRONATUM (Moc. ct Scssc. pi. me.\. incd. icon, in I). C. prod. 1. p. 393.) plant pubescent; stems procumbent; leaves cordate; peduncles 3-flo\vered. ©. F. Native of Mexico. Perhaps a variety of />rym«rio cor(/«/a. Petals white. Mucronatc Holosteum. Fl. May, .Sept. PI. trailing, ^ foot. 4 H. sutcLLii'NTUM (Lin. amocn. 3. p. 21.) haves elliptical, fleshy, glabrous ; petals somewhat trilid, smaller than the calyx. ©. H. Native of the states of New York and Carohna. Polycarpon unillorum, Walt. fl. carol, p. 83. This is a very doubtful plant according to Pin-sh, he having never been able to find it cither in the state of New York nor Carolina. Flowers white. Siicculcnl Holosteum. PI. trailing ? •'■> II. hirsl'tum (Lin. amcen. 3. p. 21.) leaves orbicular, hairy; flowers sessile ? white. ©. S. Native of Malabar. Ilnirij Holosteum. PI. trailing. 0 H. lmrella'tum (Lin. spec. 130.) radical leaves elliptical, glaucous, glabrous ; cauline ones larger, ovate ; flowers umbel- late ; common peduncles clammy-pubescent ; pedicels deflexed after flowering. ©.II. Native of many parts of Europe on old walls and in sandy fields. In England on several walls and roofs of houses about Norwich, about Bury, also on the w.ills of Chelsea garden. Smith, engl. bot. t. 27. Fl. dan. 1201-. Lam. ill. t. 51. f. 1. Cerastium umbellitum, Huds. 201. Flowers white, sometimes tinged with red. t'm6e//«/(>flowered J.Tgg-chickweed. Fl. April, May. Engl. PI. 4 to ^ foot. Cult. Uoluslcum diandnim, mucroniitHm, and h'lrsutum, re- ;ioi'des (H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. <>. p. 21. t. 515.) plant much branched, viscid from glandular hairs, boary ; leaves on short footstalks, lanceolate-oblong ; pedimcles 1 -flowered; pet.tls shorter than the calyx, 6-cleft, with the 4 intermediate segments capillaceous ; ovary containing about 50 CARYOPHYLLEyE. XXIX. Drymaria. XXX. Sciiiedea. XXXI. Stellai 427 seeds. ©. S. Native of South America in the sand near Pachuca, at the height of ^810 feet. D. arenarioides, Kocni. et Sehult. syst. p. 406. Seeds angidar, reniform, tiiickly beset with very minute tubercles. Petals vvliite. I'rankenia-Ulce Drymaria. PI. trailing. 2 D. stellarioi'des (Willd. herb. e.\ Koem. et Sehult. syst. 5. p. lOG.) stems dicbotomous at the apex, few-Hovvered ; leaves sessile, glabrous ; calyx viscid, pubescent, shorter than the bifid petals; ovary containing about 50 seeds. ©. S. Native of Quito near Hambato at the height of 4140 feet. H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 22. Petals white. Stitch-n'ort-Uke Drymaria. Fl. July, Sept. PI. trailing. 3 D. ova'ta (Room, et Sehult. syst. 5. p. 406.) stems villous at the top as well as the branches ; leaves stalked, ovate, acute, mucronated, rounded at the base, puberulous ; peduncles bifid, few-flowered ; calyx glabrous, equalling in length the corolla ; petals profoundly bifid; ovary containing 13 to 17 seeds. ©. H. Native near Quito at the height of 4380 feet. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 23. Petals white. Ocate-\ea.\eA Drymaria. Fl. July, Sept. PI. trailing. 4 D. corda'ta (Willd. herb, ex Ram. et Sehult. 5. p. 406.) stems as well as leaves glabrous ; leaves ovate, roundish, acute, mucronated, rounded or obsoletely cordate at the base, on short footstalks ; peduncles dichotomous, many-flowered ; calyx downy, exceeding in length the petals ; ovary 7-10-seeded. Ti. S. Native of the West Indies and Surinam. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 23. Holosteum cordatum, Lin. amoen. 3. p. 21. mant. 327. Lam. ill. t. 51. f. 2. Petals white. Plant glaucous. Cor(/a/e-leaved Drymaria. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1814. PI. creeping. 5 D. gra'cilis (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnsea 5. p. 232.) like D. cordala, but differs in the leaves being more ovate, never dilated nor kidney-shaped, longer than the capillary petioles ; peduncles and calyxes smooth, not clothed with glandular down as in that plant. The whole plant is more erect, and of a paler green colour, and the seeds are much larger. ©. H. Native of Mexico at Jalapa. ^/enrfer Drymaria. FL June, Sept. Clt. 1828. PI. ^ foot. 6 D. palu'stris (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnaea 5. p, 232.) like D. cordata, but with a much more slender habit, and with the leaves nearly 3 times smaller ; bracteas broader and blunter ; seeds smaller and echinately-muricated, not granular ; peduncles and calyxes smooth ; leaves roundish-ovate, rather cordate, acutish, younger ones and stems villous. 1/ . F. Na- tive of Mexico at Jalapa. it/«ri/i Drymaria. Fl. June, Sep. Clt. 1830. PI. creeping. 7 D. viLLosA (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnsea 5. p. 232.) like the rest, but the whole plant is villous ; seeds smaller, tuber- culated, not muricated. !{.. F. Native of Mexico. Villous Drymaria. Fl. April, Sep. PI. \ io ^ foot. 8 D. dia'ndra (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 647.) branched, puberulous; leaves roundish-ovate, mucronate, smooth, tapering to the base ; peduncles bifid ; flowers diandrous ; calyx clothed with glandular pubescence ; petals profoundly bifid ; capsule 1 -seeded. 1!/ . S. Native of Java. Allied to Z). ocn/a and D. cordata. Diandrous Drymaria. PI. trailing. 9 D. DiVARicA TA (H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 24.) stems as well as leaves glabrous ; leaves stalked, broadly round- ish-ovate, acute, rounded at the base ; peduncles irregularly branched, divaricating, many-flowered ; calyx glabrous, a little shorter than the petals ; ovary containing about 8 seeds. ©. H. Native on the shores of the Pacific ocean, near Lima in Peru. Differing from D. cordala in the peduncles being irregularly branched, with longer pedicels. Petals exceeding the calvx, as well as the style being longer. Plant rather glaucous, diffiise. Petals white. Z)iiiar;tfl/f(/-peduncled Drymaria. Fl. July, .Sept. PI. i ft. Ciilt. Drymaria is a genus of chickweed-looking plants, con- sequently not worth cultivating, except in botanical gardens. They only require to be sown in pots in the spring, and jjlaced in a hot-bed. In the montli of 5lay they may be planted out in the open border in a warm situation. If kept in a stove most of them will prove perennial. A sandy soil suits them best. XXX. SCIII'EDEA (William Schiede, a German botanist now in Mexico). Cham, in Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 45. Lin. syst. Dccdiidr/a, Triitijnia. Calyx of 5 permanent sepals. Petals 5, minute, bifid, permanent, shorter than the calyx. Stamens 10. Styles 3, stigmatose on the inside. Cap- sule sessile, 1-celled, 3-valved, opening nearly to the base with a seminiferous nerve in the middle of each valve. Seeds 10-12, orbicular, emarginate. A branched, knotted, bifurcate shrub, about 3 feet high. Leaves small, opposite, connate at the base. FMowers small, white, in panicles. 1 S. ligustri'na (Cham. 1. c. 1. p. 46.). ^2 • G. Native of the Sandwich Islands, particularly in O Wahu. Privet-like Schiedea. Shrub 3 feet. Cult. This shrub will grow in a mixture of loam and sand, and yo\mg cuttings will strike root under a hand-glass. XXXI. STELLA'RI A (from stella, a star, because of the stel- late disposition of the petals). Lin. gen. no. 773. Gsert. fruct. 2. t. 130. f. 3. D. C. prod. 1. p. 396. Lin. syst. Octo-Decdndria, Trigynia. Calyx 5-))arted. Petals 5, bifid. Stamens 10, or from abortion only 3-8. Styles 3. Capsules 1-celled, 6-valved at the apex, many-seeded. 1 S. ne'morum (Lin. spec. 603.) lower leaves cordate, stalked, upper ones ovate or lanceolate, almost sessile ; panicles repeat- edly forked ; petals twice as long as the calyx ; seeds orbicular, compressed, with a tubercled margin. 7/. H. Native of manv places in Europe in moist woods and in the neighbourhood of springs. In the north of England and in the Lowlands of Scotland. Smith, engl. bot. t. 92. Fl. dan. 271. Alsine ne- morum, Schreb. spic. 30. Root slender, creeping. Stems strag- gling, with a few hairs. Leaves pale-green. Flowers numerous, white. Grove Stitchwort. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. straggling. 2 S. cuspiDA^TA (Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag. ISUI. p. 196.) stems dichotomous, glabrous; leaves stalked, ovate- oblong, acuminated, cordate, membranaceous, glabrous ; pedun- cles from the wings ; calyx pilose, ciliated at the base, clammy ; ovary containing about 30 seeds. 7^. H. Native of South America in groves in the province of Quito as well as in Chili. H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6, p. 27. Very like fitel- Idria nemormn. Plant straggling, pale green. Flowers white. Cns2r>date-\en\eA Stitchwort. Fl. May, June. PI. strag- gling- 3 S. saxi'fraga (Bert. pi. ital. rar. ed. 1. p. 55. no. 4.) plant pubescent, diffuse ; leaves sessile, ovate, acute, dilated at the base, rough ; panicles dichotomous ; peduncles terminal, gene- rally in threes, lateral ones furnished with bracteas ; sepals narrow-lanceolate, one-half shorter than the petals ; seeds rather kidney-shaped, rough. 1/ . H. Native of Italy on the Peak of Sagra in the Alps of Appuanus. Flowers white. Saxifrage Stitchwort. Fl. May, June. Pl.'diflTuse. 4 S. corda'ta (Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1813. p. 179.) leaves roundish-cordate; peduncles axillary. 1^.11. Native of South America near Caripe. Flowers white. C'orrfn^e-leaved Stitchwort. PI. trailing? 3 I 2 428 CARYOPHYLLEit:. XXXI. Stillaria. 5 S. viroa'ta (Ser. iiiss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 39G.) plant fjlabrous ; stem upright, dicliotonious ; leaves ovate-cordate, .'J-ncrvcd ; flowers terminal, 3 or l- in an umbel, on short pe- duncles ; sepals oblonj;, hluntish, with scarioiis marfjins, nuieli lonijer than the corolla ; styles very short. %.llt Native of? Alsine virgata, Deless. herb. I'jviggy Stitehwort. PI. J foot. 6 S. ! arista'ta (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 396.) stems tufted, diehotomous ; leaves ovate, awned at the ajiex, ciliated at the base, sjjreading ; flowers cyniose, stalked ; sepals lan- ceolate, shorter than the corolla ; petals bidentate ; stamens 5 ; ovary ovate; style 1 ; stigmas 3. "H.. H. Native of Mexico. Alsine ? aristata. Moc. et Sesse, pi. ined. icon. Flowers w hite. .<^n'nfrf-leavcd .Stitehwort. Fl. June, July. PI. J foot. 7 S. ra'dians (Lin. spec. G03.) stem diehotomous; leaves lanceolate, acute, somewhat serrulated ; petals 5-parted, twice as long as the calyx. ©? H. Native of Siberia in bogs. Poir. diet. 7. p. 416. Wikstroem, acad. handl. 1822. Flowers white. Leaves hairy, veined. Far. j^, tin'i/luru (D. C. prod. 1. p. 306.) stem simple, I- flowered. — Anmi. stirp. ruth. t. 10. i?fl(/(fln< Stitehwort. Fl. June, July. PI. -J- to ^ foot. 8 S. viLLosA (Poir. diet. 7. p. 416. but not of Schlecht.) stems and peduncles hairy ; leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, pubescent ; flowers on long stalks, somewhat jianicled, terminal ; petals much longer than the calyx. 1/ . S. Native of the island of IJourbon. Flowers white. lilluiis Stitch-wort. PI. J foot. 9 S. LATiioi.iA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 501.) stems difTuse, forked, rooting a little at the base ; leaves ovate, lower ones stalked, rather cordate, upper ones sessile ; pedicels axillary, younger ones crowded into umbels ; fruit-bearing ones reflexed ; petals shorter than the calyx ; seeds disciform, rough. ©. H. Native about -Montpelier, and of Germany, in watery places. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. .'). p. 61 !•. Stelliiria Cerastium, Lin. syst. veg. ed. 15. p. 452. Flowers white. Zfroarf-Ztf/icrf Stitehwort. Fl. Jime, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 foot. 10 S. Jamesonii (Torrey in ann. lye. new york, vol. 2. 1827.) plant clothed with clammy pubescence ; leaves lanceolate, some- what falcate, sessile, acute ; stem rather branched, yellow ; flowers loosely panicled, divaricate ; petals 2-lobed, about twice the length of the oblong, acute sej)als. %. IL Native ol' North America on the Rocky Mountains. Jamexc^n's Stitehwort. PI. }. foot. 11 S. lanceoi.a'ta (Poir. diet. 7. p. 416.) leaves lanceolate, oblong, acute ; panicle pubescent ; sepals longer than the corolla. 2/ ? H. Native of the Straits of Magellan. Flowers white. Za«ceo/rt. 21. icon. rar. 3. t. 468.) leaves broad, ovate, lanceolate, veiidess on the under surface; stem rather branched ; i)eduneles 1 -flowered; sepals lan- ceolate, acute, shorter than the |)ctals ; root filiform, creeping, bearing bulbs. 11. H. Native of Carintliia on the Alps in shady moist places. Petals white. Anthers at first red, then black. iJi/Moi/i-rooted Stitehwort. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. PI. i to I foot. 19 S. vi'sciDA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 342.) plant villous, clamiuy ; leaves linear-lanceolate; stems diehotomous erect; petals longer than the calyx ; capsules rather cylindrical, twice as long as the lanceolate sepals. ©. H. Native of Hinigary, Tauria, and Caucasus, in fields. Cerastium anOmalmu, W illd. spec. 2. p- 812. Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. t. 22. Petals white. This is probably a species of Mir tic/iia. far. /5, glahriiisctila (Hieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 307.) smoothish. /'(srirf Stitehwort. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1820. PI. J to -i ft. 20 S. sABULosA (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 397.) jjlant villous, clammy ; leaves linear, very narrow ; stems dichoto- moiisly-l)anicled ; petals hardly longer than the calyx ; capsules rather cylindrical, almost twice the length of the lanceolate sejjals. © ? H. Native of Persia about Lenk-heran. Per- haps only n variety of .S'. diibia of Rasl ? Petals white. O'ravtl Stitehwort. PI. J to J foot. 21 S. uu'bia (Bast, suppl. p. 2 t. I). C. fl. fr. sujipl. p. 614.) leaves linear, glabrous, rather ciliated on the margins ; stem erect; peduncles erect; sepals 3-ncrved. ©. H. Native of France. Cerastium arvense trigynum. Bast. fl. Maine et Loire, p. 163. Petals white. Doubtful Stitehwort. PI. i foot. 22 S. MONOsrE'uMA (Hamilt. mss. in D. Don, fl. ])rod. ne|). p. 215.) leaves broadly lanceolate, acuminated, sessile, and are glabrous, as well as the erect stem ; panicle terminal, Iriehoto- mous, many-flowered ; calyx glabrous, obtuse, shorter than the CARYOPHYLLE.E. XXXI. Stellauia. 429 corolla; capsules 1 -seeded. 1/. H. Native of Nipaul at Na- rainhetty. S. crispata, Wall, in litt. Of all the species of Sielturift tliis is tlie largest. Le.ives 0 inches long, and an inch or an inch and a half broad. Panicle large, divaricating, many- flowered. Flowers white, and about the size of those of 11. Fl. dan. 90. Cerastium trfgynum, Vill. delph. 3. p. 615. t. 9C. Cerastium refractum, All. ped. no. 17^8. Cerastium stellarioides, Hartm. Flowers small, white. Stamens 8 or 10, when the styles are more than their proper niunber. I'ar. ft, tri/lora (D. C. ])rod. 1. p. 398.) leaves broader, nu- merous, glabrous. 1/. H. Native of Carinthia on the Alps. S. cerastioides, Wulf. in Jac(|. coll. 1. p. 254. t. 19. S. multi- caiilis, Jacq. Stem erect. Peduncles 2-3 together. Cliickn-ccd-iike Stitchwort. Fl. June. Scotland. PI. creeping. •11 S. L/ETA (Richards, in Frankl. 1st jour. ed. 2. app. p. 16.) stem erect, and is as well as the leaves quite smooth, glau- cous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, keeled, acute ; jiedunclcs subge- niinatc, terminal ; petals a little longer than the obscurely 3- nerved, smooth, or pubescent calyx. 7/ . H. Native of Arctic America from the yreat Bear Lake to the shores of the Arctic sea and on the Uocky Mountains. Leaves erect. Anthers white, or when dry, yellowish-brown. Fruitful Stitchwort. PI. decuml)int. 42 S. OKA tiLis (Richards, ex Spreng. syst. ajjp. 1. p. ISO.) stem slender, {[uadrangular, and are, as well as the lanceolate leaves, nerveless and very smooth ; sterile branches terminated by a leafy bud ; flowers solitary, nearly terminal ; sepals 3- nerved, rather shorter than the calyx. 1j:.H. Native of Hud- son's Bay. Shndir Stitchwort. PI. J foot. 43 S. iiuMiFu'sA (Swartz, nov. act- holm. 1787. p. 111. t. 4. f. 1.) leaves ovale, rather leaning to one side, sessile; stems procumbent, stpiare ; pedimcles solitary, short ; sepals ovate, obtuse, with membranaceous margins, scarcely equalling in length the corolla ; petals profoundly 2-parted. % . H. Na- tive of Sweden and Norway. Vabl. fl. dan. t. 978. Petals white. rrttj/i?!^' Stitchwort. Fl. My. Ju. C'lt. I81(i. PI. jiroemiibent. 44 .S. ? Gkoenla'ndica (Ret/, ])rod. 11. scand. ed. 2. no. 552.) leaves linear, a little ciliated at the base, rather fle.shy ; petals emarginate ; .sepals very bhuit ; fruit globose ; stems decum- bent, 2-flowered. %.il. Native of Greenland. This plant is IKrha])s referable to the genus Arcnuria. (Ircvniand Stitchwort. Fl. June. PI. decumbent. 45 S. MARGIN a"ta (Cham, in Schlecht. Linna^a. 1. p. 50.) tufted, densely leafy, smooth; leaves- ovate-lanceolate, connate at the base, with cartilaginous m.irgins, hooked at the apex ; flowers solitary, axillary ; petals and ca])side equal in length with the calyx. 1/. H. Native of North-west America in St. Schischmarefll' Bay. Petals white, eipialling the calyx in length. An elegant ])r()cuml>ent smooth sjiecies. MarginntcdAvawA Stitchwort. PI. procimibent. 4G S. cKi'si'A (Cham, in Schlecht. Liniuea. 1. p. 51.)smooth; stem diflTuse; leaves on very short petioles, ovate, Jicuminated with repandly waved margins ; flowers solitary, axillary ; ]ietals much shorier than the calyx ; capsule equalling the calyx. 1/ ? H. Native of Unal.-ischka. .Stem tetragonal, decumbent. I'lowcrs the size o( Arcnaria Irininia. Curled .Stitchwort. PI. decinnbent. 47 S. '. arena"ria (Lin. s]>cc. (104.) leaves spatulate ; stem erect, bifid, clanmiy, with alternate branches ; petals emarginate. ©. H. Native of Spain. This plant is also perhaps referable to the genus Arcnuria. Petals white. ,S'am/ Stitchwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1799. PI. i foot. 48 S. scAPi'oERA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 710.) stems angular, erect ; leaves linear-lanceolate, much crowded, wiili rough mar- gins, and ciliated at their base ; peduncles elongated, filiform, 1- flowered, and ilisposcd in something like umbels ; petals deeply divided, about the length of the cilyx ; sepals lanceolate, 3-nerved, ciliated. %. H. Native of Scotland by sides of rivulets on the mountains ; in Perthshire, and about Loch Nevis, Inver- ness-shire. Smith, engl. bot. t. 12U9. Don, herb. brit. 10. Petals white. Scape-hearing ^i\\.c\\\\or\.. Fl. June, July. Scotland. PI. -j ft. 49 S. FiscMEUiA NA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 398.) leaves laltceolate, acute, distant, snioothish ; peduncles in pairs, very long, capillary ; petals hardly equalling the calyx in length ; sepals lanceolate, 1 -nerved. %. H. Native of Siberia. Very like -S'. scapijrrra, according to Fischer. Flowers white. Fisclicr'x Stitchwort. Fl. Jime. PI. \ foot. 50 S. flo'kida (Fiseh. in litt. U. C. prod. 1. p. 399.) leaves lanceolate, acute, firm, ciliated ; peduncles terminal and lateral, very long, and generally solitary, still"; petals exceeding the calyx ; sepals lanceolate, somewhat 3-nerved ; capsules exceed- ing the calyx, with rather revolute valves. 1/ ! H. Native of Kamtschatka. Flowers white. Florid Stitchwort. PI. \ foot ? 51 S. Pai.lasia'na (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 399.) leaves ovate, sessile, and are as well as the forked stems pubes- cent ; fruit-bearing peduncles reflexed, almost double the length of the leaves. % I H. Native of Siberia. S. dicho- toma, Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 181C. p. 194. but not of Lin. Flowers white. /'alias's Stitchwort. PI. \ foot. 52 S. Stei'iiania'na (Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 194.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, sessile, and are as well as the forked stems villous ; flowers axillary, solitary, and terminal ; fruit-bearing peduncles erectish, length of leaves. 1/ ? H. Native of Siberia. Very like S. diclwtoma, but every part is much smaller. Flowers white. Stcphan's Stitchwort. PI. -^ foot. 53 S. SciiLECiiTENDAi.iA NA (Ser. mss.in D.C. prod. 1. p. 399.) leaves ovate, cordate, clasping the stem, and are as well as the forked stems villous ; flowers solitary, axillary, and terminal, on short stalks; fruit-bearing peduncles reflexed. "ill H- Native ofSd)eria- S. villosa, Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 194. but not of Poir. Schlechlcndahl's Stitchwort. PI. -i foot. 54 S. RUSciroi.iA (Pall. Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1810. p. 191-.) leaves ovate-cordate, glabrous, acute, clasping the stem, marginated ; flowers axillary, solitary, and terminal, or somewhat aggregate, on long peduncles. 1/ ? H. Native of Siberia. Flowers white. Butcher's liroom-lcaved Stitchwort. PI. J foot. r>o S. DiKFi'sA (Willd. IhtI). ex Schlecht. berl. m.ig. 1810. p. 19.5.) leaves linear, acutish, glabrous ; stems creeping, dill'usely branched; panicle dichotomous, axillary, naked. "H. I H. Na- tive of Siberia. Flowers white. Z);//isopliil(i-likc Sandwort. PI. i foot. 14 A. cAi-iLLARis (Poir. diet. C. p. 380.) lower leaves in tufts, very long, capillary ; stem rather naked, terminated by a 3-flowered innbel ; peduncles elongated, l-flowerelant, forming a dense tuft. Calyx l)rownish-puri)le. Corolla white. Anthers red. Alsine rube'Ua, Wahl. lapp. 128. t. 6. Alsinella rubella, Swartz. sum. veg. seand. p. 17. A. (puulrivalvis, U. Br. in append, to Parry's voy. p. 13. — D. Don, in eng. bot. suppl. t. 2G38. Red Alpine Sandwort. Scotland. PI. 1 to 2 inches. 39 A. Uo'ssii (R. Br. 1. c.) (|uite smooth ; leaves tritiuetrous ; awl-shaped, bluntish, awnless, nerveless, scarcely ecpialling the flower in length ; peduncles 1 -flowered, elongated; petals ob- long, a little longer than the obsoletely 3-nerved sepals. It. H. Native of Melville Island. A small tufted herb. Calyx pur- plish. Corolla white. Ovary 1-celled. The A. liitssii of Richardson in Franklin's journey, p. 738. differs from this in its larger stature, and in the capsule being 3-valved. Alshic stricta dificTS from it in its larger size and in the leaves being acute. lioss's Sandwort. PI. 1 to 2 inches. 40 A. ve'rna (Lin. mant. 72.) plant tufted, many-stemmed; leaves awl-shaped, bluntish ; stems panicled, elongated ; sepals ovate-lanccolate, acuminated, with 3 remote ecpial ribs, longer than the obovate petals ; capsules cylindrical, of 3 valves, longer tli.an the calyx. 1/ . H. Native of the mountainous parts of Europe. In Britain about the le.ad-mines in Derby- shire, as well as in Yorkshire, Westmoreland, and Wales. In Scotland on Arthur's Seat, and many other hills near Edinburgh. Smith, engl. bot. t. 512. Jacq. austr. t. 4(i4, A. saxatilis, Huds. ed. 1. p. 168. Penn. tour, in Wales, t. 2. f. 1. A. juniperina, With. p. 424. A. laricifolia. With. p. 404. A. divaricata, Adams, ex Fisch. in litt. A. flaccida, Schleich. Flowers small, white. Far. fl, ccesjiitdsa (D. C. prod. I. p. 405.) stems very leafy ; calyxes and peduncles smoothish. A. csespitosa, Ehrh. herb. 55. D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 613. Far. y, mhwr (D, C. prod. 1. p. 405.) stem dwarf, 1-flowered. l/.H. Spring Sandwort. Fl. May, Aug. Brit. PI. ^ to | foot. 41 A. Gera'rdi (Willd. spec. 2. p. 729.) plant erect, branched; leaves linear-awl-shaped, 3-nerved ; pedimcles twin, terminal, 1 -flowered; sepals acuminated, 3-nerved, with mem- branaceous margins. 1/ . H. Native of the alps of .Austria and France. A. liniflora, Jacq. aust. t. 445. — Cierard. gallo- prov. 405. no. 7. t. 15. f. 1. ? Flowers white. Perhaps only a variety of A. verna. Gerarrf'* Sandwort. Fl. May, Atig. Clt. 1822. PI. ^ foot. 42 A. ramosi'ssima (W'illd. enum. suppl. p. 24.) stems very much branched, elongated, jianicled ; leaves awl-shaped, bluntish, nerved, recurved ; petals ovate, hardly equalling the sepals in length ; sepals acuminated, striated, and are hispid as well as peduncles; capsules of 3 valves. $. H. Native of Hungary. Horn. hort. hafn. ]>. 96 l. Link. enum. 1. p. 43). This is very like //. verna, but it is of a more loose hal)it. Most-Bramhed S-MuUon. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. a to -J- foot. 43 A. e'legans (Cham, in Schleeht. Linniva. 1. p. 57.) tufted, many-stemmed, smooth ; leaves linear, obtuse, thickish ; peduncles terminal, solitary ; sepals lanceolate, awl-shaped, acuminated, rather keeled ; petals exceeding the calyx ; cap- sule .'i-valved. ll . H. Native of the Bay of St. Lawrence. Plant smooth. Like A. rtrna. Elegant Sandwort. PI. J foot. 4t A. iii'siMDA (Lin. spec. 608.) plant tufted, erect, many- stemmed, pilose, hispid ; p.inicle dichotoinous ; leaves awl- shaped, and are hispid as well on the under surface of the sepals, hardly striated ; corolla exceeding the calyx ; capsules somewhat globose, of 3 valves, hardly longer than the calyx. 2/. H. Native about Montpelier in chalky places. Habit of Sjiergula. Stems simple, with a few scattered hairs. Flowers white. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 789. //i.vyjirf .Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pi. \ to J foot. 45 A. suDULyEFO LlA (Presl. ex Sjireng. syst, 1. p. 182.) stem 1 CARY0PIIYLLE;E. XXXII. Auenaria. 435 tufted, simple ; leaves awl-sliaped, bluntisli, quite sniootli ; panicle dichotonious ; sepals acute, clothed with glandular pu- bescence, twice the length of the petals ; capsules 3-valved, equal in length to the calyx, i; . H. Native of Sicily. A. Arvatica, Presl. ex Spreng. Aivl-haved Sandwort. PI. ^ to ^ foot. 40 A. echina'ta (Poir. diet. C. p. .'J77.) plant dwarf; stems rather branched, short ; leaves filitbrm, awl-shaped, hardly pubescent ; flowers somewhat panicled ; jx!duncles and calyxes glandular, hispid ; corolla equal in length to the calyx ; cap- sules length of calyx. 1/. H. Native of the Alps of Europe. Flowers wliite. £c/«'Hfl/erf-calyxed Sandwort. Fl. Jime, Jidy. PI. -| foot. 47 A. pa'tula (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 273.) plant pubes- cent ; stems filiform, panicled, many-flowered ; leaves setaceous, spreading; petals somewhat emarginate, a little longer than the very acute, striped sepals. l/.H. Native of North America on rocks near Knoxville, Kentucky. Flowers white. This plant resembles A. tenuifolia. SpreadingAeayeA Sandwort. PI. ^^ '^^ i f"*"- 48 A. saxa'tilis (Lin. spec. G07.) leaves awl-shaped ; stems panicled; sepals ovate. l/.H. Native of Germany, Switzer- land, France, and Siberia. — Barrel, icon. t. 580. ? — Gmel. sib. 4. t. 63. f. 2. — Vaill. par. 7. t. 2. f. 3. Flowers white. Stone Sandwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1 732. PI. | to i foot. 49 A. pe'ndula (Waldst. et Kit. hung. l.p. 90. t. 87.) stems filiform, rooting, very long, diffuse ; flower-bearing branches erect ; leaves linear, flat, acute, somewhat fasciculate ; sepals lanceolate, acute, shorter than the petals ; capsules depressed, globose (()-valved ?). Ij. , H. Native of Hungary on chalky rocks. Flowers white. Filaments of stamens hairy at their base. Pendulous Sandwort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1816. PI. i to J ft. 50 A. TENUIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 667.) leaves awl-shaped, seta- ceous ; stems panicled, forked ; sepals awl-shaped, striated, much longer than the petals ; capsules of 3 valves, hardly exceeding the calyx in length. ©. H. Native of dry barren sandy fields, and on walls in many parts of Europe. Li Britain in several parts of Cambridgeshire ; at Oxburgh, Norfolk, Worcestershire, and Oxfordshire. Smith, engl. bot. t. 219, Fl. dan. t. 389. Alshie tenuifolia, Bauh. hist. 3. p. 2. 364. f. A. viscosa, Schreb. Lips. 30. Petals white. Var. a, Vadlantiana (D. C. prod. 1. p. 406.) stems tufted, erect, glabrous, branching at the top. — Vaill. par. t. 3. f. 1. Var. fl, Barrelieri (D. C. 1. c.) stems much branched, glabrous, rather procumbent. A. Barrelieri, Vill. dauph. 4. p. 634. — Barrel, icon. t. 580. Native of Dauphiny. Var. y, simpliciuscula (Ser. mss.) stem glabrous, erect, upper part branched ; calyx glabrous ; stamens 3 or 4. Var. c, hylrida (D. C. 1. c.) stem straight, glabrous ; calyxes clothed with glandular viscid hairs. A. hy'brida, Vill. dauph. 4. p. 634. t.47. A. pentandra, Duf. ann. gen. 7. p. 292. Native of Dauphiny. Var. £, viscidula (D. C. 1. c.) stems erect, upper part branched, and are as well as calyxes covered with viscid hairs. A. visci- dula, Thuil. fl. par. ed. 2. p. 219. A. dubia, Sut. fl. helv. 1. p. 266. A. viscosa, Pers. ench. 1. p. 504. Native of Switzer- land. Fine-leaved Sandwort. Fl. Ju. July. Brit. PI. ^ to -^ foot. 51 A. VILLOSA (Ledeb. ex Steud. nom. 67. descr. ex Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 406.) leaves linear, awl-shaped, 3- nerved, ciliated ; stems pubescent, villous ; sepals ovate-lan- ceolate, acuminated, striated, 3-nerved, with membranaceous margins, longer than the corolla. l/.H. Native of Siberia. Flowers white. Villoiis-stemmeii Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. |- to j foot. 52 A. CALYcfNA (Poir. voy. 2. p. 167. diet. 6. p, 370.) plant very smooth ; leaves grassy, short ; peduncles very long, gene- rally 1 -flowered ; sepals lanceolate, very acute, with mem- branaceous margins ; petals oblong, narrow, much shorter than the calyx ; capsules oval, of 5 valves, almost equal in length to the calyx. ©. H. Native of Barbary. Petals white. Large-crt/(/.rt'rf Sandw^ort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. ■J to i foot. 53 A. ? spiNULiFLoiiA (Ser. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 406.)plant very smooth ; leaves filiform, obtuse ; flowers dichotomously- panicled, mmierous, small ; sepals lanceolate, membranaceous, pellucid, with long points ; petals very short ; stamens 5 ? Native of the Levant. Petals wliite. Spiny-Jlowcrcd Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ to ^ foot. 54 A. tria'ndra (Schrank. hort. monac. t. 30.) stem dicho- tomous, diffiise ; leaves flat, linear, very narrow ; corolla smaller than the calyx ; flowers triandrous ; capsules of 3 valves. ©. H. Native? Minuartia tenuifolia, ALirt. hort. erlang, p. 44. ex Schrank. 1. c. Petals white. Perhaps only a variety of A. tenuifolia. Triandrous Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI. i^ to ^ foot. 55 A. emargina'ta (Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 202.) stems erect ; leaves linear, bluntish ; sepals lanceolate ; petals emarginate. shorter than the calyx. ©. H. Native of Portugal on dry hills beyond the Tagus, and of Algiers. Stems racemose, clammy. Leaves sessile. Petals reddish, emarginate. Schlecht. in berl. mag. 1816. p. 212. ? -fiwar^JHO^e-petalled Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ to ^ ft. 56 A. Mediterra'nea (Ledeb. ex Link. enum. 1. p. 431.) stem very much branched ; leaves linear, recurved ; sepals striated, with long points and membranaceous margins, much longer than the corolla ; capsules longer than tlie calyx. ©. H. Native ? This was sent under the name of A. calycina, see Horn. hafn. and A. calycina, Pers. Peduncles very long. Petals white. Mediterranean Sandwort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1823. PI. \ to ^ ft. 57 A. recu'rva (All. ped. no. 1713. t. 89. f. 8.) leaves ra- dical, crowded, recurved, awl-shaped, leaning rather to one side ; stems tufted, simple, generally 3-flowered ; sepals ovate- lanceolate, striated, covered with glandular hairs as well as the peduncles ; petals ovate, a little longer than the sepals ; capsules ovate, of 3 valves, shorter than the calyx ; seeds somewhat kidney-shaped, hardly dotted. If.H. Native of the higher Alps of Europe in stony meadows, particularly fn Switzerland, Italy, Austria, and Moravia. Jacq. coll. 1. p. 244. t. 16. f. 1. There is a variety of this plant with from 1-8 flowers on each stem. Flowers white. Var. fl, hispidida(Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 406.) stems, leaves, and peduncles covered with glandular hairs. 2/ . H. Native of Vallais. Flowers white. Recurved-leaxeA Sandwort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1 822. PI. | ft. 58 A. HiRSUTA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 349.) plant hairy ; leaves awl-shaped, 3-nerved, bluntish ; lower leaves imbricate, re- curved; stems declinate ; panicle many-flovveied, dichotomous; sepals acute, somewhat 5-nerved, hairy, almost equal in length to the corolla ; capsule 3-valved ; seeds rather disciform, with echinated margins. %. H. Native of Tauria on high moun- tains. Flowers white. Perhaps only a variety of A. rectirva. Hairy Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PL i foot. 59 A. calycula'ta (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 7.) plant somewhat pubescent ; leaves thickish, somewhat fasciculate, semicylin- drical, awl-shaped, curved ; sepals lanceolate, elongated, acutish, 5-nerved, with membranaceous margins ; petals entire ; capsules ovate, longer than the calyx. l^.H. Native of Hungary. Flowers white. C'alyculated Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI. i ft. 3K 2 I.UJ CAUVOI'IIVLLE.E. XXXII. Auenaria. ()0 A. cla'bba (Midi. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 271.) plant very smootli, i-rcctisli, many-steinmed ; leaves linear-awl-sliaped, flat, spreadiiiii; ; pedicels 1 -flowered, eloiifjatod, divaricating ; sepals oval, hluntisli, sniootli, shorter than the corolla. 1/. H. Native of North Carolina on rocks. Stelliiria uniflora, ^Valt. fl. carol, p. lU. Flowers white. Glabrous Sand-wort. Fl. June, July. Ph \ loot. CI A. KUPt'sTRis (Labill. pi. syr. dec. 4. p. 8. t. l. f. 1.) stems ascending ; leaves setaceous, obtuse, soniewliat curved, crowded, a little ciliated beneath ; flowers panicled, from '^-1- ; sepals ovate, oblong, ratlier hairy, 3-nerved ; petals oval-ol)long, twice as long as the sepals; disk glandidar under the ovary ; capsules of S valves, hardly exceeding llie calyx in lengtli. T^ . H. Native of Moimt Lebanon. Flowers white. liovk Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. | foot. G.' A. si:ta~ci;a (Thuil. fl. par. ed. 2. p. 220.) stem very nuich branched ; flowers panicled, fastigiate ; leaves setaceous, in bundles, ciliated at their base, all leaning to one side ; sepals awl-shaped, acute, with white, membranaceous margins, almost equal in length with the jjctals ; capsules of .'i valves, rising above the calyx. l/.II. Native among stones on dry hills about Paris and Fontainebleau. Flowers white. far. u, pilosa {Stir. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 407.) stems hairy at the bottom. If.. H. A. heteromalla, Pers. ench. I. p. 'lOl. A. saxiitilis, Lolsel. fl. gall. ]). 261. exclusive of the s\ nonymes of Lin. and N'ahl. I iir. /5, rugii.sa (Ser. mss. in I). C. 1. c.) stem pubescent at the bottom. %.\\. A. heteromalla, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 3;i0. Flowers wliite. Plant greenish-glaucous. .S't7«c(OH4-leaved .Satidwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PI. \ to i foot. (i^ A. fascicula'ta (Gouan. ill. 30.) leaves awl-shaped, setaceous, in bundles ; stems erect, straight, almost simple ; flowers fascicled ; pedicels shorter than the leaves ; sepals unequal, acuminated, somewhat membranaceous, with two narrow- lines, almost twice the length of the obtuse petjds ; capsules of .'5 valves, shorter than the calyx ; seeds kidney-shaped, rough, with rather .serrated margins. $ . \\. Native in sandy or gra- velly sunny places, in many parts of Europe, particularly about Montpelier, Austria, and Carniola. In Scotland on rocks in Fifeshire and the mountains of Angus-sliire. Jaci|. austr. 2. t. 182. A. fastigiuta. Smith, en^l. hot. t. 1744. Alsine mucvo- nita. Lam. diet. l-. p. 310. Stelliiria rubra. Scop. earn. 1. p. .'il6. t. 17. Stems often purplish. Petals white. Fasckled-\i:a\eA Sandwort. Fl. June. Scotland. PI. -^ ft. Ct A. I'ASTiGiA^TA (Lin. syst. nat. ed. 12. vol. 3. p. 733. Smith, (1. gritc. 442.) stem fastigiate, leafy, pubescent, viscid, \illous; panicle leafy; sepals linear-lanceolate, very long, ciliated ; petals very short ; leaves linear-awl-.sliaped, ciliated, connate. ©. II. Native of Asia Minor. Flowers in racemose panicles. Faslif^ialc Sandwort. PI. ]j foot. (!.3 A. Fhankli'ni (Hook. fl. bor. amer. t. :i5.) root fusiform ; stems numerous ; ])anicle fastigiate, crowded ; sepals lanceolate, acuminated ; petals oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, shorter than tbe sepals ; leaves linear-awl-shaped, finely ciliated at the ba.se and connate; capside (J-valved at the a])ex. 1/. H. Native of North America in the arctic regiims. Flowers white. i'ranklins Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. \ foot. 31. Smith, icon, ined. 1. ]>. 18. t. 18. Lam. ill. t. 392. f. 3. Spergula arenarioides, Herb. AVilld. Larch-like Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. t '° ^J f""'- 70 A. ULiGiNOSA (Schleich. cent. exs. 1. no. 47. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 786. icon. ])1. gall. p. 1 !•. t. 46.) stem erect, branched from the base ; leaves linear, biuutish ; branches naked ; peduncles twin, 1-flowered, generally terminal, furnished with two braeteas at the base of each ; sepals lanceolate, nerveless, hardly longer tlian the ovate petals ; capsides ovate, of 3-valves, e(iual in length to the calyx ; seeds somewhat kidney-sha])ed, orange-coloured. ■2^. H. Native of Jura, .Siberia, and Lapland, in turfy bogs. Spergula stricta, Swartz, act. holm, and in .Schrad. journ. 1800. vol. 2. p. 256. Petals white. I'ar.ii, ■purpiirala (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 407.) stems and calyxes piuple. A. musconmi, Adams ex Fisch. in litt. Bon- "Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1811). PI. -J foot. 71 A. polvoonoi'des (\Vulf. in Jac(i. coll. 1. p. 241. t. 15.) jdant procumbent ; leaves linear, obtuse, ciliated ; peduncles either in twos or threes, 1-flow-ered, furnished with two braeteas at the middle of each ; se\)als oblong-linear, obtuse, without nerves, hardly shorter than the corolla ; capsides ovate, of ,3 valves, hardly exceeding the calyx ; seeds somewhat disciform, black. 1/ . H. Native of Sw-itzerland in stony places. \. obtusa, All. ped. t. 64. f. 4. Stellaria ciliata, .Scop. H. earn, ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 315. no. 536. t. 17. Stellaria biflora. Gun. fl. norv. 1. p. 45. no. 91. Petals white. I ar. ji, occulta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 408.) peduncles very long, l-flowered. 1/. II. Native of Siberia on the Altaian moun- tains. A. occulta, Fisch. in litt. Petals white. yW//^r««,„H-/;A-c Sandwort. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1822. PI. i ft. 72 A. Bava'rica (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 31.>.) leaves linear, semi- cylindrical, fleshy, obtuse, longer than the spaces of the stem between the leaves ; stems branched, somewhat dichotomous, hard, jointed; ])eduncles terminal, generally in pairs. -2^. H. Native of Bavaria and .'-^ibi-ria. .Saxifraga Bavarica, Kay. hist. 1033. A. Ponce, Uchh. icon. t. 138. Petals white. Seeds fe\v. Bavarian .Sandwort. Fl. Jime, Jidy. PI. -| foot. 73 A. Sajane'nsis (Willd. herb, ex Schleeht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 200.) leaves linear, bluntish ; stems procumbent : i)eduncles CARYOPHYLLEyE. XXXII. Auenaria. 437 terminal, very sliort, 1 -flowered; sepals 1 -nerved. Tt ? H. Native of the Altaian mountains at Sajan. Petals white. Sajan Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. \ foot. li A. ju'ncea (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 309.) stems erect, simple ; leaves linear, setaceous, rouijli, ciliated ; panicle diclio- tomous, pubescent ; sepals acute, villous, obscurely 3-nerved, almost equal in lengtli to the corolla. © ? H. Native of Tauria. Petals wliite. Rush-like Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. -j- to -j foot. 75 A. VERTiciLLA^TA (Willd. spcc. 2. p. Ho.) Icaves awl- shaped, stiff', spinose, and are as well as the flowers disposed in whorls ; peduncles 4-flowered, somewhat capitate ; sepals linear, awl-shaped, pungent ; petals lanceolate. ^ . H. Native of Armenia between Erzerum and Tocat. Petals white. /(VioWcrf-leaved Sandwort. Fl. Jime, Jidy. Clt. 1823. Shrid) i foot. 76 A. filifo'rmis (Labill. pi. syr. dec. 4. p. 8. t. 3. f 2.) stem simple, filiform, naked at the top ; leav-es setaceous, acumi- nated ; panicle somewhat dichotomous, few-flowered ; sepals elliptical, glabrous ; petals oval-oblong, tapering to the base, twice as long as the sepals ; capsules of 3- valves (longer than the calyx?) seeds kidney-shaped. ©. H. Native of the island of Cyprus. Petals white. Filiform-stemmed Sandwort. Fl. Jime, July. PI. -j to ^ ft. 77 A. pnARNACEOiDEs (Scr. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 408.) leaves filiform, mucronate, somewhat fasciculate ; stem branched ; .•flowers somewhat umbellate ; sepals ovate, obtuse ; petals twice as long as sepals. © ? H. Native of the Levant. Stems and peduncles partly clothed with glandidar hairs. Flowers white. Pharnaceum-like Sandwort.- Fl. June, July. PI. | to |^ foot. 78 A. pi'cTA (Sibth. and Smith, fl. gnec. t. 439.) stems leaf- less, dichotomous, hairy towards the top ; leaves tufted, awl- shaped; petals emarginatc, veiny on the mider surface. ©. H. Native of the island of Cyprus in fields. Petals white, but veined on the under surface with red. Pa/«^erf-petalled Sandwort. Fl. Jime, July. PI. \ foot. 79 A. margina'ta (Bieb. in herb. Willd. ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 212. but not of D. C.) stems ciliated; leaves linear awl-shaped, smoothish ; sepals acute, edged. % . H. Native of Eastern Siberia. Plant small, almost woody, much branched. Petals white. ^f/o-erf-sepalled Sandwort. Fl. June, Jidy. PI. \ foot. SO A. cane'scens (Vahl. herb, ex Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 964. in add.) leaves awl-shaped, fleshy ; sepals nerved, one- half shorter than the petals, ■y. H. Native? A. macrocarpa, Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 964. but notof Pursh. Flowers white. CnnwccHi Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI. ^ ft. 81 A.? Jure'ssi (Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag.l 8 16. p. 212.) leaves linear, a\sl-shaped, leaning rather to one side ; sepals lanceolate. 1/ ? H. Native of Portugal on mount Gerez. Petals white. Plant dwarf, tufted. ./wreis's Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. | foot. 82 A. pu'lchra (Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 212.) plant erect, glabrous ; leaves linear, awl- shaped ; flowers panicled ; sepals membranaceous, edged, shorter than the petals. % ? H. Native on mount Ararat. Flowers large, white. Fair Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. i foot. 83 A.? armeri'na (Bory, ann. gen. sc. ph. 3. 1820. p. .5.) stems diffuse, woody ; leaves connate, linear, acute, stiff', when old recurved ; flowers capitate. Tj . F. Native of Spain in hedges near Sierra Nevada. Petals white. Sivcct-WilUam Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Shrub I foot. 84 A. EXTENSA (Duf. ann. gen. 7. p. 291.) plant "regidarly pubescent, diffuse, laranched ; stems elongated ; leaves linear ; flowers loosely panicled ; petals length of calyx ; capsules ob- versely conical, inclosed within the calyx. Tj: ? H. Native of Spain on arid hills in the province of Valentia. Flowers rose- coloured. Extended Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. j foot. 85 A. ? Kafinesquia NA (Scr. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 409.) leaves imbricated, awl-shaped, acute ; stems sparingly branched, rather erect ; peduncles solitary, terminal, almost naked, 1 or 3- flowercd ; stamens 8 or 10. % ? H. Native of North America in New Jersey. A. imbricata, Rafinesque journ. bot. 1. p. 229. suppl. 5. p. 8. but not of Bieb. Petals white. • Rajinesquc's Sandwort. Fl. June, Jidy. PI. \ foot. 86 A.? Cherle'ri^ (Fisch.in litt. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 409.) plant small, tufted ; leaves linear, awl-shaped, curved at the points ? rather imbticale ; flowers terminal or somewhat corym- bose ; sepals oblong, bluntish, rather membranaceous, twice as long as the narrow petals. ©. H. Native of Siberia. A. Daliurica, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 398. Petals white. Var. a, unijlura (D. C. 1. c.) flowers solitary, terminal ; stem almost wanting ; leaves curved at the points. ©. H. Native of Dahuria on rocks near Gra^dina. Habit of C/terleria sedoides, Petals white. I ar. ft, fasciculuta (D. C. 1. c.) flowers somewhat umbellate ; stem elongated ; leaves not curved at the points. ©. H. Native of Dahuria, very common in places exposed to the sun. Petals white. C7;erZt');a-like Sandwort. Fl. March, May. PI. |^ to i foot. § 3. Leaves lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, oval, spatulate or roundish. T lie 'plants of this division are easily known from the rest in the leaves neither being grassy nor setaceous, 87 A. tetra'quetra (Lin. spec. G05.) leaves ovate, keeled, recurved, edged, imbricated in four rows ; stems straight, pu- bescent ; flowers somewliat capitate ; sepals stiff", acute, keeled, ciliated, almost equal in lengtli to the corolla ; capsules ovate, truncate, of 6-valves, with the valves callose at the apex ; seeds kidney-shaped, very rough. 7^. H. Native of France and the shores of the Mediterranean on sterile mountains. Flowers white. Far. a, laxij'ulia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 409.) leaves distant; heads many-flowered; stems elongated. 1|.. H. Native of Piedmont, Pyrenees, and about Montpelier. All. ped. no. 1718. t. 89. f. 1. — Magn. p. 5S. icon. Var. ft, densifolia (D. C. 1. c.) leaves densely imbricated ; heads few-flowered ; stems short. A. imbricata. Lag. in litt. Gypsophila aggregata, Lin. spec. 581. l/.H. Native of the shores of the Mediterranean. (S'(^»a)f-stemmed Sandwort. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1731. PI. ^ to 4 ft. 88 A. AMABiLis (Bory. ann. gen. sc. phys. 3. 1820. p. 5.) leaves triangular, concave, acute, revolute ; stems branched, level topped, tufted, naked at the bottom ; peduncles almost wanting, leafy ; sepals rigid. %. H. Native of Spain at Sierra Nevada. Petals white. Perhaps A. imbricata, Lag. ann. 5. p. 278? Lovely Sandwort. Fl. Aug. PI. \ foot. 89 A. GiESEKii (Horn. fl. dan. t. 1518.) plant glandular, hispid ; leaves linear-lanceolate, stiff", 3-nerved ; peduncles very long, almost naked, 1 -flowered ; sepals lanceolate, acute, 3- nerved, longer than the corolla ; capsules of 3, rarely of 6-valves, almost twice as long as the calyx ; seeds kidney-shaped, rough- ish. l/.H. Native of Greenland. Petals white. Gicseke's Sandwort. PI. ^ foot. 90 A. rubicu'nda (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 399.) stem erect, branched, pubescent ; leaves lanceolate-linear, pubescent ; pe- duncles solitary, 1-flowered, elongated ; sepals acuminated, hairy, shorter than the corolla. 1/ . H. Native of Siberia. A. pur- piirea, Willd. herb. Flowers purplish. • Reddish-Rowered Sandwort. PI. i foot. 91 A. MUSCORUM (Fisch. in litt. but not of Adams, D. C', 438 CARY0PI1VLLF..T;. XXXII. Arenaria. j)rod. 1 . p. 409.) plant tufted ; leaves ohlonp, obtuse, striated, ciliated; stems sliort, puberulous, 1 -flowered; sepals ovate, ob- tuse, sumewliat striated, much smaller than tlic corolla. %. H. Native of Kamtschatka. Petals white. Mois-like .Sandwort. PI. -Jt foot. 92 A. moue'sta (Duf. ann. f;en. 7. p. 291.) plant viscid, pu- bescent, erect, slender, somewhat dichotomous ; leaves oblong- linear, lower ones elliptical-ovate ; pediuicles filiform, at length divaricating ; sepals lanceolate, acute, nerveless ; petals ovate- oblong, hardly the length of the sepals ; capsules ovate, of G valves, about the length of the calyx. 0. H. Native of Spain about Valentia. I'lowers white. Modest Sandwort. Fl. June, Jidy. PI. -i to i foot. 93 A. NEMORosA (H. B. et Kuntl), gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 35.) plant branched, procumbent, puberuloiis ; leaves stalked, ol)long, acute, mucronate, veiny, membranaceous ; petals shorter than the sepals; capsules containing few seeds; seeds even, shining. 1/. F. Native of Soutli America. A. alsinoides, Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 181G. p. 201. Stelliiria pu- buscens, Willd. herb, ex Kuntli, 1. c. Petals white. Seeds len- ticular, kidney-shaped. I'ar. a, Quitinsis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 409.) spaces of stem between the leaves longer than in var. ji. Stems and branches terete. 1/. V. Native of Quito in groves. Petals wliite. Var. ft, Novogranatins'is (D. C. prod. 1. p. 409.) leaves ob- long, half an inch long, or lanceolate, an inch long ; stems and branelus terete. 1/ . F. Native of the Andes in New Granada in temperate places, at the height of 3000 feet. Petals white. Grove Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. \ foot. 94 A. galioi'des (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 410.) stems slender, pilosely-hispid ; leaves lanceolate-linear, acute, thin, ciliated, disposed somewhat in whorled bundles ; flowers in dichotomous panicles ; peduncles capillary, elongated ; sepals lanceolate, acute, nerveless, pilosely hispid, with the edges some- what membranaceous, hardly longer than the corolla. 1/ ? H. Native of? Habit of Galium A'nglicum, but more slender. Flowers white. Lady's-Iied-Stran-like Sandwort. Fl. June, Jidy. PI. \ to I foot. 95 A. lanceoh'ta (All. ped. no. 1715. t. 26. f. 5.) plant tufted, rather villous ; branches ascending ; leaves lanceolate, narrow, acute, stiff, nerved ; pedicels tw ice as long as the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, acute, nerved, hardly longer than the corolla ; capsules of 3-valves, length of calyx, with the valves callose at the apex. %. H. Native of the Alps of Piedmont in stony pastures. Flowers white. Par. ft, clicrleriotdes (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 785.) plant small; stems creeping and tufted ; leaves imbricated. — A. cherleriokles, Vill. dauph. 4. p. 020. t. 47. f. 1. i;. H. Native of Dauphiny. Flowers white. /,a?ict'o/n/f-leaved Sandwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1 820. PI. J. foot. 96 A. de'nsa (Kit. ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 200.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, scabrous ; stems tufted, branched, ascending ; sterile branches short, floral ones generally bearing 3 flowers ; sepals ovate, rather scarious ; petals twice as long as the calyx. 1/. II. Native of Croatia. Petals white. Dense Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI. \ foot. 97 A. I'lupura'scens (Kam. pyr. ined. D. C. fl. fV. 4. p. 785. and 5. p. Gil, icon. pi. rar. gall. p. 14. t. 45.) plant tufted, decumbent ; branches erect, 2 or 3-flowered ; leaves ovate-lan- ceolate, acuminated, glabrous ; pedicels tomentose, scarcely ex- ceeding the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, smooth, with scarious margins, longer than the corolla ; ca])sules ovately-cylindrical, semi-C-valved, hardly protruding beyond the calyx ; valves acute; seeds kidney-shaped. 1/. H. Native on the higher Pyrenees. A. cerastioides, Pers. ench. 1. p. 502. Lapey. pyr. abr. p. 252. but not of Poir. Flowers |>urplisli, /*»r;)/(s/i-flowered Sandwort. PI. ', foot. 98 A. vi0L.\'cEA (Ledeb. ex Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 410.) leaves lanceolate, smoothish ; flowers somewhat panieled, erect, terminal ; pedimcles covered with clammy hairs, e<|ual in length to the calyx ; sepals oblong, beset with clammy hairs ; ))etals narrow, obovate, twice as long as the sepals. 11 ! H. Native of Siberia towards Ochotsk. A. purpiirea, Willd. Flowers violaceous or purple. /'io/rtct'OM«-Howered Sandwort. Fl. Jime, July. PI. „ to | ft. 99 A. abikti'na (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. app. IHI.) stem tufted, ascending, few-flowered, rather villous ; leaves linear- lanceolate, awned, stiff, smooth, ciliated at the base ; petals ob- ovate, emarginate, longer than the acuminated sepals. 1/ . H. Native of Sicily. This is certainly a species of Slellciria. Per- haps y/. nrniidijlora, Lin. rir-like .Sandwort. PI. ^ foot. 100 A. monta'na (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 272.) plant pubescent; leaves lanceolate-linear ; sterile stems very long, procumbent ; peduncles terminal, very long, 1 -flowered, fruit-bearing ones nodding ; sepals lanceolate, acuminated, much shorter than the corolla ; capsules ovate-globose, of G-valves, equal in length to the calyx ; valves bluntish ; seeds kidney-shaped, rough. 1/ . H. Native of the west of France and Spain, on sterile moun- tains. D. C. fl. fr. 4. ]). 784. Vent. eels. t. 34. Sims, bot. mag. 1118. A. linearifblia, Poir. diet. G. p. 366. Habit of Cer«i/ium. Root creeping ? Flowers large, white. Fruit nodding. I'ar. ft, intricdta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 410.) leaves almost linear. A. intricata, Dut'. in litt. If.. II. Native of Spain about Va- lentia. Mountain Sandwort. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1800. PI. | foot. 101 A. ruscifolia (Poir. diet. 6. p. 365.) leaves coria- ceous, ovate, spinose, edged, approximate ; flowers in dichotomous panicles ; sepals ovate, pungent, striped, almost one-half sliorter than the petals ; capsules ovate, of 6 v.-ilves exceeding the caly.x in length ; valves narrow, acute. % 1 H. Native I Flowers white. Butcher' s-Broom-lcaved Sandwort. PI. -j foot. 102 A. RE PENS (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 410.) plant hairy ; leaves ovate, almost sessile ; stems creeping ; flowers solitary, axillary ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; sepals lan- ceolate, acutish, hardly longer than the corolla, with mend)rana- ceous margins; capsules ovate, of G valves, equal in length to the calyx ; seeds kidney-shajjed, shining, black. 2/ . II. Na- tive ? Alsine repens, herb. Deless. Flowers white. Crecping-siemnKd Sandwort. Fl. M.iy, July. PI. creeping. 103 A. Walliciiiana (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 411.) plant very smooth ; leaves ovate-lanceolate ; stems much branch- ed, very numerous ; sepals lanceolate, acute, rather pellucid, 1- nerved, longer than the corolla ; cajisules ovate, profoundly 6- valved, equal in length to tlie calyx ; seeds somewhat pear- shaped, rough. ©. H. Native of Nipaul at Narainhetty. A. serpyllifolia, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 215. Very like A. ser- pyllifolia, but distinct. Petals white. /ra//if/i'i Sandwort. Fl. June, Aug. PI. -J to -i foot. 104 A. Uralk'nsis (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 396.) stem much branched, scabrous; Ictves ovate, acute, sessile, nerved, rather pilose ; peduncles .iggregate, beset with glandular pili ; sepals acuminated, exceeding the corolla. Q ! H. Native of Siberia on the Ural mountains. Ural Sandwort. PI. -J- foot. 105 A. buxifolia (Poir. diet. G. p. 362.) plant pubescent; leaves ovate-oblong, sessile ; stems creeping ; peduncles dicho- tomous, gener.illy 2-flowered ; sepals linear, short, obtuse, with CARYOPHYLLE.i;. XXXII. Arenaria. 439 membranaceous margins; petals hariUy longer tlian tlie calyx; capsules ovate, obtuse (of 5 valves ?) equal in length to the calyx. ©. H. Native of Canada. Petals white. Box-leaved Sandnort. PI. creeping. 106 A. SERPYLLiFOLiA (Lin. spec. GOG.) leaves ovate, acute, sessile, rough, ciliated, and smooth ; stems panicled ; sepals hairy, lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, 3 outermost 5-nerved, green, opaque, almost double the size of the corolla ; capsules ovate, G-valved at apex, equal in length to the calyx ; seeds exactly kidney-shaped, wrinkled. ©. H. Native throughout tlie whole of Europe, on walls and dry sandy ground, common, as well as in North America in cultivated ground, and on road sides from New York to Carolina. Smith, engl. bot. t. d2S. Curt. lond. fasc. 4. t. 32. Fl. dan. 977. Stellaria serpyllifolia. Scop. earn. no. 544. Flowers white, solitary. Var. /3, i-'iscida (Ser. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 411.) stems dwarf; leaves and calyxes fidl of nerves and clammy. Jf'ild-Thi/me-leavedSmulwort. Fl. Jidy. Britain. PI. i ft. 107 A. Purshia'na (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 414.) stem dichotomous, diffuse ; leaves oval, acutish ; peduncles alter- nate, axillary, solitary, elongated ; sepals acute, length of petals. 0. H. Native of Labrador on the sea-shore. A. thymifolia, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 317. but not of Sibth and Smith. Petals white. Pursh' s Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. -^ to ^ foot, lOS A. THYMIFOLIA (Smith, fl. grajc. t. 441.) stems numerous, slender, panicled ; leaves narrow-spatidate, smooth, 3-nerved ; petals unguiculate, ovate, longer than the 3-nerved sepals. ©. H. Native of Candia. Flowers small, white ; anthers brown- ish. Like A. serjitjllifbUa. Thyme-leaved Sandwort. PI. J to \ foot. 109 A. CoiMBRicENSis (Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 200. phyt. lus. p. 179. t. 73.) leaves fleshy, lanceolate, nerveless, glabrous on the under surface, but pubescent on the upper surface ; stem pa- nicled, dichotomous, erect ; petals twice as long as the sepals ; capsides G-valved at the apex ; sepals bluntish, nerveless, shorter than the corolla. 0. H. Native of Portugal in sandy groimd near Coimbra and elsewhere. Petals white. Coimbra Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. \ foot. 110 A. pube'scens (D'Urv. enum. pi. arch. p. 50.) plant pu- bescent ; leaves ovate, acute, on short footstalks ; stems spread- ing, branched, elongated ; sepals acute, shorter tlian the corolla. %. H. Native of the island of Cos on the summits of the mountains at the height of 1200 feet above the level of the sea. Flowers white. Very like A. cilidta, but differing in all parts of the plant being densely clothed with down ; the leaves are nar- rower, and the sepals are not striped. Pubescent Sandwort. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1 820. PI. i foot. 111 A. cine'rea (D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 811.) plant grey, hairy ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, ciliated, upper ones distant, lan- ceolate, acute ; flowers in dichotomous panicles, on long pedun- cles ; sepals lanceolate, acute, somewhat keeled, almost one-half smaller than the corolla ; capsules ovate, equal in length with the calyx, of G valves ; valves callose at the apex. If. . H. Nativ e of the south of France. Flowers white. Cinereous Sandwort. Fl. April, Aug. PI. ^ foot. 112 A. brevicau'lis (Sternb. in Spreng. pi. min. cog. 1. p. 31.) leaves oblong, acutish, 3-nerved, ciliated, somewhat imbri- cate ; stems prostrate ; sepals lanceolate, acuminated, striped, exceeding the petals in length, with membranaceous margins. >) ? H. Native of the Alps of Rhaetia. Petals white. Very like A. ciliata, but differing in the stems being erect, leaves blunt, 1 -nerved ; sepals smaller, and petals 1 -nerved. Short-stemmed Sandwort. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823. PI. i ft. 113 A. sca'bra (Poir. diet. G. p. 377.) leaves lanceolate, acute, spreading, scabrous ; stem simple, very short ; peduncles panicled, dichotomous ; sepals ovate, acuminated, striped, rough, with membranaceous margins, shorter than the corolla. 1/ ? H. Native of the Alps of Europe. Flowers white. AScflirawi-leaved Sandwort. Fl. May, Jid. Clt. 1822. PI. -1 ft. 114 A. Redo'wskii (Cham, in Schlccht. Linna;a, 1. p. 58.) leaves elliptical, acute at both ends, mucronate, membranous, ciliated^ at the base ; stems procumbent, tufted ; sepals ovate, acuminated, shorter than the corolla ; petals longer than the calyx. !(:. H. Native of Siberia. Like A. ciliata. Redojvs/ci's Sandwort. PI. procumbent. 115 A. Cre'tica (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 396.) stem tufted; leaves crowded, oblong, acute, stiffish, smooth ; peduncles ter- minal, usually 1-flowered, clammy-pubescent ; sepals keeled, acutish, shorter than the corolla, i;. H. Native of Candia. A. hirta, Sieb. Cretan Sandwort. PI. i foot. IIG A. cilia'ta (Lin. spec. G08.) leaves ovate or obovate, roughish, with a few hairs, 1-nerved, and ciliated; stems pro- cumbent ; flowers usually solitary ; sepals ovate, acute, 5-7- ribbed ; petals obovate, twice as long as the sepals ; capsules ovate, of G-valves, equal in length to the calyx. i(.. H. Native of Europe on high mountains. In Ireland upon the limestone clifl's of a high mountain adjoining to Ben Bulben, in the county of Sligo. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1745. Fl. dan. t. 346. Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 1. p. 245. t. 16. f. 1. Fl. dan. t. 346. A thick, f-fted, spreading, procumbent plant. Flowers white. Far. ji, mullicaiilis (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 783.) leaves pulpy and somewhat leathery, and with the sepals scarcely nerved. A. multicaiilis, Wulf in Jacq. coll. 1. p. 248. t. 17. f. 1. Flowers white. Ciliated-]ea.\ed Sandwort. Fl. July, Sep. Ireland. PI. pro- cumbent. 117 A. scopuLoRUM (H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 31.) stems elongated, much branched, procumbent; leaves lanceolate-linear, acute, 1-nerved, membranaceous, with the margins and the back ciliated ; calyx glabrous, shorter than the petals ; capsules containing only 2 or 3 seeds ; seeds smooth, shining, i; . F. Native of the Andes of Peru at the height of 5100 feet. A. di'gyna, WiUd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 201. Flowers white. Rocky Sandwort. PI. procumbent. 118 A. decussa'ta (Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. in berl. mag. 1816. p. 35.) plant very much branched, creeping; branches hairy ; leaves lanceolate-linear, acute, mucronate, with thickened margins, 1-nerved, stiff, ciliated ; petals longer than the sepals ; ovary containing 4 or 5 seeds. 1/ . F. Native of Mexico near Moran at the height of 3990 feet above the level of the sea. H. B. and Kunth, gen. et spec. G. p. 34. Petals white. Decussate-leaved Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. j to |^ foot. 119 A. se'rpens (H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. G. p. 32.) plant much branched, creeping, glabrous ; leaves oblong, somewhat spatulate, obtuse, rather fleshy, veinless, ciliated at the base ; petals hardly longer than the sepals ; capsules con- taining generally about 15 seeds ; seeds smooth, shining. ^. F. Native of Peru at the bottom of mount Chimborazo, at the height of 4920 feet. Flowers white. Serpent Sandwort. PI. creeping. 120 A. Raddia'na (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 412.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, tapering to the base, ciliated ; stems very long, branched, prostrate, glabrous, quadrangular ; peduncles axillary, 1 to 3-flowered; flowers apetalous. © ? F. Native of Madeira. Sepals lanceolate, j)ellucid, with three green nerves. Bracteas two, somewhat similar to the sepals. A. alsinoides, Raddi brev. osserv. p. 13. but not of Willd. Raddi's Sandwort. PI. prostrate. 121 A. Norve'gica (Gunn. fl. norv. 2. no. 1100. t. 9. f. 7-9. 410 CARVOPIlVLLEyE. XXXIl. Aresaria. ex Horn. ft. dan. t. 1 2G9.) ])lant !;labrous ; stems ti-retc, pro- cunroeiit, l-2-Ho\vcrc-(l ; leaves spatulate, fjlabrous ; Howers terminal, rather globose ; sepals ovate, obtuse, hardly nerved, with the margins rather membranaceous, etpial in length with the corolla ; capsule ovate-globose, of (> valves at the apex, hardly exceeding tlie calyx. li.II. Native of Norway. Petals white. Norwegian Sandwort. Fl. June, July. PI. \ foot. \'2'l A. tkine'uvia (Lin. s];ec. 605.') stem slender, branched; leaves ovate, acute, 3-ncrved, stalked, ciliated ; peduncles long, becoming deflcxed after flowering ; sepals lanceolate, acute, obscurely 3-nerved, with a rough keel and inenibra- naceous margins, much longer than the corolla ; capsules ovate, of 6 valves, equal in length to the calyx ; seeds kidney-shaped, black, and smooth. ©. H. Native of most parts of Europe in shady bushy places, where the soil is rather moist. Smith, engl. bo't. t. I'jS.'J. Curt. lond. fasc. 4. t. 31. Fl. dan. t. 429. I'etals white. Habit of y/ /sine media. T/iree-iicr':cd-]e!ive<\ Sandwort. Fl. May, June. Britain. I'l. i to 1 foot. 123 A. mika'lis (Sieb. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 397 ) plant clothed with glandular pubescence ; leaves spatulate, acutish, rather fleshy ; stem inuch branched ; flowers racemose ; petals emarginate, equal with the acute sepals. O ? H. Native of Candia. Petals white. JVall .Sandwort. PI. A foot. 124 A. oxyte'tai-a (Smith, fl. grace, t. 437.) hairy; stem slender, erect, branched; leaves ovate, acute, stalked, 1-nerved; peduncles terminal, ])anicled, dichotomous ; calyx hairy, obso- letely 5-nerved ; petals acuminated. ©. H. Native of Greece. Plant verv like conmion Cliic/niied, but erect. Flowers white. Sliarp-pcldllcd Sandwort. PI. \ to A foot. 125 A. imbell.Vta (Sol. in Kuss. allepo, ed. 2. p. 252.) stems ascending, leafy, jointed, smooth ; leaves obovate, ciliated ; flowers umliellate ; petals rather torn. ©. H. Native of Asia Minor. Smith, fl. grac. t. 439. Plant glaucous. Habit of Holustcum niiiliclla.'tiiii. I'kiwers white. L'mbellalc-ttowcvcil Sandwort. PI. 2 to 3 inches. 126 A. lateriflora (Lin. spec. 605.) stem slender, branch- ed ; leaves broad-ovate, obtuse, ciliated, nerved ; peduncles lateral, long, 1-2-flowered; sepals ovate, obtuse; petals twice as long as tiie sepals; capsides ovate, obtuse, twice as long as the calyx (of 3-6 valves?) valves obtuse. li.'iH. Native of the islands of Kamtschatka and St. Lawrence. Hook, fl. bor. amer. t. 31. Similar to /I. trinervia, but very distinct. Petals white. Lalerat-Jloiirred Sandwort. PI. -j to ^ foot. 127 A. cekastiiiolia (Uam. in D. C. fl. fr. 1. p. 783.) plant tufted, rather woody, branciied ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 3- ncrved, pubescent ; ])ediMicles terininal, 1 -flowered, clothed with glandular hairs ; sejials lanceolate, bluntish, nerved, sliorter than the corolla ; capsules ovate, of 3-valves, hardly exceeding the calyx in length ; valves eallose at the apex. ■}/ . H. Native of the Pyrenees in the chinks of rocks. A. Hamoiidi, Poir. suppl. 5. p. 3. Flowers white. C hickn'ccd-lihc Sandwort. PI. \ foot. 128 A. macropiiy'lla (Hook, fl. bor. .amer. t. 87.) smooth; leaves lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, tapering to both ends ; peduncles lateral, 2-3-flowered ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acu- minated ; petals oblong, obtuse, much shorter than the sepals ; capsule 6-valved at the apex ; valves obtuse ; stem erect, terete. 1/ . H. Native of North America on the western coast. Flowers white. Long-leaved Sandwort. PI. -j foot. 129 A. calyca'ntiia (Ledeb. ex Fisch. in litt. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 412.) leaves oblong, acute, sessile, hardly ciliated at the base ; flowers nodding ; sepals oblong, acute, with membra- nac.'Ous margins ; petals perhaps alw;iys wanting ; stamens longer than the c.ilyx. ©. H. Native of Eastern Siberia. Cali/x-Jlon-ered Sandwort. PI. \ foot. 130 A. KOTisDiFOLiA (Bieb. fl. laur. 1. p. 343.) leaves orbi- cular, hardly ciliated at the l)ase ; stems filiform, j)rocumbenf ; ))edimclcs lateral, 2-leaved, somewhat dichotomous ; sepals lanceolate, acute, with membranaceous margins ; ])etals obovute, length of calyx. IJ. . H. Native on the Alps of Caucasus. Round-leaved Sandwort. Fl. March, Aug. PI. ■{ foot. 131 A.Balea'rica (Lin. syst. nat. ed. 12. app. 230.) plant tufted, creeping ; leaves ovate, shining, rather fleshy, ciliated; peduncles elongated, 1 -flowered; flowers drooping ; sepals ovate, bluntish, nerveless, much shorter than the corolla ; capsules ovate, of 6 valves, hardly exceeding the calyx in length. %. H. Native of Corsica and the Balearic islands. Llicr. stirp. 1. t. 15. A. nmscosa. Medic, act. pal. 3. p. 202. t. 12. A pretty little ttifted jilant, with white flowers. /Jn/cnru- .Sandwort. Fl. March, Aug. CIt. 1 787. PI. -J to ^ ft. I.'i2 A. BiFi.oRA (Lin. mant. 71.) leaves ovate-roundish, glabrous, rather imbricated ; stems procumbent, very much branched; peduncles lateral, 2-flowered; flower-l)uds roimdish; sepals ovate, obtuse, shorter than the corolla ; capsules ovate, of 3 valves, length of calyx; valves eallose at the apex. y.. H. Native of the south of Europe on the highest Alps, near the liinits of perpetual snow. All. ped. no. 1699. t. 44. f. 1. et t. 64. f. 3. good. Jacq icon. rar. t. 83. Flowers white. J'nr. li, apctala (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 782. ~) leaves imbricate, ciliated; flowers apetalous. A. apetala, \'ill. daupli. p. 022. t. 48. Tno-Jlonercd Sandwort. PI. -| foot. 133 A. ? .muscoi'des (H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 32.) plant creeping, glabrous ; leaves small, rather imbricate, linear-lanceolate, nerveless, acutish, rather fleshy ; petals hardly the length of the sepals ; capsules containing few-seeds ; seeds snioothish. %. F. Native of South America on the summit of mount Antisana, at the height of 6900 feet. A. nana, Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. ni;ig. 1816. p. 201. Seeds very minute, rather lenticidar. Petals white. ]\[nss-tike Sandwort. PI. creeping. 134 A. tetraVivna (^Villd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 181G. p. 201.) plant nuuli liranched, creeping, glabrous ; leaves approximate, oblong-lanceolate, acutish, obsoletely 1-nerved, rather fleshy, and ciliated towards the base ; corolla exceeding the calyx in length ; styles for the most part 4 ; capsides of 4 valves, containing 8 or 10 seeds ; seed tubercled. 0. H. Native of South America on Moimt Antisana, at the height of G300 to 6600 feet. H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 30. Flowers white. Fiiur-slyled Sandwort. PI. creejjing. 135 A. nuYoi'iM;s(NVilld. iierb. ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 201.) ])lant tufted, glabrous ; leaves small, imbricate, in 4 rows, ovate, obtuse, concave, nerveless, thick, ciliated ; pet;ds shorter than the sepals ; capsides containing only 1 or 2 seeds. 11 . V. Native of America in very cold places on Mount Tolucca in Mexico, at the height of 5700 feet. H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 33. Petals white. linjum-like Sandwort. PI. ^ foot. 136 A. dicranoi'des (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec, amer. 6. p. 34.) plant tufted, glabrous ; leaves imbricated in 4 rows, ovate-lanceolate, acute, concave, 1-nerved, ciliated ; flowers terminal, solitary, sessile, with 2 styles. % . F. Native of South America on Mount Antisana, at the height of 6300 feet. Lobelia bryoides, Willd. herb. mss. ex Schlecht. in lloem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 41. Fruit unknown. Flowers white. Z>)crnHHHi-/iA't' Sandwort. PI. , foot. CARYOPHYLLEiE. XXXII. Arenakia. XXXIII. Merckia. XXXIV. Cerastium. 441 137 A. Salzma'nni (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. app. ISl.) stem much bianclied, flaccid, villous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, hispidly-ciliated ; panicle dichotonious ; sepals .'J-nerved, with scarious margins, shorter than the corolla, but longer than the sub-globose capsule. l/.H. Native of Sicily. Salzmami's Sandwort. PI. :f to 4 foot. 1;J8 A. spatula'ta (Desf. atl. 1. p. 358.) plant pubescent ; leaves spatulate, ciliated at the base ; stein erect, filiform, branched ; flowers panicled, diciiotomous ; sepals oblong, pu- bescent, with membranaceous margins, much shorter than the corolla ; capsules ovate, equal in length to the calyx (of 5 valves?) valves callose at the apex. 0. H. Native of Barbary in sand near Algiers. A. cerastioides, Poir. diet. 6. p. 363. but not of D. C. nor Lapeyr. Anthers blue. Petals white, slightly emarginate, obovate. tSj>atulate-\ea\ed Sandwort. PI. ^ foot. 139 A. procu'mbens (Valil. symb. 1. p. 50. t. 33.) plant pubescent ; leaves linear-lanceolate and elliptic ; stems pros- trate ; peduncles elongated, panicled ; sepals lanceolate, bluntish, with membranaceous margins, a little longer than the corolla ; capsule (of 5 valves ?) equal in length w ith the calyx ; seeds very small. 1/. H. Native of Tunis, Egypt, and Naples among rubbish. A. herniariaefolia, Desf. atl. 1. p. 358. A. geniculata, Poir. diet. 6. p. 365. A. rosea, Presl. ex Spreng. Petals red and white. Prociimhent Sandwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1801. PI. -^ ft. 140 A. Jussie'/E (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 174.) leaves lanceolate, acute, scabrous ; flowers solitary, on long peduncles ; sepals keeled, acute with membranous margins, scabrous ; petals a little shorter than the capsule, but a little longer than the calyx. % . F. Native of Brazil. Plant decumbent, 2 feet long. Cap- sule 3-valved. Jussieu's Sand-wort, Fl. March. PI. decumbent. t Species not sufficiently known, but evidently all belonging to the last division of the genus. 141 A. RosVni (Ten. prod. p. 26. and cat. 1819. p. 43.) leaves linear-lanceolate, mucronate, hairy, striated ; stem erect, hairy, generally 3-flowered ; petals obovate, twice the length of the striped calyx. l/.H. Native of Lucania. Petals white. Ros(i7ii'.\ Sandwort. PI. 1^ inch. 142 A. Bartolo'tti (Tineo. pi. rar. sic. pug. 1. p. 10.) leaves lanceolate, almost glabrous; stem decumbent, panicled, diciio- tomous, 2-edged ; panicle pubescent ; petals ovate, almost equal in length with the calyx ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, with membranaceous margins. 1/ ! H. Native of Sicily by the sea-side near Gela. Petals white ? Bartolotti's Sandwort. PI. ~ foot. 143 A. molluginifo'lia (Pour. exSchlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 201.) leaves obovate, acute; peduncles bifid, drooping. ?;? H. Native of Spain. Mollugo-lcaved Sandwort. PI. \ foot. 144 A. seri'cea (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. I. p. 414.) leaves silky, lanceolate, ciliated; stem erect; branches 1 -flowered; corolla shorter than the calyx. 1(:?H. Native of Siberia. A. purpurea, Willd. herb. exSchlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 211. Petals purple ? 6'///,i/-leaved Sandwort. PI. -| ? 145 A. clandesti~na (Portenschlag. pi. dalm. t. 1. ined.) leaves linear-lanceolate, acute ; stem simple, 1 -flowered ; flower large, nodding ; peduncles short ; sepals oblong, obtuse, 5- times shorter than the corolla : petals very long and very narrow, linear, acute ; stamens or 5 small egg-shaped little bodies seated between the ovary and the petals ; ovary oblong ; styles 3 ; stigmas forked. Xl ©. H. Native of Dalmatla. Perhaps a proper genus. Perhaps the same as A. cabjchia. VOL. I. PART V. Clandestine Sandwort. PI. \ foot. 146 A. ? stellarioi'des (Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 209.) leaves ciliary-serrulated; stems pubescent, somewhat panicled ; sepals lanceolate, longer than the corolla. Native of Caucasus. Stitchwort-likc .Sandwort. PI. ^ foot. 147 A. AFifNis (Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl, mag. ISKi. p. 1 98.) leaves oblong, acute, stalked ; upper ones sessile ; corolla shorter than the calyx. Native of Siberia. y^//;er/ Sandwort. PI. \ foot. Cult. Arcnaria is a genus of dwarf herbaceous plants, for the most part perennial, the most of which are well adapted for ornamenting rock-work, but some of the rarer species should be grown in small pots well drained with potsherds, in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat, and placed among other alpine plants. Those species marked frame only require to be sheltered during frost. The perennial species may be either increased by divid- ing the plants at the root, by seeds, or cuttings planted under a hand-glass will root freely. The annual kinds are not so shewy as the perennials, therefore they are not worth cultivating, except in botanical gardens ; they may be either sown on the rock-work or in the annual arrangement. XXXIII. ME'RCKIA (in honour of Dr. Merk, who tra- velled in Eastern Asia). Cham, in Schlecht. Linnaea. vol. 2. Lin. syst. Pentandria, Trigynia. Calyx 5-parted. Pe- tals 5, unguiculate, entire. Stamens 5, alternating with the sepals ; filaments filiform ; anthers fixed by the middle, some- what globose. Styles 3. Capsule sessile, inflated, depressedly- globose, furrowed, imperfectly 3-celled, 3-valved, with the dissepiments 2-parted, beariqg the seeds. Seeds numerous, or few, pear-shaped. Embryo hooked with the radical towards the hilum. Herbs with creeping roots, and fleshy, opposite leaves on short footstalks. Flowers stalked, terminal, and la- teral, solitary. 1 M. physo'des (Fisch. in litt. ex Cham. 1. c.) tufted ; leaves ovate, acute, ciliated, distant, thin ; peduncles long ; sepals lan- ceolate, acutish, equal in length to the corolla ; seeds small, pear-shaped. T^.H. Native of Kamtschatka and in Esclisclioltz Bay in the sea-sand. Arenaria physodes, D. C. prod. 1. p. 413. Flowers white. Seeds numerous. i?/o(/rfery-capsuled Merkia. PI. creeping. 2 M. PEPLoi DEs ; leaves ovate, acute, fleshy, approximate, ciliated at the base ; peduncles short ; sepals oblong, acutish, equal in length to the corolla ; seeds tew, large, pear-shaped. 1/ . H. Native throughout northern Europe in the sea-sand ; plentiful in Britain. Arenaria peploides, Lin. spec. 605. Smith, engl. bot. t. 189. Fl. dan. 189. Honkenya peploides, Erhr. beit. 2. p. 181. Flowers red. Capsule roundish, equalling the calyx. The plant is fermented and used by the Icelanders for food. PepUs-Uke Merckia. Fl. June, Aug. Brit. PI. creeping. Cult. These plants will grow in any common garden-soil, and are easily increased by dividing the plants at the root. XXXIV. CERA'STIUM (from «pae /.tparoc, keras keraios, a horn ; because many of the species have capsules exactly of the form of an ox's horn). Lin. gen. no. 797. Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 231. 1. 130. f. 6. D. C. prod. 1. p. 414. LiN. SYST, Decandria, Pentagijnia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, bifid. Stamens 10. Styles 5. Capsules 1-celled, cylin- drical or globose, opening at the apex by 10 circinnate or ascending teeth. Flowers of all white. Sect. 1. Stre'piiodon (irrpf^oj, slrepho, to turn, and ocove ocoi'Tor. odous odontos, a tooth; in allusion to the revolute teeth 3 L U2 CARYOPHYLLE^. XXXIV. Ckrastiim. of the capsule). Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. tl*. Capsules cylindrical, with circinnate or revolute teeth. 1 C. pauciflo'rum (Stev. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 414.) plant ])ilose ; leaves lanceolate, acute ^ flowers few, on long (licliotonious peduncles, noddinpl. no. 884. — Vaill. par. 1. t. 30. f. 3. C. bar- bulatum, Wahl. fl. carp. no. 446. C. rotundifolium, Sternb. et Ho|)p. in mem. soc. ratish. 1818. p. 1 13. ex Bieb. 1. c. I'ar. li, glomeratum { I). C. fl. fr. 4. p. 770.) leaves very 1 CARYOrHYLLE/E. XXXIV. Ceuastium. 443 blunt; flowers iimbellately glomerate. C. ovale, Pers. encli. 1. p. 521. I ar. y, Amerkamim (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 416.) stem very short, few-flowered ; leaves imbricate. C. pilmilum, Rafin. in litt. but not of Curt. lond. C. semidecandrum of American, authors. ©. H. Native of North x\merica on dry, barren, and sunny hills ; frequent in Pennsylvania and Virginia. I'ar. c, tenellum i^Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 416.) plant very minute, filiform; stems 1-2-flowered. ©. H. Native about Geneva in sandy places. C. tenellum. Gaud. fl. helv. mss. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. April, July. Britain. PI. I to I foot. 15 C. viscosuM (Lin. spec. 627.) plant hairy and clammy, dark-green ; stems recumbent ; leaves lanceolate-oblong ; flowers dichotomously-umbellate ; peduncles and petals equal in length with the calyx ; capsules rather pendulous, terete, twice the length of the calyx. %. U. Native of most parts of Europe in meadows, pastures, waste ground and on walls ; very common also in North America from Canada to Carolina (Pursh). Plen- tiful in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 790. C. vulgiitum, Huds. 200. Bieb. fl. taur. and suppl. no. 883. Curt. lond. fasc. 2. t. 34. C. sylvaticum, Schleich. exsic. C. obsciirum, Chaub. in St. Amans. fl. agen. p. 180. bouq. t. 4. f. 1. Clammy Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, Sept. Britain. PI. recumbent. 16 C. holosteoi'des (Fries, nov. fl. succ. III.) stem pubes- cent on one side ; peduncles pilose ; leaves oblong, glabrous ; petals shorter than the calyx ; margins of calyx scariose. %. H. Native of Sweden. Horn. hort. liafn. suppl. p. 138. Holosteum-Uke House-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. PI. ^ foot. 17 C. STRiGo'suM (Fries, nov. fl. succ. III.) stem erect; leaves oblong, obtuse, strigose ; flowers somewhat capitate ; sepals lanceolate, hispid, greatly exceeding the petals in length. 1/ ? H. Native of Sweden. Strigose Mouse-ear Chickweed. PI. ^ to i foot. ISC. PELLu'ciDUM (Chaubard, in St. Amans. fl. agen. p. 181.) bouq. t. 4. f. 2.) plant villous and clammy ; stems erect ; leaves ovate- roundish ; peduncles 3 or 4 times longer than the calyx; bracteas of the universal forks rather membranaceous, pellucid ; petals longer than the calyx. ©. H. Native of sandy places towards Agen. Perhaps only a variety of C. semidecandrum. Flowers pentandrous. Pe//«e;(i-leaved Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. April, May. PI. \ foot. 19 C. semideca'ndrum (Lin. spec. 627.) plant hairy, viscid; stems erect ; leaves ovate-lanceolate ; flowers pentandrous, di- chotomously-umbellate ; peduncles longer than the calyx ; petals slightly cloven ; capsules terete, deflexed after flowering, twice the length of the calyx. ©. H. Native of most parts of Europe in waste and sandy ground ; also on walls in the out- skirts of towns or villages, very frequent. Plentiful in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1630. Curt. lond. fasc. 2. t. 33.— Vaill. bot. par. t. 30. f. 2. Var. fl, pumilum (Curt. lond. fasc. 6. t. 30.) petals cloven a third of their length. ©. H. On dry banks near Croydon, •Surrey. f'ar. y, ahinoides (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 776.) calycine lobes scariose on the margins and apices. C. alsinoides, Pers. ench. 1. p. 521. ©. H. Native about Montpelier. Semidecandrous Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. March, April. Britain. PI. ^ foot. 20 C. pekta'ndrlm (Lin. spec. 627.) plant procumbent, and rather clammy ; radical leaves spatulate ; cauline ones oval- orbicular ; segments of calyx acuminated, longer than the slightly cloven petals; capsules shorter than the pedicels. ©. H. Native of .Spain and Tauria among rubbish. Bieb. fl. taur. 1 ■ p. 359. su])pl. ]). 319. Perhaps a mere variety of the last. Pentandrous Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. April, May. Cit. 1821. PI. I foot. 21 C. ANDRo'sACEUM (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 416.) plant very small, and very hairy ; leaves ovate ; stem dichoto- ninus ; flowers rather capitate in threes on stalks, involucrate at the base ; segments of calyx narrow, very acute. ©. H. Native about Constantinople. C. pilosum, Castagne in litt. but not of Horn, nor Ledeb. Habit of Androsace villdsa. Androsace-like Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. April, May. PI. ■J foot. 22 C. gra'cile (Duf. in ann. gen. sc. ph. 7. p. 304.) plant erect, slender, dichotomous, clothed with clammy pubescence ; lower leaves ovate, stalked, upper ones ovate-lanceolate, sessile ; flowers solitary, distant ; peduncles hardly longer than the flowers, fruit-bearing ones deflexed ; corolla length of calyx ; capsules ])rotruding, oblong; stamens either 5 or 10. ©. H. Native of Spain on rocks at a place called La Sierra de Vernisa, near St. Pliilip. Very like C. pentdndrmn or C. semidecandrum. Slender Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. PI. >. foot. 23 C. brachype'talum (Desp. in Pers. ench. 1. p. 520.) stem erect, tomentose, dichotomous ; leaves ovate ; flowers panicled ; peduncles longer than the flowers ; calyx villous, longer than the petals ; capsules hardly exceeding the length of the calyx. ©. H. Native of Europe among rubbish. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 777. icon. pi. gall. t. 44. C. canescens, Horn, ex Spreng. in herb. Balb. Stems and leaves very hairy. Short-'petulled Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1816. PI. i to I foot. 24 C. spatula'tum (Pers. ench. 1. p. 520.) stem simple, rather villous ; leaves hairy, lower ones obovately- spatulate, stalked, cauline ones somewhat ovate, sessile ; flowers glomerate. ©. H, Native of Jamaica. Capsules a little longer than the calyx. Spatulatc-\ea.\'3%. Curt. fl. loud. fasc. 1. t. 54. The general appearance of this i)laiit much resembles Slclltir'ia m'nnnum. Petals white, icjual with the calyx. 'I'his j)hint is said by M. Sering to be the Larlnld ii'imilica of St. Hilaire, but that is a truly distinct plant with perigynous stamens belonging to Punmijch'iew. Il'alcr Mouse-ear duckweed. Fl. July. Britain. PI. de- cumbent. 32 S. TE*NUE (Viv. app. fl. cors. in Schlecht. Linnaja. 1. p. .'501.) smooth, erect ; leaves linear-lanceolate; peduncles elon- gated ; sepals 3-nerved, with membranous margins, nearly twice the length of the corolla; capside oblong. ©. H. Native of Corsica. Lo7v Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ foot. 33 S. heterophy'llum (Viv. app. fl. cors. in Schlecht. Lin- ii.xa. 1. p. 501.) leaves smoothish, lower ones ovate, upper ones linear ; calyx hairy, equalling the corolla in lenj,th ; capsule round. 0. H. Native of Corsica. rariaiie-Zcat'eti Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. Ju. Jul. PI. ^ ft. § 2. Petals exceeding the ealij.r in leii^lli. • Capsules equal in length with the ealyj:, or shorter. 34 C. Ma'nticum (Lin. spec. G29.) plant very smooth ; leaves lanceolate-linear ; stem straight, dichotomous ; ])eduncles very long ; sepals and bracteas lanceolate, acute, with membranaceous margins, shorter than the corolla , capsules ovate, almost equal in length to the calyx. 0. II. Native of Italy and Hungary on the mountains. Walds. and Kit. hung. 1. p. "JO. t. 9G. StelWiria MAntica, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 794. Manlie Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. CIt. 1801. PI. ■, to 1 foot. 3.5 C. rupe'stke (Fiscb. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 417.) plant rather pilose ; stems prostrate, branched ; leaves ovate-linear ; llowors dichotomous, with a solitary flower in each fork on a long peduncle ; sepals ovate, obtuse, with membranaceous mar- gins ; petals cloven, much longer than the calyx ; cajisules egg- shaped, almost ('([ual ill leiigih to the calyx. l/.II. Native oi' the alps of Siberia in bogs overflowed by the melting of the snow above a place called Tscliala. Rock Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, Jidy. CIt. 1820. PI. prostrate. 3C C. FONT.\NUM (Baunig. fl. trans, ex Spreng. syst. 2 p. 410.) stem creeping, somewhat tetragonal, hairy; leaves ])ilose, radical ones spatulate, cauline ones ovate; flowers panicled ; petals shorter than the calyx ; capsule ovate-globose. 1/ . H. Native of Transylvania. Fountain Mouse-ear Chickweed. PI. creeping. 37 C. cilia'tim (Kit. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 417.) stem straight ; leaves linear, in fascicles, scabrous above, but rcvolute and smooth beneath ; peduncles terminal, elongated, corymbose ; petals bifid, much longer than the obtuse sepals. 11. \\. Native of Croatia on the Matra mountains. C. .Matrense, Kit. in Spreng. jil. min. cogn. 1. p. 33. Panicle terminal, leafy. C/Via/crf Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl.Ju.Jul. Cll. 1817. Pl.^ft. 38 C. elonca'tum (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 321. but not of Bieb.) plant hairy ; leaves linear, longer than the internodes, divaricating ; peduncles terminal, elongated, di-trichotomous ; bracteas ovate ; petals emarginate, twice the length of the acute sepals; capsules .somewhat globose. '2^.11. Native of North America on the plains of the Columbia river. Elongated-\ici\\mc\eil Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. Apr. May. 39 C. DEFLi/xLM (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 117.) plant downy; stem tall, dichotomous, panicled; leaves ovate-lanceo- late, waved ; flowers erect, small ; petals exceeding the calyx ; capsule-bearing peduncles deflexed ; capsules hardly ecpialling the calyx in length. % I II. Native of the north of Persia. Z)<;^fxe(/-peduncled Mouse-car Chickweed. Fl. May, July. PI. 1 foot. 40 C. TENUiFOLiUM (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 321.) plant tufted, clothed with very fine pubescence; leaves narrow, linear, longer than the internodes ; flowers on long peduncles ; petals obovate, emarginate, almost three times the length of the acute sepals. %. II. Native of North .\merica on the banks of the Schuylkill and Delaware, Pennsylvania. Very like C. nrvensc. Fine-lcavcd Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, Ju. PI. \ foot. 41 C. FLKCATUM (Cham, in Schlecht. Liiin;ca. 1. p. 01.) pu- bescent, glandular above ; stem nearly simple ; leaves broad, lanceolate, acute, hairy ; flowers dichotomously-panicled ; se]ials obtuse ; petals twice the length of the sepals ; capsule shorter than the calyx. ©. H. Native of Siberia. /oc/rt'(/- stemmed Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ to 1 foot. 42 C. campanula'tum (Viv. annal. hot. 1. p. 2. p. 171. t. 1.) plant ascending, diftuse, villous ; radical leaves spatulate ; cauline ones oblong ; panicle dichotomous ; corollas canipanulate ; petals semibifid, twice as long as the calyx ; cajisules ovoid, eipial in length with the calyx. 0. H. Native about Uome. Sebas. rom. pi. fasc. 2. p. 12. t. 3. f. 1. C. Ligi'isticum, Viv. cat. hort. Dincgro. C. prai'cox. Ten. fl. neap. 1. p. 27. CflW(y)nHi(/(j/(-flowered Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. April, May. CIt. 1824. PI. ^ foot. 43 C. isca'num (Ledeb. mem. acad. scienc. potz. 5. p. 514.) plant erect, hoary, pubescent ; leaves oblong-linear, acute, clothed with very short, a)i]iressed hairs ; peduncles trichoto- mous ; se)ials with membranaceous margins ; petals spatulate, semibifid at the apex, twice the length of the calyx ; capsules globose, inclosed in the calyx. ^.11. Native of the south of Siberia. //on ry Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ to J ft. 44 C. GRANDIFI.O RUM (NYalilst. It Kit. pi. bung. 2. t. I(i8.) stems creeping ; leaves linear, acule, with somewhat revolute margins, hoary, tomeiitose ; flowers dichotomous ; sepals oblong, scarcely hoary, with scarious margins ; petals twice the length of calyx; capsules oblong. %. H. Native of Hungary and Iberia' on dry hills. West, in flora, 1820. p. 357. C. argon- CARYOl'HYLLE^. XXXIV. Cerastium. 445 tciun, Bieb. fl. taiir. 1. p. 361.suppl. 320. C. incamini, Hofllii. Iiort. iHosc. anil. 1808. ex Bieb. 1. c. Very like C. tomentusum, but (litters in being less boary, and the leaves narrower and more acute, hardly revolute at the margins. drcal-Jioivend Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. Jime, July. Clt. 1818. PI. ^ foot. • * Capsules exceeding the calyx in length. 45 C. TOMENTo'suM (Lin. spec. 629. var. ft.) root creeping; stem diffuse, hoary-tomentose as well as the leaves, which are oblong- spatulate, upper ones lanceolate ; panicle erect, dichoto- mous ; sepals elliptic, lanceolate, hoary-tomentose, with scarious margins ; capsules sub-cylindrical, longer than or equal with the calyx. %. H. Native of the south of Europe on moun- tains in Provence, Greece, &c. In the gardens of France it is called Oreille de souris. Smith, fl. grjec. 455. Col. phytob. ed. 1744. p. 115. t. 31. C. Cohtmna?, Tenor, prod. p. 27. cat. app. p. 44. C. tomentosum, Lam. diet. 1. p. 680. Flowers large. Tumentose Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1648. PI. i foot. 46 C. WiLLDENo'wii (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 29.) stems erect, forked at the apex, and are woolly as well as the leaves, which are ovate-lanceolate and acute ; calyx pubescent ; capsules oblong-cylindrical, many-seeded, rather arched, hardly exceeding the calyx in length ; seeds brown, small. If.. H. Native of Quito in South America. Stellaria mollis, Willd. herb, ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 19G. Flowers about the size of those of C. arvense. JVilldenow' s Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, Jul. PI. \ ft. 47 C. Nipaule'nse ; hairy; lower leaves spatulate, upper ones lanceolate, acute ; flowers terminal, glomerate ; sepals acute, and are as well as the pistils shorter than the corolla ; stem decumbent, branched. %. H. Native of Nipaul at Na- rainhetty. C. grandiflorum, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 216. Stems decumbent, much branched. Flowers large, white. Nipaul iVIouse-ear Chickweed. PI. ^ foot. 48 C. BiEBERSTEfNii (D. C. in mem. soc. pliys. gen. vol. 1.) root creeping ; stem diffuse, wooUy-tomentose as well as the leaves, which are ovate-lanceolate ; peduncles erect, dichotonious ; sepals oblong, tomentose, with scarious margins ; capsules ovate, subcylindrical, longer than the calyx. l^.H. Native of Tauria on the higher mountains. Hook, bot. mag. t. 2702. C. tomento- sum, var. c(, Lin. spec. 629. I C. repens, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 360. suppl. 320. but not of Lin. — Moris, oxon. 2. sect. 5. t. 22. f. 44. >. Dift'ering from C. tomentosum in the leaves being much broader and the flowers and fruit larger. Biebersteins Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. ^ foot. 49 S. Beeringia NUM (Cham, in Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 62.) plant hairy and clammy above ; stems tufted, leafy at the base, erect, elongated above and few-leaved ; leaves oblong-aculish ; flowers at length drooping ; sepals elliptical, acute ; petals and capsules one-half longer than the calyx. %. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Bcering's Mouse-ear Chickweed. PI. 4- to i foot. 50 C. pusi'llum (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod.l. p. 418.) stems erect, generally 2-flowered ; leaves ovate, finely tomentose, sessile ; sepals lanceolate, acute, hairy ; capsules cylindrical, 3-times longer than the calyx, with snicill teeth. ©. H. Native of Siberia. .S'wa// Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. Ju. Clt. 1824. PI. i ft. 51 C. LANA^TiM (Lam. diet. 1. p. 680.) stems prostrate, tufted ; leaves densely woolly, lower ones roundish, upper ones ovate ; flowers dichotonious ; sepals lanceolate, with scariose margins ; capsules ovate-cylindrical, almost double the length of the calyx. %. H. Native of the Alps of Europe. Myosotis lanata, Moench. su])pl. p. 308. C. villosum, Baumg. Var, ft, Thomasiamim (Ser. mss. in 1). C'. prod. 1. p. 418.) stems, leaves, and calyxes glabrous. 2/ . H. Native of the Pyrenees, in a valley called Eynes. Woolly Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. prostrate. 52 C. imbrica'tum (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 28.) plant much branched, creeping ; leaves rather mem- branaceous, imbricated in four rows, rather spatulate-oblong, obtuse, clothed with soft hairs on both surfaces ; capsules oblong- cylindrical, longer than the hairy calyx ; seeds roundish, brown, emarginate at the base, i; . F. Native of South America on the summits of the mountains of Cotopaxi and Antisana, at the height of 5700 to 6600 feet. Flowers about the size of those of C. vulgatum. fmhricated-leavcd Mouse-ear Chickweed. PI. -| foot. 53 C. Fischeria'num (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 419.) plant hairy, rather clammy ; stems prostrate ; leaves ovate, ses- sile, distant ; flowers dichotomously umbellate, on short pedun- cles, with a solitary flower in each fork on a long peduncle ; sepals lanceolate, bluntish, with scariose margins ; petals twice as long as the calyx. J/.. H. Native of Kamtschatka, Una- laschka, and Bebring's Straits. C. liirsutum, Fisch. in litt. but not of Tenore. C. pilosimi, Ledeb. ? Very like C. viscusum, and alpinum. Fischer's Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. PI. pros- trate. 54 C. ALpfNUM (Lin. spec. 628.) root creeping; stems pros- trate ; leaves elliptical, subglabrous, or clothed with white hairs ; panicle dichotonious ; flowers few, on long peduncles ; sepals oblong, recurved, bluntish, with scarious, membranaceous mar- gins ; petals twice as long as the calyx ; capsules oblong, re- curved, almost double the length of the calyx. 1/ . H. Native of the Pyrenees. On the mountains of Scotland and Wales by the sides of alpine rills, plentifully. Smith, engl. bot. t. 472. Fl. d.-m. t. 6. C. Iatif61ium, Lighf. scot. p. 242. t. 10. C. glabri- tuni, Hartm. There is a more hoary variety which has been often taken for C. lali/bliiim of Lin. It is a very polymorphous plant, sometimes green, sometimes hoary. The three following varieties are emnnerated by Mr. Brown. I ar. a ; leaves oblong or rarely short-oval ; peduncles dicho- tonious, rarely 1-flovvered ; hairs on the stems tipped with glands ; capsule oblong, nearly twice the length of the calyx. In Melville Island. Far. ft ; leaves broad, ovate ; peduncles dichotomous ; hairs for the most part acute ; inner leaflets of the calyx smoothish. In Melville Island. Far. y ; hairy; leaves elliptical or lanceolate ; peduncles di- vided ami solitary ; hairs for the most part acute ; capsule a little longer than the calyx. In Melville Island. Alpine Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. i foot, prostrate. 55 C. LiTHospERMiFoLiUM (Fisch. iiiem. soc. mosc. 3. p. 81.) stem branched, spreading ; leaves lanceolate, acute, pubescent ; flowers solitary; petals emarginate, twice as long as the calyx ; sepals elliptical ; ovary globose. l/.H. Native of Siberia. Lithospcrmum-leavedM.o\xse-eax CKxckweed. Fl. June, July. PI. I to i foot. 56 C. ova'tum (Hoppe in Willd. enum. p. 493.) root creep- ing ; plant rather hairy ; stems prostrate ; leaves ovate, acute, glabrous, a little ciliated ; flowers terminal, somewhat corym- bose; petals thrice as long as the calyx; capsules roundish. 2/ . H. Native of the Alps of Carinthia. C. Carinthiacum, 4iG CARYOIMlYLLE.r.. XXXIV. Ceuastum. West. ? C. alpinuin, Hoppc, herb. Viv. Common ptduncles (lichotomous. I'ar. /), fitiforme (.Schleieli. pi. exsic.) stems l-flowered ; pc- (liinclcs elongated, detlexed. C. pcduncul^tum, Gaud, in lilt. 181 1-. I'erliaps a proper species. Ocn^c-leaved Mouse-ear Cliickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 18I(i. PI. ^ foot. '>7 C. LATIFOLIUM (Lin. spec. G29.) plant liairy, rather viscid ; stems prostrate, 1, rarely 3-Ho\vered ; flowers terminal ; pedun- cles longer than the flowers ; leaves ovate ; sepals ovate, w ith scarious margins ; petals twice the length of the calyx ; capsules ovate, turgid, protruding beyond the calyx. T/.H- Native of the Alps of .Switzerland, France, and Austria. On the Welsh and Scottish mountains. Smith, engl. hot. t. t73. Jacii. coll. 1. p. 25G. t. M. C. tomentosum, Huds. ed. 1. p. 17G. The whole plant is clothed with tawny rigid hairs. Jiroad-lcaccd Mouse-ear Cliickweed. Fl. Jime, July. Bri- tain. PI. procmnbeiit. .IS C. GLAciOi-i; (Gaiul. in litt. 181 t. D. C. prod. 1. p. tl9.) plant clothed with very clammy hairs ; stems tufted, dense, 1- flowered ; peduncles length of the flowers ; leaves elliptical or ovate ; sepals ovate, with rather scarious margins ; petals twice as long as the calyx, i;.!!. Native of Switzerland on tlie highest Alps near the limits of perpetual snow. C. uniflorum, Tliom. dried ])lants. Perhaps onlv a variety of C. latij'olium. ley Mouse-ear Cliickweed. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819. PI. | ft. 59 C. sylva'ticim (Walds. et Kit.pl. hung. 1. p. 100. t. 97.) plant diffuse, creeping ; stems dichotomously panicled ; lower leaves ovate, the rest oblong-lanceolate ; flowers erect on long peduncles; petals semibifid, twice the length of the ovate-lan- ceolate sepals; capsules much longer than the calyx. H. H. Native of Hungary and Naples in woody valleys, and probably in .Siberia. C. Sibiricum, Stev. in litt. The Hungarian plant is said to be a perennial while the Ncajiolilan one is annual. ;r,W Mouse-ear Cliickweed. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. IS-iO. PI. J ft. (iO C. i.iTiGi6suM (Lois. not. ajoiit. 1 vol. 8vo.) hairy, very clammy, dark-green ; stem ascending, much branched ; leaves small, ovate, acute ; flowers loosely-panieled ; peduncles longer than the calyx; petals bifid, exceeding the calyx; stamens 10; styles 5, long ; capsule exserted ; seed hardly tuberculated. It ? H. Native of France in the Hois de Bologne in arid dry places. Flowers white. /J<(^r/oi(4- Mouse-ear Cliickweed. Fl. May, June. PI. ^ foot. t)l C-. aiive'nse (Lin. spec. (i2S.) stem declinate ; leaves linear-lanceolate, bluntish, rather pilose at the base ; flowers dicholomously-jianicled ; Jieduncles clothed with deflexed j>u- bescencc ; petals twice the length of the obtuse sepals ; capsules oblong-cylindrical, shorter than the calyx. 1/. H. Native ihrouglioiit I'.uropc in fields, and on banks and hillocks on a gravelly or chalky soil, as well as on dry hills and rocks in Pennsylvania, according to Pursli. Smith, engl. bot. t. 93. Curt. lond. fasc. G. t. 29. Fl. dan. t. (!29. — Vaill. bot. par. t. 30. f. 4, 5. C. repens, Lin. spec. C^8 ? Hoots creeping. Corn-fcld Cliickweed. Fl. May, Aug. Britain. PI. ^ to 1 ft. 62 C. sTi(i'cTi;.M (Lin. sjiec. ()i9 ? 1). C. fl. fr. r>. p. 610.) steins declinate ; leaves almost linear, acuminated, glabrous or rather hairy ; peduncles clothed with glandular hairs ; jietals twice the length of the calyx ; capsules oblong. %. H. Native of F.urope on the Alps. Perhaps only a variety of C arvense. Hoot creeping. I'ar. a, siiffiuticbsum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 419.) leaves very narrow, smoothish. C. sufl'ruticosum, Lin. spec. 029. C. lari- cifoliinu, Vill. delph. 4. p. 644. Vur. /j, mollc {\i. C. 1. c.) leaves very narrow, hairy. C. molle, Vill. delph. 3. p. C44. Var. y, imciirc (D. C. 1. c.) leaves linear-lanceolate, elon- gated, acuminated, glabrous. C. lineare. All. jied. 2. p. 365. t. 88. f. 4. far. f, commune (D. C. 1. c.) leaves linear, bluntish. C. strictum, Lin. spec. 629 ? Centiinculus angustifolius. Scop. earn. 1. t. 19. C. anibiguum, Fisch. in litt. Straight Mouse-ear Chickwced. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1793. PI. A foot. 63 C. Dioi'cuM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 120. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 137.) plant hairy and viscid; leaves lanceolate; flowers dioecious ; petals 3 times longer than the calyx, 7^. H. Native of Spain. Z)/ocr(OMi-flowered Mouse-ear Cliickweed. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1766. PI. i to 1 foot. 64 C. Pennsvlv.\'nicum (Horn. hort. hafn. p. 435.) stems prostrate, and are as well as linear-lanceolate leaves pubescent ; corolla twice the length of the calyx ; panicle dichotomous ; flowers on very long peduncles. 1/. H. Native of Pennsyl- vania on dry hills and rocks. Roots creeping. C. arvense, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 321 ? Very like C. arvense, but diflering in the petals being narrower and the capsules globose. Perhaps onlv a variety of C. strietum. Pcnnsyhnnian Cliickweed. FI.Ju. July. Clt. 1810. PI. Ij ft. 65 C. Colsma'nni (Lehm. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 418.) stem straight ; leaves in fascicled whorls, reflexed, oblong-linear, smoothish ; peduncles terminal, subcorymbosc ; petals entire, thrice the length of the bluntish sepals. %. H. Native of the Straits of Alagellan. Perhaps a species of Spergiilciria. Colstiiaiin's Mouse-ear Cliickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. PI l foot. 66 C. nu'tans (Rafin. prec. p. 30.) stem erect, clothed with clajumy pubescence ; leaves linear-oblong, acute ; flowers rather umbellate, on long peduncles ; petals exceeding the calyx in length ; capsules nodding, twice the length of the calyx. ©. H. Native of Pennsylvania. C. longipedunculiituni, Muhl. cat. 1813. C. glutinosum, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 291. but not of H. B. et Kunth. Radical leaves spatulate, upper ones stem-clasping. AW(//n5--capsuled Mouse-ear Chickwced. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 67 C. Ledeboubia'num (Ser. mss. in D.C. prod. l.p. 420.) stem erect, pilose ; leaves oblong, obtuse, under surface glau- cous ; flowers 2-3, erect, nodding after flowering ; pet.als 3- times longer than the calyx ; sepals obtuse, with membrana- ceous margins ; capsules oblong, longer than the calyx. 7/. H. Native of Siberia. C. pilosuni, Ledeb. acad. scienc. petersb. 5. ]i. 514. no. 26. but not of Horn. Ledcbour's Mouse-ear Cliickweed. Fl. June, July. PI. \ ft. 68 C. Fii.iFoitME (Vest, in fl. 1820. p. 353.) stems tufted; leaves filiform, trigonal, fleshy; sepals lanceolate ; jietals twice the length of the calyx ; capsules oblong, exceeding the calyx in length. %.\\. Native of Upjier Styria. Panicle dichoto- mous. Pedicels about eipial in length to the calyx. /'//;7l)rw -leaved Cliickweed. Fl. June, July. PI. | foot. 69 C. Bi'oiDUM (Ledeb. mem. acad. petersb. 5. p. 514. no. 25.) ))lant hairy; stem erect, very sinijile at the base, but forked at the apex ; leaves oblong, acute ; |)ediincles elongated ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; petals bilid, longer than the calyx; capsules oblong, shining, twice as long as the calyx. % . H. Native of Siberia. The whole plant is clothed with stiff spread- ing hairs. Stems straight, stifl", t.all. rar.fi, Chamis.tuui (See Cham, in Schleclit. Linnaca 1. p. 61.) leaves narrower and acute. All parts of the plant smaller. 1/. H. Native of the island of Unalasclika. .S7///'- stemnied Mouse-ear Chickwced. Fl. June, July. PI. 2 feet. CARYOPHYLLEiE. XXXIV. Cerastium. XXXV. Braciiystemma. XXXVI. Ciierleria. 447 70 C. GLUTiNosuM (H. B. et Kuntli, gen. et spec. amer. 0. p. 29.) plant villous, clammy, tawny ; stems ascending, diclio- tomonsly branched at tlie apex ; leaves lanceolate, narrow, acnte ; capsules cylindrical, ratlier arched, twice the length of the calyx; seeds rough, brown. 'H..H. Native of New Granada. Petals 2-lobed. Clammy Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. PI. \ foot. 71 C. rivulare (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. IGG.) puberulous ; stem trailing ; leaves obovate-oblong, tapering at the base, mu- cronnlate ; flowers loosely cymose, on long pedicels ; petals 3- times longer than the calyx. ©. H. Native of Brazil in the province of Cis-platine in rivulets. Plant 1 foot long. Capsule sub-cylindrical, twice the length of the calyx. Rivulet Mouse-ear Ciiickweed. PI. trailing. 72 C. HUMIFUSUM (St. Ilil. fl. bras. 2. p. 16G.) smoothish ; stem trailing, creeping ; leaves oblong, narrowed at both ends ; flowers solitary, on long peduncles; petals twice the length of the sepals. ©. H. Native of Brazil in the northern part of the province of Rio Grande, in humid places. Trailing Mouse-ear duckweed. PI. trailing. t Species not enough known. 7.3 C. bractea'tum (Rafin. prec. p. 36.) plant pubescent ; stem weak ; leaves oblong, almost mucronate ; flowers erect, dicho- tomous, bracteate ; bracteas ovate, acute; petals length of calyx; capsules nerveless, erect. 1^ ? H. Native of Pennsylvania. Bracteate Mouse-ear duckweed. Fl. June, July. PI. i ft. 74 C. pube'scens (Gold. pi. canad. in edinb. phil. journ. april, 1822.) plant pubescent, hairy; stem deflexed, pilose; leaves linear- lanceolate, longer than the internodes ; panicle terminal, generally 4-flowered. % 1 W. Native of Canada. Pubescent Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. PI. 1 foot. 75 C. pilosum' (Horn. hort. hafn. p. 965.) leaves linear-lan- ceolate, obtuse, woolly, with reflexed margins ; petals larger than the calyx. 1^. H. Native of? Sent by Schrader under the name of C. lanatum of Pers. Link. enum. 1. p. ■134. Like C. viscosum. Pilose Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. I foot. 76 C. Palla'ssii (Vest, in flora, 1820. p. 356.) leaves lan- ceolate, pubescent, stiff, acute, lower ones equal in length to the internodes, upper ones longer; stem generally 1 -flowered; petals semibifid. T; ? H. Native of? Flower large. Pallas's Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. PI. -t foot. 77 C. Sprenge'lii (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 421.) leaves linear, very long, and are as well as stems pubescent ; peduncles terminal, umbellate. $ . H. Native of? C. tenuifolium, Spreng. in Horn. hafn. suppl. p. 138. but not of Pursh. SprengeVs Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1819. PI. I foot. 78 C. fimbria' TUM (Ledeb. mem. acad. scienc. petersb. 5. p. 516. no. 27.) plant difl'use ; stems angular, pilose; leaves lan- ceolate, acuminate, glabrous, ciliated ; sepals oblong ; petals multifid; capsules globose. %. H. Native of Siberia, Fringcd-\)eta\\e& Chickweed. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ foot. 79 C. Tenorea'num (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 421.) plant diffuse, hairy ; leaves elliptical, obtuse ; hairy-ciliated, as well as the calyx, which is longer than the corolla ; flowers panicled ; capsules oblong. ©. H. Native of Naples on the mountains. C. pilosum, Tenore, cat. 1819. p. 44. but not of Horn. T'cnore's Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1822. PI. 4- foot. 80 C. ScARANi (Tenore, prod. p. 27. cat. 1819. p. 44.) plant diffuse ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute, clothed with green tomentum on both surfaces ; petals twice as long as the calyx ; capsules ovate ; fruiting peduncles horizontal, l^- H. Native of Naples on the mountains. (Scarani'i Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. PI. ^ft. 81 C. Samnia'num (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 421.) plant diffuse; branches divaricating; leaves lanceolate, linear, tomen- tose, green, woolly ; panicle dichotomous ; petals twice the length of the calyx; capsules oblong. 1/. H. Native of Italy on the mountains of Samnium. C. longifolium, Tenore, prod. p. 27. Cat. 1819. p. 451. but not of Willd. Juss. not Poir. Samnium Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ to ■i foot. 82 C. hirsu'tum (Tenore, prod. p. 27. cat. 1819. p. 45.) plant diffuse, hairy, viscid ; stems creeping ; leaves oblong, ob- tuse, tapering to the base, hairy, canescent ; flowers panicled ; petals twice the length of the calyx ; capsides oblong, rather incurved. %. H. Native of Italy on the mountains of Samnium. //air?/ Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. PI. i foot. Cult. C. tomcntbsum, grandiflorum, and Dahuricum, are the only species of this genus worth cultivating as border flowers. C. lalifdlium, C. alplnum, and C. glaciale, are well adapted for rock-work, or to be grown in small pots, in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat ; the rest are only worth preserving in general collections. They only require the treatment of other hardy plants. The perennial species are increased by dividing the plants at the roots. The annual and biennial species by seeds, which should be sown in the open ground in the spring. XXXV. BRACHYSTE'MMA (from ftpaxvs, brachys, short, and (Trejjpa, stemma, a crown ; in allusion to short minute petals.) D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 216. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, minute, elliptical, acute. Stamens 5, much shorter than the petals. Styles 2, distinct. Capsules spherical, 1 -celled, with 4 valves opening even to the base, 1 -seeded. A diffuse branched, smoothish herb. Stems pentagonal, rather pilose at the top. Leaves opposite, elliptical, oblong, mucronate, stalked, with cartilaginous rather serrulated margins. I'lowers panicu- lately corymbose, terminal or axillary. Peduncles many-flower- ed, and are as well as pedicels glandidar, furnished with linear bracteas at the base, which are ciliated on the margins with glandular hairs. Calyx large, coloured, shining. Corolla white. 1 B. calycinum(D. Don, 1. c.) 1/. H. Native of Nipaid. Arenaria Nepaidensis, Spreng. syst. append, p. 181. Large-calyxed Brachystemma. PI. diffuse, 1 foot. Cult. Not worth cultivating except in a botanic garden. Only requiring to be planted in the open border. It may be either increased by dividing the plant at the root or by seed. XXXVI. CHERLE'RIA (in honour of John Henry Cherler, who assisted John Bauhin in his general history of plants.) Hall, itin. helv. 1. Lin. gen. no. 775. Lam. ill. t. 379. D. C. prod. 1. p. 421. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Trigynia. Calyx 5-sepalled (f. 81. h.) Petals 5, small, emarginate. Stamens 10 (f. 81. b.). Styles 3 (f 81. g.). Capsules 3-celled, 3-valved. Cells 2-seeded. — Smooth, tufted, small, moss-like herbs, with small awl-shaped densely-crowded leaves, and small solitary white or rose-coloured flowers. Nos. 5 and 6 differ from the rest in the petals being much longer than the sepals. Perhaps they belong to Arenaria. 448 CARYOPHYLLE^. XXXVI. CiiEitir.RiA. XXXVII. Sii;kgilastrcm. XXXVIII. IIvdropityos-. XXXIX. Acos.mia. 1 C. SF.DorDF.s (Lin. spec. COS.) FIG. 81. plant small, tufted ; loaves trique- trous, binntish, slif^litly toothed on the margin, spreading ; valves of capsule bluntish, callose at tlie apex, longer than the calyx. 1/ . H. Native of the Alps of Europe in moist spots near the limits of perpetual snow. On the loftiest mountains of Scotland in moist spots near their summits, not unfrc(|uent. Smith, engl. hot. t. 1212. Jacq. austr. t. 281-. Ch. caespitbsa. Lam. fl. fr. 3. j). 4G. Flowers yellowish-green. Stone-crop-like Mossy-Cyphel or Dwarf Cherleria. Fl, July. Scotland. PI. ^ foot. 2 C. stella'ta (Clark, ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 416.) leaves trigonal, obtuse, stellately spreading at the top ; flowers ter- minal, stalked ; peduncles hispid. 1/. . F. Native of Mount Parnassus. iSVnrry-leaved Cherleria. PI. 2 inches. 3 C. ? imbrica'ta (.Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 121.) plant tufted, small ; leaves flattish, concave, and 3-nerved be- neath, blunt, imbricated ; Howcrs sessile, octandrous? 1/? M. Native of the Alps of Carinthia and of upper Austria, as well as of Siberia. Cherlerioides, Hoppe. ? pi. sel. 2. C. octandra, Siel). Flowers greenish-yellow. IiiibricatcJ-\caved Cherleria. Fl. July. PI. ^ foot. 4 C. dicranoi'des (Cham, in Schlecht. Linn.-ra 1. p. 63.) densely tufted, small ; leaves spatulately-oblong, keeled, rather imbricated, nerveless, "if.. H. Native of St. Laurence Bay, in North-west America. Plant like Dicranum glaucum. Duramim-likc Cherleria. PI. 1 foot. a C. ORANDiFi.oRA (D. Don, jjrod. fl. nep. p. 214.) leaves lan- ceolate, stiff', mncronate, pungent, keeled underneath, with scarious margins, which are dilated and ciliated, concave above ; segments of calyx cuneated, rounded, very broad ; petals ob- ovate, retuse, exceeding the calyx in length. "H.. H. Native of Nipaid at Gosaingsthan. F^lowers about the size of those of Arcnaria grnndijlura, rose-coloured, with purple filaments and yellnw anthers. Arenaria glol)ifl6ra, Wall. mss. Grcat-Jloinrcd Cherleria. PI. 1 to 2 inches. 0 C. junu'e'rina (I). Don, prcid. fl. nep. p. 214.) leaves crowded in 6 rows, lanceolate, mncronate, stiff', deHexed, with smooth margins ; flowers axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaves ; segments of calyx obtuse ; petals ov.il, oblong, twice the length of the calyx, li. H. Native of Nipaul at Gosaings- than. Arenaria densissima, Wall, in litt. Plant forming a large compact tuft. Flowers white. Junij:cr-lilcc Cherleria. PI. 1 to 2 inches. Cull. Cherleria is a genus of very pretty alpine plants, having the appearance of some species of Arenaria. They should be grown in small pots, well drained with potsherds, in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat, and placed among other alpine plants. They are increased by dividing the plants at the root, or sometimes by seed. XXXVn. SPERGULA'STRUM(from spcrgula, spurry, and astrum, an affixed signification, like.) Michx. fl. bor. anier. 1. p. 275. D. C. prod. 1. p. 421. Micropetalum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 509. Lin. syst. Dcc6ndria, Tri-Tclragijnia. Calyx 5-scpalled. Petals 5, very minute, entire or wanting. Stamens 1 0, perigy- nous. Stigmas 4, sessile, ligulately-setaceous. Capsules ovate, longer than the calyx of 4-valves. — North American herbs, with the habit of Stcllaria or Spirgula. This genus ought more properly to have been jilaced in I'aronychiea:, from the perigy- nous insertion of the stamens. 1 S. lanuginosum (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 275.) plant densely pubescent ; leaves lanceolate, tapering into the foot- stalk ; peduncles almost solitary, long, at length reflexed ; flowers apctalous. 7/ . H. Native of North America on the mountains of Virginia and Carolina. Micropetalum lanuginosum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 509. Stems densely clothed with very fine wool. /roo% .Spergulastrum. Fl. June, July, Clt. 1821. PI. i ft. 2 S. LANCEOLA TUM (Midi. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 275.) j)lant glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, tapering at both ends ; flowers panicled ; petals ovate, very short. 1/. H. Native of North America on moist rocks from Canada to Carolina. Micro- petalum lanceolatum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 509. Spergula bore^lis, Bigel. fl. host. 2. p. 43.'J. Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 8G. Some- times there are only 3 stigmas. Petals white. />«ncco/n/c-leaved Spergulastrum. Fl. July. PI. J foot. 3 S. grami'neum (.Miciix. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 27G.) plant very smooth ; leaves linear, erect ; panicle loose ; petals Kinceo- late, length of sepals. '2^.11. Native of North America near springs and on shady rocks, from New York to Virginia, Canada, &c. Spergula longifolia, Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 8G. Spergula graminea, Bigel. I. c. Like Stillitria graminea. Orassij SpergulastriHTi. Fl. June, July. PI. \ foot. Cult. A genus of weed-looking plants, not worth culti- vating except in general collections. They slioidd be grown in pots in a mixture of peat and sand. They may be either in- creased by dividing the plants at the roots or by seed. XXXVIII.? HYDROPI'TYON (from vcu>p, hydor, water, and -iTVi, pilys, a pine-tree or fir ; water plants resembling the pine tree in the fine whorled leaves.) Gaert. fruct. 3. p. 19. t. 183. f 2. D. C. prod. 1. p. 422. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogijnia. Calyx of 5 sepals. Pe- tals 5, ovate-i-oundish. Stamens 10 ; filaments thick and i)ilose ; anthers cordate. Ovary oblong. Style 1. .Stigma orbicniar. Capsule 1 -seeded. .Seed naked. — East Indian water herbs, with whorled pinnate leaves, and small axillary flowers. This genus most probably ought to be removed from this order. 1 H. Zevla'nicim (Gffirt. I. c.) leaves pinnate, in whorls; stem;i arched ; flowers axillary, sessile. 1/ ? S. W. Native of the East Indies. Flowers red. Cci/lon Water-fir. PI. floating. 2 il. I'EDUNCULATUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 422.) leaves in whorls, pinnate ; stems straight ; flowers axillary on long pe- duncles, i; ? S. W. Native of the East Indies and Malabar. H. calycinum, Ga;rt. Ilottonia I'ndica, Lin. spec. 208. — Burm. zeyl. p. 121. t. 55. — Ivheed. hort. m.al. 12. p. 71. t. 3G. Petals 4, greenish-red. The whole plant has a somewhat grateful odour. The flowers mixed with ginger and cardamon in milk-whey are used in Malabar .as an anti-dysenterical medicine. .Slallud-tiowL-TCil Water-fir. PI. J foot. Cult. .As neither of the s|)ecies of llijdropilyon has ever been introduced into Europe in a living state, it is difficult to say what mode of cultivation they require. We think from the nature of the ])lant that it will be impossible ever to cultivate it in this country. XXXIX. ACO'SMIA (a, priv. kdtTfWc, kosmo., bicolor, Pers. ench. I. p. 335. .(^;i7-.s7)fl^)f. ex Benth. bot. reg. no. 1326.) glabrous, shrubljy, branched ; leaves elliptical, ol)long, acuminated, serrated, taper- ing to the base, stalked ; flowers in capitate-corymbs ; peduncles bracteate ; sepals ovate, with short points and sub-ciliated mar- gins ; petals twice the length of the calyx ; styles 1, free ; stigmas globose ; capside obtuse. 1; . G. Native of Nipaid and Silhel. Flowers smaller than those of Z.. trigynum. I'our-stijicd Flax. Shrub 2 feet? 31 L. t.BsiMTosiiM (.Sibth. et Smith, fl. grasc. t. 305. prod. p. 21C.) j)lant glabrous, glaucous, tufted, shrubby at the base; leaves obovate, acute ; sepals ovate, obtu.sc. I7.H. Native of Crete on the higher mountains. L. globulariffifolium, Poir. suppl. 3. J). 445. A small nuich-br.mchcd shrub. Capsules globose. Flowers cymose. Styles distinct. Tuflcd Flax. ShVub 4 foot. 32 L. TKiV.vNu.M (Roxb. ex asiat. resear. G. p. 357.) shrubby, glabrous ; leaves alternate, elliptical, entire, poinlcd at both ends, feather-nerved ; flowers large, bracteate; styles 3, distinct; capsule obtuse ; sepals lanceolate ; petals obovate, emarginate. y . G. Native of the Fast Indies at .Siriuagur. Sims, bot. mag. t. lloo. Andr. bot. rep. t. 449. Delaun. herb, aniat. t. 290. Capsules C-eelled. Stigmas not capitate. Thrccntylcd Flax. Fl. Jan. Oct. Clt. 1799. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 33 L. CiCANODUM (I). Don, ])rod. fl. nej). 217.) shrubby, glabrous ; leaves alternate, membranaceous, eliiptieal-oblong, acuminated, stalked, and acute at the base, serrate I flowers in terminal umbels ; styles 3, connected to the middle ; sepals ob- long, acute ; cap»ule obtuse. tj . G. Native of Nipaid at Narainhetiy. L. Cicanobu, Flamilt. mss. Leaves G inches long. Flowers large. In the language of the Nawaris, this ])lant is called Cicanobu Sua. Mr. Bentham is disposed to consider this a inere variety of L. ripens. Cicamibu Fl.ix. Fl. Decern. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 34 L. KF.'i'ENs (1). Don, prod. fl. nep. j). 217.) stem shrubby ; leaves alternate, ovate-cuneated, nuicroiudate, gla- brous, crenulated, feather-nerved ; flowers solitary, stalked ; sepals lanceolate, mucronate, with denticulated margins ; capside obtuse; styles 3, connate to about the middle. I7 . G. Native of Nipaul at Narainhetty. L. repcns and scmitrl.'ynum, Hamilt. mss. L. trigynum. Smith, exot. bot. t. 1 7. Flowers large, canipanulate. Root creeping. Ciecpi)iir Flax. Fl. Nov. Shrub 3 foot. 35 L. .M.\CR.*;'i (Benth. in bot. reg. no. 1326.) glabrous; stems shrubby at the base ; branches erect ; leaves opposite or alternate, lanceolate, acuminated, stiff'; sepals ovate, acumi- nated; petals twice the length of the calyx; style ecjual to the corolla, slightly (|uinquefid at the apex ; stigmas globose ; cap- sules acutely mucronate. I7 . G. Native of Chili at Valpa- raiso. Flo»ers about the size of those of/., maritimum. Mac Hac's Flax. Siindj 1 foot. 3G L. MONo'ciVNiM (Forst. prod. no. 145.) stem suffruticosc ; leaves alternate, lanceolate, 3-nerved. Ij . G. Native of New Zealand. Flowers yellow. Styles connate at the base. Ac- cording to Mr. Bentham this is the same as L. Africanum. Onc-.sli/lcd Flax. Fl. June, July. Shrub 1 fool. 37 L. Afkica'num (Lin. mant. p. 3G0.) plant glabrous, erect, slind)by at the base; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, alternate, or irregularly opposite, or in whorls ; panicle corymbose, erect ; flowers d^spo.sed along the branches, almost sessile ; sepals rather serratelv ciliated ; styles connate at the base. I; . G. Native of the Caiie of Good Hope. Jacq. coll. 3. p. 218. t. 353. Curt. bot. mag. 403. 4/Wcnn Flax. F"l. June, July. Clt. 1771. i^hndj 1 to 2 ft. 38 L. yEniiopicuM ('Ihunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 1 13.) plant gla- brous, shrubbv at the base, erectly-spreading ; leaves ovate, mu- cronate, opposite ; flowers terminal, rather umbellate ; styles connate at the base. I; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Ho])e. L. Africanum, Rchb. icon. exot. t. 46. /Klliiopian Flax. Fl. June, Jidy. Clt. 1771. Shrub 1 foot. 39 L. QiADRiFoLif.M (Liu. spec. 402.) plant glabrous, erect ; leaves ovate, somewhat nuicronate, 4 in a whorl, upper ones sometimes opposite; styles distinct. %. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Curt. bot. mag. t. 4.'!1. Houtt. pfl. syst. 4. p. 263. t. 46. f 1. Perhaps L. quadrif blium of Thnnb. fl. cap. 2. p. 244. and L. tetraphyllumof Habenstr. in herb. Panzer, are diflerent from this. Four-kavcd Flax. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1787. PI. 1 to 1^ ft. § 2. Flowers blue or rose-coloured, rarely laryiiig to nliite. 40 L. VKRTiciLi,.\ TUM (Lin. spec. 402.) leaves in whorls, linear-lanceolate, upper ones as well as calyxes villous. Q. H. Native of Italy about Rome. Petals grey. ;/7/(«/((/-le.ived Flax. Fl. June, July". PI. 1 foot. 41 L. STRIA TUM (Walt. fl. carol, p. 118.) leaves opposite, ovate, or oblong, with the margins and nerves somewhat decur- rent ; flowers panicled, terminal. ©. H. Naiive of Carolina. Habit of Camjn'niulala lii/lirida. Stems somewhat tetragonal, simple. Se])als ovate, acute, a little smaller than the petals. I'lowers blue and striated. Striated Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 to 1 J foot. 42 L. vistosiM (Lin. spec. 398.) leaves lanceolate, 3-5- nerved, alternate, and somewhat opposite, and are as well as stems hairy, middle and upjier ones, as well as sepals, bearing glandular hairs ; styles .shorter than the stamens or nearly equal with them. 1/. H. Native of the southern parts of Germany and It.'ily in sunny (daces. Flowers pale wine-coloured, rarely blue. Capsules of 10 cells. — IJertol. am. itin. p. 139. J'ar. li, sylrestre (.Scop. earn. no. 383. t. 11.) leaves all ciliat- ed with glandular hairs, and as if they were serrated. Ti.. H. Naiive of Carniola. far. y, Xestleri (D. C. j)rod. 1. p. 246.) lower leaves smooth- ish, somewhat ovate. TJ.. H. Native of Austria in gravelly or sandy fields. I'ar. c, hypcricif blium (Sal. parad. t. 79.) leaves ovate-oblong, distinctly 5-nerved. Sims, but. mag. t. 1018. — L. venilstum. LINE;?!. I. LiNUM. 453 Andv. hot. rep. 477. Flowers large, almost the size of tV.ose of a Mallow. Perhaps a distinct species. Clammy Flax. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1807. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 43 L. I'lLiGERUM (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. p. 127.) stem sini- j)lt', JKiiry ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved ; sepals linear, ])ilose ; styles equal in length with the stamens. 1/ . H. Native of Sicily and Crete. I/air-bcariitg Flax. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 41- L. uiusu'tum (Lin. spec. 398.) leaves lanceolate, 3-5- nerved, alternate, and somewhat opposite, and are as well as the stems hairy, upper ones as well as sepals ciliated, with glan- dular hairs ; stamens connate to the middle. If. . H. Native of Italy, south of France, Tauria, Caucasus, and Hungary, in elevated places exposed to the sun. Flowers bluish, rarely rose-coloured. Jacq. aust. t. 31. Smith, fl. grsec. t. 302. — Moris, liist. 2. p. 573. sect. 5. t.-26. f. 5. Panicle corymbose. Var. fl, elalius (Roeni. ined. Schult. syst. G. p. 740.) leaves evidently 3-nerved. T^. H. Native of Caucasus. Hairy Flax. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. 1 foot. 45 L. AscYRiFOLiUM (Sims, hot. mag. t. 1087.) leaves alter- nate, 3-nerved, ovate, cordate, pubescent, upper ones somewhat opposite ; flowers somewhat spiked ; sepals acuminated, hairy. X- H. Native of Portugal near Coimbra. Flowers white, streaked with bluish-purple veins, with a yellow bottom. Petals crenulated. Ascy rum-leaved Flax. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1 800. PI. 1 ft. 46 L. NERVOSUM (Walds. et Kit. pi. hung. 2. t. 105.) stem hairy at the base ; leaves lanceolate, pointed, 3-5-nerved, gla- brous ; panicle loose ; sepals awl-shaped, jwinted, serrated at the base. %. H. Native of Hungary, the Ukraine, and Tauria, on hills. Flowers large, blue. Petals emargiuated or pointed, crenated at the apex. Styles white. Capsules with 10 promi- nent sutures. — Barrel, icon. p. 1009. J ar. p, glabratum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 426.) stem glabrous at the base. 1^^. H. Native of Russia on the banks of the Don. AVnW-leaved Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. PI. 1 to li foot. 47 L. Narbone'nse (Lin. spec. 398.) plant glabrous, erect, rather glaucous ; leaves alternate, distant, lanceolate-linear, very acute, and rather stiff"; panicle sub-corymbose ; sepals acumi- nated, with the margins scariose at the base. IJ . H. Native of Spain, south of France, and Italy, in elevated sunny places. Flowers large, beautiful, blue, very rarely white. Hook. bot. mag. icon. — Barrel, icon. p. 1007. Narbonne Flax. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1759. PI. 2 feet. 48 L. puncta'tum (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 962.) stem diflTuse, usually 3-flowered ; leaves imbricate, lanceolate, acute, rather scabrous, full of pellucid dots; sepals ovate. 7^. H. Native of .Sicily. Z)o?to/-leaved Flax. PI. diffuse. 49 L. usiTATi'ssiMUJi (Lin. spec. 397.) plant erect, glabrous; leaves lanceolate or linear acute ; panicle corymbose ; sepals ovate, acute, or mucronate, with scarious or membranaceous margins ; petals rather crenated, 3-times larger than the calyx. ©. H. Native of many parts of Europe, as well as in Nipaul and North America, in corn-fields, said to be originally from Egypt. Tratt. tab. t. 744. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1357. Curt. fl. loud. fasc. 5. t. 22. Mart. fl. rust. t. 133. L. sativum. Black, herb. t. 160. Plench. t. 243. L. arvense, Neck, gallob. 159. Flowers blue. Se])als 3-nerved. Var. fl, humile (Mill. diet. no. 2.) petals emarginate ; stem dwarf-branched. Flax has been cultivated from the earliest ages and for an unknown length of time in Britain, of which it is now considered a nat\iralized inhabitant. It is cultivated both for its fibre for making thread, and its seed for being crushed for oil, but never has been grown in sufficient quantity for either purpose. The legislature of the country, as Brown observes, has paid more attention to framing laws regarding the husbandry of flax than to any otlier branch of rural economy ; but it need not excite surprise that these laws, even though accompanied by premiums, have failed to induce men to act in a manner contrary to their own interest. The fact is, the culture of flax is found on tlie whole less profitable tiian the culture of corn. It is one of the most severe crops when allowed to ripen its seed ; but by no means so when pulled green. Loud, encycl. agri. p. 846. Tiie varieties of the common Flax are few, and hardly de- serving notice. Marshall mentions the Blue or Lead-coloured Flax, as being cultivated in Yorkshire, and Professor Thaer mentions a finer and coarser variety ; he also as well as some other agriculturists has tried the Lhium perenne, but though it affords a strong fibre, it is coarser, and difficult to separate from the woody matter. The soil most proper for Jlax, besides the alluvial kinds, are deep and friable loams, and such as contain a large proportion of vegetable matter. Strong clays do not answer well, nor soils of a gravelly or dry sandy nature. But whatever be the kinds of soil, it ought neither to be too poor nor in too rich a condition ; because in the latter case the jUax is apt to grow too luxuriant, and to produce a coarse sort ; and, in the former case, the plant from growing weakly affords only a small produce. (Treat, on Rural Affairs.) If there be water at a small depth below the surface of the ground, it is thought by some still better, as is the case in Zealand, which is remarkable for the fineness of its Jlax, and where the soil is deep and rather stiff, with water almost every where at the depth of a foot and a half or two feet underneath it. It is said to be owing to tlie want of this advantage, that the other provinces of Holland do not succeed equally well in the culture of this useful plant ; not that but fine flax is also raised on light lands, if they have been well tilled and manured, and if the seasons are not very dry. It is remarked in the letters of the Dublin Agricultural Societ}', that most stiff soils yield much larger quantities oi flax and far better seed than can be obtained from light lands, and that the seeds reared from the former may with proper care be rendered full as good as any that can be imported from Riga or Zealand. M. Du Hamel, however, thinks that strong land can hardly yield such fine flax as that which grows on lighter ground. The place of flax in a rotation of crops is various, but in general it is considered as a corn or exhausting crop, when the seed is allowed to ripen, and as a green pea or bean crop, when the plant is pulled green. Flax, Donaldson observes, is sown after all sorts of crops, but is found to succeed better on lands lately broken up from grass. In Scotland, the most skilful cultivators of flax generally prefer lands from which one crop of grain only has been taken, after having been several years in pasture. When such lands have been limed or marled, immediately before being laid down to grass, the crop of flax seldom or never mis- gives, unless the season proves remarkably adverse. In the north of Ireland flax is generally sown by tiie small farmers after potatoes. In Belgium it is supjiosed not to do well after peas or beans, nor to succeed if sown oftener on the same soil than twice. (I on Thaer.) The preparation of the soil when grass land is intended for Flax consists in breaking it up as early in the season as possible, so that the soil may be duly mellowed by the winter frosts, and in good order for being reduced by the harrows when the seed process is attempted. Ifflax is to succeed a corn crop, the like preparation is required to procure the aid of frost, without which the surface cannot be rendered fine enough for receiving the seed. Less frost, however, will do in the last than in the first case, therefore the grass land ought always to be earliest ir, I LINE.t;. I. LisiM. pl(iii;,'ln.il. At sci'il time harrow tlic land well before the seed is distributed, then cover the seed to a snilieient deplii by givinj; a close double tine ot" the harrows. Water-furrow the land, and remove any stones or roots that may remuiii on the surface, which finishes the process. The ordinary season of sowing flax-seed is from the middle of March to the end of April, but the last week of March and the first 10 days of April is esteemed the best time, and accord- ingly within these periods the greatest quantity of y/pling, because the ripple will separate the capsules from the Jlax as effectuallv before it has been dried as it will afterwards, and if it is done with a view to ripen the seed, it should be considered that the Jlax will be more hurt by the longer time of steeping, which will l)ecoine necessary in consear. '63. t. 4. f. C. Stem repeatedly forked, leafy, many-flowered, njo- derately spreading and somewhat corymbose. Leaves sessile, small, ovate, 3-ribl)ed. Flower-stalks solitary from the forks of the stem as well as its ultimate branches, white, very minute. Capsules light brown, rather depressed. I'lax-likc Radiola or Flax-seed. Britain. PI. 1 to 2 inches. Cull. The seeds of this very small pl.int should be sown in a moist sandy situation, where it may afterwards be allowed to scatter itself Order XXX. MALVA'CEiE (plants agreeing with Mdlva in important characters). Brown. Congo, p. 8. Kunth, diss. 1822. p. 1. D. C. prod. 1. p. 429.— MalvacetE § 1, 2, 3. Juss. gen. 271. Calyx usually of 5 sepals (f. 84. b. f. 85. b.), rarely 3-4, more or less connected at the base, valvate in aestivation, usually bearing bracteas at the base (f 83. n. f 84. a.), these constitute an outer calyx or involucrum. Petals equal in number to the sepals (f 83. b. f. 84. e. f. 85. c.) and alternating with them, hypogynous, equal, twisted in aestivation (f 84. t.), sometimes distinct, but usually adnate to the tube of the stamens at the base. Stamens numerous, definite, but usually indefinite (f. 84. d.) ; filaments connected into a column (f. 84. d.), im- equal, outer ones shortest ; anthers 1 -celled, kidney-shaped, bursting by a transverse chink. Ovary usually of many carpels (f. 83. e. f. 84. h.) disposed in a whorl around the axis, almost always connected. Styles equal in number with the ovaries, sometimes distinct, sometimes joined in one, with an equal number of stigmas (f. 8 Kg'.) which are more or less distinct. Carpels sometimes 1-2-seeded, opening by a chink on the inside, sometimes many-seeded, opening by valves and with a dissepi- ment in the middle of each valve, bearing the seeds, some- times nearly free, sometimes connected into a many-celled capsule (f. 83. y. f. 84. h.) sometimes connate, into an anoma- lous kind of berry (f. 85. h. /.). Seeds ovate or somewhat tri(iue- trous, covered by a smooth or villous epidermis (f 83. g. f. 84. t.). Albumen none. Embryo straight, dicotyledonous, with a terete radicle, and yellow twisted cotyledons. — Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves alternate, usually stalked, toothed, or lobed. Villi usually stellately branched. Stipulas 2, at the sides of the leaves. Peduncles axillary, 1 or many-flowered, sometimes disposed in terminal racemose spikes in consequence of the upper leaves being absent. This order, before it was dis- membered from B(i»i Wet (/• anil Byttncriacece, contained most of the grandest flowers in nature. Even now the splendour of various species of Allhu-a, Hibiscus, &c. renders it a very re- markable group of plants, the greater part of which are MALVACEAE. 459 objects worthy of the gardener's care, particularly those which are hardy. In stoves and green-houses the species are parti- cularly liable to the attacks of tlie red spider, mealy bug, and scale, a circumstance which makes them less generally esteemed than tlie beauty of many of them merits. The greater part of the plants contained in this Order are clothed with stellate pu- bescence, and a kidney-shaped, 1 -celled anther is a character common to the whole. These two peculiarities, together with the alternate stipulate leaves, distinguish them from all the rest of Thalaiiiijlbrce. All the species abound in a nutritive mucilage ; a quality which renders the young heads of the Ohro or Hibis- cus esculi'iitus, an object of great value within the tropics as an ingredient in soups. In Brazil the Abiditon esculcntum serves the same purposes. The emollient properties of AlthcB a offici- nalis are well known to physicians. A decoction of the leaves of Sphcerdlcea Cisplatma is used for similar objects in Brazil. A species of Paibnia is employed in the same country as a diu- retic in the form of a decoction. The straight shoots of Stda macrantha are employed as rocket-sticks at Rio Janeiro. The chewed leaves of Sula carpinifolia allay the inflammation occasioned by the stings of wasps. The tough fibres of many MalvHcece are manufactured into cordage. Their petals are as- tringent, whence those of Hibiscus rosa-Sincnsis are used in China to blacken the eye-lashes, and the leather of shoes. The fibrous threads, in which the seeds of Gossypium are enveloped, furnish the valuable cotton, an article of immense importance to the world ; these threads, when examined by the microscope, will be seen to be finely toothed, which explains the cause of their adhering together with greater facility than those oiBombax and several Apocijncce, which are destitute of teeth, and which cannot be spun into thread without the admixture of cotton. Synopsis of the genera. Division I. Calyx double, or girded by an involucrum. 1 Ma'lope. Calyx girded by a 3-leaved involucrum ; leaflets cordate. Carpels numerous, 1 -seeded, disposed into a head. 2 Ma'lva. Calyx girded by a 3-leaved involucrum, rarely by a 5-6-leaved one ; leaflets oblong or setaceous. Carpels cap- sular, 1 -seeded, verticillate, disposed in an orbicular head. 3 Si'h.era'lcka. Calyx girded by a 3-leaved involucel. Carpels, 2-3-seeded, verticillate, collected into a round head. 4 Modi OLA. Calyx girded by a 3-leaved involucel. Car- pels bicuspidate, 2-seeded, disposed in a whorl. 5 Kitaibe'lia. Calyx girded by a 7-9-cleft involucel. Car- pels capsular, 1-seeded, disposed into a 5-lobed head. 6 Alth.e'a. Calyx girded by a 6-9-cleft involucel. Carpels capsular, 1-seeded, disposed into a globular head. 7 Lavate'ra. Calyx girded by a 3-5-cleft involucel ; leaflets usually connected together to the middle. Carpels capsular, 1-seeded, disposed into an orb around the axis. 8 Mala'chra. General involucrum 3-5-leaved, girding a head of flowers. Calyx girded by a proper 8-12-leaved invo- lucel ; leaflets linear, or bristle-formed. Carpels 5, capsular, 1-seeded, disposed into a globular head. 9 Ure'na. Calyx girded by a 5-cleft involucel, especially witli the leaflets connected to the middle. Anthers on the toj) of the staminifcrous tube. Carpels 5, capsular, connivent, 1- seeded, usually echinated on the outside, with prickles, which are rayed at the apex. 10 Pavonia. Calyx girded by a 5-15-leaved involucel. Stigmas 10. Carpels 5, capsular, 2-valved, 1-seeded. 11 Malvavi'scus. Calyx girded by a many-leaved invo- lucel. Petals erect, convolute. Stigmas 10. Carpels 5, bac- cate, 1-seeded, sometimes nearly distinct, but usually connate into a 5-celled fruit. 12 Lebretonia. Calyx 5-parted, girded by a shorter 5- parted involucel. Petals 5, exserted in part, twisted in aestiva- tion, with a spreading limb. Styles 10. Carpels 5 or only 4 from abortion, 1-seeded, indehiscent. 13 Hibiscus. Calyx girded by a many-leaved, rarely witii few-leaved involucel, distinct or connected with each other at the base. Petals not auricled. Stigmas 5. Carpels joined into a 5-celled capsule, with the valves bearing a dissepiment on the inside ; cells many, rarely 1-seeded. Seeds woolly or smooth. 14 Pari'tium. Calyx girded by a 7-1 0-1 2-toothed or lobed in- volucel. Style 5-cleft. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved, with a dis- sepiment in the middle of each valve, many-seeded. Seed smooth. 15 Laguna'ria. Calyx girded by an involucel, which is almost reduced to a prominent, entire or toothed margin. Capsule 5-celled, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Cells many-seeded. Seeds smooth. 16 Thespe'sia. Calyx truncate, girded by a 3-leaved deci- duous involucel. Capsule 5-celled ; cells semi-partite, bearing 4 seeds at the base, with an incomplete dissepiment. Albumen sparing. 17 Gossy'piUM. Calyx cup-shaped, bluntly 5-toothed, girded by a 3-leaved involucel (f. 83. a.) leaflets connected at the base, cordate, jagged. Stigmas 3-5. Capsule 3-5-celled (f. &S.f?i, many-seeded. Seeds enveloped in cotton (f. 83. g.). 18 Redoute'a. Calyx 5-parted (f. 84. 6.), girded by a 10-12-leaved involucel (f. 84. c), shorter than the calyx. Stig- mas 3 (f. 84. g.). Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved (f. 84. h.) many- seeded. Placentas 3, alternating with the valves, bearing woolly seeds (f. 84. i.) on all sides. Anthers inbundles (f. 84. rf.). 19 FuGo'siA. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 85. a.), girded by a very- short 12-leaved setaceous involucel. Anthers few, disposed as it were in a whorl on the middle of the staminifcrous tube (f. 85. d.). Stigmas 1-3-4 (f 85. e.). Capsule 3-cellcd, globose ; cells 3-5-seeded (f. 85. h. ?'.). Seeds covered with short wool. 20 Se'rra. Calyx 5-toothed, small, girded by a 3-leaved involucel; leaflets cordate, entire. Anthers about 10, stipitate, on the top and sides of the tube, with a 4-5-crenate membrane under the ovary. Stigmas 5. Capsule 2-celled ? 10-seeded. 21 Lopi'mia. Involucel 20-leaved, longer than the calyx ; leaflets setaceous, connivent. Corolla flat. Column of stamens somewhat deflexed. Stigmas 10. Anthers 30-40. Capsule of 5 carpels; carpels 1-seeded, close, covered with viscid mucilage. 22 Polychl.e'na. Calyx 5-cleft, girded by a many-leaved, setaceous involucel. Capsule 5-celled, cells 1-seeded. 3 N 2 460 MALVACEiE. I. Malope. II. Malva. Division II. Calyx without an involucel. 23 I'ala VIA. Calyx naked, 5-cleft. Carpels capsular, nu- merous, 1 -seeded, disposed into a head without any order. 24 Crista'ria. Calyx naked, 5-cleft. Fruit orbiculately- (lepressed, covered witii a thin pellicle, composed of numerous 1 -seeded carpels, bearing 2 wings in the centre. 25 A'noda. Calyx naked, 5-cleft ; lobes acuminated, spread- ing when in fruit. Capsule somewhat hemispherical beneatli, depressed above and star-formed, many-celled, especially witli 1 -celled, 1 -seeded, connate carpels. 26 Peri'ptera. Calyx naked, 5-cleft. Petals erect, spirally twisted into a tube, at length free. Capsule stellately many- celled ; cells 1 -seeded. 27 Si'da. Calyx naked, 5-cleft, usually angular. Stylesmul- tifid at the top. Carpels capsular, 5-10, 1 -seeded, seldom blad- dery, disposed in a whorl around the axis, more or less connected with each other, or wholly connected into a many-celled capsule. 28 Abutilon. Calyx naked, 5-cleft, usually angular. Styles multiful at the apex. Carpels capsular, 5-30, many-seeded, usually bladdery, disposed in a whorl around the axis, so closely connected with each other as to form a many-celled capside. 29 Nutta'llia. Calyx naked, 5-cleft. Anthers numerous. Stigmas numerous, filiform. Carpels numerous, disposed into a ring or whorl, 1 -seeded, not opening spontaneously. 30 Lagune'a. Calyx naked, 5-cleft. Anthers on the top and sides of the tube. Stigmas 5. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved ; valves with a dissepiment in the middle, separable, standing above the filiform central axis. 31 Ingeniiouzia. Calyx naked, 3-parted ; lobes ovate, lan- ceolate, acuminated. Pet.ils 5. Urceolus campanulate, situated within the petals. Stamens numerous, monadelphous. Style 1. 32 Eijrya'ntiie. Calyx naked, 5-cleft. Petals 5. Stamens indefinite, hardly connected at the base. Style 1. Capsule 3- celled, 3-valved, many-seeded ; valves with a dissepiment in the middle of each. Diiision I. Calyx double, or girded by an incolucrum. I. MA'I.OPE (from ^aXoc, tender ; soft leaves). Lin. gen. no. 8t3. Lam. ill. t. 58:3. I). C. prod. 1. p. 429. Lin. syst. Mvnadetpliia, Polyandria. Calyx 5-cleft, girded by a 3-leaved involucrum ; leaflets cordate. Carpels many, 1- seeded, collected into a head. Herbs resembling Mdlia, with large i)urplish or small white flowers. 1 M. malacoi'di.s (Lin. spec. 974.) leaves ovate, crenated ; sti- pulas oblong-linear ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered. ©. H. Na- tive of Italy, Provence, Spain, Mauritania, and the island of Scio, in meadows. Sweet, fl. gard. icon. Cav. diss. t. 37. f. 1. — Sabb. hort. 1. t. 50.— Moris, hist. 2. p. 522, sect. 3. t. 17. f 11. — Hocc. sicil. 15. t. 8. f. 2. Barrel, icon. t. 1 189. Flowers purplish. Var. /3, sinuata (1). C. prod. 1. p. 429.) leaves some obtusely trifid, others sinuated or piiuiatifid. ©. II. Native of Mauritania. — Cav. diss. t. 27. letter X. Intermediate between M.malacoidcs .ind M. sliputiicea. Flowers large, purplish-violet, like those of a species of Mallu7v. Mallorv-like Malope. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1710. PI. 1^ ft. 2 M. sTii'ULACEA (Cav. ann. cienc. nat. S. p. 74.) leaves ovate, crenated ; stipulas cordate, ovate, acute ; peduncles axil- lary, 1 -flowered. O. H. Native about Mogodor. Flowers large, purple, like those of a counnon Mallow. Largc-stiptikd Malope. Fl. July, Sept. PI. 1 foot. 3 M. TRi'piDA (Cav. diss. 2. p. 85. t. 27. f. 2.) leaves 3- nerved, trifid, toothed, glabrous ; lobes acuminated ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered. ©. H. Native of Portugal, Spain, and Mauritania, in meadows. Flowers large, purple. rW/tVMeaved Malope. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1808. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 4 M. MrLTiFLiiRA (Trig, in Cav. diss. 2. p. 85.) leaves round- ish, crcjiated, villous; flowers 3-4, axillary. ©. H. Native of Portugal and S))ain. Flowers small, white. Many-Jlonercd !Nlalopc. PI. ^ foot. Cult. The seeds of these beautiful plants only require to be sown in the open border about the beginning or middle of April. II. M.\'LVA (altered by the Latins from the Greek word l^iaXa^r), malache, soft, which comes from ^aXaaata, to soften ; in allusion to the soft mucilaginous (jualities of the species). Lin. gen. no. 841. Lam. ill. t. 582. D. C. prod. 1. p. 430. Lin. syst. Hlonadelphia, I'olyiindria. Calyx 5-cleft, girded by a 3-lcaved involucrum, or rarely with a 5 or 6-leaved in- volucrum ; leaflets oblong or setaceous. Carpels capsular, many, disposed in a round head. Many of the species are shewy. Malva was an excellent vegetable among the Romans, but what species is uncertain, and the Chinese use some sort of Mallorv as fo.id. Sect. I. Malva'rtrum (a name altered from Mcilva). D. C. prod. 1. p. 430. Carpels 1 -celled, 1 -seeded. § 1. Clirysdnth(P (from ■^(^pvaoc, chrysos, gold, and arOoc, anlhos, a flower ; because all the species contained in this sec- tion have yellow flowers). D. C. yrod. 1. p. 430. Leaves undivided. Flowers small, yellow, almost sessile iti the axils of the tipper leaves, and sometimes apparently in S2)ikes, in consequence oj the ujjper leaves being wanting. 1 M. tricuspida ta (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 210.) leaves oblong or ovate, acute, serrated ; flowers axillary, glo- merate ; carpels tricuspidate. $ . S. Native of Jamaica. M. Americana, Cav. diss. 2. t. 22. f. 2. M. carpinifolia, Desr. in Lam. diet. enc. 3. p. 754, M. Coromandeliana, Willd. Swartz, Sida Jamaicensis, iNIill. Var. /3, subtriloba (D. C. prod. 1. p. 430.) leaves somewhat 3-lobed. M. Antillirum, Zucc. obs. no. 79. Tricuspidate-cATYfcWcd Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1726. PI. 1 foot. 2 M. America' NA (Lin. spec. 908.) leaves ovate, acute, cre- nately serrated, rather pilose ; flowers axillary, generally solitary, or in terminal capitate spikes ; carpels awnless. ©. H. Native of St. Domingo. M. ulmifolia, 15alb. herb. M. Curassavica, Desrous, in Lam. diet. enc. .'5. p. 754. American 'SiaWow . Fl. July. Clt. I 756. PI. 1 foot. 3 M. sca'bra (Cav. diss. 5. t. 138. f. 1.) leaves ovate-lanceo- late, coarsely toothed, obsoletely 3-lobed, under surface as well as branches scabrous with stellate hairs ; peduncles axillary, generally 2-flowered. '; . G. Native of Peru in arid places. M. scoparia, Jacq. icon. rar. t. 139. M. corchorifolia, Desrous in Lam. diet. enc. 3. p. 743. M. Lagasca>, Cat. hort. taur. 1821. p. 36 ? There is a varietv with sessile flowers. Scabrous MaWow. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1798. Shrub 4 ft. 4 M. scopa'ria (Lher. stirp. t. 27.) leaves ovate, crcnately- serrated, under surface as well as branches somewhat velvety from stellate down ; flowers axillary, crowded. ?j . G. Native of Peru. Cav. diss. 2. p. 05. t. 21. f; 4. Racemes axillary. MALVACE^. II. Malva. 461 Broom Mallow. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1782. Shrub G feet. .5 M. Boubo'nica (Wilkl. enuni. 728.) leaves ovate, acute, grossly and unequally toothed, clothed vvitli starry pubescence, upper leaves cuneated at the base ; flowers axillary and in spikes at the tops of the branches, tj . S. Native of Mauritius and Bourbon. /Jo«»-6oH Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub 5 ft. G M. polysta'chya (Cav. diss. 5. 1. 138. f. 3.) leaves ovate- acuminated, serrated, scabrous ; flowers axillary, and in spikes at the tops of the branches; capsules 12, glabrous, awnless. y^ . G. Native of Peru. M. vetuUna, Desrous. in Lam. diet, enc. 3. p. 754. Many-spiked Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Shrub 4 feet. 7 M. TiMORiENSis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 430.) leaves ovate, rather cordate, toothed, and are as well as branches clothed with starry rough hairs ; flowers disposed in long cylindrical spikes ; capsules 8-12, bearded at tlie apex, awnless. Tj . S. Native of the islands of Timor and Java. Timor Mallow. Shrub 6 feet. 8 M. rudera'lis (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 647.) leaves ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, acute, grossly serrated, rather pilose above and strigose beneath, as well as the branches ; flowers axillary and glomerate at the tops of the branches ; carpels pointed at the apex, but bicuspidate at the base. Tj . S. Native of Java. Rubbish Mallow. Shrub 6 feet. 9 M. spicA~TA (Lin. spec. 967.) leaves roundish, somewhat cordate, upper surface scabrous with stellate down, under sur- face tomentose ; flowers disposed in terminal spikes ; capsules 14, glabrous, awnless. ^ . S. Native of Jamaica. Cav. diss. 2. t. 20. f. 4. M. sublobata, Desr. in Lam. diet. ency. — Sloane, hist. 1 . p. 2 1 9. Lower flowers axillary, solitary. S;j;A-(?rf-flowered Mallow. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 172G. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 10 M. ovA^TA (Cav. diss. 2. p. 80. t. 20. f. 2.) shrubby ; leaves dentately serrated, cuneate-lanceolate, pubescent on both sur- faces : flowers disposed in oblong, terminal spikes ; carpels 10, awnless. Pj . S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Ouaif-spiked Mallow. Shrub 3 to G feet. 11 M. suBiiASTATA (Cav. diss. 2. p. 72. t. 21. f. 3.) leaves ovate, acuminate, somewhat hastate, obsoletely 3-lobed, grossly toothed, and are as well as branches hairy ; peduncles solitary, axillary, length of footstalks. ^ . S. Native of Brazil and Peru. Subhastate-]eaved Mallow. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 12 M. TOMENTo'sA (Lin. spec. 967.) leaves cordate, crenated, obtuse, and are as well as branches tomentose ; flowers lateral, crowded. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. — Pluk. amalt. t. 356. f. 1.? Tomentose Mallow. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1820, Sh. 3 feet. 13 M. Waltherifo'lia (Link. enum. 2. p. 209.) leaves some- what cordate, acute, toothed, \mder surface tomentose ; flowers sessile ; lobes of calyx ovate ; leaflets of involucrum very nar- row. If.. S. Native of Java. Leaves hoary on the under surface. Corolla larger than the calyx. JVallheria-leaved MaWow. Clt. 1824. PI. U foot. 14 M. TRACHELiiFo'nA (Link. enum. 2. p. 209.) leaves cor- date, acuminated, serrated, scabrous, lower ones lobed ; pedun- cles axillary ; flowers capitate. 0. H. Native of? Leaves on long footstalks. Calyx hairy. Corolla larger than the calyx. Throat-ivort-leaved Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. li foot. 15 M. Gange'tica (Lin. spec. 967.) leaves cordate, obtuse, glabrous ; flowers sessile, glomerate ; carpels 1 0, awnless, cre- nulated. ©. H. Native of the East Indies. — Pluk, pliyt. t. 74. f. 6. Allied to M. tricuspidata. Gangelic Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 to 2 ft. IG M. Dominue'nsis (Spreng. in herb. Balb. D. C. prod. 1. p. 431.) plant dwarf; leaves ovate, toothed, adult ones smooth- ish, yonnger ones, footstalks, and branchlets pilose ; flowers axillary, solitary, on siiort pedicels ; carpels hispid, tricuspi- date. If. S. Native of St. Domingo. 67. Domingo M.allow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 foot. 17 M. suBTRiLOBA (Lag. uov. gen. et spec. 21.) leaves cor- date, angularly-subhastate, crenated ; peduncles axillary, very short, 3 or many-flowered ; carpels 8 or 9, very smooth, awn- less. Ij . G. Native of New Spain. Allied to M. sinciila and M. scojiaria. Sub-three-lobed-\ea\ei Mallow. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. § 2. Cijmbalarice (from Kvfifir], kijmbc, a boat ; in allusion to the round concave leaves.) D. C. prod. 1.2^.431. Flowers pur- ple or white. Pedicels axillary, \-Jlowered, solitary. Outer calyx 3-leaved. Leaves roundish. Stems herbaceous. 18 M. LEPRosA (Ort. dec. 8. p. 95.) leaves kidney-shaped, broadly crenated, and are as well as branches leprously white ; stems prostrate ; peduncles longer than the footstalks. 7/ . S. Native of Cuba. Flowers purple. Le2> rous MaWov,-. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1815. PI. prostrate. 19 M. Siierardia'na (Lin. spec. 1675.) leaves orbicular, cordate, velvety-tonientose, crenated ; stems prostrate ; pedicels arched, longer than the footstalks. % . H. Native of Bithynia. Cav. diss. 2. t. 26. f. 4.— Till. pis. 108. t. 35. f. 2.— Buxb. cent. app. 46. f. 32. Flowers small, red. Sherard's Mallow. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. PI. prostrate. 20 M. CYMBALARivEFouA (Desrous. in Lam. diet. enc. 3. p. 753.) leaves cordate, roundish, obsoletely 5-lobed, crenated, rather glabrous ; stem decumbent ? rather villous ; pedicels longer than the footstalks. — Native of? Flowers white or red. Boat-leaved Mallow. PL decumbent. 21 M. Cre'tica (Cav. diss. 5. t. 138. f. 2.) leaves cordate, roundish, 5-angled, crenated, villous ; pedicels longer than the footstalks; stem erect. 0. H. Native of Crete. Flowers purple and white. The whole plant is villous. CVe/a« Mallow. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1825. PI. 1 foot. § 3. BibructeolatcB (from bis, twice, and bractea, a bractea ; in allusion to 2-leaved involucrum,) D. C. prod. 1. p. 431. Flowers purple or white. Outer calyx of two leaves. Pedicels axillary, l-Jlowered. Stems herbaceous. 22 M. Hispa'nica (Lin. spec. 970.) leaves semi-orbicular, crenated, upper ones somewhat rhomboidal ; stems erect, hairy. 0. H. Native of Spain and Mauritania. Desf. atl. 2. t. 170. Corolla large, flesh-coloured. The whole plant is hairy. Far. fi, spithamca (Cav. diss. 2. t. 18. f. 3.) leaves small, roundish, crenulated. Spanish MaWow. Fl. July. Clt. 1710. PI. 1 foot. 23 M. stipula'cea (Cav. diss. 2. t. 15. f. 2.) lower leaves 3- lobed, very entire, upper ones multifid ; segments tritid, and toothed at the apex ; stipulas lanceolate, longer than the foot- stalks. 0. H. Native of Spain. — Asso, arrag. t. 5. f. 1. Flowers purple. Stems declinate. Large stipuled Mallow. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1815. PL U ft. 24 M. cuNEiFOLiA (Cav. diss. 2. t. 20. f. 1.) leaves obovately- cuneiform, repand, truncate at the apex, villous ; pedicels longer than the footstalks. 0 ? H. Native of? Flowers purple. Wedge-leaved Mallow. PI. 1 foot. 25 M. PAPA vER (Cav. diss. 2. t. 15. f. 3.) leaves 3 or 5- parted ; segments entire, linear, ciliated. 0 ? H. Native of Portugal. Flowers almost like those oi Papacer Rhce''s. Poppy-ftowered Mallow. PI. 1 foot. 26 M. iEoY'pTiA (Lin. spec. 971.) leaves 3-parted ; segments 462 MALVACE.«. II. Maiva. qiiinquifid, tootlied at tlie apex ; stems erect ; corolla a little smaller than the calyx. ©. H. Native of Egypt, Mauritania, and .'^pain. Cav. diss. 2. t. 17. f. 1. M. diphylla, .Mccncb. Flowers pale-blue or purple. yi,'^»//;/ran Mallow. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1739. PI. 1 foot. 27 JI. tri'kida (Cav. diss. 5. t. 137. f. 2.) leaves 3-parted ; segments trifid, linear, obtuse ; stems erect ; corolla longer th-in the ciliated calyx. ©. H. Native of Spain. Flowers purple. Trifd-leaxed Mallow. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1815. PI. i to 1 ft. §4. B'isviakce (meaning unknown). Medik. D C. prod. 1. ]i. 432. Floners purple or nhite. Pedicels axillary, solitary, l-Jlowered. Involucrimi 3-leaved. Leaves many-parted. Stems herbaceous. 28 M. Tournefortia'na (Lin. spec. 971.) leaves many- l)arted ; lobes trifid, linear ; stems decumbent ; hairs almost wanting or in starry fascicles. Q.H. Native of Provence and Spain by the sea-side. Cav. diss. 2. t. 17. f. 3. M. maritima, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 140. Stems prostrate, and much branched at the base. Flowers purple. I'ar. ft, ciliala (Uufour, in litt.) stem erect, rather dwarf. O. H. Native of Spain. Tounief^rt' s yiaWow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. ^ ft. 29 M. Alce'a (Lin. spec. 971.) lower leaves angular, upper ones 5-parted, cut ; stems and calyxes roughish-velvety from stellate down. Tf.. H. Native of many parts of Europe, par- ticularly Franco and Germany. Cav. diss. 2. t. 17. f. 2. Sims, ■bot. mag. t. 2197. — Blaekw.'t. 809. Flowers pale purple. .,^/ccfl or Vervain Mallow. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1797. PI. 4 feet. 30 M. More'xi (Poll, vcron. 1816.) lower leaves 5-lobed, upper ones palniately 5-cleft, with the lobes toothed ; stems and calyxes roughish-velvety, with stellate hairs. 1/ . H. Native of Italy. M. alceoides. Ten. cat. 1819. p. 55. Hook, bot. mag. 2793. Flowers red, disposed in terminal corymbs. Moreni's MaUow. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1820. PI. 2-3 feet. 31 .M. Ita'lica (Poll. pi. veron. 181G.) stems erect, hairy; lower leaves somewhat kidney-shaped, 5-lobe(l, upper ones 5- parted, all toothed and rougliish. 11. H. Native of. Italy. Flowers purple. //nZ/Vin Mallow. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1829. PL 3 feet. 32 M. moscha'ta (Lin. spec. 971.) lower leaves kidney- shaped, cut, cauline ones with 5-deeply pinnatifid, jagged seg- ments ; stems and calyxes scabrous from simple hairs. 7/ . H. Native of many parts of Europe. In Britain in grassy borders of fields, and by way sides on a gravelly soil. Smith, eng. bot. 754. Curt. lond. 4. t. 50. Fl. dan. 907. Cav. diss. 2. t. 18. f. 1. Flowers rose-coloured. I'ar. ji, Idciiiidia (Dcsrous. in diet. enc. 3. p. 750.) lower leaves as well as upper ones deeply divided into 5 pinnatifid, jagged segments. — Moris, ox. sect. 5. t. 18. f. 4. M. tenuifolia, Sav. cent. p. 122. M. moschata /3, undulata, Sims, bot. mag. 2298. F^lowers white. The musky scent of these two plants undoidjtedly proceeds from the herbage, not from the flowers. il/H.i/.-scented Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 1 to 1 J ft. 33 M. rvRi'URA'TA (Lindl. bot. reg. 13C2.) plant pubescent, ascending ; lower leaves 5-cleft, upper ones trifid ; segments usually trifid, lobes forked, obtuse ; peduncles solitary, axil- lary, longer than the petioles. 2/. F. Native of Chili in the Cumbrc, a pass in the Andes. Petals purplish. An elegant ascending plant with fine leaves. Pur;)/iWi-flowered Mallow. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825. PI. prostrate. 3t M. ALTH^oiDEs (Cav. diss. 2. t. 135.) leaves palmate; lobes lanceolate, toothed; hairs simple; pedicels longer than the leaves; sepals acuminated. ©. II. Native of Spain. Stems prostrate, hairy. Flowers large, whitish-rose-coloured. far. /3, hirsuta (Ten. prod. 40.) lower leaves roundish-cor- date, 7-lobcd, the rest 5-parled. Q. H. Native of Sicily. Stems prostrate. Flowers large, rose-coloured. ^lth(ea-likv M.1II0W. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. trailing. 35 M. fastigia'ta (Cav. diss. 2. t. 23. f. 2.) leaves cordate, 5-lobed, acuminated, unequally toothed, with the middle lobe longer, and are as well as the erect stem tomentose from stellate tonientum ; pedicels axillary, approximating into a terminal co- rymb. Q.H. Native of the mountains of Auvergne. Flowers large, rose-coloured. D. C. fl. fr. no. 4510. Var. li, lobata (Cav. diss. 2. t. 18. f. 4.) leaves somewhat cor- date, crenated ; flowers somewhat spiked. Q.H. Native of Spain. Petals large, purplish. Leaves 5-lobed. I'ar. y, Alhulensis (Cav. diss. 2. t. 34. f. 3.) upper leaves cuneiform at the base. 0. 11. Native of Spain. frtiVi^ja/e-flowcred Mallow. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 3C M. RiBiFoLiA (Viv. fl. cors. app. in Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 50C.) stems erect, rough from simple and stellate hairs ; lower leaves cordate, 5-lobed, upper ones 5-eleft, and palniately lobed, beset with stellate pubescence beneath; peduncles soli- tary, longer than the leaves ; petals 3 times higher than the calyx. 1/ . H. Native of Corsica. Gooseberry-leaved Mallow. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 37 M. circina'ta (Viv. fl. cors. app. in Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 506.) stem erect, with a few scattered hairs ; leaves cor- date, crenulated, lower ones kidney -shaped, upper ones circin- ate, 6 -lobed ; petioles hispid above; peduncles solitary, 1- flowered, not half so long as the petioles ; outer leaflets of the calyx oblong, inner ones ovate, acute, 4 times shorter than the corolla. ©. H. Native of Corsica. Like iM. A icceinsis. Circtnate-\ea\ed Mallow. PI. 1 foot. § 5. Fasciculiilee, D. C. prod. I. p. 432. Flowers purple or white. Leaves angular, cordate, 5-nerved. Pedicels axillary, nu- merous, I'Jlowered. Outer calyx S-leaved. Stems herbaceous. 38 M. to.mente'lla (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 257.) plant covered with stellate tomentum ; stem prostrate ; leaves orbicular, cordate, obtuse, 5-angled, toothed ; peduncles shorter than the petioles. © ? H. Native of Sicily. Flowers red. »S'M6-/o»ie«/oit Mallow. Fl. June, Jidy. PI. prostrate. 39 M. Mauritia'na (Lin. spec. 970.) stem erect ; leaves 5- lobed, obtuse ; pedicels and footstalks snioothish. ©. H. Na- tive of Italy, Spain, and Portugal. Cav. diss. 2. t. 25. f. 2. M. obtiisa, Mocneh. Flowers deep purple. I ar. /3, Sinensis (Cav. diss. 2. t. 25. f. 4.) stem reclinate, very smooth. M. glabra, Desrous. in diet. enc. 3. p. 752. Flowers purple. Mauritanian Mallow. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1768. PI. 4 to 6 ft. 40 M. sylve'stris (Lin. spec. 969.) stem erect ; leaves 5-7- lobed, acute ; pedicels as well as footstalks pilose. ^ . H. Native of most parts of Europe about hedges, road sides, and in cultivated as well as in waste ground. Common in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 671. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 2. t. 51. Woodv. t. 54. Fl. dan. t. 1223. Cav. diss. 2. t. 26. f. 2. M. vulgaris. Ten. prod. fl. neap. I'lowers purple, veiny. The whole plant, but especially the root, yields in decoction a plentiful, tasteless, colourless mucilage, very salutary in cases of internal irritation. Decoctions of the leaves are sometimes employed in dysenteries, heat, and sharpness of \irine, and in general for obstructing acri- monious humours ; but their principal use is in emollient glys- ters, cataplasms, and fomentations. f'ar. ji. albijtbra (D. C. prod. 1. p. 432.) lobes of leaves blunter; flowers white. M. venata, Hortul. MALVACE^. II. Malva. 463 Jf'ild or Common Mallow. Fl. May, Aug. Britain. PI. 1 to 4 feet. 41 M. RoDi'cii (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 89.) stem dif- fuse, smooth and suftruticose at the base ; leaves semi-orbicular, 5-lobed, crenate, smooth ; peduncles tern, axillary ; sepals ciliated ; capsules tomentose. Tf.'i H, Native of Saxony. Flowers purplish. Rodlges Mallow. PI. 1 to 2 feet ? 42 M. Henni'ngii (Goldb. in act. mosc. 5. p. 133.) stem dif- fuse ; leaves somewhat kidney-shaped, very bluntly 7-lobed ; pedicels and petioles smoothish ; petals not exceeding the calyx ; carpels wrinkled. Ij.. H. Native about Moscow, frequent. Petals white, tipped with red. Henninges Mallow. Fl.June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot. 43 M. ROTUNDiFOLiA (Lin. spec. 969.) stems prostrate ; leaves cordate, orbicular, very bluntly 5-7-lobed ; fructiferous pedicels bent downwards, and are pubescent as well as footstalks ; corolla twice the size of the calyx. ©. H. Native of most parts of Europe in waste ground, and by way sides in towns or villages, frequent; common in Britain. Smith, engl. hot. t. 1092. Curt, lond. fasc. 3. t. 43. Fl. dan. t. 721. Cav. diss. 2. t. 26. f. 3. Flowers pale lilac-coloured ; but that said to be a native in cul- tivated grounds from Pennsylvania to Carolina has white flowers. I'ar. p.jiusilla (Smith, engl. bot. t. 241.) petals hardly larger than the calyx. M. parviflora, Huds. angl. 307. but not of Lin. Flowers paler than in var. a. Native of England, near Hythe in Kent. M. borealis, Liljeb. yar. y, crendta (Kit. in lilt.) petals hardly larger than the c.ilyx ; leaves undivided, crenate-serrated. ©. H. Native of Hungary in ground impregnated with salt. Flowers lilac. Per- haps a proper species. Round-leaved Mallow. Fl. June, Sept. Britain. PI. pros- trate. 44 M. NODOSA (Wahl. in isis. 1828. vol. 21. p. 971.) pilose; stem prostrate ; leaves 5-7-lobed, acutish, toothed ; peduncles solitary or twin ; carpels knotted, and are as well as the column hairy. O. H. Native of Turkey about Constantinople. Flowers like those of M. rolund'ijblia, but the fruit is double the size, with very prominent knots in the middle. A'no»(?(/-carpelled Mallow. Fl. June, July. PI. prostrate. 45 M. arve'nsis (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 90.) stem prostrate ; leaves cordately-orbicular, angularly-lobed ; pedun- cles axillary, aggregate ; corolla twice the length of the ciliated calyx ; capsules wrinkled, pubescent. ©. H. Native of Sicily. Coni-fe/d Mallow. PI. prostrate. . 46 M. Brasilie'nsis (Desrous. in diet. enc. 3. p. 744.) stems diffuse ; leaves orbicular, cordate, 7-lobed, soft, villous ; lobes acutish; flowers aggregate, stalked; leaflets of involucel seta- ceous. 0. H. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Flowers purplish. Brazilian Mallow. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. | foot. 47 M. NiC/Ee'nsis (All. ped. no. 1416.) stems prostrate ; leaves angular, 5-lobed, acute ; pedicels 3-4, erect, 4 times shorter than the footstalks ; calyxes pilose, shorter than the corolla. ©. H. Native by road sides about Nice and in Spain. Cav. diss. 2. t. 25. f. 1. Flowers white, purplish at the top. far. (3, montana (Forsk. deser. 124.) leaves soft, villous. ©. H. Native of Egypt. Mce Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. PI. prostrate. 48 M. microca'ri-a (Desf. cat. hort. par.) stem erect ; leaves cordate, roundish, somewhat 5-lobed, crenated, glabrous ; pedi- cels generally in pairs, shorter than the footstalks ; corolla ex- ceeding the calyx a little. ©. H. Native of Egypt. Pers. ench. 2. p. 251. A small plant, with purplish flowers. Small-fruited ^laWow. Fl.Ju. Sept. Clt. 1823. PI. i to 1 ft. 49 M. iiirsu'ta (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 257.) stem erect, branched, very hairy ; leaves orbicularly-cordate, denticulated, tomentose on both surfaces, lower ones somcvvhat angular, upper ones 5-lobed, obtuse ; peduncles 4 together, hairy, erectly-spreading, 3-limes shorter than the petioles ; cap- sules wrinkled, tomentose. ©. H. Native of Sicily. Hairy MMow. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 50 M. BivoNiANA (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. p. 257.) plant covered with stellate pubescence ; stem erect ; leaves cordately- orbicular, bluntly angled ; pedimcles aggregate, very short, pu- bescent, bent ; capsules tomentose. © ? H. Native of Sicily. Bivoni's Mallow. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 51 M. PARVIFLORA (Lin. amocn. 3. p. 416.) stem spreading ; leaves roundish, bluntly angular, crenated, smoothish ; flowers axillary, almost sessile, glomerate ; corolla hardly longer tluan the calyx. ©. H. Native of the south of France and JIauritania. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 39. Cav. diss. 2. p. G8. t. 20. f 1. — Pluk. phyt. 44. f. 2. Flowers small, reddish. Carpels wrinkled above, with toothed margins. Small-Jlowered Mallow. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1779. PI. decumbent, 2 feet long. 52 M. verticilla'ta (Lin. spec. 970.) stem erect; leaves cordate, ratlier orbicular, bluntly angidar ; flowers axillary, glomerate, sessile ; calyxes scabrous, rather inflated ; carpels smoothish. ©.H. Native of China. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 40. Cav. diss. 2. t. 25. f 3. M. glomerata, Hortid. Flowers small, white, but purplish at the tip, almost sessile. /r//0)/f(Z-flowered Mallow. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1683. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 53 M. chine'nsis (Mill. diet. no. 5.) stem erect, herbaceous ; leaves somewhat orbicidar, obsoletely 5-lobed ; flowers crowded, sessile. 0. H. Native of China. Perhaps M. verticilldta. Flowers reddish or white, tipped with red. C/iinese Mallow. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. ? PI. 1 to 2 feet. 54 M. Mareo'tica (Delil. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 433.) stem erect ; leaves half round, 5-nerved, crenated, upper ones slightly lobed ; flowers somewhat aggregated into a terminal head, almost sessile ; calyxes inflated, 5-cleft ; lobes broadish, mucronate, entire; carpels reticulated, pubescent. ©. H. Native of Egypt. Flowers pvirphsh ? Mareotic Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1832. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 55 M. TRioNofDES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 433.) stem erect; leaves half-round, 5-nerved, crenate-toothed, upper ones slightly lobed ; flowers almost sessile, approximating into a terminal head ; calyxes inflated, 5-cleft; lobes lanceolate, acuminate, ciliary-serrated ; carpels very hairy. ©. H. Native ? Leaflets of involucel setaceous. Trionum-likc Mallow. PL J to 1 foot. 56 M. cri'spa (Lin. spec. 970.) stem erect ; leaves angular, toothed, curled, glabrous; flowers axillary, sessile. ©. H. Native of Syria. Cav. diss. 2. t. 23. f. 1. Flowers white, but pale-purple at the tip, almost sessile. C«We(Z-leaved Mallow. FL June, Aug. Clt. 1573. PL 2 to 6 feet. 57 M. FiEXUosA (Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 655.) stems pros- trate, flexuous ; leaves cordate, orbicular, 7-lobed, crenated ; flowers axillary, sessile, few. ©. H. Native of.' Flowers white, purple at the tip, almost sessile. Flexuous-s,iemmcA Mallow. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PL prostrate. 58 M. Geranioi' DEs (Schlecht, et Cham, in Linnsea. 5. p. 226.) herbaceous ; stems diffuse, canescently-tomentose from fascicles of lono- hairs ; leaves triangular, trifid, beset with simple hairs above, middle-lobe 3-5-lobed, lateral ones 2-lobed ; calyx closed ; clusters of flowers stalked. ©. H. Native of Mexico. Geranium-like Mallow. Fl. June, July. PL diffuse. 4J»dft 464 MALVACE/E. II. Malva. 59 M. tene'lla (Cav. icon. 5. t. 422. f. 3.) stem trailing; le.'ives 3-lobed, crenated ; flowers axillary, sessile, ajigrc^ate ; corolla liardly larger than the calyx. ©. H. Native of Chili on the Cordilleras. Flowers pale-blue. A small plant. tl'cak .Mallow. Fl. June, Aug. P). trailing. (iU M. Uonarie'nsis (Cav. diss. 2. t. 22. f. 1.) stem erect, lomcntosc, branched ; leaves 3-lobed ; lobes unequally erenate- toothed ; flowers glomerate, axillary, nearly sessile, small. ©. H. Native of Buenos Ayres in the fields. I'lowers white or red. Buenos Ayrean Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 ft. ^ 6. Captnses, D. C. prod. 1. p. 433. Floncrs piirjilisli or white. Leaves angularly lohed. Stems shrubby. Outer calyx or involucel 3-teaved. Pedicels solitary, 1 -/lowered, rarely in twos or threes, or 2-3-Jlr,n-ered. — A\ B. Many of the species of this section are probably varieties or hybrids originated by cul- ture. All natives of the Cajie of Good Hope. CI M. amce'na (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1998.) pedicels 1 -flowered, aggregate, shorter than the leaves ; leaflets of outer calyx ovate, acuminated; leaves 5-lobed, j>ilose, wrinkled. Ij . G. Flowers purple. This is an elegant pLint. /Vifrnw^r Mallow. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1796. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 62 M. virga'ta (Cav. diss. 2. p. 70. t. 18. f. 2.) pedicels 1- flowered, solitary or in pairs, longer than the footstalks ; leaflets of outer calyx linear ; leaves ."-lobed, crenated, glabrous, rigid. *?. G. Murr. in conim. goct. 1779. p. 20. t. 6. M. Capensis, Lin. spec. 9(i8. Flowers purple, with darker stripes. Twiggy Mallow. Fl. Mav, Julv. Clt. 1727. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 63 M. Cape'nsis (Cav. diss, p.' 71. t. 24. f. 3.) pedicels 1- flowered, solitary or in pairs, longer than the footstalks ; leaflets of outer calyx ovate-lanceolate; leaves 5-lobed and 3-lobed, crcnate-todlhcd, clammy. \i . G. Kcr, bot. reg. 295. M. biflor.i, Desrous. in diet. enc. 3. p. 717. Flowers red and white. No. 342!) of ISurch. cat. is perhaps diflercnt from this. C'a;?c Mallow. Fl. year. Clt. 1713. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 64 M. Balsa'mica (Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 140.) pedicels 1- flowered, solitary, longer than the footstalks; leaflets of outer calyx obioiig-lincar ; leaves ovate, slightly 3-lobed, acute, un- equally toothed. Ij . G. Flowers pink. Balsamic Mallow. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub 4 ft. 65 -M. Oxycantiioi'des (Horn. hafn. 2. p. 654.) pedicels solitary, longer than the petioles ; leaves glabrous, cuneiform, ))rofoundly 3-lobed, deeply serrated, intermediate lobe largish, f^ . G. Flowers white or red. //awthorn-li/ie MMow. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. 4 ft. 66 M. RLGosA (Desrous. in diet. enc. 3. p. 747.) pedicels 1- llowercd, solitary, longer than the petioles ; leaflets of outer calyx ovate, acute ; leaves somewhat cordate, pinnatifidly-sinuat- ed, wrinkled. Ij . G. Flowers purple. Wrinkled Mallow. Fl. May, Sep. Shrub 4 feet. 67 M. tridactyli'tes (Cav. diss. 2. p. 73. t. 21. f. 2.) pedi- cels solitary, 1 -flowered, length of leaves ; leaves almost sessile, cuneiform, trifid, entire. h^ . G. M. reflexa, Andr. rep. t. 135. Leaflets of outer calyx linear. Flowers pink. ThrecfingeredAcsiscA Mallow. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1791. Shrub 3 feet. 68 M. divarica'ta (Andr. bot. rep. t. 182.) pedicels solitary, longer than the petioles ; leaves lobed, plaited, toothed, sca- brous ; branches and branchlets divaricating, flexuous. I; . G. I'lowers white, lined with red at the base. Involucel linear. /Jir«ri(Y/?t-branched Mallow. Fl. June, Sep. Clt. 1792. Shrub 3 feet. 69 M. RETu'sA (C.1V. diss. 2. t. 21. f. 1.) pedicels solitary, longer than the petioles ; leaflets of outer calyx lanceolate ; leaves oblong, very blunt, S-lobed, toothed, villous. h . G. M. triloba, Thunb. ])rod. 118. I'lowers vellow or pink. yfWuic-leaved Mallow. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1803. Shrub 4 feet. 70 M. caltci'na (Cav. diss. 2. p. 81. t. 22. f. 4.) pedicels solitary, 1 -flowered, twice as long as the leaves ; leaflets of outer calyx ovate, acute, large ; leaves cordate, crenated, clothed with rough hairs. H . G. Ker. bot. reg. 297. Flowers pale red. J.arge-ealyxed Mallow. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1812. Sh. 4 ft. 71 M. FRA GRANS (Jacq. liort. vind. 3. t. 33.) pedicels 1- flowered, solitary, length of petioles ; leaflets of outer calyx lanceolate ; leaves cordate, 5-lobed, toothed ; branches red, clammy. 1;. G. Cav. diss. 2. p. 72. t. 23. f. 3. Ker. bot. reg. 296. M. scabrosa, Lin. amoen. acad. 4. p. 343. Flowers red. /"rflijrww^ Mallow. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1759. Shrub 6 ft. 72 M. STRi'cTA (Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 3. p. 294.) pedicels soli- tary, 1 -flowered, length of petioles ; leaflets of outer calyx rather linear ; leaves ovate, slightly 3-lobed, toothed, hairy. Ij . G. Corolla white, veined with red at the base. Straight MMow. Fl. .May, Aug. Clt. 1805. Shrub 6 feet. 73 M. Bryonifolia (Lin. spec. 968.) pedicels solitary, 1 or 2-flowcred, shorter than the petioles; leaves cordate, slightly 5-lobed, blunt, clothed with very rough starry hairs. 1; . G. M. reflexa, Wendl. hort. herrenh. 1. t. 4. M. stell^ta, Thunb. prod. 119.? Flowers pur])le or red ? Bryony-lcaved MaWow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. Sh. 4 ft. 74 M. grossulaki;1;fo"lia (Cav. diss. 2. p. 71. t. 24. f. 2.) pedicels solitary, 1 or 3-flowered, longer than the petioles ; leaflets of outer calyx oblong-linear ; leaves sinuately-lobed, serrated, rough, and are as well as branches hairy. H . G. Ker. bot. . reg! 561.— Dill. elth. 209. t. 169. f. 207. Flowers red, with j( darker veins and white claws. Gousebcrry-leaved '^laWow. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1732. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 75 M. aspe'rrima (Jacq. hort. Schoenbr. 2. 1. 139.) pedicels 1 or 2-flowered, solitary, rather longer than the petioles ; leaflets of outer calyx linear ; leaves 5-lobed, obtuse-toothed, very rough ; terminal lobe elongated. 1; • G. Flowers white with a red base. The whole plant is rough from stellate hairs. Very rough MiiWow. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1796. Shrub 5 ft. §7. Multiflora. /). C. jjrorf. 1. p. 434. Flowers 2'urple or tvhite. Peduncles axillary, many-jlowered. Outer calyx 3- leaved. Leaves angular. 76 M. la'ctea (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 448.) shrubby; leaves angular, acute, cordate, villous; petals obcordate, rather shorter than the calyx ; peduncles panicled. Jj . G. Native of Mexico. M. vitifolia, Cav. icon. 1. t. 30. Flowers milk-white. A//7/.V/- flowered .Mallow. Fl. Jan. Feb. Clt. 1780. Sh. 4 ft. 77 M. capita" TA (Cav. diss. 5. t. 137. f. 1.) shrubby; leaves 5-lobcd ; lobes pinnatifidly-jagged, toothed, intermediate one elongated ; peduncles capitate, corymbose. I; . G. Native of Peru. Flowers pale violet-coloured with white claws. Capitatc-ftowcrci] Mallow. Shrub 6 feet. 78 M. MiNiA TA (Cav. icon. 3. t. 278.) stems fruticulosc, erect ; leaves ovate, 3-lobed, toothed, tomentose ; peduncles axillary, racemose, few-flowered, but sometimes only 1 -flowered. I;.G. Native of ? Flowers vermilion. /(•rm/V/'on- flowered Mallow. Fl. May, July, Clt. 1798. PI. 1 foot. 79 M. Munroa'na (Dougl. in bot. reg. 1306.) plant clothed with white tomentum ; stems ascending ; leaves roundish, cor- date, somewhat 5-l()bed, crenate ; involucel setaceous ; peduncles axillary and terminal, jjanided, 3-5-flowered. l/.H. Native of North AniericT on tlie barren plains of the Columbia. Flowers elegant, of a vermilion colour. MALVACEAE. II. Malva. III. Sph.eralcea. IV. Modiola. 4G5 Munro's Mallow. Fl. May, Oct. CIt. 18 27. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 80 M. ? opEiuuLATA (Cav. diss. 2. t. ,'i.). f. 1.) shrubby, tonientose ; leavis angular, 5-lobeil ; intermediate lolic largest ; peduncles axillary, racemose ; flowers leaning to one side ; carpsule operculate. fj . G. Native of Peru in sandy places. Flowers i)ale purple. Z/(/(/f (/-capsuled Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1795. Sh. 3 ft. 81 M. Pkruvia'na (Lin. spec. 9G8.) plant herbaceous, erect; leaves palmatifid ; spikes axillary ; flowers leaning to one side ; carpels denticulated ©. H. Native of Peru. Jacq. hort. vind. t. I5(i. Cav. diss. 2. p. G8. t. 19. f. 1. M. exasperata, Moench. Corolla small, violet. Peruvian MaWow. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1759. PL l feet. 82 M. Lime'nsis (Lin. spec. 968.) plant herbaceous, erect ; leaves 7-lobed, wrinkled ; spikes axillary ; flowers leaning to one side ; carpels smooth. ©. H. Native of Peru at Lima. Jacq. hort. vind. t. HI. Cav. diss. 2. p. 69. t. 19. f. 2. M. Icfi'vis, Moench. Corolla blue. Lima Mallow. Fl. July. Clt. 1 768. PI. 1 to 4 feet. 8J M. acau'lis (Cav. diss. 2. p. 82. t. 35. f. 2.) plant her- baceous, stemless ; leaves all radical, angular, toothed ; teeth with two bristles ; peduncles rising from the root, many-flowered, ■y. . G. Native of Peru on the Andes. Flowers yellowish. Steinless Mallow. PI. ^ foot. Sect. II. Mala'chia (fia\axv> malache, a mallow). D. C. prod. 1. p. 435. Involucel or outer calyx 5 or 6 -leaved ; leaflets linear. Carpels 5, 1 -seeded, distinct, indehiscent. 84 M. HiBisciFOLiA (Desrous. in diet. enc. 3. p. 748.) leaves ovate, acuminated, somewhat angular, serrated, soft, villous ; pedicels a little shorter than the petioles ; involucel 5-leaved. 1; . S. Native of Bourbon. Flowers red. Hibiscus-leaved Ma\lov/. Shrub 6 feet? 85 M. Borya'na (D. C. prod. 1. p. 435.) leaves 5-angled, toothed, acute, pubescent ; pedicels very short ; involucel 6- leaved. Tj ? S. Native of Bourbon. Lobes of calyx 3-nerved nt the base. Flowers not seen, but they are probably red. Bory's Mallow. Shrub. "t" SjJecies not sufficiently known. 86 M. ORIENTA LIS (Mill. diet. no. 3.) stem erect, herbaceous ; leaves lobed, obtuse, crenated. ©. H. Native of the Levant. Flowers large, beautiful red. Eastern Mallow. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. ? PI. 1 to 2 feet. Cult. The stove species of Mallow will succeed in any kind of rich soil, and cuttings of them will strike root freely if planted in light soil with a hand-glass placed over them. The green- house species will grow in the same kind of soil as the stove species, and are propagated in the same manner ; most of them are worth cultivating for ornament, but particularly those be- longing to the section Capenscs. The hardy perennial species should be planted in the open border, and they may either be en- creased by dividing the plants at the root or by seed. The most ornamental species are M. moschala, Morenii alcca, Munroona, and jmrpurata. The annual species only require to be sown in the open ground, but none of them are worth cultivating, unless in general collections, except M. Mauritdnica, trimestris, and Limensis. III. SPH/ERA LCEA (from t7(j>atpa, sphaira, a globe, and Alcea, Marsh-Mallow ; in allusion to the disposition of the car- pels.) St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 209. Malva, sect. iii. Sphasroma, D. C. prod. 1. p. 435. LiN. svsT. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx 5-cleft, girded by a shorter deciduous 3-leaved involucel. Carpels many, separable, verticillate, 2-3-seeded, opening by 2 little valves on VOL. I. P.^RT v. tiie back, disposed into a globular head. Seeds kidney-shaped. Trees or shrubs, with toothed or 3-5-lobcd leaves. Peduncles axillary at the tops of the branches, 1 -flowered or umbel- lately, or racemosely 2-many-flowered. I'lowers reddish or flesh- coloured. This genus has lately lieen divided from Malva by M. Augu^te St. Hilaire; we shall therefore retain the authorities for the species under that genus. 1 S. Cisplati'na (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 210.) stem shrubby, slender ; leaves ovate, somewhat 3-lobed, toothed or crenate, tomentose beneath ; flowers axillary, racemose, secund ; leaflets of involucel setaceous. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the pro- vince of Cisplatine, where the plant is called Maloalisco. It is employed in fomentations in diseases of the cliest. Far. fl, quercijulia (St. Hil. 1. c.) stems looser ; leaves longer, blunter, cuneate at the base, and obsoletely crenated. Cisplatine Globe-Mallow. Fl. Dec. Jan. Shrub 6 feet. 2 S. l'mbella'ta (Cav. icon. 1. t. 95.) leaves sub-peltate, 5-lobed, obtuse ; peduncles axillary, umbelliferous ; leaflets of involucel obovate, somewhat stipitate, deciduous. Ij . S. Na- tive of New Spain on the declivities of mountains. Flowers large, of fiery violet-colour. Lod. bot. cab. 222. rw/«'//rt/t'-flowered Globe-Mallow. Fl. Jan. April. Clt. 1814. Shrub 10 feet. 3 S. ROSEA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. I. p. 435.) leaves sub-peltate, 5-lobed, acute ; peduncles axillary, 1-3 -flowered ; leaflets of involucel ovate, sessile. Ij . G. Native of Mexico. Flowers rose-coloured. Leaflets of invo- lucel 3-nerved. Very like M. umbellala. Rose-coloured-fiowered Globe-Mallow. Shrub 4 feet. 4 S. ABUTiLoiDES (Lin. spec. 971.) leaves 5-angled, tomen- tose ; peduncles axillary, bifid, few-flowered ; leaflets of involu- cel oblong-linear, small ; fruit globose. i} ■ G. Native of the Bahama islands, and on the sea-coast of Carolina. Jacq. hort. Schoenbr. 3. t. 293. Sims, bot. mag. 2544. Flowers large, purple. Leaves cordate, 5-7-lobed. Ahatihn-like Globe-Mallow. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1725. Shrub 20 feet. 5 S. obtusi'loba ; plant clothed with stellate tomentum : leaves cordate, somewhat 5-lobed, crenated ; lobes very blunt ; peduncles axillary and terminal, corymbosely-racemose, many- flowered ; flowers crowded ; involucel of 3 linear leaflets ; segments of calyx ovate. ^ . G. Native of Chili in the vici- nity of Valparaiso. Malva obtusfloba. Hook. bot. mag. t. 2787. Petals obcordate, purple, w ith darkish claws. Oi'2U. St. Ilil. 11. bras. 1. p. 210. Malva, sect. 4. Modiola, D. C. prod. 1. p. •1-^5. Lin. svst. Monadilphia, Polij&ndTia. Calyx 5-eIcft, girded by a 3-lfaved involucel. Petals entire. Tube of stamens divided into fascicles at tbe apex. Styles connected at the base. Cai)Milo {girded by tiie permanent calyx. Carpels many, separable, bicuspidate, vi-rticiilatc, 2-valved, openinu inlernally. Seeds 2 in each cell. Creeping or trailing lierbs. Leaves 3-!l, but usually 5-lobed, deeply serrate. Stipulas petiolar, twin. Peduncles axillary, solitary, rarely twin, 1 -flowered, slender. Corolla vio- laceous or ri'd. This genus has been lately separated by M. Augiiste St. Ililaire from the genus Miiira , we shall, therefore, retain the authorities for the species under that genus. 1 M. Rt'iTANs(St. nil. II. bras. l.p. 212. t. 43.) stem creep- ing; leaves 5-angled, profoundly 5-7-partcd, cut; j)eduncles axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered, longer than the leaves; ovary very hairy, 14-lC-celled. ©. II. Native of Brazil in the provinces of Cisplatine and Rio Grande do Sul, on rocks. Flowers red. Cricp'iHii Modiola. PI. creeping. 2 M. Cakolini.Vna (Lin. spec. 969.) leaves many-lobed, deeply toothed ; pedicels solitary, shorter than the petioles ; IVuit crested. ©• H- Native of North America in flelds from \'irginia to Carolina. Cav. diss. 2. t. 15. — Dill, eltli. t. 4. f. 4. Schurhr. handb. 1. Flowers dark red or vermilion. Stem j)rostrate, rooting. Lower leaves undivided. Cnro//H« Modiola. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. I72.J. PI. prostrate. 3 M. uiiTiciior.iA (H. 13. et Kiuith, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 27G.) leaves roundish-ovate, acute, obsoletely cordate, deeply -serrated, somewhat 9-lobed, rather pilose ; pedicel solitary, shorter than the petioles ; flowers decandrous ; capsule of 15- hispid carjicls. 7/ . Vt. Native of South America near Santa Fe de Bogota. Flowers violet, very like those of M, Caroli- tiiaiia. A^c7//c-/fniT(/ Modiola. Fl. July, Sept. PI. prostrate. 4 M. i'rostra'ta (Cav. diss. 2. t. IC. f. 3.) leaves palmately .•)-7-lobed, deeply toothed ; pedicels solitary, rather longer than the leaves ; fruit glabrous; petals entire. ©. H. Native of lirazil at Monte Video l)y way sides. Sims, hot. mag. 2515. Flowers red. Ovary 14-l(>-celled. Prostrate Modiola. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1806. PI. prostrate. 5 M. euioca'rpa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 436.) leaves palmately 5-lobed, deeply toothed ; pedicels in pairs, length of petioles ; fruit villous. 2/ . G. Native about Buenos Ayres in the fields called the Pampas. Flowers red. ff'oolli/-J'riiilt:(t Modiola. PI. prostrate. (! M. Dtdi'.MBENS (Willd. cnum. 731.) leaves ovate, deeply toothed, somewhat lobed ; pedicels longer than the petioles; IVuit villous ; petals entire. Tf.. G. Native of South America. I'lowers red. Decumbent MotWoh. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1815. PI. decumbent. Cull. These plants will grow in any common garden-soil. They are all increased by seeds, which may be sown in the open l)order in April. The jierennial kinds will require to be shel- tered during severe weather. V. KITAIBF'LIA (in honour of Paul Kiiail)el, formerly professor of botany at Pest in Hungary, who travelled tlirough that comitry in search of plants; author of Planl.x Hariores 1 lungaria^ ,'J vol. fol. Pest, in conjunction with Waldstein.) \\ illd. nov. act. soc. n. .Scriit. berl. 2. p. 107. t. 4. f. 4. D. C. prod. 1. p. 43G. Waidst. et Kit. hung. I. p. 21). t. 31. Lin. syst. ^lotiadelphia, Polyandr'ia. Calyx 5-cleft, girded by a 7 or n-cleft involucel. Carjiels capsular, 1 -seeded, collected into a 5-lolxil head. A large strong herl), witli white flowers. 1 K. viTiKM.iA (Wiild. r. c.) 1/. II. Native of Hungary. Leaves 5-lobed, acute, toothed. Flowers axillary. 1 riHe-/(«r<(/ Kitaibelia. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1801. PI. 5 to 8 ft. Cull. This ])lant only re(|uires to be planted in the open border, and is increased by dividing at the root. VI. A LTHiE'A (from aXOw, altho, to cure ; in allusion to the well known salutary efl'ects oi .4lthedmicles axillary, many-flowered, lax, longer than the leaves. 1^. n. Native of the south of France, Italy, and Hungary, on the margins of woods. Jac((. hort. vind. t. 124. aust. t. 101. Cav. diss. 2. p. 94. t. 30. f. 1. Flowers rose-coloured. //. 471. not of Mill. I'lowers pale pin pie. Habit almost of the following section. /'n/if-O/i'y/rt Lavatera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Sh. 5 ft. Sect. II. O'lbia {L. O'lbia grows in the environs of d'llieres in Provence; in Latin called O'lbia.) Medik. malv. p. 41. D. C. prod. 1. p. 438. Ueceptacle of fruit central, conical, pro- irudii'g. 3 L. riKENi'cEA (Vent. malm. t. 120.) stem arboreous; leaves acutely 5-lol)ed, toothed, snioothisli ; peduncles solitary, 3-5- Mowered ; involucel caducous. I; . O. Native of Madeira and of Africa. Cultivated in the gardens of the Canary Islands, whence it has been introduced into Europe. L. coccinea, Dictr. Flowers large, scarlet. ,S'iY/r/t7 Lavatera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1 81 (i. Tree 10 feet. 4 L. ACElui-oLiA (Cav. el. hort. ni.idr. p. 20.) stem shrubby ; leaves acutely 5-lobeil, rather toothed, smoothish ; pedicels solitary, 1 -flowered. y . G. Native of TeueriH'e. D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 121. Lois. herb, aiuat. )>. 322. Flowers pale- lilac. Maple-leaved Lavatera. Fl. June, Jidy. Clt. 1820. Sh. 6 ft. 5 L. Jui.ll (Burch. cat. no. 26G4.) stetn shridiby ; leaves 3- 5-lobed, hoary-tomentose beneath, with obtuse lobes ; terminal lobe longest ; peduncles somewhat racemose ; involucel 3-parted. (j . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This plant shoidd perhaps have been enumerated amongst Malta. Flowers red ? Julius's Lavatera. Shrub 5 feet. G L. Hi'siMDA (Desf. all. 2. p. 118. t. 171.) stem shrubby, rough from fascicles of hairs ; leaves cancscent, 5-lobed, upper ones 3-lobcd or undivided; flowers almost sessile; involucel 3-parted, large, and very hairy. ^ . F. Native of Algiers in hedges. Flowers rose-coloured, solitary. y/zj/m/ Lavatera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1804. Shrub 8 feet. 7 L. .\fkica NA"(Cav. diss. 5.' p. 282. t. 139. f. 1.) stem shrubby, rather tomcntose from flocky down ; leaves canescent, all bluntly 5-lobed ; pedicels twin, ecpial in length to the petioles ; involucel 3-))arted, tomentose. Ij . F. Native of Spain and the north of Africa. According to Willdenow this is a variety of/,. Itispida. Flowers pale-purple. African Lavatera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 8 L. O'lbia (Lin. spec. 972.) stem shrubby, rather scabrous from distant fascicles of hairs ; leaves soft, woolly, 5-lobed, ujipcr ones 3-lobed, will) the middle lol)e elongated ; uppermost leaves oblong, almost undiv ided ; flowers solitary, sessile. H . F. Native of Provence in hedges about d'llieres. — Lob. icon. t. 653. f. 2. Flowers reddish-jjurple on short ])edicels. 0/Wrt Lavatera. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1570. Shrub C feet. 9 L. dnouicll.'v'ta (Desf. arbr. 1. p. 471.) stem shrubby, tomentose from starry down ; leaves toinentose on both surfaces, acutely 5-lobed, iq)per ones 3-lobed ; flowers solitary, on short pedicels. \^ . F. Native of the island of Samos. Very like L. Olbia, and is often found in gardens under that name. F'lowers lilac. C/aimZ-petalled L.ivatera. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1807. Sh. G ft. 10 L. mosciia'ta (Mor. clench, sard. p. 9.) plant clothed with stellate tomentum ; stem shrubby ; leaves waved, curled, with 5 obsolete, rounded lobes ; upper leaves 3-lobed ; stipulas leafy; peduncles axillary, aggregate, 1-flowercd, shorter than the pe- tioles ; involucel 3-parted. Ij . F'. Native of Sardinia. Corolla j)uiplisli. Recejjtacle conical, exserted. The whole plant smells strongly of musk. J/H.s7.;/-sceiited Lavatera. Fl. May. Shrub 4 to G feet. 1 1 L. MicANS (Lin. spec. 972.) stem shrubby ; leaves 7- angled, acute, crenated, ])hiited, tomentose ; racemes terminal, (j . F. Native of S|)ain and Portugal. — .Moris, oxon. sect. 5. t. 17. f. 9. L. bryonifolia. Mill. diet. no. 11. Leaves on the upper surface at the margins furnished xvith sulphur-coloured mici£, which glitter in the sun. Flowers purplish. (v7(//(r(«^r-leaved Lavatera. Fl. June, Jidv. Clt. 1796, Shrub 4 feet. 12 L. Lusita'nica (Lin. spec. 973.) stem shrubby ; leaves 7-angled, tomentose, plaited ; racemes terminal. •?•!■". Native of Portugal. L. uiululata. Mill. diet. no. 10. Flowers purple. Portuguese Luvalcrii. Fl. Aug. Sejit. Clt. 1748. Sli. 4 ft. 13 L. ela'va (Desf. atl. 2. p. 11!). t. 172.) stem herb.iceous, downy ; leaves rather tomentose, rouiulish, obsoletely 3-lobed ; pedicels axillary, aggregate. Q. H. Native of the north of Africa near Mascar in cultivated fields, and of Sicily. L. Agre- gentina, Tineo. pi. sic. 1. p. 13. L. Empcdoclis, Hueuch. Flowers yellow, about the size of those of L. O'lbia. J'f//i)«".flowered Lavatera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. 3 or 4 feet. MALVACE/E. VII. Lavatera. VIIl. Malaciira. 469 It L. PLEBE lA (Sims. bot. mag. t. 22()9.) stem herbaceous, scabious ; leaves 5-lobed, pubescent beneath ; peduncles axil- larv, agj^regate (or solitary ?) ; petals wedge-shaped, emarginate, acute. '2(..G. Native of New Holland. Elower lilac. FH/^ror Lavatera. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 feet. 15 L. Thubingi'aca (Lin. spec. 973.) stem herbaceous, downy ; leaves rather downy, lower ones angular, upper ones 3- 5-lobed, with the middle lobe longest ; pedicels solitary, 1 -flow- ered, longer than the petioles; petals 2-lobed. %. II. Native of Thuringia, Tartary, Sweden, Germany, &c. in hedges ; also on hills about Odessa. Jacq. fl. austr. t. 311. Curt. bot. mag. .517.— Cam. hort. 1. t. 6.— Dill. elth. 9. t. 8. f 8. Flowers large, purplish, or violet. Thuringian Lavatera. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1731. PI. 5 ft. 16 L. BIENNIS (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 113.) stem herbaceous, and is as well as the leaves downy, lower leaves roundish, lobed, floral ones 3-lobed, w ith the middle lobe lanceolate ; pedicels solitary, 1-flovvered, longer than the petioles; petals somewhat emarginate. $ . H. Native of Eastern Caucasus in fields. Flowers purplish. Like L. Jliuringlaca. Biennial Lavatera. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. 3 to 4 ft. 17 L. puncta'ta (All. auct. p. 26.) stem herbaceous, some- what scabrous from starry down ; leaves rather downy, lower ones cordate, orbicular, upper ones 3-lobed ; pedicels solitary, 1 -flowered, longer than the leaves. ©. H. Native of Pro- vence, Nice, and Italy, in cultivated fields. O'lbia deflexa, Mocnch. suppl. p. 200. Flowers pale violet. .S>o/to/-stemmed Lavatera. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1800. PI. 2 ft. 18 L. lakceola'ta (Willd. enum. 733.) stem herbaceous, with scabrous dots ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrated, clothed with starry pubescence; upper leaves very entire ; peduncles solitary, longer than the leaves. Q. H. Native of? Perhaps a variety of L. punctata. Flower pale purple. Za«ceo/a^f-leaved Lavatera. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1817. PI. a feet. Sect. III. Axo'lopha (from a^u>y,axon, an axle-tree, also a pole, and Xoipoc, lop/ws, a crest ; alluding to the receptacle or axis of fruit being expanded into a crest at tlie apex.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 439. Receptacle or axis of fruit truncate at the apex, and expanded into a crest. 19 L. mari'tima (Gouan. ill. p. 46. 1. 1 1. f. 2.) stem shrubby, downy ; leaves downy, roundish, bluntly angular, 5-lobed, cre- nated ; pedicels axillary, solitary. ^ . F. Native of the south of France and Spain, on rocks by the sea-side. Cav. diss. 2. t. 32. f. 3. L. Hispanica, Mill. diet. no. 9. L. rotundifolia, Lam. Flowers white, with purjile claws. .SVrt-«'rft' Lavatera. Fl. Apr. June. Clt. 1596. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 20 L. tri'loba (Lin. spec. 972.) stem shrubby, downy ; leaves downy, rather cordate, and somewhat 3-lobed, round, crenated ; pedicels aggregate ; sepals acuminated. ^ . F. Native of Spain. Cav. diss. 2. t. 31. f. 1. Sims, bot. mag. 2226. L. calycina, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 310. Flowers large, pale purple. 'J'hree-tobed-leaved Lavatera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. Shrub 4 feet. 21 L. subova'ta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 439.) stem suflfruticose ; leaves rather downy, ovate, notched, somewhat 3-lobed, with the middle lobe longest ; pedicels 1 or 2, axillary, length of pe- tioles ; lobes of calyx acuminated. Ij . F. Native of fields about Mogador. Flowers pale purple. SubovateAeaved Lavatera. Fl. July. Sh. 2 to 4 feet. Sect. IV. Anthe'ma (from aySefioi', a flower; on account of the axillary bundles of flowers). Med. malv. p. 42. D. C. prod. 1. p. 439. Receptacle or axis of fruit small, foveolate, not protruding, nor expanded into a crest. 22 L. arbobea (Lin. spec. 972.) stem arboreous ; leaves 7- angled, plaited, downy ; pedicels aggregate, axillary, 1 -flowered, aggregate, much shorter than the petiole. $. 11. Native of Italy, Spain, Portugal, north of Africa and Canary Islands, on rocks by the sea-side. In Britain at Hurst Castle, over against the Isle of Wight ; on Portland Island ; on Caldy Island, in Carmarthen Bay ; and on the Basse Rock, Inch-Garvy, and Mykrie-inch in the F^itli of I'orth, Scotland. In Cornwall and Devonshire. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1841. Cav. diss. 2. t. 139. f. 2. Flowers pale purple. Tree Mallow. Fl. July, Oct. Britain. PI. 6 to 10 feet. 23 L. Neapolita"na (Ten. cat. 1819. n. 125.) stem herba- ceous, scabrous, erect ; leaves roundish, with 7 nerves, and 7 very blunt crenated lobes ; pedicels axillary, aggregate ; involucel shorter than the calyx; lobes of calyx acuminated. 1/. H. Native of Naples by the sea-side. Flowers blue, with obcor- date i)ttals. Neajmlitan Lavatcni. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1818. PI. 4 to 6 ft. 24 L. Cre'tica (Lin. spec. 973.) stem herbaceous, scabrous ; leaves with 5-7 acute loljes ; pedicels axillary, I -flowered, aggre- gate, much shorter than the petioles. Q. H. Native of Crete. Cav. diss. 2. t. 32. f. 1. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 41. Flowers pale red, with emarginate petals. C';£/«« Lavatera. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1723. PI. 5 feet. 25 L. sylve'stris (Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 277.) stem herbaceous, scabrous from starry hairs ; leaves roundish, with 5-7 blunt angles, upper ones somewhat 5-lobed, acute ; pedicels aggregate, 1-flowered, shorter than the petioles ; involucel 3-parted. 0. H. Native of Portugal hy road-sides about Coimbra and elsewhere. Flowers pale-purple, with deeper coloured veins. /f7/(Z Lavatera. Fl. Jime, Jul. Clt. 1817. PI. 2 to 4 feet. 26 L. ambi'gua (D. C. prod. 1. p. 4t0.) stem herbaceous, hispid ; lower leaves with 5 angular lobes, upper ones with 3 lanceolate, acute, toothed lobes ; middle lobe longish ; ped'cels solitary, shorter than the leaves ; carpels naked. ©? Fl. Na- tive of fields about Naples. L. sylvestris. Ten. prod. p. 40. but not of Brot. Flowers purple. Jmbigiious La\ateva. Fl. Jul. Sep. Clt. 1824. PI. 2 to 3 ft. ■f- Species not sujpciently known. 27 L. ? triparti'ta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 440.) stem suflfruti- cose ; branches and leaves hoary from starry down ; leaves 3- parted, with cuneatcd lobes, which are grossly notched at the apex; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered; involucel adhering to the tube of the calyx. f; . F. Native of? Flowers purplish? Differing from all the other Malvaceous plants in the adhesion of the involucel to the calyx. Three-parted-\ea.\eA Lavatera. Shrub 4 feet. 28 L. AUSTRA LIS (Weinm. ex steud. nom.). ©. H. Native of Europe. Southern l,a.va.tcra. F"I. Jidy, Sep. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 feet. Cult. The greenhouse and frame species will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, or any light soil, and cuttings from rij)e wood planted in the same kind of soil under a hand-glass will root readily, or they may be raised from seeds, which gene- rally ripen in abundance ; they may be planted out against a south wall during summer, where many of them will survive the winter, if not severe, by being sheltered by a mat in frosty weather. I'he [lerennial herbaceous sjiecies will grow in any kind of soil, and may either be increased by dividing the plants at the root or by seeds. The annual and biennial kinds only require to be sown in the open border in the spring. All the species are liardy, and well adapted for shrubberies. The species worth cultivating for ornament are L. O'lbia, uiiguiculatii, Jlaia, Neapdlitana, Lunildnica, trimestris, 'J'liuringtaca and Cretica. VIII. MALACHRA (a name under which Pliny speaks of a Persian tree which produces a gum. The modern plant has 4T0 MALVACE^. Vin. Malaciira. IX. Urena. notliiiijj; to ilo with tlic tree of Pliny ; but the name is preserved to designate plants analogous to mallow from the similitude of the word vialuclira with tliat of vialachc, which signifies a malloiv). Lin. gen. ed. Schreb. no. 1131. Lam. ill. t. 580. D. C. prod. 1. |). 140. Lin. syst. .Monadilphia, Puhj/indria. General involucre 3 or 5-leaved, compassing the head of flowers. 'I'he proi)er invo- lucel with 8 or 12 linear or bristle-shaped leaflets. Carpels 5, capsular, 1-seeded, disposed into a round head. .Stigmas 10. 1 M. V RENs (Poit. in Schrad. journ. 2. p. 293.) leaves ovate, 5-nerved ; heads of flowers almost sessile; leaflets of involucre notched at the base. ©. S. Native of St. Domingo. Slinf^iniT j\Ldachra. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 2 ^I. uoTiNDiFOLiA (Sclirank. hort. monac. t. 56.) leaves (>rl)icidar, crenated; heads of flowers stalked, 3-leavcd and 5- llowered ; leaflets of involucruni kidney-shaped. ©. S. Na- tive of Brazil. Flowers yellow ? liound-lcavcd INLnlachra. Fl. Aug. .Sept. Clt. 1821. PI. 1 f\. 3 AL PLUMOSA (Desrous. in did. encyel. 2. p. CSO.) leaves elliptical, toothed ; heads of flowers stalked, with many leaves and many flowers; interior leaflets of involucrum feather- fringed. O? S. Native of Brazil. Sida plumosa, Cav. diss. 1. t. 12. f. t. Flowers yellowish. /•"<«//;(')-ff/-involucred Malaciira. PI. 1 foot. I M. cilia'ta (Poir. suppl. .'J. p. 578.) leaves broad-ovate, unctpially crenated, sniootii ; heads of flowers almost sessile ; invoiuccl and bracteas ciliated ; stem pubescent. © ? S. Native of Porto-Rico. Flowers white. C'i7in/c(/-bracted Malaciira. PI. 1-3 feet. .5 AL lOHDATA (Poir. suppl. .'i. p. 578.) leaves cordate, twice serrated, smoothish ; heads of flowers rather loose, hardly involucrated ; bracteas elongated, filiform, very hairy. ©. S. Native of Porto-Rico. Flowers pale-yellow. Cor(/«/f-leaved Malaciira. PI. 1 to's feet. Ct M. catiia'ta (Lin. syst. 518.) leaves roundish-cordate, lihintly angular and tootliletted ; heads stalked, 3-leaved, 7-flowered ; stem scabrous. ©. S. Native of the Caribbee islands in marshes, and tropical Africa. Sida capitita, Lin. act. ups. 1713. p. 137. t. 2. Flowers yellow. //«•«(/( . f. 185. f 2.— Rheed. mal. 10. t. 52. U. aculeata. Mill. diet. no. 2. Scollojied-leayed Urena.. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. Shrub 2 feet. 20 U. paradoxa (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 278.) leaves profoundly trifid, with 3 glands at the base, puberulous above, hoary-tomentose beneath, with sharply-serrulated seg- ments, middle segment rhomboidal, profoundly scolloped, 3- lobed, lateral ones smaller, 2 or 3-lobed, with the others usually obliterated. ^ . S. Native on the banks of the river Orinoco near Ature. Flowers axillary, solitary, rose-coloured. Cap- sules echinated. Resembling U. sinuata. Paradoxical Urena. Shrub 4 feet. 21 U. MORiFOLiA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 442.) le.ives 5-lobed, somewhat puberulous above, pale-velvety beneath, with 1 gland; recesses serrated, very wide ; fruit downy and bristly. Ij . S. Native of the Friendly islands. Young leaves densely tomentose. Mulberry-leaccd Urena. Shrub 3 feet. 22 U. murica'ta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 442.) leaves 5-lobed, hairy, pale beneath, with 1 gland, with narrow toothletted re- cesses ; fruit muricated from small tubercles. ^ ? S. Native of Bengal. il/wricatoi-fruited Urena. Fh Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub 2 feet. 23 U. heterophy'lla (Smith in Rees' cycl. 37. no. 8.) leaves profoundly 5-lobcd, hoary underneath, 1-glanded, witli 172 MALVACH.E. IX. Urena. X. Pavosia. hroail recesses, middle lobe 3-l(»l)ed ; lobes obtuse, serrated ; ni)|)er leaves clonf;ated, and coiuraeted at the base ; invohicel hardly etjual in lenj^th to the calyx ; stem rather pilose. l^ . S. Native of the East Indies. — Burm. zeyl. 150. t. 59. f. 2. — Pluk. aim. t. 74. f. 1. ranoHv-Zcnicf/ Urena. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub 2 ft. Cult. None of the species of Urcna are worth cullivatins; unless in botanic , arislala (Cav. diss. 3. p. 133. t. 45. f. 3.) leaves some- what cordate ; corolla hardly longer than the calyx. yar. y, oblongij'ulia (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon, ined.) leaves oblong ; corolla length of calyx. Var. c, giamlijlora (NIoc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon, ined.) leaves cordate ; corolla twice or thrice the length of the calyx. /'Wc/r/y-fruitcd Pavonia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1778. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 2 P. intebme'dia (St. Ilil. fl. bras. 1. p. 22.S.) leaves ovate- lanceolate, dentieidately-serrated, hairy ; flowers sub-glomerate, terminal ; involucel 8-10-leaved ; leaflets connate at the base, rather longer than the calyx. I; . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers whitish. Inlcrmed'tntc Pavonia. Fl. Jan. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 3 U. Stella' TA (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 97.) leaves oblong-lan- ceolate, elongated, luiequally denticulated, rough from stellate down, canescent beneath ; peduncles terminal, capitate ; fruit 1 -awned, awn covered with retrograde hairs. \ . S.' Native of Bra/il. Urena stelliita, Spreng. neu entd. 2. p. 1C3. .S7c()Y(/-liaired Pavonia. .Shrub 2 feet. 4 P. "Tvi'iia LEA (Cav. diss. 2. p. 131 and 150. t. 197,) leaves oblong-lanceolate, toothed ; peduncles axillary and somewhat terminal, many-flowered ; (lowiTs disposed in eajjitate bundles. ^ . S. Nativi' of Jamaica ;uul (iuiana, in shady moist jdaces, as well as of Brazil. Urena Typhulea, Lin. mant. 2.5iS. Swartz, nbs. 291. Flowers small, white or pale-red. Involucel 8-leaved, Ti/pluihii Va\on\-d. Fl. Jime, Aug. Clt. 1 824. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 5 P. TYriiAL«oi DEs {II. B. et Kimili, nov. gen. amer. 5. j). 279.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, acme, obtuse and crenated at the base ; flowers terminal, crowded into small heads ; involucel 5- haved ; carpels with 3 long awns. I; . S. Native of New Granada between St. Anna and Mariquita, also of Trinidad. Very like /'. Tijphalca, but the leaves are much smaller. Flowers reddish. Typhaha-tikc VA\on\&. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. G P. i''RENs(Cav. diss. 3. t. 49. f. 1 and 5. p. 283.) leaves 7- angled, acuminated, toothed, hairy ; flowers axillary, almost sessile, glomerated. ^ . S. Native of the islands of the Mau- ritius and Bourbon, in cold grassy places. Jacci. icon. rar. 3. t. 552. Flowers flesh-coloured. The whole plant is villous, and smells like cucumber. Involucel 7-9-leaved, etpial with the calyx. Stinging Va\on\ii. Fl. Jan. Dec. Clt. 1801. Shrub 10 ft. 7 P. commi'nis (.St. Mil. fl. bras. 1. p. 224.) leaves cordate, acuminated, imequally toothed, tomentose beneath, fidl of pel- lucid dots, on short petioles ; flowers solitary, racemosely dis- posed at the tops of the branches ; involucel 6-leaved, longer than the calvx. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of Minas Geraes and St. Paul. Flowers golden-yellow. Common Pavonia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 8 P. se'pium (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1 . p. 225.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, unequally toothed, pilose beneath, fidl of pellucid dots ; flowers solitary, axillary ; involucel 5-leaved, about equal in length with the calyx. 1^ . S. Native of Brazil near Kio Janeiro. Flowers golden-yellow. Hedge Pavonia. Fl. May. Shrub 2 to G feet. 9 P.? leptoca'rpa (Cav. diss. C. p. 351.) leaves lanceolate, serrated ; flowers sessile, glomerated ; involucel 5-leaved ; styles 5. !;> . S. Native of .Surinam. Urena leptocarpa. Lin. fil. suppl. 508. Perhaps a species of Hibiscus, from having 5 stvles. Flowers the size of those of Ranunculus ticris, yellow. ' Slender-fruiled Pavonia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. 10 ft. Sect. II. Ma'laciie (from paXaxij, mahichc, the Greek name of Mallon' ; in allusion to the resemblance of plants.) Trew. elir. 50. D. C. i)rod. 1. p. 443. Car])els imarmed, but some- times tiibereulated. Involucel generally shorter than the calyx of 5 to 15 leaves. 10 P. hasta'ta (Cav. diss. 3. p. 138. t. 47. f. 2.) leaves lan- ceolate, halhert-shaped, toothed ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered; involucel 5-leaved. ^ . S. Native of Brazil on the banks of the river Uruguay. Flowers red, with deeper veins. //a/fceW-shapetl-leaved Pavonia. Fl. Jan. Shrub 1 to 4 feet. 11 P. murica'ta (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 225. t. 44.) leaves ovate, sub- cordate or lanceolate, pubescent above, but tomentose beneath ; flowers terminal, aggregate ; involucel 5-leaved, about equal in length to the calyx ; carpels miiricated on the back and top. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of Minas Cieraes and St. Paul, in woods. Flowers red, rarely flesh-coloured. There are two varieties of this plant ; one with large red flowers, and the other with smaller flesh-coloured flowers. Muricatcd-car]H\\vi\ Pavonia. Shrid) 2 to (> feet. 12 P. LAXiFLOKA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 22(!.) leaves cor- date, acimiinated, uuecpially toothed, villous on both surfjices, full of pellucid dots; flowers solitary, axillary, or terminal, sub-corymbose ; involucel G-leaved, a little longer than the calyx; cai'pels unarmed, tubercidately pubendoiis. 1;.S. Na- tive of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, in woods. Flowers yellow. /-aj--^0HTrc(/ Pavonia. Fl. March. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 13 P. coctiNEA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 140. t. 47. f. 1.) leaves cor- date, 3-lobed, serrated; pedicels 1-flowered, axillary, ascend- ing ; involucel 5-leaved ; leaflets narrow. Ij . S. Native of St. Domingo. — Plum. ed. Bium. t. 1G9. f. 2. Flowers scarlet, 2 inches in diameter. 6c«r/t7-flowered Pavonia. Clt. 1816. Sh. 4 feet. 14 P. coliime'lla (Cav. diss. 3. p. 138. t. 48. f. 3.) leaves 5-angled, with toothed, acuminated lobes : pedicels axillary, 1- MALVACE/E. X. Pavonia. 473 flowered, much shorter than the petioles ; involuccl 5-leaved. 1; . S. Native of Bourbon. Colinuella Malvinda, Conini. mss. llowers purplish. Columella's ravouia. Fl. July. Clt. 1807. Shrub 3-6 ft. 15 P. PARViFLORA (Desf. liort. par. Poir. stippl. 4. p. 335.) leaves rather hairy, 5-angled, with ovate or lanceolate lobes ; pedicels axillary, l-flow^ered, length of petioles, and are as well as petioles very hairy ; involucel 5-leaved ^i . S. Native of? Flowers yellowish-white. Small-Jloivcrcd Pavonia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. 2 ft. 16 P. GLiiciioMoiDEs (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 227. t. 45.) leaves orbicular, cordate, crenate, pilose on both surfaces, full of pellucid dots ; flowers solitary, axillary ; involucel 5-6-leaved, about equal in length to the calyx ; carpels unarmed, obovate, girded by elevated margins, h . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Cis-platine, Monte Video, &c. Flowers white and flesh-coloured. Ground-'ivy-Uhe Pavonia. Fl. Nov. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 17 P. affi'nis (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 229.) leaves hastate, lanceolate, obsoletely toothed, tonientose beneath, full of pellu- cid dots ; flowers axillary, solitary ; involucel 5-leaved ; leaflets broad, shorter than the calyx ; carpels unarmed, obovate, girded by prominent margins. ^. S. Native of Brazil in the pro- vince of Minas Geraes. Flowers pale red. y^//(Vrf Pavonia. Fl. May. Shrub 5-6 feet. 18 P. SAGITIATA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 229.) leaves sa- gittate-lanceolate, toothed, tomentose beneath, full of pellucid dots; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-2-flowered; involucel 5-7- leaved, a little shorter than the calyx ; carpels unarmed, obo- vate, girded by a prominent margin. Pj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, in fields. Flowers rose-co- loured. Jar. ft, sessil'ijlbra (St. Hil. 1. c.) flowers sessile, .^rroji-leaved Pavonia. Fl. Feb. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 19 P. siDEFOLiA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 283.) leaves ovate, acutish, cordate, crenatcly-serrated, hairy above, hoary-tomentose beneath ; flowers stalked, axillary, and termi- nal ; involucel of 5 or 7 lanceolate leaves. % . S. Native of South America between Angustura and Trapiche de Ferreras, Branches hairy. Flowers yellow, dark purple at the base. Sida-leaved Pavonia. Pi. 2 feet. 20 P. KACEMOSA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1215.) leaves ovate, cordate, acuminate, serrated; raceme terminal, naked; pedicels longish ; involucel 8-1 0-leaved. Pj . S. Native of Ja- maica and Guadeloupe, in marshes. Roots rising above the earth and often arched as in Rhizophora or Mangrove. P. spicata, Cav. diss. 3. t. 46. f. 1.— Sloan, jam. 1. p. 121. t. 139. f. 2. Flowers brownish-yellow. Leaves scabrous above. Race7nose-{\ov.ered Pavonia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Shrub 5-10 feet. 21 P. GRAXDiFLORA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 232.) leaves cor- date, acuminated, unequally toothed, velvety-tomentose on both surfaces; flowers axillary, solitary; involucel 12-leaved, about equal in length to the calyx ; carpels smooth. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Goyaz. Flowers flesh-coloured. Greal-Jt' . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers flesh-coloured. JVakcd-slcmmcd Pavonia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 27 P. POLYMORPHA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 232.) leaves round- ish or ovate, somewhat cordate at the base, denticulately-ser- rated ; flowers solitary, or crowded terminal; involucel 8-10- leaved, dilated at the top, shorter than the calyx ; carpels smooth. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, in dry fields. Flowers flesh-coloured. J'ar. ft, cucurbilacea (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves ovate, cordate, 3 inches long, hardly toothed, full of pellucid dots ; peduncles axillary, short, 1 -flowered. Polymorphous Pavonia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 28 P. SESsiLiFLOBA (H. B. ct Kuutli, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 281.) leaves ovate, acute, somewhat cordate, serrated, hairy above, clothed with long, soft, canescent hairs beneath ; flowers axillary, almost sessile or terminal, aggregate ; leaflets of invo- lucel 10, hooked backwards at the top, a little shorter than the calyx. ^ . S. Native of New Granada near St. Anna, and Brazil. Flowers copper-coloured or yellow. Carpels 5, smooth. Sessile-Jlowered Pavonia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 29 P. Hi'spiDA (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 99.) herbaceous ; leaves cordate, 3-5-lobed, hairy ; lobes sinuated, bluntly toothed ; leafletsof involucel 7, awl-shaped ; peduncles 1-flowered, shorter than the petioles. Tj . S. Native of? Flowers white with a yellow base. Hibiscus hisipdus, Spreng. pug. 2. p. 73. Hispid Pavonia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 30 P. pr^mo'rsa (Willd. spec. 3. p. 833.) leaves broadly- obovate, truncate, and crenated at the apex ; pedicels axillai-y, 1-flowered, longer than the leaves ; involucel of 14 bristle-like leaves. Tt . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Curt. bot. mag. 436. P. cuneifolia, Cav. diss. 3. t. 45. f. 1. Hibiscus prae- morsus, Lin. fil. suppl. 309. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 141. Flowers pale-yellow. £;«e«-leaved Pavonia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Ch. 1774. Shrub 5 ft. Sect. IIL Cancella'ria {iromcanccllus, a lattice, or grate ; dis- position of the leaflets of the involucrum). D. C. prod. 1 . p. 444. Carpels unarmed. Involucel of5- 15 leaves, longer than the calyx. 31 P. MuTi'sii (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 283.) leaves ovate, somewhat acuminate, cordate, serrated, very soft, pubescent above, cancscently-tomentose beneath ; flowers axil- lary and terminal, stalked ; leaflets of involucel 8, a little longer than the calyx, l^ . S. Native of New Granada on mountains. 3 P 474 MALVACEAE. X. Pavoma. Hibiscus cordifolius, Lin. fil. suppl. 309. Branches downy. Flowers yellow. Mutis's Pavonia. Shrub 3 feet. 3^' P. in'iiTA (Sprent;. syst. 3. p. 99.) shrubby, clothed with stellate down, hairy ; leave's cordate, 3-lobed, crenated ; pedun- cles 1 -flowered ; involucel of 5 lanceolate leaves. »j . S. Native of Monte Video. JIairij Pavonia. Shrub 1- to 3 feet. 33 P. MOLLIS (H. 15. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 283.) leaves rouiidisii-ovate, cordate, acuminated, obsoletely 3-lobed, serrated, hairy, soft and canesccnt beneath ; flowers axillary and terminal, stalked ; leaflets of involuccl 8, linear, almost twice the length of the calyx. I: . S. Native of New Granada. Branches pilose, viscid. Flowers violet. Soft Pavonia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 34 P. diure'tica (St. Hil. pi. usu. bras. no. 53. fl. bras. 1. p. 234.) leaves cordate, acuminated, denticulately-serrated, velvety, tomentose on both surfaces, full of pellucid dots ; flowers axil- lary, solitary ; involiicel C-7-leave(l, longer than the calyx. h . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers sulphur-coloured. A decoction of this plant is em- ployed with success as a diuretic in Dysuria. Diuretic Pavonia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 3.5 P. rANicuLA~TA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 135. t.4G. f. 2.) villous ; leaves cordate, roundish, acinninated, crenately toothed, some- times tricuspidate ; flowers panicled ; stamens declinate ; invo- lucel of 8 or 9 leaves. ^ . S. Native of Peru at the source of the river Maragnon, and near Caraccas at the river Anauco. H. B. ct Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 280. Urena foe'tida, Lher. mss. Flowers yellow. Panic/erf-flowered Pavonia. FL July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. .3 or 4 feet. 3G P. coRYMBosA (Wilhl. spec. 3. p. 836.) leaves cordate or angular, serrated, smooth ; flowers corymbose ; peduncles and many-leaved involucels pilose. I; . S. Native of Jamaica and Hispaniola, on the banks of rivers. Altha>'a corymbosa, Swartz, fl. ind. occid. 2. p. 1213. Flowers pale yellow. Involucel 10- 12-leaved. Corymhosc-ftonercd Pavonia. Fl. July, .\ug. Clt. 1818. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 37 P. odora'ta (Willd. spec. 3. p. 837.) leaves ovate, some- what cordate, 3-pointed, rather toothed, and are as well as the branches pilose, viscid ; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered, somewhat racemose at the tops of the branches ; involucel of 12 ciliated leaves, ft • '^^ Native of the East Indies. Flowers red. Smeet-sccntcd Pavonia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1807. Shrub 2 to 3 ft. 38 P. bosa-campe'stris (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 23G. t. 46.) leaves cordate, acute, uncqu.illy serrated, coriaceous, puberu- lous ; flowers axillary or terminal, 1-3 together; involucel 12- 1 4-leaved, nnich longer than the calyx ; carpels acuminated. Ij . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers rose-coloured. Field-ruse Pavonia. Fl. M.iy. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 39 P. viscosa (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 236.) leaves cordate, acute, denticulated, j)ubervdous, clammy ; flowers axillary or subterminal, .solitary; involucel 15-lG-le.-ived, a little longer than the calyx ; carpels unarmed, obtuse. Ij . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers yellowish-red. Clamm;/ Pavonia. Fl. March. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 40 P. Mexica'na (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 284.) leaves hastately-cordate, acuminated, serrate- crenate, clothed beneath as well as the branches with clammy tomentum ; peduncles 1-flowered; leaflets of involucel 10-15, linear. 1/ . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers red. Leaves hoary beneath. Mexican Pavonia. PI. y to C feet. 1-1 P. siuoiuEs (Horn, liort. hafn. 2. p. G58.) leaves roundish- 1 cordate, lower ones somewhat serrated at the apex, blunt, upper onesajigular, acute ; pedicels 1-flowered, generally solitary, rather shorter than the ])etioles ; involucel 12-leaved. ^ . .S. Native of Bengal. The whole plant is pilose and viscid. Flowers vcUow. AV(/«-/<7.c Pavonia. Fl. Jime, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. 2 ft. 42 P. Zeyla'nica (Willd. spec. 3. p. 838. exclusive of the synonynie of Seb.) pilose ; lower leaves roundish-cordate, cre- nate, the rest 3-5-lobed ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered ; invo- lucel of 10 fringed, bristle-like leaves. ©. S. Native of Ceylon. Hibiscus Zeylanicus, Lin. spec. 981. Hibiscus are- narius, .Scop. del. ins. 3. t. 2. Flowers flesh-coloured, about the size of those of Potentilla anscrhia. I'ar. a, Burmanni (D. C. prod. 1. p. 444.) leaves 3-5-cleft ; pedicels shorter than the leaves. — Burm. ind. t. 48. f. 2. I'ar. p, CavaitiUesii (D. C. 1. c.) leaves 3-5-parted ; pedicels longer than the leaves. — Cav. diss. 3. t. 48. f. 2. Ccijlon Pavonia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1790. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 43 P. can'cella'ta (Cav. diss. 3. p. 135.) pilose ; leaves cor- date, arrow-shaped, toothed; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, longer than the petioles ; involucel of 13-15 leaves, ])ilose. ©. S. Native of .Surinam, French Guiana, Caraccas, and Brazil. Hi- biscus cancellitus, Lin. fil. suppl. t. 311. Plant prostrate. Flowers sulphur-coloured with a violet ccnire. Leaves 5-lobed. Lalticcd Pavonia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. I to 1 ft. 41 P. iiiMiFu'sA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 23.'}.) leaves cordate, 3-5-lobed, tinequally toothed, velvety-tomentose on both sur- faces ; flowers axillary, solitary; involucel 18-leaved, much longer than the calyx ; carpels angular, tricuspidate at the apex. Vl . S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro by the sea-side. Flowers greenish-yellow. Trading Pavonia. Shrub prostrate. .Sect. IV. Malvaviscoide.e (plants agreeing with the genus Mahariscus in the connivcnt corolla and exserted stamens). Staminiferous tube exserted beyond the connivent corolla. 45 P. malvaviscoides (St. Hil. fl. bms. 1. p. 237.) leaves cordate, nearly entire, coriaceous, canescent beneath ; flowers subterminal, solitary ; involucel 10-leaved, shorter than the calyx. I; . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes on the mountains called Serra da Cadonga. Flowers splendid red. Malvaviscus-Uke Pavonia. Fl. March. Shrub 5 feet. 46 P. confe'rta (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 238.) le.-ives crowded at the tops of the branches, long-lanceolate, acuminated, nearly entire ; flowers terminal, crowded ; involucel m.any-leaved, in 2 series, shorter than the calyx, l; . S. Native of Brazil, in woods. Flowers J . S. Native of Brazil, in woods. Flowers greenish. ]\fani/-Jlowercd Pavonia. Fl. Oct. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 48 P. longif6lia (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 239.) leaves very long, elliptic-lanceolate, obsolctely-toolhed, scabrous; flowers sub-terminal, crowded ; involucel many-haved, in 2 series, a little longer than the calyx. H . S. Native of Brazil, in woods. F'lowers greenish. Long-lcavcd Pavonia. Fl. Oct. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 49 P. tricalyca'ris (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 240.) leaves long, elliptic -lanceolate, entire; flowers terminal, crowded ; involucel many-leaved, in 2 series, a little longer than the calyx, but the outer .series is small. I; . S. Native of Brazil, in woods. T'/irec-cn/r/jcrf Pavonia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet? 50 P. ALMioLiA (St. Ilil. fl. bnis. 1. p. 241.) leaves sub- MALVACEAE. X. Pavonia. XI. Malvaviscus. 475 ovate, obtusely toothed, very smootli, sliining, full of pellucid dots ; flowers sub-terminal, solitary ; involucel 5-leaved, con- nate at the base, a little longer than the calyx ; genitals hardly exserted. Ij . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Kio Ja- neiro. Flowers yellowish, sometimes twin. Aldcr-h'tncd Pavonia. Fl. Aug. Shrub 5-6 feet. Cult. The greater part of the species of this genus are worth cultivating for the beauty of their blossoms. They are all free growing plants, for the most part ripening seed in abundance, and ripened cuttings of the shrubby and perennial herbaceous species will root freely if planted in sand under a hand-glass, placed in a moderate heat. The annual and biennial species re- quire the same treatment as other stove annuals and biennials. XI. MALVAVrSCUS (from malva, mallow, and viscus, glue). Dill. elth. 210. Cav. diss. 3. p. 131. D. C. prod. 1. p. 44-5. — Ach^nia, Swartz. prod. 2. Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Polyundr'm. Calyx girded by a many-leaved involucel. Petals erect, convolute. Stigmas 10. Carpels 5, baccate, 1 -seeded, sometimes distinct, but usually connected into a J-celled fruit. IMallow-like shrubs, usually with scarlet campanulate flowers with the staminiferous column protruding beyond the corolla. Sect. I. Acha'nia (from a priv. xaor, chaos, an opening, or ayavrjQ, achanes, firm ; because the corolla always appears half closed). D. C. prod. 1. p. 445. Petals eared at the base. 1 ]M. ca'ndidus (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves cordate, 5-cleft, rather acute, with the middle lobe longest ; involucel 10 or 12-leaved, rather spreading, Tj . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers red. ^r/H'fe-leaved Malvaviscus. Shrub 12 feet. 2 M. arboreus (Cav. diss. 3. t. 48. f. 1.) leaves cordate, S-5- lobed, acimiinated, roughish ; leaflets of involucel erect. I7 . S. Native of Jamaica, NewGranada, and Mexico,on calcareous rocks. Achania Malvaviscus, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 3. p. 1222. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2305. Hibiscus Malvaviscus, Lin. spec. 978. — Dill. elth. t. 170.— Sloan, hist. 1. p. 216. t. 136. f 1. Flowers large, scarlet. Tree Malvaviscus. Fl. year. Clt. 1714. Shrub 12 feet. 3 M. mo'llis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 445.) leaves cordate, some- what 3-lobed, soft, tomentose ; leaflets of involucel rather spreading. Tj . S. Native of Mexico. Achania mollis. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 459. Ker. bot. reg. t. 11. Flowers scarlet. 6'o/i!-leaved Malvaviscus. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1780. Sh. 12 ft. 4 M. piLo'sus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 445.) leaves cordate, cre- nated, obtuse or acuminated ; branches and petioles pilose. I7 . S. Native of the south of Jamaica in bushy places. Acha- nia pilosa, Swartz. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1224. Lodd. bot. cav. 829. Flowers red. Pilose Malvaviscus. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1780. Sh. 12 ft. 5 M. Balbi'sii (D. C. prod. 1. p. 445.) leaves cordate, acu- minated, scabrous on both surfaces, with the nerves beneath as well as the petioles and branchlets hairy-tomentose ; pedicels twice as long as petioles. Tj . S. Native of? M. cordatus, Balb. herb. A very shewy plant with scarlet flowers and entire linear-acute leaflets of involucel. £ff^6;i'.« Malvaviscus. Shrub 10 feet. 6 M. n-NuuLiFLORus (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ind. D. C. prod. 1. p. 445.) leaves ovate, rather cordate, acute, serrated; pedicels slender, nodding inwards ; involucels erectisb. Tj . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers red. Pendulous-flowered Malvaviscus. Shrub 1 0 feet. 7 M. pentaca'rpus (Moc. et Sesse. fl. mex. icon. ind. D. C. prod. 1. p. 445.) leaves cordate-ovate, acute, serrated, hardly 3-lobed ; pedicels erect ; leaflets of involucel linear ; carpels 5, baccate, somewhat distinct from each other, fj . S. Native of Mexico. Atlat-zopillin. Hern. mex. 117. icon. Flowers scarlet? /''H'e-yjMfiecZ Malvaviscus. Shrub 10 feet. 8 M. cilia'tus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 415.) leaves ovate, acute, serrated ; pedicels solitary ; leaflets of involucel linear, ciliated ; petals acutely auricled at the base. ?2 . S. Native of the island of Tobago. Pavonia spiralis, Cav. icon. 5. t. 434. Achinia ciliata, Spreng. Flowers scarlet. Leaves cordate. C'i7/«^t(/-involucred Malvaviscus. Shrub 8 feet. 9 M. conci'nnus (H. B. et Kunth,nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 286.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, cordate, grossly crenate-ser- rated ; puberulous on both surfaces ; flowers 2 or 3 together, somewhat corymbose ; pedicels shorter than the petioles ; invo- lucel 7-leaved, equal in length with the calyx. \j. S. Native of Peru near Loxa. Achania concinna, Spreng. Flowers twin or tern. Petals fringed, scarlet. Branchlets downy. Neat Malvaviscus. Shrub 10 feet. 10 M. GRANDiFLORus (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 286.) leaves ovate-oblong, acute, rounded at the base or ob- soletely cordate, somewhat 3-lobed, serrated, smoothish ; pe- duncles solitary, longer than the petioles ; involucel 8-leaved, shorter than the calyx, tj . S. Native of Mexico, near Gua- naxuato. Branches and petioles pilose. Flowers scarlet. Great-flomered^la\va.\'\sc\\s. Shrub 10 feet. 11 M. Acapulce'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 286.) leaves ovate, somewhat acuminated, profoundly-cor- date, coarsely toothed, pilose on both surfaces, soft and canescent beneath ; peduncles solitary, longer than the petioles ; involucel usually 7-leaved, about equal in length with the calyx. ^. S. Native of Mexico near Acapulca. Flowers scarlet. Perhaps the same as M. pilosus. Acapulca INIalvaviscus. Shrub 12 feet. 12 M. Poppi'gii (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 100. under Achania) leaves truncate at the base, ovate-oblong, acuminated, somewhat 3-lobed, toothed, hairy ; involucels spreading ; genitals exserted. ^2 ■ S. Native of Cuba. Flowers scarlet. Poppig's Malvaviscus. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. Sect. II. Ano'tea (from a priv. and notus, known ; not sulficiently known). D. C. prod. ] . p. 445. Petals not eared at the base. Species not sufticiently known. Distinct from Hibiscus in having 10 stigmas, from section Achania in the petals not being eared at the base, but the plants appear to agree with sec- tion Malvaviscoldece of Pavonia. 13 M.? corda'tus (Nees. and Mart. nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 99. under Achdnia) leaves cordate, crenated, tomentose underneath ; involucel 8 or 9-leaved, and is as well as the calyx beset with bristles ; stamens not protruding beyond the flower. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers deep red. Corrfrt/t'-leaved Malvaviscus. Shrub 5 to 10 feet. 14 M. ? fla'vidus (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon, ined.) leaves acutely 5-angled, toothed, cordate at the base ; corolla cylindri- cal ; column of stamens erect, twice the length of the petals. y^ . .S. Native of Mexico. Flowers yellowish. Yellow Malvaviscus. Shrub 6 feet. 15 M.? pleuro'gonus (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 446.) leaves pahnately and acutely 5-7-Iobed, toothed, cordate at the base ; corolla somewhat campanulate ; column of stamens very long, somewhat declinate ; anthers for the most part secund. T; . S. Native of Mexico. Side-angled Malvaviscus. Shrub 6 feet. 16 M. ? PLEURANTHE Rus (Moc. et Sessc, fl. mex. icon, ined.) leaves cordate at the base, acutely 3-5-lobed, palmatifid ; lobes toothed, middle one longest ; flowers somewhat cylindrical ; column of stamens erect, equal in length to the petals ; anthers secund. Tj . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers red ? Side-anthered Malvaviscus. Shrub 8 feet. 3 p 2 47(5 MALVACEiE. XII. Lebretonia. XIII. Hibiscus. Cult. The greater part of the species of this genus bear bright scarlet flowers; tlierefore they are desirable in all collections. A mixture of loam and peat will suit them best, and cuttings w ill root readily in sand under a hand-glass ; these should be taken oH'as near the stem of the plant as possible, not being so apt to rot as when taken off by the middle of the shoot. None of the leaves should be taken off or shortened above the sand. (Sweet.) XII. LEBRETO'NIA (in honour of Manuel Le Breton, a French botanist.) Sehrank, pi. rar. hort. mon. t. 90. D. C. prod. 1. p. tlC). LiN. SYST. Momdclpliia, Polyandria. Calyx 5-parted, girded by a rather shorter 5-parted involucel. Petals 5, in part pro- truding, twisted in the bud, with a spreading border. Styles 10. Carpels 5, or from abortion only 4, I -seeded, indehiscent. Per- haps sulliciently distinct from the second section of /'avoiiia. 1 L. cocci'nea (Sehrank. 1. c.) leaves ovate, acuminated, ser- rated ; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered, longer than the petioles; corolla twice as long as the involucel. Jj . S. Native of Bra- zil. Pavonia Schrankii, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 98. Trunk hispid. Flowers largc,scarlet. Leaves pubescent above, tonientose beneath. Scarlet-ftowercd Lebretonia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. IS'23. Shrub 4 feet. 2 L. LATIFOLTA (Nccs ct Mart. nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 98.) leaves ovate, somewhat cordate, acmish, crenately-serrated, pu- bescent ; pedicels 1 -flowered ; corolla almost eqiuil in length with the involucel. I; . S. Native of Brazil. Pavonia latifolia, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 98. Flowers scarlet. Calyx greenish, as in L. coccinca. Leaves pubescent. liroad-kavcd Lebretonia. Shrub 4 feet. 3 L. SEMisERRATA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 446.) leaves oblong, serrated at the apex, coriaceous, on long stalks ; flowers ter- minal ; calyx coloured, permanent, y . S. Native of Brazil. Schoiiwia semiserrata, Schrad. goctt. ann. 1821. p. 717. A doubtful plant. Scmiscrralcd Lebretonia. Shrub 4 feet ? Cull. 'I'hese shrubs deserve to be cnltivated in every collec- tion on account of their sliewy scarlet blossoms. They require to be treated in the same manner as recommended for Malva- XIII. HIBrSCUS (from (/JiiTcoc, hihiscos, one of the names given by the Greeks to Mitlloiv. The Ilihixcus of Pliny appears to be an umbelliferous plant, while that of Virgil is a plant with pliant branches, which was made into baskets. The name is said to be derived from /bis, a stork, which is said to chew some species.) Lin. gen. no. 84U. L;im. ill. t. 584. D. C. prod. 1. p. 44G. LiK. SVST. Monadilpliia, Polyandria. Calyx encompassed by a many-leaved, rarely by a few-leaved involucel, sometimes con- nected at the base. Petals not aiirieled. Stigmas 5. Carpels joined into a .l-celled, 5-valved capsule, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve on the inside. Cells many-seeded, rarely 1-seeded. The bark of all the species is so tough that it may be made into ropes, or spun into thread of any description. Sect. I. Cremontia (from crcmo, to burn ; vivid colour of the flowers of some of the species.) Comm. ined. I). C. prod. 1. p. 44G. Corolla (as in Malvaiiscns) convolute, cylindrical, but the petals are not eared at the base as in that genus. Stigmas .'>. Cells of capsule many-seeded. 1 H. liliiflohl's (Cav. diss. 3. p. LVt. t. 57. f. 1.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, entire or rarely trifid ; involucel 5-leaved; shorter than the 5-tootlied calyx ; petals rather velvety on the outside. Jj . S. Native of the island of Bourbon, in moun- tain woods. Malvavlscus puniceus, Bory, ined. Flowers scar- let, campanulate. I'ar. /5, hijbridus (Hook. hot. mag. 2891.) This is a splendid hybrid, produced from //. liliijlbrus, impregnated by the pollen of //. miildbilis. Flowers large. ^ . S. Raised in the Mau- ritius. Lily-floncTcd Hibiscus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 18'3?. Tree 8 to 1^ feet. 'i H. BiFLoKus (Spreng. syst. tent, suppl. p. 19.) leaves ob- long-lanceolate, remotely toothed, pilose above, but tomentose and veiny beneath ; peduncles axillary, straight, forked, 2- flowcred ; involucel 4-leaved, stellately-pubesccnl, with the leaf- lets broad and lanceolate, and drawn out at the base, longer than the woolly calyx, but ei|ual in length to the conniving campanu- late corolla. I7 . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This is a very shewy species, Tno-Jloncred Hibiscus. Shrub G to 10 feet. 3 H. Borya'nus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 446.) leaves ovate, a little toothed, undivided, 5-nerved, smooth ; involucel 5-7-leaved, a little longer than the 5-toothed calyx ; petals oblong, rather velvety. Vi . S. Native of the island of Bourbon. Flowers white, on very short pedicels. Bory de St. Vincent's Hibiscus. Shrub 10 feet. 4 H. fraV.ii.is (D. C. prod. 1. p. 446.) leaves ovate, hardly 3-lobed, toothed, smooth ; jiedicels 1 -flowered, length of leaves; involucel o-leaved. I; . S. Native of Bourbon. Malvavlscus fragilis, Bory. ined. F'lowers red. Brittle Hibiscus. Shrub 4 to 8 feet. 5 H. peduncula'tus (Cav. diss. 3. p. 1G3. t. 66. f. 2.) leaves 3 or 5-lobed, obtuse, erenated, hairy ; pedicels twice as long as the leaves ; involucel many-leaved ; corolla rather campanulate. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ker, bot. reg. t. 231. Flowers small, briglit red. Pcrf«Hcu/a G feet. 10 H. TUDiFLi)Rus (Moc. ct Scssc, fl. mcx. icon. ined. I). C. prod. 1. p. 447.) leaves cordate, acute, soinewhat scolloped, den- ticulately-serrated, villous ; pedicels l-flowered, twice as long as the piliolis ; involucel many-leaved. I; . S. Native of Mexico on the mountaius. Flowers from yellow to red. MALVACEAE. XIII. Hibiscus. 477 Tuhe-flowered Hibiscus. Shrub 10 feet. 11 H. Senkgale'nsis (Cav. diss. 3. p. ICO. t. 08. f. 1.) leaves cordate, toothed, tomentose, lower ones angular ; pedicels 1- flowered, shorter than the petioles; involucel of U) bristle-like leaves, which are eciual in length to the calyx. J; . S. Native of Senegal. Flowers small, yellow with a dark centre. .ye/icga/ Hibiscus. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 182t. Shrub 4 feet. 12 H. TUBULosus (Cav. diss. 3. p. l(il. t. OS. f. 2.) leaves cordate, unequally toothed, hoary-villous beneath, tomentose above, lower ones somewhat 5-lubed, upper ones acuminated ; pedicels 1 -flowered, very short ; involucel of 8 lincar-spatulate leaflets. 1^ . S. Native of the East Indies and Senegal. Flowers somewhat campanulate, yellowish, with a purple base. ruiM/ar-flowered Hibiscus. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1796. PI. 2 to 4 feet. 13 H. u RENs (Lin. suppl. 309.) leaves kidney-shaped, cre- nated, and are as well as the stem tomentose ; pedicels 2-3- together, axillary; involucel 12-parted; corolla shorter than the calyx. %. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Cav, diss. 3. p. 161. t. 67. f. 1. Flowers purple. Stinging Hibiscus. PI. 4 feet. Sect. II. Pentaspe'rmus (from itevrt, pcnte, five, and airepfxa, sperma, a seed; because the fruit is usually composed of 5 1- seeded cells or carpels.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 447. Corollas ex- panded. Valves of capsules bearing dissepiments in the middle, with 1 -seeded cells, composed of 2 valves. This section does not appear to be generically distinct from Pardnia. 14 H. OVA Tus (Cav. diss. 3. p. 143. t. 50. f. 3.) leaves ovate, quite entire, fringed, 3-nerved, villous beneath; pedicels 1- flowered, twice the length of the petioles. Tj • Gr. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Pavonia ovata, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 99. Ocnt/c-leaved Hibiscus. Shrub ? 15 H. HASTATUs (Cav. diss. 3. p. 144. t. 50. f. 1.) leaves halbert-shaped, oblong, serrated, narrow; pedicels 1 -flowered, about the length of the leaves ; fruit globose, downy. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Pavonia hastata, Spreng. — Pluk. t. 127. f. 2. Flowers reddish. Halbert-\ea.ved Hibiscus. Shrub 2 feet. 16 H. acumina'tus (Cav. diss. 3. p. 144. t. 50. f. 2. exclu- sive of the synonyme of Pluk.) leaves cordate, acuminated, lower ones 3-lobed ; pedicels 1 -flowered, longer than the petioles; in- volucel 9-leaved ; fruit downy, depressed. Ij . S. Native of? Pavonia acuminata, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 99. Flowers large, red- dish, purple. /icuminatcd-\ea.ved Hibiscus. Shrub 2 feet. 17 H. pentaca'rpos (Lin. spec. 981.) leaves cordate, oblong, toothed, bluntish, angular, somewhat 3-lobed, smooth ; pedicels equal with or shorter than the petioles ; flowers drooping ; column of stamens nodding. 1/ .H. Native of Etruria and about Venice, in marshes. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 143. Pavonia Veneta, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 98. Flowers small, pale-red. Five-fniitcd Hibiscus. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1752. PI. 3 ft. 18 H. Virgi'nicus (Lin. spec. 981.) leaves acuminated, un- equally toothed, rather villous, lower ones cordate, undivided, upper ones ovate, cordate, 3-lobed ; pedicels longer than the petioles; flowers drooping; pistils nodding. 1/. H. Native of North America in salt marshes, from New Jersey to Carolina. Pavonia Virginica, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 98. Flowers rose- coloured, about twice the size of those of H. j^entacdrpos, dis- posed in racemes at the tops of the branches. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 142. — Pluk. phyt. t. 6. f. 4. Sweet, fl. gard. icon. J'irgiiiian Hibiscus. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1 798. PI. 3 to 4 ft. 19 H. pentaspe'rmus (Bert. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 447.) whole plant hispid from spreading hairs ; leaves cordate, acu- minated, grossly toothed ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, a little longer tlian the petioles ; fruit 5-sided, hispid on the angles. 'il . S. Native of Jamaica. Pavonia Berterii, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 99. Flowers small, yellow. Five-seeded Hibiscus. PI. 2 to 3 feet. Sect. III. Ma'niiiot (altered from the Brazilian word Man- diuka, the Cassava or Casada ; resemblance in some species.) D. C. prod. 1 . p. 448. Cells of ca))sules many-seeded. Seeds smooth. Involucel 4-6.1caved. Calyx spathaceous, 5-toothed, ruptured longitudinally. 20 H. ma'nihot (Lin. spec. 980.) stem unarmed; leaves smoothish, palmately parted into 5 or 7 acuminated, coarsely- toothed lobes ; involucel 4-6-leaved, hispid ; pedicels when in flower, declinate. %. S. Native of the East Indies. Cav. diss. 3. p. 172. t. 63. f. 2. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1702. Sab. liort. 1. t. 56.— Dill. elth. 189. t. 150. f 189. Flowers sulphur-co- loured, with a dark-purple centre. In Japan they use the mu- cilage of the root to give a consistence to paper as Thunberg in- forms us. I'ar. /3, palmatus (Cav. diss. 3. p. 168. t. 63. f. 1.) leaves palmately parted ; root thick, spongy. 1/ . F. Native of South America as well as in North America on the banks of the Mis- sissippi. Flowers sulphur-coloured, with a purple centre. Fruit as in var. a, pyramidal, and very hairy. Tl/awi/io; Hibiscus. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1712. PI. 3 feet. 21 H. Timorie'nsis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 448.) stem unarmed; leaves smooth, palmatifid, with 7 acuminated serrated lobes ; in- volucel 5-leaved, smooth. "2/ . fj ? S. Native of the island of Timor. Resembles var. ft, of H. M/inihot. Fruit somewhat globose, not pyramidal. Flowers yellow with dark claws. Timor Hibiscus. Shrub 2 to 5 feet. 22 H. PsEU do-ma'nihot (D. C. prod. 1. p. 448.) stem un- armed ; leaves trifid, rather hairy ; lobes ovate, acuminated, coarsely toothed ; involucel 4-leaved, hispid. ^. ^? S. Native of the island of Bourbon in grassy places on the banks of the river St. Denis. Fruit and flowers of Hibiscus Irionum, but the leaves are trifid, not 5-7-parted. False-Manihot Hibiscus. PL 1 to 2 feet. 23 H. FicuLNEUs (Lin. spec. 978.) stem prickly from tuber- cles ; leaves palmately 5-lobed, upper ones 3-lobed ; lobes blunt, unequally toothed, narrowed at the base ; involucel 5-leaved, caducous, yi . S. Native of Ceylon. — Dill, elth, t. 157. f. 190. H. sinuatus, Cav. diss. 3. t. 52. f. 2. Flowers yellow, purple at the bottom. F/g-leaved Hibiscus. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1732. Shrub 4 ft. 24 H. ficulnoi'des (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 938.) stem shrubby, unarmed ; leaves cordate, ovate, obtuse, deeply toothed, entire or 3-lobed, pubescent, as well as the 5-leaved involucel. 1^ . S. Native of the East Indies and the Mauritius. H. Mauritianus, Spreng. syst. append, p. 258. — Pluk. amaltli. p. 11. t. Z55, f. 4 ? Petal yellow-, with purple claws. Ficulneus-Uke Hibiscus. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1823. Sh. 1-3 ft. 25 H. tetkaphy'llus (Ro.\b. ex Horn. hort. hafn. 561.) stem herbaceous ; leaves 5-lobed, serrated ; involucel 4-5-leaved. ©. S. Native of Bengal. Flowers yellow, with a purplish centre '. foHr-ZtY/tctZ-involucelled Hibiscus. Fl. Julv, Aug. Clt. 1S18. PI. 1 foot. Sect. IV. Ke'tmia (derived from the Arabic word klict/imi/, signifying a Malvaceous plant.) D. C. prod. 1. p 448. Cells of capsules many-seeded. Seeds smooth. Corollas expanded. Involucel 5-7 cleft. Calyx 5-lobed, not ruptured longitudinally as in the preceding section. 26 H. Mi'cANs (Cav. diss. 3. p. 167. t. CO. f. 2.) stem un- armed ; leaves cordate, 5-angled, toothed, acuminated ; involucel 6-i)arted. ^.S. Native of Java. Flowers yellow, with a dark centre. Leaves clothed with glittering tomentum. 478 MALVACE.'E. XIII. Hibiscis. Glittering Hibiscus. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 27 H. CALVCi'sas (Willd. s])ec. 3. p. 817.) stem unarmed; leaves cordate, angular, somewliat d-lobed, repand ; involuccl 5-leaved, stipitatc, longer than the petals. Jj . S. Native of the island of Bourbon. H. calyphy'llus, Cav. diss. 5. p. 283. t. 140. Corolla yellow witli a dark centre. Large-cabjxed Hibiscus. Siirub 3 to C feet. 28 H. columna'ris (Cav. diss. 3. p. 166. t. 59. f. 2.) stem unarmed ; leaves cordate, 5-angled, repand; involucel usually 6- cleft ; column of stamens exceeding the campanulatc corolla. y . S. Native of Bourbon. Flowers large, terminal, yellow. C'o/uCT/iar-stamened Hibiscus. .Shrub 6 feet. 29 H. ACERiroLius (D. C. prod. 1. p. 41-8.) stem unarmed ; leaves cordate, 5-lobed, hairy ; lobes acuminated, somewhat re- pand ; involucel of 6-7 bristle-like leaves. I^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Pavonia platanifolia, Willd. berl. mag. 1810. p. 220. Pavonia acerifolia. Link, and Otto, abb. 1. p. 5. t. 1. Styles 5, therefore it cannot be a Pavonia. Maple-leaved Hibiscus. Fl. March, June. CIt. 1798. Shrub G feet. 30 H. R6sa-sine'ksis (Lin. spec. 977.) stem unarmed, arbo- reous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, smooth, entire at the base, but coarsely toothed at the apex ; pedicels length of leaves ; invo- luccl 7-leaved. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers large, single or double, purple, red, white, yellow, and varie- gated. Cav. diss. 3. t. 69. f. 2. Curt. hot. mag. t. 165. — Rheed. mal. 2. t. 16. A very elegant plant, for some of the prominent varieties see Lodd. bot. cab. t. olS., double dark red ; t. 9G3, double striped ; t. 932, double yellow. In China they make these handsome flowers into garlands and festoons on all occa- sions of festivity, and even in their sepulchral rites. They are put to a use, which seems little consistent with their elegance and beauty, that of blacking shoes, whence their name of libste- lalceolurice. The women also employ them to colour their hair and eye-brows black. Chinese-rose \\\h\sc\\s. Fl. Jul, Aug. CIt. 1731. Tree 1.5 ft. 31 H. Syriacus (Lin. spec. 978.) stem unarmed, arboreous ; leaves ovate, wedge-shaped, 3-lobe(l, toothed; pedicels hardly longer than the leaves ; involucel G-7-leavcd. I; . H. Native of Syria and Carniola. Cav. diss. 3. t. 69. f. 1. Curt. bot. mag. 83. Flowers large, single or double, purple, w liite, red or varie- gated. This is one of oiu- most ornamental hardy shrubs. Syrian Hibiscus or Althaea frutex. Fl. Aug. Sep. CIt. 1596. Shrub 6 feet. 32 II. I'Ru'riens (Rox. hort. beng. p. 51.) stem herbaceous, hairy ; leaves on long stalks, ovate, somewhat 3-lobed, serrated, membranaceous, smoothish ; pedicels very short ; involucel and calyx very hairy at the base, equal in length to the corolla, both 5-parted, acuminated. $ . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers yellow with a dark centre ? Prurient Hibiscus. PI. 2 to 6 feet. 33 H. sca'nuens (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 51.) shndiby, scan- dent ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed, downy beneath ; stems, petioles, and panicles pilose ; involucel 6-clefl, equal in length to the calyx, tomentose ; flowers disposed in racemose, terminal, sjiread- ing panicles. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers ap- l)arcntly red. Scandenl Hibiscus. .Shrub cl. Sect. V. Furca'ria (from furca, a fork ; in allusion to the leaflets of the involuccl being forked.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 449. Cells of capsule many-seeded. Seeds smooth. Leaflets of in- volucel 2-forkedor appendiculatcd, with teeth. Calyx glandular. 34 H. Suratte'nsis (Lin. spec. 979.) stem herbaceous, sca- brous from recurved prickles ; stipulas semi-cordate ; le.tves pal- mately 3-5-lobed; pedicels length of petioles ; leaflets of involucel 11, spatulate, appendiculatcd. Q. S. Native of the East In- dies and Guinea. Cav. diss. 3. t. 53. f. 1. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1356. — Rumph. amb. 4. t. 16. Flowers yellow, with a dark purple centre. The leaves of this species are gratefully acid, and are eaten. In cataplasms they assist in dissolving hard tumours, &c. for which purpose the root is esteemed to be more efficacious. The whole plant is jirickly. Sural Hibiscus. Fl. July, .Sep. CIt. 1731. PI. strag- 35 H. radia'tus (Cav. diss. 3. p. 150. t. 54. f. 2.) stem suf- fruticosc, scabrous from stiff" prickles ; stipulas lanceolate ; leaves 5-7-parted into lanceolate, acuminated, serrated lobes ; pedicels very short ; leaflets of involucel 10, ciliated, with bristles ap- pendiculatcd. ©. S. Native of the East Indies. Sims, bot. mag. 1911. Flowers yellow with a dark centre. A'«y«/ Hibiscus. Fl. July, Aug. CIt. 1790. PI. 2 to 4 feet. 3(1 H. Lindle'i (Wall. ])1. asiat. rar. p. 4. t. 4.) suffruticose ; petioles and peduncles scabrous and prickly ; leaves roundish, cordate, palmately 3-7-parted ; lobes lanceolate, acuminated, serrated; flowers axillary, solitary; involucel of 8-10, linear, his- pid, ciliated leaflets, which arc 2-lobed at the apex ; corolla spreading ; capsule clothed with silky hairs, but at length it becomes smooth. \^ . S. Native of the Burman empire near Ava on mount Taong-Dong. Flowers purple, with a darker centre. Lindlei/'s Hibiscus. Fl. Nov. Shnd) 3 to 4 feet. 37 H. l'nidens (Lindl. l)ot. reg. 878.) stem prickly and pilose ; leaves smoothish, coarsely toothed, sometimes palmately 5-lobed, sometimes roundish ; flowers stalked, solitary ; leaflets of involucel shorter than the calyx, with a tooth-like appendage on the inside of each. ©. S. Native of Brazil. Flowers large, yellow, with a dark purple centre. OHf-/oo///c(^invohicellcd Hibiscus. Fl. July, Aug. CIt. 1822. PI. 2 to 4 feet. 38 H. furca'tds (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 31.) stem herba- ceous, and is as well as petioles and calyx covered with tuber- cles ; leaves rather ovate, triiid, lower ones quinquefid, with acu- minated serrated lobes; involucel of 9 bifid leaflets. 11. S. Native of Bengal. Flowers yellow, with a purple centre. /•b)74«/-involucelled Hibiscus. Fl. July, Sep. CIt. 1810. PI. 2 feet. 30 H. colli' Nis (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 31.) leaves smooth, 3-5-lobed, on long footstalks, cuneate at the base ; peduncles solitary, axillary, short, 1-flowered; leaflets of involucel numer- ous, forked, hairy as well as the stem. Q. S. Native of the East Indies. F'lowers yellow with a dark centre. //;// Hibiscus. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 40 H. sc.Ober (Miehx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 45.) stem herba- ceous, scabrous ; leaves rough, roundish, truncated at the base, upper ones palmately-lobed, with the lobes dilated aiul crcn.ite at the apex ; flowers sessile ; calyxes very hispid ; leaflets of in- volucel forked. 1/. F. Native of North America in marshes near the sea coast, from Carolina to Florida. Flowers large, yellow, with a dark purple centre. H. aculei\tus, Walt. fl. Car. 177. .StotroH,? Hibiscus. Fl. Jidy, Sep. CIt. 1810. PI. 2 feet. 41 H. KiTAiHELiFOLius (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 248. t. 48.) hairy ; leaves cordate, 3-5-lobed, dentately-serratcd, hispid ; in- voluccl of 10-1 1 -bifurcate leaflets, much shorter than the calyx, which is 5-glanded ; cells of ovary 10-ovulate. I; . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Alinas Ger.aes, on the banks of rivu- lets. Flowers violet. Kilaihtlia-lcaved Hibiscus. .Shrub 7 to 8 feet. 42 H. fuiickll.'v'tus (I)esrous. diet. enc. 3. p. 358.) stem shrubby ; branches and loaves downy ; leaves cordate, rather angular; involucel of 10 cylindrical, forked leaflets; calyxes MALVACEAE. XIII. Ilir.istus. 479 hispid. ^ . S. Native of Guiana. Flowers large, purplish, with a l)rown centre. .S'/Ho// /'orA-erf-involucelled Hibiscus. Shrub 3 to 10 feet. 43 H. Di'oDON (D. C. prod. 1. p. 449.) stem shrubby; brandies and leaves downy ; leaves cordate, 3-5.cleft, with the middle lobe acuminated; involucel of 10 cylindrical forked leaf- lets ; calyxes hispid. Ij . S. Native of Cayenne. Flowers yellow, with a purple bottom ? Tivo-toothed-'mvohiceWcA Hibiscus. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 44 H. flacellifo'rmis (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 243.) stem suffruticose, prostrate, rough ; leaves kidney-shaped, 5-angled, toothed, rough ; involucel of 8 bifurcate leaves, much shorter than the calyx, which is 5-glanded; ovary with 4-seeded cells, tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers axillary, and as if they were racemose at the tops of the branches, rose-coloured. Stipulas linear. iniip-formed-stemmcd Hibiscus. Shrub prostrate. 45 H. multifo'bmis (St. Hil. fi. bras. 1. p. 246.) stem herba- ceous, tomcntose ; leaves cordate or cordate-3-lobed, dentately serrated, scabrous; involucel of 10 bifurcate leaves, much shorter than the calyx ; ovary with 8-seeded cells. 1/ . S. Native of Brazil, in marshes. Flowers rose-coloured, with a darker centre. Many-formed Hibiscus. PI. 5 to 7 feet. 46 H. DEciPiENs (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 247.) shrubby, sca- brous from prickles ; leaves cordate or cordate-3-lobed, denticu- lately-serrated, rather scabrous; involucel of 8-10 bifurcate leaf- lets, longer than the calyx, which is 5-glanded ; ovary with 9- seeded cells. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro, in hedges. Flowers rose-coloured. Deceiving Hibiscus. Fl. Sept. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 47 H. uncine'llus (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 449.) stem shrubby; branches clothed with reflexed hairs ; leaves palmately 3-5-lobed, cordate at the base, toothed ; involucel of 10 leaflets each, furnished with a hooked appendage on the back. ^ . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers large, hardly open, of a violet-purple colour. //ooA-erf-appendaged Hibiscus. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 48 H. BicoRNis (Meyer, esseq. 231.) stem shrubby, and is as well as the petioles prickly ; leaves 3-5-lobed ; lobes auricii- lated, lanceolate, serrated ; leaflets of involucel 2-lobed, longer than the calyx. 1^ . S. Native of Guiana in pastures and woods. Corolla rose-coloured, with a purple centre, six times smaller than the calyx. 7'n'o-/iornfrf-involucelled Hibiscus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 49 H. bifurca'tus (Cav. diss. 3. p. 146. t. 51. f. 1.) stem shrubby, prickly towards the top of the branches ; pe- duncles and nerves of leaves furnished with reflexed prickles beneath ; leaves of S-5 acvmiinated-serrated lobes ; involucel of 10-17 hairy bifid leaflets. ^ . S. Native of Brazil and Porto- Rico. Flowers large, red. Tn'o-^orAerf-involucelled Hibiscus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825. Shrub 3 feet. Sect. VI. Abelmosciius (latinized from the Arabic name kabh-el-mish, which signifies musk-seed. The seeds of//. Ahel- moschus exhale a scent like musk.) Med. malv. p. 45. D. C. prod. 1. p. 449. Cells of capsule many-seeded. Seeds usually smooth, seldom with a villous line on the back. Corolla ex- panded. Involucel of 8 to 15, entire, narrow leaflets or seg- ments. Stigmas 5. § 1 . Stein prichly from tubercles. 50 II. Lambertia Nus (H. B. et Kimth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 291. t. 478.) stem prickly, simple, herbaceous; leaves ovate- lanceolate, acuminated, rounded at the base, serrate, hairy above, hoary and tomentose beneath ; involucel of 11 leaflets. ©? S. Native of Caraccas in humid places. Flowers large, purple, with a blood-coloured centre. Stigmas peltate, convex. Lambcrtian Hibiscus. Fl. July, Sept. PI. 6 feet. 51 H. tri'lobus (Cav. diss. 3. p. 11-7. t. 53. f. 2. exclusive of the synonyme of Rheed). Stem arboreous, prickly ; pedicels unarmed ; leaves cordate, with 3 serrated lobes, middle lobe longest ; involucel of 12 linear leaflets. h . S. Native of St. Dominique, in marshes. — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 159. Corolla pale scarlet, the size of those of H. Syriacus. Three-lobed-haved Hibiscus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub 10 feet. 52 H. DivEBSiFOLius (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. p. 551.) stem and petioles prickly ; pedicels short, unarmed, hairy ; leaves of 3-5 obtuse, toothed lobes ; upper ones oblong-lanceolate, undi- vided ; involucel of 9 linear leaflets. I7 . S. Native of the East Indies. Ker. bot. reg. t. 381, H. ficulneus, Cav. diss. 3. t. 51. f. 2. Flowers yellow with a dark violet centre. Dijfcrctit-leavcd Hibiscus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1798. Sh. 10 feet. 53 H. MActiLA'Tt's (Desrous. in diet. cncy. 3. p. 349.) stem and petioles prickly ; lower leaves palmate-parted, toothed ; upper ones ovate, somewhat 3-lobed ; involucel many-leaved ; calyx hispid, spotted. Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Flowers dark red. Spotted-caXy^ed Hibiscus. Shrub 6 feet. 54 H. CispLATENsis (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 250.) stem shrubby, prickly ; leaves cordate, acute, or cordate 3-lobed, nearly smooth ; involucel of 12 linear, acute leaflets, which are 3-tiraes shorter than the calyx. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in the western part of the province of Cisplatine. Flowers purplish. Cisplaiine Hibiscus. Fl. Dec. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 55 H. sple'ndens (Eraser, mss. Graham, in edinb. phil. journ. p. 175. Hook. bot. mag. t. 3025.) stem beset with sti-aight prickles and tubercles at the base ; corolla expanded, tomentose on the ribs beneath ; segment of the calyx 3-nerved, keeled ; leaflets of involucel numerous, linear, awl-sliaped, a little shorter than the calyx; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, much longer than the petioles ; leaves palmately 3-5-lobed ; lobes lanceolate. Tj . S. Native of New Holland. Flowers large, rose-coloured. Style protruding beyond the stamens. Splendid Hibiscus. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1828. Shrub 5 to 20 feet. 56 H. heterophy'lius (Vent. malm. t. 103.) stem shrubby, prickly ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, for the most part 3-lobed, with prickly serratures ; involucel 10-leaved. ^. G. Native of New Holland. Ker. bot. reg. t. 29. Flowers large, reddish- white, with a purple centre. H. grandiflorus, Sal. par. t. 22. Various-leaced Wihiscus. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1803. Sh. 6 ft. 57 H. canna'binus (Lin. spec. 979.) stem prickly; leaves palmately 5-parted, deeply serrated, with 1 gland beneath on the principal nerve ; flowers almost sessile ; calyx beset with glandular hairs. ©. S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers large, yellow, with a dark brown bottom. Cav. diss. 3. p. 148. t. 52. f 1. Roxb. cor. 2. t. 190. H. vitifolius. Mill. The bark of this species as well as that of H. sabdariffa is full of strong fibres, which the inhabitants of the Malabar coast prepare and make into cordage ; and it seems as if it might be wrought into fine strong thread of any size. Hemp Hibiscus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. PI. 2 to 5 ft. 58 H. VITIFOLIUS (Lin. mant. 569.) stem rather prickly ; leaves villous, tootiied, 5-angled, acuminated ; flowers droop- ing; capsule 5-winged, hairy; involucels 12-leaved. ©. S. Native of the East Indies. Cav. diss. 3. p. 145. t. 58. f. 2. Rheed. mal. 6. t. 46. Flowers yellow, with a dark purple centre. Stamens probably purple. Vine-leaved Wi\iisc\xs. Fl. Jul, Oct. Clt. 1690. PI. 1 to 3 ft. 480 MALVACE.^E. XIII. Iliniscus. 59 H. pivarica'ti-s (Graliam, in edinb. pliil. joiirn. for July, Oct. 1830.) corolla campamilatc ; involiicil 10-i)artf(l, glandii- l.irly-nmricaled, shorter than the calyx ; stem prickly ; leaves loiiiidish, cordate, rather lobed, unequally serrate-toothed, con- cave, stifl", pubescent on both surfaces. I7 . G. Native of Mor- ton Bay, New Holland. Tlowers sulphur-coloured, with a large line crimson centre. Peduncles axillary, collected at the tops of the branches. Z)/rnr(cn/t-branched Hibiscus. Fl. Juno, Aug. Clt. 1829. Shrub 3 feel. (50 H. oBTLSiFOLius (Willd. spec. 3. p. 829.) stem rather prickly ; leaves tomentose beneath, crenated, cordate, lower ones roundish, upper ones acuminated, 3-lobed, blunt ; capsules hairy, 5-uinged. 0. S. Native of the East Indies. Flower large, yellow, with a purple centre. Resembles //. lilif alius, and with it jierhaps will constitute a distinct section, on account of iheir .O-winged capsvdes. /;/««<-/«((•«/ Hibiscus. Fl. Jidy, Aug. CI. 1820. PI. 2 ft. 61 H.rsEV DO-ABELMo'sciiLS (Blum. bljdr. ex Schlecht. Lin- r,;ca. 1. p. CtiO.) stem perennial, beset w ith retrograde hispid hairs ; leaves palniately 5-lobcd, toothed, acuminated, upper ones acu- minated, sagittate, pilose on both surfaces as well as the capsule ; jicduncles shorter than the petiole; involucel C-10-leaved ; calyx cleft longitudinally. 1^ . S. Native of Java. Flowers yellow w ith a dark base. False-.lbclmoscliiis Hibiscus. Shrub 6 feet. 62 H. ca.nckli.a'tls (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 31.) stem shrubby, hispid, prurient ; leaves 5-lobed, on long petioles, cordate, ra- ther serrated, tomentose ; racemes terminal ; involucel 12-leaved. 1; . S. Native of Nipaul. H. racemosus, Lindl. bot. reg. 917. Flowers yellow with a dark purple centre. Very like //. j»u- iictis, Roxb. /.«»irc(/-involucclled Hibiscus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 63 H. ciUNiTis; plant setosely hispid ; leaves roundish, cor- date, acuminated, toothed, obtusely .'5-angled, upper ones sagit- tate; raceme few-Howered ; involucel 12-parted, ciliated ; seg- ments and stipulas linear, filiform; seeds smooth. ©. S. Native of the East Indies on moimtains at Prome. Abelmoschus crinitis, Wall. pi. asiat. rar. t. 44. Flowers large, yellow, with a dark purple centre. Hair;/ Hibiscus. Fl. Sept. Oct. PI. 3 feet. C4 II. heteho'trichus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 450.) stem hairy, intermixed with bristles; leaves cordate, acutely 5-lobed, toothed; upper ones 3-lobed, and are as well as calyxes hairy ; pedicels shorter than the petioles ; flowers drooping. ^ . S. Native of? Flowers like those of //. canndbitiiis. I'ariablc-hairid Hibiscus. PI. 2 feet. G5 H. aculea'tus; the whole plant jjriekly ; leaves deeply 3-lobcd ; lobes serrated ; stipulas kidney-shaped ; peduncles long, 1 -flowered, axillary; leaves of involucel falcate; calyxes ovale, acuminated, pilose. ©. S. Native of Sierra Leone in cultivated places. Flowers yellow with a purple centre. Per- haps belonging to this section. Prickly Hibiscus. PI. 1 foot. fj 2. Stem unarmed. • Annual plants. 66 H. escui.e'ntus (Lin. spec. 980.) leaves cordate, deeply 5-lobed, bluntish, toothed; petioles longer than the flowers ; involucel of 10-12-linear, ciliated, deciduous leaves; calyxes bursting lengthwise ; ca])sule i>yraniidal. ©. S. Native of l)oth Indies as well as being cidtivatetl in all |)arts of the world within the tropics and in some parts of France. Cav. diss. 3. t. 61. f. 2. F. — Sloane, hist. 1. p. 223. t. 133. f. 3. Flowers sulphur- coloured with a dark centre. Capsule pyramidal, furrowed, eat- able. The young pods of the okro .ire gatJiered preen and used in soups, or ])ickled like capers. They are full of niuri- tive mucilage, and buttered and spiced make u very rich dish. The seeds may be boiled like barley. There arc several species of Hibiscus cultivated under the name of Ohro differing much in the shape of their ])ods. Esculent Okro. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1C92. PI. 2 to 4 feet. 67 H. Ba'mmia (Link, enuin. 2. p. 227.) leaves 5-lobed, cre- nated; petioles longer than the flowers; involucel of 10-12 linear deciduous leaves ; calyx bursting lengthwise ; capsule long; stigmas 6-10. ©. S. Native of Africa, where we have seen it cultivated with the okro or //. esculenlus ; it is called the autumnal okro, and the young pods are used to m.ike okro soup. Cav. diss. 3. p. 168. t. 61. f. 3. Toz. mus. fir. 2. p. 57. t. 7. Bammia, Alp. Kgyp. p. 28. Flowers sulphur-coloured with a dark centre. It differs from //. esculintus in the leaves not being so deej)ly lobed, and in the pods being much longer. /?awoim or African Okro. Fl. Jiuie, Jidy. Clt. 1818. PI. 2 to 4 feet. 68 H. LOKciFLoRi-s (Willd. spec. 3. p. 827.) leaves palmately 3-5-parted, with deeply toothed lanceolate lobes ; petioles longer than the flower; involucels usually 10-leaved, deciduous; ca- lyxes bursting lengthwise. ©. S. Native of the East Indies. Flower yellow, with a dark centre. Long-flonered IWhhcus. Fl. Jidy, Oct. Clt. 1817. PI. 4 ft. • Perennial herbaceous plants. 69 H. mosciieu'tos (Lin. spec. 975.) leaves ovate, acuminat- ed, serrated, downy beneath ; petioles and peduncles joined to- gether ; involucels and calyxes downy ; capsides smooth. 11 . H. N.itive of North America in swamps and salt-marshes, from New York to Carolina ; j)lentifully in the marshes round the salt lake Onondago, New York. Flowers large, white, with a purplish centre, or sometimes pale purple. Cav. diss. 3. t. 65. f. 1. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 286. H. p.iliistris, Sims, bot. n).ig. t. 882. Mallow Rose or Musk Hibiscus. Fl. Aug. Oct. ? PI. 3 feet. 70 II. PALu'sTRis (Lin. spec. 976.) leaves ovate, toothed, somewhat 3-!obed, hoary with down beneath ; pedicels axillary, free from the petioles, jointed above the luiddlc. 1/. II. Native of North America in swamps and marshes, from Canada to Carolina. Cav. diss. 3. t. 65. f. 2. Flowers large, rose-coloured, white, and yellowish. Marsh Hibiscus. Fl. Aug. Oct, Clt. 1759. PI. 2 to 3 ft. 71 H. RosEus (Tlior. in Lois. fl. gall. 2. p. 434.) leaves cor- date, toothed, somewhat 3-lobcd, hoary from down beneath ; pedicels axillary, free from the petioles, 1 -flowered, and jointed above the middle. 11 . H. Native of France on the banks of the river Adour. Sweet, fl. gard. 277. Flowers rose-coloured. /lOic-coloured-flowered Hibiscus. Fl. July, Oct. PI. 2 to 4 ft. 72 H. a(jua'ti(is (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. 627.) leaves ovate, toothed, somewhat 3-lobed, hoary from down beneath ; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered, free from the petioles, jointed near the base. '2;. H. Native of Etruria in marshes. Flowers white. II. ])alustris, Sav. cent. 1. p. 126. /('fl^r Hibiscus. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1819. PI. 2 to 3 feet, 73 II. inca'nis (Willd. spec. 3. p. 807.) leaves ovate, acu- minated, bluiuly serrated, hoary from down on both stirfaces ; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered, free from the petioles, jointed about the middle. T^.H. Native of Carolina. Wendl. hort. hcrrcnch. 4. t. 24. Flowers very large, sulphur-coloured. Hoanj Hibiscus. Fl. Sep. Clt. 1806. PI. 2 to 4 feet. 74 li. .milita"ris (Cav. diss. 6. p. 352. t. 198. f. 2.) leaves 3-lobed, halbert-shaped, acuminated, serrated, smooth on both surfaces ; pedicels jointed in the middle ; corolla rather campa- nulate ; caj>sules ovate, acuminated, smooth; seeds silky. ■Ji. MALVACE^. XIII. Hibiscus. 481 F. N.itivc of North America on the banks of rivers in Louis- iana and the western parts of Pennsylvania and Carohna. Sims, bot. mag. t. '23S5. Cav. diss. (!. t. 198. f. 2. H. lac" vis, Scop, del. 3. t. 17. H. Virginicus, Walt. fl. carol. 177. H. hastatus, Mich. fl. bor. anier. 2. p. 4j. H. riparins, Pers. ench. 2. p. 254. Flowers large, purple. Perhaps this plant belongs to section liombicella, on account of the seeds being silky. Military Hibiscus. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 180 t. PI. 3 to 4 ft. 75 H. sPECiosus (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. p 45G.) leaves smooth, palmately 5-parted, with lanceolate-acuminated lobes, which are serrated at the apex ; pedicels jointed under the apex ; corolla spreading; capsule ovate, smooth, 5-angled. 1/ . F. Native of North America on the banks of rivers in South Carolina and Florida. Curt. bot. mag. t. .'JGO. Wendl. hort. herrench. t. 11. H. coccineus, Walt. fl. car. p. 177. Flowers very large, scarlef. Handsome Hibiscus. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1801. PI. 2 to 8 ft. 76 H. GRANDiFLORUs (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 46.) leaves triangular, cordate, 3-lobed, coriaceous, clothed with fine tomen- tum on both surfaces, hoary beneath ; capsules tomentose, very hairy, somewhat truncate. 1/ . F. Native of North America in salt marshes in Georgia and Florida, and on the banks of the Mississippi. Flowers very large, flesh-coloured, with a darker centre. The fruit is yellow. Gcea<-/onererf Hibiscus. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1778. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 77 H. unicau'lis (D. C. ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 258.) stem simple, very villous ; leaves cordate, roundish, angular, sinu- ately-denticulated, hairy above, but white from villi beneath ; peduncles solitary, shorter than the petioles ; leaflets of involucel spatulate, equal with the calyx; capsule very hispid. %. G, Native of? Perhaps shrubby. One-stemmed Hibiscus. PI. 2 to 3 feet ? 78 H. fd'gax (Mart, ex Spreng. syst. 2. app. 258.) leaves almost sessile, oblong, acuminated, tomentose beneath, as well as the branches ; peduncles 1 -flowered, shorter than the leaves. 1/ ? Tj ? S. - Native of Brazil. Fugacious Hibiscus. PI. 2 to 4 feet. * * * Shrubby species, 79 H. si'mplex (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 5 1 .) arboreous, smooth ; leaves 3-lobed, acuminated ; middle lobe longest ; peduncles axillary, solitary, longer than the petioles ; involucel 8-9-leaved, shorter than the calyx ; leaflets lanceolate; capsule hispid, glo- bose. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers shewy, red. Simple Hibiscus. Tree. 80 H. lasioca'rpus (Cav. diss. 3. p. 159. t. 70. f. 1.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrated, tomentose ; pedicels axillary ; calyx tomentose ; involucel ciliated ; capsule bristly. Ij . S. Native of? Involucel usually of 13 leaflets. Hairy-fruited Hibiscus. Shrub 10 feet. 81 H. ferrugi'neus (Cav. diss. 3. p. 162. t. 60. f. 1.) leaves cordate, obtuse, toothed, scabrous ; pedicels axillary, longer than the petioles ; stem clothed with rusty down ; capsule setose, Ij . S. Native of Madagascar. Flowers reddish, about the size of those of //. Tribnum. iJui^y-stemmed Hibiscus. Clt. 1824. Shrub 10 feet. 82 H. suLPHu REUS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 289.) leaves oblong, blunt at both ends, quite entire, smoothish above, hoary from tomentum beneath; involucel 10-leaved, shorter than the calyx ; cells of ovary usually 5-seeded ; stigmas many, capitate. >2 • S. Native of Caraccas. Flowers sul- phur-coloured, with a purple centre. Var. /3, acutif alius (D. C. prod. 1. p. 451.) leaves larger, acute ; capsules somewhat globose, acute, clothed with silky hairs. I;. S. Native of New Andalusia on mount Cocollar. VOL. I. PART VI. 6'«//)/(«r-coloured-flowcred Hibiscus. Shrub 4 to 8 feet. 83 H. aifi'nis (H. B. et Kimth, I. c.) leaves oblong, acute, blunt at the base, quite entire, hairy above, but hoary from tomentum beneath ; involucel 9 or 10-leaved, equal in length to the calyx ; cells of ovary 4 or 5-seeded. f^ . S. Native of South America between Angustura and Trapiche de Farreras. Flowers sulphur-coloured, with a purple centre. Style 3-5 cleft. Allied Hibiscus. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 84 H. Cavanillesia'nus (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves some- what rhomboidal, ovate-oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, coarsely serrated, hairy on both surfaces from starry down ; cells of ovary usually 4-seeded ; style 5-cleft. ^ . S. Native on the banks of the river Amazon near Tomependa. Plowers violet-coloured. Capsides depressed, ovate. Cava7iilles's Hibiscus. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 85 H. LUNARiFOLius (WlUd. spec. 3. p. 811.) leaves roundish, cordate, acuminated, sharply toothed, hairy beneath ; pedicels thickened, villous ; involucel length of calyx. "J/ . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers the size and colour of those of //. Mdnihot. Involucel of 10 linear leaves. Lunaria-leaved Hibiscus. PI. 3 to 6 feet. 86 H. Brasilie'nsis (Lin. spec. 977.) leaves cordate, tooth- letted ; branches, petioles, pedicels, and calyxes hairy ; invo- lucel twice as long as the calyx. 1j . S. Native of Brazil. Resembles //. mutdbilis. Flowers yellow. Involucel 8-leaved. Brazilian Hibiscus. Shrub 3 feet. 87 H. .SItiiio'picus (Lin. niant. 258.) leaves wedge-shaped, generally 5 -toothed, covered with starry hairs ; pedicels longer than the leaves; involucel 8 or 10-leaved, hispid. Tj . G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Cav. diss. 3. t. 6. f. 1. Plant smelling of musk. Flowers about the size of those of a straw- berry, perhaps purple. yEthio'pian Viihhcns. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 ft. 88 H. microphy'llus (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 50.) leaves oval, hairy, serrated in front, somewhat 5-nerved ; pedicels length of leaves ; involucel of 9-10 setaceous leaflets, longer than the calyx. y^. G. Native of Arabia Felix. H. flavus, Forsk. descr. 126. Stamens 10-16. Stigmas 10. Flowers yellow. Small-leaved Hibiscus. Shrub 1 foot. 89 H. VELUTiNus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 452.) leaves cordate, bluntly-toothed, soft, hoary and velvety on both surfaces ; stem suflTruticose ; pedicels a little longer than the petioles ; involucel of 8-10 linear leaflets, which are rather broadest at the apex; capsules roundish, hispid. \ . S. Native of the island of Timor. FeZi'cfy-leaved Hibiscus. Clt. 1818. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 90 H. soRORius (Lin. fil. suppl. 311.) leaves cordate, cre- nated, scabrous ; stem suffiuticose, hairy ; involucel of 10 terete leaflets, which are dilated at the apex. ^i. S. Native of Suri- nam. Corolla as in H. Mdnihot. Sister Hibiscus. Shrub 3 feet. 91 H. Glinee'nsis ; stem erect, branched, pilose; leaves trifid or 5-lobed, serrated, subcordate, beset with forked hairs beneath ; flowers racemose ; peduncles short, pilose. ij . S. Native of Guinea. Corolla large, yellow. Perhaps belonging to this section. Guinea Hibiscus. Fl. June, Aug. Shrub 6 feet. 92 H. muta'bilis (Lin. spec. 977.) leaves cordate, angular, 3-5-lobed, acuminated, toothed, and are as well as the branches rather downy ; pedicels almost the length of the leaves ; invo- lucel 7-10-leaved; lobes of calyx elongated, 5-nerved. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies. Cav. diss. 3. t. 62. f. 1. And. bot. rep. 228. H. Sinensis, Mill. diet. no. 2. — Rumph. amb. 4. p. 27. t. 9. — Rheed. mal. 6. p. 66. t. 38 — 41. Flowers white in the movninT, changing to a flesh-colour towards noon, but becom- ing rose-coloured towards the evening, usually double, resembling 3Q 482 MALVACEJ-. XIII. HiBisccs, tliosf of a HoUijhoik. This plant is often cultivated in gardens witiiin tlie tropics for tlic bcautv of its riowcrs. C7/«Hi'cai/c-flowered HibiscJs. Fi. Oct. Dec. Clt. 1690. Slirub 12 feet. 93 H. adsce'kdens ; suffruticose ; brandies ascending, pilose ; leaves 3-5-lobed ; lobes acute, serrated, tomentose beneath ; ))c-(iuncles solitary, long ; calyx pilose. Ij . S. Native of Guinea. Flowers large, yellow. Perhaps belonging to section Furcaria, but the involucel is unknown. /Iscending Hibiscus. Shrub 3 feet, straggling. 9t H. cicuiiBiT.VcEUs (St. Ilil. fl. bras. 1. p. ZV\.) shrubby, hairy, unarmed ; leaves roundish, cordate, dentatily-scrrated, stellately-pubescent ; involucel of 12 awl-shaped leaflets, much shorter than the calyx, which is 5-glanded; cells of ovary 4- ovulate. y> . S. Native of Brazil in the western part of the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers rose-coloured. I'ar. ji, cuncifitius (St. Hil. 1. c.) le.ives cunoated at the base. Gourd-Ukc Hibiscus. Fl. Sept. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 95 H. LAXiFLORis (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 215.) stem herba- ceous ? scabrous, unarmed ; leaves cordate, roundish or cuneate- ovate," denticulated, rough ; involucel 8-9-leaved, awl-shaped, much shorter than the calyx, wliicli is 5-glanded ; cells of ovary 7-ovulate. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in tlie province of Goyaz. Flowers purplish, but with a pale flesh-coloured centre. Laxjhncrcd Hibiscus. I'l. June. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. DC II. clvi'ea'tis (Lin. spec. 980.) leaves cordate, angular, sparingly toothed, smoothish ; branches velvety ; pedicels longer than tiie petioles ; involucel 8-9-leaved ; lobes of calyx oval- oblong, 3-nerved ; capsules turbinate, truncated, hispid. H . S. Native of Jamaica in bushy places, and of St. Domingo. Cav. diss. 3. t. 58. f. 1.— Sloan, jam. hist. 1. t. 135. f. 1. Flowers dusky-yellowish. This plant is called by the negroes in Jamaica Congo-Malioe. Perhaps originally from Africa. •S'/iieW-capsuled Hibiscus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. Shrub 8 feet. 97 H. Abelmoschi-s (Lin. spec. 980.) leaves somewhat pel- late, cordate, 5-7-angled, acuminated, serrated; stem hispid; jiedieels usually longer than the petioles ; involucel 8-9-leaved ; capsules conical, covered with bristles, fj . S. Native of the East Indies and South America. Cav. diss. 3. t. C2. f. 2. — Margr. bras. 45. t. 45. — Mer. surin. 42. t. 42. — Rumph. amb. 4. p. 38. t. 15. Rlieed. nial. 2. p. 71. t. S8. Flowers sulphur-coloured, with a dark-purple centre. Ahclmoschus is derived from the Arabic Kabb-el-xMisk, grain or seed of musk. It has large seeds of a very musky odour, which are frequently used as a substitute for animal musk in scenting powders and pomatums. In Arabia and Egypt they are groinul and mixed witif coflee to render it more agreeable to the palate. Musk Okro Hihiacus. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1640. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 98 II. erioca'rvis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 452.) leaves smooth, ovate at the ba.se, 5-nerved, 3-lobed ; lobes acuminated, entire ; pedicels longer than the petioles ; involucel of 8 or 9 oblong, wa\ed, somewhat toothed, leaflets; capsules sub-globose, very hispid both on the inside and outside. fj . S. Native of Ben- gal. Flowers yellow, with a dark centre ! lioclly-fruitedHibiacus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 to 1 0 feet. 99 II. ql'inque'lodis ; leaves cordate, 5-lobed, rough; lobes acuminated, toothed, on long petioles ; flowers in terminal spiked racemes. J; . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Habit of H, mutdbilis. Flowers yellow. Perhaps belonging to this section, but the involucel and seeds are unknown. /•'ii(-/<(/)f(/-leaved Hibiscus. Shrub 6 feet. 100 II. Dominck'nsis (Jaeq. icon. rar. 3. t. 550.) leaves 3-5- lobed, toothed ; stem arboreous, prickly ; pedicels unarmed, hairy ; involucel usually of 1 2 setaceous leaflets ; calyx flattened at the base. J^ . .S. Native of St. Domingo. Flowers large, rose-coloured, with a darker centre. St. Domingo Hibiscus. Shrub 10 feet. 101 H. stria'tus (Cav. diss. 3. p. 146. t. 54. f. 1.) leaves 3- lobed, halbert-shaped, serrated, smooth ; stem and pedicels prickly ; involucel of 8-10 setaceous leaflets ; calyx ovate at the base. fj.S. Native of? Flowers yellow. H. Domingdnsis var. striitus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 820. .S7rin/f(f-stemmed Hibiscus. Shrub 6 feet. 102 H. vem'stus (Blum, bijdr. ex Schleclit. Linnaea. 1. p. 050.) shrubby ; leaves roundish-cordate, half-3-lobed, acute, grossly toothed, velvety above from stellate hairs, tomentose be- neath, as well as the branches, and mixed with stellate bristles ; peduncles shorter than the petioles , involucel usually 5-lcaved ; leaflets ovate, acute, equal in length to the capsule ; capsule ovate-globose, 5-angled, hispid. h . S. Native of Java. Flowers single or double, white or yellow, changeable ? Like //. muldljil'm. Bcaidiful Hibiscus. Shrub 12 feet. Sect. V'II. Bombice'lla (from fio^flvl, homhyx, one of the Greek names of cotton ; in allusion to the cottony seeds.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 452. Bombyx, JMedik. malv. p. 44. Cells of capsule many-seeded. Seeds woolly or cottony. Corollas usually ex- panded. Involucel 5 to 12-leaved. 103 H. SALVi.EFoLlus (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 249.) shrubby, pruinosely-pubescent, imarmed ; leaves ovate- lanceolate, den- tately-serrated, lioary-tomentose beneath ; involucel of 12-linear- acute leaflets, 3-times shorter than the calyx ; cells of ovary many-ovulate. '; . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers rose-co- loured. Seeds woolly. Sage-leaved Hibiscus. Fl. May. Shrub 6 feet. 101- H. PiiffiNi'cEUs (Lin. fd. suppl. 310. Willd. spec. 3. p. 813.) leaves ovate, acuminated, serrated, lower ones somewhat cordate, 3-lobed ; pedicels jointed under the middle ; involucel 10-leaved, shorter than the calyx. f; . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers purj)lish. Ker, hot. rcg. t. 230. Jacq. vind. t. 4. Cav. diss. 3. t. 67. f. 2. Serratures of leaves bristly. /"Mr/j/c'-flowered Hibiscus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1796. Shrub 6 feet. 105 H. BETULfNus (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 292.) plant herbaceous, branched ; leaves deltoid-ovate, acute, rounded at the base, crenately-serrated, a little hairy on both surfaces; involucel 9-1 1-leaved ; capsules rather globose, with few-seeded cells. 1/ . S. Native near Cumana in South Ame- rica. F'lowers white. Birvh-likc Hibiscus. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 106 H. inilatera'lis (Cav. diss. 3. p. 158. t. 67. f. F. c.) leaves ovate, acuminated, toothed ; pedicels longer than the leaves, jointed above the middle ; involucel 9-leaved ; stamens unilateral. (; . S. Native of St. Domingo. Plum. cd. Burn), t. 100. f. 1. Flowers scarlet. H. columbinus, Moc. ct Sesse, fl. nicx. icon. incd. is the same in every particular, but the stamens are not unilateral. t'H;/«/cra/-stamened Hibiscus. Shrub 4 feet. 107 II. RUOMBiFoLius (Cav. diss. 3. p. 156. t. 69. f. 3.) leaves, rhomboidal-ovate, undivided, crenated at the apex, acu- minated ; pedicels very short ; involucel 7-leaved. Ij . S. Na- tive of the East Indies. Flowers purple. Rhomb-leaved WM&QUi. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. Sh. 6 ft. 108 H. oossYpfNts (Thunb. prod. 118.) leaves ovate, ser- rated ; petioles and stems hispid ; pedicels jointed above the middle, hairy, a little longer than the leaves ; involucel small, 7-leaved. 1; . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burch. cat. no. 2304. ? Flowers purple ' 1 MALVACEAE. XIII. Hibiscus. 483 C'o/;o»!y-sec(lcil Hibiscus. Fl. Jul. Ausr. Clt. 1818. Sh. 4 ft. lOS) H. Kosa-Malaba'rica (Kou. ex Spreiifi. syst. 3. p. 105.) brandies liairy ; leaves cordate, soniowliat 3-lobecl, serrated; peduncles elongated, equal ; leaflets of involucel 5-6, linear, equal in lengtli to the calyx. Tj . S. Native of Malabar. Ker. bot. reg. t. 337. H. liirtus, Lin. spec. 977. Cav. diss. ."J. t. 07. f 3. Flowers bright red, and also wliite. Malabar-rvsc. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 110 H. micra'nthus (Cav. diss. 3. p. 155. t. 66. f. 1.) leaves ovate or roundish, undivided, serrated, scabrous ; pedicels longer than the leaves ; corollas reflexed ; involucel 7-leaved. ^7 . 8. Native of the East Indies. H. micranthus and H. ri- gidus, Lin. fil. suppl. 308 and 310. according to Ait. hort. kevv. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 226. Flowers yellow, small, Small-fonrrecl Hibiscus. Fl. Jti. Jul. Clt. 1794. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 111 H. spatiia'ceus (Blum, bijdr. ex Sclileclit. Linna^a. 1. p. G50.) leaves orbicularly-cordate, aciuuinated, denticulated, clothed with stellate villi beneath ; branches covered with fasci- cles of hairs; involucel 8-1 0-parted. Tj . S. Native of Java. Spathaccous Hibiscus. Shrub 2 feet. 112 H. clandesti'nus (Cav. icon. 1. p. 1. t. 2.) leaves ovate, somewhat cordate, toothed, roughish ; lower ones obso- letely 3-lobed ; pedicels jointed under the apex, length of leaves ; involucel 6-leaved ; calyx enclosing the petals. Iq . S. Native of Senegal. Flowers whitish, becoming violet as they wither. Clandestine Hihkcus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Sh. 3 ft, 113 H. ovalifolius (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 50.) leaves oval and rather angular, hispid ; stem scabrous from starry hairs ; invo- lucel 5-leaved. Tj . G. Native of Arabia Felix on mountains. Urena ovalif olia, Forsk. descr. 124. Flowers yellow, with a dark centre, about the size of those of H. vitifblius. Oval-leaved Hibiscus. Shrub 6-10 feet. 114 H. virga'tus (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea, 1. p. 650.) leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminated, remotely-toothed above, lower ones cuneiform-ovate, 3-lobed ; peduncles shorter than the leaves, jointed above the middle; involucel 8-10- leaved. f; . S. Native of Java. Flowers yellow? Tiviggy Hibiscus. Shrub 4 feet. Sect. VIII. Trio'xum irpiovov, trionon, a name applied by Theophrastes to a Malvaceous plant, said to be derived from rpf ic, treis, three ; from the 3 divisions of the leaf or from the 3 colours of the flowers). Medik. malv. p. 46. D. C. prod. 1. p. 453. Cells of capsule many-seeded. Seeds smooth. Co- rolla expanded. Involucel many-leaved. Calyx bladdery, in- flated, full of nerves. 115 H. Trio~num (Lin. spec. 981.) leaves toothed, lower ones almost undivided, upper ones 3-parted ; lobes lanceolate, with the middle one very long ; calyx inflated, membranaceous, full of nerves. ©. H. Native of Italy and Carniola. Flowers cream-coloured with a dark-purple centre. Cav. diss. 3. t. 64. f. 1. Curt. bot. mag. t. 209. Three-coloured-&o\\ered or Bladder Ketmia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1596. PI. i to U foot. 116 H. Hi'spiDus (Mill. diet. no. 21.) leaves toothed, lower ones 3-lobed, upper ones 5-parted, blunt ; lobes lanceolate, with the middle one longest ; calyxes inflated, membranaceous, full of nerves ; stem hispid. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ker. bot. reg. t. 806. H. Trionum, var. y, hispidus, D. C. prod. 1. p. 453. Flowers yellow, with a dark-brownish purple centre. Tar. /3, ternatus (Cav. diss. 3. p. 172. t. 64. f. 3.) leaves nearly all 3-parted, with coarsely-toothed lobes ; pedicels scarcely longer than the petioles ; stem dwarf. Native of the Cape of Good Hope Var. c, cordifolius (Moench. suppl. 202. imder Trionum,) radical leaves cordate, roundish, upper ones 3-parted. H. Afri- canus, Roth, beitr. 1 . p. 43. //;,s^«rf-stemnKd Ketmia. Fl. Jul. Oct. Clt. 1713. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 117 H. TRiONOiDES ; stem shrubby, hispid; leaves 3-5- lobcd, middle lobe very long, all unequally toothed ; calyx in- flated. It . G. Native of New Holland (Caky). Flowers yellowish with a dark centre. A weak shrub. Trionum-like Ketmia. Shrub 1 foot. 118 H. Humbo'ldth (Mart. mss. Coll, hort. rip. p. 350.) radical leaves almost undivided and cordate, upper ones more or less parted. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Perhaps H. hispidus var. c, cordifolius, D. C. prod. 1. p. 453. Flowers sulphur-coloured, with a dark centre. Humboldt's Ketmia. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 119 H. VESICA Rius (Cav. diss. 3. p. 171. t. 62. f. 2.) leaves toothed, lower ones undivided, upper ones 5-cleft with oblong, blunt lobes ; calyx inflated, membranaceous, full of nerves. ©. H. Native of Africa. H. Africanus, Mill. diet. no. 20. Flowers yellow with a dark-brownish purple centre. B/addery-calyxed Ketmia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1713. PI. I to U foot. 120 H. RicHARDsoNii (Sweet, hort. brit. 1. p. 51. Lindl. bot. reg. t. 875.) suftruticose ; leaves hairy, 5-lobed; lobes linear-oblong, coarsely toothed ; calyx villous, longer than the involucrum ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, shorter than the leaves, or in terminal racemes. Tj . G. Native of New South Wales. Corolla yellow, with a purple bottom. Richardson's Ketmia. Fl. June, Aug. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. Sect. IX. Sabdari'pfa (a name given by the Turks to //. sabdariffa). D. C. prod. 1. p. 453. Cells of capsule many- seeded. Seeds smooth. Involucel 1 -leaved, many-toothed, joined together at the base, or even to the middle and with the calyx. Annual plants with smooth, thickish leaves. This section nearly agrees in character with the following genus Paritium. 121 H. sabdari'ffa (Lin. spec. 978.) leaves fleshy, toothed, lower ones ovate, undivided, middle ones 3-lobed, cuneated at the base ; flowers almost sessile ; involucel 10-12-lobed. ©. S. Native of the East Indies. Cav. diss. 3. t. 198. f. 1. Bonpl. nav. t. 29. Lois. herb, araat. t. 296. Stems unarmed, smooth, red. Flowers sulphur-coloured with a dark-red centre. The name of this plant in the West Indies is Red-sorrel. The calyxes and the capsules, freed frovn the seeds, make very agree- able tarts ; and a decoction of them, sweetened and fermented, is commonly called sorrel cool-drink. It is a small diluting liquor much used in our sugar colonies, and reckoned very re- freshing in those sultry climates. The leaves are used in salads. Sabdariffa is the Turkish name for this plant. ,S'aM«)7ja or Red-sorrel. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1596. PI. 1 to 3 feet. 122 H. DiGiTATUs (Cav. diss. 3. p. 151. t. 70. f. 2.) leaves palmately 5-parted, witli lanceolate serrated lobes ; petioles mu- ricated ; flowers almost sessile, solitary ; involucel 7-cleft. © . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers white, with a dark-red centre. Var. ft, Kerrianus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 453.) leaves variable, some of them 3-5-cleft, others ovate, undivided, toothed. ©. S. Native of Brazil at Rio Janeiro. H. digitatus, Ker. bot. reg. t. 608. Flowers white with a red centre as well as being red on the outside. Perhaps a distinct species from the plant of Cavanilles. Digitate-Xeaved Hibiscus. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1816. PI. 2 ft. ■\ Species not sufficiently hnonm. 123 H. DiGiTiFORMis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 454.) leaves digitate, usually of 9 equal very narrow lobes, somewhat pubescent ; pe- tioles clothed with cinereous down. ^ , S. Native of? H. 3q 3 48i MALVACE^. XIII. Hibiscus. XIV. Parithm. (lisilatiis, Poir. siippl. 3. p. 220. but not of Cav. Flowers yel- low with a piirplf centre. /■'ingcr:j . G. Native of China. Braam. icon. chin. 182L t. 24. Flowers white. Resembles //. plueniccus. C/khcw Hibiscus. Shrub 4 feet. 141 H. cucLKBiTrNus (Burch. cat. geogr. no. 1481. voy. 1. p. 278.) plant trailing, tomentose ; leaves roundish, repand, less downy above ; flowers crowded, racemose, axillary. 0? G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope near Dwaal river. Corolla brown, campanulate, hardly longer than the calyx. It is called by the Hottentots Jlildc Kalcbas. Guurd-V\ke Hibiscus. PI. trailing. There are several other species of Hibiscus which are only known by name, viz. H. setbsus, Ro.xb. //. tortubsus, Roxb. //. Irumntus, Roxb. //. Chininsis, Roxb. //. strictus, Roxb. //. pentaphi'illus, Roxb. Jl.J'ragraiis, Roxb, //. Ulralocularis, Roxb. and //. pumiUs, Roxb. Cult. The species are all showy-flowering plants. The shrubby stove kinds thrive best in a mixture of loam and peat. Cuttings will strike root readily in s.md or mould under a hand- glass, in heat. The green-house shrubby species require nearly the same treatment as the stove kinds. The annual stove species should be sown in pots and placed in a hot-bed frame, and when the pl.ints are of sufficient size they should be separ- ated and ])lanted singly in pots, in a mixture of loam and peat ; and after they have recovered this shifting they should be removed to the stove, where they may remain until they have ripened their seed. The H. Syriacus or AlUueafrutcx is the only hardy shrubby species. It will thrive well in any common garden- soil, and may be either rai.sed in abundance from seeds or layers. The difli-Tent varieties of this plant may be grafted on each other, and cuttings planted under a hand-glass will strike root freely. The hardy herbaceous species, which are very showy, chiefly belong to section Ahclmosclius, thrive best in a moist soil, but being rather tender most of them require protection in severe winters ; they are only to be increased by dividing the plants at the root in spring. XIV. PARI'TIUM (Pari/i is the Malabar n.ime of T'. /1//V1- ceuvi). .St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 255. Pariti, Adans. Hibiscus, sect. x. Azanza, 1). C. prod. 1. p. 454. LlN. svsT. Monadilphia, I'ulijandria. Calyx girded by a 10- MALVACEiE. XIV. Paritium. XV. Lagunaria. 485 14-tootlied or 10-14-cloft involucel, shorter than the calyx. Stamiiiirorous tube 5-tootlied, naked. Style S-clelt exserled above the staminiterous tube. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved ; valves with dissepiments in the middle, appearing as if the capsule was 10-celled. Seeds kidney-shaped. Trees or shrubs. Leaves entire, crenated or lobed, glandular at the base on the nerves. Stipulas twin, broad, ovate. Peduncles 1 -flowered, axil- lary, or terminal and bibracteolate. Flowers yellow or jnirplish. This genus has been separated from Ilib'tsciis, we shall therefore retain the authorities for the species under that genus. 1 P. TRicu'sPis (Cav. diss. 3. p. \5i. t. 55. f. 21. under Hi- biscus,) leaves hoary, 3-lobed ; lobes lanceolate, a little toothed ; peduncles axillary, usually 2-flowered, disposed in racemes at the top of the branches ; involucel 9-toothed. Jj . S. Native of the Society Islands. H. hastatus, Lin. fil. suppl. 310. Corolla yellow, with a brown centre, changing to red as they fade, as in P. tiliaccum. Thice-poinlcd-leaved rarhium. Clt. 1820. Tree 25 feet. 2 P. AzANZX (D. C. prod. 1. p. 45 I. under Hibiscus,) leaves smooth, lower ones palmately-lobed, middle ones cordate, upper ones ovate, entire; involucel 10-l2-toothed. ^. S. Native of Mexico. Azanza insignis, Moo. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers large, scarlet. Azanza s Paritium. Tree 20 feet. 3 P. ciRciNNA TUM (WiUd. euum. 735. under Hibiscus,) leaves orbicular, cordate, acuminated, very entire, hoary-pubescent beneath; involucel 10-toothed. I;. S. Native of Caraccas. Flovver purplish ? Like P. elatum. /founrf-leaved Paritium. Clt. 1820. Tree 30 feet. 4 P. tilia'ceum (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p.l56.) leaves crenulated, cordate, acuminated, smooth above and hoary from down be- neath, 9-11-nerved ; involucel 10-lobed. Ti . S. Native of the East Indies and Brazil. H. tiliaceus, Lin. spec. 976. Cav. diss. 3. t. 55. f. 1. Ker. hot. reg. t. 232. Pariti, Rheed. mal. 1. t. 30. — Rumph. amb. 2. p. 218. t. 73. Leaves furnished at the nerves beneath with 1-3 linear pores. Flowers sulphur-coloured, with a large ))urplish-brown spot at the base of each petal. In the island of Otaheite they make matting of the bark of this tree as fine as our coarse cloth. Also ropes and lines, from the size of an inch to that of a small packthread ; and fishing nets. Forster informs us they also suck this bark for food, when the bread-fruit fails them ; and in New Caledonia the in- habitants frequently subsist on it, though it is an insipid food, affording very little nourishment. ZiW- . S. Native of Jamaica, Porto-Rico, French Guiana, &c. Leaves furnished on the middle nerve beneath with a linear pore. The bark of this tree is very pliable and is made into cordage of various descriptions. It is called in Jamaica umbrella tree. Flowers large, of a purplish-copper colour. Tw// Paritium. Clt. 1790. Tree 50 feet. C P. Guinee'nse (D. C. prod. 1. p. 454. \mder Hibiscus,) leaves roundish, cordate, quite entire, hoary from pubescence beneath ; peduncles 1 -flowered, longer than the petioles; invo- lucel very short, 10-toothed. 1^ . S. Native of Guinea. Re- sembles P. tiliaceum, but the flowers are twice the size. It is called in our colonies on the coast of Guinea umbrella tree, from the shade it affords. Flowers at first yellow, but become purplisii as they fade, like those of P. tiliaceum. Guinea Paritium. Fl. April. Clt. 1822. Tree 40 feet. 7 P. si'mile (Blum, bijilr. ex Schlecht. Linnaaa. 1. p. 651. under Hibiscus,) leaves orbicularly-cordate, acuminated, crenu- lated, covered with white stellate tomentum beneath ; involucel 10-cleft. fj . S. Native of Java. Flowers sulphur-coloured, witii a purplish-brown centre. Leaves with S-5 linear pores on the nerves beneath. Similar Paritium. Tree 40 feet. 8 P. Gange'ticum ; leaves ov.ite, cordate, sometimes slightly 3-lobed, rufescent beneath ; involucel connate at the base ; branches and petioles rufescent ; peduncles long or short, axil- lary and terminal. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers yellow witli a dark-purple bottom ? Hibiscus Gangeticus, Roxb. Can^eiic Paritium. Clt. 1800. Tree 30 feet. 9 P. macrophy'llum (Roxb. hort. beng. under Hibiscus,) villous ; leaves large, roundish-cordate, acuminated, crenulated, pale and gkandular beneath ; petioles and peduncles hairy- tomentose ; involucel 12-1 4-cleft ; capsules many-seeded ; seeds bearded on the margins. ^. S. Native of Bengal, Chitta- gong, and Silhet. H. macropjiyllus, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 51. Wall. pi. asiat. rar. p. 44. t. 51. Flowers terminal and axillary, solitary or twin, large, yellow, with a purple centre. There is a large single spatha which incloses the flower-bud and a 2- leaved spatha which incloses the leaf-bud. Stigmas 5-G. Largc-lcaicd Varithim. Clt. 1810. Tree 40 feet. 10 P. abutiloi'des (Willd. enum. 736. under Hibiscus,) leaves roundish, cordate, acuminated, crenate, green, and smooth on both surfaces ; stipulas cordate-ovate. Jj . S. Native of South America. — Sloan, jam. hist. 1. t. 134. f. 4. exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers the colour of the preceding. The bark of this species being very pliable is made into cordage. Mulberry-like Paritium. Clt. 1820. Tree 30 feet. IIP. Pernambuce'nse (Bertol. exc. p. 13. under Hibiscus,) leaves profoundly cordate, roundish, acuminated, crenated ; older j . S. Native of the East Indies, Guinea, and the Society Islands. Hibiscus popiilneus, Lin. spec. 976. Cav. diss. 3. p. 1.52. t. 56. f. 1.— Rheed. mal. 1. p. 51. t. 29. Pedicels 1-2 inches long. Floxvers large, yellowish, with a dark- red centre, inclining to green, becoming reddish as they decay. This tree is very commonly cultivated about convents and mo- nasteries within the tropics. It is called umbrella tree in some of our colonies. lar. /3, Giiadaliipensis (D. C. prod. 1. p. -^56.) pedicels an inch long ; petals narrower, and evidently fringed at the base. I; . S. Native or cultivated in the island of Guadaloupe. Per- haps a distinct species. Poy,/«r-/(7,c Thespesia. Fl. ? Clt. 1770. Tree 40 feet. 2 T. Brasilie'nsis (.Spreng. syst. 3. p. 90.) leaves ovate- oblong, acuminated, subtrifid, serrulated, tomentose beneath ; peduncles panicled, floccose. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellowish, with a dark centre ? Brazilian Thespesia. Tree 40 feet. S T. CRANDIFLORA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 456.) leaves ovate, rather cordate, somewhat acuminated. Jj . S. Native of Porto- Rico. Hibiscus grandifl6rus, Juss. incd. Flowers red, 4 or 5 inches in diameter. Pedicels 4 inches long. Fruit un- known. Habit of 7'. pojiiilnea. Grcal-foivcred Thespesia. Clt. 1327. Tree 30 feet. 4 T. macromiy'lla (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaca. 1. p. 651.) leaves cordate, acuminated, 5-nervcd ; peduncles shorter than the petioles. I; . S. Native of Java. — Runiph. amb. 2. p. 224. t. 47. Flowers large, yellowish, with a dark centre, becoming reddish as they decay. Large-leaved Thespesia. Tree 30 feet. 5 T, ? ALTi'ssiMA (Spreng. syst. app. 3. p. 257.) leaves oblong, retuse, entire; peduncles lateral, many-flowered; sta- mens nearly free. J; . S. Native of Java. Esenbeckia altis- sima, Blum, bijdr. Tallest Thespesia. Tree 60 feet. Cull, Tiu'se trees will thrive well in a mixture of loam and sand, and half-ripened cuttings will root freely in sand or mould under a hand-glass, in lieat. XVII. GOSSV'PIU.M (q«z or r/otlm in Arabic signifies a soft substance ; hence both the Latin and English name of the genus. In Egvpt the name of the cotton- tree is Gotsiiensciniar). Lin. gen. no. 845. Lam. ill. t. 580. D. C. prod. 1. p. 405. — Xylon, Tourn. inst. t. 27. Lin. syst. Mvnadilphiii, PolijAndria. Calyx cup-shaped, obtusely 5-toothed, girded by a y-parted, or 3-leaved involuccl, with the leaflets joined at the base, cordate, deeply toothed. (f. 83. a.). Stigmas 3 (f. 83. e.) or 5. Capsules 3-5-celled (f. 83./.), many-seeded. Seeds imbedded in the cotton (f S3. ;t.). The species are little known. This is an important genus as furnishing the down used in the cotton manufacture. This down is found lining the capsules. There are several species culti- vated for cotton in diflercnt parts of the world. 1 G. iiERiiA'ciiLM (Lin. spec. 975.) leaves 5-lobed, with 1 gland beneath ; lobes rounded, mucronate ; involueel serrated ; stem even, smooth. 0.(Lin.)S. .^ . (Par.) S. 7;.(Roxb.)S. Native of India, Africa, and Syria. Petals yellow with a purple spot on each claw. Cav. diss. 0. t. 104. f. 2. — Blackw. icon. t. 354. This is the only species cultivated in Europe, especially in the Levant, Malta, Sicily, and Naples ; it is also grown in many parts of Asia. In the Levant this species of cotton is sown in well prepared land in March in lines at 3 feet distance, and the patches of seeds 2 feet apart in the lines. The plants are thinned out to 2 or 3 in a place, and the earth is stirred by a one-horse j>lougli or by manual labour with hoes, and irrigated once or twice a- week by directing the water along the furrows between the rows. The flowering season is usually over about the middle of .Sep- tember, and then the, ends of the shoots are pinched oH' to de- termine the sap to the capsules. The capsules are collected by hand as they ripen by a tedious process which lasts till the end of November. The cotton and the seeds are then separ- ated by manual labour, and the former packed in bales or bags for sale. The seeds arc bruised for oil or eaten, and a portion kept for sowing ; they are esteemed wholesome and nutritive. Tlie most extensive cotton farmers are in the vale of Lorcnto, in the vicinity of Mount Vesuvius. There the rotation of crops are 1, maize; 2, wheat, followed by beans wiiich ripen next March ; 3, cotton ; 4, wheat, followed by clover ; 5, melons, followed by French beans. Thus in 5 years are produced 8 crops. In this district, wherever water can be conmianded, it is distributed as in Tuscany and Lombardy to every kind of crop. 7/er6acco«« or Common Cotton. Fl. July. Clt. 1594. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 2 G. Java'nicum (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linn.-ca. 1. p. 651.) leaves roundish-cordate, half 3-lobed, never entire, quite smooth, with 1 gland beneath ; involueel jagged, 3-leaved ; calyx unequally 5-toothed ; petioles and branches covered with black dots. T; . S. Native of Java, where it is cultivated for its cotton. Flower yellow, with purple claws. Java Cotton Tree. Shrub 5 feet. 3 G. I'ndicum (Lam. diet. 2. p. 134.) leaves 3-5-lobed, ob- tuse, glandless ; involueel rather cut at tlie apex ; stem herba- ceous, hairy. ©. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. — Rumpii. amb. 4. p. 38. t. 12. Cav. diss. 0. t. 109. Flowers yellow, with purple claws. This species is cultivated in Aniboyna for its cotton. /H(/ifln Cotton. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. 3 to 0 feet. 4 G. micka'nthum (Cav. diss. 0. p. 311. t. 193.) leaves 5- lobed, obtuse, very smooth, w ith 1 gland beneath ; involueel mul- tifid, longer than the petals ; stem smooth, dotted. ©. S. Na- tive of Persia at Ispahan. Flowers yellow, with purple claws ? This species is cultivated in Persia for its cotton. Sviall-Jlo7vercd Cotton. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 or 4 feet. 5 G. ARBOREUM (Lin. spec. 975.) leaves 5-lobcd, palmate ; lobes lanceolate, obtuse, mucronate from a short l)ristle, with 1 gland beneath ; involueel deeply serrated ; stem hairy. >; . S. Nativeof the East Indies in sandy places. — Rheed. mal. 1. t. 31. — Alp. exot. t. 38. Cav. diss. b. t. 193. G. rubrum, Forsk. descr.no. 88? Flowers pale yellow, with brown claws. This species is cidtivated in the East Indies, as well as in Africa. Cotton Tree. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1094. Shrub 4 to 10 ft. 6 G. viTiFOLifM (Lam. diet. 2. p. 135.) lower leaves 5-lobed, palmate, upper ones 3-lobed, with 1 or 3 glands beneath ; invo- lucels jagged ; calyx with three glands at the base; stem dotted, smooth. ©. (Coin.) S. h . (Koxli.) S. Native of the East In- dies. C.1V. diss. 6. 1. 100. — Kmuph. .nmb. 4. t. 13.— G. glabrum, Lam. according to Cav. is not distinct from this plant. This species is cultivated in the East Indies and Brazil. Flowers yellow, with ))urple claws. Jiiie-leaved Cnon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1805. PI. 5 feet. 7 G. iiiRSu'TtM (Lin. spec. 975.) upper leaves undivided, MALVACEiE. XVII. Gossypium. XVIII. Redoutea. 487 cordate, lower ones 3-5-lobed, with 1 gland beneath ; branches and petioles iiairy ; involucels 3-tootlied at tlie apex. 0. or $ . (Willd.) S. T^ . (Roxb.) S. Native of South America. Flowers yellow.— Pluk. aim. 172. t. 299. f. 1.— Sab. hort. 1. t. 55.— Cav. diss. C. t. 167. This species is occasionally cultivated in the West Indies, but the cotton is not considered good, nor is it easy to separate it from the seeds. Hairy Coaon. Fl. July, Aw'. Clt. 1731. PL 3 to 6 feet. 8 G. EGLANDULosuM (Cav. diss. C. p. 354.) leaves 5-lobed, glandless, with 3 oblong acuminated lobes ; s£em villous ; invo- lucels 3- 1- toothed. ©. S. Native of ? Perhaps the same as G. hcrhaccum. Flowers yellow, spotted at the base. G landless-leaved Cotton. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 3 feet ? 9 G. RELiGiosuM (Lin. spec. 975.) upper leaves 3-lobed, lower ones 5-lobed, with 1 gland beneath ; branches and petioles villous, and with black spots; involucel usually 3-lobed, jagged, villous ; cotton pale-copper coloured. $ . (Cav.) S. 11/ . (Rottb.) S. Native? Cav. diss. 6. t. 1G4. f. 1, Leaves almost the size of the hand. Perhaps G. tricuspidatum. Lam. diet. 2. p. 136. Flowers at first white. This is probably the species of Gossijpiuiii, from whence tlie nankeen clothing is formed without any dyeing process, if so it is a native of China. Bcligioiis Cotton. Fl. July. Clt. 1777. PI. 3 to 6 feet. 10 G. LATiFOLiuM (Murr. comm. g'xtt. 1776. p. 32. t. 1.) leaves acute, the lower ones undivided, the rest 3-lobed, with 1 gland beneath. ^ ? Tt . S. Native of? Flowers large, white, turning red as they wither. Broad-leaved Cotton. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1 800. Shrub C ft. 11 G. Baubade'nse (Lin. spec. 975.) upper leaves 3-lobed, lower ones 5-lobed, with 3 glands beneath; stem smooth ; seeds free. $ 1 I- . S. Native of Barbadoes.— Pluk. aim. 172. t. 188. f, 1. Flowers large, yellow, witli a purple spot at the base of each petal, finally turning red. Tliis is the species which is generally cultivated in the West Indies, and forms a consider- able branch of their exports. The seeds are sown in rows about 5 feet asunder, at the end of September or the beginning of October ; at first but slightly covered, but after it is grown up the root is well moulded. The soil should not be stifle nor shallow, as tliis plant has a tap root. The ground is hoed fre- quently, and kept very clean about the young plants until they rise to a moderate height. It grows from 4 to 6 feet high, and produces two crops annually; the first is eight months from the time of sowing the seed ; tlie second within four months after the first, and the produce of each plant is reckoned about one pound weight. The branches are pruned and trimmed after the first gathering ; and if the growth is over luxuriant, this should be done sooner. When great part of the pods are expanded, the wool is picked and afterwards cleared from the seeds by a machine, called a gin, composed of two or three smooth wooden rollers of about one inch diameter, ranged horizontally, close, and parallel to each other, in a frame ; at each extremity they are toothed or channelled longitudinally, corresponding one with the other ; and the central roller being moved with a treadle or foot-lathe, resembling that of a knife-grinder, makes the other two revolve in contrary directions. The cotton is laid in small quantities at a time upon these rollers whilst they are in motion, and readily passes between them, drops into a sack, placed un- derneath to receive it, leaving the seeds which are too large to pass with it, behind. The cotton thus separated from the seeds is afterwards hand-picked and cleansed thorougidy from any little particles of the pods or other substances, which may be ad- hering to it. It is then stowed in large bags, where it is well trod down, that it may be close and compact ; and the better to answer this purpose, some water is every now and then sprinkled on the outside of the bag ; the marketable weight of whicli is PI. 5 feet. FIG. 83. \, usually three hundred pounds. An acre may be expected to produce two lumdred and forty pounds to that q\iantity, or two liundred and seventy pounds on an average. Long's jam. iii. p. 686, Sec. and Brovvne. Barbadoes Cotton. Fl. Sep. Clt. 1759. 12 G. Peuuvia'num (Cav. diss. 6. p. 313. t. 168.) leaves 5-lobed, with 3 glands beneath, lower ones undivided; involucels jagged, with 3 glands at the base. $ . S. Native of Peru. Flowers yellow, with red dots at the b.ise (f. 83.). Peruvian Cotton. PI. 4 feet. 13 G. purpura'scens (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 369.) leaves 3-lobed, pubescent beneath, with ovate-lan- ceolate acute lobes ; involucel jag- ged ; branches puberulous at the top ; capsules 3-valved. Tj . S. Native of South America.^ PurjiUsh-stemmed Cotton. Sh. 6 feet. 14 G. RACEMosuM (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 370.) very smooth ; leaves somewhat cordate, 3-lobed, acuminated ; flowers somewhat racemose at the tops of the branches ; capsules 3-valved. T; . S. Native of Porto-Rico. Flowers yellow, with purple claws. Jiacemose-Rowered Cotton. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. •]- Names of species to he enquired into ; they are prohahly sij- nonyines of tlie former species. 15 G. OBTUSIFOLIUM (Roxb. hort. beng. 51.) Tj . S. Native of Ceylon. Lobes of leaves blunt. Blunt-leaved Cotton. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub 6 feet. 16 G. acumina'tum (Roxb. hort. beng. 51.) ^ . S. Native of Hindostan. Lobes of leaves acuminated. A cu7mnated-leaved Cotton. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. Shrub 6 feet. 17 G. GLANDULosuM (Rfeusch. nom.) This is probably G. Peruvianum or G. vitifdlmm. Glandular Cotton. PI. 4 feet ? N. B. There are 29 species described by Von Rohr, whicli are probably varieties or synonymous with those described above. There are 7 species described by Paris, which are also probably synonymous with those above. Cult. The shrubby species may be increased by seeds, or cuttings not too much ripened will root freely under a hand- glass in a light soil. The annual and biennial species should be sown in pots in spring, and placed in a hot-bed frame, and when the plants are of sufficient size they should be planted in separate pots and shifted into larger ones as they grow. A light rich soil suits them best. The species require a moist heat. XVI. REDOUTFA(inhonourofP.J.Redoute, ameritorious botanical artist ; he is well known by his drawings in Redoute Liliacees, and in Ventenats Jardin de Malmaison.) Vent. eels. t. 11. D. C. prod. 1. p. 457. LiN. SYST. Monadclphia, Polyandria. Calyx 5-parted, •rirded by a 10 or 12-leaved involucel (f. 84. «.), shorter than tiie calyx (f. 84. h.). Stigmas 3 (f. 84. g.). Capsules 3-celled, 3-valved (f. 84. h.), many-seeded, with 3 placentas, alternating with the valves, bearing woolly seeds (f. 84. I.) on both sides. 488 MALVACE/E. XVIII. Redoltea. XIX. Figosia. XX. Serba. XXI. Lopimia. XXII. Poltchlena. FIG. Si. 1 R. IIETEnOPllY'LLA (VcDt. Ccls. t, 11.) leaves ciliated, elliptical, rounded at both ends, entire, rarely a-lobed. h . .S. Native of tlie West Indian Island St. Thomas, and on the banks of the river Orinoco. H. B. et Kiintli, nor. gen. and spec, anier. 5. p. 29.5. Stem erect, smooth, branched. Leaves 3-nervcd, beset with scattered scales. Flowers sulphur-coloured, with purple claws, standing on trigonal pedicels (f. 84.). I'ariahlc-lcarcd Redoutea. Fl. July. Clt. 1822. Shrub 3 feet. 2 U. tku'arti'ta (H. B. and Kunth, iiov. gen. and spec, anier. 5. p. 293.) leaves snioothish, deejily 3-parted ; segments oblong, acute, cuncated at the base, inter- mediate one entire or obsoletely 3-lobed, lateral ones bifid. \ . S. Native of South America on the banks of the river Amazon. A trailing shrub with yellow (lowers. r/irfc-/)«r(t£/-lcave'd Redoutea. Shrub procumbent. Cull. These shrubs are easily increased by seeds; they should be sown in pots, and placed in a hot-bed frame, and when the plants are of suflicient size they should be separated, and planted singly into other pots, or they may be reared by cuttings planted in sand or mould, under a hand-glass, in heat. XIX. FUGO'SIA (a name abridged by Jussieu from Ckn- fucgosia, instituted by Cavanilles in memory of Bernard Cicn- fucgos, a Spani.sh botanist, who lived towards the end of the sixteenth century.) Juss. gen. iili. D. C. prod. 1. p. 457. — Cienfuegosia, Cav. diss. 3. p. 174. t. 72. f.'S. L.im. ill. t. 577. Lin. syst. Monadelpliia, Poli/dndria. Calyx 5-cleft, girded by a C-12-leaved involucel ; leaflets bristle-like, very short (f. 85. «.). Anthers numerous from the sides and lower part of the staminiferous tube (f. 85. d.). Stigmas 3-4, adglutinate or free, clavated. Capsule 8-4-celled, 3-4-valved, 3-seeded, from abortion. Seeds naked or covered with short wooU 1 F. DiciTATA (Pcrs. encli. 2. p. 240.) leaves 3-5-parted, with linear blunt lobes ; pedicels 1 -flow- ered ; seeds smooth. I^ . S. Na- tive of .Senegal. Cienfuegia digi- tita, Willd. s))OC. 3. p. 723. Flowers vellow, with a red tube, (f. 85.). Stigmas adglutinated. Digitatc-haycd Fugosia. Shrub 1 foot. 2 F. suLru'nEA(.St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. J). 252. t. 49.) leaves roundish, toothed, pubescent ; stigmas 1, adglutinate ; capsule smooth ; seed solitary, covered with short wool. Vl . S. Native of Brazil in the pro- vince of Cisplatinc in dry ])as- tures. Flowers sulphur-coloured, axillary, solitary. iS'i/Z/j/iHr-coloured-flowcrcd Fugosia. PI. prostrate. 3 F. affi'nis (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 253.) leaves oblong- ovate, farinosely-tonientose beneath ; stigmas 4, distinct ; cells of ov.ary 7-8-ovidate. ^. S. Native of Brazil. Peduncles solitary, axillary, 1-flowered. Seeds solitary from abortion. .Illird Fugosia. Shrub 1 foot. FIG. 8t 4 F. riiLOMii)iF6i.iA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 253. t. 50.) leaves ovate or lanceolate, entire, densely tomentose beneath; stigmas 3, distinct ; cells of ovary 5-ovulate ; capsule villous ; seeds woolly. Vj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes in fields. Flowers yellow, with a dark-purple base. I'lilomis-learcd Fugosia. Fl. May. .Shrub 1 foot. Cull. These plants are hardly worth cultivating except in botanic.-il gardens. They will grow well in a mixture of loam and peat, and cuttings not too much ripened will root readily in sand or mould under a hand-glass, in heat. XX. SE'RRA (to the memory of — Scrra, a Spanish botanist, v\ho wrote upon the plants of Majorca.) Cav. diss. 2. p. 83. t. 35. f. 3. D. C. prod. 1. p. 457. — Serrae'a, Willd. spec. 3. p. 695. Lin. syst. Monadclp/iia, Dccandria. Calyx 5-toothed, small, girded by a 3-leaved involucel ; leaflets cordate, entire. An- thers about 10, stipitate at the top and up))er part of the tube, and witli a 4 or 5-crenate membrane under the ovary. Stigmas 5. Capsules 2-celled ? 10-seeded. 1 S. isc.\ NA (Cav. 1. c.) 0?F. Native of Arabia in the island of .Soccotara. The whole plant downy, 3 inches high. Le.ives cordate, truncate, 3-toothed. Flowers yellowish, axillary, almost sessile. Hoary Serra. PI. -y to J foot. Cult. A plant of easy culture. It can be propagated by seeds. XXI. LOPI'MI/V (from Xwn^oc, /o;)nHOS, easy of decortica- tion.) Mart, in nov. act. bonn. xi. y. 9G. D. C. prod. 1. p. 157. Lin. syst. MonadHpliia, I'vlyandria. Involucel longer than tlie calyx, of 20, bristle-like connivent leaflets. Corolla flat. Column of stamens deflexed. Stigmas 10. Anthers 30-40. Capsule of 5 carpels ; carpels indehiscent, covered with mucilagi- nous glue. Habit of iiidii. The b.irk is used for cordage. 1 L. malacoi'iiy'llum (Mart. 1. c.) I: . S. Native of Bra- zil about Bahia. Sida malacophy'lia, Link, and Otto, abb. gew. berl. 1. p. G7. t. 30. Shrub clothed with soft starry white pubescence. Leaves orbicular, cordate, coarsely toothed. Flowers axillary, solitary, or crowded at the tops of the branches, scarlet. This plant when growing in its place of natural growth, and when in flower, has much the api)earance o{ Clihunia frulcscenx. Soft-lea iH'dLo\mma. Fl. Aug. .Sep. Clt. 1823. Siirub 1 to 4 ft. Cult. This beautiful shrub will do well in a mixture of loam and peat, and h.ilf-ripened cuttings will root freely in sand under a hand-glass in heat, or it may be raised from seed, which no doid)t will ripen in this country. XXII. POLYCHL.E NA (from t»\v. poly, many, x^""". chltiina, a cloak, alUuling to the many-leaved involucel.) LiN. syst. Monadi-ljiliia, I'olyundria. Involucel of numerous linear, ciliated leaflets, which are longer than the c.ilyx. Capsule 5-celled, pilose; cells 1 -seeded. .Secils angidar. Annual plants with serrated leaves and crowded eymose heads of sm.all white flowers, and awl-shaped stipulas. 1 P. ramosa; erect branched, ])ilose ; leaves lanceolate, acute, serrated, on short petioles ; flowers eymose, terminal. ©. S. Native of Guinea. Brauvhcd Polychla-na. PI. 1 foot. 2 P. si'.Mi'i.EX : simple, hispid ; leaves ovate, acute, serrated, stalked; flf)wers terminal, sessile. ©. S. Native of Guinea. Simple Polychhena. PI. 1 foot. Cult. These plants will grow in any common garden-soil ; however they are not worth cultivating except in general col- lections. MALVACEAE. XXIII. Palavia. XXIV. Cristaria. XXV. Anoda. 489 Division II. Calyx nykud at tlio base, that is to say, witliout an involucel. XXIII. PALA'VIA (in honour of Antonio Pahiu y Vertlera, M. D. once professor of botany at Madrid.) Cav. diss. I. p. 40. Lam. ill. t. 577. D. C. prod. 1. p. 458. Lin. syst. Monadclphiii, Poh/c'iiidriii. Calyx naked, 5-cleft, Carpels many, capsular, 1 -seeded, collected into a head without order. Tliis genus differs from S'lda as Mdlope does from JSIaha, and from Mdlope as Stda does from Malva. 1 P. jiai.y.efolia (Cav. diss. 1. p. 40. t. 11. f. 4.) plant sinootliish, prostrate ; leaves sub-lobate, rather cordate ; pedun- cles solitary, about the length of the leaves. ©. H. Native of Peru in sand near Lima. Malope parviflora, Lher. stirp. 1. p. 103. t. 50. Palavia declinata, Mocnch. Flowers small, red. Mallon-lcavcd Palavia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 17!)4. PI. prostrate. 2 P. mosciia'ta (Cav. diss. 1. p. 41. t. 11. f. 5.) plant tomen- tose, erect ; leaves cordate, crenate ; peduncles longer than the leaves. ©. H. Native of Peru near Lima, in the sand. Flowers yellowish or purplish. There is a specimen of this plant in the herbarium of Balbis under the name of P. prostrala of All. ; it is probaljly the same as the following species. Mui^-scented Palavia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1822. PL 1 to 2 ft. S P. rhombifolia (Graham, in edinb. new phil. journ. July, Oct. 1830.) leaves rhomboidal, lobately-crenate, stellately pilose on the veins, shorter than the peduncles ; stipulas awl-shaped, ciliated, green ; petals obovately-cuneated, obliquely emarginate ; peduncles longer than the leaves. ©.H. Native of Peru near Lima. Flowers large, rose-coloured, with orange-coloured an- thers, on long peduncles in the axils of the upper leaves, Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1375. Rhomb-leaved Palavia. Fl. July, Aug. PI. prostrate. Cult. These plants are not worth cultivating except in bota- nical gardens. The seeds require to be sown on a hot-bed early in the spring, and the plants should be transplanted into the open border in the month of May, where they will ripen their seeds. XXIV. CRIST A'RIA (from crista, a crest, because of the carpels having two crest-like wings in the centre of each,) Cav. icon. 5. p. 10. D. C. prod. 1. p. 458. but notof Sonn. Lix. SYST. Monadetpliia, Pohjc'indria. Calyx naked, 5-cleft. Fruit orbicular, depressed, covered with a skin, consisting of several 1 -seeded carpels, which have 2 wings in the centre of each. Small plants with the habit oi Sida. 1 C. betonicjEFolia (Pers. ench. 2. p. 248.) plant erect ; leaves somewhat co. date, deeply-crenated, hoary. 1/ ? F. Na- tive of Chili. Sida Cliilensis, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 109. Feuill. hist. 3. p. 40. t. 27. Flowers red ? racemose. Betony-leaved Cristaria. PI. trailing. 2 C. glaucophv'lla (Cav. icon. 5. p. 11. t. 418.) plant pros- trate ; leaves lobed, cut, downy, glaucous. % ? F. Native of Chili in the sea-sand near the town of Coquimbo. Sida glau- cophy'lla, Spreng. Petals flesh-coloured, with villous claws. Glaucous-leaved Cristaria. PI. prostrate. 3 C. mllti'fida (Cav. 1. c.) plant prostrate ; leaves multifid, smooth. 11 . F. Native of Peru in sandy places. Sida mul- tifida, Cav. diss. 1. p. 25. t. 4. f. 2. Sida pterosperma, Lher. stirp. 1. p. 119. t. 57. Flowers white, axillary, solitary, turned towards the earth. Mullijid-]ea\ed Cristaria. PI. prostrate. 4 C? cocciN-EA(Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 453.) plant beset with hoary tomentum and starry hairs ; leaves 3-5-cleft, with cut acute segments ; racemes terminal ; stem diffuse, prostrate. 1/. H. Native of North America on the dry prairies and ex- tensive plains of the Missouri. Sida coccinea, D. C. prod 1. VOL. I. PART. VI. J). 1-65. Meilva coccinea, Fras. cat. Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. SI. Flowers bright scarlet. Styles 10. Carpels not winged. ^ScrtWcZ-flowercd Cristaria. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1811. I'l. ^ ft. Cult. The three first species should be grown in pots in a mix- ture of sand and peat, and in winter they shouUl be kept in a green-house or a frame. The C. coccinea will only thrive when planted in a border of peat soil, and it is propagated but slowly by dividing the roots, or by seeds. The others may be propa- gated in the same manner. XXV. A'NODA (from a priv. and nodus, knot ; given to this genus because the pedicels are without the articulation which is remarked in Sida.) Cav. diss. 1. p. 38. D. C. prod. 1. p. 458. Lin. syst. Monadetpliia. Pulydndria. Calyx naked, 5-cleft ; lobes acuminated, much spreading when in fruit. Capsules hemis- pherical beneath, depressed and stellate above, many-celled, or with l-ccUed 1 -seeded divisions. Flabit of »S'srfa. * Carpels or cells of capsule stellately disposed, each ending in a somewhat spiny mvcrone. 1 A. HASTATA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 38. t. 11. f. 2.) lower leaves cordate, acuminate, 5-angled, a little toothed, obtuse, upper ones hastate, acuminated, somewhat toothed at the base ; pedicels solitary, axillary, length of leaves. ©. G. Native of Mexico and Peru in moist places. Sida hastata, Willd. spec. 3. p. 703. Flowers white, blue or purplish, about the size of those otMdha rotundij'dlia. Style 1 01 5-cleft. 7/«/6crMeaved Anoda. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1799. PI. 2 ft. 2 A. TRILOBA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 39. t. 10. f. S.) leaves all cre- nated, lower ones roundish-cordate, obtuse, usually 5-angled, upper ones roundish, halbert-shaped, 3-lobed, acuminated ; pedicels solitary, axillary, longer than the leaves. ©. G. Na- tive of Mexico. Petals purple, somewhat emarginated. Calyx very villous. Sida cristata, Willd. spec. 3. p. 7C3. Flowers about the size of those of Zat^a'\Ser\ngixom. S.frutesccnsm the pedicels being jointed at the base, not at the apex. Short-petalled Sida. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 1 8 S. repa'nda (Roth. nov. spec. p. 328.) leaves ovate, acu- minated, doubly serrated, covered with small starry hairs above ; pedicels solitary, shorter than the linear -lanceolate, ciliated sti- pulas ; petals obliquely-repand ; carpels 2-beaked. Fj . S. Na- tive of? Flowers sulphur-coloured. Resembles S. carpinifhlia. Tfe/wjirf-petalled Sida. Shrub 1 foot. 19 S. bracteola'ta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 460.) leaves ovate- lanceolate, acuminated, toothed, smooth ; branches round, hairy ; stipulas of two forms, one awl-shaped, the other linear ; racemes very short, 1-3-flowered, bracteolate ; carpels 7-8, 2-beaked. 1; . S. Native of South America on the road from Chili to Brazil. Flowers small, yellow. Bracteolate-RowexeA Sida. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 20 S. carpinifolia (Lin. fil. suppl. 307.) leaves ovate-ob- long, doubly-serrated ; peduncles axillary, very short, usually 4-flowered ; branchlets flattened ; carpels 8, 2-beaked. Ij • ^■ Native of the Canary Islands and Brazil. Cav. diss. 1. p. 24. t. 3. p. 11. Flowers yellow. The leaves are chewed by the inhabitants of Brazil, and applied with success to the bites of wasps and bees. Var. fl ? helidma (Lag. hort. madr. 1815.) leaves broader and somewhat cordate at the base. Vj . S. Native of the Mauritius. S. carpinifolia, Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 135. Hortibean-leaved Skhi. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1774. Shrub 2 ft. 21 S. CARPiNof DEs (D. C. prod. 1. p. 461.) leaves ovate- oblong, somewhat doubly serrated ; pedicels axillary, 1 -flower- ed, solitary; carpels 10-12, 2-horned on the back, and with 1 awn at the base on the inside. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow. This plant is often to be found in gardens under the name of S. carpinifolia. llorn-bcan-Uke Sida. Fl July, .Sep. Clt. 1800. Shrub 2 feet. 22 S. mixronula'ta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 401.) lower leaves ovate-oblong, upper ones oblong, somewhat double-toothed ; pedicels axillary, very short, 1-flowered; carpels 10-11, 2- beaked, and with 1 short awn at the base. Tj . S. Native of Java. Resembles S. carpinoWcs, but differing in the leaves being more oblong and smooth, and in the fruit being more his- pid, as well as smaller. Flowers yellow. A/Mcro?!«7arod. 1. p. 463.) leaves roundish, cordate, tootlied, hispid on both surfaces; pedicels solitary, 1- flowered, longer than the petioles ; carpels 5, awnless ; stem fdiforni, prostrate. ©? S. Native of Peru. S. repens, var. Cav. diss. 1. p. 7. t. 1. f. 2. Flowers yellow, with the claws lined with red. Jussicii's Sida. PI. prostrate. 68 S. alpe'stris (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 186.) leaves ovate, somewhat cordate at the base, dentately-serratc, pubescent above, but subtomentose beneath ; pedicels capillary, niucli longer than the petioles, racemose or paniclcd ; carpels 5, ^-l)caked. ^t • S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes on mountains. I'lowers violet-purple. Like S. paniculala and S. racemusa. Alj) Sida. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 69 S. MartiVna (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 187.) suffruticose, clammy, branched ; leaves oIjIouji, cordate, acutish, toothed, pubescent on both surfaces ; petluncles axillary, solitary, re- flexed, longer than the petioles ; carpels 5, mutic, wrinkled, obtuse at the apex. J; . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Mina.s Geracs. Flowers rose-coloured. I'ar. /5, viscosissima (.St. Hil. 1. c.) stem much longer, pro- cumbent, much more branched and very clanmiy, and the leaves much larger. Native of Brazil on mountains near Villa Rica. Marlius's Sida. Shrub erect and procumbent. 70 S. Dombf.va'na (D. C. prod. 1. p. 1-63.) leaves ovate, cor- date, toothed, liairy on both surfaces; pedicel solitary, 1 -flow- ered, longer than petioles ; carpels .5, 2-bcakcd ; stem filiform, prostrate. O ? S. Native of Peru about Lima. Flowers yellow or reddish. Dombcy's Sida. PI. prostrate. 71 S. HUMiLis (Wilid. spec. 3. p. 744.) leaves roundish, cordate, serrated, pilose above ; pedicels usually solitary, longer than the petioles ; carpels 5. ©. S. Native of the East Indies. S. unilocularis, Lher. stirp. 1. p. 127. t. 53. S. pilosa, Rctz. but not of Cav. Flowers small, yellow. Var. a; carpels awnless. S. humilis, Cav. diss. 5. t. 131. f. 2. Var. /3 ; carpels rather mucronate. S. morifolia, Cav. diss. I. p. 9. t. l.f. 1. Var. y ; carpels S-awned. S. veronicjef olia, Lam. diet. no. II. Cav. diss. 1. p. 7. t. 1. f. 3. .ind 5. t. 127. f. 3. Flowers whitish. Perhaps this is a distinct species. //ujwt/c Sida. Fl. .luly, Aug. CIt. 1800. PI. J to 2 feet. 72 S. svrfNA (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 109. t. 52.) leaves roundish, cordate, bluntish, crenatcd, soft, velvety; pedicels solitary, 1- flowered, longer than the petioles ; carpels 5, each ending in two short horns; stem procumbent, ij. S. Native of Ilis- paniola in dry fields. S. ovata, Cav. diss. 6. t. 196. f. 2. S. procumbens, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1211. Flower pale- yellow, fugacious. i'l/^/HC Sida. Fl. July. Aug. CIt. 1821. PI. trailing. 73 S. DiFFi)*sA (H.B. ct Kunth, nov. gen. amcr. 5. p. 257.) leaves somewhat elliptic, rounded at the apex, cordate, criiuite- .serrated, hairy, but hoary beneath, on long stalks ; pedicels so- litary, axillary, almost equal in length with the leaves ; car])els 5, awnless. 1^ .' S. Native of Mexico near Zclaya. .Stem procumbent, branched, filiform, covered with soft hairs. Leaves 4 lines long. Flowers small, violet. /^///"((.vc-branchcd Sida. PI. trailing. 74 S. stBtuNEA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 184.) stem nearly simple ; leaves somewhat cuneately-oblong, hardly cordate at the base, entire nt the base, obtuse and serrated at the apex, silky-villous on both surfaces; flowers glomerate, axillary; car- ])els 5, mutic, smooth. \ . S. Native of Brazil near Villa Hica. Flowers yellow, with a purple spot at the base of each petal. SubcuneatedAeaxeA Sida. Fl. Jan. PI. ^ foot. 75 S. ki'Pe'scens (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 185.) suftrutieose, branched, very hairy ; leaves cordate-lanceolate, serrated, very hairy ; flowers crowded together as if they were capitate ; calyx 10-ribbed, hairy ; carpels 5, smooth. 1; . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes near Formigas. Flowers orange-yellow. Rufcscent Sida. Shrub 1 \ foot. 76 S. flave'scens (WilUI. spec. 3. p. 755.) leaves ovate, cordate, obtuse, unequally toothed, tomcntose ; pedicels in pairs; 1 -flowered, shorter than the petioles ; carpels 5, awnless. J; . S. Native of Monte Video on rocks. S. flavcsccns, Cav. diss. 1. p. 14. t. 13. f. 2. S. prostrata, Cav. diss. 1. t. 13. f. 3. Flowers reddish. }'e//on'i.«/i-leavcd Sida. PI. prostrate. 77 S. CALVciNA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 9. t. 8. f. 2.) leaves roundish, cordate, acuminated, repandly toothed; pedicels solitary, 1- flowered, longer than the petioles; carpels 5, awnless, pear- shaped. Ij . S. Native of the Island of Bourbon. Calyx large, 5-parted. Flowers large, yellow, spreading. I.argc-calyxed Sida. Shrub 2 feet. 78 S. herba'cea (Cav. diss. 1. p. 19. t. 13. f. 1.) leaves oljlong, cordate at the base, acute, toothed, hairy ; pedicels 1- flowered, shorter than the petioles; carpels 9-10, 2-awned. ©. S. Native of the F.ast Indies. Flowers yellow. Hcrhaccous Sida. PI. 1 foot. 70 S. noTUNDHoLiA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 20. t. 3. f. 6. and 6. t. 194. f. 2.) plant hairy ; leaves roundish-ovate, cordate, toothed, tomentose; pedicels solitary, 1 -flowered, much longer than the petioles; carpels 9-10, each ending in 2 long awns. 1; . S. Native of the Island of Bourbon. Awns pilose, with the hairs protruding in bundles. Flowers yellow. Round-leaved Sida. Fl. Jiuie, Aug. CIt. 1819. Shrub U foot. "so S. BoN-AUiE'NSts (Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 120.) shrubby ; leaves cordate, oblong, coarsely crenatcd, covered with stellate pubescence above, but tomentose beneath ; pedun- cles elongated, 1 -flowered; carpels very villous, mutic. T; . S. Native of Buenos Ayres. Perhaps a species of Abiitilon. Buenos /tyrcan Sida. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 81 .S. MA cKODON (U. C. prod. 1. p. 464.) plant hairy ; leaves roundish, cordate, coarsely crenatcd ; pedicels solitary or twin, 1 -flowered, 4-times longer than the petioles ; carpels 1 0, awn- less. H . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers white, flesh-coloured, rose-coloured, or scarlet. Loiifr-loollicd-\caveil Sida. Fl. Nov. Mar. PI. prostrate. 82 S. coiidif6lia (Lin. spec. 961.) leaves ovate, cordate, toothed, rather angular, bluntish, villous ; pedicels solitary, 1- flowered, a little shorter than the petioles; carpels 9-10, 2- bcaked. ©. S. Native of the Ivist Indies and Africa. Cav. diss. 1. p. 19. t. 3. f. 2.— Dill. elth. t. 171. f. 209. Flowers sulphur-coloured. //iv/W-/.«m/ Sida. FI.Ju. Sep. CIt. 1732. PI. 1 foot. 8,! S. biva'lvis (Cav. diss. 1. j). 13. t. 11. f. 2.) leaves ovate, cordate, acimiinated, crenatcd, tomentose ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, shorter than the petioles; calyxes awnedly acumi- nated ; carpels 5, bidentate at the apex, cohering ; 2-valvcd. I; ? .S. Native of .'^1. Domingo. Flowers yellow. 7'H'()-rn/rc(/-capsul((l .*^i. et 10. t. 12. Corolla small, dark-purple. Z)arA-6/oo(/y-Howered Sida. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1795. Shrub 1 feet. 107 S. PAKicuLA TA (Lin. spec. 902.) stem beset with forked hairs ; leaves ovate-cordate, toothed, acuminated, puberulous from starry tomentum beneath ; peduncles loosely panided ; capillary loiig ; calyxes nerveless ; carpels 5, each ending in two short beaks. $ . S. Native of Jamaica, Peru, and Brazil, on calcareous rocks. S. paniculuta, Cav. diss. 1. p. 10. Flowers dark-purple, but yellow according to Cav. /•nnic/crf-flowered Sida. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1795. PI. 2 ft. 108 S. VELUTiNA (Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 115.) hrubby, pilose ; leaves subcordate. ovate, obtuse, crenate, to- luentos'e on both surfaces ; peduncles sub-racemose, and arc as well as the calyxes very villous ; carpels 2-awned. ^ . S. Native of the Ea.st Indies. Perhaps a si)ecies of Abulihm. I'elvetij Sida. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 109 S. pelli'ta (Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 115. but not ofKimih,) shrubby ; branches spreading; leaves nearly ses- sile, cordate, oblong, acute, serrated, covered with brown villi on both surfaces ; peduncles capillary, racemose, elongated ; (lowers dioecious ; carpels 2-awncd. ^ . S. Native of New Granada. Flowers probably yellow. Clad Sida. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 110 S. NERVOSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 4C5,) leaves cordate, acu- minated, toothed, puberulous from starry down ; peduncles paniclcd; calyxes nerved; carpels 5, 2-beaked. '7 ? .S. Native of St. Domingo. Flowers yellow. A^crretZ-calyxed Sida. Shrub 2 feet. • * ' • Palmal'ilobala. Leaves cleft in 3-5-7 or 9 lobes. 111 S. Jave'nsis (Cav. diss. 1. p. 10. t. 1. f 5.) leaves roundish, cordate, toothed, iricuspidatc ; pedicels solitary, l- (lowered, longer than the ])etioles ; carpels 5, 2-beakcd ; stem reclinate. I; ? S. Native of Java. Java Sida. Shrub i)r()strate. 112 S. oxypiiy'lla (Moc. et Sessc, fl. mex. icon. ined. D.C. prod. 1. p. 405.) leaves cordate, toothed, villous, 3-lobed ; lateral lobes short, bifid, middle one longer, acuminated ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, length of petioles; carpels 5, 2-beaked. — Native of Mexico. Flowers probably yellow. Sharp-leaved Sida. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 113 S. pu'noens (II. B. et Kuntli, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 203.) leaves cordate, somewhat ovate, obsoletely 3-lobed, coarsely aerrate-crenated, soft, luibescent above, but tomentosely-villous beneath, as well as brandies; flower axillary, solitary, but col- lected in bundles at the tops of the branches; carpels 12, 2- awned. I; . S. Native of South .\mcrica on the banks of the Orinoco near Angustura. Flowers yellow. J'tinj^ent Sida. Shrub 10 feet. lit S. divkrsifolia (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 116.) herbaceous, villous ; lower leaves somewhat angularly toothed, upper ones sinuately 3-lobed, uppermost ones lanceolate ; ])eduncles solitary, 1-flowered; capsule awned, exceeding the acuminated calyx. O.S. Native of the East Indies. S. heterophylla, Klein. Diverse-leaicd Sida. PI. 1 to 3 feet. 115 S. iietkropiiy'lla (Cav. icon. 5. p. 12. t. ■1-21.) radical leaves ovate, scolloped, cauline ones 3-parted, with deeply j.igged, toothed lobes, middle lobe long : pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, longer than the leaves. Q. S. Native on the mountains of Chili. Flowers pale-blue when dry ; style violet. Fruit un- known. Perhaps a species of Cristaria. lariabtc-lvared Sida. PI. 1 foot. 110 S. ? ckisi'ifi.o'ra (Cav. icon. 5. p. 11. t. 119.) leaves cor- date, lobed, tomentose beneath, with stellate dots above, curled on the margins ; pedicels solitary, longer than the petioles ; calyxes sinuately waved, and lobed; carpels 7, mutic. G- S. Native of South America at Port Desederado. Perhaps a species of Cristaria. Corolla blue, when dry reddish. Curled-Jluirered Sida. PI. J foot. 117 S. tki'loba (Cav. diss. 1. p. 1 1. t. 1. f. 11 and 5. t. 131. f. 1.) leaves cordate, crenate, 3-lobed, with the intermediate lobe longest, acute ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, longer than the leaves ; carpels 7, awnless. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. schocnbr. 2. t. 11-2. Lower leaves undivided. Flowers at first wliite, then vellowish. rArcc-Zyteci-leaved Sida. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1794. Shrub 3 ft. 118 .S. ckntrota (Spreng. syst. app. p. 259.) stem procum- bent, branched, hispid, lower leaves 5-lobed, upper ones h.is- tately trilid, glabrous ; segments acute, quite entire ; peduncles 1-flowered, longer than the leaves ; carpels 2-awned, setosely- prickly. t^ . S. Native of? Sida hastata of English gardeners. Flowers yellow. Perhaps a species a{ .tbutilon. .S'y)Hrrf(/-earpelled .Sida. Fl. June, July. Clt.? Shrub 1 fl. 119 S. RiciNofoES (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 115. t. 55.)leaves some- what buckler-shaped, o-lobed, lobes ovate, acute, toothed, un- divided ; peduncles us\ially 1-flowered; flowers sub-umbellate (Cav.); carpels 8-9, 2-awned. 0. S. Native of Peru. S. palmata, Cav. diss. 1. p. 20. t. 3. f. 3. M.dvinda palmata, Meencli. S. Kicini, Spreng. Flowers pale-purple. Leaves like those of Ricinus. liicinus-Uke Sid-A. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 3 feet. 120 i^. jatropiioi'df.s (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 117. t. 50.) leaves somcwliat peltate, with 7-lanceolate, acuminated, |)innatilid, toothed lobes ; peduncles niany-flowercd ; carpels 7-8, awnless. 0. S. Native of Peru in sandy places. S. palmata, Jacq. icon, rar. 3. t. 547. Cav. diss. 5. t. I31.f. 3. Flowers violet-coloured. Jalropha-like Sida. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1787. PI. 3 feet. 121 S. Nai'.Wa (Cav. diss. 5. p. 277. t. 132. f 1.) leaves palmatcly 5-lobed, si:iooth ; lobes oblong, acuminated, toothed ; peduncles many-flowered ; carpels 10, awnless, acuminated. "H. JL Native of North America from Pennsylvania to Virginia ia shady rocky places. Napa.-\i loe'vis, Lin. syst. 750. Lam. ill. t. 579. f. 1. Sims, hot. mag. 2193. Napa.'"a hermapbrodita, Lin. spec. 905. Flowers small, wliite. From A'aptcw, the nymplis of the wood, which conies from if, a negative, andn-aof, brilliant; that is to say, obscure in allusion to its habitat, in woods. Napcca Sida. Fl. Aug. .-^ep. Clt. 1748. PI. 3 to 4 ft. 122 S. Dioi'cA (Cav. diss. 5. p. 278. t. 132. C 2.) leaves pal- matcly 7-lobed, scabrous ; lobes lanceolate, deeply toothed ; jieduncles many-flowered, bracleated, somewhat corymbose ; flowers dioecious ; carpels 10, awnless. %. H. Native of the upper parts of Virginia in stony places. Napae'a scubra, Lin. MALVACE^. XXVII. Sida. 497 syst. 750. Napse'a dioica, Lin. spec. 965. Flowers small, white, in many-flowered, terminal, or lateral peduncles. Dioecious Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. G feet. 12y S. malv.eflo'ra (D. C. prod. 1. p. 474. Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1036.) radical leaves roundish, 9-lobed, truncate at the base ; lobes 3-toothed at the apex ; stem leaves 5-parted ; segments linear, sub-dentate ; flowers disposed in terminal racemes ; car- pels niMtic. 14. H. Native of North America in New Albion in the vicinity of the Multomah river. Leaves and stem pilose. Flowers pale rose-coloured. An elegant plant. Maka-foinrcd Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 to 3 ft. ***** PinnatHohatce. Leaves i^innaltjid, or j)innaie-}]arted. 124 S. pinna' TA (Cav. icon. 5. p. 13. t. 422. f. 1.) leaves pinnate-parted, imbricate, tomentose beneath, with quite entire lobes ; flowers axillarj-, sessile, solitary. Tf. . G. Native of Peru at the bottom of mount Chimborazo. Plant almost stem- less. Root thick. Flowers large, yellow when dry. P/HH«/t'-leaved Sida. PI. 2 inches. 125 S. acau'lis (Cav. icon. 5. t. 422. f. 2.) leaves pinnate- parted, with ovate, tomentose, tricuspidate lobes ; flowers axil- lary, sessile, solitary ; carpels 8-10, awnless. 1{.. G. Native of Peru at the bottom of mount Chimborazo. Flowers probably yellow. Root thick. Habit of the last. Stemless Sida. PI. 1 to 2 inches. 126 S. PicHiNCHENSis (H. et B. pi. sequin. 2. t. 116.) plant tufted ; leaves pinnatifid, hoary from tomentum above, smooth beneath, with linear-lanceolate 3-parted segments; stems I- flowered, bearing one leaf in the middle; carpels hairy, if.. G. Native of Quito on the top of the burning mountain Pichincha, at the height of 7050 feet. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 255. Flowers yellow ? Pichincha Sida. PL 1 to 2 inches. Sect. IL ABUTiLofnEs (agreeing with the genus AbiitHon, in the carpels being connected as it were into a many-celled fruit.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 466. Gaya and Bastardia, Kunth, malv. p. 4. Carpels 15 to 40, 1-seeded, bladdery, so closely joined together as to form a many-celled capsule. 127 S. occiDENTA^Lis (Lin. spec. 964.) leaves oblong, cor- date, toothed, somewhat lobed ; pedicels solitary, shorter than the petioles ; carpels 27-30, blunt, disposed into a globose fruit. Q.S. Native of South America. — Dill. elth. 1. t. 6. Cav. diss. 1 . p. 24. t. 4. f. 3. Abiitilon deflexum, Moench. Fruit-bearing pedicels deflexed. Flowers yellow ; petals crenate. Occidental Sida. Fl. Jidyi Aug. Clt. 1 732. PI. 2 feet. 128 S. sylva'tica (Cav. diss. 2. p. 5Q and 5. p. 276. t. 133. f. 2.) leaves ovate, cordate, acinninated, crenated ; pedicels twin, much longer than the petioles ; carpels 30-36, awnless, collected into an umbilicated globe. Tj . S. Native of Peru in woods near the river Maragnon. Flowers pale-yellow. Wood Sida. Shrub 10 feet. 129 S. spica'ta (Cav. diss. 1. p. 24. t. 8. f. 1.) leaves ovate, cordate, acute, toothed ; racemes terminal, leafy ; carpels 30, awnless, disposed into an umbilicated globe. I^ . S. Native of St. Domingo. — Plum. ed. Burm. 1. t. 2. Flowers yellow. Spiked-Cowered Sida. Shrub 2 feet. 130 S. Ga'ya (D. C. prod. 1. p. 466.) leaves nearly elliptical, acute, obliquely cordate, sharply serrated, and are as well as branches white from tomentum ; pedicels solitary, 3 times longer than the petioles; carpels 15. Tj . S. Native of Mexico. Gaya hermannioides, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 5. p. 268. t. 475. Flowers yellow, about the size of those of Mdka rotun- difolia. Fruit 15-celled. Gay's Sida. Shrub 2 feet. 131 S. Gaudichaudia'na ; sufFruticose ; cauline leaves ovate- VOl. I, part. VI. oblong, somewhat unequal-sided, cordate at the base, obsoletely serrate-tootlicd, ])ubescently-pilose above, but pubescent beneath ; branches flattened ; jjcduncles axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered ; ovary 12-lobed. h . S. Native of Brazil in the ])rovince of Rio Janeiro. Gaya Gaudichaudiilna, St. Ilil. fl. bras. 1. p. 192. Flowers white. Gaudichaud's Sida. Shrub 1 foot. 132 S. au'rea ; suflruticose ; cauline leaves cordate, oblong, acute, obsoletely toothed, tomentose, canescent below ; peduncles solitary, axillary, 1 -flowered ; ovary villous, 12-celled. I; . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Gaya aiirea, St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 193. t. 38. Flowers golden-yellow. G olden-Cow eved Sida. Fl. Sept. Oct. .Shrub 1 foot. 133 S. ca'ndicans (D. C. prod. 1. p. 466.) leaves ovate-ellip- tical, blunt, cordate, crenate-serrate, and are as well as branch- lets hoary from tomentum ; pedicels solitary, twice or thrice the length of the petioles ; carpels 14-15. Ij . S. Native of Quito on the banks of the river Guancabainba. Gaya canescens, H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 269. Flowers yellow. IV hitened-\e-A\cd Sida. Shrub 1 foot. 134 S. subtri'loba (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 5. p. 270. t. 476. under Gaya,) leaves on long stalks, ovate, acuminated, ob- soletely 3-lobed, profoundly cordate, clothed with very fine tomentum, hoary beneath ; pedicels solitary, when in fruit almost the length of the petioles. Native of New Granada. Resembles S. occidenlalis. Flowers yellow. Subtrilobed-]ea\ed Sida. Shrub 2 feet. 135 S. Di'sTicHA (Cav. icon. 5. p. 12. t. 432.) leaves cordate or ovate, acuminated, toothed, hoary-velvety, distich ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, 4 times longer than the petioles ; carpels 10-15, awnless. ^ . S. Native of New Spain. Petals yellow, oblong-ovate, twice as long as the acuminated calyx. Distich-leaved Sida. Shrub 2 feet. 136 S. nu'tans (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 119. t. 57.) leaves oblong- cordate, acute, toothed, soft, velvety ; pedicels usually in pairs, 1-flowered, hardly twice the length of the petioles; carpels 10, blimt, depressed. Ij . S. Native of Peru in sandy places. S. calyptrata, Cav. diss. 2. p. 57 and 5. t. 133. f. 1. Petals yellow, a little larger than the calyx. Seeds calyptrate. AoA/;no--flowered Sida. Shrub 2 feet. 137 S. viscosA (Lin. spec. 963.) leaves ovate, cordate, acumi- nated, finely serrated, tomentose, viscid ; petioles and pedicels hairy ; stipulas setaceous ; pedicels solitary, longer than the petioles; carpels 7, awnless. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica, St. Thomas, and Porto-Rico. — Sloan, hist. 1. t. 139. f. 4. Bastardia viscosa, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 256. Flowers yellow. Capsule 7-celled. Clamtny Sida. Fl. July. Clt. 1795. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 138 S. nemora'lis; branched; leaves heart-shaped, acumi- nated, toothed, pubescent above, tomentose beneath ; racemes compound, axillary, or terminal, numerous, very slender, few- flowered; capsule orbicular, 9-14-celled, pilose. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Goyaz. Bastardia nemoralis, St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 195. t. 39. Flowers pinkish. Grove Sida. Fl. June. Shrub 1 foot. 139 S. Basta'rdia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 467.) leaves cordate, roundish-ovate, bluntly acuminated, a little crenated, tomentose from starry down ; petioles and pedicels tomentose, rather viscid ; carpels 5, awnless. f; . S. Native of South America on the banks of the river Amazon. Bastardia parvifolia, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 255. t. 472. Flowers yellow. Bastard's Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 140 S. retrofra'cta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 467.) leaves heart- shaped, acuminated, toothed, and are as well as pedicels tomen- tose ; stipulas setaceous, deflexed ; pedicels length of petioles usually broken at the articidation ; carpels 7, pubescent, awnless. 3 S n)S MALVACEAE. XXVII. Sida. h . S. Native of Martinico. H. B. et Kuntli, t. 476. Calyx witli acuminated, spreading, or reHexed lobes. Flowers yellow. Rilrnfractcd-\tvAkxWvi\ Sida. Sliriib 2 Icct. 141 S. ke'tida (Cav. diss. G. p. 319.) leaves cordate, ovate, acute, toothed, tomentose; petioles and pedicels hairy ; stipidas setaceous, somewhat spreadinfjr ; pedicels one-half shorter than the petioles; carpels 7-8, awnless, collected into a globe. ©. S- Native of Peru and Martinico. .S. viscosa, Lher. stirp. 1. p. 52. t. 53. Abutilon fd'tiduni, Manch. Pedicels rising along the stem, which is dark purple. Leaves fetid. Flowers yellow. Fetid Sida. Fl. July, Aug. CIt. 1795. PI. 1| foot. 142 S. bre'vites (b. C. prod. 1. p. 467.) leaves cordate, roundish, acuminated, toothed, velvety-pubescent ; petioles and branches covered witli spreading hairs ; stipulas setaceous, somewhat erect; pedicels 1-2, axillary, 5-times shorter than the petioles ; carpels 5-6, awnless. 0. S. Native of St. Martha. Very like the preceding. Flowers yellow. S'liort-pidiccllid-Rowered Sida. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 1 foot. 1 13 S. MAi(\a. Fl. July, Aug. CIt. 1820. PI. 2 feet. 158 S. i'a'tila (Pers. encli. 2. p. 243.) plant herbaceous, spreading, flexuous ; leaves on short stalks, ovate, somewhat crenate, clothed with very soft down ; flowers axillary, sessile. ©. S. N.itive of Cayeiuie. S. mollis. Rich. act. soc. h. nat. par. Flowers white. Spreading Sida. PI. 1 foot. 1 MALVACE^. XXVII. Sida. 499 159 S. Brasilie'nsis (Cav. iliss. 1. p. 37. t. 3 k f. 1.) leaves ovate, acuminate, ."j-neived, hardly tootlilittid, tonitutose be- neath, as well as the branches ; stipulas lililorni ; pedicels 1- flowered, equal in length with the petioles ; capsvdes hairy. $ . S. Native of Brazil. Schrad. ill. pi. bras, in Goct. anz. Flowers yellow ? B>a;:ilimi Sk\a. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1818. PI. 2 feet ? * * Leaves cordate, undhided. IGO S. gua'cilis (Rich. act. sec. nat. par. p. 111.) leaves oblong, cordate, quite entire, tapering to the base, reflexed ; branchlets with fascicles of flowers ; stem shrubby, brittle. \ . S. Native of Antilles. Flowers yellow ? Slender Qk\a. Fl. July, Aug. Shrub. 161 S. ca'rnea (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 473.) leaves ovate-oblong, soniewliat cordate, toothed, acute ; pedicels solitary, axillary, longer than the petioles ; car- pels 5, distinct. T; . S. Native of Mexico. Stem very much branched. Flowers small, flesh-coloured. Stigmas purple. /Yfi7(-coloured-flowered Sida. PI. 2 feet ? 162 S. viLLo'sA (Mill. diet. no. 6.) leaves somewhat cordate, sessile, serrated, rather villous; flowers axillary, crowded; car- pels bidentate. Tj . S. Native of South America. An erect hairy shrub, with pale-yellow flowers. nilous Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1739. Shrub 3 feet. 163 S. verrucula'ta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 473.) stem warty- pubescent ; leaves cordate, lanceolate, acuminate, acutely cre- nate, pubescent ; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered, filiform, a little longer than the petioles. Jj . S. Native of Brazil. S. argiita, Fisch. in Link. enum. hort. berl. 2. p. 206. but not of Svvartz. Petals yellow, a little larger than the calyx. 7r«)7f (/-stemmed Sida. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1822. Shrub 3 ft. 164 S. grave'olens (Roxb. ex Horn. hafn. suppl. 77.) leaves roundish, cordate, somewhat acuminated ; peduncles shorter than the petioles ; carpels truncate, longer than the calyx. ©. S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers yellow. Strong-scented Sida. PL 1-j foot. 165 S. purpura' scENS (Link. enum. hort. berl. 2. p. 206.) leaves cordate, acuminate, crenately-denticulate, and are as well as stems clothed with green down ; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered, a little longer than the petioles. T^ . S. Native of Brazil. Petioles long, nevertheless they are shorter than the limbs of the leaves. Nerves yellowish on the under side of the leaf. Petals with narrow claws, purplish. Purplish Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. Shrub 1 to 3 ft. 166 S. pa'tens (Andr. bot. rep. 571.) leaves cordate, acumi- nate, deeply serrate ; peduncles solitary, longer than the petioles; carpels 5, awned. ^ . S. Native of Abyssinia. F'lowers yellow. Carpels 4-5 seeded. A species of Abutilon. Open Sida. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1806. PI. 4 feet. 167 S. contra'cta (Link. enum. hort. berl. 2. p. 204.) leaves cordate, acuminate, repand, rarely crenate, hoary from down ; panicle contracted, bracteolate ; calyxes tomentose. ^ . S. Na- tive of Madagascar. Flowers yellow ? Con^racedicels panicled, very slender, longer than the petioles, jointed imder the flower ; car])els 5, ovate, acuminated, 3-seeded. O.S. Cav. diss. 1. p. 2C. t. 5. f. 2. Flowers pale-yellow, sometimes light-purple. I'ar. a, Zeylanieum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 467.) leaves narrow, rather scabrous above. Native of Ceylon — Pluk. t. 74. f. 7. —Dill. elth. 1. t. 3. f. 2. I'ar. /}, Caribaum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 468.) leaves evidently cordate, somewhat wrinkled and smooth above. Native of Jamaica. Sloan, liist. 1. t. 139. f. 2. I'ar. y, Periieiamim (I). C. prod. 1. p. 468.) leaves evidently cordate, whitish velvety above ; pedicels simple, shorter than liie leaves. Native of Peru. Perhaps a distinct species. Pcriploca-leavcd A]mU\on. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1C91. PI. 2 to 4 feet. 2 A. ferrugi'neum (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amcr. 5. p. 271.) leaves ovate, somewhat cordate, acuminated, tomentose, quite entire ; pedicels simple, 1 -flowered, shorter than the leaves, jointed in the middle ; carpels 5, beaked, .'i-seeded. 1^ . S. Native of Peru near Loxa. Resembles S. periplocifolia. Sida ferruginea, D. C. prod. 1. p. 460. Flowers yellow. /Ju4. 7irtm/-stipu"led Abutilon. "F1. May, Ju. Clt. 1823. Sh. 4 ft. 14 A. Timorie'nse (D. C. prod. 1. p. 468. under Sida,) leaves cordate, roundish, acuminated, somewhat crenate, white- velvety ; panicle terminal, loose; carpels 5-6, oblong, hispid. Native of the Island of Timor. Flowers yellow? Timor Abutilon. .Shrub 3 feet. 15 A. tui'uuetuum (Lin. spec. 962.) leaves cordate, acumin- ate, serrulated, white-velvety; pedicels .solitary, 1 -flowered; carpels 5, awnless, 3-sceded ; branches triangular. 1; . S. Na- MALVACEJ;:. XXVIir. AiiuTiLoN. 501 tive of South America. Cav. diss. 1. t. 5. f. 1. S.trisukata, Jacq. amer. 195. Schoenbr. t. 1 18.— G«rtii. fruct. 2. t. IM. Ac- cording to Kunth this is the type of a separate genus. Flowers yellow with a purple bottom. Triangiilar-hranchcd Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1775. Shrub 3 feet. 16 A. inca'num (Link. enum. hort. berl. 2. p. 204. under Sida,) leaves hoary with tonientum, cordate, somewhat acumina- ted, acutely crenulated ; pedicels 1-Howered, longer than the j)etioles ; calyxes and capsules tomentose. Jj . S. Native of the Sandwich Islands. Stems somewhat triangular. Flowers yellow, a little longer than those of .S'. triijuetra. //ort)i/-leaved Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub 3 feet. 17 A. in^quila'terum (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 198. t. -10.) leaves ovate-oblong, cordate at the base, unequal-sided, with a short acumen, unequally serrately-ciliated, pilose above, somewiiat tomentose beneath; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flovvered; capsule 8-ce!led ; cells 3-seeded. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of jMinas Geraes and Rio Janeiro. Flowers golden-yellow. I nequal-sided-Xeaved Abutilon. Fl. Feb. Shrub 2 feet. 18 A. GLECHOM.JEFOLIUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 198. t. 411.) stems numerous, terete, prostrate, puberulous ; leaves cordate at the base, roundish, crcnated, puberulous ; flowers axillary, solitary ; capsule 3-5-celled, terminated by as many points ; cells 3-seeded. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Cisplatine. Flowers pinkish. Ground-ivy-leaved Abutilon. Fl. Nov. Jan. Shrub 3 to 5 ft. 19 A. RAMiFLORUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 199.) stem simple, sufl'iuticose, profoundly furrowed, densely tomentose ; leaves cordate, acuminated, nearly entire, velvety-tomentose ; flowers panicled ; capsule hispid, clammy, 5-6-celled ; cells 3-seeded. f; . S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of Minas Geraes and Minas Novas. Flowers yellow. Brancli-Jlowered Abutilon. Shrub 5 to C feet. 20 A. leuca'nthemum (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 200.) stem suffruticose, angular, pubescent ; leaves cordate, acuminated, quite entire, pubescent; flowers disposed in few-flowered ra- cemes ; capsule puberulous, 5-celled, 5-beaked ; cells 3-seeded. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. Flowers white. IVhite-Jiorvered Abutilon. Fl. Aug. Shrub 2 feet. 21 A. pulche'llum (Bonpl. nav. t. 2. under Stda,) leaves cordate, ovate-lanceolate, coarsely and unequally crenated, some- what downy beneath from starry pubescence, scabrous above ; racemes axillary, few-flowered, longer than the petioles ; carpels .5, 2-awned, 2-3-seeded. h . S. Native of New Holland. Hook, hot. mag. t. 2753. Flowers white. Carpels 2-seeded. The plant figured in Bot. Mag. may be a distinct species, the racemes being much shorter than the petioles, and the carpels not evi- dently 2-awned. iVt'a< Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub 2 feet. 22 A. LiGNosuM (Cav. diss. 1. p. 28. t. 6. f 2. under S'tda,) leaves roundish, cordate, acuminate, crenate, tomentose ; pedi- cels solitary, longer than the petioles ; carpels 7-8, awnless, 3- seeded, very hard. Pj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Flowers yellow. Stem hard. /FoocZy-fruited Abutilon. Shrub 3 feet. 23 A. OBTU SUM (Cav. diss. 1. p. 34. t. 9. f. 2. under S)da,) leaves cordate, ovate, obtuse, toothed, tricuspidate ; peduncles usually 4-flowered, umbellate, longer than the petioles ; carpels 8-10, acute, 3-seeded. ^.S. Native of ? Flowers pale-yellow. Blunt-\ea\ed Abutilon. Shrub 3 feet. 24 A. RAMosuM (Cav. diss. 1. p. 28. t. 6. f. 1. under Slda,) leaves ovate, cordate, unequally and deeply toothed ; peduncles axillary, 4-6-flovvered ; carpels 5-G, 2-awned, 3-seeded. Native of Senegal and other parts of Guinea. .S. Afiicana, Beauv. fl. d. ovv. 2. t. IIG. Flowers yellow. Branched Abutilon. Fl. July. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 25 A. UMnF.i.LA'TUM (Lin. spec. 962. under Slda,) leaves roundish, cordate, toothed, rather angular, acuminate ; pedun- cles usually 4-flowcred, umbellate, axillary; carpels 6-11, 2- awned, 3-sceded. 0. S. Native of Jamaica. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 5G. Cav. diss, 1. t. 6. f. 3. and 5. t. 129. f 2. Flowers yellow. Peduncles somewhat 6-7-flowered. Umbcllate-fiowered Abutilon. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1788. PL li foot., 26 A. gigante'um (Jacq. Schoenbr. 2. p. 8. t. 141. under Slda,) leaves roimdish, cordate, crenate, tricuspidate, white and velvety on both surfaces ; flowers racemose ; corollas reflexed ; carpels 5, many-seeded, villous. fj . S. Native of Caraccas. Carpels 8-12, according to Jacquin. Flowers yellow. Gia}it Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 10 ft. 27 A. e'legans (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 207.) stem liairy ; leaves oblong, cordate, acuminated, unequally toothed, velvety- tomentose beneath and hoary ; pedicels axillary, twin, hairy ; ovary 8-celled ; cells 4-9-seeded. Ij . .S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of Rio Janeiro and Minas Geraes. Flowers red ! Elegant Abutilon. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. • * Pulycdrpce. Carpeh or cells 9 or more. 28 A. refle'xum (Cav. diss. 1. p. 26. t. 7. and 6. t. 195. f. 1. imder Slda,) leaves roundish, cordate, acuminate, crenate, tomentose ; pedicels solitary, longer than the petioles ; petals wedge-shaped, toothed at the apex, reflexed ; carpels 12, 3- seeded. Ij . S. Native of Peru in sandy places. S. retrorsa, Lher. stirp. 1. t. 64. Flowers large, scarlet, with a dusky spot at the base of each petal. 7fe/?tj«/-pctalled Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1799. Sh. 4 ft. 29 A. feduncula're (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 273.) leaves roundish-ovate, acuminate, profoundly cordate, repandly-toothed, hairy above, hoary from soft tomentum beneath ; pedicels solitary, very long; petals oblong-spatulate, reflexed ; carpels about 20, 3-4-seeded. Pj . S. Nativeof South America in shady places on the banks of the river Amazon. Sida pedun- cularis, D. C. prod. 1. p. 469. Flowers purple. Long Hower-stalked Abutilon. Shrub 4 feet. 30 A. microspe'rmum (Cav. diss. 1. p. 29. t. 13. f. 4. under Slda,) leaves roundish, cordate, acute, rather crenate ; pedicels solitary, shorter than the petioles; carpels 12-13, 2-3-seeded, each ending in two fringed beaks. Ij . S. Nativeof? Flowers yellow. Seeds very small. Small-seeded Abutilon. Shrub 2 feet. 31 A. umbelli'ferum (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 204.) stem suf- fruticose, terete, densely tomentose ; leaves cordate at the base, abruptly acuminated, velvety-pubescent above, but hoary and to- mentose beneath ; flowers in umbels on the tops of long pedun- cles ; capsule villous, 1 2-1 3-celled, with an equal number of beaks ; cells 3-seeded. Ij . S. Native of Brazil m the province of Rio Grande do Sul. Flowers pinkish. Umbelliferous Abutilon. Shrub 7 to 8 feet. 32 A. pscule'ntum (St. Hil. fl. bras. l.p. 204.) stem shrubby, terete, tomentose with grey hairs ; leaves cordate, acuminated, toothed, puberulous above, and tomentose beneath ; flowers axil- lary, solitary ; cells of capsule 3-seeded. Ij . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro, where it is called Bencao dc Deos, and where the inhabitants dress and eat the flowers with their viands. Flowers purple. St. Hil. pi. us. bras. no. 51. Esculent-Cowered Abutilon. Fl. Sept. Shrub 7 to 8 feet. 33 A. ca'rneum (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 205.) stem sufl^ruti- cose, terete, tomentose from rufescent hairs ; leaves cordate. .50: MALVACEAE. XXVIII. Abutilok. acuminated, toothed, piiberulous above, but clothed witli white tomentuin beneath ; flowers solitary, terminal ; capsule tonien- tose, ID-liorned, lo-celled ; cells i-D-secded. >2 ■ S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. Flowers Hcsh-coloured. /•'/f',s7i-coloured-flowered Abiuilon. Fl. Sept. Shrub 1 to 3 ft. 3 1 A. iMBERBE (D.C. prod. 1. p. iCt'.t. imder SUla,) leaves cor- ilate, acute, crenulate, white and velvety on both surfaces, upper leaves almost sessile ; ])edicels solitary, 3-times longer than the petioles ; carj)els 12-13, a little inflated, rather scabrous, or ciliat- ed, awnless. Native of Guadaloupe and St. Domingo. Resem- bles A. crispnm, Lin. Flowers vcllow. Bcardltss Abutilon. .Shrub 2 feet. 35 A. rl-fe'scens (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 205. t. 42.) stem shrubby, tomentosc, rusty ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, obtuse at the base, acuminated at the apex, toothed, smooth above, tomen- tose beneath ; flowers corymbose ; capsule subglobose, very villous, niutic, 13-1 (i-celled; cells 4-9-sceded. Ij.S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow. I'ar. ft, confertum (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 20C.) leaves lanceolate, sublinear, more crowded and smooth than in var. a. Brazil at Villa Rica. Hufcsccnt ,\butilon. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 36 A. CRi'sriM (Lin. spec. 961-. under Sida,) leaves cordate, .-icuminate, crenated, rather tomcntose, upper ones sessile ; pedi- cels solitary, longer than the petioles, when in fruit deflexed ; carpels 12-13, 3-seeded, inflated, awnless, iindulately-curled with a hairy keel. Q. S. Native of Carolina, New S|)ain, Providence, Bahama Islands and Peru by the sea-coast. — Dill, elth. t. 5. f. 5.— Cav. iliss. 1. p. 30. t. 7. f. 1. and 5. t. 135. f. 2. .S. amplexicaiilis. Lam. diet. 1. p. 7. Flowers white, small. CHr/<(/-fruited Abutilon. Fl. July, Aui. Clt. 172G. PI. 1 ft. 37 A. AMi'LEXiioi.iuM (Moc. ct Sessc, fl. mex. icon. ined. I). C. |)rod. 1. p. K19. under S'ltla,) leaves cordate, acuminate, crenated, up])er ones sessile, stem-clasping; panicle terminal, many-flowered. 1/ . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers yellow. Fruit-bearing pedicels erect. Clasplrif^-ltared Abutilon. PI. I foot. 38 A. iuvlla're (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 202.) stem suHVuti- cose, terete, tomcntose ; leaves cordate, oblong, obtuse, toothed, tomcntose; flowers umbellate; capsule very villous, mutic, 10- 12-cellcd; cells 3-seeded. I;. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Cisplatine on the banks of a rivulet called Rio del Same. Flowers red. Rivulet Abutilon. Fl. Dec. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 39 A. viRGATUM (Cav. icon. 1. p. 53. t. 73. under Slda,) leaves cordate, ovate, acuminated, serrated, pubcridous ; pedicels solitary, lonijer than the i)eti^y Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub 3 ft. 40 A. micra'ntiium (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 208.) leaves cor- date, acuminated, toothed, tomentosc beneath ; flowers large, racemosely-glomerated ; capsule globose, nuitic, very villous, 12-celled ; cells 4-9-secded. I7 . S. Native of Brazil. Siiiall-Jlotirrcd Abutilon. Shrub 2 to G feet. 41 A. AKDoKEUM (Lin. fil. suppl. 397. Lher. stirp. p. 131. t. 63. under fiida,) leaves orbicular, cordate, acuminate, cre- nated, tomentosc; sti))ulas ciliated; pedicels longer than the leaves; carpels 13-15, truncate, villous, 5-seeded. 1;. S. Native of Peru. S. Peruviana, Cav. diss. 1. p. 36. t. 7. f. 8. and 5. t. 130. S. grandifolia, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 31. Flowers large, sidphur-coloured, or nearly white. Tnc Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1772. Tree 12 feet. 42 .\. monta'num (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 207.) stem shrid)by, terete, branched, ])ubescent ; leaves cordate, acuminated, serrate, pubcrulous above, tonientose, and nuich paler beneath ; flowers axillary, solitary, and twin; capsule villous, mutic, 10-celled; cells 4-9-seeded. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of Rio Janeiro and Minas Geraes. F'lowers purple. Mountain Abutilon. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 43 \. Maviritia'num {Jac(|. icon. rar. 1. 1. 137. under Sida,) leaves roundish, cordate, acuminate, toothed, tomcntose beneath ; pedicels longer than the petioles ; carpels 30, 3-sceded, trun- cated, beaked, villous, longer than the caly.x. H . S. Native of the Mauritius. S. planiflora, Cav. diss. 1. p. 32. t. 7. f. 4. and 5. t. 135. f. 1. Flowers orange-coloured. yV«Mri7(«n Abutilon. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1789. Sh. 3 ft. 44 A. ATRoriKPL'REUM (Bhuu. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Liim;ua, 1. p. 652. under Sida,) leaves orbicularly-cordate, acuminated, unequally crenate, pubescent above from simple and stellate hairs, tomcntose beneath ; stipulas leafy, unequally cordate ; panicle terminal ; pedicels much shorter than the petioles ; car- pels about 10, truncate, acuminated, longer than the calyx. Ij . S. Native of Java. Flowers dark-purple. Dark-jmrple-Rowcred Abutilon. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 45 A. GLOBiFLoRUM (Hook, bot. mag. 2821. under Sida,) smooth ; leaves on long stalks, cordate, serrated, tajx'ring much at the apex and entire ; peduncles solitary, length of petioles ; calyx truncate at the base ; corolla subglobose. *; . S. Native of the Mauritius. Stamens collected into a globe at the top of the tube, exserted beyond the corolla. Style lipped by 10 capitate stigmas. Carpels 10. Flowers large, globose, cream- coloured. This is certainly a species of Pcriptera, or a new- genus. Globc-Jlotvcrcd Abutilon. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1825. Sh. 4 to 5 ft. 46 A. Tiii/EFOLiiM (Fisch. cat. hort. goren. 1808. D. C. prod. 1. p. 470. under Sida,) leaves roundish, cordate, with a broad recess, acuminate, toothed, soft, pubescent ; pedicels shorter than the petioles; carpels 15, hairy, 2-awned. 0. G. Native of China and Thibet. Willd. cnum. 722. Jaccj. 111. eccl. 1. f. 35. Flowers yellow. Leaves large. /,iwc-(^;?n/c-leaved Nuttallia. Fl. .Vug. Clt. 1824. PI. 2 to 3 ft. 2 N. I'EDa'ta (Nutt. mss. Hook. exot. fl. 3. t. 172.) leaves lacineately-ptdate. upper ones trilid; flowers panicled. %. H. Native of Norih America in prairies in the Arkansa territory. Sida pedata, S])reng. This plant differs from the last in the panicled inflorescence. /'(v/rt/c-kaved Nuttallia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. 2 to 3 ft. Cull. These ))l;mts deserve to be cultivated in every collec- tion on account of the elegance of their blossoms. They thrive best in peat soil mixed with sand, or vegetable mould. They may be increased by seeds, or sometimes by dividing the \ lants at the root. They require shelter in severe weather. MALVACEAE. XXX. Lagunea. XXXI. Ingeniiouzia. XXXII. Euryantiie. BOMBACEtE. 505 XXX. LAGUNE'A (in honour of Andreas Laguna, a .Spanish physician and botanist of the sixteenth century. He transhited Dioscorides into Spanish). Cav. diss. ii. p. 173. D. C. syst. 1. p. 47t. — Sohindra, Murr. comni. goct. 1781'. Lam. ill. t. 580. but not of Swartz. Lin. syst. Monaditpliia, Polijdndria. Calyx naked, 5- deft. Petals 5, spreadinjr, witii narrow claws. Anthers inserted on the sides and top of the tube. Stigmas 5. Capsules 5-cellcd, 5- valved, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve, connected with the central filiform permanent axis. This genus differs from Hibiscus as Sula does from M/ilca. Flowers axillary, solitary. 1 L. loba'ta (Willd. spec. 3. p. 733.) leaves cordate, 3- lobed ; lobes oval-oblong, acuminate, toothed, with very nar- row recesses. Q. H. Native of the Island of Bourbon. Solandra lobata, Murr. com. goet. 1784. p. 21. t. 1. Triguera acerifblia, Cav. diss. 1. p. 41. t. 11. f. last. Lagunae'a lobata, Cav. diss. 5. t. 130. f. 1. Hibiscus Solandra, Lher. stirp. 1. t. 49. Flowers truly nionopetalous, with a 5-parted limb of a white colour ; they are disposed in something like a spike at the tops of the branches. /o6erf-leaved Lagunea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1787. PI. 2 ft. 2 L. ? TRi'coLOR ; pilose ; stem erect, simple ; leaves lan- ceolate, acute, rather cordate at the base. ©. S. Native of Sierra Leone. The corolla is of 5 petals of the same colour as those of Hibiscus triomim. Perhaps a distinct genus. 7'/(ree-co/o!(rcrf-flowered Lagunea. PI. 4 foot. 3 L. siNUA ta (Horn. hafn. 645.) leaves cordate, 3-lobed ; lobes oblong, acuminate, toothed, with wide recesses. ©. S. Native of? Perhaps a variety of Z. lobalii. L. angulata, Hortul, Flowers purjilish-white ? .S'co//opcc/-ieaved Lagunea. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 2 ft. 4 L. terxa'ta (Cav. diss. 5. p. 279. t. 13(i. f. 2. under So- Idndrii,) lower leaves 3-parted ; lobes oblong, entire, middle one very long; upper leaves somewhat halbert-shaped, elongated. ©. .S. Native of Senegal. Stem villous. TcrHa/e-leaved Lagunea. PI. 1 foot. 5 L. aculea'ta (Cav. diss. 3. p. 173. t. 71. f. 1.) leaves 3- parted, with oblong-linear, deeply-toothed lobes ; stem prickly, tonientose. © ? S. Native of Pondichery. Flowers yellow. .Stigmas red. Calyx ruptured longitudinally. This plant is called Cattacacheree by the inhabitants of Pondichery. Prickly Lagunea. PI. li foot. Cidt. Not worth cidtivating except in botanical gardens. The seeds require to be sown on a moderate hot-bed, and when the plants are of sufficient size they should be shifted into other pots, and then placed in the green-house or planted out in the open border in a sheltered situation. XXXI. INGENHOU'ZIA (Ingenhouze, a Mexican bo- tanist.) Moc. et Sesse, fl. raex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 474. Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Polijdndria. Calyx naked, 3- parted into ovate-lanceolate, acuminate lobes. Petals 5, with a campamdate urceolus on the inside of the petals. Stamens in- definite, monadelphous. Style 1. Fruit unknown. 1 I. tri'loba (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 474.) ^ . G. Native of Mexico. Herb resembling in habit (jossi/piiim. Leaves stalked, 3-lobed ; lobes ovate-lan- ceolate, acute, entire. Pedicels 1 -flowered, opposite the leaves. Flowers yellowish-red. 7'liree-lobed-\ea\ed Ingenhousia. PI. 2 feet ? Cult. The seeds of this plant will require to be raised on a hot- bed frame, and when the plants are of sufficient size they should be separated and planted singly in other pots, and after they have VOL. I. PART VI. recovered this shifting, they may then be placed in the stove or greenhouse, where they will ripen their seed. XXXII. I',URY,\'NTHE (from fvfwr, euri/s, wide, and atdor, anilius, a flower,) Cham, et Schlecht. in Linn;ea. 3. p. 20(i. Lin. SYST. Polydndria, Alonogynia. Calyx 5-parted, di- vided nearly to the base. Petals 5, twisted in aestivation. Sta- mens indefinite, free ; filaments hardly connected at the base, unequal ; anthers linear, 2-celled, fixed by the base, opening longitudinally. Ovary superior, egg-shaped, 3-celled, many- seeded, fixed to the central column. Style sitnple, deciduous, terminated by a simple stigma. Fruit 3-celled, 3-valved ; valves with a dissepiment in the middle. — A malvaceous herb, with alternate digitately-parted leaves. This genus is allied to Gera- nidcece, but more closely to Malvdcece, but it differs materially in the anthers being 2-celled, a circumstance which excludes it from that order as it is now constituted. 1 E. ScHiEDiANA (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c.) ©? ")/ . G. Native of Mexico. Stipulas free. Racemes secund. Flowers large, flame- coloured. Schicde's Euryanthe. PI. 1 foot. Cult. This plant will grow in a mixture oi" loam and sand, and it may either be increased by seed, or by cuttings, planted under a haud-alass. Order XXXI. BOMB.\'CE.iE (plants agreeing with Bom- bax, in many important characters,) Kunth, diss. malv. p. 5. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 294. D. C. prod. 1. p. 475. Calyx naked at the base or involucrated with a few bracteas (f. 87. a.). Sepals 5, joined together into an urceolate-campanu- late tube (f. 87. 6.), sometimes truncate at the apex, sometimes ir- regularly imbricated, sometimes somewhat valvately-connate, and bursting laterally ; the aestivation is therefore doubtful. Petals 5, regular (f. 87. c.) or wanting, when present they are usually convolute in aestivation, but sometimes imbricate. Stamens 5 ? 10- 15 or more ; filaments adnate to the base of the tube of the petals, but separated into 5 bundles (f 87./.); bundles containing 1 or many anthers, sometimes intermixed with a few sterile threads. Anthers 1-celled. Ovary of 5, rarely of 10 carpels, sometimes these are nearly distinct, sometimes so closely connected as to ap- pear a single fruit (f 86./. f 87. g.), opening variously. .Styles distinct, more or less connected together. Fruit of various shapes. Seeds enveloped in wool or pulp, some of them are without albumen ; these have corrugated or convolute cotyle- dons, but those furnished with albumen have flat cotyledons. This order is very closely allied to Malvdcece, from which per- haps it is not distinct; it agrees with it in the 1-celled anthers, in the petals being usually convolute, and in habit, but differs from it in the calyx being imbricate, not truly valvate, in the staminiferous tube being divided into 5 bundles or sets at the apex, not monadelphous, as in that order. It comes also near to Byttneridcece and Chlendcece in habit, but it is easily distin- guished from these two orders in the anthers being 1-celled, not 2-celled. The species are fine tropical trees and shrubs. Some of them arc amongst the largest trees in the world ; Adansonia ditritdta, the Baobab of Senegal, or Monkey-bread of the English colonies on the coast of Guinea, has been seen with a 3 T 506 nOMBACE.li:. I. Heucteres. diameter of 25 feet, although the hcij;ht is not great, at most 20 or 30 feet high, and specimens of Bumhax cciba, Er'wdcndron anfractubsum and Guincinsis, and other species are not uncom- mon above 100 feet in height. The wood of all the plants con- tained in this order is soft and iiglit, as in Malviicece, from whicli this order probably does not dillc-r in its medical properties. Synopsis of the Genera. 1 Heli'cteres. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft. Stamens 5 to 15, monadelphous, but multifid at the apex. Ovary stipitatc. Styles .'>, joined at the base. Carpels 5, 1 -celled, many-seeded, twisted or straight. Leaves simple. 2 Myro'dia. Calyx tubular, l-i-toothed, bursting laterally. Column of stamens long. Anthers 10-15. Capside drupace- ous, 2-3-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. Leaves simple. 3 PL.vGiA'NTHf s. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, 2 of which are approximate, remote from the rest. Stigma clavate. Berry ? Leaves simple. 1- Mati'sia. Calyx irregularly 2-5-toothcd, bursting. Co- lumn of stamens cleft into 5 at the apex, each division contain- uig 12 anthers, all on the outer side. Drupe ovate, 5-celled j cells 1 -seeded. Leaves simple. 5 Pourre'tia. Calyx 5-partcd, campanulatc. Column of stamens 5-cleft at the apex. Capsule coriaceous, membra- nous, 5-winged, 1 -celled, indehisccnt, cell 1 -seeded. Leaves entire. 6 Montezuma. Calyx hemispherical, truncate, sinuately- toothed. Stamens numerous, twisted around the style, mona- delphous, with 5 distinct furrows. Capsule globose, 'l-S-celled ; cells many-seeded. Leaves entire. 7 Ophe'lus. Calyx 5-cleft ; lobes acute, reflexed. Stamens numerous, joined into a tube at the base, somewhat reflexed at tlie apex. Stigma multifid. Capsule woody, oblong-ovate, 1 2- celled, many-seeded. Leaves entire. 8 Adanso'nia. Calyx 5-parted, deciduous. Urceolus of the stamens dilated and expanded at the apex. Stigmas numerous. Capsule woody, indchiscent, 10-celled, many-seeded, full of fari- naceous pulp. Leaves compound. ri Cauoli'nea. Calyx tubular, somewhat truncate, perma- nent. Petals very long. Stamens monadelphous at the base, but divided into many 12-24-anthered bundles at the top. Stigmas '). Capsule woody, many-valved, 1-celled, many-seeded. Seeds enveloped in aril. Leaves compound, (f. 8G.). 10 Bo'-MRAX. Calyx s«b(piiii(|uefid or truncate. Petals con- nected together, and with the staminiferuus column at the base. Stamens numerous, sometimes purely monadelphous, sometimes divided into 5 bundles at the apex ; filaments free. Capsule large and long, 5-celled, 5-valved; cells many-seeded. .Seeds albuminous, enwrapped in wool. Leaves compound. 1 1 Eriode'ndron. Calyx obtusely 5-lobed. Petals con- nected together, and with the staminiferous column at the base. .Stamens numerous, connected at the ba.se in a short column, but divided into 5 bundles at the apex ; bundles connected to the top, fdilbrni, each bearing 2 or 3 anthers at the apex, linear or anfractuous, appe.iring like 1 anther. Leaves compound. 1 12 CuoRi'siA. Calyx campanulatc, 2-5-lobed, furnished with 3 permanent bracteas at the base. Petals long. Tube of stamens double, the interior one slender, round, bearing 10 twin anthers, outer one short, 10-lobed, sterile, adnale to the interior above the base. Ovary sessile, ovate, 5-cellcd. Capsule 5- valved, 1 -celled, many-seeded. Leaves compound. 13 Do RIO. Calyx obtusely 5-lobcd, girded by a 2-lobed involucel (f. 87. a. b.). Petals connected at the base. Stamens numerous, pentadelj)hous. Anthers anfractuous (f. 87. o; white tomcntnm beneath ; petals exceedinn; the calyx ; column of stamens exserted ; carpels twisted. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. II. Braziliensis, Mik. fasc. 4. H. corylifolia, Nees. et Mart, nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 44. Peduncles 2-.'3-flovveved. Petals yellowish-green at the base, but intensely red at the apex. Or«/e-leaved Screw-tree. Shrub 5 to C feet. 4 H. DREVispiRA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 274. t. 54.) decan- drous ; leaves ovate, acute, somewhat cordate at the base, bi- serrate-toothed, velvety-tomentose ; limbs of petals broadish, reflexed, twice the length of the calyx ; column of stamens ex- serted ; carpels short, twisted. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in ti.e provinces of Minas Geraes and Minas Novas. Peduncles 2- flowered, equal in length to the petioles. Petals at first yellow, with a red spot at the base of eacli, at length becoming intensely scarlet. .S7(or/-i;^)Jrerf-carpelled Screw-tree. Shrub 4 to G feet. 5 H. Barue'nsis (Lin. mant. 122,) decandrous; leaves cor- date, sharply-serrated, tomentose beneath : peduncles 2-flouered ; calyx somewhat 2-lipped ; carpels cylindrical, somewhat velvety, awl-shaped at top. fj . S. Native of the Island of Baruco and the Isthmus of Panama, in woods by the sea-side. Jacq. amer. 236. t. 149. Lobes of calyx 5, irregidarly joined into two lips. Petals linear, white. Calyx greenish-yellow. The bark of the trunk and principal branches being easily peeled off and very tough, is used instead of ropes. f ar. /3, oviita (D. C. prod. 1. p. 47.'5.) leaves ovate, scarcely cordate, obtuse, toothed, tomentose beneath. ^ . S. Native ? Perhaps a distinct species. ^ncrao Screw-tree. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1739. Sh. 12 ft. 6 H. GuAzuM^FOLiA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 304.) decandrous ; leaves obsoletely- cordate, somewhat ovate, unequal-sided, acuminate, serrate, hairy above, white from down beneath ; peduncles 2-flowered ; calyx 5-lobed ; petals spatulate. Ij . S. Native on the banks of the river Orinoco and near Caripe in Cumana. Resembles H. Baruensis. Flowers red. Guasuma-leavedSc\-ev;-tree. Fl. ? Clt. 1820. Shrub 8 ft. 7 H. GREwiy-EFoLiA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 476.) decandrous; leaves ovate, scarcely cordate at the base, acute, unequally and doubly serrate, downy on both surfaces ; carpels cylindrical, some- what velvety, awl-shaped at the apex. I7 . S. Native of the Island of Timor. Petals oblong with long claws. Fruit like that of H. Baruensis, but more slender. Grenia-leavcd Screw-tree. Fl. June, July. Shrub 6 feet. S H. macrope'tala (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 275.) decandrous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, biserrate-toothed, nearly smooth ; limb of petals broad, reflexed, covering the calyx, which is nearly 3-times shorter ; column of stamens greatly exserted ; carpels spirally twisted. Tj , S. Native of Brazil in the pro- vince of Minas Novas. Branches clothed with stellate hairs. Petals smooth. Long-petalled Screw-tree. Fl. June. Tree 12 to 15 feet. 9 H. Sarcaro'lha (St. Hil. pi. usu. bras. no. 64. fl. bras. 1. p. 276.) leaves roundish-ovate or ovate, acute, slightly cordate, serrate-toothed, clothed with brown tomentum ; petals narrow, hardly higher than the calyx ; column of stamens twice that length ; carpels twisted. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. A decoction of the roots of this shrub is used by the inhabitants of the Bra- zils, especially in the provinces of the mines, in syphilitic com- plaints, where they call it sarcaroUia. Corolla Vermillion. Sarcarolha Screw-tree. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 10 H. Mexica'na (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 305.) decandrous ; leaves ovate, somewhat cordate, unequally ser- rate, soft, and pubescent above, hoary from down beneath ; calyx acutely 5-toothed ; fruit ovate, somewhat velvety. ^ . S. Na- tive of Mexico between Mazatlan and Chilpancingo. H. rubra, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ic. ined. Petals unequal, spatulate at the apex, red. Calyx velvety. Genitals scarcely twice as long as the corolla. Tl/ea-itflK Screw-tree. .Shrub 10 feet. 11 H. Jamaice'nsis (Jacq. amer. 235. t. 179. f. 99.) decan- drous ; leaves cordate, crenate, clothed with velvety down on both surfaces ; flowers somewhat terminal, few, corymbose ; fruit ovate, densely clothed with down. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica and St. Thomas. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 143.— Pluk. aim. 182. t. 245. f. 3. — Sloan, jam. 97. hist. 1. p. 22. Calyx green- ish-yellow. Petals white. Tube of stamens very long. dia (from iv, eu, well, and myrodia ; genuine species oi Myrodia). D. C. prod. 1. p. 477. Anthers all placed on the top of the staminiferous tube. 1 M. Ti kbina'ta (Swartz, fl. ind. oec. 2. p. 1227.) leaves ovate-oblong ; calyx turbinate ; staminiferous tube shorter than tl'.e petals ; branches sparing. H . .S. Native of the Ca- ribbee Islands on the banks of torrents, and of Mexico. M. ovata, Moc. et Sesse, fl. niex. icon. ined. Flowers white. T«rt/n«/t-calyxed Myrodia. Fl. ? Clt. 1793. Shrub 8 ft. 2 M. vekticii,la'ris (Moc. et Sesse, fl. nicx. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 477.) leaves oblong, acuminate at both ends ; calyx turbinate, irregidarly scollo])ed; column of stamens rather shorter than the petals ; floriferous branches whorlcd. t^ . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers white. /r//o;7c(/-branched Myrodia. Fl. ? Shrub 6 feet ? 3 M. I'E.SDLLIFLORA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 209. t. 53. A.) leaves obovate, obtusely acuminated on short petioles ; pedun- cles slender, drooping, many-times longer than the petiole. fj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of llio Janeiro. /"cjit/x/oMS-rtowered Myrodia. Fl. Sept. Shrub 5 to G feet. Sect. II. Qijarari'bea (QHrtrariic is the name of the tree in Guiana). D. C. ])rod. 1. p. 477. Anthers scattered along the staminiferous column. Corolla twisted in scstivation, not imbricate as in the first section. 4 M. longiflora (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1229.) leaves lanceolate-oblong ; calyx cylindrical ; column of stamens longer than the petals. T; . .S. Native of Gtiiana on the banks of rivers. Quararibea Guiancnsis, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 9G2. t. 278. Cav. diss. 3. t. 71. f. 2. Flowers white. The bark of this tree being fdamentose is used in Guiana for making lines. Long-Jtonrrcd Myrodia. Fl. May. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. A light rich soil suits the species of this genus best ; and half-rii)ened cuttings taken od'at a joint root readily in sand under a hand-glass, placed in heat. III. PLAGIA'NTHUS (from irXayior, plagios, oblique or lateral, uiSog, anthos, a flower ; because two of the petals are remote from the rest, which causes the flower to have an ob- lique appearance). Forst. gen. t. 43. D. C. prod. 1. p. 477. Lin. SVST. J\Ionadil],/iia, l'(di/iindiia. Calyx naked, 5- cleft. Petals 5, ovate, two of which are approxunate and re- mote from the others. Stigma club-shaped. Berry ? A branched shrub with narrow, fascicled leaves, and solitary, 1- flowered pedicels. 1 P. 1)ivauica"ti's (Forst. 1. c). ^ . H. Native of New Zealand. Branches divaricating. Leaves small, in bundles, linear. Flowers solitary, small, reddish ? Dicaricating-hrandwd Plagianihus. Fl. June, July. CIt. 1820. Shrub 8 feet. Cult. This shrub will stand our winters well if planted in a sheltered situation ; young cuttings will root freely in sand under a hand-glass. I\'. .MATPSIA (in memory of .M. Matis, an artist attached to the l)olanical expedition of Humboldt in New Granada). II. B. pi. a'(|uiu. 1. t. 2. nov. gen. amer. 5. ]). .iOG. D. C prod. 1.].. 477. Lin. syst. Monndilphia, Pidyuinhia. Calyx naked, irre- gularly 2-5-toothentatf-\eaved Matisia. Tree yO to K) feet. Cit/l. A light rich soil will suit this tree well, and half-ripened cuttings taken off at a joint and planted in sand under a hand- glass will root freely, if placed in heat. V. POURRETIA (in honour of Abbe Pourret, a French botanist who travelled in Spain ; author of several botanical papers in the Memoirs of tlie Royal Academy of Toulouse). Willd. spec. 3. p. S-11. D. C. prod. 1. p. ■l-'i7. Cavanillesia, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. p. 20. Lin. syst. Moiiadelp/iia, Polijundria. Calyx naked, 5- parted, campanulate, permanent. Petals 5. Stamens joined in a cylinder at the base but divided into 5 bundles at the top. Stigma capitate. Capsules 1 -celled, indehiseent, somewhat coriaceous, with 5 large, leafy wings ; cells 1- seeded, many, usually abortive. Cotyledons twisted, chrysalus-like. Corr. ann. mus. 9. p. 293. t. 26. Trees with 5-7-lobed deciduous leaves, and imibels of flowers rising before the leaves. 1 P. ARBOREA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 844.) leaves cordate. T; . S. Native of Peru on the Andes. Cavanillesia umbellata, Ruiz, et Pav. prod. p. 97. t. 20. A tree with a thick trunk bulging out in the middle ; wood spongy. Flowers lunbellate, red, very fugacious. Tree Pourretia. Tree 40 feet. 2 P. PLATANiFOLiA (H. B. pi. a?quin. 2. p. 162. t. 133.) leaves somewhat peltate, 5-7-lobed. T; . S. Native in the jirovince of Carthagena. Cavanillesia platanifolia, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 306. Petals flesh-coloured, clothed' « ith rusty down on the outside. Flowers in umbels. Plane-lrcc-leaved Pourretia. Tree 60 feet. Cult. The species of this genus will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; the cuttings should not be too ripe and they should be taken off at a joint ; they will then root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. VI. MONTEZU'MA (in honour of Montezuma, once sove- reign of Mexico). Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 477. Lin. syst. Munadclpliia, Polyandria. Calyx naked, he- niisj)herical, truncate, sinuately-toothed. Petals 5, somewhat sinuated, large. Stamens indefinite, spirally twisted about the style, in a long column which has 5 somewhat distinct furrows. Style ending in a club-shaped ligulate stigma. Berry globose, 4-5-celled ; cells many-seeded. A large spreading tree. 1 M. spEciosissiMA (Moc. et .Sesse, fi. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 477.). Tj . S. Native of Mexico. Leaves smooth, heart-shaped, acute, entire, stalked. Pedicels 1-flowered, rising from the branches beneath the leaves. Flowers large, of a purplish-scarlet colour. J'ery-sheivii Montezuma. Clt. 1827. Tree 40 feet. Cult. This very shewy tree will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and cuttings, not too ripe, taken off at a joint, will root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. VII. OPHE'LUS (from o^cXoc, ophclos, use ; in allusion to tlie economical use of the fruit in Cochin-china). Lour. coch. p. 412. D. C. prod. 1. p. 478. Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Pohjiindria. Calyx naked, 5- cleft ; lobes acute, spreading, reflexed. Petals 5, thick. Sta- mens indefinite, joined at the base into a tube, somewhat reflexed at the top. Stigma multifid. Berry woody, oblong-ovate, 12- celled, many-seeded. This tree is nearly allied to Adansonia. 1 O. siTULA Rius(Lour. 1. c.). Tj . G. Native of the eastern coast of Africa by the sea-shore. Adansonia situla, Sprcng. syst. 3. p. 121'. Leaves scattered, oblong, quite entire, smooth, stalked. Flowers white, solitary, terminal, 3 inches in diameter. The fruit is large and woody; it has a lid which is easily separated, and wiien cleared from the pulp and seed is used in Cochin-china for holding water or any liquor. Bucket Ophclus. Tree 40 feet. Cult. l\ei)uire the same treatment as Adansun'ia, both in cultivation and propagation. VIII. ADANSO^NIA (in honour of Michael Adanson, a I-'reneh botanist and traveller at Seneg.il, author of Voyage de Senegal and Famille des Plantes, died 1727). Lin. gen. no. 836. D. C. prod. 1. p. 478. Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Polj/tindria. Calyx naked, deci- duous, 5-parted. Petals 5, joinetl almost to the middle. Ur- ceolus of stamens expanded at the top. Stvie very long. Stigmas many, stellate. Capsules indehiseent, woody, 10-celled; cells many-seeded, filled with farinaceous pulp about the seeds. A spreading tree with a thick spongy trunk, palmate leaves, with 3 leaflets in the young plants, but 5-7 on the adult ones, and large, white flowers with purplish anthers, on long axillary solitary pedicels. 1 A. DiGiTA'TA(Lin. spec. 960.). Pj . S. Native of the western coast of Africa. Cav. diss. 5. p. 298. t. 15. Lam. dl. t. 588. Hook, hot. mag. t. 2791 and 2792. A. Baobab, Ga;rt. fr. 2. p. 253. t. 135 — B.aobab. Alp. segyp. 66. t. 67. This tree is called in many parts on the western coast of Africa Monkey-hrcad, Sour-gourd, and Batiohah in Egypt. It is considered the largest or rather the broadest tree in the world. Several trees measured by M. Adanson were from 65 to 78 feet in circumference, but very low in proportion. The trunks were from 12 to 15 feet high before they divided into many horizontal branches, which touched the ground at their extremities ; these were from 45 to 55 feet long, and were so large, that each branch was equal to a monstrous tree ; and where the water of a neighbouring river had washed away the earth, so as to leave the roots of one of these trees bare and open to the sight, they measured 110 feet long, without including those parts of the roots which remained covered. Adanson calcu- lates as follows. That a tree of 1 year old is \h inch in diameter and 5 inches in height. 20 do. r foot do. 15 do. 30 do. 2 do. do. 22 do. 100 do. 4 do. do. 29 do. 1000 do. 14 do. do. 58 do. 2400 do. 18 do. do. 64 do. 5150 do. 30 do. do. 73 do. The tree arrives at a great age, whence it has been called arhrc de mille ems, and whence too Humboldt has been led to speak of it as the "oldest organic monument of our planet." The tree yields a fruit which resembles a gourd, and which serves for vessels of various uses ; the bark furnishes a coarse thread which they form into ropes, and into a cloth, with which the natives cover their middle from the girdle to the knees ; the small leaves supply them with food in a time of scarcity, while the large ones are used for covering their houses. The dried leaves, reduced to a powder, constitute halo, a favourite article with the natives of the eastern coast of Africa, and whicli they mix daily with their food, for the purpose of diminishing the excess of perspiration occasioned by the beat of those climates ; even Europeans find it serviceable in cases of diarrhoea, fevers, and other diseases. At Sierra Leone this tree does not grow larger than a comn on apple-tree. The wood is spongv, soft, 510 BOMBACE.'E. IX. Carolinea. and liglit, and is of no use as timber. In Abyssinia the wild bees perforate it for the purpose of lodging their honey in the holes, whieh honey is reckoned the best in the country. On the eastern coast of Africa the tree is liable to the attack of a sj)icics of fungus, which vegetates in the woody part, and which, without changing its colour or appearance, destroys life, and renders the part so attacked very soft. !?uch trunks as have been so attacked are hollowed out into chambers, and within them are suspended the dead bodies of those who are refused the honour of burial. There they become mummies perfectly dry and well preserved, without any farther preparation or embalmment, and are known by the name of giiiriuts. The farinaceous pulp enveloping the seeds tastes somewiiat like gingerbread, and is eaten with or without sugar by the natives. At Uangole it I'ornis the princip.il part of tlie food of the natives, who .season many of their dishes with it, especially a kind of gruel made of corn called rooy. It was the chief support of M.ijor Pcdley's expedition for 10 or 12 days. The juice, expressed and mixed with sugar Or a syrup made of it, is used in putrid and pestilential fevers. At Cairo they reduce the pulp to a pdwder, and use it in these disorders, in the lientery, dysentery, and all sorts of fluxes. Owing to these circumstances, the fruit forms an article of commerce. Tlie Mandingos carry it to tlie eastern and more southern parts of Africa, and tlirough the medium of the Arabs it reaches Morocco and even Egypt. If the fruit is decayed or injured it is burned ; tlie leys are boiled »vith rancid palm-oil, and the negroes use it instead of soap. Digitalc-\ea\ei\ Adansonin, Slonkey-bread-tree, or Ethiopian Sour-gourd. Fl Nov. Clt. 1 724. Tree 30 feet. Cult. A rich Icamy soil suits this tree well ; and large, ripened cuttings will root in a pot of sand under a hand-glass, in » moist heat. IX. CAROLl'NEA (in honour of Soi)hia Caroline, Mar- ■ liioness of liaden, a name which will be always dear to bota- nists). Lin. fil. supi)l. p. 51 and 314. D. C. prod. 1. p. 478. — Pachira, Aubl. f;uian. 2. p. 725. Lin. svst. A/vnadilpliia, Pi>l)j6ndna Calvx naked, cup- sha])ed, truncate, permanent. Petals 5, ligidate, and very long. Stamens monadelphous at tlie base, divided at the top into 5 or more many-anthered bundles ; filaments forked, each fork bear- ing two anthers, one on each filament. Style very long. Stigmas 5, spreading. Capsules woody, 5-valved, 5-celled, with a disse- piment in the middle of each valve, but it is sometimes so nari-ow as to make the fruit appear 1 -celled, many-seeded. Seeds cover- ed with a kind of fleshy aril, and sometimes with silky wool. Cotyleilons according to the younger Lin. are jilaited. — Trees with palmate compound leaves and large showy flowers, which are solitary in the axilla; of the upper leaves. 1 C. I'KiNCErs (Lin. fil. supjil. '■j\ 1.) leaflets 5-8, ovale-laneco- late, acuminate, smooth ; pedun- cles ecpial with the membranous cam])anulate calyx, which has 5 glands at the base ; petals recurv- ed at the apex ; tube of stamens much longer than the calvx. H . !>. Native of Guiana, Trinidad, and Brazil, in places saturated with sea water. Pachira aquiitica, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 725. t. 291 and 292. Cav. diss. a. p. 170. t. 72. f. 1. Lam. ill. t. 589. Flowers large and very shewy. Petals yel- low at the top, and greenish at the base. Filaments red. Anthers FIG. 80. purple. Perhaps Pachira niiida of II. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 302 ? The fruit is eaten, but very flatident when taken raw in any quantity (f. 8C.). J'liiicclij Carolinea. Fl. Sep. Clt. 1787. Shrub 10 feet. 2 C. AFFiNis (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 85.) peduncles 3-times longer than the cylindrical, coriaceous, thick calyx, which has 5 glands at the base ; petals erect ; tube of stamens much longer than the calyx ; anthers linear, fixed above the base ; style to- mentose at the base. Jj . S. Native of Para on the margins of canals and banks of rivers. Leaves not known. Flowers brownish-green on the outside, but whitish within. Allied Carolinea. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 3 C. FASTLo'sA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mcx. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 478.) leaflets 5, obovate, obtuse; c.ilyx truncate, quite entire ; petals turned back on the calyx. h . S. Native of New Spain in moderately warm places. Xiloxochitl flore capill^ceo, Hern. mex. 08. icon. Flowers blood-coloured. Stamens monadelphous, not polyadelphous as in the figure. Leaflets emarginate at the apex, sometimes purplish. Disdainful Carolinea. Shrub 12 feet. 4 C. iNsi'cNis (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1202.) leaflets 5-7, obovate-oblong ; calyx sinuated, smooth ; petals erect, spreading at the top ; anthers oblong, incumbent ; ovary tomentose. ^ . S. Native of Martinique, Tobago, and other West India islands ; also on the main land of South America, especially in Guiana, Cayenne, Brazil, and Vera Cruz. Lodd. bot. cab. 1004. Bom- bax grandiflorum, Cav. diss. 5. p. 295. t. 154. Flowers long, of a pale-red colour, downy without and smooth within. An- thers white. Style red. .S'AcHy-flowered Carolinea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1 796. Tree GO feet. 5 C. areka'ria: leaves? flowers 4 inches long; tube of stamens near an inch and a half, smooth ; anthers trochleately- arcuate or spiral. T; . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Novas. Pachira arenaria, St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 2C1. Calyx long, cup-shaped, truncately 5-tootlied, smooth, with a whorl of glands at the base. Petals narrow, ligulate, velvety- tomentose on both sides, brownish-green without, and white within. Filaments twin, smooth, red ; anthers adhering by their middle, as in C. iiiargiiitila. Sand Carolinea. Fl. May. Shrub 7 to 8 feet. G C. TOMENTosA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 85. t. 5G.) leaflets 8-9, obovate, obtuse, coriaceous, tomentosely hairy ; peduncles to- mentose, e(iual in length to the coriaceous, urceolate calyx, which has many glands at the base ; petals erect ; tube of stamens length of calyx ; anthers oblong ; style smooth. '; . S. Native of Brazil in the jirovince of Minas Geraes. A small tree, with axillary, terminal, solitary flowers. Petals reflexed at the apex, covered with brownish tomentum on the outside, lint white within. Filaments 5, forked or simple ; anthers rose-coloured. Tomentose Carolinea. Fl. Feb. Tree 10 to 15 feet. 7 C. LONCiFLORA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 86.) ])cduncles twice the length of the campauulate, coriaceous calyx ; petals spread- ingly reflexed ; tube of stamens .3-limes longer than the calyx ; anthers kidney-shaped, fixed by the middle ; style smooth. I; . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes at the height of IGOO feet above the level of the sea. Flowers of a greenish-olive colour on the outside, but white within, wholly tomentose. Long-Jlon-ercd Carolinea. Shrub 10 to 15 feet. 8 C. .macra'ntiia ; leaves? flowers a foot and a half long; tube of stamens 2 inches, smooth ; anthers circinnately-troch- icate. fj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes about Retiro. Pachira macrantha, St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 261. Calyx long, cup-shaped, truncately entire. Petals long, narrow, ligulate, velvety-tomentose on the outside, or greenish-brown. BOMBACE/E. IX. Carolinea. X. Bombax. 511 smooth and reddish within on the lower part, but silky and whitish on the upper part. Filaments in pairs. This species conies near C. insignis. Large-flowered Carolinea. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 9 C. MINOR (Sims, hot. inag. t. 1112.) leaflets 7, clliptical- oblonir, acute at both ends ; calyx truncate ; petals erect. 1; . S. Native of Mexico and Guiana. C. ponipalis, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Bombax Carolinioides, Donn, cant. 156. Petals green. Filaments red. Anthers yellow. Pedicels longer than the calyx, but in the figure of the fl. mex. much shorter than that in the hot. mag. Smaller Carolinea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1798. Shrub 10 ft. 10 C. cami'e'stris (Mart. fl. bras. l.p. 80.) leaflets S-5, ob- ovate-oblong, bluntish, smooth on both surfaces ; peduncles equal in length to the calyx, with many glands at the base ; tube of stamens shorter than the calyx ; anthers erect, kidney-shaped ; style smooth. \ . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, in woods between Tapanhoacanga and Villa do Prin- cipe. Corolla reddish or olive-green outside, but greenish-white witliin. Calyx surrounded by a whorl of glands at the base. Field Carolinea. Fl. May. Shrub G to 10 feet. lie. margin.\'ta ; leaflets 7, inarticulated, obovate-lanceo- late, obtusely acuminated, marginated, reticulately veined be- neath and tomentose ; flowers nearly a foot and a half; tube of stamens an inch and a half, woolly ; anthers oblong, kidney- shaped. T^ . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, where it is called Fauiera do Campo by the inhabitants. Pachira marginata, St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 6. t. 51. Peduncles terminal luider the leaf-bud, 1-flowered. Calyx cup-shaped, trun- cately entire, with many glands at the base. Petals clothed with brownish down on the outside, and with white wool on the inside. Filaments red, simple, or forked, in 5 bundles. Seeds covered with silky wool. Marginate-leaved Carolinea. Fl. March, Shrub 8 feet. 12 C. a'lba (Lodd. bot. cab. t. 752.) fj . S. Native of Brazil. A magnificent tree, with digitate leaves and strong-scented white flowers at the tops of the branches. Calyx flowing with honey. Filaments innumerable, 2-ibrked, joined into a tube at the base. ;F/i(. p. 209.) triuik unarmed ; leaves palmate, with 5 rounded, elliptical, quite entire, smooth leaflets, which are retuse at the apex ; calyx entire. Jj . S. Native of South America. Petals rose-coloured on the inside, but covered with rusty tomcntum on the outside. Filaments red, length of petals. yi//(/)/icn/-leaflctted Silk-cotton Tree. Tree 60 feet. 9 B. PAiiviFLoituM (Mart. 11. bras. 1. p. 91. t. 57.) trunk imarined ; leaflets 3-5, obovate-lanceolate, obtuse or emarginate, coriaceous, smooth ; peduncles and calyxes smooth ; petals to- mentose, 3-times longer than the calyx ; ovary smooth. Ij . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes at the river St. Francisco. Flowers silky-villous, 3 or t in a fascicle, rarely solitary. Anthers kidney-shaped. Small-Jloncrcd Silk-cotton Tree. Fl. June, July. Tree 25 feet. 10 B. pi'nE'scENs (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 91. t. 58.) trunk unarmed ; lower leaves quinate, upper ones ternate ; leaflets obovate, elliptical, emarginate, coriaceous, smooth, or covered with black dots of stellate pili beneath ; pedicels inflated and hollow under the flower, and are as well as calyxes, covered with black dots of stellate tomcntum ; petals tomentosc, 3-times longer than the calyx; ovary smooth. I;. S. Native of Brazil in the province of .Minas Geraes, where the tree is caWeA Emhirussu, from the bark being very tough, which is made into ropes. Flowers white from silky tomcntum. Pubescent Silk-cotton Tree. Tree 25 to 30 feet. 11 B. coKiA'cr.u.M (Mart, fl.bras. 1. p. Q3.) unarmed ; leaflets 3, oblong, acutisli, entire, coriaceous, smooth, marginated ; fruit scabrous, i)ear-shaped. I; . S. Native of Brazil on mount Arara-coara on the confines of Peru. Con'aceouj-leaved Silk-cotton Tree. Tree 30 feet. 12 B. KETU SUM (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 92. t. 59.) trunk im- armed ; leaflets 3-1- or 5, obovate, retuse, smooth ; peduncles and calyxes smooth ; petals 6-times longer than the calyx, finely tomenlose ; ovary tomentosc. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes on hills. Peduncles axillary or terminal, solitary, or twin. Corolla white from tomcntum. Anthers oblong. yfc/H.vt-leaved Silk-cotton Tree. Fl. July. Tree 20 to 25 fl. 13 B. MLNti'uA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 93. t. 99.) trunk un- armed ; leaflets 8, oblong, acmninated, quite entire, smooth ; calyx cup-shaped ; jietals coriaceous, reflexed ; stamens muner- ous, bifid at ihe top. H . S. Native of Brazil in the province of the river Niger, where it is called by the inhabitants Muueulm. It is also to be found on the banks of the river Amazon. Petals clothed on the outside with olive villi, but white inside. Flowers 2 or 3 together at the tops of the branches. Miiiicuba Silk-cotton Tree. Fl. March, April. Tree 80 to 100 feet. 14 B. Di'scoLOR (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) trunk imarmed ; leaves palmate, with 5 oblong, acuminated, crenulate leaflets, hairy and green above, hoary from tomentum beneath. '; . S. Native of South America in warm places near St. Felipe in the province of Jaen de Bracamoros. Flowers white, about the size ol' tluisc of a citron. y'n'o-co/ou;c(/-leaved Silk-cotton Tree. Tree 30 feet. ■f^ Species not sufficiently known. 15 B. ? viLLoscM (Mill. diet. no. 3.) leaves 5-angled, villous ; stem jointed, 't • S- Native of New .Spain. Flowers imknown. The down enclosed in the pod is of a fine purple colour, and the inhabitants of New S])ain spin it and work it into garments, which they wear without dyeing. niloiis .Silk-cotton 'J'ree. Tree? 16 B. Cimane'nse (II. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amcr. 5. p. 300.) unarmed ; leaves palmate, with 7 st.nlked, lanceolate, acuminate, tpiite entire, smooth leaflets, which are paler beneath. Ij . .S. Native of South America near Cumana. Perhaps dif- ferent from B. septenatiim. Cumana Silk-cotton Tree. Tree 50 feet. 17 B. Mo.mpoxe'nse (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) trunk prickly ; leaves palmate, with 7 and 9 almost sessile, obovate-lanceolate, acuminated, membranaceous, smooth leaflets, wiiich are remotely toothletted towards the apex, f^ • ^- Native of South America on the banks of the river Magdalena near Mompox. Flowers and fruit unknown. Mompox Silk-cotton Tree. Tree 40 feet. 18 B. Okinoce'nse (H. B. et Kunth, I. c.) triuik imarmed; leaves palmate, with 5 and 6 oblong, acuminated, quite entire, meiubranaceous, smooth leaflets. >; . S. Native on the banks of the river Orinoco. Flowers unknown. Orin' CO Silk-cotton 'J'ree. Tree 60 feet. Cult. The species of Bomhax grow best in rich loamy soil. Cuttings should not be too ripe, and if they are taken off at a joint they will root freely in sand muler a hand-glass, in .1 moist heat ; but plants raised from seeds brought from the places of their natural growth make finer trees. None of the species have ever flowered in our stoves, and it is not likely they ever will, as the mo.st of them acquire a height of 50 or 60 feet before they attempt to flower in their native countries. XI. ERIODE'NDRON (from epiot\erion, wool, and cti-c^oy, dcndron, a tree ; alluding to the capsule being filled with a fine silky woolly substance). D. C. prod. 1. p. 479. — Ceiba, Plum, gen. 42. t 32. Ga^rt. fruct. 2. p. 244. t. 133. Lin. svst. Afonailvlphia, I'olijdndna. Cidyx naked, irre- gularly 5-lobed ; lobes tisually twin. Petals 5, joined together as well as being connected with the column of the stamens at the base. Filaments joined together into a short tube at the base, but divided into 5 bundles at the ajiex ; which are filiform and bearing each 1, 2, or S linear or anfractuous anthers at the apex, which have the appearance of one anther, they are either adnate or versatile. Style crowned by a 5-C-cleft stigma. The rest of the character as in Bomhax. Large trees with s))ongy wood, which is of little use except for making canoes, as the larger species of Ih'imhux. The leaves are palmate. 'ihe flowers are large, red, white, scarlet, rising singly or in clusters from the sides or tops of the branches. 1 E. i,i:iANTiiE'itUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 479.) anthers reti- culated ; leaflets 5-7, ovate, cuspidate, quite entire. I7 . S. Native of Brazil near Kio Janeiro. Bombax erianthus, Cav. diss. 5. p. 294. t. 152. f. 1. Trunk and- branches ])rickly. Flowers subterminal and lateral at the tops of the branches. Corolla large, white, woolly on the outside. Anthers adnate, the whole length of the filaments. Smooth-aiitlicnd Wool-tree. Clt. 1818. Tree 70 feet. 2 E. ANFitACTi'osuM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 479.) anthers versa- tile, anfractuous ; leaflets 5-7-8, entire, or serrulated above, lanceolate, cuspidate, glaucous beneath ; trunk usually prickly. Ij . S. Bondj.ix pentandnmi, Lin. spec. 959. Cav. diss. 5. p. 293. 1. 151. Bombax orientale, .Spreng. syst. 3. p. 124. Trunk prickly or rarely imarmed. Corolla smaller than that of B. occi- BOMBACE/E. XI. Eriodenduon. XII. Ciiorisia. XIII. Durio. 51:5 dcntidc, clothed with silky wool on tlie otitside rind yellowish on the inside. lar. a, Indicnm (D. C. prod. 1. p. 479.) flowers in fascicles from a sliort peduncle ; yellowish on the inside, white on the outside. H.S. Native of the East Indies. — Rheed. nial. 3. t. 40. and 51. — Uumph. amb. 1. t. 80. Var. /3, Africnnum (Brown, cong. p. 10.) flowers large, crimson, fascicled. Ij . S. Native of Guinea. This is the largest and tallest tree in Guinea, the trunk of which is made into very large canoes. //'(Hf///)^-anthered Wool-tree. Clt. 17^9. Tree 150 feet. 3 E. occidenta'le ; anthers anfractuous, versatile; leaflets 7, serrulated, smooth and green on both surfaces; flowers fas- cicled, pcntandrous, woolly outside, and rose-coloured on tlie inside ; trunk prickly. T; . S. Native of the Caribbee islands and South America. Bombax pentandrum, Jacq. amer. 191. t. 176. f. 70. B. occidentale, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 124. Eriod. aufractuosum /3, Caribce'um, D. C. prod. 1. p. 479. The flowers are said to be in short compound racemes by Jacquin. Western Wool-tree. Clt. 1739. Tree 30 to GO feet. 4 E. Samauma (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 89. t. 98.) anthers anfractuous, versatile ; leaflets 5-7, oblong, quite entire, acumi- nated ; trunk prtckly ; petals obovately-spatulate, covered with fulvous down on tlie outside. I7 . S. Native of Brazil near the river Japura, Bombax Samauma, Spreng. Flowers on the tops of the branches, solitary, lateral, or subterminal, cream- coloured. The wool contained in the fruit is called Samauma in Brazil, with which the natives stuff' pillows and bolsters. Samauma Wool-tree. Tree 80 to 100 feet. 5 E. .EscuLiroLiuM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 479.) anthers an- fractuous ; leaflets 7-8, sharply seriated ; trunk unarmed. Tj • S. Native of New Spain by the sea-shore near Campeche. Bom- bax axillare, Moc. et Sesse. fl. mex. icon. ined. Bom- bax ajsciilifolium, H. B. et Kunth. Leaflets lanceolate- oblong, acuminated and mucronate, smooth. Petals rose- coloured, hairy on the outside, equal in length with the stamens. Flowers, according to the figure in the fl. mex., axillary, and usually solitary, on very short thick pedicels. Flowers pentan- drous, covered with rusty tomentum on the outside and rose- coloured and smooth within. (Kunth.) Horse-chesnut-leaved Wool-tree. Tree 60 feet. 6 E. jASMiNODORUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 265. t. 52.) anthers anfractuous ; style jointed ; leaflets 3, ovate, acute, apiculated, with entire undulated margins ; petals reflexed, piibcrulous ; tube of stamens thickened at the top and entire ; filaments 1-anthered ; petals reflexed, puberulous. fj . S. Na- tive of Brazil in the province of Minas Novas. Trunk un- armed. Peduncles solitary, axillary, and on the naked branches. Flowers smelling of jasmine. Petals white, obovate. Jasmine-scented Wool- tree. Fl. May. Tree. Ctdt. These trees thrive best in a rich loamy soil, and cut- tings, not too ripe, taken off at a joint, not deprived of their leaves, will root freely if planted in sand under a hand-glass, placed in a moist heat ; but plants raised from seeds make better trees. The trees grow to a large size before they flower in their native countries, it is therefore not likely they can ever be brought to flower in the stoves of this country. XII. CHORI SIA (in honour of J. L. Choris, an eminent artist who went round the world with Kotzebue, at the expense of Count RomanzoflT, see Romanzhvia). Kunth. diss. malv. p. 0. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 295. D. C. prod. 1. p. 480. Lin. syst. Moiiadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx campanulate, 2-5-lobed, with 3 permanent bracteas at the base. Petals 5, elongated. Staminiferous tube double, inner one slender, terete, VOL. I. VA.V.T. VI. bearing on the outside at the apex 5 2-anthered lobes, adnate to the base of the outer one, which is short and of 5 bifid sterile lobes. Ovary sessile, ovate, 5-celled ? Style 1, filiform, ex- ceeding in length the stamens, crowned by a 5-Iobed capitate stigma. Capsule 5-valved, 1-ceIlcd? many-seeded. Seeds envelojied in wool. Prickly trees with digitate leaves and large flowers, which are solitary, twin, or tern, in the axils of the upper leaves, with 2 or 3 bracteas under each. Petals villous. Wood soft, spongy. 1 C. iNsiGNis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 297. t. 485. f. 1.) petals oblong-spatiilate, emarginate at the apex, with flat margins. Tj . S. Native on the banks of the river Amazon. Trunk ventricose. Leaflets 5, obovate-oblong, acu- minate, smooth, glaucous beneath, obsoletely and undulately-cre- nnted towards the top. Flowers white. Remarkable Chorisia. Tree 50 feet. 2 C. si'EciosA (St. Hil. pi. usu. bras. no. 63. fl. bras. 1. p. 267.) petals ovately-spatulate, emarginate at the apex, with rather undulated margins ; leaflets 5-7, lanceolate, acuminated, entire at the base, but the rest acutely serrated. Tj . S. Na- tive of the provinces of Rio Janeiro and Minas Geraes, where it is called by the inhabitants Arvore de Paina. Petals white on the outside from down, but reddish and smooth within. The wool which accompanies the seeds is used to stuff bolsters and pillows in Brazil. Shewy Chorisia. Fl. March. Tree 40 feet. 3 C. VENTRicosA (Necs. et Mart. act. bon. xi. p. 101. t. 9.) petals lanceolate-linear, acute, waved, pubescent outside ; leaflets 5-7, ovate, acuminated ; calyx 2-lobed. 1^ . S. Native of Brazil on the banks of Rio das Contas and Rio Itiquirica. Trunk bulged in the middle, covered with spine-like processes. Flowers white. Bombax ventricosa, Arrud. in Kost. trav. p. 489. Neuw. bras. reis. 2. p. 247. Fen^riciwe-stemmed Chorisia. Tree 20 feet. 4 C. cRispiFLORA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. t. 485. f. 2.) petals linear, blunt, with undulately-curled margins; leaflets 5-7, lanceolate, acuminated, acutely serrated, reticulately nerved. T;; . S. Native of Brazil in woods near Rio Janeiro. Flowers white on the outside from down, but smooth and reddish within. Curled-Jlo7iion to the wool in the pods being yellow, as well as to the colour of ilie flowers). Swartz, act. holm. 1798. p. 118. t. 6. D. C. prod. 1. p. 480. Li.s. SYST. Monadtlpliia, PLiitiiiidi'ui. Calyx tubular at the base, somewhat funnel-shaped, hardly 5-cleft, with 3 rounded flat lobes and 2 acutish ones. Petals .5, larger than the calyx. Anthers anfractuous. Stigmas 5. Capsules 5-celled, clothed on the inside with silky brownish wool. Seeds numerous, ob- long. Trees witli soft spongy wood, and long leaves, and soli- larv, terminal, 1 -flowered peduncles. i O. LAGO rus (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 114I-. t. 23.) leaves cordate, j-7-angled, rather lobed, toothlettcd, downy beneath, with rusty nerves, fj . S. Native of Jamaica, Hispaniola, I'orto- Rico and the hotter parts of Mexico on the mountains. Bombax ))yramid;ile, Cav. diss. 5. p. 29-1-. l. \J5. Flowers large, erect, pale-brown or yellowish. Capsule more than a foot long. The wood of this tree is white, tender, and so light, that it is used instead of corks to fishing nets. The capsules contain a very fine, soft, rufous down, in wliich the seeds are involved, and which down is said to lie used in the manufacture of English beavers. Hurcs-Joot Ochroma. CIt. 1802. Tree 40 feet. 2 O. TOMENTiJsA (Willd. cuum. 693.) leaves cordate, some- what 3-lobed, repand, rather tomentose beneath. Tj. S. Native of South America. T'omen/ow-leavcd Ochroma. Clt. 1816. Tree 20 feet. Cult. These trees grow freely in a mixtuie of loam and peat, and cuttings will root freely under a hand-glass, in heat. XV. CHEIROSTE-MON (from x"p. chcir, the hand, and trrijuoy, sicmon, a stamen ; the stamens are 5 in number, the filaments are united at the base, and are recurved at their top, which gives them the appearance of a hand). II. B. pi. ;equin. 1. t. 4t. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 302. D. C. prod. 1. p. 480. Chi- rantliodendron, Larr. diss, witli a figure. Lin. syst. Afouadclpliia, Dccdndria. Calyx somewhat cam- panulate, 5-parted, furnished with 3 bracteas on the outside at the base ; sepals deciduous, thick, coloured on the inside, foveolate at the base, 5 inches long in the bud. Petals none. Stamens ? Fdaments connate into a tube which is 5-cleft at the top, with the lobes leaning to one side, exserted at the apex, mucronate, bearing on the back of each lobe two linear anthers which open lengthwise. Style 1. Stigma acute. Capsule oblong, 5-angled, 5-celled, 5-valved, with a villous dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds l.)-18 in each cell, egg- shaped, corunculate. Albumen fleshy. Embryo slender. Co- tyledons flat. A tall tree 15 feet in diameter, with 5 or 6 lobed, palmate-nerved leaves, and solitary hoary-tomentose flowers on the branches nearly opposite the leaves, bi-bracteolate at the base. 1 C. PLATAKofDES (H. B. 1. c). ^. S. Natlvc of New Spain near Toluco. Tiles, act. Petrop. 5. p. 321. t. 9. Fisch. p. 581.— Hern. mex. 383. f. 1. and 459. f. 2. /VnHC-/;Af Cheirostemon. Clt. 1820. Tree 100 feet. Cull. This fine tree succeeds well in a mixture of turfy loam and peat, or any rich light soil ; and half-ripened cuttings, planted in jiots of mould, witliout shortening their leaves, placed under a hand-glass in heat, will soon strike root. Order XXXII. STERCULIA'CEiE (plants agreeing with Stcrciilia in important characters). Vent. R. Brown, cong. Kunth, diss, nialv. p. 6. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 309. — Byttne- riacoB, Tribe 1. Sterciileae, D. C. prod. 1. p. 1. p. 481. Flowers unisexual from abortion. Calyx naked, 4-5 -lobed, deciduous, constantly valvate in ajstivation. Petals wanting. Stamens 4-5-20, monadelphous around the rudiment of the pistil, always quinary or quaternary in number. Antliers bilocular. Styles equal in number to the cells of the ovary, joined into one, crowned by as many stigmas or lobes. Car- pels 4-5, distinct, sometimes fewer from abortion, usually pedicellate, each crowned by a style, 1, or many-seeded, dehiscent above or indehiscent. Albumen fleshy or want- ing. Embryo erect, in the seeds with albumen the coty- ledons are flat and leafy, in those without albumen they are very thick and unequ.il, with an ovate, short radicle, pointing towards the hilum. This order is distinguished from Mahinca and Bumhaccce in the anthers being 2-celled, not 1 -celled, from Bylliicriiicece in the carpels being distinct and stellately disposed, not joined together into 1 fruit. It is distinguished from Tilioccie in the filaments being monadelphous at the base, not free. The order is composed of large umbrageous tropical trees, with sim- ple or compound leaves, and axillary panicles or racemes of small, white, greenish, or brownish flowers. The seeds of many of the StcrcuUas are eatable, especially those of the famous Kola or Cola of Africa, which possess the property, being chewed, of rendering bad water pleasant to the palate. The seeds of the Cliica, another noble species of the same genus, are highly esteemed in Brazil for the dessert. The seeds retain their vege- tative properties a considerable length of time, therefore they are easily introduced in a living state from their places of natural growth, but the most secure mode would be to plant tlicm in a box of mould, and either send them oft' directly, or allow tliem to vegetate before they are shipped. 1 STERCULIACE^E. I. Sterculia. 515 Synopsis of the Genera. 1 Steucu" lia. Flowers polygamous or monoecious. Stamens monadelphous ; anthers 10-20 in one or two scries, solitary or ternately aggregate. Cai-pels 5, distinct, stipitate, legume- formed, 1 or many-seeded, opening on the upper side. 2 Tri'phaca. Flowers monoecious. Stamens 15, monadel- phous. Style 1. Carpels 3, legume-formed, many-seeded. 3 Reeve^sia. Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens monadel- phous. Anthers 15, sessile on the top of the tube. Capsule stipitate, 5-celled, 5-valved ; cells 2-seeded ; seeds winged at the base. 4 Heretie'ra. Flowers monoecious. Stamens monadelphous ; anthers 10, sessile on the top of the tube. Carpels 5, at length drupaceous, and carinately-winged, indehiscent ; 1-seeded from abortion. I. STERCU'LIA (from Sterculius, a god, derived from sler- cus. The Romans, in the height of Paganism have deified the objects of tlieir greatest dislike, and the most immoral actions. They have the gods Sterculius Crepitus, and the goddesses Caca and Pertunda, &c. The flowers as well as the leaves of some species are fetid.) Lin. gen. no. 1086. D. C. prod. 1. p. 481. Lin. syst. Monoe cm, I\Ionadelph'ia. Calyx 5-lobed, some- what coriaceous. Stamens monadelphous, disposed in a short sessile, or stipitate urceolus. Anthers adnate, 10-15-20 in one or two rows, solitary, or ternately-aggregate. Ovary stipitate or sessile. Carpels follicular, 5, or fewer from abortion, distinct, 1-celled, 1 or many-seeded, opening on the upper side; seeds disposed in 2 series, along the suture of the carpels. .Seeds with fleshy albumen, and flat, leafy, equal cotyledons. Trees with simple or compound leaves and axillary panicles or racemes of flowers. This genus requires to be divided into other genera or sections according to the fructification, but as many of the species are not sufficiently known, tliey are here disposed artifi- cially. § 1. Leaves ovate or oblong, entire, or rarely 3-lobcd. 1 S. Blu'iih ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acuminated, quite entire, smooth ; racemes simple ; calycine segments con- nected at the apex ; carpels ovate. Tj . S. Native of Java. S. lanceolata, Blunie, bijdr. ex. Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 654. Bliime Sterculia. Tree 20 feet. 2 S. lanceola'ta (Cav. diss. 5. p. 287. t. 144. f. 1.) leaves quite entire, smooth ; racemes simple ; calycine segments spreading ; carpels few-seeded. Tj . G. Native of China. Lindl. hot. reg. 1256. Carpels oblong, crimson. Seeds black. Flowers reddish-brown, stellate, in small, axillary panicles. Leaves ovate- lanceolate. This differs from the preceding species in the sepals being spreading, not cohering at the base. Lanceolate Aeaxeii. Sterculia. Tree 20 feet. 3 S. Bala'nghas (Lin. spec. 1438. excl. syn. Rumph.) leaves elliptic-oblong, bluntish, entire, nearly smooth ; flowers panicled ; segments of calyx linear, cohering at the apex ; carpels ovate or obovate, many-seeded. P; . S. Native of jNLalabar and Java. Cavalam, Rheed. mal. 1. t. 49. S. Balanghas, Cav. diss. 5. p. 286.1. 113. Lois. herb. amer. t. 843. — Balanghas dicta, Burm. zeyl. 84. Flowers purplish. According to Rumjihius the seeds are considered as esculent by the inhabitants of Amboyna, who roast them for this purpose, while the capsules are burned for the preparation of the pigment called cassoumba. Balanghas Sterculia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1787. 'I'ree 30 feet. 4 S. No'niLis (Smith, in Rees' cyclop, no. 4.) leaves elliptic- oblong, entire, smooth ; segments of calyx linear, cohering at the apex ; carpels ovate, mucronate, 1-4-seeded. Tj . S. Na- tive of China. S. monosperma. Vent. malm. t. !)1. S. Balanghas, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 5. p. 338. Southwellia nobilis, Sal. par. lond. t. 69. exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers panicled, pale buft'-coloured, with the odour of Vanilla. Seed black. A^oWe Sterculia. Clt. 1787. Tree 20 feet. 5 S. acuminata (Beauv. fl. d'ow. 1. t. 24.) leaves oblong- acuminated, quite entire, smooth, on long stalks ; flowers in axil- lary panicles; anthers in two rows, sessile ; carpels 1 -2-seeded. h . S. Native of the tropical parts of Africa, particularly on the western coast. Flowers white, with spreading segments. Carpels usually 2, opposite from abortion. There are two varieties of the Cola, one with white, the other with reddish seeds. The seeds are about the size of horse-chesnuts. The seeds of this species are known throughout tropical Africa by the name of Cola or Kola. They have long been celebrated by voyagers as possessing a high degree of value among the natives of Guinea, who take a portion of one of them before each of their meals, for they believe them to en- hance the flavour of any thing they may subsequently eat or drink. The seeds formerly were said to be held in such high estimation among the natives of Guinea, that 50 of them were sufficient to purchase a wife, but at present 20 or 30 seeds can be purchased for a handful of cowries, while 2 or 3 tons of cowries would not purchase a perfect female at the present day. We have eaten the seeds, they have a very bitter taste ; they are about the size of a pigeon's egg, of a brownish colour ; they are supposed to possess the same properties as Peruvian-bark. AcuminatcdAe?i\ei!i Sterculia or Cola. Clt. 1795. Tr. 40 ft. 6 S. macroca'rpa ; leaves oblong, acuminate, entire, smooth, on long stalks ; flowers axillary, panicled ; anthers in two rows, sessile? carpels 4-6- seeded. Tj . S. Native of Guinea. Flowers white. Pods generally 2 from abortion, opposite. The seeds of this tree are also known under the name of Cola in Guinea ; they possess the same qualities as those of Sterculia acuminata. Long-fruited Cola. Tree 40 feet. 7 S. longifolia (Vent. malm. no. 91. in adn.) leaves ovate- oblong, smooth, quite entire ; flowers panicled, terminal ; seg- ments of calyx erect, hairy on the inside. \ . S. Native of the East Lidies. Flowers white from down. Fruit unknown. Long-leaved Sterculia. Tree 20 feet. 8 S. rubiginosa (Vent. malm. no. 91. adn.) leaves oblong, acuminated, smooth above, but clothed with rusty tomentum be- neath ; racemes simple, tomentose ; segments of calyx conniving at the apex ; carpels acuminate, many-seeded, wrinkled, and naked on the inside. T; . S. Native of Java. Tiiis tree, according to Smith, is the same as . 287.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, bluntly acinuinated, glabrous ; racemes axil- lary and lateral, drooping ; segments of the calyx linear, spread- ing ; follicles scarlet. ^i . S. Native of Pido-Pinang. S. coccinea, Jack, mal. misc. vol. 1. pt. 1. Hook, hot. misc. pt. 3. p. 287. but not of Hoxb. from which it diflers in the follicles only containing 2-3 seeds, and in the flowers being racemose, not panicled. The seeds are covered with black pulpy aril. iS'/noo;/i<-(/ Sterculia. Shrub 10 feet. 10 S. suBPEi.TA ta (Bliime, ex. Schlecht. Linna^a. 1. p. C5t ) leaves on long petioles, somewhat ])eltate, oval-oblong, acumin- ated, quite entire, covered w ith cobwebbed tonieiituni Ijcneath ; racemes simple ; carpels stalked, oblong, tajx'ring to both ends. (^ . S. Native of Java. Young leaves cordate. Suhj)iltalc-\« Stcrcidia. Clt. 1793. Tree 60 feet. 24 S. imbe'rbis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 483.) leaves ovate, sinooth, very blunt and cord.ite at the base, entire, acuminate ; carpels naked at the base, ])edicellate. Ij . S, Native of Cayenne. S. Ivira, Rich, in Pers. encli.no. 10. /?cor(//c,v.s.carpelled .Sterculia. Tree SO feet. 25 S. DivEusiFOLiA (G. Dou, iu Loud. hort. brit. p. 392.) leaves coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, entire or 3- lobed ; lobes acuminate, smooth. 1; . G. Native of New Hol- land. The rest not seen. S. heterophylla, Cung. mss. i»!eerfc-/cat)crf Sterculia. Clt. 1824. Tree 20 feet? § 2. Leaves cordate, entire, or somcnhat 3-lobcd. 20 S. ala'ta (Roxb. cor. 3. p. 83. t. 287.) leaves very broad, ovate, acuminated, quite entire, smooth on both surfaces, cordate at the base, with a spreading recess, on long petioles ; racemes axillary, solitary, shorter than the petioles ; sepals long, lanceo- late, acinuinated, rusty on the outside as well as the ])eduncles. ^l . S. Native of Silliet, where the natives eat the seeds as a substitute for opium. Leaves 5-7-nerved at the base. Flowers reddish ; sepals reflexed. If'inged Seven-Seeded Sterculia. Tree 30 feet. 27 S. mackoi'Uv'lla (Vent. malm. no. 91. adn.) leaves cor- date, roundish, entire, thick, tomentose beneath ; carpels ovate, very smooth on the inside, 2-seeded. 1^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Panicles terminal. Large-leaved Sterculia. Tree 30 feet. 28 S. cohda'ta (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. LinntEa. 1. p. 651.) leaves subcordate, oval, acuminated, (piite entire, tomentose beneath; panicle nodding; flowers monoecious ; calyx 5-cleft; ovaries joined. Ij . S. Native of Java. Cori/n/e-leaved .Sterculia. Tree 30 feet. 29 S. CAxno'ti.ti (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 4.) leaves round- ish, cordate, obtuse, entire, sniooih, ratlier membranaceous; ear- pels ovate, quite smooth both on the inside and outside, 3-sceded. •j . S. Native of the island of Timor. S. jiopulifolia, I). C. prod. 1. p. 483. but not of Roxb. Flowers unknown. I)e CandoUc's Sterculia. Tree 23 feet. 30 S. i'orLi.iri)i.iA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. .'>0. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 3. t. 3.) leaves roundish-cordate, entire, membrana- ceous, acuminated, smooth ; racemes axillary, branched, stalked ; segments of the calyx linear, obtuse, revolute ; follicles ovate, ventricose, terminated by a eultriform, very blunt wing, on long STERCULIACE^ I. Stekcui-ia. 517 stipes, smooth without, but villous within. fj . S. Native of the Coromandcl coast. S. populifolia var. acutiiiscula, D. C. prod. 1. p. iS3. Flowers downy, scarlet inside, but yellowish on the outside. Seeds grey. Poplar-leaved Sterculia. Fl. April. Tree 20 feet. 31 S. Cm'cA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 278.) leaves .')-lobed, cordate, smooth above, but tomentose beneath ; petioles smooth ; panicle subterminal, broad, tomentose, rusty ; genitals stipitate ; ovary very villous ; cells 8-ovulate. Ij . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Goyaz, where it is called Chlca l)y the inha- bitants, who eat the seeds, which have a very agreeable taste ; they are about the size of a pigeon's egg. Cambess. in St. Hil. pi. usu. bras. no. 46. Calyx spreading, yellowish on the out- side, and brownish within. Chka Sterculia. Fl. June. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 32 S. coRDiFOLiA (Cav. diss. 5. p. 144. f. 2.) leaves sub- cordate, somewhat acuminate, smooth, sometimes bluntly 3- lobed ; carpels acuminated, downy, bristly on the inside, many- seeded. Ij . S. Native of Senegal. Heart-leaved Sterculia. Tree 20 feet. 33 S. TOMENTOSA (Thuub. jap. icon. p. 38. but not fl. jap.) leaves cordate, 3-lobed, pubescent beneath ; panicle very long, branched ; sepals reflexed. fj . G. Native of Japan. Tomentose Sterculia. Tree 20 feet. 34 S. tri'loba ; leaves large, cordate, with a spreading recess, smooth on both surfaces, 7-nerved, and with 3-acuminated lobes. \^ . S. Native of the East Indies, (v. s. herb. Lamb.) Three-lobed-]ea\e(\ Sterculia. Tree 20 feet. § 3. Leaves cordate, 5-lobed. 3.5 S. PLATANIFOLTA (Lin. fil. suppl. 423.) leaves palmately 3-5-lobed, smooth on both surfaces ; panicle branched, axillary ; calyxes rotate, reflexed. Tj . H. Native of Japan and China. Cav. diss. 5. t. 145. Hibiscus simplex, Lin. spec. 977. Fir- miana. Mars. act. pat. 1. t. 1, 2. Culhamia, Forsk. descr. 96. syn. dub. ex Salisb. Flowers green. Carpels membranous. A beautiful tree, with leaves like those of the Sycamore. Plane-tree-leaved StercuWa.. Fl. July. Clt. 17o7. Tree. 36 S. coLORATA (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 26. t. 25.) leaves smooth, palmately .5-lol)ed ; lobes acuminate; calyxes cylindrical-elavate ; carpels oblong, smooth, membranaceous, on long stalks. Ij . S. Native of the East Lidies on the mountains. Calyxes and car- pels reddish-scarlet. Flowers racemose. Seeds yellow. Coloured-calyxed Sterculia. Fl. April. Clt. 1818. Tree 40 feet. 37 S. u'rens (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 26. t. 24.) leaves pubescent, 7-8-nerved at the base, and cordate with the lobes overlapping each other, 5-lobed at the apex ; lobes acuminate ; calyxes campa- nulate; carpels ovate, hispid. P; . S. Native of the mountains on tlieCoromandel coast. Panicles terminal, every part covered with a glutinous, farinaceous, yellow down. Flowers small, yellow. The wood is soft and spongy. It is used to make Hindoo guitars. The bark is exceedingly astringent, and tinges the saliva reddish. The seeds are roasted and eaten by the natives ; they taste very like parched peas. The capsules are covered on the outside with yellow down, and many stiff", stinging hairs. Stinging StercuWa. Clt. 1793. Tree 40 feet. 38 S. viLLosA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 50.) leaves 5-7-lobed, acute, villous beneath ; lobes 3-lobed; calyxes 5-parted, spread- ing ; carpels coriaceous, scabrous from stellate hairs. fj . S. Native of Coromandel. Smith in Rees' cycl. no. 16. Racemes panicled. /7//o((s Sterculia. Clt. 1805. Tree 30 feet. 39 S. pelta'ta ; leaves on long footstalks, peltate, 5-lobcd, middle and lower lobes acuminated, the 2 intermediate ones ob- tuse, with wide, roimded recesses, smooth above, and pubescent beneath; petioles and young branches white from tomentuui. fj . G. Native of China, (v. s. herb. Lamb.) /V/<«/e-leaved Sterculia. Tree 20 feet. 40 S. iiEi.i'cTEREs (Pers. ench. 2. p. 240.) leaves half 5- lobed, somewhat villous beneath ; lobes ovate-roundish, acute ; calyxes campanulate, with spreading segments, velvety on the outside. ^2 . S. Native of Carthagena in woods. Helicteres apetala, Jacq. amer. 238. t. 181. f. 79. Stamens 14-15. Car- pels divaricating. Flowers dirty-yellow, with purple spots. Jlelicteris-Yike Sterculia. Clt. 1 820. Tree 40 feet. 41 S. cAiaC;EFOLiA ; leaves palmately 5-lobed, with wide recesses ; lobes spatulately-obovate, acuminated at the apex, beset with brown hairs on the nerves beneath, and petioles. ^2 . S. Native of Sierra Leone, (v. s. herb. Lamb.) C«)"(C(i-leaved Sterculia. Tree 20 feet. 42 S. ACERiFoLiA (Cuuiug. mss. in Loud. hort. brit. p. 392.) leaves palmate, 5-lobed. Ij . S. Native of New Holland. Maple-leaved SteiciiUa. Clt. 1824. Tree 30 feet. 43 S. puncta'ta (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 483.) leaves villous beneath, palmately 5-cleft ; lobes ovate-roundish, acuminate ; branches and petioles dotted ; calyx rotate ; carpels 4-seeded, bristly on the inside. ^ . S. Native of New Spain. Panicle branched. Sepals acutish, villous as well as the peduncles. Uotlcd-hnmchcd Sterculia. Tree 20 feet. 44 S. Abyssi'nica (R. Br. in Salt's trav. app.) leaves 3 or obsoletely 5-lobed, coriaceous, smooth, peltately cordate, with the recess closed ; racemes panicled ; sepals villous, spreading. T;' . S. Native of Abyssinia. Leaves like those of the Ivy. Ahijssiiiian Sterculia. Tree. § 4. Leaves palmate, compound. 45 S. fce'tida (Lin. spec. 1431.) leaves compound, with 7-9- oblong, lanceolate, acuminated leaflets ; flowers panicled. 1^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Cav. diss. 5. t. 141. Sonn. voy. t. 132. Clompanus major, Rumph. amb. 3. t. 107. Anthers 15. Carpels many-seeded. Flowers brownish, tinged with red at the base, of an ungrateful smell, as well as every part of the plant when bruised or cut. The wood is pale, lasting, and does not split ; it is therefore very proper for the turner, and being well varnished makes handsome vases, &c. It has nothing of the ill smell which the flowers have. The leaves, and especially the bark, are aperient, repellent, diuretic, and diaphoretic. The seeds are oily, and if swallowed incautiously they bring on nausea and ver- tigo. This happens probably when eaten raw. /e/;^; Sterculia. Fl. June, July. Ch. 1690. Tree 20 feet. 46 S. VERSi'coLOR (Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 1. p. 48. t. 59.) leaves peltately-digitate ; leaflets 5, oblong, acuminated, tomen- tose beneath ; panicles axillary, branched ; flowers monoecious. fj . S. Native of the East Indies on hills about Segaen, oppo- site the city of Ava. Flowers at first yellow, but changing to deep orange-colour. Peduncles red. Segment of the calyx connivent at the apex, but at length spreading. Pa)<^-co/oiai:ri, phakc, a lentil ; in allusion to the three carpels.) Lour. coch. 577. D.C. prod. 1. p. 483. Lin. syst. lifonoe'cia, Monadclphla. Flowers itionoccious. Calyx 5-clefl. Petals none. Stamens in the male Howcr 15, monadelphous. Style one in the female flower, crowned by a triful stigma. Carpels 3, legume-shaped, inflated, acuminated, tomentose, many-seeded. Seeds 4-5, oblong-ovate. 1 T. Africa"na (Lour. 1. c.) >t . S. Native on the eastern coast of Africa on the Mozambique coast. Leaves on long stalks, cordate, quite entire. Cymes lateral and terminal. Flowers yellow. Perhaps a species of Slcrculia. .■tfrkan Triphaca. 'Free 40 feet. Cult. This tree will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings, not deprived of their leaves, will root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. III. REEVE"SIA (in honour of John Reeves, F. L. S., now resident at Canton, from whose exertions the botany of China has received material assistance, and to whom the British gardens are indebted for many of the fairest ornaments they contain). Lindl. hot. reg. 1236. Lin. syst. Monadelph'ta, Dodecandr'ia. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed, imbricate in aestivation, tomentose. Petals 5, un- guiculate, convolute in aestivation. Stamens joined into a long filiform tube. Anthers 15, sessile, collected into a little head, 2-eelled, bursting lengthwise. Ovary sessile, within the anther- iferous head. Capsule stipitatc, woody, obovatc, 5-angled, 5- celled, 5-valved, without any central axis. Seeds 2 in each cell, winged at the base. — A tree with alternate, cxstipidate, lanceolate, acuminated, smooth, entire leaves, with the petioles jointed at the top, and compound, terminal, or axillary racemes of white flowers. This tree joins the Stircidiacca; with Bijltncri- ncece. It agrees with Sterciilia in the flowers, but with Ptero- spermum in the seeds. 1 R. thyrsoi'dea (Lindl. hot. reg. 1236.) Ij . G. Native of China. 7'/iyr.vc-/(7irf-flowered Reevesia. Fl. Jan. Clt. 1821. Tree 20 feet. Cull. This tree will require to be propagated and cultivated in the same manner as that recommended for the green-house species of Sterciilia. IV. HERETIE'RA (in honour of Charles Louis L. Heretier de Brtitelle, a celebrated French botanist, died in 1800, author of many botanical works,) Dry. in Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 546. D. C. |)rod. 1. p. 484. — Balanopteris, Ga-rt. fruet. 2. p. 94 Samandura, Lin. fl. zeyl. no. 133. LiN. sYST. Atonoccia, Monadilph'ui. Flowers monoecious. Calyx 5-toothed. Stamens in male flowers 5-10, with the fila- ments joined into a tube ; anthers sessile on the top of the tube. Anthers in the female flowers 10, sessile, 2 between each carpel. Carpels 5, 1 -styled, containing icw ovula\ at length drupaceous, coriaceous, with a winged keel, indehisccnt, 1 -seeded from abortion. Albumen none. Embryo very thick, with fleshy uneqvial cotyledons, and an ovate, acuminated, radicle. Plumide 2-leaved. — Trees with simple, alternate, lepidoted, entire leaves, and axillary panicles of small, red flowers. 1 H. LiTTORALis (Ait. liort. kew, 1. c.) leaves oval-oblong, rounded at the base, coriaceous, silvery beneath ; cariH'ls marked lengthwise with a nerve above. ^ . S. Native of the Philip- pine islands, Moluccas, Java, &c. — Rheed. m.il. 6. t. 21 . — Rumph. amb. 3. t. 03. Balanopteris Tothila, G;ert. fruct. 2. t. 99. Leaves large, coriaceous. Flowers small, reddish, *Aorc Looking-glass Plant. Clt. 1788. Tree 20 feet. 2 H. Fo'mas (Willd. spec. 4. p. 971.) leaves reticulately vein- ed beneath. 1^ . S. Native of the East Indies on the banks of rivers in the kingdom of Ava, where it is called Fomas. — Syms. itin. ed. gall. 3. p. 100. t. 28. Leaves silvery beneath. Fomas Looking-glass Plant. Tree 20 feet. 3 H. mi'nok (Lam. diet. 3. p. 229.) carpels with a longitudinal furrow above. 1; . S. Native of the Mauritius, where it is probably cultivated. Balanopteris minor, Gaert. fruct. 2. t. 98. f. 2. Tliis is probably the same as //. Furnas. Smaller Looking-glass Plant. Clt. 1824. Tree 14 feet. Cult. These trees thrive well in sandy loam, or a mixture of loam and peat. Large ripened cuttings root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. Trees with fine large foliage. Seeds do not retain their vegetative powers long. Order XXXIII. BYTTNERIACE.^ (plants agreeing with Byltniria in some important characters.) Brown congo, Kuntb, diss. malv. p. 6. nov. gen, amer. 5. p. 309. — Hermanniaceae, Vent. Calyx sometimes naked (f. 92. a. f. 88. b.), sometimes girded by an involucre (f. 93. 6.). Sepals more or less connected at the base (f. 92. n. f. 93. a. f. 94. a.), constantly valvate in aestivation. Petals 5, liypogynous, alternating with the sepals (f. 93. c), convolute in aestivation, of various forms, rarely un- equal or wanting (f. 90. c). Stamens equal in number to the sepals or petals (f. 9 l.y".), or double triple, or multiple, that num- ber (f. 92. d. f. 93. rf.), filaments monadelphous (f. 92. d. f. 93. e.), or variously divided at the top (f. 92. c. f. 89. A.), some of them are sometimes sterile (f. 92. rf.); anthers 2-celled (f. 92. c), behind. Carpels 5 (f. 88. d. f. 89. g. f. 91. d. f. 92. e. f. 93. h.), joined into one ovary, crowned by as many distinct or connected (f. 92. g. f. 93. g.) styles. Albumen oily or fleshy, rarely wanting. Embryo straight, with an inferior radicle, and leafy, flat, or plaited cotyledons, or they convolute around the plumule, but they are sometimes very thick in the exalbumenous seeds. This order differs from Mahacccc, BomhacciF, Tiliiicae, and Elfocarpctc, with which it agrees in habit, in the valvate aestivation of the calyx, and the convolute aestivation of the corolla : from Mahacca and Bombacccv in the anthers being 2- cellcd, not 1 -celled, as in those orders; from Tiliaccic and Elco- cirpcce in the filaments being monadelphous, and from Stcrcu- liaccce in the carpels being connected into one fruit, not distinct, as in that order. It is composed of trees and shrubs, usually natives within the tropics ; some few arc to be found in the north and south of Africa, and a few in the north of Asia. They are furnished with simple lobed or toothed stipidate leaves, and usually with beautifid flowers, /tstrajuva, and some genera related to it, are amongst the most elegant plants in the world. The flowers of a species of Pcnti'ipelcs, called by the Indians Alachucunlia, give out a mucilaginous refrigerent juice, which is employed in gonorrhoea. Gua^iima ulmifolia has its fruit filled BYTTNERIACE^. 519 with a pleasant mucilage, which is sweet and very agreeable. An extract of the bark of the same plant is used in Martinique to clarify sugar ; its old I)ark is employed in the form of a strong decoction as a sudorific. The Wallherla DuramUnha contains a great deal of mucilage, and is employed by the Brazilians as an antisyphilitic. The seeds of Theobrdma Cacao are the cacao of the shops, and from whence the chocolate is obtained. Seeds of most of the genera are easily introduced in a living state from their native places, but those of Theobroma soon become rancid. Synopsis of tlic Genera. Tribe I. Byttnerie'jE. Petals vsuallij concave, and arched at the base (f 88. 6.), but expanded into a ligula at the ajicx. Stamens 10-30 or more, divided into 5 (f. 89. h.) or 10 bundles. Filaments 5, sterile, ligulate (f. 88. b.), ivith 5 alternate fertile ones, soli- tan/ or ternatebj-pcntadelphous (f. 89. /. /(.), rarely \-anthered ; these are opposite the petals. Ovary 5-celled (f. 88. d.) ; cells usually 2-secded. Seeds sometimes exalbumenous, rvilh thick- cotyledons, sometimes alhumcnous, with leafy, flat, or convo- lute cotyledons. 1 Theobro^ma. Sepals 5 (f. 88. a.). Petals 5 (f. 88. b.), arched at the base. Urceolus of stamens with 5 horns, and between them 5 2-anthered filaments. Style filiform, crowned by a 5-parted stigma. Capside 5-celled, valveless (f. 88. d.). Seeds imbedded in pulp (f. 8S. c). Albumen wanting. Coty- ledons thick, oily, corrugated. 2 Abro'ma. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, with the claws sac- cate at the base. Urceolus of stamens 10-cleft, 5 of which bear 3 anthers each, the other 5 petal-formed. Capsule 5-celled, 5- winged, many-seeded. Seeds arillate. Albumen fleshy. Cotyle- dons leafy, transversely flexuous. 3 GuAzuMA. Sepals 5 or diversely connate, 2-3-parted. Petals 5, 2-horned at the apex. Filaments hardly connate at the base, divided into 5 sterile lobes, and 5 alternate threads, which are trifid at the apex, each division bearing an anther. Styles 5, conniving. Capsule woody, tubercled, valveless, 5-celled, open- ing by 10 holes at the apex, many-seeded. Seeds ovate. Coty- ledons plaited. 4 Glossoste"mon. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, terminating in a filiform acumen. Stamens 25-35, monadelphous at the base, divided into 5 bundles, and 5 sterile strap-formed pro- cesses. Ovary 1, 5-celled ; cells many-seeded. Style 1, crown- ed by 5 stigmas. Capsule covered with bristles. 5 Commerso'nia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, dilated, and sac- cate at the base, tapering gradually into a ligula at the apex. Stamens 10, connate at the base, 5 of which are sterile and petaloid, stellately spreading ; the other 5 are awl-shaped and fertile, bearing 1-2 anthers each. Styles 5. Ovary 5-celled ; cells 3-5, ovulate. Capsule 3-5 valved, echinated with bristles. Albumen fleshy. Inflorescence cymose. (i Byttne'ria. The same as Commersbnia, but the fertile filaments are awl-shaped, bearing 2anthers each, and the petals are drawn out into a ligida on the back, between the lobes of the concave part. Albumen wanting. 7 Aye'kia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals with long claws, arched, broadest at the apex, terminated by pedicellate glands. Ur- ceolus of stamens 10-1 5 -toothed, 5 or 10 of these are sterile, and 5 fertile, 1-anthered. Style crowned by a pentagonal stigma. Carpels 5, 2-valved, conniving into a subglobose, echinated, single fruit. Albumen wanting. 8 ? KleinhoVia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, one of which is longer than the rest, and cleft at the apex. Stamens mona- delphous, divided at the top into 5 bundles opposite the petals, each bundle bearing 3 anthers on the back. Ovary stipitate. Style crowned by a subcrenated stigma. Capsule inflated, turbinate, 5-angled, 5-celled, 5-seeded. Seeds roundish. Coty- ledons spirally twisted around the plumule. Tribe II. Lasiopeta'le.e. Calyx 5-parted, 2^ctaloid (f. 80. b.), per- manent or marcesccnt. Petals minute (f. 90. c), scale-formed, rarely wanting. Filaments awl-shaped, connate at the base, when 5 they are opposite the petals ayid fertile, when 10 the alter- nate ones are sterile. Anthers incumbent, with contiguous lobes. Ovary 3-5-celled; cells 2-8-ovulate. Carpels 5, 2-valvcd, usually closely connected, or sometimes nearly free. Seeds stro- phiolate at the base. Albumen fleshy. Embryo straight. Coty- ledons flat, leafy. 9 Seri'ngia. Calyx marcescent. Petals wanting. Fila- ments 10, alternate ones sterile. Anthers bursting by dorsal chinks. Carpels 5, 2-valved, 2-3-seeded. Strophiola of seeds crenate. Stipulas small, deciduous. 10 Lasiope'talon. Calyx permanent (f. 90. c). Petals 5, gland-formed. Filaments 5, free. Anthers bursting by 2 pores on the inside. Ovary 1, 3-celled ; cells containing 2-ovula2. Capsule 3-valved (f. 90. 6.), with valvular dissepiments, opening at the cells. Strophiola of seeds jagged. Stipulas wanting. 11 Guicheno'tia. Calyx permanent. Petals 5, gland-formed. Filaments 5, free. Anthers opening by lateral chinks. Ovary 5-celled ; cells containing 5-ovulae, densely tomentose on the inside. Stipulas wanting. 12 Thoma'sia. Calyx permanent, veiny. Petals 5, scale- formed or wanting. Filaments for the most part connate at the base, 5 or 10. Anthers bursting by lateral chinks. Ovary 3- celled ; cells containing 2-8-ovulse. Capsule 3-valved, w ith valvular dissepiments, opening at the cells. Strophiola of seed crenate. Stipulas leafy, permanent. 13 Keraudre'nia. Calyx permanent. Petals wanting. Fila- ments 5, fertile, imbricately conniving at the base. Anthers bursting by dorsal clunks. Ovary 3-cclled ; cells containing many-ovulae. Styles 3, partly connected. Capsule echinately- tomentose, 1-celled from abortion, 3-valved. Strophiola of seed entire. Stipulas minute, permanent. Tribe III. Hermannie'.e. Calyx 5-lobcd, j^ermanent, sometimes naked, sometimes involucrated. Petals 5, spirally twisted before expan- 520 BYTTNERIACE/E. sivii. Stamens 3 (f. 91. c), nionadclphous at the base, all fertile, and opposite the petals (f. 91. b.). Anthers ovate, ^-celled (f. 91. c). Carpels connected into a single fruit (f. 91. it upon what authority we know not, as there is no specimen of it in the Linnean herbaruni. Flowers yellow. /('oof/ Chocolate-nut. Tree 16 feet. •I T. m'coLoR (II. B. pi. eipiin. 1. p. 101. t. 30.) leaves ob- long, obli(|uely-cordate, whitish beneath, and 7-nerved. Tj . S. Native of New Granada in warm valleys. Fruit drupaceous, oval, indehisceiit, variously excavated, silky. The seeds are mixed with the common Cacao by the inhabitants. 7'H'H-co/o«rt(/-leaved Chocolate-nut. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 ft. 5 T. an'gustii-6lia (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. D. C. prod. 1 . p. 48 1.) leaves oblong, tapering to botli ends, acuminated at the apex, 3-nerved at the base, pale beneath. Ij . S. Native "f Brazil and Mexico. T. speciosa, NVilld. herb, ex Spreng. Flowers of a dirty peach-colour. Limb of petals oblong, sti- pitate. .Sterile lilaments obovate-oblong, a little longer than the ])etals. Fruit ovate. Narroii-lcavcd Chocolate-nut. Tree 20 feet. 6 T. ovatifolia (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon, ined.) leaves ovate, very entire, 3-nerved at the base, somewhat cordate-pel- tate, blunt at the apex, hoary from tomentum beneath. I; . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers small. Sepals acuminate. Fruit egg-sha])ed, wrinkled from elevated ribs. Oin/t-/crtr«/ Chocolale-nut. Tree 15 feet. Cull. All the species of Thcobr'oiiia will tiirive well in a light rich soil, or a mixture of loam and ])eat, in a moist heat. Cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. Seeds do not long retain their power of vegetation. II. ABllO'MA (from o priv. and lipuifia, broma, food; not (it for fooil, in opposition to Thcobrunia,) Lin. lil. suppl. 341. Sal. par. 102. Kunth, iiov. gen. 5. p. 318. LiN. SYST. Monadcli>/iia, JJccdndria. Calyx 5-parted. Pe- tals 5, with the claws tlilated and saccate at the base. Urccolus of st.tmen.s 10-cleft, 5 of which bear 3 anthers each, with the alternate 5 petal-like, and sterile. Capsules 5-celled, 5-wingcd, many-seeded. Seeds arillate. Albumen fleshy. Cotyledons 1 leafy, transversely tlexuous. Small trees, witli hairy lobed leaves and extra-axillary or terminal few-flowered peduncles at the tops of the branches. 1 A. AUGu'sTA (Lin. fil. suppl. 341.) branches soft, velvety- tomcntose ; adult leaves cordate, ovate-ol)long, acuminated, ser- rulated, glabrous, or covered with simple or stellate down be- neath, lower leaves roundish, cordate, 3-5-angled ; wings of capsule truncated at the apex, with the exterior angle acutish. Ij . .S. Native of the East Indies. A. augiista and A. Wheleri, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1124 and 1425. A. fastuosa, Jacq. vind. 3. p. 3. t. 1. Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 306. t. 64. Peduncles terminal opposite the leaves. Lower leaves cordate, 3-5-lobed, 5-7- nerved, upper ones ovate-lanceolate, undivided. Flowers droop- ing, of a dark dirty purple-colour. JiiguH Ahroma. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1770. Tree 10 feet. 2 A. FASTUo'sA (R. Br. in liort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 409.) branches muricated ; adult leaves scabrous from forked or sim- ple bristles ; wings of capsule somewhat truncate at the apex, with the exterior angle acuminated. '; . S. Native of the island of Timor and New Holland. A. fastuosum, Ga>rt. fruct. 1. p. 307. t. 64. Sal. par. lond. t. 102. Lower le.nves cordate, acutely 5-lobed, upper ones ovate, somewhat cordate, undivided. Flowers dark-purple. Z);«(/o;h/h; Abroma. Fl. Jime, Oct. Clt. 1800. Tree 10 ft. 3 A. MOLLIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 485.) branches rather velvety; adult leaves cordate, acuminated, serrated, velvety from very short, soft, crowded down, and stellate bristles ; lower leaves roundish, cordate, somewhat 5-lobed ; wings of capside truncate at the apex, with the exterior angle obtuse. Tj . S. Native of the Moluccas and Java. Lower leaves cordate, roundish, scarcely lobed ; upper ones also cordate, acuminated, serrated, on very short stalks, all are soft and velvety to the touch. Flowers dark-purple. i'o/J-leaved Abroma. Tree 1 0 feet ? Cull. The species of Abroma will thrive well in any light rich soil, or a mixture of loam and peat. Cuttings w ill root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. Seeds ripen in abund- ance. III. GUAZU'JIA (a name of Mexican origin, employed by Phmiier,) Plum. gen. 36. t. 18. Juss. Cav. and Pers. D. C. prod. 1. p. 485. — Bubroma, Schreb. gen. no. 1216. Lin. syst. Monadcljiliia, Decdiidria. Calyx of 5 sepals, diversely connate, 2-3-parted. Petals 5, ending in a bifid li- gula at the apex. Filaments of stamens monadelphous at the base, with a very short exserted tube, divided into 5 sterile, ovate, entire lobes, and 5 linear fertile ones, which are trifid at the apex, each division bearing 1 anther each at their apexes. Styles 5, conniving. Capsules woody, tubercled, filled with' mucilage, inii)erfectly 5-vaIved, 5-celled, opening by a tenfold number of holes, many-seeded. Seeds angular. Albumen fleshy. Cotyledons flattish. Trees covered with stellate down. Leaves alternate, simple, cordate and unequal at the base, cadu- cous. Stipulas later.il. Peduncles axillary and terminal, somewhat dichotomously branched. The species are probably mere varieties. 1 G. ULMIFOLIA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 52.) adult leaves smooth on both surfaces. 1; . S. Native of the West Indies. Theobronia Guazuma, Lin. spec. 1100. Plum. ed. Burni. t. 144. but with the leaves less cordate, and the racemes less elongated. Pluk. aim. t. 77. f. 5. Bubruma C^uazuma, and perhaps B. Invira, Willd. cnuni. 806. The leaves, according to M. De Candolle, are ovate or ol)long, unccpially toothed, acuminate at the apex ; younger ones hardly downy on the nerves, with stellate hairs. Petals yellow, with two purple awns at the apex. A wide spreading tree, not unlike tiie elm, with leaves that sleep hanging (juite down, whilst the petioles remain entirely stiff and straight. BYTTNERIACE/i:. III. Guazuma. IV. Glossostemon. V. Commersonia. 523 It grows in the lowlands of Jamaica and other West India Islands, forming a \ery agreeable shade for the cattle, and supplying tliem with food in dry weather, when all the herbage is burned up or exhausted. The pods arc lilled witii mucilage, which is very agreeable to the palate ; it can be sweetened at pleasure. It lias the taste of green figs. The wood is light, and so easily wrought, that it is generally- used by coach-makers in all the side pieces. (Browne.) It is also freijuently cut into staves for casks. A decoction of the inner bark is very glutinous, and very like that of ehn. It is said to be excellent in elephantiasis, a disorder to which the negroes are much subject. The old bark passes for a sudorific, and is said to be excellent in dis- eases of the chest, for tliis pinpose boil three or four ounces in three pints of water, and let it be reduced to two. Elm-leaved Bastard-cedar or Orme d'Amerique. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1739. Tree 40 to GO feet. 2 G. TOMENTO SA (H. B. ct Kuuth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 320.) leaves rather hairy above, but clothed with fine white tomentum beneath, h . S. Bubroma tomcntosuni, Spreng. Perhaps suf- ficiently distinct from both the other species. Flowers yellow ; petals ciliated. Leaves serrated. J'ar. (1, Mompoj:eiisis(H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) corymbs twice as long as the leaves ; calyx 2-parted. Ij • S- Native of South America about Mompox, at the river IVIagdalena, and in New Andalusia. rar. ? J3, Ciimancnsis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) panicles one- half shorter than the leaves ; calyx 3-parted. Tj . S. Native of South America near Cumana. Perhaps a proper species. TomcntoseAeayeA American Elm. Clt. ISIC. Tree 12 feet. 3 G. polybo'trya (Cav. icon. 3. p. 51. t. 299.) leaves vel- vety-tomentose from starry down beneath, younger ones pubes- cent above, adult ones smooth. T; . S. Native of New Spain and St. Domingo, and perhaps of Brazil, if Bubroma polybo- tryum, Willd. enum. 806. is the same. — Guacimo, Hern. mex. 401. f. 1. Leaves equal at the base and toothed. Many-racemed Bastard-cedar. Clt. 1816. Tree 20 feet. 4 G. Blu'mii ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, cordate at the base, unequal-sided and imequally toothed, stellately-puberu- lous above, white beneath from stellate down. Tj . S. Native of Java. G. tomentosa, Bhmi. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 655. but not of Kimth. Blume's Bastard-cedar. Tree 30 feet. 5 G. GRANDiFLORA ; Icaves large, oblong, abruptly acumi- nated, quite entire, 3-nerved, pale beneath; peduncles subrace- mose, and are as well as the calyxes densely tomentose. T; . S. Native of Brazil. Bubroma grandiflorum, Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 332. Great-Jlonered American Elm. Tree 40 feet. 6 G. Invi'ra ; leaves subcordate, lanceolate, unequally ser- rated, smoothish. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, where it is called Invha. Bubroma Invira, Willd. enum. 806. Invira American Elm. Tree 40 feet. Cult. The species thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, or any rich light soil; and cuttings root freely in any kind of soil if placed under a hand-glass in heat. The seeds retain their power of vegetation a considerable time. IV. GLOSSOSTE'MON (from yXuxraa, glossa, tongue, and nr-i^fuoy, slcmon, a stamen ; in allusion to the shape of the sterile filaments,) Desf. mem. mus. 3. p. 238. t. 2. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 311. in a note. D. C. prod. ]. p. 485. LiK. sYST. MomuUlphia, Folijdndria. Calyx 5-parted. Pe- tals 5, each terminated by a filiform point. Stamens 25-35, monadelphous at the base, divided at the top into 5 distinct bun- dles, with a sterile tongue-shaped filament in the middle of each bundle. Ovary 1, 5-celled ; cells many-seeded. Style 1. Stigmas 5. Capsule globose, covered with bristles. This genus is allied on the one hand to Sparm/innia and on the other to Byllninn. 1 G. Bruguie Ri (D. C. prod. 1. p. 486.) fj . F. Native of Persia near Bagdad. Leaves stalked, ovate, roundish, some- what lobed, toothed, hispid from starry hairs. Flowers corym- bous, rose-coloured. Bruguiere' s Glossostemon. Shrtih 1 0 feet ? Cult. This shrub only requires to be sheltered from the frost. Cuttings will root freely in sand under a hand-glass. V. COMMERSO'NIA (in honour of Philibert Commerson, M.D. a French botanist from Bourg in Brest. He accompanied M. de Bougainville in his voyage round the world ; on this voyage lie stopped at the Isle of France, where he died in 1774, after having explored that island, and collected a great number of new- plants). Forst. gen. 43. t. 22. H. B. et Kunth, nov, gen. amer. 5. p. 311. in a note. D. C. prod. 1. p. 486. LiN. SYST. Monadelphia, Decdndria. Calyx 5-cleft, petal- like, permanent. Petals 5, dilated and saccate at the base, with inflexed margins tapering gradually into a long ligida at the top, adhering to the fertile filaments at the base. Stamens 10, with the filaments connate at the base, with 5 sterile petal-like fila- ments, which spread stellately at the apex, alternating with 5 fertile 1-2-antheredones ; these are opposite the petals. Anthers 2-lobed, opening by a chink on both sides. Styles 5. Ovary 5- celled, 5-valved, each cell containing 3 or 5 ovulae. Capsules 3- 5-valved, echinated with villous bristles. Albumen fleshy. Cotyledons flat. Inflorescence cyniose. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from Byttniria. 1 C. echina'ta (Forst. 1. c.) stem arboreous ; leaves ovate- lanceolate, smoothish above, hoary beneath. T; . S. Native of the Moluccas, New Caledonia, as well as the Friendly and Society Islands. — Rumph. amb. 3. p. 1 19. There is a variety with cor- date, ovate, or imequal leaves. Flowers panicled, hoary. £c/(ina/e-fruited Commersonia. Fl. June, Jidy. Clt. 1806. Tree 20 feet. 2 C. a'spera (Colebr. mss. in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 383. under Btittneria,) leaves broad, cordate, entire, obtuse, with a short acumen, pubescent beneath, twice as long as the petioles ; umbels of flowers axillary, corymbose ; capsules very large, with stout short, remote thorns. Shrubby, unarmed. Tj . >^. S. Native of Chittagong in the East Indies. B. grandifolia, D. C. prod. I. p. 486. Stems 2 or 3 feet in circumference. Flowers small, yellowish, and villous without ; pink-coloured within. This is probably the largest species known. The fruit resembles Da- tura, whence its Bengalee name, CUmhing Dhootura. It is a large, rambling, or climbing shrub. Rough Commersonia. Shrub cl. 3 C. Jave'nsis ; stem arboreous ; leaves ovate-oblong, acu- minated, unequally cordate, scabrous from stellate down above, and white beneath from tomentum. ^ . S. Native of Java. C. cchinata, Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 655. Java Commersonia. Tree. 4 C. herba'cea; leaves cordate, acmuinated, toothed; calyx reflexed ; mucrones of petals hairy ; peduncles axillary, few- flowered. 1/ . S. Native on the coast of Coromandel on the Circar mountains. Buttneria herbacea, Roxb. cor. 1. t. 29. Flowers small, purple. Herbaceous Commersonia. PI. 1 foot. 5 C. Jackia'na (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 386. under Butt- neria,) leaves oblong, acuminated, entire, on very short petioles ; flowers axillary, corymbose, on long peduncles ; capsules echi- nated, with softish thorns. I^ . ,^. S. Native of the East Indies on the hills of Penang. A large, climbing, unarmed shrub, rough 3X 2 524 BYTTNERIACEjF,. v. Commersonia. VI. BvTTsrnn. with stellate hairs. Flowers larger than those of the C. dspcra species, yellowish ? Jack's Comniersonia. Fl. Sept. Shrub cl. (i C. I'Latyi'iiy'lla (Amir. hot. rep. no. G03. t. 519. under C. echlnata,) hairy ; stem shrubby ; leaves broad, ovate, acu- minated, unequally toothed, obliciuely cordate, hairy on both surfaces. I7 . S. Native of the Molucca Islands. Sims, bot. mag. t. 519. Flowers white, in axillary panicles. I'ar. li, Lesc/iciiaiiltii (I). C. prod. 1. p. tSC). M. de Can- dolle has a specimen from the botanic garden of Calcutta which is very like Cplatyphylla, but the leaves are equally serrate, smooth above ; the panicles are axillary and leafy, and the floriferous branches opposite the leaves. Perhaps a proper species ? firofl(/-/t'at'crf Commersonia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 180C. Sh. 4 ft. 7 C. piL^SA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. .'381. under Btilhiiria) leaves with from 3-5 acute angles, toothed, 7-nervcd, with a large long gland on the middle one near the base ; innbels of (lowers axil- lary, proliferous ; mucrones of petals filiform ; stem twining. H . ^. S. Native of Chittagong in the East Indies. Petals vellow on the outside and red within, of a bright orange-colour at the top. Younger branches hairy. This climbs to a great extent. //airy-branched Commersonia. I'^l. Sept. Shrub cl. 8 C. Gai'dichal'di (Gay. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 486.) stem shrubby ; leaves profoundly cordate, unequal-sided ; his- l)id above, tomentose beneath. Ij . 0. Native of New Holland on the eastern coast. Flowers probably white. Gaudic/iaud's Commersonia. Shrub 3 feet. 9 C. F'rase'ri (Gay, ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 954.) leaves ovate-oblong, serrated, tomentose beneath ; cymes opposite the leaves ; sterile filaments elongated, petal-like, spatulate. I; . G. Native of New Holland. I'rascr's Commersonia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. Cittl. These shrubs will grow well in a mixture of loam and jjeat, and ripened cuttings will root readily in sand uiukr a hand-glass, those of the first seven in heat. VI. BYTTNE'RIA (inhonour of navid Sigismund Augus- tus Byttner, once a professor of botany in tlie Universitj' of (iottiiigen; who pul)lislicd in 1750 a catalogue of tiie plants in the garden of an amateur named Cunon). La'fl. itin. ,'{13. Lin. gen. no. 208. but not of Duliamel. D. C. prod. 1. p. 4SG. Lin. svst. Monadilpli'ia, Dccindria. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, unguicidate, concave at tl.e base, drawn into a ligula between the lobes of the concave part, which is variously divided. Tube of stamens urceolate, variously divided, with 5 sterile segments and 5 alternate, fertile ones opposite the petals, bearing twin or Mdiglobose anthers. Style short, smooth, crowned by 5 stigmas. Capsule subglobose 5-lobed, echinated ; carpels 1-seeded from abortion. Albumen wanting. Cotyledons convolute. Erect or scandent shrubs. Leaves simple. L'mbels simple, disposed in something like racemes or panicles, rarely in corymbs. Flowers small, usually dark purple. Calyx and corolla valvate. This genus differs from Commcrsunia in the ligida of the petals being inserted on the back of the ciieullate part of the petals, not gradually ending in a ligula as in that genus. § 1. Unarmed species, native of New Holland {allied to Cum- iiiemuiiia). Rulingia, R. Brvwn. These plants perhaps agree belter nilh Cummersbnia than with Bijttneria, This section is no doubt a distinct genus. 1 B. dasypuv'lla (Gay, in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 48G,) leaves ovate-lanceolate, unequally serrated, hairy on both surfaces ; mucrones of petals exceeding the calvx. I; . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Connnersonia diphylla, Andr. bot. rep. t. Gi)3. Flowers white, in terminal corymbs. Thick- leaved By Itiwria. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1780. Sh. 4 ft. 2 B. I'ANNosA (D. C. prod. 1. ]). 48ii.) leaves ovate-lanceo- late, unequally serrale-toothed, pidiescent above, hairy beneath ; nuicrones of petals shorter than the segments of the calyx. J; . G. Native of New Holland. Rulingia pannosa, R. Br. in bot. mag. t. 2191. Byttneria inodura. Gay. ined. Lasiop6- talum tomentosum, Cels. B. austriilis, Sieb. Flowers white from tomentum, in axillary panicles. C/o//i-leaved Bytlneria. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt. 1800. Sh. 3 ft ? 3 B. iiERMANNi.EFOLiA (Gay, in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p, 48G.) leaves ovate, unequally crenate-toothed, tomentose beneath ; mu- crones of petals shorter than the segments of the calyx. 1;. G. Native of New Holland about Port Jackson. Flowers white. Herinannia-lcavcd Hyttneria. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1823. Sli. § 2. Unarmed species, Jiatives of America, and one from the Mauritius. 4 B. macrophy'lla (H. B. ct Kuntli, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 315.) leaves cordate, ovate-roundish, obtuse, serrate-crenate, marked at the base with a clear spot, and are as w ell as branches jiubescent ; peduncles many-flowered, axillary, usually in threes. l/.S, Native of New Granada near Honda. Points of petals dark-purple. Long-leaved Byttneria. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 5 B. MELASTOMoiDEs (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 144. t. 28.) stem suflVuticose, nearly simple ; leaves ovate, quite entire, smooth, upper ones lanceolate ; panicle terminal, elongated, nearly simple ; tube of stamens 5-lobed ; lobes very obtuse, 3- crenate, sterile ; anthers sessile beneath the lobes, h . S. Native of Brazil. Racemes compoimd, involucrated, disposed in umbel -like fascicles along the racliis. Mchisloma-lilaiiyUnevid. Fl. July. Shrub 2 feet. G B. Gaya'na (St. Hil. fl. bras. i. p. 145.) stem shrubby, scandent, unarmed ; leaves oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, long- acuminated, quite entire, smoothish ; peduncles axillary, umbel- liferous ; tube of stamens 5-cleft, with the antlieriferous divisions a little below. Jj . ^. S. Native of Brazil in the province of St. Paul. Petals dark-purple, ending in yellow points. Gay's Byttneria. Fl. March. Shrub climbing. 7 B. sid.ef6lia (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 14G.)stem sufl^ruticosc, climbing, unarmed ; leaves heart-shaped, acuminated, very acute, (juite entire; corymbs sublateral ; tube of stamens 10-eleft, 5 sterile divisions broadest, antheriferous, 5, very short and nar- row. Ij . ^__,. S. Native of Brazil on the banks of the river Parahyba near Uba. Petals smooth, white. Sida leaved Byttneria. Fl. Feb. Shrub cl. or tw. 8 B. Brasilie'nsis (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 790.) leaves subcor- date-oblong, acinninated, triple-nerved, serrated, floccosely-to- mentose ; peduncles axillary, subracemose ; branches terete, tomentose. ^ . S. Native of Brazil. Jlrnzilian Byttneria. Shrub. 9 B. catalp/Efoeia (Jacq. hort. schccnbr. 1. t. 46.) leaves cordate, quite entire, smooth, acuminate ; stem climbing. Ij . ^_^. S. Native of Caraccas. I'lowers white. Peduncles solitary or tern, axillary, panicled. fV/^://.«-/(rt(«/ Byttneria. Clt. 1823. Shrub cl. U) B. iiETERornYLLA (Hook, bot. misc. pt. 3. p. 287. t. 61.) climbing; leaves cordate, with a short acinnen, entire, lobcd, or palmate ; petals with a tooth on each side of the saccate part. ^•^. S. Native of the Mauritius, and Madagascar. Tellairia voliibilis, Newm. mss. Heterophyllum ramosum, Bojer. mss. Panicles axillary. Leaves pubescent in the axils of the veins. Calyx scarlet. Petals yellow, but reddish on the back, ending in a long, linear, ciliated point. BYTTNERIACE.E. VI. Byttnekia. VII. Ayenia. Var'tous-havcd Byttnciia. Shrub climbing. § 3. Species prickly on the stems, branches, petioles, and nerves. 11 B. iiirsu'ta (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 10.) loaves cor- date, acute, crenate, hairy bencalli, with the ribs and petioles prickly ; peduncles compound, crowded. Ij . S. Native ot" Peru on the Andes. Flowers umbellate, involucrate. Petals yellow at the base but purple at the apex. Hairij Byttneria. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 12 B. MOLLIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 314. t. 481. a and h.) leaves cordate, acuminated, crenate, un- armed, soft, tomentose, marked with a clear spot at the base ; branches prickly, villous, tomentose; luiibels 7-1 1 -flowered, axillary, and opposite the leaves, solitary or tern. H > S. Native of South America near Santa Fe de Bogota. Calyx red. Points of petals white. ,S'o/<-leaved Byttneria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 13 B. cokda'ta (Lam. diet. 3. p. o2S.) leaves cordate, acu- minate, serrate, with 1 gland beneath, pubescent ; petioles un- armed ; stems prickly ; peduncles pendulous, usually tern, unequal 6-7-flovvered, imibellate. \ . S. Native of Peru near Lima, in hedges at Chancay. Cav. diss. 5. p. 291. t. 150. Reem. et Schultz. syst. 1. p. 469. exclusive of synonym of Willd. Petals white, villous, with yellow mucrones. Cy)(/n;e-leaved Byttneria. Fl. July. Clt. 1793. Sh. 4 ft. 14 B. CELToiDEs (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 141. t. 24.) stem shrubby, procumbent, prickly ; leaves ovate-oblong, with a long acumen, cordate at the base, obsoletely serrated, puberulous on both surfaces, roughish above ; panicle axillary, umbelliferous, shorter than the leaves; tube of stamens lO-cleft, each division containing 5 anthers. Ij . S. Native of Brazil near Cana- braba. Petals dark-purple. Ccltis-like Byttneria. Fl. April. Shrub 6 to 7 feet. 15 B. SAGITT.EFOLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 142. t. 27.) stem suffruticose, erect ; leaves arrow-shaped, acute, upper ones toothed at the top ; petioles triquetrous ; raceme terminal ; tube of stamens 5-lobed; lobes 3-toothed, sterile; anthers sessile beneath the lobes, h . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals yellowish-green, ending in dark-purple ligulae. Raceme composed of involucrated lunbcls. The stem is covered with tubercles or prickles, which are evident under a microscope. Far. ji, pnbcrula (St. Hil. 1. c.) stem puberulous ; leaves less rough, entire at the apex ; bracteas leafy ; umbels nuich longer than in the species. Province of St. Paul. Arrow-leaved Byttneria. Shrub 2 feet. 16 B. austra'lis (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 145.) stem shrubby, prickly, scandent ? leaves oblong with long acumens, obtuse at the base, quite entire, bearded in the axils of the nerves ; pe- dimcles sublateral, umbelliferous ; tube of stamens 5-lobed. 1^ . ^. S. Native of Brazil in the province of St. Catherine. Petals ending in dark purple points. Southern Byttneria. Shrub cl. 17 B. sulcata (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 10.) leaves cor- date, ovate, serrated, pubescent, with the ribs and petioles prickly ; peduncles twin, 3-5-flowered. T; . S. Native in the warmer parts of Peru. Petals green at the base, with dark- purple points. Furrotved-stcmmed Byttneria. Shrub. 18 B, lanceola'ta (Moc. et Sesse, fl. max. icon. ind. D. C. prod. 1. p. 487.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, somewhat cordate, rarely serrated, acuminate, and are unarmed as well as the pe- tioles ; stem prickly, climbing, angular; peduncles tern, 5-7- flowered. fj . S. Native of jilexico on the mountains. Petals white with purple points. La7iceolale-\ca\ed Byttneria. Shrub cl. 19 B. ova'ta (Lam. diet. 1. p. 522.) leaves ovate, serrate- toothed, smooth ; petioles unarmed; branches 5-angIed, prickly ; stem erect; pedicels 3-6, axillary, 1-flowered, drooping. Ij . S. Native of Peru. Cav. diss. 5. p. 291. t. 149. f. 1, Flowers villous, white, with purple ciliated uuicrones. Oi'rt/e-icaved Byttneria. Shrub 8 feet. 20 B. microi'uy'lla (Lin. mant. 209.) leaves elliptical, quite entire, but emarginate at the apex ; prickles stipular ; pedicels short, 3-9, axillary, 1-flowercd. Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo near Port au Prince. Cav. diss. 5. p. 292. t. 143. f. 2. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 29. Flowers white with purple mucrones. Small-leaved Byttneria. Fl. Ju. Clt. 1816. Shrub 5 ft. 21 B. tereticau'lis (Lam. diet. 1. p. 523.) leaves lanceo- late, acuminated, quite entire ; branches, petioles, and stems terete, prickly ; pedicels solitary, lateral, 1-flowered. Tj . S. Native of Peru. Cav. diss. 5. p. 292. t. 149. f. 2. Flowers white, with purple mucrones? Round-stemmed Byttneria. Shrub 4 feet. 22 B. sca'bra (Lin. syst. 197.) leaves lanceolate, toothed, somewhat hastate at the base ; branches, petioles, and pedun- cles angular ; stems prickly ; peduncles axillary, numerous, subumbellate ; tube of stamens 10-crenate. It . S. Native of South America between Cayenne and Couron. Cav. diss. 5. p. 291. t. 148. f. 1. Aubl. guian. t. 96. Flowers white, with red mucrones ; anthers yellow. Scabrous Byttneria. Fl. July. Clt. 1793. Shrub 3 to 5 ft. 23 B. Cartiiagene'nsis (Jacq. amer. ed. pict. p. 41.) cauline leaves ovate, those of the branches ovate-lanceolate, bluntly acuminate, entire ; ribs of leaves, petioles, and rambling branches prickly ; racemes short, axillary, aggregate. Ij . S. Native of Carthagcna at the margins of woods. B. acule^ta, Jacq. amer. 76. Chaetse'a acideata, Jacq. enum. 17. Flowers small, white, withered mucrones. Carlhagena Byttneria. Fl. Sept. Oct. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. j" Species not sufficiently knorvn. 24 B. acumina^ta (Bred, ex Willd. rel. in Raem. and Schult. syst. 5. p. 470.) leaves ovate, acuminate, unarmed ; petioles somewhat prickly ; stem round, prickly. Tj . S. Native of Caraccas. J cuminate-leaved Byttneria. Shrub. 25 B. salicifolia (H. et. B. ex Willd. rel. in Raem. and Schult. syst. 5. p. 470.) leaves lanceolate, smooth ; stem angu- lar, and is as well as the petioles and ribs of leaves prickly. Tj . S. Native of Cumana. Willow-leaved Byttneria. Shrub. 26 B. coRYLiFOLiA (H. et B. 1. c.) leaves oblong, somewhat cordate, serrate, acute ; stem prickly, fj . S. Native of South America. Hazel-leaved Byttneria. Fl. ? Shrub ? Cult. The species of this genus are of easy culture ; they thrive best in a mixture of loam and peat. Ripened cuttings of the stove species root freely in mould or sand under a hand- glass, in heat , and young cuttings of the greenhouse species will root freely in sand under a hand-glass ; they also may be raised from seeds, which sometimes ripen in this country. I'he herbaceous kinds may be either increased by dividing the plants at the roots or by seeds. None of them are worth cultivating except in general collections. VII. AYE'NIA (in honour of the Duke D'Ayen of the house of Noailles, who has contributed to the progress of botany by 526 BYTTNERIACE^. VII. Ayenia. VIII. Kleiniiovia. IX. Seringia. X. Lasiopetalum. Ins zeal in collecting plants), Lin. gen. no. 1 020. D. C. prod. 1. p. 487. Lin. syst. Monadclphia, Dccandria. Calyx 5-parteil. Petals 5, arched, broadest at the apex, witii long claws, ending each in 1 or 2 pedicellate glands. Urceolus of stamens 10-1 5-toothed, 5 or 10 of which are sterile, and the 5 alternate ones bearing 1 anther each. Style 1. Stigma 5-angled. Carjuls 5, 2- valved, 1 -seeded, conniving into a somewhat globose ecliinated fruit. Albumen wanting. Cotyledons leafy, convolute. Plants with simple, serrate leaves, and axillary, few-flowered peduncles. 1 A. tl'si'lla (Lin. spec. 1354.) leaves ovate, snioothish, sharply serrated ; stems prostrate ; peduncles short, 2-3-(lowered, axillary. ©. S. Native of the Caribbee Islands, as well as of Peru. Cav. diss. o. p. 28i). t. 147. Lin. in act. liolm. 1750. p. 23. t. 2. Dayenia, Mill, illust. t. 1 18.— .Sloane, hist. t. 132. f. 2. .\ weak shrubby plant. Petals reddish, each ending in a black mucrone. Least Ayenia. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1 75C. Shrub | foot. 2 A. l.'Eviga'ta (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1 131.) leaves ovate, quite smooth, entire; urceolus exserted, 10-tootlied, besides the stamens. ^ . S. Native of Jamaica in bushy places, but rare. Flowers blood-coloured. Peduncles axillary, solitary, filiform, 1- flowered. 5moo//i-lcaved Ayenia. Shrub 2 feet. 3 A. tomentosa (Lin. spec. 1354.) leaves ovate, roundish, tomentose ; urceolus exserted, 5-toothed besides the stamens. ^ ? S. Native of Cumana in South America. La^fl. ilin. 230. no. 3. Tomentose Ayenia. .Shrub 2 feet. 4 A. sid;£f6lia (Loefl. itin.257.) leaves ovate-oblong, doubly serrated, tomentose beneath, fj . S. Native of South America. This s])ecies is joined by Linncus to A. tomentosa. Flowers reddish. Urceolas 5-toothed besides the stamens. Sida-lcavcd Ayenia. Shrub. 5 A. MAGNA (Lin. spec. 1354.) leaves cordate, ovate, acu- minate, serrated, pubescent ; peduncles many-flowered, longer than the petioles; urceolus 5-toothed. Ij . S. Native of Cumana in South America and in Mexico. A. cardiopetala, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ind. Flowers small, greenish, or red. Large Ayenia. Shrub 2 to 5 feet. 6 A. coRDiriJiiA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 488.) leaves cordate, serrated, pubescent; pedicels numerous, aggregate, shorter than the petioles. ©. S. Native of Mexico on the mountains. Heart-leaved Ayenia. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. Cult. The species of ^/yrHin are of easy culture ; they suc- ceed best in a rich loamy soil. Cuttings of the shrul>l)y kinds root freely in sand, under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. Tlie seeds of A. curdifolia re(|uires to be sown on a hot-bed, and when the plants are of sulbcient size they may be planted out in the open border in a sheltered situation. None of the species arc worth cultivating, except in general collections. VIII. KLEINHO'VIA (in honour of Kleinhofl", once director of the botanic garden in IJatavia). Lin. gen. no. 1024. Gairt. fruct. 2. )). 201. t. 137. H. B. et Kuntli, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 313. D. C. prod. 1. p. 488. LiN. svsT. Monadclphia, Pohjandria. Calyx 5-parted (f 89. a.). Petals 5, (f. 89. c.) one of which is longer than the rest and cut at the apex (f 89. I.). Filaments of stamens monadel]>hous at the base (f. 89. rf.), divided into 5 bimdlcs at the top (f 89. /(.), e.ich bundle bearing 3 2-lobed anthers on the back (f. 89. /.), opposite tlie petals. Ovary stipitate. Car- pels 5 (f. 89. ^'.), constantly connected together, each contain- ing 5-oviila>. .Style 1. Stigma somewhat crenate. Capsule inflated, turbinate, 5-angled, 5-celled, 5-sccded (f. 89.^.). Seeds roundish. Cotyledons spirally twisted about the plunude. 1 K. iio'spiTA (Lin. spec. 1305.) FIG. 89. I; . S. Native of the Molucca Is- lands.— Runiph. amb. 3. p. 113. Cav. diss. 5. p. 18. t. 140. This is a smooth tree, with broad, cor- date, acuminate, entire leaves, bear- ing divaricate racemes of small, pink flowers, so as to form a ter- minal panicle. Rumi)hius ob- serves that the leaves wlien bruised have a smell like violets, especially the young ones. We have seen this plant in Tri- nidad, where it appears to be her- baceous, about C or 8 feet high, with many stems rising from the root. .SVran^f r Kleinhovia. Fl. Jidy, Sept. Clt. 1800. Tr. 20 ft. Cult. Tliis tree will grow well in any light rich soil, and cuttings will root freely in sand under a band-glass, in heat. Tribe II. L.VSIOPF.TA'LEjE (plants agreeing with Lasiopetalum in important characters.) Gay, diss. p. 8. and mem. du mus. 7. p. 431. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 313. Calyx 5-parted, pet.il-like (f. 90. b.), permanent or marcescent. Petals minute, scale-formed (f. 90. c), rarely wanting. Filaments of stamens awl-shaped, connate at the base, sometimes 5, opposite the petals, sometimes 10, alternately sterile and fertile. Anthers incumbent, with contiguous lobes. Ovary 3-5-celled ; cells con- taining from 2 to 8-ovula?. Carpels 5, 2-valved, usually closely connate into a single fruct, but sometimes somewhat free. Seeds strophiolate at the base. Albumen fleshy. Embryo straight. Cotyledons flat, leafy. New Holland shrubs. IX. SERINGIA (Nicholas Charles Seringa, a Swiss bo- tanist, author of numerous papers in De Candolle's Prodromus). Gay, diss. p. 12. D. C. prod. 1. p. 4S8. Lin. syst. Dccandria, Monnni'/nia. CahTC marcescent. Petals wanting. Filaments 1 0, with the 5 alternate ones sterile. Anthers bursting by dorsal chinks. Carpels 5, 2-valved, 2-3- seeded, each ending in a style. Strophiola of seed crenate. 1 S. platvpiiy'i.i.a (Gay, diss. p. 13. t. 1. and 2,). V; . G. Native of New Holland on the eastern coast. Lasiopetalum ar- borcscens, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 3(5. Peduncles opposite the leaves, bearing many flowers, in crowded cymes. Stipulas sm.ill, deciduous. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, grossly toothed. Flowers yellowish from tomentum. i5ro«rf-/f(7i'«/ Seringia. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1802. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. Cull. This shrub will thrive well in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat, and yoiuig cuttings planted in the s.ime kind of soil under a hand-glass will root readilj-, or it may be increased by seeds, which occasionally ripen in this country. X. L.\SIOPE'TALUM (from Xatrwt, lasios, woolly, and TTtraXo)', petalon, a petal ; in allusion to the calyx being woolly.) Smith, in Lin. trans. 4. p. 210. I). C. prod. 1. p. 489. Lin. syst. I'cntandria, Monogi'inia. Calyx permanent (f. 90. b.). Peuils 5, in the form of gl.-inds. Filaments 5, free. Anthers bursting by 2 pores on the inside (f. 90. c). Ovary 1, 3- celled ; cells containing 2-ovula\ Capsules 3-valved, with valvidar dissepiments opening at the cells. Strophiola of seeds jagged. Stipidas wanting. Leaves linear-lanceolate, quite entire, rusty beneath. Inflorescence in cymes opposite the leaves. BYTTNERIACEiE. X. Lasiopetalum. XI. Guichenotia. XII. Tiiomasia. XIII. Keuaudrenia. 527 A\\ ^' 1 L. ferrugi'neum (Smith, in FIG. 90. Andr. hot. rep. t. 208.) segments of calyx tomentose on both sides, f^ . G. Native of New Holland. Vent. malm. t. 59. Sims, bot. mag. t. 17(3G. Cav. diss. p. 16. t. 3. Calyx covered with brown tonientuni. Petals small, dark- purple. liuili/ Lasiopetalum. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1791. Sh. 2tol. ft. 2 L. PARViFLORUM (Rudge, in Lin. trans. 10. p. 297. t. 19. f. 1.) segments of calyx smooth on the inside. ■ Ij . G. Native of New Holland. Gay, diss. p. 17. t. 4. Flowers small, yellowish-brown from tomentum. Small-/lo7VcredLasiopetiihm. Fl. Apr. Jul. Clt. 1810. Sh.3ft. Cult. These are very pretty shrubs ; they grow best in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and ripened cuttings will root freely in sand under a hand-glass. XI. GUICHENOTIA (inhonour of Anthony Guichenot, who went round the world with Captain Baudin along with Riedle and Leschenault.) Gay, diss. p. 20. D. C. prod. 1. p. 4S9. LiN. sYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent. Petals 5, gland-formed. Filaments 5, free. Anthers bursting by lateral chinks. Ovary 5-celled ; cells containing a ovulae, clothed with dense tomentum within. Stipulas wanting. Leaves 3 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, entire. Inflorescence racemose. 1 G. LEDiFOLiA (Gay, diss. p. 19. t. 5.). Pj . G. Native of New Holland on the western coast. Shrub hoary all over. This is a perfectly distinct genus from Lasiopitalum ledifo- lium of Vent., which is now Boronia Icdifblm. Calyx grey- tomentose. Petals dark-purple. Ledum-leaved Guichenotia. Shrub 2 feet. Cult. This is a very pretty shrub, which will thrive well in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat, and ripened cuttings will root readily in sand under a hand-glass. XII. THOMA'SIA (in memory of Peter and Abraham Tho- mas, collectors of Swiss plants in the time of Haller.) Gay, diss. p. 20. D, C. prod. 1. p. 489. LiN. SYST. Penta-Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, veiny. Petals 5, scale-formed, or wanting. Filaments 5 or 10, for the most part connate at the base. Anthers bursting by lateral chinks. Ovary 3-celled ; cells containing from 2-8- ovula;. Capsules 3-valved, dissepiments formed from the edges of the valves. Strophiola of seed crenate. Stipidas leafy, permanent. Leaves ovate, lobed, clothed on both surfaces with hispid tomentum. Inflorescence racemose, opposite the leaves. Bracteas 3-parted. § 2. Pentandrous species with a long style, and with 2 seeds in each cell of the capsule. 1 T. PURPU REA (Gay, diss. p. 22. t. 6.) leaves linear-ellip- tical, entire ; stipidas leafy ; petals o ; capsules stiiiitate, smooth, with 3 deep furrows. ^^ . G. Native of New Holland on the south-west coast. Lasiopetalum purpiireum, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1755. Lasiopetalum purpurascens, Lois. herb. amat. t. 294. Calyx purple. Purple-Rowered Thomasia. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1803. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 2 T. FOLiosA (Gay, diss. p. 2 4. t. 7.) leaves ovate, cordate, bluntly 5-7-lobed ; stipulas minute ; petals wanting ; capsules sessile, tomentose, with 3 furrows, '•j . G. Native of New Holland on the south-west coast. Leafy Thomasia. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub 1 ft. § 2. Decandrous species with a short style, and from 3 to 8 seeds in each cell of the capsule. 3 T. soLAKACEA (Gay, diss. p. 20. t. 6.) petals 5; leaves sinuate-lobed, hairy. Ij . G. Native of New Holland on the south-west coast. Lasiopetalum tripliylluni, Smith in Rees' cyclop. Lasiopetalum solanuceum, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1486. Leaves the largest of all the genus. Calyx pinkish-purple. (So/anum-flowered Thomasia. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1803. Shrub 1 to 5 feet. 4 T. triphy'lla (Gay, diss, p, 28.) leaves sinuately-angular, smoothish on the back ; petals wanting ; capsules mucronate. ^2 . G. Native of New Holland in Van Lewin's Land. Lasiopetalum triphyllum, Labill. nov. hoU. 1. p. 63. t. 88. Leaves appearing ternate from being furnished with a large, stalked stipula on each side. Three-leavcdT\\oxnas\a. Fl. April, Jidy. Clt. 1824. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 5 T. quercifolia (Gay, diss. p. 29.) leaves 3-lobed, pinna- tifid, clothed with rough tomentum beneath ; petals wanting ; capsules mutic. T^ . G. Native of New Holland. Lasiope- talum quercifolium, Andr. bot. rep. t. 459. Sims, bot. mag. 1485. Flowers purplish. Oak-leaved Thoma%\a. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1803. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 6 T. diffusa; leaves 3-lobed; stems diffuse; petals want- ing ? (; . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers white. Diffuse T\\oma%\a. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1825. Sh. i foot. Cull. Thomasia is a genus of pretty under shrubs, which deserve to be cultivated in every collection ; they will thrive well in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat, and ripened cuttings will root freely in sand, under a hand-glass. XIII. KERAUDRE'NIA (in honour of — Keraudren, a French nobleman ?). Gay, diss. p. 31. D. C. prod. 1. p. 489. Lin. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent. Petals wanting. Filaments 5, fertile, imbricate and conniving at the base. Anthers bursting by dorsal chinks. Ovary 3- celled, each cell containing many ovulae. Styles 3-parted, con- nected. Capsules echinately-tomentose, 1 -celled from abortion, 3-valved, with valvular dissepiments. Seeds twin, with an entire strophiola. Stipulas minute, permanent. Leaves sinuately waved. Inflorescence corymbose, with jointed pedicels. 1 K. hermanni^folia (Gay, diss. p. 32. t. 8.). Tj . G. Native of New Holland on the western coast. A stiff" shrub. Hermannia-leaied Keraudrenia. Fl. ? Shrub 1 foot. Cult. This shrub will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root readily in sand under a hand-glass. Tribe III. HERMANNIE IE (plants agreeing with Hermdnnia in im- portant characters). D. C. prod. 1. p. 490. Hermanniaceas, Kunth, malv. p. 11. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 312. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-lobed, permanent, sometimes naked, sometimes somewhat involucrated. Petals 5, spirally twisted before expansion, with the claws usually adnate to the tube of the stamens. Stamens 5, monadelphous at the base, all fertile and opposite the petals. Anthers ovate, 2-celled. Styles 5, connected into 1, crowned by as many stigmas. Carpels 5, joined into 1 fruit ; cells or carpels usually 2-seeded. Albumen fleshy. Embryo enclosed, straight, or curved, with an ovate, inferior radicle, and flat, leafy, entire cotyledons. .528 BYTTNERIACE.E. XIV. Melochia. XIV. MELO'CHIA (a name altered from the Arabic name of Curchorus ulilurius, Melucliich or Mvlukhijch, wliicli is used in the East as a salad-j)lant). II. B. et Kiinth, nov. gen. amcr. .5. p. 322. — Melochia, spec. Lin. gen. no. 8^1). D. C. prod. 1. p. 490. Lin. syst. MonaiUlph'ia, Pentiindria. Calyx 5-cleft, naked, or furnished with 1-3 calyculate bracteas. Petals 5, spre.iding. Stamens 5, monadelphous at the base. Styles 5, more or less connected. Capsides 5-celled, 5-valved, opening at tlie cells, bearing a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds from 1-2 in each cell. Herbs or subshrubs with simple serrated leaves. Flowers terminal, axillary, and o])posite the leaves, caj)!- late, umbellate, or glomerate, spicate, corymbose or panicled, rarely solitary, white, red, lilac, yellow, ))uri)le, violet, and of 2 colours. Calyx valvate. Petals twisted. The genus liddllia : . S. Native of the Caribbec Islands and Brazil. Cav. diss. 6. p. 319. t. 172. f. 1. IM. Do- ming6nsis, Jacq. vind. 1. t. SO. Flowers flesh-coloured or violaceous, yellow at the claws. /'yr«n»Wn/-capsuled Melochia. Fl. July, Aug. CIt. 17G8. Shriib 1 to 2 feet. 2 M. ULMARioiDES (St. Hil. fl. 1. p. 159.) stem twiggy; cauline leaves ovate, heart-sb:ipcd, acute, dentately serrated, smootliish above, but pubescent beneath ; panicle terminal, cy- mose, elongated ; tube of stamens cleft in 5, even to the middle ; cai>sule globose, villous, 10-valved at the apex. 1; . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Grande do Sul at the river Uruguay. ['7nmr(a-/;/-f Melochia. Fl. Jan. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 3 M. sERi'cEA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 160.) stem twiggy, nearly simple, hairy ; cauline leaves heart-shaped, imcqually silky ; panicle terminal, simple, interrupted ; tube of stamens deeply 5-cleft ; capsule globose, villous, 10-valved at the apex. f; . S. Native of Brazil near Villa Rica. Flowers yellow? Silhj Melochia. Fl. Feb. P). 3 to 5 feet. 4 M. GRAMiNiFOLiA (.St. Mil. fl. bras. 1. p. 160. t. 31.) stem nearly simple, twiggy ; leaves on .short petioles, linear, acute, remotely serrated, smooth ; panicle terminal, very slender ; lube of stamens nearly entire; capsule subglobose, at length 10-valved. Ij . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Novas in dried-up marshes. Petals purple, but yellow at the base with purple veins. Grass-lcaicd Melochia. Fl. June. PI. 1 to l-J^ foot. 5 M. Turpinia'na (M. B. ct Kunth, nov. gen, amer. 5. p. 323. t. 432.) leaves somewhat unequal-sided, ovate, acute, truncate, and somewhat cordate at the base, doubly crenate- serrated, pubescent above, hoary from tomentinn beneath ; um- bels 7-10-flowered, longer than the petioles. Ij . S. Native of New Granada. Flowers red or violaceous. 7'i/ry)iH'A' Melochia. Fl. June, July. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 0 M. TOMENTosA (Lin. spec. 932.) leaves unequal-sided, ovatc-oblong, acute, serrated, with plaited lines, hoary from lonienlum on both surfaces as well as the branchlets ; umbels 3-8-flowered, axillary, longer than the petioles, but they are opposite the leaves on the branchlets. I; . S. Native of the Caribbec Islands in dry fields as well as on the sandy sea-coast of Cumana. II. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 323. Flowers purple. Style 5-eleft. far. ji, fnilesccns (Jacq. obs. 2. p. 24.) differing from the species in its habit being much harder, as well as the leaves being nuich smaller. Flowers violaceous. Perhaps a distinct species. Tomen/oic Melochia. Fl. May, June. CIt. 1768. Shrub 6 to 7 feet. 7 M. macropiiy'lla (H. B. ct Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 324.) leaves equal-sided, ovate, acute, cordate, crcnate-ser- rated, hairy above, but clothed with fine, soft, hoary tomentum beneath ; umbels many-flowered, equal in length with the pe- tioles. 1; . S. Native of New Andalusia near Bordones, Flowers white. Long-leaved Melochia, Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 8 M. LiLAci.NA (St. nil. fl. bras. 1. p. 162.)stems decumbent, branched ; leaves on short i)etioles, cordate at the base, un- equally serrated, jilaited, silky-villous on both surfaces, lower ones somewhat oblong-ovate, intermediate ones ovate or ovate- roundish, uppermost ones roundish-ovate, or roundish ; flowers glomerate, disposed in interrupted spikes ; tube of stamens entire; capsule ovate, 5-lobed, villous, 5-valved. l/.S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, not far from the river St. Francisco. Flowers lilac. 7J/flc-floivcred Melochia. Fl. Aug. PI. decumbent. 9 M. iiERMANNioiDEs (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 163. t. 32.) stem suffruticose, prostrate ; leaves usually obovate, very obtuse, toothed, quite entire at the base, pilose on both surfaces ; heads of flowers subumbellate ; peduncles 0])posito the leaves, hairy ; tube of stamens 5-cleft ; capsule somewhat obcordately-globose, 5-lobed. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of the Mis- sions, in grassy fields. Petals violaceous. Ilcrviann'ia-like Melochia. Fl. Jan. Feb. Shrub prostrate. 10 M. SIMPLEX (St. Hil. ff. bras. 1. p. 164.) stem suffruti- cose, nearly simple ; leaves lanceolate, finely denticidated, pu- bcrulous on the nerves ; flowers axillary, and at the tops of the branches in fascicles ; capsule spherical, pilose, 5-valved. H . S. Native of Brazil in the province of St. Paid, in the northern part. Petals purple or violet at the top but yellow at the base. iS7;H;j/c-stemmeil Melochia. Fl. Mar. .Shr\dj 1 foot. 11 M. xEPETOiDEs (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 165.) stem suffru- ticose ; leaves ovate, cordate at the base, crenate, pubcrulous above, but jiubescent beneath ; heads of flowers axillary ; pe- duncles longer than the petioles, pubescent ; capsule pyramidal at both ends, bro.id. Ij . S. Native of Brazil in the ))rovince of Minas Novas, on the banks of a rivulet called Sucuriu. Flowers purplish. Nipcta-lilcc Melochia. Fl. May. Shrub 1| foot. 12 M. uETONici-.KOLiA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 165.) leaves ovate-oblong, cordate at the base, crenatc-toothcd, rather ])ubcs- cent above, but pubescent beneath ; beads of flowers axillary, witii the ])eduucle shorter than the ])etiole ; tube of stamens 5- cleft ; capsule pyramidal at both ends, jiubescent, with the lobes of the exterior angle furnished with a tooth. 1; . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Novas. Flowers white. BttoiDj-lcared Melochia. Fl. .May. Slirul) 1 to 2 feet. 13 M. cokdifo'rmis (St. Hil. fl. I)ras. 1. p. 160.) leaves heart- shaped, acute, somewhat doubly-toothed, pubcrulous above, but tomentosc beneath ; hc.ids of flowers axillary, stalked ; tube of stamens 5-cleft at the apex. '; . S. Native of Brazil in the pro- vince of Minas Novas. Flowers pale-purple. I/earl-leaicd Melochia. Fl. June. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 14 M. PAKViFoi.iA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. p. 325.) leaves small, oblong or obovate-oblong, obtuse at both ends, crenate-scrrated, roughish above, but clothed with close-pressed hairs beneath ; flowers crowded in umbels at the tops of the branches. '; . S. Native of South America in arid places near Caraccas. Flowers white. Small-lcavcd Melochia. Fl. Jul. Aug. CIt. 1 819. Sh. 1 \ ft. 15 .M. lana'ta (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 167.) stem suff'ruti- BYTTNERIACE^. XIV. Melociiia. XV. Riedleia. 529 cose, erect, branched, woolly, canescent ; leaves ovate-ellip- tical, toothed, quite entire at the base, silky-villous above, but woolly and hoary beneath ; heads of flowers stalked, opposite the leaves, dense ; tube of stamens profoundly 5-eleft. f; . S. Native of Brazil in the province of JNlinas Geraes, near Olho d'Agoa. Var. fl, iiiclusa (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves narrower, elliptic, less woolly; heads of flowers less woolly ; stamens inclosed; petals much smaller ; style a little longer than the ])etals. fl'vully Meloch'ia. Fl. Sep. Oct. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. IC M. Portorice'nsis (Spreng. syst. 3. p. ^9.) leaves oblong, obtuse, crenated, hoary tomentose on both surfaces ; peduncles umbelliferous, short. ?2 . S. Native of Porto-Rico. IM. cre- n.'ita, Bertero. Porto-Rko Melochia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. Cult. Melochia is a genus of plants hardly worth cultivating except in botanic gardens. They thrive well in any light rich soil, and cuttings root readily in the same kind of soil under a hand-glass, in heat. They may be also increased by seeds, which generally ripen in this country. XV. RIEDLE'IA (in honour of M. Riedle, a French natu- ralist, who accompanied Captain Baudin round the world.) D. C. prod. 1. p. -190. — Riedleia, Vent, choix. no. 37. — Mougeotia, Kunth. diss. p. \'Z. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 326. — Visenia, Houtt. Pfl. syst. 6. p. 287. Spreng. syst. 3. p. 29. Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Pentindria. Calyx 5-cleft, naked, or furnished with 1-3 calyculate bracteas. Petals 5, spreading. Stamens 5, monadelphous at the base. Styles 5. Carpels 5, joined into a simple fruit, which is therefore 5-celled and 5- valved, at length separating into 5 1-2-seeded divisions, which open longitudinally, and are free from the central axis. — Inflores- cence various. Flowers small, white, yellow or red. 1 R. POLYSTACHiA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 490.) leaves oblong, acute, blunt and serrated at the base, pubescent above, but beset with silky hairs beneath, as well as on the branchlets ; panicle terminal, leafless, of many stalked cymose or side- flowered racemes. $ . S. Native of South America near Honda at the river Magdalena. Mougeotia polystaehia, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 328. t. 483. f. a and b. Flowers yellow. Many-spiked K\eA\e\?i. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1827. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 2 R. cham.«'drys ; stems prostrate, hairy; leaves ovate or roundish-ovate, very blunt, dentately serrated, pilose, younger ones silky ; racemes sub-corymbose, axillary ; tube of stamens profoundly 5-cleft ; capsule globose, composed of 5 bifid car- pels. Jj . S. Native of Brazil. Melochia chamae'drys, St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. IGI. Flowers yellow. Germander-\i]f.e Riedleia. Fl. Jan. PI. prostrate. 3 R. mo'llis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 491.) leaves ovate, acute, rounded and somewhat cordate at the base, serrated, clothed with silky pubescence above, but hoary from soft tomentum be- neath ; umbels axillary, many-flowered, much longer than the petioles, fj . S. Native of South America near Honda and Santanna in New Granada. Mougeotia mollis, H. B. et Kuntli, 1. c. Petals white, but yellow towards the middle. Soft Riedleia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 4 R. TILI.EFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 491.) leaves cordate, toothed, younger ones clothed with velvety tomentum, adult ones smooth ; corymbs terminal, many-flowered ; fruit velvety, blunt- ly 5-sided. t; . S. Native of the island of Timor. Habit almost oi R. odvrata or R. velutlna. Lime-tree-leaved Riedleia. Shrub 2 feet. 5 R. crena'ta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 491.) leaves roundish, cre- nated, tomentose, lined ; umbels stalked, axillary, and terminal. VOL. I. PART. VI. Tj . S. Native of South America. Melochia crenata, Vah). symb. 3. p. 86. t. 68. Flowers white or yellow. Crcnate-\eaxei}i Riedleia. Shrub. 6 R. oDORA^TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 491.) leaves ovate, some- what cordate, doubly serrated, acute, smooth ; corymbs axillary, stalked. I^ . S. Native of the islands of Tanna and Tongataboo in the South Seas. Melochia odordta, Forst. prod. 253. Wisenia I'ndica, Gmel. syst. 505. Visenia I'ndica, Houtt. pfl. syst. 6. t. 46. f. 3. Flowers white or red. Sweet-scented Riedleia. Shrub. 7 R. VELUTi NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 491.) lower leaves cordate, upper ones ovate, acuminate, simply serrated, soft and velvety on both surfaces ; corymbs axillary, stalked, few-flowered. Ij . S. Native of Bengal and Java. Very like R, odorHta. Flowers probably red or white. Fe/oe/// Riedleia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 8 R. coRYMBOSA (Moc. ct Sessc, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 491.) leaves cordate, orbicular, acuminated at the apex, villous ; corymbs axillary, loose, stalked. J^ • S. Native of Mexico on mountains. Flowers purple, twice the size of those of 7?. odorata. Corymhose-^owereA Riedleia. Shrub 3 feet. 9 R. trunca'ta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 491.) leaves wedge-shaped, toothed at the apex, smooth above, hoary from stellate tomentum beneath ; flowers solitary ; capsules depressed. \^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Melochia truncata, Willd. spec. 3. p. 601. Flowers white or flesh-coloured. Trtmcated-leayed Riedleia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Shrub 2 feet. 10 R. depre'ssa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 491.) leaves ovate, ser- rated, velvety-tomentose ; pedicels 1-3-flowered, opposite the leaves ; capsules bluntly 5-sided, with ciliated angles. fj . S. Native of the island of Cuba near Havannah, and of St. Martha. Melochia depressa, Lin. spec. 910. exclusive of the synonyme of Miller. Cav. diss. 6. p. 320. t. 173. f. 1. a. difl!ers from ours in the stipulas being spreading, lanceolate, not erect subovate. Pedicels shorter, axillary, 1 -flowered. Flowers flesh-coloured, but according to Cavanilles sulphur-coloured. Depressed RieiWeia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Shrub J ft. 11 R. Pebuvia'na (D. C. prod. 1. p. 491.) leaves ovate, ser- rated, tomentose ; flowers solitary, axillary ; capsules globose, villous. Pj . S. Native of Peru. Melochia Peruviana, Desrous. in diet, encyl. 4. p. 83. Stem shrubby, dwarf. Flowers citron- coloured. Peruvian Riedleia. Shrub 2 feet. 12 R. supi'na (D. C. prod. 1. p. 491.) leaves ovate, serrated ; flowers capitate; stems procumbent. ©. S. Native of the East Indies. Melochia supina, Lin. spec. 944. — Pluk. aim. t. 132. f 4. Flowers red. Trailing Riedleia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. trailing. 13 R. corchorifo'lia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 491.) leaves ovate, somewhat 3-lobed, serrated, smoojh ; flowers generally terminal, capitate, sessile. ©. S. Native of Ceylon and Java. Melo- chia corchorifolia, Lin. spec. 944. Cav. diss. 6. p. 321. t. 174. f. 2. — Dill. elth. t. 1 76. f. 217. Corolla pale-purple, with a yel- low bottom. Corchorus-leaved Wiedhia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1733. PI. 1ft. 14 R. radia'ta (Blum, bijdr. exSchlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 655.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, serrated, rather pubescent on the midrib on both surfoces ; lower leaves ovate, sublobate ; spikes umbellate, terminal. O ? S. Native of Java. Rayed Riedleia. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 15 R. infla'ta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 491.) leaves ovate, some- what acuminated, obsoletcly cordate, doubly-serrated, clothed on both surfaces with close-pressed hairs; peduncles axillary, trifid, many-flowered, one-half shorter than the petioles. 'Jt ? S. Na- 3 Y 530 DYTTNERIACE;E. XV. Riedleia. XVI. Walthlria. live of Nfw Granada in liuniid shady places. Mougeotia infl<\ta, H. B. et Kiinth, nov. (jen. amcr. 5. p. 330. t. 484. Flowers white, but yillow towards the base. Injlahd Riedleia. PI. 1 foot. IG R. nodii-lo'ra (D. C. prod. 1. p. 491.) leaves ovate, acu- minated, serrated, smooth, younger ones covered with close- j)resscd hairs ; flowers axillary, conf^lomerate, sessile. fj . S. Native of South America and the West India Islands in hedjjes. Meluchia nodiflora, Swartz. fl. ind. oec. 2. p. ll.'J9. Moii<;e6tia nodiHora, 11. B. et Kunth, nov. "^en. anier. 5. p. 330. Mclociiia carpinifulia, Wendl. obs. 53. Flowers pale-red. AnoZ-^oHcrct/ Riedleia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub 2 to C feet. 17 R. BoRBoNicA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 491.) leaves ovate-lan- ceolate, acuminate, serrated, somewhat villous ; flowers axillary, conglomerate, sessile. Ij . S. Native of the island of Bourbon. Melocliia Borbonica, Cav. diss. 6. p. 3.21. t. 174. f. 1. Corolla yellow, liardly longer than the calyx. Fruit villous. liimrhon Riedleia. .Shrub 3 feet. 18 R. Bi;uti;ria\sa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 492.) leaves ovate, somewhat cordate, serrated, smooth ; heads of flowers globose, dense on stalks, which are the length of tlie petioles. I; • S. Native of Guadaloupe. Melocliia Berteriana, Balb. in litt. Bcrlcro's Riedleia. .Shrub 2 feet. 19 R. ebia'ntma (D. C. prod. 1. p. 492.) leaves ovate, tooth- ed, hairy, on very short petioles ; flowers axillary, crowded, sessile ; calyxes villous ; carpels 5, distinct. Ij . S. Native of Cayenne. Flowers yellow ? Wooltij-Jlimcrcd Riedleia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 20 R. iiirsu'ta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 492.) leaves ovate, acute, villous ; beads of flowers terminal, rather spike-formed, crowded, hairy ; calyxes with 3 bracteas. I7 . S. Native of New Granada and the CJaribbee islands. Melocliia hirsiita, Cav. diss. C. p. 323. t. 175. f. 1. Mougeotia hirsuta, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amcr. 5. p. 331. Flowers yellow. Hairy Riedleia. Shrub 1 \ foot. 21 R. VENo'sA (I). C. prod. 1. p. 492.) leaves ovate, serrated, veiny, tomentose beneath ; peduncles distinct, terminal, many- llowered ; stem hairy. Ij . S. Native of Jamaica in very arid places. Melocliia venosa, Swartz. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1137. Flowers large, yellow. A ciH y-leaved Riedleia. Shrub 3 feet. 22 R. concatena'ta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 492.) leaves ovate- lanceolate, toothed, smooth; racemes terminal, crowded. %. S. Native of the East Indies. Melocliia concatenata, Lin. spec. 944. Cav. diss. G. t. 175. f. 2.— Pluk. aim. t. 9. f. 5. Flowers yellow. Capsule globose, sessile. f'oHi.«. 121. G;ert. fruct. 2. p. 259. t. 137. but not of Lam. D. C. prod. 1. p. 498. Lin. syst. Muuaiiilplna, J'uh/dmlria. Calyx 5-parted, per- manent, girded by a 3-leaved, luiilateral involucel. Petals 5. Stamens 15-20. Filaments joined together at the very base, 5 sterile, with 2-3 fertile ones between eacli of the sterile ones. Style 1, divided at the top into 5 somewhat reflexed stigmas. Carpels 5, 2-valved, 1 or many-seeded, closely joineil together into a capsule. Cotyledons twisted, bifid, l-'lowers in bifid corymbs, with a single-stalked flower in the fork. § 1. Lcajkis of involucel broad, ovate or cordate. 1 D. pai-ma'ta (Cav. di-ss. 3. p. 122. t. 38. f. 1.) leaves smooth, pahtiate, 7-cleft, 7-nerved, with lanceolate, serrated lobes ; corymbs bifid. »j . S. Native of the island of Bourbon. There is a variety with 5-cleft, 5-nerved leaves. Flowers at first white, then pale-yellow, but at last rust-coloured. /'«/maifTli:d-\ca\eA Dondieya. .Shrub 20 feet. 3 D. anglla'ta (Cav. diss. 3. p. 123. t. 39. f. 1.) leaves tomentose, cordate, roundish, toothed, obsoletely 3-lobed ; um- bels simjilc ; peduncles shorter than the leaves. \ . .S. Native of the island of Bourbon. Flowers red. Calyx tomentose. //«irH/ar-leaved Dombeya. Shrub 10 feet. 4 I). TiLi.EFOLiA (Cav. diss. 3. ]). 124. t. 39. f. 2.) younger leaves tomentose, adult ones smoothish, cordate, 7-nerved, cre- nate ; corymbs bifid. Ij . S, Native of Bourbon. Flowers probably red. Limc-lrcc-lcaved Dombeya. Fl. 1820. Shrub 10 feet. 5 D. TOMENTosA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 125. t. 39. f. 3.) leaves tomentose, roimdish, cordate, acuminate, 5-ncrvcd, transversely veined, crenated ; mnbel bitid. Ij . S. Native of Madagascar. Flowers white or red. Pedimcles, petioles, and branches beset with long hairs. '/'omciilosc Dombeya. Shrub 10 feet. 6 D. Hamii.tonia'na (Wall. jd. rar. asiat. 1. p. 69. t. 77.) shrub densely clothed with tomentum ; leaves ovate, subcordate, obtuse, une(|ually and acutely toothed ; peduncles axillary, 3- flowered, twice the length of the petioles. I; . .S. Native of the East Indies on the banks of Irawaddi near Melloon, also on Mount Taong Dong near Ava. Flowers large, yellow, invo- lucrated. Hamilton's Dombeya. Fl. Nov. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 7 D. coRDiFoi.iA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 499.) leaves smooth, cor- date, acuminate, serrated, 5-7-nerved, sometimes 3-lobed, lateral lobes small ; peduncles rather longer than the petioles. Vi . S. Native of the East Indies. D. tiliacfolia and angulata, Roxb. liort. beng. Hook, bot. mag. 2905. Involucre soon falling off. Anthers 1 0. Flowers large, red, in dichotomous crowded corymbs. Calyx reflexed. Le.ives pubescent beneath. /jfta);-/tam/ Dombeya. Clt. 1820. Shrub 10 feet. § 2. Leaflets of involucel narrow, lanceolate, or linear. 8 D. umbeela'ta (Cav. diss. 3. p. 127. t. 41. f. 1.) leaves smooth, cordate, ovate-oblong, acuminated, somewhat rcpand ; imibels globose, simple ; peduncles twice as long as petioles. I; . S. Native of Bourbon. Lam. ill. t. 57(j. f. 2. Flowers at first white, then rust-coloured. l'»iftc/-fiowered Dombeya. Shrub 10 feet. 9 D. FERRioiN'KA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 128. t. 42. f. 2.) leaves tomentose beneath, smooth above, ovate-oblong, 7-nervcd, some- what peltately cordate, toothed ; corymbs 2-parted ; peduncles twice as long as petioles. ^. S. Native of the Mauritius. Leaves rusty beneath, as well as the branches. liiisli/Aeiivvd Doml)eya. Clt. 1815. Shrub 10 feet. 10 D. GiiANDiFOLiA (Lamb, herb.) leaves broad, cordate, slij;hlly lobed, smooth ; peduncles panicled. '; . S. Native of the Mauritius. Flowers red ' (irtdl-liatid Dombeya. Tree 20 feet. 11 D. I'lNcTATA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 125. t. 40. f. 1.) leaves rather downy beneath, roughly dotted above, somewhat cordate, ovate-oblong, acuminated, 5-nerved, entire ; corymbs crowded ; j)eduncles longer than the leaves, Ij . S. Native of Bourbon. Flowers white or red, BYTTNERIACE^. XXIV. Mf.liiania. XXV. Trochetia. XXVI. Pterospermum. 537 Z)()»crf-leaved Dombeya. Clt. 1820. Shrub 10 feet. 12 D. OVATA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 127. t. 41. f. 2.) leaves clothed with white tomentum bcneatii, smoothisli above, 3-5-nerved, ovate, acute, toothed ; corymbs bifid ; style very small. \' . S. Native of Bourbon. Shrub clothed with rusty hairs. Flowers whitish, or pale red. Otvi^e-leaved Dombeya. Clt. 1822. Tree 16 feet. Cull. All the species of Domheija thrive well in sandy loam ; and young cuttings will root freely in sand, under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. XXIV. MELHA'NIA (from Mount Melhan in Arabia Fehx, the habitation of M. vcluthia). Forsk. descr. 64. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 146. D. C. prod. 1. p. 499. Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Decdndria. In every respect the same as Dombeya, but with 10 stamens, 5 fertile, and 5 sterile, each of the fertile ones bearing either 1 or 2 anthers. Suffi- ciently distinct from Dombeya. h 1. Fertile Jilaments bearing 2 anthers each. 1 M. decanthe'ra (D. C. prod. 1. p. 499.) leaves smooth, elliptical, acuminated at both ends, repandly-toothed ; pedun- cles many-flowered, umbelliferous. ^ . S. Native of Ma- dagascar. Dombeya decanthera, Cav. diss. 3. p. 126. t. 40. f. 2. Flowers small, white? Ten-anthered Me\han\a. Tree 10 feet. f) 2. Fertile Jilaments, bearing 1 anther each. 2 M. ERYTHRo'xYLON (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 146.) leaves ovate-cordate, somewhat peltate, acuminate, crenulated, tonientose beneath, netted ; peduncles usually 3-flowered. Tj . S. Native of St. Helena in groves. Flowers large, white. Pen- tapetes erythroxylon. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 138. Dom- beya erythroxylon, Sims, hot. mag. t. 1000. This tree flowers even when only 1^ foot high. Red-wooded Melhania. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1772. Tree 15 ft. 3 M. MELANOXVLON (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 146.) leaves cordate, quite entire, tomentose on both surfaces, even ; peduncles usually 3-flowered. ^ . S. Native of St. Helena. — Pluk. mant. fi. t. 333. f. 5. The involucel in this andil/. cry- tliroxyton soon fall off. Flowers white. Black-wooded Ue\\\a.mdi. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. Tree 20 feet. 4 M. Denha Mn(R. Brown, in Denh. etClapp. trav. appen. p. 27.). Ij . G. Native of the north of Africa near Soudan. This species differs from all the others in having its bracteas regu- larly whorled, and at the same time longer and much broader than tlie divisions of the calyx. Dcnliam's Melhania. Shrub. 5 M. veluti'na (Forsk. descr. 64.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrated, tomentose ; umbels axillary, simple, 4-flowered. Jj . G. Native of Arabia Felix on Mount Mellian, whence the generic name. Pentapetes velutina, Vahl. symb. 1. p. 49. Dombeya velutina, Willd. spec. Flow'ers yellow. Vclrcty Melhania. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 6 M. Burche'llii (D. C. prod. 1. p. 499.) leaves oblong- linear, bluntish, somewhat serrated, velvety and hoary on both surfaces; pedicels axillary, l-flowered, length of petioles. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Melhania, Burch. cat. no. 241 7. Flowers white ? Burchelt's Melhania. Clt. 1818. Tree 15 feet. 7 M.? prostka'ta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 499.) leaves linear, entire, smooth above, hoary beneath ; pedicels axillary, 1- flowered, twice or thrice as long as the petioles. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Dombeya prostrata, Burch. cat. no. 2153. Flowers not seen. Prostrate Melhania. Shrub prostrate. VOL. I. — part. VI. Cult. Melhania is a beautiful genus of shrubs and trees. They will grow well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and cuttings will root in the same kind of soil, under a hand-glass, in heat. They are all liable to be covered with insects, sucli as the mealy bug, scale, and red spider, whicli should be carefully cleaned off, or the plants will not thrive. XXV. TROCHE'TIA (in memory of M. Du Trochet, a ve- getable physiologist). D. C. mem. mus. 10. p. 106. prod. 1. p. 499. LiN. SYST. Monadelphia, Pohjandria. Calyx 5-parted (f. 92. a.), spreading, naked. Petals 5 (f. 92. b.). Stamens 20-25, monadelphous at the base (f. 92. c), 5-7 of which are sterile (f. 92. rf.). Ovary (f 92. e.) 1, roundish, scaly. Style filiform (f. 92./.). Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds small, roundish, wingless. Shrubs with entire leaves, which are rusty or scaly beneath and axillary, 1 -3-flowered, drooping peduncles. 1 T. uniflora (D. C. mem. mus. 10. p. 106. with a figure). leaves ovate, somewhat acute, twice as long as broad ; peduncles 1-flowered. Tj . S. Native of the Island of Bourbon. Flowers white or pale-red (f 92.). One-fiowered Trochetia. Tree 20 feet. 2 T. TRIFLORA (D. C. 1. C. With a figure) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, 4-tinies as long as broad ; peduncles 3-flowered ; flowers rising from the top of the peduncle, middle pedicel naked, lateral ones each furnished with a bractea. Tj . S. Native of the Is- land of Bourbon. Flowers white or pale -red l Threc-JloiveredTrochetia. Tree 20 feet. Cult. These trees will succeed well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and young cuttings will strike root freely in the same kind of soil under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. XXVI. PTEROSPE'RMUM(from7rr£po>',23. 200. D. C. mem. mus. 10. p. 111. with a figure. Eriolac'na Roxburghii, Spreng. This is a very shewy tree with dark-red flowers. Stipulas palmate, fringed. .S'c;;i(V/^/»rt/f-leaved Pterospermum. Clt. 1820. Tr. 20 ft. 7 P. DivERsiFOLiUM (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 655.) leaves oblong, broadest above, serrated, obliquely cor- date at the base, with rounded entire lobes, younger ones peltate, 3-5-lobed. fj . S. Native of Java. Eriolae'na diversifolia, Spreng. Flowers white ? Diverse-leaved Pterospermum. Tree 23 feet. + Species, the name of which is only Icnonn. 8 P. cane'scens (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 50.). \. S. Na- tive of Ceylon. Flowers white? //on/y Pterospermum. Clt. 1823. Tree 20 feet. Cult. This is a gen\is of line l)road-leavcd trees. They will thrive well in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat, and cuttings, not deprived of their leaves, will root readily in sand, under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat. XXVII. VISE'NIA (probably from the name of some bo- tanist). Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaca. 1. p. C51. Gios- sospermum, Wall, in herb. soc. Lin. LiN. SYST. Monadclphia, Penlundria. Calyx 5-cleft. Pe- tals 5. Stamens 5, all fertile, monadelphous at the base. Carpels 5, connate, 2-valved, 1 -seeded. Seeds fixed to die bottom of the cells, ending in a wing at the apex. Albiuuen .imygdalaceous. Embryo with leafy cotyledons and an inferior radicle. 1 V. UMBEI.I.A TA (Blum. 1. c). ^i . S. Native of Java A tree with cordate, acuminated, obtusely-serrated leaves, which are canescent, and axillary, stalked, umbellate corymbs of flowers. U mbcllaU-&o\\vreA Visenia. Tree 20 feet. Cult. This tree may be propagated and cultivated in the same manner as reeonuncnded for I'lerospermum. XXVIII. A.'^TR.^PiE'A (from ain-pairj), astrapc, lightning; brightness of flowers). Lindl. coll. hot. t. 11-. D. C. prod. 1. p. 500. LiN. STST. Monadclphia, Poly6ndria. Flowers umbellate, girded by a many-leaved involucel ; leaflets roundish, ovate, with the 2 outer ones opposite. Calyx of 5 sepals, with 1 brac- tea on the outside of each. Petals 5. Stamens joined into a long tube, 5 sterile, 20 fertile. Ovary 5-celled. Style 1. Stig- mas 5. Ovula; few in each cell. Elegant trees, with large angular leaves, and drooping umbels of scarlet flowers. 1 A. AVALLi'tmi (Lindl. coll. hot. t. 14.) leaves large, cor- date, angularly lobed ; stii)ul,is leafy, ovate, acuminated ; pe- duncles long, hairy ; umbels drooping. I; . S. Native of Ma- dagascar. Ker. hot. reg. t. 691. A. Wallichii and A. penduli- flora, D. C. Flowers scarlet. Anthers yellow. ;rfl//ic/( '« Astrapa-a. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Tree .iO ft. 2 A. ? visco'sA (Sweet, hort. brit. ]>. 58.) leaves large, cordate, with 5 angular lobes, clammy, as well as the young branches. \l . S. Native of Madagascar. Clammy Astrap^a. Clt. 1 823. Tree 30 feet. 3 A. tili.efo'lia (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 58.) I; . S. Native of the island of Bourbon. Perhaps a species of Dombiya. Lime-lree-leaccd \stva\ixa. Clt. 1824. Tree 10 feet ? Cull. A. Wallichii is one of the finest plants that ever was introduced into Britain ; when in flower nothing can exceed it in beauty. All the species will grow well in a rich soil or a mixture of loam and peat ; and yoiuig cuttings planted in moidd, and placed tuider a hand-glass in heat, will soon strike root. ■\ Uncertain Dombeyaccce. XXIX. KY'DIA (in memory of Colonel Robert Kyd, whose love for botany induced him, at the desire of the East India Company, to begin a botanical garden and nursery at Calcutta, which he conducted with nuich success during his life.) Roxb. cor. 3. p. 11. D. C. jirod. 1. p. 500. Lin. SYST. Mouadilphia, I'olyandria. Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed, surrotmded by a 4-()-leaved involucel, with the leaflets of the involucel adhering to the c.ilyx at the base. Petals 5, obliquely obcordate, longer than the calyx. Stamens monadel- phous in a long tube ; anthers disposed in 5, 4-anthered bimdles on the top of the teeth of tlic staminiferous tube. Ovary 1. Style trifid. Stigmas dil.iteower of vegetation for many years. Synopsis of the Genera. 1 Spaiima'nnia. Sepals and petals 4. Stamens numerous, intermixed with sterile threads. Capsule echinatcd, 6-valved, 6- celled ; cells 2-seeded. 2 Entele'a. Sepals and petals 4-5. .Stamens numerous, all fertile, not intermixed with sterile threads. Capsule sphe- rical, echinatcd, half 6-valved, C-celled, many-seeded. 3 Helioca'rpus. Sepals and petals 4. Stamens 12-20. Style 1, bifid, with recurved segments. Capsule stipitate, some- what compressed, radiated lengthwise on all sides, 2-valved, 2- ecUed, 2-seeded. 4 A.n'ticho'rus. Sepals and petals 4. Stamens 8. Style 1. Capsule awl-shaped, 4-valved, 4-celled ; cells many-seeded. 5 Co'rchorus. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens numerous. Style almost wanting. Stigmas 2-5. Capsule awl-shaped or roundish, 2-5-valved, 2-5-celled ; valves with a dissepiment in tlie middle of each. Seeds in 2 series. 6 Honcke'nya. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 8, with nu- merous capillary threads. Style crowned by a 6-toothed stigma ? Capside echinatcd, 5-valved, 5-celled. Valves with a dissepi- ment in the middle of each. Seeds numerous, arillate. 7 Triumfe'tta. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 10-30, sometimes a little connected at the base. Style 1. Carpels 2-4, closely joined together into a head, echinatcd by bristles, which are hooked at the apex. Seeds twin, or solitary in the cells. 8 Po'rpa. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 26-30, girded by a membranous ring. Style 1, crowned by a 3-tooth- ed stigma. Capsule hairy, 8-cellcd ; cells 1 -seeded. 9 Gre'wia. Sepals 5. Petals 5, with a scale at the base of each on the inside. Stamens numerous, rising from the apex of the torus. Anthers roundish. Style 1 , crowned by a 4-lobed stigma. Drupe 4-lobed, containing 2-4 nuts, which are 2- celled and 2-seeded, rarely 1 -seeded. 10 Mi'cRocos. Sepals 5. Petals 5, destitute of scales on the inside. Stamens numerous, inserted on the top of the torus. Anthers roundish. Style crowned by a bluntish stigma. 11 Vinxe'ntia. Sepals and petals 5, the last bifid. Stamens numerous. Style crowned by a 4-lobed stigma. Capsule glo- bose, indehiscent, containing 4 4-celled nuts, or from abortion only 1 -celled and 1 -seeded. 12 Colu'mbia. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens numerous. Style 1. Torus pentagonal. Fruit globose, 4-celled, 4- winged, but perhaps composed of 2 2-winged, 2-seeded carpels. 13 Ti'lia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens numerous, free, or somewhat polyadelphous. Ovary globose, villous, 1- styled, 5- celled ; cells 2-seeded. Nut coriaceous, 1 -celled, 1-2- seeded from abortion. 14 Brownlo wiA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, with 5 linear TILIACE^. 1. Si'ARMANNiA. II. Entelea. 541 scales around the stigma. Stamens numerous, inserted round the apex of a turbinate receptacle. Style crowned by a 3-lobed stigma. Capsule of 1 to 5 2-valved, 1-2-seeded carpels. 15 Diplophra'ctum. Sepals and petals .'5 (f. 94. a. 6.). Sta- mens numerous (f. 94. d.). Style 1 , crowned by 5 aggregate stigmas (f. 94. g.). Capsule globose, indehiscent, 5-winged (f. 94. e.), 10-celled ; cells parted into 1 -seeded divisions by a transverse dissepiment. Seeds arillate, fixed to the sides of the valves. 16 Microste'mma. Sepals 5-6. Petals 10-12. Stamens 30, rather connected at the base. Style 1, crowned by 5-G aggre- gate stigmas. Capsule globose, 5-6-winged, 5-6-valved, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds solitary, placed at the top of the valves. 1 7 Munti'ngia. Calyx 5-7-parted. Petals 5-7. Stamens numerous. Ovary sessile, globose, girded by hairs at the base, crowned by a capitate-rayed stigma. Berry 5-celled, many- seeded. Seeds small, imbedded in pulp. 18 Apei'ba. Calyx 4-5-parted. Petals 4-5, unquiculate, smaller than the calyx. Stamens numerous, short. Anthers Jong, ending in 2 leafy lobes. Style 1, dilated at the apex into a funnel-shaped stigma. Capsule spherical, depressed, scabrous from soft bristles, or rigid tubercles, 8-24-celled. Seeds minute, numerous, fixed to the central fleshy receptacle. 19 Sloa'nea. Calyx 4-7-lobed. Petals wanting. Stamens numerous ; filaments almost wanting ; anthers very long, crowned by a small acumen. Ovary 1. Style 1, filiform. Capsule ligneous, roundish, echinated with crowded prickles, 4-5-valved, 4-5-celled ; cells 1-3-seeded. Seeds covered with fleshy aril. 20 Esenbe'ckia. Calyx saucer-sliaped, girded by a 3-parted, deciduous involucel. Petals 5. Stamens numerous ; anthers twin. Style 1, crowned by a capitate, 5-angled stigma. Cap- sule woody, 5-angled, 5-valved, 5-celled; valves with a dissepi- ment in the middle of each. Seeds 3-6 in each cell, adhering to the dissepiment. 21 Abla'nia. Calyx 4-5-parted. Petals wanting. Stamens numerous ; anthers roundish. Ovary ovate. Stj'les 2, bifid. Capside 4-valved, 1 -seeded, hispid from rigid bristles. Seeds numerous, arillate, fixed to a free central placenta. 22 Gyroste^mon. Flowers dioecious. Calyx 6-7-lobed. Stamens numerous, disposed in a concentric circle ; anther seated on a naked receptacle, without filaments, 2 or somewhat 4- celled. Capsule of numerous 2-valved, 1-seeded carpels, dis- posed in a whorl around the central axis. Perhaps belonging to Euphorbiacets. 23 Christia'na. Calyx 3-lobed. Petals 5. Stamens in- definite. Capsule of 5, 1-seeded carpels, which are connected at the base. This genus is hardly known. 24 Luhe'a. Calyx 5-parted, girded by a 6-9-1 2-parted in- volucel. Petals 5. Stamens numerous, somewhat connected at the base in 5 bundles, with 5 pencilled or fringed scales opposite each bundle. Style thick, crowned by a 5-lobed stigma. Capsule 5-angled, 5-celled, 5-valved, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds winged at the apex, disposed in 2 rows on the margin of the dissepiment. 25 Mo'llia. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens collected into many sets, disposed in many series, outer series in 5 sets, inner series indeterminately joined. Style simple. Capsule 2-celled, 2-vaIvcd, without a central column. Seeds numerous, awl- shapcd, disposed in 2 series in each cell. 26 Va'tica. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, twisted in the bud. Anthers 15, sessile, ovate, 4-celled, 3 in front of each petal. Ovary 5-angled. Style crowned by a 3-lobed stigma. Capsule 3-cclled? cells 1-seeded. A doubtful genus. 27 Espe'ra. Calyx 4-partcd, spreading. Petals long, per- manent. Stamens mmierous, capillary. Style 1. Stigma 1. Capside oblong, 4-6-winged, 4-G-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Seeds round, hairy. 28 Be'rrya. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens numerous, rather connected at the base. Style crowned by a trigonal, capitate stigma. Capsule roundish, 3-celled, 3-valved, 6-wing- ed, with 2 horizontal wings on the back of each valve, with a dissepiment in the middle of each on the inside. Seeds large, ovately-globose, covered with stiff hairs, 2 in each cell. 29 Euthe'mis. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 5. Anthers oblong, acuminated, bursting at the apex by 2 pores. Style filiform, crowded by a simple stigma. Berry 5-seeded ; seeds disposed round the central axis, covered with a fibrous aril. This genus differs from the rest of Tdiacece in the dehiscence of the anthers. 30 Xerope'talum. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, emarginate. Stamens about 20, 5 of which are sterile. Capsule 3-celled, 3- valved. I. SPARMA'NNIA (in honour of Andrew Sparmann, M.D. a Swedish botanist, who went round the world with Captain Cook in his second voyage in 1772 to 1775.). Thimb. nov. gen. 88. Lin. fil. suppl. 41. D. C. prod. 1. p. 503. Lin. syst. Polijiindria, Monogijnia. Calyx of 4 sepals. Petals 4, roundish. Stamens numerous, intermixed with numerous threads, which are tomentose and rather adhering at the base. Capsules echinated, 5-angled, 6-celled, 6-valved ; cells 2-seeded. —A shrub, with large leaves, resembling those of Kita/bella vilifulia. 1 S. Africa'na (Lin. fil. suppl. 265.) ^.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope on the sides of mountains. Vent. malm. t. 78. Sims, bot. mag. t. 726. or 516. Leaves angular, hairy, as well as the younger branches. Flowers white with the sterile threads yellow, mixed with brown. 4/>?can Sparmannia. Fl. Mar. Jul. Clt. 1790. Tr. 20 ft. Cult. A beautiful shrub, flowering early in spring. It thrives best in a mixture of loam and peat ; and cuttings rout freely in sand under a hand-glass. II. ENTELE'A (from tirtXijc, enteles, perfect; alluding to the stamens being all fertile). R. Br. in bot. mag. t. 2480. Lin. syst. Polydndrla, Monogynia. Calyx of 4-5-sepals. Petals 4-5. Stamens indefinite, all fertile, without any sterile threads. Capsule spherical, echinated, 6-celled, half-6-valved, many-seeded. — A tree, with cordate, angular, doublc-crenated, 5-nerved leaves, furnished with small permanent stij)ulas. Flowers white, in simple, lateral, or terminal stalked umbels. Involucel many-leaved, short. Pedicels bractless. Anthers purplish or yellow. The genus differs from Sparmdnnia in the stamens being all fertile, and in the capsule being undivided to the base, not as in that genus opening into 6 distinct valves, as well as in the cells being many-seeded. ol2 TILIACE.E. III. Heliocari'us. IV. Anticiiorcs. V. Corciioris. 1 arbore'scens (R. Br. in hot. mag. t. 2 180.) h . G. Native of New Zealand near Tijiado, Tola<,'i, anil Ojioragi. The wood is very soft and very liy;lit, and from this (jroperty it is used by the iidiahilants to float their fisliing nets witli. //,Wfxcfn< Entelea. Fl. May. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet. Cull. This is an elegant shrub, well adapted for a green- house conservatory. It will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat, and large cuttings, not too much ripened, will root in sand imdcr a hand-glass. III. HELIOCA'RPUS (from .';\ior, helios, the sun, and Kap. TTor, karpos, a fruit ; the valves of the ca])sule are elegantly ciliated around on all sides, which gives them the appearance of a little sun.) Lin. gen. no. COG. D. C. prod. 1. p. 503. LiK. sysT. Polydmlria, Monogijnia. Calyx of 4 sepals. Petals 4. Stamens 12 to 20. Style 1, bifid, with the segments recurved. Capsules stipitatc, somewhat compressed, rayed lengthwise on all sides, 2-celled, 2-seeded. — Trees, w ith cordate, serrate, 3-lobed, simple leaves, and cymes of small, yellowish- green flowers. 1 H. America Nus (Lin. spec. C43.) leaves smooth ; branches and cymes smooth. ^ . S. Native of Vera Cruz. Montia, Houst. Heliocarpus, Lin. hort. clift; 211. t. IC. Trew. elir. t. 45. Leaves cordate, somewhat 3-lobed, serrated. Flowers of a yel- lowish-green colour. American Sun-fruit. Fl. Jidy. Clt. 1733. Tree 14 to 20 ft. 2 H. Popavane'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amcr. 5. p. 341.) nerves and veins of leaves hairy beneath ; branches and cjniies clothed w ith flocky down. ^^ . S. Native of New Gra- nada on the mountains near Popaya. Flowers of a yellowish green-colour. Perhaps only a variety of //. Americiinus. Popaya Sun-fruit. Tree 14 feet. Cult. The species o( Hclioc/irjius thrive best in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and young cuttings will root if planted in sand under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat. IV. ANTICHOitUS (from ain, anti, a Greek preposition, which often signifies in composition resemblance to the word that follows, and cliorus, abridged from Corchorus, in allusion to the resemblance in plants). Lin. fil. fasc. p. 3. t. 2. D. C. prod. 1. p. 504. Lin. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 sepals. Petals 4. Stamens 8. Style 1 . Capsule awl-shaped, 4-valved, 4-celled ; cells many-seeded. Resembles Corchorus. 1 A. DErRE'ssus(Lin. mant. C4.). ©. H. Native of Arabia. Jussisc'a cdulis, Forsk. descr. 210. Carictera, Scop. Cor- chorus antichorus, Rausch. A small, prostrate plant with coarsely toothed, oval leaves, and small, axillary, twin, yellow flowers, and reflcxcd fruit. The whole plant is boiled as a pot-herb. Depressed Antichorus. PI. trailing. Cult. This is a trifling annual, the seeds of which will require to be sown in the beginning of May in a sheltered situation, where it will grow and ripen its seed freely. V. CO'RCHORUS (nopxopoc, in Greek a pot-herb, which comes from copcw, koreo, to purge, and Kopij, ki,rc, the pupil ; laxative cpialities of C. olitorius). Lin. gen. no. C75. D. C. prod. 1. p. 504. LiN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5, deciduous sepals. Petals 5. Stamens numerous. .Style tubular, almost wanting. Stigmas 2-5. Capsules awl-shaped and round, 2-5- valved, 2-5-celled, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds disposed in 2 rows. Sm::ll shrubs or herbs with simple, serrated leaves covered with simple or stellate hairs. Peduncles opposite the leaves, or axillary, 1 -flowered, or 2-3- parted, bearing 2-3 or many flowers. Corolla small, yellow, convolute in a;stivation. Corchorus Japonicus now forms a separate genus among the Rosacea: under the name of K(rria. Sect. I. Core'ta (from Koptu, koreo, to purge ; qualities of plants). P. Browne and Kunth, D. C. prod. 1. p. 504. Cap- sules silique-forined, 2-valved, 2-cellcd, but not ending in horns at tjie apex. 1 C. siLiQLosis (Lin. spec. 746.) capsules linear, compressed, 2-valved, smooth ; leaves lanceolate, equally serrated ; stem smoothish, much branched ; peduncles usually 2-flowered. I^ .S. Native of South America, Jacq. vind. 3. p. 34. t. 59. — Plum, ed. Burm. t. 103. f. 1. The flowers, according to Linneus, are of 4 sepals and 4 stamens, and without petals in the spring, but in the autumn they bear 5 sepals and 5 petals and numerous stamens. C. linearis, Mill. diet. no. 5. C. secundiflorus, Moc. et .Sess. fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers pale-yellow. This plant is used for besoms by the negroes in the West Indian colonies. Leaves sometimes truly ovate. Siliquc-capsvAvd Corchorus. Fl. Jime, Aug. Clt. 1732. Shrub 2 to 6 feet. 2 C. FOLiosus (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 583.) leaves small, crowded, ovate-oblong, crenulated, smooth ; peduncles 1 -flowered ; cap- sule terete, rough, 2-valved ; stem shrubby. Ij . S. Native of Cuba. C. sdiquosus, Poppig. Leafy Corchorus. Fl. June, July. Shrub 1 foot. 3 C. hi'rtus (Lin. spec. 747.) capsules linear, compressed, 2-valved, and are as well as the stem hairy ; leaves oblong, equally serrated. ©. S. Native of South America. Jacq. vind. 3. t. 58. — Plum. ed. Buim. t. 103. f. 2. Flowers yellow. //fl/Vi^ Corchorus. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 4 C. ala'tus; plant pilose, branched; leaves ovate, acute, serrated, lower serratures setaceous ; stipulas setaceous ; pe- dicels 2-3 together, short, axillary ; capsule long, flat, winged. ©. S. Native of Guinea. Flowers small, yellow. fr(n^t(/-capsuled Corchorus. PI. ^ foot. 5 C. pilo'lobos (Link. cnum. hort. berl. 2, p. 72.) capsules linear, compressed, somewhat falcate, hairy, younger ones acu- minated with the style ; leaves oblong, somewhat cordate, acutely crenated, smoothish ; stem hairy above. 1/ . S. Native of? C. lasiiilobus, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 583. Flowers yellow. This plant is often confused with C. hirtus in the gardens. '■ Cap-pvdded Corchorus. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 6 C. Orinoce'nsis (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 337.) capsules siliquose, rather terete, 2-celled, hairy ; leaves lan- ceolate-oblong, upper ones linear-lanceolate, acute, crenated, smooth or a little ciliated; stem almost simple, erect. ©. S. Native on the banks of the river Orinoco, near Angustura. Flowers yellow. Orinoco Corchorus. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 7 C. viLLOsi'ssiMUS (St. Hil. fl.bras. 1. p. 280.) stem densely pilose at the apex ; leaves ovate, usually acute, crenatc-toothed, villous, younger ones densely silky-villous ; pedicels opposite the leaves, twin ; capsule compressed, hairy. \^ . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Gcraes. Flowers yellow. I cry villous Corchorus. Fl. Aug. Shrub 1 foot. 8 C. arou TLS (II. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amcr. 5. p. 337. St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 282.) stem lined with villi ; le.ives linear- lanceolate, sharply serrated, smooth, scabrous above ; pedicels twin, rising from the side of the axils ; capsule tetragonal, compressed, puberulous, erect. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes andof New Granada. Flowers yellow. I'ar. /}, austrdlii (St. Hil. 283.) stem more slender, leaves more oblong, less acute, less erect, with the nerves hardly white. In the province of the Missions. TILIACE.E. V. CoRciiouus. 54;} 5Art)7)-tootlied-leaved Corchorus. Fl. Aug. Shrub 2 to 3 ft. 9 C. I'lLosus (II. B. et Kuntli, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 338. t. 487.) capsules siliquose, 2-cclled ; peduncles opposite, the leaves simple, hairy ; leaves ovate, acute, or ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrate-toothed, puberulous, and beset on both surfaces as well as the branches with long, soft hairs ; stem hispid. ©. S. Na- tive of New Granada near Ibaijue, and of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers yellow. Capsule pilose. Pilose Corchorus. Shrub ^ to 1 foot. 10 C. hu'milis (St. Hil. fl.bras. 1. p. 280.) stem soft, hispid ; leaves oblong, ovate, deeply crenate-toothed, pubescent ; pedi- cels opposite, the leaves twin, 2-partod, 2-flowered ; capsule compressed, hispid, spreading. O* H. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers yellow. Humble Corchorus. Fl. Aug. PI. A to 1 foot. 11 C. to'rtipes (St. Hil. "fl. bras.'l. p. 281. t. 55.) stem rather scabrous, with lines of villi ; leaves ovate, acute, un- equally serrated, pilose ; pedicels twin, rising from the sides of the axils of the leaves, twisted ; capsule compressed, erect, with a few hairs. ^2 ■ ^- Native of Brazil about Rio Janeiro. Flowers yellow on a furcate peduncle. Tn'isted-pedicelled Corchorus. Fl. Aug. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 12 C. jNIompoxe'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 338.) capsules siliquose, straight, 2-edged, 2-celled, hairy ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, each ending in a narrow acumen, ser- rated, snioothish ; branches smooth, with a pubescent line. 1^ . S. Native of South America on the banks of the river Magdalena, near Mompox. Flowers yellow. Momjpox Corchorus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. Sect. II. Coretoides (alluding to the resemblance which the plants of this section have with those of the preceding Coreta). D. C. prod. 1. p. 504. Capsules silique-formed, 3-6-valved, 3-6-celled, but not ending in horns at the apex as in the follow- ing section. 13 C. TRiiocuLA^Ris (Lin. mant. 77.) capsules awl-shaped, trigonal, 3-valved, scabrous ; leaves ovate-oblong, serrated, with the lower serratures usually setaceous. ©. S. Native of Arabia. C. se'stuans, Forsk. descr. 101. Petals pale-yellow. The whole plant is eaten as a pot-herb. T/irce-celled-ca])suledCovchorus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1790. PI. 1 foot. 14 C. OLiTORius (Lin. spec. 746.) capsules oblong-cylindrical, obtuse-angled, smooth, 5-celled ; leaves ovate-oblong, serrated, with the lower serratures long and setaceous ; peduncles nearly sessile, solitary. ©. S. Native of Asia, Africa, and America between the tropics in gardens and among rubbish. I/am. ill. t. 478. f. 1.— Com. hort.'47. t. 12.— Mor. hist. 2. p. 283. f. 3. t. 15. f. 4. Flowers yellow. Rauwolf says this plant is sown in great plenty about Aleppo as a pot-herb, the Jews boiling the leaves to eat with their meat, whence in French it is called mmive-de-jnif. Pot-herb Corchorus. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1640. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 15 C. longica'rpus ; suffruticose, erect, branched ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrated ; lower serratures bristly ; petioles pilose; peduncles short, 1 -flowered ; stipulas seta- ceous ; capsule long, acuminated, smooth, nearly sessile ; 5- celled. Tj . S. Native of Guinea. Flowers small, yellow. Long-fruited Corchorus. PI. 1 foot. 16 C. .b'stuans (Lin. spec. 746.) capsules oblong, 3-valved, 6-furrowed ; leaves somewhat cordate, ovate, acuminated, ser- rated, with ^the lower serratures long, and setaceous. ©. S. Native of South America. Jacq. vind. t. 85. — Pluk. phyt. t. 127. f. 3.— Brown, jam. 232. t. 25. f. 1. under Triumfetta. Scorching Corc\\oxMS. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1731. PI. 1 ft. 17 C. i'rismatoca'rpus (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 282.) stem lined with villi ; upper leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrate-toothed, rather pubescent ; pedicels twin, opposite the leaves ; capsule prismatic, 4-5-angIcd, hairy, erect, 2-3-valvcd. Ij . S. Native of Brazil in the province of the Missions. Flowers yellow. Prismatic-fruited Corchorus. Fl. Feb. Shrub }, to 1 foot. 18 C. SERR.EioLius (Burch. cat. geogr. no. 1962. voy. 1. p. 537.) capsidcs linear, terete, scabrous, usually twisted, 6-valved peduncles lateral, trifid, 3-flowered ; leaves linear, coarsely serrated. 1/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope in a plain near Gattskamma beyond the river Gariep. Stems pro- cumbent, elongated, villous. Flower-bud acute. Petals yellow. Stiw-leaved Corchorus. PI. procumbent. 1!) C. lanceola'tus ; plant erect, twiggy, simple, smooth; leaves lanceolate, equally serrated, lower serratures setaceous ; petioles hairy ; stipulas setaceous ; pedicels axillary, solitary, 1-flowered ; capsule long, 3-5-celled ? t; ? © ? S. Native of Guinea. Flowers small, yellow. Lanceolafc-]ea\'ed Corchorus. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 20 C. ASPLENiFOLius (Burch. cat. geogr. no. 1737. voy. 1. p. 400.) capsules? peduncles opposite the leaves, trifid, 3- flowered ; leaves elongated, ovate, simply crenate-serrated ; flower-bud somewhat globose. 1^. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope on the banks of the river Gariep. This is probably only a variety of C. serrcefolius. Spleen-rvort-leaved Corchorus. PI. procumbent. Sect. III. Ceratocore'ta (from Kipug, kcras, a horn, and Coreta, the name of the first section ; in allusion to the carpels ending in horns). D. C. prod. 1. p. 505. Capsules elongated, angular, ending at the apex in 3 and 5 diverging horns. 21 C. tri'dens (Lin. mant. 560. exclusive of the synonym of Burm.) capsules slender, 2-3-valved, 2-3-angled, 2-3-horned ; leaves oblong, serrated, lower serratures setaceous. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies and Guinea. C. Senegalensis, Juss. These are varieties with narrow and broad leaves. — Pluk. phyt. t. 127. f. 4. — Burm. ind. 123. t. 37. f. 2. Flowers yellow. TVifZent-capsuled Corchorus. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 22 C. fascicula'ris (Lam. diet. 2. p. 104.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, unequally-serrated, smooth, mutic at the base ; cap- sule almost sessile, aggregate, woolly, ovate-oblong, 3-valved, 6-celled, and 3-horned at the apex. Native of the East Indies. — Pluk. amalth. t. 439. f. 6. Flowers yellow. /aicic/erf-capsuled Corchorus. Shrub 2 feet. 23 C. acuta'ngulus (Lam. diet. 2. p. 104.) capsules oblong, acutely angled, ending in S-5 entire or bifid horns ; leaves ovate, rather hispid, serrated, with one bristle on each side at the base. ©. S. Native of St. Domingo and the East Indies. — Pluk. phyt. t. 44. f. 1. C. tetragonus. Mill. diet. no. 4. ? Per- haps two species are confused under this name. Acute-angled-ca]>sii\eA Corchorus. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1816. Shrub 2 feet. 24 C. pa'tens (Lehm. in nov. act. bon. 12. p. 805.) leaves lanceolate, smooth, serrated, lower serratures setaceous ; capsule linear, 3-valved, 6-furrowed, smooth, tricuspidate, spreading; peduncles 1 -3-flowered. ©. H. Native of Egypt. ^/j?-ea(//«n'-capsuled Corchorus. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 25 C. Guadaloupe'nsis (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 584.) leaves ovate-serrated, mutic at the base ; capsule linear, terete, obtuse- ano-led, 4-valved, 4-horned at the apex. ©. S. Native of Guadaloupe. Flowers yellow. Guadaloujje Corchorus. PI. 1 foot. 12 544 TILIACE.T;. v. Cobchorus. VI. HoNCKENYA. VII. Triumfetta. Sect. IV. Ga'nja (the name of tlic plant in Amboyna). Runiph. amb. 5. t. 78. f. 1. D. C. prod. 1. p. 505. Capsules somewhat globose, depressed, wrinkled, mnricated. 26 C. capsula'ris (Lin. spec. 7 i6.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuniinnted, serrated, with the lower serraturcs setaceous. Q. S. Native of the East Indies. Gaert. fr. l. 129. Jacq. eel. 2. t. 120. — Pink. aim. t. 255. f. 4. Flowers yellow, in clusters, opposite the leaves. Capsular-podded Corchorus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1731. PI. 1 to i feet. Sect. V. GuAZUMornES (from Guaziinia and iilca, form ; plants agreeing with GHazuma,m having prickly capsules). D. C. prod. 1. p. 505. Capsules ovate, somewhat velvety, and echi- nated with soft ])rickles. Flowers yellow. 27 C. hirsu'tus (Lin. spec. 747.) capsules ovate, woolly; leaves ovate, obtuse, tomentosc, equally serrate-crenated or entire. ^ . S. Native of South America. — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 104. — Jacq. amer. pict. 81. t. 157. C. frutescens, Lam. diet, 2. p. 105. Peduncles umbellate, many-flowered. I'ar. )i, oblotigi/dlius ; leaves oblong. Ij . S. Native of Jamaica, &c. C. hirsutus, Jacq. hort. vind. t. 57. f. 2. /{airy Corchorus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1752. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 28 C. arena'rids (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 339.) capsules oblong, 3-sided, 3-celled ; leaves small, in fasci- cles, oblong, blunt at both ends, undulately-crenated, rather complicated, coriaceous, tomentose ; branches clothed with flocky down, f; . S. Native of New Andalusia in sandy places. 6'««(/ Corchorus. Shrub 8 to 12 feet. 29 C. tomentosus (Thunb. fl. jap. 228.) capsules oblong, woolly ; leaves ovate, obtuse, tomentosc, equally serrated. Ij . G. Native on the mountains of Japan. Flowers orange-coloured, usually solitary. Tomentose Corchorus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. •f Species not sufficiently known. 30 C. ? sca'ndens (Thunb. in Lin. trans. 2. p. 335.) leaves opposite, ovate, with setaceous serratures ; stem and branches flexuous-scandent ; flowers terminal, solitary. 1; . ^. G. Native of Japan. Flowers yellow. Climbing Corchorus. Shrub climbing. 31 C. serra'tus (Thunb. 1. c.) leaves oblong, serrated; ser- ratures pointed ; branches smooth. fj ? G. Native of Japan. Branches purple. Flowers yellow, terminal. 6Vrra/c-leavcd Corchorus. Shrub 2 feet. 32 C. FLEXuosus (Thunb. 1. c.) leaves doubly serrated, acu- minated, obliquely cordate, villous ; stem flexuous. fj ? S. Native of Japan. Flowers yellow. /VfXMOUi-stennned Corchorus. Shrub 2 feet. 33 C? Java'nmcus (Burm. ind. 123. t. 36. f. 3.) capsules roundish, hispid ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, equally serrated ; calyxes awned. I; ? S. Native of Java. Perhaps this plant is nearer Mclbchia. Java Corchorus. Shrub ? 34 C. Birma'nni (D. C. prod. 1. p. 505.) capsules awl- shaped, trigonal, 3-celled, 3-valved ; leaves linear-oblong, ser- rated, with the lower serratures setaceous. Ij . S. Native of the Fast Indies. C. trilocularis, Burm. ind. p. 123. t. 37. f. 2. This plant is probably referable to C. trilocularis or to ('. tridcns, but according to the ligure it is distinct from both. Burmann's Corchorus. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 35 C. bifurca'tus (Mill. diet. no. 6.) capsules linear, com- pressed, forked at the apex ; leaves cordate, serrated. ©. S. Native of Jamaica. Flowers palc-ycllow. Capsules 2-celled. TKo-forkcd-c:\\Kn\c<\ Corchorus. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 36 C. flkca'tus (Roxb. hort.beng. p. 42.). ©. S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers yellow. /or/:t(/-capsuled Corchorus. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 37 C. decemanglla'ris (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42.) capsules 10-angIed. ©. S. Native of the East Indies in Bengal. jffH-nn^/crf-capsuled Corchorus. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 38 C. quadrangula" ris ; erect, smooth, branched ; leaves lanceolate, acute, serrated, with the lower serratures setaceous ; stipulas setaceous ; flowers nearly sessile ; capsule long, qua- drangular. O? I; ? H. Native of Sierra Leone. (^i/n(/;vjn^'«/«r-capsuled Corchorus. PI. 1 foot. Cult. Tliis is a genus of trifling plants with small yellow flowers ; therefore they are not worth cultivating, except in botanic gardens. They will thrive best in a light sandy soil, and cuttings of the shrubby kinds will readily root in sand, under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat. The annual species require to be sown on a hot-bed in spring, and when the plants are of sufficient size they should be potted off" into separate pots, and then placed in the greenhouse or stove, or they may be planted out in the open border in a warm sheltered situation about the middle of May, where they will probably ripen seed. VI. HONCKFNYA (in honour of G. A. Honckeney, a cele- brated German cultivator of j)lants.) WilJd. in Ust. del. op. p. 201. t. 4. D. C. prod. 1. p. 506. Lin. syst. Octihulria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals, co- riaceous, hairy on the outside, coloured on the inside. Petals 5, oblong. Stamens 8, with oblong anthers, intermixed with nu- merous capillary threads. Ovary oblong. Style 1. Stigma 6-toothed. Capsules eeliinatcd with prickles, 5-eelled, 5-valved, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds numer- ous, arillate. This shrub is allied on the one side to Spar- mdnnia, and on the other to Apclba. 1 H. FiciFOLiA (Willd. 1. c.) T; . S. Native of Guinea. Leaves clothed on the under surface with brownish tomentum, upper ones spatulate-oblong, toothed, lower ones obtusely 3-5- lobed. Flowers terminal in threes, of a bluish-violet colour. Fig-lcavtd Honckenya. Shrub or Tree. Cult. This plant will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat ; and young cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. VII. TRIUMFE'TTA (in honour of John Baptist Trium- fetti, an Italian botanist, author of observations on the vegeta- tion of plants ; died 1707. It must also distinguish Laclius Triumfetti his brother, once professor of botany at Rome.) Lin. gen. no. 600. D. C. prod. 1. p. 506. LiN. SYST. Dcca-Poly/imlria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-sepalled, blunt, or usually with a point just luider the apex. Petals 5, with the claws ciliated, rarely wanting. Stamens 10-30, free, girded by a narrow urceolus at the base. Glands 5 on the receptacle, opposite the petals. Ovary roundish. Style 1, 2- 5-toothed at the apex. Car|)els 2-5, more or less closely joined into a single fruit, which is beset with hooked juiekles. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell or carpel, hairy. Embryo straight. Shrubs, rarely herbs, with sinqile or 3-lobed leaves, for the most part 3-ntrved at the base. Pedimcles solitary, axillary, 2-3-flowered, but usually crowded, frequently joined at the base, commonly opposite the leaves, or disposed in clustered interrupted racemes on the tops of the branches. Corolla yellow. Pili stellate. Sect. I. LaVi-ula (a dim. of Lajrpa, burdock, resemblance in bristly capsules.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 506. — Triumfetta, Gaert. TILIACE^. Vir. Triumfetta. 545 fniet. 111. Flowers apetaloiis. Carpels closely joined into an unilivisible capsule, with a solitary seed in cacli celL 1 T. la'itula (Lin. spec. G.'37.) leaves roundish, unequally toothed, somewhat villous, 5-nerved, 3-lobed ; lobes acuminate. ^ . S. Native of the West Indies, Brazil, and the Bermudas. T. Plumieri, Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 137. — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 255. Small-bur Triumfetta. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1 739. Shrub 3 to G feet. 2 T. heterophy'lla (Lam. diet. 3. p. ISO.) leaves undivided at the base, lower ones deeply lobed, upper ones oblong, repand. h . S. Native of St. Domingo.— Pluk. araalth. t. 425. f. 3. Var'iahlc-leaved Triumfetta. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 3 T. FiLo sa (Roth. nov. spec. p. 223.) leaves ovate, acumi- nated, entire, unequally serrate, hairy, clothed, with silky to- mentum beneath, hardly emarginatc at the base ; prickles of cap- sule ciliated. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Resembles T. Ldppida verv much. Flowers yellow. PUuse Triumfetta. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. Sect. IL Bartra^mia (in lionour of John Bartram, an An- glo-American botanist,) D. C. prod. 1. p. 50C. Bartramia, Gcert. fruct. t. 111. but not of Hedw. Flowers of 5 petals. Carpels 3-4, not closely connected, and therefore when ripe se- parating into 3-4 parts. Seeds usually 2 in each cell or carpel. 4 T. RiBRiCAULis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 342.) leaves oblong, acuminated, pubescent, serrated, with the lower serratures glandular ; branches puberulous ; peduncles axillary, 2-3-flowered. Ij . S. Native of South America in dry shady places at Caraccas. Branches dark-purple. Stamens 24. Fruit spherical, hairy, 6-celled, indehiscent. Petals 5, yellow. Probably this plant may form a distinct section. Red-stemmed Triumfetta. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 5 T. Bogote'nsis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 506.) leaves ovate-ob- long, acuminated, sharply and doubly toothed, and are as well as the branches pilose ; peduncles 2-3, axillary, at apex 3- flowered. Tj . S. Native of Santa-Fe-de-Bogota. Stamens 10. Fruit globose, 3-celled, echinated. F. pilosa, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 342. but not of Roth. Bogota Triumfetta. Shrub 3 feet ? C T. RQTiNDiFOLiA (Lam. dict. 3. p. 421.) leaves roundish, unequally crenated, covered with white tomentum beneath ; flowers somewhat spiked ; fruit hairy and echinated. ©. S. Native of the East Indies. Leaves 4-5 lines in diameter. Flowers yellow. i?o»nf?-/e«ifrf Triumfetta. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. PL 2 ft. 7 T. suborbiculata (D. C. prod. 1. p. 506.) leaves some- what orbicular, entire, erosely-crenate, almost naked above, but covered with white down beneath ; racemes terminal, loose ; fruit covered with hooked bristles. ^t • '^- Native of the East Indies. T. rotundifolia, Roth. nov. spec. 222. but not of Lam. Stem erect. Flowers yellow. 6«fcor6icu/ar-leaved Triumfetta. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2 feet. 8 T. siTFFRtTicosA (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlccht. Linnsea. 1. p, 637.) stem suffruticose ; leaves ovate, cordate, acuminated, coarsely and unequally serrated, stellately-pilose beneath, yoiuiger and lower leaves halftrifid; peduncles usually 7, extra- axillary, umbellately 3-4-flowered at the apex ; calyx apiculate ; fruit pilose, and covered with long hooked bristles. Tj . S. Native of Java. Flowers yellow. Suffrulicose Triumfetta. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 9 T. grave'olens (Blum, bijdr. 1. c.) leaves ovate, cordate, acuminated, serrated, pilose on both surfaces ; peduncles usually tern, extra-axillary, 3- flowered ; calyx apiculated ; fruit co- voL. I. — part VI. vered with hooked bristles, without any pubescence. 0. S. Native of Java. Flowers yellow. Stro-ng-sccnted Triumfetta. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 10 T. ca"na (Blum, bijdr. 1. c.) leaves ovate-oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, cordate and unequally serrated at the base, beset with stellate pili above, but with stellate tomen- tum beneath ; peduncles 4-6 together, extra-axillary, usually 3- flowered ; calyx tomentose, apiculated ; fruit covered with hook- ed stiff hairs. ©. S. Native of Java. Flowers yellow. Hoary Triumfetta. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 11 T. GLANRULosA (Lam. dict. 3. p. 421.) leaves roundish or broad-ovate, undivided, clothed with velvety tomentiun beneath, toothed, lower teeth glandular beneath ; flowers axillary, upper ones disposed as if they were in a spike ; calyxes pubescent, acuminated ; fruit downy and echinated. V^ ■ S- Native of the JNIauritius. Bartramia, Lam. ill. t. 400. f. 1. Flowers yellow. 67nnf/i. p. .343.) leaves ovate-oblong, cordate, acuminated, doul)ly serrated, pubescent above, covered with soft tomentum beneath ; branches pilose ; Howers axillary. ^1 . S. Native of South America in New Granada near Mariquito. Stamens about 20. Flowers yellow. Fruit echinated, downy. Acum'inalc-\cii\tA Triumfetta. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 39 T. GRANDiFLouA (Valil. ecl. 2. p. 3t.) leaves ovate, rather cordate, acuminated, hairy, unequally serrate, lower teeth glan- dular beneath ; calyxes smooth, pointed ; fruit echinated, with glabrous bristles. fj . S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. Flowers yellow, in axillary umbels. 6Vcrt<-y/o«Tr«/ Triumfetta. Fl. June. Clt. 1810. Shrub 3 ft. 40 T. nemora'lis (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 284. t. 5Q. A.) leaves ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, long-acinninated, serrated, nearly smooth ; flowers with 30 stamens ; teeth of style and cells of ovary 3 ; fruit smooth. >2 . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Leaves with distant glandular ser- ratures at the base. Peduncles usually twin, or disposed in com- pound racemes at tlie tops of the branches. Grove Triumfetta. Fl. April. Shrub G to 7 feet. 41 T. longico'ma (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 285. t. 5G. B.) leaves cordate or obliquely ovate, acuminated, serrated, hardly pubescent; flowers with 25 stamens; teeth of style and cells of ovary 5 ; fruit smooth, echinated. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. Leaves 3-nerved at the base. Peduncles 1, 2, or 3 together, lower ones opposite the leaves, upper ones disposed in compound terminal racemes. Zono--/ia;rc(Z-capsuled Triumfetta. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 42 T. polya'ndra (Moc. et Sesse, fl. max. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 508.) leaves ovate, somewhat cordate, acuminated, rather hairy, serrated ; calyxes smooth, acuminated ; fruit echi- nated witli long hairy bristles. Tj . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers large, yellow. Genitals seated on a thick stipe. Fruit 5-celled. Resembles T. grandijibra. Polyandrous Triumfetta. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 43 T. obova'ta (Deppe in Schlecht. Linnsea. vol. 5. p. Sd.') leaves obovate, rather cordate at the base, and acutish at the top, with a small acumen, serrated, densely tomentose beneath, but rather rough above from hairs ; flowers polyandrous ; fruit large, covered with prickles or strong hairs, these are hardly hooked. T; . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers large, yellow. Fruit the size of a cherry. Ofcoi-fl/e-leaved Triumfetta. Shrub 4 feet. \ Species not sufficiently known. 44 T. procu'mbens (Forst. prod. no. 204.) leaves roundish- cordate, somewhat 3-lobed, tomentose; stem procumbent. — Native of the Society islands. Flowers yellow. Procumbent Triumfetta. Shrub procumbent. 45 T. I'ndica (Lam. diet. 3. p. 420.) leaves ovate rhom- boidal, undivided, hoary beneath ; fruit axillary, with naked prickles. I;.S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers yellow. Perhaps this is the same as T. annua ? Indian Triumfetta. Shrub 3 feet. ■10 T. oxypiiy'lla (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 508.) leaves cordate, acuminated, serrated, villous ; i)ranches of panicle somewhat forked ; sepals linear, acuminated, twice as long as the oblong petals. 1/ . S. Native of New Spain on mountains. Flowers yellow. Sharp-lcavcd Trinmfctta. PI. 2 feet. 47 T. oRLi QUA (Roth. nov. spec. p. 224.) leaves obliquely cordate-oblong, acuminated, undivided, unequally serrated, sca- brous from starry hairs above, clothed with soft tomentum be- neath ; prickles of capsule ciliated. I; . S. Native of ? Flowers complete, yellow. Oblique-leaved Triumfetta. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. N. B. Triumfetta Bartrumia of Lin. spec. p. 638. remains vuidetermined, as all the synonymes given to it belong to dif- ferent species. It is probably a species of Urcna. Cult. All the species are uninteresting weed-like plants. They thrive best in a mixture of loam and peat, and cuttings will root readily in sand under a hand-glass, in heat, but as most of the species ripen seeds in abundance this will be unnecessary. VIII. PO'RPA (from TropTTjj, porpe, a ring ; in allusion to the ring round the stamens.) Bliuii. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. G59. Lin. syst. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-partcd, deci- duous. Petals 5, tomentose on the inside at the base, a little shorter than the calyx. Stamens 26-30, free, girded by a mem- branous rim. Ovary hairy, 8-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. Capsule globose. A genus allied to Triumfetta. 1 P. RE PENS (Blum. 1. c.) Tj . S. Native of Java. A sufTruticose plant, with stalked, 3-lobed, toothed, somewhat cor- date, scabrous leaves, opposite lanceolate stipulas, and solitary, usually 3-flowered peduncles, which arc opposite the leaves. Creeping Porpa. Shrub trailing. Cult. This plant should be propagated and cultivated in the same manner as that recommended for Triumfetta. IX. GRFWIA (in honour of Nehemiah Grew, M.D. F.R.S. an English physician and vegetable physiologist, died 1711.). Juss. ann. 4. p. 82. D. C. prod. 1. p. 508. Lin. gen. LiN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 coriaceous sepals, which are coloured on the inside. Petals 5, with a gland or scale on the inside at the base of each, inserted in the stipe-formed torus. Stamens numerous, rising from the apex of the torus, free ; anthers roundish. Style 1 . Stigma 4- lobed. Drupe 4-lobed, containing from 1 to 4 nuts. Nuts 2-celled, 2-seeded, or from abortion 1 -seeded. Albumen pre- sent. Embryo erect. Spreading shrubs with simple serrated leaves, usually resembling those of the elm, with solitary or ag- gregate few-flowered peduncles. The flowers are downy on the outside, but smooth and usually purple on the inside. § 1. Petals very short or wanting. Leaves 3 rarely 5-nerved. Sepals ^-nerved. 1 G. ape'tala (Juss. ann. 4. p. 93. t. 49. f. 3.) leaves large, 3-nerved, obovate, cuneated at the base, crenulate, roughish ; peduncles usually solitary, branched, racemose ; flowers apeta- lous, 4-cleft. Tj . S. Native of Java. Apelalous Grewia. Slu-ub 6 feet. 2 G. cauda'ta (Wall, in herb. soc. Lin.) leaves smooth, ob- loncr, endino- in a long acumen, 3-nerved at the base ; peduncles axillary, 3-flowered, twin or solitary, about the length of the petioles. Tj . S. Native of Pulo-Penang. G. heteroclita, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 92. ex Wall. Calyx valvate, not nerved. Petals not evident. TailedAeaveA Grewia. Shrub 6 feet. 3 G. MULTiFLORA (Juss. auu. 4. p. 89. t. 47. f. 1.) leaves 4 a 2 548 TILIACE.E. IX. Grewia. large, 3-ncrvcd, ovate-lanceolate, serrated, quite smooth ; pe- duncles aggregate, 3- l-Hoivered. ^ . S. Native of the Phi- lippine Islands. Manij-JloHcrcd Grewia. .Shrub C feet. 4 G. CUAZUM.EFOLIA (Juss. anu. 4. p. 89. t. 48. f. 3.) leaves l.irge, 3-nerved, elliptic, acuminate, smooth above, tomentose beneath, crenate-tootlied, lower teeth glandular ; peduncles soli- tary, 2-3-flowered. ^ . S. Native of Java. G. oblongifolia, Blume. Guazuma-leavcd Grewia. Shrub 6 feet. 5 G. TOMENTOSA (Juss. ann. 4. p. 89. t. 49. f. 1.) leaves large, 3-nervcd, ovate-lanceolate, oblique at the base, tomentose on both surfaces, unequally toothed ; peduncles crowded, short, many-llowcrcd ; ])ctals very minute. I; . S. Native of Java. 7()HR-H; . S. Native of the Coro- mandel coast and the Mauritius. Sonn. voy. 2. t. 138. Leaves like those of Tilia argintea. Flowers small. Berries small, red, and acid. /^jm/ic Grewia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1792. Shnd)12feet. 54 G. sclerophy'lla (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 92.) leaves large, roundish, obtuse, wrinkled, unequally toothed, smooth above and villous beneath ; peduncles axillary, 2-flowered, rather longer than the petioles. I; . S. Native of Saharimpoor. Leaves usually rounded at the apex, but sometimes with a point, 3-5-ncrved at the base. F'lowers rather large. Hard-leaved Grewia. Tree 20 feet. 55 G. suniKyEQUA'Lis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 511.) leaves orbi- cidar, oblique at the base, with 5-7 palmate nerves, acuminated at the a])ex, serrate, pubescent ; peduncles 2-3 together, 2-3- flowered, longer tlian tlie petioles. J; . S. Native of the East Indies. G. arborea. Roth. nov. spec. 247. but not of Forsk. Aliiiost-e(jiial-\ca.\C(l Grewia. Tree 15 feet. 56 G. in.equa'lis (Blum, bijdr, ex Schlecht. Linnaca. 1. p. 657.) leaves usually 5-nerved at the base, ovate-oblong, acu- minated, somewhat cordate at the base, unequally and ol)tusely serrated, covered with stellate pubescence above, but with white tomentum beneath ; peduncles 2-4, axillary, 2-G-flowered, um- bellate, with the pedicels bracteate at the base ; petals oblong, shorter than the calyx. Ij . S. Native of Java. L'nc5«a/-leaved Grewia. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 57 G. ARBOREA (Roxb. hort. beng. 92.) leaves ovate, subcor- date, obtusely serrated, covered with stellate pubescence on both surfaces ; peduncles aggregate, elongated, axillary, umbellately- panicled. f; . S. Native of the East Indies. Leaves 5-nervcd at the base. Tree Grewia. Tree 20 feet. 58 G. viLLosA (Roth. nov. spec. 248.) leaves roundish-ovate, with a short acumen, somewhat cordate at the base, doubly serrate, beset with starry hairs above, and with starry greyish down beneath, rufous on both sin-faces ; peduncles crowded to- gether, 1 -flowered, shorter tlian the petioles, h^ • *'• Native of the East Indies. Resembles 6'. subinccrjiialis. nilous Grewia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1816. Shrub 6 feet. 59 G. ORBICULARIS (Lamb, herb.) leaves roundish-ovate, hoary on both surfaces, rather serrulated ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 3 -flowered. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies. Or6«"/n)--lcaved Grewia. Shrub 10 feet. CO G. abutilif6lia (Juss. ann. 4. p. 92.) leaves bro.id-cor- date, sinuately-angiilar at the apex, unej . H. Native of Europe in sub-mountainous woods. In England frequent in Essex and Sussex. T. Euro- pa'a var. y, Lin. spec. 73.i. T. ulmifolia, Scop. earn. no. 642. T. sylvestris, Desf. cat. hort. par. p. 152. T. parvifolia, Ehrh. ex fl. helv. 1. p. 317. Engl. bot. t. 1705. T. cordata. Mill. diet. Elowcrs small, fragrant, of a greenish-yellow colour in compound umbels. Small-leaved Lime-tree. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. Tree 50 ft. 2 T. EiitoryicA (Lin. spec. 733.) leaves cordate, acuminated, serrated, smooth, except a tuft of hair at the origin of the veins beneath, twice the length of the petioles ; cymes many- flowered ; fruit coriaceous, downy. 1;. H. Native of the north of Europe. In Britain in woods and hedges, or upon grassy declivities. Smith, engl. bot. t. GIO. T. intermedia, Hayne and J^vcnk. bot. t. 40. i". Europa;'a borealis, Walil. ups. 181. Oed. fl. d.an. t. 553. Flowers delightfully fragrant. Pe- t.ils obovate, of a pale-lemon colour. This tree is cultivated all over England, as well as in some parts of Scotland. The French, growing tired of the horse-chesnul, as Du Hamel reports, adopted this tree for ornamental plantations in the time of Louis XIV. It generally composes the avenues about the residences of the French as well as the English gentry of that date, and Fenelon, in conformity to this, decorates with flowering lime-trees his enchanted isle of Calypso. 'J'he inner bark of tiiis, and perhaps some other species, macerated in water, makes the Russia garden-mats, called Bass or Bast-mats. Mr. P. Lindcgaard obtained excellent bass for tying plants, by placing the smooth lateral branches of the tree in water in .April and towards midsiuinner ; the branches were taken uyi when the bark loosened perfectly from the alburnum. It was then ))eeled oft', and w.nshcd in water to make the glutinous matter separate, and hung up to dry. This method of making bass will be found of great importance to gardeners resident in the country at a dis- tance from a town, where the lime-tree abounds. Bees collect much honey from the flowers. The smooth, light, delicately white, and imiform wood is used for some domestic purposes, and by the carver, turner, and nmsical-instrument maker; it served Gibl)ons for his inimitable carvings of flowers, dead game, &c. so often seen in old English houses, the duke of Devonshire's at Chatsworth, choir of St. I'aid's, i\c. It forms an excellent char- coal for gunpowder. An ancient lime-tree of great magnitude, which grew where the ancestors of Linnaeus had long resided, is said to have given them their family name, Linn being the Swedi>li for a lime-tree (Smith.) The famous konno honey is made cxclusivelv from tl.e blossoms of this tree. Near Kowno in TILIACEiE. XIII. TiLiA. XIV. Brownlowia. 553 Litluiani.i there are large forests chiefly of this tree. The lioney produced in these forests sells at more than douhle the price of any other, and is used exclusively in medicine, and for mixing in liqueurs. European Lime-tree. Fl. July. Britain. Tree CO feet. 3 T. KUBRA (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 150.) leaves cordate, unequal at the base, hairy heneatli, as well as the petioles, with a tuft of hair at the origin of each vein ; fruit glohose, even. Tj . H. Native of Tauria, and probably of Greece. In England in Stoken Church woods, and at Malmsbury. T. triflora, Puer. in Horn. cat. 2. p. 493. T. Corinthiaca, Bosc. diet. agr. 13. p. 139. T. corallhia. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 229. T. Europaea, b. rdbra, Sibtli. oxon. 166. T. Europoe'a y. Smith, fl. br. 571. T. Europoea, Mill. diet. ed. 8. no. 2. Branches red. Flowers fragrant. Petals yellowish. This is a good tree to plant in avenues for effect as well as timber. Ticrf-tvvigged Lime-tree. Fl. June, July. Britain. Tree 60 ft. 4 T. platyphy'lla (Scop. earn. no. 641.) leaves cordate, roundish, acuminated, sharply serrated, downy beneatli ; origin of their veins woolly ; branches hairy ; umbels 3-flowered ; fruit woody, downy, turbinate, with 5 prominent angles. Tj . H. Native of Europe in mountain woods. In England in woods and liedges, particularly in Surrey about Dorking and Streaiham. Vent. diss. p. 6. t. 1. f. 2. T. cordifolia, Bess. gal. 1. p. 343. T. Europaj'a, Desf cat. 152. Bull. fr. t. 175. p. 18. T. grandi- f61ia,Ehrh. beitr. 5. p. 158. arb. 8. Smith, engl. fl. 3. Flowers very fragrant. Petals yellowish. T.platyiihylla is the wild lime-tree of Switzerland and the south of Europe, as T. Etiro/ce^a is in the nortli. INIr. E. Forster remarks that T. gramUf uVm occurs in ver}' old plantations in England, as frequently as the T. Eu- ropce a, but not in modern ones. There are very large trees of it at Penshurst, and some at Waltham Abbey, the plantation of which is of very ancient date. Mrs. Beecroft bi-ought a speci- men from Blair of Athol, where are several trees near the house. Some famous old trees of this species in the Church-yard of Sedlitz, in Bohemia, are reported to have miraculously borne liooded leaves ever since the monks of the neighbouring convent were all hanged upon them. ZJroarf-Ztfai'cd Lime-tree. Fl. June, July. Britain. Tree 60 ft. § 2. Petals furnished each with a scale on the inside at the base. — JMosthj American sjiecies. 5 T. gla'bra (Vent. diss. p. 9. t. 2.) leaves profoundly cor- date, abruptly acuminate, sharply serrated, somewhat coriaceous, smooth ; petals truncate and crenate at the apex, equal in length to the style ; fruit ovate, somewhat ribbed. h . H. Native of North America in the woods of Canada, and the northern United States. T. Americana, Lin. spec. 733. Wat. dend. brit. t. 134. S. Caroliniana, Wangh. amer. p. 56. T. Canadensis, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 306. Flowers yellowish and fragrant. This tree is known in North America by the name of Lime or Line-tree, BassKood, and Spoonnood. The wood is useful, and the tree is ornamental. Smooth or Black Lime-tree. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1752. Tree 50 feet. 6 T. laxiflora (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 306.) leaves cor- date, gradually acuminated, serrated, membranaceous, smooth ; panicles loose ; petals emarginate, shorter than the style ; fruit globose, ^i . H. Native of North America from Maryland to Georgia, near the sea-coast. A very distinct species, though generally confounded with T. glabra. Flowers yellowish-white, sweet-scented. Loosc-Jlon'cred Lime-tree. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1820. Tr. 50 ft. 7 T. pube'scens (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 219.) leaves truncate at the base, somewhat cordate and oblique, denticulately serrated, pubescent beneath ; petals emarginate, shorter than VOL. I. PART. VI. the style ; fruit globose, even. ^ . II. Native of North Ame- rica from Virginia to Georgia, in close copses, and on the banks of rivers. Vent. diss. p. 10. t. 3. l)uh. ed. nov. t. 51. IVIichx. fl. arb. amer. 3. p. 318. T. Caroliniana, Mill. diet. no. 4. T. Americana, Walt. fl. carol, p. 153. Wats. dund. brit. 135. The leaves of this tree are much smaller than in the rest of the Ame- rican species. Flowers yellowish, and very fragrant, crowded. Var. /3, leptophylla (Vent. diss. p. 11.) leaves very thin, with a few fine serratures. T. Mississipensis, Desf, hort. par. This will probably prove a distinct species. P«6e4cen<-leavcd Lime-tree. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1720. Tree 40 feet. 8 T. heterophy'lla (Vent. diss. p. 16. t. 5.) leaves ovate, downy beneath, sometimes cordate at the base, sometimes ob- liquely or equally truncate ; fruit globose, with 5 ribs. f; . H. Native of North America on tlie banks of the Ohio and Missis- sippi. T. iilba, Michx. fil. arb. amer. 3. p. 315. t. 2. Perhaps also of Hort. kew. A very handsome and desirable ornamental tree. Flowers yellowish, fragrant. There is a species cultivated in Mexico which is probably identical with this. Various-leaved or White American Lime-tree. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1811. Tree 50 feet. 9 T. a'lba (Waldst. et Kit. pi. hung. 1. p. 3. t. 3.) leaves cordate, somewhat acuminated, and rather miequal at the base, serrated, clothed with white down beneath, but smooth above, 4 times longer than the petioles ; fruit ovate, with 5 obscure ribs. Tj . H. Native of Hungary. Wats. dend. brit. t. 71. T. ar- gentea, Desf hort. par. and D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 150. T. rotundifolia, Vent. diss. p. 13. t. 4. Duham. ed. nov. t. 52. T. tomentosa, Mconch. weiss. 136. Flowers yellowish, and very fragrant. White European or Silvery Lime-tree. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1767. Tree 50 feet. 10 T. petiola Ris (D. C. prod. 1. p. 514.) leaves cordate, acuminated, twice the length of the petioles, serrated, smooth above, but white beneath from close pressed down, ^ . H. Native ? cultivated in the gardens of Odessa. Flowers yellowish. Pt'^io/ar-leaved Lime-tree. Fl. June, July. Tree 50 feet. Cult. All the species ai'e desirable for avenues and parks ; intermixed they will insure a longer succession of blossoms, and an agreeable variety, than any of them alone. The species will grow in almost any kind of soil ; they are easily increased by layers, which should be layed in the autumn, but if seeds can be procured this will be unnecessary, as trees raised from seed are far preferable to those struck from layers. In order to obtain proper shoots for laying, a tree is cut down quite close to the ground, from the roots of which a great number of shoots are produced the following year ; these will be strong enough to lay down the following autumn, especially if the smallest of them are cut off close early in the summer. XIV. BROWNLO'WIA (in honour of the late L.ady Brown- low, daughter of Sir Abraham Hume, a great admirer of bo- tany.) Roxb. cor. 3. p. 61. t. 265. Lin. syst. Polyandria,Monogiinia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Nectaries 5, linear around the style. Style and stigma simple. Stamens numerous, united at the base, inserted round the apex of a turbinate receptacle. Capsule of 1-5, 2-valved, 1-2-seeded carpels. A tree 15 feet in circumference, with large cordate, acute, 7-nerved, smooth leaves. 1 B. ela'ta (Roxb. cor. 1. c.) ^. S. Native of the East Indies. Panicle terminal, conical, spreading. Flowers yellow. To// Brownlowia. Clt. 1823. Tree 100 feet. Cult. This is a tree of great beauty. It will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. 4 B 554 TILIACE.'E. XV. DirtopiinACTiM. XVI. Microstemma. XVII. Mintisgia. XVIII. Apeiba. FIG. 94. XV. DIPLOPHRA'CTUM (from h^rXoor, diploos, double, and f^payfior, pliragmos, a dissepiment ; in allusion to the cells of ilic fruit being divided by transverse dissepiments). Desf. mem. mus. 5. p. 3i. t. 1. Kuntli, malv. p. 15. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. S3I-. in a note. D. C. prod. 1. p. 514. LiN. SYST. Poly6ndria, Afonogi/iiid. Calyx of 5 sepals (f. 91. a.). Petals 5 (f. 94. b.), each furnished with a scale on the inside at the base (f. 91. c). .Stamens numerous, free (f 94. rf.). .Style crowned by 5 aggregate stigmas (f. 94. g.). Cap- sules globose, indebiscent, 5-winged (f. 94. c), 10-cclled (f. 94. /.), cells divided by transverse dissepiments into 1-seeded divisions. Seeds arillate, fixed to the sides of the cells. Em- bryo fleshy, placed at the base of the albumen. — A tree, with oak-like leaves. 1 D. auricuia'tum (Desf. 1. c.) ^ . S. Native of Java. Leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, wrink- led, downy beneath, serrated to- wards the top, oblicpiely aurickd at the base. Stipidas 2 to each leaf, the 1 is of 2-rounded lobes, with a bristle-like appendage rising between these lobes (f. 94. //.), the other is of 1 roimd lobe on one side of a bristle-like appendage (f. 9 1. d.). Flowers rather larger than those of the LIme-lrec, yellow- ish or while, solitary, axillary, and terminal, pedicellate. //«ri(/tJ-leaved Diplophractum. Tree '20 feet. Cult. This tree will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and cuttings will root in sand or mould under a hand-glass, in heat. XVI. MICRO-STEMMA (from /< chaite, the hair of the head ; in allusion to the capsule being covered with innumerable stiff hairs). D. C. prod. l.p. 515. Calyx 5-parted, with 1 of the lobes smaller than the rest. Torus villous. Style short. Stigmas 4-5, simple. Capsules 4-5-celled, 4-5-valved, covered with crowded stiff bristles. 5 S. Sinemarie'nsis (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 534. t. 212.) leaves roundish-ovate, entire ; stipulas long, acuminated, deciduous. Tj . S. Native of Guiana and the West India Islands, particu- larly St. Christopher. Lam. ill. t. 469. S. Aubletii, Sw.artz, fl. ind. occid. p. 490. Wood compact and red. Leaves a foot long. Racemes axillary, each peduncle with a single flower, shorter than the petioles. Flowers small. This tree is pro- bably a species of Abldnia. Sincmaria Sloanea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Tree 50 ft. Sect. IV. Oxya'ndra (from o^ue, oxiis, sharp or pointed, and ai'i]p cii'opoe, aner andros, a male, alluding to the sharp- pointed anthers). D. C. prod. 1. p. 515. Calyx 5-parted; lobes linear-lanceolate, acuminated. Torus small. Style fili- form, long, simple. Capsule, judging from the ovary, is pro- bably destitute of bristles. This is probably a distinct genus. 6 S. corymbiflora (D. C. prod. 1. p. 516.) leaves ovate, acute, entire ; stipidas deciduous ; peduncles axillary, branched, corymbose at the apex, many-flowered. Ij . S. Native of French Guiana. Corymb-flowered Sloanea. Tree 30 feet. Sect. V. ? Foveola'ria (from fovea, a pit-fall ; alluding to the receptacle being honey-combed or pierced). D. C. prod. 1. p. 516. but not of Ruiz and Pav. fl. per. Calyx 4-parted ; lobes ovate-lanceolate, bluntish. Torus distinctly foveolate. Stamens with longish liairy filaments, and elongated, downy, hardly acute anthers. Ovary ovate, villous. Style villous at the base. Stigmas 3. This is perhaps a distinct genus. 4 B 2 556 TILIACfeiE. XX. Esenbeckia. XXI. .\bl.\nia. XXII. Gyrostemon. XXIII. Christiana. XXIV. Liiiea. 7 .S. Berteria'na (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 51G.) leaves ov.itc, tajjcring to botli ends; petioles tiiniid at the base and top ; racemes few-flowered, rather shorter than the petioles. 1; . .S. Native of St. Domingo. Ulieedia lateriflora, Bert, in litt. Flowers small. Bcrtero's Sloanea. Tree 40 feet. Cult. A genus of fine trees with large leaves. They thrive l)cst in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand, under a iiand-glass, in heat. XX. ESENBE'CKIA (in honour of Necs Von Escnbcck, Professor of Botany at Bonn on the Rhine, author of numerous botanical memoirs). Lin. syst. Polijnndria, Monogynla. Calyx 1 -leaved, tur- binate l)ef()re flowering, at length saucer-formed, girded by a ."J-parted deciduous involucel. Petals 5. Stamens numerous, free ; anthers twin. Style 1, crowned by a capitate, 5-angled stigma. Capsule woody, .5-angled, 5-valvcd ; valves with a disse]>iment in the middle of each, and covered on the outside with stitt" bristles. Seeds 3-6 in each cell, adhering to the dis- sepiment. Albumen fleshy. Embryo straight. Cotyledons leafy. A tall tree l;iO feet high, with alternate, oval, refuse quite entire leaves, and lateral many-Howercd peduncles. 1 E. ALTi'ssiMA (Blum. 1. c). ft . S. Native of Java. Thes- pesia altissima, Spieng. syst. app. p. 257. Tallest Esenbeckia. Tree 120 feet. Cult. This tree should be propagated and cultivated in the same manner as that recommended for Sloanea. XXI. ABLA'NLV {A. Guianensis is named Goulougou-ablani by the Caribbces in Guiana). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 585. t. 234. D. C. ))rod. 1. ]). .(Ifi. Trichocarpus, Schreb. gen. no. 923. Lin. syst. I'oliji'inihia, Digi/iila. Calyx 4-5-parted (pro- bal)ly valvate in the bud). Petals wanting. Stamens numerous, with unconnected filaments and roundish anthers. Ovary ovate. Styles 2, bifid. Capsules 4-valved, 1-celled; valves covered on the outside witli stifl' bristles. .Seeds numerous, covered with aril, fixed to the free jjlacenta. A genus not sufficiently known, but is allied to Sloanea and Bixa. 1 A. Gl'iane'nsis (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 585. t. 234.) leaves oblong, waved ; flowers corymbose. I; . .S. Native of Guiana in woods. Lam. ill. t. 479. A. laurifolia, Pers. ench. 2. p. 81. 'J"richocari)us laurifolius, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1224. Flowers corymbose, axillary. Guiana Ablania. Tree 50 feet. 2 A. uigita'ta (Spreng. syst. aiipeiul. p. 210.) leaves digi- tate, smooth, shining ;ibove ; leaflets oblong, serrulate ; flowers corymbose. ^^ . S. Native of Brazil at Rio Grande. /J/'ifiVu/c-leaved Ablania. Tree 40 feet. Cult. I'hese fine trees will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and ripened cuttings will root in sand, under a hand- glass, in heat. XXII. GYROSTl'V MON (from yvpoc, gyros, a circle, -rr,,/iwr, slcmon, a stamen ; in allusion to the stamens being twisted round each other in a circular manner). Desf. mem. mus. G. p. 1(3. and 8. p. 115. D. C. prod. 1. p. 516. LiN. SYST. Dioic'ia, I'ohjandria. Flowers dioecious. Calyx spreading, 6-7-lobed. Petals wanting. Stamens in the male flowers numerous, twisted .ibout each other; filaments wanting; aiiilicrs l-lobed, 2-cellcd, seated on a naked receptacle. Ova- ries ill the female flowers 20-40, disposed in a whorl around the central axis, each bearing 1 style. Carpels capsular, mem- branous, 2-valved, 1 -seeded. Seeds incurved, transversely striated, adhering to the upper part of the free central axis of the fruit. Embryo incurved, placed at the base of a horny albumen ; cotyledons linear, parallel. Smooth, branching shrubs from New Holland. Probably more nearly allied to Mahacece or Euphorb'iacco'. 1 G. RAMULOsf.M (Desf. mem. mus. C. p. 17. t. 6.) leaves linear, almost sessile. I; . G. Native of New Holland on the sterile islands. Male flowers pale-yellow. This shrub resembles a species of E'phedra when dry. Flowers solitary, axillary. Br«Mc/i<(/ Gyrostemon. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 2 G. coTiNiioLivM (Desf. mein. mus. 8. p. IIO. t. 10.) leaves ovate, roundish, stalked. Ij. G. Native of New Holland at a place called Bayc des c/iicns marins. Flowers in racemes. Cotinus-lcavcd Gyrostemon. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. These shrubs will thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat and sand ; and ripened cuttings will root in sand, under a hand-glass. XXIII. CHRISTIA'NA (in memory of Christian Smith or Schmidt, M. D., a young Norwegian botanist of great promise, who went out with Captain Tuckey in his unfortunate expedi- tion to explore the Congo river, on the south-western coast of Africa, where he died, as well as most of the otticers and crews). R. Br. Congo, p. 9. D. C. prod. 1. p. 510. LiN. SYST. Polyandria, Mouogynia. Calyx 3-lobed. Pe- tals 5. Stamens indefinite. Capsules 5, capsular, 1 -seeded, connected at the base. This genus is hardly known. It is allied to Venlcniitia, 1 C. Africa'na (D. C. prod. 1. p. 516.). I; . S. Native of Africa at the river Congo, where it was detected by the unfor- tunate Christian Smith. African Christiana. Shrub. Cull. If ever this shrub should be introduced into Europe, we would recommend its being grown in a mixture of loam, peat and sand ; and ripened cuttings will probably root in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat. XXIV. LUHE\\ (in honour of Charles Van der Luhe, a German botanist, who has wrote on the plants of the Cape of Good Hope). Willd. act. soc. nat. scrut. berol. 3. p. 409. t. 5. Luhea et Alegria, D. C. prod. 1. p. 517. Lin. syst. Polyadelphia, J'olydiidria. Involucel short, 6-9-12- parted. Calyx y-jiartcd. Petals 5, with anadnategland at the claw- on the inner side. Stamens numerous; filaments awl-shaped, pilose at the base, and are joined at the bottom into 5 bundles. Stamen scales, or nectaries 5, ])encilled or fringed ; anthers roundish, 2-celled, at length versatile. Style thick, gr.-idually dilated from the base to the apex. Sti;j;ma 5-lobed, perforated, papillose. Capsules 5-angled, 5 -celled, 5-valved, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve, few or nianj'-seeded. Seeds disposed in 2 rows on the margins of the dissepiments, winged at the apex. Albumen fleshy. Cotyledons leafy. This is a fine genus of trees, allied on the one side to Grhvia and on the other to Ajuiba. Leaves alternate, distich, on short footstalks with ])n)- ininent nerves beneath. Flowers sometimes solitary, terminal, but usually dichotomously branched ; cymes axillary and tcr- min.al, frecpiently jjanicled and racemose. Bracteas under the forks. Pili stellate. Calyx valvate, and petals twisted in aesti- vation. Corolla white, rarely red. 1 L. si'EciosA (Willd. 1. c. and spec. 3, p. 1434.) leaves ovale, blunt, une(|ually toothed, smooth above and hoary beneath, 3- nerved ; racemes terminal, simple, few-flowered. Ij . S. Na- tive of Brazil. I'lowers white. S/iewy Luhea. Tree 30 feet. 2 L. i>i;nsifi,6ra (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 294.) leaves broad- obovate, short-acuminate, ([uite entire at the base, pale-rufes- cent beneath ; flowers disposed as if they were in a crowded TILIACE^. XXIV. LuHEA. XXV. Mollia. XXVI. Vatica. XXVII. Espera. 557 panicle, each flower on a short, thick pedicel ; outer calyx 9- parteil, with linear-lanceolate segments ; petals oblong, some- what rhoniboidal ; stamen scales fringed at the apex. Ij . S. Na- tive of l?ra/,il. Petals silky at the bottom, but smooth, denti- culated, and curled at the top. Dcnsc-Jlomred Luhea. Fl. Jan. Tree 1 0 to 20 feet ? 3 L. GRANDiFi.oRA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 99. t. 59.) leaves broad-ovate, somewhat unequal-sided, acute, luiequally serrated, pubescent above and white tomentose beneath ; flowers panicu- lately cyniose ; pedicels long, bractcate, and are as well as the calyxes covered with brown olive tomentum ; segments of outer calyx cordate, acute ; petals rhoniboidal ; stamen scales free, entire, ciliately jagged at the apex. I; . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes in mountain woods. Petals dilated at the base, bearded at the claws, ending in a lanceolate-spatulate white limb. Involucel S-parted, (Mart.) Great-Jloivcred Luhea. Tree 20 feet. 4 L. I'ANicuLATA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 100. t. G2.) leaves broad-ovate, bluntish or acutish, cordate at the base ; somewhat unequal-sided, of a rufous-white colour beneath, unequally ser- rated, floral ones smallest ; cymes at the tops of the branches dis- posed in a large leafy panicle, each flower on a short pedicel ; outer calyx 9 -parted with lanceolate segments ; petals rhom- boidal ; stamen scales multifid even to the base, bearded. Ij . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals with short fleshy claws and an obovate, subemarginate, rose-coloured or white limb, pubescent at the base. The inhabitants of Brazil use the bark of this tree to tan leather under the name of Acocta caralhos. Panicled-Ronered Luhea. Fl. Mar. April. Tree 10 to 20 ft. 5 L. divarica'ta (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 101.) leaves oblong or obovate, unequal-sided, with a short acumen, unequally ser- rate, but q\iite entire at the base, smooth above but hoary beneath ; flowers dichotomously panicled; peduncles divaricate, cymose ; pedicels short, thick ; outer calyx 6-parted, with linear, acute segments ; petals obovate ; stamen scales dissected even to the middle. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of St. Paul. Corolla rose-coloured ; petals obovately orbicular, broadish at the claws and covered with long, dense hairs, the rest smooth, yellow at the base. Divaricate-]}ed\\nc\ed Luhea. Tree 30 feet. 6 L. viLLosA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 102.) leaves broad-ovate, acutish, denticulated, equal-sided ; flowers panicled ; fruit vil- lous. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Bahia. Villous Luhea. Tree 20 feet. 7 L. ca'ndicans (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 102.) leaves ovate- oblong, denticulately serrated, white beneath from tomentum ; flowers subsolitary. fj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Bahia. Flowers white. WhitcAtiAxcA Luhea. Tree 20 feet. 8 L. ca'ndida (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 102.) leaves ovate-ser- rated, on short petioles, white beneath ; involucel 10-12-parted ; stamens a little joined at the base; stamen scales fringed, di- vided even to the base. Tj . S. Native of Mexico. Alegria Candida, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 517. A shewy tree with white flowers about the size of those of a single rose. /r/;;7c-flovvered Luhea. Tree 30 feet. 9 L. UNitLORA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 290.) leaves ovate, acute, entire at the base, pale-ruiescent beneath ; flowers soli- tary on short thick pedicels ; outer calyx 9-parted ; segments linear-lanceolate ; petals oblong, linear ; stamen scales capil- laceous. Ij . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. Petals white, hairy and ciliated at the base, the rest smooth. This species appears to approach L. cdndicans. One-Jlo7vered huhea, Fl. Dec, Tree 15 feet. 10 L. RUFE'scENs(St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 293. t. 293. A.) leaves elliptic or obovate, short-acuminate, subcordate at the base, rufescent beneath ; flowers loosely cymose, each flower on a long pedicel ; outer calyx 9-parted, with linear lanceolate seg- ments ; petals oblong, obovate ; stamen scales fringed at the apex. Ij . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals white, curled, silky-pubescent above the base, the rest smooth. Rufescent Luhea. Fl. April. Tree 20 feet. 1 1 L. LAXiFLORA (St. Hil. fl. bras. I. p. 293.) leaves ellip- tical, short-acuminate, quite entire at the base, pale-rufescent beneath ; flowers disposed as it were in few-flowered lax ra- cemes, each flower on a long pedicel ; outer calyx 9-parted, with lanceolate, acuminated segments ; petals oblong-ovate ; stamen scales fringed at the top. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of Minas Geraes and Minas Novas. Petals white, pubescent and entire at the base, but smooth, denticulated, and curled at the apex. Louse-Jlowei-ed JjVihea. Fl. May. Shrub 10 feet. Cull. Luhea is a genus of fine broad-leaved trees with shewy white or red flowers. They will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and cuttings not too ripe will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. All the species are wortb cultivating. XXV. MO'LLIA (in honour of L. B. de Moll, Counsellor of State to the King of Bavaria, a patron of natural history). Mart. fl. bras. l.p. 9G. Schlechtendalia, Spreng. syst. app. p. 295. Lin. syst. Polyadelphia, Polijandria. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5. .Stamens divided into many bundles, disposed in many series, outer series divided into 5 bundles, inner one indeter- minately joined. Style simple. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved to the middle, without a central column. Seeds awl-shaped, nu- merous, disposed in 2 series in each cell. A middle-sized tree with ahernate simple, stalked, stipulate leaves, and axillary aggregate stalked flowers. 1 M. sPECibsA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 97. t. GO.) leaves ovate, repandly- toothed at the apex, smooth, covered with small scales beneath ; flowers axillary, subcorymbose. Tj . S. Native of Brazil near the bar of the Rio Negro. Petals white, a little shorter than the calyx, finely serndated at the tip. Shen'ii Mollia. Tree 10 to 20 feet. Cult. This tree should be propagated and cultivated in the same manner as that recommended for Luhea. XXVI. VA'TICA (from Vaticanus, god of the prophets, which is derived from rates, divine. This tree is said to be employed by the people of China in some religious ceremonies). Lin. niant. 2. p. 152. D. C. prod. 1. p. 517. Lin. syst. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft ; lobes acute, probably valvate in the bud. Petals 5, hoary on the outside, obovate-oblong, twisted in the bud. Anthers 15, ses- sile, ovate, 4-celled, 3 in front of each petal. Ovary 5-angled. Style 1, crowned by a 3-lobed stigma. Capsule 3-celled? cells 1-seeded? Smith. This genus is not sufficiently known. 1 V. CiiiNENSis (Lin. mant. 2. p. 152.). T; . G. Native of China. Smith, icon. ined. t. 36. Lam. ill. t. 397. A shrub with angular branches, alternate cordate-oblong blunt quite entire leaves and panicles of flowers. The 2 outer cells of an- thers terminated each in a spine. Chinese Vatica. Tree 40 feet. Cull. A mixture of loam and sand will suit this tree, and ripened cuttings will root in sand, under a hand-glass. XXVII. E'SPERA (perhaps from tmrtna, espera, the even- m' ; application not evident). Willd. act. soc. nat. cur. berol. 3.°p. 449. D. C. prod. 1. p. 517. 558 TILIACE^. XXVIII. Berrya. XXIX. Ecthemis. XXX. Xeropetalum. EL^OCARPE^. Li\. svsT. Polyandria, Monogijnia. Calyx 4-partcd, spreading. Petals 6, permanent, 3 times as long as the calyx. Stamens numerous, with capillary filaments and roundisli anthers. Style 1. Stigma 1. Capsule oblong, 4-C-winged, t-G-celled ; ceils 1 -seeded. Seeds roundish, hairy. Allied to //uwiir/a and Sloanca according to Jussieu, 1 E. cokdif6lia (Willd. 1. c). Jj . S. Native of? A shrub with alternate, stalked, cordate, quite entire leaves and terminal panicles of flowers. Ilcart-lcaved Espera. Shrub 5 feet. Cull. This shrub will thrive well in a mixture of turfy loam and peat ; and cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XXVIII. BERRYA (in honour of Dr. Berry, a friend of Roxburgh's, who first introduced this tree into the botanic gar- don at Calcutta). Roxb. cor. 3. p. 59. 1.204. D. C. prod. 1. p. .^IG. Lin. syst. Polyandria, Alonogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals, which are connected before expansion, but afterwards separating irregularly, downy on the outside but coloured within, soon falling ofl'. Petals 5, oblong. Stamens numerous ; filaments unconnected (or joined at the base) ; anthers small, 2-celled. Ovary 1, sessile, 3-\vinged. Style 1. Stigma trigonal, capi- tate. Capsule roundish, 3-celled, 3-valved, G-winged, each valve bearing 2 horizontal wings on the back, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve within. Seeds 2 in each cell, large, ovate-globose, covered with stiff hairs. A tree with broad, cor- date, entire leaves, and spreading terminal panicles of small whitish -yellow flowers. I B. amomi'lla (Roxb. cor. I. c). ^^ . S. Native of Cey- lon. Branches round, smooth. Leaves alternate, without sti- pulas, stalked, ovate, acuminate, entire, smooth, 7-nerved at the base. Amoin'iUa is the Cingalese name of the tree. y^»io»i('//rt Berrya. CIt. 1810. Tree 3G feet. Cult. This tree will succeed well in a mixture of turfy loam and peat ; and cuttings will root readily if planted in sand or mould under a hand-glass, in heat. XXIX. EUTIIE'MIS (from tvOqfiioy, cuthemon, neat or pretty ; in allusion to the elegance and neatness of the shrubs). .Jack, in mal. misc. 1. Wall in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 303. Lin. syst. Pcnlandria, Monogijnia. Calyx inferior, of 5- sepals. Pct.ils 5. Stamens 5, liypogj'nous. Anthers adiiate, bursting at the apex, with 2 pores. Style filiform. Stigma sim- ple. Berry .O-seedcd. Seeds disposed round the axis, enclosed in a fibrous aril, albuminous, oblong, angular. Embryo inverse, cylindrical, almost as long as the seed, with a superior radicle. — Small shrubs, with simple, serrated, alternate, stipulate leaves, and racemes of flowers. This genus agrees with Tiliacece in the stipulate leaves and entire petals, but with ElceocArpece in the anthers bursting by 2 pores at the apex. 1 E. leucoca'kta (Jack, 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, beautifully spiny-serrated ; racemes branched at the b:ise ; stipulas lanceo- late, ciliated, soon falling ofl"; fruit globose, white. •; . S. Native of the forests of Singapore. This is a shrub of uncommon ele- gance and beauty. Corolla white, tinged with purple. Anthers longer than the filaments, ending in a long point, which is a little twisted. While-fruited Euthemis. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 2 E. mi'nor (.lack, 1. c.) leaves narrow-lanceolate, slightly serrulated ; stipulas linear, ciliated ; racemes imdivided ; berry red, angular, acuminated. Ij . 8. Gathered along with the preceding. Corolla white. Anthers yellow, ending in a long •ncumen. Smaller Euthemis. Shrub 2 feet. 3 E. ? eleoanii'ssima (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. vol. 2. p. 30.').) leaves elliptic-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, finely acuminated, sharply and niinutelv serrulated, tlie nerves reticu- lated, and uniting into 2 or more submarginal arches. h . S. Native of the forests of .Singapore. Stipulas sublaciniate, and deeply divided into filiform long teeth. Flowers not seen. I'cri/-clcgant-h-aveil Euthemis. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. Cult. This is a gentis of elegant shrubs, none of which have )'ct been introduced to the gardens. A mixture of sand and loam will probably suit the species, and perhaps ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-gl.iss, in heat. XXX. XEROPE'TALUM (from £.,poc, xcros, dry, and TTtraXoi', petalon, a petal ; petals permanent.) Raf. Delil. in Guilliaud, voy. meroe. ex bull, scien. nat. June, 1827. p. 256. LiN. SYST. Poly/indria, Monogijnia. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, nerved, obovate, cmarginate, rather oblique, and are as well as the calyx and stamens permanent. Stamens about 20, 5 of these are sterile. Capsule 3-valved, 3-celled. This is a very doubt- ful genus. 1 X. quinquese'tdm (Raf. Delile, 1. c.) »; ? G. Native of the north of Africa at Meroe. Flowers in panicled racemes, disposed in 2-4-radiated umbels. Five-bristled Xeropetaluni. Shrub ? Cult. This plant will probably succeed well in a mixture of turfy loam and s.ind ; and cuttings will perhaps root in sand imder a hand-glass. Order XXXV. ELJEOCAHVEJE (plants agreeing with Elceocdrj)us in important characters.) Juss. am. mus. 1 1. p. 223. D. C. prod. 1. p. 519. Calyx of 4-5 sepals, n.nked on the outside. Sepals valvate in the bud. Petals 4-5, hypogynous, alternating with the sepals, fringed or lobed at the top (f. 95. i.). Receptacle glandular, somewhat exserted. Stamens 15-20 (f. 95. a.); filaments short, unconnected ; .anthers elongated, filiform, tetragonal, 2-celled ; cells opening at the top by an oblong pore. Ovary (f. 95. c. rf.), many-celled. Style 1 (f. 95. d.). Seeds 2 or many in each cell. Albumen fleshy. Embryo erect, with flat leafy cotyle- dons.— Shrubs or trees, with alternate, simple, stipulate leaves. This order is very nearly allied to Tiliacece, but is distinguished from it by the lobed petals, and the anthers opening by 2 pores at the apex. Synopsis of the Genera. 1 El.eoca'rpus. Sepals 5. Petals 5, jagged at the apex (f. 95. b.). Anthers ending in bristles. Drupe containing 1 -nu- cleus, which is furrowed and wrinkled, 5-celled (f. 95. b.), or from abortion only 1 -celled. 2 AcERA^TivM. Sepals 5. Petals 5, fringed at the apex, with broad ciliated claws. Anthers pubcrulous, destitute of the terminal bristles. Fruit unknown. 3 Di'cERA. Sepals 4-5. Petals 4-5, 3-lobed at the apex. Anthers 20-30, linear, each ending in 2 bristles. Capsule 2- celled ? cells many-seeded. 4 Frie" siA. Calyx 4-parted. Pet.-ils 4, 3-lobed at the apex. Anthers 12, cordate, oblong, acuminated, bursting at the top. Berry dry, rather stipitate, indchiscent, 2-4-furrowed, 2-4- celled ; cells 2-seeded. 5 Acrono'dia. Flowers dioecious. Male flowers. Calyx of EL.EOCARPEiE. I. El/eocarpus. 559 FIG. 95. 4 sepals. Petals 4, linear, erose at the apex. Anthers 8-12, linear, puberulous, destitute of terminal bristles. Female flowers unknown. G Va'llea. Sepals 5. Petals o, triful, with 5 scales under the claws, which adhere to the petals, and w ith a ring of glands around the torus. Anthers 30-40, mutic, bursting at the top. Capsule 3-4-valved, muricated, 4-5-celled ; cells 2-seeded. 7 Tricuspida'kia. Calyx 5-tootlied. Petals 5, tricuspidate, with a ring of glands around the 10-angled torus. Anthers 15, mutic, opening at the apex. Capsule ii-valved, 3-celled, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds few. 8? Decadia. Calyx S-partcd. Petals 10, obovate, serrat- ed. Stamens 10, seated on the base of the petals ; anthers roundish. Drupe containing a 5-celled nut. I. EL^OCA'RPUS (from eXaia, ela'ia, an olive, and KapTroe, karpos, a fruit ; the fruit is round, containing a nut furnished with rugosities, which has been compared to an olive.) Lin. gen. 605. D. C. prod. 1. p. 519. Lin. syst. Polyandria, JMonogynia. Calyx 5-sepalled. Petals 5, jagged at the apex (f. 95. h.). Anthers ending in bristles. Drupe containing a rugged-furrowed, 5-celled nut, (f. 90. /.) or only 1 -celled from abortion. Trees with white, but not diu'able wood. Flowers small, usually fragrant ; the fruit is eatable, and the hard rugose stones are manufactured into necklaces set in gold. 1 E. serra'tis (Lin. spec. 734.) leaves with glands in the axils of the veins beneath, elliptic-oblong, serrated, acuminated ; racemes ax- illary or lateral, drooping; fruit glo- bose ; nut wrinkled and furrowed. >> . S. Native of the East Lidies. — Burm. zeyl. 59. t. 40. Ga- nitrus sphae'rica, Gart. fr. 2. p. 271. t. 139. f. 6. Flowers white, but purplish before opening, sweet- scented. SerratedAesiveA Elaeocarpus. Fl. March to Oct. Clt. 1774. Tree 50 feet. 2 E. Gani'trus (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42.) leaves elliptic-lan- ceolate, repand-toothed, acumi- nated, younger ones pubescent ; racemes simple, lateral. \^ . S. Native of tlie East Indies. Ganitrus, Rumph. amb. 3. p. 162. t. 101. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Gan'iter Elaeocarpus. Tree 40 feet. 3 E. Pe'rim-ka'ra (D. C. prod. 1. p. 519.) leaves ovate- lanceolate, serrated ; flowers racemose ; fruit ovate ; nut even. Ij . S. Native of Malabar Rheed. raal. 4. p. 51. t. 24. Racemes terminal. Flowers white, sweet-scented. This tree is called Perim-hara by the inhabitants of Malabar. Fruit eatable. Perim-kara Elaeocarpus. Tree 40 feet. 4 E. cya'nebs (Sims, hot. mag, t. 1737.) leaves oblong-lan- ceolate, serrated, netted with veins ; racemes axillary, close- flowered ; fruit somewhat globose ; nut almost even. ^2 • Gr- Native of New Holland. Flowers white. Drupe blue. E. re- ticulatus. Smith in Rees' cycl. ex Ker. bot. reg. t. 657. E. cya- neus, Lois. herb. amat. t. 237. /?/«e-fruited Elaeocarpus. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1803. Tree 15 feet. 5 E. obova'tus ; leaves obovate-oblong, tapering to the base, obtuse at the apex, entire or serrated towards the apex ; racemes numerous, crowded-flowered, fj . S. Native of New Holl.ind. Flowers white, smaller than those of E. cyiineus. O6or«?c-leaved Elaeocarpus. Shrub. 6 E. STRi'cTus (Lamb, herb.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, coria- ceous, tapering to the base, serrated, silky beneath ; racemes simple, axillary. Ij . S. Native of New Zealand. Flowers crowded, white. Straight Elaeocarpus. Tree 15 feet. 7 E. mono'ceras (Cav. icon. 6. p. 1. t. 501.) leaves lanceolate, cuneated at the base, serrated at the top ; racemes axillary. \ . S. Native of the island of Luzon, and at the town of Bannos. Ovary 2-celled ? Anthers furnished with 1 bristle at the apex. Flowers of a rusty-red colour. One-Aorncrf-anthered Elaeocarpus. Tree 20 feet. 8 E. RUGosus (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42.) leaves large, elliptic or obovately-oblong, acuminated, abrupt at the base, repandly- serrated ; anthers ending in 1 bristle each ; petals 2-lobed, jagged ; racemes simple, axillary. ^^.S. Native of Chittagong. Flowers large, white. Anthers with beardless valves. 7r;;/i/t/tf/-leaved Elaeocarpus. Tree 20 feet. 9 E. iNTEGRiFOLius (Lam. diet. 2. p. 604.) leaves obovate- oblong, obtuse, quite entire ; racemes axillary, longer than the leaves ; flowers 4-cleft. ^ . S. Native of the Mauritius. Flowers white. Anthers beardless. Entire-leaved Elaeocarpus. Tree 20 feet. 10 E. OBLONGUS (Smith in Rees' cycl. no. 2.) leaves ovate- oblong, acute, quite entire ; drupe ovate-oblong, 1 -seeded. J;. S. Native of the Moluccas. Ganitriun oblongum, Rumph. amb. 3. p. IC3. t. 102. Ga;rt. fruct. l.p. 202. t. 43. Racemes axillary. Flowers white. Fruit eatable. 06/o»g-leaved Elaeocarpus. Tree 40 feet. 11 E. intege'rrimus (Lour. coch. 1. p. 412.) leaves lanceo- late, quite entire ; flowers axillary, crowded. Ij . G. Native of Cochin-china.' Flowers sweet-scented, of a golden-colour. Drupe black, somewhat ovate. This plant is cultivated in China for the sweetness and beauty of its flowers. Very-entire-Xe&veA Elaeocarpus. Tree 20 feet. 12 E. sylve'stris (Poir. suppl. 294.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrated ; spikes almost terminal ; glands of receptacle 2-lobed ; drupe 1-seeded. Tj . G. Native of Cochin-china in woods. Adenodus sylvestris. Lour. coch. 294. Branches spreading. Flowers white, varying to red. IVild Elaeocarpus. Tree 20 feet. 13 E. ni'tidus (Mai. misc. 1. no. 2. p. 41.) leaves ovate-lan- ceolate, serrated ; racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves ; stamens 15 ; nut 5-celled, 4 of which are for the most part abor- tive. Tj . S. Native of Pulo-Pinang. Flowers white. (S'/jm/njO'-leaved Elaeocarpus. Tree 20 feet. 1 4 E. ELLi'pTicus (Smith in Rees' cycl. no. 3.) leaves smooth, "landless ; calyxes acute ; ovary globose, with 5 little scales at the base. T^ . S. Native of? Lin. mant. 2. p. 401. in a note. Flowers white ? Ellijitic-XeSived Elaeocarpus. Tree. 15 E. lanceola'tus (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linn»a. 1. p. 659 and 660.) leaves lanceolate, bluntish and remotely ser- rated at the top ; racemes axillary, longer than the leaves, nod- ding ; pedicels longer than the petioles ; drupe oval ; nut wrink- led, and covered witli recurved prickles. I^ . S. Native of Java. Flowers white. Lanceolale-\e3.\eA Elaeocarpus. Tree 20 feet. 16 E.OBTUsus (Blum. 1. c.) leaves obovate-oblong, bluntish, mucronately-serrated above the base ; racemes axillary, and are as well as the petals silky ; pedicels longer than the petioles. ij.S. Native of Java. Flowers white. lAke E. monoceras. 560 ELiEOCARPEyi;. I. El.eocarpus. II. Aceratiim. III. Dicera. IV. Friesia. Ofc/we-leaved Elaocarpus. Tree 20 feet. 17 E. macropuy'llus (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oval-oblong, ob- tuse, rounded at tbe base ; repandly serrated ; stipulas semi-or- bicular, leafy ; racemes axillary, shorter tban tbe leaves ; fruit oval, smooth. (; . S. Native of Java. Flowers white. Lonn-kavcd Elajocarpus. Tree 80 feet. 18 E. cla'ber (Blum. 1. c.) leaves ovate or oval-oblong, obtuse, rounded at the base, mucronately serrated ; racemes axillary, nodding, exceeding the leaves in length ; petals fringed. J; . S. Native of Java. Flowers white. Smooth Elaeocarpus. Tree 20 feet. 19 E. RESiNOsis (Blimi. 1. c.) leaves oval-oblong, acuminat- ed, bluntisli at the base, obsoletely serrated, with glands at the origin of the veins beneath ; racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves ; petals fringed, villous on the inside. \ . S. Native of Java. Flowers white. Resinous Elasocarpus. Tree 50 feet. 20 E. ANGUSTiFOLius (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at bolli ends, serrulated above the base ; racemes axillary, shorter than the loaves ; fruit globose ; nut wrinkled, somewhat furrowed. l^ . S. Native of Java. Flowers white. Narroif-lcavcd Ehcocarpus. Tree. 21 E. floribu'ni)i.:s (Blum. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acu- minated at the apex, acute at the base, bluntly-serrated, coria- ceous, very smooth ; racemes axillary, nodding, equal in length to the leaves; petals fringed. Jj . S. Native of Java. BtDidlc-Jloneriil Elaeocarpus. Tree. 22 E. LONGiFoLiLs (BKuD. 1. c.) Icavcs oblong, acuminate, acute at tbe base, repandly mucronulate ; racemes shorter than the leaves, covered with silky down ; petals fringed. Jj . S. Native of Java. Flowers white. I.otif'-lcaved Ela30carpus. Tree. 23 E. stipila'ris (Blum. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acumi- nated, with the veins on the under surface pubescent ; stipulas ovate, deeply serrated ; racemes axillary, velvety-tonientose, equal in length to the leaves ; fruit oval, ij . S. Native of Java. Flowers white. Largc-stiiiulcd Elaocarpus. Tree 60 feet. 24 E. TOMENTosus (Blum. 1. c.) leaves ovate, acuminate, roundish at the base, with bristle-like teeth, velvety-tomentose beneath, as well as branches ; racemes axillary, elongated, tj . S. Native of Java. Flowers white. Dotvny Elajocarpus. Tree. 25 E. i'lbe'scens (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42.) leaves oppo- site, oblong, pubescent, membranous, rather cordate at the base ; branches villous as well as the young leaves ; racemes com- pound ; sepals awl. shaped. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies. Ovary villous, mucronate with the style. Flowers white, rather large. Pubescent Ehcocarpus. Tree. t Species only known by name from Roxburgh's Hort us Ben- galensis, p. 42 and 92, but some of these are probably identical with some of those described above. 2C E. aristatus, Koxb. Silhet. 27 E. serrnli\tus, Roxb. Tinnevilly. 28 E. roliiistus, Roxb. Silhet. 29 E. liicidus, Roxb. Chittagong. 30 E. lanceafolius, Roxb. Silhet. 31 E. tuberculatus, Roxb. Chittagong. 32 E. pilosus, Roxb. Mas- cal Island. Cult. Eleeocurpus is a very curious and ornamental genus of trees. They will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat; and ripe cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass ; those of the stove species in boat. Seeds of some of the species will rijien, if pains be taken to fertilize the stigmas when they are in full bloom. The green-house species are well adapted for a conservatory. II. ACER.VTIU.M (from a, priv. and wpar, A-craj, a horn ; because the stamens are destitute of the terminal bristles, which are so conspicuous in the preceding and following genus). D. C. prod. 1. p. 519. Lin. syst. Dodccamlria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5, jagged at the apex, with broad ciliated claws. Anthers downy, destitute of terminal bristles. Style 1. Fruit unknown. 1 A. orrosiTiFOLitM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 519.). \ . S. Na- tive of Amboyna. Leaves opposite, elliptic-oblong, rather j)u- bescent on the nerves, furnished with a few mucronated teetli. Peduncles terminal, 3-flowercd. Flowers white ? Opposite-lcaied AccraUum. Clt. 1818. Tree. Cult. This tree will thrive well in a inixture of loam and peat, and ripe cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. III. DI'CERA (from ?if, dis, double, and iccpac, heras, a horn ; in allusion to the anthers being terminated by 2 bristles). Forst. gen. t. 40. I). C. prod. 1. p. 520. Lis". SYST. Dodecdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 or 5 sepals. Petals 4-5, 3-lobed at the top. Anthers 12-20, linear, each terminated by 2 bristles. Capsules (in Z>. dcntiita, which is the type of the genus,) 2-celled ; cells many-seeded. Shrubs with laurel-like leaves. 1 D. denta'ta (Forst. gen. p. 80.) leaves alternate, oblong, serrate-toothed at the top ; racemes axillary ; flowers monogy- nous ; capsules of 2, many-seeded cells. Ij . G. Native of New Zealand. EUtocarpus dent^tus, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 07. Eriostemon, Col. hort. rij). t. 30. Filaments of stamens hairy. Flowers white. A rambling shrub. Too^/icfZ-leaved Dicera. Fl. July. Clt. 1818. Shrub 10 ft. 2D.? sekra'ta (Forst. gen. p. 80.) leaves opposite, ovate, doubly serrated ; racemes com))ound ; flowers tetragynous ; berry of 4, 2-seeded cells. I; . G. Native of New Zealand. Elc-Eocarpus Dicera, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 67. Flowers white ? Perhaps a distinct genus or a p])ecies of Friesia, -Serra/frf-leavcd Dicera. Shrub 10 feet. 3 D. craspe'dum (Gmel.syst. D. C. prod. 1. p. 520.) leaves oblong, crenated, ending in a reflexed point ; spike subternu'nal, crowded ; flowers'monogynous ; berrj- of one many-seeded cell. ^ . S. Native of Cochin-china in woods. Craspedum tccto- rium. Lour. coch. 33(>. Elaeocarpus tectorium, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 104. Perliaps a distinct genus. Flowers greenish-yellow. The wood is used for building houses in Cochin-china, and the leaves for roofing them. Fringcd-f[o\\ex<^A Dicera. Tree 50 feet. Cult. The species of Dicera thrive well in a mixture of loam and pout ; and ripe cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass. IV. FRIE'SIA (in honour of Elias Fries, M. D. Professor of Botany in the university of Lund ; an acute philosophical and cryptogamic botanist). D. C. prod. 1. p. 520. Lin. syst. DodecAndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4, 3-lobed at the apex. Anthers 12, cordate-oblong, acuminate, dehiscent at the apex. Berry dry, somewhat stipi- tatc, indehiscent, 2-4-furrowed, 2-4-celled ; cells 2-seeded. 1 F. peduncula'ris (D. C. prod. I. p. 520.). Jj . G. Na- tive at Cape Van Diemen. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, serrated ; pedicels axillary, spreading, 1 -flowered, somewhat nodding. Elaeocarpus peduncularis. Lab. nov. holl. 2. p. 15. t. 155. Flowers white. Rf/unc/crf-flowered Friesia. Clt. 1818. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. ELiEOCARPE^. V. Acronodia. VI. Vallea. VII. Tkicusi-idaiua. VIII. Decadia. CHLENACE7E. 561 Cult. This slirub will thrive well in a mixture of turfy loam and peat ; and ripe cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass. V. ACRONO'DI A (from «/cpoc, ahros, the summit, and vw^oq, nodos, toothless ; alluding to the anthers being without bristles at the summit). Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 660. Lin, syst. Dia\ia, OcUindria. Male flowers ; sepals and petals -t, the last small and linear, erose at the apex. Anthers 8-1',', linear, puberulous, destitute of terminal bristles. Female (lowers unknown. 1 A. ruKCTA ta (Blum. 1. c.). Tj . S. Native of Java. A tree with scattered, lanceolate, serrated leaves, which are full of dots beneath and axillary simple racemes of flowers. Z)o(/t'rf-leaved Acronodia. Tree 30 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam and peat will suit this tree well, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. V'l. VA'LLEA (in honour of Robert Valle of Rouen, who has given a commentary on the works of Pliny). Mut. in Lin. suppl. 266. D. C. prod. 1. p. 520. Lin. syst. Polyandrla, Monugynia. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5, trifid. Glands of receptacle forming a ring around the ovary. Scales 5, adnate under the claws of the petals. Stamens 30-40 ; anthers mutic, bursting at the top. Style fur- rowed. Capsules 4-5-valved, -i-S-celled ; valves muricated, spreading ; cells 2-seeded. Small trees with kidney-shaped stipidas, and alternate, cordate, stalked, entire leaves. 1 V. stipvla'ris (Mut. in Lin. fil. suppl. 266.) branches, pedicels and petioles smooth ; leaves cordate, blunt, bearded at the origin of the veins beneath, as well as at their base ; stipulas on short stalks. ^. S. Native of South America at Santa Fe de Bogota. H. B.. and Kunth, nov. gen. anier. 5. p. 350. t. 489. Flowers pale-red. Stipular Vallea. Tree 14 feet. 2 V. cordifolia (Ruiz et Pav. syst. fl. per. 132.) branches, pedicels, and petioles hairy ; leaves cordate, acute, hairy beneath, especially at the base ; stipulas on short stalks. ^ . S. Native of Peru in groves. Flowers white. Heart-leaved Vallea. Tree 18 feet. 3 V. pube'scens (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.amer. 5. p. 350.) branches, pedicels, and petioles clothed with rusty down ; leaves cordate, blunt, covered with rusty pubescence beneath ; stipulas sessile. ^ . S. Native of South America near Santa Fe de Bogota. Flowers white. Pubescent Vallea. Tree 20 feet. Cult. The species of J'allea will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and ripe cuttings will root in sand under a hand- glass, in a moderate heat. VII. TRICUSPIDARIA (from tres, three, and cusph, a point ; in allusion to the petals being divided into 3 points at the apex). Ruiz et Pav. syst. fl. per. p. 112. prod. t. 36. D. C. prod. 1. p. 520. — Tricuspis, Pers. ench. 2. p. 9. Lin. svst. Pohjandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed. Pe- tals 5, tricuspidate at the apex. Glands of receptacle annular, 10-sided. Anthers 15, mutic, bursting at the apex. Capsules 3-celled, 3-valved ; valves septiferous. Seeds few. 1 T. depe'ndens (Ruiz et Pav, 1. c), ^2 • G. Native of Chili in groves and inundated places. Leaves opposite, oblong- ovate, serrated. Pedicels axillary, solitary. Flowers white ? Depending Tricuspidaria. Tree 20 feet. Cult. See Vallea for cultivation and propagation. VIIL DECA'DIA (from ciku, deca, ten ; the corolla is of VOL. I. — part VI. 10 petals, which distinguishes it from all the other genera of this order). Lour, cocii. 1. p. 385. D. C. prod. 1. p. 520. Lin. syst. Polyandrla, Monogynia. Calyx S-parted, per- manent. Petals 10, somewhat ovate, a little serrated. Stamens 30, standing upon the base of the petals. Anthers roundish. Style filiform. Drupe containing a 5-celled nut. Perhaps tlie stamens are inserted in the calyx, if so this genus is probably referable to Rosacea;. 1 D. ALUMiNi>sA (Lour. p. 315.). Ij , G. Native of Cochin- china and the Molucca Islands in woods. — Rumph. amb. 2. t. 100. Leaves alternate, lanceolate, serrated, smooth. Racemes almost simple. Flowers white. The bark and leaves of this tree are used by native dyers to heighten and fix colours. Alum Decadia. Tree 20 feet. Cult. This tree will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat ; and ripe cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass. Order XXXVL CHLENA'CE^ (from xXaim, cWama, a cloak. The flowers of most of the plants belonging to this order are furnished with an involucrum). Pet. Th. hist. veg. afr. austr. p. 49. D. C.prod. 1. p. 521. Involucre 1 (f. 96. 6.) to 2-flowered, permanent, various in form and consistence (f. 96, /.), Calyx of 3 small sepals (f. 96, a.). Petals 5 (f. 96. h.) to 6, hypogynous, broadest at the base, sometimes they are connected at the very bottom. Stamens usually numerous (f. 96. c), but sometimes there are even as few as 10 ; filaments connected at the base into a tube, or adnate to the tube of the petals ; anthers roundish. 2-celled, adnate or free. Ovary 1 (f. 96. g.), 3-celled. Style 1, filiform, crowned by a triple stigma (f. 96. d.). Capsule 3-celled or only 1 -celled from abortion. Seeds solitary or numerous in each cell, fixed to the central axis, inverted. Albumen fleshy (ex Juss.) cor- neous (ex Pet. Th.). Embryo central, green. Cotyledons leafy, waved. Little trees and shrubs, natives of Madagas- car, with alternate, feather-nerved, entire leaves ; deciduous stipulas ; and racemose and panicled flowers. This order is allied to Mahacetv, according to Petit Thouars, in the flowers being furnished with an involucre, as well as in the stamens being mo- nadelphous, but according to the opinion of Jussieu it is more nearly allied to Ehenacece and Siniplocinecv, on account of the petals being connected at the base, as well as in the seeds being albuminous. Synopsis of the genera. 1 Sarcol.b na. Involucrum fleshy, urceolate, 5-toothed, with a calyx within it. Petals 5, conniving into a tube, with the stamens inserted in its base. Capsule baccate, 3-celled, cells 2-seeded, furnished with prurient villi on the inside. 2 Leptom NA. Involucrum rather fleshy, cylindrical, small. Sepals 3, longer than the involucrum. Petals 5, conniving into a tube. Stamens 10. Ovary 3-celled ; cells 2-seeded, but the capsiUe is 1 -celled, 1 -seeded from abortion. 3 Schizol.e"na. Involucrum 2-flowered, not fleshy, fringed (f. 96./.). Sepals 3 (f. m. a.). Petals 5 (f. 96. b.). Stamens numerous (f. 96. c). Capsule 3-celled ; cells many-seeded. 4 Riiodol/e'na. Involucrum of 2 bracteas, which are pressed 4 C 562 CHLENACEiE. I. Sarcolxka. II. Leptol-ena. III. Schizolxna. IV. Riiodol.ena. V. Hugonia. to the calyx. Sepals 3, concave, fleshy. Petals 6, urceolatc. Stamens numerous, connected at the base. Ovary 3-celled, many-seeded. f A genus allied to Clilctiaccce. 5 Hugonia. Involucrum none. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, unguiculate. Stamens 10, monadelphous at the base. Styles ■5, distinct. Drupe containinf; 5, 1 -seeded carpels adhering together. I. SARCOL^'NA (from vapl aapKOQ, sarx sarcos, flesh, and )(\a(rii/-Jliincn'dLt.']tto\a:un. Tree 20 feet. Cult. .See Sarcolce'na for cultivation and propagation. III. SCHIZOLi-PNA (from (rxifw, sc/iizo, to cut, and xXnii'a, chlaina, a cloak; alluding to the cut involucre (f. 96.^.). P. Th. hist. veg. afr. austr. p. 43. gen. nov. no. 55. D. C. prod. 1. p. 521. Lin. syst. Monadclphia, Polyandria. Involucre 2-flower- ed (f. 9C. 6.), fringed, not fleshy, at length expanded, jagged (f. 96. /.), clammy, conniving. Sepals 3 (f. 9(). a.). Petals 5 (f. 90. I).). Stamens numerous, with slender filaments (f. 90. c.) and adnate anthers. Capsule enclosed within the involucre (f 96. g."), 3-celled ; cells inany-sceded. Elegant little trees, with ovate smooth leaves, and panicles or racemes of flowers. 1 S. r6sea (P. Th. I. c. p. 43. t. 12.) panicles terminal; in- volucre very large, irregularly F'lG. 96. cleft. 1; . S. Native of .Mada- gascar. Flowers red (f. 96.). /?oie-coloured- flowered Schizo- laena. Tree 20 feet. 2 S. ELONGA ta (Pet. Th. 1. c. p. 44.) panicles terminal ; invo- lucre 5-lobed, a little longer than the capsule, f; . S. Native of Madagascar. Flowers white. ^/ongrj/frf-involucredSchizolaB- na. Tree 20 feet. 3 S. CAULIFLORA (P. Til. 1. C. p. 44.) flowers racemose ; racemes rising from the trunk or larger branches. I; . .S. Native of Ma- dagascar. Stem-Jlonxred Schizola-na. Tree 20 feet. Cult. Schizolic'na is a genus of elegant little trees. The species will thrive well in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat ; and cuttings will root in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat. IV. RHODOL.E'NA (from po?oc, rhodos, a rose, and x^""", chlaina,' a cloak ; flowers are red). Pet. Th. hist. veg. afr. austr. p. 17. gen. nov. no. 56. D. C. prod. 1. p. 522. Lin. syst. Monadclphia, Poltjundria. Involucre constantly of 2 bracteas, which are pressed to the calyx. Sepals 3, con- cave, fleshy, clammy. Petals 6, large, urceolate, spirally twisted in the bud. Stamens numerous, shorter than the petals, joined at the base into a short urccolus ; anthers quadrangular, inserted by the back. Ovary 3-celled, many-seeded. A climbing shrub with oval, acute leaves, which are pointed by the middle nerve being drawn out ; 2-flowered, naked, axillary peduncles, and large scarlet flowers. 1 R. ALTivoLA (P. Th. 1. c. p. 48. t. 13.). Ij.'^. S. Native of Madagascar. Fruit unknown. Soaring Rhodolrena. Shrub climbing. Cult. This is a beautiful climbing shrub with large scarlet flowers, well adapted for covering rafters in stoves. It will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. f // gcnux allied to Chlcmhete. V. HUGO'NIA (in honour of John Hugon, an English bo- tanist, who published a dissertation on the systems of botany in 1771). Lin. gen. no. 831. Ga;rt, fruct. 1. p. 281. t. '08. D. C. prod. 1. p. 522. Lin. syst. Monadilphia, Decdndria. Calyx naked, per- manent, 5-partcd, or of 5 unequal sepals, which are connected at the base, imbricate in the bud. Petals 5, unguiculate, al- ternating with the sepals, twisted in astivation. Stamens 10, joined into an urceolus at the base at first, but afterwards be- coming free and filiform ; anthers ovate, twin. Ovary round- ish. Styles 5, distinct. Drupe fleshy, enclosing (5 ex Cav. 10 ex Ga?rt.) 1 -seeded carpels, adhering together, with a pendu- lous seed in each cell. Embryo inverted in the axis of a fleshy albumen, with a short superior radicle and flat leafy cotyledons. Shrubs with alternate leaves, but they are usually crowded and opposite near the flower ; 2 awl-shapid stipulas and 1 -flowered a.villary ])eduncles, sonietiiius some of which are changed into hooked spines. 'J'liis genus is allied to MalracciC or /It/ltnc- ridced', but the calyx is not valvate but imbricate. 1 H. My'stax (Lin. spec. 944.) leaves oval, smooth, very 1 CHLENACE^. V. Hugonia. TERNSTRCEMIACEiE. 563 entire ; spines hooked, almost opposite, h^ . S. Native of Ceylon and Malabar.— Rliced. mal. 2. p. 29. t. 19. Flowers yellow. Fruit yellowish or red. nearded Hugonia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1818. Sh. 10 ft. 2 H. serua'ta (Lam. diet. 3. p. 149.) leaves oval-oblong, serrated, adult ones smooth ; spines almost opposite, hooked. Ij . S, Native of the Maiuitius. H. !Mystax, Cav. diss. 3. p. 177. t. 73. f. 1. exclusive of tlie synonymes. Flowers yellowish. ^o-rafe-leaved Hugonia. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1820. Sh. 10 ft. 3 H. TOMENTosA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 178. t. 23. f 2.) leaves oblong, serrated, downy on both surfaces ; spines wanting. ^2 .S. Native of the Mauritius. Lam. diet. 3. p. 150. Flowers yellowish or white. Z)owH//-leaved Hugonia. Shrub 1 0 feet. Ctilt. The species of Hugonia will thrive well in a mixture of loam, sand and peat ; and ripened cuttings will root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. Order XXXVH. TERNSTRCEMIA^CEjE (plants agreeing with Ternstrce'inia in important characters.) D. C. mem. soc. h. nat. gen. vol. 1. prod. 1. p. 523. — Ternstroe^mia, Mirb. bull, philom. 1813. p. 381. Calyx of 3-5, unequal, concave (f 97. «.), coriaceous, obtuse, permanent, imbricate sepals (f. 99. a.), usually furnished with 2 bracteoles at the base. Petals usually 5 (f. 97. d. f. 99. 6.), rarely more or fewer, inserted on the disk, sometimes free (f. 97. d.), sometimes connected at the base (f. 99. 6.). Stamens numerous, hypogynous (f. 99. d. f. 98. c. &c.), somewhat adnate to the petals at the base, free, or connate, rarely disposed in bundles (f. 99. d.) ; filaments short, awl-shaped ; anthers erect, 2-4-celled, adnate or versatile. Ovary ovate (f. 98. d. f. 99. c). Styles 2-7,. free, or more or less joined together (f. 99. /.). Fruit ovate-globose, radiately divided on the inside into as many cells as there are styles or stigmas (f. 97. g. f. 98. e. f. 99. c), sometimes dry-baccate (f. 97. "•. f. 98. d. c), indehiscent, some- times capsular, deluscent (f. 99. c). Seeds few or numerous, fixed to the central placenta (f. 97. g. f. 98. c), sometimes arcVied (f. 971 A.), sometimes roundish or compressed. Albumen fleshy or wanting. Embryo arched or straight, slender, terete, with oblong cotyledons, and an inconspicuous plumule, with a long radicle, which is turned towards the hylum. Tlie order is com- posed of trees and shrubs, with alternate, exstipulate, coriaceous, feather-nerved, undivided leaves, and axillary and terminal pe- duncles, bearing handsome, white, yellow, red, purple, and varie- gated flowers. Camellia and the cuts we have given will convey a very good idea of the beauty of the genera. The tea is well known to be one of the most useful plants in the world for its stimulating influence in decoction upon the nerves, which is attributed by CuUen to the presence of a narcotic principle. The seeds of Camellia oleifera, and some others, yield a fine oil. Noronha states that the fruit of a Sauratija, found ir Java, is subacid, in flavour resembling the Tomato, and that it is eaten by the Javanese under the name oi Koleho. Synopsis oj the Genera. Tribe I. Ternstrcemie'jE. Calijx with 2 bracteas at the base. Petals connected together at the base, opposite the sepals. Anthers ad- nate. Style crowned by a simple stigma. Albumenjleshy. 1 Ternstroj'mia. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens nuinerous, in a double series. Anthers oblong, smooth. Berry dry, 2-5- celled, at length G-5-valved ; cells 3-4-seeded. Seeds wingless. Tribe IL EuRYE^iE. Calyx furnished with Z bracteas at the base, of 5 sepals or 5 lobes. Corolla 5-parted, opposite the sepals. An- thers adnate. Style crowned by 3-5 distinct stigmas. 2 Annesle'a. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla contracted at the throat, 5-cleft. Stamens numerous, disposed in a double series. Anthers linear, smooth, ending in a long point. Berry dry, 3-celled ; cells 1-3-seeded. Style crowned by 3 awl-shaped stigmas. 3 Gee'ria. Flowers dioecious. Calyx of 5-sepals. Corolla 5-parted. Stamens ninnerous, adnate to the base of the corolla. Styles 3-5, connected at the base, crowned by as many acute stigmas. Berry 5-celled, many-seeded. 4 Eu'rya. Flowers polygamous. Sepals and petals 5, both concrete at the base. Stamens 12-15. Anthers smooth, tetra- gonal. Style 3-5-cleft. Capsule 3-5-celled, many-seeded. Tribe IIL Frezie"re,e. Calyx furnished with 2 bracteas at the base. Petals free, alternating tvith the sepals. Anthers adnate. Style crowned by 2-5 distinct stigmas. Seeds wingless. Albumen fleshy. Embryo rather curved. 5 Cleye'ra. Sepals and petals 5. Anthers hispid from re- trograde bristles. Style filiform, crowned by 2-3 stigmas. Berry 2-3-celled ; cells 2-3-seeded. 6 Frezie'ra. Sepals and petals 5. Anthers smooth, sub- cordate. Style 3-5-cleft at the apex. Fruit dry, 3-5-celled. 7 Lettsomia. Sepals 7. Petals 5-6, inner petals narrowest. Style short, crowned by 3-5 stigmas. Berry 3-5-celled. Tribe IV. Saurau'je^e. Calyx deeply 5-parted, furnished ivith 2-3 bracteas. Petals alternating with the sepials, more or less con- nected together at the base. Stamens numerous, adhering to the base of the corolla. Anthers incumbent, inserted by the back, not adnate. Styles 3-5, distinct from the ovary. Seeds wingless. Albumen fleshy. 8 Saurau'ja. Petals 5, joined together to the middle. Styles 3-5. Capsule 3-5-celled, 3-5-valved ; cells many-seeded. An- thers bursting by 2 pores at the apex. 9 Apate'lia. Petals 5, joined together at the base. Stamens numerous, disposed in 5 bundles. Anthers bursting by 2 pores at the top. Styles 5. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved, many-seeded. Tribe V. Lapia'ceje. Calyx bractless, of 3-5 sepals, sometimes 5- parted. Petals usually 5, distinct. Stamens numerous, free, or connected at the base. Anthers adnate or versatile. Styles equal in number to the cells of the ovary, joined in 1, crowned by 4c 2 564 TERNSTRCEMIACEiE. I. Ternstrcemia. tniiity-stlgmas. Fruit S-5-celled. Albumen Jieshy or wanting. Heeds compressed or winged, rarely cochleate. 10 Cociilospe'rmum. Calyx of 5 unequal sepals (f. 97. a.). Petals 5, emarginate at tlie apex (f. 97. eta\\ed Ternstroemia. Shrub 6 feet. 4 T. sylva'tica (Cham, et Schlecht. Linnaa. 4. p. 221.) branches smooth; leaves lanceolate, obtusely acuminated; brac- teas ovate, acute, under the calyx ; petals not lined ; anthers apiculate. Tj . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers white. Hood Ternstroemia. Shrub. 5 T. ELLi'pTiCA (Swartz, prod. p. 81.) leaves qviite entire, elliptical, acute ; pedicels lateral, twice as long as the petioles. ^ . S. Native of the West Indies. Flowers white. EUij>tic-\ea.\ed Ternstroemia. Shrub. 6 T. Brasilie'nsis (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 298. t. 59.) leaves lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate, obtuse, or with a very short acumen, serrulated ; leaflets of calyx roundish, denticidated ; seeds spotted with red. ij • S- Native of Brazil in the pro- vince of Minas Geraes. Flowers white. Petals shorter than the calyx, with erose margins. Fruit 2-5-celled. lar. mhwr (St. Hil, 1. c.) leaves much smaller ; flowers smaller ; segments of corolla smaller. In the province of St. . Paul. Brasilian Ternstroemia. Fl. March. Tree 15 feet. 7 T. CARNOSA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 299.) leaves obovate, or obovate-lanceolate, nearly entire, rather scabrous above ; leaflets of calyx unequal, roimdish, quite entire ; seeds smooth, white. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. This species comes near to T. meridionalis of Mutis. Fruit 2-celled. FleshijAeayed Ternstroemia. Shrub 10 feet. 8 T. meridiona'lis (Mutis, Swartz, prod. p. 81.) leaves ob- ovate, lanceolate, entire, shiny on both surfaces ; leaflets of calyx unequal, denticulated ; fruit 2-celled. >j . S. Native of South. America. Flowers white. Meridional Ternstroemia. Shrub 10 feet. 9 T. puncta'ta (Swartz, prod. p. 81.) leaves entire, oblong, somewhat emarginate, denticulated, dotted on the margin ; pe- dicels axillary, much longer than the petioles. Tj . S. Native of Guiana in woods. Taonabo punctata, Aubl. guian. l.p. 571. t. 228. Flowers yellowish. Fruit 5-6-celled.' Z)o«(;d-leaved Ternstroemia. Fl.Ju.Aug. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 ft. 10 T. ctusi^EFoLiA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. j). 207. t. 403. f. 1.) leaves oblong, obtuse, quite entire, covered with small black dots beneath ; pedicels axillary, a little longer than the petioles. I7 . S. Native of South America on the mountains about Popayan. Flowers white. Clusia-lcavcd Ternstroemia. Tree .'iO feet. 11 T. denta'ta (Swartz, prod. 81. but not of Mirb.) leaves serrate-toothed, oval-oblong, or oboval, acuminate; pedicels axillary and lateral, a little longer than the petioles ; outer leaflets of calyx ovate-lanceolate, acute. ^. S. Native of Guiana in woods. Toam\bo dentata, Aubl. guian. I. p. 5()9. t. 227. Flowers yellowish. 7oo; . .S. Native of Java. Smooth Geeria. Tree. 4 G. obova'ta (Blum. I. c.) branches .smooth; leaves ob- ovate, entire at the base, retuse, and obtusely serrated at the apex, smooth ; flowers few, axillary. '7. S. Native of Java. 06o(n/c-leavcd Geeria. Tree. Cult. The species will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. IV. EITRYA (from tupuc. eurys, large; flowers large.) Thunb. fl. jap. p. 11. Browne, pi. chin. diss. p. 7. D. C. prod. 1. p. 525. ^ Lin. syst. Polygdmia, Monoecia. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, roundish, somewhat connected at the base. Stamens 13-15, in one series. Anthers smooth, tetra- gonal. Style 3-5-cleft at the apex. Berry 3-celled, many- seeded. Seeds reticulated. — Asiatic evergreen shrubs, with axillary pedicels and while flowers. 1 E. Jai'o'nica (Thunb. jaj). p. 191. t. 25.) branches smooth ; leaves elliptical, acute ; flowers axillary. ^ . G. Native of Japan near Nagasaki. Flowers white. Japan Eurya. Shrub 4 feet. 2 E. Chine'nsis (Brown. I. c. with a figure.) ultimate branches pubescent ; leaves oval-cuncated ; Mowers axillarv. ^ . G. Native of China in the province of Kiang-si and Quangtong, in fields and on hills. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1213. Flowers white. C/iintie Eurya. Fl. Feb. Clt. 1818. Shrub 2 feet. 3 E. MULTIFLORA (D. C. 1. c. and prod. 1. p. 525.) branches hairy ; leaves elliptical-oblong, acuminate ; flowers axillary, dis- posed along the branches in fascicles, usually beneath the leaves. ^2 . G. Native'of Nipaul. Flowers white. Many-Jlowcrcd Eurya. Clt. 1823. Shrub 4 feet. 4 E. acumina'ta (D. C. 1. c. and prod. 1. p. 525.) branchlets villous ; leaves ellipticil oblong, acuminate ; flowers few, axil- lary. I7 . G. Native of Nipaul. I-'lowers white ? ^cuminale-]ea\ed Eurya. Shrub 3 feet. Cult. All the species of Eurya will thrive in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand; and cuttings will root in sand or mould under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat. Tribe III. FREZIE'RE^ (plants agreeing with Frezieria in the petals being distinct, and in the style being cleft at the apex). D. C. prod. 1. p. 525. Calyx furnished with 2 bracteas at the base. Petals unconnected, alternating with the sepals. Anthers adnate. Style 1. Stigmas 2-5, distinct. Seeds wingless, with fleshy albumen and a somewhat curved embryo. V. CLEYE RA (Andrew Clever, M. D. a Dutch physician, once resident in Batavia). Thiiiil). (i. jap. p. 12. D. C. prod. 1. p. 525. Lin. svst. Polyiindria, Monogynia, Calyx 5-sepalled. Petals 5, unconnected. Stamens adhering to the base of the petals. Anthers hispid from retrograde bristles. Style filiform. Stigmas 2-3. Berry dry, 2-3-celled. Shrubs with the habit of Ternstrce^'mia. \\\ natives of Asia. 1 C. Japo'nica (Tluinb. fl. jap. p. 224.) leaves oblong-lan- ceolate, veinless, serrulated at the apex. 1; . G. Native of Japan near Nagasaki. Kiempf. amocn. 5. p. 774. icon. Tern- strce'mia Japonica, Thunb. in Lin. soc. trans. 2. p. 'ioo. Flowers white or yellowish. Japan Cleyera. Clt. 1 820. Tree 20 feet. 2 C. ociina'cea (D.C. mem. soc. his. nat. gen. vol. 1. p. 524.) leaves oval-oblong, acute at both extremities, entire, veiny above : peduncles 1 -flowered, axillary, solitary or in fours, twice as long as petioles. I; . G. Native of Japan. Sakaki, Ka^mpf. amocn. 777. Banks, icon. Kxmpf. t. 33. Flowers yellow. Ochnaccous Cleyera. Tree 20 feet. 3 C. ociiNoiDES (Wall. mss. in herb. Lin. soc.) leaves cori- aceous, oblong, tapering to both ends, smooth, entire, obtuse or acuminate ; pedicels solitary or numerous, rising from a short peduncle, drooping. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies. In the specimen we can see no trace of bracteas, and the calyx is 5-lobcd, not of 5 sepals. It is therefore probably a distinct genus. Freziera ochnoides, Wall. I. c. Ochna-like Cleyera. .Shrub. 4 C. lu'siiia ; leaves obovatc or elliptical, quite entire, almost veinless, and are as well as branches smooth ; peduncles 1 -flowered, axillary, solitary, or in fours, smooth, straight, twice as long as |)rtioles. Ij . G. Native of Upper Nipaid at Sirinagur, where it is called Lushi-iwa. C. ochncicea. TERNSTRCEMIACE.^. VI. Fuezieka. VII. Lettsomia. VIII. Saukauja 567 Far. ft WaUkhidna (D. C. prod. 1. p. 524.) Tcrnstroo'mia Lushia, Hamilt. niss. in I). Don, j)ioil. 1 . p. 225. Flowers yellow 1 Lushia Clcyera. Fl. Juno. Tree 20 feet. Cult. The species of Clcijeia will thrive well in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat ; and ripe cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. VI. FREZIE'RA (this genus is dedicated by Swartz to A. F. Frezier, a French engineer and traveller in Chili and the South Sea, who published his travels in 1710). Swartz fl. ind. occid. 2. p. 971. D. C. prod. 1. p. 521'. — Eroteum, Swartz. prod. p. 85. Lin. syst. Polyihidria, JMonogijnia. Calyx 5-sepalled. Petals 5, broadest at the base. Filaments free. Anthers smooth, some- what cordate. Style 3 or 5-cleft at the apex. Berry dry, 2-5- celled ; cells many-seeded. American trees, with the habit of Laiirus. Pedicels axillary. 1 F. Tn.BOiDEs (Swartz, fl. ind. occid. p. 972.) leaves ovate- lanceolate, serrulate-toothed, smooth on both surfaces ; pedicels solitary, 1 -flowered. Ij . S. Native of the mountains of Ja- maica. Eroteum thseoides, Swartz. prod. p. 85. Flowers white ; anthers yellow. Tea-Zde Freziera. Clt. 1818. Tree 40 feet. 2 F. undula'ta (Swartz. fl. ind. occid. p. 974.) leaves ellip- tical-lanceolate, acuminate, serrated, smooth ; flowers axillary, crowded. ^ . S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. Eroteum undulutuni, Swartz, prod. 85. Flowers white. // V/icrf-leaved Freziera. Tree 50 feet. 3 F. nervosa (H. et B. pi. equin. 1. p. 31. t. 9.) leaves lan- ceolate, toothed, smooth above, pubescent beneath ; pedicels many, in fascicles. f; . S. Native of South America in cold parts of the province of Pasto. Flowers white. JVerrtfZ-leaved Freziera. Tree 40 feet. 4 F. sERicEA (H. B. pi. equin. 1. p. 2&. t. 8.) leaves elliptic- lanceolate, acimiinated, serrulate, silvery beneath ; flowers 2 or 3 together, axillary, sessile, 'j . S. Native of South America between Quito and Popayan. Flowers white. ). Swartz, prod. 8-1-. D. C. prod. I. p. 558. LiN. SYST. Polyindria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 cross se- pals, the 2 outer ones involving the flower. Corolla of 4-5 pe- tals. Stamens very numerous, somewhat connected at the base ; anthers adnate, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise. Style 1, short, crowned by a caj)itate 4-5-lobed stigma. Fruit columnar, crown- ed by the permanent style, 3-4-cellcd, 3-4-valved ; valves bent inwards at the margins so much as to form dissepirr.ents, with the placentas opposite the valves. Seeds very numerous, girded by a yellow fringed margin. Leaves entire, full of pellucid dots. 1. M. RACEMOSA (Swartz, prod. p. 88.) leaves opposite, ob- long-lanceolate, veined; racemes axillary. Ij . S. Native of the Caribbee islands. Flowers yellow or greenish-white. /frtccmase- flowered Marila. Tree 15 feet. Cult. This tree will thrive well in a mixture of loain, sand, and peat ; and half-ripened cuttings will root if planted in a pot of sand, and a hand-glass placed over them, in heat. XV. VENTENATIA (in honour of E. P. Ventenat, a French botanist, author of Clioix de Plantes cultivees par Cels, and the Jardin dc la Mahnaison, in 1803.) P. Beauv. fl. d'ow. et de Ben. 1. t. 17. D. C. prod. 1. p. 527. Lin. svst. I'olydiidria, Monogynia. Calyx of 3, concave, (f. 98. a.), deciduous sepals. Petals 11-12 (f. 98. c), oblong, tapering to the base, blunt, spreadhig. Stamens numerous, free ; anthers oblong, 2-celled, adnate, bursting lengthwise. Ovary ovate (f. 98. (/.). Style longer than the stamens. Berry ovate- globose, furrowed longitudinally, 5-celled, cells many-seeded (f. 98. e.}. Seeds luiknown, therefore the place which this plant should occupy in the natural system is uncertain. Calyx imbricate, not valvatc, on this account this genus is removed from Tiliucca-. 1 V. GLAU CA (P. Beauv. 1. c.) FIG. 98. ^ . S. Native of the western coast of Africa, in the kingdom of Benin. A small tree, with exsti- pulate, stalked, ovate, acuminate, glaucous, feather-nerved leaves. Flowers scarlet, about the size of those of a species of Gordbnia. Glaucous - leaved Ventenatia. Shrub 10 feet. Cult. J'cntenalia is a very fine shrub, bearing very ornamental scarlet flowers. It may probably thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and cuttings will per- haps root in sand under a hand- glass, in a moist heat. XVI. CAKATPA (Caraipe is the name of one of the -species in Guiana). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 56. t. 223. LiN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Calyx inferior, 5-])arted. Corolla of 5 une(iual-sided petals. Stamens indefinite, free or somewhat connected at the base. Style simple, crowned by a 3-lobed stigma. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved, bearing the seeds on the large, ligneous, central, trigonal, 3-winged placenta. Seeds subsolitary, compressed. Albumen wanting. — Middle-sized trees, with stalked, opposite, and alternate, simple, exstipulate, coriace- ous, entire leaves, and terminal racemes or panicles of white flowers. 1 C. I'ANRULATA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 104. t. G4 ) leaves opposite, oblong, acute, smooth above ; petioles and [leduncles rusty-tomentosc ; flowers p;nilclod ; petals tomentoseon the out- side. Ij . S. Native of Brazil near the bar of the Rio Negro. Petals white. The anthers in all are versatile. TERNSTRCEMlACEiE. XVI. CiBAirA. XVII. Kielmeyeua. 571 Panicled-Rox^eretl Caraipa. Fl. Oct. Tree 23 feet. 2 C. GLAiiRA~TA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 105. t. G5.) leaves alter- nate, oblong, acuminated, tapering to the base, glaucescent be- neath ; flowers racemose. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the pro- vince of Rio Negro. Corolla white. Smooth Caraipa. Tree 30 feet. 3 C. DENSiFoLiA (Mart. fl. bras. l.p. 105. t. 65. fruit only,) leaves alternate, ovate, oblong, bluntly cuspidate, rounded at the base, smooth on both surfaces, glaucous beneath ; flowers racemose. Ij . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Negro on the banks of the river Solimoes near Ega. Dense-leaved Caraipa. Tree 20 feet. 4 C. GRANDiFLouA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 106.) leaves alter- nate, very long, oblong-lanceolate, cuspidate, acutish at the base, shining above, glaucous beneath; flowers racemose. 1^. S. Gathered with the last. Flowers white. Great-flowered Caraipa. Tree 20 feet. 5 C. PABViFOLiA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 561. t. 223. f. 1.) leaves alternate, ovate, acute, tomentose beneath and whitish ; flowers racemose ; ovary villous. T^ . S. Native of Guiana. This tree is called Mancfie-liaches by the Creoles in Guiana, who consider the wood to be the best for making handles to hatchets and axes. Flowers white, small. Small-leaved Caraipa. Tree 20 feet. 6 C. LONGIFOLIA (Aubl. guiau. 1. p. 561. t. 223. f. 2.) leaves alternate, ovate-oblong, acute, hoary beneath ; flowers race- mose ; ovary tomentose. Tj . S. Native of Guiana. Long-leaved Caraipa. Tree 20 feet. 7 C. RiCHARDiA NA (Cambess. in mem. mus. 16. p. 414. t. S.) leaves alternate, oblong, usually with a short and blunt acumen, quite smooth ; flowers corymbose, pedicellate ; ovary smooth. Ij . S. Native of Guiana. Flowers white and rose-coloured. Richard's Caraipa. Fl. May. Shrub 6 to 12 feet. 8 C. RACEMosA (Rich. herb. Cambess. 1. c. p. 415.) leaves alternate, oblong, very blunt, and very smooth ; flowers race- mose, almost sessile ; ovary tomentose. Tj . S. Native of Guiana. Petals tomentose. i?acew!Oie-flowered Caraipa. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 9 C. varia'bilis (Cambess. in mem. mus. 16. p. 416.) leaves alternate, oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, usually acuminated, smooth ; flowers few, panicled or racemose, pedicel- late ; ovary tomentose. Tj . S. Native of Guiana. Petals clothed on the outside with refuscent tomentum. Variable Caraipa. Tree 20 feet. 10 C. fascicvea'ta (Rich. herb. Cambess. 1. c. p. 417.) leaves alternate, elliptic, acuminated, quite smooth ; flowers few, pa- nicled, pedicellate ; ovary tomentose. I; . S. Native of Guiana. Faseicled Caraipa. Tree 20 feet ? 11 C. angustifolia (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 562. t. 224. f. 4.) leaves alternate, long, ovate, acuminated, clothed with white tomentum beneath ; flowers racemose ; ovary tomentose. T^ . S. Native of Guiana. Narrow-leaved Caraipa. Tree 20 feet. 12 C. LATiFOLiA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 561. t. 224. f. 3.) leaves broad, ovate, acuminated, cinereous beneath ; flowers racemose ; ovary tomentose. 1; . S. Native of Guiana. Leaves alternate. Broad-leaved Caraipa. Tree 20 feet. Cult. The species of Caraipa will no doubt thrive well in a mixture of loam and sand ; and cuttings with their ends ripened will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XVII. KIELMEYE'RA (from C. F. D. Kielmeyer, Coun- sellor of State to the King of Wurtemberg, a patron of botany). Mart, et Zucc. fl. bras. 1. p. 112. St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 303. Lin. syst. Polyandria, Monogijnia. Calyx permanent, bract- less, 5-partcd, imbricate, 2 outer leaflets smallest. Petals 5, free, equal, unccjual-sided, twisted in the bud. Stamens nu- merous, free, rarely connected at the base, filiform. Anthers fixed by the back, oblong, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise inwards. Style sinq)le, crowned by 3 free or connate stigmas, and appear- ing as if the style was Irilid. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved ; valves bent in at the margins so much as to constitute dissepiments. Central column awl-shaped, placentiferous, each placenta opposite the valves. Seeds oblong, girded by a membranous margin ex- tended at both ends. Integument thin. Albumen wanting. Embryo straight, flat, with a minute radicle pointing towards the umbilicus, and large kidney-shaped cotyledons. — Trees or shrubs, full of resinous juice. Leaves scattered, cxstipulate, usually crowded at the tops of the branches, coriaceous, entire, 1 -nerved, and marked with feathered veins ; petioles jointed at the base. Flowers large, axillary, and terminal, usually at the tops of the branches among the shorter leaves, or appearing in corymbs, or racemes, rarely in panicles, in consequence ol' the upper leaves being absent. Peduncles bracteate, articulated at the base. 1 K. sPECiosA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 304. pi. usu. bras. no. 58.) stem arboreous ; leaves oblong, somewhat elliptical, obtuse, puberulous beneath on the nerves ; flowers racemose ; calycine segments ovate, obtuse, tomentose, nearly ecpial. tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, where it is called Malvado Camjio, Folha Santa, and Pinhao, and where a decoction of the leaves is employed to prepare emollient baths. Petals white ov flesh-coloured. Shcwij Kielmeyera. Fl. April. Tree 20 feet. 2 K. FALCATA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 304.) stem arboreous ; leaves oblong-subelliptic, somewhat falcate, puberulous ; flowers racemose ; calycine segments ovate, acuminated, puberulous, nearly equal. Tj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of St. Paul. Petals flesh-coloured. A small twisted tree. Falcate-leayeA. Kielmeyera. Fl. Oct. Tree 15 feet. 3 K. coRiVcEA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 112. t. 70.) shrubby; leaves spatulate, glaucescent, glabrous ; flowers racemose ; sepals ovate, acute, tomentose, nearly equal. Ij • S- Native of Bra- zil in the province of Minas Geraes. A small twisted shrub, .ibounding in yellow juice. Petals flesh-coloured. CoWaceo!(s-leaved Kielmeyera. Fl. Aug. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 4 K. rubriflora (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 305.) stem suffruti- cose, simple ; leaves oblong-subelliptic, obtuse ; puberulous be- neath ; flowers corymbose ; sepals ovate, puberulous, nearly equal. It . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals obovate-oblong, obliquely trimcate at the apex, red. Red-flowered Kielmeyera. Fl. May. Shrub 1^ foot. 5 K. ROSEA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 110. t. 68.) stem shrubby, branched ; leaves lanceolate, very smooth, pale beneath ; flowers corymbose ; sepals ovate- roundish, nearly equal. Tq . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals obovate, rose- coloured. /foic-coloured-flowered Kielmeyera. Fl. Feb. Sh. 3 to 4 ft. 6 K. NERiiFOLiA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 306.) stem shrubby, simple ; leaves long, lanceolate, quite smooth ; flowers racemose or panicled ; sepals ovate, acute, puberulous, nearly equal. ^ . S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of Minas Geraes and Minas Novas. Petals obovate, rose or flesh-coloiued. Oleander-leaved Kielmeyera. Fl. May. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 7 K. CORYMBOSA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 113. t. 72.) stem shrubby, simple ; leaves obovate-oblong, very blunt, and quite smooth ; flowers panicled ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, ciliated, nearly equal, fj . S. Native of Brazil in the province ofGoyaz near Villa Boa. Petals obovate, rather retuse, red. Far. ft, paticiflora (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 307.) branches naked above ; panicle few-flowered. In the province of Minas Geraes. 4 D 2 572 TERNSTROilMIACE.E. XVII. Kielmevera. XVIII. Arcijitxa. XIX. Godoya. XX. Malachodendbon. C'ori/mhosc-fiowcrci\ Kiclmcyera. Fl. July. Shrub 3 to -l ft. 8 K. iiuMiFu'sA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 307. t. G3.) stem suf- fi uticosc, trailing ; leaves ovate-elliptic, densely puberulous be- neath ; flowers racemose ; sepals ovate, puberulous, nearly equal. I7 . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes near 'i'ejuco. Stems numerous from the root, 1 foot high, rather trail- injj. Petals obovate, rose-coloured, smooth, but rather ciliated on the margin. 'J'railing Kiclmcyera. Fl. .Se])t. Shrub -i to 1 foot. !) K. T0MENT6sA'(St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 308. t. C>\.) shrubby; leaves elliptic, obtuse, tonicntose beneath ; flowers corymbose ; sepals ovate, tomcntosc, nearly equal, fj . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes at a place commonly called Bosa. Petals obovate-oblong, white, tomentose beneath. Tumcntose Kielmeyera. .Shrub 2 to \ feet. 10 K. exce'lsa (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 308.) arboreous; leaves oblong-subelliptic, obtuse, quite smooth ; flowers race- mose ; sepals ovate, smooth, nearly equal. ^ . S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Petals obovate, smooth, white. Tall Kielmeyera. Fl. June. Tree 00 feet. 11 K. petiola'uis (Mart. fl. bras. 1. j). 111. t. 69.) stem arboreous or shrubby ; leaves oblong, subelliptic, obtuse, quite smooth ; flowers corj'mbosc or racemose ; sepals roundish, smooth, unecpial. 1; . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes near Villa Rica. Petals obcordate, wliite. i'ctiolar Kielmeyera. Fl. Feb. Shrub 3 to t feet. 12 K. varia'bilis (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 112. t. 71.) stem shrubby, simple ; leaves ovate or obovate, very obtuse, quite smooth ; flowers racemose or subsolitary ; sepals ovate-roundish, smooth, unequal. i^ . S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals obovate-oblong, white, and smooth. I'ariahlc Kielmeyera. Fl. Feb. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. Cult. This is a beautiful genus of shrubs, with fine leaves and elegant flowers. The species will thrive well in a mixture of turfy loam and sand ; and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. None of them have yet been intro- duced to tiie gardens. XVni. ARCHITj'E'A (in honour of Archyta, an ancient pliilosoplier of Tarcnto). Alart. fl. bras. 1. p. 1 17. LiN. SYST. PtilijatUlphia, Pulijandna. Calyx 5-parted, l)eriiiancnt. Petals 5. Stamens numerous, collected into 5 bundles at the base. Anthers 2-celled, didymous, bursting lengthwise. Style simple, permanent. Capsule 5-cellcd, incom- ))letely 5-valved, opening at the base, but connate at the apex. Seeds linear, rather winged, inserted in the central pentagonal colinnn. — A shrub, with the habit of Uonnet'ta, Leaves in fascicles, feat her- nerved. 1 A. TRiFLORA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 117. t. 73.) leaves in fascicles, ne.trly sessile, obovately-lanceolate, acuminated, acu- tish ; peduncles terminal, 3-flowered. ■; . S. Native of Brazil. /7()Cf-//ojir»r(/ Archit.'ca. Tree 15 feet. Ctilt. A mixture of loam and peat will answer this tree well ; and cuttings which are ri])ened at the bottom will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XIX. GODO*YA (in honour of Emmanuel Godoy, Duke of Arcadia, commonly called Prince of Peace, on .account of his having concluded tlie peace between France and .Spain, after the war of the revolution. This genus has been dedicated to him as a protector of botany). Ruiz ct Pav. fl. per. jirod. p. 101. I-iN. SYST. Poli/tiiidiia, Monoj^ynia. Calyx of o or many sepals, imbricate in aestivation. Petals 5, convolute in aestiva- tion. Stamens definite or indefinite, disposed in many series, outer series sterile, free or in o bundles, inner series of 1 0-40 free fertile stamens. Anthers long, opening by 2 pores behind. Style simple, crowned by a 3-5-angled stigma. Capsule 3-5-valved, 3-5-celled; valves bent inwards at the edges, constituting the dissepiments ; cells many-seeded. Seeds imbricate, winged. — 'J'recs, with alternate, stalked, entire, or subserrulated, coriaceous leaves, which are finely ribbed, and racemes of yellow flowers. 1 G. CEMIKIFLORA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 119. t. 74.) leaves oblong, blimtish, obsoletely serrulated ; racemes axillary or ter- minal, compound, elongated ; calyx of 10 sepals ; stamens about 40. f;. S. Native ol' Brazil in the province of Rio Negro. Tivin-Jloncrcd Godoya. CIt. 1829. Tree 20 feet. 2 G. statcl-a'ta (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. p. 102.) leaves spatu- late, crenated ; calyx 5-sepalled ; stamens about 40. 1; . S. Native of Peru in groves at Cuchero ami Chinchao. .S'y.n/u/rt/t-leaved Godoya. Tree 20 feet. 3 G. obov.\'ta (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c.) leaves ovate, elliptical, crenated; calyx 5-sepalled ; stamens about 10. Jj.S. Native of Peru at Cuchero. Wood hard. 06ofrtlace in the collection of every admirer of ornamental shrubs. Although it is sudiciemly hardy to bear the winters in Britain in the ojjcn air, yet the young shoots often get injured in winter, the summer not being long TERNSTRCEMIACE^. XXI. Stuautia. XXII. Gordokia. XXIII. Blumea. XXIV. Sciiima. 573 enough to ripen tlie wood, or flower it in perfection ; it is there- fore better to keep it as a greenhouse plant. Peat soil, mixed with a little loam, suits it best ; and it is readily encreased by layers, and ripened cuttings will root in sand, under a hand-glass. XXI. STUA'RTIA (in honour of John Stuart, Marquis of Bute, once a distinguished patron of botany). Cav. diss. 5. p. 39y. t. 159. f. 2. D. C. prod. 1. p. 528. LiN. SYST. Monadciplila, Polydndria. Calyx permanent, 5- cleft, rarely 5-parted, furnished with 2 bracteas at the base. Petals 5. Ovary ro\indish. Style 1, filiform, crowned by a capitate 5-lobed stigma. Capsule woody, 5-celled, 5-valved; cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds wingless, ovate, even. A shrub with deciduous leaves. 1 S. Virgi'nica (Cav. 1. c.). ^ . H. Native of North Ame- rica in swamps in tlie lower counties of Virginia and Carolina. S. malachodendron, Lin. spec. 982. Lher. stirp. rar. 1. t. 73. Lam. ill. t. 593. S. Marilandica, Andr. bot. rep. t. 397 or 73. Dull. arb. 2. t. 78. Flowers large, white, with purple filaments and blue anthers, usually in pairs. Leaves ovate, acute. Petals entire. Virginian Stuartia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1 742. Sh. G to S ft. Cult. This beautiful shrub deserves to be cultivated in every collection of ornamental shrubs. For treatment and cultivation see JMalcichodtndron. XXII. GORDO^NIA (in honour of Alexander Gordon, a celebrated nurseryman at mile-end near London, who lived in the time of Philip Miller). Ellis in phil. trans. 1770. Cav. diss. 307. D. C. prod. 1. p. 528. Lix. sysT. I\Ionad(lpliia, Polydndria. Calyx of 5 rounded, coriaceous sepals (f. 99. a.). Petals 5, somewhat adnate to the urceolus of the stamens (f. 99. d.). Style crowned by a peltate 5-lobed stigma (f. 99. _/".). Capsules 5-celled, 5-valved (f. 99. c); cells 2-4-seeded. Seeds ending in a leafy wing, fixed to the central column, filiform. Trees with the appearance of Gordbnia. Sect. I. Lasia'nthus (from Xaaiog, lasios, wool, and avdoc, anthos, a flower ; calyx covered with silky wool). D. C. prod. 1. p. 528. Petals somewhat connected at the base. Stamens almost disposed in five bundles. Style 1. 1 G. lasia'nthus (Lin. mant. 570.) pedicels axillary, usually shorter than the leaves ; leaves oblong-coriaceous, smooth, ser- rated ; calyx silky ; capsules co- noid, acuminated. ^ . H. Na- tive of North America in cedar swamps near the sea-coast, from Virginia to Florida, where it is called Loblolly-bay. Cav. diss. 6. t. 161. Sims, bot. mag. t. 668. Hypericum lasianthus, Lin. spec. ll"01. Catesb. carol. 1. t. 44. — Pluk. amalth. t. 352. This is a beautiful small evergreen tree with white flowers, about the size of those of a single rose. (f. 99.) Loblolly-bay or Woolly -flowered Gordonia. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1739. Tree 14 feet. 2 G. Ciiilau'xea (Hamilt. mss. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 225.) pedicels axillary, elongated, hardly longer than the pe- tioles ; leaves elliptical, acute, veiny, quite entire, pubescent beneath ; calyx a little ciliated ; petals entire. Ij . G. Native of Nipaul at Suembu, where it is called CIdlaune-swa. G. M'al- Kchii, D. C. prod. 1. p. 528. Leaves 3-4 inches broad. Bud of flower globose, and girded by the short calyx. Flowers white. A small evergreen tree. Chilaune Gordonia. Fl. May. Tree 14 feet. 3 G. exce'lsa (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 663.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, serru- lated ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered, shorter than the leaves. h^ . S. Native of Java. Schlnia excelsa, Reinw. cat. pi. hort. bot. Buitenz. p. 80. In a specimen gathered by Blutne on Mount Burangrang in Java, the ovary was constantly 4-celled, and the stigma peltate, 4-lobed. Tall Gordonia. Tree 30 feet. Sect. II. Lacathe'a (ttomXa, la, very, anA KaBrffxai, cathe- mai, to sit; application not evident). Salisb. D. C. prod. 1. p. 528. Petals connected at the base. Filaments free. Style 1. 4 G. pube'scens (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 451.) flowers almost sessile ; leaves obovate-lanceolate, pubescent beneath, somewhat serrated, membranaceous ; petals and sepals rather silky on the outside ; capsules spherical. 1; • H. Native of North America in Georgia on the banks of the Alatamaha, near Fort Barrington ; also in South Carolina. Lois. herb. amat. t. 236. Lacathfea florida, Sal. par. lond. t. 56. This is a beau- tiful tree, whose large white flowers and yellow anthers have a most agreeable appearance. Var. a, velutina (D. C. prod. 1. p. 528.) leaves oblong, vel- vety beneath. G. pubescens, Lher. stirp. p. 156. Vent. malm, t. 1. Cav. diss. 6. t. 162. Frankhnia Americana, Marsh, arb. 48. Var. ji, subglabra (D. C. prod. 1. p. 528.) leaves obovate- oblong, smoothish beneath. G. Franklini, Lher. stirp. 1. p. 156. Frankhnia Alatamaha, Marsh, arb. 48. Flowers fragrant. Pubescent Goxdoma.. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1774. Tr. 20 ft. Cult. Gordbnia is a genus of elegant trees and shrulis, whose large beautiful white flowers make a very agreeable appearance. For cultivation and treatment see Malaehodendron. The G. excelsa, being a native of Java, will require to be kept in a stove, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand- glass, in heat. XXIII. BLU'MEA (in honour of C. L. Blume, M. D. for a long time resident in Java, author of several works on Java plants). Spreng. syst. 5. p. 12. no. 2461. LiN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx 5-parted, un- equal. Petals 5, obovate, fugacious. Anthers almost sessile, disposed in a ring around the style. Style 5-cleft at the apex. Capsule 5-celled ; cells many-seeded. Seeds vringed ? 1 B. Java'nica (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 126.). I; . S. Native of Java. Reinwardtia Javanica, Blume. Leaves oblong, serru- lated, smooth ; peduncles 3-flowered. Flowers large, yellow. Java Blumea. Tree 30 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam and peat will suit this tree, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XXIV. SCHTMA (probably from o-xto-^ia, scliisma, a fissure; in allusion to the valves of the capsule only being cleft half-way down). Reinwardt, Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaa. 1. p. 662. LiN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx S-cleft, per- manent. Petals 5, adnate to the urceolus of the stamens, as well as being connected together at the base, unequal, one of which is cucullate. Style crowned by a peltate, 5-lobed stigma. Capsule globose, 5-celled, half 5-valved ; valves woody, with a dissepiment in the middle of each. Central receptacle capitate. Seeds 1-2 in each cell, elongated into a leafy wing at the apex. 574 TERNSTRCEMIACE/E. XXIV. Sciiima. XXV. Polvspora. XXVI. Camexlia. This genus comes near to Gordunia, but Jiftl-rs in the structure of the calyx and capsule. 1 S. Noko'nh.e (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acu- minated, entire ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered at the extremity of tlic branches. ^ . S. Native of Java. f'ar. l3, undulata ; leaves waved. I; . S. Native of Java. Noronha's Schima. Tree. Cult. This tree will thrive well in a mixture of loam and sand, and ripened cuttings taken off at a joint will root freely if planted in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XXV. POLY'SPOR A {ttoKvq, polys, many, and oiropa, ipora, a seed ; many in capsule). Sweet, iiort. brit. p. 61. LiN. SYST. Monudclphla, Polijdiidria, Calyx girded by ac- cessory bracteas. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens numerous, nionadelphous at the base. Style crowned by a 4-j-lobcd stigma. Capsule conical, 5-celled, 5-valved, many-seeded. Seeds im- bricate, ending in a wing. A shrub witli smooth, obovate, entire leaves, and axillary, solitary, almost sessile flowers. 1 P. axilla'ius (Sweet, I. c). I; . S. Native of Pulo- Pinang. Camellia axillaris, Roxb. ex Ker. bot. reg. t. 349. Sims, bot. mag. t. 20 17. Gordonia anomala, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 120. Leaves obovate-oblong, serrulated, upper ones quite entire. Flowers of a yellowish-white colour, about the size of those of Camillia Sasdnqiia, solitary, almost sessile, usually axillary. Styles 4, and h.nrdly unconnected at the apex. Jj:illarij-tio\vcTeA Polyspora. Fl. Nov. to Mar. Clt. 1816. Slirub 3 feet. Cult. This shrub will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and cuttings not too much ripened will root in sand, under a l.and-glass, in heat, or it may be grafted on the single red Ca- vieltia Japunica. TribeXll. CAMELLIEVE. D. C. theor. elem. ed. 1. 1813. Feb. as an order. Theacea, Mirb. bull. phil. Dec. 1813. as an order. Calyx of 5-0 sepals, inner ones largest and concave, deciduous. Petals 5-7-9, alternating with the se))als when the same number, sometimes they are connected at the base. Sta- mens numerous, filiform, separated into many bundles at the base, but usually monadelphous. Anthers ellipsoid, roundish, versatile. Ovary ovate-roundish, crowned by 3-5 filiform styles, which are connected at the base. Capsule 3-5 -celled, 3-5-valvcd ; valves sometimes with dissepiments in the middle, sometimes so much bent in at the margins as to form disse- piments. Seeds large, few, fixed to the margins of the central placenta. Albumen wanting. Embryo with large, thick, oily cotyledons, and as if they were jointed at the base, and an obtuse, short, radicle, ];ointing to the hiluni, and a hardly evident plumule. Smooth evergreen trees or shruljs, inhabitants of the colder parts of Asia, China, Japan, &c. Flowers axillary, very slicwy, red, white, or stii|)ed. XXVI. C.\ME'LLIA (in honour of George Joseph Ca- mellus or Kamel, a Moravian Jesuit and traveller in .'\sia. He wrote a history of the i)lants of the isle of Luzon, whicli is in- serted in the 3d vol. of Jolui Ray's Historia Plantarum). Lin. gen. no. 818. D. C. prod. 1. p. 529. Lin. syst. Monadclphia, Polijdndria. Calyx imbricate, sur- rounded by accessory bracteas or sepals. Stamens monadelphous. Andiers elliptical, 2-celled, bursting lengtliwise. Capsule fur- rowed, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve, separating from the free triquetrous axis when ripe. Cells 1-2-seeded. Elegant evergreen trees or shrubs, with coriaceous, dark-green, shining leaves, and large flowers, rescnd)ling the rose, of va- rious Inies. 1 C. Japo'nica (Lin. spec. 982.) leaves ovate, acuminate. acutely serrated ; flowers axillary, sessile, usually soHtary ; ovary smooth. I7 . G. Native of Japan and China. Cav. diss. C. t. 160. Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 553. Duh. ed nov. t. 71. Andr. bot. rep. t. 25. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 329. and 455. Lois. herb. amat. t. 43, 4t, 15, and 40. Curt. bot. mag. t. 42. This plant, in its native country, grows to a large tree. It is in high esteem among the Japanese and Chinese for the elegance of its large flowers, which exhibit a great variety of colours, but have no scent, and for its evergreen leaves. It is very com- mon everywhere iji the groves and gardens, flowering from Octo- ber to April. It varies with white, red, yellowish, purple flowers, and variegated and blotched with the same colours, from single to semidouble and double. It is the greatest ornament of the greenhouses of Europe in spring, and is now cultivated by nurserymen to a vast extent. The plant was cultivated in England before 1742 by Robert James Lord Petie. The varieties at present cultivated in England are as follows : I'arietics of Camillia Japunica nhich have been introduced from China. a dlba-plena. Double white Camellia. Clt. 1792. The flowers are pure white, from 3 to 4 inches in diameter, the petals being disposed in circles from the circumference to the centre, .^nd lying particularly flat and even one above another. Andr. bot. rep. p. 25. Lodd. bot. cab. 269. li fimbridta. Fringed white Camellia. Clt. 1816. The flowers are double, white ; the petals are fringed. Lodd. bot. cab. 1103. y variegata. Double striped Camellia. Clt. 1792. The flowers of a fine dark rose of red-colour, irregularly blotched with white, whilst those which appear in the spring are generally plain red. They are 3 or 4 inches in exp.insion. 'I"he outer petals are about l-j- inch in diameter, roundish cordate, thick and fleshy at tlie 'base, and sometimes a little divided at the apex. When the flowers are fully expanded they liecome recurved. The centre petals are often small, narrow, and upright, con- fusedly arranged, many of them being disposed in tufts, with small parcels of stamina intermixed. Some flowers are parti- cularly handsome and as double as a rose. Andr. bot. rep. t. 91. Lodd. bot. cab. 329. c riihro-plena. Double red Camellia. Old Red and Gre- ville's Red. Clt. 1794. The flowers are 3 or 3| inches in diameter. They are of a crimson-red colour, and resemble the flowers of a double Hibiscus. The petals are numerous, of an irrcgidar shape, comparatively long and narrow, pointed, and veined. They are curled on the margins, gradually diminishing in size towards the centre. Andr. bot. rep. t. 199. Lodd. bot. cab. 397. t incarnata. Lady Hume's Blush Camellia or Buff Camellia. Clt. 1806. The flowers open very regularly 3 or 3 J inches in diameter, of a fine glowing blush-colour, becoming richer as they expand ; the outer petals are a good deal recurved, they gradually diminish in size towards the ceiUre, and are pointed. In general they are evenly arranged and laid over each other. Ker. bot. reg. 112. Andr. bot. rep. 660. f. 1. Lodd. bot. cab. 140. 'C ancmoncjlora. Waratah Camellia or Blush Waratah Ca- mellia or .Viicmone-flowered Camillia. Clt. 1739. The flowers are remarkably shewy, and resemble a double anemone. They are .about 3 or 4 inches in diameter, of a deep-red colour. The outer petals expand quite flat, roundish-cordate, surrounding a great number of smaller ones, regidarly disposed and rising upright in the centre, each of them are roundish-cordate, and slightly marked with veins of a deejier colour. Those in the centre of the flower are of a peculiar form, being sm.all and fleshy at the base, and broad and thin towards the point, with TERNSTRCEMIACE^. XXVI. Camellia. 575 a very minute white tip, they are compactly arranged in rows from the circumference to the centre, wliich is considerably elevated about the outer petals, and each incurved towards the styles, with their edges turned outwards. Sims, bot. mag. 1C54. Lodd. bot. cab. 537. j; crassinerris. Mr. Kent's Camellia. Clt. 1 820. This kind is very like the Waratnh. The only dilTercnce appears to be that in the flowers of this the outer petals arc paler and more cupped and the leaves are thinner and rounder. It was for- merly known under the name of Kent llexangular. Lodd. bot. cab. 1475. e mijrtJfoUa. Myrtle-leaved Camellia. Clt. 1808. The flowers are large in proportion to the plant, about 3 inches in diameter, and are freely produced. On their first opening they appear to be of a deep rose-colour, but when expanded be- come paler. The petals are numerous and regularly arranged over each other, forming a peculiar nice compact flower, faintly veined with red. The outer petals are of a roundish form, always darker in colour tlian the interior ones, an inch broad, at length becoming recurved. The inner petals are much smaller, and pointed, at first they are erect and closely set together, so that the centre of the flower is considerably elevated ; they afterwards expand almost flat. Sims, bot. tnag. 1670. Lodd. bot. cab. 354. I hexangularis. Hexangular-flowered Camellia. This va- riety is no less remarkable for the regular disposition of its petals, th.in for the peculiar elegance of its flowers. This plant is only known by the Chinese drawings in the possession of the Horticultural Society. It has not jet been introduced. The preceding variety usually goes under that name in the gardens. K hivoluta. Lady Long's Camellia. Clt. 1820. It agrees precisely in character with the myrtle-leaved, but differs in being more erect and of stronger growth, and in having all the petals involute instead of spreading, but this is not permanent, as the petals are sometimes inflexed. Ker. bot. 633. \ varidlnlis. Various-flowered Camellia. Clt. 1816. This is remarkable for producing more than 4 different coloured flowers upon the same plant, red, white, and blush varieties of the peeony-Jlonered and the Pompone. fi Pomponia. The Kevv Blush Camellia. Clt. 1810. The flowers of this variety are very delicate, and measure, when full expanded, 4 inches in diameter. They consist of 10 or 12 roundish-cordate outer petals, arranged in 2 rows round a great number of smaller ones that rise in the centre, in an erect, ir- regular mass, the outer petals spread open and become almost flat, they are sometimes entire, but usually indented and undu- lated. Their colour is pure white, excepting for about a third of their length, nearest the base, which is deeply tinged with red, as well as a small stripe up the centre. Ker. bot. reg. 22. Lodd. bot. cab. 596. V pceoniflhra rosea. Red Paeony-flowered Camellia. Clt. 1810. Andr. bot. rep. 6G0. Lodd. bot. cab. 238. o pceon'ifldra pallida. Blush Paeony-flowered Camellia. Clt. 1820. TV pceonijlhra 6lha. White Paeony-flowered Camellia. Clt. ISIO. These three last varieties are in every respect the same as the Pompone. The only difference appears to be in the colour of the flowers. That of the first is of a bright rose or red-colour, marked with darker veins. The second ^s intermediate in the colour between the last-mentioned and the Pompone, being darker than the Pompone, yet not so dark as the Red Paony-Jlowcrcd. The whole of the petals are veined and of a deep blush-co- lour, excepting the edges, which are nearly white. The third variety is generally cultivated under the name of White Waratah or White Anemone-Jlowered and White Povipone. The flowers are exactly the same as the Pompone, excepting that they are pure white, and have not the blush tinge at the base of the petals. p scmidHjilex. Semi-double Red Camellia. Clt. 1808. The plant is not easily distinguished from Middlemist's Red Camellia, unless when in flower. The flowers consist of from 6-12 large roundish petals in a single or doul)le series, round the column of stamina, and expanding to 2* inches in diameter ; they are generally concave, and all marked with veins that are darker than the uniform rich rose-colour of the flowers. The stamens rise erect, they are transformed into small, roundish, ligulated petals, slightly divided at tlie apex, and striped with white in the same manner as Middlemist's Red, but not so large nor are the petals so numerous. It has been impregnated with the pollen of the single white, and some excellent varieties have been raised from the seed by ]Mr. Press, the gardener to Edward Gray, Escj. at Harringay House, Hornsey. Andr. bot. rep. 559. e alrorubens. Loddiges's Red Camellia. Clt. 1809. The flowers are generally middle-sized, and seldom exceed 3 inches in diameter. They are very striking at a distance, appearing scarlet. The outer petals are of a thick substance, roundish, oblong, with the edges sometimes notched and slightly undulated. The whole are ranged in a double or triple series, and are faintly marked with darker veins. The centre of the flower is filled with small petals, confusedly mixed together, varying a good deal both in size and form, each are incurved and have a white tip, sometimes elongated, ligulate petals rise out from amongst them, intermediate in shape between the outer and inner petals, of a paler colour, arranged in a cluster overtopping the others. The flower is usually neat and shewy. Lodd. bot. cab. 170. T Welbdnkii. Welbank's White Camellia. Clt. 1820. This variety is called lutco-albicans in bot. reg. 708. also Jlavescens and White Moutan Camellia. The flowers are of a yellowish- white colour, and do not open freely, about 3\ inches in dia- meter. The petals are not arranged in any sort of order, so that the flower has a confused appearance, the outer ones are of a roundish form, much undulated, and but very little recurved or divided at the extremity. The centre petals are of an irre- gular shape, sometimes they approach to those of the Pompone, but are often twisted and arranged in tufts with several parcels of imperfect stamens intermixed among them. The flower is upon the whole rather delicate, and has been compared to those of Gardenia Jlorida. V roica. Le Blanc's Red Camellia. Clt. 1821. This, though not so shewy as many other varieties, is nevertheless desirable, from producing its flowers both early and abundantly. The flowers, when expanded, measure about 2-|- inches in dia- meter, of a pale-rose colour approaching that of the Myrtle- leaved. The flower has sometimes the appearance of a small moss rose, but generally the outer petals expand nearly flat, they are roundish-cordate, and sometimes have a faint green stripe down the centre. The vihole of the petals are nearly of the same form, being evenly arranged, diminishing gradually in size to the centre, but not so full of petals as some other va- rieties. X specibsa. Rawes's Variegated Waratah. Clt. 1824. The flowers of this variety are extremely handsome, and of a deeper red than either the atrorilbens or Waratnh. They open very regularly, and when expanded are usually 4 inches in diameter. The outer petals 10-12 or more, a little cordate, but generally rounded, a little recurved and faintly veined, disposed in 2 or 3 series, with a few unequal blotches of white appearing on some of them near the edges, above these there is another row of small incurved thick petals, which rise upright, and become 57G TERNSTRCEMIACE^E. XXVI. Camellia. larger tlie nearer tlicy approach the centre ; from tliese proceed 8 or 10 petals, nearly as large as tliosc at the extremity, and sur- round another set of small incurved petals, thus having the appearance of two flowers, one formed in the centre of the other ; nearly the whole of the petals have a little white stripe at their base, and some will even he variegated ; all are tipped with white in tiie same manner as those of tlie Jl'arala/i. b> cdrnea. Middlemist's Red Camellia. Clt. 1808. This variety is also known under the name of Rose-coloured Ca- mellia. The flowers are similar in colour to the semi-double red but larger. The outer petals are roundish-cordate, arranged in circles over each otlier, they are not numerous, although the flowers may be said to be more than seu)i-doul)ie. Tiie centre petals are short, and vary in form, generally they are roundish and a little twisted, as well as marked witii dark-coloured veins, and all of them have more or less a small white-coloured stripe down tlieir centre. The stamens are at times perfect, but usually ciianged into petals, and the whole altogether resemble a full- blown rose. Ker. bot. reg. 22. Andr. bot. rep. 660. f. 1. a a imbricata. Crimson Shell Camellia. Clt. 1827. This is without doubt the best variety that has been brought from China. The flowers are upwards of 3 J- inches in diameter, and very regular in form, the petals being arranged one above ano- ther, and gradually diminishing in size towards the centre, exactly in tlie manner of the Double White. The colour is of a fine crimson-red and remarkably shewy. When the flowers first begin to open they are concave, but as they expand they become quite flat. The outer petals are nearly round. The centre petals are rather pointed and rise upright. ftjl Pdrksii. Park's Striped Rose Camellia. Clt. 1824. Tin's differs from the common striped. The flowers open well, and measure 4 inches in diameter. They are of a bright rose- colour, irregularly striped or blotched witli white. The outer petals are very large, slightly cordate, occasionally having a fringed ed.'c. Tiiose towards tlie centre are irregular in their form, partly twisted and disposed in a similar manner to tliose of the Common .Stri))ed, giving the whole flower the same con- fused appearance, and sliewing a few imperfect stamens in tlie hollows formed by the twists of the petals. It is upon tlie whole a very handsome variety. It possesses a slight but plea- sant scent, which has also been remarked in the Myrtle-leaved. yy Sahinidna. Sabine's White Camellia. Clt. 1824. The flowers are pure white, .3 inches in expansion, and resemble in their form those of the Pomponc. The outer petals are dis- posed in 2 series and spread nearly flat, about 20 in number ; tliey are round, and but a very little cordate. Those towards the centre of the flower are small and narrow, confusedly ar- ranged, like tlie centre petals of Walbank's White, and rise nearly upright, a few of ihcm are small and incurved, with their sides compressed so as almost to have a tubular ajipcarance. In the centre of the flower several small parcels of stamina sometimes appear, but they are not always discernible, unless closely ex- amined. To these 24 varieties may be added the .Semi-double White and Rose-coloured Waratah, which have been ascertained to be different from any of those described above. The first was purchased on the Continent in \8'ii by Mr. Palmer. The second was introduced from China by the Horticultural .Society in 1 824, neither of which has yet produced perfect flowers in the gardens. N.B. There are numerous other names for varieties known by gardeners, but they appear to be all synonymous with those described above unless they are seedling varieties. • • Names of seedling varieties nhich have been raised in the gardens of Britain. 1 CohAUii (Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. with a figure). Colvill's Striped Camellia. An elegant hybrid, with the petals regu- larly disposed, blotched with white on a red ground. 2 Ithsa Sinensis (Lodd. bot. cab. 1455.). China Rose Ca- mellia. Flowers red. 3 Aitoni (Chandl. cam. 3.). Alton's Large Single Red. 4 n/plcndid Red. a Jlorida (Chandl. cam. 7.). Florid Red. 8 ancmoncjlora-dlba (Chandl. cam. 8.). White Anemone- flowered Camellia. 9 C7(flwf//t'/-( (Chandl. cam. 1-2.). Chandler's Striped Waratah. 10 punetata. Gray's spotted. Flowers pink sjiotted with white. 1 1 Rusa mundi. The Rose of the World. Flowers white and crimson. 12 Prissii. Presse's Single Red. 13 eclipsis, Presse's Eclipse. White and red. 14 rubro-punctdta. Single Red Spotted. Flowers white spotted with red. Common or Japan Camellia. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1739. Tree 20 feet. 2 C. reticula'ta (Liiidl. bot. reg. t. 1078. Hook, bot. mag. t. 2784.) leaves oblong, acuminated, serrated, flat, reticulated; flowers axillary, solitary ; calyx 5-leaved, coloured ; ovary silky, y . G. Native of China. A splendid species, distin- guished from C. Japoiiica in the strongly reticulated leaves, and in the silky ovarium. The flowers are large and elegant, containing from 17-18 petids, which are loosely arrayed, wavy, and generally entire, they are of a clear bright purple, darker towards the ba^e and paler towards the edges ; stamens irre- gularly moniidelphous, in several bundles ; ovary 2-4-celled ; style 2-4-cleft. RcticulaledAcavcA or Captain Rawes's Camellia. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1824. Shrub 10 feet. 3 C. MALiFLoRA (Lindl. bot. reg. 1078. in a note) leaves obovate, convex, bluntly serrated ; flowers terminal and axillary, usually solitary ; branches and petioles pubescent ; ovary smooth. Ij . G. Native of China. C. Sasiinqua flore-pleno, Ker. bot. reg. vol. 7. t. 549. Sims, bot. mng. 2080. An elegant species with small semidouble red flowers. Apple floncred Camellia. Fl. Jan. May. Clt. 1816. Sh. 8 ft. 4 C. Sasa'kqua (Tliunb. fl. jap. p. 273. t. 30.) leaves ovate- oblong, serrated ; flowers terminal and axillary solitary ; branches and ovary villous. ^i-G. Native of Japan and China. .Sasanqua, Kwmpf amoon. 853. Staunt. icon. chin. 2. p. 400, with a figure. This is a tree of middling size, with much smaller leaves and flowers than C. JapOnica. The leaves dried in the sh.ide have a sweet smell : a decoction of them is used by the women in Japan to wash their hair with, and they are mixed with tea to give it a grateful odour ; indeed ihey are hardly to be distinguished from the leaves of that plant. The flowers vary from single to semi- double and double, white. This plant is also cultivated to a great extent by nurserymen on account of the fragrance and elegance of its flowers. I'ar.a; semidouble white. Ker, bot. reg. t. 12. I'ur. ;3 ,• double white. Ker, bot. reg. t. 1091. (S'niaHfyi/n or Lady Bank's Camellia. Fl. Jan. May. Clt. 1811. Tree 10 feet. 5 C. Ki'ssi (Wall, asiat. res. 13. p. 429.) leaves elliptical, serrulated, bluntly acuminate ; flowers sessile, generally soli- tary, axillary, and somewhat terminal, usually 4-petalled, and with 3 distinct, furrowed, woolly styles, which arc about equal in length to the stamens. I; . G. Native of Nipaul at Narain- lietty, where it flowers in September, and where it is called TERNSTRCEMIACE^. XXVI. Camellia. 577 Kcnnnn by the inhabitants. C. Keina, Hamil. mss. in D. Don, prod. fl. nop. p. 92t. This species is very like C Sast'niqun. The flowers are white and fragrant. It is called in the Newar languaije Kiss'i or Kissl-sna. The leaves of this shrub have a very strong but transient smell of tea, but their infusion possesses only to a very slight degree its flavour, owing perhaps, as Mr. Gardner justly observes, to the defective manner of gathering and drying them for the trials which he instituted. It has also been ascertained by Mr. Gardner that the Nipaidese extract an oil from the seed of the Kissi by pressure, which is much valued by them as a medicine. Kissi Camellia. Fl. Dec. to May. Clt. 1 823. Siirub 7 feet. 6 C. olei'fera (Abel. chin. p. HI. with a figure,) leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, serrateil, coriaceous, shining ; flowers soli- tary ; calyxes silky, deciduous ; petals 5-G, 2-lobed. Pj . G. Na- tive of China. Lodd. bot. cab. 1065. This plant resembles the two preceding species. The flowers are very numerous, white, and fragrant. The Chinese extract an oil from the seed by pres- sure, which is in very general use in the domestic economy of China. The seeds are white, and are as well as those of any other species, reduced to a coarse powder, which is stewed or boiled in bags, and then pressed, when the oil is yielded. Dr. Abel, trav. 176. — Ker, bot. reg. 492. Oil-hearing Camellia. Fl. Nov. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 7 C. drupi'fera (Lour. coch. 2. p. 499.) leaves ovate-ob- long, somewhat crenated ; flowers terminal in twos or threes, 8- petalled ; drupe 4-celled. ^2 ■ G. Native of Cochin-China, where it is also cultivated. The flowers are probably white. The inhabitants of Cochin-china extract an oil from the seed by pressure, which is used by them to anoint their hair, and for various medical purposes ; it has a pleasant odour, and does not easily become rancid. It will perhaps prove a distinct genus from Camellia, as well as the following species. Drupe-bearing Camellia. Tree 10 feet. S C. EURYOiDES (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 983.) leaves ovate-lan- ceolate, acuminate, serrated, silky beneath ; branches hairy ; peduncles lateral, 1-flowered, scaly. Ij . G. Native of China. Lodd. bot. cab. 1493. Thea euryoides. Booth in hort. trans. Flowers white. Eunja-like Ca.mc\\\a. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1822. Shrub 4 ft. Cult. All the species of Camellia are universally admired by every collector of plants, on account of their beautiful rose-like flowers, and elegant, dark-green, shining, laurel-like leaves. They are very hardy green-house plants, and are easy of cul- ture, requiring only to be sheltered from severe frost. The best soil for them is an equal quantity of good sandy loam and peat. Messrs. Loddiges find that light loam alone answers as well or better, and in the Comte de Vandes gardens at Bayswater rotten dung is mixed with loam and peat. The pots should be well drained with pieces of potsherds, that they may not get soddened with too much wet, as nothing injures them more than over- watering, particularly when they are not in a growing state. When growing freely, they can scarcely have too much, and they should be watered all over the leaves with a fine rose pot. They are readily increased by cuttings or inarching on the com- moner kinds. The cuttings should be taken off at a joint as soon as they are ripened, and planted in sand under a hand-glass, where they will soon strike root ; when this is the case, they should be planted singly into small pots, and set in a close frame, and they must afterwards be hardened to the air by degrees. (Sweet.) The single red Camellia Japonica is propagated by cuttings or layers and seed for stocks, and on these the other kinds are generally inarched or budded. Henderson, ot Wood-hall near Hamilton, puts in cuttings at any time of the year, except when they are making young wood ; lets them remain in a vinery for a month or more, and then puts them in a hot-bed, where there vol. I. PART. vii. is a little bottom heat. A speedy mode of obtaining stocks is by planting stools in a pit devoted to that purpose, and laying them in aut\mui ; the following autumn most of the layers will be rooted, when they may be taken ofl' and potted, and used as stocks the succeeding spring. Inarching or grafting is per- formed early in the spring, when the plants begin to grow ; the chief care requisite is so to place and fix the pot containing the stock, as that it may not be disturbed during the connection of the scion with the ])arent plant. The graft being clayed over is then covered with moss to prevent its cracking. When inde- pendent grafting is used, the mode called side grafting is generally used, and the operation of tongueing is generally omitted. A few seeds are sometimes obtained from the single and semi-double kinds; these require 2 years to come up, but they make the best stocks of any, but the seedlings are usually allowed to come into flower before they are grafted upon, in case some new variety should be produced, but the best cultivators cross-impregnate the blossoms by cutting off the stamens before the anthers burst, and when the stigma is in a perfect state, dusting it with the pollen of the kind intended for the male parent. C. Sasinqua seeds most readily, and is often employed as the female parent for raising new varieties. The plants so raised from seed, if well treated, flower in 4 or 5 years, and if nothing new is produced they still make excellent stocks. Henderson of Wood-hall, who is one of the most successful growers of Camellias in Scotland, uses the following compost : equal parts of light-brown mould, river sand and peat earth, and a little rotten leaves, mixed well together; and when the camellias require shifting put some broken coal-char in the bottom of the pots, and some dry moss or Hi'ipnum over it. (Cal. mem. 3. p. 316.) Camellias have the best effect, and are grown to most advan- tage, in a house entirely devoted to them. Such a house should be rather high than otherwise, as the plants never look so well as when 6 or 8 feet high, trained in a conic form, and clothed with branches from the root upwards. The plants should be raised near to the glass by means of a stage, which should be so contrived that as they advance in height it may be lowered in proportion ; only the very best crown or patent glass should be used, because it is found that the least inequality of surface or thickness of material, so operates on the sun's rays as to con- centrate them, and burn or produce blotches on the leaves. To grow Camellias in perfection considerable care is requisite. The roots are apt to get matted, so as after a time to render them impervious to water. Hence frequent attention should be paid to see that the water poured on the pots moistens all the earth equally, and does not pass by the sides and leave the middle or principal part dry. When the plants are in a growing state they require to be liberally watered, and to have a greater degree of heat than that which is usually given to green-house plants. If this heat and watering is not given in November and December, the plants will not expand their blossoms freely, neither will vigorous shoots be supplied after the blossoming is over. To form handsome plants they should be trained with single stems to rods, and pruned so as to make them throw out side branches from every part of the stem ; to encourage this, the plants should not be set too close together on the stage. In summer the plants should be set out of doors on a stratum of scoria or on pavement, in a sheltered but open situation, or the glass roof may be taken oflT. Some kinds do very well if planted out in a green-house conservatory. The single and double red Camellia will endure the open air when trained against a south wall, and protected by mats in winter. Henderson, of Wood-hall, gives the following account of his mode of treating Camillias : " The best time for a regular shifting of the Camellia is the month of February and beginning of March. After shifting all those that require it, put them into a peach-house, vinery or pinery, or in 4 E 578 TERNSTRCEMIACEiE. XXVI. Camellia. XXVII. Thea. tlic warmest part of a green-house. Tliey "ill soon begin to make yoimj,' wood. From the time they be<.'in to make their young shoots till they have finished their growth give them plenty of water. They may be kept in the vinery or peach-house until they have formed their flower-buds, when a few of them may be removed to a colder ])lace, such as behind the stage of a green- house, for the Camiltias are fond of being shaded during strong sunshine. In three or four weeks after, a few more of the Camellias may be brought out of the peach-house, and put into a colder situation. This may be repeated three or four times, which will make as many iliHerent successions of Howering. Those that are wanted to come into (lower early may remain in the warm house until they are beginning to Hower, when they should be taken to a cold place, as the coldest place in the green- house, then give them plenty of light only, and they will open their flowers well, and stand long. A Camc/lia cannot stand heat when in flower, indeed they seldom open their flowers well when in heat, at all events the flowers soon fall ort". Those that are kept all the summer in the vinery will come into flower by the 1st or middle of October, and a pretty large plant, having perhaps 50 or 100 flower-buds, will continue in flower till the month of January. Those plants that are removed early from the vinery will now be in flower, to succeed those that were in flower in October, and have now done flowering. These last should lie immediately taken into the heat ; they will make their yomig wood early, and they may remain in heat till they come into flower, which will perhai)s be a month earlier next year. Dy attending to shifting the Camellia plants from the warm-house to the cold, a regular succession of flowers may be had from the first of October to the middle of July." The |)lants jiroduce better flowers from November to April than in the summer months, althoujjh they are sometimes to be had all the year round. Caiiwllias delight to be kept damp all the summer months, and a little shaded from the strong sun. Give them ])leuty of water all the time they are making their young shoots ; they may also get a gentle sprinkling over the leaves once every week during the sunnner months, except when they are in flower. Camillias will stand a great deal of cold and heat without being much injured, but they will- not form many flower-buds without some artificial heat. XXVII. THE'A (altered from Telia, the Chinese name for tea). Lin. gen. no. GG8. D. C. prod. J. p. 5;)0. LiN. svsT. Moiiadelphia, Polijtindiia. Calyx of .5 sepals. Petals 5-9, disposed in 2 or 3 rows, cohering at the very base. Stamens almost unconnected to the very base. Anthers roundish. .Style trifid at the apex. Capsules 3-berried or 3-seeded ; tiic dissepiments are formed from the edges of the valves being bent inwards. (Gicrt. fruct t. 95.) — Beautiful evergreen shrubs, with shining laurel-like leaves, and largish, white, axillary, stalked flowers. 1 T. vi'kidis (Jjin. spec. 735.) leaves elliptic-oblong, serrated, 3 times longer than broad ; flowers of 5-sepals, and 5-7-petals, axillary, solitary, erect ; fruit nodding, dehiscent. Ij . V. Na- tive of China and Jajian. Letts, mon. t. 1. — Ulack. herb. t. 351. (but with the flower red.) T. Holiea stn'eta. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 303. T. Chincnsis, Sims, hot. mag. t. 998. T. Cliinensis, var. a viridis, I). C. prod. 1. p. 530. Camellia viridis. Link. enum. 2. p. 73. Thea Cantonensis, Lour. coch. p. 339. — Lodd. hot. cab. 227. — Woodv. med. hot. suppl. I IG. t. 256. Leaves pale-green. Flowers spreading, white, fragrant. All the different kinds of teas Ijrought to this country from China are the produce of Thea viridis, and the whole dirterences depend u])on soil and climate, and the diflerent ages and periods at which their leaves are gathered, and diflerent modes of drying. Dr. Lettsom observes, that a green-tea planted in the Bohea- 1 tea country will produce Bohea-tea, and on the contrary that a plant brought from the Bohea-tea country jjlanted in the Green- tea country will produce Green-tea. The plant loves to grow in valleys, at the foot of mountains, and u])on the banks of rivers, where it enjoys a southern exposure to the sun, though it endures considerable variation of heat and cold, as it flourishes in the northern clinic of Pekin, as well as about Canton, and it is ob- served, that the degree of cold is as severe in winter as some of the southern parts of Europe. However, the best tea grows in a mild temperate climate, the country about Nankin producing better tea than either Pekin or Canton. In Japan the tea is planted round the borders of fields without reijard to soil or situation, but as the Chinese export great quantities, they plant whole fields with it. The plants are raised from seeds sown where they are to remain. Three or more are drop]ied into a hole ■!• or 5 inches deep ; these come tip without any further trouble, and reciuire little culture, except that of removing weeds. The leaves are not collected from the cultivated plants until they are 3 years old, and after growing 7 or 10 years they are cut down, in order that the numerous young shoots that will then rise may afford a greater supply of leaves. The best time to gather the leaves is while they are small, young, and juicy. The first gathering of tea leaves, according to K;empfer, commences about the latter end of February, wjien the leaves are young, and unexpanded. The second collection is made about the be- ginning of April, and the third in June. The first collection, which only consists of fine tender leaves, is most esteemed, and is called Imperial tea. The second is called Tootsjaa or Chinese tea, because it is infused and drank after the Chinese manner. The last, which is the coarsest and cheapest, is drank by the lower class of people. Besides the three kinds of tea here noticed, it may be observed, that by sorting these the varieties of tea become still further multiplied. The tea-trees that yield often the finest leaves grow on the steep declivities of hills, where it is dangerous, and in some cases impracticable to collect them. The Chinese are said to vaiupiish this dilKculty by a singular contrivance. The large monkies which inhabit these cliff's are irritated, and in revenge they break oft' the branches and throw them down, so that the leaves are thus olitained. The leaves should be dried as soon as possible after they are gathered. The buildings or drying houses contain from 5 to 10 or 20 small furnaces, about 3 feet high, each having at the top a large flat iron pan. There is also a long low table, covered with mats, on which the leaves are laid and rolled by workmen, who sit round it ; the iron pan being heated lo a certain degree, a few pounds of fresh gathered leaves are put upon it, the fresh and juicy le.ives crak when they touch the pan, and it is the business of the operator to shift them as quick as possible with his bare hands, till they become too hot to be easily endured. At this instant the leaves arc taken ofl' with a kind of shovel, like a fan, and thrown on the mats before the rollers, who, taking small quantities at a time, roll them in the palms of their hands in one direction, while others are fanning them that they may cool the more speedily, and retain their curl the longer. This process is repeated two or three times, or oftener, before the tea is put into the stores, in order that all the moisture of the leaves may be thoroughly dissipated, and their curl more comi)letely preserved. On every repetition the pan is less heated, and the operation performed more slowly and cautiously. The tea is then separated into the different kinds, and de])osited in the store for domestic use or exportation. The country people cure their tea-leaves in earthen kettles, which answer every necessary jinrpose at less trouble and expense than the process described above, and they .ire thus enabled to .sell it cheaper. After the tea has been kept for some months, it is taken out of the vessels in which it was stored, and dried again TERNSTRCEMIACEiE. XXVII. Tiiea. OLACINE.I:. 579 over a very gentle fire, that it may be deprived of any humidity whicli remained, or it might have since contracted. Tiiat which is brought down to Canton undergoes a second roasting, winnow- in'.!, piickinti;, &c. from wlience it is sent to F.urope. The Chinese know notliing of Imperial tea, Hower of tea, and many other names which in Europe serve to distinguish the goodness and the price of tea ; but besides the common tea they distinguish two other kinds, viz. the Fold and Soiimlo, which are reserved for people of the first quality, and those who are sick. We have two principal kinds of tea in Europe, viz. Green tea, which is the conmion tea of the Chi- nese ; T. Le Compte calls it Bing-lea, and s.ays it is gathered in April ; Bohea tea, which is the J'oui or I'ou-tcha of the Chinese, INl. Le Compte makes to differ from the Green tea only by its being gathered a month before it, viz. in March, while in the bud. Others take it for the tea of some particular province, the soil being found to make as much alteration in the properties of tea as the time of gathering. As to the difterence of flavour and colour peculiar to these two kinds, Dr. Lettsom thinks that there is rea- son to suspect that they are produced by art. As to the opinion that green tea owes its verdure to an inflorescence acquired from the plates of copper on which it is supposed to be curled or dried, there is no foundation for the suspicion, as the infu- sions imdergo no change on the aflusion of volatile alkali, which would detect the minutest portion of copper by turning the liquors blue. On the whole, Dr. Lettsom thinks it not impro- bable that some green dye, prepared from vegetable substances, is employed in the colouring of the leaves of the green teas. And Newmann suspects that the brown colour and flavour of the bohea teas are introduced by art. Both convey their own particular colour to water, but to rectified spirits they both im- part a fine deep-green. Savory speaks of a sort of red tea or 'I'artar tea, called Honan-tcha, which tinges the \'\ater of a pale- red ; it is said to be extremely digestive ; by means of it the Tartars are said to be able to feed on raw flesh. The drink tea is made in China and the greatest part of the East in the same man- ner as in Europe. The Japanese are said to prepare their liquor in a somewhat different manner, by pulverizing the leaves, stirring the powder in hot water, and drinking it as we do coffee. The Chinese are always taking tea, especially at meals, sometimes 3, 6, or 10 times a day ; it is the chief treat with which they regale their friends. With regard to the commercial history of tea, it was first introduced into Europe by the Dutch East India Company very early in the ITth century, and a quantity of it was brought over from Holland by Lord Arlington and Lord Os- sory about the year 1666, at which time it was sold for 60s. a pound. But it appears, even before this time, drinking of tea even in public coffee-houses in this country was not uncommon, for in 1660 a duty of 8d. per gallon was laid on the liquor made and sold in all coffee-houses. The present consumption of it is immense, both amongst the rich and the poor. Tea is extolled as the greatest of all medicines, moderately and properly taken ; it acts as a gentle astringent and corroborative ; it strengthens the stomach and bowels, and is good against nau- seas, indigestions, and diarrhoeas. It acts as a diaphoretic and diuretic. The immoderate use of it is, however, very prejudicial. It refreshes the spirits in heaviness and sleepiness, and seems to counteract the effects of inebriating liquors. The activity of tea chiefly resides in the fragrant and volatile parts, which stands charged as the cause of those nervous affections that are said to be produced or aggravated by the use of this liquor. From Dr. Smith's experiments it appears tiiat green tea has the effect of destroying the sensibility of the nerves and the irritability of the muscles ; and from the experiments of Dr. Lettsom it ap- pears that green tea gives out on distillation an odorous water. which is powerfully narcotic, but in a more recent state, as in China, it is still more powerfully narcotic, therefore the Chinese never use it until it is one year old or more, till its volatile parts are still further dissipated. It would, therefore, appear that what are considered the finer teas, contain more of this narcotic principle than what are considered the coarser kinds, especially the green teas, as the more odorous teas in this country often shew their sedative powers in weakening the nerves of the stomach, and indeed of the whole system. Its effects, however, seem to be very different in different persons, and hence the contradictory accounts that are reported of these effects. The substitutes for teas used by the Chinese may be mentioned. A species of moss common to the moimtains or Shantung, an in- fusion of ferns of diflferent sorts, and Dr. Abel thinks that the leaves of the common Camellia and oil Camillia may be added, and Kaempfer asserts that in Japan, a species of Camellia, as well as O lea fragrans, is used to give tea a high flavour. By far the strongest tea Dr. Abel tasted in China was that called Yulien, used only on occasions of ceremony. It scarcely colour- ed the water, and on examination it was found to consist of buds and half-expanded leaves. As more select sorts of tea, the flowers of Camellia Sasanqua appear to be collected ; the buds also appear to be gathered in some cases. Common or Green Tea. Fl. Sept. Dec. Clt. 1768. .Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 2 T. Bohe'a (Lin. spec. 743.) leaves elliptical-oblong, obtuse, crenated, twice as long as broad ; flowers of 5 sepals, and .5 petals, axillary, twin or tern. ^ . G. Native of China and Japan. Blackw. herb. t. 352. Letts, mon. ed. 1. with a figure. Lois, herb. amat. t. 255. Lodd. bot. cab. 226. T. Chinensis /3 Bohea, Sims, hot. t. 998. D. C. prod. 1. p. 530. Leaves dark-green, coriaceous. Flowers spreading, white. This is falsely called Bohea tea, as we find the Bohea teas of the shops, as well as other kinds, both green and black, to be the leaves of the former species. — Ksenipf. amoen. t. 606. Bohea Tea. Fl. Nov. Feb. Clt. 1780. Shrub 2 to G feet. 3 T. Cochinchine'nsis (Lour. coch. 338.) leaves lanceolate ; flowers of 3-5-sepals and 5 jietals, solitary, terminal ; fruit 3-lobed, usuallj* 1 -seeded, opening at the apex. ^ . G. Native in the north of Cochin-china, where it is also cultivated. Flowers white. This species is used by the inhabitants of Cochin-china medicinally, especially in hot weather, as a sudorific and refri- gerent in decoction. Cochin-china Tea. Shrub 8 feet. 4 T. OLEOSA (Lour. coch. 339.) leaves lanceolate ; flowers of 6-sepals and 6-petals ; peduncles 3-flowered, axillary ; fruit indehiscent. Jj . G. Native of China about Canton. Flowers white. An oil is obtained from the seed of this shrub, whicli the inhabitants of China use both for the table, and to burn in lamps. The fruit is more of a berry than a capsule. It is pro- bably Camellia oleifera of Abel. Oily Tea. Shrub 8 feet. Cull. For the cultivation and propagation see Camillia. The species only require to be protected from severe frost. Order XXXVIII. OLACI'NE^ (plants agreeing with 0'/«.<. in important characters). Mirb. bull, philom. 1813. no. 75. p. 377. D. C. prod. 1. p. 531. Calyx of 1 sepal (f. 100. a.), somewhat toothed, at length usually enlarged and baccate (f. 100./;.), perhaps it is an involu- crum. Petals (sepals ?) 4-6, hypogvTious, rather coriaceous, valvate in xstivation, sometimes free, sometimes all or some of them con- nected by pairs (f. 100. b.), and therefore appear semibifid (f. 4 E 2 580 OLACINE/E. I. Olax. II. SrcRMAXVBiM. 100. d.). Appendages hair-formed or filiform, simple (f. 100. rf.), or bifid, rising from the disk of the ])ctals or near the mar- gins oftlicm (f. 100. c). Stamens 3 (f. 100. 6.) to 10, hypogy- iious (f. 100. 6.) or epipetalous ; filaments compressed, awl- shaped ; anthers cordate-oblong, erect, 2-cellcd ; ovary free, I (f. 100. 1.) -4-celled; cells 1-seeded. Style 1, filiform (f. 100. c). Fruit somewhat drupaceous, indchiscent, girded by the large fleshy calyx, 1 -celled, 1-seedcd from abortion (f. 100. //. /.). Seed pendulous, umbilicate at the base. .Mbumcn fleshy, large. Fnibryo small, enclosed in the albumen, egg-shaped, basilar, with the radicle directed towards the umbilicus, and with continuous cotyledons. .Smooth trees or shrubs, with simple, stalked, al- ternate, exstipidate, entire leaves, rarely without, and small axil- lary flowers. The place which this order should occupy in the natural system is extremely doubtful. If the calyx is to be considered an involucre and the petals a calyx, then Olaiinece must come in the subclass Monochlamydetv, not far from San- laliiccee, but if the corolla and calyx arc admitted the order comes into subclass Cahjcijlorcc, not far from Sapotcw, but if the petals are to be considered as distinct or variously joined, Olaclncce must be admitted into subclass Tliiilaniijlorce. Synopsis of the Genera. § 1. Petals tnive the number of the antheriferous stamens. 1 O'tAX. Calyx entire. Petals 6, joined to the middle by pairs. Appendages 6, filiform, bifid. Stamens 3, adnate with each other and with the petals. 2 Sperma'xyrcm. Calyx entire (f. 100. a.), not enlarging. Petals 5, 4 of which are joined to the middle by pairs, and with the stamens, the middle one free. Appendages filiform, simple (f. 100. flncco/nctioUs. Sjiines axillary. True Limonia. 12 L. AciDi'ssiMA (Lin. mant. 380.) leaves with 2 pairs of obovate, somewhat emarginate leaflets ; spines solitary ; fruit egg-shaped. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies. — Kumph. anib. 2. t. 13. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, whitish. Filaments 10. Fruit .ibout the size of a nutmeg, yellowish, but reddish when perfectly ripe. Pulp flesh-coloured, very acid, and is used by the inliabilants of Java instead of soap. lery-acid-irvMcA Limonia. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 13 L. crenula'ta (Roxb. cor. 1. t. 80.) leaves pinnate, with 2 or 3 pairs of oblong-ellij)tical cronulated leaflets ; spines soli- tary ; fruit globose. 1; . S. Native on the Coromandel coast. Calyx 4-cleft. Petals 4, white. Stamens 8. — Rheed. mal. 4. t. 14. Fruit about tlie size of a large pea, when ripe black. It is much used on the coast of Malabar as a medicine. Flowers sweet-scented. Petioles with broad wings. CrcHH/a/c-leaved Limonia. Fl. July. Clt. 1808. Shrub 0 to 1 0 feet. 14 L. ambi'gua (D. C. i)rod. 1. p. 536.) leaves pinnate ; spines in pairs ; leaflets roiuullsh-oval. '; . G. Cultivated in Eastern Florida? L. acidissima ? Nutt. in SiUim. journ. amer. 5. 1822. p. 295. Perhaps a variety of L. acidissima or L. cre- nuliita. Ambiguous Limonia. Shrub 6 feet. Cull. The species of Limonia will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, with the addition of a little rotten dung ; ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. IV. SCLEROSTYLIS (o-cXi/fioc, sclcros, hard, and arv Xor, stylos, a style ; in allusion to the style being thick and hard). Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. liinna-a. 1. p. 665. Lin. svst. Oclo-Dccnndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-5-parted. Petals 4-5, connivent or spreading. Stamens free, double the number of the petals ; fllaments awl-shaped, flat, alternate ones for the most part longest ; anthers cordate. Ovary 1-3-celled. Style short, thick, crowned by an obtuse stigma. Berry dry, 1-2-cclled, 1-2-secded. Auricles of cotyledons inconspicuous. Shrubs with sim])le or impari-pinnate leaves. This genus is nearly allied to Triphasia. • Leaves simple. 1 S. spin6sa (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnasa. 1. p. 664.) spinose ; leaves ol)l()ng, acutish, rounded at the base, obsoletely crenidated ; pediuicles 1 -flowered, solitary or crowded; ovary 3-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Ij . S. Native of Java. Limonia spinosa, Sprcng. syst. append. 162. Sjinose Sclerostylis. Shrub. 2 S. lanceola'ta (Blum. I. c.) unarmed; leaves oblong-lan- ceolate, bluntish at the apex ; racemes axillary, short. fj . S. Native of Java. Glycosinis simplicifolia, Spreng. Ovary 2- celled ; cells 1 -seeded. /,«HCto/«/t'-leaved Sclerostylis. Shrub. • • Leaves simple and trifoliate. 3 S. trifoi.ia'ta (Rlum. 1. c.) unarmed ; leaves simple or tri- foliate, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse ; racemes axillary, very short. I; . S. Native of Java. Glycosmis trifoliata, Spieng. Ovary 3-celle(l; cells I -seeded. Trifoliate Sclerostylis. Shrub. AURANTIACE.'E. IV. Sclerostylis. V. Cookia. VI. iMuukava. VII. Mickomelum. VIII. Aglaia. 585 • • * Leaves imimri-phmale. 4 S. pentapiiy'lla (Blum. 1. c.) unarmed; leaflets 5, rarely 7, oval-oblong, obtuse ; racemes axillary, very short ; berry globose, y^ . S. Native of Java. Ovary 3-celletl ; cells 1- seetled. Five-leaved Sclerostylis. Slirub. 5 S. ? macrophv'lla (Blum. 1. c.) unarmed ; leaflets usually .'), rarely twin or ternate, ovate-oblong, obtusely acuminated, ([uite entire ; racemes divaricate, axillary, very long, tapering to both ends, fj . S. Native of Java. Calyx 5-toothed. Ovary 3-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. Perhaps Glycosmis pentaphylla. Loiig-kavcd Sclerostylis. Shrub. Cult. Loam and peat will Ijc a good mixture for these shrubs, with the addition of a little rotten dung, and ripened cuttings will root if planted in a pot of sand placed under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. V. COO'KIA (in memory of the celebrated circumnavigator, Captain James Cook, R. N., who was killed in the Sandwich Islands in 1779). Sonner. voy. 2. p. 130. t. 131. D. C.prod. 1. p. 537. Lin. svst. Decdndria, I\IonogiJnia. Calyx S-cleft. Petals 5, navicidar, villous. Stamens 10, with free linear filaments and roundish anthers. Ovary villous. Fruit baccate, somewhat globose, 5-celled, or 1-2-celled from abortion ; cells 1-seeded. Small trees with impari-pinnate leaves ; leaflets alternate, vm- equal at the base or oblique. 1 C. puncta'ta (Retz. obs. 6. p. 29.) leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, hardly unequal at the base. Tj . G. Native of China and the Jloluccas. Jacq. schcenbr. 1. t. 101. Lam. ill. t. 35i. Quinaria Lansium, Lour. coch. 272. — Rumph. amb. 1. t. 55. A middle-sized tree bearing eatable fruit about the size of a pigeon's egg, yellow on the outside ; pidp white, rather acrid but sweet. Flowers small, white, disposed in race- mose panicles. There are 2 other figures of La7isiums in Rumph. amb. which are probably varieties of this plant or perhaps dis- tinct species. The fruit is sold in the markets at Canton. Z)o/to/ Wampee-tree. Clt. 1795. Tree 20 feet. 2 C. falca'ta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 537.) petals with 4 furrows on the inside ; leaflets lanceolate, falcate. T^ . G. Native of Cochin-china. Aulacea falcata. Lour, cochin. 273. Branches spreading. Flowers small, white, in terminal racemes. Sickle-]ea.\'ed Wampee-tree. Shrub S feet. 3 C. cyanoca'rpa (Blum, ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 665.) leaflets oblong, acuminated at both ends, bluntish ; corymbs solitary, axillary, and terminal. Tj . S. Native of Java. Gly- cosmis cyanocarpa, .Spreng. syst. app. p. 161. Leaflets 5-7, alternate. Calyx 5-leaved. Petals 5, oval, concave, connivent. Stamens 10, awl-shaped, free, equal, compressed. Anthers cor- date. Ovary girded by a tumid disk, 5-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Stigma obtuse, sessile. Berry oval, dry, 1-seeded. Cotyledons obvolute. Blue-fruited Wampee-tree. Tree 20 feet. 4 C. chlorospe'rma (Blum. I.e. p. 664.) leaflets oblong-lan- ceolate, obtusely acuminated ; racemes compound, terminal, and axillary. T; . S. Native of Java. Glycosmis chlorosperma, Spreng. Leaflets 5-7, altorn.ite. Calyx 5-leaved. Petals elliptic. Stamens for the most part 9, free, awl-shaped, com- pressed, unequal. Anthers cordate. Ovary tumid at the base, 5-ccllcd; cells 1-seeded. Style almost wanting, crowned by an obtuse stigiTia. Berry coriaceous, globose, 1 -celled, 1-3-seeded. Cotyledons usually lobed. Perhaps a genus allied to Glycosmis. Grecn-ieeded Wampee-tree. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. The species of Coukia thrive very well in a mixture of loam and peat ; ripened cuttings, not deprived of any of their VOL. I. PART VII. leaves, will root in a pot of sand plunged under a hand-glass, iji a moist heat. VI. MURRATA (in honour of John Andrew Murray, a Swedish botanist, once Professor of Medicine and Botany in the university of Gottingen, a pupil of Linna?us, and editor of some of his works, especially an edition of his .Systema). Keen. in Schreb. gen. no. 717. D. C. prod. 1. p. 5SCy Marsana, Sonn. voy. ind. 3. t. 139. Lin. syst. Decdndna, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla campamdate, 5-petalled. Stamens 10, with linear-awl- shaped filaments, and roundish anthers. Fruit baccate, fleshy, 2-celled, but usually 1-celied from abortion ; cells 1-seeded. Seed pendulous, with a thick woolly covering. Auricles of cotyledons small (Mirb.). Trees with impari-pinnate leaves, and white, sweet-scented flowers. Fruit eatable. 1 M. exo'tica (Lip. mant. 563.) leaflets 7-9. obovate, obtuse ; peduncles many-flowered, corymbose ; berries roiuidisli, usually l-see^ed. T2 . S. Native of the East Indies. Ker. bot. reg. 434. — Murr. comm. goett. 9. p. 186. t. 1. Lam. ill. t. 352. Chalcas Japonensis, Lour. coch. 271. Marsana buxifolia, Sonn. itin. ind. t. 139. — Rumph. amb. 5. p. 29. t. 18. f. 2. Fruit red. Flowers white, sweet-scented. £a:o^;c Murraya. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1771. Shrub 10 ft. 2 M. panicula'ta (Jack. mal. misc. 1. no. 2. p. 31.) leaflets ovate, acuminated ; flowers terminal and axillary, usually pani- cled ; berries oblong, usually 2-seeded. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies. Hook, exot. fl. t. 79. Chalcas panicuh\ta. Lour, cochin. 270. — Rumph. amb. 5. p. 26. t. 17. Flowers white, vvitli the scent of jasmine. Fruit about the size of a small Capsicum, red, with a strong scent like the gooseberry. Panicled Mmrdiya.. Fl. July. Clt. 1823. Tree 20 feet. 3 M. longifolia (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. LinuKa. 1. p. 665.) leaflets 3-5, oblong, acute at the base ; racemes terminal. >2 . S. Native of Java. Petals 5, linear, spreading. Anthers ovate. Ovary tumid at the base, 3-celled ; cells 3-seeded. Stigma obtuse, sessile. Lo?!g-/eai)cd Murray a. Shrub 10 feet. Cult. These shrubs will thrive well in a mixture of turfy loam and peat, and ripened cuttings, not deprived of any of their leaves, will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. VII. MICROME'LUM (from ^iicpoc, micros, small, and fiTiXoi', melon, apple ; fruit small). Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 665. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx urceolate, entire, permanent. Petals 5, linear, spreading. Stamens 10, free ; filaments awl-shaped, alternate ones shortest; anthers roundish, didymous. Ovary 5-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Style thick, crowned by an obtuse stigma. Berry dry, with 5 papery, twisted dissepiments inside, lamellate, I-2-seeded. Cotyledons leafy, twisted. This genus is nearly allied to Mnrraya and Cookia. A tree with impari-pinnate leaves and alternate oblique leaflets, and terminal corymbs of flowers. 1 M. pube'scens (Blum. 1. c.) leaflets 7-9, ovate, obtusely acuminated, puberulous beneath as well as the branches and corymbs. Tj . S. Native of Java. Pubescent Micromelum. I'ree 20 feet. Cult. To be cultivated and propagated in the same manner as that recommended for Murrdya. VIII. AGLAPA (from ayXata, aglaia, one of the Graces, which expresses beauty ; given to this genus, which is remark- able for its beauty and the sweet scent of the flowers). Lour, coch. p. 2 1 6. D. C. prod. 1. p. 537. Lin. svst. Monadelphia, Pentandria. Calvx 5-parted. 4 F 586 AURANTIACE/E. VIII. Aglaia. IX. Beroera. X. Claiclna. XI. Glycosmis. Petals 5. Stamens 5-10, with the filaments as in the McUiicece, connected into an ovate tube or attached to an urceolate nectary, with enclosed anthers. Stij^nia broad, sessile. Ovary 1 -celled, enclosing 2 ovnlae. Berry I-seeded (mal. misc. 1. no. 2. p. 33.) Shrubs or trees with inipari-pinnate leaves and axillary panicles or racemes of yellow flowers. 1 A. odora'ta (Lour, cocli. p. 173.) leaves pinnate, with 5 or 7 glossy leafleu. f; . G. Native of Cochin-china and China. Opilia odorata, Sprcng. syst. 1. p. 7Ce. Cuniuniuni Sinensc, Rumph. amb. 5. p. 28. t. 18. The leaves have a bitter and acrimonious taste. The flowers are small, yellow, and sweet- scented, and are said to be used by the Chinese to scent their teas. Berries small, red, eatable when ripe. Swcet-scented-RowexeCi Aglaia. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1810. Shrub C to 1 0 feet. 2 A. ODORATi'ssiMA (Blum. ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 250.) leaflets usually 2 pairs, oblong, bluntish, l)eneath as well as the panicles clothed with very fine scales ; panicles pyramidal. Jj . S. Native of Java. Flowers small, yellow, very sweet- scented. Very sweet-scented Aglaia. Shrub 10 feet. 3 A. roi.YSTA'ciiiA (Wall, in Koxb. fl. ind. 429.) leaflets of few pairs, oblong, lanceolate, acuminated, very smooth, ob- lique at the base ; racemes paniclcd, axillary ; flowers nearly sessile. Jj . S. Native of Silhet in the East Indies. Panicle composed of racemes of small, yellow, sweet-scented flowers. Many-spiked .Aglaia. Tree 40 feet. 4 A. Slli'nci (Blum, ex Spreng. 1. c.) leaflets usually 2 pairs, elliptical-oblong, bluntish, and are as well as the corymbose panicles smooth. Tj . S. Native of Java. Suling's .\glaia. Tree. 5 A. ELLi rricA (Blum, ex Spreng. 1. c.) leaflets usually 2 pairs, elliptic-oblong, clothed with rusty down beneath as well as the loose elongated panicles. I7 . S. Native of Java. Elliptical-leaved Aglaia. Shrub. C A. srnciosA (Blum, ex Spreng. 1. c.) leaflets usually 4 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, acute, clothed with brown scales be- neath as well as the ])anicles. Ij . S. Native of Java. Shewy Aglaia. Tree 20 feet. 7 A. DECA'NDRA(Wall.inRoxb. fl.ind. 2.p.t27.)leaflets usually G pairs, oblong, acuminated, pubescent on both surfaces as well as the panicles, which are axillary ; flowers decandrous ; fruit 5-seeded. »; . S. Native of Nipaul. Flowers yellow, small, sweet-scented. Decandrous Aglaia. Tree 50 feet. 8 A. aroe'ntea (Blum, ex Spreng. 1. c.) leaflets many pairs, cordate, oblong, acuminated, covered with silvery leprosy be- neath ; panicles elongated, divaricating. I; . S. Native of Java. 5i7feri/-leaved Aglaia. Tree 30 feet. Cult. The species of this genus will thrive well in a mixture of turfy loam and peat, and young cuttings, which are ripened at the base, taken oflT at a joint, will root in sand under a hand- glass, in heat. IX. BERGE'RA (in honour of C. J. Berger, once professor of Botany at Kiel). Keen, in Schreb. gen. no. 718. D. C. pro.l. l.p. 537. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla 5-parted. Stamens 10, with awl-shaped, compressed fila- ments and roundish anthers. Style somewhat conical. Ovary ;J-celled, 2-ovulate. Fruit baccate, usually 1 -celled and 1- seeded. Seed appendent with a membranaceous covering. Au- ricles of cotyledons large (Mirb. 1. c). This genus is perha))S sufficiently distinct from Murraya. Trees with inipari-pinnate leaves ; leaflets alternate, acuminated, pubescent. 1 B. KiEsi'cii (Lin. mant. 5G5.) leaflets serrated. I; . S. 1 Native of the East Indies. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1019 — Rumph. amb. 1. p. 149. t. 53. f. 1. Murraya Ka.'nigii, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 315. Racemes many, forming a corymb at the top of the branches. Flowers small, whitish-yellow. Fruit the size and form of a pigeon's egg, of a yellow colour. The pidp is easily separated when ripe, and gives out a kind of white juice before it is ripe when cut or l)roken, which blackens the skin as the outer covering of walnuts does in Europe, but when ripe it is grateful to the palate, and is much sought after by the inhabitants. The taste resembles that of white currants. The wood is hard and durable, and is used to make many implements of husbandry. Kwnig's Bi-Tgcra. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1820. Tree 40 ft. 2 B. iNTEGRifoLiA (Roxb. cx Lamb. herb. D. C. prod. 1. p. 537.) leaflets quite entire. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies. Panicle subcorymbose, terminal. Flowers whitish. Enlirc-leaicd lieTgcra. Fl. Jun. Jul. Clt. 1823. Tree. Cull. The species of Bcrn'cra will thrive well in a mixture of turfy loam and peat ; and young cuttings, ripened at the bottom, taken oflT at a joint, will root in sand under a hand- glass, in heat. X. CL.\UCE"NA (meaning unknown). Burm. ind. p. 89. D. C. syst. 1. p. 538. Lin. syst. Oclo-Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-5-toothed. Petals 4-5, oval, concave, spreading. Stamens 8-10, with awl- shaped filaments, which are excavated, dilated, and conniving at their base, and ovate or roundish anthers. Ovary 4-celled ; cells 1-2-secded. Style short, cylindrical. Stigma obtuse. Fruit almost dry, 1-celled, 1-seeded from abortion. Seed ap- pendent, with a membranaceous covering. Auricles of coty- ledons large, retuse. Trees with impari-pinnate leaves, and stalked pubescent leaflets. Flowers very small, disposed in lax panicles. 1 C. excava'ta (Burm. ind. t. 29.) leaflets 13 or 15, ovate, acuminate, unecpial-sided ; petioles and terminal panicles pu- berulous. fj . S. Native of Java. Murraya Burmanni, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 315. C. Jav6nsis, Raeusch. I'^lowers white, oc- landrous. i?jcacahrastus is certainly a sort of orange (Bibl. hot. .'!2.), which fruit, according to Athenieus, first travelled into Greece from Persia (Evelyn), and in time became known to the Greeks, and about the same time it began also to be cidtivated in Jiidea. If the Median a])ple be the orange, the Irislcs sued of Virgil, and the iicrts mcdidlw of Palladius, it must have been nuich cor- rected by cidtnre ; the latter author, Theophrastus, and Pliny, .Ml speak of it as not eatable, though they celebrate its medicinal ([ualities far above its desert. It has been conjectured by many commentators, from the cir- cumstance of Jews at the present day carrying Citrons to the Feast of the Tabernacles, that it was the fruit (" Hadar") spoken of in the 23d cha]). kh ver. of the Book of Leviticus. In old Samaritan coins Citrons may be observed attached to the palm on one side. Josephus mentions a custom of great antiquitV' 1'hus on one occasion, when Alexander the king and the high priest stood at the altar, the people revolted, and threw at him the Citrons ihcy bore in their hands. It is, however, probable, that no particular fruit was alluded to, and it was not until the days of Solomon that Citrons became known. 'i'here are 3 varieties of the Citron enumerated by Risso in ann. du. mus. 20. p. 199 and 200. which are as follows : 1 Large Citron (Engl.), Gros Scdrou (Nice), Cedrat a gros fruit (^Vt.), CVf/ro«c (Ital.). Citrus Medica friictumdiimo (Risso). Fruit large, wrinkled, copper-coloured, with a very thick rind and acid pulp. Vole. p. 1 19. Gal. p. 98. no. 2. The j)rincipal diH'er- ence which separates this variety from the species is the great size of its fruit. The leaves are oval-olilong and thick, of a glaucous green-colour. The flowers are large, white, and numerous ; the stamens are much longer than the pistil. The fruit is large, with a thick rind, adhering closely to the pidp, which is a little acid. 2 Monstrous Citron (Engl.), Cedro monstnioso (Ital.), Sedrou (Nice), Cedrat mnnstrueux (Fr.), Citrus Medico tiibcrosa (Risso). Fruit monstrous, mucronated, yellow, with acid pidj). I'err. hesp. 357. Vole. p. 102. Gal. p. 100. no. 5. From the tuber- cles and teats, which ordinarily cover the fruit, the name is derived. The leaves are large, usually curled, and of a dark- green colour, ])laced on short petioles. 'J'he flowers are dis- posed in a corymb. The fruit is roundish oval, of a dark-yellow colour, usually terminating in a short point at the apex ; the rind is thick, and is covered with large tubercles, which even penetrate to the middle of the pulp, which is acid, and does not contain any seeds. 3 Florence Citron (Engl.), CcdratcUo di Fircnze (Ital.), Cc- drat de Florence (Fr), Citrus Midica Florcntina (Risso). Fruit small, ovate, acuminated, very sweet-scented, with a thick yel- low rind and acid pulp. Vole. p. 133. Desf. p. 138. Gal. p. 103. no. 7. This variety is a very pretty tree. The l)ranches are spiny and green. The leaves are oval-oblong, toothed, and pointed, of a glaucous-green colour. The flowers are disposed in a tuft at the summits of the branches. The calyx is 5-toothed. The corolla is composed of 5 or 8 petals, which are tinted with violet on the outside. .Stamens from 30 to 30, with twisted filaments, which are as long as the pistil. The fruit is ovate, gradually tapering to the apex into a point ; the rind is thick, of a clear yellow colour, with a sweet scent, and covered with a few tubercles ; the i)ulp is divided into 8-cells, and is truly acid. The Portuguese had many of the most curious sorts of Lemons and Citrons, brought from the Indies formerly, which seemed to thrive aliuost as well there as in their native soil, and yet they have not been increased. There are a few trees still re- maining in some neglected gardens near Lisbon, almost un- noticed by the inhabitants (Nlartyn). The Lemon was first cul- tivated in Britain in the botanic garden at Oxford in 1048. (Ilort. kew). The useful parts of the Lemon and Citron are the juice and the outward rind of the fruit, and the volatile oil of the outer rind. The juice of Lemons is analogous to that of the Orange, from whicli it oidy dill'ers in containing more citric acid, and less syrup. 'J'he quantity of the former is indeed so great that the acid has been naiued from the fruit, acid of Lemons, and is always prei)ared from it. 'J'he sim))le expressed juice will not keep on account of the syrup, extractive mucilage, and water, wliich cause it to ferment. The yellow peel is an elegant aro- matic, and is fre(|ueiuly employed in stomachic tinctures and in- fusions ; and yields by ex])ression or distillation with water an essential oil, which is much used in perfumery. Fresh Lemon- AURANTIACE/E. XIV. Cnuus. 58i) juice is truly specific in the prevention anil cure of scurvy ; tliat is, its effects are certain, and cannot be explained, for the crys- talized acid, and even the rob or inspissated syrup, do not pro- duce the same salutary eftects. It is given freely mixed with water and sugar, and in a short time the symptoms disappear. The juice is also a powerful and agreeable antiseptic. Its ])owers are much increased, according to Dr. Wright, by saturating it with muriate of soda. This mixture he recommends as possess- ing very great efficacy in dissentory, remittent fevers, the belly- ache, putrid sore-throat, and as being perfectly specific in dia- betes and lienteria. Citric-acid is often used with great success for allaying vomiting ; with this intention it is mixed with car- bonate of potass, from which it expels the carbonic acid with effervescence. This mixture should be drank as soon as it is made, or the carbonic acid gas, on which its anti-emetic power chiefly depends, may be extricated in the stomach itself, by first swallowing the carbonate of potass dissolved in water, and drinking immediately afterwards the acid properly sweetened. Tlie doses are about a scruple of the carbonate dissolved in 8 or 10 drachms of water, and an ounce of Lemon-juice, or an equi- valent quantity of Citric-acid. Lemon-juice, as well as Lime- juice, is also an ingredient in many pleasant refrigerent drinks, which are of very great use in allaying febrile heat and thirst. Of these the most generally useful is Lemonade, or diluted Lemon, or Lime-juice sweetened. (Duncan, edinb. disp. p. 309.) Median Apple or Citron. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1648. Tree 8 to 15 feet. 2 C. LiMETTA (Risso, ann. mus. 20. p. 195. t. 2. f. 1.) pe- tioles subalate ; leaves ovate-roundish, serrated ; flowers with 30 stamens ; fruit globose, with a blunt nipple-like protuberance at tlie apex, a firm rind, and sweet pulp. I; . G. Native of Asia, but cultivated in Italy. C. Medica Limon, Gal. citr. no. 10, 25-38. Ferr. hesp. t. 230. 395. 233. 321. Corolla white on both sides. This is commonly called Sweet Lime or Lemon, Bergamolie, Limeta, Pcretia, Lima dolce, Lime doi/ce, Limo diilcis, Limetta Bcrgamotta. A rather tall tree, with diverging branches. The corolla is of a fine white colour, and composed of 5 oblong petals, which are rounded at the apex, covered with small pores full of essential aromatic oil. There are also 7 varieties of this enumerated by Risso, which are as follows : 1 Small-fruited Stvcet Lime (Eng\.). Lemetlier petit fruit. Petit Lime douce (Ft.), Limadolce piccota{ha\.), Limeta picounaCNice), Citrus Limetta fructu pumilo (Risso). Fruit small, somewhat depressed, crowned, of a yellow-greenish colour, with a very smooth rind and sweet pulp. This variety is cultivated in the gardens. It differs from the species to which it is analogous, in the tree being lower in stature, and in the leaves being more toothletted on the edges. 2 Lemon-formed Street Lime (Engl.) Limettier limoniforme (Fr.), Limoun douce (Nice), Lima dolce (Ital.), Citrus Limetta limoniforme (Risso). Fruit roundish-oblong, coi)per-coloured, with a very sweet pulp. Ferr. 1. 3. ex. p. 227. t. 230. Vole. p. 159 and IGO. This fine and rare variety has been confounded with the common Sweet Lime. From which it differs not only in the flowers and leaves, but in the form of the fruit, as well as in its juice and seeds. It is a much larger tree than the preceding variety. The calyx is reddish, and the corolla is of a beautiful vrhite, bearing from 30 to 45 unequal stamens. The fruit is oblong-roundish, terminated by 2 protuberances, with a long navel-like protuberance, and the rind is of a dark yellowish- saffron colour. The rind is insipid. The pulp has a taste as sweet as sugar, and is very agreeable. The seeds are oblong, pointed at one end, but blunt at the other. The tree is very rare in the gardens. 3 Starry Sour Orange (Engl.), Limettier a fruit ctuile. Mclla Rose (Fr.), Melarosa (Ital.), Mclarosa (Nice), Citrus Limetta fructu, stellato (Risso). Fruit subrotund, depressed, striated, crowned, containing acid pulp. Ferr. hcsp. p. 393. t. 395. Volc.p. 190, 191. Gal. p. 141.no. 38. Tiiis tree is of ordi- nary size. 'I'he calyx is short. The corolla is small and white, with 30 unequal stamens, which sometimes change into lanceo- ■ late petals. The fruit is round, of a yellow colour, crowned by a small, blunt, nipple-like ))r(>tuberance ; the rind is thin, adher- ing closely to the pulp. Tiie seeds are oval and stri])ed. 4 Bergamote Lime (Engl.), Lemetlier Bergamute, Ber- gamete (Fr.), Bergamota (Nice), Bergamulo (Ital.), CUrus Limetta Bergamiuin (Risso). Leaves ovate, acute, toothed ; fruit golden, quite smooth, with an acid and bitter pulp. Vole, p. 155 and LOG. Desf. p. 138. Gal. p. 118.no. 25. The branches are spiny. 'I'he leaves are large, on long petioles. The flowers are white, and have a particular scent, composed of 4 or 5 petals, with about 20 stamens. The fruit is large and spherical, of the form of a pear, terminated by a small nipple-like protu- berance ; the rind is thin, of a golden-yellow coloiu', enclosing an acid and equally bitter pulp. The seeds are oblong. 5 Pear Lemon (Engl.), Limettier Perette (Fr.), Peret- ta (Ital.), Pereta (Nice), Citrus Limetta Peretta (Risso). Fruit ovate, ribbed lengthwise, very sweet-scented, with an acid pulp. F"err. hesp. p. 231. t. 233. This variety is easily distinguished by the fruit being in the form of a pear. The branches are straight, and furnished with spines. The leaves are oval and rounded, and finely toothletted, on long stalks. The flowers are purplish on the outside, containing about 35 stamens. The fruit is of a fine yellow colour, and is traversed longitudinally with stripes, which are not very apparent, and ter- minated by a small, sharp, nipple-like protuberance, of an agree- able odour ; the rind is thick, and the pulp is acid. (i Adam Apple (Engl.), Limettier pxiinme d'Adam, Pomme d'Adam (Fr.), Pomo d'Adamo (Ital.), Citrus Limetta pomum Adami (Risso, 1. c.) Leaves ovate-oblong, curled ; petioles winged ; fruit very large, round, of a greenish-colour, with a sweet pulp. Ferr. hesp. p. 317. t. 321. Vole. p. 181, 182. Desf. p. 138. Gal. p. 138. This variety will form a distinct spe- cies at some future day. The branches are furnished with very small spines, and are traversed longitudinally with white stripes. The leaves are oval-oblong, waved at the margins, of a dark-green colour, with broad winged petioles. The flowers are white, and contain about 40 stamens. Fruit with a thick rind and sweet but equally bitter and acid pulp. The varieties of this kind are called Lumies. 7 Rose Sweet Lime (Eng\.), Limettier Pnmme roseiVr."), Mello rosa (Ital.), Poum roso (Nice), Citrus Limetta pomum roste (Risso). Fruit roundish-oblong, usually pear-shaped, rough, of a pale-copper colour, very sweet-scented, with an acid pulp. Ferr. hesp. 231. t. 233. The branches of this variety are brittle and spiny. The leaves are oval, toothletted, on long petioles, of a dark-green colour. The flowers are few in number, white, of 5 oblong petals, and about 30 stamens. The fruit is roundish- oblong, but often pear-shaped, of a saffron-yellow colour; the rind is thick, hard, and of a very agreeable smell ; the pulp is divided into 10 cells, which contain acid juice. 'I'he seeds are less numerous than in the other varieties. 8 Limeira cmhiguda of Brazil. The fruit is large and glo- bular, and terminated by a large protuberance. The rind is thin and the flesh very sweet. They cultivate at Bahia a second variety of this orange under the name of Limeira de Persia ; it has a very large fruit, and is also terminated by a point ; the inside of the rind is bitter, and outside smooth. Tlie pulp is very sweet. Sweet Lime and Lumy Fl. May, July. Clt. 1C48. Tree 8 to 15 feet. 590 AURANTIACF..E. XIV. Citkls. .T C. Java'nicim (Blum, bijdr. ex Sthlecht. Liiiiicca. 1. p. 6G7.) petioles winged ; leaves oval, very blunt, uiiecjually crenu- latod ; flowers with 22 stamens ; fruit oblonj^, with an obtuse point, with a thick rind and bitter pulp, tj . S. Native of Java. Allied to C Livulla. Java Lemon. Tree 20 feet. 4 C. Llmonum (Hisso, ann. mus. 20. p. 201.) petioles some- what winged ; leaves oval-oblong, crenulated; flowers with 25-35 stamens, but usually without styles ; fruit oblong, with a very I bin rind, and very acid pulp. f; . G. Native of Asia, but cultivated in the south of Europe, and most parts of the world within the tropics. Citrus Medica Limon, Gal. cit. 105. exclusive of the varieties under no. 2. — Ferr. hesp. t. 247, 211, 253, 223, 220, 293, 255, 2G5, 105, 225, 207, 243, 219, 301, 307, 215. C. Limon, Lin. Mill. Petals purplish on the outside. Branches violet. Racemes axillary. Fruit ovate, with a yellow rind, adher- iiifi to the pulp. It is commonly called Citron (lut\.), I/niumc (Fr.). The most remarkable varieties in the Knglish gardens are, 1 Common Lemon. 2 Pear-shaped Lemon. Fruit small, with very little juice. 3 Im|)erial Lemon. The fruit of this variety is sometimes imported from Italy, but not from Spain or Portugal. 4 Furrowed Lemon. 5 Cliilding Lemon. U Dou- ble-flowered Lemon. 7 Broad-leaved Lemon. 8 Chinese Le- mon. 9 Rough-fruited Lemon. 10 Smooth-leaved Lemon. II Gold and .Silver-striped I,cmon. 12 Upright Lemon. 13 Warted-fruited Lemon. 14 St. Helena Lemon. Browne men- tions this variety as having been introduced into Jamaica, and nuich cultivated there, on account of its large fruit, which fre- quently yields about a pint of juice. 15 Fingered Lemon. In China and other parts of the East, they have a remarkable variety of Lemon or Citron, which has a solid fruit, without any cells or pidp, and divided above the Ujiddle into 5 or more long round parts, a little crooked, and having the appearance of the human hand, with the fingers a little bent, whence the Chinese call it J^/ial t/iii, or F'ingered Lemon. Risso gives the following description of the species : Tlie stem is straight, and much branched, hairy and spiny, covered with a clear grey bark ; the branchlets are violet. The leaves are pctioled, oblong, acuminated, and toothed, of a yellowish-green colour, beset with small transparent points. The petioles are long, with a leafy border, which is lengthened out even to the base. The calyx is permanent and ointed, on long petioles. The flowers are usually solitary. The fruit is very large, oblong, rounded, of a pale-yellow colour, traversed by warted nerves, which renders it very rugged, w ith a very thick firm rind and a very small quantity of pulp, which is divided into manv cells, full of an acid juice, without seeds. 2t Tno-tealed Lemon (Engl.). Limonier a fruit a deux mamc- lons (Fr.). Limone bivapczuollato (Ital.). Limoun pouncut (Nice). Cilrus Limonum fructu hipapillato (Risso). F'ruit ovate-oblong, greenish-yellow, with two nipple-like points. Ferr. hesp. p. 233. t. 215. This variety is easily distinguished by the form of its fruit. The branches aie furnished with some points. The leaves are oval-oblong, pointed, of a greenish-yellow colour. The rind of the fruit is very thin, and the piJp has a very agreeable acid taste. The following names occur in the English nurseries : — 1 The Common Lime. 2 Broad-leaved. 3 Chinese. 4 Weeping. 5 West India. The quality of limes and lemons are only to be judged by the quantity and acidity of their juice; the juice of the lime is preferred in tropical countries to that of the lemon, as being more wholesome and agreeable ; mixed with water and sugar it is called lemonade. Its medical qualities are the same as those of the lemon, see p. oS8 and 589. Lime-trees usually grow from 10 to 12 feet higli, branching much from the base, and generally furnished with spines, therefore they are usually planted for fences as well as for their fruit in warm climates. Lemon and Lime. Fl. May, July. Clt. IG-tS. Tr. 8 to 20 ft. 5 C. Pab.mjisi (Macfadyen, in Hook. bot. misc. pt. 3. p. 304.) leaves oval, rounded, crenulate, smooth ; petioles winged ; sta- mens 25 ; fruit large, subacid. Ij . G. Native ? Lomonier ])omme (Fr.). Limone eedralo (lta\.). Limoun senso aigre (^ice). Cilrus Limonum I'aradisi (Risso). Fruit ovate-oblong, with a very thick and very smooth rind, and hardly any pulp, but what there is, is rather acid. The (lowers are large, composed of 4-7 unequal petals. The fruit pear-shaped, of a greenish-yellow colour, with a good-tasted very thick tender rind. In Jamaica there are two varieties of this species, the Barhadoes griij e-fruit and the For- biddcn-fruit ; the first possesses most of the sweet principle. /Vfroffee Orange or Forbidden fruit. Fl. May, July. Clt.? Tree 30 feet. () C. Aur.\'ntium (Risso, ann. mus. 20. p. 181. t. 1. f. 1, 2.) petioles almost naked ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate, with blunt point flower with 20-22 stamens ; fruit globose with a thin rind and sweet pulp. Ij . G. Native of Asia, but cultivated in the south of Europe as well as in all the warmer regions of the world. Citrus Aurantium Sinense, Gall. citr. 119.-^Ferr. hesp. t. 427. 399. 401. and 385. Trunk naked at the bottom, but the branches form a tuft at the top. Petals white. Fruit of a golden colour. Commonly called Sweet Orange. The specific name is derived from aurus, gold, colour of fruit. As a desert fruit the orange is well known. The varieties most esteemed are the China, Portugal, and Maltese. The fruit is also useil in confectionary, both ripe and when green and not larger than a pea, it forms various liquors and conserves, either alone or with sugars, wines, or spirits. In cooking it is used to perfume AURANTIACE.E. XIV. Ciruus. 593 a number of dishes. It is used to form various perfumes and pomades, and the flowers distilled produce orange-water, used in cooking, medicine, and as a perfume, but the chief use of tlie sweet orange is for the dessert. There are 19 varieties of the orange enumerated by Risso. 1 Common Orange. Stem erect, branclied, spiny ; leaves ovate, oblong, and acute, slightly crenulatcd on the margins, smooth, and of a dark-green coloin-, on long petioles. Pedun- cles axillary, solitary, smooth, eacli bearing from 2-6-flo\\ers. calyx pale-green, 5-cleft. Petals 5, oval-oblong, terminated by a point, of a beautiful white colour, furnished with green glands. iStamens from 20-22, unequal, with the filaments united at their bases by fours. The fruit is round, smooth, of a beautifid golden coloiu', with a rather thick rind, and the pulp is divided into 9 or 1 1 cells, full of a sweet yellow juice. Seeds roundish. This tree bears exquisite fruit, which resists the cold, but it is at the same time but little cultivated in the south of Europe, on account of its not bearing well until it is about 25 or 30 years old, as well as because the fruit is apt in windy weather to come against the spines of the branches, which injures them, and there- fore renders them unfit to resist a long voyage. 2 Majorca Orange (Eng\.). Orangcr ile Majorque {Fr ). Aran- cio di Majorca (Ital.). Pourtcgalic Majourkin (Nice). Citrus AuranUum Balc/iricum (Risso). Fruit globose, shining, with a thick rind and sweet pulp. Gall. p. 153. no. 30. The branches are furnished with spines at their base. The leaves are less than in the preceding tree, thicker, and more shining. The pe- duncles are very long, from 3-6-flowered ; they have a pleasant sweet smell. The fruit is globose, smooth, deeply coloured, and arrives very soon at maturity. It will keep a longer time than any of the other varieties ; the pulp is very sweet, and usually without seeds. This tree is not much cultivated, on account of its not being very productive. 3 China Orange (Engl.). Oranger de la Chine (Fr.). Aran- cio_^«o (Ital). Pourtcgalie de Malta (Nice). Ctlrus Aurdntiiim Sinense (Risso). Ferr. hesp. p. 425. t. 427. Gomel, hesp. no. 8. Vole. p. 185 and 186. This is a very majestic tree. Tlie leaves are oval-oblong, sometimes roundish, a little waved at the margins, of a pale-green colour, upon long petioles. The flowers are usually disposed in corymbs, these are situated upon the tops of the branches. The fruit is round, depressed, firm, weighty, of considerable diameter ; the rind is very thin, ad- hering closely to the pulp, which is very sweet. The seeds are oblong, with a curved point. This tree is much cultivated at Nice. The fruit is not so sensible to cold as the other va- rieties. 4 Nice Orange (Engl.). Oranger de A^iee, Oranger a fruit doux (Ft.). Arancio dntce (Ital.). Pourtcgalie nousira I (Nice). Citrus Aurdniium Niece'nse {Risso, 1. c. pi. 1. f. 1.). Vole. p. 187 and 188. Desf. tab. de I'ecol. de bot. p. 138. I'his orange, from the abundance of its fruit, forms a very lucrative produc- tion for the inhabitants of Nice. The leaves are oval-oblong, tapering gradually to a point, of a beautiful shining green, bearing in their axils a great rpiantity of bunches of sweet- scented flowers towards the months of March and April. The fruit is round, usually depressed at both extremities, firm, of a beautiful yellow colour, with a thin rind ; the pulp is divided into 10 or 12 cells, full of sweet and pleasant juice, and oblong seeds. This tree is generally cultivated. 5 Genoa Orange (Engl.). Oranger de Genes (Fr.). Aran- cio di Genova (Ital.). Pourtcgalie de Geneva (Nice). Citrus Aurantium Gemiense (Risso). This tree is very large. The leaves are small, oval-oblong, pointed, of a fine dark green. The flowers are disposed in bunches, and are composed some- times of only 3 petals. The fruit is round, but sometimes oblong, commonly marked with a little ridge, which extends even to the middle of the rind, wjiich is rather thick, and of a beautiful VOL. I. PART. VII. yellow colour ; the pulp is divided into 10 cells, full of a sweet juice. The seeds are yellowish. G Thick-rinded Orange (Engl.). Granger a fruit de la grosse ccorce, Oranger a ecorce du fruit epaisse (Fr.). Arancio a frutto di cortcccia spessa (Ital.). Pourtcgalie bouffat (Nice). Citrus Aurantium coriiitutissimo{lV\iso). Fruit very small ; leaves lanceolate, acute, suhalate ; pulp of fruit sweet. Ferr. hesp. p. 1^9. Vole. t. 2. p. iiOG, ^'07. Gal. p. 157. no. 3~'. This l)eautiful variety diflers from all the other kinds, in its leaves bein" lanceolate, of a beautiful f,'rcen, upon long subalate petioles. The flowers are small. The fruit is very small, about the size of those of the Bigaradkr Chinois ; the rind is smooth, of a |)ale-yellow colour ; the pulp is divided into 7 cells, full of an agreeable acid juice. 14 llulhj-lcaicd Orange (Engl.). Oranger afeuillc d'l/euse (Fr.). /Irancio a foglia crispiita (Ital). Pourtegalie crispat (Nice). Citrus Aurdnlium illicif ilium (Wisso). Petioles awl- shaped ; leaves roundish, curled, toothed ; fruit somewhat ovate, very smooth, with a very sweet pulp. The a))pearance of this variety is very singular. The leaves are round, waved, curled, of a fine shining-green colour, yellowish beneath, with large, strong nerves, like those of tiie C/iiiia Hollij. The flowers are collected into isolated corymbs. Tiie fruit is round, a little oblong, terminated by a small, nipple-like point at the summit, hollow in the middle ; the rind is thickish, of a pale-orange colour; the pulp is divided into 10 cells, full of a very sweet l)ulp, usually without seeds. This variety is very rare in the environs of Nice. \'> Eared-fruited Orange (Engl.). Granger a fruit dore ft Granger dore (Fr.). /Irancio dorato (Ital.). Pourtegalie dau- rat (Nice). Citrus Aurdnlium fructu aurato (Ri.«so, 1. c. pi. 1. f. 2.) fruit ovate, cared, with a sweet pulp. This rare and beau- tiful variety is furnished w ilh some spines ; the young shoots are reddish. The leaves are oval, long, of a fine shining-green above, but yellowish beneath. The calyx is tinged with pur])lc. The corolla is whitish-yellow with about 30 stamens. The fruit is oval-round, of a golden-yellow colour, terminated by a small nipple-like point, w ith a very smooth rind ; the pulp is divided into 12 cells, full of an agreeable juice. Seeds few or wanting. 16 Hay-fruited Orange (Engl.). Granger a fruit rayi et Granger a fruit blanc (Fr.). Ariancio ?ii«;!co (Ital.). Pourtegalie blanc (Nice). Citrus Aurdntium fructu raricgato (Risso). leaves ovate-oblong, sinuated, variegated with yellow; fruit globose, striped with yellow and green, with a somewhat sweet |)idp. Ferr. hesp. p. 397.1.399. Vole. p. 195. t. 19G. The leaves have very long petioles. The flowers are composed of .5 long, blunt petals, with about 2t or 28 stamens. The fruit is globose, sometimes a little depressed, of a golden-yellow colour, traversed lengthwise with bands of green, which disappear at maturity; the rind is rather thick ; the pulp is of a pale-yellow, of an agreeable sweet taste. This tree does not bear much cold. 17 Changeable-fruited Orange (Engl.). Granger a fruit ihangeant et Culotte de allien (Fr.). Cahoni di cane (Ital.\ Braio de can (Nice). Citrus A urantium fructu variabili (Risso). Leaves narrow, spotted ; fruit oblong, green, striped, with a sweet and bitter pulp. Ferr. hesp. p. ;i97. t. 401 . 'I'ourn. R. H. p. G20. This is a very majestic tree. Petioles long. The flowers are collected in bunches with small petals, and about 24 short stamens. The fruit is oblong, pear-shaped, yellow, striped with bands of a reddish colour ; the rind is thick and bitter ; the pulp is sweetish. ']"he seeds arc striped. )K Limc-sliai cd Orange (Engl.). Granger Limetiforme rt Granger a fruit Limclte{\'T.). Aranciofrutto Limeta (Ital.). I'uurtcgalie Limetlaiyi'ici:). Citrus Aurantium limctiforme{liisso). I'ruit oblong, sinuated, jiointed, with a reddish sweet pulp. This is the tendercst of all the oriingcs we have mentioned. The tree is rather high. The leaves are of a yellowish-green. The fruit is globular, of a pale-yellow, longitudinally traversed by many sinuses from the base, and terminated by a small obtuse point. I'he rind is thin and the pulp is divided into 8 cells full of sweet juice. It is rare, and the fruit seldom comes to maturity. 1 9 Lemon-formed Grange (Engl.). Granger limoniforme (Fr.). Limone aranciato (Ital.). Limoun Pourtegalie (Nice). Citrus Aurdnlium liiiioniforiiic (Risso). I'ruit roundish-oblong, with a sweet pulp. Ferr. 1. 3. p. 384. t. 385. Gal. p. 117. no. 14. The form of the fruit of this tree is that of a lemon, but the colour and taste of the fruit are those of an orange. The branches are hairy and spiny. The leaves are oval and finely denticulated, on short ])elioles. The flowers are usually in pairs ; the calyx is red and the corolla is very long and pointed, with 26-30 free stamens. The fruit is roundish-oblong, terminated by a short obtuse point, of a yellowish-green colour. The pulp is sweet, without seeds. In Bra/il the following varieties of the orange are cultivated. Some of I hem are probably identical with some of those de- scribed above. 1 Larangcira seleta. This variety is obtained by grafting. Its rind is thin and smooth. The pulp is very delicious and sweet. This is probably the Navel-orange of Bahia, which is large and round, and terminated by a small protuberance, hence its name. It is considered one of the best oranges in that country. 2 Larangeira da China. This variety is very common all over Brazil. It is perhaps the common China orange. 3 Larangeira I'angerina pcqucna. 'I'he rind is very thin and smooth. The fruit is small. The pulp is reddish and of a very agreeable taste. 4 Larangeira I'angerina grandc. In every respect the same as the preceding, but the fruit is much larger. 5 Larangcira seca. The fruit is sweet but it is not juicy. 6 Larangcira cmbcguda. The rind is incomplete and shining, it divides into 9 divisions at the top. The taste is very agree- able. It is common at Bahia, but it is also much spread over the rest of Brazil. The following names of oranges occur in the London nur- series ; many of them may be the same as those described above. I Common Orange. 2 Bloody-fruited. 3 Broad-leaved. 4 Large Bergamot. 5 Small Bergamot. 6 Cluster-fruited. 7 Curled-leaved. 8 Fine-leaved. 9 Laurel-leaved. 10 Lisbon. I I Maltese. 12 Bloody Maltese. 13 Monstrous. 14 Narrow- leaved. 15 Spike-flowered. 16 Striped leaved, of various sorts. 17 Strijied Willow-leaved. 18 Sweet-skinned. 19 Sweet China. 20 Tangiorana. 21 Thick-leaved. 22 Weep- ing. 23 Willow-leaved, &c. Sweet Grange. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1595. Tree 10 to 30 ft. 7 C. vilg.\"kis (Risso in ann. mus. 20. p. 190.) petioles winged; leaves elliptical, acuminate, crenulated ; flowers with 20 stamens ; fruit globose, with a thin, scabrous, or smooth rind, and a bitter acrid pulp. I; . G. Native of Asia, but now cultivated in the south of Europe, America, and Africa. C. Aurantium I'ndicum. Gall. citr. 122. C. Bigaradia, Duh. cd. nov. 7. p. 99. Ferr. hesp. t. 409. 589. 391. 430. 433. C. Sinen- sis, Pers. ench. 2. p. 74. C. Aurantium, Kcr. hot. rcg. 346. C. C.ilot, Lag. gen. et spec. 1 7. Petal white. Risso gives the following description of the sjiocics. Stem erect ; branches spiny. The petioles have a wing in the form of a heart. The flowers are of 5 white petals on short jiedieels. Stamens from 30 to 34, unequal, with flat filaments. Fruit roimd, rarely tubcrcled, of a dark-orange colour. The rind is sweet-scented. The pulp is divided into 12 or 14 cells, containing a bitter acid juice. AURANTIACE^. XIV. Ci 595 The seeds are oblong, of a j-ellovv colour. Seville or Bitter Orange (Eng\.). Biguradier sauvagei^xS). Citrone, Sour sylvatico (Ital.). Citroun sauvage (Nice). Ferr. 377. Vole. 180. Gal. 12\. The juice of the Seville orange is used in medicine in febrile and inflammatory disorders, but that of the other sorts possesses the same qualities in a lesser deforce. It is chiefly used for making marmalade, and a variety of other agreeable confections. The acid of oranges. Dr. Cullen ol)serves, unites with the bile, takes oft' its bitterness, and may be useful in obviating disorders arising from its acidity. The qualities of tlie Seville orange are exactly the same as that of the Icman and lime. Orange-water is obtained from the flowers by distillation. 1 Common Seville Orange (Engl.). Oranger higarade (Fr.). Arancio citrone {\X.a\.^. Linioun San ^'mcewi (Nice). Citrus vulgaris (Risso). A tall tree with greyish bark, with the branchlets furnished with deciduous points at the base of the petioles. The leaves are oval-oblong, finely denticulated. The flowers are always disposed in terminal corymbs. The calyx is whitish and deeply 5-lobed. Petals 5, oblong. Stamens 30. The fruit is roundish-oblong, terminated by a large obtuse point, of a dark-yellow colour, with a few little protuberances. The rind is thick, adhering to the pulp, which is divided into 8 cells, full of an acid bitter juice, and does not contain any seeds. This tree bears flowers and fruit all the year round. 2 Horned Seville Orange (Engl.). Bigaradier cornu (Fr.). Citrone cornuta (Ital.). Sitroun daudc (Nice). Citrus vulgaris corniculata (Risso). Fruit roundish, with a thick, wrinkled rind, mucronate. Ferr. p. 407. t. 409. This is a tall tree. The leaves are large, elliptical, of a dark-green colour. The flowers are usually disposed in pairs. The fruit is large, of a reddish- yellow colour, full of small tubercles, the pulp is divided into 10 or 14 cells, full of an acid bitter pulp, containing angular seeds. This variety is very generally cultivated in the south of Europe for its flowers, which are used in the composition called eau-de-Bigarade, as well as for its fruit, which is used to season meat. 3 Bouqueltc Bigarade or Banquette Seville Orange (Engl.). Bigaradier houquctier (Fr.). Citrone a foglia rizza (Ital). Boiiquetie (Nice). Citrus vulgaris folio crispo (Risso). Leaves curled; fruit small, roundish, scabrous, containing an acid, rather bitter pulp. Ferr. p. 3S7. t. 389. Vole. p. 178 and 179. Gal. p. 131. no. 20. This is a small tree. It is thickly covered with leaves, which are oval-roundish, curled, and denticulated, on round almost wingless petioles. The flowers are axillary, o or 7 together, usuallj' of C petals. The fruit is of a reddish- yellow colour, with a tubercled or wrinkled thick rind, scented like the lily of the valley, containing a very bitter acid pulp. 4 Many-Jlowercd Seville Orange or Bigarade (Engl.). Biga- radier riche depouille (Fr.). Citrone a moltijiori (Ital.). Grand biiuquctie (Nice). Citrus vidgaris multijlura (Risso). Many- flowered ; fruit globose, very smooth, containing an acid and bitter pulp. Desf. tab. de I'ecol. de bot. p. 138. This diflTers much from the preceding, not only in its larger size; but also in the disposition of the leaves, as well as in the great number of flowers which cover the plant all the year round. The tree emits short branches. The leaves are elliptic and denticulated, of a fine green colour ; the wings of the petioles are broad and heart-shaped. The flowers are in tufts at the extremity of the branches ; the corolla is white, usually of 5 petals, which are oval-oblong and recurved. The stamens are about 36 in number. The fruit is round, very large, of a dark reddish- yellow colour, with a very smooth rind ; the pulp does not adhere to the rind, and is divided into 10 cells. 5 Double-Jlowering Seville Orange or Bigarade (Engl.). Bi- garadier a ^fleur double (¥r.). Citrone fore doppio (Ital.). Bi- garadu fou duuhio (Nice). Citrus vulgaris forij'cr (Risso). Flowers double ; fruit globose or oblong, usually fetiferous, containing bitter pulp. I'crr. p. 187. t. 391. Vole. 201 and 202. Gal. p. 129. no. 18. Tliis tree resembles the horned Seville orange. The leaves are very smooth, and the wings of the petiole are rather narrow. The calyx is 8-cleft. The petals are S-14, oblong. The fruit is middle-sized, varying in form, usually double, that is to say, containing one within the other. The flowers are used as a perfume. C Spanish Seville Orange or Bigarade (Engl.). Bigaradier d'Espagnc (Fr.). Citrone di Spagna (Ital.). Sitroun d'Espagna (Nice). Citrus vulgaris Hispdnica (Risso). Leaves ovate- oblong, revolutc, sinuated ; fruit large, round, wrinkled, with a sweet pulp. This tree is distinguished alone by its aspect. 'J'he branches and branchlets are very short. The leaves are oval, curled, and sinuated, of a clear green colour ; the wings of the petioles are broad and I cart-shaped. The flowers are large, and have a scent resembling that of jasmine, of 5 elliptic petals. The fruit is large, round, and wrinkled or tubercled, of a pale reddish-yellow colour, with a thick rind which does not adhere firndy to the pulp, which is divided into 1 0 cells, full of a sweet bitterish j)ulp, and oblong seeds. 7 Wrinkled Seville Orange {^ng\.). Bigaradier rugueux (Fr.). Citrone scabroso (Ital.). Serioutou dous (Nice). Citrus vulgaris rugosa (Risso). Fruit small, mucronate, wrinkled, containing a sweet and bitter pulp. The branches are straight and the leaves are elliptic and undulated, of a dark shining-green, on long, winged, heart-shaped petioles. The flowers are in twos or threes, white, usually of 5 oblong petals. The fruit is round, of a pale-orange colour, with a thick wrinkled rind, furnished with protuberances at the summit, containing a sweet pulp, but it is rather bitterish. The seeds are pale-vellow. 8 Swcct-fruitcd Seville Orange or Bigarade (Engl.). Bigara- dier a fruit doux{Fr.). Citrone fruttodolce {ha\.). Sitroun dous (Nice). Citrus vulgaris pidpa dulci (Risso). Fruit globose, smooth, with a thick rind, containing a sweet pulp. The leaves of this tree are pale-green, oval-oblong, standing upon long, winged petioles, and often furnished with spines at the base. The flowers are large, disposed in corymbs, of 5 petals and very sweet-scented. The seeds are round on this and the pre- ceding variety. 9 Smooth-fruited Bigarade (Engl.). Bigarade a fruit lisse (Fr.). Citrone liscio (Ital.). Serioutou unit (Nice). Citrus vulgaris glaberrimus (Risso). Fruit round, smooth, with a thin rind and bitter sweet pulp. This tree is not so much branched as the other varieties ; the leaves are oval-lanceolate, of a pale-green coloiu% standing on long, winged, heart-shaped petioles. The flowers are disposed singly, but sometimes in pairs on the summits of the branches. The calyx is 4-5-cleft, and the corolla is of 5 reflexed petals. The fruit is always solitary, of a pale-yellow colour, and the pidp is divided into 9 cells. The seeds are striated. 10 Chinese Bitter Orange or Bigarade (Engl.). Bigaradier C/iinois {Fr.). C/iinotto (Ital.). C/h'kc< (Nice). Citrus vulgaris Chiiiinsis (Risso). Fruit small, spherical, containing a somewhat acrid, bitter pulp. Ferr. t. 430. 433. Tourn. p. 620. Desf tab. de I'ecol. de bot. p. 138. Gal. p. 132. no. 21. The branches of this shrub are small and scabrous, covered with small lanceolate leaves, standing on short wingless petioles. The flowers are disposed in a kind of thyrse along the pedun- cles. The fruit is concave at the summit, of a reddish-yellow colour ; the rind is rather thick, and the pulp adheres but slightly to the rind. 11 Myrtle-leaved Orange (Fn^.). Bigaradier Chinois a feuille de myrte or Chinois nain (Fr.). Nanino da China (Ital.). Chinet picoun (Nice). Citrus vulgaris myrtifblia (Risso). Fruit small, with an acid and bitter pulp. Ferr. p. 430. Gal. p. 134. no. 22. This variety never grows to a tree, but always remains a small shrub. The leaves are small, lanceolate, and 4g 2 59G AURANTIACE^. XIV. Citris. |)oiii;c(l, of a fine green colour, resembliii); those of the broad- loavi-il myrtle. The flowers are small and white, disposed in racemes alon^,' the branches, there are usually a great number on llie same peduncle. The fruit is of the colour and form of the preceding, but rather smaller. 12 l.arge-J'ruited Bigarade or Seville Orange (Engl.). Bi- garadier a gros fruit (Fr.). Citrone J'rutto grosso (Ital.). Gros sitroun dous (Nice). C'llrus iiilgaris fniclu maxima (Risso). Fruit large, round, wrinkled, depressed, with a spongy rind, and rather sweet pulp. The leaves are very long, reclined, shining, undulated, of a dark-green, on long, winged petioles. The flowers arc large and white, sweet-scented, disposed along the branches. The calyx is green, of 5 lobes. The corolla is com- posed of 1-G petals. The stamens about 2G in number. The sti'^'ma is trigonal. The fruit is very large, of a reddish-yellow colour, with a very thick spongy rind, and the pulp is divided into 9 cells. C'uwonoM Seville or Bitter Orange. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1595. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 8 C. ueclma'na (Lin. spec. 1100.) branches prickly; leaves oval, obtuse or cmarginate, pubescent beneath : petioles with broad, cordate wings ; fruit large, with a thick rind, and red or while i)ulp ; stamens 30. J; . .S. Native of China and Japan, but now cultivated in .South America. Pampel-moes, Rum])li. aiiib. ;?. t. 2t. f. 2. The shaddock is called Arancio Mansiiiu by the Italians, and Granger Pampchnousc by the French. The fruit is very large and round, about the size of a large cannon-ball, about 10 or 11- pounds weight; rind even, of a greenish-yellow colour ; thick, fungous, and bitter ; pulp white or red : juice sweet or acid. It was first brouglit from China to the West Indies by Captain Shaddock, from whom it has derived its name. The .^haddock is certainly the least usefid of the species, and is cul- tivated chiefly for show. Where several sorts of o)Yi»gc.s are pre- sented at the dessert it makes a striking addition to the variety. The fruit is of a subacid sweetness, excellent for quenching thirst, and from the thickness of its rind, will keep longer at sea than the fruit of any other species of Citrus. The Italians, according to Dr. Sickler, have one variety, the French, accord- ing to tlie Nouvcau Cours, &c. have four kinds. In the En- glish nurseries the names of four occur, viz. 1 The Common Shaddock. 2 The Rough-fruited. 3 The Largest- fruited, t The West Indian. In Jamaica there are 2 varieties, 1 maliformis ; fruit globose, with white pulp ; 2 pyriformis, fruit pear-shaped, with red pulp. Large-lruhcil Orange or Shaddock. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1 722. Tree 1 8 feet. t Species not sufficiently known. 9 C. hy'stbix (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 97.) petioles with \)road wings ; leaves ovate, hardly larger than the petioles ; branches very spiny. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Lemo- ferus, Rumph. amb. 2. t. 28 ? Flowers and fruit unknown. /'orcu^jjHC Orange. Clt.? Tree 10 feet. 10 C. si'iNOSi'ssiMA (Meyer, esseq. 247.) petioles winged; leaves oval, erenated, bluiitish at both extremities. (j . S. Native of Guiana and Brazil in sandy woods. Flowers white, twin. Fruit yellow, about the size of a walnut. 'I'his appears to be the common wild lime of America, and perhaps only a variety of Citrus Limetla. I'ery-spinosc Lime. Fl. May, Jid. Clt.? Tree 15 feet. 11 C. Jai'o'nica (Thunb. fl. jap. 292.) petioles winged; leaves acute ; stem angular; flowers axillary, solitary, or twin; tVuit 9-celled. fj . G. Native of Japan. Thunb. icon. jap. t. 15. I'ruit the colour and form of an orange, but small, about the size of a cherry, containing a sweet eatable pulp. /a/)fln Orange. Fl. May, July. Clt.? Shrub 2 feet. 12 C. ru'scA (Lour. coch. 107.) petioles with heart-shaped wings ; leaves ovate-lanceolate ; branches spinose ; fruit 9-cell- ed, globose, rough. Ij. G. Native of China, Cochin-china, and the Moluccas. — Rumph. amb. 2. I. 3J. Fruit of a green- ish-brown colour, containing an acid ungrateful pid]). /Jro«7i-fruited Citron. Fl. May, July. Clt. ? Tree 15 feet. 13 C. NOBiLis (Lour. coch. 4CG.) petioles rather linear, straight ; branches ascending, unarmed ; fruit depressed, O-cell- ed, with a thick rind. ^ . G. Native of Cochin-china and China. Ker, bot. reg. 211. Andr. bot. rep. 608. Fruit reddish, both witliout and within, containing sweet juice, and eatable sweet rind. This is distinguished from the common orange by its curious form, and by the pulp adhering so loosely to the rind, as to be separable from it by the slightest effort, and leaving in many places a considerable opening between them. It is the most delicate of its tribe, whence its name by the Chinese, Man- darine or Noble Orange. Noble or Mandarine Orange. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1805. Tree 15 feet. 14 C. marcari'ta (Lour. coch. 467.) petioles linear; leaves lanceolate ; branches ascending, spiny ; fruit oblong, 5-celled, covered with a thin smooth rind. 1^ • ^- Native of China about Canton. I'ruit reddish-yellow, 8 lines long, containing a sweet pulp. /',,/;•/ Lemon. Fl. May, July. Clt. ? Tree 1 2 feet. 15 C. Madure'nsis (Lour. coch. 570.) petioles linear; leaves broad-lanceolate ; branches diffuse, unarmed, angular ; fruit globose, smooth, 8-celled. 1; . G. Native of China, Cochin-china, and Madura. — Rumph. amb. 2. t. 31. Fruit greenish-yellow, containing a bitter pulp, which is eaten when prepared with sugar, but never raw. Madura Orange. Fl. May, July. Clt. ? Shrub 8 feet. 16 C. angvla'ta (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1426.) petioles naked ; leaves ovate, acute ; fruit angular. Ij . G. Native of Amboyna. — Rumph. amb. 2. t. 32. //j)^H/«r-fruited Citron. Fl. May, July. Clt. ? Tree. 17 C. buxifolia (Poir. diet. 5. p. 681.) petioles linear, very short ; leaves ovate, retuse ; flowers racemose. 1; . G. Native of China. Perhaps this plant is allied to Citrus vulgaris var. myrlifdiia of Risso, and therefore ought perhaps to be placed under that head. Ijo.r-h'aved Orange. Fl. May, July. Shrub 3 feet. 1 8 C. articula'ta (Willd. herb, ex Sprcng. syst. 3. p. 334.) petioles leafy, obovate, large, articulated ; leaves oblong ; pe- duncles many-flowered. h . S. Native of Guinea. Jo!rt/tY/-petioled Orange. Tree 20 feet. 19 C. Ciiile'nsis (Violin, chili, ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 335.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, nearly sessile, sinning ; fruit nearly glo- bose. Tj . G. Native of Chili. Chili Oranne. Tree 15 feet. Cult. All the species of Citrus may be propagated by seeds, cuttings, layers, by grafting, and luulding. The object of rais- ing plants from seed is stock for grafting or budding, or for new varieties. To attemj)! raising new varieties from seed in Britain would be too tedious, as the plants raised from seed in Italy do not shew for fruit for 7 or 8 years. Citrons or Seritle Oranges Miller considers the best to raise for stocks, as they are of more robust and quicker growth. These should be raised on a hot-bed, and in the course of 6 weeks they will be fit to plant separately into ])ots, and j)laced again into the hot-bed, shading them for some time, but afterwards allowing plenty of air in order to har- den them. In August of next year they will be suiliciently strong for budding ; after the ojieration has been performed, they should be placed luuler a hand-glass. In the course of a month it will be observable whether the biuls have taken, then untie them, and let them remain in the green-house all winter. In spring cut off' the heads of the slocks 3 inches above the buds, again place them in a moderate hot-bed, and by the cud of July they AURANTIACE.E. XIV. Cituus. 597 will have made shoots 2 feet long, then harden them befoic the cold sets in by exposing them to the air by degrees. In Italy the j)lants are budded at from 2 to 5 feet high on the stem, accord- ing to the intention of the trees ; a bud is commonly inserted on each side of the stock. The Maltese make a sloping section and bud on one side only, which is a much better method than the Italian, as the sloping section becomes covered with bark, which tiie horizontal ones never do, but a dead st\nnp or rotten hole may be observed during the whole period of their existence. Grafting is occasionally resorted to in Italy, and is that most generally adopted in the nurseries at Paris. The stocks when of 2 years growth, and not much thicker than a scion, are cut off and grafted in the whip manner. This manner, as well as approach grafting, is frequently practised in England, as well as another manner of grafting, by taking a slice out of the stock without taking ott' the head, tying the scion as neatly and firmly as possible, without tongueing it, and claying it over. Mr. John Nairn places his stocks in a hot-bed for a fortnight, in order to rise the sap, that the bark may easily separate from the wood ; the stocks are then cutoff about 2 inches above the surface, and a longitudinal incision made with a sharp knife as in budding, separating the bark from the wood on each side. Let the scion, whether in fruit or flower, be cut thin, in a sloping direction, and thrust between the bark and the wood ; it should then be care- fully tied with woollen yarn and clayed, then place a glass of proper size over each, pressing it firmly into the mould to pre- vent the damp from dropping on the scion. These stocks should then be placed on a brisk hot-bed of dung, and in about 6 weeks the glasses may be taken off, and the clay and binding re- moved, but it will be necessary to tie a little damp moss on in lieu of the clay, and keep the glasses on in the heat of the day, removing them at night, when in about 3 weeks they will be fit to put into the greenhouse, where they will be a great orna- ment, being either in flower or fruit. He prefers the Mandarine Orange for this trial, as the fruit is more firmly fixed than in any other sort. Mr. Henderson of Woodhall near Hamilton, a superior cul- tivator of the Citrus tribe, considers cuttings as the quickest mode of getting plants. The cuttings should be from 9 to 1 8 inches long, taking the lower leaves off to the extent of 5 inches, then cut them right across, make a small incision in an angular direction at the bottom of the cutting, then plant in a pot of sand 5 inches deep, sorting them according to their size, then give them a good watering overhead to settle the sand about them ; he lets them stand a day or two in the shade, then plunges the pots to the brim in a hot-bed, and shades them well until they have struck root. After they are rooted they should be planted separately into pots in a proper compost, place them again in a hot-bed, and shade them for some weeks, then gradually expose them to the air. Cuttings with wood of 2 years old he finds strike as freely as young wood. They may be put in at any time of the year except when the plants are making young shoots. They generally strike in about 6 weeks with a hand- glass over them, in a gentle heat. The Citron strikes easiest, and makes much better stocks for grafting than any other kind. Btj layers. This method is practised both on the continent and in England. In laying, the plants may either be laid down on their sides and laid as stools, or pots may be raised and sup- ported under the branches to be propagated from. Shoots of 1 or 2 years growth may be then cut or ringed, and bent into the pot, or drawn through the hole at the bottom, and treated in tiie usual manner, taking care to supply water w ith the greatest re- gularity. Siioots layered in Alarch will be fit to separate in September. In general the Citron tribe, like most other fruit trees, do not succeed so well from cuttings or layers as they do by grafting or budding on seedling stocks. Compost. At Genoa and Florence they are grown in a strong yellow clay, richly manured ; this is considered Ijy Italian gar- deners to be best suited to the Orange tribe. The French use equal parts of clayey loam, rotten vegetable matter, and half-rotten dung. In the succeeding year they add a portion of decomposed horse-dung, eqtial to the lialf of its bidk, turned over 2 or ^ times, and many other ingredients, as pigeons' dung and shceji's dung. Mr. James Mean (Hort. trans. 2. p. 29.5.) makes his com- pound as follows : Well rotted cow-dung, 2 or 3 years old, one- fourth, well prepared rotten leaves, 2 or 3 years old, one-half, mellow loam one-fourth, with a small quantity of sand or road- grit added to the compost, which ought not to be sifted too fine. Henderson (Cal. hort. mem. 3. p. 302.) takes one part of light brown mould from a piece of ground that has not been cropped or manured for many years, one part of peat earth, two parts of river sand or pit sand, and one part of rotted hot-bed dung, with one part of rotted leaves of trees ; mixes them all well together, so as to form a compost of uniform quality. R. Ayres (Hort. trans. 4. p. 310.) uses ten parts of strong turfy loam, seven of pigeons'-dung, seven of good rotten horse- dung, and 10 of old vegetable mould, mixed and prepared a twelvemonth before using. Temperature. The standard temperature for the Citrus tribe is 48", but in the growing season they require at least 10 degrees higher to force them to produce luxuriant shoots, but the air of the house should never be allowed to fall under 40°. Although the Orange will endure a severe degree of cold for a few hours without injury, yet, as Mean has observed, the leaves once in- jured, the trees will require >'3 years to recover their appearance. Ayres never suffers his Orangery to be heated above 50° by fire, until the end of February, when the trees show blossom ; it is increased to 55°, but never allowed to exceed 60° by sun heat, the excess of which he checks by the admission of air till the early part of June, when he begins to force the trees by keeping the heat in the house up as near as possible to 75°. For, he says, that neither Citrons, Oranges, Letnons, or Limes, can be grown fine and good without less heat (Hort. trans. 4. p. 311.). The Orange, Humboldt observes (De Distrib. Plant. 15S.), which requires an average temperature of 64° degrees, will bear a very great degree of cold, if continued only for a short time. Dr. Sieklers says, " it is remarkable how much cold and snow the common Lemons and Oranges will bear at Rome, provideil they are planted in a sheltered situation, not much exposed to the sun. He saw at Monte Pincio 3 standard trees in the open ground heavily covered w ith snow for more than a week. 'The green leaves, but still more the golden fruit, looked singular and beautiful amidst the snow. Neither fruit nor leaves had suf- fered, being in a sheltered place, while those that were exposed to the sun turned black and died, rendering the whole tree at once sickly. This proves that it is more the sudden transition of heat to cold or cold to heat, than the degree of either which de- stroys vegetation, as it appears that the snow had been thawed gradually from off these trees, and more by the temperature of the atmosphere than by the direct rays of the sun. Oranges will stand the climate of Devonshire and Cornwall, and perhaps the south of Ireland, in the open air in sheltered situations. .All the species endure the open air at Nice, Genoa, and Naples ; but at Florence and Milan, and often at Rome, they require protec- tion during winter by placing the trees in conservatories, or under sheds. But the finest orange orchards are in the vicinity of Genoa. j4ir. Orange trees require a large share of air when the weather is favourable ; the prevention of damp is as essential to the perfection of the plants as the exclusion of cold. Where these trees arc kept in old-fashioned opaque-roofed grein- 598 AL'RANTIACE;F.. XIV. Citrus. houses, these cautions as to air and danij) deserve particular attention. Ayres says, the more air orange trees have during tlie blossoming season, the more certain they will be of setting the fruit. Light is very essential to the growth of orange trees. Who- ever intends to grow the orange in perfection, should adopt houses, if not with glass on all sides, at least with glass fronts .ind roofs. When the plants are placed in the naked ground as standards, glass on all sides is highly desirable, lor otherwise their leaves and shoots will all be turned to the south, but not so w ith those in tubs and boxes, as they can be turned at pleasure. li'aler. Orange trees, like other cver;zrecns which delight in a strong soil, are not naturally fond of water ; but in tliis coun- try those grown in boxes arc often much injured for want of a due supply, for the earth becoming indurated, and the roots matted, the water wets only the surface, and escapes by the sides of the boxes, so that while the mass of the earth is dry the sur- liice is moist. Mean. When he thinks from the appearance of a plant iluit tlie water does not penetrate the earth, he uses a sharp iron rod to penetrate to the bottom of the earth, and to form a channel for the water, too little or too much of w'hich is equally injurious to orange trees. Knight (Hort. trans. 2. p. 129.) watered an orange tree with very strong licjuid manure, and found it to grow with equal lomparative vigour to tlie mulberry. Ayres (Hort. trans. .'». p. 310.), after the fruit is set, waters with water, in which at the rate of 3 barrows of fresh cow-dung, 2 barrows of fresh sheep's-dung, and 2 pecks of quick-lime, have been added to every hogshead ; when used, the water is al)out the consistence of cream. The French (Nouveau cours. art. oranger,) water once after shifting with a very strong lessine ; they also mulch with recent cow and horse-dung, renewing these once a month or oftencr during summer, that there may be always abundance of soluble matter for the water to convey to the roots. Groning the trees. All the kinds may be either grown as dwarfs in moderate sized pots or boxes ; as standards, with stems from 3 to 8 feet high, in large boxes or tubs ; as standards planted in the naked ground, and either dwarf or standard espaliers, planted or trained against a trellis, imder glass. The three first modes are best adapted for ornament ; standards combine both elegance and utility ; in a house properly con- structed they will produce handsome heads and abundant crops. Espaliers is a much more ccrt;iin way of having large crops, as every part of the plant above ground can thus be brought near the glass. Though orange trees thrive exceedingly well in large pots and boxes, yet to have them produce the finest crop of fruit, they should be pl.-uitcd in the ground like peach trees, and trained like them, or as standard cherry trees in a conservatory. The latter has by far the best eflect, especially when the stems of the trees arc 7 or 8 feet high, and the heads well formed ; but the largest fruit is produced when the trees are jjlanted against a trellis of a narrow house, and treated like poacli trees. Henderson, of W'oodhall, grows very large fruit in this way. All the Citrus tribe when first potted or put in boxes, require to be placed in heat, watered overhead occasionally, in order to make them throw out fresh shoots and roots. Pots, boxes, and tubs, should be of a size proportionable to the plants, as too much or too little room for the roots will in- jure the plants. Large boxes or tubs should be so constructed as to be easily taken to pieces, so as to examine the roots, or to shift into larger boxes. The largest boxes in use in Holland and France are 4 feet square, whicii serve for trees with stems <> or 8 feet high, with heads of (J feet diameter, and above a cen- tury old. Choice of plants. For moderate sized trees to be grown in green-houses, such as are in this country or the Parisian nur- series are preferable. But for large handsome trees, those from Genoa, Nice, or Malta are preferable, for those which are raised from seed in England will not grow so large in their stems under 18 or 20 years, as those are when brought over. But the best way to procure trees from Italy is to send an order through a British merchant, who has a correspondent at Genoa or Nice, for named sorts, according to the Nice or Genoa names, which will be found in their proper order in the enumeration of varieties which we have given, as the plants purchased in London at the Italian warehouses are without names, the greater number of which will be foimd to be the Shaddock and Citron, as the Italian gardeners find these sorts make stronger roots and more shewy trees, and therefore send the less number of the less luxuriant, but more useful varieties. Pruning. The object of pruning is to keep the head pro- portionate to the capacity of the box containing the roots. At Versailles, M. Petl)on,who has been head gardener for 40 years, every G or 8 years gives an elaborate j)runing, shortening the shoots to within an inch of the old wood, and the tree, thus almost deprived of its leaves does not produce blossoms during the 2 next years, it furnishes, however, strong shoots, which are trained to the form of a bushy well furnished head. Pruning orange trees in England docs not differ from that given toother green-house plants, and the consequence is handsome bushes or trees, with the blossoms and fruit on the surface of the foliage. But when orange trees are cultivated for the sake of their fruit, the branches ought to be kept thin, so as to admit of sun and air. The blossoms of most of the Citrus kind are produced in the form of terminating peduncles, on the wood of the current year, and hence the object of the pruner ought to be to encourage the production of yoimg wood in every part of the tree. Ayres cuts away the least promising branches in February, to make room for younger and more productive wood, and shortens very strong branches, to keep the tree in shape. After the fruit is set, it ought to be thinned, seldom leaving more than one on a peduncle. In France they thin the flowers, which by that means they are enabled to use for distillation. The thinned fruit is used in confectionary. The thinning of the fruit, however, will depend upon the state of the trees ; those at Bromley-hill in Kent never require any thinning, where the trees are very fine, and loaded with pecidiarly large fruit. Insects and diseases. The coccus and red-spider are the chief insects injurious to the Citron tribe ; both to be removed by water applied with a brush or sponge. Mean (Hort. trans. 2. p. 29C.) early in March, when he top-dresses his ])lants, ajtplies a copious washing w ith the engine ; then shuts up the house close for three or four hours, which produces a strong heat, as high as 70°, which effects tlie destruction of the red-spider, while the stems and leaves are w iped with a wet sponge, to remove other insects and dirt. Gathering the fruit. At Rienes in France, where the fruit of the Orange is reared for sale, it is gathered every year, generally in May. If not gathered then it will h.ingon the tree for 2 or 3 years longer ; but when the young fruit is green and swelling, the old ripe fruit becomes somewhat shrivelled, and almost void of juice. But as the new fruit begins to arrive at maturity, the juice l)egins to return to the old fruit, so that both old and new- crops are in perfection the following May. In this way at Genoa the fruit is sometimes allowed to remain on 3 years, and being then gathered, has a peculiar sul)-acid sweetness and flavour, and is sold at a higher price. The Lemon ripens irregularly, and drops off when ripe. It is therefore gathered all the year through. In conservatories the orange tree generally requires HYPERICINE/E. I. VISMIA. 599 15 months to ripen its fruit, and licnce botli green and ripe fruit are together on the tree. In gatliering for tlie table in this country, the fruit should be carefully cut ofi" witii a few leaves attached, and thus garnished sent to the dessert. By allowing the fruit to remain, the trees will at all times have green and yel- low fruit, whicli, with the shewy leaves and fragrant white blos- soms, form in spring a charming ornament. Order XL. HYPERICI'NE.E. D. C. theor. clem. ed. 1. p. 211. fl. fr. 4. p. 8G0. Chois. prod. hyp. 32. D. C. piod. l.p. 511. — Hyperica, Juss. gen. p. 251'. Calyx 4-5-parted or 4-5-sepalled, permanent, usually unequal, the 2 outer ones small, the 3 inner ones largest, usually dotted and glandularly-toothed. Petals 4-5 (f. 103. c), hypogynous, alternating with the lobes of the calyx, twisted in the bud, commonly yellow' and veined, sometimes fidl of black dots. .Stamens numerous, usually indefinite, collected together at the base into small bundles (f. 102. e.), very rarely free, or mona- dolphous, with long filaments and yellow, minute, oscillatory anthers. Ovary], free. Styles numerous (f. 102. a. f. 103. j.), but sometimes joined into one. Stigmas simple, rarely capitate. Capsules many-valved (f. 103. i. f. 102. a.), many-celled ; cells equalling the styles in number. Central placenta entire or many- parted, fixed to the inflexed margins of the valves. Seeds numerous, commonly terete, rarely flat. Integumeut double, both membranous. Embryo straight, with an inferior radicle, destitute of albumen. Herbs, shrubs, subshrubs and trees, beset with glands, and abounding in a yellow resinous juice, which is usually purgative or anthelmutic, and so very analogous to gamboge, that the juice of Vismia Guianensis and several other species have received the name of American gamboge. Most of the Hypcric'incce are bitter and slightly astringent, whence they have been used as febrifuges. Leaves exstipulate, opposite, very rarely alternate, crenated, sessile, or on very short petioles, fidl of pellucid and black dots, seldom without, feather-nerved. Flowers terminal or axillary, stalked or sessile, leafy or nakedly-panicled, but usually bracteate. This order may be easily distinguished from the preceding orders in abounding in resinous juice. It differs from Aurantiacece in having opposite, simple leaves, and from Guttifercce in the anthers being oscillatory, not adnate. Synopsis of the genera. Tribe I. Vismie"^. Fruit baccate {f. 102. a,). Seeds terete. Flowers in leaflets, racemose or corymbose, distinct, terminal panicles. Shrubs with stalked leaves. 1 Vi'sMiA. Berry membranous. Styles 5 (f. 102. a.), crowned by 5 peltate stigmas. Stamens disposed in 5 bundles (f. 103. e.), each bundle alternating with a gland. Calyx 5- parted. Petals 5, usually villous within. Tribe II. Hyi'Eri'cex. Fruit capsular. Seeds terete. Flowers ter- minal and axillary, corymbose. Shrubs and herbs usually with sessile leaves. 2 Andbos.e'mum. Capsule baccate, 1-celled. Calyx 5- parted. Petals 5. Styles 3. Stamens numerous, monadelphous at the base (D. C.) disposed in 3 sets (Smith). 3 Hyi'e'ricum. Capsule membranous. Styles 3-5, variable in number. Stamens indefinite, rarely definite, disposed in 3-5 bundles at the base, rarely free. Petals 5. Sepals 5, unequal, more or less connected at the base. 4 Elo'dea. Capsule partly 3-celled, many-seeded. Styles 3. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, with nectariferous claws. Stamens 9-15, growing in 3 parcels. 5 Saro'tiira. Capsule 3-vaIved, 1-celled, margins of the valves bearing the seeds. Stamens 5-0, free. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, narrow. 6 Lancretia. Calyx of 4-5 equal sepals. Petals 4-5. Stamens 10, free, 5 of which are opposite the petals and shorter. Styles 4-5. 7 A'scYRUM. Calyx of 4 sepals, 2 outer ones small, 2 inner ones large. Petals 4. Stamens numerous, hardly connected at the base. Styles 1-3. Tribe III. EucRYi'HiE a. Fruit capisidar (f. 103. «.). Secdsjlat, winged. Styles 3-12 (f. 103. _;.). Shrubs and trees with stalked leaves. Flowers axillary, solitary, or disposed in terminal cymes cr jMnicles. 8 Carpodontos. Sepals and petals 4. Styles 5-8. Capsule woody, with filiform placentas and boat-shaped cells. Ovary villous. Stamens numerous. 9 EucRY'r-HiA. Sepals and petals 5 (f. 103. c). Styles 12 (f. 103. J.). Stamens numerous, rather connected at the base. Carpels boat-shaped, hanging by funicles (f. 103. e.). 10 Elie A. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens numerous, dis- posed in 3 bundles. Styles 3. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved. Seeds 2 in each cell, fixed above the base of the central trigonal receptacle. 11 Crato'xylum. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens nu- merous, collected into 3 bundles. Styles and stigmas 3. Cap- sule 3-celled, 3-valved, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. 12 Haro'nga. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 15, collected into 5 bundles. Fruit baccate, 5-celled ; cells 2-3-seeded. Styles and stigmas 5. Tribe I. VISMIE'^ (Chois. prod. hyp. 33.) Fruit a berry. Flowers in distinct, leafless, racemose or corymbose terminal panicles. Shrubs or trees with opposite, usually stalked leaves. I. VI'SMIA (in honour of M. de Visme, a Lisbon merchant), Vand. in Roem. script, hisp. p. 138. t. 7. f 4. Chois. prod. hyp. 34. D. C. prod. l.p. 542. Lin. SYST. Polyadelphia, Polydndria. Calyx 5-partLd. Petals 5, usually villous on the inside. Berry membranaceous. Styles 5 (f. 102. o.). Stigmas peltate. Stamens nimierous, disjwsed into 5 bundles (f. 102. e.), opjjosite the petals, alternating with 5 glands or scales. Anthers small, roundish, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise. Seeds with a double covering. — Shrubs and trees, with quadrangular, opposite branches. Leaves entire, usually covered with rufescent down, and generally full of glandular and pellucid dots. Flowers disposed in terminal, branched pa- nicles or cymes. Buds ovate or oblong. Flowers of all yellow or o-reenish. A resinous yellow juice flows from all parts of the plant when cut or broken, resembling gamboge. 1 V. GLABRA (Ruiz ct Pav, syst. fl. per. p. 183.) branches GOO HYPERICINE^. I. VisMiA. compressed ; leaves elliptical-lanceolate, smooth ; petioles short, compressed ; buds globose ; sepals obtuse, smooth ; panicle loose. (j . S. Native of Peru. Smooth Wax-tree. Shrub 15 feet. 2 V. sr.ssii.ii oLiA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 8G.) stem angular ; leaves elliptirai-lanceolate, acute, cordate at the base ; petioles very .short and thick ; buds globose ; calyx ovate-oblong ; panicle mul- tifid. I; . S. Native of Guiana. Hypericum sessilifoliuu), Alibi, guian. 2. p. 787. t. ^12. f. 2. The resinous juice which flows from all parts of the plant when broke or cut, is jjurgativc in doses of 7 or 8 grains. Sessile-lcavcd Wax-tree. .Shrub 6 feet. .'5 V. ueticli.a'ta (Chois. prod. hyp. p. .'34.) branches rufes- ccnt ; leaves elliptical-oblong, v. ry long, somewhat obtuse, rather cordate at the base, netted, rufesccnt ; petioles very short ; buds ovate-globose ; calyx obtuse, villous on the outside. Ij . S. Native of Guiana. Hvpericum reticuKitum, Poir. diet, suppl. 3. p. G94. AV/ellucid dots; bundles of stamens triandrous, shorter tlian the ealyx ; styles long ; leaves elliptical, full of black dots, and with a few hairs. h . S. Native of Brazil. Sinnll-Jlowcrcd Wax-tree. .Shrub fi feet. IG V. Cayenne'nsis (Pers. ench. 2. p. 86.) stem terete; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, with black dots above ; petioles channelled ; calyx obtuse ; biuls globose ; panicles few- flowered. Ij . S. Native of Cayenne. Hypericum Cayennense, Lin. ama-n. 8. p. 321. Petals white. Cayenne Wax-tree. Shrub 1 0 feet. 17 V. acimina'ta (Pers. ench. 2. p. 86.) leaves hispid be- neath, hardly dotted, acuminated at the apex ; buds small, ovate; IIYPERICINE.'E. 1. VisMiA. II. Andkos.emum. III. Hypericum. GO I calyx somewhat liaiiy; berryglobose ; brandies compressed, f; .S. Native of Guiana. Hypericum acuminittiim, Lam. diet. 4. p. 150. yar. fi, caparosa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 5 13.) branches tetragonal; leaves much more hispid on l)oth surfaces. V. caparosa, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 4. p. 1 82. Acuminatcd-leiweCi Wax-tree. Tree 25 feet. 18 V. Guinee'nsis (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 3G.) stem round ; brandies divaricating ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, soft, and dotted beneath ; petioles thin ; panicles spreading ; calyx ovate- lanceolate ; corolla smooth. 1; . S. Native of Guinea in low lands, near Freetown, Sierra Leone. Hypericum Guineense, Lin. amcen. 8. p. 32. t. 8. f. 1 . Guinea Wax-tree. Fl. Feb. April. Shrub 4 feet. 19 V. LATiFOLiA (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 30.) arborescent; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, somewhat cordate, full of black dots, and covered beneath with short rufescent down, green above ; petioles short, thick ; calyx irregularly vittate ; bundles of stamens containing about 15 ; styles short, thick. V; . S. Na- tive of Guiana. Hvperieum latifolium, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 787. t. 312. f. 1. Petals dotted. Broad-leaved AV ax-tree. Shrub 6 feet. •f Species little known, or doubtful nhether they belong to this genus. 20 V. TOMENTOSA (Ruiz et Pav. syst. fl. per. 183.) leaves ovate, acute, downy beneath ; racemes terminal. tj . S. Native of Peru. 7o/nen; . G. Native of the Canary Islands. H. frulescens. Sec. Comm. hort. amst. p. 137. t. 68. Sepals ciliated. Bundle-Jloivered St, John's-wort, Fl. Aug. Clt. 1779. Shrub 3 feet. 10 H. mille'poru.m (Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 343.) branches round ; leaves on short petioles, lanceolate, tapering to both ends, nerved, full of pellucid dots, fringed with glandular teeth ; sepals lanceolate, fringed with glandular teeth ; flowers corymbose. I7 . G. Native of Tcnerifte. TliousatiJ-puredAcavcd St. John's-wort. Shrub 2 feet. 1 1 H. Oi.y'mpicum (Lin. spec. 1 102.) stem round ; leaves ellip- tical-lanceolate, rather acute, full of pellucid dots ; calyx ovate, acute ; peduncles bibracteate ; corolla and stamens marcescent. f; . G. Native of mount Olympus and of China. Smith, exot. hot. 2. p. 71. t. 90. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1867. Leaves glaucous, sessile. Olympian St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1700. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 12 H. Canarie'nse (Lin. syst. 575.) stem obsoletely quad- rangular ; branches compressed ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute ; calyx ovate, obtuse ; styles 3-4, diverging. tj . G. Native of the Canary Islands. Lodd. bot. cab. 953. Var-jl, Iripliyltiiw (D.C. prod. 1. p. 544.) leaves tern. I'ar. y, salicifdlium (D. C. prod. 1. p. 544.) leaves linear-lan- ceolate, longer. Canary-Island St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1099. Shrub 2 feet. * * Styles commonly 5. 13 H. Ciiine'nse (Lin.anucn. 8. p. 323.) stem round; leaves elliptical, obtuse, with a few black dots ; peduncles bibracteate ; 1 calyx oblong, obtuse, beset with black dots ; styles connected together. H . G. Native of the East Indie-, and of the Cape of Good Hope ? H. monogyuum, Mill. ilUist. 151. f. 2. H. aiireum. Lour. C7ii«ot St. John's-wort. Fl. March, Sept. Clt. 1753. Shrub 3 feet. 14 H. MONo'oYMUM (Lin. spec. 1 102. Uluni. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 007.) stem terete, shrubby ; leaves oblong-oval, recurved at the base, somewhat auricled, without dots; ]>eduncles sub-corymbose, leafy, bibracteate ; bracteas nearly opposite ; sepals lanceolate, acutish ; styles 5, coadunate, equal in Icngtii to the stamens and corolla. l; . G. Native of Japan and China. Curt. bot. mag. 334. Flowers yellow. One-styled St. John's-wort. Shrub 3 feet. 15 H. coKDiFoLiuM (Cliois. mss, D. C. prod. 1. p. 545.) stem round ; leaves elliptical, acute, coriaceous, smooth, somewhat stem-clasping, without dots ; flower-bearing branches crowded, leafy below ; bracteas ovate-cordate, acute ; sepals ovate, mu- cronate, without dots ; petals oblong, uneijual-sided, obliquely mucronulate ; stamens short ; styles unconnected, scarcely longer than the corolla. Ij . G. Native of Nipaul at Thankot, and at Narain-hetty. H. bracteatum and Lungiisum, Hamilt. mss. in D. Don, prod. p. 217. It is called Lungusu and Rieanana in the Nawar language. //(Y/r/-/enm/ St. John's-wort. Fl. April, Oct. Clt. 1825. Shrub 2 feet. 10 H.? ALTERNIFOLIUM (Vahl. symb. 2. p. 85. t. 42.) branches round ; leaves alternate, lanceolate ; peduncles tribrac- teate ; styles reflexed. — Native of the East Indies. .lllernatc-lcaveil St. John's-wort. Shrub ? 17 H. pyramida'tum (Ait. hort. kew, ed. 1. vol. 3. p. 103.) stem winged ; leaves stem-clasping, oblong-lanceolate, acute, with revolute margins ; peduncles short, thick ; sepals rather acute , styles 5-7, short, thick, connected together at the base, ■y.. H. Native of North America in Canada? Vent. malm. t. 118. H. amplexicaule. Lam. diet. 4. p. 14. i'(/raH//(/n/-floweretl St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1 764. PI. 4 feet. 18 H. ROSTRA TUM (Rafin. fl. lud. p. 87.) stem frutescent, 2 -edged ; leaves sessile, ovate, acute at both ends, with revolute, dotted margins ; corymbs axillary and terminal ; calyx bibrac- teate ; ovaries beaked ; styles 5. i;. H. Native of North Ame- rica in Louisiana. Z)ca/.frf-ovaried St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 2 feet. 19 H. a'scvron (Lin. spec. 1102.) stem tetragonal, simple; leaves stem-clasping, lanceolate, acute, full of pellucid dots ; flowers few ; sepals blunt ; styles connected together at the base. 14. H. Native of Siberia.— Gmel. fl. sib. 4. p. 178. t. 69. Flowers very large. Soft St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1774. PI. 3 feet. 20 H. ascyroi'des (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1443.) stem simple, winged at the base, and tetragonal towards the top ; leaves ob- long-lanceolate, acute ; sepals oblong-lanceolate ; styles free, length of the stamens. %. II. Native of North America in Can.ida and the western parts of New York. H. macrocdrpum, Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 82. Flowers very large. Ascyron-l'ikc St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812. PI. 3 feel. 21 H. lanceola'tum (Lam. diet. 4. p. 145.) stem round; leaves lanceolate, with black dotted margins, acutish at (he apex; flowers solitary ; sepals hlimt; styles connected together. Vl . G. Native of the Island of Bourbon and Caft're Land. Cliois. prod. hyp. p. 41. exclusive of the synonyme of Jaccj. jMiieculale-lcuwd St. John's-wort. .Shrub 3 feet. 22 H. ANGUSTiFoi.if.M (Lam. diet. 4. p. 145.) stein round; leaves linear-lanceolate, approximate, with revolute margins. HYPERICINE.E. III. IIviericum. G03 witliout dots ; flowers large, solitary ; sepals acmish ; styles connected toi^ether. ^ . S. Native of the Island of Bourbon. Narrow-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub 3 feet. 23 H. pa'tulum (Tlninb. jap. p. 295. t. 17.) stem round, pur- plish ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, tapering to the base, with revolute margins, without dots ; flowers corymbose ; styles re- curved at the apex, scarcely longer than the stamens ; peduncles bibracteate ; sepals suborbicular, very obtuse. ^ . H. Native of Japan and Nipaul. I'ar. iX atleiuialum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 545.) all parts of the shrub are shorter, slenderer, and more crowded. Spreading St. John's-wort. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 feet. 2l H. Java'nicim (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 667.) stem terete, shrubby ; leaves membranous, ovate-lanceo- late, bluntish, tapering a little to the base, with reflexed margins, glaucous beneath, full of fine pellucid dots ; flowers corymbose ; pedicels bibracteate ; bracteas hnear-awl-shaped ; sepals lanceo- late, acuminated ; styles exceeding the stamens, but shorter than the corolla. ^ ■ S. Native of Java. Allied to H. palulum. Flowers yellow. Java St. John's-wort. Shrub. 25 H. coriaVeum (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 667.) stem terete, shrubby; branches fastigiate ; leaves coria- ceous, crowded, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, glaucous beneath, full of pellucid dots ; peduncles tern, 1-3-flowered, bracteate in the middle ; bracteas lanceolate ; sepals oval, obtuse or acute ; styles 5, exceeding the stamens, but equal with the corolla. I^ . S. Native of Java. Allied to H. Javdnicum. Coriaceous-\ea.\eA St. John's-wort. Shrub 6 feet. 2G H. ce'rnuum (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 59. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 218.) branches round; leaves elliptical-oblong, mucro- nulate, glaucous ; peduncles solitary or in threes ; sepals ellip- tical, acute ; petals unequal-sided, oblong, obtuse ; styles and stamens very long. ^ . G. Native of Sirinagur, where it is called Peoalee. Branches purplish, suffused, with glaucous pol- len. Floxvers very lar-e. Drooping St. John's-wort. Shrub 3 feet. 27 H. Kalmia'num (Lam. diet. 4. p. 148.) branches tetra- gonal ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers 3-7, in a terminal corymb ; sepals lanceolate, bluntish. Tj . H. Native of North America in Pennsylvania and Virginia. A'fl/m'i St. John's-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 28 H. ven6s€m (Lam. diet. 4. p. 146.) stem tetragonal, red- dish, simple ; leaves ovate-oblong, stem-clasping, bluntish ; flowers large, terminal; peduncles bracteate ; sepals ovate-round- ish ; styles exceeding the stamens in length. fj . G. Native ? Perhaps this plant is sufficiently distinct from H. calychium. J'einy St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot? 29 H. TRiFLORUM (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 667.) stem terete, shrubby ; leaves membranous, ovate-oblong, bluntish, full of pellucid dots, younger ones somewhat stem- clasping at the base ; peduncles usually tern, 1 -flowered, ter- minal, with 2 lanceolate bracteas in the middle ; sepals oval-ob- long, acute ; styles 5, exceeding the stamens, but shorter than the corolla. \ . S. Native of Java. Allied to H. Lesche- naultii. Var. (i, angustalum (Blum. 1. c.) leaves and sepals oblong- lanceolate. Three-flowered St. John's-wort. Shrub. 30 H. Leschenau'ltii (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 545.) stem round, suffruticose : leaves oblong-elliptical, obtuse, full of pellucid dots ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute ; stamens very short ; styles exceeding the stamens in length, but shorter than the corolla. Vi . S. Native of Java. Very like H. ohlmgifoHum. Leschenaull's St. John's-wort. Shrub 2 feet. 31 H. Ura'i.um (Hamilt. mss. in D.Don, prod. nep. p. 218.) branches compressed, 2-edged ; leaves elliptical, niucronulate, smooth, shining ; flowers terminal, somewhat corymbose ; sepals oval, very blunt ; petals orbicular ; styles shorter than the sta- mens. y> . H. Native of Nipaul at Narainhetty. Called Urala S7i'a in the Nawar language. Sims, hot. mag. t. 2375. (V(7/rt St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1823. Shrub 2 ft. 32 H. oiii.ONGu-onuM (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 42. t. 4.) stem roiuid ; branches compressed; leaves elliptical-lanceolate, crowd- ed, with the margins a little revolute, full of fine pellucid dots ; sepals oblong, bluntish ; styles exceeding the stamens in length. Tj . G. Native of the East Indies and Nipaul. Oblong-leaved St, John's-wort. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1823. Shrub 2 feet. 33 H. calyci NUM (I>in. mant. lOfi.) stem tetragonal, dwarf; leaves ovate, coriaceous, broad, full of pellucid dots ; flowers large, terminal, solitary ; sepals large, obovate, spreading ; cap- sule nodding. Ij . H. Native of the Levant and on Mount Olympus, &c. In Ireland 3 miles from Cork, on the way to Bandon. Wood above Largs, on the western coast of Scotland. Curt. hot. mag. t. 146. Smith, engl. hot. t. 2017. Jacq. fragn. 10. t. 6. f. 4. Root creeping. This plant is a great ornament to shrubberies and parks, and excellent as a shelter for game. I'ar. ft, acutifblium (D. C. prod. 1. p. 546.) the leaves at the base of the branches are more acute. Large-calij.xed St. John's-wort or Tutsan. Fl. June, Sept. Ireland. Shrub 1 foot. 34 H. Balea'ricum (Lin. spec. 1101.) stem quadrangular, warted ; leaves ovate, obtuse, rather stem-clasping. 1^ . F. Nativeof the island of Majorca. Curt. bot. mag. t. 137. Leaves small, glaucous. iV/«;'orca St. John's-wort. Fl. March, Sept. Clt. 1714. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. Sect. II. Tride'smos (from rptif, treis, three, and cea/xe, desme, a bundle ; in allusion to the stamens being disposed into 3 bundles). Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 546. Calyx of 5 equal, entire sepals. .Stamens connected together in 3 bundles, each bundle having the appearance of a hair-pencil. Styles 3. — An undcrshrub, with axillary, long stalked flowers. Perhaps a species oi Elodea or Eliea. 35 H. BiFLORUJi (Lam. diet. 4. p. 170.) stem smooth, round- ish, grey; leaves ovate-elliptical, smooth, acutish, stalked, veiny; sepals ovate, blunt ; styles equal in length with the stamens. Jj . G. Native of China near the Straits of Bouton. H. Chi- nense, Retz, obs. bot. 5. p. 27. Two-flonered St. John's-wort. Shrub 2 feet. Sect. III. Perfora'ria (from per/brniui, perforated ; because the leaves are full of pellucid dots, which gives them the appear- ance of being perforated). Chois. prod. hyp. p. 44. D. C. prod. 1. p. 546. Calyx of 5 equal sepals, toothed in some, but entire in others, or with glandular teeth, connected at the base. Sta- mens numerous, free or disposed in 5 sets. Styles commonly 3. — Herbs or undershrubs. Flowers axillary, or in terminal pa- nicled corymbs. Leaves rarely linear. * Sepals entire. 36 H. micra'nthum (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 44. t. 5.) stem round, dotted, purplisli ; branches straight ; leaves oblong, ob- tuse, full of black dots ; flowers crowded, terminal ; calyx small, obtuse ; corolla full of black dots, as well as the anthers. "H . H. Native of Carolina. Small-flowered St. John's-wort. PI. 1 foot. 37 H. angulosum (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 78.) stem 4 n 2 604 IIVPKKICINE.E. 111. IhrtKiciM. ((uadran^ular, erect ; leaves distant, elongated, ovate, stem-clasp- ing, acute, without dots, margins sinuated ; Howers axillary, solitary ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; styles connected together. y. . B. H. Native of North America in bogs and cedar swamps in New Jersey and Carolina. Flowers beautiful copper-co- loured in terminal dichotomous ])anicles. y^Hg-H/ar-stcmmcd St. John's-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1812. J'l. 1 foot. 38 H. uLiciNosuM (H. B. ct Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 194.) stem herbaceous, straight, tetragonal ; leaves oblong, acu- tish, upper ones lanceolate, dotted ; sepals linear-lanceolate, acuminate; styles 3- 1; stigmas capitate. 1/ . B. S. Native of South America near La Vente Grande ofCaraccas. Far. ji, multiflorum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 5-I-7.) flowers smaller and more copious. 1/ . B. S. Native of Soutii America on mount Saraguru near Loxa. Hog St. John's-wort. Fl. July. PI. 1 foot. 39 II. tlncta'tum (Lam. diet. 1. p. 104.) stem round, full of bl.ick dots ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acutisli, stem-clasping, also full of black dots ; flowers corvnibose ; sepals lanceolate, and are as well as the corolla fidl of black dots. 1/ . H. Native of North America in shady woods from New England to Carolina, parti- cularly iu the range of the Alleghany mountains. II. maculatum, Walt. fl. carol. 189. H. corymbosum, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1457. I'lowcrs pale- vellow, smaller than those of//. /)er/orao«f(/ St. John's-wort. Fl. June. Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. U ft. 40 H. niiLo.soTis (Cham, et Schlecht. Linnsea. 4. p. 218.) smooth, full of black dots ; stem 4-winged or 4-angled, terete at the base ; floriferous branches compressed, 2-edged ; leaves oblong, 3-nerved, quite entire; floral leaves minute, hardly equal with the pedicels ; flowers minute, pcntandrous, and trigynous ; sepals acute, entire; styles apiculate, pustulate. 7^. F. Native of Mexico near Jalapa. Styles iiurjjlish-brown. Petals yellow. Water-loving St. John's-wort. PI. J to 1 foot. 41 H. form6sl'.m (II. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 190. t. 4G0.) stem round, smooth, without dots ; leaves ovate-oblong, blunt, somewhat stem-clasping, dotted beneath ; flowers corym- bose ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, and petals obovatc-cuneated, both covered with glandular dots. % . F. Native of South America near Pazcuaro. Scarcely distinct from H. imnctatum. Beautiful St. John's-wort. Pi. 1 foot. 42 H. Doi.ABKiFORNfE (Vent. hort. eels. p. 45.) stem erect, purple ; leaves linear-lanceolate, reflexed, full of pellucid dots; ilowers corymbose ; peduncles dichotomous ; sepals unequal, acute, reflexed, dotted, with revolute edges. ^.H. Native of North America on the dry hills of Kentucky. F'lowers golden- yellow. Petals hatchet-shaped. Styles S. Halcliet-sh(iped-Y>el:i\\e(l St. John's-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. PI. I J foot. 43 11. i'uate'nse (Cham, ex Schlecht. Linnsca. 4. p. 218.) plant branched, smooth, but with black dots ; stem tetragonal, rather winged ; leaves erect, narrow, linear or oblong, tapering to the apex, witli reflexed or revolute margins, floral ones or bracteas awl-shaped ; stamens 20-30, icosandrous ; flowers trigynous. 1^. F. Native of Mexico at Jalapa. Mention' St. John's-wort. PI. 2 feet. 44 H. colli'nim (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p 219.) smooth ; stem purplish, terete, branched, or sini])le ; branches forming a cymose panicle ; leaves loose, obovate, rounded at the apex, cuneate at the base, full of pellucid dots ; flowers pedicellate, icosandrous and trigynous ; sepals oblong, obtuse, full of jiellucid dots, and with a few black glands; capsule egg- shaped, acute, twice the length of the calyx. 2/ . F. Native of Mexico. //in St. John's- wort. PI. 1^ foot. 4:0 H. cisTUOLiuM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 158.) stem angular; leaves ovate-oblong, acutish, stem-clasping, fidl of black dots beneath, with revolute edges ; flowers disposed in dichotomous corymbs; sepals ovate; styles connected together. %. H. Native of Soutli America. CM/Hi-/(0((t/ St. John's H-ort. Fl. June, July- PI. 1 foot. 40 II. !,osga'kici-.m (Ledeb. ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 297.) stem compressed; leaves elliptical, cordate, obtu.se, glaucous, with pellucii)er tetragonal ; leaves small, crowded, linear-sublanceolate, acute, full of pellucid dots; flowers at the tops of the branches, axillary and terminal, col- lected into corymbs, 4-5-gynous ; segments of calyx linear- HYPERICINEiE. III. IIviericum. G05 awl-shaped. h . S. Native of Brazil in that part of the pro- vince of St. Paul called Campos Gcraes. Stamens numerous, polyadelpiious at the base. Stigmas subcapitatc. AV(A('(/-stenuned St. John's-wort. Fl. Feb. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 0.5 H. te'knum (St. Ilil. fl. bras. 1. p. 330.) smooth; stem suftruticose, erect, nearly simple ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse at tlie base, acutisli at the apex, full of black dots, ap- proximate, pressed to the stem, lower and rameal ones oppo- site, upper ones tern ; flowers panicled, 3-4-gynous ; segments of calyx ccpial, oblong-lanceolate. >j . S. Native of Brazil in the southern part of the province of St. Paul. Stamens poly- adelphous at the base. Stigmas subca|)itatc. 7Vr?) -leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. Mar. Shrub 1 foot. 56 H. TAMARisci^NUM (Cham, et Schlecht. Liiuisea. 3. p. ISl.) stem shrubby, branched, delequescent ; leaves half-stem- clasping, lanceolate, acute, keeled, with involute margins, some- times imbricate, full of pellucid dots ; cymes terminal, with many small flowers, glandless ; calycine segments oval, acute, one-half shorter than the corolla, but equal with the calyx ; stamens 18, nearly free, length of petals; styles 3, distinct. ^2 . S. Native of Brazil. Tamari.r-tikc St. John's-wort. Shrub 3 to -t feet. 57 H. Pelletieria NUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 334. t. 70.) smooth ; stem suffruticose, much branched, tetragonal above ; leaves crowded, small, linear-siiblanceolate, acutish, full of pel- lucid dots, covered with resinous powder ; flowers small, nu- merous, paniculately-corymbose, trigynous ; segments of calyx ovate, bluntish, striated, quite entire ; stamens 10-20, free. Ij. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Cisplatine in the eastern part, on a mountain called Pao de Assucar. Stigmas subcapitate. Pcllcttcr's St. John's-wort. Fl. Oct. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 58 H. PARVIFOLIUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 333.) smooth; stem suffiuticose, branched, tetragonal above ; leaves small, linear, obtuse, full of pellucid dots ; flowers small, very numer- ous ; paniculately corymbose, trigynous ; segments of calyx ovate, obtuse, quite entire ; stamens free. Ij . S. Native of Brazil in the province of the Missions on the banks of Ibicuy. Small-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. Feb. Shrub 2 feet. 59 H. EUPHORBioiuES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 332. t. iG9.) smooth ; stem herbaceous, slender ; leaves ovate, or elliptical, obtuse, full of pellucid dots, glaucous beneath ; flowers small, trigynous; stamens 10-15, free. "H.. H. Native of Brazil on the banks of the river Parahyba near Rio Janeiro, as well as in the province of St. Paul. Stigmas capitate. lar.p, nnttus (St. Hil. I.e.) stems shorter ; leaves smaller ; flowers more loose, in forked, panicidate spikes. Rio Janeiro. I'ar. y, Jluribundum (St. Hil. 1. c.) stems numerous ; leaves smaller ; flowers more or less dense. In Minas Geraes. Euphorbia-llke St. Joini's-wort. Fl. Sept. PL \ to 1 foot. 60 H. cordifo'rme (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 330.) smooth; stem suffruticose, upper part tetragonal ; leaves heart-shaped, coria- ceous, approximate, pressed to the stem ; flowers cymose, crowded, trigynous ; segments of calyx ovate, acute. Ij . S. Native of Brazil in the southern part of the province of Minas Geraes. Stamens free. Stigmas subcapitate. Heart-fonnedAeaved St. John's-wort. Fl. Mar. Sh. ^ to H ft. 61 H. TERETiu'scULUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 331.) smooth; stem erect, rather round ; branches tetragonal ; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, bluntish, full of black dots beneath ; flowers pa- nicled, pentagynous; segments of calyx oblong-lanceolate, acute. h . S. Native of Brazil in the southern part of the province of St. Paul, where it is called Arudo do Campo. Stamens numerous, free. Stigmas subcapitate. iJouKf/iiA -stemmed St. John's-wort. Fl. Jan. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 62 H. ruNCTULAiUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 334^.) smooth; stem erect, tetragonal, a little branched ; leaves sublinear, ob- tuse, full of pellucid dots ; cyme trifid ; flowers pentagynous ; segments of calyx oblong, acuminated, acute. %. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, not far from the town of Mantiqueira. Stamens 10-20, free. Stigmas subca- pitate. Small-dotted St. John's-wort. Fl. Dec. PI. 1 foot. 63 H. ri'gidum (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 336.) smooth ; stem sufiruticose, terete ; leaves linear or sublinear or oblong-linear, acute, full of pellucid dots, rigid, coriaceous ; flowers terminal, few, pentagynous ; segments of calyx linear-lanceolate, acute. ^2 • S. Native of Brazil in the southern part of the province of St. Paul, near the town called Curityba. Stainens numerous, free. Stigmas subcapitate. I'ar. ft, brevifblium (Hil. 1. c.) leaves shorter and more nu- merous ; flowers cymose or paniculately cymose. Stiff St. John's-wort. Fl. Mar. Sh. 2 to 3 feet. 6t H. LINOIDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 333.) smooth ; stem subherbaceous, erect, very straight, tetragonal above ; leaves obtuse, hardly dotted, lower ones sublanceolate-linear ; panicle terminal, elongated ; segments of the calyx equal, linear, or ovate-lanceolate, acute ; stamens free ; styles 5. 1/ . S. Native of Brazil in the western part of the province of Rio Grande de St. Pedro do Sul, on the banks of a rivulet called Garapuita. Stigmas capitate. Flax-like St. John's-wort. Fl. Feb. PI. 1 foot. 65 H. LAXiu'scuLi'M (St. Hil. j)l. us. bras. no. 62.) smooth ; stem herbaceous, upper part tetragonal ; leaves rather distant, obtuse, full of pellucid dots, lower ones narrow, lanceolate, upper and rameal ones linear-lanceolate ; flowers corymbose, pentagynous ; segments of the calyx equal, nearly linear, acute. 11 . S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of St. Paul and Minas Geraes, where the inhabitants employ a decoction of the leaves against the bites of serpents. Zoo«c-flowered St. John's-wort. Fl. Feb. PI. 1 foot. 66 H. campe'stre (Cham, ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 3. p. 122.) stem shrubby, branched ; leaves oblong, tapering to the base, full of pellucid dots ; cymes terminal, leafless, glandless ; caly- cine segments narrow, lanceolate, ending in long acute acumens, shorter than the corolla, but longer than the capsule ; stamens numerous, short, nearly free ; styles 5, free, diverging. I7 . S. Native of Brazil at Rio Negro. Petals yellow, orange at the tip. Field St. John's-wort. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 67 H. myria'ntiium (Cham, ct Schlecht. Linnaea. 3. p. 123.) stem shrubby, straight, corymbosely branched ; leaves linear, obtuse, glaucous, full of pellucid dots ; cymes terminal, small, and many-flowered, glandless ; calycine segments lanceolate, acute, one-half shorter than the corolla, but equal in length with the capsule ; stamens 12, nearly free, length of petals; styles 3, distinct. Pj . S. Native of Monte Video. Manij-Jlowered St. John's-wort. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 68 H. PROLfi'icuM (Lin. mant. 106.) stem round; branches angular ; leaves linear-lanceolate, with revolute edges, full of pellucid dots ; corymbs few-flowered ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, stamens very numerous ; styles usually connected together. ^7 . H. Native of North America in Virginia or Canada. Wats. dend. brit. t. 88. H. foliosum, Jacq. hort. Schcenbr. 3. p. 27. t. 299. H. Kahnianum, Du Roi. harbk. 1. p. 310. A very common shrub in the gardens. Pjo/j^e St. John's-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1758. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 69 H. TENUiFoLiuM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 337.) smooth; stem short, tetragonal above ; leaves narrow-linear, acute, full of pellucid dots, revolute beneath ; flowers very few, axillary, and terminal, trigynous ; segments of calyx unequal, oblong, with long, acute acumens, fj . S. Native of Brazil in dry 600 IIYPERICINE^. III. Hypericum. lii'lds near the town of St. Paul. Stamens polyadelphous to (he middle. Finc-liavcd St. John's-wort. Fl. Mar. Shrub | to i foot. 70 H. GLAi'cuM (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 78.) stem round ; leaves cordate, stem-clasping, obtuse, with revolule margins, glaucous, full of pellucid dots ; flowers in verj' leafy panicles ; sepals ovate, obtuse ; stamens very numerous. %. F. Native of Florida. Flowers large. 67nMC0Mi-lcaved St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. \&\'i. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 7) H NVDIFLORUM (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 78.) stem te- tragonal and winged ; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, full of sharp dots ; panicle of flowers naked ; sepals linear-lanceolate, acute; styles connected together. '2^.11. Native of North America, particularly in Carolina. Flowers pale-yellow. I'nr. ji, oialtim (D. C. prod. 1. p. 51-8.) sepals ovate ; leaves stem-clasping. H. laevigatum. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 425. I'ar. y, ramosiim (D. C. prod. 1. p. 548.) stem more branched and leafy. AaArrf;^onererf St. John's-wort. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1811. PI. 1| foot. 72 H. sphsroca'rpon (Mich. bor. amer. 2. p. 78.) stem an- gular, erect ; leaves oblong, obtuse, sessile, without dots ; panicle naked, dichotomous ; sepals linear-lanceolate, aoite ; styles connected together; capsules globose. 1/. H. Native of North America in Kentucky and near Philadelphia. Nuttall gives the following character : stem 2-edged at the top ; leaves oblong, full of pellucid dots, obtuse ; cymes naked, compact ; calyx foliaceous, at first shorter than the petals ; styles 3, united or distinct ; stamens shorter than the petals ; not very numerous ; capsule globose. Round-capsuled St. John's-wort. PI. 1-i foot. 73 H. guami'neum (Forst. prod. 53.) stem tetragonal, dicho- tomous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, stem-clasping, sessile, without pellucid dots ; peduncles terminal, solitary, 1 -flowered; sepals linear-lanceolate; styles short, free; stigmas capitate. %. H. Native of New Caledonia. Grassy St. John's-wort. PI. 1 foot. 74 H. fastigia'tum (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 195.) stem straight, branched at the top 1 leaves oblong-lanceo- late, with revolute edges ; sepals linear-lanceolate ; stigmas somewhat funnel-sha])ed; branchlets fastigiate. Tf-.H. Native of Mexico near Pazcuaro. /"rts/i/fia^c-branched St. John's-wort. PI. 2 feet. 75 H. quadra'noildm (Lin. spec. 1104.) stem quadrangular, straight, branched ; leaves ovate, obtuse, full of pellucid dots, .111(1 with black dots on the edges ; panicle many-flowered ; sepals lanceolate ; anthers each tipped with dark purple glands. 11. H. Native throu;;l)out Europe in moist meadows and thickets. Plentiful in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 370. Curt, lond. fasc. 4. t. 52. Fl. dan. t. filO. Petals sometimes dotted, and streaked with dark ])urple. Hoot somewhat creeping. I'ar. ji, unduliitum (Willd. enum. p. 811.) leaves with wavy edges. % . H. Native of the South of Europe and north of Africa. Quadrangidar-siemmeA St. John's-wort or .St. Peter's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Brit. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 76 H. uu^niLM (Leers. 162. Willd. spec. 3. p. 1460.) stem obscurely quadrangidar, erect, branched ; leaves obtuse, almost destitute of pellucid dots, but conunonly with a broken row of coloured ones close to the margin ; sepals elliptical ; panicles many-flowered. % . H. Native of Europe in rather moim- tainous groves and thickets. In England, about Sapey, near Clifton, Worcestershire ; Luton, Bedfordshire; North Mimms, Herts; at Dowton Castle, near Ludlow, and Hafod, Cardigan- shire, very abundantly. Smith, engl. bot. t. 296. 11. Delphi- nense, Vill. daiiph. 3. p. 497. t. 4I-. H. qiiadianguluni, fl dubium, D. C. prod. 1. p. 548. The petals and calvx are blotched and dotted with dark-purple. I'ar. fl, macutatum (Craiuz. aiistr. fasc. 2. p. 64.) stems more branched; flowers more numerous; petals with black dots. %. H. Native of Eiirojie in groves aiul thickets, ])articiilarlv in Austria and France. II. maculatum, Vill. dau])li. no. 1433. t. 83. f. 1. Doublful or Imperforated .St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 77 II. confe'ktim ; stem almost simple, qu.adrangidar, winged, destitute of black dots ; leaves short, obtuse, nearly destitute of pellucid dots, but with an irregular row of black ones near the margin; sepals acute, with pellucid dots. li.H. Native of Europe. II. quadranguluni, var. <", confertum, D. C. prod. 1, p. 418. Panicles crowded. Petals without dots. C»OH'(/t'rf-Howered St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 78 H. tetra'ptf-rum (Fl. nov. suec. vol. 2. Schlecht. Lin- naa. 4. p. 413.) stem 4-winged ; leaves ovate, obtuse, some- what mucronulate, full of minute pellucid dots, very much reti- cidated ; segments of the calyx lanceolate, mucronate. 2/ . H. Native of Europe, Sweden, &c. Flowers small. H. quadran- gulum, Schlecht. fl. berl. 1. p. 397. Foitr-Tvingcd-stemmed St. John's-wort. PI. 2 feet. 79 H. tetra'ptera-quadra'ncullm (Schlecht. 1. c. p. 414.) stem obsoletely quadrangidar ; leaves elliptic, full of pellucid dots, reticulately veined ; calycine segments broad-lanceolate, acute. If.. II. Native with the last. There is a variety with less membranous angles, less reticulated leaves, and oblong, blunt, calycine segments, and larger flowers. Four-n'iiigcd-four'nnglcd-stvmmed St. John's-wort. Fl. June, July. PI. U foot. 80 H. PKRFORA'TO-QUAnRA'NGULUM (Schlccllt. ). C. p. 415.) stem obsoletely quadrangular ; leaves elliptic, full of pellucid dots, reticulately veined ; calycine segments lanceolate or oblong- elliptic, acutish. 1/. H. Native of Sweden? Flowers large. There is a variety with dotless leaves. Perforated-quadrangular St. John's-wort. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 1 foot. 81 H. ATTENUA^TUM (Cliois. prod. hyp. p. 47. t. G.) stem round, erect, full of black dots ; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, somewhat stem-clasping, full of black dots ; sepals lanceolate, with black dots; petals with black dots at the apex. Tf.. H. Native of Siberia. rn;)cnn^r St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. 1 to 11 foot. 82 il. re'pens (Lin. spec. 1103.) stem suflruticose, round, purplish, ascending and prostrate ; leaves ovate-linear, obtuse, approximate, scarcely perlbrated ; corjTnbs few-flowered ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, with black dots. 1/. H. Native of the Levant and of Europe in the region of the Mediterranean. Creeping St. John's-wort. Fl. PI. prostrate. 83 H. conna'tu.m (Lam. diet. 4. p. 168.) smooth; stem nearly simj)Ie ; leaves connately-perfoliate, the free part ovate, acutish or obtuse, girded by an elevated margin, glaucous and dotted with black beneath, coriaceous ; flowers cymose, penta- gynous ; bracteas linear-awl-shaped ; segments of calyx ovate, acuminated. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. St. Hil. pi. us. bras, no. 61. This plant is astringent, and a decoction of it is used in Brazil as a gargle for a sore throat. CoHHo/t'-leavcd St. John's-wort. Shrub 1^ foot. 84 n. chlor.ef6liim (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 329.) smooth ; stem simple ; leaves connately perfoliate, the free part semi- circular, mucronulate, girded by an elevated margin, glaucous HYPERICINE/E. III. IIypkricum. 607 beneath and full of black dots, coriaceous, distant ; flowers cymose, pentagynous ; segments of calyx ovate, acuminated. I7 . S. Native of Brazil in that part of the province of St. Paul called Campos Geraes. Stamens very numerous, nearly free. Stifjmas subcapitate. C/ilura-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. Feb. Shrub 1^ foot. 85 H. ere'ctu.m (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 296.) stem round, purple, straight ; leaves lanceolate, acute, stem-clasping, with revolute edges; sepals lanceolate. 1/ . F. Native of Japan in the moun- tains of Nagasaki. Erect St. John's-wort. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 86 H. J.u-o'nicum (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 295. t. 31.) stem weak, tetragonal, smooth, decumbent ; leaves broad-ovate or oval, mucronate, somewhat cordate, obtuse, with revolute edges, full of pellucid dots ; flowers solitary, loosely panicled ; sepals almost equal in length with corolla and stamens ; styles 3, short, diverging, y.. H. Native of Japan and of Nipaul in bogs near the town of Katmandu. H. dichotomum, Hamil. niss. Pedun- cles solitary or tern, 1 -flowered. Stems decumbent. Branches erect. Flowers small. Var. li, ramosum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 5A:d.) stem branched; leaves and flowers more crowded. J«/jn)i St. John's-wort. Fl. May. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 foot. 87 H. DicHo'ioMUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 167.) stem suff"ruticose at the base, round, dichotomously branched ; leaves small, linear- elongated, obtuse, tapering to the base, full of obscure pel- lucid dots ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute ; stamens 9, free. Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Perhaps this species belongs to Eludea. DicJiutonwusAeaveA St. John's-wort. Shrub 2 feet. 88 H. cRi'spuM (Lin.mant. 106.) stem round, much branched ; leaves sessile, lanceolate, sinuately waved at the base, full of pellucid dots ; sepals small, blunt. 1/ . H. Native of the regions of the Mediterranean. — Bocc. mus. 2. p. 34. t. 12. CurledAeaved St. John's-wort. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1688. PI. 1 foot. 89 H. PILOSUM (Walt. fl. carol. 190.) stem twiggy, simple; leaves dilated, ovate, sometimes tapering to the base ; panicles terminal, few-flowered, h . F. Native of North America in Virginia and Carolina. H. Virginianum, &c. Pluk. aim. t. 245. f. 6. A'scyrum villosiun, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1474. Pilose St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot. 90 H. si'mplex (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 80.) pilose; stem simple, round, woolly ; leaves oblong, pressed to the stem, chan- nelled, pubescent ; flowers few, almost sessile ; sepals ovate, ciliated; styles 3, free; stigmas capitate. ©. H. Native of Lower Carolina and Georgia. 5()H/}/e-stemmed St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. PI. i foot. 91 H. Nutta'llii; leaves oblong-ovate, partly connate at the base, and always pressed close to the stem. Tf.. H. Native of North America. H. new, Nutt. gen. 2. p. 17. DiflTers from H. simplex, Michx. Stem simple. The whole plant is covered with matted, somewhat scabrous pubescence. Nutlall's St. John's-wort. PI. 1 foot. 92 H. heterophy'llum (Vent. hort. eels. t. 68.) stem suf- fruticose, round ; leaves linear-lanceolate, full of pellucid dots, axillary ones crowded, imbricate, very short, blunt ; sepals acute, somewhat unequal. V^ ■ F. Native of Persia. Various-leaved St. John's-wort. Clt. 1712. Fl. July, Aug. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 95 H. ./Egvptiacum (Lin. spec. 1103.) stem round; leaves small, ovate, crowded, without dots ; flowers few, almost sessile ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; styles small, diverging. l^ • F- Native of Egypt. Lin. amoen. 8. p. 323. t. 8. f. 3. Ker. bot. reg. 196. Leaves glaucous. Flowers small. jt'gy/j(iaM St. John's-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1787. Shrub 4^ to i\ foot. 94 H. NANi]M(Poir. diet, suppl. 3. p. 699.) stem suff'ruticose; leaves ovate-roundish, very blunt, mucronulate, full of pellucid dots; sepals very thin, acute, lanceolate. Ij . F. Native of Syria. Dwarf St. John's-wort. Shrub ^ foot. 95 H. austra'le (Tenore, fl. neap. app. 5th. ex Linnaca. 3. p. 103.) petals and calyx entire, full of black dots ; leaves opaque, dotless, veiny, oblong-elliptic, obtuse, full of black dots on the margins ; stem herbaceous, obsoletely quadrangular at the base ; flowers cymose ; petals 3 times larger than the calyx ; filaments and anthers dotless. %. FL Native of Lucania. H. huini- fiisum, Tenore, prod. H. dubium, Mauri, rom. pi. cent. 13. p. 27. exclusive of the synonymcs. Sou/hern St. John's-wort. PI. trailing. 96 H. cunea'tum (Poir. suppl. diet. 3. p. 699.) branches roundish, smooth ; leaves obovate, cuneated at the base, obtuse, on short petioles, with a few black glandular dots ; flowers few ; sepals linear-lanceolate, longer than the corolla ; stamens 15-20. 1/ . F. Native of the Levant. Cuneaied-lea\'ed St. John's-wort. PI. prostrate. 97 H. nuMiFusuM (Lin. spec. 1103.) stem compressed, pros- trate ; leaves elliptical, blunt, I'ldl of fine pellucid and black dots on the margins ; flowers cymose, terminal ; sepals ovate, longer than the corolla ; stamens 15-20. 1/ . H. Native of most parts of Europe and Caucasus in sandy, gravelly, heathy, and rather boggy places ; frequent in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1226. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 3. t. 50. Oed. fl. dan. t. 141. This species has a lemon-like scent, as well as N. dubiian and //. perforatum. Trailing St. John's-wort. Fl. July. Britain. PI. trailing.- 98 H. c^EspiTosuM (Cham, et Schlecht. Linnsea. 3. p. 126.) stems herbaceous, prostrate, rising from a woody root, and ascending, tufted ; leaves linear, obtuse, full of pellucid dots ; cymes terminal, leafy, few-flowered, glandless ; calycine segments lanceolate, shorter than the corolla, but longer than the capsule ; stamens about 25, nearly free; styles 3, short, free. %. .S. Native of Chili on dry hills about Talcaguano. Tufted St. John's-wort. PI. trailing. 99 H. anagalloi'des (Cham, et Schlecht. Linnaea. 3. p. 127.) herbaceous, trailing, and creeping ; leaves 5-7-nerved, ovate, obtuse, full of pellucid dots ; cyme terminal, leafy, few-flowered, glandless ; calycine segments obovate, shorter than the corolla ; stamens 15-20, nearly free; styles 3, free. 1^. H. Native of California. Like H. humifusum. Pimpernel-like St. John's-wort. PI. trailing. 100 H. Liotta'rdi (Vill. dauph. t. 44.) stem erectish ; leaves oblong, blunt, full of fine pellucid and black dots on their mar- gins ; flowers cymose, sometimes 4-parted, terminal ; sepals linear-lanceolate, longer than the corolla. $ . H. Native of Dauphiny. Liottard's St. iohn's-wori. Fl. Jidy. Clt. 1819. PI. i foot. 101 H. pusi'llum (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 20.) stem weak, prostrate, tetragonal ; leaves ovate, obtuse, full of pellucid dots ; sepals lanceolate ; petals upright ; stigmas capitate. T^.F. Na- tive of New Holland. A'scvrum humifusum. Lab. ill. nov. holl. 2. p. 33. t. 175. ^?na« St. John's-wort. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 181 8. PI. traihng. 102 H. iNvoLUTUM (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 50.) stem ascend- ing, 4-winged, slender ; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, full of pel- lucid dots ; panicle loose, dichotomous ; sep:ds lanceolate, acute; corolla involute; stigmas capitate. If.. V. Native of New Holland. A'scyrum involiitum. Lab. ill. nov. holl. 2. p. 32. 1. 174. //ii'o/u/c-flowered St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. I foot. 103 H. A'frum (Lam. diet. 4. p. 166.) stem sufTruticose, round, winged ; leaves oblong, obtuse ; full of fine pellucid dots, 608 HYPERICINE.?:. III. IlypERicuM. and with black ones bcncatli and at the margins ; sepals acute, rather unequal, sometimes serrated. J; . F. Native of Barbary, .Spain, and Syria. African St. John's-wort. .Shrub G feet. 104 H. PEBFORATLM (Lin spec. 1105.) stem 2-edged ; leaves ovate or elli])tical, with copious, pellucid dots ; flowers panicled ; .sepals lanceolate, full of ju-llucid dots ; anthers with black dots ; .styles short, irect. l/.II. Native every where throughout Europe, north of Africa, Siberia, in groves, hedges, and thickets. Abundant in Britain. Smith, cngl. bot. t. 295. Curt. lond. fasc. 1. t. 57. Oed. fl. dan. 1043. Turp. in diet. sc. nat. witli a figure. Root tufted. I'lowers bright-yellow, dotted, and streak- ed with purple. 'J'liis ])lant has a powerful lunion-like scent when rubbed, staining the fingers with dark purple, from the great abundance of coloured essential oil lodged in the herbage, and even in the petals. As this plant was found to blood at the sliglitest touch, it was supposed to have a vulnerary ipiality, and became the " balm of the warrior's wound," giving a blood-red colour to every composition, whether of a spiritous or oily nature into whicli it entered. The essential oil, the seat of this colour, is aromatic, and possibly tonic or stimulating, without much acrimony. Although in the present practice this plant is not much regarded as a medicine, yet its sensible qualities, and the re- peated testimonies of its virtues, entitle it to further trials. To the taste it is astringent and bitter, and it seems to be chiefly diuretic. It has been given in ulcerations of the kidneys, and has even been supposed to possess virtues as a febrifuge. The leaves given in substance are said to destroy worms. The dried ])lant, boiled with alum, dyes wool yellow. The common people in France and Germany gather this species of St. John's-norl with great ceremony on St. John's day, and hang it in their windows, as a charm against storms, thunder, and evil spirits ; mistaking the meaning of some medical writers, who have fancifully given this plant the name of Fuga Da-mo- num, from a su])position that it was good in maniacal and hypo- chondriacal disorders. Formerly it was also carried about by the ))eoi)le of Scotland as a charm against witchcraft and enchant- ment ; and they fancy it cures ropy milk, which they suppose to be imdcr some malignant influence, by milking afresh u]>on the herb. Kine and goats eat it, but horses and sheep refuse it. Var. ft, Intiglaiiduldstim (D.C. prod. 1. p. 550.) glands broader and fewer ; leaves more crowded at the top ; panicles more straight and fewer flowered. far. y, elatum (D. C. 1. c.) stem taller, with more distant in- ternodes ; leaves smaller, with revolute margins ; branches straighter ; panicles loose, few-flowered. Far. B, pmictalitm (D. C. prod. 1. p. 550.) stem dwarfer ; sepals blunter, sometimes with glandidar margins ; corolla with black dots. I''ar. f, microplii'/lluvt (D.C. 1. c.) all parts of the plant are more crowded and smaller ; panicles straight, many-flowered. far. f, albijlbriim (D. C. I. c.) flowers white. I'erforalcd or Common St. John's-wort. Fl. June, Sept. Brit. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 105 H. quinquf.ne'rvium (Walt. fl. carol. 100.) stem tetra- gonal ; leaves somewhat stem-clasping, ovate, obtuse, obscurely .5-nerved, full of pellucid dots, which are acute on the under surface ; corymbs dichotomous ; sepals linear-lanceolate. 7/ . H. Native from Canada to Carolina in overflowed places and on Mount Quindiu in South America. H. stellarioides, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 196. H. parviflorum, Willd. spec. .-{. p. 1456. H. miitilum, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1471. Corolla shorter than the calyx. /"ii'c-jierrcrf-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1759. PI. I foot. 106 H. TiiYMiFoLiCM (H. B. ct Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 186. t. 455.) stem shrubby; branches dichotomous; leaves oblong, small, bluntish, full of pellucid dots ; sepals oblong ; styles free ; stigmas peltate. ^. G. Native of South America near Santa Fe de Bogota ? Thymc-lcavcd .St. John's-wort. .Shrub. 107 H. iiKEVi'sTYLiM (Cliois. prod. by]), p. 51. t. 7.) stem prostrate, slender ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, rather blunt, full of jiellucid dots ; panicles few-flowered ; sepals lanceolate ; styles connected, very short ; stigmas capitate. 1/ . F. Native of .South America. Short-stijUd St. John's-wort. PI. prostrate. 108 II. elongVtum (Ledeb. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 347.) branches round ; leaves sessile, linear, glaucous, without dots, with revolute margins ; peduncles opposite ; sepals blunt, striated, entire; petals large, with glandular margins. 'l^.H. Native of Siberia in the Kirghiseaii Steppe at Lake Saisan. Klvngatvd St. John's-wort. I'l. 1 to 2 feet. 109 H. denticcla'tum (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 191. t. 458.) stem ascending; leaves linear-lanceolate, with retrograde teeth at the margins ; flowers decandrous ; sepals oblong-lanceolate ; petals obovatc-cunented ; styles free, very short ; stigmas subcapitate. It . F. Native of Mexico near Guauaxuato. I'oolhlcllcd-leaveA St. John's-wort. PI. 1 foot. 110 II. CiiiivANTE'sii (Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. S. p. 317.) stem erect, 2-edgcd at the apex, dichotomous; leaves stem- clasping, linear, acuminate, with revohite margins ; flowers cymose, leaning to one side ; sepals lanceolate, entire. "H . F. Native of Mexico. Cirraiitci's St. John's-wort. PI. 1 foot. 111 II. Lala'ndii (Chois. niss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 50.) stem tetragonal, with black dots ; leaves lanceolate, acute, with revo- lute margins, rather stem-clasping, and pressed against the stem ; panicle few-flowered, dichotomous ; sepals linear-lanceolate, longer than the corolla ; styles 3, free. %. G. Native of the Cape of Good IIo])e. Lalaiid'.i St. John's-wort. PI. ? 112 II. sii.ENofoES (Juss. ann. mus. 3. p. 1C2. t. 16. f. 3.) leaves lanceolate, with revolute edges ; flowers leaning to one side; sepals narrow, acute, glandidar. "if-.G. Native of Peru on the Andes. Panicle dichotomous. Sikne-Uke St. John's-wort. PI. 1 foot. 113 H. inpe'corum (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 193.) stem branched at the base; lir.mclies elongated, tetra- gonal ; flowers usually pentandrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, dotted ; stigmas somewhat capitate. 11 . F. Native of South America near Loxa. I'ar. ft, pniiiciilaliini (D.C. prod. 1. p. 550.) stem straight, many-flowered ; flowers small, pentandrous or heptandrous ; petals linear. %. F. Native of South America near Ario. H. paniculatum, H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. 5. p. 195. t. 459. Indecorous St. John's-wort. PI. 1 foot. Ill H. Canade'nse (Lin. spec. 1104.) stem herbaceous, straight, 4-wingcd ; leaves linear, bluntish, full of very fine pellucid dots, but with black ones beneath ; j)anicles elongated, dichotomous ; sepals lanceolate ; stylos very short ; capsules conical, red. 1/ . H. Native of North America from Canada to Carolina, and of Mexico, in low gravelly places. Flowers very small. far. ft, minimum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 550.) much smaller in stature; flowers fewer. H. thesiifolium, pauciflorum ami Mo- ranense of H. B. et Kiuith, nov. g(?n. 5. p. 192 and 193. appear to be only varieties of this plant. %: F. Native of Mexico. Conflrfinn St. John's-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1770. PI. I foot. HYl'ERICIXE.E. III. Hvpeiucvm. 609 115 H. Tarque'nse (H. B. ct Kuntli, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 193.) stem straight, branched, dicliotoniou.s, corymbosely-many- flowered ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, dotted, witli revoliite mar- gins ; sepals lanceolate, acuminate ; styles 3-5 ; stigmas some- what capitate. 1/. G. Native of Soutli America in moimtainous places of Quito. Tarquo St. John's-nort. PI. 1 foot. 11(5 H. GALiolr>i:s (Lam. diet. 4. p. 161.) stem suffruticose, round, straight ; leaves linear-hmceolate, tapering to the base, broadest at the apex, acute, witli revolutc dotted margins ; sepals linear, acute, reilexed after Howering ; styles at first connected, but at length free ; capsules conical, very acute. fj. H. Na- tive of North America from New Jersey to Carolina in sandy moist places near rivulets. Petals equal in length to the stamens, scarcely longer than the calyx. Galium-like St. John's-wort. Fi. July, Sept. Shrub 2 feet. 117 H. axilla' RE (Lam. diet. 4. p. 160.) stem shrubby, round, diffuse ; leaves lanceolate-linear, narrowed at the base, with revohite margins ; sepals rather unequal ; styles at first joined, but afterwards free. Ij . H. Native of North America in the pine-woods of Georgia and Florida. H. fasciculutum, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1453. exclusive of the synonyme of Mich. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 376. H. Coris, Walt.fl. carol. 190. Peduncles on the top of the branches, axillary, 3-flowered, with the middle flower sessile. Flowers about the size of those of H. perforatum. . Axillary-Rov;ered St. John's-wort. Fl. Jul. Sh. 1 to 2 feet. 118 fL oKiGANiFOLiUM (Willd. spcc. 3. p. 1467.) stem ascend- ing, downy ; leaves ovate, blunt, pubescent, full of pellucid dots ; flowers large, few ; sepals linear, acute, smooth, with a few black dots at the apex ; corolla full of black dots ; stamens very numerous. 1/ . F. Native of the East about Constantinople, Armenia, and Thrace. H. Lusitanicum, Poir. Marjoram-leaved St. John's-wort. PI. 1 foot. * * Sepals toothed, usually ivith the teeth glandular. 119 H. ELODES (Lin. spec. 1106.) stem villous, round, pro- cumbent ; leaves roundish-ovate, blunt, shaggy, tomentose, full of pellucid dots ; panicle loose, few-flowered ; calyx hardly di- vided half-way down into 5 ovate, obtuse segments, fringed with glands ; stamens few ; stigmas capitate. % . H. Native through- out the north of Europe in marshes. In Britain in spongy, especially mountainous, bogs. Schkuhr. handb. 3. 213. 5. Smith, engl, bot. t. 109. H. tomentosum. Lob. icon. 400. f. 1. Petals expanding in the sun only, pale-yellow, with green ribs. Marsh St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Brit. PI. prostrate. 120 H. TOMENTOSUM (Lin. spec. 1106.) stem round, ascend- ing, tomentose ; leaves ovate, blunt, rather stem-clasping, with black-dotted margins ; panicles loose, dichotomous ; sepals acu- minated ; stigmas simple. % . H. Native of the south of Europe, particularly in the regions of the Mediterranean, in moist meadows. — Clus. liist. 2. p. 181. f. 1. — Mor. hist. 2. p. 470. sect. 5. t. 6. no. 5. roinentose St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1648. PI. -I to I foot. 121 H. LANUGiKosuM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 171.) woolly; stem suffruticose, round, straight ; leaves stem-clasping, ovate, obtuse, with black-dotted margins ; corymb of flowers large, dichoto- mous, many-flowered ; calyx obtuse ; anthers with black dots. "H. F. Native of the Levant and Greece. Woolly St. John's-wort. -PI. 1 to 2 feet. 122 H. HiRSUTUM (Lin. spec. 1105.) stem roimd, hairy, erect; leaves ovate-oblong, downy, ribbed, full of pellucid dots, inter- mixed with a few dark ones ; panicle long, racemose ; caly.x lanceolate, somewhat acute ; fringed like the bracteas with nu- VOL. I. PART. VII. mcrous black, viscid glands, on shortish stalks, such as also terminate the petals ; styles diverging. 1^. H. Native of most parts of Europe and Caucasus in shady places. In Britain in thickets and hedges, chiefly on a dry chalky soil. Sniitli, engl. bot. t. 1156. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 3. t. 49. (Ed. fl. dan. t. 802. Flowers of a bright-yellow colour ; according to Linnaeus they close at night. Hairy St. John's-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Brit. PI. 2 to 3 ft. 123 H. NUMMULA'RiuM(Lin. spec. 1106.) stem round, ascend- ing ; leaves orbicidar, stalked ; calyx ovate, obtuse. 1/ . H. Native of the south of France, Piedmont, &c. on rocky moun- tains. Lam. ill. t. 643.— Pluk. phyt. t. 93. f. 4. 7)fo«eii/-n'or<-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. X to ^ foot, rather prostrate. 124 H. E LEGANS (Steph. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 1469.) stem erect, winged, full of black dots ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, rather stem-clasping, bluntish, full of pellucid dots ; calyx ovate-lan- ceolate, acute, with pellucid dots ; anthers with black dots. %. H. Native of Siberia, and near Hale in Saxony, also of Boiiemiaand Moravia. H. Kohliknum, Sprcng. fl. hal. no. 864. t. 9. H. anagalidifolium, Presl. This is an elegant plant. Elegant St. John's-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 ft. 125 H. GLANDULOSUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 3. p. 107.) stem shrubby, round, erect, branched; leaves elliptical- lanceolate, acute, with glandular margins, and pellucid dots ; calyx lanceolate, acute. Ij . G. Native of Madeira and Tene- rifte. Corolla pale-yellow, full of brown dots. Glandular St. John's-wort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1777. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 126 H. pu'lchrum (Lin. spec. 1106.) stem herbaceous, erect, round ; leaves stem-clasping, cordate, smooth, blunt, full of pellucid dots, with revolute margins ; calyx ovate, obtuse, with glandular serratures, like those of the petals. "5/ . H. Native of most parts of Europe in shady places. In Britain in woods and bushy heathy places, on a clay soil^ frequent. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1227. Curt. lond. fasc. 1. t. 56. GEd. fl. dan. t. 7'5. no. 73. Flowers golden, tipped externally with scarlet, which, combined with the red anthers, has a very gay appearance. Fa(V St. John's-wort. Fl. Jidy. Brit. PI. 1 to U foot. 127 H. annula'tum (Mor. sard, elench. p. 9.) plant cine- reously-pubescent below but smooth above ; leaves oval-oblong, stem-clasping, full of pellucid dots, and with black dots on the in.irgin ; bracteas glandular, crowded, pedicellate, and annular at the base, and are lanceolate as well as the sepals, which are ciliated with glands. %. H. Native of Sardinia in the fissures of rocks. Styles 3. Anthers full of black dots. Annular-hx,iciei}L St. John's-wort. PI. 128 H. ELODioiDES (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 551.) stem round, smooth, simple, without dots ; leaves oval, obtuse, many-nerved, smooth, stem-clasping, glandular at the base, glaucous beneath ; panicle crowded ; sepals lanceolate, acute, fringed with glands; petals oval, with glandular margins. It. H. Native of Nipaul at Narainhetty. H. nervosum, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 219. Leaves and calyxes full of pellucid dots. Petals sulphur-coloured, tipped with black dots. Elodes-like St. John's-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. I to 1 foot. 129 H. barba'tum (Lin. amoen. 8. p. 323.) stem round or somewhat angular, erect, smooth ; leaves stem-clasping, ovate, smooth, full of black dots ; calyx and petals fringed with pale hairs, and beset with black dots as well as the anthers. % . H. Native of Austria and many parts of the soutli of Europe, par- ticidarly in the region of the Mediterranean. In Scotland by the side of a hedge near the wood of Aberdalgy in Strathearn, Perthshire. Jacq. austr. 3. p. 25. t. 259. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1986. 4 I (;io HYPERICINE^. III. Hvrr.RiciM. I'ar.th Calabticutn (D. C. prod. l.p. .'551.) leaves more erect, pressed to the stem. H. Calabricum, Spreng. neue. cntd. 3. p. aoo. Bearded St. John's-wort. Fl. Sept. Oct. Scotl. PI. 1 foot. 130 H. I'EKFOi.lA TIM (Lin. syst. 707.) stem 2-cdged ; leaves ovate, steni-claspinfi, dotted, and glandular ; sepals and petals Cringed, and dotted ; cymes with sessile flowers. l/.H. Na- tive of Italy. PerfoliaieAcavcd St. John's-wort. Fl. May, Jul. C'lt. 1 7S5. ri. 1 foot. 131 H. DF.NTA TIM (Lois. fl. gall. p. 499. t. 17.) stem suflfru- ticosc, round, ascending; leaves stem-clasping, oblong, bluntish, full of pellucid dots, upper ones sometimes toothed ; calyx lan- ceolate, acute, and is as well as the corolla and anthers furnished witli black dots. %. H. Native of tlie Stoccliades Lslands. 7V-f-/A<«/-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 18d0. PI. 1 foot. 1.3:3 H. MONTASUM (Lin. spec. 1105.) stem round, erect, smooth ; leaves stem-clasping, ovate, acutish, besprinkled with pellucid dots, and marked on the margins with black dots ; calyx lanceolate, with dense, prominent, glandular serratures ; anthers dotted with black. 1/ . H. Native of the mountainous parts of Europe. In Britain on wild bushy hills on a chalky or gravelly soil. Smith, engl. bot. t. 371. Oid. fl. dan. t. 173. Leaves i^ to 2 inches long. Bracteas fringed like the calyx, resembling the glands of a moss-rose. Petals pale-lemon co- loured, without spots or glands. Mountain St. John's-wort. Fl. July. Brit. PI. 2 feet. 133 H. M«'sicuM (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 31-8.) stem round, erect, full of black dots ; leaves lanceolate, stem-clasping, obtuse, full of black dots ; panicle corymbose ; sepals lanceolate, fringed, with glandular teeth. 1/ . U. Native of Galacz in Moldavia. I'lowers lemon-coloured. Mcrsian St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 1 foot. LSI H. fimbiua'tim (Lam. diet. 4. p. 118.) stem round, pur- plish, simple ; leaves stem-clasping, ovate, with black dots, margins without any pellucid dots ; calyx ovate, acute, fringed ; styles 3-4-5. 1/ . II. Native of the Alps and the Pyrenees. II'. Richer!, Vill. daupli. 3. p. 501. t. 44. far. /3, androscemij'blium (\'\\\. dauph. 3. p. 502. t. 44.) stem more creeping ; leaves more ovate. H. alpinum, Waldst. ct Kit. pi. hung. 3. p. 204. t. 265. I'ar.y, Biirsiri (I). C. fl. fr. suppl. p. G30.) stem taller ; leaves blunter ; bracteas longer ; calyx shorter, less fringed. Var. c, pcnldgi/niim (1). C. prod. 1. p. 552.) stems thicker; leaves blunter ; calyx longer; flowers all pentagynous. Fnn^trf-calvxed St. John's-wort. Fl. Julv, Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 135 II. ;?*"Tiiio'rici'M (Tliunb. prod. 1. p. 138.) stem roimd, buiootji, reddish ; leaves ovate, soniewliat stem-clasping, full of jjcllucid dots, with revolute margins ; ])anicle terminal, dichoto- nious ; calyx very acute; corolla and anthers full of black dots. 1(. (J. Native of the Cape of (iood Hope. Ethiopum St. Jolm's-wort. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 ft. 13(i II. cilia'tim (Lam. diet. 4. p. 170.) stem roimd, rather 2-cdged ; leaves stem-clasping, somewhat cordate, ovate-oblong, <>l)tuse, fidl of pellucid dots, and with black ones on the margins ; calyx rather acute, fringed; anthers with black dots. T|..II. Native of the south of ICurope, particularly in the regions of the Mediterranean. — Bocc. mus. 2. I. 127. — Column, ecphr. p. 77. t. 78. f. 1. yar. ft, acutifblium (I). C. prod. 1. p. 552.) leaves smaller, more acme; flowers on longer pedicels. — Bocc. mus. 2. ji. 117. t. 91,92. Ci7i«/f. 57. t. 9.) stem round, erect ; leaves linear, obtuse, full of ])e!lucid dots, witli plaited margins, disposed in fascicles in the axils; calyx small, obtuse; petals with black glands. 11 . F. Native near Bagdad. ^'«;)iVn^'-fl()wered St. Jolm's-wort. PI. 1 foot. 146 il. i;mpi;tuifoi.H'M (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1452.) stem suf- fruticose, roimd, with subalate braiichlets ; leaves linear, tern, with revolute margins ; calyx small, obtuse ; petals without glands. '^ . F. Native of the south of Europe, particularly in the regions of the Mediterranean. Emprtrum-teaeed St. John's-wort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub i to 1 foot. 147 II. Cuius (Lin. spec. 1107.) stem shrubby, erect, round ; leaves in whorles, linear, with revolute margins ; calyx IIYl'ERICINE/E. III. Hypericum. on linear, Ijhintish. ^ . F. Native of tlie Levant, and in dry places in the south of Europe. A pretty little shrub. Corii-leaved St. John's-«ort. El. May, Sept. Clt. 1610. Shrub |. to 2 foot. 148 11. Lusita'nicum (Poir. suppl. diet. 3. p. 702.) stem vil- lous, roiuid, slender ; leaves small, elliptical, obtuse, hispid ; sepals linear-lanceolate, mucronate ; anthers with black dots ; styles 3, filiform. Tj . F. Native of Portugal. Portugal St. John's-vvort. Shrub ^ to 1 foot. 149 H. ERicoiDEs (Lin. spec. 1104.) stem suftruticose, round, twisted, small ; leaves linear, acute, nuich crowded, dotted, glaucous, small ; sepals acute, hardly glandular. H . E. Native of Spain, Portugal, and the Levant. Cav. icon. 2. p. 20. t. 122. — Pluk. phyt. t. 93. f. 5. Heath-like St. John's- wort. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1821. Sh. ^ to 1 foot. Sect. V. Bra'thys (the Greek name of the savin-tree, which is from fipa'Cw, brazo, to overheat ; in allusion to the habit of the shrubs, which resemble savin-tree or juniper). Chois. prod, p. 58. D. C. prod. 1. p. 553. Calyx of 5 entire equal sepals, usually very like the leaves. Stamens numerous, disposed in bundles. Styles 3-4. Subshrubs, with axillary, solitary flowers, and imbricate, whorled, or crowded leaves, which are usually linear-awl-shaped. * * * Styles 3, 7tith simjile stigmas. 150 H. sTRUTHioL^FOLiuM (Juss. ann. mus. 3. p. 160. t. 16. f. 2.) stem slender, chinky ; branches adpressed; leaves oppo- site, with revolute margins, without dots, those at the top of the branches imbricate ; sepals lanceolate, without dots ; petals lanceolate. Tj . S. Native of Peru. Far. j3, mhiimum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 553.) stature smaller. Var. y, striatum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 553.) branches longer, straight. H. strictum, H. B. et Kuntli, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 190. Strulhiola-leaved St. John's- wort. Shrub 1 foot. 151 H. ACERo'suM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 187. t. 457.) branches scabrous, tetragonal ; leaves all imbricate, fe.ithery, thickish ; sepals lanceolate-oblong ; petals unequal- sided, obovate. Ij . S. Native of South America on the Andes about Quito. Feat/iery-\eaved St. John's-wort. Shridj 1 foot. 152 H. AcicuLA^RE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 190.) branches scabrous, straight; leaves needle-shaped, spread- ing ; flowers monogynous, middle-sized ; sepals lanceolate ; petals pointed, fj . S. Native of South America near Loxa. Needle-\ea.ved St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot. 153 H. laricieo'lium (Juss. ann. mus. 3. p. 160. t. 16. f. 1.) stem round, scabrous, with spreading branches ; leaves lanceo- late, tapering to both ends, crowded ; sepals lanceolate, without dots ; petals lanceolate ; styles very long ; stigmas thick. Tj . S. Native of Peru. Larch-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot. 154 H. THUYOiDEs (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 187. t. 456.) branchlets scabrous, tetragonal, spreading; leaves decussately-opposite, ovate, acutish ; flowers solitary ; sepals elliptical-oblong ; petals obovate ; stigmas obtuse. Jj . S. Na- tive of South America on the Andes about Quindiu. Thuja-like St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot. 155 H. Caraccasanum (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1458.) branches tetragonal, winged ; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, approximate, somewhat imbricate ; flowers terminal and lateral ; stigmas thick, truncate. T; . S. Native of South America, near Caraccas. Caraccas St. John's-wort. .Shrub 1 foot. 15G Mexica NUM (Lin. amren. 8. p. 322. t. 8. f. 2.) branches somewhat tetragonal, ringed ; leaves imbricate, ovate-oblong, obtuse, fan-nerved, smooth, viscid, dotted beneath ; flowers soli- tary, terminal ; stigmas depressed, capitate. ^2 • S. Native of South America at Santa Fe de Bogota. II. Mutisianum, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 188. Mexican St. John's-wort. Shrub 3 feet. 157 II. revoll'tum (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 66.) branches wrinkled, somewhat tetragonal at the base, but 2-edged at the apex ; leaves linear-lanceolate, approximate, revolute at the base ; styles joined together. Tj . F. Native of Arabia Felix on the moun- tains. H. sciibrmu ? Lin. ama-n. 4. p. 287. II. Kahnianiun, Forsk. /ifi'o/«partcd. Petals 5, linear-oblong. Capsule oblong, acute, coloured, 1 -celled, 3- valved, with the margins of the valves bearing the seeds. — A small plant, with the inflorescence of Hyjyerk-um, much branched ; branches erect and trichotomous. Leaves scarcely visible, linear. Flowers solitary, axillary, and terminal, sessile. 1 S. iivpericoi'des (Nutt. gen. 1. p. 204'.) 1/. H. Native of North America. Hypericum Sarothra, Miclix et Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 378. Sarothra gentianoides, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1515. .?<. Jo/i«V;iw/-/iAT Sarothra. Fl.July. Clt. PI. i foot. Cult. This plant will grow in any kind of soil, and is easily increased by cuttings or seeds. VI. LANCRE'TIA (probably from the name of some bota- nist). Del. fl. aeg. p. 69. t. 25. D. C. prod. 1. p. 555. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 or 5 ecpial sepals. Petals 4-5. Stamens 10, unconnected, the 5 shortest of these are opposite the petals. Styles 4-5. — A shrub, with oblong, sessile, toothed or crenate leaves, and terminal flowers. 1 L. suFFRUTicosA (Del. 1. c.) Tj . F. Native of Upper Egypt and Nubia. Ascyroides Africina chamaedryos folio, Lipp. mss. in Bibl. Juss. ex Delile. Leaves small, in fascicles, hoary-hispid. Flowers aggregate, white. Suffrutkosc Lancretia. Shrub prostrate. Cult. This pretty little shrub will re(|uire to be protected during winter by a frame. A mixture of loam and peat will suit it well, and young cuttings planted in sand, with a hand- glass placed over them, will strike root freely. VII. A'SCYRUM (from o priv. and oKvpoc, skyros, hard ; that is to say, a jilant which is soft to the touch). Lin. gen. 903. Juss. gen. p. 254. Chois. prod. hyp. GO. D. C. prod. 1. p. 555. — Hyperieoides, Adans. fani. 2. p. 443. LiN. SYST. Pulydndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 sepals, the 2 outer ones smallest. Petals 4. Stamens numerous, with the iilaments disposed in 4 bundles. Styles 1-3. — Sub-slirubs, with sessile, entire leaves, destitute of pellucid dots, but usually furnished with black dots beneath. Flowers few, terminal and axillary, vellow. Plants resembling Ilypurkum. 1 A. I'UMiLUM (Miclix. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 77.) stem small, simple, quadrangular ; leaves oval, obtuse, in fascicles ; pedicels G lines long, rcHexcd ; flowers with 1 or 2 styles. 1/ . F. Na- tive of North America, particularly in the pine barrens of Geor- gia. Flowers small. /)H«r/ Ascyrum. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1806. PI. ^ foot. 2 A. PALCiFLoRiM (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 15.) |)lanl decum- bent, dirtuse, with numerous slender stems ; leaves approximate, linear-oblong, obtuse ; flowers tew ; pedicels reflexed, each fur- nished with 2 bracteas at their base ; style 1. % I V. Native of North America in the woods of Georgia. i\ it-Jloncrcd \RC\r\\m. Fl. June, .Aug. PI. decumbent. 3 A. Cku'x-A'ndrk.f. (Lin. spec. 1107.) stem suftruticose, round ; branches erect ; leaves ovate-linear, obtuse, usually in bundles in the axils ; corymbs terminal ; flowers nearly sessile ; each pedicel furnished with 2 bracteas ; two inner sepals rather orbicular; styles 1-2. h. F. Native of North America in sandy fields and woods, from New Jersey to Carolina ; and of Jamaica. Hypericum frutesccns huniifusa, Plum. ed. Burm. 1 HYPERICINE^. VII. Ascyrum. VIIL Cvri-odontos. IX. EixiariiiA. X. Elif.a. XI. Cratoxylum. G13 .liner, p. 116. t- 152. Chois. prod. hyp. p. CI. Petals narrow, pale-yellow. Flowers in terminal corymbs. St. /I ndrem's-cross Ascyrum. Fl. July. Clt. 175y. Shrub 1 foot. 1 A. multicau'le (Michx. fl. bor. amcr. 2. p. 77.) stem suf- tVuticose ; leaves crowded, oblong-lineav, obtuse ; peduncles bi- bracteate, lateral, and terminal. Ij . F. Native of Virginia and Carolina in sandy fields and woods. A. hyporicoides. Ait. hort. kew. A. Criix-A'ndrea; var. /), angustifoliuni, D. C. prod. 1. p. 555. Styles 1-2, conniving. Many-stemmed Ascyrum. Fl. July. Shrub 1 foot. 5 A. HYPERicofDES (Lin. spec. 1108.) stem suffruticose, round ; branches 2-edged ; leaves oblong-linear, obtuse, each furnished with 2 glands at the base ; two inner sepals somewhat orbicular; styles 3. 'j ■ F. Native of North America in over- rtowed open places, from New Jersey to Carolina ; and of Ja- maica. Flowers terminal, solitary, on short pedicels, larger than those oi A. Crux-A'ndrecp. St. John's-wort-l'ike Ascyrum. Shrub 2 feet. 6 A. STACKS (Michx. fl. bor. anier. 2. p. 77.) stem shrubby, erect, winged ; branches straight ; leaves ovate-elliptical, obtuse, glaucous ; peduncles axillary, usually 0-flowcred ; two inner sepals cordate-orbicular ; stamens connected at the base ; styles 2. V^.Y. Native of Carolina. Vent. malm. p. 90. Hyperi- cum floridanum, Pluk. t. 412. f. 5. 1 Hypericum tetrapetalum, Lam. diet. 4. p. 133. ex Chois. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 555. Standing Ascyrum. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1806. Shrub 2 ft. 7 A. amplexicau'le (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 77.) stem dichotomously panicled ; leaves stem-clasping, ovate, cordate, sinuately-curled ; corymbs naked ; styles 3. tj . F. Native of North America in low grounds and woods, from Virginia to Florida. Hypericum stans var. /3, Chois. prod. p. 61. The flowers and leaves are longer in this than in any other of the species. 5/e?H-e/a«7«Hg--leaved Ascyrum. Fl.Jid.Aug. Clt. 1806. Sh.2ft. Cult. A genus of elegant little herbs and shrubs. They re- quire to be protected during winter by a frame ; for this pur- pose they should be grown in pots, as they never exist long in the open border. A mixture of one-half peat, and the other sand, will suit them well ; and young cuttings of the shrubby kinds will root in sand under a hand or bell-glass. The herba- ceous kinds may be increased by parting the roots in spring. All may be raised from seeds. Tribe III. EUCRYPHIE'A (Cambess. in ann. scien. par. vol. 20. p. 402. Aug. 1830). Styles 3-12 (f. 103. j.). Seeds flat (f. 103. /.), winged. VIII. CARPODO'NTOS (from KapiroQ, carpos, a fruit, and ocovc ocoi'Tog, odous odontos, a tooth ; cells or carpels bidentate at the apex). Lab. nov. holi. 2. p. 122. Chois. prod. p. 61. D. C. prod. 1. p. 556. Lin. syst. Polyandria, Polygijnia. Styles 5-8. Se- pals and petals 4. Stamens numerous, free. Carpels 5-8, woody, 1 -celled, opening on the inside, with filiform placentas. Ovary villous. — A tree with stalked, opposite leaves. Flowers white, axillary, solitary. Peduncles each with two scales at their base. 1 C. Lu ciDA (Lab. voy. rech. Lapeyr. 2. p. 16. t. 18.) fj . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Flowers white. ^Am/nCT-leaved Carpodontos. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet. Cidt. This tree will thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and young cuttings will root if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them. FIG. 103. IX. EUCRY'PHIA (from £u, cu, well, and KfivpiUjCryphia, a cover ; in allusion to the flower being covered by a calyptra before expansion) (f. 103. o.). Cav. icon. 4. p. 49. t. 372. Chois. prod. hyp. p. 62. D. C. prod. 1. p. 556. LiN. SYST. Polyandria, Pulygynia. Calyx of 5 sepals, connected at the base (f. 103. a.). Styles usually 12 (f. 103. 7.). Petals 5 (f. 103. c). Stamens numerous, somewhat connected at the base. Anthers didymous (f. 103. h.). Capsules ovate (f. 103. i.), with boat-shaped cells, lianging from funicles (f. 103. c). — A tree with opposite leaves, and axillary, solitary flowers. Carpels many, many-seeded (f. 103. /.), fixed to the central axils (f. 103. c). 1 E. cordh'6eia (Cav. 1. c.) T^ . S. Native of South America near San Carlos de Chiloe. A beautifid tree, with cordate-oblong, crenated, downy leaves, and white, stalked flowers. Melllnia, Molin. (f 103). Cordate-leaved Eucryphia. Tree 40 feet. Cult. This fine tree will grow well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and young cuttings will root if planted in a pot of sand with a hand-glass placed over them, in a moderate heat. X. ELIE'A (in honour of M. Elie de Beaumont, whose works have thrown so much light on the geological revolutions of our globe). Cambess. in Ann. scien. nat. par. Aug. 1830. vol. 20. p. 400. t. 13. Cussonia, Coram, mss. but not of D. C. Lanigerostema, Chapel, mss. Hypericum, Spec. Lam. and Chois. Lin. syst. Polyadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx permanent, 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens numerous, disposed in 3 bundles. Anthers fixed by their middle, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise. Styles 3, crowned by capitate stigmas. Capsule surrounded by the permanent calyx, petals, and stamens, 3-celled ; cells divided by incomplete dorsal dissepiments, 3-valved ; valves bent in so much at the margins as to constitute perfect dissepiments. Seeds 2 in each cell, each separated by the incomplete intervalvular dis- sepiment, flat, winged, fixed above the base of the central, fili- form, trigonal receptacle. Embryo flat, near the hylum of the seed. — A shrub, with cruciately-opposite, jointed branches and leaves. Flowers cymose, yellow. 1 E. articula'ta (Cambess. 1. c. p. 401. t. 13.) Tj . S. Na- tive of Madagascar. Hypericum articulatum. Lam. diet. 4. p. 569. Chois in D. C. prod. 1. p. 546. Leaves oldong-obovate, with entire, revolute margins, coriaceous, full of pellucid and black dots, feather-nerved. Cymes of flowers axillary and ter- minal ; pedicels tetragonal. Segments of calyx ovate, obtuse, marked with black lines. Petals imbricate in the bud, 3 times longer than the calyx. Filaments woolly, une(pial. Jointed-iiemmeiX Eliea. Shrub 4 to io feet? Cult. This shrub will grow freely in a mixture of loam and peat, and cuttings will root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. XI. CR.'\TO'XYLUM (from KparoQ, crates, strength, and ^vXoi; xylon, wood ; wood strong and hard). Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 667. Lin. syst. Polyadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx profoundly 5- 611 HYPERICINE^E. XI. Cratoxylum. Xll. IIauonga. CiUTTIFER/E. parted, permanent. Petals 5. Stamens numerous, collected into ,'3 bundles at the base. Styles and stigmas 3. Capsule rather membranous. S-celled, 3-valved, w itii a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds numerous, compressed, ending above in a leafy wing. Embryo straight, c.xalbuminous, with an inferior radicle. 1 C. HoRNsciiu'ciiii (Blum. 1. c.) T; . S. Native of Java. A tall tree, with opposite, oblong-lanceolate leaves, which stand on short petioles, and terminal panicles of yellow ? flowers. Ilornscliiicli's Cratoxylum. Tree 40 feet. Cull. Loam and ])eat will be a good mixture for this tree, and yoimg cuttings will readily root if planted in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XII. H.VRO'NGA (Ronga is the name of //. Mada<^asca- riinsis in Mad;igascar). Pet. 'i'h. gen. nov. niadag. no. 49. Chois. prod. liyj). 3.'3. D. C. prod. 1. ]>. 541. Hnroiigana, Lam. ill. t. C15. — Arongana, Pers. ench. 'i. \>. I'l. Ilaniocarpus, Noronh. Spreng. Lin. syst. I'olyadilph'm, PohjAiidria. Berry drujiaceous, 2- .'}-5-celled. Styles and stigmas 5. Stamens 15, connected in 5 equal bundles at the base ; these bundles alternate witii the scales on the ovary. Sepals and petals 5. — .Shrubs with branching stems, and the flowers are disposed in branching, many or few- flowered panicles, which are yellow. § 1 . Leaves entire. 1 H. Madaoascarie'nsis (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 34.) stem round ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, large, on long stalks ; corymbs terminal, very large, and very branchy. tj . S. Native of Madagascar and Bourlion. ArongiVria panicul^ta, Pers. ench. 2. p. 91. Ha;mocarpus p.Tniculata, Spreng. I'ar. ft, pubC-sccns (D. C. prod. 1. p. 542.) leaves smaller and more pubescent. 1^ . S. H. pubescens, Poir. encycl. 4. p. 721. Mai'agnscar Ilaronga. CIt. 1822. Shrub 10 feet. 2 H. lanckola'ta (Chois. mss.) stem angular ; leaves ovate- lanceolate, 1-2 inches long, very smooth, on short petioles; corymb terminal, few-flowered. 1^ . S. Native of Madagascar. Ha>niocarpus corymbosa, Spreng. /.rtHCfo/fl^c-lcaved Haronga. Shrub 8 feet. 3 H. kevolu'ta (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 542.) leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, with revohite margins, very large, with brownish nerves ; corymbs straight, few-flowered. ^ . S. Na- tive of Madagascar. Ihemocarpus, Spreng. /{cto/H?c-leaved Ilaronga. Slirub 4 feet. § 2. Leaves crcnalc. 4 H. moli.u'sca (Pers. ench. 2. p. 91.) leaves lanceolate, acu- minated, obsolctely crenated ; peduncles axillary, 3-4-flowered. t; . S. Native of Madagascar. — Pluk. aim. t. 211. f. 5. Molluscous Maronga. Shrub 4 feet. 5 11. crena'ta (Pers. ench. 2. p. 91.) leaves ovate, blunt, large, broadly crenated; peduncles axillary, many-flowered. ': . S. Native of .Madagascar.— Pluk. aim. t. 242. f. 1. fVc(m?f(/-leaved ilaronga. Shrub 12 feet. G II. axilla'kis ; leaves oblong, tapering to both ends, smooth, and opaque above, discoloured bcneatli ; peduncles axil- lary, aggregate, Nhorter than the leaves. 1; . S. Native of Ma- dagascar. IlaroMg.i, DO. 19. NVilld. herb. y^j-i//ari/-flowered Ilaronga. Shrul). Cult. These shrubs will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. OuDEiiXLI. GUTTI'FERiE (from guUa, a drop, and /rro. to bear ; the trees when broke yield a quantity of yellow gluten). Juss. gen. p. 243. D. C. prod. 1. p. 557. Calyx of 2-4-sepals, rarely many-sepalled or 5 (f. 104. a.) -6- parted. Sepals imbricate, usually cruciately disposed, outer ones shortest. Petals hypogynous, 4 (f 104. b.) -C, rarely 8-10, usually yellow, free, alternate with or opposite the caly- cine leaflets. Stamens indefinite (f. 104. c), rarely deflnitc, hy- pogynous ; filaments sometiincs free, sometimes connected at the base, or in bundles (f. 104. c). Anthers adnate, 2-celled, rarely 1 -celled (as in JJavitia), bursting by longitudinal chinks, rarely by pores at the apex. Receptacle fleshy, rarely drawn out into a 5-lobed disk, as in Chnjsbp'ia. Style simple or nearly wanting, rarely with the stigmas distinct, subsessile (f. 104. c.). Ovary 2-8-celled, rarely 1 -celled, as in Calojj/ii/llum ; cells con- taining 1 or many ovulte. Ovulae fixed to the inner angle or base of the cells. Fruit sometimes capsular and dehiscent, sometimes fleshy (f. 104./'.) and indehiscent or drupaceous, 2 or many-celled, rarely 1-celled. Seeds wingless, usually arillate. Seed covering thin and papery. Albumen wanting. Embryo straight, with a small radicle, and large, coadunate, thick, entire cotyledons. The Gnttiferce contains trees natives of the hottest parts of the world, and well known by their thick, entire, opposite leaves, and resinous juice. In the countries where they grow they are of great importance. The Magoslana bears a fru't, the equal of which is stipposed not to exist. The gamboge is the inspissated juice of Gnrcinia Cambog'm and G. ]\Iorelln ; the juice of others is foimd an efficacious vermifuge, and also a remedy for the chiggers, one of the worst pests of equinoxial America. The flowers of all being shewy, and the properties interesting, every species deserves cultivation. The seeds do not retain their vegetative power for any length of time, therefore the surest way to obtain plants from the places of their natural growth, is to sow the seeds in tubs or boxes of earth, and when the plants have obtained strength, they may be brought to Europe, but there shoidd be care taken in their passage to screen them from the spray of the sea, also not to give them too much water. Gull'ifcrce is so nearly allied to the Terns! rormiacea- that it is diflicult to distinguish the one from the other ; in the Tcrit- slrnmiacc