(EI|p 3.% ifiUHtbrarg Nortlj daraltna §tatp (Uollpgp QK9T '^-' t QK9 fDc V.2 c — 1 105387 This book must not be taken from the Library building. 2BM— 048— Form 2 GENERAL HISTORY DICHLAMYDEOUS PLANTS, COMPRISING COMPLETE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT ORDERS; TOGETHER WITH THE CHARACTERS OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES, AND AN ENUMERATION OF THE CULTIVATED VARIETIES: THEIR PLACES OF GROWTH, TIME OF FLOWERING, MODE OF CULTURE, AND USES IN MEDICINE AND DOMESTIC ECONOMY; THE SCIENTIFIC NAMES ACCENTUATED, THEIR ETYMOLOGIES EXPLAINED, AND THE CLASSES AND ORDERS ILLUSTRATED BY ENGRAVINGS, AND PRECEDED BY INTRODUCTIONS TO THE LINN^AN AND NATURAL SYSTEMS, AND A GLOSSARY OF THE TERMS T'SED: THE WHOLE ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE NATURAL SYSTEM. BY GEORGE DON, F.L.S. in four volumes. Vol. IL— CALYCIFLOR^. LONDON: PRINTED FOR J. G. AND F. RIVINGTON ; J. AND \V. T. CLARKE; LONGMAN AND CO.; T. CADELL: J. RICHARDSON; JEFFERY . AND SON; BALDWIN AND CRADOCK ; J. BOOKER; J. BOOTH; HARVEY AND DARTON ; S. BAGSTER ; SHERWOOD AND CO.; HARDING AND LEPARD ; J. F. SETCHEL ; WHITTAKER AND CO.; SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL; AND E. HODGSON. MDCCC.XXXII. LONDON : jlLBDKT & KIVINOTON, rUIN ST. John's square. INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME, COMPRISING THE SYSTEMATIC AND ENGLISH GENERIC NAMES, AND THE ENGLISH AND SYSTEMATIC SYNONYMES. •»• In this Index the systematic names used, and the English names in common use, are in Roman titters; the synonymes in / Kieseria, 219 Kino, .37(; Kino, Kast Indian, 373 Kiljap, 357 Knapperts, 340 Knot, or Knout-bcrries, 539 Krameria, 381 Krauiihia, 348 Krokcria, 195 Knii'geria, 457 Kuhnish-r,,. 223 Kuhnia, 223 Labichea, 433 Lablab, 300, 301 Labradin, 3G3 Laburnum, 154 Laburnum, Scolcli, 154 Lacara, 4C7 Lachnopodium, 7G4 Lady's Manllc, 590, 591 Lafoensia, 724 Lagertreemia, 733, 734 Lagertrcpmia, 733 Lagertikemie.k, 733 Lagonychiuni, 401 Laguncularia, GG2 Lamarchea, 817 Lnrrca, 434 Lasiandra, 750 752 Lathyrus, 331-337, -175 Latlnints, 215. 231. 240. 32C. 337. 339. Laurel, Common, 51G Laurel, Portugal, 51 G Laurembergia, 701 Lavoisiera, 733-735 L.\VOISIERE.T,, 732 Lawsonia, 722 La-rinanniu, 528 Leandra, 766, 767 Lebeckia, 142, 143 Lebeclcia, 209. 220 LECYTHIDE.E, 872 Lecythis, 872-8/4 Lecythopsis, 875 Legnoiis, G74, 075 LEGUMlNOSyE, 91 Lens, 325 Lentil, 325-327 Lepta, 14 Leptosperme.'E, 813 Leptospermum, 825-827 Leptospennum, 808. 824. 827, 828 Lespcdeza, 307, 308 Lespedeza, 133. 287. 309 Lepionurus, 10 Lessertia, 240 Leucoslomon, 481 Leucadcnclroii, 131 Leucosia, 59 Leucoxylon, 21 Libidibi, 432 Lincania, 479 Lignum-aloes, GG Linconia, 49 Linrtleya, 523 Lindieya, 54 Liparia, 131 Liparitt, 132 lAquirilia, 226 Litjuorice, 220, 227 Liquorice, Wild, 342 Lithi-tree, 75 Litri, 75 Lobus, 303 Locust-tree, African, 397 Locust-tree, American, 2!;7 238 Loddigesia, 142 Log-wood, 434 Lonchocarpus. 23G, 2.37 Lopezia, 098, 099 Loquat, 603 Loreya, 789 LOTE/E, 120 Lotos of the Lotophagi, 44 Lotus, 195-200. 409 Lotm, 132. 157- 104. 106. 174. 194, 195. 199, 200. 213. 215 Lourea, 286 Louse-berry Dog\vood, 4 Love-tree, 463, 404 Lozania, 072 Lowea, 504 Ludwigia, 090 Ludwigia, 694, 695 097, G.OS 702^ Lucern, 107, 168 Liumiitzera, 007 Lunanea, 77 Liindia, 05 Lupine, 365-309. 47G Lupine, Bastard, 192 Lupinus, 305-309. 47G Ltipinus, 201 Lyceum, 33 LYTHRARIE.E, 700 Lijdaa, 522 Lythrum, 711,712 Lythrum, 708. 709, 710. 713- 718. 721. 723 M. Macairea, 738 Macluerttwi, 235 Macoucotta, 19 Macranthus, 342 Macroceratides, 364 Macrolobium, 457, 458 Macrotropis, 112 Maiden-plum, 07, 03 Maieta, 775 Maiela, 779 Majo-bitters, 68 Malay-apple, 808 Malbraucia, 89 Maloclmi, 302 Mains, 023. 046, G47 Mammea, 809 Mangifera, 04 Mangifera, 12,05. 79 Mangium, e'li. 71 7. 829 Manna, 310 Manna, Caspian, 310 Manna, Hebrew, 310 Mangles, 073 Mango, 04 Mangrove, 673, B74 Maranliao-nut, 874 Marcetia, 748 Marcstale, 705 .Margyricarpus, 592 Marie-grass, 183 Marignia, 84 Marking-fruit, 03 Marlia, 217 Martiusia, 217 Marumia, 788 Mastick-tree, 66 Mate, 18 Mauria, 76 Maurocfnia, 13 .May, 000 Mavtenus, 10 Max, 350 Meadow-clover, 183 Meadow-sweet, 520, 521 Medicago, 107-173 Medicago, 173, 307 Medick, 168-173 Medinilla, 776-778 Medlars, 605 Megastegia, 408 Meisneria, 741 Melaleuca, 814-817 Melaleuca, 054. 813. 822. 824. 820 Melaleucex, 813 Melanium, 715, 717- 755 Melanorrhcea, 67 Melanosticta, 434 Melanoxylon, 454 Melastoma, 701-764. 802-805 Melastuma, 733. 736, 737. 743, 744. 747. 750-752. 754-755. 759, 700, 701- 805 MELASTOMACE.B, 728 MEL.4ST0ME.I;, 732 Melistaurum, 53 Melilot, 177-179 Melilutus, 177- 179 MelilalKs, 108. 174. 177. 272. 274 Melmlla, 713 MEMECYLE.^, 653 Memecvlon, 654 Menich'ca, 809 Merafm, 052 Meriania, 733 Meriania, 737. 751-752 Mestotes, 58 Mespilus, 004, 605 Mespilus, 598-004. 047-649 Meteorus, 809 Metrocynia, 454 Metrosideros, 823-825 Metrosideros, 815-818. 820. 822-851 Mezoneurum, 433 Miconia, 789-797 MiCONIE.E, 700 Microlicia, 743-745 Milk-vetch, 253-272 Millinglonia, 309 Mimosa, 381-387 Mimosa, 283. 381. 487-493 MiMOSE*, 381 Mirbelia, 125 Mirbclia, 116 Miliaria, 869 .Mock-orange, 807, 808 Moldenhawera, 436 Mollia, 828 Monibin, 79 Momiiera, 221 .Montinia, 676 MONTINIEyE, 070 .Vloquilea, 478 Moringa, 427 Morilandia, 595 .Morton-Bay Chestnut, 435 Mountain-ash, 048 Mountain-ebony, 459-403 Mountain Milk-vetch, 349- 253 Mouricou, 370 Mouriria, 055 Moutoiichia, 370 Moving-plant, 288, 289 Mucuna, 363, 304. 476 Mucuna, 303 Mullera, 2.36 Mullera, 278. 311 Mulli, 77 Munchausia, 724 Myginda, 15 Myrcia, 837-847 Myriadenus, 279 Myriantheia, 57 Myriaspora, 774 Myricaria, 727, 720 Myriophyllum, 703, 704 MyrobalanetF, 655, fiSO Mijrobalanus, 79. 057-059 Myrospermuni, 108 Myrojryton, 108, 109 Myrrh-seed, 109 MYRTACE^, 808 Myrtacere, 808 Myrteic, 808 MYRTE.E, 828 Myrti, 808 Myrtinere, 808 Myrtioidece, 808 Myrtles, 834-837 Myrtle, Common, 831, 835 Myrtus, 834-837 Myrtus, 007. 827. 832, 833. 837-847. 808, 869 N. Nahusia, 078 Najor, 84 Nam, 823 Napimoga, 55 Natrix, 158 Navet de praire, 470 Nectarines, 493, 494 Negretia, 363, 304 Neillia, 57 Nelitris, 829 Nemopanthes, 1.3 Nenax, 595 Nephrosis, 377 Nesaea, 721 Nesaa, 718. 721 Neurada, 504 NEURADE.E, 504 Neurocarpum, 216 New Jersey Tea, 37 New Zealand Tea, 820 Nicolsonia, 287 N'icker-tree, 429 Nisa, 57 Nissolia, 234,235 Nitta-tree, 390, 397 O. Ochrus, 337 Ochthocharis, 779 Odonia, 219 Odonia, 220 Oedmannia, 129 (Enothera, 684-690 Oirwllwra, 084. 095. 099, 700 Oghigce, 79 Ulea, 6 Olibanum, 81, 82 Olinia, 45 Olisbea, 073 Olive-bark-tree, 657 Olive-wood, 12 Olynthia, 857 Omphalobium, 90 Omphalobiion, 455 Onagra, 080 ONAGRARI.E, 075 ONAGR.E, 075 Onagre^, 079 Onobrychis, 302-300. 475 Onobrychis, 307. 309 Ononis, 158-104. 468, 409 Ononis, 194. 202. 310 Onosuris, 700 Opa, 850 Ophispermum, GO Opobalsamuni, 81 Ordeal-tree, 424 Ormocarpum, 278 Ormosia, 111 Ornithopus, 270 Ornithopus, 270. 279 Ornithopodium, 270.311 Orobus, 337-341. 475, 470 Orobus, 240. 341 Orucaria, 377 Osbeckia, 058-660 Osbeckia, 730. 738. 752. 755. 703, 764. 767. 773 OSBECKIE.E, 750 Ossaea, 779, 780 Osteomelis, 005 Otaheite-apple, 79 Otanthera, 704 Otoptera, 220 Oustropis, 215 Outea, 457 Ox-eye-bean, 363 Oxylobium, 116,117 Oxymeris, 797 Oaypo^on, 316,333 Oxyspora, 747 Oxytropis, 249-25,3. 471, 472 Oxytropis, 253-255. 257-259. 268. 272 P. Pachycentria, 778 Pachylobus, 89 Pachylonia, 747 Pachyrhizus, 301 Paletnviera, 074 Paliurus, 23 Palovea, 404 Pallor ia, 18 Pamea, G59 Panciatica, 435 Pancoria, 454 Panzera, 45? PapilionacejE, 108 Para-nut, 874 Paraguay-tea, 18 Parkia, 390 Parinarium, 478 Parivoa, 457 Parivoa, 465 Parkinsonia, 434 Parochetus, 361,362 Parosella, 224 Parsonsia, 715 Patagonium, 281 Patrinia, 110 Pautetia, 460, 461 Pea, Heath, 340 Pea, Sweet, 336 Pea, Tangier, 330 Pea, Wood, 340 Peaches, 483-493 Pears, 005-023 INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. TU Peas, 327-331 Pckea, 874 Pelechiiis, 273 Peltaria, 377 Pemphis, 117 PentuteUa, 705 Pt'titaglossum, 711 Pentaptera, GOO Peillapleris, 7();t Penttipterophiillum, 703 Peplis, 708 Peplh, 708, 709 Perado, 17 Peraltea, 424, 425 Perrottetia, 14 Persica, 483-494 Peruvian Mastich-tree, 77 Pftagnann, 28G Petahma, C55 Petalotoma, 870, 871 Petalostemum, 222. 470 Petty Whin, 151 Petrocarya, 478 Phmierd, 4G2 Phaca, 247, 248. 470, 471 Pliaca, 242. 245. 249, 250- 252. 268 Ph.\seole.e, 341 Pliantiacum, 802 Phasellus, 356 Phaseolus, 349-35G Phaseolns, 347 PHILADELPHE^, 806 Philadelphus, 807, 808 Philadelphus, 808. 825, 826 Photinia, G02 Phylica, 40 Phylica, 40. 42, 43. 48 Phyllagathis, 789 Phyllodium, 298 PHVLLOLOB.F., 108 Phyllolobium, 466 Phyllonoma, 14 Phyllopus, 787 Physocalymna, 721 Physopodium, 724 Picramnia, 68 Pictetia, 298 Pigeon-pea, 3C5 Pileanthus, 812, 813 Pimela, 85 Pimenta, 866 Pimpinella, 595 Pinastella, 705 Pineda, 56 Piptanthus, 112 Pirigara, 869, 870 Piscidia, 242 Piscidia, 242 Piscipula, 242 Pisaura, 698 Pistachia-nnt, 65 Pistacia, 65, G6 Pisum, 327-331 Pisum, 333. 337 Pitcher-plant, New Holland, 592 Pitumha, 53 Plagiolobium, 127 Planariiun, 279 Platychilum, 127 Platystylis, 341 Platylobium, 127 Platylobium, 116. 128 Plectronia, 10 Pleroma, 764, 765 Pleroma, 752 Pleurandra, 699 Pleurostcmon, 699 Plinia, 851 Plums, 498-504 Pocockia, 176 Podalyria, 114 Poda/yria, 111-114. 165. 467 Podolubium, 116 Pogonanthera, 778 Poinciana, 432 Pohicifnia, 431, 432 Pohirid, 4.32 Poiretia, 279 Poirelia, 126. 278, 279 Poison-oak, 72 Poison-sumach, 71, 72 Poison-tree, 72 Poison-wood, 71 Poitaea, 239 Poivripa, iiiib, ^QQ Polycardia, 1 1 Polydontia, 516 Polygala, 213 Polylepis, .592 POMACES, 597 Pomaderris, 38, 39 Pomegranate, 653 Pomereitia, 797 Poniaria, 434 Pomme de Prairie, 203 Pompadoura. 652 Ponganiia, 374. 476 Pontopiddana, 874 Portensclilagia, 12 Portugal-broom, 154 Portula, 708 Possini, 379, 380 Potamogeton, 703, 704 Potentilla, 549-561 Poleiitilla, 561, 562 Poterium, 594, 595 Poterium, 593 Poupart-wood, 79 Poupartia, 79 Prick-timber, 4 Prick-wood, 3 Priestleya, 131, 132 Prieurea, 696 Prinos, 20, 21 Pr/Hos, 13 Proboscidia, 736 Proserpinaca, 702 Prosopis, 399-401 Protium, 83 Prunes, Brignole, 500, 501 Prunes, German, 503 Prunophora, 498 Prunus, 498-504 Primus, 493-498. 504 516 Pseudo-acacia, 237 Psidiuni, 830-853 Psidium, 829. 835. 847 Psophocarpus, 362 Psoralea, 201-204. 469 Psoralen, 143. 201. 212. 222, 223 Ptelea, 226. 279. 341 i'(.-/fa, 12 Ptelidium, 12 Pterocarpus, 376, 377 Pterocarpus, 237. 377-379 Pteroloma, 288 Plilopliyllum, 704 Pudding-pipe-tree, 453 Pueraria, 220 Pultenaa, 122-124 Pitltencea, 115, 116, 117- 120. 126 Pimica, 653 Purging-cassia, 452-454 Purple-loosestrife, 711, 712 Purshia, 517 Purshia, 704 Pyracantha, 598 Pyrastcr, 605 Pyrus, C05 650 Piirus. 600. 602. 004, 605. 650 Pyrenaria, 051 Pyrophorum, 605 Pythagorea, 711 Q. Qualea, 671 Qimlea, 669. 672 Qiiclusiii, 678 QUILL.\JE/E, 522 Cluillaja, 522 Quinquino, 109 Quinces, 650 Quisqualis, 667 R. Racoubea, 55 Rafnia, 129, 130 Ramatuella, 661 Rantry, 648 Raphiolepis, 601, 602 Raspalia, 48 Raspberries, 531,532 Rectembri.c381 Red-bud, 463, 464 Red-lac Sumach, 70 Red-gum-tree, 818 Red-root, 37 Reichardia, 433 Reineria, 231 Relhmlia, 13 Requeinia, 164 Rest-harrow, 158-164 Retinaria, 44 Rhacoma, 1 5 RhamnEjE, 21 Rhamnus, 29-33 Rhamnus, 12, 23-29. 36. 73 Rhaptostylum, 21 Rhexia, 746. 802. 805 Rhexia, 717. 732-761. 765. 708. 778-779. 794 RHEXIE.E, 741 Rbinanthera, 57 Rhinocarpus, 03 Rhizophora, 673, 674 Rhhopliora, 829 RHIZOPHORE^E, 672 Rhoddon Roddon-tree, 648 Rhus, 69-76 Rlius, 68 Rhynchanthera, 736, 737 Rhynchosia, 344-347 Rliynchosia, 347, 348 Rice-paper, 283 Riciiisia, 675 Rittera, 379 Riveria, 467 Roan-tree, 648 Robergia, 890 Robinia, 237-239 Robiiiia, 111, 112. 228, 229. 236, 237. 239. 242, 243, 244. 298. 374. 380. 426. 467. Rnhria, 59 Roebuck-berries, 539 Rosa, 584-589 Rosa-macho, 427 ROSACEjE, 523 Rose-acacia, 238 Rose-apple, 867, 868 Rose, Cabbage, 571, 572 Rose, China, 582 Rose, Damask, 571 Rose, Dog, 579-581 Rose, French, 572. 573 Rose, Indian, 582 Rose, Macartney's, 565 Rose, Monthly, 582 Rose, Moss, 572 Rose, Noisette, 581 Rose, Officinal, 572, 573 Rose, Pompone, 572 Rose, Scotch, 508, 569 RosE.E, 564 Roses, 564-589 Rose-wood, Brazilian, 721 Rotala, 707 Rothia, :«2 Rotmannia, 457 Rough-skinned or Grey-plum, Sierra Leone, 479 Rourea, 89, 90 Rousseauxia, 760 Rubentia, 12 Rubus, 529-541 Rubus, 517- 529. 541 Rudbechia, 661 Rudolphia, 373 Rumphia, 77 Rutaia, 201 S. Sabia, 69 Sabinea, 239 Safu, 89 Sagra:a, 780, 781 Saint-foin, .302. 306 Salaberria, 91 Salai, 80, 81 Sala , 81 Salicaria, 711.712 Salicauie.e, 706, 707 SalicariuetE, 706 Salmonia, 669 Salpinga, 740 Salt-tree, 244 Saltzwedelia, 153 Salvertia, 670 Samyda, 50 Sannjdu, 51-54 SAMYDE^, 49 Samstravadi, 869 Sand-wood, 311 Sanguisorba, 593, 594 SANGUISORBEA;, 589 Saittahim, 377 Sappan, 430 ' Saraca, 436 Sarcodum, 466 Sarcolob.^;, 311 Sarcomphalus, 34 Sarcophyllum, 143 Sarcopyramis, 761 Saunders-wood, 377 Savastenia, 761 Saria, 343 Scarlet-bean, 350 Scarlet-sumach, 70 Scarlet-runner, 350 SchajfFeria, 45 Schinus, 76 Schimis, 76 Schnella, 459 Scholia, 454, 455 Schousbcea, 606 Schoiisboa, 662 Schrankia, 397 Schrebera, 12, 13 Schweiggeria, 672 Sclerothamnus, 121 Scorpian-senna, 274 Scorpius, 273 Srorphndcs, 27 " Scorpiurus, 273, 274 Scorpiitnts, 276 Scottca, 129 Scutia, ,33 Scutula, 655 Scbipira, 468 Securidaai, 277 Securigera, 277 Sccurlllu, 277 Segeretia, 28 Semecarpus, 63 Senacia, 11,12 Scimica, 7 Senna, 438, 439 Senna, Alexaiulrian, 433 Serma, Italian, 438 Sensitive-plant, 382 Serhgia, 12 Serpicula, 701 Service-tree, (;48, 649 Sesban, 240. 241 Sesbania, 240, 241 Sesbwa»/ Spindle-tree. Clt. 1825. Shrub 2 feet. Asiatic. 5 E. Hamiltonia'nus (Wall, in fl. ind. 2. p. 403.) branches smooth, terete ; leaves lanceolate, finely serrated ; peduncles dichotomous, 6-flowered ; flowers tetrandrous ; petals 4, lan- ceolate, cordate ; ovary 4-lobed, 4-celled, each cell contain- ing 2 ova. I; . H. Native of Nipaul. E. atropurptlrea. Wall, in fl. ind. 2. p. 402. Trunk erect ; branchlets spreading. Petals with revolute edges, white. Anthers brown. Hamilton s Spindle-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1825. Sh. 5 to 20 feet. 6 E. gla'brus (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 403.) arboreous; leaves oblong, smooth, with the anterior margin serrated ; peduncles 2 or 3 times dichotomous, with a single flower in each fork ; flowers pentandrous. Tj . F. Native of Chittagong, in the East Indies, where it flowers in May. Flowers greenish-white. »SV«oo(/i Spindle-tree. Tree 15 feet. 7 E. GARciNiFOLius (Roxb. in fl. ind. 2. p. 403.) branchlets smooth, terete ; leaves lanceolate, entire ; petals oblong, with incurved edges, much longer than the calyx ; peduncles between the leaves, sometimes solitary, 3-flowered ; flowers pentandrous. \ . F. Native of Silhet, in the East Indies, where it is called Mori, and at Suemba in IJpper Nipaul. E. lacerus, Hamilt. in D.Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 191? Flowers small, pale-yellow. Capsule oblong, size of a small field-bean, 1 -celled, 2-valved, opening from the base, containing a solitary, oval seed, covered with a thin, succulent, veined, bright scarlet aril. Garcinia-leaved Spindle-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1820. Tree 12 feet. 8 E. TiNGENS (Wall, in fl. ind. vol. 2. p. 406.) branchlets obscurely tetragonal, smooth ; leaves leathery, ovate-lanceolate, serrulated, wrinkled above ; lobes of calyx permanent ; pedim- cles 2 or 3 times dichotomous, short, flattened, disposed in numerous approximate pairs on the young shoots, with opposite, linear, fringed bracteas at each subdivision ; petals veined, ovate, with short claws ; capsule 5-cornered. ^ . F. Native of the East Indies, on the summit of Sheopore, as well as on the Sewalik mountains, and on those of Shreenugur. Its Newar name is Kasoori. Trunk as thick as a man's thigh, spotted with large, ochre-coloured tubercles ; branchlets short, thick. Both the flower and leaf-buds consist of imbricated, lanceolate, fringed scales, and here and there interspersed among the pe- duncles. Flowers large, tetrandrous, or pentandrous, yellowish- green, marked with purplish veins. The yellow bark is em- ployed by the Nipaulese for the purpose of marking the forehead with the idolatrous symbol, commonly called Tika. The wood is white and compact. Capsule about the size of a gooseberry, 4-5-cornered, 5-seeded. Painting Spindle-tree. Fl. April, May. Tree 16 to 20 feet. 9 E. fimbria'tus (Wall, in fl. ind. 2. p. 408.) branches terete, smooth ; leaves ovate, finely acuminated, fringed with long parallel toothed serratures ; flowers tetrandrous, submnbellate, on long filiform pedimcles ; capsules with from 2-5 long, ver- tical tapering wings. T; . F. Native of the East Indies, on the Sewalik mountains, as well as on those of Shreenugur. It is impossible to confound this with any other species, the leaves being distinctly doubly-serrated. Fringed-leaved Spindle-tree. Tree. 10 E. GRo'ssus (W^all. in fl. ind. 2. p. 408.) branches dotted; leaves subopposite, ovate, acute, bluntly and coarsely serrated on longish footstalks ; peduncles twice dichotomous, with long, divaricating divisions, supported by a pair of lanceolate, acute bracteas; petals oblong. Ij. F. Native of Nipaid, on the northward of Sheopore, flowering in June. Leaves shining, rounded at the base, elegantly reticulated beneath. C'of/rife-serrated Spindle-tree. Clt. 1824. Tree 12 feet. 11 E. I'ndicus (Heyne, herb. Wall, in fl. ind. 2. p. 409.) branches terete, smooth ; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, quite entire ; peduncles 1-3-flowered ; petals oval, fringed ; flowers pentandrous ; capsule clavate, furnished with 5 short projecting wings. I; . F. Native of the East Indies. Branchlets slender, slightly quadrangular. Leaves acute at the base. Indian Spindle-tree. Shrub 8 feet. 12 E. dicho'tomus (Heyne, herb. Wall, in fl. ind. 2. p. 410.) branchlets slightly quadrangular ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acu- minate at both ends, perfectly entire ; peduncles fascicled, fili- form, one-third shorter than the leaves, 2 or 3 times dichoto- mous at the apex, bearing a number of small pentandrous CELASTRINEiE. III. Euonymus. flowers ; petals oval, fringed ; capsules lengthened, clavate, 5- lobed, retuse. ij . S. Native of the East Indies. Branches smooth, slender, opposite, or dichotomous. /^or/rt'rf-branched Spindle-tree. Shrub. 13 E. micra'nthus (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 191.) leaves elliptical, serrulated, smooth, acuminated, sliining ; peduncles trifid, many-flowered, one-iialf sliorter than the leaves. tj . F. Native of Nipaid. E. frigida. Wall. ? Petals oval. .S';Ho//-/oHTm/ Spindle-tree. Clt. 1820. Shrub 8 feet. 14 E. Lu ciDus (D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 191.) leaves lan- ceolate, acuminated, sharply serrated, shining, acute at the base ; umbels lateral, oi>posite, pedunculate. P; • ^ • Native of Nipaul. Petals ovate or oval ? ^■//('niw^-leaved Spindle-tree. Clt. 1820. Shrub 6 feet. * * Petals orbicular. 15 E. atbopurpu'reus (Jacq. hort. vind. 2. t. 120.) branches smooth ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, serrated, stalked ; peduncles many-flowered, compressed ; petals orbicular ; cap- sules angularly-furrowed, smooth. ^^ . H. Native of North America, from New York to Carolina, on the banks of rivulets, Schmidt, arb. 73. E. Caroliniensis, Marsh, arbr. amer. no. 1. and probably latifolius, Marsh, arb. no. 2. Flowers qiiadrifid. tetrandrous, dark-purple. Fruit red. Z)ar/i-;)«i-jj/e-flowered Spindle-tree. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1756. Shrub G to 10 feet. 16 E. America'nus (Lin. spec. 286.) branches smooth, quad- rangular ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acute, serrated, almost ses- sile ; peduncles 1-3-flowered ; flowers pentandrous ; petals nearly orbicular ; capsules warted and echinated. ^ . H. Na- tive of North America from New England to Carolina, in hedges and shady woods, among rocks, and on the edges of S'wanips. Duham. arb. ed. nov. 3. t. 9. — Pluk. aim. t. 115. f. 5. Schmidt. arb. t. 75. Flowers yellow, tinged with red. Fruit scarlet, resembling those of y/'?-6i/? . S. Native of the Moluccas. Flowers white ? Three-styled Staff-tree. Shrub. 14 C. verticilia'tus (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 291.) arboreous, smooth; leaves scattered, broad -lanceolate, wavy ; panicle ter- minal, umbelliferous; capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, few-seeded. (j . F. Native of Nipaul, where it is known by the name of Tibiliti. Trunk straight ; the branches and branchlets have a strong tendency to be verticillate, as well as the leaves, which CELAStRINE.E. IV. Celastrus. are drooping. Stigma 2, rarely 3-lobed. Flowers white ? Seeds covered witli a soft scarlet aril. ;r/ior/t(/-branched Staft-tree. Fl. April, July. Clt. ? Tree 20 feet. 15 C. ROBu'sTUs (Ro\b. fl. ind. 2. p. 395.) erect, smooth; leaves lanceolate, entire, glossy ; racemes axillary, length of leaves; capsules 1 -celled, 2-valvcd. T^ . G. Native of Silhet, in the East Indies, wliere it is called Sheclkoil. It grows to be one of their largest timber trees. Uacemes simple, solitary, or in pairs. Flowers numerous, small, greenish-yellow. Disk 5- lobed, girding the base of the ovary. Styles 2, terminated by capitate stigmas. Robust Staft-tree. Fl. Aug. Tree 50 feet. 16 C. oppositrs (Wall, in fl. ind. 2. p. 398.) erect, smooth, with opposite jointed branches, younger ones tetragonal ; leaves opposite, lanceolate, blunt ; peduncles axillary, 3-flowered. Tj . S. Probably a native of the peninsula of India. Flowers small, white ? Style columnar, terminated by a bifid stigma. Oppositc-hranched Staff-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 17 C. biva'lvis (Jack, in mal. misc. 1. no. 2. p. 19.) erect, smooth ; leaves lanceolate, acuminate ; peduncles lateral, few- flowered ; capsules ovate, 2-valved, 1-seeded ; corolla wanting. ^2 . S. Native of the Malay Islands. Peduncles dichotomous, 5-10-flowered. Style terminated by a truncate stigma. Seeds covered with a crimson aril, which is beautifidly veined. Tre'o-ra^tcrf-capsuled Staff"-tree. Shrub. American. 18 C. MACROCARPUS (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. t. 230. f. 16.) erect, smooth ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, with an emarginate acumen ; pedicels axillary, very short, aggregate ; capsules ovate, 2-3-vah'ed. Tj . S. Native of Peru, in woods. Haenkia multiflora, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. syst. p. 65. Seeds with a white pulpy aril. Flowers white. This is probably a species of Pyrularia, according to Nuttal. Large-fruited Staff-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 19 C. du'bius (Sprcng. syst. 1. p. 774.) erect, smooth; leaves elliptical, obtuse ; flowers axillary, somewhat fascicled ; capsules 2-valved. t; . S. Native of the Antilles. Senaica elliptica, Lam. Doubtful Staff'-tree. Shrub 4 feet. 20 C. bulla'tus (Lin. spec. 285.) climbing, smooth ; leaves ovate, acute, stalked, coriaceous ; panicle terminal. P; . ^, G. Native of St. Domingo. — Pluk. aim. t. 28. f. 5. Capsules scarlet, elegantly wrinkled, 3-valved, each containing a hard oval seed, covered with a thin red aril. Flowers white, in loose terminal racemes. This species is said to be a native of Vir- ginia, but notwithstanding the diligent researches of Mr. Pursh at the place of its supposed nativity, he has not been able to find it. He therefore strongly suspects that it is not a native of North America. ^riH^^erf-capsuled Staff-tree. Fl. July. Clt. 1759. Shrub cl. 21 C. Ha'enkei (Spreng. syst. app. p. 88.) branches flexuous ; leaves stalked, oblong-lanceolate, wavy, quite entire ; racemes axillary, much exceeding the leaves ; flowers bracteate. Tj . S. Native of Peru. Haenkea flexuosa, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. t. 231. Corolla monopetalous, pitcher-shaped, and the fruit a drupe. This is a very doubtful species of Celastrus. Haenk's Staff-tree. Shrub. 22 C. ova'tus (Hill in hort. kew. 437. t. 16.) erect, smooth ; leaves ovate, stalked, entire ; flowers axillary, crowded, h . H. Native of the Bahama Islands. Oi-aie-leaved Staff-tree. Shrub 4 feet. • * Leaves toothed, serrated or crcnate. African. 23 C. ACUMINA ins (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 119.) erect, smooth ; leaves elliptical, acute, crenated ; flowers axillary, usually twin. \^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. C. populifolius, Lam. ill. no. 2698. according to Poir. suppl. 2. p. 144. Flowers white. Acuminale-\ca\cd Staff-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 24 C. procu'mdens (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 119.) decumbent, smooth ; leaves ovate, toothed ; flowers axillary, usually soli- tary ; capsules 3-4-valved. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in sandy places. Procumbent Statt'-tree. Shrub decumbent. 25 C. CYMAToDES (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 775.) leaves obovate, wavedly-toothed, and reticulately veined, opposite ; flowers axillary, sessile, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. jraved-toothed-leaved Staft-tree. Shrub. 26 C. ce'rnuus (Thunb. prod. p. 42.) leaves ovate, obtuse, serrated ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, drooping. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white ! Brooping-fiowered Staff-tree. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1817. Shrub 6 feet. 27 C. unda'tus (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 126.) erect, smooth; leaves obovate, somewhat wedge-shaped, undulately-toothed ; flowers axillary, sessile. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white. naiefMeaved Staff-tree. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. Sh. 0 ft. 28 C. tetragonus (Thunb. prod. p. 42.) erect, smooth ; leaves ovate, serrated, opposite ; branches tetragonal ; panicle terminal. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white ? Tetragonal-hr:inched Staff-tree. Clt. 1816. Shrub 4 feet. 29 C. iLi'ciNis (Burch. cat. afr. austr. no. 1663.) erect, smooth ; leaves alternate, ovate, somewhat rhomboid, coarsely serrated, pale beneath; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered, jointed beneath the middle. (; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Capsules 3-valved. Leaves like those of Quercus ilex. Flowers white. ^^wn?.sA-oa^-leaved Staff-tree. Clt. 1817. Shrub 4 feet. 30 C. RHAMNOiDES (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 145.) branches diffuse ; leaves ovate or lanceolate, acute, sharply serrated, smooth ; pedicels 1 -flowered, axillary, crowded, unequal. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white. It is not known whether this shrub is unarmed or spiny. Rhamnus-like Staft-tree. Shrub 10 feet. 31 C. cAssiNOiDEs (Lher. sert. p. 6. t. 10.) erect, smooth ; leaves ovate, acute at both ends, serrated, permanent ; pedicels 2-3 together, axillary, very short. f^ . G. Native of the Canary Islands. Flowers wliite. CaMwe-Zi/ce Staff-tree. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1779. Shrub 4 ft. 32 C. LYCioiDEs (Brouss. ex Willd. mss. in Schult. syst. 5. p. 427.) erect, smooth ; leaves roundish-ovate, obtuse, crenate, coriaceous ; pedicels axillary, very short. Tj . G. Native of the Canary Islands. Flowers white. Lycium-like Staff-tree. Shrub 4 feet. 33 C. edu'lis (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 21.) erect, smooth; leaves opposite and alternate, elliptical, bluntly serrated ; cymes axil- lary, dichotomous. ^ . G. Native of Yemen, in Arabia, where it is cultivated in gardens along with the coffee. The green leaves of this tree are eaten with avidity by the Arabs. They possess nearly the same qualities as opium. The tree is called cat or kat in Arabic ; hence Catha of Forsk. Flowers white. Capsule oblong-cylindrical, 3-cellcd, with one seed in each cell. Eatable Staft-tree. Shrub 10 feet. 34 C. de'color (Gaillaud. voy. meroe. 2. t. 64. f. 6.) leaves oval-oblong, somewhat crenate, tapering to the base ; peduncles axillary, 3-6-flowered ; flowers submubellate ; capsules 2- valved. ^ . F. Native of Upper Egypt? Ill-coloured Staff-tree. Shrub. CELASTRINE^. IV. Celastrus. 35 C. POPULiFOLius (Lam. ill. no. 2698.) leaves ovate, acumi- nated, serrated ; umbels almost sessile, few-flowered. T; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Poplar-Jcaved Staff-tree. Shrub 6 feet. Asiatic. uG C. panicula'tus (Willd. spec. 1. p. 1 125.) climbing ; leaves roundish-oval, serrated, smoothish ; panicle terminal ; stamens inserted in a nectarial ring. ^ ■ ^' S. Native of the East Indies, on the Circar mountains. — A large climbing shrub ; the bark covered with grey scabrous specks. Flowers numerous, small, yellow. Style 1. Stigmas 3. Capsule round, size of a pea, 1 -celled, 3-valved, containing from 3 to 6 seeds, surrounded by yellow aril. Pa»ic/e-flowered Staff-tree. Fl. March, April. Shrub cl. 37 C. depe'ndens (Wall, in fl. ind. 2. p. 389.) climbing, smooth ; leaves oblong, acuminated, serrated ; panicle terminal, composed of many simple, diverging, short racemes ; stamens alternating, with an equal number of reniform nectarial glands. ^ . ^. G. Native of Nipaul. C. raultiflora, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 389. Flowers numerous, small, pale greenish-white. Cap- sule straw-coloured, roundish, somewhat 3-lobed, 3-vaIved, 3- celled, and usually with a single seed in each cell. Seeds covered with a thin, pulpy, scarlet aril. Style terminated by a stigma of 3 emarginate lobes. Hcmgiiig-leaved Staff-tree. Fl. July. Shrub cl. 38 C. nu'tans (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 390.) climbing, smooth ; leaves stalked, broad-ovate, bluntly serrated ; panicle racemose, terminal, drooping ; seeds invested by a complete aril. ^ . ^. S. Native of Mysore. A large climbing and twining tree, with light-brown scabrous bark. Nectary a concave, 5-sided recep- tacle. Flowers small, greenish-white. Capsule round, size of a pea, 1-celled, 3-valved, containing 3-6 seeds each, invested by a thick, complete, fleshy, orange-coloured aril. Style scarcely any. Stigma with 3 spreading notched lobes. A^o(/(/Hj^-panicled Staff-tree. Clt. 1810. Shrub cl. 39 C. OBTusiFOLius (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 393.) arboreous, smooth ; leaves stalked, lanceolate, bluntly serrulated, very blunt and hard ; peduncles axillary, many-flowered. ^ . S. Native of the Mauritius. C. trigynus, Lam. ill. 2. no. 2699. Style none. Stigma deeply 3-lobed. Capsules 3-valved, naked. Sonncratia, Comm. C. pyrius, Willem. herb. maur. p. 21. Young shoots glaucous, nodding at the points. Peduncles once or twice dichotomous. Flowers small, white. Calyx fringed. Stigma obscurely 3-lobed. Blwit-lenved Staff-tree. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1 824-. 'J'ree 20 feet. 40 C. monospe'rmus (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 394.) climbing, smooth ; leaves oblong, glossy, serrulated ; panicles thin, linear, axillary, and terminal, longer than the leaves ; capsules 3-valved, 1 -seeded. Tj . ^. G. Native of Silhet, in the East Indies, where it is called Tiara. Climbing and twining over trees to a considerable extent. Flowers numerous, small, pale greenish- yellow. Disk flat, repand, embracing the base of the ovary. Stigma trigonal. Capsule slightly triquetrous, oblong, smooth, the size of a field bean. Seed solitary, covered with an orange- coloured or scarlet aril. One-seeded Staff-tree. Fl. April, May. Shrub cl. 41 C. Walli'chu; climbing, smooth; leaves ovate, coria- ceous, acute, serrated, glossy, and shining ; racemes axillary ; capsules triquetrous, 3-valved, many-seeded. I^ . ^. S. Native of Penang, in the East Indies. C. lucida, Wall, in fl. ind. 2. p. 400. but not of Lin. WallieKs Staff-tree. Shrub cl. 42 C. PAUciFLORus (Wall, in fl. ind. 2. p. 400.) erect, smooth ; leaves lanceolate, acimiinate, serndated ; peduncles axillary, 6- 8-flowered ; pistil villous; nectary 5-lobed; capsule triangularly globose, 3-valved. Tj . S. Native of Penang, in the East Indies, where it is called Boonga Lawung. Pittosporea serru- lata, Jacq. mss. Flowers yellowish-green, fascicled. Ovary downy. Stigma simple. Capsule 1-celled. Seeds attached along the middle of each valve to parietal prominent placentas, 6 in number, roundish, and angular. Fen'-Jlowercd Staft-tree. Shrub 6 feet. 43 C. sTYLosus (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 401.) climbing, smooth ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acimiinated, acutely serrated ; peduncles axillary, few-flowered, racemose ; petals oblong ; capsules glo- bular, crowned by a long style. Ij . ^. G. Native of Nipaul. Flowers greenish-white. Capside yellow. Style crowned by a 3-lobed, 3-furrowed stigma. Long-styled Staff-tree. Fl. May, July. Shrub cl. 44 C. ALNiFoLius (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 190.) leaves ellip- tical, acuminated, serrated, nerved, opaque on both surfaces, blunt at the base ; peduncles axillary, usually solitary. ^. G. Native of Nipaul, at Sirinagur. A smooth shrub. Aldcr-leaved Staff-tree. Shrub. 45 C. microca'rpus (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 191.) leaves ovate, crenated, pubescent on both surfaces, as well as the branch- lets, acute at the base; peduncles axillary, usually solitary, 1- flowercd. Tj . G. Native of NipaiJ, at Sirinagur. Small-fruited Staff-tree. Shrub. 46 C. Heynea'nus (Roth, in Schult. syst. 5. p. 421.) erect, smooth ; leaves elliptical, bluntly serrulated ; cymes axillary, when in fruit divaricating. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. C. serrulatus, Roth. nov. spec. p. 155. Flowers whitish. Heyne's Staff-tree. Shrub. 47 C. alpe'stris (Blum, bijdr. 1145.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, glandularly serrated, smooth ; corymbs axillary, dichotomous. Tj . S. Native of Java, in the higher woods. Alp Staff-tree. Shrub 7 feet. 48 C. repa'ndis (Blum, bijdr. p. 1145.) leaves ovate-oblong, long-acuminated, ratherrepand, smooth ; panicle axillary, about equal in length to the leaves. Tj . S. Native of Java. Repand Staff-tree. Shrub. 49 C. Roihia'nus (Schult. syst. 5. p. 423.) leaves roundish- oval, acuminated, serrated, pubescent ; panicle terminal, with corymbose branches. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies. C. paniculatus, Roth. mss. but not of Willd, Flowers white. Roth's Staff-tree. Shrub. 50 C. puncta'tus (Thunb. fl. jap. 97.) climbing, smooth ; branches dotted ; leaves oval, acuminated, serrated ; flowers scattered on the branches. ^ • ^. G. Native of Japan and China. Branches angular, rough from white dots. Flowers greenish. Seeds covered with a yellow wrinkled aril. /S)jo? . G. N.ative of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown. Bound-leaved Staff-tree. Shrub 4 feet. 17 C. FLEXuosA (Thunb. fl. cap. 221.) spines filiform; branches flexuous ; leaves smooth, ovate, wavedly-serrated ; pedicels numerous, axillary, 1 -flowered. I^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers whitish. /7c.rM0M«-branched Staff-tree. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Shrub 6 feet. 18 C. PARViFLORA (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 31.) spines naked; leaves ovate, crenated, smooth ; peduncles filiform, dichotomous, longer than the leaves. 1^ . G. Native of Kurma, in Arabia. Catha spinosa, Forsk. descr. 64. Flowers small, white. Sniall-flowcred Staff-tree. Shrub. 19 C. articula'ta (Thunb. jap. Blum, bijdr. p. 1146.) spinose ; leaves roundish, oval, acute at both ends, smooth ; young branches rather spiny, sarmentose ; peduncles axillary, trifid. Ij . G. Native of Japan. Jointed Staff-tree. Shrub 6 feet. Cnlf. The culture and propagation of the species of Catha is the same as that for the stove and greenhouse species of Ce- Idstrus, p. 9. VI. PLECTRO^NIA (from Tr\eKTpov,plectron, a thorn ; shrub covered with thorns.) Lin. gen. no. 300. Schreb. gen. no. 389. Burm, prod. p. 6. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx obsoletely 5- toothed, clothed with sinuses or 5 villous scales, permanent. Petals 5, sessile, inserted in the throat of the calyx. Stamens 5, very short ; anthers 2-celled, roundish, each covered by a calycine scale. Ovarj' small. Style filiform. Stigma ovate. Berry oblong, 2-celled, 2-seeded. .Seeds oblong, compressed. — A tree of no beauty, with quadrangular branches, opposite, stalked, lanceolate-ovate, entire, long leaves, and branched co- rymbs of white flowers, which are shorter than the leaves. 1 P. VENTOSA (Lin. mant. 52. syst. 242.). f^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. P. corymbosa, Burm. prod. 6. — Burm. afr. 257. t. 94. Celastrus ? Plectronia, D. C. prod. 2. p. 9. 7rn(rf Plectronia. Clt. 1816. Tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see greenhouse species of Celastrus, p. 9. VII. MAYTE'NUS (Maitcn is the name of one of the species in Chili). Feuill. Donib. Molin. ? H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 64. D. C. prod. 2. p. 9. LiN. SYST. Pulygamia, Dicecia. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-cleft, small, permanent. Petals 5, spreading, alternating with the sepals. Disk fleshy, surrounding the ovary. Stigma CELASTRINE^E. VII. Maytenus. VIII. Ai.zatea. IX. Crvpteroxia. X. Polycaudia. XI. El.eodi-ndron. 11 sessile, 2-."3-lobed. Capsule 1-4-valved, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds few, arillate, in the bottom of the cells. Embryo Hat, placed in a fleshy albumen. — Small trees, natives of Cliili and Peru, with alternate, simple, coria- ceous, toothed, permanent leaves, and axillary, small, tjreenish- white flowers. Capsules usually coppcr-colound inside. Tliis genus is allied to Sciiaiia from the structtne of the fruit, but from the embryo is referable to Cclaslrtnece. Accordinir to Molina, his Maijlcnns has a 1 -leaved calyx, a monopctalons corolla, 2 stamens, and a 1 -seeded capsule. It may be this genus badly described, or a distinct one. 1 M. ocTOGONUs (D. C. prod. 2. p. 9.) leaves elliptical, bluntly angular, nerveless, obtuse, glaucous. I;| . S. Native of Peru in groves. Celastrus octogonus, Lher. serf. angl. p. 7. Senaeia octogona. Lam. ill. no. 2/13. Zizyphus Peruviana, Lam. diet. 3. p. 320. Capsule 2-valved, 1-seeded. Eight-angled-siemmeA Maytenus. Fl. Oct. Nov. CIt. 1786. Shrub G feet. 2 M. ? ULiGiNosns (H. B. etKunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 65.) branches terete, scattered ; leaves obovate-elliptical, rounded at both ends, obsoletely repand-toothed, rather coriaceous, smooth ; flowers axillary, crowded ; pedicels 1-flowered. Ij . G. Native of New Granada, in the province of Quito, near Guayaquil, in bogs. Celastrus orbicularis, Willd. in Sclndt. syst. 5. p. 423. Capsule 3-valved, 3-celled, 3-seeded, ex. Bonpl. Bog Maytenus. Shrub ^ feet. 3 5r. Ciiile'nsis (D. C. prod. 2. p. 9.) leaves elliptic-oblong, tapering to the base, taper-pointed, with serrated edges. Ij . G. Native of Chili, at Coquimbo. Maiten. Feuill. obs. 3. p. 39. t. 27. Maytenus, Juss. gen. 44'9. Desrous, in Lam. diet. 4. p. 2. exclusive of the synonyme of Molina ? Senaeia ^Maytenus, Lam. ill. no. 2712. Celastrus Maytenus, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1127. Capsules 2, rarely 3-valved. C/i(7( Maytenus. Tree 12 feet. 4 M. uxcina'tus ; leaves lanceolate-linear, narrow, elon- gated, acuminated, serrated. Jj . G. Native of Chili. Celas- trus uncinatus, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 7. t. 230. Flowers as in the former species crowded in the axillas of the leaves, on short pedicels. M. Chilensis, var. /3, angustifolius, D. C. prod. 2. p. 10. Hooked Maytenus. Shrub 6 feet. 5 M. verticillaVus (D. C. prod. 2. p. 10.) branches aggre- gate, whorled ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrated ; peduncles 1-3-flowered, much shorter than the leaves, rising along the branches either above or below the leaves in racemes. Tj . G. Native of Peru, in groves at Cuchero, Munna, &c. Leaves almost smooth, shining. Capsules 2-3-4-celled. W^or/e(/-branched Maytenus. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 feet. 6 M. BoA~RiA (Mol. chili, 152.) leaves opposite or alternate, oblong, smooth, serrated ; flowers scattered : seeds covered with red aril ; corolla monopetalous ; style 1 ; stamens 2 ; capsule 2-valved, 2-eelled, 2-seeded. Pj . G. Native of Chili. A decoction of the twigs of this shrub is used to bathe the swellings produced by the poisonous shade of the Llithi, RInis caiistka. Its vernacular name is Boaria. Boaria yiaylemis. Clt. 1822. Shrub 10 feet. Cult. See greenhouse species of Celastrus for culture and propagation, p. 9. VIII. ALZATE'A (in honour of Joseph Anthony de Alzati y Ramirez, a Spanish naturalist). Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. prod. t. 7. D. C. prod. 2. p. 10. LiN. sYST. Penldnclria, Monogijnia. Calyx 5- cleft, 5-angled, permanent. Petals wanting. Stamens 5, hypogynous ? Style 1. Capsules obcordate, 2-celled, 2-valved, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Very like Mayleiuis, but the flowers are a])etalous. 1 A. vERTiciLLATA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 20. t. 241. f. a.). Pj . G. Native of Peru in groves near Messapata. Leaves obovate, emarginate. Flowers small, greenish-white, in corymbs. Jlliorlcd Ahatea. Clt. 1824. .Shrub 10 feet. Cull. See greenhouse species of Celastrus for culture and propagation. IX. CRYPTERO'NIA (from KpvTrroc, crijplos, hidden, and irrcpov, pteron, a wing; the seeds are terminated by a narrow wing). Blum, bijdr. 1145. Lin. syst. Momveia, Peiitandria. Flowers monoecious from abortion. Calyx inferior, small, 5-toothed. Corolla none. Stamens 5, short, alternating with the calyx. Ovary 2-celled, girded by a membranous margin. Style crowned by an obtuse stigma. Capsule subglobose, crowned by the permanent style, 2-celled, 2-valvcd, many-seeded. Dissepiments contrary to the valves. Seeds albuminose, terminatetl by a subalate wing. This genus comes near to Ahatea. — A tall tree, with opposite, oblong, quite entire leaves, and lateral panicles of small flowers. 1 C. panicula'ta (Blum. 1. c). T? . S. Native of Java on the mountains. P««ic/erf-flowered Crypteronia. Tree 50 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Polycdrdia. X. POLYCA'RDIA (from iroXv, pohj, many, and KupCia, lard'ta, a heart ; in allusion to the petioles being furnished with numerous heart-shaped wings). Juss. gen. 377. D. C. prod. 2. p. 10. Lin. svst. Pentandr'm, Monogijnia. Calyx 5-l()bed, per- manent. Petals 5. Stamens 5, short, alternating with the petals. Ovary depressed. Style 1, very short. Stigma lobed. Capsule woody, 5-celled, 5-valved (rarely 3-4-valved from abor- tion) with a membranous dissepiment at the base of each valve in the middle. Seeds few in the bottom of each cell, oblong, each surrounded by a calyciform jagged aril. Flowers sessile on the middle nerves of the leaves. 1 P. niYLLANTHoiDES (Lam. ill. 2. p. 100. t. 132.). Tj . S. Native of ^ladagascar. A smooth shrub, with alternate coria- ceous leaves, tapering into the footstalk, some of which are oblong, entire; others deeply emarginate, bearing 1-5 flowers in the recess. Florinda, Nor. mss. Commersonia, Comm. mss. P. Madagascariensis, Gmel. syst. p. 407. P. epiphylla. Smith, in Rces' cycl. vol. 28. PhijUanlhus-like Polycardia. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. Loam, peat, and sand is a good soil for this shrub, and ripened cuttings will strike root in a pot of sand under a hand-glass, in heat. XL EL/EODENDRON (from e\aia, elaia, an olive, and ctvcpov, dendron, a tree ; the fruit is like that of an olive, and the seeds are oily). Jacq. in act. helv. nov. 1. p. 36. but not of Retz. D. C. prod. 2. p. 10. — Rubentia, Comm. in Juss. gen. 378. — Schrebera, Retz. obs. C. p. 25. Lin. syst. Tetra-Pentdndria, Moiwgynia. Calyx small, 4-5- lobed. Petals 4-5, spreading, broad at the base. Stamens 4-5, alternating with the petals. Disk fleshy, girding the ovary. Style very short. Drupe dry, containing a woody 5-celled (rarely 2-4-celled froin abortion) nut. Seeds 2 in each cell, but some- times solitary from abortion, erect, oblong. Albumen fleshy. Embryo central, straight, with leafy cotyledons and an inferior radicle. — Trees or shrubs with smooth, laurel-like, opposite leaves, and axillary panicles of flowers. Flowers small, greenish- white or yellowish-green. 1 E. orienta'le (Jacq. icon. t. 48.) leaves entire, or toothed, c 2 12 CELASTRINE^, XI. El^odendron. XII. Actegeton. XIII. Ptelidium. XIV. Tralliana. XV. Cassine. obovate-oblong, or ovate, much longer than the petioles ; flowers usually pentanclrous. Tj . S. Native of the Mauritius and Ma- dagascar, where it is called bois d'olive. Riibentia ollvina, Gmel. syst. 408. E. I'ndicum, Gaert. fruct. 1. t. 57. Lam. ill. t. \32. Nerves in the young leaves reddish. The nut is said to be hairy on the outside. Flowers yellowish-green. ^a.s'; . G. Native of Peru, ill liot ])laccs, about Contumasay. Flowers white. Elliptk-\ea\cd Holly- Shrub. 19 1. scopuLORUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 70.) leaves ovate, roundish, and obovate, rounded at the apex, ob- soletely-crenate, coriaceous, smooth, shining above ; peduncles 5-7-flo\vered, and are, as well as the branchlets, pubescent, clammy ; flowers 4-5-petalled. y> . G. Native of Quito, at Paramo de Alpachaca. Flowers white. Eock Holly. Tree 20 feet. 20 I. liti'icoLA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves ovate-roundish, elliptical, blunt, crenate-serrated, coriaceous, quite smooth, shining on both surfaces ; peduncles usually 3-flowered, and arc, as well as the branches, smooth ; flowers 4-petalled. Tj . G. Native of the province of Quito, near Lo.xa, in Paramo de Sara- gura. Flowers white. Rock-hill Holly. Tree. 21 I. sALiciFOLiA (Jacq. coll. 5. p. 36. t. 2. f. 2.) leaves long- lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, coriaceous, smooth, tooth- letted from the middle ; cymes axillary, longer than the petioles. Tj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Burglaria li^cida, Wendl. ? ex Steud. Flowers white. Leaves with red edges. Willow-leaved Holly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub 10 feet. 22 I. odora'ta (Hamilt. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 189.) leaves oval-oblong, bluntly acuminated, crenulate, stalked ; um- bels sessile, glomerate, equal in length to the petioles. Tj . H. Native of Nipaul, in the vicinity of Chitlong at the town of Lahuri. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Sweet-scented Holly. Tree. 23 I. Paltoria (Pers. ench. 1. p. 152.) leaves oval, crenate, coriaceous, smooth, crowded, hardly stalked ; branches some- what velvety ; peduncles axillary, 1 -3-flowered. Ij . G. Native of Peru and New Granada, on the highest mountains. Branches brownish-black. Stigma large, tetragonal. Corolla usually 1- petalled, white. Paltoria ovalis, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. t. 8-1. f. C. riex Paltoria, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 09. Paltor's Holly. Shrub 10 feet. 24 I. Parague'nsis (Lamb, pin. vol. 2. app. t. 2.) quite smooth ; leaves obovate, oblong, bluntish, remotely serrated; pe- duncles axillary, many-parted ; flowers 4-cleft, letrandrous, rarely 5-cleft ; stigma 4-lobed ; drupe 8-furrowed, containing 4 nuts. Ij . S. Native of Paraguay, and in the Brazils, about Curitiba, where it is called Mate, and in French llerhe du Paraguai, and in Paraguay Yerva mate. Flowers white. Berries red. This plant is that which grows in Paraguay, where the Jesuits make a great re- venue from the leaves. These leaves are used in Paraguay, La Plata, Chili, Peru, and Quito at all hours of tht diy, by puttnig a handful in a kind of tea-pot called male, and from the spout of this the hot liquor is imbibed. Some mi.'c sugar with it, and others add a few drops of lemon juice ; and by pouring fresh boiling water, the infusion may be renewed. The Creoles are very fond of it, and never travel without a supply. They drink the infusion at every meal, and never eat until they have taken some of it. It must be drank directly, for if suffered to remain long the liquor would become as black as ink. The pipe to the male, or tea-pot, called a bombilla, is perforated with holes at the FIG. 3. ,:0. top, to prevent swallowing the pulverized herb, which swims on the surface. The whole party is supplied by handing the mate and j)ipe from one to another, filling up the vessel with hot water as fast as it is drunk out. The repugnance of Europeans to drink ' after all sorts of people in a country where siphilitic diseases are so prevalent, has occasioned the introduction of small glass pipes, with which each person is sometimes provided. About 200,000 arrobas of the leaves, equal to 5 millions lbs., are annually obtained from Paraguay, 11 0,000 arrobas of which go to Chili, from which Lima and Quito are supplied ; the rest is expended in the vice-royalty of Buenos Ayres. The leaves when green taste some- thing like mallow leaves ; they are roasted and dried, and almost pulverized before they are packed. There are three kinds of it in its prepared state, although produced by the same plant, which go under the names of Caa-cuys, Caa-mini, and Caa-guazu ; the first is the buds of the leaves when hardly expanded ; the second is the leaves stripped oflT the ribs before roasting, and the third is roasted without any preparation. The Caa-cuys does not keep, and is consequently all used in Paraguay. The aromatic bitterness which the herb possesses when prepared is partly dissipated by carriage. The principal harvest of the herb is made in the eastern part of Paraguay, and about the moun- tains of Maracaya, but it is also cultivated in the marshy valleys which intervene between the hills. The people boast of innu- merable qualities which this herb possesses. It is certainly aperient and diuretic, but the other qualities attributed to it are rather doubtful. In the mine countries the use of this herb is more universal, from the opinion that prevails amongst the Spaniards, that the wines there are prejudicial to health. Like opium, it produces some singular effects ; it gives sleep to the restless, and spirit to the torpid. Those who have once con- tracted the habit of taking it, do not find it an easy matter to leave it oflT, or even to use it in moderation, though when taken to excess it brings on similar disorders to those which are pro- duced by the immoderate use of strong liquors. The practice adopted for procuring the leaves is for the mer- chant to provide himself with a quantity of such goods as are best suited to the natives. After having obtained permission of the government, he goes to the quarter where the natives under- stand the work, and there he gives public notice of his design. The cutters collect, and having received advances in goods, he provides them with mules, and then conducts them to whatever yerval or grove promises the best harvest. Each morning the ciuters disperse on foot, and cut as many branches as they can carry, and after scorching them over the fire, they bring them to the general deposit. A hurdle of long poles is there prepared in the shape of a cylindrical vault, which they call barbaqua ; on this the branches are placed, and under a large fire is made, on which they dry the leaves. This done, they remove the fire, and on a hard and hot platform, after being swept clean, they throw the leaves, which they beat and separate. The leaves being separated are put into leather bags ; they are now con- sidered as fit for use, but not considered as seasoned imtil they are a few months old. Mate or Paraguay Tea. Clt. 1823. Tree 15 feet. 25 I. Gongo'nha (Mart. trav. engl. edit. 2. p. 100.) leaves elliptical, pungently-mucronate, spiny-toothed, rounded at the base, green and shining above ; spikes usually twin, branched, densely-pubescent ; flowers pentandrous ; style distinct, entire. I? . S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of the Mines. The leaves of this plant afford a kind of tea, called in Brazil Gon- gonlia or Congonha, and which is considered by some as iden- tical with that from Paraguay. M.M. Martins and St. Hilaire appear to be of this opinion. Dr. Martins found the plant in the province of Minas Geraes, but M. Auguste St. Hilaire met with his plant near Curitiba, in the province of St. Paul, and it 1 ILICINE.E. III. Ili;x. 19 is tlicrefore reasonable to suppose that liis plant is identical with that from Paraguay. Since the export of tea from Paraguay has been proliibitrd by the present Dictator, Dr. Francia, the inhabitants of the other States, who were formerly supplied from Paraguay, are now obliged to use that from Brazil, which is found to be much inferior. Persons ignorant of the specilic distinctions between the two trees have attributed the inferiority of the Brazil kind merely to the different mode of preparing the leaves. Gongonha or Brazilian Mate or Tea. Tree. 26 I. Martinia'na (Lamb. pin. append, t. 8.) leaves oval- oblong, crenated, coriaceous, shining, short-acuminated ; racemes aggregate, compound, smoothish ; flowers tetrandrous. f; . S. Native of Guiana. Berry red, containing 4 nuts. Mr. Lambert thinks that the properties of this plant are the same as those of I U\c Paragitensis, from the habit being similar. Martin's Holly or Guiana Mate. Tree 'JO feet. 27 I. EMARoiNA^TA (Tluml). jap. 78.) leaves obovate, emar- ginate, crenated, with revolute edges ; flowers axillary, twin, stalked. Jj . G, Native of Japan, near Nagasaki. Flowers white. Emarginate-leavei Holly. Shrub 10 feet. 28 L? cuNEiFOLiA (Lin. spec. 181.) leaves wedge-shaped, smooth, equally tricuspidate. Tj . H. Native of North Ame- rica. Flowers and fruit unknown. Jar. /3, Donaricnsis (D. C. prod. 2. p. 16.) leaves ovately wedge-shaped, smooth, tricuspidate, with the middle lobe twice as long as the lateral ones. f; . G. Native of Buenos Ayres. Flowers axillary, solitary, almost sessile, surrounded by scales. Lam. diet. 3. p. 148. Wedge- leaved Holly. Shrub 10 feet. 29 L crena'ta (Thunb. jap. p. 78.) leaves ovate, erenate, blunt, with revolute edges ; peduncles drooping, scattered on the branches, usually 3-flowered. 1? . G. Native of Japan. Flowers white. Crc?ia^e-leaved Holly. Shrub. 30 L serra'ta (Thunb. jap. 78.) leaves ovate, acute, ciliately serrated ; pedicels axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered, drooping. T; . G. Native of Japan, in the island of Nipon. Flowers white. Serrate-\ea\ed Holly. Fl. June. Shrub. 31 L latifoha (Thunb. jap. 79.) leaves ovate, bluntish, ser- rated, shining above, with revolute edges ; pedicels aggregate, longer than the petiole, and rising above the axillae of the leaves. Ij . G. Native of Japan. Flowers white. Broad-leaved Holly. Tree 20 feet. 32 L MVRicoiDEs (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 71.) leaves oblong, acute, cuneated at the base, somewhat cordate, serrulated, smooth, as well as the branches ; peduncles 3- flowered, twice or thrice longer than the petioles ; flowers 1- petalled. h . G. Native of New Granada, on the mountains be- tween Meneses and Pasto. Flowers w-hitish. Ulijrica-Uke Holly. Tree 6 feet. 33? L HippocRATEoiDEs (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 71.) leaves oblong, somewhat acuminated, crenate-serrulated, veiny, coriaceous, rather shining, and are, as well as the branch- lets, smooth ; peduncles dichotomous, 3-7-flowered, 2 or 3 times longer than the petioles ; flowers 4-petalled. Ij . S. Na- tive of South America ? Flowers white. Hippocralea-like Holly. Shrub. SI ? L lau'rina (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 71.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, remotely serrulated, netted, coriaceous, and are, as well as the brandies, smooth; peduncles 1-3-flowered, in crowded fascicles, length of petioles ; flowers 4-petalled. ^ . S. Native of South Ame- jrica '. Laurel-like Holly. Tree. • * • Leaves quite entire or nearly so. 3!) I. Canarie'nsis (Poir. .suppl. 3. p. 67.) leaves ovate-lan- ceolate, flat, somewhat acute, quite entire, shining ; umbels axillary, few-flowered ; peduncles longer than the petioles. \^ . IL Native of the Canary Islands. Flowers white, truly dioe- cious. Fruit black. CV/»nr//-Island Holly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Tr. 20 ft. 36 I. Dauoon (Walt. fl. car. 211.) leaves lanceolate-ellip- tical, coriaceous, almost qiiite entire, with the edges a little revolute, and with the midrib, petioles, and branchlets villous ; j)eduneles lateral and terminal, in ])anieled corymbs. Ij . H. Native of North America, from Carolina to Florida, in open swamps. I. Casshic, Willd. hort. berl. 1. t. 31. Flowers white. Berries red. An elegant shrub. I'ar. ft, laurifolia (Nutt. in Sillim. amer. journ. 5. 1822. p. 289.) leaves larger, elliptical, acutish, permanent ; pedicels elongated, usually 3-flowered. 1; . H. Native of Eastern Florida. Very like /. Daliobn. DahoonYloWy. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1726. Shrub 8 feet. 37 I. LiGusTRiFOLiA ; leaves obovate-lanceolate, quite entire, with the edges revolute, midrib, petioles, and branches smooth ; cymes lateral. fj . H. Native of North America, from Vir- ginia to Georgia, in deep swamps. I. angustifolia, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p, 109. Flowers white. Berries red. Privet-leaved Holly. Fl. June, July. Shrub 6 feet. 38 I. MYRTiFOHA (Lam. ill. no. 1732.) leaves ovate, acute at both ends, quite entire ; flowers lateral, in fascicles, dioecious. Ij . S. Native of the Caribbee islands. Flowers white. This species has the habit of a Sidewxylon. Myrtle-leaved HoWy. Clt. 1806. Shrub 10 feet. 39 I. Nipaule'nsis (Spreng. syst. app. p. 48.) leaves ellip- tical, quite entire, acute at both ends; umbels globose, stalked, solitary, puberulous, shorter than the petioles. Tj . H. Native of Nipaul. I. elliptica, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 189. but not of Kunth. Flowers white. Nipaul Holly. Shrub 8 feet. 40 I. CYMOSA (Blum, bijdr. 1149.) leaves oblong, bluntly acu- minated, quite entire, smooth ; cymes dichotomous, axillary ; berry 8-seeded. Ij . S. Native of Java. Flowers dioecious. C(/»?io«'-flovvered Holly. Tree 50 feet. 41 I. sricATA (Blum, bijdr. 1149.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, quite entire, coriaceous, quite smooth, w^ith revolute margins; spikes axillary and lateral ; berry 6-8-seeded. Ij . S. Native of Java, in woods on the higher mountains. Spike -Row ex e A Holly. Tree 20 feet. 42 I. Macoucoua (Pers. ench. 1. p. 152.) leaves oval or somewhat ovate, sometimes tapering to an obtuse emarginate point, coriaceous, smooth, quite entire ; peduncles numerous, cymose, axillary. 1? . S. Native of Guiana and Cayenne, in woods, as well as of the islands of St. Domingo and Trinidad. Macoucoua Guianensis, Aubl. guian. l.t. 34. Flex acuminata, Willd. spec. l.p. 711. Cassine ftlaurocenia, Sieb.pl. exsic. trin. no. 81. Flowers white. Berries red, ovate, 2-cellcd. The tree is called Macoucou in Guiana. Macoucoua Holly. Tree 40 feet. 43 ? I. oBtoRDA~TA (Svvartz, fl. ind. occ. 1 . p. 338.) leaves obcordate, coriaceous, quite entire, shining, nerveless ; sti))ulas small, prickly ; peduncles 3-flowered, axillary, shorter than the petioles. f; . S. Native of Jamaica, on the Blue Mountains. Flowers white. Style very short. Stigma blunt. Berries red, 1 -celled. Ohcordate-\c-/f(Z Winter-berry. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1736. Shrub 8 feet. 6 P. DUBius; leaves deciduous, oval, acuminated at both ends, mucronately-serrated, pidjescent beneath ; flowers 4-5- cleft ; male ones crowded at the bottom of the branches, female ones solitary. >j . H. Native of North America, in sandy woods, and on the borders of swamps, from New Jersey to Caro- lina. P. ambiguus, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 220. Flowers white. Berries red, larger than those of P. verticillalus. Doubtful Winter-berry. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1736. Tree 12 ft. 7 P. l.eviga'tus (Pursh. fl. sept. amer. 1. p. 220.) leaves deciduous, lanceolate, with adpressed serratures, acuminated, smooth on both surfaces, shining, hardly pubescent on the nerves beneatli ; flowers 6-cleft, male ones scattered ; female ones axillary, solitary, almost sessile. f; . H. Native of North America, on the Alleghany mountains, from New York to Vir- ginia. Wats. dend. brit. t. 28. Flowers white. Berries large, dark-red. ,S')»oo///-leaved Winter-berry. Fl. Jidy. Clt. 1812. Sh. 8 ft. 8 P. lanceola'tus (Pursh, fl. sept. amer. 2. p. 17.) leaves deciduous, lanceolate, finely and remotely serrated, smooth on both surfaces ; male flowers aggregate, triandrous ; fetnale ones usually twin, stalked, 6-cleft. tj . H. Native of Georgia and Carolina, in the lower counties. Flowers white. Berries small, scarlet. iawceoZate-leaved Winter-berry. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1811. Shrub 8 feet. § 3. Winterlia (probably from the name of some botanist). Matich.melh. 74. D. C. prod. 2. jj. 17. Flowers for the most part 6-cleft. Leaves permanent. 9 P. gla'ber (Lin. spec. 471.) branches rather pubescent; leaves evergreen, cuneate-lanceolate, coriaceous, smooth, shining, a little toothed at the apex ; pedicels axillary, usually soli- tary, for the most part 3-flowered. Tj . H. Native of North America, from Canada to Florida, in sandy shady woods. Flowers white. Berries black, called in Jersey Ink-berries. A low and handsome shrub. C/rt6/o!« Winter-berry. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1759. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 10 P. atoma'rius (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 213.) leaves ever- green ; cuneate-oval, acute, coriaceous, somewhat serrated at the apex, bearing black atoms or dots beneath ; young branches a little clammy ; pedicels lateral, l-flowered. I7.H. Native of Georgia, in woods on the banks of rivers. Flowers white. Berries dark. ILICINEiE. IV. Prinos. V. Rhai-tostylum. VI. Strombosia. VII. Leicoxvlon. RIIAMNE.E. 21 Alom-hcaring Wintcr-l)eny. Fl. Jiilv, Auj;. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2 feet. 11 I', coria'ckus (Pursli, fl. sept, anicr. 1. p. 221.) leaves evergreen, cuneate-Ianceolatc, coriaceous, smooth, shining, quite entire ; corymbs axillary, sessile, very short, niany-flowercd ; flowers G-cieft. Jj . H. Native of Georgia in sandy woods, near the banks of rivers. Wats, dendr. brit. t. 27. Flowers wliite. A liandsomc tall shrub, with the appearance of Pkx Dahoon. There are two varieties of this shrub, the one with broader obovate-lanceolate leaves, the other with narrower lan- ceolate acute leaves. CoWnreoKi-leavcd Winter-berry. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub 10 feet. 12 P. MONTANUs (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. G22.) leaves evergreen, ovate, serrated all around the edges, quite smooth and shining on both surfaces ; peduncles axillary, 3-ttowered. •j.S. Native of Jamaica among bushes on the mountains. Flowers small, wliite. Berries roundish, black. JMoiinta'in Winter-berry. Tree .'30 feet. lu P. sinEuo.wLoiDES (Svvartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. G24.) leaves roundisli, obtuse, quite entire, somewhat coriaceous ; pedicels 4-8, axillary, crowded, 1-flowered, longer tlian the petioles. Tj . S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. Flowers white. The wood is hard. Iron-nood-Vikc Winter-berrj-. Tree 20 feet. CuU. The hardy kinds of Prinos are well adapted for small shrubberies; tliey will grow well in any light .soil, but prefer peat, and are easily increased by laying down the shoots or by seeds. The stove species will grow in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand- glass, in a moderate heat. The seeds will not vegetate till the second year. •f- Genera allied to IlicinecB, but differ materially in some par- ticulars from the rest of the order. V. STROMBO\SIA (^arponJioQ, stromhos, a turban, a top ; shape of fruit). Blum, bijdr. 1154. Lin. syst. Pentundria, Monogijnia. Calyx inferior, small, flat, obsoletely-crenulated. Petals 5, conniving, campanulate, villous in the throat. Stamens 5, short, opposite the petals and inserted in them. Anthers bursting inwards, didymous. Ovary inmiersed in the disk, 5-cclled, cells 1-secded; or 3-celled, cells 2-seeded. Style short, crowned by an obtuse stigma, which is (ibsoletely toothed. Fruit baccate, turbinate, substipitate, 1 -seeded from abortion. — .\ tall tree, with alternate, oblong, acu- minated, entire, smooth, shining leaves, and axillary fascicles of greenish flowers. 1 S. Java'mca (Blum, bijdr. 1155.). Tj , S. Native of Java, in mountain woods. Java Strombosia. Tree 50 feet. Cidt. See stove species of Prinos for culture and propa- gation. VI, LEUCO'X\ LON (from Xcvkoq, leukos, white, ^vXov, xylon, wood; wood white). Blum, bijdr. 11 G9. Lin. syst. Pohjgamia, Dicecia. Flowers polygamous from abortion. Calyx inferior, 4-parted, with the segments obtuse and imbricate. Corolla subcampanulate, 4-parted. Male flowers with about 12-14 stamens, which are partly hypogynous and partly adnate to the base of the corolla, and inclosed in it. An- thers 2-celled. Female flowers with a 4-celled ovary, each cell containing many seeds. Style 2-parted, crowned by 2 eniar- ginate stigmas. Drupe corticate, I -celled, containing 1-2 1- seedcd bony nuts. Embryo inverted in cartilaginous albumen. A tall tree with spreading branches, with the branchlets and leaves distich. Leaves small, alternate, approximate, elliptic- lanceolate, coriaceous, veinless, shining above but silky-pubes- cent beneath as well as the branchlets. Flowers axillary, male ones crowded, female ones solitary. According to Blume, the genus has the habit of Trrcbinlhacece, but it is more nearly allied to Khcnacciv and 'J'eriislrcemiacecc, but we think it is still nearer to fliciiiccr. 1 L. BuxiFoi-iUM (Blum, bijdr. 1 1G9.). Tj. S. Native of Java, in mountain woods, where it is called Kinieruk. Box-leaved Leucoxyluni. Fl. Feb. Tree GO feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see stove species of Prinos. VII. RHAPTO'STYLUM {pu-Knw, rhaplos, sewed together, and irruXoc, stylos, a style; styles joined together). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 78. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogyniti. Caly.\ 5-cleft, with ovate, equal segments. Petals 5, sessile, valvate in sestivation, acute, equal, longer than the calyx, hypogynous. Disk wanting. Stamens 10, hypogynous, shorter than the corolla. Filaments dilated at the base and subulate at the apex, adhering together and with the petals at the base, smooth, opposite the petals. Anthers 2-celled, bursting inwards. Ovary superior, large, co- nical, 3-celled ; ova solitary, pendulous. Stigma sessile, 3- lobed. — An imarmed, smooth tree, with alternate, slender branches, and alternate, entire, membranous, exstipidate leaves. Flowers minute, white, in fascicles in the axils of the leaves. 1 R. acumina'tum (H. B. et Kunth 7. p. 79. t. G21.). Ij . S. Native of New Granada. A ciiminalcd-\ca\c(i Rhaptostylum. Shrub G feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see stove species of last genus. Order LXVII. RH A'MNEvE (plants agreeing with Rhamnus in important characters). R. Br. gen. rem. p. 22. D. C. prod. 2. p. 19. Brogn. mem. — Rhamnorum, Gen. Juss. Calyx nionosepalous, 4-5-cleft (f. 4. B. a. D. c), with the tube adhering to the base of the ovary (f. 6. C. d. B.y.) ; lobes valvate when in the bud. Petals 4-5 (f. 4. D. a. B. c), cucullate (f 7. A. /i.) or convolute (f. 6. C. c), rarely wanting, alternating with the lobes of the calyx, very often of the form of a scale, all inserted in the mouth of the calyx. Stamens 4-5, opposite the petals (f. 4. B. c). Anthers 1- (f. 7. D. c.) 2-celled (f 6. C. 6.). Ovary free, or adhering to the calyx more or less, always immersed in the disk when there is any, 2-3 (f. G. E. g-.) rarely 4-celled, each cell containing 1 erect seed (f. 6. E. g.). Style 1-3. Stigmas 2-3 (f. 6. E. c). Fruit fleshy (f 5. F. k.) indehiscent or dry, tricoccous (f. 6. £.§■.). Seeds erect. Albumen fleshy, rarely wanting. Embryo straight, slender, about equal in length to the seed, with large, flat cotyledons, and a short inferior radicle. — Trees or shrubs, with simple, alternate, rarely opposite leaves, usually furnished with stipulas. Flowers small, usually greenish- yellow. This order is nearly allied to Celaslrinece, but differs in the sepals or lobes of the calyx being valvate in aestivation, not imbricate, and in the stamens being opposite the petals, not alter- nating with them, as well as in the ovary being more or less adnate to the calyx, not distinct from it. It also comes near to Byttneriacece in the aistivation of the caly.x, but is distinguished from it by the insertion of the stamens. Throughout this order there is a remarkable agreement between the inner bark and the 22 RHAMNEiE. fruit, especially in several species of Rhamnus, in which they both are purgative and emetic, and in some degree astringent. Many species oi Zlzypltus, however, bear wholesome and agree- able fruit. Tile berries of the greater number yield yellow and green dyes, under the hands of the chemist, of much importance to manufacture. The bark of Ceanothus cceruleus is esteemed febrifugal in Mexico. Synopsis of the Genera. 1 Paliurus. Calyx spreading, 5-cleft (f. 4. a. a.). Petals obovate, convolute (f 4. A. b.). Stamens exserted (f. 4. A. c). Anthers 2-celled (f. 4. A. c). Disk flat (f. 4. A. d.) pentagonal. Styles 3. Fruit dry, indehiscent (f. 4. A. g.), containing a 3- celled nut (f. 4. A. /(.), winged in the circumference (f. 4. A.f.). 2 Zi'zYi'Hus. Calyx spreading (f. 4. B. «.), 5-cleft. Petals obovate, unguiculate (f. 4. B. b.), convolute. Stamens exserted (f. 4. B. c). Anthers 2-celled (f. 4. B. c). Disk flat (f. 4. B. /.), pentagonal. Styles 2-3 (f. 4, B. g.). Fruit fleshy, con- taining a 1 -2-celled nut (f. 4. B. h.). 3 Sph.eroca'rya. Calyx 5-parted. Petals minute, ovate, obtuse. Stamens short. Disk none. Style 1. Drupe fleshy, containing a 1 -celled, 1 -seeded nut. 4 CoNDA^LiA. Calyx spreading, 5-cleft (f. 4. C. a.). Petals wanting. Anthers 2-celled (f 4. C. e.). Disk flat, pentagonal (f. 4. C. c). Style 1. Fruit drupaceous, containing a 1 -celled nut (f. 4. C. d.). 5 Berciie'mia. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft (f. 4. E. a.). Petals convolute (f. 4. E. c). Stamens inclosed (f. 4. E. d.). Anthers 2-celled (f. 4. E. c). Disk annular (f. 4. E./.), nearly flat. Style simple. Fruit dry, 2-celled (f. 4. E. g.). 6 Ventila'go. Calyx spreading, 5-cleft (f. 4. D. c). Petals obovate, convolute (f. 4. D.rt.). Stamens exserted (f. 4. D. b.). Anthers 2-celled (f 4. D. 6.). Disk fleshy, flat. Style com- pressed, bidentate (f. 4. D. j.). Fruit indehiscent (f. 4. D. h.), woody, 1-celled, 1-seeded, winged at the apex (f. 4. D. k.). 7 Sagere'tia. Calyx urceolate, 5-cleft (f. 4. F. a.). Petals convolute or cucuUate (f. 4. F. e. b.). Anthers 2-celled (f. 4. F./.). Disk thick, cup-shaped. Ovary 3-celled (f. 4. F. d.). Style short, thick (f. 4. F. g.). 8 Rha'mnus. Calyx urceolate (f. 5. A. b. C. b.), 4-5-cleft (f. 5. A. a. C. a.). Petals emarginate (f. 5. C. c), or wantinn-. Anthers 2-celled (f. 5. A. d.). Disk thin (f. 5. C. e.). Styles 3-4, connected (f. 5. A. g.), or free. Fruit baccate, containing 3-4, rarely 2, little nuts (f. 5. A. j. B. /.). 9 Scu'tia. Calyx urceolate, 5-cleft (f. 6. A. g.). Petals flattish, emarginate (f. 6. A. c./.). Anthers 2-celled (f. 6. A. b.). Disk fleshy (f. 6. A. c). Style short (f. 6. A. k.). Fruit con- taining 3 nuts (f. 6. A. /.). 10 Retanilla. Calyx urceolate, 5-cleft (f. 5. E. b.e.). Petals cucuUate (f. 5. E. c. d.), sessile. Stamens inclosed (f 5. E. c). Anthers kidney-shaped, 1-celled. Disk covering the bottom of the calyx (f. 5. E. g.) Style simple (f. 5. E. /(.). Fruit con- taining a 3-celled nut (f. 5. E. ?'.). 11 Colle'tia. Calyx campanulate (f. 5. F. /.). coloured. Petals wanting. Anthers 1 -2-celled, kidney-shaped (f. 5. F. ;'.) or ovate. Disk cup-shaped (f. 5. F. g.). Style simple, elon- gated. Fruit dehiscent, containing 3 nuts (f. 5. F. h. k.). 12 Trevoa. Calyx turbinate, 5-cleft. Petals cucuUate. Stamens inclosed. Anthers 1-celled, kidney-shaped. Disk almost wanting. Style long, hairy. Capsule membranous, 2- valved, 1-seeded. 13 Disca'ria. Calyx campanulate, 4-5-cleft, coloured. Pe- tals 4-5. Stamens inclosed. Anthers 2-celled. Disk cup- shaped, fleshy. Style crowned by a 3-lobed stigma. 14 Hove'nia. Calyx rather spreading (f. 6. B. «.), 5-cleft. Petals obovate, unguiculate (f. 6. B. e.), convolute. Stamens inclosed (f. C. B. e.). Anthers 2-celled. Disk fleshy (f. 6. B. /.), flat. Style trifid. Fruit of 3 free berries (f. 6. B. /.). 15 CoLUBRiNA. Calyx spreading, 5-cleft (f. 6. D. n.). Petals obovate, convolute (f 6. D. b.). Stamens exserted (f. 6. D. c). Anthers 2-celled. Disk fleshy, flattish, pentagonal (f. 6. D.g.). Style trifid. Fruit dehiscent, containing 3 seeds (f. 6. D.y.). 16 Ceanothus. Calyx a hemispherical tube, with a 5-cleft limb (f. 6. C. d.). Petals unguiculate, cucuUate (f. 6. C. c). Anthers 2-celled (f. 6. C. b.). Disk spongy, annular (f. 6. C.e.). Styles 3. Fruit containing 3-seeds (f. 6. D./.). 17 Willeme'tia. Calyx urceolate, 5-cleft (f. 6. F. d.). Pe- tals cucuUate, sessile (f. 6. F. b.). Stamens inclosed. Anthers 2-celled. Disk very thin (f. 6. F.e.). Ovary 3-celled. Style simple. 18 Pomade'rris. Calyx rather spreading (f. 6. E. a.), 5- cleft. Petals flat, unguiculate, subcordate or wanting. Stamens exserted (f. G. E. b.). Anthers 2-celled (f. 6. E. c. e.). Disk wanting. Style trifid (f. G. E. c. aipa, sphaira, a sphere, and KQovov, cart/on, a nut; nuts round). Wall, fl- ind. 2. p. 371. Lix. SYST. Penldndria, Monogi'/nia. Calyx 5-parted. Pe- tals 5, alternating with the stamens, inserted in the calyx, and with 5 fringed scales between the stamens and opposite the calycine segments. Stamens 5, inserted in the calyx. Disk none. Drupe pear-shaped, containing a smooth round nut. — A large tree, with alternate, ovate, entire, smooth, exstipulate leaves, and axillary and terminal villous racemes of small greenish, inodorous flowers. 1 S. edu'lis (Wall. 1. c). f; . G. Native of Nipaul in the forests, about the valley. The flesh of the fruit is pale-brown, and the inhabitants of Nipaul arc very fond of it, which, how- ever, to a European palate, holds out but little temptation. 7w/(7j/c-fruited Spha'rocarya. Tree 10 feet. Cull. For culture and propagation see greenhouse species of Zizi/jj/ius. IV. CONDAXIA (in honour of Anthony Condal, M. D. companion of Loefling in liis voyages). Cav. icon. G. p. 16. t. 525. D. C. prod. 2. p. 28. Brogn. mem. Rham. p. 48. Lin. syst. Pcntundria, Monogijnia. Calyx spreading, 5- cleft (f. 4. C. «.), adhering to the ovary ; segments deciduous, but with the base permanent. Petals wanting. Anthers bilo- eular (f. 4. C. e.). Stamens alternating with the sepals (f. 4. C.C.). Style 1. Disk flat, expanded (f 4. C. c), pentagonal. Ovary girded by the disk, free, 2-celled (f 4. C. (/.). Stigma small, entire. Fruit drupaceous, ovate, containing a 1 -celled, 1-seeded nut (probably from abortion ?). Seed ovate, destitute of a furrow. — Much branched, smooth shrubs, with spiny brancli- lets, alternate, almost sessile, obovate-oblong, entire leaves, and axillary flowers. This genus differs from Zizyphus, to which it is nearly allied, in being destitute of petals, as w-ell as in the style and stigma being simple. 1 C. microphy'lla (Cav. 1. c.) leaves alternate, almost sessile, obovate-oblong, mucronate. Ij . G. Native of Chili. Zi'zy- phus myrtoides, Ort. dec. 9. p. 119. Branches spreading, spiny at the apex. Flowers on short pedicels, greenish-yellow. ,S'?H«//-/(?rti'crf Condalia. CIt. 1824. Shrub 3 feet. 2? C. ? paradoxa (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 825.) leaves opposite, connate, thick, decurrent, stiff, pungent ; peduncles lateral, crowded. Ij . S. Native of Monte Video. Paradoxical Condalia. Shrub 4 feet. Cult. These shrubs will grow well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and ripened cuttings will root freely, planted in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them. V. BERCHE'MIA (Berchem, probably the name of some botanist). Neck. elem. 2. p. 122. D. C. prod. 2. p. 22. Brogn. mem. Rham. 49. — GEnoplia, Hedw. f. gen. 1. p. 151, — CEno- plia, Scludt. syst. 5. p. 9C2. Lin. syst. Penldndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a hemis- pherical tube, and 5 erect segments (f. 4. E. a.). Petals 5, con- volute (f 4. E. c. d.). Stamens inclosed within the petals (f. 4. E. c). Anthers ovate, 2-celled. Disk annular (f 4. E. /.), rather flat. Ovary half immersed in the disk, 2-celled (f 4. E. e.). Style simple, short, bifid at apex. Fruit dry, indehis- cent, 2-celled (f. 4. E. g.). Seeds adhering to the testa of the pericarp. — Erect or climbing shrubs, with alternate, many- nerved, entire leaves, and with the flowers subunibellate in the axillae of the upper leaves, or disposed in terminal panicles. * Climhing shrubs. 1 B. volu'bilis (D. C. prod. 2. p. 22.) branches smooth, a little twining ; leaves oval, mucronate, a little wavy ; racemes axillary and terminal ; drupe oblong, violaceous. >? • v^. H. Native of Carolina and Virginia. Rh.imnus volubilis, Lin. fil. suppl. 132. Jacq. icon. rar. t. 336. Zizyphus voiiibilis, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1102. CEnoplia volubilis, Scludt. syst. 5. p. 332. Flowers greenish-yellow. Authors attribute to the roots anti- syphilitic properties. rwiH/n^ Berchemia. Fl. June, July. CIt. 1714. Shrub el. 2 B. floribu'nda (Brogn. in mem. rhamn. p. 50.) unarmed, smooth, w^ith rambling branches ; leaves ovate, acute, quite entire, retuse at the base, glaucous beneath ; panicle large, ter- minal ; flowers racemose ; drupe somewhat cylindrical. f; . S. Native of Nipaul, at Thankote and Sankoo, and on Chundrugiri. E 2 28 RHAMNEjE. v. Berciiemia. VI. Ventilago. VII. Segeretia. Zizyphus floribundus, Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 368. Flowers small, white. Bundle-flowered Berchcmia. Fl. May, July. Shrub rambl. 3 B. flave'scens (Brogn. in mem. rhamn. p. 50.) unarmed, smooth, climbing ; leaves oblong-ovate, acute, glaucous, quite entire ; racemes terminal, simple ; flowers fascicled. '; . ^. G. Native of Nipaul, about Gosainsthan. Zizyphus flavescens. Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 367. Flowers white. Yclloivish Berchemia. Fl. July. Shrub cl. 4 B. cALorHY'LLA ; climbing ; armed with solitary, short, recurved prickles ; leaves ovate-oblong, smooth, glossy, 3- nerved, veinless, minutely crenulated ; corymbs terminal, pani- cled. ^ . ^. S. Native of Pulo-Pinang. Zizyphus calo- phylla, Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 3G7. ' Beautiful-leaved Berchemia. Fl. Jan. Shrub cl. * * Stems erect. 5 B. LiNEA~TA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 23.) branches downy, im- armed ; leaves ovate, repand, netted beneath ; flowers herma- phrodite. T? . G. Native of China. Rhamnus lineatus. Lin. amoen. 4. p. 308. — Osb. it. 219. t. 7. Leaves of a beautiful yellowish-green colour beneatli, with red veins. Flowers whitish. />Mifc(-leaved Berchemia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1804. Sh. 8 ft. 6 B. ? Poirettia'na (D. C. prod. 2. p. 23.) branches pubes- cent ; stipulas small, spiny ; leaves ovate, netted ; flowers solitary ; fruit roundish. fj . S. Native of the East Indies. Rhamnus lineiltus, Poir. diet. 4. p. 473.— Pluk. aim. 1. p. 122. f. 4. Potrett's Berchemia. Shrub 6 feet. 7 B.Loureiria'na (D. C. prod. 2. p. 23.) branches smooth, procumbent, with scattered prickles ; leaves ovate, somewhat crenated, flat ; flowers 10-petalled, pentandrous ; drupes oblong- ovate, scabrous, 2-celled. It . G. Native of Cochin-china, in hedges and among bushes. Rhamnus line-^tus. Lour. fl. coch. 159. but not of Lin. Flowers white, numerous on the peduncles. Drupe small, red. A decoction of the root is deobstruent and diuretic. Loureiro's Berchemia. Shrub 8 feet, trailing. N.B. B. Burma nniana, D. C. prod. 2. p. 23., Rhamnus, &c. Burm. zeyl. p. 198. t. 88. belongs to Euphorbiacecc not far from /hidrdchne. Cult. B. voluhilis will grow in any common soil, and is well adapted for bowers or trellis-work. It may be increased by ripened cuttings, and slips of the root, planted under a hand- glass, or by laying down the young shoots. The other species will grow freely in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will strike root in a pot of sand, under a hand-glass. VI. VENTILA'GO (from vcnlUo, to be exposed to wind, and ago, to drive away ; in allusion to the fruit being winged, w Inch causes them to be scattered away by the wind). Gjert. fruct. 1. p. 223. t. 49. Brogn. mem. Rhamn. p. 50. D. C. prod. 1. p. 38. LiN. sYST. Pcntdndria, jMonogi'jina. Calyx spreading, 5- cleft (f. 4. D. c). Petals 5, obovate, convolute (f 4. D. a.). Stamens exserted (f. 4. D. h.). Anthers ovate, 2-celled. Disk fleshy, flat. Ovary immersed in the disk, 2-celled. Style com- pressed, short, bidentate (f. 4. Ti. j.). Fruit indehiscent, woody (f. 4. D. /(.), 1-celled, 1-seeded, with the upper part drawn out into a wing (f. 4. D. k.). — Large, climbing shrubs, with stiflfsmooth branches, alternate, short-stalked, coriaceous, smooth, serrulated leaves, which are oblique at the base, and with the flowers disposed in long axillary racemes, which are eitjier soli- tary, twin, or in threes. 1 V. Madrasi'ata'na (Gaert. 1. c.) leaves bifarious, ovate- oblong, serrulated ; racemes disposed in terminal panicles, h^ . ^. S. Native of the East Indies, in forests and other imcul- tivated places, atnongst the moimtains, very common in the north of Bengal. Roxb. cor. 1. t. 76. Flowers numerous, small, greenish-white. This plant is generally dioecious. The smell of the flowers is very offensive, not unlike that of StercuUa fw'tida. While young the stem and flexuous branches are striped with white lines, which elegantly contrast with the smooth green bark, not unlike what is observed in A'cer striatum. This is most probably the Funis viminalis of Runiph. amb. 3. t. 2. Var. /3, denticuldta (Willd. in nov. act. berl. 3. p. 417.) leaves crenulated, pubescent beneath. ^t • w S. Native of the East Indies near Samulcotta. Far. y, hracteata (Heyne, mss.) floral leaves long, villous. Tj . ^. S. Native of Silhet in the East Indies. Madras VcntWago. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. Shrub cl. 2 V. cinera'scens ; leaves full of parallel veins, oval, acute, quite entire, smooth, cinereous beneath ; racemes terminal ; pe- d eels in fascicles. Ij . ,^. S. Native of Java. Rhamnus cine- rascens ? Blum, bijdr. 1141. Cinereous Ventilago. Shrub cl. 3 V. OBLONGIFOLIA (Blum. bijdr. 1144.) leaves oblong, acu- minated, obliquely rounded at the base, serrated, tomentose in the axils of the veins beneath ; racemes interrupted, leafy. Ij . ^. S. Native of Java. Oblong-leaved Ventilago. Shrub cl. Cult. See Berchemia for culture and propagation. VII. SEGERE'TIA (named in honour of M. Segeret, mem- ber of the Royal Agricultural Society of Paris, a vegetable physiologist). Brogn. mem. Rhamn. p. 52. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogtjnia. Calyx pitcher-shaped, 5-cleft (f. 4. F. a.). Petals 5, convolute or cucullate (f 4. F. e.). Stamens bearing ovate, 2-celled anthers (f. 4. F. c). Disk fleshy, cup-shaped, girding the ovary. Ovary almost immersed in the disk, 3-celled (f. 4. F. d.). Style short, thick (f 4. F. g.). Fruit unknown. Stigmas 3, sessile, or 3-lobed. — Shrubs with slender branches, which are usually spinesccnt. Leaves nearly opposite, on short petioles, lanceolate, or oblong, serrated, feather-nerved. Flowers small, solitary, or glomerated, disposed in simple or branched, interrupted, stiff", spreading, axillary, or terminal spikes. * Sjnny. 1 S. TiiEE*sANS (Brogn. in mem. rhamn. p. 53.) branches divaricate, spiny at the apex ; leaves ovate, smooth, serrulated ; flowers somewhat panicled, glomerated, in terminal spikes. Ij . G. Native of China. Rhamnus theesans, Lin. mant. 207. R. thea, Osb. itin. 232. Flowers greenish ? The poor in China make use of the leaves of this plant instead of the true tea, probably from its astringency and perfume. They call it Tia. Var. ft, Integra ; leaves entire, mucronate. ^ . G. Dum. Cours. hot. cidt. G. p. 258. Tea Segeretia. Fl. May, June. Clt.? Shrub 4 feet. 2 S. sricA'TA (Brogn. in mem. rhamn. p. 53.) branches cy- lindrical, smooth, lateral ones spiny ; leaves lanceolate, acumin- ated, serrulated, quite smooth, with 2 stipulas at the base of each ; spikes simple, stiff", divaricate, axillary, and terminal. h . S. Native of Peru. Spieate-Rowered Segeretia. Shrub 4 feet. 3 S. Blu'mii ; leaves veiny, nearly opposite, ovate-lanceo- late, acuminated, rather cordate at the base, serrulated, shining above, young ones furfuraceous beneath ; spikes axillary, fili- form, hardly longer than the leaves, and terminal, panicled. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies and Java. Rhamnus filiformis. Roth, nov. spec. \53.''. Blum, bijdr. 1140. Blumc's branched Segeretia. Shrub 6 feet. Rr^AMNE^. VII. Segerictia. VIII. Riiamnus. •29 4 S. OI'POSITIFOLIA (Brogn. iiiom. iliaiiiii. ]i. fili.) Iiianclios round, climbing ; leaves and braiidus tr\ily opposite, and with short straight thorns, ivhicii grow out into hranclu's ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrulated, acuminated, somewhat retiisc at the base ; racemes axillary and terminal, short, villous, the whole forming a pretty large brachiate panicle ; Hovvers fascicled. ^ . ^. G. Native of Nipaul at Cokurna in the valley. Zizy- phiis oppositifolia, Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 370. Flowers greenish. Oppositc-leiired Segeretia. Fl. Ang. Sept. Shrub cl. 5 S. affi'nis ; leaves veiny, nearly oppo^ite, ovate-oblong, long-acuminated, rounded at tlie base, serrulated, smooth ; spikes panicled, axillary, and terminal, shorter than the leaves, ij . S. Native of Java. Khamnns aH inis, Blum, bijdr. II 11. ' Aliu'd Segeretia. Shrub 8 feet. () S. iiAMtSsA (Brogn. mem. rhamn. p. 53.") branches round, climbing, opposite ; spines hooked ; leaves oblonu, acuminated, serrulated, villous at the origin of the nerves ; flowers fascicled, disposed in short, panicled, villous, terminal racemes, y^ . ,^,G. Native of Nipaul, at Chundrugiri, where it climbs over trees and shrubs to a great extent. Zizyphus hamosa. Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. S()9. Thorns slightly curved. Flowers greenish. //oo/ii (/-thorned Segeretia. Fl. Aug. Shrub cl. 7 S. TRIGYNA ; climbing; branches round; leaves ovate, acuminated, smooth, shining, serridated, retuse at the base ; flowers glomerate, disposed in spikes, forming a terminal panicle; petioles and branchlets pubescent ; styles 3. ^ • ^- G. Native of Nipaid, in mountain woods. Rhamnus trigynus and termi- nMis, Hamilt. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 190. Shrub spinose. Trigijnmis Segeretia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Shrub cl. 8 S. Guayaquile'nsis (Brogn. mem. rhamn. p. 53.) much branched ; branches quadrangular ; spines scattered, awl-shaped ; leaves elliptical, mucronate, hoary beneath ; flowers sessile, scattered on the spikes ; stigmas 3. Ij . S. Native on the shore of the Pacific ocean, near Guayaquil. Rhamnus Guaya- quilensis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 54. Guayaquil Segeretia. Shrub G feet. 9 S. sENiicosis (Brogn. mem. rhamn. p. 53.) shrub very spiny, almost leafless ; branches round ; spines decussately- opposite, very long ; leaves ovate, somewhat quintuple, nerved ; flowers rising above the base of the spines in glomerated fasci- cles ; stigma trifid. (^ . S. Native of Peru, in hot places, near Contumasay. Colletia spicata, Willd. in Schult. syst. 5. p. 513. Rhamnus scnticosus, II. B. et Kuntli, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 54. Fruit globose, 1-3-seeded. Flowers green. Thorny Segeretia. Shrub G feet. 10 S. decussa'ta; brandies angular, elongated ; leaves ovate- oblong, acute, quite entire, somewhat coriaceous, quite smooth ; spines axillary, decussate, spreading, stiff"; flowers disposed on long spikes; spikes conjugate at the base of the spines, and are 3-times longer than them. ^ . S. Native of Peru. Rham- nus decuss^ta, herb. Pav. This is probably the same as the preceding species. Z)ec!(ssarub cl. Cult. The hardy kinds of this genus are well fitted for shrub- beries ; they are increased by ripened cuttings or slips of the roots, planted under a hand-glass, but they are generally pro- pagated by laying the branches. For the culture and propaga- tion of the stove and greenhouse species see Berchemia, p. 28. FIG. 5. VIII. RHA'iMNUS (from the Celtic word ram, signifying a tuft of branches, which the Greeks have changed to ^«i/jroc, and the Latins to ramus). Lam. diet. 4. p. 4G1. ill. t. 128. Ga?rt. fruct. 2. p. lOG. D. C. prod. 2. p. 23. Brogn. mem. rhamn. p. 53. Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogyina. Calyx urceolate, 4-5- cleft (f. 5. C. 6. A. a.). Petals wanting or emarginate (f. 5. C. c). Stamens bearing ovate 2-celled antiiers (f. 5. A. (/. B. b.). Disk thin, covering the tube of the calyx (f 5. B. d. A. e. C. e.). Ovary free, 3-4-celled (f. 5. A. h.f.). Styles 3-4 (f. 5. A. g.). connected or free. Fruit baccate, containing 3-4-indehiscent nuts (f. 5. A.^'. B.y".), rarely only 2 from abortion. — Small trees or shrubs, with alternate, stipulate, short, stalked, entire or toothed, 50 RHAMNE-S;. VIII. Rhamnus. usually smootli leaves, which are permanent and coriaceous, or caducous, with feather nerves ; in those with the permanent leaves the nerves are either vaguely branched, or in otliers ap- proximating. Plants possessing strong purgative qualities. Sect. I. Marcore'lla. Neck, eleni. 2. p. 122. Rhamnus and Alaternus of Tourn. Flowers usually dioecious, and 1- cleft. Seeds deeply i'urrowed with the raphe in the bottom of tlie furrow. Embryo curved. Leaves usually permanent, vaguely veined. § 1. Alaternus (from alternus, alternate; leaves). Tourn, inst. t. 366. Flowers racemose, 5-clefl (f 5. A. a. e.). Ever- green shrubs. 1 R. alate'rnus (Lin. sjiec. 281.) leaves ovate-elliptical or lanceolate, coriaceous, quite smooth, serrated ; flowers dioecious, disposed in short racemes. T^ . H. Native of the south of Europe and the nortli of Africa. Duh. ed. nov. 3. p. 42. t. 14. Alaternus Phylica, Mill. diet. no. 1. fig. t. 16. f. 1. Flowers green, without any corolla. Far. a, Balcdricus (Hort. par.) leaves roundish ; stipulas awl- shaped, and are, as well as tlie branchlets, somewhat spiny. Rh. rotundifolius, Dum. Cours. 6. p. 260. Var. /3, Hispdnicus (Hort. par.) leaves ovate, a little toothed. Var. y, vulgaris (D. C. prod. 2. p. 23.) leaves ovate, ser- rated. J'ar. c, angnstifblius (Mill. fig. t. IC. f. 2.) leaves almost linear-lanceolate. Tj . H. Rh. Cliisii, Willd. enum. 1. p. 250. — Clust. hist. 1. p. 50. Lob. icon. 2. t. 134. There are several other varieties, as 1. The Smooth Alaternus. 2. The Entire-leaved Alaternus. 3, The Spotted-leaved Alater- nus. 4. The Gold-striped-leaved Alaternus. 5. The Silver striped-leaved Alaternus. The flowers o{ A laternus are said not to be perfectly dioecious. The fresh shoots and leaves will dye wool yellow. The honey breathing blossoms, says Evelyn, afford an early and marvellous relief to the bees, as they open in April. Clusius reports that the fishermen in Portugal dye their nets red with a decoction of the bark ; and that dyers there use small pieces of the wood to strike a blackish-blue colour. Tlie Alaternus was much more in request formerly than at present, having been planted against walls in court-yards to cover them, as also to form evergreen hedges in gai'dens, for which purpose it is very improper, for the branches shoot too vigorously, and are easily broken, and dis- placed by the wind. It is still, however, used in towns for covering walls, but chiefly to make a variety in ornamental plantations. Alaternus. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1629. Shrub 20 feet. 2 R. iiy'eeidus (Lher. sert. t. 5.) leaves oblong, acuminated, serrated, smooth, shining, hardly permanent, rather coriaceous ; flowers androgynous. Ij . H. Tliis plant has been raised in the gardens from R. alaternus and R. alpinus. R. Burgundiacus, Hort. par. R. sempervirens, Hortulan. Flowers green. Hybrid Alaternus. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1G29. Shrub 12 ft. 3 R. GLANDULOsus (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 265.) leaves ovate, bluntly-serrated, smooth beneath, in the axillae of the lower veins glandular ; flowers hermaphrodite, racemose. Tj . G. Na- tive of the Canary islands, in woods on the mountains. Vent, malm. t. 34. Flowers green. G/aHc/«/«r-leaved Alaternus. Fl.Ju.Jul, Clt. 1785. Sh.l5ft. 4 R. iNTEGRiFOLius (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 1,'JG. exclu- sive of the country,) leaves elliptical-oblong, mucronate, quite entire ; flowers hermaphrodite, racemose. tj . G. Native of Tcneriffe, on the highest peak, R. coriaceus, Nees hort. phys. p. 114. t. 22. Brouss. in Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 291. Young leaves flat, adult ones boat-shaped. Flowers green, apetalous. Entire-leaved Mniexaws. Clt. 1822. Shrub 2 feet 5 R. iNCA^KUs (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 350.) leaves ovate-lan- ceolate, entire, smooth above, hoary beneatli ; corymbs on small axillary branchlets ; flowers hermaphrodite ; style 3-cleft. fj . S. Native of the Moluccas. Flowers very numerous, small, green- ish-yellow. Calyx villous on the outside. Hoary Buck-thorn. Shrub 10 feet. § 2. Rhamnus (see genus for derivation). Flowers in fascicles, 5-cleft. G R. LONGiFOLius (Link, enura. 1. p. 228. Dum. Cours. bot. cult. 6. p. 260.) leaves oval-oblong, acute at both ends, serrated, smooth, shining, pilose in the axillae of the veins beneath. Tj . H. Native of? R. Willdenovianus, Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 295. Flowers green. Zono -/rated Buck-thorn. Fl. ? Clt. 1822. Shrub 8 feet. 7 R. PRiNOiDEs (Lher. sert. 6. t. 9.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, serrated, shining ; flowers on pedicels, axillary, usually twin, polygamous, h . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Zizyphus lucidus, Mocnch. suppl. 101. Drupe black. Stigmas 3. Flowers green or white. Prinos-like Buck-thorn. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1778. Sh. 10 ft. 8 R. Celtidifolius (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 72.) leaves ovate, serrated, smooth ; flowers on pedicels, axillary, solitary, apeta- lous. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — Burm. afr. t. 88. Flowers green. Celtis-leaved Buck-thorn. Fl. April, June. Clt. ? Shrub. § 3 Flowers 4-cleft (f. 5. B. a. c), in fascicles. * Branchlets terminating in a thorn. 9 R. catha'rticus (Lin. spec. 280.) erect ; leaves ovate, toothed ; flowers in fascicles, polygamo- dioecious, berries 4- seeded, rather globose. T; . H. Native of Europe, in hedges and groves; plentiful in England. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1629. Woodv. med. bot. t. 114. Oed. fl. dan. t. 850. Duh. ed. nov. 3. t. 10. This is the white-thorn of the modern Greeks. It is a rigid bush ; its branches terminating in strong thorns. There is a variety of it with 5-cleft flowers, and unarmed branches. The flowers yellowish-green, with very narrow petals, and a deep 4-cleft style. Berries globular, blueish-black when ripe, size of a pea. The juice of the unripe berries has the colour of saffron, and is used for staining maps or paper ; these are sold under the name of French berries. The juice of the ripe berries mixed with alum is the sap-green of the painters ; but if the berries be gathered late in the autumn the juice is purple. The bark affords a beautiful yellow dye. The inner bark or liber, as well as the berries, like that of elder, is said to be a strong cathartic, and to excite vomiting. The berries are nauseous, and violently purgative, occasioning thirst and dry- ness in the mouth and throat, accompanied usually with severe griping of the bowels, unless some diluting liquor be taken plentifully with them. The juice made into a syrup is the offi- cinal preparation called Buck-thorn. About an ounce of this is a moderate dose, and it was formerly employed as a hydro- gogue ; but it is now falling into disuse, and is rarely prescribed except in conjunction with other medicines of this class. It is said even that the flesh of birds which feed upon these berries is purgative. Jar. ft, Hydriensis (Jacq. earn. 2. t. 2.) larger leaves taper- ing to the base. fj . H. Native about Hydria. Purging Buck-thorn. Fl. May. Britain. Shrub 12 feet. 10 II. virga'tus (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 351.) erect; branchlets terminating in a spine ; leaves nearly opposite, oblong, ventri- cose, serrated ; flowers around the base of the young shoots, and axillary, tern ; stigmas 2-3-cleft. ^ . H. Native of Nipaul, and the Nelligery mountains. R. catharticus, Hamilt. mss. RHAMNEiE. VIII. Riiamnus. 31 Leaves usually alternate. Flowers very small, yellow. Calyx seldom j-clcft. Berries ^-S-seeded. Branches twiggy, the lateral hranchlets terminated in a thorn. y'/Wony liuck-thoru. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Shrub 12 ft. 11 1\. TiNCTORius (Walds. et Kit. pi. rar. hunt;. 3. p. 255.) erect ; leaves ovate, crenate-serratcd ; petioles villous ; flowers crowded, dioecious ; berries obcordate, 3-4-sccded. ^ . H. Native of Hungary, in hedges. H. cardiospernius, Willd. herb. Flowers greenish-yellow. The berries arc used for dying as well as the inner bark. Z)i/cri' Buck-thorn. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Sh. 8 feet. 12 R. iNFECTORirs (Lin. mant. 4!).) procumbent or diffuse ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrulated, smoothish ; flowers dioecious, bearing petals in both sexes. I^ . H. Native of the south of Europe, in rough places, and in the fissures of rocks. — Clus. hist. 1. p. 111. with a figure. — Ardu. mem. 78. t. 11. Flowers greenish-yellow, with two reflexed stigmas. The unripe berries are iinich used for dyeing, and are imported in great quantities into England imder the name of Grain d'.lvignon or Avignon berries. They are what give the yellow colour to Turkey leather or yellow Morocco. /))/('r4'' or Avignon-berry. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1683. Shrub procumbent. 13 R. sAXATiLis (Lin. spec. 1671.) procumbent or erectish ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrulated, smoothish ; flowers dioecious, female ones destitute of petals. Ij . H. Native of the south of Europe, among rocks, in Austria, Switzerland, Italy, and Greece. Jacq. austr. t. 53. R. longifolius, Mill. diet. Flowers greenish- yellow. Berries black, containing 3 whitish seeds, each inclosed in a dry whitish membrane, separating into two parts with elastic force. The unripe berries of the species are also sup- posed to be Avignon berries. See R. infectorius. Branches with a few long thorns. /fori- Buck-thorn. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1752. Shrub pro- cumbent. 14 R. OLEOiDES (Lin. spec. 279.) diffuse or somewhat erect; leaves oblong, obtuse, entire, coriaceous, smooth, with netted veins beneath. Jj . H. Native of Sicily, Mauritania, Spain, and Greece, in the fissures of rocks. Desf. atl. 1. p. 197. Flowers greenish-yellow. Berry juiceless, 2-celled, 2-seeded. Olive-like Buck-thorn. Fl. Ju." July. Clt. 1752. Shrub 3 ft. 15 R. BUxiFOLirs (Poir. diet. 4. p. 463.) diffuse; leaves ovate, quite entire, mucronate, smooth, coriaceous, green on both surfaces. Tj . H. Native of Numidia. Flowers greenish-yel- low. According to Desf. this is only a variety of the preceding. Perhaps this is R. buxifolius, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 301. Box-leaved Buck-thorn. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Sh. 3 ft. 16 R. pube'scens (Poir. diet. 4. p. 464.) difl'use ; leaves ovate, quite entire, coriaceous, pubescent. ^ . H. Native of the south of France, and of the Levant. R. oleoldes, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 545. ed. 3. no. 4075. This is probably only a variety R. oleoldes. Pubescent Buck-thorn. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1817. Shrub 3 feet. 17 R. AMYGDALiNus (Dcsf. atl. 1. p. 198.) diftusc ; leaves permanent, lanceolate, obtuse, almost entire, coriaceous, smooth, not netted beneath. Tj . H. Native of the north of Africa, and the islands of the Archipelago, in the fissures of rocks. Flowers greenish-yellow. The Avignon berries or yellow ber- ries are also obtained from this shrub, as well as from R. infec- torius, tinclbrius:, saxdlilis, oleoldes, buxifolius, and pubescens. Almond-lihe Buck-thorn. Fl. June, July. Clt. Shrub 3 feet. 18 R. rERSiciFOLius (Moris, stirp. sard. 4to. fasc. 2.) erect; branches spiny at the apex ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, crenated, obtuse, reticulately-veined, and pilose beneath. (; • H- Native of .Sardinia. Peach-leaved Buck-thorn. Shrub. 1 19 R. crenula'tus (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 263.) erect; leaves oblong, somewhat serrated, permanent, smooth, netted with veins beneath. f; . G. Native of Tenerifte, on the mountains. Flowers greenish-yellow. Cre«»/«a/iMrwH Buck-thorn. Fl. May,Ju. Ch. 1817. Shrub 5 feet. 29 R. ALXiioLius ( Lher. sert. p. 5.) erect ; leaves obovate or ovate, serrulated, oblieiuely-lined, with lateral nerves, acuminat- ed or obtuse, snioothish beneath, except the nerves ; flowers hermaphrodite or dioecious; pedicels 1-flowered, aggregate; calyxes acute ; fruit turbinate. I; . H. Native of North Ame- rica. ^Mcr-Zeniierf Buck -thorn. Fl.Ju. July. Clt. 1778. Sh. 8 feet. ,'JO R. FRANGULOiDES (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 153.) leaves oval, serrated, pubescent on the nerves beneath ; flowers hermaphrodite; pedicels 1-flowered. Pj . H. Native of North America, from Canada to Carolina, on dry hills, near rivers. Flowers green. Berries black. Leaves small. Frangula-Uke Buck-thorn. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1810. Sh. 8 feet. 31 R. PuRsniA~Nus (D. C. prod. 2. p. 25.) erect; leaves oval, toothletted, short-acuminated, with a small cordate recess at the base, pubescent on the nerves beneath ; peduncles twice bifid ; berries depressed, globose. ^i . H. Native of North America, on the banks of the Kooskoosky. R. alnifolius, Pursh, fl. sept. amer. 1. p. 1G6. but not of Lher. Berries purple, very highly esteemed among the natives. Pursh's Buck-thorn. Fl. May, June. Shrub 6 feet. 32 R. serrulVtus (H. B. et Kunth, nov. sp. amer. 7. p. 51. t. 617.) shrubby ; branches villously hairy ; leaves oblong, acute at both ends, sharply serrated, smooth, clammy ; peduncles axil- lary, solitary, single-fruited. I^ . G. Native of Mexico, in the plains near St. Augustin de las Guevas, Flowers greenish- yellow. Sernilated-\ea.vedi Buck-thorn. Shrub C feet. 33 R. Californicus (Eschscholtz, mem. acad. scienc. peterb. 10. p. 281.) unarmed; flowers hermaphrodite, monogynous, in fascicled umbels ; berry 2-seeded ; leaves oval, serrulated. Ij . H. Native of California. Californian Buck-thorn. Shrub. 34 R. microphv'llus (Willd. in Schult. syst. 5. p. 295.) shrubby, procumbent, much branched ; branches twisted ; branchlets hairy ; leaves linear-lanceolate, obtuse, almost entire, smooth ; peduncles solitary, axillary ; flowers .5 -cleft, herma- phrodite, monogynous. I^ • G. Native of Mexico. Flowers greenish-yellow. This shrub has the habit of R. oleoldes, but with the flowers 5 or 6-cleft, and the style simple, and 2-lobed at the apex. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 51. t. 616. Synalt-Unved Buck-thorn. Clt. 1823. Shrub trailing. 35 R. ALprNus (Lin. spec. 280.) erect, twisted ; leaves oval- lanceolate, crenate-serrated, smooth, lined with many parallel nerves ; flowers dioecious, female ones w ith 4-cleft stigmas. fj . H. Native of the Alps of Switzerland, Dauphiny, Austria, and Carniola. Duh. ed. 2. vol. 3. t. 13. Hall. hist. no. 823. t. 40. Berries black. Flowers greenish. Aljiine Buck-thorn. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1752. Shrub 4 feet. 36 R. pu'milus (Lin. mant. 49.) plant procumbent, much branched ; leaves ovate, serrated, smooth ; flowers hermaphro- dite, tj . H. Native of Mount Baldo, and the Alps, and Car- niola, in the fissures of rocks. Stigma 3-cleft. Flowers green- ish-yellow, with the stamens white. R. rnpestris. Scop. cam. l.t. 5. Dn'fl)/ Buck-thorn. Fl.Ju. July. Clt. 1752. Sh. procumbent. Sect. II. Fra'ngula {fvomfrartgo, to break). Tourn. inst. t. 383. D. C. prod. 2. p. 2G. Brogn. mem. rhanin. p. 55. Flowers hermaplirodite, rarely dioecious, 5-eleft (f 5. C. «.), sometimes 4-cleft (f. 5. C. a.). Seeds smooth, compressed, with the hylum white and exserted, and xvith the raphe lateral on the surface of the inner testa. Embryo flat. Leaves membranous, caducous, quite entire, lined with apjnoximate parallel nerves. 37 R. Carolinia'kis (Walt. car. p. 101.) erect; leaves oval- oblong, almost entire, smooth ; umbels stalked ; flowers herma- phrodite; berries globose. fj . H. Native of North America, Virginia, and Carolina, in woods and swamps. Flowers green- ish 4-cleft. Stigma 2-lobed. Berries black, 4-seeded. ra)-o/;«m?! Buck-thorn. Fl. May, Jii. Clt. 1818. Sh. 6 feet. 38 R. FRANciur.A (Lin. spec. 280.) leaves oval, quite entire, lined with 10 or 12 lateral nerves, and are, as well as the calyx, smooth ; flowers hermaphrodite. y> . H. Native of Europe, in woods and thickets. In England, but rare in Scotland. Flowers whitish, 5-cleft. Berries dark-purple, each containing 2 large seeds. Pedimcles 1-flowered, aggregate. Smith, engl. bot. t. 250. Oed. fl. dan. t. 278. From a quarter to half an ounce of the inner bark or liber, boiled in water or beer, is violently purgative. In dropsies or constipation of the bowels in cattle it is a certain purgative. The berries gathered before they are ripe dye wool green and yellow, when ripe blue and green. The bark dyes yellow, and with preparations of iron black. The flowers are particidarly grateful to bees. Goats devour the leaves voraciously, and sheep will eat them. Char- coal prepared from the wood is preferred by the makers of gun- powder. The berries are sometimes mixed by herb gatherers with those of the true Buck-thorn, R. cathditicus, or substituted for them, but the smaller number of seeds betrays the deception. Their qualities perhaps dift'er very little. Breaking or Alder Buck-thorn, or Berry-bearing Alder. Fl. May. Britain. Shnib 3 to 10 feet. 39 R. latifolius (Lher. sert. 5. t. 8.) leaves eUiptical, acu- minated, quite entire, lined with 12 or 15 lateral nerves; younger leaves and calyxes villous ; flowers hermaplirodite. Ij . G. Native of the Azores, on the inountains of St. Michael. Flowers greenish. Stigma slightly 3-cleft. £;oa(/-/«/ierf Buck-thorn. Fl. July. Clt. 1778. Shrub 5 ft. 40 R. SANGUINEUS (Pers. ench. 1. p. 239.) leaves ovate or oblong, acuminated, quite entire, lined, and are, as well as the calyxes, smooth ; flowers hermaphrodite, fascicled, axillary. Tj . H. Native of Galicia, on the banks of rivers. R. sanguino, &c. Ort. dec. 87. Young branches red. Flowers greenish. ZJ/oo(/(/- branched Buck-thorn. Shrub 6 feet. 41 R. Humboldtia'nus (Schult. syst. 5. p. 295. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 52. t. 618.) branches and leaves smooth, alternate, and opposite, oblong-elliptical, obtuse, rounded at the base, quite entire, beneath as well as the calyxes beset with glandidar dots ; peduncles axillary, 3-6-flowered ; flowers somewhat umbellate ; stigmas 2-lobed. Ij . S. Native of South America, between Totonilco el Grande and Actopan, near the village of Magdalena. R. franguloides, \^ illd. herb, but not of Michx. Fruit 2-celled, cells 2-seeded. Flowers white. This species differs from all the others in the cells of the fruit being 2-seeded, and in the leaves being for the most part opposite. HuviboldCs Buck-thorn. Tree. Sect. III. ? Antirha'mnus (from anti and rhdnmus). D. C. prod. 2. p. 20. Leaves opposite, bistipulate. Flowers axillary. Fruit 2-celled. — Unarmed species not sufficiently known. Na- tives of Mexico. They should perhaps be joined with Ceanb- thus or separated into a distinct genus. 42 R. umbella'tus (Cav. icon. 6. p. 2. t. 504.) leaves ovate, acute, entire, lined with feather nerves, snioothish ; peduncles axillary, bearing an umbel of 4 or 5 flowers. Tj . G. Native of Mexico. Segments of calyx each with 2 hollows inside. Flowers reddish. i/wi6c/-flowered Buck-thorn. Shrub 6 feet. RHAMNE^. VIII. RiiAMMs. IX. Scutia. 33 43 R. BiNiFLOBUs (Moc. ct Sessc, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 2. p. 26.) leaves entire, oval, acute at both ends, lined with featlier nerves ; peduncles axillary, 2-Howered. 5j . G. Native of Mexico. This is perhaps sulHciently distinct from the preceding species. Tivin-Jloircrcd Buck-thorn. Shrub, 44 R. TKRNULoRvs (iMoc. et Scsse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 2. p. 26.) leaves somewhat acute, toothed, rusty beneath as well as the branchlets ; ])edicels 3, axillary, 1-flowercd. •t . G. Native of Mexico. Flowers greenish. Tern-Jiowered Buck-thorn. Shrub. t Specks doubtful to what genus they belong, perhaps manij of them should be placed in the genus Segere'tia and some in Scu'tia. • Unarmed. Leaves entire. 45 R. TETRAGoxus (Lin. fil. suppl. 153.) leaves opposite, ovate, smooth, sessile : flowers terminal, somewhat panicled, in- complete ; berries 1-cellcd, 1-seeded. ^2 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Probably a species of Scutia or Cea- nothus. TcZron'OHnZ-branched Buck-thorn. Cult. 1816. Shrub 6 feet. 46 R. POLiFOLiis (V;ihl. symb. 1. p. 768.) leaves alternate, lanceolate, downy-white beneath, as well as the branches ; flowers axillary, almost sessile, usually solitary, hermaphrodite, and usually trigynous. ^ . G. Native of New Zealand. Probably a species of Pumaderris. Poly-leaved Buck-thorn. Shrub. 47 R. zizYPHoiDES (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 768.) leaves ovate- lanceolate, acute, lioary and downy beneath ; flowers terminal, loosely panicled, hermaphrodite ; capsules baccate, containing 3 nuts, Ij . G. Native of the Society Islands. Probably a species of Scgeretia. Zizyphus-like Buck-thorn. Shrub. 48 R. MYRTisus (Burm. ind. p. 60.) leaves oblong-ovate, shining beneath. Pj . S. Native of Coromandel. Myrtle-like Buck-thorn. Shrub. 49 R. Brasilie'nsis (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 768.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, tapering at both ends, coriaceous, shining above ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, aggregate, rather hispid. T; . S. Native of Brazil. Brazilian Buck-thorn, Shrub. 50 R. RAMiFLORUs (Rich. act. soc. hist. nat. par. 107.) quite smooth ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, shining ; flowers minute in scattered bunches along the branches. 5^ . S. Native of Cayenne. Branched-Jlonercd Buck-thorn. Shrub. * * Unarmed. Leaves toothed or serrated. 51 R. ' cassinoIdes (Lam. in Poir. diet. 4. p. 474.) leaves ovate, coriaceous, glaucous, obsoletely toothed ; branches angu- lar : flowers axillary, almost sessile, 5-cleft. I; • S. Native of St. Domingo. Probably a species of Cassine. Cassine-like Buck-thorn. Shrub. 52 R. Quite'xsis (Humb. et Bonpl. in Schult. syst. 5. p. 295.) leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, mucronate, serrated, quite entire at the base, coriaceous ; peduncles solitary, axillary ; branches angular. ^^. S. Native of Peru in the province of Quito. Quito Buck-thorn. Shrub. 53 R. Wi'hhor (Luce in ind. hort. Dorp. 1824. p. 6.) com- pare with Luce topogr. von. den. ins. assel. Riga. 1823. JVihhor Buck-thorn. Shrub. 54 R. lanceola'tus (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 166.) ar- borescent, unarmed ; leaves lanceolate, serrulated, acute at both ends, pubescent beneath. >; . H. Native of Tenessee on the sides of hills. Berries black. VOL. 11. /.«Hcco/a?e(/-branched Snake-wood. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1758. Sh. 6 ft. 4 C. granulosa (Brogn. mem. rhamn. p. 62.) leaves ovate- oblong, acuminated, somewhat serrated from the middle, smooth, shining, with the nerves at the base pubescent, as well as the petioles ; peduncles axillary, short, dichotomous, umbellate. li . S. Native of Peru, in groves. Ceanothus granulosus, Ruiz et Pay. fl. per. 5. t. 228. f. h. Flowers white. Capsules round- ish, turbinate, with prominent ribs. Granular Snake-wood. Tree 24 feet. 5 C. TRiFLORA (Brogn. in mem. rhamn. p. 62.) leaves acute, crenulated, rusty beneath ; peduncles axillary, 3-flowered, or pedicels 3 together, 1 -flowered. Ij . G. Native of Mexico. Rhamnus triflorus, Moc. et Sesse in herb. Lamb. Flowers greenish-white. Three-fiomered Snake-wood. Shrub. 6 C. Cube'nsis (Brogn. mem. rhamn. p. 62.) leaves elliptical, oblong, acutish, quite entire, greenish-velvety above, hoary and downy beneath, as well as the branchlets and flowers ; peduncles axillary, corymbose, longer than the petioles. \ . S. Native of Cuba, in bushy places, as well as of St. Domingo. Ceano- thus Cubensis, Lam. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 49. Rhamnus Cuben- sis, Lin. Flowers cream-coloured. Sepals fringed. C'«i« Snake-wood. Fl. ? Clt. 1820. Shrub 8 feet. 7 C. Alama'ni ; leaves ovate, obtuse, serrulated, somewhat velvety and green above, hoary and downy beneath, as well as the branchlets and flowers ; peduncles axillary, corymbose, length of petioles. Tj . S. Native of Mexico. Cean6thus Ala- mani, D. C. prod. 2. p. 31. Leaves both opposite and alternate in the same branch. Alaman's Snake-wood. Shrub. 8 C. ? macroca'kpus ; leaves ovate, somewhat cordate at the base, roundish, serrated, downy beneath, as well as the branch- lets ; flowers axillary, glomerate ; fruit pendulous. Ij . S. Na- tive of New Spain. Ceanothus macrocarpus, Cav. icon. 3. t. 276. Flowers white. Long-fruited Snake-wood. Clt. 1 824. Shrub 6 feet. 9 C. ? pube'scens ; leaves ovate, acuminated, pubescent, acutely serrated; pedimcles axillary, very short ; dichotomous umbellate. ^ . S. Native of Peru, in groves. Ceanothus pubescens, Ruiz et Pav. fl. peru, 3. p. 6. t. 228. f. a. Flowers white. Fruit round, black. Pubescent Snake- wood. Tree 18 feet. 10 C. ? Mocinia'na ; leaves oval, entire, 1 -nerved, pubescent beneath, as well as the branchlets ; peduncles lateral, dichoto- mous, few-flowered. Ij . G. Native of Mexico. Ceanothus Mocinianus, D. C. prod. 2. p. 32. Ceanothus macrocarpus, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. but not of Cav. Calyx spreading much after the time of flowering. Mocino's Snake-wood. Clt. 1824. Shrub. * * Asiatic species. lie. Asia'tica (Brogn. mem. rhamn. p. 62.) leaves ovate, acuminated, serrulated, glossy, 3-nerved at the base ; peduncles axillary, branched, many-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Tq . S. Native of the East Indies, Ceylon, Mauritius, Nipaul, as well as on the western coast of equinoxial Africa. Ceanothus Asiaticus, Lin. spec. 284. Cav. icon. t. 440. f. 1. Lam. ill. t. 129. Tubanth^ra, Comm. mss. — Burm. zeyl. 111. t. 48. Rhamnus acumin^tus, Colebr. mss. Flowers small, yellowish- green, fragrant. Capsule round, obovate, about the size of a small gooseberry, 3-furrowed, 3-celled, 3-valved, 3-seeded. Seeds triangular, with a gibbous back. Asiatic Sna.ke-\\ooA. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1691. Shrub 16 feet. 12 C. Nipaule'nsis ; shrub erectish or rambling, with all the upper parts pubescent ; leaves somewhat bifarious, oblong, acu- minated, serrulated, smooth, and shining, with alternate nerves, the axilla? of which are hairy ; racemes terminal, panicled, pubes- cent. Ij . G. Native of Nipaul. Ceanothus Nipaulensis, Wall, fl. ind. 2. p. 375. Branches scabrous, and have a tendency to ramble over trees. Flowers small, green, fascicled, disposed in terminal racemes on the naked branches, interspersed with a number of small, lanceolate, floral leaflets, the whole forming a branchy panicle. Petals very small, yellowish, cucullate, con- cealing the stamens. Ovary 3-lobed. Style trifid. Fruit about the size of a pea at first, succulent, afterwards dry, con- RHAMNEiE. XV. Colubhina. XVI. Ceanotiius. 37 taining 3 nuts. This will prol)ably prove to be a species of Hillemitia. A'f^au/ Snake-wood. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1820. Sli. rambling. 13 C. ? tri'qi'ETra : leaves elliptical-ovate, finely acuminated, sharply serrulated, acute at the base, with parallel ])ubescent ribs, villous at their axilla; beneath ; peduncles axillary, short, fascicled, I -flowered ; capsules acutely ^-cornered. I; . G. Na- tive of Nipanl, at Shreenugur. Ceanothus triquetrus, Wall. fl. ind. i.'. p. ,'i7G. Leaves pubescent when young. Trkjiict roiis-ci\Ytsu\ed Snake-wood. Shrub. It CI I'l'BiFLoRA ; leaves elliptical-oblong, acute, serrated, smooth ; flowers axillary, crowded, velvety, on short pedicels. V; . S. Native of the island of Timor. Ceanothus pubiflorus, D. C. prod. 2. p. 30. Dorvnij-florvcrcd Snake-wood. Shrub. 1.5 C. Lesciienau'ltii ; leaves ovate, long-acuminated, some- what cordate at the base, crenulately-serrated, smooth above, hoary beneath from very minute down ; cymes axillary, many- flowered, almost sessile, length of petioles. T; . S. Native of Ceylon. Ceanotiius Leschenaiiltii, D. C. prod. 2. p. 30. Branches minutely-pubescent at the top, as well as the calyxes. LeschcnauW s Snake-wood. Shrub 10 feet. * * * African species. ICC. Guinee'nsis ; leaves elliptieal-oblong, acutish at both ends, quite entire, on short stalks ; cymes corymbose, many- flowered, axillary, hoary-velvety. ^ . S. Native of Guinea. Ceanothus? Guineensis, D.C. prod. 2. p. 30. Rhamnus pani- culatus, Thonn. Guinea Snake-wood. Shrub 6 feet. 17 C? mystaci'nus ; leaves cordate, obtuse, quite entire, smooth above, but rather hairy beneath ; branches ending in a tendril ; flowers axillary, umbellate. ^ . ^. G. Native of Abyssinia. Rhamnus mystachius. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. p. 266. Ceanothus? mystacinus, D. C. prod. 2. p. 31. Stem weak, climbing to a considerable extent by means of tendrils from the upper part of the branches. Flowers greenish-white. Ovary immersed in a snow-white glandular disk, filling the tube of the calyx. Stigma trifid. Bearded Snake-wood. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1775. Shrub cl. Cult. These plants are not worth cultivating except in general collections. A mixture of loam and peat will suit them well, and cuttings of young wood will root readily if planted in sand, and placed under a hand-glass ; those of the stove species require heat. XVI. CEANO'THUS (kcaywdoe, keanolhus, a name em- ployed by Theophrastus to designate a spiny plant, derived from «fcj, heo, to cleave ; however the modern genus has nothing to do with the plant of Theophrastus). Brogn. mem. rhamn. p. 62. — Ceanothus species, Lin. Juss. Lam. Ceanothus, sect. 2. Eucea- nothus, D. C. prod. 2. p. 31. LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Trigynia. Calyx with a sub-hemis- pherical tube, and 5 connivent segments (f. 6. C. i.). Petals 5, unguicidate, cucuUate (f. 6. C. c), deflexed. Stamens with ovate 2-celled anthers (f. 6. C. h.). Disk spongy, annular (f 6. C. d.). Ovary spherical, girded by the disk (f. 6. C. e.), 3-celled. Styles 3, diverging, terminated by small papiliform stigmas. Fruit tri- coccous (f. C. C /.), girded by the circumcised tube of the calyx (f. 6. C. g.). Seeds almost sessile (f. 6. C. c). — Smooth or pubescent shrubs, natives of North America, with erect branches, alternate, serrated, 3-nerved leaves, and very slender, white, blue or yellow flowers, disposed in terminal panicles or in axil- lary racemes. 1 C. azu'reus (Desf. cat. 1815. p. 232.) leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, acutely-serrated, smooth above, hoary and doivny be- neath ; thyrse elongated, axillary, with a downy rachis ; pedicels smooth. ^ . G. Native of Mexico, on the road to St. Angelo, Ker. hot. reg. t. 291. C. ca;ruleus, Lag. gcu. et spec. 1816. p. 11. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 110. C. bicolor, Willd. in Schuit. syst. 7. p. 65. ex fl. mex. icon, et descr. ined. Flowers pule-bluc. 'i"he bark is febrifug.nl. //^Mrt-flowered Red-root. Fl. Ap. May. Clt. 1818. Sh. lult. 2 C. TARDiFLoRUs (Horn. hort. hafn. 230.) leaves cordate, ovate, serrated, downy beneath ; thyrse elongated, axillary, l; . II. Native of North America. Perhaps only a variety of the following. Flowers white. Lale-Jlowcring Red-root. Fl. Sep. Nov. Clt. 1 820. Sh. 6 ft. 3 C. America'nus (Lin. spec. 284.) leaves ovate, acumi- nated, serrated, pubescent beneath ; thyrse elongated, axillary, with a pubescent rachis. I? . H. Native of North America, in dry woods, from Canada to Florida. Duham. arb. l.t. 51. Mill, fig. t. 57. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1479. Flowers small, white. Fruit bluntly trigonal. In North America this shrub is com- monly known by the name of New .Jersey lea, or Red-root, having been actually used in the American war as a substi- tute for tea. The Canadians use the infusion of the root in gonorrhoea, and other authors attribute to it antisyphilitic properties. It will dye wool a fine strong nankin-cinnamon colour. A beautiful shrub when in flower. American Red-root or New Jersey tea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1713. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 4 C. ova'tus (Desf arb. 2. p. 381.) leaves ovate or oval, serrated, smooth on both surfaces, as well as the peduncles ; thyrse short, axillary ? fj . H. Native of North America. Fruit somewhat globose, 6-ribbed. Flowers white. This plant is usually confounded in gardens with the preceding. Oi'a^c-leaved Red-root. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1818. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 5 C. pere'nnis (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 167.) leaves oval, somewhat serrated, smooth ; panicle thyrsoid, terminal, and axillary. 2/. H. Native of North America, on rocks near rivers, in Virginia and Carolina. C. herbaceus, Rafin. Tiie stems scarcely ever remain over winter, but die down to the root. Flowers white or yellow. Perennial Red-root. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1822. PI. 2 feet. 6 C, THYRSiFLoRus (Eschscholtz, mem. acad. scienc. peters. 10. p. 281.) leaves oval, 3-nerved, serrulated, smooth; stem many-angled ; panicle thyrsoid in the axillary branches. ^ . H. Native of New California. Thyrse-flou'crcd Ceanothus. Shrub. 7 C. iNTERMEDius (Pursh, fl. Sept. amer. 1. p. 167.) leaves oblong-oval, acute, mucronately-serrulated, triple-nerved, pu- bescent beneath. ; panicles axillary, on long peduncles, with loose corymbose pedicels. T? . H. Native of North America, in the woods of Tennessee. Leaves not one-fourth the size of those of C. Americanus. Flowers w'hite. Intermediate ReA-rooi. Fl. Ju. Jidy. Clt. 1812. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 8 C. SANGufNEUS (Pursh, fl. sept. amer. 1. p. 167.) leaves oblong-obovate, serrated, pubescent beneath ; panicles axillary, thyrsoid, on very short peduncles ; pedicels aggregate. ^j . H. Native of North America, near the Rocky Mountains, on the banks of the Missouri. Branches blood-red or purple. Panicles not longer than the leaves. Flowers white. i>7oot/y-branched Red-root. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 9 C. micropuy'llus (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 154.) leaves oblong, obtuse, entire, minute, sub-fascicled, smooth ; branches straight, somewhat decumbent; corymbs stalked, loose, ter- minal, fj . H. Native of North America, in sandy woods, from Carolina to Florida. C. hypericoides, Lher. mss. Leaves 3-4 lines long. Fruit almost globular. Flowers white. ,S'/H«//-/cmW Red-root. Fh May, June. Clt. 1806. Sh. 2 ft. 38 RHAMNEjE. XVI. Ceanothus. XVII. Willemetia. XVIII. Pomadekris. 10 C. SERPYLLiroLirs (Nutt. gen. amev. 1. p. 154.) leaves small, elliptical-ovate, obtuse, serrulated ; branches filiform, de- cumbent ; panicles axillary, stalked, few-flowered ; flowers con- glomerated. Tj. H. Native of Florida, about St. Mary's. Flowers white. Wild-thyme-leaved Red-root. Shrub decumbent. 11 C. BUXiFOLius (Willd. in Schult. syst. 7. p. 62. t. 615.) leaves ovate-elliptical, obtuse, glandularly-serrulated, 3-5-nerved, smooth ; nerves covered with adpressed hairs on the under sur- face ; branches round, smooth, with a few scattered spines ; racemes solitary on the short branches. Tj . G. Native of Mexico, in woods, near Real del Monte. Flowers v^'hite. Box-leaved Red-rcot. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. Cv.lt. Small neat slirubs, with large red roots ; hence their English name. They will thrive well in any common garden soil, and are proper shrubs for the front of shrubberies. They are increased by layers or by seeds. The greenhouse species or those natives of Mexico only require to be pi'otected from frosts during winter. Young cuttings of these will root if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them. XVII. WILLEMETIA (in honour of C. L. Willemet, author of Herbarium Mauritianum). Brogn. mem. rhamn. p. 63. — Ceanothus spec. Lin. and other authors. Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx urceolate (f. 6. F. d.), with the tube adnate to the ovary (f. 6. F. e.) at the base, but free at the top, with a 5-cleft limb (f. 6. F. a.). Petals 5, cucuUate, sessile (f. 6. F. b.). Stamens inclosed in the petals ; anthers ovate, 2-celled. Disk very thin, incrusting the tube of the calyx. Ovary half-inferior, 3-celled. Style simple, trigonal. Stigma 3-lobed. Fruit unknown. — A quite smooth shrub, with erect branches, alternate, oblong-lanceolate, serrated, feather- nerved leaves, and small white flowers, which are disposed in few-flowered, terminal or axillary panicles. 1 W. Africa' NA (Brogn. 1. c.) Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ceanothus Africanus, Lin. spec. 284. — Pluk. phyt. t. 126. f. 1 — Seb. thes. 1. t. 22. f. 6. Leaves shining. Branches purplish when ripe. 4/r/care Willemetia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1712. Shrub 6 ft. Cult. An elegant shrub. It will succeed well in an equal mixture of loam and peat, with a little sand, and young cuttings will root readily if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them. XVIII. POMADE'RRIS (from ttw/^o, I'oma, a lid, and ctppic, derris, a skin ; in allusion to the peculiar membranous covering to the capsule). Labill. nov.holl. 1. p. 61. D. C. prod. 2. p. 33. Brogn. mem. rhamn. p. 64. — Pomatoderris, Schult. syst. 5. no. 985. — Pomatiderris, Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 60. Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogijnia. Calyx with an adnate tube, and a 5-cleft (f. 6. E. a.), somewhat spreading limb. Petals 5, flat, unguiculate, somewhat cordate, or wanting. Sta- mens exserted (f. 6. E. b.) ; anthers ovate, 2-celled (f. 6. E. b.). Disk wanting. Ovary half adnate, 3-celled. Style trifid, rarely diverging (f. 6. E. c). Fruit half inferior (f. 6. E. g.), tricoc- cous ; coccula each with a broad perforation at the base on the inside. Seeds each furnished with a short stalk (f. 6. E. g.). — Erect, branched shrubs, more or less covered with starry down. Leaves entire or serrated, villous on both surfaces, or smooth on the upper surface, feather-nerved. Flovv'ers disposed in axillary or terminal, corymbose, or in expanded corymb-like panicles, flowering from the base to the apex, for the most part yellow or cream-coloured. Flowers 5-pelalled, disposed in corymbose cymes. 1 P. PHYLLiR.EOiDEs (Sieb. pi. exs. nov. holl. no. 215.) cymes corymbose, crowded ; calyxes and pedicels villous ; leaves elliptical-oblong, quite entire, coriaceous, smooth above, clothed with hoary-velvety villi beneath. Tj . G. Native of New Hol- land. Leaves acutish. Flowers pale-yellow. Phylliraa-like Pomaderris. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818. Shrub 2 to 6 feet. 2 P. LANi'oERA (Sims, hot. mag, t. 1823.) cymes somewhat panicled, woolly ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, quite entire, coria- ceous, velvety above, rusty and woolly beneath. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern and southern coast. Ceanothus laniger, Andr. bot. rep. t. 569. Pomaderris obscilra, Sieb. pi. exs. nov. holl. no. 216. Flowers pale-yellow. Var. ft ; leaves smooth above. P. ferruginea and P. viridi- riifa, Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 214 and 209. Wool-bearing Pomaderris. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1806. Sh. 3 to 6 feet. 3 P. ELLi'pTiCA (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 61. t. 86.) cymes somewhat umbellate, hoary and velvety ; leaves elliptical, ob- tuse, smooth above, clothed with very short, white tomentum beneath. Tj . G. Native of New Holland at Cape Van Diemen. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1510. Flowers cream-coloured. E llijitical-le&ved Pomaderris. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1805. Shrub 6 feet. 4 P. Di'scoLOR (Vent. malm. t. 58.) cymes somewhat umbel- lately-corymbose, many-flowered, hoary and velvety from very short, scarcely manifest hairs ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acumi- nated, smooth above, but clothed with short, white down beneath. T? . G. Native of New Holland. P. acuminata, Link. enum. 235. P. malifolia and P. discolor, Sieb. pi. exs. nov. holl. no. 208 and 213. Flowers whitish. An intermediate species between P. elliptica and P. intermedia, but hardly distinct from the former. Tn'o-coloured-leavei Pomaderris. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1814. Shrub 8 feet. 5 P. interme'dia (Sieb. pi. exs. nov. holl. no. 210.) c5Tnes corymbosely-panicled ; calyxes and pedicels velvety-villous ; leaves elliptical, acuminated at both ends, smooth above, but hoary and velvety beneath. Tj . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers pale-yellow. Intermediate Pomai\en-\s. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1825. Sh. 6 ft. 6 P. andromed^efolia (Cuning. in Field's new sovith wales, p. 351.) leaves oval-lanceolate, smooth above, but clothed beneath with white down ; corymbs terminal, crowded ; flowers with petals ? Tj . G. Native of New Holland, on rocky parts of the Blue Mountains. Flowers pale-yellow. Andromeda-leaved Pomaderris. Fl. April, June. Shrub 4 ft. 7 P. LEDIFOLIA (Cuning. 1. c.) leaves oval or elliptical, smooth, silky-white beneath ; corymbs few-flowered, terminal ; stems twi'igy. 1; . G. Native of New Holland, upon rocky hills at Cox's River. Flowers pale-yellow. Ledum-leaved Pomciderrk. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1824. Sh.2ft. * * Flowers 5-petalled, corymbose, or racemosely-panicled. Seeds each furnished with a smaller joerforation at the base than the rest of the species. Petals scarcely unguiculate. 8 P. GLOBULOSA (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. 84.) leaves obovate, quite entire, downy beneath, as well as the flowers and branches ; peduncles axillary, corymbose ; capsules opening from the bftse to the top. Ij . G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern coast. Ceanothus globulosus, Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 61. t. 85. Flowers pale-yellow. Globular-i^ruited Pomaderris. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1803. Shrub 8 feet. 9 P. spathtjla'ta (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 84.) leaves oblong-obovate, somewhat spatulate, obtuse, quite entire, downy beneath, as well as the branches and flowers ; racemes RHAMNEiE. XVIII. Pomaderris. XIX. Cryptandra. XX. Bartlinoia. XXI. Solenantiia. 39 somewhat ])anicled ; capsules opening; from the base to the top. fj . G. Native of New HoUancl, in Van Lewin's Land. Cca- nutlius spatulatus, Labill. nov. lioll. 1. p. CO. t. St. Flowers pale-yellow. SpatiilateAeavcA Pomaderris. Fl. April, June. Clt. 182C. Shrub C feet. 10 P. Wendlandia'na (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 84.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, smooth above, clothed with rusty down beneath ; panicles terminal and axillary. ^2 • G. Native of New Holland ! Ceanothus Wendlandianus, Schult. syst. 5. p. 299. Habit of P. elliplka. Fruit unknown. Flowers yel- lowisli. WemUand's Pomaderris. Fl. April, Ju. Clt. 1810. Sh. 10 ft. 11 P.? capsula'ris (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 84.) leaves ovate, cordate, acuminated, serrated ; capsules 3-valved, dehiscent. Ij . G. Native of the ishind of Tait in the South Seas. Ceanothus capsularis, Forst. prod. 112. Flowers yel- lowish. Capsular Pomaderris. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1820. Shrub C feet. • * * Floivers apetalous, panlclcd, or racemose. 12 P. ape'tala (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 52. t. 87.) panicles racemose, many-flowered ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, irregularly serrated, smooth above, or scabrous from starry down, clothed with hoary starry down beneath, with rather prominent nerves. fj . G. Native on the western coast of New Holland, at Cape Van Diemen. Flowers greenish-yellow. /^/)f?a/oiu' Pomaderris. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1803. Sh. C ft. 13 P. a'spera (Sieb. pi. exs. nov. holl. no. 211.) panicles racemose, elongated ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, irre- gularly serrated, and scabrous from starry down, clothed with downy, hoary, starry villi beneath. f^ . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers greenish-yellow. Very like P. apetala and hardly distinguishable. Rough Pomaderris. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1825. Shrub 6 ft. It P. LiGisTRiNA (Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 212.) pani- cles few-flowered ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, smooth above, but soft, downy, and velvety beneath from simple rather silky hairs, with scarcely prominent nerves. |j . G. Native of New Hol- land, on the eastern coast. Calyxes woolly. Flowers greenish- yellow. Prhel-like Pomaderris. Shrub 4 feet. 15 P. PHYLiciFOLiA (Lodd. bot. cab. t. 120. Link. enum. 1. p. 232.) panicles racemose, leafy; leaves linear, rather sca- brous above, hoary and downy beneath, with the middle nerve rather prominent. Tj . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers greenish-white. Stigma 3-4-cleft. Tube of calyx pubescent, with white oval lobes. P/i?//;crt-/rai'efZ Pomaderris. Fl.May,Ju. Clt. 1819. Sh. 2 ft. Cult. Pomaderris is a beautiful early flowering genus of shrubs. For culture and propagation see Willcmetia, p. 38. XIX. CRYPTA'NDRA (from KpyirroQ, cryplos, hidden, and a>'))p avOpoQ, ancr andros, a male ; in allusion to_the stamens being hidden by the petals). Smith, in Lin. trans. 4. p. 217. D. C. prod. 2. p. 38. Brogn. mem. rhamn. p. 65. LiN. svsT. Pentdndria, Monogf/niu. Calyx coloured, cam- panulate, 5-cleft (f. 5. D. a. b.). Petals sm.iU, cucullate, sessile (f. 5. D. e.). Stamens enclosed ; anthers 2-celled. Disk want- ing. Ovary half-adnate, 3-celled. Style simple. Stigma tri- dentate. Capsule half inferior, tricoccous, crowned by the permanent calyx. Seeds each furnished with a short fleshy stalk. — Small, heath-like, much -branched, erect shrubs, with fastigiate branches, or short spreading branches, rarely spiny. Leaves small, quite entire, smooth, scattered. Flowers aggre- gate at the tops of the branches or solitary, erect, or pendulous, calyculated at the base with 5 small imbricate scales (f. 5. D. j . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on hills. Flowers white. Lanceolate-]ea\ed Phylica. Fl. April, May. CIt. 1790.Sh. 3 ft. 25 P. VILLOSA (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 83.) leaves linear, spread- ing, lower ones smooth, rather rough, upper ones smaller ; flowers in racemose spikes. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white. Fillous Phylica. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1790. Shrub 2 feet. 26 P. cyli'ndrica (Wendl. coll. 1. t. 7.) leaves linear-lanceo- late, strigosely-villous, white beneath, erect, but at length spread- ing, floral ones erect, imbricate, very villous ; flowers in spikes. »7 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Spreng. berl. mag. 8. p. 104. t. 8. f. 5. P. piibescens. Lam. ill. t. 127. f. 2. Flowers greenish-yellow. Cylindrical-headed Phylica. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. ? Sh. 2 ft. f Sjiecies doubtful whether they belong to this section. 27 P. imbe'rbis (Lin. mant. 209.) leaves linear, blunt, sca- brous, downy beneath ; heads of flowers pubescent. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — Seb. mus. 2. t. 49. P. brunioides. Lam. ill. no. 2620. Flowers white. Beardless Phylica. Shrub 2 feet. 28 P. papillosa (Wendl. coll. 3. p. 5. t. 71.) leaves linear, acerose, erect, papillose, hairy, floral ones downy ; flowers dis- posed in terminal spikes. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white. /'op7/oie-leaved Phylica. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1820. Sh. 2 ft. 29 P. divarica'ta (Vent. malm. no. 57. obs. 2.) leaves lan- ceolate, scattered, flat, somewhat villous above, but velvety and cloth-like beneath ; branches slender, elongated, decumbent. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white. Probably identical with the following;. Z)H'rtr(Crt(«/-branchcd Phylica. Shrub decimibent. 30 P. LEDiFOLiA (Dcsf. Cat. hort. par. 1804. p. 203.) leaves scattered, oblong, acuminated at both ends, flat, spreading, shin- ing above, covered with hoary down beneath, as well as the branchlets. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. The spikes of flowers are terminal and involucrated with bracteas, according to Lher. Ledum-leavcd Phylica. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1820. Sh. 2 ft. 31 P. TRicHOTOMA (Thuub. fl. Cap. 2. p. 82.) leaves trigonal, obtuse, smooth ; stem trichotomous, hairy ; heads of flowers terminal, hairy, about the size of a pea. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in fields, but rare. Trichotomous-stemmed Phylica. Clt. 1818. Shrub 3 feet. 32 P. GLOBosA (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 87.) leaves ovate, con- cave above, smooth, imbricate ; heads of flowers terminal, glo- bose, about the size of a pea. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. G/o6oie-headed Phylica. Shrub 2 feet. 33 P. atra'ta (Licht. in Schult. syst. 5. p. 490.) leaves cor- date, linear-lanceolate, with revolute edges, smoothish, but downy beneath ; heads terminal, villous, woolly. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on mountains. Flowers white. Branch- lets clothed with dark villi. Dar/t-branched Phylica. Fl. May, Jidy. Shrub 3 feet. Cult. Handsome shrubs, requiring the same treatment and culture as that recommended for Trichocephalus, p. 40. XXV. SOULA'NGIA (in honour of Soidange Bodin, a nur- seryman near Paris). Brogn. mem. rhamn. p. 70. — Phylica, species of authors. Lin. syst. Pent&ndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an obconical tube adnate to the ovary (f. 7. D. /.), 5-cleft. Petals 5, cucul- late (f. 7. D. c). Stamens inclosed in the petals (f. 7. D. c.) ; anthers kidney-shaped, 1-celled. Disk epigynous (f. 7. D. d.), pentagonal, fleshy. Ovary adnate to the tube of the calyx (f. 7. D. €.), and equal in length to it, 3-celled. Style simple, short, rather conical, rarely trifid at the apex, crowned by a 3-toothed stigma or by 3 stigmas. Fruit inferior (f. 7. D. ?'.), marked above by a large areola (f. 7. D. h. k.), tricoccous. Seeds propped by a short, thick, fleshy stalk (f. 7. D. e. j.). — Much branched shrubs, with alternate, exstipulate, quite entire, short stalked, ovate, cordate, or lanceolate, rarely linear leaves, which are usually smooth above and villous beneath. Flowers in the axillte of the leaves or bracteas, solitary, spiked, or panicled, clothed with short down. 1 S. axilla'ris (Brogn. mem. rhamn. p. 71.) leaves linear- lanceolate, spreading, with revolute edges, smooth above, hoary beneath ; flowers in the axillas of the upper leaves, on short pedicels, the whole constituting a leafy spike. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Phylica axillaris, Lam. ill. no. 2615. Spreng. berl. mag. 8. p. 104. t. 8. f. 4. P. rosmarini- foha, Willd. enum. 253. but not of Lam. Flowers white. Axillary-Hov/ered Soulangia. Fl. May, June. Clt 1812. Shrub 3 feet. 2 S. ole.ef6lia (Brogn. mem. rhamn. p. 71.) leaves ovate- oblong, mucronate, acute, coriaceous, flat, spreading, covered with hoary down beneath, but smooth above or pubescent ; flowers in loose racemes at the tops of the branches, intermixed with bracteas. 1; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. P. oleffifolia. Vent. malm. no. 4. obs. 2. P. spicata, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 323. P. oleoides, D. C. prod. 2. p. 36. Flowers white. Olive-leaved Sonlangia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1800. Sh. 3 ft. 3 S. TiiYMiFoLiA (Brogn. mem. rhamn. p. 71.) leaves lan- ceolate, acuminated, spreading, smooth above, but hoary beneath, with rather revolute edges ; flowers sessile, disposed in heads at the tops of the branches. Tj . G. Native of the islands in the Antarctic sea. Phy'Iica thymifolia, Vent. malm. t. 57. Flowers white. Thyme-leaved Soulangia. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1820. Sh. 3 ft. 4 S. panicula'ta (Brogn. mem. rhamn. p. 71.) leaves ovate- lanceolate, acuminated, spreading, shining above, downy white beneath ; flowers disposed in leafy, terminal, panicled racemes. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Phy'Iica panicidata, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1 112. Phylica myrtifolia, Poir. diet. 5. p. 293. Flowers white. Paniclcd-Rowered Soulangia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1817. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 5 S. buxifolia (Brogn. mem. rhamn. p. 36.) leaves ovate, coriaceous, spreading, smooth above, but covered with hoary down beneath ; flowers in heads at the tops of the branches. h . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Phy'Iica buxifolia, Lin. spec. 283. Wendl. coll. 1. t. 26. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 848. — Burm. afr. 119. t. 44. f. 1. Flowers greenish. Box-leaved Soulangia. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1759. Sh. 6 ft. 6 S. corda'ta (Brogn. mem. rhamn. p. 71.) leaves cordate, ovate, coriaceous, acute, mucronate, smooth above, but covered with hoary down beneath ; heads of flowers small, axillary, stalked. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Phylica cordata, Lin. spec. 283. — Comm. prsel. p. 62. t. 12. Flowers white. C'oi-t/a;ap,roc, carpos, a fruit, and hroQ, ditos, tied; tliere is a ring round the middle of the fruit resembling a tie). Forst. gen. t. 17. D. C. prod. 'i. p. 29. Lin. syst. Pintdndria, A/otiogi/iiia. Calyx with a turbinate tube, adnate to the ovar)', and a 5-cleft limb ; lobes deciduous. Petals 5, small, inserted in the calyx. Stamens very short; anthers almost sessile. Style }, filiform. Stigma depressed, capitate. Berry dry, globose, 5-celled, 5-seeded, girded by the tube of the calyx. 1 C. SERRA^TUS (Forst. iiov. gcu. t. 17. Spreng. pug. 1. p. 20.) Jj . G. Native of New Zealand. Leaves oblong, with glandular serraturcs, puberulous above, pale, smooth, and netted beneath. Peduncles opposite the leaves. This plant is very little known. 6Vrrfl/e-leaved Carpodetus. Shrub 12 feet. Cult. See Willemel'ta for culture and propagation, p. 38. XXX. SCH^FFE'RIA (in honour of James Christian Schsefter, a German botanist, author of Botanica Expeditior in 17l>2). Jacq. amer. 259. D. C. prod. 2. p. -iO. Lin. syst. Dlce'cla, Tclrdndria. Flowers dioecious from abortion. Calyx 4-parted, blunt, permanent under the fruit, perhaps altogether free. Petals 1, alternating with the sepals. Stamens 4, opposite the petals. Ovary 2-celled. Style short or wanting. .Stigmas 2. Berry dry, 2-parted, rarely 1 -celled, usually 2-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. .Seeds erect. Albumen fleshy. Embryo central, straight, flat. — Shrubs, with alternate, entire leaves, and numerous small, axillary, stalked flowers. 1 S. frute'scens (Jacq. amer. 259.) style slender, 2-lobed at the apex; petals blunt; leaves elliptical, acuminated at both ends, and are, as well as the branches, smooth. Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo, Jamaica, Carthagena, and New Spain, in bushy places. S. completa, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 327. t. 7. f. a. Flowers white. Berries the size of a small pea, of a yellowish- red colour. far. /3, biixifolla (D. C. prod. 2. p. 41.) leaves broad, ovate, mucronate. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica. Sloan, hist. 2. p. 209. f. 1. Shrubby Schcefteria. Clt. 1793. Shrub 6 feet. t Douhtful species. 2 S. panicula'ta (Spreng. neue. entd. 3. p. 49.) petals con- cave ; flowers panicled ; leaves spatidate, coriaceous, pubescent beneath, as well as the branches. T^ . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers whitish. Panicled Schsefltria. Shrub. 3 S. viRiDEScENS (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 2. p. 41.) style none; stigmas 2, thick, sessile; petals acute. ^i . S. Native of Mexico. Leaves almost like those of S. frutescens, but more blunt. Fruit globose. Younger petals greenish on the outside, but of a dirty-white on the inside. GVeenis/i-flovveredSchaefteria. Shrub G feet. 4 .S. racemo'sa (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 2. p. 41.) style wanting; stigmas 3, thick, sessile; petals obtuse, fj . S. Native of Mexico. Racemes lateral, many- flowered. Scales 4 between the stamens, or alternating with the petals. Fruit globose. This will probably form a distinct genus. /?acemose-flowered Schaefferia. Shrub. Cull. This is a genus of insignificant shrubs ; for the culture and propagation see Coupia, p. 44. XXXI. OLrNIA(the name of a town in Spain). Tlumb. in Room. arch. 2. p. 1. and p. 4. D. C. prod. 2. p. 41. Lis. SYST. Penta-Hejcdndria, RIonogynia. Calyx with a cam- panidate tube, and 5 or G blunt teeth. Petals 5, inserted in the calyx, alternating with the teeth, linear-lanceolate, permanent, furnished with rather concave scales on the inside at the base. Stamens 5 or (i, very .short, inserted in the calyx ; anthers con- cealed under the scales. Ovary free ? Style very short. Stigma thickened, pentagonal. Fruit crowned by the calyx, 5-angled, 5-seeded. — A smooth, much branched shrub. Branches tetra- gonal. Leaves ovate, opposite. Flowers white, in axillary i)a- nicles. 1 O. cym6sa (Thunb. 1. c. and fl. cap. 194.) fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on the western side of the Table Mountain. Sideroxylum cym6sum, Lin. fil. suppl. 1. p. 152. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Cj/OTOSc-flowered Olinia. Shrub 4 feet. Cult. This shrub will grow in a mixture of loam and sandy peat, and ripened cuttings will root if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them. XXXII. DAPHNIPHY'LLUM (from ca^ie, daphne, the Greek name for the laurel, and ^uXXor, phyllon, a leaf; in allu- sion to the leaves resembling the laurel). Blum, bijdr. 1152, LiN. SYST. Dice'cia, Hexa-Deciuidria. Flowers dioecious. Calyx inferior, small, crenulated. Corolla none. Male flowers, with 6-10 short stamens, which are connate at the base. An- thers erect, tetragonal. Female flowers with a 2-celled ovary, with the cells containing 2 ovula, and a bifid sessile stigma. Drupe oval, baccate, crowned by the stigma containing a 1 -seeded fibrous nut. Embryo minute, inverted in a fleshy albumen. — A tree, with scattered, oblong-lanceolate, entire, smooth, exsti- pulate leaves, which are glaucous beneath. Racemes axillary, simple. 1 D. glauce'scens (Blum, bijdr. 1153.) Tj . S. Native of Java, on the higher mountains of Salak and Gede. Glaucesce>it-\e?i\iiA Daphniphyllum. Tree. Cult. See Coupia for culture and propagation, p. 44. Order LXVIII. BRUNIA'CE^, (plants agreeing with Drunia in important characters). R. Br. in Lin. trans. 1818. D. C. prod. 2. p. 43. Brong. mem. brun. in ann. scienc. nat. par. august, 1826. Calyx adhering to the ovary (f. 8. G. g. H. «.), rarely free (f. 8. C. /(.), 5-cleft (f. 8. B. b. K. c), or5-toothed (f. 8. H. b.), imbricate in aestivation. Petals 5 (f. 8. G. b, C. d.) imbricate, inserted in the ovary, alternating with the segments of the calyx (f. 8. K. c. G. 6.). Stamens 5 (f. 8. B. d.), alternating with the petals, epigynous ; anthers fixed by the back, bursting inwards, 2-celled, opening lengthwise (f 8. B. j . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white. /'o.i-esf.). 2 B. elegans (D\im. Cours). 3 B.for- mosa (Dmn. Cours). Cult. Elegant heatli-like shrubs, but with insignificant flowers. A mixture of peat and sand suits them best, and young cuttings, planted in sand with a bell-glass placed over them, will strike root, III. STAA^VIA (in honour of Martin Staaff, a correspon- dent of Linnaeus). Dahl. diss. Thunb. prod. 41. D. C. prod. 2. p. 45. Brogn. et Dum. mem. Brun. p. 22. — Levisanus, Schreb. gen. 377. — Astrocoma, Neck. elem. no. 196. Lix. SYST. Pentandria, Monogijnia. Calyx adhering to the bottom of the ovary (f. 8. G. g.) but free at the top, ending in .'i awl-shaped callose lobes (f. 8. G.f.\ Petals free (f. 8. G. c). Ovary half-inferior, ^-celled (f 8. G. A-. g.)\ cells 1-seeded. Style simple. Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit bicoccous (f. 8. G. A.). — Small shrubs, with linear, spreading leaves, which are callose at the apex. Flowers collected into terminal, disk-like heads (f. 8. G. a.), involucrated by numerous shining, whitish bracteas, which are either longer or shorter than the leaves. Receptacle of flowers villous or chaffy. 1 S. radia'ta (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 96.) young branches and leaves pilose ; leaves linear, acute, hardly keeled, spreading or deflcxed, mucronate ; heads of flowers corymbose ; bracteas of involucre membranous, mucronate, arched, deflexed, white, a little longer than the flowers. f^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Phy'lica radiata, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 283. Brunia radiata, Lin. mant. 209 Pluk. mant. t. 454. f. 7. — Breyn. cent. t. 82. Flowers dusky. /?«(/c(/-flowered Siaavia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1787. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 2 S. GLUTINOSA (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 95.) branches and leaves (]uite smooth ; leaves linear, trigonal, thickish, blunt, callose, ustulate, approximate, erect ; heads of flowers usually solitary, terminal ; bracteas of involucre erect or stiffly spreading, not arched, white, much longer than the flowers ; flowers aggluti- nated with resinous juice. h.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on the Table Mountain. Wendl. coll. 1. t. 22. Brunia glutinosa, Lin. mant. 210. — Pluck, mant. t. 431. f. 1. Flowers dusky. G/«Ma spinosa, Lin. spec. 557. C. aculeata, Jacq. amer. 133. The spines are strong and straight, they are only abortive indurated branches, as in Cerasus spinusa. Flowers white. Fruit greenish^ purple. Sjiiny Casearia. Shrub 7 feet. II 2 SAMYDEjE. II. Casearia. lie. MARiauiTE'xsis (H. B. et Kiinth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 364.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminattd, acute at the base, denticulated, smooth, full of pellucid dots ; fruit solitary or twin, covered with fine touientum. I2 . S. Native of New Granada, near Mariquita. Flowers unknown. Mariquito Casearia. Siirub 10 feet. 12 C. AKGU TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 363.) branches finely tomentosc ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base, sharply serrated, smooth above, and pubes- cent on the nerves beneath, full of pellucid dots; fruit crowded, pubescent at the apex. ^ . S. Native of Mexico, near La Venta del Exido. Flowers unknown. ^/iajp-notched Casearia. Tree 20 feet. 13 C. MULTiFLORA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 355.) flowers 8-an- thered, 5 -parted? panicles axillary, divaricate; leaves ovate- lanceolate, acute, quite entire, smooth ; branches spinescent. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers greenish-white. Sterile stamens cucullate. Fruit baccate, sub-4-celled. Many-Jlowered Casearia. Shrub 8 feet. § 3. DecanlJiera (from ctkci, deha, ten, and atdtjoa, anthem, an anther). D. C. prod. 2. p. 49. Fertile stamens 10, with a sterile one between each. Leaves quite entire or serrated. It C. PARVIFLORA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 627.) flowers 10- anthered, 5-parted, small; pedicels l-flo\vered, crowded, axil- lary ; leaves oblong, acuminated, crenulate, smooth on both surfaces, shining, evidently full of pellucid dots. Tj . S. Native of the West Indies, in bushy places. Samyda parviflbra, Lin. spec. 557. — Sloan, hist. 2. t. 211. f. 2. Flowers whitish. Pulp of fruit yellow. da arborea. Rich, act. soc. hist. nat. par. 1792. C. incuna, Bert. ined. Stipulas linear, very long, deciduous. Flowers whitish. Slipular Casearia. Shrub 4 to 8 feet. 30 C. zizvpnoiDEs (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 362.) flowers 10-anthered, 5-cleft ; leaves ovate-oblong, taper-pointed, rounded at the base, crenate-serrulated, smooth ; pedicels axil- lary, crowded in an umbel. y . S. Native of South America, between Cumana and Caraccas, near the city of New Barcelona. Calyx white inside. Zizi/phus-li/iC Casearia. Shrub 6 to S feet. 31 C. cELTiDiFoLiA (H. B. et Kuuth, nov. gen. et spec. amer. 5. p. 362.) flowers 10-anthered, 5-cleft ; leaves oblong, taper- pointed, acute at the base, smooth, dentately-crenulate, teeth mucronate, middle nerve puberulous beneath ; umbels axillary, many-flowered, on short stalks. I^ . S. Native of South Ame- rica, on the banks of the river Orinoco, near Angustura and Charichana. Calyx white inside. Celtis-lcavcd Casearia. Tree 20 feet. 32 C. prunifo'lia (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 1. c.) flowers 10-anthered, 5-parted; pedicels in glomerate, axillary fascicles : leaves oblong, taper-pointed, acute at the base, obso- letely toothletted, smooth, membranous, without dots. Jj . S. Native of South America, in the province of Bracamora. Calyx white inside. Plum-leaved Casearia. Tree 20 feet. 33 C. MOLLIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 362. t. 480.) flowers 10-anthered, 5-parted ; pedicels crowded in axil- lary umbels ; leaves elliptical-oblong, taper-pointed, rounded at the base, toothed, smoothisli above, but covered beneath with rusty down. h . S. Native of Caraccas, in shady valleys, near Araguen. Flowers whitish. Soft Casearia. Shrub. 34 C. rufe'scens (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 231.) branches clothed with rufescent tomentum ; leaves elliptical, short, acu- minated, serrulated, smooth above, but clothed with rufescent tomentum beneath, full of pellucid dots ; flowers puberulous, umbellate; umbels sessile ; fertile stamens 10, one-half shorter than the calyx ; style undivided. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, in that part called Minas Novas. Hiifescoit Casearia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 33 C. iiirsu'ta (Swartz. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 755.)flowers 10-an- iliercd, 5-parted, pubescently- villous; pedicels crowded, lateral. 1-flowered; leaves ovate, taper-pointed, serrate- toothed, hairy above and villous beneath. Ij . S. Native of Jamaica and St. Domingo, on the moiuitains. Flowers whitish. Fruit trigonal. far. /i, nlabrala (D. C. prod. 2. p. 50.) leaves smooth on the upper surface, but smooth on both surfaces in the adult leaves, fj . S. Native of Porto-Rico. //flin/-leaved Casearia. Clt. 1825. Shrub G feet. 3() C. fra'gilis (Vent, choix. no. 47. in a note,) flowers 10- anthercd, 5-parted, smooth; pedicels axillary, few, 1-flowered; leaves ovate-lanceolate, thickish, smooth, quite entire. V^ . S. Native of the East Indies, and the Mauritius. Clasta frigilis, Comm. ind. Flowers whitish inside. Brittle Casearia. Shrub 6 feet. 37 C. Guinee'nsis ; flowers 5-cleft, 10-anthered; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, serrated, 3-nerved at the l)ase, very villous, as well as the branches ; peduncles many-flowered, crowded, axillary. ^ . S. Native of Guinea. Flowers small, g^'een. Guinea Casearia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 38 C. guewlefolia (Vent, choix. no. 48. inanote,^ flowers 10-anthered; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered; leaves cordate-ob- long, serridated, downy beneath. Ij . S. Native of Java. Gretvia-leaved Casearia. Shrub. 39 C. elli'ptica (Willd. spec. 2. p. 628.) flowers 10-anthered, 5-parted ; pedicels axillary, crowded, 1-flowered ; leaves ellip- tic-lanceolate, a little serrated, bluntish, young ones pubescent beneath. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Anavinga lan- ceolata, Lam. diet. 1. p. 146. ill. t. 355. f. 1. Flowers whitish. Elliplical-\ea\ed Casearia. Shrub 6 feet. 40 C. oBLrouA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 355.) flowers 10-anthered, 5-cleft, subsessile, axillary, solitary, very small ; leaves oblong- lanceolate, triple-nerved, acuminated, unequal-sided, serrulated, smooth on both surfaces, shining above, and full of pellucid dots. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers whitish. 0&/i^i;e-leaved Casearia. Shrub. 41 C. Melista\irum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 51.) flowers 10-an- thered, polygamous, 5-parted; lobes concave, obtuse, spread- ing ; sterile stamens awl-shaped, pilose at the apex ; style very short. ^ . G. Native of New Caledonia. Melistaurum dis- tichum, Forst. gen. t. 72. Samyda polyandra, Willd. spec. 2. p. 626. The name is derived from fitXi, honey, and anvoos, a stake ; the nectary bearing some resemblance to a fence of that kind. Melistaurum Casearia. Shrub 6 feet. 42 C. Samyda (D.C. prod. 2. p. 51.) flowers 10-anthered; sterile lilaments fringed ; style very short ; calyxes 5-parted ; capsule 3-furrovved. Tj . S. Native of Porto Rico. Anavinga Samyda, Gaert. fil. 3. p. 240. t. 224. This is probably iden- tical with one of the Decantherous species described above. Sami/da-Wke Casearia. Shrub 6 feet. § 4. Dudecaiilliera (from cwctKa, dodeca, twelve, and ay^r]ga, anthcra, an anther). D. ('. prod. 2. p. 51. Fertile stamens 12- 15, with an equal number of sterile ones. 43 C. TiNiFOLiA (Vent, choix. t. 47.) flowers 12-anthered, sterile filaments awl-shaped ; calyx 5-parted, spreading ; pedicels solitary, axillary, 1-flowered; leaves obovate, smooth, quite entire, evidently full of pellucid dots. ^. S. Native of Java. Flowers the size of those of ,Sami/da scrrulata, white. Tinus-leaved Casearia. Shrub. 44 C. adama'ntum (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 2.J0. t. 125.) branches smooth above, but covered with rusty tomentum below ; leaves obovate, short-acuminated, serrulated, full of pellucid dots; flowers umbellate; umbels sessile; fertile stamens 12, a little shorter than the calyx ; style undivided. I; . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, in that part called Distrito dos Dianiantes. 51. SAMYDE^E. II. Casearia. III. Ch^tocrater. HOMALINE^. Adamant Casearia. Shrub 5 feet. 45 C. Javite'nsis (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 306. t. 479.) flowers 1 5-anthered ; sterile filaments hairy ; style trifid; calyx 5-parted, reflexed ; pedicels axillary, umbellately- crowded, 1 -flowered ; leaves elliptical-oblong, acuminated, re- motely-toothed, smooth, shining, without dots. fj . S. Native of Cayenne and New Guiana. Lindleya glabra, Kunth. Flowers greenish-yellow. Perhaps a species of Cha:tocruter. ■Javlla Casearia. Tree 20 feet. f Specks not sufficiently known. 46 C. viRiDiFLORA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 51.) leaves ovate-ellip- tical, smooth, somewhat coriaceous, rather crenulated ; flowers almost sessile, fascicled, axillary. T^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Samyda viridiflora, Poir. diet. 6. p. 493. Flowers greenish. Green-flowered Caaeana. Clt. 1820. Shrub 6 feet. 47 C. denta'ta (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 2. p. 51.) flowers decandrous, 5-parted ; pedicels axillary, very short, 1-flovvered, 3 or 4 together; leaves oval, bluntish, toothed, with the petioles and nerves pubescent. Pj . S. Native of Mexico. This is probably identical with C. hirsuta. Toothcd-\ea.\eA Casearia. Shrub 6 feet. 48 C. du'bia (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 2. p. 51.) flowers decandrous, 5-parted; peduncles axillary, in corymbose racemes, the length of the leaves ; leaves ovate-lan- ceolate, serrated, acute, smooth. 1^ . S. Native of Mexico. Doubtful Casearia. Shrub. + t Sjiecies only known by name, mithoul any description being given. 49 C. Vare'ca (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 33.) Jj . S. Native of Silhet, in the East Indies. Its Bengal name is Tiltacheera. f^areca Casearia. Shrub. 50 C. gla'bra (Roxb. 1. c.) •: . S. Native of the Mo- luccas. Smooth Casearia. Shrub. 51 C. tomentosa (Roxb. 1. c.) Ij . S. Native of the East Indies, among the Circars, where it is called Garugoodoo. Downy Casearia. Shrub G feet. 52 C. escule'nta (Roxb. 1. c.) ^ . S. Native of the East Indies, among the Circars, where it is called Knndajungira. Esculent Casearia. Shrub 6 feet. Cult, See end of order for culture and propagation. III. CHiETOCRATER (from xa'"?, chaite, a head of hair, and Kparrip, crater, a cup ; in allusion to the stamens being joined at the base into a cup-shaped tube). Ruiz et Pav. prod, fl. per. 61. t. 36. syst. p. 106. D. C. prod. 2. p. 52.— Crateria, Pers. ench. 1. p. 485. Lin. syst. lifonadelphia, Dctdndria. Calyx 5-parted. Sta- mens 20, joined at the base into a cup-shaped tube, 10 of which bear anthers, and are shorter than the rest, the 10 sterile ones are bristle-formed and hairy. Stigmas 3. 1 C. FAScicuLA^UM (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. syst. 107.) leaves oblong, serrated, acuminated ; flowers in fascicles. P; . .S. Na- tive of Peru, in the groves of Chinchao. Crateria fasciculata, Pers. ench. 1. p. 485. Bark rather bitter, furnishing a cream colour. J^aseicW-flowered Chsetocrater. Tree 24 feet. 2 C. cAPiTA^TUM (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. syst. 108.) leaves ob- long, serrated, taper-pointed, full of dots ; flowers capitate. P; . S. Native of Peru, in the groves of Cuchero. Crateria capi- tata, Pers. ench. 1. p. 485. i/eaded-flowered Chsetocrater. Tree 18 feet. Cult. All the genera of this order will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat, with a little sand ; and cuttings will strike root readily if planted in a pot of sand, plunged in a mo- derate heat, with a hand-glass placed over them. The plants of the first section of Samyda are the most worthy of culti- vation. Order LXX. HOMALI'NEjE (plants agreeing with Homa- lium in important characters). R. Brown, cong. p. 19. D. C. prod. 2. p. 53. Flowers hermaphrodite. Tube of calyx short, obconical, usually, or perhaps always, adhering to the ovary ; limb parted into pairs of lobes, from the number of 10 (f. 12. a.) to 30, outer lobes calyciform, larger than the inner ones (f. 12. «.), somewhat valvate in asstivation between themselves, alternate or inner ones smaller (f. 12. a.), petaloid, disposed in a similar mode to the outer ones in aestivation, all spreading when in flower. Petals wanting, but with sessile glands at the base (rarely in the middle) of the inner lobes of the calyx, and per- haps on the outer ones also. Stamens rising from the apex of the tube of the calyx between the glands, opposite the outer lobes of the calyx, sometimes equal in number with the lobes of the calyx, but usually 3 or 7 times that number disposed in fascicles, therefore multiple the number of the calycine lobes. Anthers 2-celled, didymous, opening by a double chink. Ovary conical, 1-celled, containing numerous ovula, usually adhering to the calyx at the base, but in part free. Styles 3-5, simple, filiform or awl-shaped. Pericarp capsular, or somewhat baccate, 1-celled. Placentas parietal, the same number as the styles, many-seeded. Seeds small, ovate, or angular. Embryo inclosed in a fleshy albumen. — Shrubs or trees, natives of the warmer regions of the world. Leaves alternate, stalked, simple, feather-nerved, toothed or quite entire. Stipulas deciduous, or probably for the most part wanting. Flowers spicate, racemose or panicled. This order agrees with Rosdceee in the insertion of the stamens, but in the structure of the fruit it comes near to Bixinecs and Flacourtianece. From the absence of the petals, and the insertion of the stamens, as well as in the structure of the fruit, it comes nearest to Samydece. Probably Mauneia should be referred to this order. Synopsis of the Genera. 1 Homa'lium. Tube of calyx obconical, with a 12 (f. 12. a.) -14-parted limb disposed in a double series, inner lobes narrowest. Stamens in fascicles, placed in front of the outer lobes of the calyx, each fascicle containing 3-6 stamens. Styles 3, filiform. 2 Napimoga. The character the same as in Homalium, but destitute of glands at the base of the inner lobes of the calyx. 3 Aza'ra. Calyx 4-5-parted. Stamens numerous, inserted in the bottom of the calyx. Styles 3, joined. 4 Pine'da. Calyx 8-1 0-parted, in a double series. Stamens indefinite in fascicles. Style simple. Stigma trigonal, sulcate. Berry 1-celled. Placentas 4, fleshy, adhering lengthwise to the parietes, many-seeded. HOMALINEjE. I. IIOMAI.IUM. II. NaPIMOOA. III. A/AKA. 6 Blackwe'llia. Tube of c.ilyx short ; limb 10-30-partc(l, inner lobes smallest. Stamens inserted in the calyx, at the base of the glanilless lobes. Ovary conical above. Styles 3-5. Cap- sule 1 -celled, many-seeded. Seeds fixed to the parietes. G iLLiciERA. Calyx 10-partcd, in 2 series; inner segments petaloid. Stamens 5, inserted in the base of the calyx, and alternating with 5 glands. Style crowned by a peltate emargi- nate stigma. Ovary inferior, 1-celled, 1-ovvdate. 7 Rhinanthe'ra. Calyx 10-parted ; segments disposed in a double series. Stamens 5, inserted in the base of the calyx, alternating with 5 glands. Style crowned by a peltate cmargi- nate stigma. 8 Astra'ntiius. Tube of calyx short, limb 14-cleft, the 7 alternate lobes shortest. Stamens 7 : anthers 3-cellcd. Ovary free. Styles 4. Fruit 1 -seeded. 9 NfsA. Calyx turbinate, lO-lS-cleft, in a double series. Stamens 5-6, opposite the inner lobes of the calyx. Ovary half adhering to the calyx. Styles 2-3. Fruit unknown. 10 Myrianthe'ia. Calyx campanulate, 10-cleft, the 5 inner lobes unguiculate and petaloid. Stamens inserted in the calyx, in 5 4-5 anthered fascicles. Ovary conical at the apex, inclosing 4 ovula. .Styles 4. Fruit 1 -seeded from abortion. t Genera allied to Homalinece. 11 Asterope'ia. Calyx large, 5-cleft; lobes oblong, ex- panded. Petals 5, deciduous, inserted in the calyx. Stamens 10, alternate ones shortest, adnata to the tube of the calyx. Ovarv trigonal, 3-celled. Style short, 3-cleft. Stigmas capi- tate. Seeds fixed by their centre. 12 Nei'llia. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft (f 10. h.). Petals 5 (f. 10. d), roundish, sessile, inserted in the throat of the calyx. Stamens numerous, inserted with the petals in a double series (f. 10. e.). Style one, obtuse. Capsule 1-celled, many-seeded. Seeds numerous, fixed to a single parietal placenta. 13 Aristote'lia. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft. Petals 5, inserted in the bottom of the calyx. Stamens 15-18, in fascicles. Anthers bursting by 2 pores at the apex. Ovary free. Styles 3, connected at the base. Berry globose, 3-celled ; cells 1-2- seeded. Seeds angular. Albumen fleshy. Embryo flat. I. HOMA~LIUM (from ojuoXoc, homalos, equal, regular ; the stamens are 21, and regularly divided into 3-stamened fascicles). Jacq. amer. 170. D. C. prod. 2. p. 53. — Acoma, Adans. fani. 2. p. 510. — Racoubea, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 590. Lin. syst. Polyadelpliia, Polijandria. Calyx somewhat coni- cal, adhering to the ovary ; limb disposed in a double series, 10 (f. 12. a.) -14-partcd, inner lobes narrowest (f. 12. «.). Glands (5-7, placed at the base of the inner lobes of the calyx. Stamens placed in front of the outer lobes between the glands, in fas- cicles (f. 12. a.), containing 3 (f. 12. a.) or 6 stamens each. Ovary conical above. Styles 3, filiform. — Small trees, with oval-ob- long, acuminated, serrated leaves, and with the flowers dis- posed in spicate racemes. 1 H. racemosum (Jacq. amer. 170. t. 183. f. 72.) leaves mem- branous, serrated ; racemes axillary and terminal ; flowers pedicelled ; fascicles triandrous. f; . S. Native of Jamaica, Martinique, Guadaloupe, and other parts of South America. Lam. ill. t. 483. f. 2. There is a variety of tliis tree with 4 styles. Leaves ovate, bluntly-acuminated, with coarse deep serratures. Racemes length of leaves, perhaps always axillary. Flowers yellow ? Jacq. amer. pict. t. 2G1. f. 43. A lofty tree, with habit and leaves of elm. /fnccMoic-flowered Homalium. Fl. May, July. CIt. 181C. Tree GO ft. 2 H.Racou'bea (Swartz. fl. ind. occ. 991.) leaves coriaceous, toothed ; racemes terminal ; flowers almost sessile ; fascicles of stamens triandrous. V^ ■ '^- Native of Guiana. Racoubea Guianensis, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 590. t. 236. H. spici\tum. Lam. diet. 1, p. 62. ill. 483. f. 1. Racemes much longer than the leaves ; flowers sessile, yellowish. Racoubea is derived from its Guiana name, Racoubea Homalium. Shrub 8 feet. 3 H. ANGUsTiFOLiuM (.Smith in Rccs' cycl. no. 3.) leaves ellip- tical-lanceolate, almost entire ; racemes axillary ; flowers almost sessile; inner lobes of calyx obovate. 'j . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Flowers yellowish ? Narrow-leaved Homalium. Tree. 4 H. sena'rium (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 2. p. 54.) leaves ovate, coarsely-toothed ; racemes axillary and terminal ; flowers on pedicels ; fascicles of stamens hexan- drous. Ij . S. Native of Mexico. Six-stamened Homalium. Shrub. Cult. See end of order for culture and propagation. II. NAPIMO'GA (its Guiana name), Aubl. guian. 1. p. 592. t. 237. D. C. prod. 2. p. 54. Lin. syst. Pvli/adelphia, Polijandria. Character the same as Homalium, but destitute of the glands at the inner lobes of the calyx. — A tree, with elliptical-oblong, serrated leaves, and axil- lary and terminal spikes of small greenish flowers. Stamens IS. 1 N, Guiane'nsis (Aubl. guian, 1, c.) \. S. Native of Guiana, in woods. Homalium Napimoga, Spreng. syst. app. p. 210. Guiana Napimoga. Tree 20 feet. Cult. See end of order for culture and propagation. III. AZA'R A (in honour of Joseph Nicholas Azara, a Spanish promoter of botany). Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. et chil. prod. 1. p. 7C. t. 3G. syst. p. I. p. 137. D. Don, in edinb. new. phil. journ. for Jan. 1831. Lin. syst. Polydndria, lifonogi/nia. Perianthium 4-5-parted. Petals wanting. Stamens indefinite, inserted in the base of the calyx. Anthers round, 2-celled, bursting outwards. Styles 3, joined, crowned by 3 minute stigmas. Berry globose, 1-celled, few-seeded from abortion, opening by a fissure at the base of the styles. Placentas 3, parietal, alternating with the stigmas, with lateral branches. Seeds covered with spongy aril when mature, albuminous, having 2 covers ; umbilicus basilar, per- forated. Embryo straight, with reniform leafy cotyledons, and a terete radicle. — Leafy trees, with alternate, simple, stalked, stipulate leaves, which are bitter to the taste. Flowers disposed in corymbs or spikes, fragrant. N. B. This genus has been inserted In Bixinccp, p. 297. vol. 1. of this work, but since that part of the work has been printed the genus has been discovered to belong to HomaUne(e. We have therefore given a fresh character both of the genus and species. Sect. I. Aza'ra (see genus for derivation). Perianthium 5-7- parted, spreading, with the segments somewhat imbricate in aestivation. .Stamens indefinite, many sterile. 1 A. DEKTA TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. et chil. syst. 1. p. 138. fl. per. 5. t. 465. f. a.) leaves ovate, serrated, scabrous, tomen- 56 HOMALINEvE. III. Azara. IV. Pikeda. V. Blackwellia. tose beneath ; corymbs sessile, few-flowered ; stipulas leafy, un- equal, one of which is large, and the other small. ^.G. Na- tive of Chili, in groves about Conception, where it is called Corcolen. Tooihed-\ea\ed Azarsi. Fl. June, Sept. Shrub 12 feet. 2 A. serra'ta (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. et chil. syst. 1. p. 137. gen. t. 36. fl. per. 5. t. 465. f. 6.) leaves oblong, serrated, smooth ; corymbs stalked, many-flowered. >2 • G. Native with the first. Stipulas leafy, one much longer than the other. Serrate-lea\ ed Azara. Shrub 12 feet. Sect. II. Alme'ja (a word of no meaning). D. Don, in edinb. new phil. journ. Jan. 1831. Perianth with a connivent •i-eleft limb, furnished with scales on the inside, valvate in restivation. Stamens definite, all fertile, disposed in fascicles ojiposite the lobes of the perianth. 3 A. iNTEGRiFOLiA (Ruiz et Pav. syst. fl. per. et chil. 1. p. 138. fl. per. 5. t. 466. f. a.) leaves obovate or oblong, entire, smooth ; stipvilas equal, permanent ; flowers spiked. Ij . G. Native with the others, where it is also called Corcolen. Entire-leaved Azara. Fl. June, Aug. Shrub 12 feet. ■]■ A douhlful sjiecies. i A. cELASTRrNA (D. Don, in edinb. new. phil. journ. for Jan. 1831.) leaves roundish-oval, subserrulated, smooth; sti- pulas small, equal ; flowers axillary, in fascicled panicles, fj . G. Native of Chili. Celastrus-Uke Azara. Shrub 10 feet. Cult. See end of order for culture and propagation. IV. PINE'DA (in honour of Anthony Pinedo, a Spanish naturalist, who went round the world with Malespine ; he died on the voyage in 1762). Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. prod. 76. t. 14. syst. 1. p. 133. D. C. prod. 2. p. 54. Lin. syst. Polydiulria, Tetragynia. Perianth 8-10-parted, permanent with the segments, disposed in a double order, im- bricate in aestivation, outer ones largest. Petals wanting. Throat of perianth furnished with an elevated densely pilose ring. Stamens very numerous, disposed in a multiple order, inserted in the thioat of the perianth; filaments capillary, smooth ; an- thers roundish, 2-celled, bursting outwards lengthwise. Styles 3-4-5, joined in one, crowned by as many pruinose stigmas. Capsule or berry free, crustaceous, valveless, opening by a fissure under the styles. Placentas 4, rarely 3 or 5, narrow, parietal, with lateral branches, alternating with the stigmas. Seeds few at maturity from abortion, pedicellate, roundish-ob- ovate, depressed at the apex, arillate, having a double covering with a little hole at the base perforated even to the embryo. Albumen fleshy, white. Embryo straight, with kidney-shaped, flat cotyledons, and a terete, thick, obtuse radicle. — An erect, branched shrub, with scattered, stalked, elliptic-oblong, or ob- ovate, emarginate, tomentose leaves, rather serrated at the apex. Stipulas 2, small, awl-shaped. Flowers numerous, terminal, corymbose. Peduncles filiform, 1 -flowered, tomentose. Pe- rianth tomentose. Stamens yellow. 1 P. INCA NA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. c.) Ij . S. Native of Peru, among stones, where it is called Lloqui. Leaves oblong- obovate and lanceolate, serrated at the top. Homaliuni incanum, Pers. ench. 2. p. 82. A twiggy shrub. Hoary Pineda. .Shrub 12 feet. Cult. See end of order for culture and propagation. V. BLACKWE'LLIA (in honour of Elizabeth Blackwell, an English artist; she published in 1735 a collection of drawings, entitled Curious Herbal). Comra. mss. Juss. gen. p. 343. Lam. ill. t. 412. but notof Gsert. D. C. prod. 2. p. 54. Lin. syst. Dodecandria, Peniagyn'ia. Calyx with a short tube, adhering to the ovary more or less; limb 10-30-parted, with the lobes in pairs, the inner ones smallest, outer ones larger, bearing glands at their base, but rarely in the middle. .Stamens rising from the tube of the calyx, alternating with the glands, and therefore opposite the petals. Ovary conical above. Styles 3-5. Capsule 1 -celled, many-seeded. Seeds fixed to the parietes. — Small trees, with ovate-toothed leaves, and simple or panicled racemes of flowers, which are probably all whitish. * Racemes panicled. 1 B. INTEGRIFOLIA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 428. ill. t. 412. f. 2.) leaves ovate, blunt, smooth, for the most part quite entire ; panicles terminal. Tj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Flowers dodecandrous. Entire-leaved BXackweWia. Clt. 1823. Tree. 2 B. panicula'ta (Lam. diet. 1. p. 428.) leaves ovate-round- ish, toothed, smooth ; panicles terminal ; flowers decandrous. Tj . S. Native of the island of Bourbon, where it is called Boix a ecorce blanche from its white bark. Vermontea decandra, Comm. ined. ex Steud. nom. p. 111. Flowers white. /■nnu/erf-flowered Blackwellia. Clt. 1820. Tree. 3 B. glau'ca (Vent, choix. t. 55.) leaves ovate- oblong, obtuse, a little toothed, smooth, glaucous ; racemes axillary, panicled ; flowers with 7-8 anthers, and 5 styles. Tj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Flowers white. Glaucous BlackweWia. Clt. 1824. Shrub. 4 B. Nipaule'nsis (D. C- prod. 2. p. 54.) leaves oval, acu- minated, serrate-toothed, smooth ; racemes axillary, panicled ; flowers 6-7-anthered. >j . G. Native of Nipaul. Branches terete, grey marked with lenticular, linear-oblong, white glands. Stipulas deciduous. Leaves 3 inches long, and an inch and a half broad. Racemes branched, many-flowered, a little shorter than the leaves. Flowers small, white. Nipaul Blackwellia. Shrub. 5 B. cerasifolia (Vent, choix. t. 56.) leaves elliptical, acu- minated, toothed, smootji, shining ; racemes axillary, panicled ; flowers pentandrous ; glands in the middle of the lobes of the calyx ; ovary free. Tj ■ S- Native of Madagascar. Leaves like those of the common laurel. Flowers white. Cherry-leaved Blackwellia. Tree. * * Racemes simple, spike-formed. 6 B. AXILLA Ris (Lam. diet. 1. p. 428. ill. t. 412. f. 1.) leaves ovate, a little crenated, smooth ; spikes axillary, long, simple, nodding. I7 . S. Native of Madagascar. Flowers white. ^a:;7/ary-racemed Blackwellia. Clt. 1824. Tree. 7 B. tomentosa (Vent, choix. t. 57.) leaves cuneiformly-ob- ovate, toothed, downy beneath ; spikes axillary and terminal, erect, very long, and simple ; flowers 5-6-anthered. T; . S. Native of Java. Flowers white. Z)oji7i)/-leaved Blackwellia. Tree. 8 B. spira'lis (Wall, in asiat. resear. vol. 13.) leaves obovate, with glandular teeth, rather pubescent beneath ; spikes axillary, very long, nodding ; flowers usually pentandrous. Ij • S. Na- tive of Pegu, in the East Indies. Leaves almost sessile, cuneated at the base, 6-8 inches long, 2-3 broad, with distant blunt ser- ratures. Spikes longer than the leaves, slender, simple, per- haps nodding when fresh, but they are erect in the specimen. Flowers white. J'ar. ji, glaberrima (D. C. prod. 2. p. 55.) leaves smaller, and more coarsely crenate-serrated, smooth, coriaceous ; spikes almost 3 times longer than the leaves, fj . S. Perhaps another species. Spiral Blackwellia. Clt. 1820, Tree 20 feet. HOMALINEiE. VI. Illickua. VII. Riiinantheba. VIII. Astrantiius. IX. Nisa. X. Myriantiieia, S:c. 57 9 B. PADIFLORA (Limll. bot. row]}sis of the Genera. 1 Chaille'iia. Calyx 5-lobed (f. 11. a.). Petals 5, bifid (fll.6.). Stamens 5. Ovary 2-3-celled (f. 1 1./.). Styles 2 (f 11. g.) -3, free, or joined. Drupe dry, containing a 2-3- celled nut (f 11. i. k.). 2 Leucosia. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5. Stamens 5. Ovary 3-seeded. Style 1. Drupe dry, containing a bony nut. 3 Tapura. Calyx 5-parted ; segments fringed. Petals 3, connate and connected with the filaments ; they are divided. Stamens 3. Style 1, trifid. I. CHAILLETIA (in honour of M. Chaillet, a Swiss bo- tanist). D. C. ann. mus. 17. p. 153. with a figure, prod. 2. p. 57. — Patrisia, Rohr. ined. — Mestotes, Soland. mss. ined. Lin. syst. Pentandria, Mono-Trig yitia. Calyx 5-lobed (f. ll.a.). Petals 5, bifid, or emarginate (f. 11. 6.). Stamens 5. Ovary 2-3-celled, 2-3-styled (f. 11./.). Styles free (f. 11. g.), or connected together. Shrubs with axillary cymes or ra- cemes of flowers. Sect. I. Mesto^tes (from jxehtoq, vicslos, full). D. C. prod. 2. p. 57. Styles distinct. 1 C. peduncula'ta (D.C.I, c.) leaves ovate, obtuse, and un- CHAILLETIACE.E. I. C'iiAii.Lr.Ti\. II. Leucosia. III. Tapura. AQUILARINE/E. I. Aqvii.aria. 59 equal at the base ; peduncles diclio- rUJ. 11. tonious, corymbose, ailnate at tiie base to the petiole ; petals bifid ; styles free. It . S. Native of Cayenne. Flowers white (f. 11.). .S7n/A-f(/-fiowered Cliailletia. Sh. Sect. II. Diciiape'talum (from ^t^a, diclia, double, and TrtraXor, petaloti, a petal ; in allusion to the petals being emarijinate). D. C. prod. 2. p. 57. Styles connected together. 2 C. Timorie'nsis (D. C. prod. 2. p. 57.) leaves oval, acuminated at both ends ; peduncles dichoto- mously corymbose, not adhering to the petiole ; petals obtuse, eniarginate ; styles connected to gether. h . S. Native of the island of Timor. Leaves smooth on both surfaces. Calyx and peduncles white from villi. Flowers white. 7'imor Chailletia. Shrub 6 feet. 3 C. dichape'talim (R. Brown, cong. p. 21-.) branches climbing, almost leafless ; flowers in bundles in the axillae of the leaves ; petals bifid; styles joined. y; . ^. S. Native of Madagascar. Dichapetalum Jladagascariense, Pet. Th. gen. mad. no. 78. D. Thouarsianum, Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 324. C. fascicidita, Sprcng. syst. 1. p. 931. Scales 5, at the base of the ovaries. Flowers white. DoMc-petallcd Chailletia. Shrub. 4 C. toxica' RiA (G. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1824. oct. p. 348.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, smooth, coria- ceous, with wavy entire margins, on short stalks ; racemes pa- nicled, axillary, and terminal, pubescent; drupe ovate, pubescent. h . S. Native of the mountains of Sierra Leone, where it is called rat-bane by the colonists, the kernel of the fruit being used for poisoning rats. Flowers small, white. Fruit dry, the size of a plum. Far. ji, compressa (G. Don, 1. c.) fruit roundish-compressed. Po(Sono»i Chailletia. Fl. year. Clt. 1823. Shrub 4 feet. 5 C. ere'cta (G. Don, 1. c.) branches elongated, erect ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, emarginate, entire, smooth, coriaceous, stiff"; flowers axillary ; drupe ovate, roundish, pu- bescent, dry. ^ . S. Native of Sierra Leone, on the moun- tains. Fruit rather larger than those of the preceding species. Erect Chailletia. Fl. Feb. Shrub 8 feet. Cult. See end of order for culture and propagation. II. LEUC0*SIA (from Xfwoc, leucos, white). Pet. Th. gen. mad. no. 79. D. C. prod. 2. p. 58. — Chailletia, spec. R. Br. Lix. SYST. Pentdiidria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5. Stamens 5. Ovary adhering to the calyx, 3-seeded. Style 1. Fruit trigonal, containing a wrinkled bony nut. 1 L. Tiiouarsia'na (Roem. etSchidt. syst. 5. p. 324.). ^.S. Native of Madagascar. A small weak shrub with few-nerved scabrous leaves, which are white from down beneath. Chailletia Leucosia, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 931. Petit Tliouars's Leucosia. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. See end of the order for culture and propagation. III. TAPU'RA (Tapura is the name of the tree in Guiana). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 126. t. 48. Rich. diet. p. 34. D. C. prod. 1. p. 58. — Rohria, Schreb. no. 63. LiN. SYST. Triandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, with unequal, fringed lobes. Petals 3, connected with the filaments at the base, emulating a monopetalous corolla ; the two longest are 2-partcd, the third is short and 3-partcd. Stamens 3. .Style 1, trifid at apex. Fruit unknown. 1 T. Guiane'nsis (Aul)l. guian. 1. c). I; . S. Native of Guiana, in woods on the Serpent Mountain. Rohria petioliflora, Willd. spec. 1. p. 186. Chailletia sessiliflora, D. C. ann. mus. 17. p. 153. t. 1. f. 2. Flowers yellow. The Creoles call it Bois de Golleli. Guiana Tapura. Shrub 8 feet. Cult. The plants of this order are not worth cultivating but in the gardens of the curious, as neither their leaves nor flowers possess any beauty. They will grow in a mixture of loam and peat, and young cuttings will probably strike root in a pot of sand, under a hand-glass, in heat. ■ Order LXXII. AQUILARFNE^E (plants agreeing with Aquilaria in important characters). R. Brown, congo. p. 25. D. C. prod. 2. p. 59. Calyx or pcrigone, turbinate, coriaceous, 5-lobed (f. 12. e.) ; segments ovate, acute, spreading, permanent (f. 12. /(.). Urceo- lus adhering to the bottom of the perigone, 5-parted, with bifid lobes (f. 12. h. d.). Stamens 10 (f 12. b.), with short filaments protruding between the lobes of the urceolus, bearing long ver- satile anthers (f. 12. c). Ovary free (f. 12. c), stipitate ovate, crowned by a short simple stigma. Capsule pear-shaped (f. 12. g.), 2-valved, 2-celled (f 12. /.), with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve (f. 12./.). Seeds solitary in the cells from abortion, arillate or tailed. — Trees, with alternate, feather- nerved, quite entire leaves. This order is not sufficiently known. It differs from Samijdece in the seeds being fixed to a dissepi- ment, not to the parietes ; from Chailletiacece in the seeds being erect, not inverted, as well as in the stamens being twice the number of the lobes of the perigone ; from Thymclcce in the fruit being 2-valved, 2-celled, 2-seeded. The genera are badly defined, and the species are scarcely known. Synojysis of the Genera. 1 Aquila RIA. Perigone 5-cleft (f. 12. e. L). Urceolus 10-lobed (f. 12. d.). Stamens 10 (f. 12. 6.). Anthers versatile (f. 12. e.). Style none. Seeds covered by a spongy substance. 2 Ophispe'rmum. Perigone 6-parted. Urceolus 10-lobed. Stamens 10. Anthers adnate. Seed furnished on the side by a long scolloped wing. 3 Gyrino'ps. Perigone tubular, toothless. Seed furnished w ith a spongy, awl-shaped, triquetrous tail each. I. AQUILA~RIA (from aquila, an eagle; the wood of ^. Malaccensis is called Bois d'Aigle, or eagle-wood, in Malacca). Lam. diet. 1. p. 49. ill. t. 35G. D. C. prod. 2. p. 59. Lin. SYST. Dec/mdria, Monogynia. Perigone 5- cleft(f. 12. £./(.). Urceolus 5-lobed ; lobes bifid (f. 12. d.). Stamens 10. An- thers versatile (f. \2.e.), fixed by the middle. Style none. Seeds covered by a spongy body. 1 A. Malacce'nsis (Lam. 1. c.) leaves ovate, abruptly-acuminated. I? . i2 FIG. 12. 60 AQUILARINEiE. I. Aquilaria. II. Ophispermum. III. Gyrinops. TEREBINTHACEiE. S. Native of Malacca. A. ovata, Cav. diss. 7. p. .377. t. 22 1. Bois d'Aigle, Sonnerat. 'I'he wood is wliitisli-ycliow. Branches ratiier villous. Petioles short, hairy. Stipulas wanting. Leaves quite smooth. For thehistory of this tree see Lam. diet. 1. p. 49. Malacca Eagle-wood. Clt. 182.3. Tree. 2 A. Agallocha (Roxb. hort. bang. p. 33.) f? . S. Native of the East Indies, where it is tailed Ugoor or Ugooroo by the natives, and by Europeans Lignum-aloes or Aloe-wood, but the Aloexylon Loxirclrii is a very distinct plant from this and the following. The wood has a fine scent, and is called Agallo- chuni. This shrub is supposed to be the Calamhac or Jgallo- cliiim of the ancients. jl gallochum or Aloe-wood. Tree. 3 A. secund.Vria (D. C. prod. 2. p. .59.) I^ . S. Native of the Moluccas. Agallochum secundarium, Runiph. amb. 2. t. 10. This species, according to Lamarck, differs from the preceding in the leaves being gradually acuminated, not abruptly so. The wood of this tree has been long used as a perfume, and was formerly an article of the ^lateria Medica, under the names of Agallochum, Lignum Aloes or Aloe-wood. This wood in its natural state is white and inodorous. That which possesses the peculiar aroma, for which it is valued, is supposed to be the consequence of a diseased process in the tree, causing the olea- ginous particles to stagnate and concrete into resin in the inner part of the trunk and branches, by which the natural appearance of the wood is altered, so as to be of a darker colour, and of a fragrant smell. At length the tree dies, and when split the resinous part is taken out. The perfumes which this wood affords are highly esteemed by the oriental nations. This per- fume is said to be useful in vertigo and palsy, given in the form of powder ; it is recommended to restrain vomitings and alvine fluxes. But it seems to contain little else than that camphora- ceous matter common to many other vegetable substances. From its bitter taste it has the name of aloes. The above description may apply to all the species, or perhaps to Aloixylon A gallbcbum. See Lcgutuinhscv. Secondary Aloe-wood. Tree. Cult. See end of order for culture and propagation. II. OPHISPE'RMUM (from o(f>ir, ophis, a snake, and tnrepfia, s;)erma, a seed ; in allusion to the twisted form of the seed). Lour. fl. coch. 281. D. C. prod. 2. p. 59. LiN. SYST. Dccdndria, Monogynia. Perigone 6-parted. Ur- ceolus 10-lobed, tomcntose, placed in the orb at the base of the calyx. Stamens 10 ; anthers standing. Style longer than the stamens, bifid at the apex. Capsules compressed, opening at the apex. Seeds solitary, ovate, acuminate, furnished laterally by a long, somewhat terete, scolloped wing. This is a species of Aqiiilarui according to Mr. R. Brown. 1 O. Sine'nse (Lour. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, wavy. (^ . G. Native of China. Aquiliiria Ophispermum, Poir. diet, scicnc. nat. 18. p. 161. A. Chinensis, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 35G. Calyx and stamens remaining with the capsule. Perigone sometimes 5-parted. China Snake-seed. Tree 60 feet. Cult. See end of order for culture and propagation. III. GYRINOPS (from yi/poc, (iTyroi, a circle, in allusion to the tail of the seed). Gacrt. fruct. 2. p. 276. t. 140. D. C. prod. 2. p. 60. Lin. syst. ? Perigone tubular, short, toothless. Genitals un- known. Seeds furnished with a spongy, corky, triquetrous, awl-shaped tail, descending towards the bottom of the capside. 1 G. Wa'lla (Gsert. 1. c.) ^ . S. Native of Ceylon, where it is called Walla. No part but the fruit of this tree is known. Walla Gyronops. Tree. Cult. The plants of this order are not worth cultivating unless in botanical gardens ; the species will all grow in a mix- ture of loam and peat, and cuttings will strike root in sand under a hand-glass placed in heat. Order LXXIII. TEREBINTHAX^E^. Juss. gen. 368. D. C. prod. 2. p. 61. in part. Anacardiacese, Lindl. introd. nat. syst. 127. Flowers usually unisexual, rarely hermaphrodite. Calyx small and permanent, with 5, or occasionally 3-4 or 7 divisions. Petals equal in number to the divisions of the calyx, perigynous, sometimes wanting, imbricate in aestivation. Stamens equal in number to the segments of the calyx, perigynous, or twice that number, or even more, equal or alternately shorter, some of them sterile ; filaments distinct, or in genera having no calycine disk, cohering at the base. Disk fleshy, annular, or cup-shaped, hypogynous, occasionally wanting. Ovary simple, very rarely 5-6, of which 4 or 5 are abortive, superior, rarely inferior, 1- celled. Styles 1-3, sometimes 4, and sometimes wanting, with an equal number of stigmas. Ovum solitary, attached by a cord to the bottom of the cell. Fruit indehiscent. Seeds exal- buminous. Embryo either with a superior or inferior radicle, but always directed towards the liilum, sometimes suddenly curved back, with leafy or fleshy cotyledons. — Trees or shrubs, full of resinous, gummy, caustic, highly poisonous, or even milky juice. Leaves alternate, simple, ternate, or pinnate, destitute of pellucid dots. Flowers terminal or axillary. All the orders broken oft' from Tcrehinthacece, are very nearly re- lated to each other, and whatever affinity is borne by one of them will be participated in by all the others, in a greater or less degree. They are distinguished from Rlidmnece in their resinous juice, imbricate calyx, and stamens not opposite the petals ; from Celastrinece by several of the same characters and the want of al- bumen ; from Rosacece and Leguminbsa by their dotted leaves, very minute stipulas, if any, resinous juice, solitary ovum, or by some one or other of these characters. Some of the trees contained in this order are celebrated for yielding a clammy juice, w hich is at first white and afterwards becomes black, and is used for varnishing in India. Tlie varnish from Silhet is chiefly procured from Scmecarjnts, one kind from Anacdidium. All these varnishes are dangerous, they inflame the skin and produce painful swellings. A valu- able black lac or varnish is obtained from Stagmdria vernl- cijlua (edin. phil. journ. 6. p. 400.). A black varnish, well known in India, is manufactured from the nuts of Scmecdrpus and the berries of Holigdrnia longifolia, and from the trunk of ISIelanorrhaa. The leaves of some species of Schlmis are so filled with resinous fluid, that the least degree of unusual reple- tion of the tissue, causes it to be discharged ; thus some of them fill the air with their fragrance after rain, and S. molle and some others expel their resin with much violence when immersed in water, so as to have the appearance of spontaneous motion, in consequence of recoil. Schlmis arroeira is said by St. Hilaire to cause swellings on those who sleep under its shade. The fresh juicy bark of the Arrueira shrub, S. molle, is used in Brazil TEREBINTHACEiE. 61 for rubbing newly made ropes, which it covers with a very durable bright dark brown colour. The juice of the same plant is applied by the Indians in diseases of the eyes (Prince Maxi- mil. trav. 270.). The fruit of Scmccdrpus Anacdrdium and Ana- cdrdium occidcnlalc is said to exercise a singular effect on the brain (Verey. bull, pharm. 1814. p. 271.). The bark of Rims glabriim is considered febrifugal, and is also employed as a mor- dant for red colours. Several species of ComucUhtia stain the skin black. The Cashew and the Pistachia are valuable for their nuts, which are well-known articles in the markets of Europe. The Mango is equally famous for its fruit witliin the tropics. Mastich is the produce of Pistacia Unlisciis and Ve- netian turpentine that of Pistacia terchinlhus. The bark of Rhus coriaria is a powerful means of tanning the skins of animals, and several of the species of the same genus produce excellent varnishes. Synopsis of the Genera. Tribe I. Anacardie'x or Cassuvie'/e. Petals and stamens inserted in the call/cine disk or in the calyx. Ovary \, l-celled, 1-ovulaie. Seed sustained by a funicle, rvhich is injlcxed at the apex and rising from the bottom of the cell, exalbuminose. Cotyledons thick, replicate above the radicle. 1 Anaca'rdium. Flowers polygamo-dioecious. Calyx 5- parted. Petals 5, linear. Stamens 10, unequal, some sterile. Style and stigma one. Nut kidney-shaped, seated on a pear- shaped fruit. Leaves simple. 2 Riiinoca'rpus. Flowers polygamo-dioecious. Calyx 5- cleft. Petals 5, oblong. Stamens 10, 4 or 5 of which are only fertile. Style lateral. Nut oblique, compressed, seated on a thick pedicel. Leaves simple. 3 Semeca'rpus. Flowers polj'gamo-dioecious. Calyx 5- cleft. Petals 5, oblong. Ovary 1, sessile, l-celled. Stamens 5, all fertile. Styles 3. Nut compressed, heart-shaped, seated on a thick depressed torus. Leaves simple. 4 Holiga'rna. Male and hermaphrodite flowers on divi- sions of the same tree. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, villous. Stamens 5. Ovary l-celled, 1-seeded. Nut olive-formed, somewhat compressed. Leaves simple. 5 Mangi'fera. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-parted. Pe- tals 5. Stamens 5, 4 of which are usually without anthers. Style 1. Drupe baccate, rather compressed (f 13. b.), contain- ing a fibry woody nut (f. 13. c). Leaves simple. 6 Buchana'nia. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-cleft, rarely 3-4-cleft. Petals 5, inserted under the disk. Stamens 10. Disk 10-crenate. Ovaries 5 or concrete, 4 of which are barren, the styles are therefore 5, and the ovary 1. Drupe rather fleshy, 1-seeded. Leaves simple. 7 Conioge'ton. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 10, equal. Ovaries 4-5, 1 -styled, girded by a denticulated urceolus. Stigmas obtuse. Drupe solitary, con- taining a 1-seeded lenticular nut. Leaves simple. 8 Pista'cia. Flowers dioecious, apetalous, disposed in amentaceous racemes, each scale with 1 flower. Calyx 3-4- cleft. Ovary 1-3-celled. Stigmas 3, thickish. Drupe rather dry, containing a bony, l-celled, 1-seeded nut. Leaves pinnate. 9 Astro'nium. Flowers dioecious. Calyx of 5 coloured sepals. Petals 5. Glands 5 in the disk. Stamens 5. Ovary 1. Styles 3, reflexed. Pericarp membranous, 1-seeded. Leaves impari-pinnate. 10 Melanorrhce'a. Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, ca- ducous, cohering valvately. Petals 5, rarely 6, imbricate in aestivation. Stamens numerous, inserted in the torus. Style 1 . Fruit indehiscent, depressedly kidney-shaped, stalked. Leaves simple. 11 Comocla'dia. Flowers hermaphrodite or monoecious. Calyx 3-4-parted. Petals 3-4, long. Stamens 3-4, short. Ovary 1. Style none. Stigma 1. Drupe l-celled, 1-seeded. Leaves impari-pinnate. 12 Cyrtoca'ri'A. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, sessile, imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 10. Disk large, 10-crenate. Style crowned by a 10-cleft stigma. Drupe obovate, having 5 tubercles above the middle, containing a hard nut. Leaves impari-pinnate. 13 Spathe'lia. Flowers dioecious or polygamous. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, hypogynous. Stamens 5, with tricuspidate filaments. Stigmas 3. Drupe 3-celled, trigonal, 3-winged, sometimes 2-celled and 2-winged. Cells 1 -seeded. Leaves impari-pinnate. Perhaps belonging to Sapindiiccce. 14 Picra'mnia. Flowers dioecious. Calyx 3-5-parted. Pe- tals 3-5. Stamens 3-5. Stigmas 2, sessile. Drupe containing a 2-celled, 2-seeded nut. Leaves impari-pinnate. 1 5 BiscHOFiA. Flowers dioecious. Calyx 5-parted. Petals none. Stamens 5, connate. Ovary 3-celled ; cells 2-ovulate. Stigmas 3, sessile. Fruit containing 3 1-seeded nuts. Leaves trifoliate. IG Sa'bia. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5. Styles 2, contiguous, crowned by an obtuse stigma. Sta- mens 5, inserted in a 5-lobed disk. Drupe 2-lobed ; lobes 1- seeded. Tribe IL Sumachi'ne.e. Petals atid stamens inserted in the ealycine disk or in the calyx. Ovary \, \-celled, l-ovulate. Seed pen- dulous, suspended from a funicle, which rises from the base, exal- buminous. Cotyledons leafy, with the radicle infexed above them, 17 Rhu's. Calyx small, 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 5, all fertile, both in the male flowers and the hermaphrodite ones. Ovary 1, l-celled, 1-seeded. Styles 3, short, or stigmas 3, sessile. Drupe nearly dry, l-celled, containing a l-celled, 1-2-3- seeded bony nut. Leaves variously compound, rarely simple. 18 Mau'ria. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 4-5-lobed, urceolate. Petals 4-5. Stamens 8-10, inserted under the an- nular disk. Ovary 1, sessile, l-celled, 1-seeded. Style very short, crowned by a 3-4-angled stigma. Fruit compressed, rather fleshy. Leaves impari-pinnate. 19 Stagma'ria. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx tubular, irregularly ruptured. Petals 5, inserted in the stipe of the ovary. 62 TEREBINTHACEiE. I. Anacardrm. Stamens 5. Ovaries 1-3, l-styled, only one of which comes to perfection. Berry 1 -seeded. 20 Duva'ua. Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Calyx 4- cleft. Petals i, concave. Stamens 8, inserted under the disk, unequal. Disk urceolate, 8-toothed. Ovary sessile. Styles 3-4, very short, crowned by capitate stigmas. Drupe globose, containing a coriaceous 1 -seeded nut. Leaves simple. 21 ScniNUS. Flowers dioecious. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 10, with the filaments sterile in the male flowers. Ovary sessile. Stigmas 3-4, sessile, collected in a dot. Drupe witli a thin fleshy epicarp, and a 1- seeded bony nut. impari-pinnate. Leaves f Genera allied to TerchinthitcecE, tribe Sumachinece, but are not snffieiently known. * Petals 4-5. Stamens usually 3-5. 22 Trice'ros. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 5. Styles 3, simple. Berry coriaceous, 3-horned, 3-celled, containing 2-3-seeds. Leaves impari-pinnate. 23 TRATTiNicKiA. Male and hermaphrodite flowers mixed. Calyx and corolla campanulate, and 3-toothed. Stamens 5, rising from the disk. Style subulate. Ovary 1. Leaves im- pari-pinnate. 24 Hue'rtea. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, sessile. Stamens 5. Style bifid, acute. Drupe obovate, containing a 1 -seeded, 1 -celled nut. Leaves impari-pinnate. 25 Ru'mpiiia. Calyx tubular, 3-cleft. Petals 3. Stamens 3. Style 1. Drupe coriaceous, turbinate, 3-furrowed, contain- ing a 3-celled, 3-seeded nut. 26 Ba'bbylus. Calyx 4-5-cleft, campanulate. Petals 4-5, rising from the margin of the calyx. Stamens 8-10, rising from the bottom of the calyx. Capsule 3-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Leaves pinnate. * * Petals wanting. Stamens 10-12. 27 Luxa'nea. Flowers polygamous. Calyx coloured, 5- parted. Disk concave, 10-toothed. Stamens 10, inserted in the disk, and adnate to the outside of it. Ovary crowned by 5 stigmas. Capsule 1 -celled, valveless (Rafin), half locular, 2- valve.l (Lunan). Leaves simple. 28 Heterode'ndron. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 4-5- toothed. Stamens 10-12, hypogynous. Anthers 2-celled. Ovary bluntly 2-4-gonal, 2-4-celled, hairy. Style hardly any. Leaves simple. 29 Styloba'sium. Calyx urceolate, bluntly 5-lobcd. Stamens 10, liypogynous. Anthers 2-celIed. Ovary biovvdate, bearing a filiform style laterally at the base, crowned by a capitate stigma. DrApe 1-celled, 1-seeded, girded by the calyx. Leaves simple. Flowers usually polygamous from abortion. 30 Gneo'rum. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 3-4-toothed. Petals 3-4, imbricate in aestivation. Torus subglobose. Sta- mens 3-4. Stigmas 3-4. Drupes 3-4, baccate, joined to an axis, each containing a 2-celled putamen ; cells 1-seeded. Leaves entire. 31 Suria'na. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, hypogynous. Stamens 5-10, some of them usually abortive. Carpels 5, bearing each on the side laterally a filiform style. Seed exalbuminous. Tribe I. ANACARDIE'jE (trees agreeing with Anac^rdium in im- portant characters) or CASSUVIE'jE. R. Br. congo. p. 12. D. C. prod. 2. p. 62. Petals and stamens inserted in the caly- cine disk or in the calyx. Ovary 1 from abortion, 1-celled, containing 1 ovum. Seed sustained by a funicle rising from the bottom of the cell, which is inflexed at the apex, without albu- men. Cotyledons tliick, replicate above the radicle. L ANACA'RDIUM (from aya, ana, without, and Kapcia, kardia, a heart ; the nut is heart-shaped, and borne on the out- side of the fruit). Rottb. coll. hafn. 2. p. 252. D. C. prod. 2. p. 62. — Acajiiba, Ga?rt. fruct. 1. t. 40. Acajou, Tourn. inst. 435. Cassiivium, Lam. diet. 1. p. 22. ill. 322. Lin. syst. Poli/gamia, Dice'cia. Flowers polygamo-dioe- cious. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, linear, acuminated. Stamens 10, connate at the base, the tenth elongated and fertile. Style and stigma 1, lateral. Nut reniform, umbilicated, seated late- rally on a fleshy, wide, pear-shaped peduncle, or what may be called a nut, seated on a fruit. Seed in conformity to the nut. Embryo erect, with half-moon-shaped cotyledons, and an exserted radicle. — Trees vvitli entire, feather-nerved leaves, and terminal panicles of flowers. 1 A. occidenta'le (Lin. spec. 548.) leaves oval, cuneated, very blunt, somewhat emarginate, obovate-oblong, entire, smooth ; panicle terminal, divaricate. Tj . S. Flowers small, of a dirty red colour, sweet-scented. Var. a, Americanum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 62.) peduncle thick, about 10-times larger than the nut ; longest filament bearing a globe-shaped anther, whicli is a little dilated at the apex. ^. S. Native of the West Indies, and of most parts of South America. Jacq. amer. 1. t. 181. f. 35. pict. t. 121. Black, herb. t. 369. Catesb. car. 3. t. 9. Jar. /3, I'ndicum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 62.) peduncle thick, scarcely 3-times Larger than the n\it ; longest filament bearing a thick anther, the rest abortive. Tj . S. Native of the East India Islands. Rumph. amb. 1. p. 177. t. 69. Rheed. mal. 3. t. 54. Probably the American plant is a distinct species. The Cashew-nut never exceeds 20 feet in heigth ; it com- monly rises to 12 or 16 feet, with spreading branches. The fruit or apple, or what is called above the thickened peduncle, has an agreeable, somewhat acid flavour, with some degree of astringency. It is sometimes of a yellowish, sometimes of a red colour. The juice expressed from it and fer- mented, yields a pleasant wine, and distilled a spirit is drawn from it, far exceeding arrack or rum, making an admirable punch, and powerfully promoting urine. Some planters in tlie West Indies and elsewhere roast the ripe fruit, or slice one or two into a bowl of punch to give it a pleasant flavour. The astringency of the juice has recommended it as a very signal remedy in dropsical habits. The nut springs from one end of the apple or peduncle. It is of the size and shape of a hare's kidney, but is much larger at the end next the fruit than at the other. The outer shell is of an ash-colour and very smooth, under this is another which covers the kernel, between these there is a thick inflammable oil, which is very caustic, this will raise blisters on the skin and lias often been very troublesome to those who liave incautiously put the nuts into their mouths to break the shell. This oil has been used with great success in eatmg off" ring-worms, cancerous ulcers, and corns, but it ought TEREBINTHACE.i:. II. Rhinocarpus. III. Semecarpus. IV. Holioarna. G.} to be applied with caution. The kernel, when fresh, has a most delicious taste, and abounds with a sweet milky juice. The broken kernels are sometimes imported for mixing with old Madeira wines, the flavour of which they improve. It is an in- gredient in puddings, &rc. &c. When older it is usually roasted, and in this state is not so proper for costive liabits. Ground with cacao it makes an excellent chocolate. When kept too long it becomes shrivelled, and loses its flavour and best quali- ties. The thick oil of tlie shell tinges linen of a rusty iron colour, which can hardly be got out ; and if any wood be smeared with the oil it prevents it from decaying. It would therefore be an excellent preserver to house timbers. From the body of the tree is procured by tapping or incision a milky juice, whicii will stain linen of a deep black tjiat cannot be washed out again. The tree also annually exudes from 5 to 10 or 12 pounds weight of a fine semitransparent gum, similar to gum Arabic, and not inferior to it in virtue or quality, which perhaps renders it in some respects more valuable. Casheiv-imt or JVestern Anacardium. Fl. year. Clt. 1C99. Tree 16 feet. Cult. A light loamy soil answers the species of Cashew-nut, and ripened cuttings, with their leaves on, root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. II. RHINOCA'RPUS (from ^ly rhin, a snout, and kopTroc, karpos, a fruit ; fruit ending in a snout). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. o. t. COl. Lin. syst. Polygamia, Dice'cia. Flowers polygamous. Pe- tals oblong, reflexed. Stamens 1 0, very unequal, 2 or 4 bearing anthers, the rest sterile, with the filaments connate at the base and adnate to the petals. Style sublateral, crowned by an obtuse stigma. Fruit oblique, compressed? 1 -seeded, on a thick fleshy pedicel. — A tree with the habit of Anacardium, having siiuple, scattered, entire, obovate, exstipulate leaves, and a terminal corymbose raceme of flowers, with racemose bracteate pedicels. 1 R. exce'lsa (Bert. ined. H, B. et Kunth, 1. c). h . S. Na- tive of South America in St. Martha, Tobago, and New Granada. Anacardium rhinocarpus, D. C. prod. 2. p. 62. Tall Rhinocarpus. Tree 140 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see last genus. III. SEMECA'RPUS (from (Ti^iewi', scmeion, a mark, and Kapwoc, karpos, a fruit ; use of juice). Lin. fil. suppl. 25. Kunth, gen. tereb. p. 5. D. C. prod. 2. p. 62. — Anacardium, Lam. diet. 1. p. 139. ill. t. 208. Gaert. ftuct. 40. Lin. SYST. Pobjgam'ia, Dia c'la. Flowers polygamo-dioecious. Calyx flat, 5-cleft. Petals .5, oblong. Stamens 5, all bearing anthers. Disk urceolar in the bottom of the flower. Ovary 1, sessile, girded by a tumid ring, 1-celled ? Styles 3. Stigmas obtuse, emarginate. Nut compressed, heart-shaped, seated on a depressed, thickened torus. Seed conforming to the nut. Embryo inverted, with fleshy cotyledons and a 2-leaved plu- mule, with a small radicle lying at the top between the cotyle- dons.— Trees with entire feather-nerved leaves and axillary and terminal panicles of flowers. 1 S. Anacardium (Lin. fil. suppl. 1 S2.) leaves oblong, blunt- ish, glaucous beneath, more or less covered on the nerves beneath with scabrous down ; panicle terminal, toraentose. '^ . S. Na- tive of the East Indies, on mountains. Anacardium orientale officinale, Anacardium officinarum, Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 192. Jar. a, angustifdlium (B.C. prod. 2. p. 62.) leaves taper- pointed at both ends. Rumph. amb. 1. t. 70. Anacardium longifolium, Lam. diet. 1. p. 140. S. Cassiivium, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 9.36. far. (i, cuneifolium (D. C. prod. 2. p. 62.) leaves wedge- shaped and acuminated at the base, blunt at the apex. 1 Var. y, oltusiihculiim (D. C. prod. 2. p. 63.) leaves obovate, blunt at both ends. Roxb. cor. 1. t. 12. Anacardium latifo- lium, Laiu. diet. 1. y>. 139. P. S. Perhaps all these varieties are as many species. These are lofty trees with spreading branches. Leaves about eighteen inches long, and about 4 or 5 broad. Flowers small, of a greenish-yellow colour. Receptacle of the fruit when ripe yellow, about the size of the nut, which is black ; tlie cover or shell is composed of 2 laniin;r, the inner hard, the outer less so and leathery, between them are cells, which contain the black, corrosive, resinous juice, for which this nut has been long known; the juice is of a pale milk-colour till perfectly ripe, when it becomes black. The wood of this tree is reckoned of no use, not only on account of its softness, but also because it contains much acrid juice, which renders it d.ingerous to cut down and work upon. Tlie fleshy receptacles on which the seeds rest are roasted in the ashes and eaten by the natives ; their taste is very like that of roasted apples : unroasted they taste astringent and acrid, leaving a painful sensation on the tongue for some time. The kernels are rarely eaten. The green fruit, well pounded into a pulp, makes good bird-lime. The pure, black, acrid juice of the shell is employed by the natives externally to remove rheumatic pains, aches, and sprains ; in tender constitutions it often produces inflammation and swelling; but where it has not these effects it is .an efficacious remedy. It is employed by the Telinga physicians in the cure of almost every kind of venereal complaint. It is in general use for marking cotton cloths ; the colour is improved and prevented from running by a little mixture of quick-lime and water. This juice is not soluble in water, and is only diffiisable in spirits of wine, for it soon falls to the bottom, unless the menstruum be previously alkalised. The solution is then pretty complete, and of a deep black colour. It sinks in expressed oils, but unites perfectly with them : alka- line lixivium acts upon it with no better success than plain water. Officinal Anacardium or Marking Fruit. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Tree 50 feet. Cidt. For culture and propagation see Anacardium. IV. HOLIGA'RNA (from the appellation of the tree in the language of Karnata). Roxb. hort. beng. p. 22. cor. 3. p. 79. t. 282. D. C. prod. 2. p. 63. Lin. syst. Polijgamia, Dicecia. Flowers polygamous, male and female flowers in different divisions of the tree. Calyx 5- toothed. Petals 5, broadest at the base, and somewhat concrete, oblong, villous. Stamens 5, shorter than the corolla. Ovary in the hermaphrodite flowers adnate to the calyx, 1-celled, 1- seeded. Nut olive-formed, ovate, somewhat compressed, con- taining a valveless nut. Albumen wanting. Embryo inverted. Cotyledons thick. Radicle oblong, situated above the apex. — A tall Indian tree, with oblong, acuminated, feather-nerved, entire, smooth, coriaceous leaves, which are crowded towards the tops of the branches. Petioles short, bearing a bristle on each side. Panicles axillary. Flowers white. This genus is allied to Semecarpus. 1 H. LONGiFoLiA (Roxb. cor. 3. t. 282.) Ij . S. Native of the East Indies, on the mountains of Malabar and Chittagong. - — Rheed. mal. 4. p. 20. t. 9. ex Roxb. and therefore referable to Mangifera racemosa. Lam. ill. 2. p. 113. The natives of Malabar by incision extract an exceedingly acrid juice, which they use as varnish. The nut is about the size of an olive, con- taining between the lamina numerous cells filled with black, rather thick, acrid fluid, as that of Semecarpus, which is also used as varnish. Long-leaved Holigarna. Tree 60 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Anacardium. 64 TEREBINTHACE^. V. Mangifera. VI. Buchanania. V. MANGI'FERA (from Mango, the name of the fruit, and fero, to bear). Lin. gen. no. 278. Gasrt. fruct. 2. t. 100. Kunth. gen. tereb. p. 3. D. C. prod. 2. p. 63. LiN. SYST. Poii/g(iiiiifi,Mo>ioe'cia. Flowers polygamous. Ca- lyx 5-parted, deciduous. Petals 4-5. Stamens 5, 4 of these are usually barren. Style 1. Dru]>e baccate, somewhat com- pressed (f. 13. b.), containing a woody fibrous nut (f. 13. c). Seed ovate-oblong. Embryo erect, with fleshy cotyledons, and a short radicle. — Indian trees, with long, entire, feather-nerved leaves, and terminal panicles of flowers. Fruit eatable. 1 M. I'ndica (Lin. spec. 290.) FIG. 13. leaves oblong-lanceolate, stalked ; panicle terminal, erect ; petals spreading at the apex ; 1 stamen fertile, the rest abortive ; drupe somewhat kidney-shaped, smooth. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies, but now cidtivated in every part of the world within the tropics. Lam. ill. t. 138.— Rheed. mal. 4. t. 1 and2.M. A'mba, Forsk. descr. 305. M. domestica, Gaert. 1. c. — Rumph. amb. 1. p. 93. t. 95. The Mango tree is tall, with a spread- ing top, and when in flower not unlike sweet-chesnut. The wood co is a little brown, and used only for indifferent works. The leaves are 7 or 8 inches long, and 2 or more broad, of a fine strong green, and grow in bunches at the extremity of the branches. The flowers are whitish, streaked with yellow ; these are disposed in loose terminal bunches or panicles. The fruit when fully ripe is yellow and reddish, or speckled with black, replete with a fine agreeable juice ; some are full of fibres, and the juice runs out of these on cutting, or with a little handling ; but those which have few or no fibres are much the finest ; they cut like an apple, but are more juicy, and some are said to be as large as a man's fist, but the most common are about the size and appear- ance of a small golden pippin apple. It is esteemed a very wholesome fruit, and is con.sidered the finest tropical fruit, with the exception of mangostan, and some of the finest pine apples. In India jellies, preserves, tarts, &c. are made from the unripe fruit. Gentlemen within the tropics eat hardly any other fruit in the hot months, but if no wine be drank with it, the Mango is apt to throw out boils, at least with new comers, which .ire, how- ever, conducive to health. In Europe we have only the unripe fruit brought over in pickle. There are numerous varieties of the Mango, chiefly differing in the size, colour, flavour, and figure of the fruit, as apples and pears do in Europe. Rctsius says, there are numerous species, the number of stamens being double in some, the racemes in others compound; the fruit kid- ney-shaped, globular, fleshy or almost juiceless. The fruit of the finest Mangos have a rich sweet-perfutned flavour, accom- panied by a grateful acidity. /«(/;«« or Common Mango. El. Ju. Sep. Clt. 1690. Tr. 50 ft. 2 M. macroca'ri'a (Blum, bijdr. 1158.) leaves scattered on long stalks, elongated, linear-lanceolate ; fruit large. Tj . S. Native of Java. Long-fruiled Mango-tree. Tree 60 feet. 3 M. Foi'TiDA (Lour. fl. cochin. IGO.) leaves cunoated, lan- ceolate, acute, stiff', on short stalks ; panicles of flowers erect, terminal, spreading ; corolla funnel-shaped, with the segments at length, reflexed; drupe heart-shaped, downy. Ij . S! Native of Cochin-china, Java, and the Moluccas. Rumph. amb. 1. t. 28. Leaves about the size of those of the common mango, on long petioles, and scattered. Flowers red, disposed in terminal panicles, usually monandrous. The fruit is fleshy, strong- scented, of an acid flavour, and unwholesome, but is eaten by the Malays. The wood, though not very good, is used for floors, and lasts very well if it be soaked a considerable time in water. Ft'/«/ Mango. Clt. 18i4. Tree 50 feet. 4 M. GLAu'cA (Blum, bijdr. 1158.) leaves on short petioles, scattered, large, elliptic-oblong, tapering to both ends, glauces- cent beneath ; panicle terminal, divaricated, shorter than the leaves. Ij . S. Native of the Moluccas, where it is called Manga utan. Gliincuus Mango. Fl. July. Tree 50 feet. 5 M. LAXiFLoRA (Dcsr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 97.) leaves broad- lanceolate, sessile ; panicles loose, pendulous ; flowers pentan- drous ; drupe roundish. Tj . S. Native of the Mauritius. This is probably referable to M. pentSndra of Lour. Flowers white. Fruit eatable ? Lax-Jloirered Mango. Tree 40 feet. 6 M. opposiTiFOLiA (Roxb. hort. beng. 1 8.) leaves opposite, stalked, lanceolate, tapering to both ends ; panicles axillary and terminal, shorter than the leaves ; stamens 4-5, fertile ; drupe smooth, compressed. ^ . S. Native of Pegu and Java, where it is called Gandaria, and Meriam at Rangoon. Flowers pale- yellow. Drupe pale-yellow, the size of a small pullet's egg, and is imiversally eaten in Burma. Op'piisite-leaved Mango. Tree 30 feet. 7 M. sylva'tica (Roxb. 1. c. fl. ind. 2. p. 438.) leaves alter- nate, lanceolate, glossy; panicles terminal; flowers monandrous; drupe smooth, obliquely-conical, with the point turned to one side. Vi . S. Native of Silhet, in the East Indies. Lukshmee is the vernacular name of this tree in Silhet. The fruit is like that of the common mango, and yellow ; and is eaten by the natives, though by no means so palatable as the worst kind of the common mango. It is also dried by the natives and kept for medicinal purposes. Hood Mango. Tree. 8 M. QUADRiFiDA (Jack. mss. Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 440.) leaves alternate, lanceolate, tapering to the base ; panicles loose, axil- lary ; flowers quadrifid, monandrous ; petals 4, glandular in the middle. Tj . S. Native of Sumatra, &c. Flowers small, white. Nectary of 4 round fleshy lobes. Fruit roundish, becoming very dark. Qtiridrifid-ftovrered Mango. Tree 60 feet. 9 M. c.'e'sia (Jack. mss. W.all. fl. ind. 2. p. 441.) leaves alter- nate, stiff", broad-lanceolate, tapering to the base ; panicle ter- minal, erect, tomentose, glaucous ; flowers monandrous ; petals erect; fruit oblong. Tj . S. Native of Sumatra. Corolla pur- ple within, but paler without. Fruit oblong-ovate, of a pale-red colour. Greij Mango. Tree 60 feet. Cidt. This is a fine genus of tropical fruit trees. Sandy loam, or a mixture of loam and peat, is the best soil for them. Fresh seed brought from the places of their natural growth will vegetate freely. The species may also be increased by ri- pened cuttings. In tropical countries, the best varieties are pre- served by gral'ting, as apples are with us. VI. BUCHANA^NIA (in honour of Francis H,imilton, M.D; formerly Buchanan, of Leny in Scotland, an excellent botanist, and great traveller in the East ; formerly superintendent of the botanical garden at Calcutta). Roxb. hort. beng. p. 32. D. C. prod. 2. p. 63. — Launzan, Buch. in asiat. res. 5. p. 123. — Buchanania and Cambessedea, Kunth. gen. tereb. p. 4 and 6. LiN. SYST. Decindria, Pentagynia. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-cleft, rarely 3-4-cleft, obtuse. Petals 5, inserted under the disk, oblong, revolute, imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 10, shorter than the petals. Disk furnished with 10 crenatures, TEREBINTHACE/E. VI. Bicii.vkania. VII. Coniogeton. VIII. Pistacia. G5 involviniT the ovary. Ovaries !>, concrete, or .npproximatc, 4 of « liicli are abortive, reduced to tlie styles. Styles therefore 5, and ovary single, almost covered by the disk. Drupe ohovatc, rather fleshy, 1-seeded. SJeed recurved, resiinir on a funiele, which rises from the bottom of the cell. — Indian trees, with simple, (piite entire, coriaceous, smooth, feather-nerved leaves, and axillary panicles of flowers, crowded at the tops of the branches. Flowers small, white. Fruit red. Nut oily. In the leaves this genus appears to be allied to Mangifera, but in the fruit it is more nearly allied to Spondias. 1 B. LATiFoLiA (Roxb. Iiort. beng. 32.) branches of panicle hairy, crowded with flowers, assuming the appearance of a corymb at the tops oi the branches. I; . S. Native of the East Indies. Leaves G inches long, and 3 broad, blunt at both ends. Fruit eatable '. Broad-lcavcd \i\\ch:^nM^\3l. Clt. 1820. Tree 30 feet. 2 B. ANGUSTiFOLiA (Roxb. liort. beng. 32.) branches of pani- cle smooth, rather loose, axillary. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies, particularly in Mysore. Mangifera axillaris. Lam. diet. 3. p. ()!)7. Spondias simplicifolia, Rottl. in Willd. nov. act. nat. cur. ber. 4. p. 87. Liindia mangifero'ides, Puer. herb. Cambes- sedea, Kunth, gen. tereb. p. 4. Leaves oval-oblong, 3-4 inches long, \\ broad, blunt or emarginate at the apex. Fruit the size of a large cherry, and perlia])s eatable. Nanon'-lcaicd Buchanania. Clt. 1820. Tree 50 feet. 3 B. LANCE.EFOLiA (Roxb. 1. c.) Tj . S. Native of Chitta- gong, in the East ladies. This species is only known by name. Lancc-leavcd Buclianania. Tree. Cult. A light loamy soil is the best for these trees, and ripened cuttings will root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. VII. CONIOGE'TON (meaning unknown). Blum, bijdr. 1156. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Tetra-Pcntagijitia. Calyx inferior, 5- parted. Petals 5. Stamens 10, equal. Ovaries 4-5, 1-styled, 1 -ovulate, girded by a denticulated urceolus. Stigmas obtuse. Drupe solitary, baccate, containing a 1-seeded lenticular nut. — A tree, witlv alternate, simple, cuneate-oblong, obtuse, quite entire, smooth leaves ; flowers in terminal panicles. 1 C. arbore'scens (Blum, bijdr. 1156.) Ij . S. Native of Java. Arborescent Coniogeton. Tree 30 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Buchanania. VIII. PISTA'CIA (TTioTcuia is altered from the Arabic word foustaq, the name of P. vera). Lin. gen. no. 1108. Lam. ill. t. 811. Kunth, gen. tereb. p. 7. D. C. prod. 2. p. 64. — Terebin- thus, Juss. gen. 371. Lin. syst. Dice^cia, Pentindrla. Flowers dioecious, apetalous. Male ones disposed in amentaceous scaly racemes, with a flower to each scale. Calyx 5-cleft. Stamens 5 ; anthers almost ses- sile, tetragonal. Female flowers disposed in more loose racemes, with a 3-4-cleft calyx. Ovary 1-3-celled. Stigmas 3, thickish. Drupe dry, ovate, containing a somewhat bony nut, usually 1- celled, and 1-seeded, sometimes bearing laterally 2, abortive cells. Seeds solitary in the cells, fixed to the bottom of the cells, without albumen. Cotyledons thick, fleshy, oily, with a superior lateral radicle. Trees with pinnate leaves. 5i 1. Leaves hnpar'i-pinnate, deciduous. — Tercbint/ius, Tourn. inst. I. 345. 1 P. VE RA (Lin. spec. 1454.) leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate, tapering a little to the base, rather mucronate at the apex ; fruit ovate, pointed. T; . H. Native of Syria, from whence it has been VOL. II. introduced to Italy by the emperor Vitellius, when he was legate in that province. It is now to be found throughout the whole region of the jlediterranean. — Pistacia ofliciuarum, Ilort. kew. — Black, icon. t. 461. Duh.ed. nov.4. t. 17. I' lowers small, brownish, green. Fruit panicled, about an inch long, ovate, with an oblique point, reddish, well known for the sake of its nut at our tables. The green internal hue of the kernel is remarkable. The Pistachia or Pistach nut is brought from several parts of Asia, chiefly from Alepi)o and Persia. When wrapped in all its coats, it is the size of a green almond, but when stript of all but its shell it resembles a small nut. The kernel is red without, and green within, and its taste very agreeable. Pistachias have been reckoned aperitive, and proper to give vigour, and used in emul- sions, &c. in phthisical and nephritieal cases. They also enter into several ragouts, and are comfited, made into conserves, ivc. The fruit is rarely eaten raw, because of the ill effects it pro- duces. There is a kind of false Pistachia nut brought from the West Indies, which is sometimes confounded with the real one. yVwe Pistachia-nut-tree. Fl. Ap. May. Clt. 1770. Tree 20 ft. 2 P. RETICULATA (Willd. spec. 4. p. 751.) leaves ternate and pinnate, with roundish, abrupt, somewhat pointed leaflets, which taper to the base, and are strongly reticulated with prominent veins ; fruit roundish-oval, obtuse. t; . H. Native of Sicily and Syria. P. trifcMia, Lin. spec. 1454. P. Narboncnsis, Lin. spec. 1454. — Bocc. mus. 2. t. 93. Leaflets usually 5, rarely 3, when young downy at the margin. The fruit of this species is as good as the true Pistachia-nut. JicticulaUd-\ea.ved Pistachia-nut. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1752. Tree 20 feet. 3 P. Terebi'nthus (Lin. spec. 1455.) leaflets usually numer- ous, ovate-lanceolate, rounded at the base, acute, and mucro- nate at the apex. Tj . H. Native of the south of Europe, and north of Africa. Woodv. med. hot. 415. t. 153. — Blackvv. t. 478. Diih. arb. ed. 1. vol. 2. t. 87. P. vulgaris, Tourn. inst. 579. There is a fine female tree of this species in Chelsea gar- den, near the gate, which for want of male blossoms can never perfect its fruit. Leaves with 3 to 0 pair of leaflets, with an odd one. Their red hue when young is beautiful. Flowers in large compound panicles. Anthers dull-yellow. Stigmas crimson. Fruit hardly bigger than a large pea. Galls of the same shape are found on the leaves, and very large oblong ones like legumes are often produced from the yoimg branches. The resin of this tree is the Chian or Cyprus-turpentine, generally preferred for medical use to what is obtained from the fir tribe, but it is scarcely to be had without adulteration. This resin is obtained by wounding the bark of the trunk in several places, during the month of July, leaving a space of about 3 inches between the wounds ; from these the turpentine is received on stones, upon which it becomes so much condensed by the coldness of the night, as to admit of being scraped off with a knife, which is always done before sunrise ; in order to free it from all extra- neous admixture it is again liquified by the sun's heat, and passed through a strainer ; it is then fit for use. The quantity produced is very inconsider.able, 4 large trees, 60 years old, only yielding 2 pounds 9 ounces and 6 drachms, but in the eastern part of Cyprus and Chio the trees afford somewhat more, though still so little as to render it very costly, and on this account it is commonly adulterated, especially with other tur- pentines. The best Chio turpentine is usually about the con- sistence of thick honey, very tenacious, clear, and almost trans- parent, white, inclining to yellow, and of a fragrant smell, mode- rately warm to the taste, but free from acrimony and bitterness. For the medicinal qualities of the turpentine, see Piuus Larix. vol. iv. Far. ft, sphcerocdrjia (D. C. prod. 2. p. 64.) fruit larger, and rounder than in the species. — J. Bauh. hist. 1. p. 278. with a K 66 TEREBINTHACEiE. VIII. Pistacia. figure. Native of the Levant, and is said to be cultivated in the garden of Nemaus. Turpentine Pistacia or Venetian or Chian Turpentine-tree. Fl. June, July. Clt. 10.56. Tree 30 feet. 4 P. Atla'ntica (Dcsf. atl. 2. p. 364.) leaflets usually 9, lan- ceolate, tapering to the base ; petiole between the terminal pair a little \vina;ed. fj . H. Native of Barhary, very common in sandy uncultivated fields near Coffa, vi'here many being in rows it is plain that this tree was cultivated at the foot of the mountains near Mayane and Tlemsen, Src. This is a large tree, with a thick roundish head. Leaflets 7 to 9. Male flowers disposed in terminal thyrse-like racemes. Stamens 5, but some- times 7. Anthers deep red. Pollen yellow. Female flowers disposed in loose panicled racemes. Style purple. Drupe rather fleshy, about the size of a pea when ripe, blueish, containing a roundish nut. From the bark of the trunk and branches flows at different seasons of the year, but especially in summer, a resinous juice, hardening in the air, of a pale-yellow colour, of an aromatic smell, and taste that is not unpleasant, scarcely to be distinguished from oriental mastick, and known by the same naine of Heulc among the Moors. It is inspissated into lamellae round the branchlets, or into irregular globules, differing in thickness and shape, frequently as big as the end of the finger or thuvnb, some of which drop from the tree, and are found scat- tered on the ground. The Arabs collect this substance in autumn and winter, and make the same use of it as of the mas- tick from Chio, chewing it to give a pleasant smell to the mouth and brightness to the teeth. At the foot of Mount Atlas this tree is larger than any other which grows there, but the resinous juice is softer, and of a much less pleasant smell and taste than that which flows from the trees of the desert, which is probably occasioned by the climate being cooler, and the soil more moist and fertile. The leaves have often red galls on them resem- bling berries. The Moors eat the drupes, and bruise them to mix with their dates. Var. ji, latifdlla (D. C. prod. 2. p. 64.) leaflets rounded and broader at the base than in those of the species. I7 . F. Native of the island of Chio, and is said to be the same as that which grows about Constantinople. /^; . G. Native of Mexico, near Chilpancingo. Aleman Turpentinc-trcc. Tree 30 feet. 6 P. FAGAROiDEs (WiUd. euum. suppl. 66.) leaflets ovate, blimt ; petioles winged. ^2 • G. Native of? Fruit unknown. Fagara-Uke Pistachia-tree. Shrub 10 feet. 7 P. OLEOSA (Lour. fl. coch. 615.) leaves imparl or abruptly pinnate; leaflets 4-7, ovate-lanceolate; young fruit echinatcd. Vl . G. Native of Cochin-china, as well as the Moluccas. Cussambium, Rumph. amb. 1. t. 57. The nuts of fruit contain a yellow, bitterish, sweet-scented, thin oil, which thickens on exposure to the air. It is used to anoint the heads of the natives, and also to scent ointments. Oihj Turpentine-tree. Tree 20 feet. ^ 2. Lentiscus (from lentesco, to be clammy ; it is from the P. Lenliscus that mastick is obtained, which comes from the word mastico, to chew ; because it is thus used in Chio, and by the Turkish women to sweeten their breath)- Touin. inst. ji. 380. Leaves iiermanent, abruptly innnate. 8 P. LENTi'scus (Lin. spec. 1455.) leaflets 8, lanceolate; petiole winged. Ij . H. Native of the south of Europe and north of Africa, both wild and cultivated in gardens. Woodv. nied. bot. t. 152. Blackw. t. 195. Duh. arb. ed. nov. 4. t. 18. Leaves with 3 or 4 pairs of small leaflets. Both male and female flowers come out in loose racemes from the sides of the branches ; they are of a green colour. The fruit when ripe is brownish. Fabricius remarks, that the male plant in time pro- duces hermaphrodite flowers, with 3 stamens and 5 styles. It has been observed by Gouan that the buds are different from those of the other sorts, the branch-bearing buds being termi- nating, the flowering buds in both sexes axillary and in pairs ; hence the aments are also in pairs. The leaves have sometimes 5 leaflets on each side. The petioles are so much winged that the leaves may be called articulately-pinnate ; they are usually terminated by a thread instead of a leaflet. Desfontaiiis informs us that the Lentiscus or Mastick-tree in Barbary is little if at all resinous, though the branches and bark of the trunk were wounded at different seasons ; that the wood, however, yields an aromatic smell on burning ; and that the berries yield an oil fit both for the lamp and the table. In the island of Chio the officinal mastick is obtained most abundantly by making transverse inci- sions in the bark of the tree, whence the mastick exudes in drops, which is suffered to run down to the ground, and after they are concreted, they are collected for use. These incisions are made at the beginning of August, when the weather is very dry, and are continued to the end of September. Mastick is a resinous substance, brought to us in small, yellowish, transparent, brittle grains or tears ; it has a light agreeable smell, especially when rubbed or heated ; on being chewed it first crumbles, soon after sticks together, and becomes soft and white like wax, without impressing any considerable taste. It totally dissolves, except the earthy impurities, which are commonly in no great quantity, in rectified spirit of wine, and then discovers a greater degree of warmth and bitterness, and has a stronger smell than the resin in substance. Boiled in water, it impregnates the liquor with its smell, but gives out little or nothing of its substance ; distilled with water, it yields a small quantity of limpid essential oil, in smell very fragrant, in taste moderately pungent. Rectified spirit brings over also in distillation the more volatile odorous matter of the mastick. It is a common practice with the Turkish women to chew this resin, especially in the morning, not only to render their breath more agreeable, but to whiten the teeth, and strengthen the gums ; they also mix it with their fragrant waters, and burn it with other odoriferous substances in the way of fumigation. It is used in Europe by japanners in some of their varnishes. As a medicine, mastick is considered to be a mild corroborant and astringent ; and as possessing a balsamic power it has been recommended in haemoptysis proceeding from ulcera- tion, fluor albus, debility of the stomach, and in diarrhoeas and internal ulcers. Chewing this drug has likewise been said to be of use in pains of the teeth and gums, and in some catarrhal com- plaints ; it is now, however, seldom used either externally or internally. The wood is received into the Materia Medica in some foreign Pharmacopoeias, and is highly extolled in dyspeptic, gouty, htemorrhagic, and dysenteric affections ; but its chief fame at present is in Portugal, where it serves for toothpicks. These are rather neater than if made of common deal. Var. ft, angust'ifbUa (D. C. prod. 2. p. Qo.) leaflets almost linear. I^ . H. P. Massiliensis, Mill. diet. P. angustifolia Massiliensis, Tourn. 580. This shrub scarcely ever exceeds 1 0 feet in height. Far. y, Chia (Didiam. ed. nov. 4. p. 72.) leaflets ovate. Tj . F. Native of the island of Chio. P. Chia, Desf. cat.hort. par. This is the tree from which they procure the resin called mas- tick. It is probably a distinct species from the true Lentiscus, which yields little or no resin. See the preceding account. Mastick-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1664. Tree 20 feet. TEREBINTHACE^. IX. Astbonium. X. Melanorriio^a. XI. Comociadia. 67 Cull. All the hardy species require to be j)l.niited in a shel- tered situation, or against a wall ; tliey may either be increased by seeds, layers, or ripe cuttings planted under a hand-glass. The greenhouse kinds grow well in a mixture of loam and sand, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass. IX. ASTRO'NIUM (from aarpoy, aslron, a star ; in allusion to the shape of the calyx when expanded). Jacq. amer. 261. t. 181. f. 9G. Kunth. gen. tereb. p. 9. D. C. prod. 2. p. 65. LiN. SYST. DicEcia, Pcntthidiia. Flowers dioecious. Calyx of 5 coloured sepals. Petals 5, ovate. Male flowers with a spreading corolla and calyx. Glands 5 in the disk. Stamens 5. Calyx and corolla of the female flower connivent and permanent. Calyxes after flowering accrete, and stellately spreading. Petals much smaller. Ovary 1. Styles y, refle.xed. Pericarp mem- branous, indeliisccnt, oblong, acute, 1 -seeded. Seed pendulous, destitute of albumen, with thick oblong cotyledons, and an ob- lique radicle. — A small tree, abounding every where in a nause- ous clammy turpentine juice. Leaves impari-pinnate, smooth. Flowers in loose panicles. After the fruit in the female plants, and the flowers in the male plants have fallen off", new branches are put forth. I A. gkave'olens (Jacq. 1. c.) I7 . S. Native of Cartha- gena, in woods, and of St. Martha. Leaflets 3 pairs, with an odd one, stalked, ovate, acuminated, a little serrated. Slrong-scented Astronium. Tree 20 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam and peat will answer this tree, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass in heat. X. MELANORRHCE'A (from ficXac, ^cXayoejmelaSjnielaiKis, black, and pea), rlieo, to flow ; the tree when wounded yields a black juice). Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 9, t. 11, 12. Lin. syst. Polyandiia, Monnnijnia. Flowers hermaphro- dite. Sepals 5, cohering valvately into a 5-nerved caducous calyptra. Petals 5, rarely 6, imbricate in estivation, perma- nent, borne beneath the fruit. Style 1, rather lateral in the vertex of the ovarium, crowned by a small convex stigma. Fruit indehiscent, coriaceous, depressedly reniform, oblique, pedicellate, furnished with a stellately spreading coroUa-h'ke involucre. Seeds exalbuminous. Cotyledons fleshy, thick. Radicle lateral, lying in the fissure of the cotyledons. Large trees, with the habit of Semecdrpiis, full of viscid ferruginous juice, becoming black on exposure to the atmosphere, with large, simple, deciduous leaves, and panicles of flowers. 1 M. usiTA^TA (Wall. 1. c. p. 9.) leaves obovate, very blunt, villous. Ij . S. Native of Hindostan, in a large valley called Kadbbu, in the kingdom of Munipur, .Silhet, and Tipperah, as well as in the Burmese empire, on the banks of the Irrawadi, where it is called Theet-tsec or Zit-si. This is identical with the majestic Klieu or varnish-tree of Munipur, on the north-east frontier districts of Silhet and Tipperah. Mr. M. R. Smith, who has resided a long time in Silhet, considers this the same as the varnish-tree of the Chinese, in the eastern and north eastern provinces. It is procurable in great quantities from Munipur, where it is used for painting river craft, and for var- nishing vessels destined to contain liquid. The drug is conveyed to Silhet for sale by the merchants. On being handled it occa- sions extensive erysipetalous swellings, attended with pain and fever, but never of long duration. In the neighbourhood of Prome a considerable quantity of varnish is extracted from the tree, but very little at Alartaban, owing, it is supposed, to the poorness of the soil, and partly also to there being none of the people in that part whose business is to perform the process, although it is very simple. Short joints of a thin sort of bam- boo, sharpened at one end, and shut up at the other, are inserted in a slanting direction into holes made in the trunk and principal branches, and left there for 2i or 48 hours ; after which they are removed, and their contents emptied into a basket pre- viously varnished over. Sometimes a hundred bamboos may be seen sticking into the tree at once during the collecting season, which lasts as long as the tree is destitute of leaves, namely, from January until April, and they are renewed as long as the juice will flow. In its pure state it is sold at Prome at the rate of one tical or 2*. 6r/. the viss, and at Martaban 2 Madras rupees the viss, although of an inferior quality to that sold at Proirie, being usually mixed with oil of Sesamun. A tree is reckoned to produce 2 to 3 or 4 viss annually, a viss being equal to S^lbs. Every article of household furniture destined to con- tain solid or liquid food is lacquered over with it. The article to be varnished with it nnist be prepared with calcined bones, after which the varnish is laid on thinly, either in its pure state or variously coloured. The process of drying is the most diflScult part, being effected in a very slow and gradual manner by the articles thus varnished being placed in subterraneous vaults for several months. The drug is also used as a size glue in the pro- cess of gilding ; nothing more being required than to besmear the surface of the article to be gilded with it, and immediately to apply the gold leaf. If it is considered how very extensively that art is practised by the Burma nation, it being among their most frequent acts of devotion and piety to contribute to the gilding of their numerous religious edifices and idols, it will be evident that a great quantity of the drug must be consumed for that purpose alone. F'inally, the beautiful Pali writing of the religious order of the Burmas on ivory, palm-leaves, or metal, is entirely done with this varnish in its native and pure state. C^c/'h.' Black varnish-tree. Clt. 1828. Tree 100 feet. Cull. For culture and propagation see Astronium. XI. COMOCLA'DIA (from ko^t), home, a tuft, and ikXa^oj, klado.'i, a branch ; the leaves are crowded at the tops of the branches). P. Browne, jam. 124. Jacq. amer. 12. Lam. ill. t. 27. Kunth, gen. tereb. p. 9. D. C. prod. 2. p. 65. — Dodo- nje'a, Plum, but not of Lin. Lin. sysT. Tri-Tetrdndr'm, ]\lonogi/ttia. Flowers herma- phrodite or monoecious. Calyx 3-4-parted, permanent. Petals 3-4, long, large. Stamens 3-4, short. Ovary 1 . Style none. Stigma 1. Drupe ovate, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded. Ovum rather pendulous, fixed to the bottom of the ovary by a funicle which is curved at the apex. Albumen none. Cotyledons thick. Radicle superior, curved. — South American trees, abounding every where in clammy juice. Leaves impari-pinnate, with opposite leaflets. Flowers small, purple, sometimes 4-cleft, on short pedicels, disposed in loose branched panicles. 1 C. iLiciFoLiA (Swartz, 2. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 75.) leaflets ovate or roundish, sessile, smooth, with spiny angles; spines 1-3 on each side. (7 . S. Native of the West Indies, on calcareous rocks. Flowers small, of a deep red colour, without scent. Leaves long. Dodonae'a, Plum. ed. Burm. t. 118. f. 1. Ilex Dodon:e'a, Lin. spec. 182. C. tricuspidata. Lam. act. par. 1784. p. 347. and C. ilicifolia, Lam. ill. t. 27. f. 2. C. angu- losa, Willd. spec. 1. p. 188. Petioles puberidous. There is a variety with angular leaves, not spiny. Far. ft, glabra (Schult, mant. 1. p. 350.) leaves smooth on both surfaces as well as the petioles. fj . S. Native of Porto Rico. C. glabra, Spreng, syst. 1. p. 17C. Holly-leaved Maiden Plum. Clt. 1 778. Tree 20 feet. 2 C. ACUMINA~TA (Moc. ct Scsse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 2. p. 65.) leaflets sessile, lanceolate, acuminated, smooth, somewhat cordate at the base, with 6-7 spiny teeth on each side. >; . S. Native of Mexico. An intermediate species between C. Hici/olia and C. dentdtii. Flowers dark red. Stamens op- posite the petals in the figure quoted above. Acuminated-leayedi Maiden Plum. Tree 20 feet. 68 TEREBINTHACEjE. XI. CoMOCLADiA. XII. Cyrtocarpa. XIII. Spathelia. XIV. Picramnia. 3 C. denta'ta (Jacq. amer. 13. t. 173. f. 4.) leaflets on short footstalks, oblong, erosely-tootlied, smooth above and downy beneath. Ij . S. Native of Cuba in woods, as well as of St. Domingo, where it is called Guao. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 16. This species is very like C. ilicifulia. Leaflets from G to 10. The whole tree abounds in a milky glutinous juice, turning very black, not to be washed from cloth. If the tree be ever so slightly wounded it has a very unpleasant smell. The natives have a notion that it is dangerous to sleep under it. T-oo^AefZ-leaved Maiden Plum. Fl. Jul. Clt. 1790. Tree 29 ft. 4 C. propi'nqua (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 16.) leaflets lanceolate-oblong, acute, almost entire, smoothish above, hairy-pubescent beneath and ferruginous. 1^ . S. Native of the island of Cuba near La Trinidad, where it is also called Guao. Allied Maiden Plum. Tree 12 feet. 5 C. MOLLissiMA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 16. t. 607.) leaflets small, oblong, acute, rounded at the base, downy- pubescent above, but clothed with soft silky tomentum beneath. ^ . S. Native of Mexico, between Acapulco and Venta del Exido. C. tomentosa, Wjlkl. herb, ex Schidt. mant. 1. p. 350. Very soft Maiden Plum. Tree 20 feet. 6 C. INTEGRIFOLIA (Jacq. amer. 12.) leaflets stalked, lanceo- late, quite entire, smooth. Ij . S. Native of Jamaica. Sloan, jam. 2. t. 222. f. 1. Lam. ill. t. 27. f. 1. Flowers small, deep red, without scent. Drupes black and succulent when ripe ; they are eatable but not inviting. The wood is hard, of a fine grain, and reddish colour. Leaves about 2 feet long, with about 8 leaflets on each side. The whole tree abounds in a watery juice, slightly glutinous, which grows black in the air, and dies the hand of a deep black colour, that can hardly be washed out. Enlire-leaved Maiden-plum. Clt. 1778. Tree 20 feet. -f Slides not sufficiently known. 7 C. ? Tapa'culo (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 66.) leaflets oblong, acuminated, acutish at the base, quite entire, smooth. Jj . S. Native on the banks of the river Orinoco, near Maypures and Carichana, where it is called Tapactcla. The Indians near St. Fernando de Atabapo use a preparation of the leaves against chigars. Tapacula Maiden-plum. Tree 50 feet. 8 C. ? Loxe'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaflets oblong, somewhat acmninated, acute at the base, quite entire, shining, and smooth above, pubescent and downy beneath, with the mid- dle nerve, rachis, and branches clothed with rufescent down. Ij . S. Native of New Granada, near Loxa, in woods. Loxa Maiden-plum. Tree 30 feet. Cult. See Astrhnium for culture and propagation, p. 67. XII. CYRTOCA'RPA (from Kvprog, Icyrtos, gibbous, and Kapirog, karpos, a fruit ; in allusion to the 5 gibbosities above the middle of tlie fruit). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 19. D. C. prod. 2. p. 91. Lin. SYST. Polygamia,Dicccia. Flowers polygamous ? Ca- lyx 5 -parted, permanent, spreading. Petals 5, sessile, lono-er than the calyx, imbricate in ccstivation. Stamens 10, length of calyx. Disk large, 10-crenate. Ovary 1. Style 1. Stigma 4-cleft. Drupe obovate-elliptical, with 5 tubercles above the middle, containing a hard nut. — An American tree, with impari- pinnate leaves and quite entire sessile leaflets. Flowers almost sessile, disposed in glomerated spikes, white. This tree has the appearance of a species of Conwcladia. 1 C. pro'ceua (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. t. 609.). Ij . S. Na- tive of New Spain. Tall Cyrtocarpa. Tree GO feet. Cult. See Astrhnium for culture and prop.tgation, p. 67. XIII. SPATHE'LIA (from airadi], spathc, a palm-tree; the upright habit and want of branches of S. simplex has caused it to be likened to a palm-tree). Lin. gen. no. 373. Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 278. t. 58. Kunth, gen. tereb. 25. D. C. prod. 2. p. 84. Lin. SYST. Dice'cia, I'cnt^indria. Female flowers. Calyx 5-parted, membranous, coloured. Petals 5, hypogynous, imbri- cate in ajstivation. Stamens 5, with short, 3-pointed filaments, which are dilated and villous at their base. Ovary somewhat conical, 3-angled, 3-celled, each cell containing 2 ova. Style wanting. Stigmas 3. Drupe oblong, 3-celled, trigonal, some- times 2-angled, 2-celled ; angles winged. Seeds oblong, solitary in the cells. Albumen fleshy. Embryo straight, inverted, with oblong-linear, thin cotyledons, and a short radicle. — Trees with impari-pinnate leaves, and subterminal racemose panicles of flowers. This genus perhaps does not belong to this order. 1 S. si'mple.x (Lin. spec. 386.) leaves with about 20 pairs of oblong, toothed leaflets. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica. Ker. bot. reg. t. 670. Sloan, hist. 2. t. 171. Trunk hardly branched. Leaves like those of Sorbus. The habit of the plant that of Comocladia. The fruit is full of a resinous juice. The flowers are red. ,S«np/e-stemmed Spathelia. Fl. July. Clt. 1778. Tr. 20 ft. 2 S.? RHoiFOLiA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 84.) leaves with about 6 pairs of ovate, acuminated, quite entire leaflets. Ij . G. Native of Mexico. RliLis pteroc^rpa, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon, ined. Red-leaved Spathelia. Tree 20 feet. Cult. See Astrbnium for culture and propagation, p. 67. XIV. PICRA'MNIA (from triKpapoQ, picramos, derived from TTikpoQ, picros, bitter ; the plants are bitter in every part). Swartz, fl. ind. 1. p. 218. t. 4. Schreb. gen. no. 1517. D. C. prod. 2. p. 66. LiN. SYST. Dice cia,Tri-Pentdndria. Flowers dioecious. Calyx 3 or 5-partcd. Petals 3 or 5, oblong. Male flowers with ex- serted stamens, equal in number with the petals. Female flowers with an ovate ovary, and 2 sessile stigmas. Drupe ovate, con- taining a 2-celIed, 2-seeded nut. Seeds oblong. — Small trees with impari-j^innate leaves, alternate, stalked, quite entire, ovate- lanceolate leaflets. Racemes of flowers elongated, pendulous, opposite the leaves. The character of the seed being unknown, the place which this genus should occupy in this order is truly doubtful. 1 P. ANTiDESMA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 218.) flowers tri- androus ; racemes longer than the leaves ; leaflets elliptical, acuminated. Ij . S. Native of Jamaica and St. Domingo, on mountains in woods. Sloane, hist. t. 208. f. 2. Flowers small, greenish-white. Fruit at first scarlet, but black when ripe, about the size of a gooseberry. Swartz informs us that the negroes in Jamaica look upon this shrub as antivenereal, and that they commonly use an infusion of it in colic. The whole plant is exceedingly bitter, and is called Majo Bitters in Jamaica. Antidesma-like Ma]o-h'nieYs. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1793. Sh. 8 ft. 2 P. Fessonia (D. C. prod. 2. p. 66.) flowers triandrous ; racemes shorter than the leaves ; leaflets ovate, acuminated. l2 • S. Native of Mexico. Fessonia dependens, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers greenish-white ? Fruit red, with 3 scales in the female flowers in place of the stamens. Fesson's Majo-bitters. Slirub 8 feet. 3 P. penta'ndra (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 220.) flowers pentandrous ; racemes shorter than the leaves ; leaflets ovate- elliptical, acuminated. Ij . S. Native of the islands of Mont- serrat and St. Domingo. P. pseudo-Brazilium, Hort. par. ? in Juss. gen. 370. and hence Conioclttdia Brasilidslrum, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 325. Flowers greenish-white. Pentandrous Majo-bitters. Clt. 1822. Shrub 8 feet. TEREBINTHACE^. XV. Discuoiia. XVI. Sabia. XVII. Rhus. G9 4 P. Tari'ri (D. C. prod. 2. p. 4.) flowers? leaflets broadly and unequally ovate, acuminated, with villous edges, and bear- ing glands in the axillae of the veins. Jj . S. Native of Guiana in woods. Tariri Guianensis, Aubl. guian. suppl. p. 37. t. 890. It is called Tariri by Caribbeos. TViiiri Majo-bitters. Shrub 10 feet. Cult. See Astronium for culture and propagation, p. 67. XV. BISCHO'FIA (in honour of — Bischoft", of the Bota- nical Academy of Munich). Blum, bijdr. 11 G8. Lin. syst. Diw'cia, Pcntiindria. Flow'ers dioecious. Calyx inferior, 5-sepalled. Corolla wanting. Male flowers with 5 short stamens, which arc joined into an urceolus, hardly free at the ajiex. Anthers 2-celled. Female flowers with the rudiments of filaments scale-formed, sometimes 2. Ovary ovate, globose, 3- celled ; cells 2-ovulate ; ovula pendulous. Stigmas 3, sessile, linear, reflexcd, approximate at the base. Fruit containing 3 1 -seeded nuts. — A strong tree, with very hard red wood, alter- nate, trilbliate leaves, serrulated leaflets, axillary and lateral panicles of flowers, with each pedicel furnished with 13 bracteas at the base. This genus agrees belter with liutatccc than Tere- hinlliaccee. 1 B. Java'nica (Blum, bijdr. 11 68.). T? . S. Native of Java, in mountain woods in the western provinces, where it is called Gadok. Java Bischofia. Fl. Sept. Tree 60 feet. Cult. See Astronittm for culture and propagation, p. 67. XVI. SA'BIA {Soobja is the Bengalese name of one of the species). Colebr. in Lin. trans. 12. p. 351. and 355. Wall, in fl. ind. 2. p. 308. Lis. syst. Pcntdndria, Monogynia. Calyx inferior, 5- cleft. Petals .5, lanceolate, imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 5, opposite the petals, inserted round the base of a perigynous 5- lobed disk. Anthers bursting by a dorsal longitudinal fissure. Style furrowed, or 2 contiguous, crowned by a blunt stigma. Drupe deeply 2-lobed ; lobes kidney-shaped, 1 -seeded, one of them usually abortive. Embryo erect, folded. Climbing shrubs, with simple exstipulate leaves, and axillary, 1 or many -flowered peduncles. Notwithstanding many anomalies in this genus, Dr.Wallich seems to think it belongs to the present tribe of Tere- hinlliacew. 1 S. lanceola'ta (Colebr. 1. c. t. 14.) smooth ; leaves oblong, lanceolate, slightly blistered ; corymbs axillary and terminal. Jj . ^. S. Native of Silhet. An extensively rambling shrub. Flowers very fragrant, marked with linear purple dots. Lanceolate-\ea.\ eA. Sabia. Shrub cl. 2 S. parviflora (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 310.) yoimg shoots slightly pubescent ; leaves ovate, with membranous, waved mar- gins ; peduncles axillary, few-flowered ; petals lanceolate. Ij . ^. G. Native of Nipaid. An extensive climber. Flowers smaller than those of the last species, purple. Small-floivered Sabia. Shrub cl. 3 S. campanula'ta (Wall, in fl. ind. 2. p. 311.) leaves oblong, with membranous margins ; flowers solitary, axillary, cup- formed, with large, round, concave petals. (j . ,_,. G. Native of Sheopore, in Nipaul. Flowers green, large. Anthers 2-celled. 5c//-flowered Sabia. Shrub cl. Cult. Loam and sand, with a little peat, is a good soil for this genus, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand- glass. The species are not worth cultivating, except in botanical gardens. Tribe II. SUMACHI'NE^ (plants agreeing with Sumach in important characters). D. C. prod. 2. p. 66. Petals and stamens inserted in the calycine disk or in the calyx. Ovary solitary (from abortion), 1 -celled, containing only 1 ovulum. Seed pendidous, exalbuminous, sustained by a funicle rising from the base of the cell. Cotyledons leafy, with the radicle bent in above the fissure of the cotyledons. XVII. RHUS (derived from pooc or poue, in Greek, which is derived from rliudd, a synonyme of rub in Celtic, red ; in allu- sion to the colour of the fruit and leaves of some species in autuum). Lin. gen. no. 369. Lam. ill. t. 207. Kunth, gen tereb. p. 5. D. C. prod. 2. p. 66. LiN. SYST. Pcntdndria, Trigijnia, or Dicecia, Pcntdndria. Calyx permanent, small, 5-parted. Petals 5, ovate, spreading. Stamens 5, all anthcriferous, both in the male and female flowers. Ovary 1, somewhat globose, 1-celled. .Styles 3, short, or stigmas 3, sessile. Drupe almost dry, 1-celled, containing a bony, 1- seeded nut from abortion, and sometimes 2 or 3 seeds. Seeds without albumen, sustained by a funicle rising from the bottom of the cell. Cotyledons leafy, with the radicle lying on the u])per suture of the cotyledons. Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 205. t. 44. — Shrubs with alternate, various, but usually compound leaves. Flowers usually polygamous, or dioecious from abortion. Sect. I. Co'tinus {kotivo^, cotinos, is a name under which Pliny speaks of a tree with red wood, which is supposed to grow in the Apennines). Tourn. inst. p. 380. D. C. prod. 2. p. 77. Flowers hermaphrodite. Drupe half cordate, veiny, smooth, containing a triangular nut. Leaves simple. I'lowers loosely panicled, inany of which are abortive, and of these the pedicels are elongated and hairy after flowering. 1 R. Co'tinus (Lin. spec. 383.) leaves obovate. I7 . H. Na- tive of the south of Europe from Spain to Caucasus, in places exposed to the sun. Jacq. aust. t. 210. Mill. fig. t. 270. C6- tinus Coggygria, Scop. cam. ed. 2. no. 368. Mccnth. metli. 73. — Lob. icon. 99. Cotinus coriacea, Duh. arb. 1. t. 78. Flowers greenish-yellow. This is rather an ornamental shrub, and the wood is much used by the modern Athenians for dyeing wool of a most beautiful and rich yellow. The whole plant is used for tanning in Italy, where it is called Scotino. f'enus-Sumach or Wild-olive. Fl. June, July. Clt. 16.J6. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 2 R. VELUTiNA (Wall. mss. in Lin. soc. herb.) leaves simple, oblong, on long petioles, repand-toothed, clothed beneath with velvety white pubescence, as well as the branches ; peduncle racemose, terminal. Ij . G. Native of Kamoon, in the East Indies. Flowers small, white. 1'clvety Sumach. Shrub. 3 R. L.EVIS (Wall. mss. in herb. Lin. soc.) leaves simple, ovate, or obovate-oblong, mucronate at the apex on long petioles, entire, quite smooth, and rather glaucous beneath ; panicle ter- minal. Tj . G. Native of the East Indies. Flowers small, white. Smooth Sumach. Shrub. Sect. II. Metopium (Metopion is a name under which Pliny speaks of a resinous tree unknown to us ; it is derived from OTTOS, juice). D. C. prod. 2. p. 67. Flowers hermaphrodite. Drupe ovate, rather oblong, dry, smooth, containing a large, ample membranous nut. Seed, according to Linna?us, aril- late and 2-lobed. Leaves impari-pinnate, with 2 pairs of ovate, quite entire, long-stalked leaflets. 4 R. Metopium (Lin. annvn. 5. p. 395.) leaves quite smooth. Ij . S. Native of Jamaica, in woods on the mountains. Sloan, hist. 2. t. 199. f. 5. — Browne, jam. 177. t. 13. f. 3. Drupes reddish. This tree yields a great quantity of gummy resin called Doctors' gum, which, when pure, is of a yellow colour, and after a short time, acquires a hard brittle consistence. It 70 TEREBINTHACE.!:. XVII. Ruus. is daily used in strengthening plaisters, for which it is deservedly much recommended. It is of a warm discntient nature, and may be used in all swellings arising from colds, both externally and internally. The gum, dissolved in water, is an easy purga- tive, and thought to be extraordinarily diuretic. In Jamaica the tree is frequent enough, and the hogs are said to have recourse to it when wounded in the woods. Mctojmim or Hog gum-tree. Clt. 1823. Tree 20 feet. Sect. III. Su'mach {el-simac or es-simac is the Arabian name of some species). D. C. prod. 2. p. 67. — Rhus and Toxi- codendron, Tourn. inst. 381. Moench. meth. 72. Flowers polygamous, dioecious, or hermaphrodite. Drupe ovate-roundish, usually villous, containing a smooth or striped nut. — Shrubs with impari-pinnate leaves or palraately trifoliate ones. Petioles naked or a little winged. Flowers panicled. § 1. Leaves impari-^nnnatc. * Petioles naked. 5 R. FiLiciNA (Moc. et Sessc, fl. mex. icon, ined.) leaves 7-9 pairs ; petiole naked ; leaflets sessile, pinnatifid, pilose, oblong ; lobes blunt, awned, with a hair. T; . G. Native of Mexico, on the mountains, where it is called Tellazian, but it is not the Tetlacian of Hern. mex. p. 153. Fruit covered with violet hairs. Fern-like Sumach. Shrub. 6 R. TYPHiNA (Lin. spec. 380.) leaves with 8 or 10 pairs of leaflets ; petioles naked, and are as well as the branches hairy ; leaflets lanceolate, acuminated, serrated, rather pilose beneath. Ij . H. Native of North America, from Canada to Carolina, in rocky dry situations. Duh.arb. ed. nov. 2. t. 17. Wats. dend. brit. t. 17. and 18. R. Virginiana, Bauh. pin. p. 517. The purple velvety berries appear in lai-ge close clusters. The leaves change in autumn first to a purplish, but just before they fall to a feuillemort colour. This species, as well as R. coriaria is used for tanning leather ; and the roots are prescribed as a fe- brifugal medicine in the country of its natural growth. Var. a, arborescens (D. C. prod. 2. p. 67.) leaves somewhat pubescent beneath. Tj ■ H. Willd. enum. 323. Tree 20 feet. Var. ftyfnUesccns (Willd. 1. c.) leaves white, with pubescence beneath. Pj . H. Shrub 8 feet. Fever or Virginian Sumach. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1629. Shrub 8 to 20 feet. 7 R. viRTDiFLORA (Poir. diet. 7. p. 504.) leaves with 8-10 pairs of leaflets ; petioles naked, and are as well as the branches pilose ; leaflets lanceolate-oblong, serrated, pubescent beneath. tj . H. Native of North America, in Pennsylvania and Virginia, on the edges of woods in dry sunny situations. R. Canadensis, Mill. diet. no. 5. Flowers yellowish-green, probably not much more than a variety of the following species. Racemes of flowers erect. Grecn-Jlowered ^wma.c\\. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.? Tree 15 ft. 8 R. GLA^BRA (Lin. spec. 380.) leaves with 8 or 10 pairs of leaflets, and are as well as the branches smooth ; petioles naked; leaflets lanceolate-oblong, serrated, whitened beneath. Ij . H. Native of North America from New England to Carolina, com- mon in old fields. Flowers greenish-red. Fruit silky, red. They are used for dyeing the same colour, and they are eaten by children with impunity, but they are very sour. On cutting the stem a yellow juice comes out between the bark and the wood. The bark boiled with the fruit affbrds a black ink-like tincture. I'ar. a, hcrmaphrodlla (D. C. prod. 2. p. 67.) flowers herma- phrodite, greenish. R. glabra, Willd. spec. 1, p. 1478.— Dill, elth. t. 243. f. 314. Var. ft, dioica (D. C. prod. 2. p. 07.) flowers dioecious, greenish. Lam. ill. t. 207. f- 1. Var. y, cocc'mea (D. C. prod. 2. p. 67.) flowers dioecious, red. Fruit scarlet. R. elegans. Ait. hort. kevv.'l. p. 162. R. Caro- linianum, Mill. diet. no. 4. — Cat. car. app. t. 4. Native of South Carolina. Smooth or Scarlet Sumach. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1720. Shrub 8 feet. 9 R. pu MiLA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 182.) a humble shrub wholly covered with pubescence ; leaves with many pairs of deeply-toothed oval leaflets, which are downy on the under surface; petioles? Tj . H. Native of Upper Carolina. Fruit silky. This is the most poisonous of the genus, according to information from Mr. John Lyon, who by collecting the seed of this species was poisoned all over his body and was lamed for a considerable time. Z>«fl;/ Sumach. Fl. July. Clt. 1806. Shrub 1 foot. 10 R. acumina'ta (D. C. prod. 2. p. 08.) leaves with 3 or 4 pairs of leaflets, and are as well as the branches smooth ; petioles naked ; leaflets oval, quite entire, with long taper-points, paler beneath, and full of parallel feather nerves. I2 • H. Native of Nipaul. Lateral veins of leaves 20-30, parallel. Panicle of flowers axillary, shorter than the leaves. Flowers dioecious. A cwninated-\ea.veA Sumach. Shrub. 11 R. succeda'nea (Lin. mant. 221.) leaves with 5-7 pairs of leaflets, smooth, permanent ; petioles wingless ; leaflets ovate- lanceolate, taper-pointed, shining, netted with veins and glaucous beneath, self-coloured. Tj . G. Native of Japan, Fasi-no-Ki. Kocmpf. amoen. 793. t. 795. — Thunb. jap. 121. Drupe ovate, white, about the size of a cherry, containing a smooth nut. The oil of the seeds, expressed whilst warm, acquires the con- sistence of suet, and serves for making candles. The trunk yields a varnish, but in so small a quantity as not to be worth collecting. Osbeck informs us that this is called Tiiy-sha in China. Succedaneous or Red Lac Sumach. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1768. Shrub 10 to 15 feet. 12 R. NODOSA (Blum, bijdr. 1164.) leaflets 3-4 pairs, ovate- oblong, entire, bluntly acuminated, a little obliquely attenuated at the base, smooth ; petioles wingless, terete, geniculately knotted ; panicle terminal, fastigiate. Tj . S. Native of Java, on the mountains of Salak, where it is called Kadondang-aroy. Knotted-^elioXeiS. Sumach. Tree. 13 R. PUBiGERA (Blum, bijdr. 11 05.) leaflets 3-7 pairs, ovate- lanceolate, entire, acuminated, a little obliquely attenuated at the base, opaque on both surfaces, and are as well as the petioles somewhat pubescent ; panicles axillary. 1; . S. Native of Java. Pithigcrous Sumach. Tree. 14 R. VERNiciFERA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 08.) leaves with 5-6 pairs of leaflets ; petioles naked, and are as well as the branch- lets clothed with soft down ; leaflets elliptic, acute, quite entire, smoothish above, but velvety beneath from pubescence. f; . G. Native of Japan, where it is called Sit~ or Urus (ex Kcempf. amoen. 791. t. 792.), and of Nipaul. R. vernix, Lin. mat. med. 151. Thunb. jap. 121. but not of others. R. ju- glandif olia. Wall, in Litt. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 248. but not of Willd. Leaves long, resembling those of a walnut. Thun- berg affirms that the very best Japan varnish is prepared from this tree, which grows in great abundance in many parts of that country, and is likewise cultivated in many places on account of the great advantages derived from it. This varnish, which oozes out of the tree on being wovmded, is procured from stems that arc three years old, and is received in some proper vessel. At first it is of a lightish colour and of the consistence of cream, but grows thicker and black on being exposed to the air. It is so transparent when laid pure and unmixed upon boxes or fur- TEREBINTHACE.il. XVII. Rhus. 1 nitiire, every vein of tlie wood may be clearly seen. For the most part a dark ground is spread underneath it, which causes it to rellect like a mirror, and for this purpose recourse is fre- quently had to tlie line sludife, wliicii is got in the trough under a grind-stone, or to ground charcoal ; occasionally a red sub- stance is mixed with the varnish, and sometimes leaf-gold, groimd very line. This varnish hardens very much, but will not endure any blows, cracking and Hying almost like glass, tliough it can stand boiling water without any damage. Witii this the Japanese varnish over the posts of their doors, and most articles of iiousehold furniture, which are made of wood. It far exceeds the Chinese and Siamese varnish, and the best is collected about the town of Jassino. It is clenred from impu- rities bv wringing it through very fine paper ; then .tbout a hundredth part of an oil called toi, which is ex])rcsscd from the fruit of Bignbnia tomentbsa is added to it, and being put into wooden vessels, either alone or mixed with native cinnabar, or some black substance, it is sold all over Japan. The expressed oil of the seeds serves for candles. The tree is said to be equally poisonous with the Rhiis venoialii, or American poison-tree. Varnish-hearing Sumach or Japan Varnish-tree. CIt. 1818. Tree 30 feet. 1 5 R. venena'ta (D. C. prod. i2. p. 68.) leaves with 6-7 pairs of smoothish deciduous leaflets ; petioles naked ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, quite entire, netted with veins beneath. f; . II. Native of North America, from Canada to Carolina, in low copses, where it is called Poison-sumach or Poison-nood. — Dill. elth. t. 292. R. vernix, Lin. spec. 380. Big. med. hot. 1. p. 96. t. 10. Wats. dend. brit. t. 19. Toxi- codendron pinnatum. Mill. diet. no. 5. Flowers dioecious, green. Fruit white, smooth, containing a furrowed nut. The milky juice of this tree stains linen a dark brown. The whole shrub is in a high degree poisonous, and the poison is commu- nicated bv toucliing or smelling any part of it. In forty-eight hours, inflammation appears on the skin in large blotches, prin- cipally on the extremities and on the glandulous parts of the body ; soon after small pustules rise in the inflamed parts, and fill with waterv matter, attended with burning and itching. In two or three days the eruptions suppurate, after which the in- flammation subsides and the ulcers heal in a short time. It operates, however, somewhat differently on different constitutions ; and some are incapable of being poisoned with it at all. Persons of irritable habits are most liable to receive it. Kalm gives much the same account of the American poison-tree or Swamp Sumach. An incision being made, a whitish-yellow juice, which has a nauseous smell, comes out between the bark and the wood ; it is noxious to .some persons, but does not in the least affect others. On himself it had no effect, except on a hot day, when being in some perspiration, he cut a branch and carried it in his hand for half an hour, smelling it now and then. It produced a violent itching in his eyelids and the parts there- abouts ; during a week his eyes were very red, and the eyelids very stiff', but the disorder went oft' by washing the eyelids with very cold water. The Abbe Sauvages stained linen black w ith the juice of this tree, which it retained after a great number of washings in ley. The Abbe Mazeas made trial of that of R. toxicodendron. The instant, he says, the cloth was exposed to the sun, it became the finest black he had ever seen. Poison Sumach, Poison-wood, or Swamp Sumach. Fl. July. CIt. 1713. Tree 20 feet. 16 R. rufe'scess (Hamilt. prod. fl. ind. occ. p. 32.) rufes- cent ; leaflets 5 pairs, nearly sessile, obliquely cordate, oblong, acuminated, adpressedly serrated, shining above, covered with rufescent tomentum beneath, w ith the veins parallel ; flowers axillary, subcymose, tomentose. •; . S. Native of Jamaica. Rufescent Sumach. Tree 20 feet. 17 R. CoMMERsoNii (Poir. sup])l. 5. p. 2Ct.) leaves with 3-1 pairs of smooth leaflets ; petioles ( leaflets tapering to the base, but blunt at the apex, somewhat mucronated and quite entire. I^ . S. Native of Brazil. Like A', venenata or vernicifcra, ex Poir. R. meridioniilis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 936. Com»ierson's Sumach. CIt. 1818. Tree 30 feet. 18 R. ? PERNiciosA (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 10.) leaves with 7-8 pairs of leaflets, and are smooth, as well as the branches , petioles naked ; leaflets on long stalks, elliptical or rhomboid-ovate, ? . G. Na- tive of Japan and China, but introduced to Java. R. semialilta, var. ft, Osbeckii, D. C. prod. 2. p. 67. Ji(va Sumach. CIt. ] 799. Tree 30 feet. 2.5 R. Chine'nsis (Mill. diet. no. 7.) leaves with S or 4 pairs of leaflets ; petioles membranous, and are, as well as the branches, clothed with downy villi; leaflets ovate, bluntly-ser- rated. ^ . G. Native of China. Chinese Sumach. Clt. 1800. Shrub 5 to C feet. 26 R. Ame'la (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 248.) leaves with 6-7 pairs of leaflets ; petioles with a narrow wing ; leaflets ellip- tical, acuminated, serrated, sessile, odd one only stalked, all covered with greyish-down beneath. I; . F. Native of Nipaul, at Narainhetty. R. Bucki-amelam, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 22. Flowers dioecious, disposed in large terminal panicles. Berries silky. Leaves 1-2 feet long. Bucku-amela is the vernacular name of the tree. Biichu-Amela Sumach. Clt. 1823. Tree 40 feet. 27 R. PAUciFLORA (Lin. fil. suppl. 183.) leaves pinnate; pe- tioles winged, covered with very fine villi ; leaflets alternate, wedge-shaped, serrated at the apex ; panicles sessile, few-flow- ered, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thimb. fl. cap. 2. p. 225. Few-flowered Sumach. Shrub 6 feet. 28 R. obli'qua (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 224.) leaves with many pairs of smooth, ovate, quite entire, dimidiate leaflets. T^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers and fruit unknown. Allied to R, pauciflora. OW((/Me-leafletted Sumach. Clt. 1825. Shrub 6 feet. 29 R. ala'ta (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 225.) leaves pinnate ; petioles winged, tomentose ; leaflets alternate, ovate, serrated at the apex ; peduncles axillary. Tj , G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. /■Tingerf-petioled Sumach. Clt. 1824. Shrub 10 feet. 30 R. copALLiNA (Lin. spec. 380.) leaves of 5-7 pairs of leaf- lets, which are smootli above, and rather pilose beneath ; petioles winged, jointed ; leaflets elliptic, quite entire. Ij . H. Native of North America, in dry fields and woods, particularly in a sandy soil, from New Jersey to Carolina. Jacq. hort. schoenb. 341. — Pluk. aim. t. 56. f. 1. Root stoloniferous. Flowers dioecious, yellowish-green. Berries red. The leaves of this species change to purple in the autumn, and are used as tobacco by the Indians of the Missouri and Mississippi. /or. ft, leucantha (Jacq. schoenb. t. 342.) root not stoloni- ferous; flowers white ; panicles more contracted. T7.H. Na- tive of North America. Leaflets many pairs, narrow. Gum Cnpal-Uke or Lentiscus-leaved Sumach. Fl. July, Autf. Clt. 1688. Shrub 8 feet. 31 R. TRi'juGA (Poir. diet. 7. p. 508.) leaves with 3 pairs of coriaceous ovate leaflets, which are pubescent beneath ; petioles flat, striated. \^ . S. Native of Brazil, at Rio Janeiro. Fruit globose, shining. Tkree-2Mired-\ea.\'ed Sumach. Tree. § 2. Toxicodendron (from ro^iVoi', toxi/con, poison, and t£i'- (ipof, dendron, a tree ; tree very poisonous). Toiirn. inst. I. 381. Mcench. mcth. 73. hut not of Gcertn. nor Thunh Pocvphorum, Neck. elcm. no. 964. Leaves pinnately trifoliate, with the mid- dle leaflet stalked. 32 R. RADi'cANs (Lin. spec. 381.) leaflets ovate, smooth, entire. Ij . H. Native of North America, from Canada to Georgia, common in all woods, fields, and along fences. Ber- ries white. Flowers dioecious, greenish. Far. a, vulgaris (D. C. prod. 2. p. 69.) plant climbing and rooting ; leaflets large, entire or rarely toothed, ovate. R. Toxi- codendron, var. a, vulgare, Pursh. fl. amer. sep. 1. p. 205. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1806. Duh. ed. nov. 2. t. 48. Toxico- dendron vulgare, Mill. diet. This plant having in common with ivy the q\iality of not rising without the support of a wall, tree, or hedge ; it is called in some parts of Ame- rica creeping ivy. It will climb to the top of high trees in woods, the branches every where throwing out fibres, which penetrate the trunk of the tree which it grows on. When the stem is cut it emits a pale-brown sap, of a disagreeable scent, and so sharp that letters or marks made upon linen cannot be got out again, but grows blacker the more it is washed. Like R. venenata it is poisonous to some persons, but in a less degree. Kalm relates of two sisters, one could manage the tree without being affected by its venom, while the other felt its exhalation as soon as she came within 3 feet of it, or even when she stood to windward of it, at a greater distance ; that it had not the least effect upon him, though he had made many experiments upon himself, and once the juice squirted into his eyes ; but that on another person's hand, which he had covered very thick with it, the skin a few hours afterwards became as hard as a piece of tanned leather, and peeled off afterwards in sc.iles. Var. ft, voliibilis (D. C. prod. 2. p. 69.) stem climbing, scarcely rooting ; leaflets ample, ovate. Toxicodendron volu- bile, Mill. diet. Jar. y, microcdrpa (D. C. prod. 2. p. C9.) leaflets oblong- ovate, with long taper points ; fruit much smaller than in the two preceding varieties. R. Toxicodendron microcarpon, Pursh. fl. sept. amer. 1. p. 205. — Dill. elth. t. 291. f. 375. These two last varieties possess the same poisonous qualities as the first, but in a less degree. Rooting Poison-oak or Sumach. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1640. Shrub creeping or climbing. 33 R. toxicode'ndron (Lin. spec. 381.) leaflets deeply- angled or sinuated, pubescent. T; . H. Native of North Ame- rica, along with R. radicans. R. Toxicodendron quercif61ium, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 182. Pursh. fl. sept. amer. 1. p. 205. Toxicodendron pubescens, Mill. diet. no. 2. According to Nuttal, this is a truly distinct species from the preceding. Per- haps the T. serratum. Mill. diet, is a variety of this plant. Flowers greenish. The juice of this tree is milky when it first exudes, but becomes jet black by exposure to the air. It is poisonous to the touch. It was first tried as a medicine by Dr. Alderson of Hull, in imitation of experiments of M. Fresnoi, with the Rhus radicans. He gave it in four cases of paralysis in doses of half a grain or a grain three times a day, and all his patients recovered to a certain degree the use of their limbs. The first symptom of amendment was always an unpleasant feeling of prickling or twitching in the paralytic limbs. Dr. Duncan has given it in larger doses without experiencing the same success ; it w-as not however inactive. In one case the patient discontinued its use on account of the disagreeable prick- ing it occasioned, and in general it oj)erated as a gentle laxative, notwithstanding the torpid state of the bowels of such patients. Common Poison-tree or Poison-oak. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1640. Shrub creeping upon walls or trees. 34 R. Baiiame'nsis ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, entire, lateral ones oblique at the base, pubescent beneath, especially on the nerves ; petioles and branches hairy ; racemes axillary, rather compound. T; . H. Native of the Bahama Islands. The plant is poisonous like the two preceding. Bahama Poison-tree. Fl. June, July. Shrub cr. or cl. 35 R. LiNEATiFoLiA (Ort. dec. p. 89.) leaflets ovate, acuminat- ed, toothed, quite entire at the base, lined, with the edges rather villous, lateral ones on short stalks, middle one on a long stalk ; racemes axillary ; berries striped. T; . S. Native of the Island TEREBINTHACEiE. XVII. Rhus. of Cuba. Rhamnus Cubensis, Pers. cncli. 1. p. 240. no. 35. Rhainnus lineatifolius, Schult. syst. 5. p. 294. Rhus lineata, Sprenj;. syst. Flowers crcani-colourL-d. Lined-lcavcd Sumach. Clt. 1818. Shrub 2 feet. ^ 3. Leaves palmatclij-trifoUute, that is to siii/, that the three Icajlets rise from the lop vj the petiole. * Leaflets entire, more or less doivny, as well as the petioles and branehes. 36 R. GLAu'cA (Desf. arb. 2. p. 320.) leaflets obcorilate, flat, usually covered with glaucous powder, smooth, quite entire, tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Pers. ench. 1. p. 32G. G/oMcoiii-leaved Sumach. Fl. July. Clt. 1821. .Shrub 4 ft. 37 R. vii.i.osA (Lin. fil. suppl. 183.) leaflets obovate, blunt- ish, quite entire, rather hairy on both surfaces, as well as the petioles and branchlets ; racemes axillary, nuicli shorter than the leaves. I^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. R. incana, Mill. diet. no. 8.— Pluk. aim. t. 219. f. 8. In culti- vation this species is sometimes smooth. It is perhaps not dis- tinct from R, cequalis, Pers. ench. 1. p. 32G. F'lowers yellowish- green. Villous Sumach. Fl. July. Clt. 1714. Shrub C feet. 38 R. I'YRoiDKs (Curch. cat. 1796. voy. 1. p. 340.) leaflets subequal, obovatc-oblong, quite entire, mucronated, and are, as well as the branchlets, covered with close -pressed pubescence ; racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves, disposed in a terminal, elongated, leafless panicle. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hojie. Leaves pale. Pear-like Sumach. Clt. 1816. Shrub 6 feet. 39 R. atoma'ria (Jacq. hort. schoenb. t. 343.) leaflets ob- ovate, nnicronate, quite entire, smootliish above, but clothed with velvety villi beneath, as well as the branches and petioles ; panicle ternnnal, much branched. Pj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers greenish-yellow. The leaves when bruised have the smell of turpentine. Aiomed-\esi\eA Sumach. Fl. July. Clt. 1800. Sh. G to 8 ft. 40 R. ELu'pTicA (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 214.) leaflets ellip- tical, entire, acute, downy beneath ; petioles filiform ; branches smooth ; panicles axillary. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers greenish-yellow. i;//;;)/;taMeavcd Sumach. Fl. July. Clt. 1818. Shrub 6 feet. 41 R. cilia'ta (Licht. in Schult. syst. 6. p. 661.) leaflets linear-lanceolate, quite entire, puberidous beneath, and fringed on the margins ; branches spiny ; panicle terminal. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burch. cat. 1946. Flowers greenish-j'ellow. Fringe'd-\e3i\eA Sumach. Clt. 1816. Shrub 6 feet. 42 R. Bi'coLOR (Licht. in Schult. syst. 6. p. 661.) leaflets oblong, acute, downy beneath ; racemes axillary. Tj . G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. rn'O-co/oHrerf-leaved Sumach. Sinnib 6 feet. 43 R. angustifolia (Lin. spec. 381. exclusive of Burmann's synonymc,) leaflets stalked, linear-lanceolate, quite entire, downy beneath. Ij . G. Native of Ethiopia. Pluk. phyt. t. 217. f. 6. R. argentea, Mill. diet. Panicles axillary. Flowers greenish. Narrow-leaved Sxxxnach. Clt. 1714. Shrub 7 feet. 44 R. ROSMARixiFOLiA (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 50.) leaflets linear, acute, with revolute, quite entire edges, clothed with rusty down beneath; panicles axillary and terminal. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. — Burm. afr. t. 91. f. 1. R. rosmarinifolia, Thunb fl. cap. 2. p. 212. is probably a distinct plant. Rosemary-leaved iium?kch. Clt. 1800. Shrub 6 feet. * * Leaflets entire, smooth, hut the petioles and branchlets are more or less dorvny. VOL. II. 45 R. ciRRiiiFLORA (Liu. fil. suppl. 184.) leaflets obovate, quite entire, smooth; petioles pubescent; tendrils axillary, fili- form ; stem climbing. Tj . ^_^. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in woods. Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 218. Flowers yellowisli- green. Tendril-flowered Sumach. .Sinub cl. 46 R. I'UBn'scENS (Thimb. fl. cap. p. 215.) leaflets obovate, quite entire, nnicronate, smootli ; petioles very short ; branchlets pubescent. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers greenish-yellow. Pubescent Svmiach. Clt. 1800. Shrub 6 feet. 47 R. PKNDULiNA (Jacq. ex Witld. enum. 324.) leaflets lan- ceolate, quite entire, smooth on both sinfaces, but fringed ; pe- tioles pubescent ; branches pendulous ; panicle racemose, termi- nal. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers greenish-yellow. Pendulous-hrar\c\\cA Sumach. Shrub 6 feet. * * * Leaflets entire, and arc, as well as petioles and branch- lets, smooth. 48 R. Thunbergia^na (Schult. syst. 6. p. G51.) leaflets ob- cordate, glaucous, with revolute, smooth, quite entire edges. T^ . G. Native of the Cape of (Jood Hope. R. glaucimi, Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 218. but not of Desf. Flowers greenish-yellow. Thunhergs Sumach. Shrub 6 feet. 49 R. Lu'ciDA (Lin. spec. 382.) leaflets obovate, quite entire, very blunt, somewhat emarginate, smooth on both surfaces ; racemes shorter than the leaves, in terminal panicles. Tq . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. R. lilcida ji, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 166. — Comm. hort. 1. t. 93.— Pluk. phyt. t. 219. f. 9. — Burm. afr. 252. t. 91. f. 2. Flowers whitish. Fruit reddish. Far. ji, subdentata (D. C. prod. 2. p. 69.) some of the leaves are a little toothed. Jacq. hort. schoenb. t. 347. ^'/iJHmg-Ieaved Sumach. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1694. Sh. 8 ft. 50 R. Cavanille'sii (D. C. prod. 2. p. 69.) leaflets obovate, very blunt, somewhat emarginate, quite entire, smooth on both surfaces ; racemes longer than the leaves. I; ■ G. Native of Mexico. R. lucidum, Cav. icon. 2. p. 27. t. 132. exclusive of the synonyms. Flowers greenish-yellow. F"ruit reddish. Cavanilles's Snmac\\. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1697. .Shrub 6 ft. 51 R. Burma'nni (D. C. prod. 2. p. 69.) leaflets obovate, blunt, mucronate, quite entire, pale beneath, smooth on both surfaces, as well as the branches ; racemes interrupted, a little shorter than the leaves. 1; • Gr. Native of the C.ipe of Good Hope. Biu-m. afr. p. 232. t. 91. f. 2. R. lucidum a. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 165. Flowers greenish-yellow or whitish. Burmann's Sumach. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1797. Shrub 6 feet. 52 R. panicula'ta (Wall. mss. in herb. Lin. soc.) leaves pal- mately-trifoliate ; leaflets smooth, coriaceous, obox ate-oblong, emarginate at the apex ; panicles axillary and terminal. f; . S. Native of Asia, Pflwic/crf-flowered Sumach. Shrub. 53 R. NERVOSA (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 264.) lateral leaflets small, cuneately-obovate, very blunt, mucronulatc, shining on both sur- faces, and are, as well as the branches, quite smooth ; racemes rather shorter than the leaves, disposed in a terminal panicle. ^.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burch. cat. no. 2871. Flowers greenish-yellow. Var. /3, mucronata (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 216.) petioles very short ; panicles axillary. A^trmWeaved Sumach. Clt. 1800. Shrub 6 feet. 54 R. l.eviga'ta (Lin. spec. 1672.) leaflets oblong, quite en- tire, acute at both ends, and are, as well as the petioles and branches, smooth; panicle terminal, elongated, loose, f; . G. 71 TEREBINTHACE^. XVII. Rhus. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. R. elong^ta, Jacq. hort. schoenb. t. 345. Flowers yellowish-white. Smooth Sumach. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1758. Sh. 7 ft. 55 R. la'ncea (Lin. fil. suppl. 184.) leaflets linear, acumi- nated at both ends, and are smooth, as well as the branches, lateral ones diverging in a straight angle ; panicle loose, termi- nal. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 212. Zrtnce-leafletted Sumach. Clt. 1810. Shrub 10 feet. 56 R. viminVlis (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 50.) leaflets linear-lan- ceolate, very long, quite entire, somewhat tapering to the base, and are, as well as the branches, quite smooth ; panicles axillary, shorter than the leaves, ^i . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. hort. schoenb. t. 344. Flowers greenish-yellow. Grccn-twiggy ^umAch. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1774. Sh. 8 ft. 57 R. fra'grans (Licht. in Schult. syst. C. p. 061.) leaflets linear-lanceolate, mucronate, smooth. 1; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Probably quite distinct from R. rigkla. Fragrant Sumach. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1824. Shrub 6 feet. 58 R. denuda'ta (Licht. in Schult. syst. 6. p. 661.) leaflets lanceolate-linear, and are smooth, as well as the branches ; panicles capillary, axillary, shorter than the leaves. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers greenish-yellow. Naked Sumach. Shrub 6 feet. 59 R. trida'ctyla (Burch. cat. no. 1667. voy. 1. p. 340.) leaflets smooth, quite entire, linear, very blunt, broadest towards the base ; branches stiff, spreading, unarmed. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers greenish-yellow. Three-jingered-\ea.yeA iiumaQh. Clt. 1816. Shrub 6 feet. * * * * Leaflets toothed, crenale or serrated, more or less dmvny. 60 R. parviflora (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 22.) leaflets ob- ovate, crenate-toothed, somewhat velvety, and are as well as the petioles and branchlets velvety-villous beneath ; middle one much larger than the rest ; panicle terminal, villous. Tj . G. Native of Nipaul. This species is allied to R. atomaria, but the leaves are not entire. Flowers greenish-yellow. Small-flowered Sumach. Shrub 6 feet. 61 R. a'lbida (Schousb. muroc. 128.) leaflets wedge-shaped, entire, or somewhat crenated, obtuse, whitish-glaucous, and lepi- doted, smooth ; petioles a little winged ; panicles axillary and terminal. Ij . G. Native of Mogodor. R. albicans, Willd. enum. 325. rfViiiened-leaved Sumach. Clt. 1816. Shrub 2 feet. 62 R. oxyaca'ntha (Schousb. in act. soc. hafn. p. 71.) leaflets cuneate-obovate, usually entire, middle one longest, hoary on both surfaces, as well as the branches and petioles ; branches un- armed ; racemes axillary and terminal ; flowers probably dioe- cious. \^ . G. Native of Mogodor. R. crataegiforme, Pers. ench. 1. p. 326.? This species is perhaps sufficiently distinct from R. dioica and R. dlbida. Flowers greenish-yellow. Sharp-spined '&\m\ac\\. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 feet. 63 R. sinua'ta (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 222.) leaflets ovate, obtuse, sinuated, villous beneath, as well as the branches ; pani- cles axillary. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Myrica trifoliata, Lin. ex Thunb. ? .S'i?jMa/e-leafletted Sumach. Clt. 1820. Slirub 0 feet. 64 R. Mysore'nsis; leaflets obovate, middle one long, all retuse, sinuately-lobed, brown and pubescent beneath. TJ • S. Native of Mysore. Racemes panicled, axillary, and terminal. Mysore Sumach. Shrub. 65 R. dimidia'ta (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 220.) leaflets sessile, smooth above but villous beneath, obovate, middle one 3-toothcd, lateral one dimidiate, sinuatcly toothed. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This species is allied to R. iridenlata. Flowers greenish-yellow. 1 Z)(»n'(/m/c-leavcd Sumach. Shrub 6 feet. 66 R. tridenta^ta (Lin. fil. suppl. 184.) climbing ; leaflets cni short petioles, ovate, hoary, serrated ; serratures 3-5 ; tendrils axillary. Tj . ^. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 220. Flowers yellowish-green. Three-toot]ted-\e&fi.eUedL Sumach. Clt. 1816. Shrub cl. 67 R. disse'cta (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 223.) leaflets sharply cut, pinnatifid, smooth above, but clothed with white down beneath ; branches smooth. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers greenish-yellow. Z);«jicc feet. 78 R. saxa'tilis (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. I). C. prod. 2. p. 71.) leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, coarsely- serrated, and arc, as well as the branches, smooth ; racemes axillary, len<;th of petioles. '^ . G. Native of Mexico, on rocks, where it is called Mclzqiiaijiiitli. Flowers whitish-green. liock Sumach. Shrub G feet. 79 R. orandidenta'ta (D. C. prod. 2. p. 72.) leaflets ob- ovate, cuneated at the base, with 3 or 4 deep teeth at the apex ; panicles terminal ; fruit round, smooth. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burch. cat. no. 3079. Flowers whitish- green. Lair;e-tootlied-]eavcd Sumach. Shrub G feet. 80 R. micra'ntiia (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 221.) leaflets ovate, acute, toothed at the apex ; panicles axillary, supra-decom- pound. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers greenish-white. *m«//-/oHrrc(/ Sumach. Clt. 1818. Shrub C feet. 81 R. denta'ta (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 219.) leaflets obovate, mucronatcly-toothed ; stem covered with scabrous tubercles. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellowish- green. roo//ied-leaved Sumach. Clt. 1793. Shrub G feet. 82 R. ciien'a'ta (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 219.) leaflets wedge- shaped, crenately trifid at the apex, smooth, but rufous beneath ; branches villous ; racemes terminal. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers greenish-yellow. Cr(H« . S. Native of Guinea, from whence it has been introduced to the West Indies by the negroes, under the name of Bichy. Edwardia lurida, Rafin. I.e. Amyris LunAni, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 217. Leaves alternate, stalked, oblong, acuminated, smooth, waved, veiny, and com- pound racemes of yellow flowers, which are striped with purple and have an ungrateful smell. Bichy Lunania. Tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see stove species of Rhiis, p. 76. XXVIII. HETERODE'NDRON(from trtpoc, /jetoos, varia- ble, and cticpoi; dcndron, a tree; tree variable in form), Desf. mem. mus. 4. p. 9. t. 3. D. C. prod. 2. p. 92. Lin, syst. Decdndria, jMunugynia. Flowers hermaphrodite. 78 TEREBINTHACE^. XXIX. Stylobasium. XXX. Cneorum. XXXI. Suriana. SPONDIACE^. Calyx small, permanent, sinuately 4-5-toothed. Petals wanting. Stamens 10-12, hypogynous ; anthers 2-celled, inserted by the base. Ovary bluntly 2-4-sided, 2-4-celled, hairy. Style scarcely any. Fruit unknown. — A shrub, with the appearance of Cneorum. Leaves simple, oblong-lanceolate, quite entire. Flowers in ax- illary racemes. 1 H. oLE^FOLiuM (Desf. 1. c). Tj . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers yellowish-green. Olive-leaved Heterodendron. Shrub. Cult. See Cneorum for culture and propagation. XXIX. STYLOBASIUM (from (ttvXoc, stylos, a style, and i^QoiQ, basis, abase; style at the base of the ovary). Desf. mem. mus. 5. p. 37. t. 2. D. C. prod. 2. p. 92. Lin. svst. Decandria, Monogijnia. Calyx urceolar, blvmtly 5-lobed (f. 14. a.), coloured. Petals wanting. Stamens 10 (f. 14. b.), hypogynous; anthers 2-celled (f. 14.^.). Ovary obovate (f. 14./.), containing 2 ovula, bearing from the side at the base a filiform style (f. 14./.), which is capitate at the apex (f. 14. c). Drupe (f. 14. e.), 1 -celled, 1 -seeded, roundish, FIG girded by the calyx A shrub, with alternate, somewhat spatu- late, quite entire, smooth leaves. Flowers usually polygamous from abortion, on short pedicels from the axillae of the upper branches. This genus probably belongs to Terebinthaccif near Heteroden- dron or perhaps to Rosacece, Tribe Chrysobala'ne«. 1 S. spatula'tum (Desf. 1. c). Tj . G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern coast. Spatxdale-\eA\eA Stylobasium. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. See Cneorum for cidture and propagation. XXX. CNEO'RUM (ici'Ewpo)', cneoron, a name given to some shrub resembling an olive by Hippocrates and Theophrastus). Lin. gen. no. 48. Lain. ill. t. 27. Kunth, gen. tereb. p. 25, D. C. prod. 2. p. 83. — Chamae'lea, Tourn. inst. t. 421. Lin. syst. Trl-Tetrdndria, Monogijnia. Flowers herma- phrodite. Calyx 3-5-toothed, small, permanent. Petals 3-4, equal, imbricate in aestivation. Torus somewhat globose. Sta- mens 3-4. Stigmas 3-4. Drupes baccate, 3-4, joined together by the axis ; putamen 2-celled; cells 1 -seeded. Seed pendu- lous. Albumen fleshy. Radicle recurved downwards and beyond the cotyledons. Cotyledons semicylindrical (G»rt. fruct. 1. t. 70.) — Subshrubs, with entire linear-oblong, dotless leaves, and axillary, yellow flowers. This genus is perhaps more nearly allied to DodoncEacea;. 1 C. TRicoccoN (Lin. spec. 49.) smooth ; flowers axillary ; pedicels free from the floral leaves. >; . G. Native of Spain and the south of France, in gravelly and rocky places. Sims, bot. mag. icon. Lam. ill. 27. — Cam. epit. t. 973. Jaume, pi. fr. t. 5. Flowers usually 3-cleft. This is a dwarf spreading shrub with narrow leaves, having fruit resembling some species of Euphorbia, Three-berried Widow-wail. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1793. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 2 C. pulverule'ntum (Vent. hort. eels. t. 77.) plant covered with greyish powder ; flowers axillary ; pedicels adhering to the base of the floral leaves, fj . G. Native of Teneriffe, among rocks in hot situations. Flowers usually 4-cleft. PoH'rfery Widow-wail. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1822. Sh. 1 to 3 ft. Cult. The species thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, or any light loamy soil. They will survive the winter in the open air in mild winters. Ripened cuttings root freely in sand, under a hand-glass. Seeds ripen in abundance. XXXI. SURIA^NA (in honour of Joseph Donat Surian, once a physician at Marseilles, who accompanied Plumier in his travels). Plum. gen. 37. Lin. gen. no. 581. Lam. ill. t. 389. D. C. prod. 2. p. 91. Lin. syst. Peiita-Decdndria, Pentagynta. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, hypogynous, or inserted in the bottom of the calyx. Stamens 5-10. Carpels 5, bearing each a filiform style on the inside laterally, ending in a valveless, indehiscent, coriaceous nut. Seed 1 from the base, obovate, kidney-shaped, destitute of albumen. Embryo replicate, with a terete radicle directed downwards, and flat incumbent cotyledons. — A shrub with sim- ple, oblong, spatulate, thickish, rather velvety, exstipulate leaves, which are crowded at the tops of the branches, and yellow, bracteate, subterminal flowers. From the embryo this genus is allied to Cneorum, not to Rosacea, and perhaps with it and Hete- rodendron will constitute a distinct order. According to Kunth it is more nearly allied to Geraniaceez. 1 S. MARiTiMA (Lin. spec. 284.). Tj . S. Native of South America, by the sea-side as well as of India and New Caledonia, &c. Plum, ed Burm. t. 249. f. 1. Flowers yellowish. Sea-side Hunnna. Clt. 1733. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. Cult. Loam and sand is a good mixture for this tree, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. Order LXXIV. SPONDIA'CEvE (plants agreeing with Sjwndias in important characters). Kunth in ann. scienc. nat. 2. p. 362. Lindl. introd. nat. ord. p. 362. Terebinthaceffi, Tribe III. Spondiacese, D. C. prod. 2. p. 74. Flowers sometimes unisexual. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 15. a.), re- gular, permanent or deciduous. Petals 5 (f. 15. 6.), inserted below the disk which surrounds the ovary, somewhat valvate or imbricate in aestivation. .Stamens 10, perigynous, inserted with the petals. Disk annular in the male flowers, orbicular, 10- toothed. Ovary superior, sessile, from 2-5-celled, with one pendulous ovum in each cell. Styles 5, very short, crowned by obtuse stigmas. Fruit drupaceous (f. 15. d.), containing a 2-5- celled nut (f. 15. c). Seeds exalbuminous. Cotyledons plano- convex. Radicle superior, pointing towards the hilum, but in- ferior in Spondias, according to Gasrtner. — Trees, with un- equally-pinnate, altei-nate, dotless leaves, a few simple ones occasionally intermixed, ail exstipulate. Flowers axillary and terminal, disposed in panicles or racemes. — This order comes very near TerebinthdcecB in the structure of its fruit, which is almost that of Mangifera, except that it is compound and not simple, destitute however of the resinous juice of that order. Synopsis of the Genera. 1 Spondias. Flowers sometimes unisexual. Calyx 5-cleft (f 15. a.). Petals 5 (f. 15. 6.), rather valvate in estivation. Stamens 1 0, glandular, exserted from the disk. Ovary 1. Styles 5. Drupe (f. 15. d.) containing a 5-celled fibrous nut(f. 15. c), each cell containing 2 ova, one of which only comes to maturity. 2 Poupa'rtia. Flowers unisexual. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 10. Ovary 5-celled ? with some of the cells abortive. Styles 5. Drupe containing a 2-3- celled fibrous nut. SPONDIACE7E. I. SroNDiAs. II. Poupartia. BURSERIACE^E. FIG. 15. I. SPO'NDIAS (airotciac, sponilias, one of the Greek names for tlie plum ; the fruit exactly resembles a plum). Lin. gen. no. 577. Gsert. fruct. 2. t. lOt. Kuntli. gen. tereb. p. 31. D. C. prod. 2. p. 74. Lin. syst. Decandria, Pcntngi'jnla. Flowers sometimes of separ.Tte sexes. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 15. a.), coloured. Petals 5 (f. 15. h.), oblong, spreading, somewhat valvate in .-estivation. Stamens 10, glandular, exserted, rising from the crenate disk. Ovary 1, ovate. Styles 5, erect, distant, simple. Drupe ovate (f. 15. rf.) or roundish, crowned by the punctiform vestiges of the styles, containing a fibrous 5-cclled nut (f. 15. c), each cell containing 2 ovula. Seed solitary from abortion, without albu- men. Embryo straight, with somewhat fleshy cotyledons, and an inferior radicle. — Trees, with impari-pinnate leaves, very rarely simple. Racemes axillary or terminal, simple or panicled. This genus agrees with Schlnus in the radicle being inferior. 1 S. i'urpu'rka (Lin. spec. 613.) leaves impari-pinnate ; petioles com- pressed. '; . S. Native of the West Indies and South America. S. Mom- bin, Lin. syst. veg. 357. but not of Jacq. S. myrobalanus, Jacq. amer. t. 88. Gtcrt. fruct. 2. p. 102. t. \0i. —Sloan, jam. 2. p. 126. t. 219. f. 3, 4, and 5. Flowers small, red, in simple racemes. Fruit ovate or ob- long, purple or variegated with yel- low, an inch long ; pulp yellow, with a singular, but agreeable acid aro- matic flavour, but is not held in much esteem by Europeans. The tree is very variable in size ; the boughs are set in the ground when in flower as hedges, and in the course of 2 or 3 months they are laden with fruit. It is called Spanish plum-tree. /^Hc^j^t'-fruited Hog-plum or Spanish plum. Clt. 1800. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 2 S. Za'nzee ; leaves impari-pinnate, with entire leaflets; fruit small, black, edible ; panicle terminal. Ij . S. Native of Guinea, where it is called Zanxee. Zanzce Hog-plum. Tree 60 feet. 3 S. lu'tea (Lin. spec. 613.) leaves impari-pinnate, with 7-9 ovate, oblong, shining leaflets, which are gradually acuminated ; petioles round. tj . S. Native of South America and the West Indies, where it is called Mombin, Hobo, &c. S. myrobalanus, Lin. syst. 357. S. Mombin, Jacq. amer. 138. Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 102. — Sloan, hist. t. 219. f. 1 and 2. Racemes in branched panicles. The fruit of this tree is yellow, and as large as a plum ; the flesh is of an agreeable acid aromatic flavour, eaten by children and some of the inhabitants, but furnishing excellent food for hogs. There is a variety of this species in Jamaica, esteemed by some persons. As the branches grow very readily, the tree is used by some for hedges, and one or two is planted in pastures to afford shade for sheep. Yellow-huhed Hog-plum. Clt. 1 739. Tree 50 feet. 4 S. Oghi'gee ; leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets ovate, acute, entire; panicle spreading, terminal ; flowers pentandrous. Tj . S. Native of Guinea, where it is called Oghiirce. Fruit about the si/e of a pigeon's egg, yellow, of a fine sweetish acid taste. Flowers small, white. Oghigee Hog-plum. Tree 60 feet. Cult. Loam and sand is a good mixture for the species of Spondias, and large cuttings will root if planted in sand or mould, in heat. II. POUPA'RTIA (the tree is called in the island of Bourbon Bois dc Poupart). Comni. in Juss. gen. 372. Kunth. gen. tereb. p. 31. D. C. prod. 2. p. 75. LiN. SYST. Dioecia, Dccdndria. Flowers of separate sexes. Calyx 5-parted, deciduous. Petals 5, spreading very much, imbricate in icstivation. Stamens inserted on the margin of a hypogynous disk. Ovary 5-celled ? cells 1-seeded, with some of the cells usually abortive. Styles 5, approximate or subcon- nate, crowned by obtuse truncate stigmas. Drupe baccate, con- taining a 2-5-cclled nut ; cells remote from the axis. Seeds flattisli, without albumen, somewhat falcate. Embryo exalbu- minous, inverted with ])lano-convex cotyledons, and a lateral or centrifugal radicle. — Trees, with impari-pinnate leaves, and quite entire acuminated leaflets, and subterminal panicles of flowers. This genus is said to belong to Burseriucece by R. Brown. 1 P. Borb6nica (Lam. diet. 5. p. 606.) leaves pinnate; racemes compound. Tj . S. Native of the island of Bourbon, where it is called Bois dc Poupart. Leaves some of them simple, others with numerous leaflets, 11-19. Flowers dark-purple. Bourbon Poupart-wood. Clt. 1825. Tree 40 feet. 2 P. mangi'fera (Blum, bijdr. 1160.) leaflets ovate or ellip- tic-oblong, acuminated, oblique at the base, quite entire, veiny, and smooth ; panicle divaricate. Jj . S. Native of Java, and other parts of the East Indies, where it is called Daho. Mangi- fera pinnata, Lin. fil. suppl. 156. Spondias mangifera, Pers. ench. p. 509. .Spondias amura. Lam. diet. 4. p. 261. I'he leaves of this tree are said by Rheede to be agreeably acid. The fruit oval, of a yellowish-green colour, an inch and a half long, eatable, and agreeably fragrant. The cat-ambalan of Rheed. mal. p. 93. appears to be a wild state of the same plant. il/on^o-tfari'n^ Poupartia. Clt. 1820. Tree. 3 P. DULCis (Blum, bijdr. 1 161.) leaflets elliptic-oblong, acu- minated, repandly-crenulated, smooth, with parallel veins ; pa- nicle divaricate. \ . S. Native of Java, jNIoluccas, and the Society Islands. Spondias dulcis, Forst. prod. 198. Spondias Cytherae'a, Sonn. itin. 2. t. 123. Lam. diet. 4. p. 160. ill. t. 384. Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 101. t. 103. The fruit is large, and very smooth, of a golden-yellow colour, and a somewhat nauseous fetid smell, containing a sweet, aromatic, succulent pulp. The tree is cultivated to a great extent in the Society and Friendly Islands, especially in Otaheite, for the sake of its fruit, which is esteemed one of the most wholesome ; it has almost the flavour of a pine-apple, and not only assuages thirst, but is given to the sick without distinction. 6Viec« Otabeite-applc. Clt. 1793. Tree 30 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Spondias. Order LXXV. BURSERIA^CEiE (plants agreeing with Bursera in important characters). Kunth, in ann. sci. nat. 2. p. 333. Lindl. introd. nat. ord. Terebinthaceae, Tribe IV. D, C. prod. 2. p. 75. Terebinthaceae, part. Juss. gen. 368. Flowers hermaphrodite (f. 16.), but occasionally unisexual (f. 18.). Calyx permanent, nearly regular, with from 2-5 divi- sions (f. 16. a.). Petals 3-5 (f. 16. c), inserted below the disk, rising from the calyx, usually valvate in aestivation. Stamens 2 (f. 16. (/.), or 4-times as many as there are petals, perigynous, all fertile. Disk orbicular (f. 18. d.), or annular (f. 16. b.). Ovary 2-l-celled, superior, sessile (f. 16. c. f. 18. e.). Style short or wanting, with the stigmas equal in number to the cells of the ovary. Ovula in pairs, attached to the axis, collateral. Fruit drupaceous (f. 18. e.), 2-5-celled, with the outer part often splitting into valves. Seeds exalbuminous. Cotyledons either 80 BURSERIACE^. I. Boswellia. wrinkled or plaited or fleshy. Radicle superior, straight, turned towards the hilum. — Trees or shrubs, abounding in balsamic resin or gum. Leaves alternate, unequally pinnate, occasionally stipulate, usually without pellucid dots. Flowers axillary or terminal, disposed in racemes or panicles. This order differs from Tereh'tnlhacea, to which it is closely allied, in the com- pound ovary and pinnate leaves, and also in the very generally valvate aestivation of the calyx. The plants abound in a fra- grant resinous juice, which, however, is destitute of the acridity and staining properties of that of Terebinthacece. The resin of Boswellia is used in India as incense, and also as pitch. It is hard and brittle, and according to Dr. Roxburgh, is boiled with some low-priced oil to render it soft and fit for use. The native doctors prescribe it mixed with ghee (clarified butter) in cases of gonorrhoea, and also in what they call ritta. A sub- stance like gum elemi is produced by Icica Icicariba and /. Ca- rdna, and a yellow essential oil by Bursera acuminata, which has the same properties as those of balsam of capaiva ; the 3-horned nuts oi Canarium commune are eaten in Java both raw and dressed, and an oil is expressed from them which is used at table when fresh, and for lamps when boiled. The raw nuts, however, are apt to bring on diarrhoea. Synoi^sis of the Genera. 1 Boswe'llia. Flowers hermaphrodite (f. 16.). Calyx 5- toothed (f. 16. a.). Petals 5 (f 16. c), with the edges incum- bent in aestivation. Disk cup-shaped (f. 16. 6.), crenated, sta- miniferous. Stamens 10 (f. 16. d.). Style crowned by a capitate stigma. Capsule trigonal (f. 16. e.), 3-valved, 3-celled. Seeds solitary in the cells, girded by a membrane. 2 Balsamode'ndron. Flowers unisexual. Calyx 4 -toothed. Petals 4, induplicately-valvate in aestivation. Stamens 8, in- serted under the annular disk, with elevated warts between them. Ovary 1. Style 1, short, obtuse. Berry or drupe ovate, acute, marked by 4 sutures, 1-2-celled; cells 1 -seeded. 3 IcicA. Flowers usually hermaphrodite. Calyx 4-5-toothed. Petals 4-5, inserted under the disk, valvate in aestivation. Sta- mens 8-10. Ovary 4-5-celled ; cells 2-ovulate. Disk orbicular. Style short, crowned by 3-4 stigmas. Fruit coriaceous, 2-3- valved, containing 4-5 little, 1-seeded nuts involved in pulp. 4 Pkotium. Flowers unisexual. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, in- serted under the disk, valvate in aestivation. Stamens 10. Style 1. Disk truncate, 10-ribbed. Drupe indehiscent, containino- 3 nuts, 2 of which are usually abortive. 5 Burse'ra. Flowers polygamous (f. 18.). Calyx small, 3-5-parted. Petals 8-5 (f. 18. h.), valvate in sestivation. Stamens 6-10 (f. 18. c). Disk annular, 8-crenate (f. 18. d.). Ovary 3-celled. Style short, trifid. Drupe (f. IS. e.), 3- valved, containing 3 1-2-seeded nuts, 2 of which are abortive. 6 Mari'gnia. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-cleft. Pe- tals 5, valvate in estivation. Disk entire. Stamens 10. Ovary .5-celled. Stigma nearly sessile, somewhat 5-lobed. Drupe containing 1-5 1-seeded nuts, covered with pulp. 7 Colopho'nia. Calyx urceolate, S-lobed. Petals 3, in- serted under the disk, imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 6. Disk 6-toothed, 8 Cana'kium. Flowers dioecious or polygamous. Calyx 3-toothed. Petals 3, imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 6. Disk urceolate. Ovary 3-celled. Style short, crowned by 3 pune- tiform stigmas. Drupe baccate, containing a 3-celled nut. 9 HEDwiciA. Flowers polygamous or hermaphrodite. Calyx 4-toothed. Petals 4, concrete to the middle, valvate in aesti- vation. Stamens 8, adnate to the corolla. Disk cup-shaped, 8-lobed. Ovary 4-celled, 8 -furrowed. Stigma sessile, 4- furrowed. Berry 4-furrowed, containing 4 nuts, one of which only conies to maturity. 10 Sorinde'ia. Flowers poly gamo-dioecious. Calyx urceo- late, 5-toothed. Petals 5, valvate in aestivation. Stamens about 20 (16-28), inserted in the bottom of the calyx in the male flowers, and 5 fertile in the hermaphrodite ones. Stigmas 3, sessile. Drupe containing a filamentose nut. 11 Garuga. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed. Petals 5, inserted in the calyx as well as the stamens, which are 10 in number, with 5 pairs of glands between the stamens. Style filiform, crowned by a 5-lobed stigma. Drupe fleshy, containing 5 irregular 1-seeded nuts, or only 2-3 from abortion. 12 Ela^phrium. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. Stamens 8. Style short, crowned by a bifid stigma. Capsule 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seeds covered with pulp. 13 Fagara'strum. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 3-4- parted. Petals 3-4. Stamens 6-8, unequal. Ovary stipitate, with the stipe bearing the petals and stamens, tubercled, 3-4- lobed at the apex, 3-4-celled ; cells 2-ovulate. Style 3-4-angled, 3-4-lobed at the apex. I. BOSWE'LLIA (in memory of the late Dr. John Boswell, of Edinburgh). Roxb. cor. t. 207. hort. beng. p. 32. Kimth, gen. tereb. p. 16. D. C. prod. 2. p. 76. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogijnia. Flowers hermaphro- dite (f. 16.). Calyx 5-toothed (f. 16. a.), permanent. Petals 5 (f. 16. c), obovate-oblong, spreading, with the margins incum- bent in aestivation. Disk cup-shaped, crenate (f. 16. 6,), stami- niferous, surrounding the base of the ovary. Stamens 10 (f. 16. d.). Ovary oblong, trigonal, 3-celled ; cells 2-ovulate ; ova attached to the axis. Style 1. Stigma capitate, 3-furrowed. Capside trigonal (f. 16. c), 3-valved, 3-celled, opening from the base. Seed solitary in the cells, girded by a broad membra- nous wing Indian trees abounding in balsam. Leaves impari- pinnate, with opposite serrated leaflets. Flowers small, disposed in racemes or panicles. This genus differs from the rest of Burseriacece in the fruit being capsular, not drupaceous. 1 B. gla'bra (Roxb. cor. 3. p. 4. t. 207.) leaflets broad, lan- ceolate, blunt, serrated, smooth ; racemes aggregate, simple, terminal, shorter than the leaves. ^ . S. Native of Coroman- del and the Moluccas. Rumph. amb. 2. t. 50. ex Roxb. and therefore Canarium balsamiferum, Willd. spec. 4. p. 760. This is one of the largest trees on the coast of Coromandel, where it is called Gugulapootschittoo. The wood is hard, heavy, and durable. The wounded bark yields a kind of resin, which is burnt as incense in the Hindu temples, and is also employed BURSERIACE/E. I. Boswellia. II. Balsamodendron. il Flowers whitish-yellow. with vegcfahlc oil for the more useful purpose of marine pitch. Leaves crowded at the ends of the hranches, a span lonjf, decidu- ous. Flowers small, white, with a red nectary and yellow anthers. Siiioulh Boswellia. Clt. 1823. Tree 7o"feet. 2 B. iiirsu"ta (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 2.) leaflets oblong- lanceolate, hairy, deeply serrated; racemes axillary, simple, many- flowered. 5; . S. Native of Amboyna. Rumph. anib. 2. t. 51. ex Smith, and therefore Canarium hirsiltum, Willd. spec. 4. p. 7G0. Htiiri/ Boswellia. Tree 50 feet. 3B.si;RRATA(Stack. FIG. IG. extr. briic. p. 19. t. 3.) leaflets ovate -oblong, taper-pointed, serrated, pubescent ; racemes ax- illary, simple. (j . S. Native of the moun- tainous parts of India. From this tree is col- lected the gum oliba- num ex Colebr. in asiat. res. 9. p. 377. with a coloured figure. B. thurifera, Roxb. hort. beng. p. It is generally agreed that the gum resin, called olibanum, is the frankincense which was used in the religious ceremonies of the an- cients, but there is not the same agreement as to the plant sup- posed to produce it. Linnaeus has referred it to the Lycian juniper, and the chemical writers agree with him ; but the French botanists deny it, and say that Linnaeus made the assertion without proof. This remark is evidently well founded. A great degree of obscurity has always hung over this subject ; and we learn from Theophrastus and from I'liny that the Greek writers differed in their description of the tree. Olibanum is named Luban and Cundur by the Arabs. But benzoin having been introduced into general use as incense, in place of Olibanum, the name of Luban is given to that fragrant balsam, but the Mahommedan writers of India on materia medica apply only the term Cundur to Olibanum. From the Hebrew Lebona/i or Arabic Luban, the Greeks obtained their names for the tree and gum Libanos and Libanotos. They seem likewise to have been acquainted with the term Cundur, from which Korcpw is probably derived. The Hindoo writers on materia medica notice a fragrant resinous gum under the name of Cunduru, which their grammarians con- sider as a Sanscrit word, and accordingly date an etymology of it from a Sanscrit root. They concur in declaring it to be the pro- duce of the S'allaci, a tree which they affirm to be vulgarly called Salai. The tree which is known by that name is the Bosn'eUia serrala. Mr. TurnbuU, who was surgeon to the residency of Nagpore in the East Indies, and on his return to the station of Mirzapore he had procured considerable quantities of the gum of the Salai, which he sent to Europe at different times, first without assigning the name of Olibanum, and afterwards under that designation. It was in England recognised for Olibanum, though offered for sale as a different gum ; and annual consign- ments of it have been since regularly sold at the East India Company's sales. The experience of several years at a luarket such as that of London, where a mistake, if any had been com- mitted, would have been soon discovered, seems to be conclusive. Olibanum is said to be principally collected in Arabia and brought from Jlecca to Cairo, from whence it is imported into Europe. It consists of various brittle grains of different sizes, not larger than a chesnut, of a red or yellow colour, having little taste and a peculiar aromatic smell. Newmann got from 480 grains, 346 alcoholic and 125 watery extract, and inversely 200 watery and 273 alcoholic. The distilled spirit and water both smelt of Olibanum, but no oil separated. Olibanum forms a transparent VOL. 11. solution with alcohol, and a milky fluid when triturated with water; it is not fusible but iiiflannnable, and burns with an agree- able smell. It is said to be the frankincense of the ancients ; and the diffusion of its va))()ur around the altar still forms part of the religious ceremonies of the Greek and Roman Catholic churches. ^'crraari-pinnate leaves and axillary panicles of flowers. This genus is hardly distinct from Bursira. 1 P. Java'nicum (Burm. 1. c). 1? . S. Native of Java. Amyris Protium, Lin. mant. 65. — Ruraph. amb. 7. t. 23. f. 1. Leaflets 7, stalked, oblong, acute, wavy. Java Protium. Tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see Boswcllia, p. 81. V. BURSE'RA (in honour of Joachirn Burser, a disciple of Caspar Bauhin). iacq. amer. 94. Lin. gen. no. 440. Swartz, obs. 130. Kunth, gen. tereb. p. 18. D. C. prod. 2. p. 78. Lin. SYST. I'olijgamitt,DicEeia. Flowers polygamous (f. 18.). M 2 81 BURSERIACEjC. v. Bursera. VI. Marignia. VII. Colophonia. VIII. Canarium. FIG. 18. Calyx small, 3-5-tootlietl, with blunt teeth. Petals 3-5 (f. 18. 6.), spreading, v;.lvate in astiv.«ion. Stamens 6-10 (f. 18. c). Disk annuhir, with usually 6-10 teeth (f. 18. d.). Ovary ovate, 3-5-angled, 3-5-seeded. Style short, trifid at the apex. Drupe oblong, covered by a 3-valved succulent rind (f. 18. e.), con- taining 3-5 nuts, 2 or 4 of which are abortive, the fertile one is flesiiy, and containing 1 seed or 1 nut. Seed baccate ac- cordin ' to Swartz, pendulous, without albumen. Cotyledons leafy, corrugated, and plaited or 3-lobed, with a straiglit su- perior radicle. — American balsam-bearing trees, with impari-pin- nate or simple leaves, and axillary and terminal racemes of flowers. 1 B. GUMMiFERA (Jacq. amer. 94. t. 65. Lin. spec. 741.) leaves deciduous, usually impari-pinnate ; leaflets ovate, acute, membranous ; racemes axillary ; flowers hexandrous. Tj . S. Native of tjie West Indies. — Sloan, hist. t. 199. There are va- rieties of this plant with simple, trifoliate, and impari-pinnate leaves, with 5-9 leaflets. Nut not exactly trigonal, but rather roundish, very like P'islach'ia. The tree is common in all the sugar i:slands of the West Indies. The bark is very thick, and exudes a clear transparent resin, wliich soon hardens in the air, and looks like the mastick of the shops ; but by incision it yields a considerable quantity of a more fluid substance, which has much the smell and appearance of turpentine, and may be used for the same purposes. In the French islands it is called Gommier hlanc, and an infusion of the buds and young leaves is recommended in disorders of the breast. Far. ft, polijphyUa (D. C. prod. 2. p. 78.) leaflets 11-13. Native of the Bahama islands. Cat. carol. 1. t. 30. Guw-tcan'rto- Bursera. Clt. 1G90. Tree 80 feet. 2 B. serra'ta (Wall, ex Co'eb. in Lin. trans, vol. 15. t. 4. f. 1.) leaves impari-pinnate, with 3-5 pairs of broad-lanceolate, bluntly- acuminated, serrulated leaflets ; petioles pubescent, as well as the pedicels and young roots ; panicles axillary, shorter than the leaves ; flowers decandrous. 1^ • S- Native of the forests bordering on Ben- gal. The timber is close-grained and hard, and is nmch esteemed, and used for furniture by the in- habitants. It is as tough as oak, and heavier. Its vernacular name is Najor or Neyor. Serratcd-XcKvcA Bursera. Clt. 1818. Tree 70 feet. 3 B. acumina'ta (Willd. spec. 4. p. 1120.) leaves impari- pinnate ; leaflets oblong, acute at the base, acuminated at the apex ; racemes axillary. \ . S. Native of Caraccas, as well as of Porto-Rico and St. Domingo. Flowers and fruit unknown. This tree contains a concrete yellow essential oil. Acuminalcd-XcaycA Bursera. Tree 60 feel. 4 B. lei'Topiil.e'os (Mart. bot. zeit. July 1 828.) trunk branclied at the base ; bark shining, smooth, papyraceous, soluble ; leaves impari-pinnate, and are, as well as the branches, pubescent ; leaf- lets 5-7, oblong, acute ; lobed in front; racemes few-flowered, lateral and axillary. fj . S. Native of Brazil. A tree full of thin resinous juice. Thin-juiced Bursera. Tree 50 feet. 5 B. siMPLiciFOLiA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 79.) leaves simple, ob- long-obovate, obtuse, somewhat emarginate, coriaceous ; racemes terminal, somewhat corymbose ; nut exactly trigonal, with the angles a little winged. I^ . S. Cultivated in Jamaica. Simple-lcavcd Bursera. Tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see Boswellia, p. 81. It VI. IMARIGNIA (meaning unknown.) Comm. ined. Kuiith. nov. gen. tereb. p. 19. D. C. prod. 2. p. 79. — Dammara, Gsert. fruct. 2. p. 100. t. 103. but not of Lam. nor Link. Lin. svst. Dccdndria, Monogynia. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-cleft, permanent, with acute lobes. Petals 5, twice as long as the calyx, valvate in aestivation. Disk entire. Stamens 10, length of calyx. Ovary roundish, 5-celled. Stigma almost sessile, somewhat 5-lobed. Drupe crowned by the stigma, con- taining 1-5 1 -seeded nuts, with the hark coriaceous, and perhaps soluble ; nuts covered with pulp. Seed pendulous, without albumen. Cotyledons leafy, finely contortuplicate (Gaert.), but flat in the immature seeds (Kunth.). Radicle superior. — Balsam- iferous trees, with impari-pinnate leaves, and numerous coriace- ous, variable leaflets. Racemes of flowers axillary and ter- minal. 1 M. oBTusiFOLiA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 79.) leaflets obovate, obtuse. Ij . S. Native of the Mauritius, where it is called Colojthane Batard. Bursera obtusifolia, Lam. diet. 2. p. 768. Dammara grav^olens, Gaert. fruct. 1. c. Leaflets blunt, glaucous, and shining above. Blunl-lcavcd Marignia. Tree 50 feet. 2 M. AcuTiFOLiA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 79.) leaflets acute. Ij . S. Native of the Moluccas. Dammara nigra, Rumph. amb. 2. p. 160. t. 52. Acute-leaved Marignia. Tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see BosivcUia, p. 81. VII. COLOPHO'NIA (called in the Isle of France Bois de Colophoiic). Comm. ined. Kunth. gen. tereb. p. 20. D. C.prod. 2. p. 79. Lin. syst. HexAndria, Monogynia. Calyx urceolar, bluntly 3-lobed. Petals 3, inserted under the disk, roundish-ovate, imbricate in the bud. Stamens 6, one-half shorter than the petals, equal in length to the calyx. Disk 6-lobed. Ovary ? ■ — Resinous trees, with impari-pinnate, coriaceous, dotless leaves, and panicles of unisexual flowers. 1 C. Mauritia NA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 79.) Tj . S. Native of the IMauritius. Bursera paniculata, Lam. diet. 2. p. 768. Flowers purple. Fruit unknown. Leaflets 5-7, oval, acute, entire, smooth. Mauritian Colophonia. Tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see Boswellia, p. 81. VIII. CANA'RIUM (derived from its vernacular name Canari, in the Malay language). Lin. mant. 127. Ga'rt. fruct. 2. t. 102. Keen. anii. bot. 1. p. 360. Kunth. gen. tereb. p. 20. D. C. prod. 2. p. 79.— Pimela, Lour. fl. coch. p. 407. Lin. syst. Polygamia, Dicecia. Flowers dioeciotis or poly- gamous. Calyx urceolate, 3-toothed. Petals 3, concave, con- nivcnt, imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 6, rarely 7-8, connate at the base into a tube girding the ovary. Ovary ovate-globose, 3-celled, 2 of which are usually abortive. Style short, thick, crowned by a trigonal stigma. Drupe baccate, containing a tri- gonal 3-celled nut, each cell containing 1 ))endulous seed, but sometimes solitary from abortion, destitute of albumen. Coty- ledons 2, each divided into 3 oblong, somewhat leafy lobes, which are twisted in various ways. — Indian trees, with impari- pinnate leaves and stalked leaflets; stipulas deciduous. Flowers racemose or panicled. Sect. I. Cana'ria (see genus for derivation). D. C. prod. 2. p. 79. Drupe containing a 1-celled nut wlien mature. 1 C. commu'ne (Lin. mant. 127.) leaflets 7-9, on long stalks, ovate-oblong, bluntly acuminated, quite entire, smooth ; stipulas toothed or undivided ; panicle terminal ; flowers glomerate, nearly sessile, bracteate ; stamens connate into a membranous BURSERIACE^. VIII. Canarium. IX. IIedwigia. 85 tube at tlic base. 1; . S. Native of the East Indies, and tlie Moluccas, where it is also cultivated for the sake of its fruit. C. vulgare, Runipli. anib. 2. t. 47. C. Mehenbetlicne, Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 10^. — Keen. ann. bot. 1. p. 2G0. t. 7. f. 2. Flowers white. Fruit ovate, witli a thin olive skin. Wlien the nuts are mature, they contain a sweet kernel, which does not become ran- cid, and which resembles a sweet chesnut ; they are eaten both raw and dressed by the iniiabitants of the Moluccas, Banda, and New Guinea ; and an oil is expressed from them, which is used at the table when fresh, and for lamps when stale ; bread is also made from them, cakes, biscuits, &c. for the table. Eaten fresh, they are apt to bring on diarrhoeas and dysenteries, and to occasion an oppression of the breast. fur. />, Zcjjhijr'miim (U. C. prod. 2. p. 79.) leaflets IJ. — Rumph. amb. 2. t. 48. Common Canariuni. Tree 50 feet. 2 C. sylve'stre (Gart. fruct. 2. p. 99. t. 102.) leaflets 3-5, oblong, tapering to both ends, quite entire ; flowers racemose, terminal. ^ . S. Native of Amboyna, on the mountains. — Rumph. amb. 2. t. 49. Flowers white. Fruit obovate, rounded, not 3-cornered. The kernels of the nuts are eatable, and it is difficult to get them out of the shell, on account of their brittle- ness and singular form. }f'ild Canarium, Tree 50 feet. 3 C. microca'ri'um (Willd. spec. 4. p. 700.) leaflets 5-9, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, smootli, quite entire ; racemes axillary, elongated, mauy-flowercd ; fruit drooping. ^.S. Na- tive of tlie Molucca Islands and Cochin-china. — Rumph. amb. 2. t. 54. Amyris oleosa. Lam. diet. 1. p. 362. Piniela oleosa, Lour, coch. 408. Flowers white. Drupe small, oval, of a blueish-black colour, not eatable. By incisions made in the triuik of the tree, a viscid, odorous, yellow ish oil flows out, very like Capaiva, which is mixed with the Chinese varnish ; used medicinally it is vul- nerary and resolvent. It is frequently used in the naval yards, and is commonly called Damar ; it is mixed with a little chalk, and used with oakimi made of the bark of reeds to fill up the seams in ships and boats, and becomes as hard as a piece of stone. Small-fruited Canarium. Tree 50 feet. Sect. II. Pime^la (from Trii^e\t],pimele, fat ; the trees yield a very fat oil and resin). D. C. prod. 2. p. 80. Drupe when mature containing a 3-celled nut. 4 C. declma'num (Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 99. t. 102.) leaflets 9- II, elliptical, quite entire, acute; racemes few-flowered, axil- lary ; drupe containing a 3-celled putamen. I; . S. Native of the Molucca Islands. — Rimiph. amb. 2. t. 55. Flowers white. Fruit larger than the others ; shell of nut 3-cornered. Huge Canarium. Tree SO feet. 5 C. pime'la (Keen. ann. bot. 1. p. 3G1. t. 7. f. 1.) leaflets 9- 11, oblong, acuminated, quite entire, somewhat unequal, smooth ; stipulas wanting ; racemes lateral, aggregate ; flowers fascicled, naked ; stamens connate into a membranous tube ; drupe con- taining a somewhat 2-celled nut. I; . G. Native of Cochin- china, China, and Java, in woods. Pimela mgra. Lour. fl. cochin. 407. Flowers white. Fruit black, sometimes pickled, and has somewhat the taste of an olive, but is lieavy on the stomach. Fat Canarium. Tree 50 feet. C C. a'lbum (Raeusch. nom. D. C. prod. 2. p. 80.) leaflets 11-13, scabrous, ovate-lanceolate; racemes crowded, almost ter- minal ; drupe containing a 3 celled nut. f?. S. Native of China and Cochin-china, in woods. C. Sinense, Rumph. amb. 2. p. 154. Pimela ilba. Lour, cochin. 408. Flowers white. Fruit greenish-yellow ; it is pickled and used like olives, and is similar both in taste and form, and is reckoned very wholesome, and considered good for digestion and provoking the appetite. Leaflets half a foot lonsj. //7((7c-fruited Canarium. Tree 40 feet. 7 C. denticula'tum (Blum, bijdr. 11G2.) leaflets elliptic-ob- long, acuminated, obsoletely denticulated above, smoothish ; sti- pulas stem-clasping, jagged ; panicle subterminal ; flowers glo- merate, sessile, bibracteolate ; stamens connate into a men)l)ra- nous tube at the base. ^ . S. Native of Java, in woods, on the mountains of Salak, Parang, &c. where it is called Kipella. Denliculated-lviMettijd Canarium. Tree. 8 C. iii'spiDUM (Blum, bijdr. 11G3.) leaflets oblong, acumi- nated, subcordate at the base, unequal-sided, quite entire, hispid beneath, as well as the fruit ; stipulas petiolar, small ; racemes subterminal, aggregate ; flowers fascicled, naked ; stamens seated on the margin of a villous disk. 1^ . S. Native of Java, on mountains about Bantam, where it is called Surian. lar. fi, scabrum (Blum, bijdr. 11G3.) leaves larger, scabrous beneath ; racemes compound. J^ • S- Native of Java, on the mountains of Salak. Hispid Canarium. Tree. 9 C. ALTi'ssiMUM (Blum, bijdr. 11G3.) leaflets oblong, cuspi- date, subcordate at the base, quite entire, rather pilose on both surfaces, ciliated ; stipulas petiolar, small, subulate ; racemes axillary, simple ; fruit liis|)id ; stamens seated on the margin of a villous disk. Pj . S. Native of Java, on tlie mountains about Parang, where it is called Ki/iarpan. J'erij-tall Canarium. Fl. Jan. Tree 70 feet. 10 C. LiTTORA le (Blum, bijdr. 1 1 G4.) leaflets elliptic-oblong, acuminated, denticulated, tomentose on the veins beneath ; sti- pulas none ; panicle terminal, effuse ; flowers densely glomerate, bracteate ; stamens seated on the margin of a villous disk. >; . S. Native of the Islands of Nusa and Kambanga oil the sea shore. Shore Canarium. Fl. Nov. Tree 50 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Bosnellia, p. 81. IX. HEDWI'GIA (in honour of John Hedwig, the celebrated muscologist; died 1799.) Swartz, fl. fnd. occ. 2. p. 670. t. IS. Kuntli. gen.tereb. p. 21. D. C. prod. 2. p. 80. but not of Hedw. Tetragastris, Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 130. t. 109. Lin. syst. Octdndria, Monogynia. Flowers polygamous or hermaphrodite. Calyx 4-5-toothetl, permanent. Petals 4-5, val- vate in aestivation, connected together to the middle into a 4-5- cleft corolla. Stamens 8-10, adnate to the base of the co- rolla. Disk cup-shaped, 8-lobed. Ovary 4-celled, 8-10-furrowed. Style wanting. Stigma 4-furrowed, blunt. Berry 4-furrowed, 4- lobed at the bottom, containing 4 1-celled nuts (or from abortion only 2-3), with a thin coriaceous flesh. Seed pendulous, desti- tute of albumen. Cotyledons thick, fleshy, ])lano-convex. Ra- dicle retracted, superior. — Balsamifcrous West Indian trees, with impari-pinnate leaves, and stalked, coriaceous, quite entire leaflets. Flowers in panicled racemes. 1 H. balsami'fera (Swartz. 1. c.) flowers 4-cleft, octandrous, with no glands between the stamens. Pj . S. Native of St. Domingo, in woods, on the mountains. Tetragastris O'ssea, Gasrt. fruct. I. c. Bursera balsamilera, Pers. ench. 1. p. 413. Bois cochon, Nich. hist. 169. Flowers small, whitish. This tree is called in its native country Dots de Coclion or Jl'ild-boar's- tree, because those animals are, when wounded, reported to strip off its bark and heal their wounds with the gum which exudes from it. This exudation is, according to Sloane, of a balsamic nature, very like balsam of Capaiva, both in scent and virtues. It is given in complaints of the chest or lungs, and is copiously procured by wounding the trunk of the tree. lialsam-beariiig Hedwigia. Tree GO feet. 2 M. M£xica"na(I). C. prod. 2. p. 80.) flowers 5-cIeft, de- candrous, with roundish glands between the stamens. I;. S. Native of Mexico. Knorrea Mexiiana, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers white. Fruit 4-seedcd. 86 BURSERIACE^. X. Sorindeia. XI. Garuga. XII. Elaphrium. Mexican Hedwigia. Tree 56 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Boswellia, p. 81. X. SORINDEIA (meaning unknown). Pet. Th. gen. mad. p. 24. D. C. prod. 2. p. 80. Lin. syst. Pobjgam'ia, Dicecia. Flowers polygamo-dloecious. Calyx urceolate, 5-toothed. Petals 5, lanceolate, broadest at the base, valvate in the bud. Male flowers with about 20 stamens inserted in the bottom of the calyx (sometimes from 16 to 28). Hermaphrodite flowers with 5 fertile stamens ? filaments short. Ovary conical. Stigmas 3, sessile. Drupe containing a thready, compressed, oblong nut. Embryo naked, thick. — African or East Indian shrubs, with impari-pinnate leaves, and alternate en- tire leaflets. Panicles branched, axillary or terminal. Flowers purple. 1 S. Madagascarie'nsis (D. C. prod. 2. p. 80.) Pj . S. Na- tive of Madagascar, where it is called Manguier a grappes, from the fruit being similar to that of the Mango. A weak shrub, with alternate leaves, standing on woody petioles. Flowers small, in axillary racemes. Madagascar Sorindeia. Clt. 1828. Shrub 12 feet. Z S. Africa'na (D. C. prod. 2. p. 80.) Native of the western coast of Africa, along the banks of the river Congo. See R. Br. cong. p. 12. African Sorindeia. Tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see BosmelUa, p. 81. XI. GARU GA (called Garuga or Garoogoo by the Telin- eas). Roxb. hort. beng. p. SH. cor. 3. t. 208. D. C. prod. 2. p. 80. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogynia. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx small, campanulate, 5-cleft. Petals 5, inserted in the calyx, connivent. Stamens 10, inserted witii the petals. Glands 5, inserted between the pairs of stamens. Ovary ovate. Style 1, filiform. Stigma 5-lobed. Drupe globose, fleshy, containing 2 or more 1-seeded nuts. — Trees, with impari-pinnate leaves; leaflets almost sessile, crenate. Flowers yellowish, in axillary panicles. 1 G. pinna'ta (Roxb. cor. 3. t. 203.) leaves somewhat vil- lous; leaflets oblong, lanceolate, bluntly crenate. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies, in mountainous districts. — Rheed. mal. 4. p. 69. t. 33. Rheed's and Roxburgh's plants may be distinct species. A deciduous tree, the wood of which being soft and spongy is very little used. The fruit is eaten raw by the natives, but is chiefly used for pickling ; it has a rough austere taste, which renders it unpalatable as taken from the tree, though very fit for pickling. Pi'iinoie-leaved Garuga. Clt. 1808. Tree 60 feet. 2 G. Java'nica (Blum.bijdr. 1165.) leaflets many pairs, ob- long-lanceolate, acuminated, oblique at the base, serrated, tomen- tose beneath ; flowers panicled ; fruit densely villous. Ij . S. Native of Java, in mountain woods, Java Garuga. Fl. May. Tree 60 feet. 3 G. Madagascarie'nsis (D. C. prod. 2. p. 81.) leaves smooth ; leaflets acutely serrated. Tj . S. Native of Mada- gascar. This may be Roxburgh's G. pinnata ? Madagascar Garuga. Tree SO feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Boswellia, p. 81. XII. ELA'PHRIUM (from tXoi^pof , elaphros, contemptible; trees without beauty, and with wood of no value). Jacq. amer. 105. D. C. prod. 1. p. 723. H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 27. Lin. syst. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, perma- nent. Petals 4, inserted in the disk, spreading, broadest at the base. Stamens 8, inserted in the disk. Anthers 2-celled. Ovary superior, sessile, 2-celled, with 2 collateral ova in each cell attached to the central axis. Disk orbicular in the bottom of the calyx. Style short, crowned by a bifid stigma. Drupe pea-formed, 2-3-valved, soluble. Seeds suborbicular, with a double integument, without albumen. Cotyledons suborbicular, corrugated or plaited, with a superior radicle. — Unarmed bal- samiferous trees or shrubs, having white smooth wood. Leaves crowded at the tops of the branches, impari-pinnate, and exsti- pulate, with dotless opposite leaflets, having the rachis usually winged. Racemes axillary, simple. Flowers insignificant, of a whitish-green colour or yellowish. Pedicels bracteate. Bark of the fruit containing balsam. 1 E. TOMENTosuM (Jacq. amer. 105. t. 71. f. 1-2.) leaves tomentose ; leaflets 9, ovate, toothed ; racemes few-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Tj . S. Native of Curacoa and the islands adjacent, in rocky gravelly places. Lam. ill. t. 304. f. 1, Fagara octandra, Lin. mant. 40. Amyris tomentosa, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 219. A balsamic, glutinous, odorous resin flows from this tree, which much resembles that which flows from Bursera. Tomentose Elaphrium. Tree 20 feet. 2 E. gla'brum (Jacq. amer. 106. t. 71. f. 4.) leaves quite glabrous ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, bluntly toothed ; racemes few-flowered, twice the length of the leaves. fj . S. Native of Carthagena, in bushy places by the sea side. Lam. ill. 304. f. 2. Fagara Elaphrium, Willd. spec. 1. p. 668. Amy'ris Ela- phrium, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 219. Smooth Elaphrium. Clt. 1818. Tree 20 feet. 3 E. penicella'tum (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 724.) leaves subglabrous ; leaflets oval-oblong, acu- minated, coarsely toothed ; petioles pilose at the base, and with fascicles of hairs at tlie origin of the pairs of leaflets ; racemes few-flowered, much shorter than the leaves. V^ . S. Native of Mexico. Amyris peniccllata, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 219. Penc/7/ef/-haired Elaphrium. Tree 20 feet. 4 E. FAGARoiDEs (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 27. t. 611.) branches angularly furrowed, flexuous, and are as well as the leaves smooth ; leaflets 7, obtuse, serrate-crenate, ter- minal one elliptical-rhomboid, lateral ones unequal-sided ; rachis wingless. Tj . S. Native of Mexico. Fruit 4-valved. Amy- ris fagarokles, Spreng. syst. append. 148. Fagara-like Elaphrium. Tree 12 feet. 5 E. GLABRiFOLiuM (H. B. et Kuuth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 28.) branches twisted and flexuous, terete, tomentose; leaflets 7-9, obtuse, coarsely crenated, smooth, shining above, terminal one elliptic-oblong, lateral ones unequal-sided ; rachis winged ; wing subdentate. T^ . S. Native of Mexico, between Paz- cuaro and the burning mount JoruUo, near Ario. E. glabrum, Jacq. amer. 106. ? Smooth-leaved YA&^tWmm. Tree 12 to 20 feet. 6 E. Jorulle'nse (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 7. p. 28. t. 612.) branches round, smooth ; leaflets 15-17, oblong, obtuse, doubly crenated, wrinkled, and tomentose on both surfaces, hoary above, and rufescent beneath ; rachis winged ; wings doubly cre- nated. Tj . S. Native of Mexico, at the bottom of Mount Jorullo. Jorullo Elaphrium. Tree 20 feet. 7 E. Jaquinia'num (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.) branches terete, covered with rusty tomentum above ; leaflets 7-9, coarsely crenated, wrinkled above, hairy and shining, but covered with rufescent tomentum beneath, younger ones rusty, terminal one rhomboid-ovate, lateral ones unequal-sided ; rachis winged ; wings entire. Tj . S. Native of South America, in the province of Venezuela, near La Victoria. E. toment^sum, Jacq. amer. 105. t. 71. ? Fagara octandra, Lin. ? A glutinousjuice flows from this tree when cut or broken, which thickens to a resinous gum BURSERIACE.E. XII. Elapiirium. XIII. Fagauastrum. AMYRIDE.C I. Amyris. 87 on exposure to the air, vvhicli is generally nsed to erase cicatrices occasioned by ulcers or wounds. The wood and bark have a strong grateful scent. Jacquin's Elapiirium. Tree 40 feet. 8 E. excl'lsum (H. B. et Kuntli, nov. gen. anier. 7. p. 30. t. Gil.) branches terete, tonientose above ; leaflets !>'9, obtuse, coarsely crenated, rugose, soft, pubescent above and rusty be- neath, terminal one ovate-elliptic, lateral ones subelliptic, nearly equal at tlie base ; racliis winged ; wings crenate. Tj . S. Na- tive of Mexico, between Acapulco and La Vcnta del Exido. E. copalliferuni, Moc. et Sesse, ti. mex. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 7^4. Amyris copallifera, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 219. A fragrant resin flows spontaneously from this tree, which is called gum- copal in Mexico. Tall Elaphrium or Mexican Copal. Tree 50 feet. !1 E. AuiENSE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 31.) branches angularly furrowed, villous ; leaflets 5-7 pairs, oblong, somewhat acuminated, crenate-serrated, hairy above, and co- vered with canescent hairs beneath ; rachis somewhat winged I; . .S. Native of Mexico, between Pazcuaro and Mount Jo- ruUo, near Ario. /irio Elaphrium. Tree 30 feet. 10 E. gkave'olens (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 31.) leaflets 7, oblong, acuminated, coarsely serrate-crenate, smooth ; rachis winged at the top ; wings entire. Ij . S. Na- tive of South America, on the banks of the river Magdalena, where it is called Cujia o Carani. Amyris graveolens, Spreng. syst. append. 148. Strong-scented Elaphrium. Tree 40 feet. HE. LANUGiNosLM (H. B. el Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 31.) branches terete, rather flexuous, finely tomcntose ; branch- lets woolly ; leaflets 9-13, oblong, crenated, younger ones vil- lously-tomentose above, and white and woolly beneath, ^i . S. Native of New Spain. Woolly Elaphrium. Tree 40 feet. Cull. For culture and propagation see BoswiU'iu, p. 81. XIII. FAGARA'STKUM (from Fagara and aHrum, an affixed signification, like ; resembling Fagara). Lix. SYST. Hexa-Oetandria, Monogi/nia. Flowers herma- phrodite. Calyx 3-4-parted, short. Petals 3-4. Stamens 0-8, alternate ones shortest ; filaments thickened above the base. Anthers large. Ovary simple, tapering to the base into a stipe, which bears the petals and stamens at its base, tubercled, 3-4- lobed at the apex, 3-4-celled ; cells 2-ovulate. Ovula sus- pended from the inner angle. Style prismatic, 3-4-angled, thick, smooth, 3-4-lobed at the apex. Fruit? Shrubs, with alternate, pinnate leaves, and alternate, oblique leaflets, full of pellucid dots. Flowers disposed in axillary panicles and ra- cemes, with the peduncles and pedicels bracteate at the base. 1 F. in.eqia'le ; petioles puberulous ; leaflets stalked, ovate, irregularly crenated, glabrous ; racemes few-flowered, much shorter than the leaves ; flow-ers octandrous. Pj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Elaphrium inaequMe, D. C. prod. 1. p. 724. — Burch. cat. 3082 and 3051. Amyris ina-qualis, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 218. LHe^MoZ-leafletted Fagarastrum. Shrub. 2 F. Cape'nse ; leaflets ovate, obtuse, erect, nearly sessile, crenated ; branches prickly, flexuous ; flowers octandrous. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Fagara Caj)ensis, Thunb. fl. cap. 1. p. 51 G. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. G. p. 0. Eliphrium Capense, D. C. prod. 1. p. 724. Amyris Ca|)ensis, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 218. CV/yjc Fagarastrum. Shrub. 3 F. Thvnbe'rgii ; prickly ; leaflets sessile, ovate, finely crenated ; petioles prickly, with a narrow margin ; flowers oc- 1 tandrous ? T; . G. Native of the Capo of Good Hope. Fagara armata, Thunb. fl. cap. 1. p. 141. Zanthoxylum Thunbergii, D. C. prod. 1. p. 72G. T/iiiiiberg's Fagarastrum. Shrub. 4 F. anisa~ta ; leaflets 13, stalked, ovate-lanceolate, obso- letely toothed, unequal ; panicles corymbose, axillary ; flowers octandrous? Ij . G. Native of? Amyris anisi\ta, Willd. spec. 2. p. 337. Anisc-sccnteH Fagarastrum. Shrub. Cull. For culture and propagation see liosjvellia, p. 81. Order LXXVI. AMYRI'DEyE (plants agreeing with Amyris in important characters). R. Br. congo. 431. Kunth. in ami. scienc. nat. 2. p. 353. Lindl. introd. nat. p. 364. — Terebin- thaceae. Tribe V. Amyrideae, D. C. prod. 2. p. 81. — Terebintha- ceae, part. Juss. gen. 368. Calyx small, regular, permanent, in 4-5 divisions. Petals 4- (f. 19. a.) 6, hypogynous, imbricate in aestivation. Stamens double the number of the petals, also hypogynous. Ovary superior, 1- celled, seated on a thickened disk, containing 2 pendulous ovula. Stigma sessile, capitate. Fruit indehiscent, somewhat drupa- ceous (f. 19. 6.), 1 -seeded, glandular. Seeds without albumen (f. 19. c). Cotyledons fleshy. Radicle superior, very short. — Trees or shrubs, abounding in resinous juice, with opposite compound leaves, full of pellucid dots, and axillary and terminal panicles of flowers. Pericarp covered with granidar glands, filled with aromatic oil. The general structure of this order is that of Tcrebinlliacece, but the qualities more nearly resemble those of Burseriacece. In consequence of the leaves being full of dots filled with resinous oil, as well as in the hypogynous in- sertion of the petals and stamens, it comes nearer to Auranliacece. The order contains fragrant shrubs. Gum elemi of die Island of Nevis is related to Amyris, which Dr. Hamilton calls Amyris hex- dndra, prod. fl. ined. 35. The gum resin called Bdellium is pro- bably produced by a species oi Amyris, the Niouttout of Adan- son, according to Verey, hist. nat. des. med. 291. is probably also a species of Amy'ris. The layer of the liber or inner bark of a species of Amyris was found by INI. Gailliaud to be used by the Nubian Mahommedans as paper, on which they write their legends. Delile. cart. 13. Amyrisamhroslaca? is said to be poisonous. The resin of Coumia is the produce of Amyris ambrosiaca. Synopsis of the Genera. 1 Amy'ris. Calyx 4-toothed. Petals 4 (f. 19. a.). Sta- mens 8. 2 Pachy'lobus. Fruit egg-shaped, superior, 1 -celled, con- taining a large embryo, with 3-parted, fleshy, angular, twisted cotyledons. I. AMVRIS (from a intensive, and fivpot; viyron, balm ; the whole of the trees in this genus smell strong of balm or myrrh). Lin. gen. no. 473. exclusive of some species, Kunth. gen. tereb. p. 22. D. C. prod. 2. p. 81. Lin. syst. Octandria, Monogynia. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 4-5-toothed, permanent. "Pet.ils 4 (f. 19. o.) -6, hypo- gynous, cuncate, unguiculate, imbricate in the bud. Stamens S- 12, shorter than the petals. Ovary 3-4-celled; cells 2-seeded, girded by a ring, seated on the thick disk-like torus. Style short, AMYRIDE^. I. Amyris. crowned by an obtuse stigma. Drupe (f. 19. 6.) containing a 1- seeded chartaceous nut (f. 19. c), some of the cells full of diapha- nous mucilage. — Trees or shrubs, abounding in a resinous fluid. Leaves compound ; leaflets full of pelkicid dots. Flowers white, disposed in panicles. Drupe turgid, with an aromatic oil. § 1. Americana:. Leaves with 1-3 2^airs of opposite leajlets, odd one stalked or sessile. 1 A. mari'tima (Jacq. amer. 107.) leaflets 3, sessile, odd one stalked, ovate, crenate, obtuse. I? . S. Native of Jamaica and of Cuba, about the Havanna, on rocks by the sea-side. The shrub abounds in a juice which smells like rue. Sea-side Amyris. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810. Shrub 8 feet. 2 A. Florida'na (Nutt. in Sillim. journ. 5. 1822. p. 294.) leaflets 3, ovate, quite entire, obtuse, smooth ; flowers somewhat panicled ; berries almost globose, tapering to the base. Pj . G. Native of Eastern Florida. Leaves reticulately-veined, glan- dular, resinous, and fragrant. Berries black, the size of black pepper. Florida Amyris. Shrub 10 feet. 3 A. sylva'tica (Jacq. amer. 107.) leaflets 3, ovate, acumi- nated, somewhat crenate, all stalked, odd one longest. ^ . S. Native of Carthagena, St. Domingo, and St. Thomas, in shady woods by the sea-side. A. cymosa, Reich, in Sieb. pi. exsic. fl. trinid. no. 29. is probably distinct from this. The whole shrub abounds in a turpentine juice, of a strong disagreeable smell. Gum elemi has erroneously been supposed to be yielded by this plant. Berry red, about the size of a pea. /roorf Amyris. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1793. Tree 15 feet. 4 A. Brasilie'nsis (Spreng. syst, 2. p. 217.) leaflets lanceo- late, tiipering to the base, rounded at the apex, mucronate, quite entire, veiny, shining above, discoloured beneath ; petioles tri- quetrous ; panicles axillary, shorter than the leaves. fj . S. Native of Brazil. Brazilian Amyris. Clt. 1818. Tree. 5 A. DYATRiPA (Spreng. neue, cntd. 3. p. 48.) leaflets 3, ovate, qnite entire, obtuse, somewhat emarginate, all stalked, odd one longest. ^ . S. Native of St. Domingo. The specific name appears to be derived from dyas, two, and triples, having three feet ; perliaps in allusion to the stalked leaflets. Dyatripa Amyris. Shrub I 0 feet. 6 A. Plumie'ri (D. C. prod. 2. p. 81.) leaflets 3-5, all stalked, somewhat serrated, ovate, acumi- nated, villous beneath, l^ . S. Na- tive of the Antilles. — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 100. A. elemifera, Lin. spec. p. 495. ? but Catesby's figure is cited by the author, and there- fore the country ; this is referred to Pti'lea. The fruit is the shape and size of an olive, but red, liaving an odoriferous pulp within it. Gum elemi is said to be extracted from this tree ; it is brought to this country in roundish cakes, wrap- ped up in leaves. This resin is only used as an ingredient in a digestive ointment, called Unguen- tum elemi. Plumier's Amyris or Gum-elemi-tree. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 ft. 7 A.? hexa'ndra (Hamilt. prod. fl. ind. occ. p. 34.) branched: leaves impari-pinnate, with 3 pairs of quite entire, ovate, bluntly and obliquely acuminated leaflets, which are somewhat dccurrent down the petiole, smooth above, and reticulately veined be- neath ; flowers panicled, small, greenish, always hexandrous ; FIG. 19. panicles axillary and terminal ; calyx cup-shaped, entire ; petals 3, greenish, entire ; ovary oblong, smooth, inferior ; style sliort, with an obtuse stigma ; drupe membranous, elliptic, acuminated at both ends, 1-valved. Tj . S. Native of the island of Nevis, in cold subhumid groves. — A tall tree, full of resinous fragrant juice, differing from A. elemifera in the leaves being smooth on both surfaces, not tomentose beneath. The tree is called Gum Elemi-tree, Gum Elem-tree in its native country. Hej^artdrous Amyris. Fl. June, Sept. Tree 40 feet. 8 A. Toxi'fera (Willd. spec. 2. p. 336.) leaflets 5-7, stalked, ovate, somewhat cordate, acuminated ; racemes simple, about the length of the petioles. Tj . G. Native of Carolina (Cat. car. 1. t. 40.), as well as the West India islands. Lucinium, Pluk. t. 201. f. 3. A. balsamifera, Lin. spec. 496. exclusive of the synonyme of Sloane. Elemifera foliis pinnatis, Lin. hort. cliff". 486. The fruit hangs in bunches, of the shape of a pear, of a purple colour. A juice distils from the trunk of the tree, as black as ink, which the inhabitants of Carolina say is poison- ous. The Janca-tree is said to be a very valuable timber tree, the wood bears a fine polish, and has a pleasant smell. The berries have much the taste of balsam of Capaiva. An infusion of the leaves has a very pleasant flavour, is highly cephalic, and is particularly restorative to weak eyes. /"oi.vora-jioofior White Candle-wood Amyris. Clt. 1820. Tr. 50 ft. 9 A. pinna'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 37. t. 610.) leaflets 5-7, ovate, somewhat crenate, terminal one roundish-elliptical ; panicles axillary, much branched. Ij . S. Native of South America, between the tropics. Branchlets and petioles puberulous. Leaves membranous, smooth. Fruit un- known. Pinnate-\ea\e& Amyris. Tree 20 feet. § 2. Asiilicce. Leaflets alternate, all stalked. 10 A. heptaphy'lla (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 28.) leaflets 3-4 pairs, simple, obliquely-lanceolate, acuminated, entire ; panicles branched, axillary, and terminal. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies, on the mountains bordering Silhet, where it is called Karmn-phul. Flowers whitish-yellow. Berry oblong, 1 -celled. Seed filling the berry. Disk fleshy, contracted in the middle, the lower swelling receiving the petals and stamens. Seven-leaved Amyris. Clt. 1823. Tree. 11 A. na'na (Roxb. 1. c.) leaflets 7, ovate-lanceolate, serrated ; racemes simple, axillary, nearly the length of the leaves. ^ . S. Native of Amboyna. Z»7t>«)/ Amyris. Clt. 1822. Shrub 6 feet. 12 A. puncta'ta (Roxb. hort. beng. ex Colebr. in Lin. trans. 15. t. 5. f. 3.) branches spreading ; bark smooth, rusty ; leaflets about 20 pairs, obliquely-oblong, crenulate, full of glandular dots, terminal one largest ; petioles rather hairy ; panicles ter- minal. T2 . S. Native of Chittagong. Flowers small, white. Disk fleshy, bearing the petals and stamens. Ovary 4-celled, tetragonal. Berry 1 -celled, 1 -seeded. L)olted-]ea\ed Amyris. Shrub. t Species not sufficiently known. 13 A.? Tecoma'ca (D. C. prod. 2. p. 82.) leaves on long petioles, hanging down, trifoliate ; leaflets oblong, acute, ser- rated ; peduncles numerous, terminal, loosely panicled, de- pendent. I; . S. Native of Mexico, where it is called Teco- maca and Tacamahaca, but it is distinct from the Tacamahaca of Hern. A. maritima, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Tcfojnaca Amyris. Clt. 1827. Tree 30 feet. 14 A.? Piiilipp^'a (Lunan, hort. jam. 1. p. 149.) petioles margined ; leaflets 3, obovate, shining, obliquely veined, ij . S. Native of Jamaica. Philippean Amyris. Tree. 15 A. denta'ta (Willd. spec? Blum, bijdr. 1160.) leaflets AMYUIDI^.E. I. Amyris. II. Pachvloi!1!s. CONNARACE/E. I. Connarus. 89 scilkcil, 5-9, oblong-lancoolatf, bluntly aciiniinated, repanclly- cremilated at the top ; raceme^> axillary, simple. I; . S. Native of Java, where it is called Katus. 'J'ool/ud-\ea\eA Amyris. Fl. Auff. Tree. IC A.? KoBiNsoNU (D. C. prod. 2. p. 82.) leaves trifoliate ; petioles margined ; racemes lateral. Ij • S. Native of Jamaica. Lunan. hort. jam. 1. p. 109. Robinsim's Amyris. Shrub 8 feet. 17 A. bipinna'ta (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. a. p. 82.) leaves bipinnate at the base ; leaflets numerous, small, ovate, ((uite entire ; jieduncles terminal, rather hairy, longer than the leaves. I; . .S. Native of Mexico. Bipinmite-haved Amyris. Shrub. 18 A. PAPYRiFEUA (Gailliaud, voy. a Meroe. cent, ex Bull, scien. Aug. 1827. p. 285.) tnuik arboreous, coated, with ver- tical, somewhat diaphanous lamina ; flowers racemosely-panni- clcd, decandrous. 1; . G. Native of Africa, at the White Hiver. Tlie Nubian Mahomedans use the bark of this tree for writing their legends upon. Paper-bearing Amyris. Tree. Cult. The species of Amijris grow freely in a mixture of loam and peat, and cuttings root freely in sand, under a hand- glass, tliose of the stove species in heat. II. PACHY'LOBUS (from ttoxwc, ]mcfiys, thick, and \oi3og, lobos, a lobe ; the lobes of the cotyledons are thick). Lin. syst. unknown. Fruit oval, black, superior, about the size of a lien's egg, 1 -celled, containing a large embryo, having 2 3-parted cotyledons, the lobes large, thick, angular, and twisted. — A large tree with impari-pinnate, smooth leaves, with the leaflets nearly opposite, ovate, acuminated, entire, the young branches rather tomentose. 1 P. edu'lis. fj . S. Native of the island of St. Thomas, in the Gulf of Guinea, where the fruit is much esteemed by the inhabitants, and sold in great quantities in the market of St. Ann de Chaves, under the name of Safu : in taste it is bitter and astringent. It is usually roasted. There is another species, which goes under the name of Pasco, which apjiears only to differ in having hairy leaves, and in the shape of the fruit. The whole description of this tree is given from memory, as we have had no specimen to examine. Edible Safu. Fl. Nov. Tree 40 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see stove species of Amyris. Order LXXVU. C0NNARA'CE.E (plants agreeing with Connarus in important characters). Kunth, in ann. scienc. nat. 2. p. 359. Lindl. introd. nat. ord. 125. TerebinthacejE, part. Juss. gen. 369. Terebinthaceae, Tribe VII. Connaraceae, D. C. prod. 2. p. 84. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual. Calyx 5-parted, regular, permanent, either imbricate or valvular in cestivation. Petals 5 (f. 20. b.), inserted in the calyx, imbricate, rarely val- vate in aestivation. Stamens twice the number of the petals (f. 20. c), hypogynous, those opposite the petals shorter than the others, usually monadelphous at the base (f. 20. (/.). Ovary solitary or simple, or several together, each with a separate style, with an usually dilated stigma. Ovula 2, collateral, ascending. Capsules usually several, rarely single (f. 20. A.), dehiscent, splitting lengthwise internally. Seeds erect, in pairs, or solitary, with or without albumen, but usually furnished with aril. Radicle superior at the extremity most remote from the hilum. Cotyledons thick in the species without albumen, and leafy in those with al- bumen.— Trees or shrubs, with compound, dotted, alternate, ex- stipulate leaves, and terminal racemes or panicles of bracteate flowers. Connarus can only be distinguished from Lciruminosa; by the relation the parts of the embryo have to the umbilicus of the seed (R, Brown, congo. 432.) that is to say by the radicle being at the extremity most remote from the hilum. The want of stipulas is, however, usually sufficient to distinguish them. It diflers from I'crebinthacece in the want of resinous juice. Synopsis of (he Genera. 1 Conn.Vrus. Calyx 5-parted. Petals imbricate in a?sti- vation. Stamens somewhat monadelphous at the base. Carpels 5, each bearing a style, biovulate, some of them are usually abortive. Capsules sessile, 2-valved, 1 -seeded; seeds exalbu- minous. Leaves trifoliate or impari-pinnate. 2 OMriiALOBiUM. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5 (f. 20. b.), im- bricate in Kstivation. Stamens monadelphous (f. 20. d.), or somewhat polyadelphous at the base. Carpels 5, each bearing a style. Capsules 1-5, legume-formed (f. 20. Ic), 2-valved, dehis- cent. Seeds twin or solitary, exalbuminous. Leaves trifoliate or impari-pinnate. 3 Euby'coma. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-parted. Pe- tals 5, covered with glandular hairs. Stamens 5. Glands 10, twin, between the stamens. Carpels 5, joined at the base, 1- seeded. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves pinnate. 4 Cne'stis. Calyx 5-cleft, tomentose, valvate in aestivation. Stamens free, inserted in the calyx. Carpels 5, distinct, each bearing a style, coriaceous, 2-valved, legume-formed, opening on the back, usually prurient, 2-ovulate. Seed solitary in the capsule. Albumen fleshy. Leaves impari-pinnate. •j- A genus allied to Connaracece, but is not mffieiently known. 5 Tai'i'ria. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 10, both rising from the hypogynous disk. Stigmas 5, sessile. Capsule 5 -furrowed, 5-valved, 5-seeded. Seeds arillate. Leaves iinpari- pinnate. I. CONNA'RUS {Kovvapoc, connaros, is the name of a tree described at length by Athenaous). Lin. gen. no. 914. D. C. prod. 2. p. 84. — Rourea, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 4G7. t. 187. Ro- bergia, Schreb.gen.no. 787. Malbrancia, Neck. elem. no. 1171. Lin. svst. Decandria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted, per- manent, girding the fruit closely at the base ; lobes ovate, im- bricate in asstivation. Petals 5, also imbricate in estivation. Stamens 10, somewhat monadeljjhous at the base, inserted in the base of the calyx. Ovaries 5, each bearing a style and contain- ing 2 ova, 4 of which are almost always abortive, or reduced to the styles. Capsule baccate, sessile, 2-valved, bursting at the side, ovate, 1 -seeded. Seed erect, inserted in the Itottom of the cell, arillate at the base, destitute of albumen. Cotyledons thick. — Shrubs, with impari-pinnate leaves with 1 or many pairs of leaflets. Flowers disposed in racemose panicles, white. 1 C. mokoca'rpus (Lin. spec. 1. p. 678.) leaves trifoliate; leaflets ovate, acuminated, quite smooth ; panicles terminal. Ij . S. Native of Ceylon. Lin. fl. zeyl. no. 248. exclusive of the synonym of Burm. Flowers yellowish. One-fruited Connarus. CIt. 1768. Shrub 10 feet. 2 C. pube'scens (D. C. prod. 2. p. 85.) climbing ; leaflets 5, oval, acute, smooth above, covered beneath with rather white pubescence. ^ . ^. S. Native of French Guiana, Rourea N 90 CONNARACE^. I. Connarus. II. Ompiialobium. fnitescens, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 4G7. t. 187. Robergia frut6scens, Willd. spec. 2. p. 752. Flowers white, sweet-scented, disposed in axillary and terminal panicles. Fruit very like that of C. mo- nocarpus. Pubescent ConnanK. Clt. 1822. Shrub 5 feet. 3 C. Java's icis (Blum, bijdr. 11C6.) leaves ternate and pm- nate, ovate, or elliptical-oblong, obtusely acuminated, vemy, smooth ; racemes crowded, axillary ; flowers pentagynous ; stem sarmentose. Ij . S. Native of Java. Java Connarus. Fl. May. Shrub 8 feet. -j- Species not sufficiently known. 4 C. ? cla'ber (D. C. prod. 2. p. 85.) leaflets 3-5, oblong, somewhat cordate, acuminated, quite smooth ; panicles axillary, twin, simple, much shorter than the leaves. ^ . S. Native of South America, on the banks of the river Orinoco, near Caycara. Rourea glabra, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 41. Flowers white. Fruit unknown. Smooth Connarus. Shrub C feet. 5 C. ? SANTALoiDES (Vahl. svmb. 3. p. 87.) leaves with 2-4 pairs of ovate, acuminated, smooth leaflets, with an odd one ; peduncles axillary, aggregate ; flowers disposed in racemes, mo- nogynous. 1; . "S. Native of the East Indies. Santaloides, Lin. fl. zeyl. no. 408. Segments of calyx rounded (ex Lin.) acute (ex Vahl.). Flowers white. Fruit not sufficiently known. It is probably a species of Omphaluhium. Santalum-Uhe Connarus. Shrub C feet. 6 C. MiMosoiDEs (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 87.) leaflets about 10 j)airs, w ith an odd one, oval-oblong, emarginate ; petioles and branchlets pubescent ; racemes axillary ; flowers monogynous. l^ . S. Native of the islands of Nicobar. This is also pro- bably a species of Omphalobium. Ulimosa-like Connarus. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam and peat will answer the species of this genus, and ripened cuttings will root in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat. II. OMPHALO'BIUM (from o/j^a\o£, omphalos, a navel, and Xo/3oc, lobos, a pod). Gaert. fruct. 1. p. 217. t. 46. D. C. diss. prod. 2. p. 85. — Connarus, species of authors. LiN. SYST. Monadelphia, Dccandria. Calyx 5-parted, per- manent, girding the fruit loosely at the base ; lobes oblong, acute, imbricate in aestivation. Petals 5 (f. 20. b.). Stamens 10 (f. 20. c), monadelphous at the base (f. 20. rf.), or somewhat polyadel- phous. Carpels 5, each bearing a style, and containing 2 ova, some of them usually abortive. Capsules 1 (f. 20. k.) -5, legume- formed, 2-valve(l, dehiscent (f. 20. k.), narrowed or stipitate at the base. Seeds twin, but usually solitary, not inserted at the base, but in the lower part along the s\iture, arillate, without albumen. Cotyledons thick. — Trees and shr\ibs with impari- pinnate leaves, having 1 or many pairs of leaflets. Racemes axillary, usually disposed in a terminal panicle. ^ 1. Connaroidca (from their similarity to Cnyittarus, in having a solitary cai-pel). JJ. C. prod. 2. p. 85. Carpels so- litary (f. 20. k.). 1 O. I'ndicum (Gaert. fruct. I. p. 217. t. 4G.) leaflets 3, ovate, somewhat acute, quite smooth on both surfaces, coria- ceous ; flowers panicled ; carpels solitary, stipitate. Ij . S. Native of Ceylon. Rhus, &c. Burm. zeyl. 199. t. 89.? and therefore Connarus Asiaticus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 091. Rhus Rfedffilijavel, Mill. diet. no. 13.? Flowers panicled, and the stamens are, according to Gartner, somewhat jjolyadelphous. Capsules nearly an inch and a half loi'g, and evidently stalked. Radicle at the vertex of the seed. 1 FIG Indian Omphalobium. Clt. ? Shrub C feet. 2 O. AfkicVkum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 85.) leaflets 3, oval, acuminated, smooth on both surfaces, somewhat membranous and feather-nerved ; flowers panicled ; carpels solitary, stipitate. \l . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Connarus Africanus, Lam. diet. 2. p. 95. Cav. diss. 7. p. 375. t. 221. Connarus venosus, Smeathm. mss. Flowers white. Capsule about an inch and a half long, and evidently stipitate. Ra- dicle under the top of the seed, usually germinating in a simple or branched root in the fruit (f 20. ;.). African Omphalobium. Fl. Mai . Clt. 1822. Shrub 8 feet. 3 O. nervosum; leaflets 3, obo- vate, acuminated, 3-nerved at the base, pubescent beneath, smooth above, on long pubescent petioles ; flowers terminal, panicled. Tj . S. Native of Sierra Leone. A''enW -leaved Omphalobium. Shrub 10 feet. 4 O. Gaudicha'udi (D. C. prod. 2. p. 85.) leaflets 3, ovate, acuminated, quite smooth on both surfaces ; fruit racemose ; carpels solitary, stipitate, somewhat obovate, obtuse, smooth. Tj . S. Native of the Moluccas, in marshes by the sea-side at Rawak. Capsule 12-14 lines long, 7-8 broad. Radicle at the top of the seed. Gaudichaud's Omphalobium. Shrub 6 feet. 5 O. Lambe'rtii (D. C. prod. 2. p. 85.) leaflets 3, elliptical- oblong, acuminated, smooth on both surfaces, somewhat mem- branous ; flowers panicled ; carpels solitary, stipitate, incurved, a little striated, smooth. Tj . S. Native of Guiana, in the in- terior or sandy savannahs. Connarus Guianensis, Lamb. herb. Flowers white ? Capsule 8-10 lines long, 5-8 broad. Radicle at the vertex of the seed. Lambert's Omphalobium. Shrub 6 feet. C O. fascicul.^'tum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 86.) leaves ? fruit rising in fascicles from the branches ; carpels solitary, stipitate, compressed. Tj . S. Native of French Guiana. Capsule an inch long, 5 lines broad. In the disposition of the flowers this species is very distinct. /'a,sc(f/crf-flowered Omphalobium. Shrub 6 feet. 7 O. PATRfsii (D. C. diss, with a figure,) leaflets 5-9, oval- oblong, acuminated, quite smooth on both surfaces, coriaceous ; flowers panicled ; carpels solitary, stipitate, obovate, blunt, smooth. Pj . S. Native of Cayenne. Leaves smooth, with 3-4 pairs of leaflets and an odd one. Carpels dehiscent. .Seeds arillate. Patris's Omphalobium. Shrub 6 feet. 8 O. Thonni'ngii (D. C. prod. 2. p. 86.) leaflets 3-5, ellip- tical, acute, smooth on both surfaces, somewhat membranous, feather-nerved, and almost veinless between the lateral nerves ; panicle terminal ; ovary hairy, solitary. 1; . S. Native of Guinea. Connarus florulentus, Thonn. in herb. Puer. Leaves somewhat membranous. Flowers very numerous. Petals ob- long-lmear. F'ruit unknown. Tlionning's Omphalobium. Shrub 6 feet. 9 O. pinna'tum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 86.) leaflets 3-5, oval- oblong, acute, quite smooth on both surfaces, feather-nerved, with the lateral veins confluent at the apex ; panicle terminal, elongated ; ovary solitary, downy ; petals with two bristles at the base of each. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies. Con- narus pinnatus. Lam. diet. 2. p. 95. ill. t. 572. Cav. diss. 7. p. 376. t. 222. Flowers white. CONXARACE.E. II. Ompiialobium. III. Eurycoma. IV. Cxestis. V. Tapiria. 91 merous Piiiiuitc-\ca\C(\ Omphalobiiim. Shrub 6 foft. 10 O. Smeatiima'nni (D. C. prod. 2. p. 86.) leaflets 3-5, elliptical-oblong, acuminated, smooth above, somewhat ferrui;i- neous and somewhat pubescent, feather-nerved, and finely re- tictilated ; panicles terminal ; ovary solitary, somewhat pubes- cent. H . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Leaflets 3 inches long, and about li broad. iS'meo^/imnnn'i Omphalobiuni. Shrub 12 feet. 1 1 O. Perottk'tii (D. C. prod. 2. p. 86.) leaflets elliptical- oblontr, acuminated, smooth above and shining, but covered with short woolly ferrugineous down beneath ; panicle terminal ; car- pels solitary, obovate, obtuse, somewhat stipitate, young ones clothed with deciduous rusty down, but they are smooth at length. 1j . S. Native of French Guiana. Leaflets 3-G inches long and 1-2 inches broad. Perollet's Omphalobium. Shrub 6 feet. § 2. Cnestotdea (plants agreeing with Cnestis in having nu- ;rous carpels). D. C. prod. 2. p. 86. Carjyds numerous. 12 O. viLLosCM (D. C. prod. 2. p. 86.) leaflets 3, oval, acute, tajicring to the base, somewhat membranous, feather-nerved, smooth above, but clothed beneath with rusty velvety villi, as well as the panicles and carpels. Tj . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Cnestis trifolia, Lam. diet. 3. p. 34. Spondioides villosa, Smeathm. herb. Lobes of calyx imbricate in ffistivation. Car- pels 1-5, tapering very much to the base. Cotyledons thick. Radicle superior. Albumen wanting. / illous Omphalobium. Shrub 6 feet. 13 O. penta'gyxum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 86.) leaflets 3, co- riaceous, orbicular, acuminated, quite smooth on both surfaces, 3-nerved ; panicles axillary and terminal ; calyxes and ovaries villous. I7 . S. Native of Madagascar. Connarus pentagynus, Lam. diet. 2. p. 95. Cav. diss. f. p. S7G. t. 223. Five-styled Omphalobium. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. See Connarus for cidture and propagation, p. 90. III. EURY'COMA (froin cvpvc, eurys, wide, and nojui;, home, liair ; in allusion to the tufts of leaves at the tops of the branches). Jack, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 307. D. C. prod. 2. p. 8G. Lix. SYST. Polygamia, Dicecla. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, covered with glandular hairs. Stamens 5, with a pair of glands between each. Ovary 5-lobed, crowned by 5 joined styles, and 5 separate stigmas. Carpels !i-5, 1- seeded. Seeds destitute of aril and albumen. — A small tree, with pinnate, fastigiate leaves. Panicle axillary. Corolla purple. 1 E. longifolia (Jacq. et Wall. 1. c). I; . S. Native of Sumatra and Singapore. Leaves 2 feet long. Flowers purple. Long-leaved Eurycoma. Tree 20 feet. Cult. See Connarus for culture and propagation, p. 90. IV. CNESTIS (from Kvtui, kneo, to scratch ; in allusion to the capsules being covered with stinging hairs on the outside). Juss. gen. p. 374. Kunth, gen. tereb. D. C. prod. 2. p. 8G. LiN. SYST. Decandria, Pentagijnia. Calyx 5-cleft, downy on the outside, valvate in the bud. Petals 5, inserted in the bottom of the calyx as well as the 10 stamens, free. Carpels 5, (1-4) distinct, 1 -styled, somewhat stipitate at the base, coria- ceous, 2-valved, pod-formed, opening on the back, usually clothed with stinging hairs both inside and outside, with 2 ova in each carpel. .Seeds solitary, rising from the base of the carpel, erect, destitute of aril. Albumen fleshy. Embryo straight. Cotyledons leafy. Radicle superior. — Usually scan- dent shrubs, with impari-pinnate leaves, and racemose panicles of flowers. 1 C. gl.\"bra (Lam. diet. 3. p. 23. ill. t. 387. f. 1.) leaflets 5-7 pairs, ovate-oblong, smooth ; small racemes in fascicles ; carpels obovate, obtuse, prurient. Ij . S. Native of the islands of the Mauritius and Bourbon. Smooth Cnestis. Shrub G feet. 2 C. I'oLYPiiv'r.LA (Lam. diet. 2. p. 23. ill. t. 387. f. 2.) leaves with 8-9 pairs of ovate-oblong leaves, which are villous beneath; racemes tomentose ; carpels very blimt, velvety, (j . S. Na- tive of Madagascar. Many-leaved Cnestis. Clt. 1823. Shrub 8 feet. 3 C. FERUUGiNEA (T>. C. prod. 2. p. 87.) leaves with 8-lU pairs of oval-oblong leaflets, which are somewhat cordate at the base and acuminated at the apex, smooth above, but downy beneath from ferrugineous hairs as well as the petioles and branchlets. fj . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Spondioides fer- ruginea, Smeathm. herb. Rusty Cnestis. Shrub 8 feet. 4 C. coRNicuLATA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 23.) leaves with 4-5 pairs of oval-oblong, acuminated, smooth leaflets, but with the midrib beset with rusty hairs ; carpels oblong, covered with stinging hairs, and drawn out at the apex into a long acumen. f; . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Spondioides priiriens, Smeathm. Petals pale-red. Horned-capsuled Cnestis. Shrub 5 feet. 5 C. RACEMOSA ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate-elliptic, entire, acuminated, smooth on both surfaces ; racemes simple, lateral ; capsules obovate, arched, very villous, fj . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Racemosc-QowereA Cnestis. Shrub 10 feet. G C. monade'epiia (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 34.) leaves with 2-3 pairs of quite smooth, shining, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated leaflets. 1; . S. Native of the East Indies, in the province of Silhet. Monadclphous Cnestis. Shrub 10 feet. 7 C. ? pinna'ta (Beauv. fl. d'ow. 1. p. 98. t. CO.) leaves im- pari-pinnate ; leaflets ovate, acute ; flowers corymbose, axillary, bibracteolate. Ij . S. Native of Guinea, in the kingdom of Waree. This is probably a species of Omphalobium. Pinnate-\ea\ed Cnestis. Shrub 8 feet. 8 C. oBLiQUA (Beauv. fl. d'ow. p. 98. t. 59.) leaflets 3, ovate, acuminated, lateral ones oblique at the base, the odd one a great distance from the lateral ones ; flowers in panicles. Ij . S. Native of Guinea, in the kingdom of Waree. 0/>/((ir«t-leafletted Cnestis. Shrub G feet. Cull. See Connarus for culture and propagation, p. 90. V. TAPTRIA (Tapiriri is the Caribbean name of the tree). Juss. gen. 372. D. C. prod. 2. p. 90. — Tapirira, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 470. t. 188. — Salaberria, Neck. elem. no. 985. — Joncque- tia, Schreb. gen. no. 785. Lin. SYST. Decandria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted, deci- duous, equal ; sepals roundish. Petals 5, exserted from the hypogynous prominent disk, as well as the 10 stamens. Styles none. Stigmas 5. Capsule 5-furrow-ed, 5-valved, 5-seeded. Seeds arillate (perhaps the capsule is composed of 5 1 -seeded carpels ?).— A tree, with impari-pinnate leaves, having 2-3 pairs of almost opposite leaflets, and axillary and terminal panicles of flowers. This genus is excluded from Connaraccce by S. Kunth, but a more apt place for its insertion in the natural system is not known to De CandoJle. '1 T. Giiane'nsis (Aubl. 1. c). f?-S- Native of Guiana, in the woods of Sinemari. Joncquetia paniculata, Willd. spec 2. p. 750. Flowers white. Guiana Tapiria. Tree 50 feet. Cult. See Connarus for culture and propagation, p. 90. Order LXXVIII. LEGUMINO-S/E(this order is composed N 2 92 LEGUMINOSiE. of plants hearing legumes or pods like the pea). Juss. gen. 345. Gsert. fruct. 2. p. 301. D. C. fl. franc, ed. 3. vol. 4. prop, mcd. ed. 2. p. 131. D. C. prod. 2. p. 93. — Papilionaceae and LomentJiceaB, Lin. ord. ed. gies. p. 415. Calyx constantly of 5 sepals (f. 31. a ), which are more or less connected at the base, forming a 5-cleft (f. 31. a.) or .'>- toothed (f. 27. a.) calyx, never 5-scpalled, in the strict sense of the word, it is, however, sometimes composed of 1 (f. 52. g.) or 2 sepals from coalition or abortion (f. 43. a.), the teeth or seg- ments of the calyx usually unequal, sometimes connected into 2 lips (f. 48. «.) ; the upper lip bidentate (f. 48. a.) ; the lower one trifid (f. 48. a.). Petals usually 5 (f. 27. c. f. 47. c), generally unequal, inserted in the bottom of the calyx, rarely in the torus, usually variously imbricated in aestivation, rarely valvate, gener- ally free, rarely joined into a gamopetalous corolla (sometimes, however, the petals are wanting, and sometimes the corolla is formed of 1, 2, 3, or 4 petals only). Stamens inserted with the petals, usually double the number of the petals, rarely triple or qii.idruplc that number or fewer, sometimes all free (f. 54. h. f. 56. c. f. 24. c), sometimes variously connected or monadelphoiis, with the staminiferous tube entire (f. 29. c), or cleft in front (f. 27. d.), or diadelphous, usually with 9 joined and 1 free (f. 44. d.), rarely joined in 2 equal bundles, containing 5 stamens each, and more rarely connected into 3 bodies. Anthers 2-celled (f. 23. /.), sometimes some of them are changed into abortive threads. Ovary oblong (f. 23. d.) or ovate, sessile (f. 25. d.) or stipitate (f. 58. d.), usually free, rarely with the stipe adnate to the calyx. Style fdiform (f. 25. e. f. 31 . d.), rising from the top of the upper suture of the ovary, crowned by a terminal (f. 44. e.) or lateral stigma. Legume usually 2-valved (f. 29. d.), membra- nous, coriaceous, rarely fleshy or drupaceous, dehiscent (f. 29. d.) or indehiscent (f. 44. g.), 1 -celled (f. 52. h.), some- times longitudinally 2-celled from the upper suture being bent in so much, or often transversely many-celled in con- sequence of the seeds being separated by spongy or mem- branous substance (f. 49. e.), often separating into 1 -celled joints (f. 41. c). Seeds usually numerous (f. 29. d.), rarely solitary (f. 3G. e.) or twin (f. 56. e.) from abortion, fixed to the upper suture of the legume (f. 56. e. f. 52. h. f. 29. d.), alter- nately inserted in both valves, usually oval (f. 29. d.) or kidney- shaped (f. 51. c), hanging by various shaped funicles, rarely ex- panded into aril. Testa or spermaderm smooth, usually very smooth and hard. Endopleura usually tumid, appearing like albu- men. Embryo sometimes straiglit (f. 21. i. I. 111.), sometimes with the radicle curved back upon the edge of the cotyledons, and ly- ing in the commisure formed by them (f. 21. e.f. b.), but in either case the radicle is directed towards the hilum (f. 21. i. m.). Cotyle- dons leafy, flat (f. 21. a. /.), changing through germination, or fleshy (f 21. c. 5.), (the flesh fari- FIG. 21. naceous or oily), in a few they are exserted from the spermaderm (f. 21. c), others are inclosed in it, as the common pea, never changing through germination (f. 20.). This order is composed of trees, shrubs, or herbs, with very variable habits. The leaves usually alternate and bistipulate, simple, but usually variously compound, gene- rally pinnate or bipinnate, petiolate. Petioles usually bi- callous at the base, sometimes the petiole is dilated into a leafy limb, when this is the case it is called a phyllodium. Flowers of various hues, axillary or terminal, disposed in racemes or pani- cles, rarely solitary. Legumlnosce is a vast and very natural order, diffused through- out the world, and is supposed by Humboldt to be a twelfth of all the phasnogamous plants or vasculares, and we think he has not underrated it. This is the family to which the various kinds of pulse belong, and is one of the most familiar to the world. Their papilionaceous or pea flowers characterize the greater number, and their legumes or pea pods the remainder, with very few exceptions. As objects of ornament many are possessed of unrivalled beauty ; for example, Robtnia, Laburnum, Wis- taria, Lujiinus, Astragalus, Erijthrina or Coral-flower, &c. Great, however, as is the beauty of the Leguminbsce which can brave the inclemencies of the seasons of northern Europe, it must give way before the splendour and elegance of those of the tropics. The flowers of Amherslia and Erythrina are of the deepest crimson, and borne in profusion upon some of the loftiest trees of the forest. But these are surpassed by the elegant fine- leaved Acacias, with their golden flowers, which cast a charm even over the most sterile deserts of Africa. While the forests of hot countries are thus indebted to species of this order for their timber, the meadows and pastures of the same latitudes are enamelled with the flowers of myriads of Indigo/eras, Hcdysa- rums, and Desmbdiums, and animated by the wonderful motion of the sensitive plants. In our own country, the gayest part of our scenery is in many places indebted to the furze and broom, so in other countries the same effect is produced by other genera of Leguminbsce ; by Liparia and Aspalathus at the Cape of Good Hope, and by the Pultenceas and Daviesias, and similar genera in New Holland. The wood of the order is very hard and durable, with a yellow tinge, sometimes changing into green, as in the Laburnum of Europe, and in the better known Brazil- wood of commerce, produced by Ccesalplnia Drasiliensis. The following remarks upon the properties of the order are made by M. de Candolle : I'he femily of Leguminous plants, though established upon characters of primary importance, offers nevertheless so large a number of species, and such singular botanical anomalies, that it is easy to foresee that its properties will exhibit little uniformity. Still more exceptions may be anticipated, if one reflects that the chemical principle which is found most abundantly in every part of leguminous plants, and to which we must attribute their principal properties, is the extrac- tive. It is probable that this principle, either from its own nature or from its peculiar power of uniting with different matters, or per- haps instead of being a simple principle, it is rather a compound of different matters ; it is probable, I say, that this extractive prin- LEGUMINOS.'E. 93 ciple cxliibits much less unifoiniity in its results than any other. It is without doubt to the presence of the extractive principle in considerable quantities that many leguminous plants owe their purgative jiroperties, which are common to several extracts, and which many chemists attribute to the acetate of potass, which they are almost universally found to contain. Thus the leaves and pods of Cassia senna, and several other species, the Coluica arbnrescens of Genista purgans, and of Coroinlla E'merus act as brisk purgatives, and often cause pain in the bowels. The juice of CoronUla varia excites vomiting. It is perhaps from a different cause that the pulp, which is contained in the husks of leguminous plants, operates upon the human body, being gently laxative without causing the least pain ; such is the character of Cathariociirpus fistula, Tamarindus 1 ndica, Ceratonia siliqiiti, and probably some species of I'nga and Parkia. There is a juice which surrounds the seeds in the tumid pods of Gledi- tschia and Suphora, which differs altogether in its very astringent nauseous flavour. It is undoubtedly to a secretion from the ex- ternal part of the seed, or of the pericarp, or some one of these modifications, that the singular property of the Piseidia and many Galegas is derived, which are employed in America to stupify fish, which are taken by this means as readily as by Nux vomica. The decoction of the root of Galega Virgi- niana is considered in America as a pow-erful vermifuge. It is perhaps to the extractive principle that the rubefacient powers of the fresh leaves of some leguminous plants are to be at- tributed, which act readily upon the skin if applied in plas- ters ; as for example, the leaves of Ornithopus scorpioides and Moringa pterogosperma. It appears that it is to the greater or less considerable mixture of tlie extractive principle with the faecula contained in the seed, that the different proper- ties of the pulse of leguminous plants may be attributed. If found in small quantities, the seed may serve as food for man and animals, as we see in French beans, scarlet runners, beans and peas, &c. If found in a more considerable quantity, it will render them purgative or emetic, as in Cijtisus Laburnum and Anogipis fce'tida, Sec, and most of those belonging to tlie sub- division Phyllolubce. The seeds of leguminous plants also pre- sent many other anomalies more difficult to reduce to any fixed laws ; thus some are found which contain a rather large portion of fixed oil, such as the seed of the A'rachis hijpogycc a and il/o- ringa pterogosperma, which produces oil of ben ; there are some of which the smell and flavour are rather powerful, as the seed of Dipterex odbra or Tonquin bean ; there are others, which, like the chick pea, have rather a bitter taste and exciting properties, and are on that account administered for the jaundice. There are others again, like those of the Andlra, which are so bitter as to be used in Java and Brazil as tonic, alexiteric, and vermifuge. In short, are not the aperient and diuretic qualities which are observable in the roots and herbage of many leguminous plants, such as broom, beans. Ononis, Sec. to be attributed to a modifi- cation of this extractive principle? There are, in another view, roots which are tuberous, and furnish mankind with wholesome food, as Lathyris tuberosus, Dolichos luberbsus, and D. bulbdsus, which last the Indians use for food. The roots of liquorice have a sweet and mucilaginous taste, which, united to an acrid and rather exciting principle, causes it to be employed as a pectoral. It may be here added, that the sweet flavour of liquorice and its properties are not confined to the genus, but is found ecjually in the roots of many other plants of the order, as A brus precathrius, various species of Trifblium, Sec. The bark of some trees of leguminous plants is remarkable for its bitterness, and is used as febrifuges ; the different kinds of Genffrbya and Andlra possess this bitter and febrifugal quality in a remarkable degree. In India the barks of the Agati grandijlbra and of the Guilandlna Bonducclla are employed for the same purpose. The barks of many leguvninous plants are also remarkable for their astringent qualities, caused by the quantity of tannin which they are found to contain ; this is observable in the Aeacia Cdte- chu and A. Ardbica, which are used for tanning leather. It is well known that almost all colouring matter proceeds from the extractive principle, and this principle abounds in Legmninosce, To this family belong the principal blue colours known by the name of Indigo, extracted from every kind of Indigofera, and from some Tephrbsias ; and the red colours are yielded by all the species of Ccesalpinia and of Heematbxylon or Logwood. We may add the red juice which is drawn from the Pterocarpus Draco and Santallnus, under the name of Sandal and Dragon's bIo)d ; from Butea, under the name of Gum lac, and also from Dalbergia Muneldria. The red juice oi Erythrophlium or Gre- gree-tree, is used as an ordeal in Africa. These juices appear to differ in many particidars, but their history and analysis being unknown, it is impossible to form an estimate of the nature of their differences. Among the exotic drugs employed in the arts, are the balsam of Copiva, produced by the Copaifera ; the balsam of Peru, which Mutis says is produced by Myrospermum pentiferum, and the balsam of Tolu from Myrospermum toluiferum , the cachou, which has been found to be almost pure tannin, and which is supposed to be produced by Acacia C^itechu. Of the same character is that remarkable resin that is yielded by J/ymente'a Courbaril ; gum Arabic, produced by the bark and roots of Acacia vera, Senegal, Ardbica, and others; gum tragacanth, obtained from Astragalus Crelicus, gummifer, and virus ; and, finally, manna is secreted by Alhagi Maurbrum. It is remarkable that the botanical characters of Leguminbsce shoidd so strictly agree with the properties of their seeds ; the latter may be divided into two sections, namely, the first Sarco- lobcF, or those of which the cotyledons are thick (f. 21. c. g.), and filled with fecula, and destitute of cortical pores, and which, moreover, in germination do not undergo any change, but nou- rish the young plant by means of that supply of food which they already contain ; second, the Phyllu'oba, or those of which the cotyledons are thin (f. 21. a. /.), with a very little fecula, and furnished with cortical pores, and which change at once into leaves at the time of germination, for the purpose of elaborating food for the young plant. All the seeds of Sarcblobce are used as food in different countries, and none of those of Phyllolobce are ever so employed. M. de Candolle's arrangement of Leguminbsce being here adopted, it will be useful to explain the principles on which it is founded. He divides Leguminbsce into two grand divisions. 94 LEGUMINOSiE. the first of which consists of plants, the railicle of whose embryo is curved back upon the edge of tlic cotyledons (f. 21 . b. e.f.) ; the second, of those whose radicle and cotyledons are straight (f. 21 . i. k. I. m.) ; the former is called Curvimhrice, the latter Rectembr'tce. In the Ciinimbrlcv certain diversities in the structure of the calyx and corolla again divide into two principal forms, one of which, comprehending all the genera with papilionaceous flowers (f. 27.). is called Ptqidionacecv, and the other consisting of a very small number of species with 1 or 2 petals or more, and an obscurely lobed calyx, is called Snartziece (f. 52.)- The last is not sub- divided, but the Pap'iUonacece resolve themselves into two great tribes, namely, those with fleshy cotyledons (f. 21. c.) and eat- able pulse called Sarculobeu, and those with foliaceous cotyledons (f. 21. n./.), and seeds which are not eatable, eaWed Pliyllolobce, each of these is divisible by three upon slight diffei«nces in the fructification. In the Reclembrece two suborders, MhnusecB (f. S3, f. 54.) and Ccesalp'inece (f. 56. f. 57.), are formed upon va- riations in the aestivation of the calyx and corolla ; in the former it is valvate, in the latter imbricated ; the first constitutes a single tribe, the latter divides into three. Having thus explained the principles upon which Leguminusce is arranged, the following synopsis of the genera will be intelligible. Synopsis of the Genera. Division I. Curve'mbri^. Radicle bent back upon the edge of the lobes of the cotyledons in embryo (f. 21. 6. e.f.). SUBORDEK I. Papiliona'ce*. Embryo with the radicle lying in the fissure of the cotyledons (f. 21. b. e.f). Sepals imbricate in aestivation or somewhat valvate. Petals disposed in a papilionaceous man- ner (f. 24. h. f. 25. b. &c.), always irregular, the upper one is called a vexillum (f. 21. «.), the two side ones wings (f. 21. o.), and the lower one, which is usually composed of 2 petals, the keel (f. 21. p.). Stamens inserted in the bottom of the calyx, or perigynous. ^1. Plnjllolobce. Cotyledons thin, leafy (f. 21. n./.). Tribe I. Sopho're^e. Flowers papilionaceous (f. 24. b. f. 22. c. &-c.). Stamens 10, unconnected (f. 23./. f. 24. c). Legume continuous, not articulated (f. 22. d.). Cotyledons flat, leafy (f. 21. a.f). 1 Myrospe'rmum. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed, superior petal larger than the rest. Legume stipitate, naked at the base, and winged at the apex, indehiscent, 1-celled, 1-2-seeded. Seeds enveloped in balsamic juice. Trees, with pinnate leaves. 2 Sopuora. Calyx 5-toothed (f. 22. a.), campanidatc. Petals of keel usually concrete at the apex. Legume wingless, moniliform, many-seeded (f. 24. d.). Trees, with impari-pin- nate leaves, and variable flowers. ■i Edwa rdsia. Calyx oblique, 5-loothed. Petals connivent. Keel long. Legume moniliform, 2-valved, 4-winged, many- seeded. Shrubs, with impari-pinnate leaves, and yellow flowers. 4 Ormosia. Calyx 5-parted, bilabiate. Vexillum roundish, hardly longer than the keel and wings. Legume woody, com- pressed, 2-valved, 1-3-seeded. Trees, with impari-pinnate leaves, and blue or purple flowers. 5 Virgi'lia. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals about equal in length. Vexillum flat. Legume compressed, oblong, 2-valved, many- seeded. Trees, with impari-pinnate leaves, and purplish and yellow flowers. 6 Macrotropis. Calyx cup-shaped, inflated, 5-toothed. Keel longer than the vexillum. Legume straight, compressed or subterete, many-seeded. Shrubs, with impari-pinnate leaves and white flowers. 7 Anagyris. Calyx 5-toothed, somewhat bilabiate. Wings longer than the vexillum and keel. Legume on a short stipe, compressed, many-seeded, 2-valved. Shrubs, with trifoliate leaves and yellow flowers. 8 Pipta'nthus. Calyx 5-toothed, somewhat bilabiate at the apex. Vexillum with subincurved edges. Wings involute at the apex. Keel obtuse, bifid. Legume linear, stipitate, many- seeded. A shrub, with trifoliate leaves and yellow' flowers. 9 Thermopsis. Calyx campanulate, 4-S-cleft, somewhat bi- labiate, convex behind. Petals nearly equal. Vexillum with reflexed sides. Legume compressed, falcate or linear, many- seeded. Perennial herbs, with trifoliate leaves and yellow flowers. 10 Bapti'sia. Calyx half 4-5-cleft, bilabiate. Petals nearly equal. Vexillum with reflexed edges. Legume ventricose, pedicellate, many-seeded. Perennial herbs, with trifoliate, rarely simple leaves, and yellow and blue flowers. 11 Cyclopia. Calyx 5-cleft, thrust in at the base. Stigma bearded. Vexillum large. Wings with a transverse plait. Keel mucTonate. Legume compressed, pedicellate, 1-celled, many-seeded, coriaceous. Shrubs, with sessile trifoliate leaves and yellow flowers, 12 Podaly'ria. Calyx 5-cleft, thrust in at the base. Vex- illum large. Keel covered by the wings. Stamens rather con- nate at the base. Legume sessile, ventricose, many-seeded. Shrubs, with simple leaves and red or white flowers. 13 Chorize'ma. Calyx half 5-cleft, bilabiate. Keel ventri- cose, shorter than the wings. Legume ventricose, 1-celled, many-seeded, sessile or subsessile. Shrubs, with simple, toothed or entire leaves, and yellow and red flowers. 14 PoDOLOBiuM. Calyx 5-cleft, bilabiate. Vexillum spread- ing. Legume stalked, linear-oblong, smooth inside, 4-seeded. Shrubs, with simple, lobed or entire leaves, and yellow and red flowers. 15 OxYLOBiuM. Calyx deeply 5-cleft (f. 23. a.), somewhat bilabiate. Vexillum spreading (f. 23. 6.). Legume sessile (f. 23. fi.) or subsessile, many-seeded, ventricose, ovate, acute. Little shrubs, with whorled leaves and yellow flowers. 16 Calli'stachys. Calyx 5-cleft, bilabiate. Vexillum erect. Legume stipitate, woody, opening at the top, many-seeded. Shrubs, with entire, scattered, or whorled leaves, and yellow- flowers. 17 Brachyse'ma. Calyx 5-cleft, ventricose. Vexillum shorter than the wings or keel. Legume ventricose, manv- seeded. Procumbent or climbing shrubs, with simple entire leaves, and scarlet or greenish-yellow flowers. 18 GoMPiioLoBiuM. Calyx 5-parted. Vexillum spreading. LEGUMINOS.E. 95 Legume many-sceJed, latlur spherical, and verj- obtuse. Shrubs, with impari-pianate or pahuatcly 3-^-foliate leaves, and yellow Howers. 19 BuRTONiA. Calyx deeply 5-cleft. Petals al)out equal in length. Legvuiie roundish, rather ventricose. Shrubs, with awl-shapcd, trifoliate, sessile leaves, and yellow flowers. 20 Jacksonia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals and stamens deci- duous. Legume rather ventricose, ovate or oblong, with the valves pubescent inside. Shrubs, almost leafless in the adult state, with filiform branches, and yellow flowers. 21 ViMiNA^RiA. Calyx 5-toothed, angular. Petals equal in length. Legume valveless, ovate. Shrubs, in the adult state leafless. Flowers yellow. 22 Srn.EROLOBiUM. Calyx 5-cleft, bilabiate. Legume sphe- rical, l-i2-seeded, pedicellate. Shrubs, in the adult state nearly leafless, when present simple, with red or yellow flowers. 23 AoTfs. Calyx 5-cleft, bilabiate. Petals and stamens deciduous. Legume 2-valved, 1-2-seeded. Shrubs, with sim- ple narrow leaves and yellow flowers. 2i Dillwy'nia. Calyx 5-cleft, bilabiate, tapering to the base. Vexillum large, 2-lobed. Legume ventricose, 1-2-seed- ed. Seeds strophiolate. Shrubs, with simple leaves and yellow flowers. 25 Eita'xia. Calyx 5-cleft, bilabiate. Vexillum broad. Legume rather ventricose, 1-2-seeded. Seed strophiolate. Shrubs, with simple leaves and j'ellow flowers. 26 Sclerotha'mkus. Calyx 5-cleft, bilabiate, bibracteate at the base. Keel length of wings. Legume ventricose, pedicel- late, 2-seeded. A shrub, with simple leaves and yellow flowers. 27 Gastrolobium. Calyx 5-cleft, bilabiate. Keel length of wings. Legume ventricose, 2-seeded. Seeds strophiolate. Shrubs, with simple leaves, disposed t in a whorl, and yellow flowers. 28 EuciiiLus. Calyx deeply 5-cleft, bibracteolate at the base, bilabiate, lower lobes setaceous. Keel length of wings. Legume compressed, pedicellate, 2-seeded. Seed strophiolate. Shrubs, with opposite simple leaves and yellow- flowers. 29 Pulten^'a. Calyx 5-cleft, somewhat bilabiate (f 24. a.), bibracteolate at the base. Legimie sessile (f. 24. d.), 2-seeded. Shrubs, with simple alternate leaves. 30 Davie'sia. Calyx angular, 5-toothed. Keel shorter than the wings. Legume compressed, angular, opening elasti- cally at the lower suture, 2-seeded, pedicellate. Seeds stro- phiolate. Spiny or imarmed shrubs, with simple leaves, some- times leafless, and yellow flowers. 31 Mirbe'lia. Calyx 5-cleft, bilabiate. Legume 2-seeded, longitudinally 2-celled, from the suture being bent inwards above. Shrubs, with ternately verticillate leaves and purple flowers. Tribe IL hoTEJE. Corolla paplUonaceous (f. 25. h.). Stamens 10, mona- ddphous (f. 25. c. f. 29. c.) or diadelphous, that is to say, 9 joined, and 1 Jree. Legume continuous, \-cdkd (f. 29. (/.), rarely 2- ceHcd, from the upper suture being bent innards. Cotyledons Jlat,foliaceous (f. 21. a. f.). ' SuDTRiBE L GtNi'sTE.E. Lcgume l-ccllcd {{. 2G. d. f. 2'J. d.). Stamens usually monadelphous (f. 25. c. f. 27. d. f. 29. t.). Leaves simple or palniately trifoliate, rarely pinnate. Stems usually shrubby. 32 HoVEA. Calyx 5-cleft, bilabiate (f. 25. a.). Keel ob- tuse (f. 25. f). Stamens monadelphous (f. 25. c), upper one more or less free. Legume sessile (f. 25. d.), roundish, ventri- cose, 2-seeded. Seeds strophiolate. Shrubs, with alternate simple leaves and purplish flowers. 33 Plagiolobium. Calyx bilabiate (f. 26. a.), upper lip broad, retuse, lower one 3-parted. Keel obtuse (f. 26. c). Stamens diadelphous, 9 joined, and I free. Legume oblique (f. 26. d.), coriaceous, ventricose, 2-seeded. Seeds strophiolate. Shrubs, with simple spiny-toothed leaves, and blue flowers. 34 Platvlobium. Calyx 5-cleft, bracteate, bilabiate. Sta- mens all connected. Legume pedicellate, compressed, flat, many-seeded, winged on the back. .Shrubs, with opposite sim- ple leaves and yellow flowers, with the base of the vexillum red. 35 Bossi.e'a. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 27. a.), bilabiate. Stamens monadelphous (f. 27. d. f. 28. b.). Legume compressed (f. 28. c), pedicellate (f. 27. e.), many-seeded, with the margins thick- ened on both sides. Seeds strophiolate. Shrubs, with flat or terete branches, and alternate simple leaves, when present, and yellow flowers, with the keel usually red or brown. 36 GooDiA. Calyx 5-cleft, bilabiate. Vexillum large, flat. Stamens all connected. Legumen pedicellate, compressed. Seeds strophiolate. Shrubs, with alternate, stalked, trifoliate leaves, and yellow flowers. 37 Sco'ttea. Calyx bracteate, 5-toothed. Stamens all con- nected. Ve.xillum very short. Legume stalked, compressed, thickened at the sutures. Seeds 3-4, strophiolate. Shrubs, with toothed simple leaves and reddish flowers. 38 Templetokia. Calyx 5-toothed. Stamens all connected, the tenth sometimes free. Keel oblong, rather longer than the wings. Legume pedicellate, compressed, many-seeded. Seeds strophiolate. Shrubs, with alternate, simple, wedge-shaped leaves and scarlet flowers. 39 Ra'fnia. Calyx cleft in 5 lobes to the middle, lowest lobe setaceous. Keel obtuse. Vexillum roundish. Stamens mona- delphous. Legume lanceolate, compressed, many-seeded. Shrubs, with alternate simple leaves and yellow flowers. 40 Vascoa. Calyx half 5-cleft. Lobes acute, not spinose. Vexillum roundish. Stamens monadelphous. Legume com- pressed, sessile, many-seeded. Shrubs, with simple, stem-clasp- ing leaves, upper ones opposite, lower ones alternate, and yellow- flowers. 41 BoRBoxiA. Calyx 5-cleft ; lobes spiny at apex. Corolla villous. Vexillum emarginate. Keel obtuse. Stamens mona- delphous. Legume linear, flat, many-seeded. Shrubs, with simple, .ilternate, stem-clasping leaves and yellow flowers. 42 AcHYRoNiA. Calyx 5-toothed, lower tooth elongated and bifid. Stamens diadelphous. Legume compressed, many- seeded. Shrubs, with habit of last genus, with yellow flowers. 43 Lipa'ria. Calyx thrust in at the base, 5-lobed, lower lobe very long, elliptic, petaloid. Corolla smooth. Keelccute. 96 LEGUMINOSiE. Stamens diadelphous. Legume ovate, few-seeded. Shrubs, with lanceolate leaves, which are pungent at the apex, and fulvous flowers. 44 PRiESTLt^-A. Calyx 5-lobed, subilabiate. Corolla smooth. Wings falcate. Stamens diadelphous. Legume sessile, com- pressed, 4-6-seeded. Shrubs, with simple leaves and yellow flowers. 45 Ha'llia. Calyx 5-cleft. Keel obtuse. Stamens mona- delphous, entire. Legume membranous, 2-valved, 1-seeded. Sufthiticose herbs, with simple leaves and purple flowers. 46 Hevla'ndia. Calyx 5-cleft. Keel obliquely truncate, acuminated. Stamens monadelphous, cleft in front. Legume compressed, 1-seeded. SuftVuticose herbs, with cordate, roundish leaves and yellow flowers. 47 Ckotala'ria. Calyx 5-lobed, subilabiate. Vexillum cordate, large. Keel falcate, acuminated. Stamens monadel- phous. Style bearded laterally. Legume turgid, with ventri- cose valves, usually many-seeded. Herbs or shrubs, with sim- ple or palmately compound leaves and usually yellow flowers, rarely purplish. 48 Cla'vulum. Calyx 5-cleft, somewhat bilabiate. Vexillum somewhat plicate. Keel large, short. Wings short. Stamens monadelphous, with the tube cleft. Style acute. Legume in- flated, many-seeded. 49 HvpocALY'rTus. Calyx 5-lobed, thrust in at the base. Stamens monadelphous. Legume compressed, lanceolate. A smooth shrub, with trifoliate leaves and purple flowers. 50 ViBORGiA. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Vexillum obovate. Keel obtuse. Stamens monadelphous, cleft in front. Legume compressed, 1-seeded, winged on the upper side, and with ven- tricose valves. Shrubs, with trifoliate leaves and yellow flowers. 51 Loddigk'sia. Calyx rather inflated, acutely 5-toothed. Vexillum shorter than the wings or keel. Stamens monadel- phous. Ovary oblong, 2-4-ovulate, compressed. Shrubs, with trifoliate leaves and reddish-white flowers. 52 DicjiTlus. Calyx tapering at the base, 5-toothed, deeply bilabiate ; teeth all acute. Vexillum shorter than the obtuse keel. Stamens monadelphous, with the sheath cleft in front. Ovary linear, 8-ovidate. A shrub, with trifoliate leaves and white or yellow flowers. 5;5 LEBii'tKiA. Calyx 5-cleft ; lobes acute. Stamens mona- delphous, with the sheath cleft in front. Legume cylindrical, many-seeded. Shrubs with the habit of Genista, with simple or trifoliate leaves and yellow flowers. 54 Sarcophv'llum. Calyx 5-parted, regular, 2 superior teeth divaricate. Keel obtuse. Stamens monadelphous. Le- gume compressed, elongated, falcate, many-seeded. A shrub, with fascicles of filiform fleshy leaves and yellow flowers. 55 Aspa'lathus. Calyx 5-toothed. Vexillum stipitate. Sta- mens monadelphous, with the sheath cleft in front. Legume oblong, few-seeded. Shrubs, with fascicled leaves, usually tri- foliate and sessile, and usually yellow flowers. 5(i U'lex. Calyx 5-toothed, bibracteate, 2-parted. Stamens monadelphous. Legume short, tmgid, few-seeded. Shrubs, with spiny branches and leaves, and yellow flowers. 57 Stauraca'nthus. Calyx 5-toothed, bilabiate. Stamens monadelphous. Legume long, exserted, flat, many-seeded. Shrub with the habit of U'lex, with yellow flowers. 58 Spa'rtium. Calyx spathaceous, cleft above, S-toothed, subilabiate. Vexillum roundish. Keel acuminated. Stamens monadelphous. Legume compressed, many-seeded. Shrub, with lanceolate, scattered leaves and yellow flowers. 59 Geni'sta. Calyx 5-toothed, bilabiate (f. 29. rf.). Vexil- lum obtuse (f. 29. a.). Keel oblong (f. 29. h.). Staitiens mona- delphous (f. 29. c). Legume compressed, rarely somewhat turgid (f. 29. d.), few or many-seeded. Unarmed or spiny shrubs, with simple or trifoliate leaves and yellow flowers. 60 Cy'tisus. Calyx bilabiate, upper lip usually entire, lower one 3-toothed. Vexillum large. Keel obtuse. Stamens mo- nadelphous. Legume compressed, many-seeded. Shrubs or trees, with trifoliate leaves, and yellow, purple, or white flowers. 61 Adenoca'rpus. Calyx 5-cleft, obconical, usually glan- dular, bilabiate. Keel obtuse. Stamens monadelphous. Le- gume oblong, flat, covered with pedicellate glands. Shrubs, with trifoliate leaves and yellow flowers. 62 Ononis. Calyx campanulate, S-cleft, with the seginents linear. Vexillum large. Stamens monadelphous, one of which is sometimes nearly free. Legume usually turgid, few-seeded. Herbs or shrubs, with simple, trifoliate, rarely impari-pinnate leaves and variable flowers. 63 Requie'nia, Calyx 5-toothed, acute. Keel obtuse. Stamens monadelphous, with the sheath cleft in front. Legume oval, compressed, 1-seeded. Shrubs, with bistipulate, obcordate, simple leaves. 6't Anthy'llis. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, more or less in- flated after flowering. Petals about equal in length. Stamens monadelphous. Legume ovate, 1-2-seeded, rarely oblong- linear and many-seeded, covered by the calyx. Shrubs or herbs, with trifoliate or impari-pinnate leaves, and yellow, white, or red flowers. SuBTRiBE n. Trifolie'.e. Lcgume X-ceUed (f. 30. c. f. 31. c.). Stamens diadelphous {{. 3\. b.). Stems herbaceous, rarely frutescent. Leaves usually jmhnately 3-5-foliate, rarely im- pari-pinnate, primordial ones alternate. 65 Medica'go. Calyx subcylindrical, 5-cleft. Keel remote from the vexillum (f. 30. h.). Legume many-seeded, of various forms, usually spirally twisted (f 30. c). Herbs or shrubs, with yellow or red flowers. 66 Hymenoca'rpvs. Calyx subcylindrical, 5-cleft. Keel remote from the vexillum. Legmne membranous, compressed, arched. Herbs, with yellow flowers. 67 Trioone'lla. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft. Keel small, but with the wings and vexillum spreading, appearing like a 3- petalled corolla. Legume oblong, compressed, or cylindrical, many-seeded. Herbs, with yellow and white flowers. 68 Pocockia. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed. Keel shorter than the wings and vexillum. Legume longer than the calyx, membranous, compressed, winged. An upright herb, with yel- low flowers. LEGUMINOSiE. 07 09 Melilotus. Calyx tubular, 5-toollieJ. Keel sliorter than the wings or vexillum. Legume longer than the calyx, coria- ceous, 1 or many-seeded, of various forms. Herbs, with yellow or white flowers. 70 Trifolium. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft (f. 31. a.). Keel shorter than the wings and vexillum. Legume small (f. 31. c), hardly dehiscent, shorter than the calyx, usually ovate, 1-2- seeded, rarely oblong, 3- t-seeded, and a little longer than the calyx. Herbs, with variable (lowers. 71 AcROPODlUM. Calyx 5-ck"ft. Vexillum short, hispid. Wings bidentate. Stamens diadelphous. Legume ovate-oblong, usually 2-seeded, stalked. A subshrub, with fascicled leaves, and 3-flowered axillary racemes. 72 Dory'cnium. Calyx subcampanulate, bilabiate, rather gibbous at the base. Wings shorter than the vexillum. Keel almost mutic. Stigma capitate. Herbs or subshrubs, with white or red flowers. 73 Lotus. Calyx tubular, 5 cleft. Wings and vexillum nearly equal. Keel beaked. Legume cylindrical or compressed, wingless. Stigma subidate. Herbs, usually with yellow flowers. 74 Tetragonolobus. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft. Wings shorter than the vexillum. Keel beaked. Stigma funnel-shaped, at length obliquely beaked. Legume furnished with 4 marginal wings. Herbs, with red or yellow flowers. 75 Hosa'ckia. Calyx campanulate, 5-cIeft (f. 32. a.). Wings equal in length to the vexillum (f. 32. 6.). Keel beaked. Stigma capitate. Legume cylindrical, or rather compressed, straight. Herbs, with impari-pinnate leaves, and variegated flowers. 7C Carmich.e'lia. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-toothed. Vexillum broad. Ovary many-seeded. Legume few-seeded, with the valves separating at both margins, leaving the dissepiments upon the plant after the seeds have fallen. A shrub, with flat branches and blue flowers, and the leaves pinnate when present. 77 Cyamopsis. Calyx turbinately-tubular, 5-cleft ; lobes lan- ceolate-awl-shaped, 2 upper ones remote. Flowers with a roundish vexillum, oblong wings, and a 2-petalled, straight, acute keel, all nearly equal in length. Stamens monadelphous. Stig- ma capitate. Legume compressed, many-seeded. An herb, with purple flowers. SuBTRiBE in. Clit6ri;e. Legume 1-celled (f. 34. c). Sta- mens usually diadelphous (f. 34. d.). Stems herbaceous or siif- Jrutescent, usually climhing. Leaves various, primordial ones opposite. Flowers usually blue, red, or purple, rarely yelloiv. 78 Psora'lea. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft, usually glandular ; lobes acuminated, lowest one longest. Legume valveless, 1- seeded, length of calyx. Shrubs or herbs. Flowers blue. 79 Indigofera. Calyx 5-cleft ; lobes acute. Vexillum roundish, emarginate (f. 33. a.). Keel having an awl-shaped spur on both sides. Legume terete (f 33. c), flat, or tetra- gonal, 2-valved, rarely few-seeded, usually many-seeded. Herbs or shrubs, with simple, impari-pinnate or trifcliate leaves, and red, blue, or white flowers. 80 Ou'sTROPis. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft. Wings equal in length to the vexillum. Keel blunt, with an auricle on each side. Legume compressed, 2-valved, 3-4-cclled ; cells 1- seeded. A prostrate herb, with trifoliate leaves, and heads of red flowers. 81 Clitoria. Calyx bibractcate at the base, 5-cleft (f34.a.). Vexillum large (f. 34. 6.). Stamens and petals inserted above the base of the calyx. Style rather dilated at the apex. Le- gume linear (f 31. c), compressed, 2-valvcd, 1-celled, many- seeded. Climbing herbs, with trifoliate or impari-pinnate leaves. Flowers large, white, blue, or purple. 82 Neuroca'rpum. Calyx tubular, with 5 acuminated, nearly equal teeth, and furnished with 2 bracteas at the base. Vexillum large, roundish. Keel obtuse. Legume stipitate, compressed, sul)-tetragonal, from the middle nerve of the valves being rather prominent, 4-8-seeded. Usually climbing subshrubs, with tri- foliate leaves, and large white or purplish flowers. 83 Martiu'sia. Calyx tubular, soinewhat bilabiate, with 5 acute teeth, lowest one longest. Corolla none. Stamens 4, 2 fertile and 2 sterib, distinct. Legume stipitate, compressed, somewhat tetragonal in consequence of the valves being furnished with a prominent middle nerve. A climbing shrub, with trifoliate leaves. 84 Cologa'nia. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft, bibracteate at the base, somewhat bilabiate. Vexillum roundish. Ovary stipitate, linear, very hispid, girded by the disk. Style smooth, obtuse. Procumbent or twining herbs, with simple or trifoliate leaves, and violaceous flowers. 85 Gala'ctia. Calyx bibracteate at the base, 4-cleft. Petals 5, oblong, distinct, with the vexillum broader than the rest. Stigma obtuse. Legume terete or compressed, many-seeded, elongated. Climbing herbs or subshrubs, with tritbliate or impari-pinnate leaves, and usually red flowers. 86 Odonia. Caly.x 4-parted. Vexillum erectly spreading. Wings having a tooth each at the apex. Keel 2-parted, reflexed, remote from the vexillum. Legume compressed, usually 8- seeded. A twining herb, with trifoliate leaves. 87 Steganotropis. Calyx 5-toothed, bibracteate, permanent. Vexillum cucullate, bicallous at tlie base, and spurred behind, inclosing the wings and keel, which are membranous. Style membranous, dilated and bearded at the apex. Legume linear, many-seeded. A twining herb, with ternate leaves, and 2- flowered peduncles. 88 ViLMORi.NiA. Calyx cylindrical, 4-toothed, somewhat bi- labiate. Wings shorter than the keel. Style acute. Legume stalked, lanceolate, compressed, tapering. A shrub, with impari- pinnate leaves, and purple flowers. 89 DipLONYX. Calyx urceolate, bilabiate. Vexillum re- flexed, standing on a glandular claw. Wings biauriculate. Keel biauriculate. Stamens diadelphous. Legume terete, many- seeded. A twining shrub, with impari-pinnate leaves, and axillary racemes of violaceous flowers. 90 Barbie' ria. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft, bibracteate at the base. Wings shorter than the keel, and keel shorter than the vexillum. Style bearded at the apex. Stigma obtuse. Legume linear, villous, many-seeded. A shrub, with impari-pinnate leaves, and scarlet-purplish flowers. 91 Kiese'ria. Calyx campanulate, gibbous at the base, 5- toothed, lower tooth longer and keeled. Vexillum orbicular. O 98 LEGUMINOS^. Stamens diadelphous. Style villous in front. Legume linear, compressed, hooked at the end, many-seeded. A tomentose herb, with pinnate leaves, and racemes of white flowers. 92 Grona. Calyx 4-cleft ; upper lobe emarginate. Wings obtuse. Vexillum obcordate. Keel concave, adnate to the middle of the wings. Stigma simple. Legume linear, compressed, many-seeded. A prostrate shrub, with simple leaves, and purple flowers. 93 Coll^'a. Calyx 5-cleft ; upper lobe a little broader than the rest. Petals unguiculate. Vexillum biauriculate at the base. Stigma capitate. Legume compressed, tomentose, 4-6-seeded. Shrubs, with trifoliate leaves, and purple flowers. 94 Oto'i'TERA. Calyx 5-cleft, 2 superior lobes approximate. Vexillum large, roundish. Wings oblong, furnished with an auricle on the stipe. Keel 2-edged. Stigma bilabiate, obtuse. Ovary linear, straight, compressed, many-ovulate. A twining shrub, with trifoliate leaves, and purplish flowers. 95 Puera'ria. Calyx bilabiate, upper lip entire or hardly bidentate, lower one trifid. Keel obtuse. Vexillum obovate. Stamens monadelphous. Legume compressed, stipitate, many- seeded. Climbing shrubs, with trifoliate leaves, and yellowish flowers. 96 Duma'sia. Calyx obliquely truncate, toothless, bibrac- teate at the base. Claws of petals length of calyx. Keel obtuse. Legume tapering to the base, compressed, few-seeded. Climb- ing herbs, with trifoliate leaves, and purplish or yellow flowers. 97 Glycine. Calyx 5-cleft, somewhat bilabiate. Style acute. Legume linear, compressed, straight, many-seeded, hooked at the end. Climbing herbs, with trifoliate leaves, and usually yel- lowish flowers. 98 Cii/ETo'calyx. Calyx bilabiate, with awl-shaped segments, those of the upper lip recurved and those of the lower lip ad- pressed, beset with glandular bristles. Vexillum roundish, emarginate. Keel conforming to the wings. Ovary linear, many- seeded. Style filiform, villous. A climbing shrub, with impari- pinnatc leaves, and yeUow flowers. SuBTRiBE IV. Gale~ge;e. Legume \-ceUed (f. 36. c. f. 37. c). Stamens diadelphous, rarely monadelphous. Stems herba- ceous, shrubby, or arboreous. Leaves alternate or ojiposite, usually impari-pinnate. 99 Petaloste'mum. Calyx 5-cleft or 5-toothed. Petals un- guiculate, like each other in shape. Stamens 5, monadelphous. Vexillum conduplicate, free. Legume covered by the calyx, 1 -seeded, indehiscent. Herbs, with white or purple flowers. 100 Da lea. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 36. a.), or 5-toothed. Wings and keel adnate to the base of the stamens (f. 36. 6.). Vexillum short, free. Stamens 10, monadelphous. Legume ovate, 1- seeded (f. 36. c), shorter than the calyx. Herbs, with white or blue flowers. 101 Glycyrhiza. Calyx tubidar, 5-cleft, bilabiate, espe- cially the 2 upper lobes are joined together, higher up than the others. Vexillum ovate-lanceolate. Keel 2-cdged or 2-petalkd, acute. Legume ovate or oblong, compressed, 1-4-seeded. Herbs, with sweet roots, and bluish or white flowers. 102 Gale'ga. Calyx of 5 awl-shaped, equal teeth. Vexillum obovate-oblong. Keel obtuse. Stamens monadelphous. Stigma dot-formed. Legimie terete, tomentose. Herbs, with blue, red, or white flowers. 103 Callotropis. Calyx of 5 equal filiform teeth. Vexillum erect, ovate. Wings shorter than the keel, which is incurved. Style incurved, tipped by a hairy stigma. Stamens diadelplious, the 9 joined ones incurved. Legume stipitate, compressed, ta- pering to both ends, many-seeded. Herbs, with blue flowers. 104 Tephrosia. Calyx 5-toothed (f. 37. a.). Vexillum large (f 37. b.), roundish, silky or pubescent outside, reflexed. Wings adhering to the obtuse keel. Stamens either monadel- phous or diadelphous. Legume compressed, linear, many- seeded (f. 37. c). Shrubs or herbs, with purple or white flowers. 105 Amorpha. Caly.x 5-toothed. Vexillum ovate, concave. Wings and keel wanting. Stamens exserted, monadelphous at the base. Legume compressed, ovate, or lunulate, 1-2-seeded. Shrubs, with bluish-purple flowers. 106 Eysenha'kdtia, Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed, upper teeth more remote, lowest one longest. Vexillum oblong, dis- tinct from the keel. Ovary biovulate. Style hooked at the apex. A tree, with white flowers. 107 Nissolia. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed. Stamens mo- nadelphous, with a dorsal fissure, or diadelphous. Legume stipi- tate, ending in a leafy wing, 1 or many-seeded. Climbing shrubs. 108 JMuLLE^RA. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed, circumcised at the base after flowering. Petals deciduous. Stamens 8-10, monadelphous, falling oflP with the calyx. Legume moniliform ; links 1-5, distinct, indehiscent, 1 -seeded. A tree. 109 Lonchoca'rpus. Calyx urceolate, 5-toothed. Vexillum orbicular, about equal in length with the wings and keel. Sta- mens monadelphous and diadelphous. Legume on a short stipe, flat, membranous, 4-8-seeded. Trees, with purplish flowers. 110 RoBiNiA. Calyx 5-toolhed ; teeth lanceolate, 2 supe- rior ones shorter and approximate. Vexillum large." Keel obtuse. Stamens deciduous. Style bearded in front. Legume nearly sessile, many-seeded, margined at the seminiferous suture. Spiny trees, with white or rose-coloured flowers. 111 Poit;e\\. Calyx obliquely truncate, 5-toothed, 2 upper teeth very short. Petals connivent. Vexillum retuse, shorter than the wings, but with the keel longer than the wings. Stamens a little exserted. Legume stipitate, mucronate, compressed, many-seeded. Shrubs, with white or red flowers. 112 Sabinea. Calyx cup-shaped, with a truncate somewhat entire margin. Keel very blunt, rather shorter than the vexil- lum. Legume compressed, elongated, mucronate, many-seeded. Shrubs, with abruptly-pinnate leaves, and purplish flowers. 113 Codrse'tia. Calyx 5-cleft, 2 superior lobes shorter than the rest, and joined together a little higher. Vexillum ob- cordate. Keel obtuse, shorter than the wings. Style bearded at the apex. Stigma capitate. Legume compressed, 5-8-seeded, mucronate. Woolly trees, with abruptly pinnate leaves, and yellow flowers. 114 Sesba'nia. Calyx 5-cleft, or 5-tootlied (f. 38. a.). Vexil- lum roimdish, complicated (f. 38. b.), larger than the keel, LEGUMINOS.E. 99 which is obtuse, and 2-cJgC(l at the base. Sheath of stamens biatu'iculate at the base. Lcgvnne elongated, slender (f. 38. c). Shrubs or herbs, with abruptly pinnate leaves, and usually with yellow flowers. 115 Aga'ti. Calyx campanulate, bluntly 5-toothed. Vexillum oval-oblong, shorter than the oblong wings. Keel large, straight. Sheath of stamens furnished with large auricles. Legume stipi- tate, compressed, transversely many-celled. Trees, with abruptly pinnate leaves, and red flowers. 116 Glottidium. Calyx 5-toothed, somewhat bilabiate, lower teeth longer than the rest. Vexillum kidney-shaped. Legume stipitaie, compressed, 1-celled, 2-seeded. Herbs, with simple and abruptly-pinnate leaves, and yellow flowers. 117 PisciDiA. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft:. Keel obtuse. Legume stalked, linear, having 4 membranous wings, with the seeds interrupted by spongy substance. Trees, with white flowers variegated with red. lis Daubentonia. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed. Keel very blunt. Vexillum roundish, stipitate. Legume stalked, oblong, compressed, furnished with 4 wings, and with the seeds interrupted by spongy substance. Shrubs, with abruptly pin- nate leaves, and yellow or scarlet flowers. 119 Coryne'lla. Calyx somewhat bilabiate, 5-toothed. Petals with short claws. Keel obtuse. Style clavate. Legume lanceolate, compressed, marginate, many-seeded. Shrubs, with abruptly pinnate leaves and purplish flowers. 120 Cauaga'na. Calyx tubular, 5-tooched. Wings and vexillum about equal in length. Stigma truncate. Legume sessile and subterete, many-seeded. Shrubs, with abruptly pin- nate leaves, and yellow and white flowers. 121 Halijiode'sdron. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed. Keel obtuse. Wings acute, auricled. Legume stipitate, inflated, ovate, few-seeded, depressed at the seminiferous suture. A shrub, with abruptly pinnate leaves, and purplish flowers. 122 DiPHYSA. Calyx 5-cleft, 2 upper lobes roundish. Vex- illum obovate, reflexed. Wings flat. Keel falciform. Legume linear, compressed, 5-G-seeded, furnished with a large membra- nous vesicle at each side on the sutures, opposite each other. Shrubs, with yellow flowers. 123 Calo'phaca. Calyx 5-cleft; lobes acuminated. Keel obtuse. Style hairj', incurved at the apex. Legume sessile, oblong, nearly terete, mucronate, hairy. A shrub, with yellow flowers. 124 Colu'tea. Calyx 5-toothed. Vexillum bicallous, larger than the obtuse keel. Stigma lateral, hooked. Style bearded behind. Legume stipitate, boat-shaped, inflated. Shrubs, with yellow flowers. 125 SpH-EROPin'sA. Calyx 5-toothed. Vexillum broad. Keel obtuse. Style bearded lengthwise. Legume stipitate, inflated, spherical. Herbs, with red flowers. 126 SwAiNsoNiA. Calyx bicallous, 5-toothed. Vexillum large. Keel obtuse, rather longer than the wings. Style bearded lengthwise behind. Shrubs, with purple, scarlet, and white flowers. 127 Lesse'rtia. Calyx half 5-cleft. Vexillum broad. Keel obtuse. Stigma capitate. Style with a transverse beard in front. Legume indehiscent, compressed, or inflated. Herbs or sub- shrubs, with nodding purple flowers. 128 Sutherla'ndia. Calyx 5-toothed. Vexillum with re- plicate sides. Keel oblong. Wings very short. Style bearded lengthwise behind. Legume inflated. Shrubs, with scarlet flowers. SuBTRiBE V. Astraga'lE;E. Lcgiimc (f. 39. c. f. 40. c.) bilucular or half bdocular from one of the sutures being bent innards hngthwise. Stamens diadclphous, 9 joined and 1 free. Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent. Leaves impari-pinnate, primordial ones alternate. 129 Phaca. Calyx 5-toothed (f. 39. a.), 2 upper teeth re- mote. Keel obtuse (f. 39. &.). Stigma capitate. Legume somewhat turgid (f. 39. c), 1 -celled, upper suture tumid, semi- niferous. Herbs, with yellow or white flowers. 130 Oxy'tropis. Calyx 5-toothed (f. 40. a.). Keel ending on the back in a mucrone. Legume turgid (f 40. c). Herbs, with radicle spikes of white or blue flowers. 131 Astra'galus. Calyx 5-toothed. Keel obtuse. Herbs or subshrubs, with blue, purple, red, white, or yellow flowers. 132 Guldenst.e'dtia. Calyx campanulate, bibracteate at the base, 5-cleft, 2 superior segments broadest. Vexillum entire, about the length of the wings. Keel minute. Legume subcy- lindrical, 1-celled, many-seeded. Stemless herbs, with simple or impari-pinnate leaves, and red or violaceous flowers. 133 Bise'rrula. Calyx 5-cleft. Keel obtuse. Legume depressed, flat, sinuately toothed on the back. An herb, with blue flowers. Tribe III. Hedysa're/E. Embryo nith the radicle bent back upon the edge of the cotyledons (f. 21. e.f). Corolla papilionaceous (f. 42. 6.). Stamens rarely free, usually monadelphous (f. 43. e.) or diadelphous, 9 joined and 1 free (f. 44. d.), or 5 in each bundle. Legume dividing transversely into \-scedcd cells or joints (f. 41. e.). Cotyledons flat (f. 21./.). This tribe is easily distinguished from the rest in the legumes dividing transversely into joints or cells. SuBTRiBE L CoRONiLLEa:. Flou'crs Umbellate (f. 41. b. f. 42. 6.). Legume terete (f. 41. e.) or compressed. Stamens dia- delphous, 9 joined and 1 free. 134 ScoRPiuRus. Calyx with 5 acute lobes. Keel 2-edged. Style acute. Legume revolute, rather spiral, 3-6-jointed, muri- cated. Herbs, with simple leaves, and yellow flowers. 135 CoRONiLLA. Calyx 5-toothed (f. 41. a.), 2 upper teeth approximate. Petals unguiculate. Keel acute. Legume rather terete, many-jointed (f. 41. e.). Shrubs or herbs, with impari- pinnate leaves, and yellow, white, or purple flowers. 136 AsTROLoBiuM. Calyx 5-toothed. Keel small, com- pressed. Legume rather terete, many-jointed. Herbs with im- pari-pinnate leaves, and yellow flowers. 137 Orni'tiiopls. Calyx bracteate, 5-toothed. Keel small, 100 LEGUMINOS^. compressed. Legume compressed, many-jointed. Herbs, with impari-pinnate leaves, and white or rose-coloured flowers. 138 HiPi'ocRE^pis. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 42. a.), lobes acute. Keel 2-edged (f. 42. d.). Style acute. Legume curved, many- jointed (f. 42. e.). Herbs, with impari-piiniate leaves, and yel- low flowers. 139 Securi'oera. Calyx bilabiate, lower Jip 3-parted, upper one bidentate. Petals unguiculate. Keel acute. Legume com- pressed, ending in a long beak. An herb, with impari-pinnate leaves, and yellow flowers. SuDTRiBE n. Euhedvsa're^;. Flowers disposed in racemes (f. 43. g. f. 44. c). Legumes compressed (f. 43. i. f. 44. g.). 140 Di'pHACA. Calyx 5-cleft, bibracteate at the base. Sta- mens disposed in two 5-anthered bodies. Legume compressed, jointed. A shrub, with impari-pinnate leaves. 141 Picte'tia. Calyx 5-cleft, 2 upper lobes obtuse, 3 lower ones spiny. Vexillum roundish, complicated. Keel obtuse, a little shorter than the wings. Stamens diadelphous (9-1). Le- gume stipitate, compressed, few-seeded. Shrubs, with impari- pinnate leaves and yellow flowers. 142 Ormoca'ri'UM. Calyx bracteate, 5-cleft; lobes acute. Vexillum broad, entire. Keel obtuse, 2-edged. Stamens dia- delphous (9-1). Legume stipitate, many-jointed. Shrubs, with simple or impari-pinnate leaves, and yellow flowers. 143 AmIcia. Calyx 5-cleft, very unequal. Vexillum orbi- cular. Wings applied to the keel. Stamens monadelphous, with the sheath cleft in front. Legume linear, compressed, many- jointed. Climbing shrubs, with abruptly-pinnate leaves, and yellow flowers. 144 Poiue'tia, Calyx bilabiate ; upper lip bidentate, lower one 3-toothed. Vexillum semiorbicular, emarginate, with re- flexed sides. Wings spreading. Stamens 8-10, monadelphous, with the tube cleft above. Stigma capitate. Legume com- pressed, 3-4-jointed. Climbing shrubs, with abruptly-pinnate leaves. 145 Plana" RiiM. Calyx subcampanulate. Stamens diadel- phous. Legume stipitate, compressed, 8-jointcd, marked with a i)roniinent nerve on the sides. A climbing shrub, with impari- pinnate leaves. 14G Myriade'nus. Calyx inclosed in 2 opposite, leafy brac- teas, 5-toothed. Legume many-seeded. An herb, with ab- ruj)tly-pinnate leaves, and yellow flowers. 147 ZoRNiA. Calyx bilabiate ; upper lip emarginate ; lower one trifid. Vexillum with revolute edges. Keel bitidly lunu- late. Stamens monadelphous. Legume compressed, 3-5-jointed. Leaves with 2-4 leaflets, and yellow flowers. 148 Stylosa'nthes. Calyx long, tubular, 5-parted, unequal. Petals inserted in the tube of the calyx. Keel minute, bifid at the apex. Style very long. Stamens monadelphous, with the lube cleft. Stigma capitate, hispid. Legume 2-jointed. Herbs or subshrubs, with trifoliate leaves, and yellow flowers. 149 Aue'smia. Calyx 5-cleft ; lobes acute. Vexillum com- l)licated above the wings when young. Keel curved and trun- cate at the apex. Stamens distinct, but approximate. Lc. 172.) branches and leaves glabrous ; leaflets oblong, acuminated, equal-sided, rounded at the base. Ij . S. Native of Soutii America, on the mountains of Tolu, Turbaco, and on the banks of the river Magdalena, between Carapata and Monq)ox. Bal- s^mum Tolutanum, C. Bauh. pin. 401. Toluif'era Balsamum, Mill. diet. Lin. mat. med. 201. Woodv. med. bot. 3. p. 526. t. 193. Myroxylon tohiiferuni, H. B. et Kuntii, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 375. A large spreading tree, with very thick, rough, brown bark. Leaves oblong-ovate. Flowers yellowish, dis- posed in small axillary racemes. The balsam of Tolu is the produce of tiiis tree ; it flows from incisions made in the bark, during the hot season, and is brought to us in little gourd shells. It is of a yellowish-brown colour, inclining to red ; in consistence thick and tenacious ; by age it grows hard and brittle. The smell of this balsam is extremely fragrant, somewhat resembling that of lemon, its taste warm and sweetish. Lewis says that he has sometimes procured benzoic acid from it. It yields very little volatile oil, although it impregnates the distilled water strongly with its flavour. By dissolving a proper quantity of sugar in this water a more elegant syrup is obtained than that prepared in the common way with a decoction of the balsam ; in its medical virtues it agrees with other balsams. Balsam of 7'o/M-tree. Clt.1733 Tree 40 feet. Cull. Fresh imported seeds of any of the species will grow, if sown in a pot immediately on their arrival in this country, and placed in a hot-bed. The plants are to be potted off separ- ately when they are 3 inches high, in a mixture of peat and loam ; young cuttings will also root, if planted in sancl, with a hand-glass placed over them, in heat. II. SOPHO'RA (altered from sophero, the Arabic name of a papilionaceous flowering tree). R. Br. hort. kew-. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 2. D. C. leg. mem. 5. prod. 2. p. 95. — Sophorae, spec. Lin. gen. no. 508. exclusive of some anomalous species. Lin. svst. Decdndria, Monogrjnia. Calyx 5-toothed (f. 22. a.), campanulate at the base, or somewhat attenuated. Petals of the keel usually concrete at the apex. 'Legume some- what moniliform (f. 22. d.), wingless, many-seeded. — Trees, shrubs, or herbs, with impari-pinnate leaves, which are usually exstipulate and terminal, simple racemes or panicles of yellow, white, or blue flowers. Sect. I. Eusophora (from iv, eu, well or good, and sophora; genuine species). D. C. prod. 2. p. do. Stamens 10, free. 1 S. Jai'onica {L'm. mant. 68.) arboreous; leaflets 11-13, oblong-ovate, acute, glabrous ; panicle terminal, loose ; legumes glabrous. Ij . H. Native of Japan. Red. in Duh. ed. nov. 3. t. 21. S. Sinica, Rosier, journ. phys. 14. p. 248. D. C. leg. t. 4. f. 1. germ. Flowers beautiful cream-coloured. Legume with from 1-7 rather disLant contractions, when young replete with an austere pulp inside. An elegant tree when in flower, and well fitted for ornamental plantations. Var. ji, variegiita ; leaves variegated. Far. y, pendula ; branches pendulous. Japan Sopiiora. Fl. Aug. Sept. CIt. 1 763. Tr. SO to 40 ft. 2 S. Ciiink'nsis (Lodd. cat. Loud. hort. brit. p. 102.). We have not been able to obtain a description of this species. It is 110 LEGUMINOSiE. II. Sophora. usually confounded in gardens with the preceding. Tj . H. Na- tive of China. „ China Sophora. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 17G3. Tr. 30 to 40 ft. 3 S. GLAu'cA (Le.sch. ined. D. C. ann. sci. nat. 4. p. 98.) shrulihy ; leaflets 19-23, elliptic, niucronate, velvety, and glau- cous on tlie upper surface, but villous beneath ; racemes ter- minal, crowded, f; . S. Native of the East Indies, on the mountains of Nelligery, where it is called by tlie natives Houhhey. Branches, petioles, and peduncles velvety. Flowers purplish. G/«McoM.f Sophora. Clt. 1818. Shrub 7 feet. 4 S. TOMENTosA (Lin. spec. 533.) arboreous ; leaflets 15-19, oval-roundish, clothed with hoary tomentum on both surfaces, as well as the calyxes ; racemes terminal, elongated. Ij . S. Native of the Caribbee Islands and the East Indies 1 Lam. ill. t. 325. f. 2. S. occidentiilis, Lin. spec. 5SS. — Plum, ed Burm. t. 101. Trew. ehr. t. 59. — Browne, jam. 289. t. 31. f. 1. — Sloane, jam. 2. p. 40. t. 107. f. 3. Flowers yellow. Tomentose Sophora. Fl. .June, Jul. Clt. 1 739. Sh. 7 to 8 ft. 5 S. cRAssnoLiA (Jaum, in Duh. ed. nov. 3. p. 87.) arbo- reous ; leaflets 15-19, oblong, obtuse, oblique at the base, di- lated on the inner side, pubescent beneath ; racemes terminal, elonn-ated. Tj . S. Native of Senegal. \ aryVAae S.tomcntbsa. Leaves coriaceous, pale. Thick-leaved ^o^hora. Clt. 1818. Tree. 6 S. Havane'nsis (Jacq. amer. 118. t. 173. f. 1. a flower) shrubby; leaflets 25, oblong-ovate, obtuse, emarginate, and are as well as the branches villous ; raceme terminal, elongated. Ij . S. Native of Cuba, about the Havannah, in bushy places. Flowers yellow. Havannah Sophora. Fl. Aug 7 S. secunditlora (Lag. in D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 148.). shrubby ; leaflets 9-1 3, elliptic-ob- long, obtuse, coriaceous, smooth- ish ; racemes terminal, crowded with secund flowers. Ij . S. Native of New .Spain. Broussonetia se- cundiflora, Ort. dec. 5. p. 61. t. 7. Virgflia secundiflora, Cav. icon. 5. t. 401. Flowers rather large, blue. Legume, according to Lagas- caismoniliform. A beautifid shrub. Side-Jlowered Sophora. Clt. 1820. Shrub 6 feet. 8 S. macroca'rpa (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 6.) arboreous ; leaves with 13-19 elliptic-oblong, obtuse, coriaceous leaflets, which are silky beneath ; racemes short, axillary. Tj . G. Native of Chili, where it is called Mayo. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1125. Legume silky, wingless. An elegant shrub with yellow flowers. Allied to Edwdrdia. Long-fruited Sophora. Clt. 1822. Shrub 8 to 10 feet. 9 S. littora'lis (Schrad. in Neuw. reis. no. 9. goett. anz. 1821. p. 709.) shrubby; leaflets few pairs, roundish-elliptic, gla- brous above, but strigoselycanescent beneath; racemes termi- nal. Tj.S. Native of Brazil. Pluk. aim. t. 104. f. 3. S. are- nicola, Necs, in flora, 1821. p. 297. Flowers probably yellow. Sea-shore Sophora. Clt. 1820. Shrub 6 feet. 10 S. hei'taphy'lla (Lin. spec. 533.) arboreous ; leaflets 7, glabrous. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. This is a very obscnrc species and perhaps the same as S.Jlavcscens. — Rumpb. amb. 4. p. 50. t. 22. Flowers yellow. Sevcn-leajletled Sophora. Shrub 6 feet. 1 1 S. flave'scens (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 43.) herbaceous ; leaflets 9-13, ovate-oblong, smootliisli ; racemes terminal. X.H. Native of Siberia. S. macrosperma, Jaume, in Didi. ed. nov. S. Clt. 18 23. Shrub 6 feet. FIG. 22. p. 87. ex herb. Juss. S. glabra, Moench. ex Steud. Stipulas awl-shaped. Flowers yellowish. Stamens distinct. Legume slender, tomentose. le/Zojcii'/j-flowered Sophora. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1785. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 12 S. GALEGOiDES (Pall, astrag. p. 118. t. 88.) herbaceous; leaflets 9-13, ovate, acute, rather large, smoothish ; racemes terminal. %. H. Native of Eastern Siberia, particularly at Lake Baical. Flowers of a violet colour. Galega-like Sophora. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1817. PI. 2 to 3 ft. Sect. II. DiSEMa;'A {dig, dis, twice, and crrifia, sema, a stand- ard ; vexillum bifid). Lindl. bot. reg. 1 185. Petals imbricate. Calyx 5-toothed, equal. Stamens irregularly monadelphous at the base. 13 S. vELUTiNA (Lindl. bot. reg. 1185.) shrubby; leaflets 23, alternate, elliptic, mucronate, velvety on both surfaces, as well as the peduncles and branches ; racemes cylindrical, termi- nal ; petals imbricate ; vexillum bifid. ^ . F. Native of Ni- paul. Flowers in long racemose spikes, pale-purple. This species being very shewy, it would be worth attention to graft it on the common Sophora Japonica, by which means it would be rendered so hardy as to stand our winters in open shrubberies, for which purpose it would be a very desirable addition. /Ww??/ Sophora. Fl. May.Jun. Clt. 1820. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. Sect. III. Pseudosopiiora (from \pEvET]g, pseudes, false, so- phora ; called false sophoras because the stamens are diadel- phous, and not monadelphous, as in the preceding section). D. C. prod. 2. p. !'6. Stamens 10, somewhat diadelphous, that is 9 joined at the base and the tenth free. 14 S. alopecuroides (Lin. spec. 533.) herbaceous ; leaflets 15-25, oblong, young ones silky on both surfaces, adult ones only on the under surface ; racemes terminal. %. H. Native of Siberia, Iberia, Tauria, and Persia. Pall. astr. t. 87. — Dill. hort. elth. f. 136. — Buxb. cent. 3. t. 46. S. albicans, Jaimie, in Duh. ed. nov. 3. p. 86. There is a variety of this plant with the leaves less villous. Racemes many-flowered. Flowers yel- lowish. Legume moniliform, tapering to both ends, sometimes only 1-seeded from abortion. Root creeping much. The plant seldom or ever flowers in England from the shortness of the summer. Fo.x-tail Sophora. Fl. Sept. Oct. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 15 S. sERicEA (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 280.) herbaceous, dwarf; leaflets 21, cuneate-oval, or subelliptic, silky below; spikes nearly sessile. ]!/ . H. Native of elevated plains on the banks of the Missouri. Astri^galus c.irnosus, Pursh, fl. sept, amer. 2. p. 740. ex Nutt. Patrinia sericea, Rafin. in journ. phys. aug. 1819. p. 97. 1 Calyx 5-toothed and stamens diadelphous. ex Nutt. 4-toothed, and stamens free, ex Rafin. Keel mucro- nate, Nutt. Flowers white. 5;% Sophora. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot. "I" A species not sufficiently known. 16 S. AcuMiNA TA (Desf. journ. bot. 1814. 1. p. 75.) leaflets 39-41, lanceolate, acute, pubescent, rather cinereous ; legume tomentose, moniliform. %.''. W. Native of North America. Acuminated-lea.'AelieA Sophora. PI. ? Cult. The S. Japonica and S. Chinensis are very hand- some trees, well adapted to stand singly in lawns ; while young they require a little protection in winter. These may be raised from layers, but they are generally increased by seeds. The stove species will thrive well in a light loamy soil, and cuttings will root if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand- glass placed over them, in heat. The hardy herbaceous kinds will grow well in a dry light soil, and they are easily increased LEGUMINOS^. III. Edwardsia. IV. Ormosia. V. Viroilia. Ill by dividing them at the root in spring, or by seed, which some- times ripen. III. EDWA'RDSIA (in lionour of Sydenham Edwards, a celebrated Enghsii botanical draughtsman, who executed most of the drawings in the first volumes of the Botanical Register). Salisb. Lin. trans. <). p. 299. Lin. syst. Decamtrla, Monogynia. Calyx obliquely 5-toothed, with the upper side cleft. Petals 5, distinct, conniving into a papilionaceous corolla. Keel long. Stamens 10, with the fila- ments deciduous, according to Salisbury, and inserted into a cup-shaped, 10-angled torus. Legume moniliform, 1-celled, 2- valved, 4-winged, many-seeded. Shrubs or little trees, with im- pari-pinnate, exstipulate leaves, having numerous pairs of leaflets, which fall ofll" late in the autumn. Flowers golden, axillary, dis- posed in short racemose spikes. 1 E. micropiiy'lla (Salisb. 1. c.) leaves with 12-15 pairs of obovate-roundish, emarginate leaflets, smooth or pubescent be- neath ; petals of keel elliptic, hooked on the back. Ij . F. Native of New Zealand. Sophora microphylla, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 43. Lam. ill. t. 325. Jacq. hort. schoenbr. t. 269. So- phora tetraptera, Lin. fil. sup])l. 230. Leaflets 25-41, 2-3 lines long. 'Ihis is a magnificent shrub when in flower, displaying large pendulous bunches of golden flowers. j . G. Native of the Sandwich Islands. Leaflets 8-10 lines long. Ker. bot. reg. 738. Flowers smaller than those of tlie preceding species, yellow. Golden-leaved Edwardsia. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 5 E. NiTiDA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 97.) leaflets 21-25, elliptic, somewhat obovate, retusely emarginate, silky on both surfaces ; wings of flower oblong, with the dorsal margin straight ; legume villous. Ij . S. Native of the Island of Bourbon. Sophora nitida. Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 7. S. sericea, Jaume, in Duh. ed. nov. 3. p. 86. .y/iining Edwardsia. Clt. 1820. Shrub 8 feet. G E. DENUDATA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 97.) leaflets 17-21, ellip- tic, obtuse, retusely emarginate, pale beneath, and clothed with silky pubescence, smooth above, younger ones as well as branch- lets sericeous. \ . S. Native of the Island of Bourbon. So- phora denudata, Bory. voy. 2. p. 399. Sophora retCisa, Pers. ench. 2. p. 452. Calyx clothed with rusty shining wool, and the legume tomentose. Naked Edwardsia. Shrub. Cull. This is a genus of elegant shrubs. The four first species are hardy enough to survive our winters, in the ojien air, when they are not too severe, but it is much better to protect them under a frame in winter ; they are generally propagated by seeds, which usually ripen ; they may also be increased by young cuttings planted in sand, with a hand-glass placetl over them. The stove species, or those natives of the Island of Bourbon, will grow freely in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and young cuttings of them will root readily if planted in a jjot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them, in heat. IV. ORMO'SIA (from op/noc, ormos, a necklace ; the seeds of 0. cocc'mea, are strung for necklaces ; they are red, and have a black spot at one end). Jacks, in Lin. trans. 10. p. 3C0. R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 3. Lin. syst. Dccandria, Monogijnia. Calyx bilabiate, upper lip 2-lobed, lower one 3-parted. Vexillum roundish, hardly longer than the wings and keel. Stamens 10, with the filaments dilated at the base. Style incurved, crowned by 2 approximate stigmas. Legume woody, compressed, 2-valved, young ones 5-6-ovulate, 1-2-seeded. South American trees, with the branches clothed with rusty villi. Leaves large, inipari-pinnate, usually with 4 or 6 pairs of leaflets. Stipulas distinct from the petioles. Flowers panicled, blue, or purplish. 1 O. dasyca'rpa (Jacks. 1. c. t. 26.) leaflets acuminated, gla- brous on both surfaces ; legumes tomentose. I^ . S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. Sophora monosperma, Swartz. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 722. Podalyria, Poir. diet. 5. p. 440. Flowers large, blue. Legume containing only 1 large, round, spherical, scarlet seed, which has a large black spot at one end. Browne calls the tree the Re feet. G P. Bi'xiFoLiA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 505 ?) leaves oval or ob- ovate, bluntish, glabrous above, and silky beneath ; pedicels 1 - flowered, about the length of the leaves ; calyxes clothed with rusty villi. Ij • ^- Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ker. hot. reg. 869. Sophora buxifolia, Retz. obs. 1. p. 35. Flowers purple, with paler wings. Box-Uaccd Poda\yr\a.. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1790. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 7 P. STYRACiFOLiA (SiiTis, bot, iTiag. 1580.)leaves oval or ob- ovate, mucronate, pubescent, reticulated beneath ; pedicels 1- flowered, about equal in length to the leaves ; calyx clothed with rusty tonientum ; vexillum reflexed, broadly emarginate. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. P. calyptrata, Willd. spec. 2. p. 504. Sophora calyptrata, Retz. obs. 1. p. 36. Hypocaly'ptus calyptratus, Thunb. fl. cap. 568. Flowers pale- purple. Styrax-haved Podalyria. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1792. Sh. 6 ft. 8 P. GLAu'cA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 102.) leaves oval, glabrous above, and silky beneath ; pedicels 1-flowered, much longer than the leaves. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Hypocalyptus glaiicus, Thunb. fl. cap. 569. P. buxifolia. Lam. diet. 5. p. 445. ill. 327. f. 4. Flowers pale-purple. Glaucous Podalyria. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1810. Slirub 4 to 6 feet. 9 P. coRu'scANS (Reichb. ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 171.) leaves nearly sessile, crowded, ovate-lanceolate, acute, clothed on both surfaces with silky villi ; flowers axillary, nearly sessile. T; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Gliltering Podalyria. Fl. July, Aug. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. * * Peduncles 2-Jlon'ered. 10 P. arge'ntea (Salisb. par. lond. t. 7.) leaves oval, acute, silky on both surfaces, marginate ; peduncles 2-3-flowered, longer than the leaves ; calyxes tomentose, rather scabrous. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. P. biflora, Sims, bot. mag. 753. Sophora biflora var. Retz. obs. 1. p. 3(). Burm. fl. cap. prod. p. 12. Lam. ill. 327. f. 3. Hypocalyptus pedunculatus, Thunb. fl. cap. 569. Flowers white, according to Sims, or pur- plish at the margin of the vexillum, or pale-pink. Siltery Podalyria. Fl. Feb. June. Clt. 1789. Shrub 3 to 6 ft. 1 1 P. UPARioiDES (D. C. prod. 2. p. 102.) leaves oval, acutish, silky on both surfaces ; peduncles 2-flowered, much longer than the leaves ; calyx clothed with oppressed silky down. f; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very like the preceding species, but differs in the leaves being much more silky, by the calyx being clothed with oppressed pubescence, not hairy, and by the corolla being flesh-coloured. ii;jarin-/(7;e Podalyria. Fl. Feb. June. Clt. 1820. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 12 P. SUBBIFLORA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 102.) leaves oval, mu- cronidate, pubescent on both surfaces, and reticulated beneath ; peduncles 1-2-flowered, longer than the leaves ; calyxes clothed with rusty appressed pubescence. Ij . G. Native of tlic Cape of Good Hope. Sophora biflora, var. Rets. I.e. Flowers pale- purple. Perhaps the three last species are merely varieties of one plant. Somcwhat-lno-Jloyvercd Podalyria. Fl. Feb. July. Clt. 1810. Shrid) 3 to 6 feet. 13 P. coRDATA (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 8.) leaves cordate, roundish, nearly sessile, very villous ; peduncles 2-flowered , calyxes villous, with the segments shorter than the wings. (j . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purplish. C'orf/a/c-leaved Podalyria. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1794. Shrul) 3 to 4 feet. 14 P. RACEMULosA (D. C. j>rod. 2. p. 102.) leaves oval, mu- cronulate, clothed with appressed silky pubescence on both sur- faces ; peduncles twice the length of the leaves, 2-4-flowered ; calyxes clothed with appressed, silky, rusty pubescence. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lobes of calyx bluntish. Corolla pale-purple. Raccmulose-QovievcA Podalyria. .Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 15 P. PARViFLORA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 102.) leaves ovate, acute, tomentose ; peduncles very short, 1-2-flowered ; legume ovate, tumid. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crotalaria parviflora, Thunb. fl. cap. 571. Small-JIorvered Podalyria. .Siirub. Cult. A genus of elegant silky shrubs. The species thrive best in a mixture of loam and peat, and young cuttings will root if planted in a pot of sand, with a bell or hand-glass placed over them, but they are usually increased by seeds. XIII. CHORIZE'MA (derived from x°P"^> choros, a.dance, and ff/io, zema, a drink. This plant was originally discovered by Labillardiere upon the south-west coast of New Holland, at the foot of the mountains near a spot where, after being tanta- lized with finding many salt springs, his party had just met with an ample supply of fresh water. This welcome refreshment, of which he speaks feelingly in his book, seems to have suggested the name). Labill. voy. 1. p. 405. R. Br. in hort. kew. p. 8. D. C. prod. 2. p. 102. Chorozematis spec. Smith in Lin. soc. trans. 9. p. 251. Lin. syst. DecAndria, Monogynia. Calyx half 5-cleft, bila- biate, upper lip bifid, lower one 3-parted. Keel of flower ven- tricose, shorter than the wings. Style short, hooked, crowned by an obliquely-obtuse stigma. Legume ventricose, 1 -celled, many-seeded, sessile or subsessile. — Australian subshrubs, with alternate, simple, sinuately-toothed, or entire leaves. 1 C. iLiciFOLiA (Labill. voy. 1. p. 405. t. 21.) leaves pinna- tifidly-toothed, spinose, oblong-lanceolate, with an entire acu- men, which is longer tiian the teeth ; bracteolcs at the top of the pedicels. )i . G. Native of New Holland, on the south- west coast. A diffuse spreading shrub, pubescent on the branches and lower surface of the leaves. Flowers red, with the vexillum yellow at the base. //o/?)/-/c«!cd Chorizema. Fl. Mar. Oct. Clt. 1803. Shrub 1 foot, straggling. 2 C. na'na (Sims, bot. mag. 1032.) leaves sinuately-toothed, spiny, oblong, with an entire acumen, which is equal in length with the teeth, ratiier obtuse ; bracteoles below the apex of the pedicel. Tj . G. Native with the first. Pultena?"a nana, Andr. bot. rep. 434. Flowers red, with the vexillum yellow at the b.ise. Zfn'aj/Chorizema. Fl. Mar. Oct. Shrub str.aggling. 3 C. RHOMBEA (R. Br. in hort. kew. 3. p. 9.) leaves quite entire, flat, mucronate, lower ones rhomboidal-orbicular, upper ones elliptic-lanceolate; peduncles few-flowered; legumes large, oblong, reticulated. fj . G. Native with the two preceding. Sweet, fl. aust. 40. Flowers with dark copper-coloured wings Q 2 116 LEGUMINOSjE. XIII. Chorizema. XIV. Podolobium. XV. Oxylobium. and keel, and with the vexillum orange-coloured, with a yellow base. R/iomboid-leaved Chorizema. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1803. Shrub procumbent. 4 C. pLATYi.oBioinES (D. C. prod. 2. p. 103.) leaves quite entire, flat, ovate, acuminated, reticulated, smooth above, younger ones as well as calyxes clothed with hoary villi ; flowers 2-3, axillary, nearly sessile; ovary very villous. ►j.G. Native of New Holland. Platylobium reticulitum, Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 371. Calyx 5-cleft. Stamens 10, distinct. Perhaps a proper genus. J'l/ih/lol/ium-like Chorizema. Shrub 2 feet. .•) ('. Baxteri (Graham, in edinb. new phil. journ. June, 1831.) leaves somewhat crenate, oblong-lanceolate, farinose above, but beset with adpressed villi beneath ; flowers terminal, disposed in verticillate heads. Tj . G. Native of New Hol- land. Mirbelia Baxteri Hortulan. Lindl. bot. reg. 1431. Stems numerous, much branched, dift'use, slender, covered with adpressed hairs. Corolla yellow. Vexillum reniform, with a dark base. Baxter's Chorizema. Fl. April, Ju. Clt. 1824. Sh. difFusc. 6 C. Henchma'nnii (R. Br. in bot. reg. 986.) plant hoary; leaves acicular ; flowers axillary. ^ . G. Native of New Hol- land. Flowers beautiful scarlet. Henchmann's Chorizema. Fl. April, Ju. Clt. 1824. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. Cult. A genus of pretty little shrubs. An equal mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit the species. Young cuttings, ])lante(l in a pot of sand with a bell-glass placed over them, will strike root. Seeds of many of the species ripen in abund- ance, by which the plants may easily be increased. XIV. PODOLO~BIUM (from Ttove -kocoq, fous jiodos, a.ioot, and Xo/5or, lobos, a pod ; in allusion to the legume standing on a stalk within the calyx). R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 9. U. C. Leg. mem. V. Chorozematis, spec. Smith. Lin. syst. Decandria, Monogijnia. Calyx 5-cleft, bilabiate, upper lip bifid, lower lip 3-parted. Carina compressed, length of wings, and about equal to the wide vexillum. Ovary 4- seeded. Style ascending. Stigma simple. Legume pedicel- late, linear-oblong, rather ventricose, smooth inside. — Small shrubs, with the habit of Chorizema. S 1. Leaves opposite, lobed, spiny. — False Chorizemas. 1 P. trilobVtum (R. Br. 1. c. Sims, bot. mag. 1477.) leaves opposite, spiny-toothed, somewhat 3-lobed, with a transverse base ; lateral lobes much shorter than the terminal one, which is entire or toothed ; ovary silky. Tj . G. Native of New South \V.ales. Chorozema trilobituni, Smith, in Lin. trans. 9. p. 253. Pidtenoc'a ilicifolia, Andr. bot. rep. 320. Racemes axdlary, shorter than the leaves. Flowers yellow, with the keel and vexillum red at the base. Leaves coriaceous, usually pu- bescent beneath. l'hiec-lobcd-\ca\eH Podolobium. Fl. April, Julv. Clt 179" Shrub 1 to 2 feet. j ■ ~. 2 P. stauroi'iiy'llum (Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 393 ) leaves opposite, trifid ; lobes about eqtial, entire, spiny at the apex ; ovary smooth. Ij . G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern coast. Lindl. bot. reg. 959. P. aquif^lium, Lodd. cat. Leaves coriaceous, quite smooth. This plant is sometimes confused with the jireceding in herbaria. CroM-Zcated Podolobium. Fl. Mar. April. Clt 18"" SI, 1 to 3 feet. '"~' ' § 2. Leaves opposite, quite entire, unarmed.— False Da- viesias. 3 P. SCAH1.ENS (D.C. prod. 2. p. 103.) leaves opposite, ob- long-elliptic, quite entire, mucronate ; ovary villous. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern coast. Chorozema scfindens. Smith, in Lin. soc. trans. 9. p. 253. A smooth climb- ing shrub, with terminal racemes of flowers, and with the calyx clothed with adpressed pubescence. Wings equal in length to the carina, but shorter than the vexillum. Davi^sia umbellata, Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 392. but not of Smith. Flowers yellow. C limbitig Vodo]ohium. Fl. June. Clt. 1824. Shrub el. 4 P. HUMiFu'suM ; leaves opposite ; ovate-elliptic, quite en- tire ; stems procumbent ; ovary villous. Tj . G. Native of New Holland. Daviesia humifi^sa, Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 392. but not of Smith. Flowers yellow. Trailing Podoloh'mm. Fl. April, Ju. Clt. 1824. Sh. proc. 5 P. sERiuEUM (D. C. prod. 2. p. 103.) leaves somewhat al- ternate, elliptic; racemes axillary, length of leaves; caly.x silky ; vexillum narrow ; ovary bristly. fj . G. Native of New Hol- land, at King George's Sound. Chorozema sericeum. Smith, in Lin. trans. 9. p. 253. Shrub climbing, with the upper leaves opposite. Calyx campanulate. Flowers yellow. Silkij-calyxed Podolobium, Shrub cl. § 3. Leaves alternate. — False Ojcylobiums. 6 P. coria'ceum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 103.) leaves alternate, roundish-elliptic, refuse, coriaceous ; umbels axillary, stalked ; calyx hairy. J^ • G. Native of New Holland, with the pre- ceding species. Chorozema coriaceum, Smith, 1. c. An erect stiflT shrub. Leaves with cartilaginous margins and reticulately veined above. Flowers yellow. C'oj-iffceo!«-leaved Podolobium. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 7 P. ? acicula'ke (D. C. in ann. sc. nat. 4. p. 98.) leaves alternate, linear, with a pungent taper-point, and with revolute edges, glabrous, reticulated with transverse veins above ; branches and pedicels pubescent. I^ . G. Native of New Hol- land, on the eastern coast. A much-branched shrub, with stiffly spreading leaves, bearing small branches and leaves in the axillae, hence the leaves appear ternate. Legume stipitate, ovate, 12- 16-sceded, pubescent outside and smooth inside. Calyx 5- cleft, tapering to the base, bibracteolate. Perhaps a proper genus, but the corolla is unknown. Perhaps a species of O.ry- iobium. Acicular-\ca.\eA Podolobium. Shrub 1 foot. Cult. An elegant genus of small shrubs. The species will thrive best in an equal mixture of peat, loam, and sand, and young cuttings will root if planted in a pot of sand, with a bell-glass placed over them. Seeds sometimes ripen, by which the plants may also bo propagated. The plants grow much better and flower more freely if planted in the ground in a con- servatory, than if grown in pots. XV. OXYLO'BIUIM (from o^vq, oxys, sharp, and Xofiog, lobos, a pod ; in allusion to the pods or legumes having a sharp point). Andr. bot. rep. 492. B. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 9. LiN. syst. Decandria, Monogijnia. Calyx profoundly 5- cleft(f. 23. a.), somewhat bilabiate. Carina compressed, length of wings (f. 23. b.), but about equal in length to the broad vexillum. Stamens inserted in the torus or in the bottom of the calyx. Style ascending, crowned by a simple stigma (f. 23. c). Legume sessile or subsessile, many-seeded, ventricose, ovate, acute. Small Australian shrubs, with 3 or 4 entire leaves in a whorl. Flowers disposed in corymbs, yellow. 1 O. aubore'scens (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves linea linear-lanceolate ; LEGUMINOSiE. XV. Oxylobium. XVI. Callistachvs. XVII. Braciivsema. 117 FIG petlicc'ls having permanent bracteas at their apex ; corymbs of Howers crowded ; legume hardly longer than the calyx. ^ . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Ker. hot. reg. 392. Lodd. bot. cab. 1G3. Sims, bot. mag. 24-42. Flowers yellow. .,^r6i)resce«< Oxylobium. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1805. Shrub 3 to a feet. 2 O. Ei-Li'i'TiciM (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves oval-oblong, mucro- nate ; pedicels having caducous bracteoks beneatli their apex ; corymbs crowded ; legume twice the length of the calyx on a short stipe. Jj . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Gom- pholobium elli])ticum, Labill. nov. hoU. spec. 1. p. IfiG. t. 13.'5. Calh'stachys elliptica, Vent. malm. 115. Flowers yellow. Le- gume villous. Elliplic-havcA Oxylobium. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1805. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 3 O. RETu'suM (R. Br. in bot. reg. 913.) leaves oblong, re- tuse, coriaceous, reticulated, glabrous ; corymbs axillary, stalked, crowded, shorter than the leaves. ^ . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers orange-coloured. Chorozema coriaceuni. Smith. Podolobium, D. C. ? /Jt/«.5c-leaved Oxylobium. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. Sh. 1 to 3 feet. 4 O. CORDIFOLIUM (Andr. bot. rep. 492.) leaves ovate, cor- date, rather pilose ; umbels terminal, sessile. Tj . G. Native of New South Wales. Sims, bot. mag. 1544. Lodd. bot. cab. 937. Flowers of a coppery-red colour. Cordate-leaved Oxylobium. Fl. Aj)ril, Sept. Clt. 1807. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 5 O. OBTUsirOLiuM (Sweet, fl. austr. 5.) leaves oblong-linear, obtuse, smooth above, but clothed with silky tomentum beneath, with revolute edges ; corymbs loose, verticillately racemose ; pedicels wiih permanent bracteoles at the apex ; calyx clothed with silky tomentum ; wings of corolla re- flexed. Ij . G. Native of New Holland, at King George's Sound. Flowers with carina and wings crimson, and with the vexillum deep orange-coloured, and yellow at the base. Oblusc-leavcd Oxylobium. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1825. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 6 O. spiNosuM (D. C. prod. 2. p. 104.) leaves broadly-ovate, with the middle nerve terminating in a long spine ; stipulas spiny, short. Jj . G. Native of New Holland. Leaves 3 in a whorl, glabrous. Bracteoles 2, pressed to the base of the 5-cleft calyx. Keel, wings, and vexillum about equal in length. Siiintj Oxylobium. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1825. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 7 O. Pultene\e (D. C. leg. mem. 5. prod. 2. p. 104.) leaves 3 or 4 in a whorl, or alternate, linear, rather obtuse, with revo- lute margins, glabrous, but with the middle nerve as well as branches pubescent ; flowers pedicellate, umbellate ; pedicels furnished with deciduous bracteoles in the middle. ^2 • G. Native of New Holland. Pultenae'a sylvdtica, Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 403. Calyx 5-cleft, permanent, with the short tube girding the fruit, the lobes reflexed. Stamens and petals deciduous, hypogynous. Ovary sessile, containing 8 ovula. Funicle dilated into a strophiola. Perhaps a proper genus. Flowers dark-orange. Pultcneys OxyXohinm. Fl. Mar. Clt. 1824. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. Cult. Elegant shrubs, re([uiring the same treatment as that recommended for Podolobium, see p. IIG, XVI. CALLI'STACHYS (from /.aXXor, callos, beauty, and aTa\vr, slachys, a spike ; in allusion to the fine spikes of yellow flowers). Vent. malm. 115. I). C. prod. 2. p. 104. — Callistachya, Smith, in Lin. trans. 9. p. 26C. LiN. SYST. Decdndria, iMunofiynia. Calyx bilal)iatc; upper lip bifid, lower one 3-parted. Vexillum erect, longer than the keel and wings, which are about equal in length. Stamens in- serted in the disk. Style incurved. Stigma simple, acute. Legume stipitate, woody, dehiscent at the apex, young ones many-celled, but with the transverse dissepiments at length va- nishing.— Elegant Australian shrubs, with entire leaves, which are either scattered or disposed in whorls, silky on the under surface, and with long terminal racemes of yellow flowers. Calyxes and fruit very villous. 1 C. lanceola'ta (Vent. malm. t. 115.) leaves lanceolate, acuminated, scattered, opposite, or 3 or 4 disposed in a whorl. fj . G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern coast. Ker. bot. reg. 216. LaHceolateAeavei Callistachys. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1815. Shrul) 3 to 4 feet. 2 C. ova'ta (Sims, bot. mag. 1925.) leaves obovate, mucro- nulate, usually disposed 3 in a whorl. (^ . G. Native of New Holland. Ofrt/e-leaved Callistachys. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1815. Shrub 3 to G feet. 3 C. linari/efolia (Hortulan.) leaves linear-lanceolate, scat- tered, or disposed in whorls. Pj.G. Native of New Holland. Toad-Jlat-leaved Callistachys. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 4 C. CUNEA TA (Smith, in Lin. trans. 9. p. 2G7.) leaves wedge- shaped, emarginate ; peduncles axillary, solitary, longer than the leaves, i^.. G. Native of New Holland. An herbaceous dwarf plant. Calyx pilose. Flowers large, yellow, but with the keel purple. This species, according to Mr. R. Brown, should be removed from this genus, but its real situation in the order is uncertain. //'erfge-leaved Callistachys. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 ft. Cult. See Poduloblum for culture and propagation, p. IIC. XVII. BRACHYSFMA (from l3paxvc, bracliys, short, and arifia, sema, a standard ; the standard of the flower is very short). R. Br. in hort. kew. vol. 3. p. 10. D. C. prod 2. p. 105. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogijnia. Calyx 5-cleft, a little unequal, with a ventricose tube. Vexillum shorter than the wings and keel, which are compressed and about equal in length. Ovary with its pedicel girded by a little sheath at the base. Style filiform, elongated. Legume ventricose, many-seeded. — Elegant Australian, pi'ocumbcnt, or climbing shrubs, with alter- nate, oval, or ovate, entire, mucronate leaves, which are silky on the under surface, and axillary and terminal few-flowered racemes. 1 B. LATiFoLiuM (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves ovate, flat, silky be- neath ; calyx bractless at the base, 4-times shorter than the pct.ils ; vexillum ol)long-obovate. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, on the south-west coast. Ker. bot. reg. 1 IS. Sims, bot. mag. 2008. Flowers large, scarlet. Broad-leaved Brachysema. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1803. Shrub procumbent or climbing. 2 B. iiNDULATUM (Kcr. bot. reg. 642.) leaves elliptic, undu- lated ; calyx bracteolate luider the base, 3-times shorter than the petals ; vexillum oblong, cordate, convolute, and bluntisli above. fj . G. Native of New South Wales, in the interior of the country. Lodd. bot. cab. 778. Ker. bot. reg. G42. Flowers greenish-yellow, inconspicuous. /Faierf-leaved Brachysema. FL Mar. May. Clt. 1820. Sh. pr. 118 LEGUMINOS^. XVIII. GoMriioLOBiuM. Cult. For culture and propagation see Podolbh'mm, p. 1 1 6. how- ever, tlie species of this genus are easiest propagated by layers. XVIII. GOMPHOLO'BIUM (from yo//^of, gomjihos, a club, and Xo/jor, lohos, a pod ; in reference to the shape of the pod being like that of a club or wedge). Smith, in Lin. trans. 4. p. 220. 9. p. 249. R. Br. in hort. kcw. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 11. Lin. svst. Dccaiidria, Monogijnia. Calyx 5-parted, nearly equal. Carina of 2 concrete petals. Vexillum broad. Stigma simple. Legume many-seeded, nearly spherical, very blunt. — Australian stiff shrubs, with alternate, compound leaves, stand- ing on short petioles. Pods glabrous both inside and outside. Pedicels furnislied witli 2 bracteoles in the middle, or at the base. Calyx usually finely fringed with wool. Flowers yellow. 1 G. glauce'scens (Cung. in Fields' new south wales, p. 340.) leaves ternate ; leaflets linear, mucronate, with revolute mar- gins ; branchlets angular, glabrous ; keel of flower beardless ; calyx length of corolla before the expansion of the vexillum. Ij . G. Native of New Holland, on the Blue Mountains. Glaucesccnl Gompholobium. Fl. April, Jul. Clt. 1824. Sh. |ft. 2 G. BAKBiGERUM (D. C. prod. 2. p. 105.) leaves ternate; leaflets linear, acutish ; stem erect ; branches angular ; keel bearded along the suture ; vexillum large, longer than the calyx and keel. Ij . G. Native of New Holland. G. fimbriatum, Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. hoU. no. 36. but not of Smith. Flowers golden-yellow, about an inch in length, larger than those of G. grandtflhrum. -Bcarf/erf-keeled Gompholobium. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1 824. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 3 G. GRANDuaoRUM (Smith, in Lin. trans. 9. p. 249. exot. bot. t. 5.) leaflets 3, linear, acute ; stem erect ; branches an- gular ; keel beardless ; vexillum twice the length of the calyx and carina. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern coast. Ker. bot. reg. 484. Flowers large, yellow. Leaflets hardly a line broad, but nearly an inch long. Var, ft, sciifdliiim (Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 363.) leaflets narrow- linear, somewhat revolute and bristle-formed. Pj . G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern coast. Grcat-fowered Gomi^holohhxm. Fl. Mar. Sept. Clt. 1803. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 4 G. virga'tum (Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 360.) leaflets 3, linear, obtuse ; stem erect ; branches nearly terete ; carina of flower beardless ; vexillum hardly longer than the calyx and keel. Ij . G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern coast. The habit of the plant is that of G. latifdlium, but the keel of the flower is beardless. Twiggy Gom])ho]ohmm. Fl. Mar. Dec. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 5 G. latif6lium (Smith, in Lin. soc. trans. 9. p. 249.) leaflets 3, cuneate-linear, or oblong-linear ; stem erect ; keel fringed ; calyx reflexed when in fruit. fj . G. Native of New HolTand, on the eastern coast. K. Br. in hort. kew. 3. p. 11. Labill. nov. holl. t. 133. G. fimbriJitum, Smith, exot. bot. t. 58. G. psoralea-folium, Salisb. par. t. 6. Leaflets 1-2 lines broad, and (i-12 lines long. Flowers large, yellow. Broad-leaved Gompholobium. Fl. Mar. Sept. Clt. 1803. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. (i G. MARGINATUM (R. Br. 1. c.) leaflets 3, obovate, margi- nated, flat ; stipulas equal in length to the petioles ; corolla length of calyx. ?t . G. Native of New Holland, on the southern coast. Marghiatc-\ea\ei\ Gompholobium. Fl. March, Sept. Clt. 1803. Slirub 1 foot. . f c 7 G. rEDUNctJLA'RE(D.C. prod. 2. p. 105.) leaflets 3, with somewliat revolute margins, lower ones obovate, mucronate, upper ones lanceolate-linear, acuminated ; stipulas length of petioles ; stems diffiise ; pedicels much longer than the leaves, and bibracteolate at the apex ; corolla longer than the calyx. Ij . G. Native of the eastern coast of New Holland. Stems somewhat herbaceous. Legume oval, rather compressed. This plant, along with the following species, will probably form a distinct genus. Pedunculate-Cowered Gompholobium. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1824. PI. i foot. 8 G. TETRATHECoiDES (Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. 359.) leaflets 3. linear, with subrevolute margins ; branches terete, hispid from short down ; pedicels scarcely longer than the leaves ; carina beardless, and is as well as the vexillum hardly longer than the calyx, fj . G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern coast. Leaves on short stalks ; leaflets 2 lines long. Telralheca-like Gom^holohium. Fl. April, Jidy. Clt. 1824. Shrub i to 1^ foot. 9 G. poLYMoRPHUM (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 11.) leaflets 3-5, linear, or oblong-cuneated, mucronate, with recurved margins ; stem procumbent, weak, twining ; stipulas shorter than the petioles ; pedicels much longer than the leaves, bibracteolate, both at the base and the apex or in the middle. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, on the south-west coast. Vexillum large, scarlet on the inside with a yellow base, and purplish on the outside. G. grandiflorum, Andr. bot. rep. 642. ex Sims, bot. mag. 1533. Polymorphus Gompholobium. Fl. Mar. Aug. Clt. 1803. Shrub ;j to 1 foot. * * Leaves inqjari-jvnnate. 10 G. TOMENTOSUM (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 106. t. 134.) leaves irapari-pinnate, with 2-4 pairs of leaflets ; leaflets awl- shaped-linear, mucronate, scabrous above ; peduncles usually solitary ; calyx hairy, shorter than the legume ; keel ciliated, with silky hairs. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast, and in Van Diemen's Land. R. Br. in hort. kew. 3. p. 12. Shrub tomentose. Tomen/oie Gompholobium. Fl. April, Jul. Clt. 1803. Sh. 1 ft. 11 G. LANA^TUM (Cung. mss. ex G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 163.) branches and leaves villous; leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets linear-subulate, with revolute edges ; pedicels solitary, shorter than the leaves, terminal or axillary at the tops of the branches ; keel bearded. It . G. Native of New Holland. Corolla twice the length of the calyx, of a coppery-yellow colour. JVoolly Gompholobium. Fl. Mar. Ju. Clt. 1824. Sh. i to 1 ft. 12 G. glaera'tum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 106.) leaves impari- pinnate, with 2-3 pairs of linear -subulate leaflets, with revolute edges ; peduncles usually solitary ; calyx glabrous, one-half shorter than the legume, ^ . G. Native of New Holland. Branches lepidotted with tubercles. Leaflets approximate along the petiole. Legume ovate. Calyx glabrous on the outside, cdiated along the margins of the lobes with fine wool. Corolla unknown. ,S'moo(/i Gompholobimn. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. i to 1 foot. 13 G. heterophy'elum (Cung. mss.) leaves trifoliate or im- pari-pinnate, usually with 3-5 or 7 leaflets, which are obovate, lanceolate, or linear, all mucronate, terminal one broadest, perfectly glabrous ; racemes short, terminal ; pedicels rather longer than the bracteas, which are linear. ^ . G. Native of New Holland. Keel beardless ? Flowers reddish. Var'iahk-leaced Gompholobium. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1823. Shrub ^ foot. 14 G. VENu'sTUM (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 12.) leaves impari-pinnate, with many pairs of leaflets ; leaflets awl- 1 LEGU.MINOS,E. XVIII. Gompholobium. XIX. Burtonia. XX. Jacksokia. XXI. Viminaria. 119 sliapcd, veiny, with revoliite m.irgins, and arc as well as the calyxes glabrous ; corymb stalked, niany-Howcrcd. Ij . G. Native of New Holland, on the soutli-wesl coast. Corolla purple. Bcaul'iful Gompholobium. Fl. April, July. Cit. 1803. Sh. 1 to 3 feet. 15 G. pinna'tum (Smith, in Lin. soc. trans. 9. p. 251.) leaves impari-pinnate, with many pairs of smooth leaflets ; stem terete, flexuous, glabrous. T^ . G. Native of New Holland, near Port Jackson. Plant very small, and probably an annual. P(ii«n> . G. Native of New Holland, on hills about Bathurst. This species is nearlv allied to D. crkifolia. P/iynca-like DdUvynia. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1824. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 10 D. sERi'cEA (Cung. 1. c.) canescent ; flowers usually twin, axillary ; leaves linear, straight, rather terete. h . G. Native of New Holland, around Bathurst. Silky Dillwynia. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1824. Sh. 2 to 3 feet. Sect. II. Xerope'talum (from s';poe, jceros, dry, and 7r£r«\o»', petalon, a petal ; in reference to the petals and stamens being permanent, even when dry). R. Br. in bot. mag. 2247. Petals and stamens permanent even when dry. 11 D. cinera'scens (R. Br. ex Sims, bot. mag. t. 2247.) corymbs terminal, sessile : leaves filiform, spreading, ending in a short innocuous mucrone ; branches and calyxes silky. Tj . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Lodd. bot. cab. 527. D. juni- perina, Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. boll. no. 411. Mucrone of leaves straight. Jar. jj, recurva ; leaves erect, mucrone of leaves somewhat re- curved. R. Br. 1. c. Grcyis/i Dillwynia. Fl. March, July. Clt. 1819. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. f A species not sufficiently knoivn, and the genus to nhich it sliould be referred is extremely doubtful. 12 D. GiYCiKiFOLiA (Smith in Lin. trans. 9. p. 264.) flowers disposed in racemes ; leaves ovate and linear, reticulated, with revolute edges. Ij . G. Native of New Holland, at King George's Sound. Flowers purple. Style curved so much as to form a circle. Stems decumbent. Leaves pungent. Fruit mi- known. Perhaps a species of Chori;:hna, or jierhaps a proper genus. Glycine-leaved Dillwynia, PI. procumbent. Cult. The species of Dillnynia are very elegant shrubs when in flower, and deserve to be cultivated in every collection of VOL. II. greenhouse plants. They should be grown in an equal mix- ture of loam, sand, and l)iat, and the pots should be well draim-d with sherds. Young cuttings root freely in a pot of sand, with a bell-glass placed over them. XXV. EUTA'XIA (from ivra^ia, eutaxia, modesty; in allu- sion to the delicate and modest appearance of the plants when in bloom). R. Br. in hort. kevv. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 16. D. C. prod. 2. p. 109. LiN. SYST. Dccundria, Monogynia. Calyx bilabiate, upper lip somewhat emarginate, lower lip trifid. Vexillum broader than long. Ovary 2-seeded. Style hooked. Stigma capitate. Legume a little vcntricose. Seeds strophiolate. — Smooth Aus- tralian shrubs, with simple opposite leaves, and golden flowers. 1 E. MYRTiFOLiA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate or obovate- lanceolate, mucronate ; pedicels axillary, twin ; appendages of wings very short. Ij . G. Native of New Holland. Dillwynia myrtifolia. Smith in Lin. trans. 9. p. 263. D. obovata, LabilK nov. boll. t. 140. Sims, bot. mag. 1274. Flowers numerous along the branches, elegant, .Stipulas small. Myrtle-leaved Eutaxia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1803. Sh. 2 to 6 feet. 2 E. pu'ngens (Sweet, fl. austr. 28.) leaves scattered or ver- ticillate, acicular, somewhat recurved, ending in a pimgent tnu- crone, glabrous, with revolute margins ; peduncles few-flowered, axillary, crowded ; ovary villous ; branches and pedicels clothed with adpressed canescent down. I;. G. Native of New Hol- land. Dillwynia pungens, Cimg. mss. Branches slender, thickly clothed with acerose leaves. Flowers crowded towards the tops of the branches, yellow, but with a dark-orange circle round the base of the vexillum. /'((Hg-cni-leaved Eutaxia. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1825. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. Cult. The species of Eut&xia are very elegant plants when in flower. For culture and propagation see Ddlrvynta. XXVI. SCLEROTHA'MNUS (from okXiipoq, skleros, hard, and 5ajuioc, thamnos, a shrub; rigid shrubs, with stiff hard leaves). R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 16. D. C. prod. 2. p. 109. Lix. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft, bilabiate, bibracteate at the base. Carina of flower length of wings. Ovary 2-seeded, pedicellate. Style ascending, filiform. Stigma simple. Legume ventricose. Flowers yellow. 1 S. microphy'llus (R. Br. 1. c.) Tj . G. Native of New Holland, on the southern coast. Smallleuved Sclerothamnus. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1803. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. Cult. An elegant jilant when in flower. For its culture and propagation see Dilbvijnia. XXVII. G.VSTROLO'BIUM (from yair-rjp, gaster, the belly, and XnjSoe, lobos, a pod ; in reference to the pods being inflated). R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 16. D. C. prod. 2. p. 110. Lin. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft, bilabiate, bractless. Petals about equal in length. Ovary 2-seeded, pe- dicellate. Style subulate, ascending. Stigma simple. Legume ventricose. Seeds strophiolate.— Australian shrubs, with simple leaves, disposed 4 in a whorl. Stipulas subulate, distinct. Flowers yellow, disposed in a terminal ovate raceme. 1 G. BiLOBUM (R. Br. 1. c.) I7 . G. Native of New Holland, on the south-west coast. Ker. bot. reg. t. 411, Lodd. bot. cab. 70. Turp. diet. sc. nat. with a figure. Leaves uncinate, wedge- shaped, retuse or emarginately 2-lobed, with a mucrone in the notch, silky on the under surface. Legume pedicellate, about equal in length to the tube of the calyx. R 122 LEGUMINOS.E. XXVII. Gastrolobium. XXVIII. Euchilus. XXIX. Pulten^a. Tno-lobe(l-\ea\eA Gastrolobium. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1803. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. Cult. A pretty plant when ia flower. For us culture and propagation see Pulkiue'a. XXVIII. EUCHIXUS (from ev, en, well or good, and x^'^of. cheilos, a lip ; well-lipped, the upper lip of the calyx is very large). R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 17. D. C. prod. 2. p. 110. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogynm. Calyx profoundly 5- cleft, bibracteolate at the base, bilabiate ; lobes of tlie upper lip ovate and large, of ti)e lower one setaceous. Carina length of wini's. Ovary 2-seeded, pedicellate. Style subulate, ascend- ing. Stigma simple. Legume compressed. Seeds strophio- late, with the lobes of the strophiola entire behind. — An Aus- tralian shrub, with opposite, simple, minutely-stipulate leaves. Flowers axillary, pedicellate. Pedicels furnished with 2 seta- ceous bracteoles at their base. 1 E. obcorda'tus (R. Br. 1. c.) Tj . G. Nativeof New Hol- land, on the south-west coast. Ker. bot. reg. t. 403. Lodd. bot. cab. t. GO. Branches terete, canescent. Leaves obcordate or wedge-shaped, villous beneath. Flowers yellow, with a pur- plish keel. Ohcordale-leaved Euchilus. Fl. March, June. Clt. 1803. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. Cult. A very elegant plant ^vhen in flower. For its culture and propagation see I'ultencea. XXIX. PULTEN^'A (in honour of William Pulteney, M.D. author of a view of the writings of Linnaeus, and various other works of merit). Smith, ann. bot. 1. p. 501. Lin. trans. 9. p. 245. R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 17. D. C. mem. leg. V. prod. 2. p. 110. Lin. syst. Decandria, Monogynm. Calyx 5-cleft, bilabiate (f. 24. a.) ; lips equal in length, bibracteolate at the base ; brac- teoles sometimes adhering to the tube. Ovary sessile (f. 24. (Z.), 2-seeded. Style subulate, ascending (f. 24. e.). Stigma simple. Strophiola of seed with the lobes cut behind. — Small neat Aus- tralian shrubs, with simple alternate leaves. .Stipulas usually concrete between the leaves. Flowers yellow, usually disposed in heads at the tops of the branches. Sect. I. Hymenota (from ifoji', hymen, a membrane, ovg U70C, Otis otos, an car ; in reference to the membranous stipulas). D. C. prod. 2. p. 110. Stipulas setaceous, scarious or membra- nous, upper ones usually concrete or dilated. Bracteoles con- forming to the upper sti|)ulas. 1 P. DAniNOiDF.s (Smitli, 1. c.) heads of flowers terminal ; leaves obovate-oblong, flat, quite glabrous, smooth, 3 times longer than broad, ending in a pungent mucrone. I7 . G. Native of New- Holland, on the eastern coast. Andr. bot. rep. 98. Wendl. hort. herrenh. 3. t. 17. Sims, bot. mag. 1394. Leaves nearly an inch long. Dnplinc-lihc l\\\tenxa. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1792. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 2 P. obcorda'ta (Andr. bot. rep. t. 574.) heads of flowers terminal ; leaves cuneatc and obcordate, retuse, flat, quite gla- brous, smooth, scarcely twice longer than broad, ending in a pun- gent mucrone. ?J . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land and New Holland, on the south coast. Leaves half an inch Ion"-. R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 18. 06corrfa(e-leaved Pidtenaea. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1808. Sh. 1 to 3 feet. 3 P. bi'loba (R. Br. in bot. mag. 2091.) heads terminal, few- flowered ; leaves cuneiform, dilated and 2-lobed at the apex, scabrous from tubercles on the upper surface, but silky beneath, ending in a short mucrone, and with the margins recurved. P; . G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern coast. P. sc^bra, R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 18. P. deltoidea, Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. boll. no. 388. Flowers yellow, with a purplish keel. Far. ft, scabra (Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 386.) branches and calyxes clothed with hairy down, not with adpressed villi. Ij . G. Native of New Holland. Leaves a little larger than those of the species. Ttio-lobed-\ea\ed Pultenaea. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1817. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 4 P. ferrugi'nea (Rudge in Lin. trans. 11. p. 300. t. 23.) flowers axillary and terminal ; leaves obovate, and appearing emarginate in consequence of the point being curved back, pilose. Ij . G. Native of New Holland, near Port Jackson. Stipulas subidate, dilated into a membrane. Leaves apparently dotted under a microscope. Branches villous. Ovary pilose. P. lanata, Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 420. Riistij-hairedFiihenaea. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1810. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 5 P. incurva'ta (Cung. in Field's new south wales, p. 346.) heads of flowers terminal, and are, as well as the branches, villous ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, concave, incurved. Ij . G. Native of New Holland, on the margins of peat bogs, on King's Table Land. A slender shrubby plant. Incuned-leaved Pultenaea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. Sh. 1 to 2 feet. 6 P. BACEMULOSA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 111.) flowers axillary, forming a leafy raceme ; leaves obovate-elliptic, obtuse, smooth beneath, but scabrous above ; branches hairy-pubescent. Ij . G. Native of New Holland. The leaves appear full of dots under a microscope, hardly 2 lines long. Like P.ferrug'inea, but dif- fers from it in the disposition of the flowers, as well as from all the rest. Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 594. Racemulose-RowexeHi Pultenaea. Fl, April, June. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 7 P. PARviFLORA (Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 399.) heads terminal, few-flowered ; leaves obovate-cuneated, almost vein- less, glabrous, younger ones clothed with adpressed villi, as well as the branches, all terminating in a short, callose, somewhat re- curved point. Jj . G. Native of New Holland. Stipulas ru- fous, oblong, membranous, adpressed, a line or more long. Leaves 2-3 lines long. Sniall-Jlowered Pultenaa. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1824. Sh. 1 to 3 feet. 8 P. sTRi'cTA (Sims, bot. mag. 1588.) heads of flowers ter- minal ; leaves obovate, mucronate, quite glabrous ; stem straight ; calyxes and legumes pilose. \i . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Lodd. bot. cab. 974. Straight PulteiiEea. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1803. Sh. 1 to 3 ft. 9 P. ELLi'pTicA (Smith in Lin. trans. 9. p. 246.) heads of flowers terminal, roundish, and with oblong ones along the branches ; stem straight ; leaves elliptic or obovate-oblong, con- cave, rather pilose ; stipulas 2, joined in one ; bracteas and calyxes membranous and ciliated ; legume glabrous. Ij . G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern coast. Rudge ii\ Lin. trans. 1. t. 24. Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 394. P. tuberculata, Pers. ench. 1. p. 454. Var. ft, ohlongifoUa (Sieb. I. c. no. 397.) leaves oblong. £W;)^'c-leaved Pultenasa. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1810. Sh. 1 to 3 feet. 10 P. PLUMosA (Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 385.) heads of flowers terminal, roundish ; stem straight, clothed with velvety villi l)etween the leaves ; leaves oblong, concave, veinless, lower ones nearly glabrous, superior ones, especially the floral ones, clothed with silky velvety villi. \i . G. Native of New Hoi- LEGUMINOSiE. XXIX. Pulten;ea. 123 land. Stipulas brown, membranous, erect, ailpressed. Like P. ell'iptica. Feathered Pultensea. Fl. A^iril, Jul. Clt. 1 821. Sli. 1 to 2 ft. 11 1'. TiiYMUoLiA (Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. boll. no. 398.) beads of flowers terminal, roundisb ; stem brancbcd, and ratlier villous; leaves elliptic-obloni^, ratiier concave and veinless, stalked, for tbe most part glabrous, floral ones clotbed witb soft villi, oval, and on longer petioles. Tj . G. Native of New Holland. Calyx clotbed witii silky, long, wbite bairs. r^mc-ZtaccrfPulteneea. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1810. Sb. 1 to 3 feet. 12 P. iivpola'mpra (Sieb. pi. e.Ksic. nov. boll, no. .ODfi.) beads of flowers terminal, leafy, protruding beyond tbe brancbes, and somewbat verticillate ; leaves elliptic-oblong, stalked, ratber acute, usually 3-ncrved, sbining below, and glabrous on both surfaces ; floral ones ciliated, with long wbite hairs. ^ . G. Native of New Holland. Stipulas brown, membranous, longer than tbe petioles, pressed to the stem, hiding the brancbes. Con- sistence and form of leaves very like that of Eutdxia myrti- folia. Brighlkh Pultenaea. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 13 P. villi'fera (Sieb. pi. exsic. no. 396.) flowers axillary or subcapitate at tbe tops of tbe brancbes ; leaves lanceolate- ob- long, acuminated, somewbat 3-nerved, sbining beneath, bearing long wbite hairs on tbe margins. \ . G. Native of New Hol- land, near Port Jackson. Leaves rusty. Hair-bearhig Pultenxa. Fl. April, June. Clt. 182-1. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 11 P. POLYGAL.EFOLIA (Rudge in Lin. trans. 11. p. 303. t. 2j.) flowers axillary and terminal ; leaves linear-oblong, obtuse, mucronulate, concave above, and glabrous, rather pilose beneath, as well as tbe calyxes ; stipulas lanceolate-subulate, adpressed ; branches and brancblets clotbed with rusty villi ; bracteas su- bulate, shorter than the c.-ilyx. tj . G. Native of New Hol- land, in the neighbourhood of Sydney. Sweet, fl. aust. 37. Polygala-leaved Fukensea. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1821. Sb. 2 to 4 feet. 15 P. fle'xilis (Smith in Lin. trans. 9. p. 248.) racemes ter- minal, rather leafy ; leaves obovate-linear, mucronate, flat, glabrous above, and ratber glaucous ; calyx glabrous on the outside, bibracteate at the base, witb the segments ovate, acute, and ciliated ; stipulas setaceous, FIG. 24. longer than the petioles. I^. G. Native of New Holland. Sweet, fl. austr. t. 35. Dillwynia teu- crioides, Sieb. 1. c. no. 423. (f. 24.) Flexile Pultenaea. Fl. April, Ju. Clt. 1801. Sb. 1 to 2 feet. 16 P. EUCHiLA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 112.) flowers axillary and race- mose ; leaves cuneate-linear, ob- tuse, pale beneath, and 1 -nerved, glaucous above, glabrous on both surfaces, as well as the branches and calyxes ; upper lobes of calyx ovate, obliquely and bluntly api- culated ; stipulas and bracteas small and setaceous. V> . G. Na- tive of New Holland. Calyx almost like that of EuchUus. Corolla and style oi PultencEa. Pedicels length of calyx. Dill- wynia cune^ta, Sieb. pi. e.xsic. nov. boll. 422. ' n'ell-lijyped Pultenaea. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1820. Sh. 1 to 3 feet. 17 P. RETUSA (Smith in Lin. trans. 9. p. 248.) beads ter- minal, few-flowered ; leaves linear, retuse, mutic, flat, glabrous ; bracteas a little longer than the calyx. Ij . G. Native of New Holl.and, on tbe eastern coast. Ker. bot. reg. 378. Sims, hot. mag. 2081. Stipulas minute. Bracteoles inserted in tbe middle of the tube of tbe calyx. ifftevc-leaved Pultenaea. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1789. .Sh. 1 to 2 feet. 18 P. CAPITELLA^TA (Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. boll. no. 413.) beads of flowers terminal, imbricated with bracteas, villous ; leaves cuneated, ratber acute, glabrous above, and canescent from ad- pressed villi beneath. ^ . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers broader and heads smaller than in /'. linopliijlla. Ccij)itellate-f{o\\ ered PulteuKa. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1823. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 19 P. linophy'lla (Smith in Lin. trans. 9. p. 248.) bracteas shorter than tbe few-flowered terminal bead ; leaves linear, witb edges and mucrone recurved, silky beneath ; stipulas shorter than the petioles ; calyxes villous. I7 . G. Native of New- Holland, on tbe eastern coast. Schrad. sert. hannov. 3. t. 18. P. glaucescens, Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. boll. no. 417. Stem much branched. Leaves half an inch long. Far. /3, amce'na (Sieb. 1. c. no. 414.) brancbes more loose; heads few-flowered. Flax-leaved VuXtenasa. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1789. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 20 P. cane'scens (Cung. in Field's new south wales, p. 346.) beads many-flowered ; bracteas a little shorter than the calyx ; leaves linear-oblong, concave and glabrous above, but canescent beneath, as well as tbe bracteas and calyx ; stems tufted, tj . G. Native of New Holland, on the Blue Mountains, in barren woods on the verge of swamps. Canescent VxAienxa. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1822. Sh. 1 ft. 21 P. POLIFOLIA (Cung. 1. c.) heads many-flowered; leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong-linear, mucronate, with revolute mar- gins ; brancbes and beads of flowers villous ; bracteas a little shorter than the calyx. T; . G. Native of New Holland, on bushy bills. Poi/wm-Zeauerf Pultenaea. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1824. Sb. 1 to 2 feet. 22 P. microphy'lla (Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. boll. no. 418.) flowers axillary and somewhat capitate at the topsof the branches ; leaves linear and somewhat cuneated, terminated by a short, callous, somewbat incurved mucrone, glabrous above, but clothed witb minute, pressed pubescence beneath as well as tbe calyxes ; branches hoary from adpressed down. f; . G. Native of New Holland. Small-leatedVu\t.ex\xa. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1810. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 23 P. palea'cea (Smith, in Lin. trans. 9. p. 246.) be.ads ter- minal, few-flowered ; bracteas membranous, very much acumin- ated, exceeding the calyx ; leaves linear, glabrous, witb revolute margins, ending in a recurved point ; stipulas concrete, membra- nous, somewbat sheathing. Ij . G. Native of New Holland, on the east coast. Lodd. bot. cab. 3. t. 291. Chaffy \\\\tenxa. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1789. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 21 P. ARISTA TA (Sieb. pl.'exs. nov. boll. no. 283.) beads of flowers terminal ; leaves linear, convolute, nerveless, scabrous from tubercles beneath and ciliated at tlie base, bracteate at apex, and each as well as thecalycine lobes ending in a stiff bristle; calyxes villous. V^ . G. Native of New Holland. Leaves crowded, erect. Stipulas long, subulate, and are as well a^ tbe bristles fuscous. y4«'nef/-leaved Pultenaea. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1821. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 2.5 P. eciii'kula (Sieb. pi. exs. nov. boll. no. 384.) heads of flowers terminal ; leaves crowded, rather incurved, terete, and R 2 124 LEGUMINOSiE. XXIX. Pulten.ea. XXX. Daviesia. subulate, mucronate, scabrous from tubercles, with one furrow above, floral ones bearing long hairs. Ij . G. Native of New Holland. Stipulas subulate, permanent, black, and stiff, parti- cularly on the old heads, in which they appear like spines. Stipulas and bracteas crowded. Small prickly Pnheneea. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1823. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 26 P. ARGENTEA (Cung. in Field's new south wales, p. 347.) heads terminal, villous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, mutic, acute, rather concave above and glabrous, but silvery beneath. >j , G, Native of New Holland, on hills at Cox's River. *;/iT/-y-leaved PulteuEea. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 27 P. procu'mbens (Cung. 1. c.) branches prostrate, stipula- ceous ; racemes leafy ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, rather concave above, ending in a refracted mucrone, but villous be- neath as well as the calyxes. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, on exposed hills on the western interior. Allied to P. villbsa, A reclining shrub. Procumbent Vu\\.en?ea. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. Sh. pr. 28 P. VESTiTA (R. Br. in hort. kevv. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 19.) flowers axillary ; leaves linear-lanceolate, mucronate, glabrous, with inflexeJ margins ; stipulas imbricate, ciliated ; calyxes and bracteas awned. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, on the southern coast. CVuMerf Pulteneea. Fl. April, Ju. Clt. 1803. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 29 P. DENTATA (LabiU. nov. hoU. 1. p. 103. t. 131.) heads of flowers terminal ; bracteas rather orbicular, toothed, length of calyx ; leaves linear, tubercled, glabrous ; stipulas distinct, mi- nute. Ij . G. Native of New Holland in Van Leuwin's Land. Legume ovate, acuminated, gibbous. !/'oojllo?i, a leaf, and ovg wtoc, oils o'.os, an ear ; in allusion to the twin leafy bracteas). D. C. prod. 2. p. 113. Stipidas wanting. Flowers bearing oppo- site or twin, leafy bracteas at the base, which are usually longer than the calyx. Pods unknown. Perhaps a proper genus. 37 P. a'spera (Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 408.) flowers axillary at the tops of the branches, disposed in terminal, capi- tate, leafy spikes ; bracteoles length of calyx ; leaves linear, with revolute margins, smoothish above but scabrous beneath from tubercles, without stipulas ; branches and calyxes pubes- cent. Ij . G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern coast. Bracteoles oval-oblong, glabrous. Lobes of calyx acute. Shrub, with the habit of Dillwymajlorihimda. Rough Pidtenjea. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1824. Sh. 1 to 3 ft. 38 P. coMosA (Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 407.) flowers axillary, disposed in a somewhat terminal leafy spike ; bracteoles longer than the calyx ; leaves exstipulate, linear, with revolute margins, scabrous from tubercles above, but clothed beneath with adpressed pubescence as well as the calyxes and branches. l2 . G. Native of New Holland. Shrub almost with the habit o( Abtus virgala. Tufted PultenEea. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1825. Sh. 1 to 3 ft. 39 P. squarrosa (Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 40G.) flowers axillary, disposed in a leafy terminal head ; leaves exstipulate, linear, acute, with revolute margins, scabrous from tubercles above, young and floral ones villous and mucronate ; bracteoles longer than the calyx ; lobes of calyx ending in spiny mucrones. ^2 ■ G. Native of New Holland. Squarrose Pultenaea. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1825. Sh. 1 to 3 ft. 40 P. PHYLicoiDEs (Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. lioll. no. 405.) heads terminal, roundish ; leaves linear, bluntish, with revolute mar- gins, scabrous from tubercles above, but ])ubescent beneath on the nerves and on the branches ; bracteoles length of calyx ; lobes of calyx short, bluntish. Pj . G. Native of New Holland. P/( (//;ca-/i/rc Pultensea. Fl. April, Ju. Clt. 1822. Sh. 1 to 3 ft. 41 P. ca'ndida (Lodd. bot. cab. 1236.) flowers axillary, very small ; leaves linear, obtuse, crowded, beset with long hairs, as well as the branches, giving the whole plant a white or hoary aspect. \2 • G. Native of New South Wales. Flowers yellow, tinged with red. ff 7«7e-leaved Pultensea. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1825. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. Cult. Pullence'a is a genus of elegant small shrubs ; they succeed best in an equal mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and cuttings root readily in a pot of sand, with a bell-glass placed over them. The species shew to most advantage when planted out into a border or conservatory. XXX. DAVIESIA (in honour of the Rev. Hugh Davies, F.L.S. a Welsh botanist). Smith, in Lin. trans. 4. p. 222. 9. p. 255. R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 20. Lin. svst. Dccuudria, Monogynia. Calyx angular, bract- less, 5-toothed, somewhat bilabiate. Carina shorter than the LEGUMINOSiE. XXX. Daviesia. XXX. Mirbeua. 125 vexillum. Ovary pedicellate, 2-seeded. Style straight. Stigma simple. Legume compressed, angular, bursting elastically at tlie lower suture, which is dilated, almost semi-tra))e7.oid. Stro- phiola of seeds entire behind. — Smooth Australian, spiny, or unarmed shrubs, with the appearance of furze. Leaves either simple or wanting. Pedicels axillary, bibracteate at the base. Flowers usually yellow. * Leaves oval, oblong, or lanceolate, unarmed. 1 D. latifolia (R. Br. in hort. kew. 3. p. 20.) leaves ellip- tic or oval, veiny, rather tapering to the base, mucronate, and are unarmed as well as the branches ; racemes axillary, many- llowered, a little shorter than the leaves. Ti . G. Native of Van Diemcn's Land. Sims, hot. mag. 1757. Flowers yellow, with the vexillum copper-coloured, spotted. Bracteoles numer- ous along the peduncles under the raceme. Broad-leaved Daviesia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1S05. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 2 D. coKVMBOSA (Smith, in Lin. trans. 9. p. 258.) leaves linear-oblong, flat, apiculated by a callous mucrone, and are as well as the branches unarmed ; racemes solitary or twin, 3- times shorter than the leaves, having many bracteas at the base, and bearing a corymb of flowers at the apex. I^ . G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern coast. Flowers white, with a violet keel. Leaves 1-2 inches long and 4 lines broad, with few veins. Corijmbous-Rowered Daviesia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1804. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 3 D. MiMosoiDEs (R. Br. in hort. kew. 3. p. 20.) leaves linear, lanceolate, apiculated by an innocuous point, and are as well as the branches imarmed ; racemes solitary or twin, 4-times shorter than the leaves, having many bracteas at the base, and corym- biferous at the apex. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast. Andr. bot. rep. 526. D. glauca, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 43. Flowers yellow. Leaves nerved at the base ; the nerves irregularly pinnate. M)H04a-/;A-e Daviesia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1809. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 4 D. leptophy'lla (Cung. mss.) leaves linear-lanceolate, strongly nerved, obtuse and mucronate, quite smooth, coria- ceous ; branches furrowed ; peduncles few-flowered, axillary. Ij . G. Native of New Holland. Sle7ider-leaved Daviesia. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1824. Sh. 1 to 3 feet. * * Leaves lanceolate or linear, iplny at the apex. 5 D. PHYSODES (Cung. mss.) leaves sessile, somewhat falcate, broadest at the apex and blunt, having 2 strong nerves, and furnished with a spiny beak on the lower side ; branches fur- rowed. Tj . G. Native of New Holland. Bladder?/ Daviesia. Fl. April, Jul. Clt. 1824. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. G D. racemulosa (D. C. prod. 2. p. 114.) leaves sublanceo- late-linear, acuminated, pungent ; racemes solitary, bracteate, a little shorter than the leaves and somewhat corymbous at the apex. Tj . G. Native of New Holland. Leaves 9-10 lines long and 2 lines broad. ^ace»»ose-flowered Daviesia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 7 D. umbellula'ta (Smith, in Lin. trans. 9. p. 258.) leaves lanceolate, terminated by a pungent point ; branches spinose at the apex ; peduncles axillary, very short, bearing a few-flowered umbel at the apex, f; . G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern coast. far. /3, angustifblia (D. C. prod. 2. p. 114.) leaves linear- lanceolate. D. umbelliita, Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 107. t. 137. 6ni?)e//«Za(t'-flowered Daviesia. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1816. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 8 D. incrassa'ta (Smith, in Lin. trans. 9. p. 253.) leaves cuneate-linear, compressed, vertical, oblique, thick, spiny ; flowers axillary, solitary. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, at King George's Sound. Thkkened-\eave(!i Daviesia. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1820. Sh. 1 to 3 feet. 9 D. acicula'ris (Smith, 1. c.) leaves linear, with callous somewhat revolute margins, pungent, straight, denticulately sca- brous ; flowers axillary, solitary, on very short pedicels. Ij . G. Native of New Holland, about Port Jackson. Lodd. bot. cab. 1234. Flowers yellow, variegated with scarlet. ^ckii/nr-leaved Daviesia. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1804. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 10 D. ULiciNA (Smith, 1. c.) leaves lanceolate or linear, with smooth margins, and are as well as the branches spinesccnt at the apex, spreading ; flowers axillary, solitary, on very short pedicels. fj . G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern coast. D. ulicifolia, Andr. bot. rep. t. 304. Leaves half an inch long. Flowers yellow, with the vexillum copper-coloured at the base. Furze-like Daviesia. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1792. Sh. 1 to 3 ft. * * * Leaves cordate at the base. 11 D. squarr6sa (Smith, 1. c.) leaves cordate, acuminated, pungent, with scabrous margins, which are either reflexed or spreading ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, nearly the length of the leaves. P; , G. Native of New Holland, at Port Jackson. Pedicels furnished with concave obtuse bracteas at the base. ^•(^Ma)TOie Daviesia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1824. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 12 D. corda'ta (Smith, 1. c.) leaves cordate, stem-clasping, reticulated with veins ; peduncles axillary, aggregate, corym- bose, many-flowered. fj . G. Native of New Holland, at King George's Sound. Lindl. bot. reg. 1005. Stem angular. Bracteas broad, usually subcordate. Cordate-\eaveA Daviesia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. Sh. lto3ft. * * * * Leaves wanting. 13 D. alata (Smith, 1. c.) stem leafless, winged; umbels lateral; calyx and bracteas fringed; legume 1 -seeded, com- pressed, dolabriform. Jj . G. Native of New Holland, at Port Jackson. Ker. bot. reg. 728. Stem having 3 wings, nearly like those in Genista sagiltalis or in Bossice'a seolnpendria. ?F(?ig-e(/-stemmed Daviesia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 14 D. ju'ncea (Smith, 1. c.) stem leafless, terete, furrowed, naked ; umbels lateral ; calyx and bracteas beardless. ^ . G. Native of New Holland, at King George's Sound. Bracteas concave, lower ones imbricate. Teeth of calyx short. Rush-\ike Daviesia. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1823. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. Cult. See Pultcncea for cidture and propagation. The species are very elegant plants when in flower. The cuttings require to be nearly ripened. XXXL MIRBE'LIA (in honour of M. Mirbel, a distin- guished French physiological botanist, whose elucidations of the reticulated structure of vegetables are well known). Smith, ann. bot. 1. p. 511. Lin. trans, soc. 9. p. 265. R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 21. D. C. prod. 2. p. 114. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogijnia. Calyx S-cleft, bilabiate. Legume 2-seeded, longitudinally 2-celled, from the sutures on the upper side being so much bent in. — Australian subshrubs, having the fruit of: Astragalus, and the stamens and habit agree- ing wTth the present tribe. Leaves 3 in a whorl. Flowers purple. 1 M. reticula'ta (Smith, 1. c.) leaves lanceolate-linear, reti- culately-veined, quite entire, apiculated by a stiff mucrone. h . G. Native of New South Wales. Vent. malm. 1 19. Sims, bot. man-. 1 2 1 1 . Gompholobium reticulatum, Hort. Smooth, with twit'try l)ranches. Leaves opposite or ternately verticillate. Flowers lilac, terminal, capitate, or axillary verticilate. 12G LEGUMINOS^. XXXI. MiRBELiA. XXXII. HovEA. Relkulated.\ea\ed Mirbelia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1792. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 2 M. nuBi^FOLiA ; leaves lanceolate, acute, serrated, stiff, a in a whorl ; flowers terminal, capitate, and axillary verticillate. J; . G. Native of New South Wales. Flowers bluish-purple. Pultense'a rubisefolia, Andr. hot. rep. 351. Rubia-lcaved MirheVn. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1792. Sh. lto2ft. 3 M. spEciosA (Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 367.) leaves linear, acutish, with revolute quite entire margins ; flowers dis- posed in a terminal, interrupted, leafy spike. I7 . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers purple. S/icvy Mirhelia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1824. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 4 M. dilata'ta (R. Br. in hort. kew. 3. p. 21.) leaves cunei- form, dilated and trifid at the apex. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, on the south-west coast. Flowers purplish. Lindl. bot. reg. 1041. i3;/a, iheo, to run ; the calyx in the species of this section are not thrust in at the base, as in the preceding). D. C. prod. 2. p. 121. Calyx not thrust in at the base but ovate or obco- nically attenuated. 4 P. capita'ta (D. C. prod. 2. p. 121.) leaves oblong-linear, acute, somewhat convolute, nerveless, and are as well as the branches quite glabrous ; bracteas, calyxes, and legumes very hairy. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Liparia capitata, Thunb. prod. 124. fl. cap. 566. Burch, cat. no. 591. Flowers capitate. Calyx ovate at the base. Stamens diadel- phous, permanent aroiuul the fruit. C«/M7«/e-flowered Priestleya. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 5 P. GRAMiNir6i,iA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 122.) leaves lanceolate, and are as well as the angular stems glabrous ; flowers spicate, hairy. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Liparia graminifolia, Lin. mant. 268. Thunb. fl. cap. 566. Leaves 1 -nerved beneath. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from P. cnpitiila. Crnss-Zearcrf Priestleya. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt. 1800. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 6 P. teres (D. C. 1. c.) leaves obovate-oblong, and are as well as the stem glabrous ; stem terete ; flowers racemose, hairy. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Tcrcte-stemmed Priestleya. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Sh. 2 to 4 feet. 7 P. ERicsFoLiA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves linear-lanceolate, rather acute, with somewhat revohite margins, hairy beneath, but at length glabrous above ; branches and calyxes silky ; flowers capitate, terminal, or in fascicles in the upper axils of the leaves, t; , G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Borbonia ericifolia, Lin. amoen. 6. p. 92. Burm. cap. 20. Keel of a fuscous purple colour at the apex. Ovary very villous. Leaves 3 lines long. Far. ji ; leaves silky on the upper surface. ^ . G. The plant, when dry, has the habit of Chenblea diffusa, D. C, leg. mem. t. 31. Heath-leaved Priestleya. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1812. Sh. 1 to 3 ft. 8 P. SERicEA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate, acute, flat, 1-nerved, clothed with silky adpressed pubescence on both surfaces as well as on the branchlets ; flowers disposed in a short terminal spike, clothed with adpressed pubescence ; legumes hairy, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Liparia sericea, Lin. syst, 555. Borbonia sericea. Lam. diet. 1. p. 438.— Pluk. aim. t. 388. f. 3. Indigofera sericea, Lin. mant. 271.? ex Lam. diet. 3. p. 252, Crotalaria imbricata, Burm. cap. 21. Lin. spec. 1004.? ^"i% Priestleya. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1794. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 9 P. axilla" Ris (D. C. leg. vi. t. 32.) leaves ovate, acute, flat, 1-nerved, clothed with adpressed villi on both surfaces as well as on the branchlets ; flowers solitary in the axils of the upper leaves ; calyx and legumes hairy. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Borbonia axillaris, Lam. diet. 1. p. 438. Ajcillary-Rowered Priestleya. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822, Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 10 P. ELLiPTicA (D. C. leg. mem. vi. t. 33.) leaves elliptic, flat, 1-nerved, ending in a callous mucrone, covered with ad- pressed villi on both surfaces ; flowers capitate, and are as well as the calyxes and branchlets velvety. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers 5-6, umbellately capitate at the tops of the branches. Calyx clothed with silky pubescence. Branches rather hairy. Leaves rather canescent. £//i;j/ic-leaved Priestleya. Clt. 1825. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 11 P. viLLosA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 122.) leaves ovate-elliptic, acute, 1-nerved, flat, hairy on both surfaces, as well as the branchlets, calyxes, and legumes ; flowers capitate. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Borbonia tomentosa, Lin. spec. 994. Liparia villosa, Lin. mant. 438. — Seba, thes. 1. t. 24. f. 2. — Lotus fruticosus, Houtt. p. fl. syst. 10. p. 1179. r?7/o«4' Priestleya. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1774. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 12 P. VESTiTA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 122.) leaves ovate, concave, obtuse, nerveless, glabrous above, but clothed with hairy wool beneath as well as the calyxes and branches ; flowers capitate. '; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Liparia vestita, Thunb. fl. cap. 568. Sims, hot. mag. 2223. Liparia villosa, Andr. hot. rep. 382. — Seba, thes. 1. t. 24. f. 1. Clothed Priestleya. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1800. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. ■f" The calyx of the following species being unknown, conse- quently are not arranged in any section. 13 P. te'cta (D. C. prod. 2. p. 122.) leaves ovate, concave, spreading, tomentose ; flowers axillary, stalked. 1j . G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Liptlria tecta, Thunb. prod. 124. fl. cap. 568. Coicred Priestleya. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 14 P. TOMENTOSA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 122.) leaves lanceolate, and are as well as the calyxes tomentose ; flowers capitate. I7 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Liparia tomentosa, Thunb. 1. c. Corolla glabrous. Tomenlose Priestleya.. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1 812. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 15 P. umbellIfera (D. C. I.e.) leaves lanceolate, villous; branches umbellate ; flowers somewhat umbellately capitate, tomentose. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Li- paria unibellifera, Thunb. 1. c. Umbelliforous Priestleya. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. Cult. The species of this genus thrive very well in a mixture LEGUMINOS.'E. XLV. Hallia. XLVI. Heylandia. XLVII. Crotalaria. 133 of sandy loam and peat, but they do not require to be watered so freely as many other plants of this order ; for if they are watered too much over their leaves, it is certain to kill them. The very young tops taken off" and made into cuttings, and planted in a pot of sand, with a bell-glass placed over them, are not ditlicult to root, if the bell-glasses are taken oti' and wiped regularly to prevent damp. Tliey are all elegant plants when in flower. XLV. HALLIA (named after Berger Martin FLill, a pupil of Linna'us, and the student under whose name the thesis called Ncctar'utjlurum stands in the Amocnitates Academicae). Thunb. prod, in pra^f. 2. fl. cap. 593. Dcsf. journ. bot. 3. p. 125. t. G. f. 30. but not of Jaume. D. C. prod. 2. p. 122. LiN. svsT. Monadi'lphia, Dccdndria. Calyx 5-cleft, with the segments about equal. Keel obtuse. Stamens monadel- phous, with the sheath complete. Legume compressed, mem- branous, 2-valved, 1 -seeded. — Cape herbs or subshrubs, with simple leaves and with the stipulas adhering to the petioles, and purple flowers standing on solitary axillary pedicels. This genus is allied to Psorilea or Anthijllis, not to Hedijsarum. 1 H. ala'ta (Thunb. fl. cap. 593.) stem 2-edged ; stipulas rather decurrent, adnate to the petioles and longer than them ; leaves lanceolate or oblong, younger ones rather villous and complicated, adult ones glabrous ; flowers on short pedicels, ultimate ones according to Thunberg disposed in a terminal raceme. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope beyond Cape Town, a little to the westward. /r;«gc(/-stemmed Hallia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 ft. 2 H. fla'ccida (Thunb. 1. c.) stem filiform, trigonal at the apex ; stipulas ovate, acute, striated, hardly adnate to the petioles at the base, and rather longer than them ; leaves lanceolate, niu- cronate, glabrous ; peduncles 1 -flowered, length of leaves. 1/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. The stipulas according to Thunberg are reflexed, but in the specimen they are obviously erect. Flaccid Hallia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1789. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 3 H. ANGUSTiFOLiA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 123.) stem filiform; stipulas lanceolate, erect, adnate even to the middle of the very short petioles and longer than them ; leaves linear, acute, gla- brous ; pedicels 1 -flowered, a little shorter than the leaves. 1i,G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Hallia, no. 181. Burch, cat. pi. afr. aust. Narron-lcaved Hallia. PI. 1 foot. 4 H. virga'ta (Thunb. fl. cap. 1. c. ) stem terete ; stipulas lanceolate, erect ; petioles very short ; leaves lanceolate, mucro- nate, glabrous ; pedicels much shorter than the leaves. 1/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Tniggy Hallia. PI. 1 foot. 5 H. coRDA^TA (Thunb. 1. c.) stem filiform, trigonal, pilose; stipulas lanceolate, spreading, reflexed, about equal with the petioles in length ; leaves cordate, acuminated, pilose ; pedicels 1-flowered, 3-times longer than the petioles. 1/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in grassy places. Hedysarum cor- datum, Thunb. nov. act. ups. 6. p. 41. t. 1. Glycine mono- pliylla, Jacq. schocnbr. 3. t. 296. Var. /3, Burcltetl'd (D. C. prod. 2. p. 123.) petioles twice or thrice longer than the stipulas ; leaves cordate, rather obtuse, mucronate. %. G. Burch. cat, no. 371. Cor(/a/e-leaved Hallia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1787. PI. 1 foot. 6 H. asa'rina (Thunb. 1. c.) stem filiform, striated, pilose ; stipulas ovate, acute, reflexed, longer than the very short pe- tioles ; leaves cordate, roundish, mucronate, villous ; pedicels 1-flowered, length of leaves. %. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crotalaria asarina. Berg. cap. 194. Aaarum-likeUaWiA. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. PI. 1 ft. 7 H. imbrica'ta (Thunb. 1. c.) stems terete, striated; branches villous ; stipulas ovate-oblong, acute, membranous, deflexed ; leaves nearly sessile, cordate, acute, complicated. 7^. ? V; . ? G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. .Sims, bot. mag. 1850. Hedysarum imbricatum, Lin. fil. suppl. 330. Thunb. nov. act. ups. G. p. 42. t. 1. f. 2. F^lowers sessile. /»(6Wca C. Pu'rshii (D. C. prod. 2. p. 124.) stipulas lanceolate, acuiTiinated, decurrent ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, glabrous ; stem erect, simple, clothed with adpressed villi ; racemes usually 3- Howered. ©. H. Native of North America, in Virginia and Carolina. C. laevigata, Pursh, fl. sept. amer. 2. p. 469. but not of Lam. — Pluk. aim. t. 277. f. 2. PHrs/i'i Crotalaria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. PI. 1 foot. 7 C. PARviFLORA (Roth. cat. 2. p. 83.) stipulas oblong, acute, short, superior ones decurrent ; leaves linear-lanceolate, very liairy as well as the stem, which is erect and branched. ©. H. Native of North America, from New York to Carolina. Willd. spec. 3. p. 973. Pursh, 1. c. 5»na//t//o?i'erc(Z Crotalaria. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1817. PI. 2 ft. S C. saoitta'lis (Lin. spec. 1003. var. a.) stipulas lanceolate, acuminated, decurrent ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, hairy as well as the stem whicli is branched and erect ; racemes usually 3- flowered. ©. H. Native of North America, from Virginia to Georgia, in pine barrens. Herm. lugd. bot. p. 203. icon. C. bialata, Schrank. ex Rseusch. Arro7v Crota]aiid. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1731. PI. 1 foot. 9 C. EspADiLLA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) stipulas large, acu- minated, triangularly falcate, decurrent; leaves lanceolate or oblong, obtuse, younger ones golden-yellow, and are as well as the erect stem beset with strigose silky hairs ; racemes opposite the leaves, fevy-flowered ; legume many -seeded, glabrous. ©.? •S. Native of South America, in sandy places near Caricnana, where it is called Espadilla. Very like C. sagiltalis. EspadiUa Crotalaria. PI. 1 foot. 10 C. ova'lis (Pursh, 1. c.) stipulas acuminated, upper ones decurrent ; leaves almost sessile, oval, hairy as well as the stems, which are diffuse ; racemes elongated, 4-6-flowered, opposite the- leaves. 1/ . F. Native of Georgia and Carolina, in pine bar- rens. Hook, bot. mag. 3006. C. sagittalis, var. ovalifolia, Michx. fl. bor. amer. p. 55. Anonymos rotundif olia, Walt. no. 278. C. rotundifolia, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 402. The leaves are sometimes exstipulate, as has been noticed by Nuttall. Oi'ftMeaved Crotalaria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. PI. 1 ft. 11 C. rubiginosa (Willd. spec. 3. p. 973.) stipulas linear, acuminated, upper ones decurrent ; leaves oval-lanceolate, mu- cronate, villous, as well as the stem, which is branched and diffuse; racemes usually 3-flowered and elongated. ©. S, Native of the East Indies. This is very like the preceding species. i?«s/2/ Crotalaria. Fl. July. Clt. 1807. PI. | to 1 foot. * * Stipulas not decurrent, and sometimes wanting altogether. Flowers disposed in racemes, which are either terminal or opjiosite the leaves. 12 C. verrucosa (Lin. spec. 1005.) stipulas lunate, declinate ; leaves oval, obtuse ; branches acutely tetragonal ; racemes ter- minal; ovaries villous. ©. S. Native of the East Indies. Andr. bot. rep. t. 308. Lindl. bot. reg. 1137. Hook, bot. mag. 3034. C. coerulea, Jacq. icon. rar. t. 144. C. angulosa, Lam. diet. 2. p. 195. Cav. icon. 4. t. 321. Corolla with the vexillum greenish-white, streaked with pale-blue inside and w'ith the wings obovate, yellowish white at the base, the rest blue, and with the keel whitish, but yellowish at the point. Anthers yellow. Warted Crotalaria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1731. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 13 C. achmina'ta ; stipulas lunate, declinate; leaves ovate, but rather hastate at the base, and acuminated at the apex ; branches tetragonal ; racemes terminal ; ovaries villous? ©. S. Native of the Mauritius and the islands in the East Indies. C. verrucosa /3, hastata, Pers. ench, no. 20. C. verrucosa, var. a, acuminata, D. C. prod. 2. p. 125. — Burm. zeyl. t. 34. Leaves acute at both ends. Flowers bluish. AcuminatedAe&'veA Crotalaria, Fl. June, July. Clt. 1731. PI, 1 feet. 14 C. SEMPERFLORENS (Vent. hort. eels. t. 17.) stipulas lu- nate, nearly lanceolate, declinate ; leaves oval, emarginate, mu- cronate ; stems terete, striated, suffruticose at the base ; ovaries clothed with adpressed pubescence. %..1 Ij . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers golden-yellow, crowded at the tops of the racemes. Leaves clothed with adpressed pubescence be- neath, and usually a little warted, as in C. verrucosa. E ver-Jloweritjg Ciotalaria. Fl. Mar. Sept. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 15 C. RETu'sA (Lin. spec, 1004.) stipulas setaceous, straight ; leaves oblong-cuneiform, retuse, full of very minute, pellucid dots ; racemes terminal ; ovaries glabrous. © . S. Native of the East Indies, from whence it has been introduced to the Mau- ritius and to the West India Islands. Ker. bot. reg. 253. Flowers yellow but with the vexillum usually purplish. Leaves variable, more or less villous beneath, sometimes mucronate at the apex, with the mucrone either straight or recurved. — Rumph. amb. 5, t. 96. f. 1. — Rheed. mal. 9. t. 25. Burm. ind. 155. /fc<«se-leaved Crotalaria. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1731. PI. 2 to 3 ft. 16 C. Leschenau'i.tii (D. C. prod. 2. p. 125.) stipulas tri- angular, acuminated, cuneate-elliptic, mucronate, clothed with silky villi beneath and full of pellucid dots ; racemes terminal ; ovaries glabrous. ©. S. Native of the East Indies, on the Nelligerry mountains, where it is called Guili-guedje by the natives. Flowers yellow. This is an intermediate species be- tween C. retu^a and C. spcctdbilis. 1 LEGUMINOSyE. XLVII. Crotalabia. 135 Leschenautt's Crotalaria. PI. 8 to 9 feet. 17 C. spi;cta'bilis (Koth. nov. spec. :ii\.) stipiilas lanceolate, cordate, somewhat safjittate ; leaves cuneate, niucronatc, clothed with hoary tomontiim beneath, full of pellucid dots ; lower leaves obovate and obtuse, middle ones oblong-elliptic, superior ones nearly linear ; stem obtuse-angled ; ovaries glabrous. Q.S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers of a dusky-purple colour. Allied to C. rctiisa, but differs in the stipulas being dilated at the base, not setaceous. Sheivij Crotalaria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to 1^ ft. 18 C. i'ulche'rrima (Roxb. cat. calc. 54. ex Sims, bot. mag. 2027.) leaves cuneate-obovate, clothed with silky pubescence on both surfaces ; bracteas and caly.ves coloured ; legume sessile, few-seeded, covered by the permanent calyx ; stem shrubby, with the branches terete. T? . S. Native of Mysore. Flowers yellow, very like those of Sp/irtium junceum. Fairest Crotahiia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1814. Sh. 1 to 3 ft. 19 C. Bengale'nsis (Lam. diet. 2. p. 196.) leaves lanceolate, mucronate, almost sessile, pubescent ; stem twiggy ; racemes loose, elongated, terminal ; legume clothed with rufous tomen- tum or villi. ©. S, Native of Bengal. — Pluk. aim. t. 169. Allied to C. juncca, and perhaps the C. tenuifblia of Horn. cat. hort. hafn. suppl. 151. Flowers yellow. Bengal Crotalaria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1 806. PI. 2 to 3 ft. 20 C. ju'ncea (Lin. spec. 1004.) stij)ulas setaceous, almost wanting ; leaves cuneately lanceolate, on short petioles, clothed with adpressed pubescence, as well as the furrowed stems ; ra- cemes terminal ; legume clothed with villous tomentum. 0. S. Native of the East Indies. Roxb. cor. 2. t. 193. Andr. bot. rep. 422. — Burm. ind. 155. — Rhced. mal. 9. t. 26. Flowers yellow, resembling those of Gen'ista juncea. Legume pendulous, 12-15 lines long and 6 broad, 6-10-seeded. This plant is cul- tivated in India for its fibre, as a substitute for hemp ; it is prepared in the same way. It is also very nourishing food for cows, when young. Var. /•!, punctulula (D. C. prod. 2. p. 126.) vexillum and wings marked at the apex with black lines and dots. ^Ms/ii/ Crotalaria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1700. PI. 4 to 8 ft. 21 C. tenuifolia (Roxb. hort. bcng. 54.) leaves linear, acute, clothed with silky pubescence ; stem twiggy, simple ; raceme loose, elongated, terminal ; calyxes and ovaries silky. Ij . S. Native of Coromandel. Ker. bot. reg. 982. Flowers yellow. Allied to C. Bengalinsls and C. acuminata. Fine-leaved Crotalaria. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1816. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 22 C. fenistra'ta (Sims, bot. mag. 1933.) stipulas setaceous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, silky beneath and ciliated ; stems pu- bescent, furrowed ; vexillum rather orbicular, acuminated. O . S. Native of the East Indies. Lower segments of the calyx cohering at the apex. IVindoned Crotalaria. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1815. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 23 C. SERICEA (Retz. obs. 3. p. 26.) stipulas semi-cordate ; leaves lanceolate, acute, silky beneath as well as the legumes ; stem furrowed ; racemes terminal, elongated. 0. S. Native of the East Indies. Allied to C. juncea. Flowers yellow. Silky Crotalaria. Fl. June, July. CI. 1807. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 24 C. TE'cTA(Roth. nov. spec. 334.) plant exstipulate, clothed with silky pubescence ; leaves oblong, mucronate, approximate, sessile, lower ones obovate, superior ones linear ; stem straight, divided at the apex; legumes and styles glabrous. 0.? S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers about the size of those of C. parvijlbra, yellow and striped with blackish-brown. Covered Crotalaria. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 25 C. Burma'nni (D. C. prod. 2. p. 126.) stipulas and brac- teas setaceous ; branches and leaves villous or clothed with silky pubescence beneath ; lower leaves obovate, emarginate, superior ones oblong, mucronate ; stem straight, divided at the apex ; racemes usually terminal, simple. ©. S. Native of the East Indies. C. sericea, Burm. ind. 150. t. 48. f. 1. but not of Retz. Flowers yellow, one half smaller than those of C. juncea, pu- bescent on the outside. i?«rmann'4- Crotalaria. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1800. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 26 C. ihrsu'ta (Willd. spec. 3. p. 978.) stipulas subulate, reflexed ; leaves ovate, acute, glabrous above and pubescent beneath ; stem hairy ; raceme subterminal ; legume hairy. 0. S. Native of the East Indies, near Hydrabad. Flowers yellow. T/rt/jy Crotalaria. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 27 C. Mysore'nsis (Roth. nov. spec. 338.) plant hairy; stipulas linear-lanceolate ; leaves oblong, obtuse, stalked ; ra- cemes terminal, elongated ; bracteas length of calyx ; legumes ovate, glabrous. ©.S. Native of Mysore, in the East Indies. Flowers yellow. Var. ft, 2'auciJIdra (D. C. prod. 2. p. 126.) stems slenderer, having a few long hairs as well as the leaves. Roth, 1. c. Var. y,angustifblia (D. C. prod. 2. p. 126.) leaves narrower, and are as well as the stem densely clothed with rusty silky hairs. Roth, 1. c. Mysore Crotalaria. PL 1 to 2 feet. 28 C. monta'na (Roth, 1. c.) plant exstipulate, covered with silky brown strigas ; leaves oblong, obtuse, almost sessile ; stem terete ; racemes terminal ; legume nearly globose, dotted, gla- brous, one half shorter than the style, which is pilose at the apex. ©. ? S. Native of the East Indies. Corolla length of calyx. Mountain Crotalaria. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 29 C. a'lbida (Roth. 1. c.) plant exstipidate ; leaves oblong- obtuse, mucronate, petiolate, clothed with hoary tomentum be- neath ; stem terete ; racemes elongated ; calyx strigose ; legume oblong-ovate, longer than the pilose style. 0. ? S. Native of the East Indies. Corolla white, a little smaller than the calyx. 7r/(;7(?-flowered Crotalaria. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 30 C. panicula'ta (Willd. spec. 3. p. 982.) stipidas and brac- teas linear-subulate, reflexed ; leaves oblong, obtuse, mucro- nate, silky-villous ; panicle terminal, bracteate. V^ . S. Native of Malabar, Java, and China. C. Chinensis, Lam. diet. 2. p. 195. but not of Lin. Vexillum silky on the outside. Keel acu- minated. Style plicate, the upper plait deciduous. Legume ovate, villous, length of calyx. Panicled Crotalaria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 31 C. pu'lchra (Andr. bot. rep. t. 601. Ait. hort. kew. 4. p. 272.) stipulas setaceous, erect ; leaves oval-oblong, acute, silky on both surfaces, as well as the calyxes and vexillum ; racemes terminal, bracteate. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers large, yellow. Legume, according to Andrews, length of calyx, and 4-seeded, and hence perhaps the same as C. telra- sperma, Dietr. Ovary villous. Vexillum acuminated. Bracteas 2, ovate. /air Crotalaria. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1807. Sh. 2 feet. 32 C. ni'tens (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 399.) suffruticose, silky ; branches rather angular ; leaves oblong, ob- tuse, cuneated at the base, younger ones clothed with golden rusty down ; racemes terminal or opposite the leaves, many- flowered ; legume many-seeded, glabrous. ^ . S. Native of New Granada, near Mariquita and Honda. The plant from Honda is more densely pilose, the bracteas smaller, and the flowers larger than those of the plant from Mariquita. Shitting Crotalaria. Shrub I to 3 feet. 33 C."Berteria-na (D. C. prod. 2. p. 127.) stipulas subu- late, small ; leaves elliptic, obtuse, mucronate, clothed on both surfaces with shining silky villi ; racemes terminal. ^t . S. Native of Guadaloupe, in gardens. Branches villous. Bracteas ovate, acute. Flowers yellow. Legume pubescent, 3-4-seeded, length of calyx. 136 LEGUMINOS^. XLVII. Crotalaria. Bertero's Crotalaria. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. S4 C. N6v«-Holla'ndi/E (D. C. prod. 2. p. 127.) stipulas wanting ; leaves elliptic-obovate, tapering to the base, obtuse at the apex, clothed beneath with adpressed silky pubescence, as well as the petioles and branches ; racemes terminal. It . G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern coast. Branches terete. Petioles nodose and articulated at the apex ; hence its affinity to the trifoliate species of the genus. The flowers purplish in the dried state, and middle-sized. New Holland Crotahria. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 35 C. Paulina (Schrank, pi. rar. men. t. 88.) stipulas want- ing ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at the base, bluntish, mucronulate, hoary and sericeous beneath ; racemes terminal ; bracteas linear, much shorter than the pedicel. 1/ . S. Native of Brazil, at the town of St. Paulo. Link. enum. 2. p. 227. Flowers yellow, about the size of those oi SjMrlimn junceum. St. Paulo Crotalaria. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. 36 C. BREViFLORA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 127.) stipulas wanting ; leaves elliptic, attenuated at both ends, acute and mucronate, pubescent on both surfaces, palest beneath, the nerves and branches silky-villous ; racemes terminal ; bracteas linear, about equal in length to the pedicels. 1/ . ? S. Native of Brazil. Very like the preceding species, but the corolla is very much smaller, hardly exceeding the calyx in length. Short-Jlowered Crotalaria. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 37 C. bifa'ria (Lin. fil. suppl. 422.) stipulas reflexed ; lower leaves orbicular, superior ones oblong ; peduncles terminal, 1 - flowered ; stems diffuse, pubescent. Ij . ? S. Native of the East Indies, where it is cultivated in gardens. The stipulas, according to Linnseus the younger, are ovate-subulate, and the legume oblong and hispid or pubescent. Corolla large, bluish. Bifarious Crotalaria. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1817. Sh. 1 to 3 ft. 38 C. dichotoma (Roth. nov. spec. 340. but not of Graham,) stipulas linear-subulate, horizontal ; leaves ovate, acuminated, rather scabrous, petiolate, superior ones lanceolate ; stem erect, dichotomous ; peduncles opposite the leaves, usually 2-flowered; flowers nodding ; legumes ovate, pilose. Tj . ? S. Native of the East Indies. Like C. hi/aria. Diclwtomous-stemmed Crotalaria. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 39 C. Rothia'na (D. C. prod. 2. p. 127.) plant exstipidate, pilose ; leaves ovate, obtuse, rather mucronate, distich, petio- late ; stems prostrate ; peduncles opposite the leaves, 2-flowered ; legume subglobose, hairy. Ij . ? S. Native of the East Indies. C. hirta. Both. nov. spec. 339. but not of Willd. Flowers yel- lowish. far. ft,fcrrug'mca (D. C. 1. c.) plant beset with long, spread- ing, rusty pili. Roth's Crotalaria. Shrub prostrate. 40 C. DiiFu'sA (Link, enum. 2. p. 228.) leaves lanceolate, obtuse, hairy, on short petioles ; flowers terminal ; calyx pilose, about equal in length to the corolla. ©. S. Native of? Flowers yellow. Z>;//(«e Crotalaria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. diffuse. 41 C. na'na (Burm. fl. ind. 156. t. 48. f. 2.) leaves oblong, nearly sessile, glabrous, obtuse, mucronate ; stems diffuse ; pe- duncles opposite the leaves, 3-flowered ; calyxes pilose ; legume oblong, obtuse, hardly twice the length of the calyx. ©. S. Native of Malabar. Flowers yellow. Lam. diet. 2. p. 196. C. MalabArica, Garcin, in herb. Burm. C. biflora, Lin. mant. Diiar/ Crotalaria. PI. \ foot. 42 C. biplo'ka (Lin. mant. 570.) stem prostrate, herbaceous ; leaves oval-oblong, obtuse or suborbicular, pilose ; peduncles opposite the leaves, and terminal, and longer than the stem, 2-8- flowered; legume tumid, globose, rather villous. 0.S. Native of the East Indies. Pet. gaz. t. 30. f. 10. Astragalus biflorus. Lin. mant. 273. This species differs from the preceding In the legumes being globose, not oblong. Corolla yellow. Two-flomered Crotalaria. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1790. PI. prostrate. 43 C. GLAu'cA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 974.) stem glabrous, erect; leaves linear-lanceolate, glabrous ; peduncles opposite the leaves, usually 3-flowered, rather shorter than the leaves, filiform. O . S. Native of Guinea. Flowers yellow. Glaucous Crotalaria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI 1 to 2 ft. 44 C. pusiLLA (Roth. nov. spec. 335.) plant exstipulate, clothed with greyish hairs ; leaves linear, obtuse, rather mucro- nate, petiolate ; stem much branched from the base, filiform ; branches approximate; racemes terminal, rather secund ; legume oblong-oval, obtusely-mucronate, hairy. ©.? S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers small. Small Crotalaria. PI. g foot. 45 C. pu'mila (Schrank, acad. mun. 6. p. 188.) plant tomen- tosely hairy ; leaves linear-lanceolate, almost sessile ; stems nearly simple, decumbent ; flowers axillary, disposed in a ter- minal few-flowered raceme. ©. ? S. Native of ? Legume ovate, erect, minute, tomentose. Z)h«)/ Crotalaria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Sh. | foot. 46 C. tetrago'na (Andr. bot. rep. 593.) leaves long, lanceo- late, pubescent ; stem tetragonal ; raceme terminal ; legume villous. $ . S. Native of the East Indies. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 271. Stipulas lanceolate, horizontally deflexed, deciduous. Flowers pubescent, large, yellow ; the vexillum dotted with black outside, and lined on the inside. Ovary and style villous. Tetragonal-stcmmedi Crotalaria. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1806. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 47 C. linifolia (Lin. fil. suppl. 328.) leaves linear, oblong, obtuse, mucronate, nearly sessile, pilose beneath, as well as the stem ; raceme terminal ; stem somewhat striated, erect ; legume glabrous, hardly larger than the calyx. ©. S. Native of the East Indies and Nipaul, ex D. Don, prod. p. 241. Flowers yellow, in long racemes, secund. Willd. spec. 4. p. 975. Stems diffuse, simple, and branched. Stipulas and bracteas small. Calyx silky. Flax-leaved Croia\a.x\a. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot. 48 C. PELLiTA (Bert. ined. ex D. C. prod. 2. p. 128.) leaves oblong-linear, mucronate, young ones hairy ; stem terete, very much branched ; racemes terminal ; bracteas and calycine lobes callous, somewhat revolute ; legume ovate, villous, length of calyx, 1-2-seeded. Ij • ' S. Native of Jamaica, in gardens. Peduncles, pedicels, and tube of calyx hispid. Bracteas and calycine lobes partly callous and glabrous. Clad Crotalaria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 49 C. GENisToiDES (Lam. diet. 2. p. 196.) leaves linear-lan- ceolate, mucronate, glabrous, scattered, sessile ; racemes short, few-flowered ; branches filiform, twiggy, glabrous ; calyxes and legumes hairy. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. The racemes are said to be both axillary and lateral. Genista-like Crotalaria. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 50 C. viRGULTA'Lis(Burch. cat. no. 1752.) plant exstipulate ; leaves oblong-linear, mucronate, stalked, young ones, calyxes, and branches clothed with adpressed silky pubescence ; racemes opposite the leaves, elongated ; flowers erect ; legume pendu- lous, young ones clothed with adpressed villi. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers resembling those of Spdr- tium junceam, but a little smaller. Twiggy Crotalaria. Shrub. 51 C. ACUMINATA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 128.) stipulas ovate, lanceolate, shorter than the petioles, acuminated ; leaves stalked, linear, niucronately-acuminated, silky pubescent beneath, as well as the calyxes and branches ; peduncles opposite the leaves, 1- LEGUMINOS^. XLVII. Ckotalaiua. 137 2-riovvoie(l ; ovaries glabrous. I; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burcli. cat. afr. aust. no. :1327. I'lowers smaller than in the preceding species. //ci(H(()i«/t(/-leaved Crotalaria. Shrub. 52 C. srARTioiDEs (0. C. prod. 2. p. 128.) plant exstipu- late ; leaves linear-subulate, acute, distant, the young ones and branches pubescent, the adult ones glabrous ; branches twiggy, striated ; racemes terminal ; ovaries pubescent. Ij . G. Native of tlie Cape of Good IIo])e. Burch. cat. no. 2'J3G. Flowers yellow, about the size of tliose of Spartium junceum. Brac- teoles 2, small, deciduous at the base of the calyx. Spartium-like Crotalaria. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 53 C. Perrotte'tii (D. C. prod. 2. p. 128.) plant exstipu- late ; leaves linear-subulate, very few ; branches and calyxes villously-hairy ; stems much branched, twiggy, at length smootli and leafless ; racemes crowded ; corolla lengtli of calvx ; legume 3-4-seeded, ovate, somewhat compressed, villous. Ij . S. Native of Senegal. C. tomentosa, Perr. but not of Thunb. Stamens 10, 5 alternate ones sterile. Style thick at the base, bent abruptly. Perhaps a distinct genus between HeyUndia and Crolalaria. PerrotteVs Crotalaria. Shrub 2 feet. 54 C. Theba'ica (D. C. prod. 2. p. 128.) plant exstipulate, pubescent, much branched ; old branches spiny ; leaves oval or oblonu, villous, undulated ; flowers few at the tops of the branches, distant, disposed in something like a spike ; legume ovate, pubescent, 1-2-seeded. Ij . G. Native of the island of Phila, by way sides, and about Theba. Flowers yellow, lined with brown. Spartium Thebaicum, Del. fl. egypt. p. 107. t. 37. f. 1. J/ifia Crotalaria. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. * * * Stipulas not decurrcnt, or ivanling. Flowers disposed in terminal heads, 55 C. sPECio'sA (Roth. nov. spec. 336.) plant exstipulate, clothed with silky rusty villi ; leaves oblong, obtuse, nearly ses- sile ; heads of flowers dense, ovate, roundish ; bracteas broad- lanceolate, length of flowers, and are covered with silky hairs, as well as the calyxes, vexillum, and keel. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Slieii'y Crotalaria. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 50 C. ? refle'xa (Thunb. fl. cap. 571.) leaves ovate, acute, tomentose, rcflexed ; heads of flowers crowded ; branches re- troflexed. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Calyx woolly. Corolla purple, glabrous. Leaves imbricated down- wards. Ril/lcjced Crotalaria. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 57 C. capita'ta (Lam. diet. 2. p. 195. ill. t. 617. f. 3.) vil- lous ; leaves lanceolate, scattered, crowded, sessile ; heads ter- minal ; ovaries villous. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. The stamens are said by Lamarck to be diadelphous, and therefore the plant ought, perhaps, to be removed from this genus. Flowers white or violet. C apitatc-^oviexei. Crotalaria. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. * * * * Stipulas not decurrent, or Kanling. Flowers axdlary, pedunculate or sessile. 58 C. sca'ndens (Lour. coch. p. 433.) stem shrubby, scan- dent ; leaves oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles many- flowered, axillary, fj . ^. G. Native of Cochin-china. Flowers white. Legume turgid, tapering to both ends. Climbing Crotalaria. Shrub tl. 5!) C. procu'mbens (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 2. p. 129.) stems procumbent, herbaceous ; leaves ovate, rather mucronate, pubescent ; peduncles axillary, 2-flowered, 3 times longer than the leaves. 1/ . ? G. Native of Mexico. Flowers yellow. Legume cylindrical. VOL. II. Procumbent CroUihmn. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823. PI. nr. 60 C. nummula'ria (Willd. spec. 3. p. 979.) procuuibcnt ; leaves roundish-ovate or lanceolate, obtuse, pilose benea;li ; pe- duncles axillary, 1 -2-flowered, hairy, 4 times longer than the leaves. Ij . ? S. Native of the East Indies. Legume roundish, ovate. Afoney-wort-\ca.\ed Crotalaria. PI. procumbent. 61 C. lana'ta (Thunb. fl. cap. 571.) leaves ovate, sessile, acute, woolly ; flowers axillary, nearly sessile ; legume ovate, acute. 1^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Woolly Crotalaria. .Slirid). 62 C. sessiliflora (Lin. spec. 1004.) erect, herbaceous; leaves lanceolate, almost sessile, glabrous above, and pilose be- neath ; flowers sessile, axillary or lateral. ©. G. Native of China. Flowers blue. Sessilc-Jlowered Crotalaria. PI. 1 foot. 63 C. TUBERosA (Hamilt. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 241.) root tuberous ; stem branched, villous ; leaves lanceolate-linear, acute, very villous at the base and beneath ; pedicils axillary, 1-flovvered, adpressed to the stem ; legume compressed, villous. 1/ . G. Native of Nipaul. Flowers bluish-|)urple in a dried state. 7'»6e?(i"4-rooted Crotalaria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. PI. decumbent. ***** Stipulas not decurrent or wanting. Flojvcrs lateral and terminal. Calyx 5-partcd, very hispid, with two of the lobes or segments wing-formed. 61 C. ANTHYLLOiDES (Lam. diet. 2. p. 195.) leaves linear, acute, clothed with adpressed villi beneath ; flowers subsessile, disposed in a short terminal raceme ; pedicels and calyxes rusty, and very hispid. ©. S. Native of Java. Leaves 2-lines broad, and 2 inches long. Se])als of calyx unequal in breadth, the 2 superior ones broadest, obtuse, and mucronate. Legume glabrous, many-seeded, length of calyx. Anthyllis-like Crotalaria. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1789. PI. 1 ft. 65 C. CALYc'iNA (Schrank, pi. rar. nion. t. 12.) leaves lan- ceolate, acute, canescently-pubescent beneath ; flowers lateral, on short pedicels ; calyx rusty and very hispid. ©. S. Native of Bengal. C. ramosissima, Ro.xb. hort. beng. p. 54. Corolla sulphur-coloured, a little shorter than the calyx. Leaves 4-5 lines broad, and 2 inches long. Large-caly.ccd Crotalaria. PI. 1 foot. 66 C. Nipaule'nsis (Link. enum. 2. p. 228.) leaves lanceo- late, hairy ; flowers almost sessile, disposed in a short terminal raceme; caly.x very hispid, and rusty. ©. S. Native of Ni- paul. Corolla blue, hardly larger than the calyx. AO;m»/ Crotalaria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 foot. 67 C. Ro.xbukghia'na (D. C. prod. 2. p. 129.) leaves oblong- line.ar, acute, clothed with adpressed pubescence beneath, as well as the branches ; flowers lateral, on short stalks ; calyx and bracteas very hispid and acuminated. \ . S. Native of the East Indies and Nipaid. C. stricta, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 54. but not of Roth. C. anthylloides, D. Don, prod. i\. nep. 241. but Lamarck's plant from Java appears to be distinct. Ro.rbiirgh's Crotalaria. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2 feet. 68 C. Ciiine'nsis (Lin. spec. 1003.) leaves ovate, on short petioles, bluntish, rather pilose on both surfaces ; racemes few- flowered ; calyx hairy, h . G. Native of China. Corolla yellow, length of calyx. Perhaps this and the two following species are referable to the present division, but they are too imperfectly known to speak with certainty. China Crot.daria. Fl. June, July. Cit. 181 8. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 69 C. iiiRTA (Willd. eiunn. 747.) leaves linear-lanceolate, pilose ; peduncles subterniinal, disposed in something like a raceme; stem branched, diflUse, pilose. ©. S. Native of the 138 LEGUMINOS^. XLVII. Crotai-aria. East Indies. C. pilosa, Roxb. Kottl. nov. act. nat. cur. 1808. C- hirta, Mart. acad. imm. G. p. 156. t. F. Calyx densely clothed with rnsty villi, hardly shorter than the corolla. //a,Vy Crotalaria. Fl.Jii. Au^ CIt. 1816. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 70 C. I'ROSTRA^TA (Rottl. in Willd. enuni. 747.) leaves ellip- tic-lanceolate, obtuse, pubescent beneath ; racemes opposite the leaves on long peduncles, few-flowered ; stem prostrate, 'pubes- cent. 0. S. Native of the East Indies. Mart. acad. mun. 6. p. 155. t. F. Calyx tomentose, about the length of the corolla, which is white. Legume glabrous, sessile. Perhaps C. pros- trata of D. Don, in prod. fl. nep. 241. is the same plant. Prostrate Crotalaria. Fl. July. Clt. ISO*. PI. prostrate. § 2. Leaves composed of 3-7 leaflets. • Leaves trifoliate. Racemes terminal or opjiositc the leaves. Slipulas broad, leafy. 71 C. arbore'scens (Lam. diet. 2. p. 190.) stipulas on short petioles, obovate, emarginate, deciduous ; leaflets obovate ; pe- tioles and branchlets canescent ; legume pedicellate, fj . S. Native of the Mauritius and of the Cape of Good Hope. C. in- canescens, Lin. fil. suppl. C. Capensis, Thunb. fl. cap. 572. Jacq. hort. vind. t. C4. Flowers yellow, about the size of those of Colulea. Arborescent Crotalaria. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1774. Sh. 6 to 10 ft. 72 C. LUNAKis (Lin. spec. 1005.) stipulas semi-cordate, lunate ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, clothed beneath with white villi ; flowers terminal, solitary, girded by a 3-leaved involucre. ©. ? G. Native of Africa. Lin. hort. cliff. 357. C. lunaris, Burm. cap. prod. 2 1 . 71/oon-shaped-stipuled Crotalaria. PI. 73 C. tu'rgida (Delaum. herb. amat. t. 238 ) stipulas round- ish ; leaflets ovate, glabrous ; flowers terminal, somewhat corym- bose. \} . S. Native of ? Turgid Crotalaria. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. * * Leaves trifoliate. Racemes opposite the leaves, rarchj terminal. Stipulas setaceous or wanting. 74 C. obova'ta ; sufFruticose, branched ; leaflets obovate, en- tire, somewhat emarginate at the apex, and rather pilose be- neath ; racemes terminal, spike-formed ; legume hairy. Vj . S. Native of Guinea. Flowers yellow. Otorn (f-leafletted Crotalaria. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 75 C. ocHROLEu'cA ; shrubby, erect, branched ; leaflets linear-lanceolate, entire, acuminated, clothed beneath with silky pili ; racemes terminal, spike-formed, few-flowered. I; . S. Native of Guinea. Flowers cream-coloured. Cream-co/ourerf-flowered Crotalaria. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 7G C. laburnifo'lia (Lin. spec. 1005. fl. zeyl. p. 278.) sti- pulas wanting ; leaflets oval, acute, glabrous ; racemes oppo- site the leaves ; legumes pendulous, on long stipes, which are 4-times longer than the calyx. ©. S. Native of Malabar and Ceylon. — Klieed. mal. 9. t. 27. Burm. zeyl. t. 35. Legume cylindrical, glabrous, length of stipe. Corolla large, yellow. Keel acuminated, much longer than the wings. Laburnum-leaved Crotalaria. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1739. Shrub 5 to G feet. 77 C. pk'ndula (Bert. ined. D. C. prod. 2. ]). 130.) stipulas wanting ; leaflets oval, obtuse, glabrous ; racemes opposite the leaves ; legumes pendulous, stipitate ; stipe twice the length of the calyx, but one-half shorter than the legume. Ij . S. Native of Jamaica. Very like the preceding species. Pt'Hrfu/oHS-legumed Crotalaria. Fl. Jid. Sept. Clt. 1820. Sh. 78 C. anagyroides (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. C. p. 404.) arborescent; stipidas subulate, minute; leaflets lanceo- 1 late-oblong, acute, mucronate, cuneated at the base, clothed beneath with adpressed pubescence, younger ones with silky brown pubescence ; racemes many-flowered, opposite the leaves ; legumes many-seeded, and are, as well as the calyxes, pubescent. Jj . S. Native of Caraccas. Allied to C. arborescens. Anagyrus-like Crotalaria. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1823. Sh. 6 ft. 79 C. Brownei (Bert. ined. D. C. prod. 2. p. 130.) stipulas deciduous or wanting; leaflets oval, attenuated at both ends, apiculately mucronate, adult ones glabrous ; racemes terminal, opposite the leaves ; legume pendulous, cylindrical, glabrous, on a very short stipe. T? . S. Native of Jamaica, on the sides of rivulets frequent. Leaflets and young leguvnes clothed with shining, silky, appressed pubescence. Flowers yellowish-brown, striated. Z>Vo?rae'« Crotalaria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub 4 ft. 80 C. bractea'ta (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 54.) stipulas want- ing ; leaflets oval, tapering to the base, and acuminated at the apex, smooth above, but clothed with very minute pubescence beneath : racemes opposite the leaves : legumes pendulous, almost sessile, densely clothed with hairs. V^ . G. Native of the East Indies and Chittagong. Flowers smaller than in the two preceding species, but the bracteas are reflexed as in them. Perhaps C. bracleata of Fischer is the same. BracteaW Crotalaria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 81 C. cYTisoiDES (Roxb. hort. beng. 54.) stipulas subulate, deciduous ; leaflets elliptic, acuminated at both ends, glabrous above, but clothed with fine pubescence beneath ; racemes op- posite the leaves, nearly terminal ; ovary pubescent, on a very short stipe. Jj . G. Native of Nipaul. C. psoraleoides, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 242. This species comes very near to C. bracleata, but the ovarium is pubescent, not as in that species densely hairy. Cytisus-like Crotahria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 82 C. cAjAjfiFo'LiA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 405.) stipulas? leaflets oblong, obtuse, mucronate, cuneated at the base, glabrous above, puberulous beneath and canescent ; racemes many-flowered, almost terminal ; legumes many-seeded, and are, as well as the calyxes, clothed with appressed pubes- cence. ^ . G. Native of Mexico, on the declivity of mount Jorullo. Pigeon-pea-leaved Crotalaria. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1824. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 83 C. Graha'mi; shrubby, diffiise ; leaves ternate ; leaflets cuneate-elliptic, rather pilose, mucronate ; stipulas subulate, re- flexed, permanent ; racemes sub-capitate, opposite the leaves. ^7 . S. Native of Mexico. C. dichotoma, Graham in edinb. new phil. journ. dec. 1826. Flowers yellow. Graham's Crotalaria. Fl.Ju. July. Clt. 1824. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 84 C. stria'ta (D. C. prod. 2. p. 131.) stipulas wanting; leaflets elliptic, obtuse, mucronate, nearly glabrous ; racemes terminal, and nearly opposite the leaves ; bracteas setaceous, deciduous. ©. S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers yellow, pendulous. Keel acuminated, striped with black lines ; the vexillum also striped a little. iS7((^)C(/-flowered Crotalaria. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 85 C. L.eviGA"TA (Lam. diet. 2. p. 198.) glabrous; stipulas w.anting ; leaflets elliptic-oblong, obtuse ; racemes opposite the leaves, 3-6-flowered ; legume pedicellate. fj . S. Native of Madagascar. Smooth Crotalaria. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 86 C. heterophy'lla (Lin. fil. suppl. 323.) stipulas subu- late, spreading ; lower leaves simple, the rest trifoliate ; leaflets elliptic, emarginate. ©. S. Native of the East Indies. Co- rolla yellow, and striped. Legume smooth. Variable-leaved Crotalaria. PL 1 foot. LEGL'iMIXOS.E. XLVII. Crotalauia. 139 87 C. i-OLiosA (Willil. emini. 7-17.) lo:iflcts obovate, emar- giiiate, covered beneath with stiij^osc ))ih ; racemes terminal, usually 4-flo\vercd ; stem iliHuse, branelied. I; . S. Native of the East Indies. Indigofcra foliosa, Rottl. Acrt/;/ Crotalaria. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1818. Sli. 2 to 3 feet. 88 C. Havane'nsis (Guss. ex Scblecht. Linnaea. 4. p. 36.) smooth ; leaflets oblong, emarginate, tapering to the base ; flowers racemose ; legiuiic oblong, cylindrical. I^ . S. Native of Cuba, aljout the Havannah. JIaiann/i/i Crotalaria. Shrub. 89 C. Okixe'nsis (Kottl. in Willd. enum. 747.) stipulas lan- ceolate, and bracteas ovate, both reflexed ; leaflets obovate, covered beneath with strigose pili ; racemes terminal ; stems diftlise : legume stipitate, ovate, obtuse, gIal)rous. ©. S. Na- tive of the East Indies. Flowers more minute than in any other speciesof the genus. Mart, in acad. num. G. p. 157. t. H. On'jfl Crotalaria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 foot. 90 C. virga'ta (Roxb. ex Mart. acad. mun. G. p. 157. t. G.) stipulas small ; leaflets obcordate, destitute of a niucrone, gla- brous ; raceme few-flowered, opposite the leaves, lateral ; branches diffuse, rather twiggy. Ij . S. Native of Coromandel. Legume unknown. Tifiggi/ Crotalaria. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 181C. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 91 C. Cube'}isis (D. C. prod. 2. p. 131.) stipulas linear- setaceous ; leaflets obovate-roundish ; racemes nearly opposite the leaves; stem erect, hairy. ©. S. Native of Cuba. C. hirta. Lag. nov. spec. hort. madr. p. 22. but not of Willd. Culm Crotalaria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 92 C. seti'fera (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mcx. incd. D. C. prod. 2. p. 131.~) stipidas linear-setaceous ; leaflets obovate, mucronate ; racemes opposite the leaves, and are hairy, as well as the petioles and branches ; legume pendulous, cylindrical, hairy, nearly ses- sile. ©. H. Native of Mexico. Flowers yellow. Keel acute, shorter than the vexillum and wings. Bristle-bcarinn Crotalaria. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 93 C. coLUTEoiDEs (Lam. diet. 2. p. 200.) leaflets obovate, obtuse, mucronate, rather pilose beneath, longer than the pe- tioles ; racemes terminal, loose ; legume glabrous, stipitate, bladdery, destitute of a style. ^2 . ? S. Native of Africa. Pluk. t. 185. 'f. 3. Colutea-like Crotalaria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 94 C. purpura'scens (Lam. diet. 2. p. 200.) stipulas seta- ceous, villous ; leaflets obovate-cuneiform, retuse, mucronate, glabrous ; racemes opposite the leaves almost terminal ; calyx villous, about equal in length to the corolla ; legume pendulous, sessile, oblong, bladdery. Q. S. Native of Madagascar, and the Mauritius. Vexillum purplish above. Branches and pe- tioles clothed with hispid villi. Pu/7j/i47(-flowered Crotalaria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 95 C. isca'iVA (Lin. spec. 1005.) stipulas and bracteas seta- ceous, villous, deciduous ; leaflets oval or obovate, villous be- neath ; racemes spike- formed, opposite the leaves ; calyxes gla- brous ; keel with a tomentose margin ; legume pendulous, sub- sessile, hairy. ©. S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. Flowers yellow. Jacq. obs. 4. t. 82. Cav. icon. 4. t. 322. Ker. bot. reg. 377. C. pubescens, Moench. /foary Crotalaria. Fl. Ju. Jidy. Clt. 1714. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 9G C. DoMBEY.\NA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 132.) stipulas and bracteas setaceous, villous, deciduous ; leaflets oval-oblong, acute, pubescent beneath ; racemes spike-formed, opposite the leaves ; ovarium pubescent ; legume pendulous, sessile, gla- brous, fj . ? S. Native of Peru. C. incana /5, Lam. diet. 2. p. 200. Very near to C. incana, but the flowers are double the size, and disposed in dense spikes. Domhcy's Crotalaria. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 97 C. pu'bera (Vahl. eclog. 2. p. 55.) stipulas subulate, de- ciduous; leaflets oblong, obtuse, clothed beneath with adpressed cancsccnt villi; racemes terminal and axillary; legume pendu- lous, oblong, villous. fj. S. Native of the island of St. Martha. Branches rather villous. C. piibera, Sihrank. pi. rar. mon. t. 14. ditt'ers from Valil's plant in the racemes being op- posite the leaves, and therefore the plant is more nearly allied to C. incana. Downy Crotalaria. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 98 C. affi'nis (D. C. prod. 2. p. 132.) stipulas and bracteas setaceous and deciduous ; leaflets obovate-cuneated, truncate, smoothish ; petioles, branches, and legumes villous ; racemes op- posite the leaves. Tj . ? S. Native of the Mauritius. Allied to C. incana. Calyxes villous. Legume sessile, very hairy. Allied Crotalaria. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 99 C. pu'mila (Ort. dec. 2. p. 23.) stipulas subulate, spread- ing ; leaflets obovate, emarginate, glabrous, rather fleshy ; racemes opposite the leaves and lateral ; legumes nearly sessile, pendulous, pubescent ; stem ascending. ©. S. Native of Cuba. Flowers yellow, smaller than those of C. incana, to which the plant is very nearly allied. Stem and petioles hardly pubescent. Z»w«r/ Crotalaria. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1823. PI. A to 1 foot. 100 C. falca'ta (Vahl. ined. ex herb. Puer. D. C. prod. 2. p. 132.) stipulas small, deciduous; leaflets elliptic, somewhat cuneated at the base, clothed with minute pubescence beneath, but glabrous above ; racemes opposite the leaves : vexillum shorter than the keel, which is falcate. Jj . S. Native of Guinea. Flowers small. Young legumes pendulous and terete. /rt/ca/c'-keeled Crotalaria. Shrub 2 feet. 101 C. mucronata (Desv. journ. bot. 1814. vol. 1. p. 76.) leaflets ovate, mucronate, clothed beneath with powdery pubes- cence ; flowers sessile, spicate, terminal. >j . ? S. Native of the Antilles. ]\Iucronate-\e2L\eA Crotalaria. Shrub. 102 C. MicANs (Link, enum. 2. p. 228.) stipulas wanting ; leaflets oval, acute, beset with scattered shining hairs ; racemes opposite the leaves ; filaments of stamens hairy. 2^ . S. Native of '. Legume unknown. GUttering-haned. Crotalaria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 103 C. curta'ta (Link. 1. c.) leaflets oval, obtuse, beset with scattered hairs ; the nerves, petioles, and branches hoary ; racemes terminal, elongated ; keel shorter than the vexillum. ©. S. Native of? 67(or<-kceled Crotalaria. Fl. April, May. Clt. ? PI. 1 foot. 104 C. PEDUNcuLosA (Desv. joum. bot. 1814. vol. 1. p. 76.) leaflets somewhat ovate, acute ; flowers in racemose spikes ; racemes opposite the leaves, on long peduncles. I; . ? S. Native of the East Indies. Pedunclcd Crotalaria. Shrub. 105 C. MOLLi'cuLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 403.) branchlcts terete ; stipulas linear-subulate ; leaflets lan- ceolate, obtuse, clothed with soft j)ubescence on both surfaces, but canescent beneath ; racemes many-flowered, opposite the leaves, almost terminal : calyx clothed with adpressed pubes- cence. Ovary 16-ovulate, stipitate. 1; . G. Native of Mexico, near Guanaxuato. F'lowers about tlie size of those of C. incana. Soft Crotalaria. Shrub 2 feet. 106 C. Maypi!re'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 403.) branchlets angular ; stipulas capillary ; leaflets lan- ceolate, obtuse, somewhat mucronate, glabrous above, and clothed with adpressed pubescence beneath ; racemes many- flowered, almost terminal ; calyxes clothed with .idpressed pu- bescence ; legume many-seeded, hairy. Ij . .S. Native on the banks of the river Orinoco, near M;iypures. iMayptires Crotalaria. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. T 2 140 LEGUMINOS.*:. XLVII. Crotalaria. 107 C. vitelli'ka (Ker. bot. reg. t. 447.) plant exstipulate, pubescent; leaflets oval-lanceolate, acute, twice the length of the petioles, which are covered with hairs ; legume oblong, pen- dulous, silky-pubescent. fj . S. Native of Brazil. Racemes 3-5 inches long. Flowers of a fulvous-yellow colour, but with the vexillum spotted with violet at the base. ro/A-W-c Crotalaria. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1819. Sh. 2to3ft. 108 C. iioLosERi'cEA (Nees et Mart. nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 26.) the whole plant clothed with silky villi ; stipulas subulate ; leaflets rhomboidal, oval, obtuse, mucronate ; racemes opposite the leaves ; vexillum bicallous at the base ; legume villous, elliptic, 5-6-secded. tj . S. Native of Brazil, in fields. Flowers yellow. An intermediate species between C, vilell'ina and C. purpurascens. Whole-silky Crotalaria. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 10!) C. cylindroca'rpa (D. C. prod. 2. p. 133.) stipulas dlmidiate-nblong, acute at both ends, rather falcate ; leaflets elliptic-oblong, rather puliescent beneath as well as the branch- lets ; racemes opposite the leaves ; legumes sessile, cylindrical, 2G-30-seeded, rather pubescent, apiculated by the style, rather spreading ; stem erect, somewhat panicled. Tj . S. Native of Senegal. C. paniculata, Pers. in litt. but not of Wilkl. Cyimdrical-Jrutted Crotalaria. Shrub. 110 C. Senegale'nsis (Bade in litt. 1820.) stipulas small, subulate, spreading, deciduous ; leaflets oval, obtuse, smoothish ; racemes opposite the leaves ; legumes sessile, pendulous, pubes- cent, obovate, 8-10-seeded, crowned by the hooked style ; stem erect, much branched, pubescent. ©. S. Native of Senegal. C. uncinata y, Lam. Pers. 1. c. C. gracilis, Perr. in litt. 1825. Senegal Cvois\2ix\a. Fl. June, Jidy. Clt. 1819. PI. 1 foot. inc. podoca'rpa (D. C. prod. 2. p. 133.) plant erect, hispid all over from spreading hairs ; stipulas dimidiate, oval-oblong, erect, leafy ; leaflets obovate, obtuse, mucronate; racemes op- posite the leaves ; legume stipitate, turgid, ovate, glabrous, apiculated by the st\le, 12-18-seeded. ©. S. Native of Se- negal, in the Sahara desert. The plant has the habit of Lotus hi r situs. Foot-fruited Crotalaria. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 112 C. unc'ine'lla (Lam. diet. 2. p. 200.) stipulas smaller wantuig ; leaflets oval, mucronate, pubescent beneath ; racemes opposite the leaves ; legume stipitate, somewhat globose, hooked Irom the style, silky-velvety, 2-4-seeded ; stem erect, much branched, pubescent. ©. S." Native of the island of Bourbon. yar. ft, glabra (D. C. prod. 2. p. 133.) leaves and legumes glabrous ; leaflets oblong, somewhat elliptic. ©. S. Native of Bourbon. Perhaps a species. //oofcrf-slyled Crotalaria. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 113 C. spii.iiroca'rpa (Perr. in litt. 1825.) stipulas small; leaflets oblong-obovate, pubescent beneath; racemes opposite the leaves; legumes sessile, ovate-globose, clothed with fine pubescence, apiculated by the filiform style, 2-4-seeded ; stem erect, mucli branched, pubescent. Ij . S. Native of Senegal. An intermediate species between the preceding and the follow- ing. Stamens permanent, at the base of the legume. Romid-fruiled Crotalaria. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 1 14 C. medicaginea (Lam. diet. 2. p. 201.) stipulas subulate, spreading ; leaflets obovate-cuneatcd, emarginate, clothed beneath with adpressed pubescence, shorter than the petioles ; racemes opposite the leaves or terminal, elongated, and with some of the flowers disposed in axillary bundles ; legume sessile, roundish, hooked from the thick base of the style, 2-4-seeded, minutely pubescent. ©. ? S. Native of the East Indies. C. trifoli- astrum. Wilhl. spec. 3. p. 983. Lupinus trifoliatus, Kottl. nov. act. nat. ciu-. 4. 1803. p. 223. t. 5. M edick-like Crola\M\si. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 ft. 115 C. lupuuna (D. C. prod. 2. p. 133.) stipulas setaceous, small ; leaflets lanceolate, acute, mucronate, clothed with ad- pressed pubescence beneath as well as the calyxes ; racemes 9-10-flowered, opposite the leaves; legume ovate, many-seeded, puberulous. ©. G. Native of Mexico, on the burning Mount Jorullo. Hop Crotalaria. PI. 1 foot. 116 C. stricta (Roth. nov. spec. 342.) stipulas setaceous, adpressed ; leaflets cuneated, emarginate, mucronate, canescent beneath, length of petioles ; stem straight ; lower flowers axil- lary, in fascicles, upper ones disposed in a terminal raceme ; le- gume pilose, globose, hooked at the apex. ©. ? S. Native of the East Indies. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from the preceding species. Straight Crotalaria. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 117 C. RiGiDA (Roth. 1. c.) stipulas lanceolate-subulate ; leaf- lets cuneiform, emarginate, covered with hoary pili beneath, length of petioles ; stem divaricate ; lower flowers axillary, in fascicles, upper ones disposed in terminal racemes. Tj . S. Na- tive of the East Indies. »S7!^ Crotalaria. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 118 C. PURPUREA (Vent. malm. t. 66.) stipulas subulate; leaflets . obovate, retuse, somewhat einarginate, glabrous above, and miniitely pubescent beneath ; racemes terminal ; legume ovate, glabrous, apiculated by the style, on a very short stipe, many-seeded, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ker. bot. reg. 128. C. elegans, Hortul. Flowers deep purple. PMr^i/e Crotalaria. Fl. Mar. May. Clt. 1790. Sh. 3 to 6 ft. 119 C. littora'lis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 401.) suffruticose, procumbent; stipulas subulate, very minute ; leaflets 3, obovate-oblong, emarginate, beset with adpressed pili ; peduncles 5-7-flowered, opposite the leaves and terminal ; legume usually 2-seeded, clothed with adpressed pubescence as well as the calyxes. Ij . S. Native of Cuba, near Havannah ? Shore Crotalaria. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 120 C. MicROPHYLLA (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 52.) stipulas seta- ceous, spreading ; leaflets oblong, glabrous, thickish, length of petioles ; peduncles opposite the leaves and terminal, 2-flowered ; legume glabrous, oblong, on a short stipe ; stem decuinbent. I^ . G. Native of Arabia Felix. Leaflets 2 lines long. Small-leaved CYota\ar[a. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PL 1 ft. 121 C. micra'ntiia (Link, enum. 2. p. 229.) leaflets oblong, obtuse, mucronulate, beser. beneath with scattered adpressed pili; racemes short, terminal; calyxes silky. 0. S. Native of Ceylon. *Ho//-/o?w)W Crotalaria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 ft. 122 C. pa'llida (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 3. p. 20.) leaflets lanceolate, glabrous; racemes terminal, spike-formed. ©. G. Native of Africa. Pn/e-flowered Crotalaria. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt. 1775. PI. I to 2 ft. 123 C. ? arge'ntea (Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 2. p. 220.) clothed with white tomentum ; leaflets lanceolate, shorter than the pe- tiole ; peduncles 1 -flowered, opposite the leaves, nearly terminal; legume stipitate, compressed, clothed with silvery wool. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow. Habit of Lotus or Coronilla. Calyx tripartite. 6;/i, pubesccns (D. C. 1. c.) leaves pubescent, rather dis- tant ; flowers larger. Z?oft/-'/in/)«/-sepalled Aspalathus. .Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 29 A. uniflora (Lin. spec. 1001. but not of Lam. ex mus. hort. par.) leaves in fascicles, filiform, mucronate, glabrous ; flowers lateral, solitary ; calycine segments ovate, boat-shaped, obtuse. Vi . G. — Pluk. mant. 88. t. 413. f. 7. ex Lin. Sti- pulas permanent, according to Lin. Keel of corolla tomentose. 0;(f-y/on'cm/ Aspalathus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 30 A. carnosa (Lin. mant. 261.) leaves in fascicles, fleshy, terete, obtuse, glabrous ; flowers terminal, in fours, capitate, bracteate ; calycine segments ovate, obtuse. ^ . G. Berg. cap. 20G. Sims, hot. mag. 1 289. Flowers very smooth, yellow. This species is allied to the two preceding in the calycine seg- ments being obtuse. ilcshy Aspalathus. Fl. >L)y, June. Clt. 1795. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 31 A. piNGiis (Thunb. fl. cap. 580 ) leaves in fascicles, fleshy, ovate, trigonal, obtuse, glabrous ; flowers lateral, glabrous. VOL. II. Jj . G. Branches tomentose. Leaves luirdly 1 line \nwT, Flowers yellow. Fat Aspalathus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 32 A. crassifolia (Andr. hot. rep. 351.) leaves in fascicles, fleshy, terete, glabrous, setaceous at the ajiex ; flowers capitate, terminal; calyx bracteate. I7 . G. Ait. hort. kew.ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 263. Flowers yellow. y/i/c/f-Zeawfi Aspalathus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. Sii A. AFFiNis (Thunb. fl. cap. 580.) leaves in fascicles, fleshy, terete, glabrous ; flowers lateral, bractless ; branches twiggy. \l . G. Flowers yellow. Legume ovate, glabrous. y^/Zitd Aspalathus. Fl. Juiie, July. Clt. 18''2. Sh. 2to4ft. 34 A. SANGLiNEA (Tluinb. fl. cap. 580.) leaves in fascicles, fleshy, terete, glabrous; flowers lateral, bractless; branches fastigiate. f; . G. Flowers blood-coloured, smooth, on very short pedicels. Lea\ es one line long. i^/oo(/-coloured-flow ered Aspalathus. Slirub 2 to 4 feet. 35 A. la'ctea (Thunb. fl. cap. 580.) leaves in fascicles, fili- form, glabrous, retuse ; flowers lateral, bractless. Ij . G. A pubescent shrub, with spreading leaves, and whitish-yellow, smooth flowers. jl/i//,-coloured-flowered Aspalathus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 36 A. GENisToiDEs (Liu. maiit. 261.) leaves in fascicles, fili- form, glabrous ; flowers terminal, subracemosc, glabrous ; caly- cine teeth short. Ij . G. Flowers yellow. Leaves half an inch long. Calyx and corolla pubescent. Thunb. fl. cap. 581. Genista-like Aspalathus. Shrub 9 feet. 37 A. squarrosa (Thunb. prod. 128.) leaves in fascicles, fili- form, reflexed, glabrous ; flowers solitary, terminal. >j . G. A. S(|uam6sa, Thuub. fl. cap. 581. Flowers yellow. Bracteas 3, under the calyx filiform. Calyx and the vexillum pubescent. .SV/((«;;oie Aspalathus. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1823. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 38 A. GALioiDEs (Berg. cap. 210.) leaves in fascicles, subu- late, unarmed, glabrous ; flowers twin, terminal, smooth ; stem procumbent. tj . G. IJ. . Berg. Buds remote. Calyx smooth. Legume ovate-lanceolate, smoothish. G«/i«)«-/(A-e Aspalathus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. Shrub procumbent. 39 A. retrofle'xa (Lin. sjjec. 1001.) leaves in fascicles, su- bulate, glabrous ; branchlets filiform, retroflexed, or much spreading ; flowers terminal, usually solitary. ^ . G. Calyx pubescent, 5-cleft ; lobes subulate. Corolla glabrous ; petals about equal. Legume 1 -2-seeded, obliquely lanceolate, young ones rather villous, at length pubescent. Retroflexed Aspalathus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 4U A. vu'lnerans (Thunb. fl. cap. 582.) leaves in fascicles, filiform, mucronate, spreading, glabrous ; flowers lateral, droop- ing. T; . G. Corolla yellow, smooth. Branches and calyxes pubescent. Healing Aspalathus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 41 A. piNEA (Thunb. 1. c.) leaves in fascicles, filiform, mu- cronate, erect, glabrous ; flowers lateral, tufted. Tj . G, Shrub smooth. Calyx and vexillum hairy. /'(Hc-like Aspalathus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 42 A. divarica~ta (Tlumb. 1. e.) leaves in fascicles, terete, acutely n)ucronate, glabrous ; flowers in terminal racemes. Jj- G. Branches brown, divaricate. Branchlets pubescent. Flowers yellow, pubescent. i>/>o)vV«/e Aspalathus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 43 A. suuula'ta (Thunb. 1. c.) leaves in fascicles, rather fleshy, trigonal, mucronate, glabrous. I7 • GJ. Shrub branched above ; branches tomentose. Flowers terminal, sessile, usually tern, glabrous, yellow. Calyx pubescent. ,SV6«/o?6'-leaved Aspalathus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1789. Sh. 1 to 2 feet, u 146 LEGUMINOSiE. LV. Aspalathus. 44 A. 1.AR1V1NA (D.C. prod. 2. p. 141.) leaves in fascicles, terete, mucronatc, glabrous ; flowers lateral, woolly. I; . G. A. laricifolia, Tliunb. 1. c. but not of Lam. — A pubescent shrub, with spreading leaves and yellow flowers. Zr/rcA-leaved Aspalathus. Fl. July, Aug. CIt. 1823, Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 45 A. GLOBo'sA (Andr. hot. rep. 510.) leaves in fascicles, linear, tomentose ; flowers in terminal heads, villous ; branches long, slender. ^ . G. Flowers fuscous. Globosc-Rowered Aspalathus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1801. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 4G A. junipe'rina (Thunb. 1. c.) leaves in fascicles, terete, mucronate, glabrous ; flowers terminal, glabrous. Tj . G. Branches pubescent. Flowers solitary or twin. Juniper-like Aspalathus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 47 A. ABiETiNA (Thunb. 1. c.) leaves in fascicles, filiform, and are as well as the calyxes ending in spiny mucrones, gla- brous ; flowers lateral and terminal, solitary, glabrous ; branches striated. fj.G. Flowers yellow. Segments of the calyx long, awl-shaped, pungent, about equal in length to the corolla. Fir-like Aspalathus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 48 A. trigo'na (Thunb. 1. c.) leaves in fascicles, trigonal, mucronate, glabrous ; flowers lateral. Ij . G. Branches pu- bescent. Flowers solitary, small, glabrous. Irigonal Aspalathus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 49 A. araneo'sa (Lin. spec. 1001.) leaves in fascicles, fili- form, acute, loose, hispid from spreading hairs ; flowers capitate; calycine segments subulate, hispid from pili, about equal in length to the corolla, which is silky. Tj . G. — Pluk. aim. t. 414. f. 4. — Seb. thes. 1. t. 23. f. 6. Flowers yellow, but white according to ^ims, in bot. mag. 829. and yellow when dry. A. pilosa, Sieb. pi. exsic. cap. no. 48. Anthyllis quinqueflora, Lin. fil. suppl. 325. ex herb. Burm. Stamens truly monadelphous, with the sheath cleft above. C'oi)('fi6«/ Aspalathus. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1795. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 50 A. comosa (Thunb. fl. cap. 577.) leaves in fascicles, fili- form, ])ilose ; flowers lateral, tufted. Ij . G. Corolla yellow, with the vexillum tomentose outside. Branches villous. Tufled Aspalathus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 51 A. cepiiai.otes (Thunb. 1. c.) leaves in fascicles, filiform, bluntish, rather villous ; heads terminal, hairy. fj . G. Caly- cine segments linear-subulate, hairy. Flowers larger than in any other species of the genus ; the vexillum is oval and nearly an inch long, silky on the outside. Branches hairy. Leaves 2-3 lines long. Headed .\spalathus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 52 A. tri'ciuetra (Thunb. fl. cap. 578.) leaves in fascicles, trigonal, obtuse, pilose, wrinkled ; heads terminal. t^ . G. Branches rather umbellate. Corolla yellow, glabrous. Leaves hardly a line long. Triquetrous Aspalathus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 53 A. cane'scens (Lin. mant. 2G2.) leaves in fascicles, clothed with silky tomentum, subulate, mucronulate ; flowers lateral, pubescent. Ij . G. Tube of calyx ventricose, rather hairy, acutely 5-toothod. Petals c(|ual in length. Vexillum clothed with silky tomentum outside. Ovary villous. Canescent Aspalathus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 54 A. vermicula'ta (Lam. diet. 1. p. 288.) leaves in fascicles, small, obtuse, glabrous ; flowers lateral, racemose, rather hairy. 'i • G. Leaves hardly half a line in length. VcrmiculateAeavcA Aspalathus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 55 A. ru'bens (Thunb. fl. cap. 57G.) leaves in fascicles, su- bulate, silky ; flowers solitary, silky, (j . G. Branches reddish- brown ; branchlets silky, spreading much. Leaves hardly half a line long. Aet/rfw/i-branched Aspalathus. Slirub 2 to 4 feet. 5C A. cilia'ris (Lin. mant. 262.) leaves in fascicles or trifo- liate, trigonal, acute, ciliated; heads terminal; calyx equal in length to the corolla. Tj . G. Sims, bot. mag. 2233. Flowers yellow. Corolla toiuentose. This and the five following species are perhaps more correctly referable to the following division, with the trifoliate leaves. C?7i«ry-leaved Aspalathus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1799. Sh. 2 to 3 feet. 57 A. QuiNQUEFOLiA (Lin. mant. 6. p. 92.) leaves in fascicles, trifoliate, linear-oblong, flat, rather hairy ; heads of flowers hairy ; corolla glabrous. Ij . G. — Pluk. aim. t. 278. f. 4. ex Thunb. fl. cap. 575. The heads of flowers in D. C. specimen are large and round. Five-leaved As\^Vi\a.t\\\xs. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1816. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 58 A. ca'ndicans (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 264.) leaves in fascicles, trifoliate, filiform, silky ; flowers sub-lateral with the vexillum naked. [7 . G. rr/Htoierf Aspalathus. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1774. Sh. 2to4ft. 59 A. heterophy'lla (Lin. fil. suppl. 321. Thunb. fl. cap. 575.) leaves in fascicles or trifoliate, linear, pilose; flowers spi- cate ; calyx and corolla villous. Ij . G. Leaves of branches in fascicles, of branchlets trifoliate. Vexillum tomentose on the back. Flowers yellow. Leaves and calycine segments acu- minated, rather spinose. Variable-leaved Aspalathus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 60 A. arge'ntea (Lin. spec. 1001.) leaves in fascicles, trifo- liate, ovate, clothed on both surfaces with appressed silky pu- bescence ; heads of flowers tomentose ; stem dichotomous. 1^ . G. A. sericea. Berg. cap. 212. Flowers in spicate heads. Calyx and corolla clothed with rufous, velvety, soft down. . G. Stamens with a permanent tube, about equal in length to the legume. Small-leaved Aspalathus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 7iS A. orient,\'lis (Lin. mant. 263.) leaves trifoliate, lanceo- late, pubescent ; flowers 5 in a fascicle ; calyxes pubescent ; stems erect, angular. Ij . G. Native of the Levant. Corolla yellow, about the size of those of Laburnum. Stamens connate. Perhaps a species of Crotaliiria. Urienlal Aspalathus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. § 2. Flowers distinctly pedicellate. * Leaves trifoliate. 79 A. tf.nuifo'lia (D. C. prod. 2. p. 143.) leaves trifoliate or simple ; leaflets linear, very thin, and smoothish, straight, acutish ; branchlets terete, rather pubescent at the apex ; flowers loosely racemose or almost solitary, pedicellate ; keel shorter than the vexillum. h^ . G. Leaves an inch long. Calyx smooth, 5-toothed, bractless, or pedicellate above the bracteas. Stamens all connate, with the sheath cleft in front. Legume glabrous, linear-lanceolate. Thin-leaved Aspalathus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 80 A. oistusa'ta (Thunb. prod. 125. fl. cap. 574.) leaves on very short stalks or sessile, trifoliate; leaflets obovate, obtuse, young ones clothed with adpressed villi, but at length becoming smooth ; flowers axillary, solitary, pedicellate. Ij . G. Calyx bilabiate, bractless. Vexillum and carina equal in length, but the wings are oblong and longer. Stamens monadelphous. Le- gume compressed, linear, clothed with adpressed pubescence, mucronate by the style. Obtuse-\ea.\'iiA Aspalathus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. * * Leaves in fascicles. 81 A. peduncula'ta (Lher. sert. angl. t. 26.) leaves in fasci- cles, filiform, glabrous, mucronulate ; pedicels axillary, 1- flowered, longer than the leaves, almost bractless at the apex. Jj . G. Curt. hot. mag. 344. Legume linear, clothed with adpressed pubescence, shorter than the pedicel. Bracteoles small at the apex of the pedicel. A. pedunculiita, Houtt. pfl. syst. is probably different from the present plant. Pedunculated Aspalathus. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1775. Sh. 6 ft. 82 A. suFFRUTicosA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 144.) leaves 2-5, linear, subulate, acute, rising from the same dot, pubescent from a few strigae ; peduncles axillary, longer than the leaves ; flowers 2-3, borne in small racemes. Tj . G. Lotus suffruticosus, Burni. cap. prod. 22. Suffruticose Aspalathus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 83 A. BRACTEATA (Thuiib. fl. Cap. 581.) leaves in fascicles, filiform, mucronulate, glabrous ; pedicels axillary, length of leaves, bearing 3 bracteoles similar to leaves. Ij . G. Allied to the preceding, but the lobes of the calyx are longer, and the legumes are broader and on longer pedicels. Bracteate Aspalathus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 84 A. NivEA (Thunb. fl. cap. 576.) leaves in fascicles, linear, obtuse, silvery, loose ; peduncles lateral, filiform, 1-flowered, bracteate ; calyx and corolla silky. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white. White Aspalathus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. * * * Leaves stalked, jnnnate. 85 A. ? PINNA TA (Lin. amoen. 6. p. 92.) leaves pinnate, with 5 obcordate leaflets, which are rather pilose and tomentose beneath ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; spike roundish ; corolla tomentose on the outside. 1; . G. Perhaps a species of /ndigofcra allied to /. coriacea. Pinnatc-\ea\ed Aspalathus. Shrub. 86 A.? ARBo'REA(Lour.coch. p. 431.) leaves pinnate; leaflets 5, ovate, smooth ; racemes terminal. I? . G. Native of Cochin- china, in woods. Flowers small, white. Stamens all connected, but perhaps with a dorsal fissure. Legume oblong-ovate, coin- pressed, mutic, usually 2-seeded. V 2 148 LEGUMINOS.i:. LVI. Ui.ex. LVII. Stauracantiius. LVIII. Spartium. LIX. Genista. Arhorcous Aspalathus. Tree. Cult. All the species are ratlier ornamental when in flower. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand is the soil best adapted for them, and voimg cuttings of all will strike in sand, under bell- glasses, but'the glasses must be wiped occasionally or the cuttings are very liable to damp off. LVI. U'LEX (said to be derived from ac, a point, in Celtic, in reference to the prickly branches). Lin. gen. no. 881. Lam. ill. t. G21. D. C. prod. 2. p. Id*. Lin. syst. Monadclphia, Becdndria. Calyx bibracteate, bipartite, one of the lips 3-toothed, the other bidentate. Stamens all connected. Legume oval-oblong, turgid, many-ovulate, but few-seeded, hardly longer than the calyx. — European much- branched shrubs, with the branchlets and leaves spinescent. Flowers solitary, yellow. Legumes villous. 1 U. ErR0P.Eu's(Lin. spec. 1015. var. n.') erect ; leaves lanceo- late-linear, and with the branchlets rather villous ; bracteas ovate, loose; calyx pubescent, with the teeth nearly obsolete and con- verging, fj . H. Native of commons, heaths, and waste places throughout Europe. Smith, engl. hot. t. 742. U. grandiflorus, Pourr. U. vernalis, Thore. Provence appears to be the boundary, south, of furze ; north- wards it does not grow in Sweden or Russia. Linnaeus lamented that he could hardly preserve it alive in a greenhouse. Many parts of Germany are perfectly destitute of this plant. The furze is either called whins or gorse in England. In France it is called ajonc or jonc-mnrin, contracted to jomarin. Some years ago the seeds of furze were sown for hedges, and if the soil was light it soon became strong enough for a fence against cattle, but in a few years these hedges become naked. Duhamel speaks much in favour of furze as fodder for cattle. It has also been used for fodder in Scotland. Team hordes may be supported by this shrub, if the tops are cut young and bruised in a mill to break the thorns. Goats, kine, sheep, and horses feed upon the tender tops. In some parts of Britain it is culti- vated for fuel, where peat or coals are dear. / fir. ft, Jlore-plino ; flowers double. This is a very showy plant when in flower, being profusely clothed with elegant double yellow flowers. It is well adapted for ornamenting shrubberies. European or Common Furze or Whin. Fl. Feb. Jan. Britain. Shrub 3 to C feet. 2 U. n.i'nus (Smith, fl. brit. 757. engl. hot. t. 743.) decum- bent ; leaves linear, and are as well as the branches smooth ; bracteas minute, adpressed ; calyx glabrous, with spreadinff, lanceolate teeth. Tj . H. Native of England on heaths, and in the western parts of France. U. minor, Roth. cat. 1. p. 83. U. Europee'us ft, Lin. spec. 104-5. U. autumnalis, Thore. lhiarJV\\\7x'. Fl. Aug. Dec. Britain. Shrub decumbent. 3 U. I'lioviNtiALis (Lois. not. 105. t. 6. f. 2.)erect; leaves lanceolate, linear, and are as well as the branches glabrous ; bracteas minute, adpressed ; calyx rather pubescent, with lan- ceolate distant teeth, hardly exceeding the corolla. Ij . H. Native of Provence, Andegavany, and Mauritania. D. C. fl. franc, suppl. no. 379S). The characters of this species, as well as the size, are intermediate between the two preceding. I'viivincial Furze. Fl. Aug. Dec. Clt. 1820. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 4 U. Hibe'rnica (G. Don, in Loud, hort.brit. p. 280.) erect; leaves linear, ciliated ; spines branched, ])ubescent as well as the branches, both furrowed. Ip . H. Native of Ireland. H. stricta, Ilortul. This is a very upright plant, the spines more mild than in the other species. It is an excellent plant for form- ing hedges. Irish Furze. Fl. July, Aug. Ireland. Shrub G to 10 feet. Cult. I his, although a very elegant genus of plants, is seldom cidtivated unless for hedges, except the double variety of U. Europceus, which is a very elegant plant when in bloom, and is increased by young cuttings, planted under a hand-glass. The rest are usually increased by seeds. LVII. STAUR AC A'NTHUS (from aravpoc, stauros, a cross, and a(.a)'0a, akantha, a spine ; in reference to the spines each having 2 small spines at the side, giving the appearance of a cross). Link, in Schrad. neue journ. 2. p. 1. and 52. LiN. SYST. Monadelp/iia, Decdndria. Calyx bipartite ; upper lip bifid, lower one tridentate. Stamens all connected. Legume compressed, many-seeded, exserted, a long way beyond the calyx. A leafless shrub, with the habit of U^lex, and from it not probably distinct. 1 S. APHVLLUs (Link. 1. c). Ij . H. Native of Portugal in sandy pine woods. UMex genistoides, Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 78. Bracteoles small, under the calyx. Branches divaricate. Le- gume fjuite smooth. Leafess Stauracanthus. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. Cull. This is a very elegant plant when in flower, and well fitted for the front of shrubberies. It may be either increased by young cuttings planted in sand under a hand-glass, or by seeds. LVIII. SPA'RTIUM (from airaproy, sparton, cordage ; use of plant in early ages). D. C. leg. mem. v. prod. 2. p. 145. — Spartianthus, Link. enum. 2. p. 223. — Genista, spec. Lam. Moench. — Spartium, spec. Lin. Lin. syst. Monadtlphia, Decdndria. Calyx membranous, spathaceous, cleft above, 5-toothed at the apex, somewhat bila- biate. Corolla with a roundish, complicated vexillum, and an acuiTiinated keel, and the petals a little agglutinated, but part- able. Stamens monadelphous. Legume compressed, many- seeded, glandless. — A smooth shrub, with twiggy terete branches, and a few lanceolate leaves. Flowers large, distant, yellow-, disposed in terminal racemes. 1 S. ju'nceum (Lin. spec. 995.). Tj . H. Native of the South of Europe, in rugged dry places. Duham. arbr. ed. nov. 2. t. 22. Sims, bot. mag. 85. Genista jiincea, Lam. G. odorata, Moench. Spartianthus ji'inceus. Link. Flowers sweet-scented ; sometimes the plant is to be found with double flowers in gar- dens. Bees are very fond of the flowers, and the same qualities which are attributed to the common broom belong also to this, although in an inferior degree. In Languedoc they make thread of it, and it is there used as a green food for sheep. TJi'i/i or Spanish Broom. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1548. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. Cult. Spanish Broom is a very ornamental plant when in bloom, and therefore well fitted for shrubberies. It is usually increased by seeds, which ripen in abundance ; young cuttings will root if planted under a hand-glass. LIX. GENI'STA (from^e)i, Celtic, signifying a small bush). Lam. diet. 2. p. GIC. ill. t. 619. D. C. leg. mem. VI. prod. 2. p. 145.). Genista et Spartium, spec. Lin. LiN. SYST. Monadilphia, Decdndria. Calyx bilabiate, upper lip bipartite, lower one tridentate, or 5-lobed, the 3 lower lobes nearly joined to the apex. Vexillum oblong-oval (f. 29. «.). Carina oblong, straight (f. 29. 6.), not always containing the geni- tals. Stamens monadelphous (f. 29. c). Legume compressed, rarely rather turgid (f. 29. d.), many-seeded, rarely few-seeded, glandless. Shrubs with yellow flowers. * Unarmed. Leaves all, or for the most part, trifoliate. 1 G. parviflo'ra (D. C. prod. 2. p. 145.) leaves trifoliate, on very short petioles ; leaflets linear-lanceolate, glabrous, usually LEGUMINOSiE. LIX. Genista. 119 j . H. Native about Tangiers. Spartium interriiptum, Cav. anal. 1801. vol. 4. p. 58. Three-spined Genista. Fl. May, July. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 27 G. infe'sta ; branches striated, spiny; leaves ternate ; leaflets obovate, silky beneath ; legumes compressed, and are, as well as the bracteas, covered with adpressed silky pili. I; . H. Native of Calabria, in bushy places by the sea side. Spartium infestum, Gussone, pi. rar. p. 290. Troublesome Genista. Fl. May. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 28 G. cuspiDosA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 147.) leaves trifoliate and simple ; leaflets ovate, oval or lanceolate ; branches spiny, terete, divaricate, young ones rather leafy ; flowers alternate. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Spartium cuspidatum, Burch. cat. no. 1696. voy. 1. p. 348. A much-branched stiff shrub. Legume oblong, membranous, few-seeded. Cuspidate Genista. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. * * * Spinose. Leaves all simple. 29 G. hirsu'ta (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 51.) leaves lanceolate, and are, as well as the branches, liairy ; spines trifid, striated ; spikes terminal, hairy ; corolla pilose, having the carina twice the length of the keel ; legume pubescent, 1-seeded. ^ . H. Na- tive of Spain and Portugal. J^ar. ji, cuspidata (D. C. prod. 2. p. 148.) spines much elon- gated. ^2 • H. Native of the north of Africa. Spartium cus- pidatum, Cav. anal. 1801. p. 56. Var. y, orientalis (D. C. prod. 2. p. 148.) spines hardly longer than the leaves, trifid or simple. Ij . H. Native of the Levant, near Tschesme. Hairy Genista. Shrub. 30 G. Algarvie'nsis (Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 89.) leaves lanceo- late ; spines simple, solitary ; flowers terminal, subcapitate ; bracteas hairy. '^ . H. Native of Algarves. G. hirsiita var. c Algarviensis, D. C. prod. 2. p. 148. Calyx and corolla yellow. Algarves Genista. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 31 G. TiiicuspiDA^TA (Desf. atl. 2. p. 13S. t. 183.) leaves lan- ceolate, and are, as well as the branches, hairy or glabrous ; spines somewhat tetranonal, stiff, for the most part trifid ; racemes spike-formed, terminal ; calyx rather hairy ; corolla glabrous ; keel twice the length of the vexillum and wings. Jj . H. Na- tive of Algiers, on hills. Spartium tricuspidatum, Cav. 1. c. Tricuspidate-\ea\eA Genista. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 32 G. Gibralta'rica (D. C. prod. 2. p. 148.) leaves linear- lanceolate, glabrous, as well as the branches, calyxes, and corol- las ; branches decumbent, flexible ; spines trifid and simple, LEGUMINOSiE. LIX. Genista. 151 usually leafy ; racemes terminal, somewhat spicate ; carina longer than the vexillum and wings. h . H. Native on the rocks of Gibraltar, about St. Roque. 'JMiis ]ilant (litters from G. triciis2>idula in the habit being looser, and in the calycine lobes being very acute and spiny. Gibraltar Genista. Shrub decumbent. 33 G. tki'dens (Cav. anal, scienc. nat. 1801. 4. p. 59.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, glabrous ; spines trifid, stiff"; racemes ter- minal ; calyxes and corollas glabrous ; keel a little longer than the wings. (; . F. Native of the north of Africa, about Tan- giers. Leaves become concave when drying. Trid(nl-S]>'med Genista. Shrub 2 feet. 31 G. sylve'stris (Scop. earn. no. 875.) leaves linear-lanceo- late, glabrous above, but clothed with adpressed villi beneath ; spines axillary, branched, slender ; raceme spicate, terminal ; flowers glabrous ; calycine teeth rather spiny ; carina longer than the vexillum and wings. I; . H. Native of Carniola and of Croatia on hills. G. Hispanica, Jacq. icon. rar. t. 557. JVood Genista. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1 to 2 feet. 35 G. yEoYPTiACA (Spreng. nov. prov. 20.) leaves linear-lan- ceolate, ending in a spiny mucrone ; spines branched ; stem fur- rowed, beset with spreading hairs ; racemes sccund ; corollas smootli. h . F. Native of Egypt. This species comes very near G. syliestris, but differs in having spreading hairs, not ad- pressed ones, and therefore referable to G. Hisimnica. Egyptian Genista. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 36 G. falca'ta (Brot. phyt. 133. t. 55. fl. lus. 2. p. 89.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, upper and cauline ones roundish, having the margins, middle nerve, and branchlets rather villous ; spines stiff, and for the most part trifid ; racemes few-flowered ; carina longer than the vexillum and wings ; flowers glabrous ; legumes falcate, many-seeded. Tj . H. Native of Portugal, in Biera and Estramadura. /a/ro/e-legumed Genista. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 37 G. Corsica (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 548.) plant quite smooth ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; stipulas rather spinescent ; spines simple, rigid ; flowers axillary, solitary, pedicellate ; carina length of the glabrous vexillum ; legume 4-8-seeded, quite smooth. Jj . H. Native of Corsica, about Bastia, Boni- facio, &c. Spartium Corsicum, Lois. fl. gall. p. 440. Var. fi, pubescens (D. C. prod. 2. p. 148.) branches and young leaves clothed with adpressed pubescence. Ij . H. Na- tive of Corsica, near Calvi. Corsican Genista. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 38 G. scoRPius (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 498.) leaves very few, oblong, rather silky ; sjjines branched, spreading, striated, smooth ; flowers in fascicles, somewhat racemose, on short pe- dicels, glabrous ; carina length of vexillum ; legnme 2-4-seeded. Tj . H. Native of Spain, in arid places, and sonth of France, as well as Barbary. Wats. dent. brit. 78. Shrub very thorny, and when in an adult state almost leafless. Spartium scorpius, Lin. spec. 995. G. spiniflora. Lam. diet. 2. p. 621. — Clus. hist. 1. p. 106. f. 1. Scorpion Genista. Fl. March, Ap. Clt. 1570. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 39 G. Hispanica (Lin. s])ec. 999.) leaves lanceolate, villous; spines branched, stiff; floriferous branches unarmed ; racemes terminal, somewhat capitate ; carina villous, length of the vexil- lum, which is smooth ; legume oval, 2-4-seeded, rather hispid, when mature rather smoothish. Tj . H. Native of Spain and south of France. Cav. icon. 3. t. 211. Lam. ill. t. 619. f. 3. Spines in the old branches beneath the leafy branchlets. Spanish GenisU. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. Sh. |^ to 1 ft. 40 G. A'nglica (Lin. spec. 999.) smooth; leaves ovate-lan- ceolate ; spines simple ; floriferous branches unarmed ; racemes few-Howered, terminal ; carina longer than the wings and vexil- lum ; legume ovate-cylindrical, many-seeded. t; . H, Native of Europe, in F'rancc, Denmark, &c. In Britain on moist, boggy, heathy commons. Smith, cngl. hot. 132. G. minor, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 615. — Lob. icon. 2. p. 93. f. 2. Uoot woody, long, and cree])ing. English Genista or Petty Whin. Fl. May, June. Britain. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 41 G. Germa'nica (Lin. spec. 995.) leaves lanceolate, rather hairy ; spines simple or branched ; floriferous branches un- armed ; racemes terminal ; flowers rather villous ; carina longer than the vexillum and wings ; legume ovate, hairy, 2-4-seeded. \2 • H. Native of Europe, in woods, and on heaths. Scorpius spinosus, Mcench. meth. 134. Voglera spinosa, fl. Wett. 2. p. 500. — Fuchs. hist. 220. icon. far. ft, inirmis (D. C. prod. 2. p. 149.) spines almost wanting. German Genista. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1773. Sh. 2 to 3 feet. * * * * Unarmed. Leaves all simple. 42 G. pu'rgans (Lin. spec. 999.) erect, much branched ; branches terete, striated ; leaves very few, lanceolate, almost sessile, rather silky ; flowers axillary, solitary, on short pedicels; petals about equal in length, glabrous ; young legumes clothed with adpressed pubescence. Jj . H. Native of France, on hills, especially in the Cevennes. Bull. herb. 115. Spartium pur- gans, Lin. syst. 474. Perhaps nearly allied to Cylisus nubi- genus. The seeds are cathartic. Purging Genista. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 17C8. Sh. 3 to 6 feet. 43 G. RAMOsissiMA (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 715.) much branched, erect ; branches striated, tul)erculatcd ; leaves few, lanceolate, villous ; flowers nearly sessile along the branches, crowded ; petals silky, about equal in length, Ij . IL Native of Mount Atlas, near 'J'lemsen. Spartium ramosissimum, Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 132. t. 178. Fruit unknown. Much-branched Genista. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 44 G. cine'rea (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 494.) erect, much branclicd ; branches striated ; leaves lanceolate, clothed with adpressed pubescence ; flowers almost sessile along the branches, solitary ; petals silky, about equal in length ; legume clothed with ad- pressed villi, 4-6-seeded. ^ . H. Native on arid hills and mountains, from Arragon to Nice, in the limits of olives. Spar- tium cinereum, Vill. prosp. 40. G. scoparia, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 420. exclusive of synonymes. G. florida, Asso, ar. 94. Cinereous Genista. Fl. Ju. July. Shrub 2 to 6 feet. 45 G. virga'ta (D. C. prod. 2. p. 149.) branches twiggy, terete, striated ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, rather silky ; flowers disposed in something like racemes ; petals silky, about equal in length ; legume villous, 1-3-sceded, compressed, rather torose between the seeds. ^2 . F. Native of Madeira. Spartium virgatLun, Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 11. Cy'tisiis tener, Jacq. icon, rar. t. 147. G. gracilis, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 715. 'Iwiggy Genista. Fl. March, Jul. Clt. 1777. Shrub 3 to 4 ft. 46 G. conge'sta (D. C. prod. 2. p. 149.) branches terete, striated, much crowded ; leaves lanceolate, silky ; flowers ter- minal, racemose, on very short pedicels ; vexillum glabrous ; carina pubescent. Ij . G. Native of Teneriffe. Spartium congestum, Willd. enum. 2. p. 744. Allied to G. virgata. C;ow'(/trf-branched Genista. Fl. Ap. July. Sh. 2 to 4 feet. 47 G. stylosa (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 17G.) branches slender, angular, flexuous, and are, as well as the leaves, linear and smooth ; flowers in terminal racemes ; calyx bracteolate ; style elongated, permanent. h^ . H. Native oif Portugal. Genista bracteolat.T, Wdld. herb. Flowers yellow. Lnn'^-styled Genista. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 48 G. sERicEA (Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 167.) decumbent ; branches erect, terete ; leaves linear-lanceolate, silky beneath ; flowers 3-4, terminal, sub-racemose ; jietals silky, about erpial in length ; calycine lobes oblong, acuminated. Ij . H. Native 15-2 LEGUMINOSjE. LIX. Genista. of Austria and Croatia, in subalpine places near the shore. — Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 556. Floral leaves about equal in length to the calyx. Sillcy Genista. FI. May, June. Clt. 1S12. Sh. |. foot. 49 G. iiUMiFu'sA (Lin. spec. 998. Vill. dauph. 3. p. 421. t. 44.) procumbent ; brandies twisted, tubercled, as stiff as spines at the apex, hairy, as well as the leaves, which are linear-lan- ceolate ; flowers axillary, solitary, nearly sessile ; petal* silky, about equal in length ; calycine lobes ovate, aeutish. T^ . H. Native of the Levant and of Dauphiny, near Gap. Trailing GmKla. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1 SI 9. Sh. trailing. 50 G. aphy'lla (D. C. prod. 2. p. 149.) branched, erect; leaves very few, linear, very short ; racemes terminal, elongated, dense-flowered ; legumes compressed, 2-seeded, young ones tomentose, adult ones glabrous. Ij . H. Native of Siberia, in deserts about the Volga. Flowers violaceous. Spartium aphyl- lum, Lin. fil. suppl. 320. Pall. itin. ed. gall, append, no. 357. t. 99. f. 2. G. virgata, Lam. diet. 2. p. 616. Leajkss Genista. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. Sh. 3 to 4 feet. 51 G. monosi'e'rma (Lam. diet. 2. p. 616.) branches erect; leaves very few, linear-oblong, clothed with adpressed pubes- cence ; racemes lateral, few-flowered ; petals silky, about equal in length ; legume ovate, inflated, membranous, glabrous, 1-2- seeded. T; . H. Native of Portugal, Spain, Barbary, and Egypt. Spartium monospermum, Lin. spec. 995. Curt. hot. mag. 683. — Clus. hist. 1. p. 103. G. Rae'tam, Forsk. Flowers white. Branches slender, twiggy, flexile. The use of this shrub along the shores of Spain is very great in stopping the sand. It converts the most barren spot into a fine odoriferous garden by its flowers, which continue a long time. The leaves and young branches are delicious food for goats. The twigs are used for tying bundles. Forskcel found the plant in Arabia, and Dtsfontains in Barbary. The Spaniards call it Rcelamas from its Arabian name Rcelam. Onc-sccded Gm\sia. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1670. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 52 G. sph.ekoca'rpa (Lam. diet. 2. p. 616.) twiggy branched ; leaves few, linear, smoothish ; racemes lateral, many-flowered ; petals glabrous, equal in lengtli ; legume ovate, rather fleshy, 1-2-seeded. I- . H. Native of the south of Europe and Bar- bary. Spartium sphanocarpon, Lin. mant. 571. — Clus. hist. 1. p. 102. f. 2. Flowers small, yellow. Rotmd-fruilcd Qewxsia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1731. Shrub a to 4 feet. 53 G. jEtune'nsis (D. C. prod. 2. p. 150.) erect, much branched ; leaves few, linear, silky ; racemes terminal ; petals rather glabrous, about equal in length ; legume obliquely ovate, compressed, 2-3-sceded, young ones pubescent. I; . H. Native of Mount Etna, in the wooded region. Spartium /Ethnense, Biv. St. sic. mant. 2. Kafin. speech. 1 . p. 17. Sims, bot. mag. 2674.^ Spartium trispermum. Smith in Rces' cycl. vol. 32. no. 5. Flowers yellow, twice the size of those of G. sjjiiwrocurpa, but one-half smaller than those of G. jiiiicea. Mount Elna Genista. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1816. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 54 G. multicau'lis (Lam. diet. 2. p. 617.) humble ; branches erect, twiggy ; leaves linear-oblong, rather glabrous, tapering into the petiole at the base ; flowers solitary, on short pedicels'; calyx clothed with adpressed silky pubescence ; corolla glabrous'. h . U. Native of the Balearic Island':. Many-stemmed Genista. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 55 G. tetkago'na (Besser. enum. cont. 2. p. 73. no. 887.) stem tetragonal, furrowed, decumbent ; branches ascending ; loaves nearly o|)posite, lanceolate, young ones and calyxes rather silky; flowers somewhat racemose; corolla glabrous. Ij . H. Native of the south of Podolia, in high flelds at Tyra. 7Wrflgonr(/-branched Genista. Fl. June, Julv. Clt. IS'22. Shrub decumbent. 56 G. tenuifolia (Lois. not. 169.) stems weak ; branches terete, striated, erectish ; leaves linear, 1 -nerved, glabrous; flowers disposed in terminal racemes, and are as well as the legumes glabrous. T^.H. Native of Piedmont. This species is nearly allied to G. tinctbria and G. depressa, from which it is hardly distinct, unless in the flowers being smaller. Finc-lcaecd Genista. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 57 G. depre'ssa (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 460.) stems decum- bent; floriferous branches triquetrous, ascending; leaves lan- ceolate, acute, clothed with adpressed pili ; flowers in the upper axils of the leaves on short pedicels, disposed in such a manner as to appear a leafy raceme ; corolla glabrous. 1^ . H. Native of Tauria, on mountains, and about Constantinople. Very like G. mdnticum. Depressed Genista. Shrub decumbent. 58 G. scARio'sA (Viv. ann. bot. 1. p. 2. p. 175. fragm. fl. ital. 1. p. 5. t. 8.) quite smooth; stem ascending; young branches triquetrous ; leaves, lanceolate or the lower ones are obovate, with scarious margins ; flowers racemose ; corolla twice the length of the calyx. V^ . H. Native of Liguria, on hills from Genoa to Sarzana, and in the kingdom of Naples, ex. Tenore, fl. nap. 2. p. 127. G. Januensis, Viv. cat. p. 10. Bert. pi. G. Genuensis, Pers. ench. no. 5. Legume linear, 4-7-seeded, somewhat coarctate. /Scaczows-margined-leaved Genista. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1821. Shrub ascendent. 59 G. Anxa'ntica (Ten. fl. nap. prod. p. 41. fl. nap. 2. p. 127. t. 66.) quite smooth; stems diffuse; branches angular; leaves ovate-elliptic, rather coriaceous, veiny ; flowers racemose ; corolla 3-tinies longer than the caly.x. 1^ . H. Native of valleys of Naples, called Amsantica. Corolla 8 lines long. Legume 8-10-seeded. The name is called by the author Jnxdntica in his ])rod. fl. nap. p. 41. and Amsdnctica in his fl. nap. text. A Hxanlic Ge\\\sX.?i. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Sh. diffuse. 60 G. TiNCTO^RiA (Lin. spec. 998.) root creeping ; stems erect ; branches terete, striated, erect ; leaves lanceolate, smoothish ; flowers disposed in spicate racemes, and are as well as the le- gimies smooth. Tj . H. Native of Europe, frequent in fields and woods ; in England in pastures, thickets, and dry borders of fields. Smith, engl. bot. 44. Fuchs. hist. 809. Genis- toides tinctoria, Mocnch. 132. The G. tinctoria is called Base- hroom, Green-weed, Green-wuod, Dyers'-iveed, and IVood-naxen. When cows feed on it their milk and the butter or cheese made from it are said to be very bitter. A bright yellow colour may be prepared from the flowers, and for wool that is to be dyed green with woad the dyers prefer it to all others. A drachm and a half of the powdered seeds operates as a mild purgative. A decoction of the plant is sometimes diuretic, and therefore has proved serviceable in dropsical cases, and a salt prepared from the ashes is recommended to be used in that disorder. Var. /3, lalifoUa (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. 547.) leaves broad-lan- ceolate. I; . H. Native of Auvergne on the Golden Mount. J ar. 7, hirsuta (D. C. prod. 2. p. 151.) leaves rather villous ; branches erect. I ar. c, pralensis (Poll. pi. ver. 19.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, rather hairy ; branches ascending. T^ . H. Native of Italy, on the upper mountains. Dyers' Broom or Green-weed. Fl. June, Aug. Brit. Sh. 1 to 2 feet. 61 G. Sibi'rica (Lin. mant. 571.) stems erect; branches terete, striated, erect ; leaves lanceolate, glabrous ; flowers dis- posed m spicate racemes ; spikes disposed in panicles, and are as well as the legumes smooth. h. H. Native of Siberia. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 190. Genistoides elata, Mocnch. meth. 132. The plant is very like G. tinctoria, but altogether smooth, erect, more slender, and usually taller. LEGUMINOSiE. LIX. Gi;msta. 153 ^(Vx-Wfl)) Genista. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1785. SIi. 2 to 6 ft. C2 G. polygal.efo'li.v (D. C. prod. 2. p. 1.01.) stem erect, brandies terete, striated, erect; leaves lanceolate, rather silky beneath, as well as the calyxes ; racemes somewhat secund, dis- posed in panicles ; corolla smooth. f; . H. Native of the north of Portugal. G. polygalwpln'lla, Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 86. G. exaltat.T, Link. G. tinctoria Lusitanica maxima, Tourn. inst. 6i3. Allied to G.Jlurida. Milk-ivorl-leaved Genista. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. G3 G. Peureymondi (Lois. fl. gall. ex. bull. sci. aug. 1828. p. 425.) stems decumbent ; branches terete, striated, rather erect; leaves lanceolate, smoothish ; flowers racemose, terminal; legume clothed witli canescent villi. fj . H. Native of France. Like G. tinctoria. Flowers yellow. Perrcijmond's Genista. Fl. July. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 64 G. FLORIDA (Lin. spec. 998.) stem erect ; branches stri- ated, terete ; leaves lanceolate, and are as well as the legumes clothed with adpressed silky down ; branches secund ; corolla glabrous. fj . H. Native of Spain. Legume 2-4-seeded, somewhat irregularly coarctate. /7o»;rf Genista. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1752. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 65 G. ri'LCHLi.LA (Visiani, pi. dalm. ex. hot. zeit. Jan. 1830. p. 51.) silky; stems diffuse, much branched; branches fur- rowed, young ones striped, tubercled at the buds, and rufescent at the apex ; leaves simple, lanceolate, entire, small ; flowers in crowded racemes, the pedicels all leaning to one side ; wings smooth, shorter than the keel ; legumes pendulous, 2-3-seeded. ^ . H. Native of Dalmatia. Like G. /El/inensis and G.Jlorida, but more silky. A'eat Genista. .Shrub diffiise. 66 G. Ma'ntica (Poll. fl. ver. 2. p. 458. t. 4. f. 7.) stems nu- merous, prostrate, angularly striated, hairy-pubescent ; leaves linear-lanceolate, pubescently-hairy ; peduncles axillary, shorter than the leaves ; corolla glabrous ; legume clothed with silky villi, h . H. Native of Italy, in woods near Mantua. Spreng. pug. 2. p. 73. Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. p. 151. Allied to G. oviita and G. tinctoria, of which last it is probably a variety. il/an?«a Genista. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. Sh. prostrate. 67 G. ova'ta (Waldst. et Kit. pi. hung. 1. t. 84.) stems nu- merous, hairy, erectish, somewhat herbaceous, striated, terete ; leaves ovate, or ovate-oblong, and are as well as the legumes hairy; racemes short ; corolla smooth. Tj . H. Native of Scla- vonia and Hungary, and on the hills of Italy, from Piedmont to Naples. G. oviita, Balb. Bert. Sav. Ten. G. nervata. Kit. in litt. 1815. is hardly distinct. Otfl^e-leaved Genista. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 68 G. pa'tula (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 148.) much branched, quite smooth ; branches terete, striated, panicled, spreading ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminated ; flowers and legumes gla- brous, t; . H. Native of Tauria, on hills at the river Cyrus, near Tiflis. This species is nearly allied to G. tinctoria, but the flowers are one-half smaller. Spreading Genista. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. .Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 69 G. trianglla'ris (Willd. spec. 3. p. 939.) smooth ; branches triquetrous, and are as well as the stems ascending ; leaves lanceolate, mucronate ; flowers axillary ; legume com- pressed, niucronate. I^ . H. Native of Hungary, on calcareous rocks. G. triquetra, ^Valdst. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 165. t. 153. but not of Aiton. Legume glabrous. 2'r(nHg(//a)-stemmed Genista. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1815. Shrub ascending, 1 foot. 70 G. sagitta'ms (Lin. spec. 9. 8.) stems prostrate ; branches herbaceous, ascending, 2-edged, membranous, somewhat articu- lated ; leaves ovate-lanceolate ; flowers disposed in an ovatcj VOL. II. terminal, leafless spike ; corolla smooth, but the keel is furnislud with a villous line on the back. h . H. Native of Europe, in mountain pastures. Mill. icon. t. 259. f. 2. Jacq. fl. au.-,tr. t. 209. G. herbicea. Lam. fl. fr. Genistella racemosa, Moench. meth. Saltzvvedelia sagittalis, fl. wett. 2. p. 498. Far. ft, minor (D. C. ])rod. 2. p. 151.) a small shrub, havinw the branches clothed with adpressed pubescence at the apex as well as the leaves. y-/ /vow-jointed Broom. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1750. Shruh prostrate, ^ foot. 71 G. tridenta'ta (Lin. spec. 998.) branches shrubby, tri- quetrous, membranous, somewhat articulated ; leaves ovate, tridentate at the apex, glabrous ; flowers disposed into crowded, terminal and lateral heads ; carina and legmnes clothed with silky wool. Tj.H. Native of Portugal, on uncultivated hills and among bushes. Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 86. Wings of stem rather undulated, with the margins roughly denticulated. 'J'ridentate-\ea.\'eA Genista. Shrub 1 foot. 72 G. DIFFUSA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 942.) branches procumbent from the neck, triquetrous ; leaves lanceolate, glabrous, a little ciliated ; peduncles axillary, erect, disposed in interrupted fasci- cles ; corollas and legumes glabrous. tj . H. Native of Italy and Styria in exposed places. G. humifiisa, Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 169. Spartium decumbens, Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 555. but not of Aiton. Diffuse Gen\%ia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1815. Sh. procumb. 73 G. i'rostra'ta (Lam. diet. 2. p. 618.) stems diffuse, pros- trate ; branches angular, striated, rather villous ; leaves ovate- oblong, rather villous beneath ; flowers axillary, on long pedi- cels, erect ; corolla glabrous ; legumes villous, 3-4-seeded. h^ ■ H. Native of Burgundy and the Alps of Jura. G. pedun- culiita, Lher. stirp. 184. G. decumbens, Dur. bourg. 1. p. 299. Lodd. bot. cab. 718. G. Halleri, Reyn. mem. 1. p. 211. icon. P)04^/a/e Genista. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1775. Sh. prostr. 74 G. procu'mbens (Waldst. et Kit. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 940.) branches procumbent, terete, striated, rather pubescent ; leaves lanceolate, acute, pubescent beneath as well as the calyxes ; flowers pedicellate, axillary, tern ; corolla glabrous. h . H. Native of Hungary in woods, and of Moravia. Vexillum a little shorter than the keel. Legume unknown. Procumbent Genhta. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. Sh. proc. 75 G. a'lbida (Willd. spec. 3. p. 942.) sten)S procumbent, striated, branched ; leaves lanceolate or linear, clothed with white villi; flowers axillary, sessile; calyx and corolla clothed with silky villi ; legume tomentose. ^ . H. Native of Tauria and Bessarabia, ou stony mountains. Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. i4r*. 3. p. 459. Allied to G.pilosa. Whitened Genista. Shrub procumbent. 76 G. pilosa (Lin. spec. 999.) stems procumbent, striated, branched, tuberculated ; leaves obovate-lanceolate, obtuse, com- plicated, clothed beneath with adpressed silky down ; flowers axillary, on short pedicels ; calyx and pedicels silky ; legumes pubescent, 3-4-secded. ^i . H. Native of the south of France, Switzerland, Germany, &c. ; in Britain on dry elevated downs or heaths, on high sandy ground about Bury, Suffolk. About Tornham, on the north side of Bury, also on rocks near the Lizard Pont, Cornwall. At the foot of Cader Idris, North Wales. Jacq. fl. austr. t. 208. Smith, engl. bot. 208. Fl. dan. 1225.— Clus. hist. 1. p. 103. f. 2. G. repens. Lam. fl. fr. Genistoides tuberculata, Moench. meth. /'(Vose Genista. Fl. May, June. England. Sh procumbent. 77 G. micka'ntiia (Ort.'dec. 6. p. 68. t. 10. f 1.) stems pro- cumbent, smooth, angular; leaves linear-lanceolate; flowers disposed in terminal spikes, distant ; carina rather villous ; letrume 2-3-seeded. It . H. Native of Spain, in humid places in the wood called Corazo, near Silos. X 15i LEGUMINOS^. LIX. Genista. LX. Cytisus. .Smn//-/on'f) erf Genista. Fl. May, June. Sh. procumbent. 78 G. BBOTERi(Poir. suppl. 2. p. 720.) stems erect ; branches ani'ular, tvvigfjy, glabrous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, snioothish on^botii surfaces; racemes short, terminal; bracteas, calyxes, corollas, and legumes glabrous ; carina longer than the vexil- lum, and the vexillum longer than the wings, i;. H. Native of the north of Portugal, in glens of mountains. G. parviflora, Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 87. Ihotcro's Genista. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 7f) G. piloca'rpa (Link. enum. 2. p. 223.) erect; branches angular, pubescent ; leaves lanceolate, clothed beneath with silky pubescence ; flowers racemose, on short pedicels ; legume pilose. Ij . H. Native of? Piluse-fruited Genista. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1823. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. ■\ Species not suffcicntly known, 80 G. ? heterophy'lla (D. C. prod. 2. p. 152.) stems erect ; branches angular, sterile ones villous ; leaves simple, obovate, on short petioles, clothed with silky villi ; flowers usually tern, axillary, pedunculate ; calyxes campanulate, villous ; legume silky. I7 . H. Native of the Pyrenees, at Monney. Cytisus hetero])hyllus, Lapeyr. abr. 422. I ariabte-leaved Genista. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 81 G. angula'ta (Rafin. prec. dec. som. p. 37. under Spdr- tiu7)i,) unarmed ; branches pentagonal, glabrous ; leaves sim])le and trifoliate, stalked ; leaflets thin, oblong, mucronate, almost smooth ; legume solitary, pedunculate, oblong, compressed, pu- bescent. ^. H. Native of Maryland, in woods. /i ngular-hrancheiX Genista. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 82 G. ? desidera'ta (D. C. prod. 2. p. 152.^ branches un- armed, terete ; leaves trifoliate, petiolate ; leaflets linear-subu- late, pungent at the apex, clothed with adpressed silky pubes- cence ; flowers solitary, pedicellate ; calyxes and many-seeded legumes pu))escent. fj . G. Native of Port Desideratum. Calyx, stamens, and legumes nearly like Genista, but the co- rolla is unknown. Probably a distinct genus. Port Desideratum Genista. Shrub. S3 G.? sca'npens (Lour. coch. p. 428.) stem scandent ; spines simple ; leaves liipinnate. Ij . ^. G. Native of Cochin- china, on the banks of rivers. Flowers very numerous, golden \ellow. This plant should certainly be removed from Genista. It is perhaps a species of Cccsalpinia. Climbing Genista, Shrub cl, Cull. AH the species of this genus are very elegant when in flower. The hardy species are well fitted for the front of shrub- beries, as they are generally of low growth ; they are usually in- creased by .seeds or layers. The greenhouse and frame kinds thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and young cuttings of them root readily if planted in a pot of sand, with a bell-glass placed over them, but the glasses must be taken off' and wiped occasionally, otherwise the cuttings are apt to damp oft'. LX. CY'TISUS (from Ct'/tlmus, one of- the Cyclades, some one of the species were fir.st found there). D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 501. Leg. mem. VI.— Cytisus and Calycotome, Link.— Cytisus and Nl)anium, species, Lin. and Lam. &c. LiN.svsT. Monadetplua, JJecdiidria. Calyx bilabiate; up- IH-r lip usually entire, lower one somewhat tridentate. Vexil- lum ovate, large. Carina very obtuse, inclosing the genitals. Stamens monadelphous. Legume compressed, manj -seeded, glandlcss.— Shrubs, with the habit of the Genisla, with trifoliate leaves. Flowers of nearly all the species yellow. Leaves of all trifoliate. _ Sect. L Albursoides (n/iHrHiim, the white inner sap of trees; m reference to the white flowers of the species). D. C. 1. c. prod. 2. p. 153. Calyx campanulate. Legume 1-4-seeded, not dilated at the upper suture. Flowers white. Leaves very few. Branches unarmed. 1 C. NUBiGENus (Link, enum. 2. p. 240.) branches terete, striated ; leaves very few, petiolate ; leaflets lanceolate, pilose ; flowers lateral, in fascicles ; legumes many-seeded, glabrous. Ij . G. Native of Teneriff'e, on the sides of the Peak. Spar- tium nubigenum, Ait. liort. kew. 3. p. 13. Spartium supranii- bium, Lin. fil. suppl. 319. Cytisus fi agrans. Lam. diet. Flowers very sweet-scented. Habit of Genista purgans. Cloud-born CyUsus. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1779. Sh. 6 ft. 2 C. a'lbus (Link. enum. 2. p. 241.) branches terete, twiggy; leaves simple and trifoliate, sessile ; leaflets linear-oblong, silky; flowers in fascicles, disposed in long racemes ; legume 2-seeded, very villous. Ij . H. Native of Portugal and the Levant. Genista alba. Lam. diet. 2. p. 623. Spartium album, Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 132. Spartium niultiflorum, Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 11. Spartium dispermum, Moench. meth. 130. Portugal Broom or /f7/ifc-flowered Cytisus. Fl. May. Clt, 1752. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. Sect. II. Labu'rnum (a name formed from the Alpine name of the tree UAubours). D. C. 1. c. prod. 2. p. 153. Calyx cam- panulate. Legume many-seeded, not dilated at the upper suture. Flowers yellow. Branches unarmed, leafy. 3 C. labu'rnum (Lin. spec. 1041.) branches terete, whitish; leaves petiolate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, pubescent beneath ; racemes pendulous, simple ; pedicels and calyxes clothed with adjjressed pubescence ; legume linear, many-seeded, clothed with adpressed pubescence. \ . H. Native of Europe, fre- quent on the lower mountains. Jacq. aust. t. 306. Curt. hot. mag. 176. Duham. arbr. ed. nov. 5. t. 44. C. alpinus, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 621. — J.Bauh. hist. 1. p. 2. p. 361. icon. Laburnum is usually cultivated for ornament. The wood is hard, of a fine colour, and will polish very well ; it approaches near to green ebony, and is called by the French ebony of the Alps, and is there used for many kinds of furniture ; but in England there are few of the trees which have been suff"ered to stand long enough to arrive at any considerable size. Haller observes that Laburnum is very bitter, that the seeds are violently ])urgative and emetic. He also remarks tliat the Liitin name Laburnum was evidently formed from the Alpine name L'Auhours. In German it is called Bolinenbaum, and in French Cytise des Alpes, Aubours, and Faux Ebcnier. The seed of Laburnum is frequently sown in plantations infested with hares and rabbits, who will touch no other tree as long as a twig of Laburnum remains. Though eaten to the ground every season, it rises again in the spring, thus aff'ording a constant supply for these animals, so as to save the other trees till of a size to resist their attacks. The tree grows best in light loam, or sandy soil. I'ar. ft, quereifolia (Hortul.) leaflets sinuated. Laburnum. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1596. I'ree 20 feet. 4 C. ALi'iNUs (Mill. diet. no. 2.) glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves petiolate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, rounded at the base ; racemes pendulous ; pedicels and calyxes puberulous ; legumes glabrous, few-seeded, marginate. \q . H. Native of Carin- tliia, in groves (Hoppe), in Pannonia (Willd.). \n the Alps of Jura on IVIount Dole and near Moret, also in the Apennines and on Mount Cenis. Waldst. et Kit. hung. 3. p. 2}<8. t. 260. C. laburnum fi, Ait. Lam. D. C. fl. fr. Cytisus angustifolius, Mrench. meth. 145. This species is nearly allied to the pre- ceding, but is still truly distinct. The tree or Scotch Laburnum, or Cytisus alplius, is a native of Switzerland and Scotland ; it is cultivated chiefly for ornament, but aftbrds also a valuable tim- ber ; for this purpose the C. alpinus is decidedly preferable to the common kind, as being more of a tree. The wood of both LEGUMINOSiE. LX. Cytisus. 155 the Scotc'li and common Laburnum is much used by cabinet- makers and turners, for its hardness, beauty of grain, and du- rabihty. Alpine or Scotch Laburnum. Fl. June. Clt. 159(). Tree lo to 20 feet. 5 C. ni'gricans (Lin. spec. lOtl.) branches terete, t»i>rgy ; leaves stalked, clothed witli adpressed pubescence beneath, as well as tiie brandies, calyxes, and legiunes ; leaflets elliptic ; racemes elongated, terminal, erect; calyxes bractless. I^ . H. Native of Piedmont, Vallais, and Bohemia, on hills and along way sides. Jacq. austr. t. 387. Ker. hot. reg. 802. Lam. ill. t. 618. f 3. Dull. arb. ed. nov. 5. t. 46. f. 1. This pl.int turns trulv black on drying. ^/fjc/tii/j Cytisus. Fl. Ju. Jidy. Clt. 1730. Sh. 3 to 6 feet. 6 C. sEssiLiFoLius (Lin. spec. 1041.) plant quite smooth; branches terete; floral leaves almost sessile; leaflets ovate; racemes terminal, erect, short ; calyxes each having a 3-leaved braetea just under it. I^ . H. Native of the south of France and Piedmont. Lam. ill. t. 618. f. 2. Duham. arb. ed. nov. 5. t. 4.1. f. 1. Curt. bot. mag. 2j5.— J. Bauh. hist. 1. p. 2. p. 374. f. 2. .SV\v4(7t'-/(?fli'frf Cytisus. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1629. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 7 C. TRiFLORUS (Lher. stirp. 184. Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 139. but not of Lam.) hairy; branches terete; leaves petiolate ; leaflets obovate-elliptic ; flowers axillary, pedicellate, terete, somewhat racemose at the tops of the branchlets. ^ . H. Na- tive about Narbonne. h\ Provence, Liguria, Etruria, Sicily, and ALauritania. C. villosus, Pourr. act. toul. 3. p. 317. — Clus. hist. 1. p. 94. f. 3. Branches rather hispid. Leaves villous. Legume hairy. It differs from C. triflora of Lam. in the calyx being campaiudate and broadly bilabiate, not tubular. Thrce-Jlomered Cylisus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1640. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 8 C. MOLLIS (Willd. enum. suppl. 51.) leaflets oblong, clothed with soft pubescence, acute at both ends ; peduncles axillary, usually tern ; calyxes subglobose, bifid, scarious. tj . H. Native of? Perhaps sufficiently distinct from C. triflbrus. Soft Cytisus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub 2 to 4 ft. 9 C. p.\TENS (Lin. syst. veg. 555. ex Lher. stirp. 184.) branches striated, somewhat pubescent ; leaves petiolate, trifo- liate, but the upper ones are simple, and are as well as the leaf- lets obovate, and clothed with adpressed pubescence ; flowers axillary, usually twin, pedicellate, nodding ; legumes very hairy. 1; . H. Native of Portugal. C. pendulinus, Lin. fil. suppl. 328. Genista tomentosa, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 719. Spartium patens, Lin. syst. 5S5. Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 83. but not of Cav. Spreading Cytisus. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1752. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 10 C. ARBOREUs (D. C. prod. 2. p. 154.) branches striated, glabrous ; leaves stalked ; leaflets obovate, clothed with fine pubescence beneath ; flowers a.\illary, aggregate, pedicellate, nodding; legumes clothed with adpressed silky villi. I^ . H. Native of vallevs about Algiers. Spartium arboreum, Desf. atl. 2. p. 131. t. 177. Genista pendulum, Poir. voy. 2. p. 208. A shrub 8 to 10 feet high, with a trunk about the thickness of a man's arm. Arboreous Cytisus. Shrub 8 to 10 feet. 11 C. Welde'ni (Visiani, pi. dalm. ex bot. zeit. Jan. 1 830. p. 52.) erect ; leaves ternatc, petiolate ; leaflets elliptic, entire, cuneated at the base, and obtuse at the apex, smooth ; racemes terminal, stalked, pyramidal, straight ; pedicels hoary and vil- lous ; calyxes campanulate, 3-lobed ; lobes tomentosely ciliated ; corolla glabrous, but the carina is clothed with silky villi ; legume glabrous, mucronate by the style, h^ . H. Native of Dalniatia, in woods on mounts Grab and Krivoscie. Flowers fragrant, yellow. JVelden's Cytisus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 12 C. ORANDIFLORUS (D. C. prod. 2. p. 154.) branches angu- lar, usually glabrous ; leaves in fascicles, )>etiolate, trifoliate, but for the most part simple, and are, as well as the leaflets, ovate-lanceolate, but the primary ones are roundish ; flowers lateral, pedicellate, solitary or twin ; legume woolly. Pj . H. Native of Portugal, on hills, in hedges, and in woods. Spar- tium grandiflorum, Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 80. G rca I -Jiuivercd Cytisus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 13 C. scoPA^Rius (Link, enum. 2. ji. 241.) branches angular, smooth ; leaves trifoliate, petiolate, iqiper ones simple, and are oblong, as well as the leaflets ; flowers axillary, pedicellate, soli- tary ; legume pilose on the margins. ^ . H. Native of Europe, in woods and on commons ; plentiful in Britain. .Spartium sco- parium, Lin. spec. 996. Oed. fl. dan. t. 313. Smith, eiigl. bot. 1339. Genista scoparia, Lam. diet. 2. p. 623. but not of Vill. Gen. hirsiua, Mocnch. meth. 144. — Duluim. arb. t. 84. The common broom is used in many jiarts of Britain for besoms, and in some places it serves for thatching cottages, corn, and hay ricks. The flower-buds before expansion are sometimes pickled in the manner of cajiers. The branches are said to be capable of tanning leather, and of being manufactured into coarse cloth, when tender they are mixed with hops in brewing, and in some places used as fodder. The old wood furnishes the cabinet-makers with the most beautiful material for vineering. The plant when burnt affords a most beautiful alkaline salt, and on this salt the efficacy of broom in dropsies must depend. The seeds of broom have a very bitter taste, and when given in decoction prove con- siderably diuretic. The branches have similar properties. I ar. li, albus ; flowers white. Common-Brooni. Fl. April, July. Britain. Sh. 3 to 10 ft. Sect. IIL Calycotome (from KaXvl, calyx, calyx, and ro^tj, tome, a cutting ; in reference to the calyx at length falling off" in part, giving it the appearance of being cut oft"). Link, in Schrad. neue, journ. 2. p. 2. p. 50. D. C. prod. 2. p. 154. — Calycotomon, Hoftmans. verz. plant. 1824. p. 166. Calyx campanulate, some- what bilabiate, at length circumscisely truncate. Legume thick- ened on tlie upper suture. Shrubs, with spiny branches and yellow flowers. 14 C. si'iNosus (Lam. diet. 2. p. 247.) branches angular, spiny; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets obovate-oblong ; legumes quite glabrous. Ij . H. Native about Genoa, on hills in Corsica, and of Algiers. Spartium spinosum, Lin. spec. 997. — J. Bauh. hist. 1. p. 2. p. 376. icon. — Lob. icon. 2. t. 95. /S;)//!!/ Cytisus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1596. Sh. 5 to 6 feet. 15 C. lani'gerus (D. C. prod. 2. p 154.) branches striated, spiny ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets obovate-elliptic ; legumes very hairy, and rather woolly. V> . H. Native of Corsica, Crete, >Luiritania, Gibraltar, Portugal, S:c. on hills. Spartium lani- gerum, Desf. atl. 2. p. 135. Sp. villosum, Poir. voy. 2. p. 207. Calycotome villosa. Link, 1. c. Spartium spinosum, Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 85. I'ar. ft, rigidus (D. C. prod. 2. p. 154.) spines very strong. fj . H. Native of the Great Syrtes. Spartium rigidum, Viv. fl. lib. p. 40. t. 17. f. 1. Wool-bearing Cytisus. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1821. Sh. 3 to 6 ft. Sect. IV. Tubocy'tisus (from tubus, a tube, and cytisus ; in reference to the tubular shape of the calyx). D. C. 1. c. prod. 2. p. 155. — Viborgia, Mocnch. meth. 132. but not of Thunb. Calyx tubular, bilabiate at the apex.— Unarmed shrubs. • Flowers white or whitish. 16 C. PROLi'rr.RUs (Lin. fil. suppl. 328.) stems erect ; branches terete, velvety ; leaflets elliptic, and are, as well as the calyxes silky ; flowers lateral, umbellately aggregate ; legume villous. " -x 2 156 LEGUMINOS^ Ait. liort. kew. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. p. 141. t. 132.) h G Native of Teneriffe, on the mountains. 3'p 51. Lher. stirp. 131. Vent. eels. t. 13. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 7ol. Ker. bot. reg. 121. Flowers white. I'rolifcrous Cyt\>^ixs. Fl. Ap. May. Ot. 1779 17 C. LEUCANTHUs(Walds. et Kit. hung stems erect ; branches terete, and are, as well as the leaves, clothed witli adpressed pubescence; leaflets elliptic, acute; flowers at the tops of the branches ; heads of flowers bractcate, by two leaves. I? • H. Native of Croatia, in woods. \\ did. spec. 3. p. 112t. Sims, bot. mag. U38. This species ditiers from C. Jttstnacus in the flowers being white, not yellow. lar. li, pallklus (Schrad. in litt.) flowers cream-coloured. h . H. An intermediate plant between C. Icucdnlhus and C. Auslruicvs. IVhite-fowered Cytisus. Fl. Jime, Jidy. Clt. 1806. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 18 C. A'LBiutJS (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 101. no. 85.) stems erect ; branches divaricate, terete, rather glabrous ; leaflets ob- long, pubescent beneath, as well as the calyxes ; flowers axillary, usuliUy tern, pedicellate ; calyx with both lips entire. 1? • H. Native of the south of Europe and north of Africa. Flowers white. Ovary pubescent. /r/i/V/i/i-flowered Cytisus. Fl. June, July. Shrub 2 to 4 ft. * * Flowers purple. 19 C. purpu'reus (Scop. cam. no. 905. t. 43.) stems pro- cumbent, twiggy ; leaves, calyxes, and legumes glabrous ; leaf- lets oblong ; flowers axillary, solitary, on short pedicels. ^, . H. Native of Carniola and Croatia, in exposed places. Jacq. austr. append, t. 48. Lodd. bot. cab. 892. Sims, bot. mag. 1176. Flowers purple. This plant is very beautiful when in flower, hut has a better effect when grafted on a rather tall laburnum. far. ft, alhijlurus ; flowers white. PMr/j/t-flowered Cytisus. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1792. Shrub procumbent. * * * Floivcrs Tjcllow. 20 C. BiFLORUS (Lher. stirp. 184. Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 52.) stems diffuse ; branches terete, and are as well as the leaves rather pubescent ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate ; flowers on short peduncles, axillary, and usually twin ; calyxes and legumes clothed with adpressed pubescence. I^ • H. Native of Austria, Paiinonia, Podolia, Tauria, and Siberia. Walds. et Kit. hung. 2. p. IGG. Duham. arb. ed. nov. 5. p. 45. f 2. C. supmus, Jacq. fl. austr. 1. t. 20. C. hirsutus, Gmel. sib. 4. p. 17. t. 6. f. 2. C. hirsutus and C. supinus, Bieb. fl. taur. ex Stev. in litt. C. macrospermus, Bess, in litt. Var. ft, gttilxr (Lin. fil. suppl. 325.) branches and leaves gla- brous ; leaflets obovate. yar. y, subspinescens (D. C. prod. 2. p. 155.) branches rather hoary, more diffiise, somewhat spinescent at the apex. I; . H. Native of Naples and Hungary. Two-Jluwcrcd Cytisus. Fl May, June. Shrub procumbent. 21 C. elonga'tus (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 200. t. 183 ) stems erect; branches elongated, terete, young ones villous; leaflets obovate, clothed beneath with adpressed villi ; flowers lateral, usually in fours on short pedicels ; calyxes villous. T^ . H. Native of Hungary, in woods. Petioles of the upper leaves longer than the calyxes. Flowers few. FAongaled Cytisus. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1 804. Sh. 3 to 4 ft. 22 C. MULTiFLoRus (Lindl. hot. reg. t. 1191.) stems erect; branches elongated, terete, younger ones villous ; leaflets oblong, tapering lo the base, villous beneath, the same colour on botli surfaces ; flowers usually tern ; pedicels about equal in lengih to the petioles; vexilhmi emarginate, undulated. fj . H. Na- tive <)f Europe. C. elongatus, Hortul, but not of Kit. C. elongatus ftj, multiflorus, D. C. prod. LX. Cytisus. AIa»y-f:m»y Cytisus. Fl. June, July. Shrub decumbent. 33 C. CALVCINUS (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. IGC.) stems s.scending ; leaves, calyxes, and legumes rather hairy from spreading down ; leaves petiolate, trifoliate ; leaflets roundish-obovate ; flowers 2- 8, terminal. Tj . H. Native of Caucasus, in stony places. C. pauciflorus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1126. Large-ca/yxfrf Cytisus. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. prostrate. 34 C. EOTOiDES (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1127.) stems decumbent, herbaceous, sim])le, and are, as well as the leaves, pubescent; leaves ])etiolate, trifoliate ; leaflets roundish-elliptic, mucronate; flowers 7-8, capitate. 1/ . H. Native of Galatia. Lotus-like Cytisus. Shrub decumbent. 3,5 C. na'nus (Willd. enum. 769.) stems erect ; leaves trifo- liate, obovate, clothed with strigose pubescence beneath and smooth above ; raceme terminal, secund, usually 4-fiowered : calyx deeply 3-parted ; hairs on the stems and peduncles ad- pressed. Wats. dend. brit. 81. J; • H. Native of the Levant, ii/rar/" Cytisus. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1816. Sh. decumbent. Sect. VL Chrona'nthus (xpoj'os, chronos, a year, and ai-^oe, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the permanent petals, which remain all the year). D. C. 1. c. prod. 2. p. 157. U])per lip of calyx bilid, lower one trifid ; lobes acute, length of the tube. Petals permanent. Legume oval, much compressed, 2-seeded. Perhaps a proper genus. 36 C. orienta'lis (Lois, in Duham. arbr. ed. nov. p. 136.) stems erect, hairy; leaves almost sessile, trifoliate, villous ; leaf- lets linear, acute ; flowers sub-terminal, few, and are, as well as the legumes, glabrous. ^ . H. Native of the Levant. C. orientalis, &c. Sherard and Vaill. herb. Flowers large, on short pedicels, vellow. Calyx villous, more 5-cleft than bilabiate. OWcn/«V Cytisus. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1818. Sh. 2 to 3 feet. "f" Sjiecies not sufficiently known. 37 C. Po'nticus (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1120. exclusive of the synonyme of Tourn.) branches furrowed, ascending, and are, as well as the leaves, pubescent ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets elliptic, obtuse; branches erect, terminal ; calyxes villous. (7. H. Na- tive of Pontus. According to Willd. this plant is allied to Atlcno- carpus Hispdnicus. C. P6ntic\is humifusus magno flore, Tonrn. cor. 44. According to Willd. the branches are terete, not sulcated, and the leaflets obovate, not elliptic. Pontic Cytisus. Shrub ascending. 38 C. cane'scens (Lois, in Duham. arbr. ed. nov. 5. p. 151.) the whole plant is clothed with silky hoary pubescence ; leaves trifoliate; leaflets linear-oblong ; racemes few-flowered, ter- minal ; calyxes short, campanulate, canescent, 5-toothed. 1^ . IL Native of? Legumes unknown. Canescent Cytisus. Shrub. 39 C. Afkica'nus (Lois, in Duham. arbr. ed. nov. 5. p. 154.) branches erect, hairy ; leaves trifoliate, petiohite ; leaflets linear, pilose ; umbels terminal, pedunculate ; calyx hairy, hardly shorter than the corolla, fj . H. Native of the north of Africa. C. Africanus hirsiitus angustifolius, Tourn. inst. 648. This plant is said to be allied to yidcnocdrpus. A frican Cytisus. Shrub. 40 C. pa'llidus (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 4 12. but not of Schrad.) branches furrowed, glabrous ; leaves sessile, trifoliate ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate ; flowers axillary and terminal, somewhat capitate. Ij . G. Native of the Canary Islands. Corolla pale- white. Perhaps a variety of Genista linifblia. Pa/e-flowered Cytisus. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 41 C. proce'rus (Link, enum. 2. p. 241.) branches terete, striated ; leaves lanceolate, pilose ; flowers solitary, axillary ; legumes villous. Tj . H. Native of Portugal. Spdrtium pro- cerum, Willd. enum. 7 12. Tall Cytisus. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 42 C. ? Pe'rsicus (Burm. fl. ind. p. 163. t. 51. f. 1.) branches straight, divaricate, and are as well as the leaves finely pubes- cent ; leaves petiolate, trifoliate ; leaflets linear, the middle one twice the length of the others ; racemes elongated, loose-flowered, opposite the leaves ; ovary villous. Ij . H. Native of Persia. Spartium Persicum, Willd. spec. 3. p. 931. Habit almost of IndigoJ'cra psoraleoldes, and if the stamens, as is suspected, are diadelphous, it is certainly referable to IndigoJ'era. Persian Cytisus. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 43 C. Antilla'nus (D. C. prod. 2. p. 157.) spines under the origin of the leaves, shorter than the petioles ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets rhomboidal-oblong, silvery beneath ; flowers axillary, solitary, on short pedicels. I^ . S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. C. spinosus, Descourt, fl. med. ant. 1. t. 8. but not of Linnaeus. C. spinosus, with yellow flowers rising from the wings. Plum. gen. p. 19. ex Desc. Calyx campanulate, bi- labiate. Legume an inch long, somewhat inflated, 5-6-seeded. Stamens, according to the description, diadelphous, but from the figure monadelphous. Antilles Cytisus. Shrub. Cult. The species of this genus are very elegant when in flower, the hardy kinds are well adapted for ornamenting shrub- beries, the trailing kinds of them are well fitted for rock-work, or to be planted on dry banks ; the C. p>urpurcus is one of the handsomest of this description, and has a very beautiful appear- ance when grafted on a tall Laburnum. The larger kinds, such as the Laburnum, should be planted in conspicuous places. All are readily increased by seeds or layers, or by grafting the rarer on the commoner kinds. The greenhouse and frame kinds thrive best in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and yotmg cuttings of them root freely if planted in a pot of sand, with a bell-glass placed over them, the glasses to be taken ofl' and wiped occasionally. LXI. ADENOCA'RPUS (from aap; adcn, a gland, and Kapmt, karpns, a fruit ; in reference to the legumes being beset with pedicellate glands). D. C. fl. fr. suppl. 549. Leg. mem. VI. prod. 2. p. foS. Lin. syst. Monadilphia, Decandria. Calyx obconical, usually beset with glands, bilabiate, ui)per lip bipartite, lower one longi r and trifid. Carina obtuse, inclosing the genitals. .Stamens mo- nadelphous. Legume oblong, compressed, bearing on all sides l)edicellate glands. — Shrubs with divaricate branches, trifoliate. 158 LEGUiMINOSiE. LXI. Adenocarpls. LXII. Ononis. usually aggregate leaves, having petiolar stipulas, complicated liaflet's and terminal racemes of yellow flowers, with the pedicels bracteate. 1 A. Hispa'nicus (D. C. 1. c.) calyx beset with glands and villi ; lower lip of calyx with 3 equal segments, hardly longer than the upper lip ; branchlets hairy ; flowers crowded ; vexil- lum smoothish. I? . H. Native of Spain and Portugal, in shady humid places. Cyiisus Hispanicus, Lara. diet. 2. p. 248. Cyti- sus anat'yrius, Lhcr. stirp. 1 S4. ^>aH;i/( Adenocarpus. Fl. June, Jul. Ch. 181G. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 2 A. iNTEKMEDius (D.C. 1. c.) calyx beset with glandular pubescence, with the lower lip trifid, the lateral segments shorter than the middle one, and much exceeding the upper lip ; branches rather villous ; flowers remotish ; vexillum smoothish. >2 . H. Native of Sicily and Naples, on mountains. — Clus. hist. 1. p. 94. f. 1. Cytisus complic^tus, Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 92. Iiileimedialc Cy thus. Fl. May, July. Clt.? Sh. 3 to 4 feet. 3 A. PARViFOLii's (D. C. 1. c.) calyx clothed with glandular pubescence, with the middle segment of the lower lip longer than the lateral ones, much exceeding the upper lip ; branches glabrous ; flowers remote ; vexillum pubescent. ^ . H. Na- tive of the west of France, on exposed heaths. Cytisus parvi- fojius. Lam. diet. 2. p. 248. exclusive of the synonymes. Cyti- sus divaricatus, Lhcr. stirp. 184. Cyt. com])licatus, D. C. fl. fr. no. 3821. Spartium complicatum, Lois. fl. gall. 441. Branches white. .SW///-/far«/ Adenocarpus. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1800. Sh. 3 to 4 feet. 4 A. Telone'nsis (D. C. 1. c.) calyx clothed with glandless pubescence, the segments of the lower lip about equal in length, a little longer than the superior lip ; branchlets smoothish ; flowers remote ; vexillum pubescent. Tj . H. Native of the Pyrenees, Cevennes, mountains of Provence and Rome. Cytisus Telonensis, Lois. fl. gall. 446. and in Duh. arb. ed. nov. 5. p. 155. t. 47. f. 2. Spartium complicatum, Gouan. hort. monsp. 356. exclusive of the synonyme. Te/one Adenocarpus. Fl.Ju. Jid. Clt. 1800. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 5 A. FRANKENioi DEs (Choisy. mss. in herb. D. C. prod. 2. p. 158.) caly.x beset with glandular pubescence, with the lower lip having the middle segment longer than the lateral ones, and exceeding the lower lip; branches velvety ; leaves much crowded, hairy ; flowers crowded ; vexillum pubescent at the apex. Ij . F. Native of Teneritte, on the declivities of the Peak, at the height of 5000 feet, where it is called Codeso. Genista viscosa, Willd. spec. 3. p. 837. It is usually confused with the following spe- cies, but differs in the calyx being glandular, as A. parvifolius (lifters from y/. 'J'cloncnsis. Frarihenia-lihe Adenocarpus. Fl. April, July. Clt. 181.5. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 6 A. FOLioLosus (D. C. 1. c.) calyx covered with glandless villi, with the lower lip elongated and trifid at the apex, the segments e([ual ; leaves and branches much crowded, hairy ; vexillum pubescent. h . F. Native of the Grand Canary Island, among bushes, and in the woods of Laguna. Cytisus foliosus, Ait. hort. keiv. 3. p. 49. — Pluk. aim. t. 277. f. 6. bad. ■i oung legume furnished with a few glandular hairs, adult ones almost smooth. Leafy Adenocarpus. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1629. Sh. 4 to C ft. Cult. Elegant plants when in flower, and well fitted for orna- menting the front of -shrubberies. Their culture and propa- gation is the same as that for the hardy species of Cylixus. The two last species require protection in winter. LXII. OXO'NIS (said to be from oioc, onos, an ass, and 01 »)/!<, oiiciiii, to delight ; some of the species are said to be grateful to asses). Lin. gen. no. 863. L.im. ill. t. 616. D.C. prod. 2. p. 158. — Anonis and Natrix, Moench. metli. 157. and 158. LiN. SYST. l\Io}iadelj)lda, Decdndria. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft, with linear segments. Vexillum large, striated. .Sta- mens monadelphous, the tenth one sometimes almost free. Le- gume usually turgid, sessile, few-seeded. — Herbs or subshrubs, with trifoliate leaves, seldom simple, but more rarely impari- pinnate. Flowers rising from the axils ol' the leaves, some- times pedunculate, sometimes sessile, yellow or purple, rarely white. Pedicels usually furnished with an awn, a floral leaf, or abortive petiole. Sect. I. Euononis {tv, eii, good, and ononis ; genuine spe- cies. D. C. prod. 2. p. 158.). Stipidas adnate to the petiole. § 1. Nalrix (the name of a plant which smells like a goat). Leaves simple or trifoliate. Florvers axillary, pedunculate, yellow. 1 O. CRispA (Lin. spec. 1010. exclusive of the synonyme of Magn.) shrubby ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets roundish, undulated, toothed, clothed with clammy pubescence ; pedicels 1 -flowered, awnless. Tj . F. Native of Spain. Wendl. in Ra?m. arch. 1. p. 3. p. lOG. Stipulas spreadingly-deflexed. Vexillum striped with blood-colour on the outside. C2«7«Z-leaved Rest-harrow. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1739. Sh. 1 to 2 feet. 2 O. Hispa'kica (Lin. f 1. suppl. 324.) shrubby ; leaves tri- foliate ; leaflets channelled, recurved, with the margin serrated ; pedicels 1-2-flowered, furnished each with an awn. ^. F. Na- tive of Spain, along the Mediterranean Sea, in the sand. Sims, bot. mag. 2450. exclusive of the synonyme of Tenore. — Barr. icon. t. 775. Perhaps a variety of O.crispa. Spanish Rest-harrow. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1799. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 3 O. vagina" LIS (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 53.) shrubby ; leaves crowded, sessile, trifoliate, but the upper ones are simple ; sti- pulas sheathing ; leaflets obovate, serrated ; pedicels elongated, 1-flowered, permanent, each furnished with an awn. fj . F. Native of Egypt. Vent. hort. eels. t. 32. Viv. fl. lyb. 41. t. 4. f. 4. O. Cherleri, Forsk. descr. 130. Leaves, branches, peduncles, and calyxes clothed with clamny pubescence. Sheathed \{.esi-ha.xro\s. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1815. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 4 O. na'trix (D. C. fl. fr.4. p. 514.) shrubby ; clothed with clammy pubescence ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets oblong, serrated at the a])ex, upper ones sometimes simple ; stipulas oval-lanceo- late ; pedicels 1-flowered, each furnished with an awn. Tj . FT. Native of Europe, in places exposed to the sun. Var. a; vexillum yellow. O. natrix, Lin. spec. 1008. Cam. epit. 444. with a figure. Mill. icon. t. 37. Sims, bot. mag. 329. Natrix pinguis, Moench. meth. 158. Var. /3 ; vexillum striated with red. O. pinguis, Lin. spec. 1009. Goat-root Rest-harrow. Fl. June, .A^ug. Clt. 1683. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 5 O. ARACHNOiDEA (Lapevr. abr. 409.) shrubby, villous, but not clammy ; leaves pinnately trifoliate ; leaflets oval-oblong, serrated at the apex, upper ones sometimes simple ; pedicels 1-flowered, each furnished with an awn. 1^ • F- Native of the Pyrenees, on the eastern side along the torrents. D. C. fl. fr. su|)pl. 552. Vexillum striated with red. Branches beset with soft hairs. Cohwehhed Rest-harrow. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. e O. cuspiDATA (Desf. atl. 2. p. 144.) herbaceous, villous, but not clammy ; leaves trifoliate, but the upper ones are sim- ple ; leaflets elliptic, serrated; pedicels 1-flowered, each fur- nished with an awn, the awns broadest above. 1^ . ? F. Native of Algiers. Like O. natrix, but the villi is longer and not clammy, and the corolla is not half the size. LEGUMINOS^,. LXII. Ononis. 159 ru.v7)irod. 2. p. IGl. Leaves simj>le and trifoliate. Flowers axillary, pedunculate, jmrplish, rarely while. 23 O. rotundifo'lia (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 719. but not ed. 2.) shrubby ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets obovate-ro\indish, tooth- ed ; peduncles 3-flavvered, bractless. Tj . H. Native of the Pyrenees and the Alps of Europe. Jacq. fl. austr. append, t. 49. Lam. ill. t. 616. Curt. hot. vnag. Zo5. — Lob. icon. 2. p. 73. f. 1. O. latifolia, Asso, syn. 97. mant. t. 11. f. 1. Natrix rotiin- difolia, Mcench. I'ar. ft, aristala (D. C. prod. 2. p. ICI.) peduncles 3-flo\v- ered, each furnished with an awn. Round-leaved Resi-harrow. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1570. Sh. 2 to 3 feet. 24 O. TRIBUACTEA TA (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. 553.) shrubby ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets ovate, toothed; peduncles usually 3- flowcrcd ; calyx bracteated with 3 leaves, fj. H. Native of Carintiiia. O. rotundifolia of Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 1050. exclu- sive of the synonymes. T/iree-bractealed-ca\y\ed Rest-harrow. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 25 O. FRUTico'sA (Lin. spec. 1010.) shrubby ; leaves trifo- liate ; leaflets sessile, lanceolate, serrated ; stipulas connate into one, having 4 awns, leafless on the upper part ; peduncles 3-flowered, disposed in a raceme. '; . F. Native of Provence and Daiiphiny, on the Alps. Dub. ed. nov. 1. t. 58. Mill. diet, t. 3(). Sims, bot. mag. 317. I'ar. ft, microphylla (D. C. prod. 2. p. 161.) leaflets small, obovate, serrated. ^ . F. Native of Arragon, on the moun- tains. O. fruticosa, Asso, syn. arr. 97. Shrubby Rest-harrow. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1680. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 26 O. tridenta'ta (Lin. spec. 1009.) shrubby ; leaves pal- mately-trifoliate, smoothish, fleshy ; leaflets linear-cuneated, tri- dentate at the apex ; upper stipulas tridentate ; peduncles 1-2- flowercd. Ij . F. Native of Spain. Cav. icon. 2. t. 152 — Magn. bot. t. 16. O. crassifolia, Dufour. ined. and O. arbiis- tida, Desv. journ. bot. 1814. 1. p. 76. ex herb. Desf. Var. ft, cancscens (Lam. diet. 1. p. 505.) branches clothed with hoary tonientum ; leaflets pale, wedge-shaped, 5-toothed. I; . F. Native of Arragon. Asso, fl. arr. no. 671. var. 2. — Barr. icon. t. 416. TridentateAeayei Rest-harrow. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1752. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 27 O. angustifo'lia (Lam. diet. 1. p. 508.) shrubby; leaves palmately-trifoliate ; leaflets linear, acute, serrated at the apex ; peduncles 1 -flowered, each furnished with an awn, longer than the leaves. Ij . F. Native of Spain, along way sides between Valentia and Denia. — Barr. icon. t. 299 or 300. Narron-leaved Rest-harrow. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1825. Sh. 1 ft. 28 O. Cenf/sia (Lin. mant. 267.) suff'ruticose at the base, many-stemmed, tufted, prostrate, glabrous ; leaves palmately- trifoliate ; leaflets cuneated, and are, as well as the stipulas ser- rated ; peduncles 1-flowered, without an awn, longer than the leaves. I; . IL Native of Piedmont, Provence, Dauphiny, and Savoy on rocks, in tlie Alps. All. fl. ped. no. 1 173. t. 10. f. 2. — Barr. icon. t. 1 104. O. eristata, ]\Iill. diet. Car. ft, subaristala (D. C. prod. 2. p. 161.) peduncles each furnished with a kind of awn. Ij . F. Native of tlie Pyrenees, on the eastern side, and of Arragon. O. Cenesia, Asso, syn.no. 674. Mount- C'cwjx Rest-harrow. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. Sh. I to 1 foot. 29 O. fce'tida (Schousb. ex Ball). D. C. prod. 2. p. 161.) herbaceous; braiiehlets pdose ; leaves smoothish, upper ones simple, the rest trifoliate ; leaflets elliptic, serrulated, middle one largest ; stipulas about equal in length to the petioles ; pe- duncles 1-flowered, each furnislied with an awn. >j . ? F. Na- tive of Morocco, in fields. Corolla nearly like that of 0. Cenesia. Foetid Rest-harrow. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. i foot. 30 O. geminiflo'ra (Lag. nov. spec. p. 22.) herbaceous, vil- lous ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets oblong, truncate, serrate-toothed at the apex ; peduncles 2-flowered, each furnished with an awn, longer than the petioles. ©. H. Native of Spain, near Madrid, in arid places. Legumes drooping. Twin-Jlomered Rest-harrow. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. i ft. 31 O. laxiflo^ra (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 146. t. 190.) herba- ceous; leaflets pubescent, obovate, and are, as well as the sti- pulas toothed; peduncles 1-flowered, without an awn, lax; calyx about equal in length to the corolla, but 3 times shorter than the legume. Q. H. Native of Algiers, on uncultivated hills. Corolla bluish. Lax-Jlowered Rest-harrow. PI. 1 to 1 foot. 32 O. Broussone'tii (D. C. prod. 1. p. 161.) herbaceous; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets smoothish, oblong, and are, as well as the stipulas, serrated ; peduncles 1-flowered, without an awn, disposed in an almost leafless raceme ; calyx one-half shorter than the corolla. Q. H. Native of Mogodor, in fields. Root simple. Stems numerous. Peduncles 8-1 0 lines long. Upper stipulas joined into a bractea-like acuminated leaf. Broussonet's Rest-harrow. PI. \ foot. 33 O. ScHouwii (D. C. prod. 2. p. 162.) herbaceous ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets oblong- obovate, smoothish, and are, as well as the stipulas, serrated ; peduncles 1-flowered, without an awn, hardly the length of the calyx, aggregated into an ovate raceme ; calyx shorter than the corolla and legume. Q.H. Native near Palermo, on mountains. Stems pilose. Allied to the following. Schiniw's Rest-harrow. PI. -g- foot. 34 O. Brotf.ria'na (D. C. prod. 2. p. 162.) herbaceous; upper leaves simple, the rest trifoliate ; leaflets pubescent, oval, and are, as well as the stipulas, serrated ; peduncles 1 -flowered, without an awn, shorter than the calyx, disposed in a long pe- duncled raceme ; calyx a little shorter than the corolla ; legume glabrous. ©. H. Native of Spain, in Estramadura, in sandy places. O. racemosa, Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 97. but not ofThunb. Brotero's Rest-harrow. PI. ^ foot. 35 O. reclina'ta (Lin. spec. 1011.) herbaceous, diffuse; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets obovate, serrated, covered with clammy pubescence; stipulas broad-ovate, acute, serrated ; peduncles 1- flowered, length of leaves, somewhat bracteolate under the apex; calyx longer than the corolla. C- H. Native of the south of France, by the sea side. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 512. — Barr. icon. t. 761. Legume, according to Linnaeus, villous, and one-half longer than the corolla. Reclinate Rest-harrow. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1800. PL trailing. 36 O. MOLLIS (Lag. nov. spec. p. 22.) herbaceous, erectish ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets oblong-obovate, serrated at the apex ; stipulas nearly entire ; peduncles 1-flowered, without an awn, length of leaves ; calyx equal in length to the corolla, and at length also to the legume. 0. H. Native of Spain and Italy, on hills in exposed places. Stems and calyxes rather hispid. O. Desfontainii, Dufour, in litt. O. mollis, Sav. mem. soc. ital. 9. p. 351. t. 8. Soft. Rest-harrow. PI. \ foot. 37 O. Cherle'ri (Lin. spec. 1007.) herbaceous, hairy ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets oblong-cuneated, serrated at the apex ; stipu- las almost entire ; peduncles 1 -flowered, without an awn, shorter than the leaves, aggregate into a raceme ; calyx longer than the corolla, but about equal in length to the legume. ©. H. Na- tive of Montpelier, on rocks, Nice, and Barbary.— J. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 394. f 2. LEGUMINOSiE. LXII. Ononis. 161 Cherlcr's Rest-liavrow. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1771. PI. f ft. 37 O. PENDULA (Dfsf. atl. 2. ]). 197. t. 191.) Iierbaceous, rather liairy ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets obovate, obtuse, and are, as well as the stipulas, serrated ; peduncles 1 -flowered, without an awn, nearly the length of the leaves ; calyx a little shorter than the corolla and legume. ©. II. Native of Barbary, in corn-fulds near Mascar. Pcmluloiis Rest-harrow. Fl.June, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 ft. 38 O. Siebl'ri (Besser, in litt. I). C. prod. 2. p. 1G2.) stem herbaceous, hairy ; leaves snioothish, and for the most part simple, oval, serrated at the apex, rarely trifoliate with the late- ral leaflets, oblong-linear, acute, and small ; stipulas acute, entire; petlicels 1-Howered, awnless, longer than the leaves; corolla length of calyx. ©. H. Native of Crete. O. pendula, Sieb. herb, but not of Desf. Legume ii-4-seeded, a little longer than the calyx. This species conies very near to O. Gusso- niana, but the flowers in the dried specimens appear red. Sicber's Rest-harrow. PI. i foot. $ 3. Bugrana {Bugrane is the FrencVi name of Rest-harrow). D. C. prod. 2. p. 1G2. Leaves simple or trifoliate. Flowers sessile or on veri/ short j'eilicels, inirple or rose-coloured, rarely nhite. 39 O. arbore'scens (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 149. t. 193.) erect; branchiets unarmed, sparingly villous ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets obovate, serrated ; calycine lobes villous, 3-nerved, rather longer than the legume. Ij . G. Native of Barbary, about Arzeau on mountains. Flowers rose-coloured. y/)-6()n'«cen< Rest-harrow. Fl. May, July, Clt. 1826. Shrub 10 feet. 40 O. ALTi'ssiMA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 506.) erect ; branches un- armed, villous, rather viscid ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets oblong- lanceolate, acute, serrated ; flowers usually twin ; calycine lobes villotis, length of legume. %.\i. Native of Europe, in culti- vated fields and sandy places. O. hircina, Jacq. hort. vind. t. S3. O. fccHens, All. ped. no. 1 1 64. t. 41. f. 1. O. arvensis, Retz, obs. 2. p. 21. O. spinosa a, Lin. spec. 1006. Flowers red. Tallest Rest-harrow. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1596. PI. 3 to 6 ft. 41 O. TROCURRENS (Wallr. sched. crit. p. 381.) stems root- ing at the base, creeping, diffuse ; floriferous branches ascend- ing, ])id)escent ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets ovate-roundish, glan- dular on both surfaces, somewhat serrated ; calycine lobes ex- ceeding the legume. 1/ . H. Native of Europe, in sandy fields frequent. O. arvensis. Lam. diet. 1. p. 505. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 509. Flowers purple or wliite. Running Rest-harrow. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. prostrate. 42 O. re'pens (Lin. spec. 1006.) stems prostrate, unarmed, hairy ; lower leaves trifoliate, the upper ones simple, cuneate- elliptic, serrulated at the apex ; flowers usually solitary. 1/ . H. Native of Europe, in sandy places on the sea coast ; plentiful in Britain. — Dill. hort. elth. t. 25. f. 28. O. inermis /3, Huds. 313. O. spinosas y, repens, Smith, engl. fl. 3. p. 267. Flowers white r rose-coloured. I'ar. p, cadiica (Vill. dauph. 3. p. 428.) branches clothed with clammy villi ; leaflets oblong, pubescent. T^.. H. Native of Dauphiny, on mountains. Creeping Rest-harrow. Fl. June, Aug. Brit. PI. prostrate. 43 O. SPINOSA (Wallr. sched. crit. p. 379. Lin. syst. veg. ed. 14. p. 651.) stems erect, and are, as well as the branches, spiny and hairy ; lower leaves trifoliate, the rest simple ; leaflets and leaves oblong, cuneated at the base, almost entire ; flowers usually solitary ; calycine lobes shorter than the legume. % . H. Native of Europe, by way sides and in fields ; plentifid in Bri- tain on the borders of fields, and in barren p.astures. O. spinosa /3, Lin. spec. 1006. Mart. rust. 129. Fl. dan, 783.— Tab. hist. VOL. II. 913. icon. O. arvensis. Smith, engl. hot. 682. and periiaps O. senescens, Lapeyr. abr. p. 405. Flowers either white or red. Var. /3, angustifblia (Wallr. 1. c.) leaflets ol)long ; branches pubescent on one side. 7/ . H. Native of Thuringia. far. y, glabra (D. C. prod. 2. p. 163.) leaflets ol)long ; branches smooth, l/ . H. Native of the south of France, in dry places. Spinij Rest-harrow. F"l. June, Aug. Britain. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 44 O. iii'si'iBA (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 146. t. 189.) stems erect, clothed with spreading hairs, iniarmed ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets obovate, serrated; flowers solitary; calyx hispid, about equal in length to the corolla, but twice the length of tiie legume. %.. F. Native of Barbary, in corn fields. Var. ft, spinesccns (D. C. prod. 2. p. 163.) branches spines- cent ; leaflets oval-oblong. 1/ . II, Native of Tauria. O. spinosa hirsutlssima, Steven in litt. Hispid Rest-harrow. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 45 O, MiTissiMA (Lin. spec. 1007.) stems erect, rather pilose, white ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets ovate, serrated ; flowers dis- posed in an elongated spike, furnished with stipular, scarious, variegated bracteas. ©. H. Native of Portugal, Corsica, and the islands of the Archipelago. — Dill. hort. eltii. t. 24. f. 27. Anonis scariosa, Mccnch. Fery-mild Rest-hai-row. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1732. PI. 1 ft. 46 O. DiFFu'sA (Ten. prod. p. 41. a])pend. 1815. p. 62. cat. 1819. p. 59.) .stems diffuse, pubescent, white; leaves trifoliate; leaflets oblong-cuneated, glabrous, serrated ; stipulas lanceolate, serrated ; flowers disposed in a spike ; calyx scarious, shorter than the corolla, and about equal in length to the legume. 0, H. Native of Naples and Barbary, in uncultivated places. Diffuse Rest-harrow. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1820. PI. i to 1 ft. 47 O. viLLOsissiMA (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 147. t. 192.) stems diffuse, very villous, and clammy; leaves trifoliate; leaflets ob- ovate, and are, as well as the stipulas, serrated ; flowers dis- posed in spicate racemes; corolla and legume shorter than the calyx. 0.?H. Native of Algiers, in corn fields. Flowers small, rose-coloured. f'ery-villous Rest-harrow. PI. 1^ foot. 48 O. serra'ta (Forsk. descr. 130. Valil. symb. 1. p. 52.) clothed with clammy pubescence, many-stemmed, decumbent ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets obovate or oblong, serrated ; stipulas a little toothed ; flowers disposed in spicate racemes ; calyx length of corolla and legume ; calycine segments somewhat 3- nerved. ©. H. Native of Egypt, Islands of the Archipelago, Corsica, and Mogodor, in sandy places. Flowers white, but with the vexillum red. Serrated-\e&\i:<\. Rest-harrow. PI. i to 1 foot. 49 O. hi'rta (Desf. hort. par. ex Poir. suppl. 1. p. 741.) plant hairy, much branched ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets obovate, sharply denticulated ; stipulas crenated ; flowers disposed in spicate-racemes ; calyx rather shorter tlian the corolla, but rather longer than the legume. 7/ . H. Native of the Levant. Flowers blue. Floral leaves simple. Hairs on the stem soft, and spreading. //a;n/ Rest-harrow, Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 foot. 50 6. ALOPECURofoES (Lin. spec. 1008.) stem solitary, erect, rather pilose, branched at the base ; leaves simple, elliptic, ob- tuse, and are as well as the large stipulas a little serrated ; flowers in dense spikes ; calyx hispid, nearly twice the length of the corolla and legume. ' ©. H. Native of Sicily, Spain, and Bar- bary. Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 140. Schkuhr, handb. t. 194. Corolla rose-coloured. Fox-tail-like Rest-harrow. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1696. PI. 1 ft. 51 O. .monopiiy'lla (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 145. t. 188.) stem branclied, erect, rather villous ; loaves simple, elliptic, and are, as well as the large stipulas, sharply serrated ; flowers in dense spikes ; Y 162 LEGUMINOSiE, LXII. Ononis. calycine lobes villous, about equal in lengtb to the corolla. ©. H. Native of Barbary and Mogodor. Very like the preced- in" species. „, One-leaved liestAmrrov^. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. 1 ft. 52 O. a'lba (Poir. voy. barb. 2. p. 210.) stem erect, villous ; leaves simple, oblong, and are, as well as the stipulas, serru- lated ; flowers distant, almost sessile, disposed in spicate racemes ; calyx covered with soft villi, rather longer than the corolla. ©. H. Native of Barbary and Naples. Vahl. symb. 2. p. 80. Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 145. Flowers white. /r/((7e-flowered Rest-harrow. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 52 O. oligophy'lla (Ten. prod. 69. cat. 1815. app. p. 62. fl. nap. 2. t. 67.) stem ascending ; leaves glabrous, simple, orbi- cular, and are, as well as the stipulas, serrated ; flowers pedicel- late, racemose ; calyx villous, shorter than the corolla. ©. H. Native of Naples and of Sicily, near Palermo, &c. There are varieties of this plant with the stems and leaves glabrous on the upper part, and pilose. Allied to O. dlba, and hardly to be dis tin"uislied from it unless in the flowers being on longer pedicels. /■eK'-/e(U'ed Rest-harrow. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 ft. ^ 4. Bugranoides (so called from the similarity of the species of this section to the last). Z). C prod. 2. 75. 164. Leaves sim- ple or trifoliate. Flowers sessile or sub-sessile, yellow. 54 O. Arragone'nsis (Asso, syn. arr. 96. t. 6. f. 2.) shrubby ; leaves trifoliate, glabrous ; leaflets roundish, serrated ; flowers almost sessile, twin, disposed in a leafless raceme ; calyx villous, one-half shorter than the corolla. ^ . H. Native of Spain, in the kingdom of Valentia, on mountains ; also of Arragon, and in the Pyrenees on the confines of France, and about Vena. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 552. O. dumosa, Lapeyr. arb. 410. — Magn. hort. monsp. 17. t. 21. //rrnn^on Rest-harrow. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1816. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 55 O. sPECio'sA (Lag. nov. spec. 22. p. 294.) shrubby, pu- bescent ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets ovate, doubly serrated ; raceme sub-spicate, terminal, elongated, hairy ; lower pedicels solitary, upper ones twin, shorter than the bracteas. Ij . H. Native of Spain, in Granada. Slietvy Rest-harrow. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 56 O. ju'ncea (Asso, syn. arr. 96. t. 5. f. 2.) shrubby, gla- brous ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets obovate, and are, as well as the stipulas, serrated ; flowers almost sessile, disposed in a long spike ; bracteas stipular, and are, as well as the calyxes, sca- rious ; corolla len;;th of calyx. 1;;. H. Native of Spain, in Arragon. Very like 0. minutissima, but the flowers are pale- yellow, and the stems are shrubby at the base. Rush;/ Rest-harrow. Shrub ^ to 1 foot. 57 O. cai'ita'ta (Cav. icon. 2. p. 43. t. 154. f. 2.) glabrous; stems prostrate, branched, filiform ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets ovate-ob!ong, toothed ; flowers capitate ; corolla a little longer than the calyx. 1/ . H. Native of Spain, in the kingdom of Valentia. C'«/)(7(7 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers blue. ' Striated Psoralea. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1816. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 24 P. racemo'sa (Thunb. 1. c.) leaves trifoliate; leaflets ob- long, mucronate ; racemes terminal, elongated. V^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers blue. Bacemose-fiowered Psoralea. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 25 P. arge'ntea (Thunb. 1. c.) leaves trifoliate ; leaflets ovate, cut, mucronate, silvery ; racemes of flowers interrupted. T; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers blue. .yi/utTi/ Psoralea. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1816. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 20 P. tomentosa (Thunb. fl. cap. 660. but not of Cav.) leaves trifoliate ; leaflets oblong, tomentose beneath ; heads of flowers terminal. 1; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers blue. Tome7itose Psoraha. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 27 P. astragalifo'lia (Poir. diet, suppl. 4. p. 587.) leaves trifoliate, glabrous ; lower leaflets elliptic-ovate, smaller, su- perior ones narrow, lanceolate, and longer ; spike of flowers ter- minal, somewhat capitate, y. . 1 G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Perhaps the same as P. capitata. Mitk-vetch-leaved Psoralea. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 28 P. CAPITA TA (Lin. fil. suppl. 339. Thunb. I. c.) leaves trifoliate and simple, linear or elliptic-linear ; heads of flowers spicate, terminal, h . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Vexillum scattered over with dots, similar to those on the leaves. Flowers purple. LEGUMINOSiE. LXXVIII. Psoualea. 203 Crt^jiVn/f-flowcrcd I'soialea. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1815. Shrub 2 to .'3 fuel. 29 V. rotundifo'lia (Liu. fil. suppl. 338. Thunb. 1. c.) leaves sinijilc, ovate, entire, glabrous ; heads of flowers terminal, and are, as well as the liracteas, villous, f; . G. Native of the Capo of Ciood Hope. This species belongs probably to the following division. Round-lcavcd Psoralea. Shrub. ••• Peduncles axillanj, bearing capitate spihcs of Jlonrrs at their tops. 30 P. corylifo'lia (Lin. spec. 1075.) leaves simple, ovate, cordate, a little toothed ; heads of flowers axillary, ovate, on long peduncles. 0. G. Native of the East Indies and Arabia. Curt. bot. mag. CG5. Trifolium unlfolium, Forsk. descr. 140. Flowers violaceous or pale flesh-coloured. Hazel-leaved Psoraha. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1739. PI. 2 feet. 31 P. virga'ta (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 104. ) leaves simple, very remote, almost glabrous, linear-lanceolate, radical ones ob- long-ovate ; spikes of flowers ovate-oblong, on peduncles, which are shorter than the leaves ; bractcas long, subulate, deciduous. %. H. Native of the west of Florida, between St. Mary's and Satilia river. Stem striated, twiggy, a little pubescent, as well as the leaves. Flowers blue ; the ve.Killum finely striated. Tniagy Psoralea. PI. 2 feet. 32 P. acau'lis (Stev. in Bicb. fl. taur. 2. p. 206.) radical leaves trifoliate, on long petioles ; leaflets ovate, obtuse, sharply toothed, the middle leaflet sessile ; peduncles radical, very long. 1^. H. Native of Western Iberia. Spike of flowers oval-oblong. F'lowers purplish. Petioles pubescent. Leaves hairy, as well as the peduncles. Calyx lieset with black hairs. Stemless Psoralea. PI. 1 foot. 33 P. arena' RiA (Nutt. gen. amer. 3. p. 103.) leaves trifo- liate, rather pubescent ; leaflets linear-lanceolate, obtuse, niucro- nulate ; peduncles axillary, longer than the leaves ; spikes of flowers capitate ; bracteas deciduous ; teeth of calyx obtuse, nearly equal in length, glandular. % . F. Native of Nortii America, on the banks of the river Missouri. Psoralea lancco- lata and P. elliptica, Pursh, fl. sept. amer. 2. p. 475 and 741. Root creeping. Stems dichotomous, erect. Flowers purplish- blue. The leaves are aron)atic when bruised. 6«Hrf Psoralea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 foot. 34 P. SiBiRicA (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 587.) leaves pinnately-tri- foliate ; leaflets elliptic, obtuse, glabrous, whitish beneath, some- what emarginate and mucronulate at the apex ; racemes very short, axillar)', glandless ; segments of the calyx linear, elon- gated, acuminated, and rather villous. 1(1. F. Native of Sibe- ria. Flowers pale-blue. Siberian Psoralea. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 35 P. Pal.esti'na (Gouan. ill. 51.) leaves pinnately-trifoliate; lower leaflets ovate, superior ones lanceolate ; petioles pubes- cent, sulcated ; peduncles axillarj-, 2-3-times longer than the leaves; spikes of flowers capitate ; calyxes pubescent, at length a little inflated. %. F. Native of Palestine, south of Tauria, and about Constantinople, and now in the south of France. Jacq. hort. vind. 2. t. 184. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 554. P. bitu- niinosa. Pall. ined. Flowers blue. Very like the following species, but the plant is nearly scentless. Palestine Psoralea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1771. PI. 2 feet. 30 P. BiTLMiNosA (Lin. spec. 1075.) leaves pinnately-trifo- liate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate ; petioles pubescent ; peduncles axillary, 3-4-times longer than the leaves ; spikes of flowers capitate ; calyxes pubescent. Ij . F. Native of the south of Europe, in exposed places. Lam. ill. 614. f. 1. There is a variety with narrower leaflets. I3esl. eyst. aest. t..ll. f. 2. Do- rycnium angustifoliuni, Mcench. Perhaps this last variety is suiliciently distinct from P. frulescens of Poir. diet. 5. p. 684. There is a plant described in Berg. caj). 221. which diflers from this in the spikes of flowers being terminal. Flowers with the vexillum and keel pur])le, and the wings almost white, smelling like black currants. The leaves when handled emit a strong scent of bitumen. /)'//Hwie«-scented Psoralea. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1570. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 37 P. sERi'cEA (Poir. diet. 5. p. 687.) leaves pinnately-tri- foliate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, silky beneath ; peduncles axil- lary, 2 or 3 times longer than the leaves ; heads of flowers de- pressed, involucrated ; leaflets of the involucrum about equal in length to the calyx. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. P. peduncidata, Ker, bot. reg. t. 223. Slipulas narrow, acuminated. Corolla bluish-violet. Si/la/ Psoralea. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1815. Sh. 2 to 3 feet. 38 P. MuTi'sii(H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 487. pi. legum. 191. t. 54.) leaves trilobate ; leaflets lanceolate-oblong, quite entire, glabrous, having the middle nerve, petioles, and branches pilose ; spikes axillary, pedunculate, oblong-cylin- drical, dense-flowered; calyx clothed with adpressed pili. J7 . ! S. Native of South America, near Santa l'"e de Bogota, and about Quito. Indigofera Mexicana, Lin. fil. suppl. 336. Flowers while. Mutis's Psoralea. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. **** Peduncles a.vitlary, bearing lliejlon'crs in loose spikes or racemes at their tops. Poikadcnice, Ell. 39 P. pentaphv'lla (Lin. spec. 1076.) leaves with 5 leaflets, palmately disposed ; leaflets unequal, oval, acute at both ends, pubescent, and glandular, and with the margins ciliated; stem and petioles villous. I7 . ? y.. 1 G. Native of Mexico. B. Juss.act. par. 1744. p. 381. t. 17. The roots are thick, and .ire supposed to be the contrayerva of the shops. Five-leaved Psoralea. Shrub. 40 P. escule'nta (Pursh. fl. sept. amer. 2. p. 475. t. 22.) plant hairy ; leaves with 5 leaflets, which are disposed pal- mately ; leaflets ovate-elliptic, glabrous above ; sjiikes of flowers somewliat capitate, pedunculate, axillary ; bracteas ovate, acu- minated, each enclosing 3 flowers ; corolla hardly longer than the calyx. %. F. Native of North America, on the elevated plains of the river Missouri. Flowers blue. Root simple, some- what fusiform, bulbous above the middle ; it is rather insipid in taste, but not disagreeable either raw or boiled, the latter is the common mode of preparation among the savages ; its te.Kture is lamellated, always tenacious, solid, and never farinaceous ; it is also somewhat medicinal, and operates as a diuretic. It is known to the Canadian boatmen bv the name of Pomme de prairie. Escnlent-xooieA Psoralea. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1811. PI. 1 ft. 41 P. cuswda'ta (Pursh. fl. sept. amer. 2. p. 741.) plant villous ; leaves with 5 leaflets, which are disposed in a palmate manner ; leaflets obovatc, mucronate ; spikes axillary, dense- flowered ; calycine segments as well as the bracteas ovate, cus- pidate, conspicuously dotted. % . F. Native of U))per Loui- siana, on the high plains of the river Missouri. P. macrorhiza, Eras. eat. 1813. Root large, tuberous, branched. Flowers blue. Cuspidate-hracteaA Psoralea. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1811. PI. 1 ft. 42 P. iNCANA (Nutt. in Eras. cat. 1813. gen. amer. 2. p. 102.) plant silky and canescent ; leaves having 3 or 5 leaflets, disposed in a palmate manner ; leaflets elliptic-lanceolate ; spikes few-flowered, interrui)ted ; bracteas acuminated, 3-flowered. % . F. Native of North America, on the plains of the Missouri. P. argophy'lla, Pursh. fl. sept. amer. 2. p. 475. Hoot flagel- latelv-fusiform. I'lowers small, azure-blue. Like /'. esculenta, but (liffcTs in being clothed with soft, white, and silky villi, but not tomentum. Dd2 20 1 LEGUMINOS^. LXXVIII. Psoralea. //o«r)/ Psoralen. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 foot. 43 P. lupine'lla (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 56.) plant smooth ; leaves on long petioles, having 5 or 7 leaflets, which are disposed palniately ; leaflets narrow, linear; racemes axil- lary, longer tiian the leaves; bracteas 1-flowered; lower seg- ment of the calyx longer than the rest. 1/ . F. Native of North America, from South Carolina to Florida. Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 103. Calyx and leaves glandular. All the lower leaves have 7 leaflets, and all the upper ones 5. Flowers pur- plish, not remarkably small. A very singular plant, the leaflets are so narrow as scarcely to be distinguished from the petiole, 2 or 3 inches long. Small-lupine 'P&oralca. Fl.Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1812. PL 1 ft. 41 P. MULTi'juGA (Ell. sketch. 2. p. 198.) stem branched, smoothish ; leaves pinnate, with 9 or 10 pairs of leaflets; leaf- lets oblong. lanceolate, obtuse, pubescent ; spikes oblong ; brac- teas small, membranous, glandless. If. . F. Native of Carolina, about Abbeville. Corolla violaceous. Ovary perhaps 1 ovulate. il/««//-^)fl(rff/-leafletted Psoralea. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 45 P. TENUIFLORA (Pursh, fl. sept. amer. 2. p. 475.) plant nearly smooth, much branched ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets ellip- tic, obtuse, rugged from dots on both surfaces, pubescent be- neath ; peduncles axillary, few-flowered, longer than the leaves; calycine segments nearly equal. 2/ . F. Native of North Ame- rica, on the plains of the Missouri, near the Arikaree village. Habit and mode of vegetation similar to Bapiisia tinctoria. Bracteas 3-flowered, shorter than the pedicels. Root flagel- lately fusiform. Racemes slender, 2 or 3 inches long, inter- rupted, 9-12-flowered. Flowers very small, pale-purple. Finc-Jluwercd Psoralea. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 2 feet. 46 P. LONGiFOLiA (Pursh, fl. sept. amer. 2. p. 741.) plant clothed with silky villi ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets linear, elon- gated ; spikes pedunculated, loose-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; teeth of calyx as well as bracteas subulate. 1/ . F. Native of Upper Louisiana. Leaves glandless. Flowers ap- parently white. Long-leaved Psoralea. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 47 P. Jame'sii (Torrey, in. ann. lye. new york. vol. 2. p. 165.) leaves trifoliate; leaflets obovate, very obtuse, cuneated at the base, quite entire, silky on both surfaces ; petioles pubes- cent ; spikes of flowers capitate ; bracteas oblong, acuminated ; calyx very hairy ; the teeth subulate, and nearly equal. % . F. Native of Canada, in the plains. Flowers blue. Stamens con- stantly monadelphous. James's Psoralea. PI. | foot. 48 P. latifolia (Torrey, 1. c.) leaves trifoliate ; leaflets broad- ovate, acuminated, sviiooth, but ciliated on the marwins, terminal leaflet on a long petiole ; spikes loose-flowered, elongated, axil- lary ; bracteas deciduous ; calyx glabrous, with acutish teeth. 1/ . F. Native of the plains of Missouri, near St. Louis. Broad-lcavcd Psoralea. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 49 P. eglandulosa (Ell. sketch. 2. p. 198.) plant pubescent and glandless; leaves pinnately trifoliate; leaflets oblong-lan- ceolate, entire ; racemes of flowers oblong ; bracteas broad- lanceolate, ending each in a long acumen, and are pubescent as well as the calyx. ;2/ . ? F. Native of Carolina and Florida, and common in the open forests of Ohio, Kentucky, and Tenes- see. Melilotus psoraleokles, Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. lOt. ex Ell. Stem minutely strigose, grooved ; spike or raceme of flowers 3-4 inches long, on a peduncle, which is from 4 to 6 inches long. Flowers pale-violet, pedicellate. Legume gibbous and trans- versely wrinkled. The plant appears to be a connecting link between I'suralea and McUlutus. G/aH(//fis Psoralea. Fl. July. PI. 1 to 1^ foot. 50 P. MELiLOToiDES (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 58.) plant pubescent ; leaves pinnately trifoliate ; leaflets lanceolate, glan- dular beneath ; peduncles racemose, length of leaves ; racemes or spikes linear ; bracteas acuminated, longer than the calyx. 1/ . F. Native of Carolina, Florida, Ohio, Kentucky, and 'J'e- nessee in open forests. Sims, hot. mag. 2063. Ker. bot. reg. 454. Bart. fl. t. 51. f. 1. P. melilotus, Pers. Flowers pale-purple. Legume length of calyx, gibbous, wrinkled, ter- minated by the style. Mililot-Uhe Psoralea. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1814. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 51 P. onobry'ciiis (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 104.) plant nearly glabrous ; leaves pinnately trifoliate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, rather pubescent ; racemes axillary, on long peduncles ; flowers secund ; legume obovate, muricgted, glabrous. 'J^. F. Native of North America, on the banks of tlie river Merimek, a few miles from St. Louis. Ker. bot. reg. 433. Root flagellate. Stems brownish. Flowers small, purplish. Perhaps P. hedij- saroides, Muhl. Perhaps a trifoliate species of Onobrtjehis. ,S'a;n//o;n-like Psoralea. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. 3 to 5 ft. 52 P. GLANDULosA (Lin. spec. 1075.) plant glabrous ; leaves pinnately trifoliate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminated ; pe- tioles scabrous from glands ; racemes axillary, pedunculate, longer than the leaves. %. G. Native of Chili, where it is called Culen. Sims, bot. mag. 990. Feuill. per. 7. t. 3. Ard. spec. 1. p. 24. t. 11. P. lutea, Mol. chil. 135. P. Culen, Poir. diet. 5. p. 685. Flowers bluish-purple, the wings and keel white. The plant has the smell of me, and is considered vulne- rary and purgative ; the leaves arc applied in the forming of a ca- taplasm to heal wounds, and an infusion of the roots is purgative. Glandular Psora\ea. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1770. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 53 P. pube'scens (Balb. in Pers. ench. 2. p. 347.) leaves pinnately trifoliate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, pubescent, dotted on both surfaces ; branches, petioles, and peduncles hairy ; bracteas and calyxes villous and glandular ; spike interrupted, rather shorter than the leaves. Ij . G. Native of Peru. P. pubescens, Willd. enum. 788. Lintll. bot. reg. 968. Poir. diet. 5. p. 686. P. frutescens, Poir. diet. Flowers bright blue. Pubescent Psoralea. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1825. Sb. 2 to 3 feet. 54 P. macrosta'chya (D. C. prod. 2. p. 220.) leaves pin- nately trifoliate, pubescent ; leaflets ovate, mucronate ; petioles scabrous from glands ; peduncles axillary, 4-times longer than the leaves ; spikes cylindrical, and are as well as the rachis, bracteas, and calyxes very hairy. 7^. F. Native of Nootka Sound, on the north-west coast of America. Bracteas acu- minated, length of calyx. Spike a little branched. Long-spiked Psoralea. PI. 2 feet. 55 P. cane'scens (Michx. bor. amer. 2. p. 57.) leaves trifo- liate, on very short petioles, pubescent ; leaflets ovate, on longish petioles ; peduncles axillary, 2 or 3-times the length of the leaves ; spikes or racemes interrupted ; calyx rather gib- bous, villous ; bracteas ovate, mucronate. 1^ . F. Native of Carolina and Georgia. Root rather fusiform, bidbous at the neck. Leaves and calyxes full of pellucid dots. Flowers blue. Canescent Psoralea. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 56 P. divarica'ta (H. B. in Willd. enum. 788.) leaves tri- foliate, glabrous ; leaflets lanceolate ; spikes interrupted, pedun- culate, axillary, longer than the leaves ; stem branched, diva- ricate. Pj . S. Native of Peru, near Guancabamba. Allied to P. jmbescens. Calyx tomentose, according to Link, in enum. 2. p. 258. Stipulas ovate, adnate to the base of the petiole. Stamens monadelphous, ex Bonpland, mss. in Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 486. Flowers yellow. Divaricate Psoralea. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 57 P. denta'ta (D. C. prod. 2. p. 221.) leaves pinnately trifoliate, glandular, and almost glabrous ; leaflets ovate, re- pandly-toothed, cuneated at the base, and entire ; racemes spi- cate, interrupted, pedunculated, longer than the leaves ; brac- teas subulate, hardly exceeding the pedicels. tj . G. Native LEGUMINOS/E. LXXVIII. Psoralea. LXXIX. Isdigofkra. ■20.3 of Madeira, not of America. P. Americana, Lin. spec. 1075. Jacq. Iiort. sclia^nb. ^27. — Lob. icon. 2. t. 31. f. 1. Flowers wliitc, but the keel is dark purple at tlic apex. Calyx glandular and sniooihisli. I'ar. /5, villosa ; calyx glandular and villous. P. polysta- cliya, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 587. if the synonyme be rightly attached. Native of Mauritania, near Alcassar. roocens (Lam. diet. 3. p. 251.) the whole plant clothed with adpressed canescent down ; branches angular ; leaflets 3, ovate, obtuse, terminal one largest ; racemes axillary, sessile, shorter than the leaves ; legume straight, linear, tetra- gonal, white, spreadingly reflexed. Tj .? S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers red. Canescent Indigo. Shrub 1 foot. 36 I. Ni'vEA (Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 273.) erect, and clothed with silky white down ; leaflt'ts 3, obovate, obtuse ; racemes shorter than the leaves. T? . G. Native of the Cape ofGoodHoi)e. Flowers re-leaved Indigo. Slirub 1 to 2 feet. 37 I. I'AUciFOLiA (Delil. fl. segypt. 107. t. 37. f. 22.) plant shrubby, erect, clothed with white adpressed down ; branches terete ; leaflets 1 to 4, oblong, mucronulate, lower ones smallest, usually alternate ; racemes somewhat spicate, longer than the leaves ; legumes somewhat filiform, torulose. Ij . G. Native of Egypt, in Elephant Island, and of the East Indies. Flowers probably red. Very like the following species. Fem-leaved Indigo. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. § 3. Mullijiiga; (from miiltus, many, and jugum, a yoke or pair ; in reference to the leaves being composed of many yokes or pairs of leaflets). Leaves im])ari-j)innale, Jiacing usually man;/ pairs of leajlets, rarely 2 pairs only. * Petioles elongated. Stems shrubby. 38 L argl'ntea (Lin. mant. 27. but not of Burm.) shrubby ; branches terete, white from silky adpressed down ; leaves witii 1-2 pairs of obovate leaflets, which are clothed with silky pu- bescence ; racemes shorter than the leaves ; legumes pendulous, somewhat compressed, torulose, canescent, 2-4-seeded. I; . G. Native of Egypt, Arabia, and the East Indies. Lher. stirp. t. 29. I. articulata, Gouan. ill. 49. I. glaiica, Lam. diet. 3. p. 246. 1. tinctoria, Forsk, descr. 1 38. This plant is gatliered in Barbary and Egypt for indigo. According to Desfontaines it is cidti- vated extensively in the kingdom of Tunis for dyeing ; but he says it is not indigenous there. The Arabs call it Ilabitit. Flowers with the vexillum and keel yellow and wings red. ii/cery or Arabian Indigo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1776. .Sh. 2 to 3 feet. 39 I. TINCTORIA (Lin. spec. 1061.) stem suflTruticose, erect; leaves pinnate, with 4-7 pairs of obovate leaflets, which are pu- bescent beneath ; racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves ; legumes terete, torulose, arched, 8-10-seeded. fj • S. Native of both Indies and tropical Africa, where it is cultivated to a great extent. — Sloan, jam. 2. t. 17 9. f. 2. — Rheed. mal. 1. t. 54. Uumpli. amb. 5. t. 8. I. Suuiatrana, Gaertn. frnct. 2. p. 317. t. 148. Lam. ill. t. 626. f. 1. Perhaps I. coerulea of Roxb. hort. beng. p. 55. is sufficiently distinct from this plant. I. I'ndica, Lam. diet. 3. p. 245. Flowers with a pale vexillum and red keel and wings. Indigo is one of tlie most profit- able articles of culture in Hindostan, because an immense ex- tent of land is required to produce but a moderate bulk of the dye ; because labour and land there is cheaper than any where else, and because the raising of the plant and its manufacture may be carried on even without the aid of a house. The first step in the culture of the plant is to render the ground, which should be friable and rich, perfectly free from weeds, and dry if naturally moist. The seeds are then sown in shallow drills about a foot apart. The rainy season must be chosen for sow- ing, otherwise if the seed is deposited in a dry soil or in the dry season, it heats, corrupts, and is lost. The crop, being kept clear of weeds, is fit for cutting in 2 or 3 months, and it may be repeated in the rainy season every six weeks. The plants must not be allowed to come into flower, as the leaves at that time become dry and hard, and the indigo produced is of less value, nor must tliey be cut in dry weather, as they would not spring again. A crop generally lasts two years. Being cut, the herb is first steeped in a vat till it has become macerated, and parted with its colouring matter, tlien the liquor is let ofl' into another vat, in which it undergoes the peculiar process of beating, to cause the fccula to separate from the water. This fecula is then letoflT into a third vat, where it remains some time, and is then strained through cloth bags, and evaporated in shallow wooden boxes placed in the shade. Before it is perfectly dry it is cut into small pieces of an inch sipiare ; it is then packed in barrels or stowed in sacks for sale. Indigo was not extensively culti- vated in India before the British settlements were formed there; its profits were at first so considerable, that, as in similar cases, its culture was carried too far, and the market glutted with the commodity. The indigo is one of the most precarious of oriental crops, being liable to be destroyed by hail-storms, 208 LEGUMINOSiE. LXXIX. Indigofera. wliieli do comparatively little injury to the sugar-cane and other plants. Indigo has long been cultivated in Spain, but has been long on tlie decline in that country, owing to the more favorable cir- cumstances of the East and West Indies. It was tried in the south of France :ind Italy during the time of Bonaparte, but found not worth following for the same reason. The indigo commonly cultivated in the West Indies is the I. A^nil, and sometimes /. tinctoria and /. Guatimala, though there are various species and varieties which afford a similar dye. Indigo thrives best in free rich soil and a warm situation, fre- quently refreshed with moisture. Having first chosen a piece of ground and cleared it, hoe it into little trenches, not above two inches or two inches and a lialf in depth, and not more tlian l-l or 15 inches asunder. In the bottom of these at any season of the year, strew the seeds pretty thick, and immediately cover them. As the plants shoot they should be frequently weeded, and kept constantly clean, until they spread sufficiently to cover the ground. Those who cultivate indigo in great quan- tities, only strew the seed pretty thick in little shallow pits, hoed up irregularly, but generally within 4-5 or G inches of each other, and covered as before. Plants raised in tliis manner are observed to answer as well or rather better than the others, but they require more care in the weeding. The plants grow to full perfection in 2 or 3 months, and are observed to answer when cut in full blossom. They are cut with reaping hooks, a few inches above the root, tied in loads, carried to the works, and laid by strata in the steeper. Seventeen negros are sufficient to manage twenty acres of indigo ; and one acre of rich land, well j)lanted, will, with good seasons and proper management, yield 500 pounds of indigo in twelve months, for the plant after being cut sends out stolons or new growths, and gives 4 or 5 crops a-year, but must be replanted or resown afterwards. (P. Browne.) According to Loureiro indigo is spontaneous in China and Cochin-china, and is cultivated all over those vast empires. The ancients were acquainted with the dye which we call indigo under the name of indicum. Pliny knew that it was a prepara- tion of vegetable substance, though he was not acquainted with the plant nor the process of making the dye. Even at the close of tlie sixteenth century it was not known in England what plant produced indigo. For in the Remembrancer for Master T. by Richard Harkluyt in 1582, he was instructed " to know 'd Anil, that coloureth blew, he a natvual commodity of those parts (Turkey) and if it be compounded of an herbe, to send the seed or root, with the order of sowing, &c. that it may become a natural commodity in the realrae as woad is, that the high price of foreign woad might be brought down." Dyers Indigo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. Shrub 2 to 3 ft. 40 I. GuATiMA~LA (Lun. hort. jam. 1. p. 420.) plant shrubby, erect ; leaves pinnate, with 4 or 5 pairs of lanceolate leaflets, which are hoary beneath; racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves ; legumes recurved, declining, gibbous at the sutures, many-seeded. I^ . S. Native of South America, at Guatimala! I. tinctoria /3, bracliyciirpa, I). C. prod. 2. p. 224. Flowers red. Dr. Patrick Browne says this plant seldom exceeds 3 or 4 feet high, throwing out many suberect branches as it rises. It is said to be nnich hardier than /. tinctoria or /. Anil, and affords a finer pulp, but it does not yield so great a quantity, and is only cul- tivated where the seasons are not so certain, or in mixed fields. The former yielding more of the dye than either of the others is generally preferred, though liable to many more mischances. Guatimala Indigo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1 731 . Sh. 3 to 4 ft. 41 I. A'nil (Lin. mant. 272.) stems shrubby, erect ; leaves pinnate, having 3-7 pairs of oval or oblong leaflets, hardly pu- bescent beneath; racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves; legumes compressed, not torulose, deflexed, arched, with the su- tures on both sides rather prominent. f? . S. Native of South America, spontaneous, but cultivated for indigo in both Indies. See /. tinctoria for culture and uses. Mr. Miller says this plant grows to the height of 5 or 6 feet (if this be his /. suffiuticdsa), and that being a much larger plant than /. tinctoria, it will afford a greater quantity of indigo from the same compass of ground, than any of the other species, especially if cut before the stems grow woody ; it will also grow on poorer land. It is very com- mon in Jamaica, growing wild in all the savannahs, where doubt- less it had been cultivated in former times. It is hardier than any of the other sorts, and grows very luxuriantly, even in the dryest lands ; but it does not yield so much pulp, according to P. Browne ; the dye, however, that is extracted from it is generally the best, of a fine copperish cast, and of a fine grain. The plant is called Hab-nil or Nile by the Arabs, and Nil by the Bengalese. Jar. a, oligophylla (D.C. prod. 2. o. 225.) leaves having 3-4 pairs of leaflets ; legumes arched. Jj . S. Sloan, jam. t. 176. f. 3. Lam. ill. t. 6^9. f. 2. Native of South America, and the West Indies. Var. j3, polyphijUa (D. C. 1. c.) leaves having 5-7 pairs of leaflets; legumes arched. Ij . .S. I. Cornezuelo, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Native of South Ainerica, and the West Indies. Var. y, orthociirpa (D. C. 1. c.) leaves having 5-7 pairs of leaflets; legume deflexed, straight. Ij . S. — Rumph. amb. 5. t. 80. ? East Indies and Madagascar. Perhaps a proper species, Anil or West Indian Indigo. F'l. July, Aug. Clt. 1751. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 42 I. Tiiibaudia'na (D. C. prod. 2. p. 225.) stem suffruti- cose, erect; leaves pinnate, having 10 or 11 pairs of elliptic, refuse, nuicronate leaflets, which are pubescent on both sur- faces ; racemes length of leaves ; legume pendulous, straight, linear, compressed, tapering into an acumen at the apex, 8-10- seeded. 1; . S. Native of Mexico. Legumes disposed in a raceme, which is 30 or 40 inches long. Flowers dark purple. Thibajul's Indigo. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 43 I. leptosta CHYA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 225.) stem suffruti- cose, erect; leaves pinnate, with 5-10 pairs of leaflets ; leaflets elliptic-obovate, retuse, mucronulate, rather pubescent on both surfaces ; racemes axillary, slender, length of leaves ; flowers distant, erect ; legumes reflexed, straight. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers red, about 20 in a spike. Slcndcr-sjoiked huWgo. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 44 I. uncina'ta ; shrubby, erectish, branched, stiff; leaves pinnate, with 5 pairs of lanceolate, mucronate pubescent leaf- lets ; racemes short, spicate, axillary, sessile ; legumes arched, crowded, h . S. Native of Sierra Leone, in waste places. Hoolced-\)oddeA Indigo. Shrub 2 feet. 45 I. atropurpu'rea (Hamilt. in Horn. hort. hafn. add. 152.) shrubby, erect; leaves pinnate, with 5-7 or 10 pairs of oval, retuse, mucronulate leaflets, having their margins rather undu- lated, younger ones covered with adpressed pubescence, adult ones nearly glabrous ; racemes axillary, slender, lower ones length of leaves ; calyx silky ; legume straight, compressed, mucronate, pendulous, 8-1 0-seeded. Tj . G. Native of Nipaul, at Narain-hetty. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 244. Flowers shevvy, dark-purple. Stipulas obsolete. Dark-jmr})le-Ro\\ered Indigo. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 181G. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 46 I. DosuA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 244.) shrubby ; leaves pinnate, having 10-16 pairs of oval, retuse, mucronulate leaf- lets, which are clothed with rufescent pili on both surfaces, as well as the branches ; spikes axillary, shorter than the leaves ; bracteas and stipulas linear and hispid ; teeth of calyx ovate, LEGUMINOSiE. LXXIX. Isdigofera. 209 acute. Tj . G. Native of Upper Ni pa iil, at Suembu, where it is called Dosi-s)va by tlie Nawarij. I-lo\vers purple. Dosi-sna Indigo. Shrub 2 to t feet. 47 I. GALEGOiDEs (D. C. prod. 2. p. 225.) stem erect ; leaves pinnate, having 8 or 9 pairs of elliptic, mucronate leaflets, whicli are bisit with minute pubescence on l)oth surfaces ; racemes axillary, one half shorter than the leaves ; legumes erect, straight, linear, acuminated, compressed, rather callous at the sutures on both sides. 10-1 2-seeded. Ij . S. Native of Ceylon. Legume 2 inches long and hardly a line broad. Galcga-like Indigo. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 48 I. cAssioiDiis (Kotll. ex herb. Ball). D. C. prod. 2. p. 22.5.) stem suttruticose, erect ; leaves pinnate, having 4 or 5 pairs of eliiptic-obovate, retuse, mucronulate leaflets, which are rather pubescent on botli surfaces ; racemes length of leaves ; legumes spreading, rather comj)ressed, glabrous, 10-seeded, with the su- ture thick and prominent on both sides. Ij . S. Native of India, on the Nelligery mountains, where it is called Man'digueda. The leaves are nearly like those of a species of Colutca. Le- gume stiff", an inch long. Casnid-like Indigo. .Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 49 I. CYLiNDiucA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 225.) stem suffruticose ; leaves pinnate, having 4 or 5 pairs of obovate, obtuse, or emar- ginate, glabrous leaflets ; racemes longer than the leaves ; le- gumes spreading, straight, cylindrical, 8- 10-seeded, glabrous, with the sutures not proininent. H . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves very like those of CoUitea. The legume almost like that of Calophaca, about an inch long, and about 2 or 3 lines in diameter. Cy/(H(/r(Cff/-podded Indigo. .Shrub 1 to 2 feet. .50 I. JUNctA (Delaum. herb. amat. t. 227.) stem shrubby, erect, and is as well as the leaves smooth ; petioles elongated, filiform, in the young plants the leaves are furnished with 3 or 4 pairs of obovate-oblong leaflets, but at length almost all nearly leafless; racemes erect, shorter than the petioles ; legumes reflexed. I; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. I. aphylla, Link. enum. 2. p. 251. I. filifolia, Ker. hot. reg. 104. Lebeckia containinata. Ait. hort. kcw. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 261. but not of Thunb. Spartium contaminatum. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 3. p. 10. but not of Lin. Flowers purple. Rushy InAi^o. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 511. avstra'lis (Wilkl. spec. 3. p. 1235.) shrubby ; branches terete, rather pubescent ; leaves pinnate, having 5-7 pairs of el- liptic-obtuse, glabrous leaflets ; racemes ratlier shorter than the leaves ; legumes spreading, terete, straight, glabrous, 8-10-seed- ed. I^ . G. Native of New Holland. Lodd. bot. cab. 149. Ker. bot. reg. 365. Floivers rose-coloured. Southern Indigo. Fl. Mar. June. Clt. 1790. Sh. 3 to 4 ft. 52 I. sylva'tica (Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. hoU. no. 879.) erect, shrubby ; stem and branches acutely angled ; leaves with 4-7 pairs of leaflets ; leaflets nearly equal, elliptic, quite smooth, for the most part emarginate ; r.icemes shorter than the leaves, or about the same length. (; . G. Native of New Holland. Hook, in bot. mag. 3000. I. angulata, Lindl. bot. reg. 2578. I. speciosa, Fraser, mss. Flowers rose-coloured, inclining to purple. A very shewy plant. /roorflndigo. Fl. Mar. June. Clt. 1824. .Sh. 3 to 8 feet. 53 I. Nu DA (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 301.) plant almost leafless ; branches terete, mucronate ; racemes axillary ; corolla, calyx, and pedicels purple. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Racemes long, in the axils of the branches. Lebeckia nuda, Sims, bot. mag. t. 2214. Flowers purple. Naked lnA\go. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Shrub 2 to 3 ft. 54 I. macrosta'chya (Vent. malm. t. 44.) shrubby ; branches terete, clothed with adpressed pubescence ; leaves pinnate, hav- ing 8 or 10 pairs of oval-oblong, obtuse, mucronate, pubescent VOL. n. leaflets ; racemes many-flowered, longer than the leaves. T; . G. Native of China. Flowers rose-coloiued, those on the lower part of the raceme soon falling ott" in the gardens. Loiin-spikcd Indigo. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 55 I. I'OLYca'iu'a (Willd. herb, ex .Spreng. syst. 3. p. 270.) shrubby, erect ; leaves with 5 pairs of obovale-oblong leaflets, which are ratlier strigose on both surfaces ; racemes many- flowered, about equal in length to the leaves ; legumes reflexed, tetragonal. I? . S. Native of South America. Many-fruited Indigo. .Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 56 I. frute'scens (Lin.fil. suppl. 334.) stem shrubby, terete, beset with short hairs at the apex, which arc fixed by their centre, as well as the under side of the leaves ; leaves pinnate, with 2 or 4 pairs of obovate-oblong leaflets ; racemes a little longer than the leaves. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 598. Flowers red. Shrubby Indigo. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1822. .Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 57 I. emargina'ta ; shruliby, branched, spreading ; leaves with 3 pairs of obovate-oblong, emarginate leaflets ; flowers in axillary and terminal panicles. V^ . S. Native of Sierra Leone, at the edges of woods. Flowers dark purple. Eniiirginate-leaflettcd Indigo. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 58 I. divarica'ta (Jacq. hort. schoenbr. t. 365.) shrubby; branches spreading much, puberulous, sulcated ; leaves pinnate, with 4 or 5 pairs of elliptic-oblong, mucronate leaflets, which are clothed with adpressed pubescence beneath ; racemes shorter than the leaves ; legume spreading, arched upwards, rather tetragonal, and somewhat nodulose, C-8-seeded. fj.G. Na- tive of? Flowers red. Lo'.ver leaves having 2 or 3 pairs of leaflets, the upper with 6 or 7 pairs. Z)»'«m-a/e-branched Indigo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.? .Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 59 I. compre'ssa (Lam. diet. 3. p. 248.) shrubby ; branches glabrous, compressed, flat ; leaves pinnate, having 1 or 2 pairs of leaflets ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, rather silky, minute ; racemes slender, longer than the leaves, 5-C-flowered; legume nearly terete, straight, smoothish. ^. S. Native of Mada- gascar. Flowers red. C'otnpressed-stemmed Indigo. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 60 I. cinera'scens (D. C. prod. 2. p. 226.) shrubby ; branches terete, slender, velvety at the apex from cinereous, rufescent, very short down ; leaves pinnate, with 2 or 4 pairs of obovate, obtuse leaflets, which are clothed with cinereous pubescence beneath ; racemes much shorter than the leaves, floriferous at the base. h . S. Native of the Mauritius. Greyish Indigo. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 61 I. iiu"milis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 454.) shrubby, procumbent, silvery from silky strigae ; leaves pin- nate, having 2 or 4 pairs of oblong, acutish, stiff leaflets ; ra- cemes few-flowered, much exceeding the leaves ; legumes re- flexed, rather terete, straight, usually 2-seeded. ^. S. Native of Peru, on the mountains near Caxamarca. Flowers red. Humble Indigo. Shrub procumbent. 62 I. TEPHROsioiDES (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 455. t. 5S0.) shrubby, rather climbing, when young clothed with adpressed, strigose villi ; leaves pinnate, with 6 to 9 pairs of leaflets; leaf- lets oblong, mucronately awned, clothed beneath with silky and silvery striga? ; racemes on very long peduncles ; legumes reflexed, pendulous, tetragonal, straight. ^. S. Native of Quito, near Ciienca. Flowers red. Ova 10 or 12, but the seeds are only 5 or 6, from abortion. Tephrosia-Uhe Indigo. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 63 I. Truxille'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) shrubby, much branched ; branches clothed with ferruginous strigse ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets 5 or 6 pairs, oblong, obtuse, mucronate, cu- neated at the base, strigose on both surfaces, but especiallv on E E 210 LEGUMINOSiE. LXXIX. Indigofera. tlie under ; racemes many-flowered, nearly sessile, shorter tlian the leaves ; legumes reflexed, nearly terete, rather falcate, 4-6- seeded. ': . S- Native on the shores of Peru, near Truxillo. Flowers rose-coloured. Truxillo Indigo. Shrub C feet. et I. LESPEDEzioiDES (H.B. et Kunth,]. c.) shrubby ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets 3 pairs, cuneate-lanceolate, rounded at the apex and mucronate, acute at the base, beset with strigse on both surfaces as well as tlie branches, glaucescent beneath ; ra- cemes many-flowered, on short peduncles, exceeding the leaves ; legumes rciiexed, rather compressed, straight, usually 8-seeded. Tj . G. Native of Mexico, on Mount Jorullo. Flowers red. Lespcdeza-like Indigo. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 65 I. arboue'scens (Zucc. obs. 1. no. 8i.) stems shrubby ; roucrh from papulae ; branches terete, scabrous from adpressed bristles ; leaves pinnate, with 4 to 8 pairs of oblong, mucronate leaflets, which are also beset witli adpressed bristles beneath ; racemes almost terminal, twice the length of the leaves : legumes spreading, terete, linear, glabrous. J; . S. Native of? Arborescent Indigo. Shrub. 66 I. SECUNDIFLORA (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 148.) shrubby; branches terete, and are as well as the leaves beset w ith clammy pili ; leaves pinnate, with 2 or 3 pairs of almost lanceolate leaflets ; racemes shorter than the leaves ; flowers secund ; calyx very pilose; legume almost cylindrical, mucronate, hairy. T^ . S. Native of Guinea. I. glutinosa, Valil. in herb. Desf. Flowers red. Sccuiid-Jlowered Indigo. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 67 I. Berteria'na (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 277.) shrubby, de- cumbent ; leaves with usually 4 pairs of obiong-spatulate leaflets, which are clothed with white silky pubescence beneath ; pedun- cles axillary, usually 1-flowered ; legumes linear, straight. Ij . S. Native of Guadaloupe. Flowers red. Bertero's Indigo. Shrub decumbent. 68 I. mucrona'ta (Spreng. in herb. Balb. D. C. prod. 2. p. 227.) stem terete, suff"rutescent at the base ; petioles and leaves clothed with adpressed strigre on both surfaces ; leaves pinnate, with 2 pairs of mucronate, ovate leaflets, which are pale be- neath ; racemes pedunculate, longer than the leaves ; legumes reflexed, straight, a little tetragonal, mucronate, clothed with strigose pubescence, many-seeded. Ij . S. Native of Jamaica. il/i(c?-o«a/e-leafletted Indigo. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. * * Petioles elongated. Stem herbaceous. ■ 09 I. iNQUi^NANS (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1236.) stem herbaceous, erect, and is as well as the terete branches hispid from clammy pili ; leaflets 4-5 pairs, elliptic-oblong, clothed with adpressed white pili beneath ; racemes shorter than the leaves ; legumes sprcadinjf, straight, terete, rather pilose, 8-10-seeded. ©. S. Native of St. Domingo. Flowers red. This plant is cultivated for Indigo in St. Domingo. Dyeing Indigo. PI. 1 foot. 70 I. lateri'tia (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1233.) stem herbaceous, erect, pilose, clammy ; leaves with 1 or 2 pairs of obovate, villous leaflets ; racemes usually about equal in length to the leaves ; legumes tetragonal, hairy, straight, 8-10-seeded. O- S. Na- tive of Guinea, particularly in the island of St. Thomas. I. hirsilta, Jacq. icon. rar. t. 359. coll. 2. p. 359. but not of Lin. Flowers red. Z{)(cfc-co/o!(jc(/-haired Indigo. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt. 1806. PI 1 ft. 71 I. viscosA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 247.) stem herbaceous, erect, and is as well as the terete branches, rather hispid from clammy pili ; leaves with 6 pairs of oblong-elliptic leaflets, which are clothed with adpressed bristles beneath ; racemes shorter than tlie leaves ; legumes spreading, straight, somewhat compressed. rather pilose, 8-10-seeded. ©. S. Native of the East Indies. 1. graveolens, AVendl. serf. han. t. 12. Flowers red. This species is very like /. latcritia. Var, (i ; stem rather diffuse. ©. S. Native of the island of Timor. Clammy Indigo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1806. PI. 1 foot. 72 I. GLUTINOSA (Perr. in litt. but not of Vahl. D. C. prod. 2. p. 227.) stem almost herbaceous, much branched; branches terete, beset with glutinous hairs ; leaves with 3 pairs of elliptic- obovate leaflets, which are clothed with adpressed bristles be- neath ; racemes a little longer than the leaves ; flowers distant ; legumes straight, nearly terete, erect, clothed with clammy hairs, 8-10-seeded. Q. S. Nativeof Guinea, particularly in Senegal. Flowers red. Glulinmis-haWed Indigo. PI. 1 foot. 73 I. DENDROiDES (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 571. coll. 2. p. 357.) stem herbaceous, erect, and is as well as the terete branches smoothish ; leaves with 6-15 pairs of oblong leaflets, which are clothed on both surfaces with very minute adpressed pubes- cence ; racemes slender, a little longer than the leaves ; legume erect, terete, straight, mucronate, smoothish, 8-12-seeded. Q.S. Native of Guinea. Flowers rose-coloured. Tree-like Indigo. PI. 1 foot. 74 I. polyphy'lla (D. C. prod. 2. p. 227.) stem herbaceous, erect, scabrous from strigae ; leaves with 12-16 pairs of elliptic leaflets, which are scabrous on the upper surfoce, and clothed with white tomentum on the under; racemes length of leaves; legumes pendulous, straight. 0. G. Native of Nipaid. Habit almost of a species of Diilea. Racemes and branches clothed with rufous villi. Stamens diadelphous. Ovary linear, compressed, almost tetragonal, acuminated by the style. Many-leaflettcd Indigo. PI. 1 foot. 75 I. iiETERo'TRicitA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 227.) stem almost herbaceous, terete ; branches and peduncles hispid from long, stiff, bristly hairs, which are hooked at their apexes ; leaves with 4-6 pairs of elliptic or obovate, mucronate leaflets, which are beset with adpressed strigae beneath ; racemes mudi longer than the leaves, pedunculate ; legumes reflexed, terete, mucro- nate, bearing adpressed strigae and bristly hairs. Tj , ? G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Burch, cat. geogr. no. 2635. Flowers red 1 A very distinct species. Variable-haired Indigo. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 76 I. Dominge'nsis (Spreng. in herb. Balb. D. C. prod. 1. c.) stems somewhat herbaceous ; branches rather villous, and rather compressed at the apex ; leaves with 4 pairs of obovate leaflets, which are dotted beneath and covered with adpressed pubes- cence on both surfaces ; racemes longer than the leaves, crowded with flowers ; legumes pendulous, terete, rather torulosc, and rather villous, 3-4-seeded. ©.? S. Native of St. Domingo. Allied to the following and /. enneaphylla. Flowers rose-co- loured. St. Domingo Indigo. PI. 1 foot. 77 I. oligospe'rma (D. C. prod. 2. p. 228.) stem herbaceous, erect ; branches angular at the apex and pubescent ; leaves with 4-5 pairs of elliptic-oblong, mucronate leaflets, which are co- vered with adpressed bristly hairs on both surfaces ; racemes length of leaves ; legumes terete, villous, and bristly, 2-3- seeded, spreadingly-reflcxed. ©. S. Native of Senegal. It diflfers from /. disperma in the leaves not being glabrous, in the legumes being more slender and not torulose, and in being much more villous. Flowers red. Fem-seeded Indigo. PL 1 foot. 78 I. dispe'rma (Lin. syst. nat. 3. p. 232.) stem herbaceous ? branches terete ; leaves with 4-6 pairs of elliptic-oblong, glabrous leaflets ; racemes slender, longer than the leaves ; legumes terete, rather torulose, mucronate, 2-seeded, scabrous LEGUMINOSiE. LXXIX. Indigofera. 211 (ex descr.) jjlabrous (ex icon.). ©. ? S. Native of the Indies. — Trew. eliret. t. 55. Flowers rose-coloured. Tno-scfdid Indigo. PI. 1 foot. 79 I. Fu'scA ; stem erect, beset with long brown hairs; leaves with 2 or 3 pairs of cuneated, niucronatc, pilose leaflets ; sti- pulas filiform, also pilose; spikes or racemes of flowers axillary or lateral ; calyx and legume clothed with fuscous hairs. ©. S. Native of Guinea, among grass. Flowers small, flesh-coloured. fttJcoiM-haired Indigo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 ft. 80 I. iiirsu'ta (Lin. spec. 10()2. but not of Jacti.) stem suf- fruticose, erect ; branches terete, and are as well as the petioles and peduncles hairy ; leaves with 3-5 pairs of obovate-oblong, obtuse leaflets, which are villous on both surfaces ; racemes longer than the leaves ; legumes tetragonal, G-secdcd, pendulous, hairy. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies and Guinea. Lam. ill. t'. 626. f. 3. I. I'ndica, Mill. diet. no. 4. but not of Lam. — Durni. zeyl. 37. t. 14-. Uheed. mal. 1. t. 55. Flowers pur- ple or red. //«(>// Indigo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 foot. 81 1. ASTRAGALiNA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 228.) stem herbaceous, erect, rough from simple hairs ; leaves having 4 pairs of obovate, very obtuse leaflets, which are villous on both surfaces and white beneath ; racemes shorter than the leaves ; legume tetragonal, pendulous, very hairy, 2-seeded. 0. S. Native of Senegal. Astragalus, Perr. in litt. 1825. This species is very nearly allied to the preceding, but the hairs on the upper surface of the leaves are adpressed and scarcely or not bifurcate. Flowers red. Milk-vctdi-like Indigo. PI. 1 foot. 82 I. Senegale'ksis (Lam. diet. 3. p. 248.) stem herbaceous, decumbent; branches slender, angular; leaves with from 1-3 jiairs of leaflets ; leaflets oblong, beset with adpressed bristly hairs on both surfaces ; racemes longer than the leaves ; legumes pendulous, much compressed, puberulous, oblong, mucronate, 3-4-seeded. ©. S. Native of Senegal. I. tetrasperma, Vahl. ex herb. Juss. Habit of a species of E'rvitm. This is a very distinct species. Flowers red. •Senegal Indigo. PI. procumbent. 83 I. I'a'rvula (Gailiiaud, voy. mer. part. hot. t. 3. f. 1.) brandies diffuse ; leaves pinnate, with 2 or 3 pairs of obovate, grey leaflets ; stipulas awl-shaped ; spike of flowers about equal in length to the leaves. 0. F. Native of Nubia. Flowers red. Leant Indigo. PI. diffuse. 84 I. linea'ris (D. C. prod. 2. p. 228.) stems herbaceous, rather diffuse; branches slender, angular; leaves having 1 or 2 pairs of linear leaflets, which are beset with adpressed bristly hairs on both surfaces ; racemes rather longer than the leaves ; legumes pendulous, linear, mucronate, straight, much com- pressed, scabrous, and puberulous, 10-12-seeded. 0. S. Na- tive of .Senegal. Flowers red. i/wenr-lcafletted Indigo. PI. diffuse. 85 I. iiendecaphy'lla (Jacq. icon. rar. t. 570. coll. 2. p. 358.) stem herbaceous, pros- FIG. S3. trate;branches terete and are as well as the leaves slightly covered with cinereous pubescence on both surfaces ; leaves w ith 4-5 pairs of obovate, oblong, cuneated, ob- tuse leaflets ; racemes shorter than the leaves ; legumes reflexed, te- rete, but slightly tetra- gonal, straight, villous, 8-10-seeded. %. S. Native of Guinea, particularly of Sene- gal and the island of St. Thomas. Ker. bot. reg. 789. Beau. fl. d'ow. 2. t. 84. I'lowers rose-colo\ired. The plants of this species which are cultivated in the gardens are almost smooth, except the under surface of the leaves. Eleicn-leajklted InCiu^o. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. pr, 86 I. Perkotte'th (D. C. prod. 2. ]). 2'^8.) stems herbaceous, prostrate, yoimg ones compressed, and clothed with villous pu- bescence ; leaves with 3 or 4 pairs of oblong-obovate leaflets, clothed on both surfaces with canescent pubescence, besides being dotted beneath ; racemes crowded with flowers, shorter than the leaves ; legumes oblong, terete, straight, ))ubescent, 3-1-seeded. 0.?S. Native of Senegal. I. prostrata, Perr. in litt. but not of W'illd. Very like /. etiiieap/iijl/a, but the petioles are longer, the stipulas linear-subulate, and the legume 3— l-seeded. Flowers red. Perrotlet's Indigo. PI. prostrate. 87 I. sEssiLiELouA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 228.) stem herbaceous, erect, much branched ; branches terete, and are as well as the leaves clothed with adpressed silky pubescence ; leaflets 3 or 4 ])airs, obovate ; spikes crowded with flowers, sessile in the axils of the leaves, and shorter than them ; legume terete, pubescent, straight, 4-6-seeded. 0. S. Native of Senegal. Hoot sim- ple, cylindrical, rather fusiform. Flowers red. Sessilc-Jlowcred Indigo. PI. 1 foot. 88 I. a'ncei's (Vahl. in Poir. suppl. 3. p. 147.) stems herba- ceous, compressed, 2-edged, glabrous; leaflets 9 or 11, alter- nate, obovate-oblong, obtuse, smoothish ; racemes longer than the leaves ; legumes pendulous, linear, compressed, acute, pu- berulous, 8-10-seeded. ©. S. Native of Guinea. Flowers rose-coloured. Tno-edged-s\.cm\neA Indigo. PI. prostrate. 89 I. alte'rnans (D.C. prod. 2. p. 229.) branches fdiform, and are as well as the leaves clothed with adpressed, bristly hairs; leaflets 7-11, alternate, obovate, or oblong, a little mu- cronulate ; racemes longer than the leaves ; calycine lobes end- ing each in a setaceous acumen, about equal in length to the corolla; legumes reflexed. Ij . ? G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burch. cat. no. 2079. Flowers reddish. Perhaps the same as /. punetata, Thunb. prod. 133. fl. cap. 599. but there are nothing like dots on the present plant to be seen. Alternalivg-leviiieneA Indigo. PI. 1 foot. 90 I. Carolinia'na (Walt. car. 187.) stem herbaceous, erect; branches terete; leaves with 6 or 7 pairs of oval-oblong leaflets, which are slightly covered with adpressed pubescence ; racemes slender, longer than the leaves ; legumes pendulous, usually 2- sceded, reticulately veined. % . G. Native of North America, from Carolina to Florida. Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 68. Flowers blue. Carolinian Indigo. PI. 1 foot. 91 I. Lagasca'na (D. C. prod. 2. p. 229.) stems herbaceous, erect ; branches terete, beset with adpressed bristly hairs, ca- nescent at the apex ; stipulas linear, acuminated, rufous, and scarious ; leaves with 5 pairs of obovate or oblong, mucronate leaflets, young ones clothed on both surfaces with adpressed bristly hairs, the adult ones only on the under surfiice ; racemes pedunculate, longer than the leaves ; legumes reflexed. Native of Peru, at Cheuchim. Flowers red ? Lagasca's Indigo. PI. 1 foot. 92 I. plumosa (.Spreng. syst. 3. p. 278.) plant decumbent and villous ; leaflets usuallv about 8 pairs, spatulate, emarginate ; racemes few-flowered, on long peduncles ; calycine segments at length elongated, very villous and plumose. ©. ? S. Native of? /'ea//icry-calyxed Indigo. PI. decumbent. 93 I. a'spkra (Perr. in litt. D. C. prod. 2. p. 229.) stem hcr- b.iceous, erect, branched ; branches terete ; leaves and peduncles covered with adpressed strigcc ; leaves with 1 or 2 pairs of linear, acute leaflets; racemes slender, longer than the leaves; legumes E E 2 212 LEGUMINOS^. LXXIX. Indigoiera. reflexed. 0. S. Native of Senegal, on plains near Richard-Tole. Flowers red. Habit nearly like that of /. psoraleoides, but differs in the leaves being pinnate. Rough Indigo. PI. 1 foot. 94 1. Jamaice'nsis (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 277.) herbaceous ; leaves with 3 pairs of oblong, mucronate leaflets, and are as well as the erect angular branches beset with adpressed bristly hairs ; racemes straight, exceeding the leaves ; legumes reflexed, almost terete. ©. S. Native of Jamaica. Flowers red. Jamaica Indiio. PI. 1 foot. 95 I. spicATA (Forsk. descr. 13. Vahl. symb. 1. p. 56.) stem herbaceous, decumbent, villous ; leaves with 4 pairs of obovate villous leaflets, outer ones largest ; stipulas lanceolate- subulate, dry ; spikes longer than the leaves ; legume terete, torulose, pendulous. — Native of Arabia Felix. Flowers red. Allied to /. hirsuta. Sjncate-Ro-wered Indigo. PI. decumbent. 96 I. sca'bra (Roth, nov. spec. 359.) the whole plant is scabrous from adpressed strigse : stem erect, tetragonal ; leaves ivith 4 pairs of oval, mucronate leaflets ; racemes elongated, loose, exceeding the leaves ; legume pendulous, a little arched, strigose, and somewhat tetragonal. ©. ? S. Native of the East Indies. Scabrous Indigo. PI. 1 foot. 97 I. MicROCARPA (Desv. journ. hot. 1814. 1. p. 79.) stem?; leaves with 4 pairs of leaflets, covered with white hairs ; racemes shorter than the leaves ; legume very short, white, 2-seeded. Native of Brazil. Small-fruited Indigo. PI.? ^ 4. Brachypodce (from jipa-j^vc, brachys, short, and novg TTofoE, jMus podos, a foot ; in reference to the petioles being very short). D. C. prod. 2. J). 229. Leaves imjMri-pinnate ; leajlels approximate. Petioles very short. 98 I. fra' GRANS (Retz, obs. 4. p. 29.) stems terete, rather pilose ; leaves with 1 or 2 pairs of leaflets ; leaflets ovate, ter- minal one obovate and larger ; racemes longer than the leaves, 3-5-flowered; legume linear, tetragonal. T?.S. Native of the East Indies.— Pluk. phyt. t. 166. f. 1. Flowers red. Frflgr««< Indigo. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 foot. 99 I. pusi'lla (Lam. diet. 2. p. 248.) stems terete, beset with a few adpressed strigae ; leaflets 3 or 4, alternate, oval, clothed beneath with while hairs, terminal one oblong and longer ; racemes a little longer than the leaves, few-flowered ; legume deflexed, linear, rather terete, 4-6-seedcd, hardly puberulous. ©. ? S. Native of ISLidagascar and the Island of "Bourbon. I. tenella, Vahl. mss. Flowers red. Small Indigo. PI. prostrate? 100 I. GLA~BRA(Lin. spec. 1062.) stem herbaceous, smoothish; leaves with 1 or 2 pairs of obovate leaflets, which are smooth above and pubescent beneath ; racemes few-flowered, length of leaves; legumes horizontal, glabrous, terete, acute. ©. H. Native of the East Indies.— Pluk. aim. t. 166. f 1. Branches with a few long hairs. Stipulas setaceous. Flowers red. Glabrous Indigo. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. IS'^O. PI. 1 ft.? or pr. 101 I. enneapiiy'lla (Lin. mant. 272.) stem herbaceous, procumbent, pubescent ; branches compressed ; leaves with 3-5 pairs of obovate-oblong, approximate leaflets ; racemes sessile, length of leaves ; legume straight, somewhat tetragonal, 2- seeded. ©. S. Native of the East Indies. Hedysarum pros- tratum, Burm. ind. t. 55. f. 1. — Pluk. aim. t. 166. f 2. Sti- pulas nu uibranous, dilated at tiie base, acuminated at the apex. Corolla d:u k purple. Mne-lcnjletted \nd:\go. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1776. PI. pr. 102 I. pentapuy'lla (Lin. syst. veg. 564.) stems herbaceous, depressed ; leaves with 2 pairs of oval leaflets : peduncles 2- flowered. ©. S. Native of? Very like the preceding species. Flowers red. Five-leajletted Indigo. PI. prostrate. 103 I. SEMiTRi'juGA (Forsk. descr. 137. Vahl. synib. 1. p. HQ.) stem suffruticose, prostrate ; branches terete, clothed with hoary villi ; leaves with 2 pairs of obcordate, mucronate leaflets ; racemes longer than the leaves ; legumes pendulous, oblong, torulose, 2-seeded. \. S. Native of Arabia and eastern Asia. Mart. acad. mon. 6. p. 189. The whole plant is very villous. Flowers red. Perhaps only a variety of /. enneaphylla. Jar. 'ft ; legumes 4-seeded. ^ . G. Native of Persia. I. argentea, Burm. fl. ind. 171. but not of Lin. Coronilla Persica argentea, Garcin. in herb. Burm. Half-threc-paired-leaRetted Indigo. Shrub prostrate. 104 I. ptj'lchra (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1239.) stems fruticose ; branches terete, hairy ; leaves with 1 to 3 pairs of oblong, acute, villous leaflets, those on the branches are sometimes simple ; racemes ovate, villous, with rufous hairs, length of leaves, ter- minal, somewhat capitate ; legume oblong, hairy, 2-3-seeded. Ij . S. Native of Guinea. I. ferruginea, Thonn. in herb. Puer. I. rufescens, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 148. Flowers red. Fair Indigo. Shrub 1 foot. 105 I. minia~ta (Ort. dec. 98.) stems herbaceous, procum- bent, and are as well as the leaves clothed with adpressed silky pubescence ; leaves with 2-3 pairs of oblong-linear leaflets ; racemes pedunculate, longer than the leaves ; legumes linear, tetragonal, 4-seeded. ©. S. Native of Cuba. Flowers ver- milion-coloured. I enniHon-Rowered Indigo. PI. procumbent. 106 I. CYTisoiDEs (Thunb. prod. 133.) stem shrubby, erect; branches angular, and are as well as the leaves clothed with fine adpressed pubescence ; leaves with 2 or 3 pairs of oblong, mucronate leaflets ; racemes twice the length of the leaves ; legumes somewhat cylindrical, and somewhat torulose. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. hort. schoenbr. t. 235. Curt. hot. mag. 742. I. mueronata, Lam. diet. 3. p. 247. Psoralea cytisoides, Lin. spec. 1076. — Pluk. phyt. t. 185. f. 5. Racemes sometimes terminal from the abortive branches. Bracteas ovate, mucronate, large, deciduous. Flowers rose- coloured. Calyx hoary. Cylisus-like Indigo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1774. Sh. 3 to 5 ft. 107 I. LOToiDES (Lam. diet. 3. p. 247.) stem shrubby, erect; branches terete, clothed with hoary pubescence ; leaves with 2 pairs of lanceolate, velvety leaflets ; racemes longer than the leaves ; calyx short ; legume linear, a little arched, velvety, rather torulose. Pj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Comm. hort. 2. t. 84. Flowers red. Very like the preceding species. Lotus-like Indigo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. Sh. 2 to 3 ft, 108 I. KioRicANS (Vahl. in herb. Juss. Pers. ench. no. 46.) stem much branched, twiggy ; leaves with 2 pairs of linear- cuneated leaflets ; flowers panicled ; legume short, strigose. ©.? S. Native of Guinea. Allied to /. jmlchra, but difllers in the pedicels rising from the axils of the superior leaves, solitary, 1 -flowered, and therefore constituting a racemose pa- nicle. Stems, pedicels, petioles, and under surface of leaves beset with white strigae. Legume oval, 2-3-seeded, clothed with brown vilh. Flowers purple. Blackish Indigo. PI. 1 foot. 109 I. cAPiLLARis (Thunb. prod. 133. fl. cnp. 599.) stem suffruticose ; branches slender, terete, glabrous ; leaves with 2 or 3 pairs of filiform, acute, glabrous, approximate leaflets ; racemes pedunculate, much longer than the leaves. I;. G. LEGUMINOS/E. LXXIX. iNDicoFEnA. 21 -J Native of tlie Cape of Good Hope. J. tenuif olia, Lam. diet. 3. p. ^It). Flowers rod. Ciipillari/-\i.'a\cd Indigo. Shrub -J foot. 110 I. Perrinia'xa (Sprenn;. neue. cntd. 2. p. Ifil.) branches terete, beset vvitli adpressed pili ; leaves with usually 4 pairs of linear, obtuse, niucronate leaflets, which are lined above, and silky beneath ; racemes few-flowered ; leijumes linear, clothed with rusty villi. 0.?S. Native of .South America. Pirrin's Indigo. PI. 1 foot ? 111 I. ANOUSTIFOLIA (Lin. mant. 272.) stem shrubby ; branches terete, hoary ; leaves with 2-3-4 or 5 pairs of approximate, linear, obtuse leaflets, which are canescent on the under surface, and somewhat revolule at the margins ; racemes 3 times longer than the leaves ; calyxes canescent. (j . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 599. Sims, bot. mag. 465. Poly- gala pinnata, Burm. cap. 20. Corolla purplish. Xarroji-leaved Indigo. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1774. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 112 I. Himboldtia'na (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 27C.) slirubb)', erect, smoothish ; leaves with 3 pairs of spatulate, mucronate leaflets, which are rather silky beneath ; racemes exceeding the leaves ; legumes pendulous, nearly terete. ^ . G. Native of Mexico. \. mucronata, Willd. herb. Flowers red. Humboldt's Indigo. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 113 1. ornithopodioi'des (Schlecht. and Cham, in Linnsea. 5. p. 577.) leaves with 2 pairs of leaflets; pili strigose, cinereous; stems difTuse, prostrate ; racemes on long peduncles, few-flow- ered, exceeding the leaves ; calycine segments subulately-acu- minated, equal in length to the corolla ; legume deflexed, 8- seeded, straight. ©. S. Native of Mexico. Habit of /. CHnea- jihylla. Stipulas subulate. Flowers red. Ornitlioims-like Indigo. PI. prostrate. § 5. Dig'ttatce (from digilatus, fingered, m reference to the leaflets all rising from a common centre, as the fingers of the hand). Leaflets 3 or 5, rising from the same dot or centre, either from the lop of p)etioles, or directly from the branches. 114 I. sulca'ta (D. C. prod. 2. p. 231.) branches angular and furrowed, rather canescent ; petioles wanting ; leaflets 3-5, linear, mucronate, stiff', with somewhat revoUite margins, clothed with hoary villi beneath ; flowers axillary, on short pedicels, in fascicles. I; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers red. /•'HrroK'erf-stemmed Indigo. Sh. 1 to 2 feet. 115 I. ASPALATHoiDEs (Vahl. in herb. Juss. D. C. prod. 2. p. 231.) branches terete, hoary from adpressed down, which is fixed by the centre ; petioles wanting ; leaflets 5-5, linear, very slender, somewhat complicated, beset with adpressed hairs ; pe- dicels axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered ; legumes straight, terete, 4-C-seeded, rather puberulous. Ij . S. Native of Ceylon and Malabar. Aspalathus I'ndica, Lin. spec. 1001. — Burm. fl. ind. 155. — Pluk. phyt. t. 201. f. 1. — Rhecd. mal 9. t. 3. Flowers red? Habit oi Aspdlathus, but the stamens are diadelphous, and the down and the legumes are that of Jndigofera. Aspalalhus-like Indigo. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1817. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. lie I. FiLiFoRMis (Thunb. fl. cap. 598.) branches terete, young ones rather hairy ; petioles almost wanting ; leaflets 5, oblong, cuneated, mucronate, strigose above, but white beneath, with the margins revolute ; racemes pedunculate, much longer than the leaves ; legumes straight, terete, spreading, glabrous, 8-10-seeded. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. I. candicans, Sieb. pi. exsic. cap. no. 55. V'ery like the following specie.s, but differs in the flowers being loosely racemose, not capitate. Thunberg says his plant has terminal racemes of flowers ; in ours they are axillary. I'd form Indigo. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1822. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 117 I. alopecuroi'des (D. C. prod. 2. p. 231.) branches terete, young ones hairy; petioles very sliort ; leaflets 5, ellip- tic-oblong, mucronate, clothed with ad[)rcssed strigac on both surfaces ; peduncles axillary, slender, 3 times longer than the leaves, bearing at the top an ovate head of flowers. Ij . ? G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lotus alopecuroides, Burm. cap. p. 23. I'lowers red. Fn.r-tail-liliC Indigo. Shrub. 118 I. coRiACEA (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. C8.) branches terete, hairy ; petioles very short ; leaflets 5, obovate, cuneated, some- what emarginate and mucronate, beset with adpressed striga. above, but hoary beneath ; peduncles 3 times longer than the leaves; flowers disposed in dense heads; legumes straight, terete, glabrous. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lotus Alauritanicus, Lin. spec. 1091. I. Mauritiinica, Thunb. fl. cap. 598. Lotus fruticosus. Berg. cap. 22G. Lotus race- mosus, Poir suppl. 3. p. 508. Indigofera, Sieb. pi. exsic. cap. no. 5 k 'Phis plant has very much the habit of Dorycnium. Flowers red or purple. Coriaceous Indigo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1774. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 119 I. SARMENTOSA (Liu. fil. suppl. 334. Tliunb. fl. cap. 596.) stem very short, much branched ; branches filiform ; leaves and calyxes clothed with adpressed strigose pubescence ; petiole very short ; leaflets ovate, small, mucronate ; peduncles axillary, usually 2-flowered, much longer than the leaves ; legumes cylin- drical, glabrous. Ij . G. Native of the Cajje of Good Hope. Ononis filiformis, Lin. mant. 206. Lotus exstipnlatus, Berg, cap. 227. F"lowers red. I'ar, ji, mierophtjlla (Lam. diet, 3. p. 250.) leaves with .3-5 leaflets. Sarnientose Indigo. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1786. PI. straggling. 120 I. digita'ta (Thunb. fl. caj). 598.) branches slender, an- gular at the apex, and are, as well as the leaves and calyxes, somewhat canescent from adpressed striga; ; leaves stalked, pal- mately 5-6-foliate ; leaflets lanceolate-linear, acute, complicated ; peduncles much longer than the leaves, bearing at the top of each a dense ovate-oblong spike of flowers. (^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers red. Digitate-\ea\ed Indigo. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 121 I. Burche'llii (D. C. prod. 2. p. 231.) branches slender, angular at the apex, and are, as well as the petioles and leaves, hoary from adpressed strigae ; leaves stalked, 4-5-foliate ; leaf- lets obcordate, niucronate, hoary beneath, and rather strigose above. I7 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burcli. cat. no. 2918. Flowers red. BurchclVs Indigo. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 122 I. SESsiLiFOLiA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 231.) branches terete, young ones canescent, at length becoming spinose ; petioles wanting; leaflets 3, obovate-cuneated, retuse, somewhat emar- ginate, pubescent beneath ; spikes pedunculate, longer than the leaves ; legumes compressed, rather arched, glabrous, 4-seeded. 1; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This species is nearly allied to /. spinosa, but differs in the leaves being all sessile, and in the legume being compressed, not terete. Flowers red. Sessile-leaved Indigo. .Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 123 I. sriNosA (Forsk. descr. 137. Vahl. symb. 1. p. 5o.) branches grey ; leaves on short petioles, trifoliate ; leaflets ob- ovate, hoary; stipulas acerose ; peduncles spinose, 2-3-flow- ered, twice the length of the leaves ; legume terete, but some- what tetragonal, scabrous, fj . G. Native of Arabia Felix, and the East Indies. This plant has the habit of a species oi Alhagi. Flowers red. Spinii Indigo. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 124 I. ca'ndicans (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 67.) branches slen- der, auTular, clothed with a(l|)ressed silky canescent down ; leaves stalked, trifoliate ; leaflets lanceolate-linear, silky beneath ; sti- pulas small ; spikes pedunculate, few-Rowered, much longer than 211 LEGUMINOSyE. LXXIX. Indigofeka. LXXX. Oustropis the leaves ; legumes cylindrical, straight. ^ . G. Native of the CapeofGcod Hope. Flowers red. Curt. bot. mag. 198. W7/i/e-leaved Indigo. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1774. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 125 I. psoH.'iLEofDES (Lin. syst. nat. 469.) branches angular, hardly pubescent ; leaves petiolate, trifoliate ; leaflets lanceo- late, clothed with adpressed pubescence beneath ; stipulas linear- subulate, elongated ; racemes pedunculate, much longer than the leaves ; legumes pendulous. (^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lam. ill. t. 626. f. 4. Sims, bot. mag. 476. Cy- tisus ])soraleoides, Lin. spec. 104.3. Burm. cap. prod. p. 22. L racemosa, Lin. spec. 1062.— Pluk. phyt. t. 320. f. 3. > but the racemes in the figure are shorter than the leaves. Flowers red. Psoralm-like Lidigo. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1758. Shrub 2 feet. 126 I. cine'rea (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1225.) branches rather angular, clothed with greyish silky pubescence ; leaves petiolate, trifoliate ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, silky ; racemes length of leaves ; legumes spreading, linear, mucronate, silky. fj . .S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers small, red. Grey Indigo. Shrub 2 feet. 127' I. Molucca'na (D.C. prod. 2. p. 232.) branches slender, terete, puberulous ; leaves petiolate, trifoliate ; leaflets oblong- lanceolate, pubescent beneath ; flowers axillary, sessile ; legumes spreadin'ily deflexed, puberulous, rather tetragonal, 4-6-seeded. Ij . ? S. Native of the Moluccas. The middle leaflet is on a short petiole. The flowers are probably red. Molucca Indigo. Shrub. 128 I. stipula'ris (Link. enum. 2. p. 250.) stem beset with short strigae ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets oval, with a few adpres- sed hairs ; stipulas oval, acute ; racemes longer than the leaves. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Perhaps belonging to a different section. Flowers red. Stipular Indigo. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1824. Sh. 1 to 2 feet. 129 I. iNCA'NA(Thunb. prod. 132. fl. cap. 596.) stems decuin- bent, very much branched, suff'rutescent at the base ; branches clothed with silky pubescence ; leaves petiolate, trifoliate ; leaf- lets ovate, acute, silky ; legume reflexed, silky. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers red. Hoar;/ Indigo. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1812. Shrub decumbent. 130 I. arcua'ta (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1228.) branches angular, clothed with hoary pubescence ; leaves petiolate, trifoliate ; leaf- lets elliptic, obtuse, mucronate, canescent beneath ; racemes al)0Ut equal in length to the petioles ; legume arched, reflexed, tetragonal, canescent. ©.? S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers red. //)c/ierf-podded Indigo. PI. 131 I. TRi ta (Lin. til. suppl. 335.) stem erect ; branched at the base; leaves petiolate, trifoliate; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acute; racemes shorter than the leaves. ©. ? ^ . ? S, Native of the Ea.^t Indies. Flowers red. ^ror» Indigo. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1802. PI. 1 foot. 132 I. iiedysaroi'des (Lam. diet. 3. p. 250.) stem erect, brancl-.ed at the base ; leaves petiolate, trifoliate ; leaflets ovate, obtuse ; legume arched. (^ . G. Native of the East Indies, ex Rheed. mal. 9. t. 36. and perhaps of China if I. coccinea, Lour, coch.p. 457. be the same. Flowers deep red. Hedysarum-like Indigo. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. 1 ft. 133 I. ere'cta (Thunb. prod. 133. fl. cap. 597.) stem her- baceous, nearly erect ; leaves petiolate, trifoliate ; leaflets ob- ovate, acute, glabrous above, and clothed with fine pubescence beneath ; legume cylindriajj, acute, reflexed, pubescent. — Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers red. Erect Indigo. PI. 1 foot. 134 I. procu'mbens (Lin. mant. 271.) stems flexuous, decum- bent, compressed, smoothish ; leaves petiolate, trifoliate ; leaf- lets obovate, .smooth above, but clothed with adpressed pubes- cence beneath ; racemes much longer than the leaves. % . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 597. Flowers blood-coloured, large for the size of the plant. Procumbent Indigo. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. PI. pro- cumbent. 135 I. prostra'ta (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1226.) stems filiform, prostrate, rather angular, and rather pubescent; leaves petiolate, trifoliate ; leaflets obovate, whitish beneath ; racemes shorter than the leaves ; legumes pendulous, filiform. Native of the East Indies. Plant tufted. Flowers red. Prostrate Indigo. PI. prostrate. -j" Species not suffic'tcnilij known. 136 I. uoTUNDiFOLiA (Lour. coch. p. 458.) stem twining, her- baceous, pilose ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets ro\mdish, tomentose on both surfaces ; racemes axillary, short ; legumes oblong, flat, acuminated, glabrous, 2-seeded. 0. '^. G. Native of China, near Canton. Flowers yellow. RoiMd-lcaJletled Indigo. PI. twining. 137 I. bufali'na (Lour. coch. p. 458.) stems suffruticose, climbing, glabrous ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets ovate, glabrous ; racemes axillary and terminal, on long peduncles ; legumes straight, rather compressed, villous. \ ■ ^- G. Native of Cochin-china, among bushes. Flowers between white and purple. Ox Indigo. Shrub cl. 138 I. STRiGOSA (Spreng. neue entd. 3.p. 54.) shrubby ; stems filiform; leaves abruptly-pinnate? leaflets 5-7, linear, acute, strigose ; stipulas cuspidate ; raceines terminal ? flaccid. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Allied to /. fdiform'is. Strigose Indigo. Shrub 1 foot. 139 I. oxyca'rpa (Desv. journ. bot. 1814. vol. 1. p. 79.) stem ani:;ular, pentagonal, pilose ; leaflets oblong-ovate, mucro- nate, pilose ; spikes of flowers on long peduncles ; legumes terete, a little incurved, acute. y^.t S. Native of the Antilles. Perhaps the leaves are pinnate or digitate. Sharp-fruited Indigo. Shrub. 140 I. DiFFU sa (Desv. 1. c.) branches diff\ise ; leaflets ob- ovate, somewhat emarginate, pilose ; spikes of flowers very short ; legumes divaricate, rather pilose. Ij . ? S. Native of the African islands. Diffuse Indigo. Shrub. Cult. The whole of the species of this genus are rather ele- gant delicate plants, and all the green-house shrubby kinds are worthy of general cultivation ; these grow best in a mixture of sandy loam and peat, and they are easily propagated by young cuttings planted in sand with a bell-glass placed over them. The stove kinds require to be grown in the same kind of soil as the green-house kinds, and to be propagated in the same manner. The seeds of the annual species require to be sown in a hot-bed in spring, and when the plants have grown a sufficient height they may be planted singly in sepai-ate pots, and placed again in the hot-bed, and some may be planted out in the open ground in a sheltered situation. LXXX. OU'STROPIS (from ovq, ous, an ear, and rpomc, Iropis, a keel : in reference to the keel of the flower being fur- nished with an auricle on each side). LiN. SYST. Diadeiphia, Dccandria. Calyx hairy, tubular, 5- cleft ; the segments subulate and acute, upper ones shortest. Vexillum broad, not emarginate, about equal in length to the wings, but longer than the keel. Keel furnished with an auricle on each side. Stamens diadelphous. Ovary pubescent, linear. Style glabrous. Stigma capitate and gl.andular. Legume short, cylindric.il, and rather compressed, ending in the straight acute style, 3-secded, the seeds lodged in as many cells. — A graceful small plant, with decumbent slender stems, which are slightly hairy ; and small, trifoliate, rather hairy leaves, small subulate LEGUMINOS^. LXXXI. Cmtoria. 215 stipulas ; umbels of small rose-coloured flowers, on long axillary j)cdunclcs. 1 (). microphy'lu's. If.. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lotus niicropliyllus, Hook, bot. niaji;. 2808. Snuill-lctncd Omtroins. l-'l. July. Clt. 1827. PI. decumbent. Cull. The seeds of this plant slioidd be sown thinly in a ])ot of light mould, and ])l;K'od in the green-house, where the plants will rise, llower and seed, the same season. LXXXI. CLITO'RIA (from clitoris, an anatomical term, a resemblance to the subject of which has been fancied to exist in the flower). Lin. gen. no. Sti!», Lam. ill. CiO!). Ga?rtn. fnict. 2. p. 149. D.C. legum. mem. vi. prod. 2. )). 233. — Ternatea, Tourn. act. acad. par. 170G. t. 1. — Clitorius, Pet. in Rai. hist. 3. p. |). p. Lin. svst. Diadi'lphia, Dccdiidria. Calyx furnished witii 2 large bracteas at the base, S-cleft (f. 34. a.). Vexillum large (f 34. b.). Stamens diadelphous (f. 34. rf.), inserted along witli the petals above the base of the calyx. Style rather dilated at the apex. Legume linear, compressed (f. 34. c), straight, 2- valved, acuminated by the base of the style, 1 -celled, many- seeded. Seeds usually sci)arated by cellular substance. — Climb- ing herbs, with impari-pinnate leaves, having 2 to 4 pairs of leaf- lets, but usually the leaves are pinnately-trifoliate ; the leaflets usually stipellate. Flowers axillary, pedicellate, large, white, blue or purple, usually resupinate. Sect. L Terna'tea (in allusion to C. Ternatea being a native of the island of Ternate). Kunth. nov. gen. anier. 6. p. 415. D. C. prod. 2. p. 233. Calyx tubular. Vexillum spurless. Leaves impari-pinnate, having 2 to 4 pairs of leaflets. 1 C. heterophy'lla (Lam. diet. 2. ]>. 51.) stems twining, slender, glabrous ; leaves with 2 to 4 pairs of roundish, ovate, or linear leaflets ; stipels none ; pedicels solitary, 1 -flowered ; brac- teoles small, acute. 1/ . '^. S. Native of the JIauriiius. Vent, choix. t. 26. Sims, bot. mag. 2111. Flowers blue. Variahlc-lcaved QWiorxa. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812. PL tw. 2 C. Terna'tea (Lin. spec. 1026.) stems twining, and rather pubescent ; leaves with 2 to 4 pairs of oval or ovate leaflets ; stipels subulate ; pedicels solitarj-, one-flowered ; bracteoles larLC, roundish ; legumes smootliish. 1/ . ^. S. Native of the East Indies, Mauritius, Arabia, Cuba, and usual- ly cultivated in gardens in almost all parts of the world. Sims, bot. mag. 1542. — Rumph. amb. 5. t. 31.— Rheed. mal. 8. t. 38. C. spectabilis, Sal. prod. 336. La- thyrus spectabilis, Forsk. descr. 135. Ternatea vulgaris, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. G. p. 415. Plumule inconspicuous according "" ^ to Gaertn. There are varieties of this luaiit with blue and white flowers, and also variegated with those colours. J'ar. ft, btactcatn (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 301.) leaflets rather sca- brous ; legumes pubescent. Ij . S. Native of? Flowers whitish- purple. Ternatea Clitoria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1 739. PI. tw. .Sect. II. Euclitoria (from en, well or good, and clitoria ; in reference to this section containing the true species of the genus). D. C. legum. mem. vi. prod. 2. p. 234. Calyx tubular. Vexil- lum spurless. Leaves pinnately trifoliate, that is, with oidy one pair of leaflets and an odd one. FIG. Nl \ 3 C. Maria'na (Lin. spec. 1020.) stems twining, glabrous; leaflets ovate-lanceolate ; pedicels solitary, 1-3-flovvered; lirac- teoles lanceolate, and are, as well as the calyxes, smooth ; teeth of caly.x nearly equal. %. ^. F. Native of North America, from Virginia to Carolina, in hedges by the sides of rivulets. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 02. Flowers pale-blue, and flesh- coloured. Legume torulose. Seeds glutinous according to Miclix. yi/nr»//«n(/ Clitoria. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. tw. 4 C. Mexica'na (Link. enum. 2. p. 2.i5.) stems twining ; leaflets mucronatc, glaucescent and pilose beneath ; pedicels twin, 1-flowered; calyx cylindrical, much longer than the linear brac- teoles ; legume straight, hairy. 11 . '^. S. Native of Mexico. Flowers of an obscure purple colour. The plant is said to be nearly allied to the preceding species. Mciicau CWloria. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1823. PI. tw. 5 C. angustif6lia (II. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. G. p. 417.) stems twining, glabrous; leaflets linear-lanceolate, obtuse, and rather mucronate, rather scabrous above and glabrous be- neath ; pedicels usually solitary, 1 -flowered ; calyx smoothish, having the 4 superior teeth very short. 7^. '^. S. Native of South America, near Angustura. Flowers rose-coloured. Narrow-lcavcd Clitoria. PI. tw. 6 C. FORMOSA (II. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. G. p. 417.) stems twining, smoothish ; leaflets oblong, obtuse, ending in a short mucrone each, glabrous ; pedicels 1-4 together, 1-flowered ; calyx urceolatc, glabrous, having the 4 superior teeth very short. ]!/ . '^. S. Native on the banks of the river Orinoco. Flowers violaceous. Ltgume compressed, sessile, glabrous. Z?(flMlia. Lam. diet. 2. p. 201. Rhombifolium canescens. Rich. herb. Stamens diadelphous. Flowers purplish. Ci/iV/Ha Neurocarpum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 foot. 5 N. laurifo'lia (Desv. obs. legum. ex Schlecht. Linnaea. 2. p. 510.) erect; leaves on short petioles ; leaflets 3, oblong-lan- ceolate, reticidated, obtuse ; flowers axillary, usually twin. V; . S. Native of Porto-Rico, in pastures. Corolla yellowish. Clitoria laurifolia, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 301. Laurcl-lcaved Neurocar])um. Shrub erect. LEGUMINOS^E. LXXXII. Neurocarplm. LXXXIII. Mahtiusia. LXXXIV. Colooakia. LXXXV. Galactia. 217 6 N. ELi.i'pTicuM (Desv. 1. c.) stems twining, rather herbaceous, pilose; U'aves on longish petioles, trifoliate; leaflets elliptic, membranous, rather puberulous above, but "glaucous beneath, and puberulous on the nerves ; peduncles few-flowered, axillary, solitary ; legume mucronatc, resinous inside. Tj . '~'. S. Na- tive of St. Domingo. Crotalikria elliptica, Poir. Clitoria tetra- gona, Poir. Clitoria rubiginosa, Pers. encli. no. 9. /,7///j//c-leafletted Neurocarpum. PI. tw. 7 N. rALCA'TUM(D. C. prod. 2. p. 23G.) twining; branches hairy; leaves trifoliate; leaflets ovate, glabrous above, and hairy beneath ; peduncles longer than the leaves, usually bearing about S flowers ; legumes usually falcate. f; . '^. S. Native of St. Domingo and Porto-Uico. Clitoria falcata. Lam. diet. 2. p. 51. exherb. Juss. Phaseolus amplissimus magno-flore, &c. Plum, spec. 8. mss. 2. t. 85. ex Lam. Flowers purplish. Falcalc-poddcd Neurocarpum. PI. tw. 8 N. ? Javite'nse (fL 15. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. ■109.) creeping, suffruticose ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets elliptic- oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base, coriaceous, glabrous above, and rather pilose beneath. Tj . S. Native of South Ame- rica, on the banks of the river Tuamini near Javita, at the mis- sions of the Rio-Negro. Flowers purplish? Javita Neurocarpum. Shrub creeping. 9 N. ? MACROPHYLLUM (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) arboreous ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets roundish-elliptic, acuminated, rather cuneated at the base, membranous, hairy above, and clothed with fine pubescence beneath ; peduncles bifid, racemose. Ij . S. Native of New Granada, near Turbaco. Flowers red. Legume hairy. Perhaps this shrub ought to be removed from the genus. Large-leaied Neurocarpum. Shrub 10 feet. Clt. The climbing and twining species of this genus should be treated in the same manner as the species of Clitoria, see p. 21C. The upright kinds like other common stove shrubs. LXXXin. MARTIU'SIA (inhonour of C. P.P. Von Martius, M.D. professor of botany at Munich, in Bavaria, and companion of Spix in his travels in Brazil ; author of a splendid work on Brazilian palms. See.) Schultes, niant. 1. p. 6i). D. C. prod. 2. p. 236. — Martia, Leander, sacr. akad. munch. 7. p. 233. t. 12. Lin. syst. Tetrandria, Motiogijiiia. Calyx tubular, perma- nent, somewhat bilabiate, having 5 acute teeth, the lower tooth longest. Corolla wanting. Stamens 4, 2 bearing anthers, and 2 sterile ; filaments all distinct, one-half shorter than the ovary. Anthers somewhat ciliated. Legume stipitate, girded at the base by the calyx, with the stipe also sheathed, compressed, somewhat tetraquetrous ; the valves furnished with a longitudinal nerve in the centre of each. Calyx, and especially the fruit, very like that o( Neurocdrpmn. The want of petals, and the few distinct stamens, are the characters by which this genus can be known. 1 AL piiYSALoiDES (Schultes, 1. c.) T^ . '"'. S. Native near Rio Janeiro, in fields, where it is called cow ])oison and tiiiil/o. Martia physaloides, Leand. 1. c. Stems frutescent, twining, vil- lous. Leaves pinnately trifoliate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, mucro- nate, glabrous above, but pubescent beneath. Peduncles 2- flowered. This plant is supposed to be deleterious to cattle and sheep in Brazil. Physalis-like Martiusia. Shrub tw. Cult. See Clitoria for culture and propagation, p. 216. LXXXIV. COLOGA'NIA (named by Kunth in honour of a family of the name of Cologan, residing at Port Orotavo, in TenerifF'e, from whom men of science visiting that island expe- rience the greatest hospitality). Kunth, mim. p. 205. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 411. D. C. prod. 2. p. 236. Lin. syst. Diadclphia, Decdiidria. Calyx tubular, bibrac- teolate at the base, somewhat bilabiate ; upper lip entire or bifid, VOL. II. lower one 3-parted. Vexillum roundish. Stamens diadelphous, inserted with the petals in the base of the calyx. Ovary stipi- tate, linear, very hispid, girded at the ba-e by an orbicular disk. Style glabrous, obtuse. — Stems procumbent or twining, beset with retrograde hairs. Leaves pinnately trifoliate, rarely uni- foliate. Flowers a,\illary, twin, pedunculate, violaceous or pur- ple. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from Clitoria and Galactia. " Leaves simple. 1 C. procu'mbens (Kunth, mini. 205. t. 57.) procumbent ; leaflet oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, smooth above, but strigose beneath, as well as the calyxes. IJ. . S. Native of South America, near Popayan. Procumbent Cologania. PI. procumbent. * * Leaves trifoliate. 2 C. ovalifo'lia (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 112.) twining ; leaflets ovate-elliptic, obtuse, mucronatc, rounded at the base, strigulose on both surfaces, rather glaucescent beneath ; calyxes pilose. It . ^. S. Native of South .\merica, on the banks of the river Amazon near Tomependa, in the province of Bracamora. Oval-lcajlettcd Cologania. PI. tw. 3 C. pulche'lla (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 413.) twining; leaflets elliptic-oblong, obtuse, rounded at the base, and somewhat cordate, rather strigose on both surfaces, glaucescent beneath; calyx pilose. 1^. '^. S. Native of New Spain, near Pazcuaro. Neat Cologania. PI. tw. 4 C. interme'dia (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 414.) twining ; leaflets oblong or linear-oblong, glabrous above, paler beneath, and strigose, as well as the calyxes. 1/ . '^. S. Native of Mexico, in shady woods near Real del Monte. Inlermediate Cologania. PI. tw. 5 C. angustifolta (Kunth, mim. p. 209. t. 58.) twining ; leaflets linear, obtuse, rather strigose on both surfaces ; calyx covered with hispid pili. 1(L. '^. S. Native of Mexico, in tem- perate parts of hills and mountains. iVarj-ow-/cfl!i'f(/ Cologania. Clt. 1827. PI. tw. 6 C. Broussone^tii (D. C. prod. 2. p. 237.) twining ; leaf- lets ovate-oblong, mucronate, rather strigose on both surfaces, paler beneath ; flowers twin, on short pedicels ; calyx villous, rather 5-cleft, the 2 superior lobes hardly connected, lower one longest. ]!/ . '^. S. Native of? Clitoria Broussonetii, Balb. cat. taur. 1813. p. 26. Allied to C ovali/ulia, but is perhaps specifically distinct from all in the 2 superior lobes of the caly.x being hardly connected. Broussonel's Cologania. Clt. 1827. PI. tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Clitoria, p. 216. LXXXV. GALA'CTIA (from yaXa, gala, milk ; the G. pen- dula yields a milky juice when cut or broke). P. Browne, jam. 298. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 61. D. C. prod. 2. p. 237. Lin. syst. Diadelphia, Dccdndria. Calyx bibracteate, 4- cleft ; the segments acute, and nearly equal. Corolla papiliona- ceous, having 5 oblong distinct jictals ; the vexillum broader than the rest, and incumbent. Stamens diadelphous. Style glabrous, crowned by an obtuse stigma. Legume terete or com- pressed, many-seeded, 2-valved, 1 -celled, elongated. — Climbing subshrubs or herbs, with impari-pinnate or jjinnately trifoliate leaves, with the leaflets stipellate. K.acemcs of flowers axillary. 1 G. ? pe'ndila (Pers. cnch. 2. p. 302. Ker. bot. reg. t. 269".) twining, pubescent ; leaflets ovate-oblong, villous beneath, as well as the petioles ; racemes longer than the leaves ; flowers twin, pendulous ; petals 4 times longer than the leaves. Ij . '^. F f 218 LEGUMINOS.E. LXXXV. Galactia. S. Native of Jamaica and Cayenne. — Sloane, jam. 1. t. 114. f. 4._p. Browne, jam. 298. t. 32. f. 2. Clitoria Galactia, Lin. spec. 1026. Flowers red. Shrub yielding a milky juice, and the len-ume is terete according to Sloane. Fendulous-dowered Galactia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1794. Sh. tw. 2 G. SERi'cEA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 302.) stem twining, pubes- cent : leaflets ovate, rather retuse, hoary and silky on both sur- faces ; racemes sub-spicate, axillary, shorter than the leaves ; corolla a little longer than tlie calyx. Pj . ^. S. Native of the Island of Bourbon. Clitoria Phry'ne, Comm. Juss. Legume glabrous, compressed, 4-5-seeded. Far. ft, lihrynoides (D. C. prod. 2. p. 237.) leaves silky and rather hairy; pedicels axillary, and usually 1-flowered. ^;^- S. Native of the Mauritius. Superior lobes of calyx a little broader than the rest. Perhaps a proper species. ,S'i% Galactia. Clt. 1824. Shrub tw. 3 G. Cube'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 429.) stem twining, beset with retrograde pubescence ; leaflets ellip- tic, rounded at both ends, membranous, puberulous above, but clothed with soft canescent pubescence beneath ; calyxes and legumes sUty. 1/ . ^. S. Native of Cuba, near the Havannah. Flowers purple. Cuba Galactia. PI. tw. 4 G. piLosA (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 116.) stem twining, clothed with dense and soft pili ; leaflets oval, obtuse, and pilose, paler beneath ; racemes pedunculate, longer tiian the leaves ; flowers nearly sessile ; legume villous. 1/ . '^. F. Native of Carolina and Georgia. Flowers reddish. Pilose Galactia. PI. tw. 5 G. MOLLIS (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 61.) stem twining, clothed with soft villi ; leaflets ovate-oblong, obtuse, glaucous be- neath, and nearly glabrous, smooth above ; racemes pedunculate, a little longer than the leaves ; flowers pedicellate ; calyxes acu- minated ; legumes compressed, pubescent. %. '^. F. Native of Carolina and Georgia. Pursh. fl. sept. amer. 2. p. 486. Hedysarum volubile, Lin. spec. 1057. — Dill. hort. elth.l. f 170. Flowers purple, and variegated with yellow and white. ^o/i! Galactia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1827. PI. tw. 6 G. olabe'lla (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 62.) stem pros- trate and naked, twining, smoothish ; leaflets elliptic-oblong, ob- tuse, emarginate at both ends, glabrous ; racemes axillary, sim- ple, short, few-flowered ; flowers pedicellate ; calyxes and le- gumes glabrous. %.'^. F. Native of North America, from New Jersey to Carolina, in pine barrens and sandy places. E'rvimi voliibile, Walt. car. 187. Dolichos regularis, Lin. spec. 1022. Flowers purple, red and white mixed. Smooth Galactia. Fl. July, Aug. PI. tw. 7 G. PuRsiiii (Desv. obs. leg. in Schlecht. Linnasa. 2. p. 510.) stem prostrate and somewhat twining, smoothish; leaflets elliptic-oblong, obtuse, emarginate at both ends, glabrous ; ra- cemes axillary, simple, short, few-flowered ; calyx glabrous ; legumes villous. Ti. '^. F. Native of North America, from New Jersey to Carolina. G. glabella, Pursh. fl. sept. amer. 2. p. 487. but not of Michx. Flowers purple, red, and white mixed. Roots fusiform. Purslis Galactia. Fl. Jidy, Aug. PI. tw. 8 G. radica~ta (D. C. prod. 2. p. 238.) stem weak, twining, smoothish ; leaflets oblong-linear, obtuse, glabrous ; flowers axil- lary, pedicellate, twin ; legume pubescent. %.. '^. S. Native of Mexico. Clitoria Mari'^na, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon, ined. but not of Lin. Flowers of a violet-purplish colour. Root woody, thick. Teeth of calyx 4, acute. Thick-roofed Galactia. PI. tw. 9 G. tubero'sa (D. C. prod. 2. p. 238.) stem twining, vil- lous ; leaflets ovate ; flowers axillary, twin, almost sessile, and with the upper abortive leaves mixed among the flowers so as to 1 give them the appearance of an interrupted spike of flowers ; root tuberous, oblong. 11. '^. S. Native of Mexico. Very like the preceding species. Flowers purple. Tuberous-vooted Galactia. PI. tw. 10 G. du'bia (D. C. prod. 2. p. 238.) stem twining, terete, beset with strigose pili, as well as the under side of the leaves and petioles ; leaflets elliptic, obtuse, somewhat emarginate, gla- brous above ; racemes axillary, about equal in length to the leaves ; legumes linear, rather falcate, acute, clothed with ad- pressed hairs. Tj . '^. S. Native of Guadaloupe. Galega du- bia, Balb. herb. Calyx when young strigose, but at length be- coming smooth, having the lobes acuminated. Corolla copper - coloured in a dried state. Doublfid Galactia. Shrub tw. 1 1 G. Jussi;ea'na (Kunth, mim. 196. t. 55. nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 427.) stem creeping, suflTruticose, clothed with silky tomen- tum ; leaflets elliptic, rounded at both ends, rather coriaceous, silky-canescent above, but clothed with silky white tomentum beneath as well as the legumes ; calyx clothed with silvery silky pubescence. Tj . S. Native of South America, on the banks of the river Orinoco, near Atures. Flowers rose-coloured. Jii.ssieu's Galactia. Shrub creeping, 12 G. Berteria'na (D. C. prod. 2. p. 238.) stem twining, clothed with retrograde pili ; petioles and leaves clothed with villous pubescence beneath ; leaflets ovate, acutish, glabrous above; racemes spicate, longer than the leaves; calyxes gla- brous, cleft into 4 beyond the middle : legume compressed, hooked at end, in consequence of the bent style, hairy in the middle of the i'alves, but glabrous on the margins. ^ . '~^. S. Native of Porto-Rico. Flowers purple. Bcrtero's Galactia. Shrub twining. 13 G. ANGUsTiFOLiA (Kuuth, mini. t. 56. nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 428.) stem erect, clothed with silky tomentum ; leaflets linear- oblong, rounded at both ends, with the margins undulately- repand, coriaceous, clothed above with silky pubescence, and beneath with silky silvery tomentum; calyxes silky. %. S. Native of New Andalusia, on the declivities of Mount Tumiri- quiri. Flowers purple 1 Narrow-leajietted Galactia. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 14 G. glauce'scens (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) stem erect ? smoothish ; leaflets elliptic-oblong, obtuse at both ends, coria- ceous, glabrous, shining above, but glaucescent beneath ; calyxes and legumes clothed with silky pubescence. Tj . S. Native of South America, in the province of Quito, at the river Cuella. Flowers violaceous. Glaucescent Galactia. Shrub. 15 G. coria'cea (Nees et Mart. nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 30.) shrubby, glabrous ; leaflets ovate, cuspidate, glabrous, and re- ticulately veined beneath ; racemes erect ; pedicels tern ; flowers pendulous. fj . S. Native of Brazil. Calyx cylindrical, 4- cleft. Flowers of a beautifid red colour. C'onacfo»s-leaved Galactia. Shrub 2 feet. 16 G. Ma'rtii (D. C. prod. 2. p. 238.) stem prostrate, but twining at the apex ; leaflets cordate-lanceolate, clothed beneath with yellowish silky pubescence, at length glabrous ; racemes axillary ; calyxes clothed with rufous villi. Ij . '^. S. Native of Brazil, in fields. Clitoria? angustif olia, Nees. et Mart. nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 29. Calyx 4-cleft, in which particular it agrees w ith the rest of the species of this genus. Flowers bluish-purple. Martius's Galactia. PI. tw. 17 G. ? Nee'sii (D. C. prod. 2. p. 238.) stems twining, tomentose ; leaflets oblong, obtuse, tomentose beneath ; flowers somewhat capitate ; bracteas lanceolate ; segments of calyx acuminated, villous. 1/ . '^. S. Native of Brazil, in fields. Clitoria rubiginosa, Nees et Mart. 1. c. p. 29. but not of Pers. Corolla pale- blue. Calyx 4-cleft. LEGUMINOS^. LXXXVI. Odonia. LXXXVII. Steganotropis. LXXXVIII. Vilmorinia. LXXXIX. Diplonyx, &e. 219 Nees's Galactia. PI. tw. 18 G. ? 1'>lli6ttii (Nntt. gen. amer. 2. p. 1 1 7.) stems twining ; leaves pinnate, with ,'3 pairs of oblong-elliptic, coriaceous, niu- cronulate, glabrous, shining leaflets, which are emarginate at both ends ; racemes pedunculate, few-flowered, shorter than the leaves. 14. '^. F. Native of South Carolina. Flowers pale- red. Lower segments of the calyx elongated. Ell. sketch. 2. p. S-tO. Flowers pale-red. Elliott's Galactia. PI. tw. Cull. These plants should be cultivated and propagated in the same manner as that recommended for Clitbrta, p. 216. but those species natives of North America do not require any heat. LXXXVI. ODO"NI.\ (from oaw^ o^ovtoc, odoiis odonlos, a tooth ; in reference to the wings being furnished with one tooth each on the upper side). Bertol. lucub. 1822. p. 35. D. C. prod. 2. p. 239. Lin. syst. Diadelphia, Dccandria. Calyx bractless, 'l-parted, shorter than the corolla, the segments undivided and nearly equal. Vexillum erectly spreading. Wings having each a single tooth on the upper side. Carina bipartite below, deflexed, re- mole from the vexillum. Stamens diadelphous. Style hooked at length. Legume compressed, 1-celled, usually 8-seeded. — A twining, sarmentose herb, with pinnately trifoliate leaves and axillary racemes of flowers, which are shorter than the leaves. This genus comes very near Galactia. 1 O. TOMENTosA (Bcrtol. 1. c). %■ '^^ S. Native of St. Domingo. Glycine velntina, Bertero, in herb. Balb. Young legumes clothed with velvety tomentum, adult ones almost glabrous. Tomentose Odonia. PI. tw. Cult. See Cliloria, p. 216. for culture and propagation. LXXXVIL STEGANO'TROPIS (from imyayoc, stegams, covered, and Tpoiric, trojiis, a keel ; in allusion to the keel being covered by the vexillum). Lehm. hort. sem. hamb. and nov. act. bonn. vol. 14. p. 820. Lix. SYST. DiatUlphia, Decindria. Calyx 5-toothed, bi- bracteate, permanent. Vexillum cucullate, bicallous at the base, and spurred behind, inclosing the wings and keel, which are membranous. Style membranous, dilated, and bearded at the apex. Legume linear, many-seeded. — A twining herb, with pinnately ternate leaves and 2-flowered peduncles. 1 S. conjuga'tus (Lehm. in sem. hort. hamb. nov. act. bonn. xiv. p. 821.) stems villous; leaflets sessile, lanceolate, pubes- cent. 0."^. S. Native of South America. Flowers greenish- yellow. C'on/M^o- long, villous, having rather revolute margins ; flowers usually 4 in an umbel. fp . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. F'lowers rufescent. Erect Glycine. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 19 G. heteropiiy'lla (Thunb. 1. c.) stems decumbent and twining a little, glabrous; leaflets oblong and linear, glabrous ; with somewhat revolute margins ; flowers umbellate. 2/ . '^. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow. Faiiable-leai'ed G\ycme. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Pl.tw. 20 G. arge'ntea (Thunb. 1. c.) stems twining, clothed with silky tomentum ; leaflets ovate, somewhat mucronate, clothed with white tomentum beneath ; peduncles axillary, 4-5-flowered ; flowers umbellate. 1/ . '^. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellowish. Silvery Glycine. PL tw. 21 G. Monnie'ra ^D. C. prod. 2. p. 242.) stems diflTuse, terete, glabrous; branches tuining a little, clothed with ad • pressed pubescence ; leaflets obovate or oval, rather acute, glal)rous above, but clothed with adpressed pubescence beneath ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; flowers racemose, at length reflexed. ^ . ! ^. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Monniera trifolia, Uurm. cap. prod. p. 20. exclusive of the synonymes. Moitnicr's Glycine. Shrub cl. LEGUMINOS.^. XCVII. Glycine. XCVIII. Ch^tocalyx. XCIX, Petalostemum. 22 G. secu'nda (Tlninb. prod. 131. fl. cap. 591.) stems de- cumbent, filiform, angular, jiubescent; leaflets roundisb, glabrous above ; racemes pedunculate, axillary, many-flowered ; flowers secund ; legumes hairy. 1/ . G, Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in grassy places. Flowers yellow. ,Sec»n(i-flowered Glycine. Fl. Jid. Aug. Clt. 1825. PI. dec. 23 G. Java'nica (Lin. spec. 1024.) stem twining, beset with retrograde villi as well as the petioles ; peduncles length of leaves ; flowers disposed in dense spikes, nodding ; bracteas lanceolate, minute. Native of the East Indies and Japan. Thunb. in Lin. trans, vol. 2, p. 340. Flowers violaceous. The plant under this name in the herbarium of Retzius has 3-lobed repand leaflets, the middle lobe acute, the lateral ones short and very blunt ; the peduncles are also longer than the leaves, and the flowers are disposed in rather loose spikes, also the calyx is acutely 5-toothed. It is, however, only the same species. Java Glycine. PI. tw. 24 G. viLLOsA (Thunb. fl. jap. 283.) stems twining, tomen- tose ; leaflets 3-lobed, acute, tomentose ; racemes pedunculate, axillary, 2-5-flowered ; legume tomentose. ■y. . ? ^. G. Native of Japan. Flowers purplish ? J'illons Glycine. PI. tw. Ctdl. .See Cl'iihria for culture and propagation, p. 216. XCVIII. CHiETO'CALYX (from x"'",, chaite, a bristle, and KoKvl,, calyx ; in reference to the calyx being covered with spiny bristles). D. C. Leg. mem. vi. prod. 2. p. 243. Lin. syst. Diadelphia, Decdndria. Calyx beset with glands and spiny bristles, bilabiate ; segments subidate, those of the superior lip recurved, of the lower lip adpressed. Vexillum roundish, emarginate ; keel conforming to the wings. Stamens diadelplious ; filaments connected at the base. Ovary linear, many- seeded. Style compressed, filiform, villous. Legume unknown. — Frutescent twining plants, with impari-pinnate leaves, having 2 pairs of oval, mvicronate, exstipellate leaflets. Stipulas lanceolate-linear, spreadingly deflexed. Pedicels fili- form, 1 -flowered, rising in numbers from the axils of the leaves. Flowers yellow. This genus has the habit of Tcphrosia, but is perhaps more nearly allied to Glijcine. 1 C. ViNCENTiNA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 243.) leaflets obovate, glabrous on both surfaces, but pale beneath. Ij . '^. S. Native of the Island of St. Vincent. Glycine Vincentina, Lindl. hot. reg. 799. St. Vincenl ChxiocaXy^. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1823. Sh. tw. 2 C. pube'scens (D. C. prod. 2. p. 243.) leaflets oval, mucro- nate, clothed with velvety pubescence on both surfaces, as well as branches. H . ^. S. Native of St. Domingo. Glycine pubescens, Bertero, in herb. Balb. The stamens which were ex- amined in one young flower were seen to be almost distinct. Pubescent Chajtocalyx. Shrub tw. Cult. See CliCuria for culture and propagation, p. 216. SuBTRiBE IV.- Gale'ge.e (plants agreeing in some important characters with G/ilcga). Bronn. I.e. exclusive of some genera, D. C. prod. 2. p. 243. Legume 1 -celled (f. 36. c. f. 37. c). Stamens diadelplious, rarely monadelphous. Stems herbaceous, shrubby, or arboreous. Leaves alternate or opposite, lower ones simple, the rest impari-pinnate. XCIX. PETALOSTE'MUM (from TrtraXoi', j;efa/o?i, a petal, and (yTi]^iwv, stemon, a stamen ; in reference to tlie stamens being joined to the petals at the base). Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 48. D.C. prod. 2. p. 243. LiN. syst. Monadilphia, Pentdndria. Calyx 5-cleft or 5- toothed. Petals 5, unguiculate, like each other in shape. Mamcns 5 jomed together into a tube. Vexillum con- duplicate, free. Legume covered bv the calyx, 1 -seeded, indehiscent. — Perennial North American herbs, beset with glan- dular dots, with impari-pinnate leaves, and with the flowers disposed in dense, pedunculate spikes, which are either opposite the leaves, or terminal from the upper branches becoming abortive. Sect. I. Petaloste'mon (see genus for derivation). D. C. prod. 2. p. 243. — Dalea, with pentandrous flowers. Vent. Calyx 5-toothed ; teeth short, not plumose. Petals on long claws, with roundish limbs. Spikes of flowers cylindrical ; bracteas subulate. 1 P. ca'ndidum (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 48. t. 37. f. 1.) spike cylindrical, on a long peduncle ; bracteas longer than the flowers ; leaves glabrous, with 3 pairs of lanceolate leaflets. % . F. Native of Tenessee, in the Illinois region, and on the banks of the Missouri. Dalea Candida, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1337. Psoralea Candida, Poir. suppl. Flowers white. n7«7e-flowered Petalostemum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1811. PI. 1 foot. 2 P. ca'rneum (Michx. 1. c.) spikes cylindrical, pedunculate ; bracteas subulate, length of calyx ; bracteoles setaceous, per- manent; calyxes glabrous ; leaflets lanceolate, 'y.. F. Native of Georgia and Florida, in pine forests. Flowers pale flesh- coloured. F/e«/i-coloured-flowered Petalostemum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1811. PI. U foot. 3 P. viola'ceum (Michx. 1. c. t. 37. f. 2.) spike cylindrical, on a short peduncle ; bracteas about equal in length to the calyx ; bracteoles spatulate, deciduous ; calyxes silky ; leaves having 2 pairs of linear leaflets. 2/ . F. Native of Tenessee, in the Illinois country, and in the prairies of the Missouri. Dalea violacea, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1337. Dalea purpiirea. Vent. hort. eels. t. 40. Psoralea violacea, Poir. suppl. Sims, bot. mag. 1707. Flowers pale-purple. y'wlaceuiis-Ao'KexeA Petalostemum. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1811. PI. Ifoot. 4 P. macrosta'chyum (Torrey, in ann. lye. 2. p. 176.) spike cylindrical, compact, very long ; bracteas lanceolate ; calyxes clothed with silky villi ; leaves generally with 3 pairs of lanceo- late-oblong glabrous leaflets. %. . H. Native of North Ame- rica, about the forks of tlie Platte. Flowers small, white. Long-spiked Petalostemum. PI. 2 feet. 5 P. RosEUM (Nutt. in Silhm. amer. journ. 5. p. 1822. p. 298.) plant glabrous ; leaflets linear ; bracteas subulate, very short, permanent ; calyx striated, glabrous. If. . F. Native of Eastern Florida. Very like P. violiiceiim, but differs in the calyxes being perfectly glabrous, and in the petals being rose-coloured. /?ose-coloured-flowered Petalostemum. PI. 1 foot. 6 P. viLio'suM (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 85.) plant villous, de- cumbent ; spike cylindrical, nearly sessile ; bracteas shorter than the woolly calyx ; leaves having 7 pairs of linear-oblong leaflets. % . F. Native in sandy places near the river Missouri about Fort Mandan, at the Knife river. Root fusiform. Petals pale- red. f'illous Petalostemum. PI. decumbent. Sect. II. Kuhniste'ra (in honour of Adam Kuhn, a pupil of Linnaeus. There is, however, a genus Kuhnia, named by Lin- neus in compliment to him ; the diflPerent termination of the word is to distinguish it from that genus). Lam. diet. 3. p. 370. Vent, mem. soc. hist. nat. par. p. 113. D. C. prod. 2. p. 244 — Cyli- pogon, Rafin, in journ. phys. aug. 1819. p. 97. Calyx almost 5-parted ; segments plumose. Petals linear, attenuated at the base. Flowers capitate. Bracteas scarious, roundish, forming as it were an involucrum to the head of the flowers. Perhaps a proper genus. LEGUMINOSvE. XCIX. Petalostemum. C. Dalea. 223 7 P. coRYMBosuM (Miclix. cx Poir. in lierb. Jiiss. D. C. prod. 2. p. S-l't.) flowers disposed in panicled corymbs ; leaves having 2-y pairs of linear, awnless, glalirous leaflets ; segments of the calyx very villous. !{.. F. Native of Carolina and Georgia, in pine barrens. Kiihnia afli'nis, Walt. car. 103. Knh- nistera Carolinensis, Lam. diet. 1. c. Dalea Kidinistera, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1337. Cylipogon virgitum, Rafin. 1. c. Petals white. Corymioxe-flowered Petalostemum. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1811. PI. IJ foot. S P. ? capita'tum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 244.) stem striated, silky; leaflets 5, oblong-cuneiform, obtuse, entire, silky ; spike oblong, capitate, clothed with rufous villi ; bracteas imbricated ; stamens inclosed. 11 . ¥. Native of the plains of Missouri. Cylipogon capitatum, Rafin. 1. c. Flowers yellow. Stamens 8, connected together at the base in this, as well as the foUovving species, according to Rafin, 1. c. Ca^)i7n-o«o-/j Liquorice. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1795. PI. 2 feet. 6 G. Urale'nsis (Fisch. in lift. D. C. prod. 2. p. 248.) stem erect, covered with velvety pubescence; leaflets obovate, obtuse, almost glabrous; stipulas lanceolate; calyxes villous. 2/.H. Native of Siberia, on the Ural mountains. Fruit unknown. Very nearly allied to G. asperrima. Flowers pale-violet. Ural Liquoiice. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 2 feet. 7 G. eciiina'ta (Lin. spec. lOtC.) leaflets oval-lanceolate, mucronate, glabrous ; stipulas oblong-lanceolate ; spikes of flowers capitate, on very short peduncles ; legumes oval, mucro- nate, 2-seeded, echinated by bristles. 1/. H. Native of Apulia, on mount Gardano, and in the northern provinces of China, and of Tartary. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 95. Sims, bot. mag. 252. Schkuhr, handb. 225. Racemes not half so long as the leaves. Flowers purple. The whole plant is glutinous to the touch. Roots horizontal, in taste like the common liquorice. iic/»«aoUinean Tephrosia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1816. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 59 T. spiNosA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 330.) shrubby ; branches canescent ; stipulas spinose ; leaves with 3 or 4 pairs of cu- neated, emarginate, smoothish leaflets ; flowers few, axillary, nearly sessile ; legume falcate, 5-6-seeded, beset with adpressed very minute pubescence, fj . S. Native of Coromandel, Timor, and Java, on the margins of fields. Galega spinosa, Lin. fil. suppl. 335. Stamens monadelphous. Spiny Tephrosia. Shrub. 60 T. Timorie'nsis (D. C. prod. 2. p. 254.) plant herbaceous, diffuse, clothed with canescent hairs ; leaves with 3-4 pairs of obovate-oblong, obtuse leaflets, clothed with silky villi beneath, and each terminated in a straight mucrone ; stipulas linear- subulate : peduncles 2-3, axillary, very short, 1 -flowered ; legume erect, straight, velvety, 8-10-seeded. ©. S. Native of the Island of Timor. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from T. 2)umila. Timor Tephrosia. PI. diffuse. 61 T. pinn.\'ta (Pers. ench. 2. p. 330.) plant herbaceous, decumbent, glabrous ; leaves with 4 pairs of oblong, acute leaflets, which are dotted beneath ; stipulas ovate ; peduncles axillary ; flowers umbellate ; legumes ensiform, pubescent. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Galega pinnata, Thunb fl. cab. 602. Flowers purple. rinmiteAeaved Tephrosia. Shrub decumbent. 62 T. BiFLORA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 254.) plant shrubhy, hardly pubescent ; leaves with 2 or 3 pairs of oval-lanceolate, obtuse leaflets, which are silky beneath, lower ones smallest, terminal one very large ; stipulas subulate, villous ; flowers twin, almost sessile, axillary ; legume pubescent, rather incurved at the apex. Tj. S. Native country unknown. Galega biflora, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 699. Flowers purple. Calyx very villous. Very like T. hypargyrea, and especially T. nervosa. LEGUMINOS^. CIV. TEniRosiA. 233 Tno-flon-ered Tephrosh. Fl. Jul. Aiic;. Clt. 181G. Sh.ltoSft. 63 T. NERVOSA (I'ers. eneh. 2. p. ti'^8.) brandies angular, pu- bescent ; leaves uith 1 -2 pairs of elliptic-obtuse leaflets, which are narrowest at the base, quite j^labrous above, and pinnately veineil, but clothed with white tomentuni beneath, the terminal leaflet largest ; peduncles axillary, length of leaves, furnished witii one leaf under the head of flowers ; legumes linear, smooth- ish. h . S. Native of Madagascar. Ncrved-leayed Tephrosia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. ■j" Sjiccies not sufficiently known. * Leaves imparl- pinnate. G4 T. stipula'ris (D. C. prod. 2. p. 254.) shrubby, quite smooth ; leaflets oblong-linear, acute ; stipulas large, almost opposite, connate, acute, nerved ; legume linear-lanceolate. h . S. Native of South America. Brissonia stipularis, Desv. journ. bot. 1814. 1. p. 74. Slipular Tephrosia. Shrub. 65 T. trapezica'rpa (D. C. jirod. 2. p. 255.) stems elongated, decumbent, quite smooth ; leaflets oblong, pilose beneath ; pili stiff and few ; legume compressed, pilose, trapeziform. Tj . ? S. Native of the East Indies. Brissonia trapeziformis, Desv. 1. c. Trapezium-fruited Tephrosia. Shrub decumbent. 66 T. UNIFLORA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 329.) leaflets oblong, rather retuse, mucronate ; calyx villous ; legumes compressed, villous, a little arched, solitary, axillary. Native of Senegal. One-flowered Tephrosia. PI. 1 foot. 67 T. cAPiTVLATA (Link. enum. 2. p. 329.) leaflets obversely lanceolate, obtuse, emarginate, silky beneath ; racemes terminal, short, furnished with a leaf; legumes hairy, "if.. S. Native of the Island of Owhyhee. Headed Tephrosia. PI. 1 foot. 68 T. stria" TA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 328.) herbaceous, erect, glabrous below, villous above ; leaflets alternate, oblong, obtuse, mucronate, finely pubescent ; racemes terminal, drooping. ©. ? G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Galega striata, Thunb. fl. cap. 602. Striated Tephrosia. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 69 T. MTRTiioLiA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 255.) plant herbaceous, flexuous, glabrous ; leaves with 3 pairs of elliptic-oblong, ob- tuse, somewhat mucronate, striated leaflets ; stipulas subulate ; racemes opposite the leaves ; legumes linear, glabrous, spread- ing. 0. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Coronilla mvrtifolia, Burm. cap. 22. ]\Ii/rtle-leaved Tephrosia. PI. 1 foot. 70 T. Rhe'edii (D. C. prod. 2. p. 255.) suffruticose, branched, diffuse ; leaves with 4-5-pairs of oblong, somewhat obovate, obtuse, mucronate leaflets ; peduncles longer than the leaves, few-flowered. Tj . S. Native of Malabar, in sandy places. Man-Todda-vaddi, Rheed, mal. 9. t. 22. Rochea, Scop, introd. 296. no. 1340. Flowers apparently with only 3 petals, in con- sequence of the carina being very short, pale yellow. Jtheede's Tephrosia. Sh. 1 foot. * * ThermoldecB (from deppog, thermos, a lupine, and icea, idea, like ; plants resembling the lupine in having palmate leaves). Leaves palmately 5-foHate, having 2 little stipulas at the tojy of the petiole. Stipulas and stipels becoming hard and spinescenl. Leaflets covipUcate, margined nilh a nerve. Flowers unknonu. Perhaps a proper genus. 71 T. LuriNiFoLiA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 255.) plant shrubby, pubescent ; stipulas lanceolate, spreading ; leaflets 5, oblong, cuneated, obtuse, clothed beneath with adpressed silky down. I; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Galega lupinifolia, Burch. cat. afr. au-tr. no. 2488. Lujiine-leaved Tephrosia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. VOL. II. 72 T. digita'ta (D. C. prod. 2. p. 255.) plant suffrutieose with hispid slender branches ; stipulas lanceolate, spreading ; leaflets 5, oblong-linear, acuminated at both ends, spariniily pu- bescent beneath : racemes axillary, and are as well as the pe- tioles very long. Ij . S. Native of Senegal. Petioles 5 inches long. Flowers distant, usually twin. Calyx permanent, with acuminated segments. Corolla and stamens unknown. Legume linear, compressed, pubescent, 5-6-seeded. Digitate-leavcA Tephrosia. Shrub 1 foot. * * * Glycinoldea; (from glycine and idea, similar ; the plants contained in this division agree with Glycine in having trifoliate leaves). Leaves either jnnnately or palmalely trifoliate. 73 T. ToTTA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 328.) plant herbaceous, clothed with hairs like tomentum, ascending ; leaflets oblong, mucro- nate, longer than the petiole ; stipulas ovate, opposite the leaves ; flowers terminal, tern, somewhat umbellate. G. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Galega Totta, Thunb. fl. cap. 601. Hottentot Tephrosia. PI. ascending. 74 T. sERicEA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 328.) stem suffrutieose, very short ; branches tomentose, as well as the leaflets, which are ovate ; flowers a.xillary, solitary ; legumes lanceolate, villous. 1; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Galega sericea, Thunb. fl. cap. 603. but not of Lam. Silky Tephrosia. Shrub ^ foot. 75 T. FALCA'TA(Pers. ench. 2. p. 328.) plant herbaceous, erect, hairy ; branches filiform ; leaflets sessile, oblong, acute ; flowers terminal, solitary ; legumes falcate, erect, silky. ©.? G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Galega falcata, Thunb. fl. cap. 602. Falcate-podded Tephrosia. PI. 1 foot. 76 T. pusiLLA (Pers. 1. c.) plant herbaceous, erect, pubescent ; leaflets sessile, ovate, mucronate, silky beneath, longer than the petiole ; flowers lateral, pedunculate, solitary ; legume elliptic. O. ? G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Galega pusilla, Thunb. fl. cap. 602. Small Tephrosia. PI. 5 foot? 77 T. trifolta'ta (D. C. prod. 2. p. 256.) plant frutescent, ereetish, pubescent ; leaflets sessile, ovate, silky, convolute ; ca- lyx, corolla, and legume tomentose ; flowers terminal, on very short peduncles, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. So- phora trifoli^ta, Thunb. prod. p. 79. Galega trifoliata, Thunb. fl. cap. 600. Stamens diadelphous. Trifoliate Tephrosia. Shrub. 78 T. terna TA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 256.) shrubby, erect ; branches villous ; leaflets sessile, lanceolate, silky ; flowers axil- lary, sessile ; calyxes and corollas tomentose. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sophora ternata, Thunb. prod. 79. Galega ternata, Thunb. fl. cap. 601. Stamens monadelphous. Ternate-]ea\ed Tephrosia. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 79 T. FiLiFOLiA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 328.) plant herbaceous, ereetish, glabrous below ; leaflets filiform, glabrous ; flowers 2-3 in an umbel, terminal ; caly.x hairy. If.. ? G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Galega filif olia, Thunb. fl. cap. 602. Thread-leaved Tephrosia. PI. 1 foot. 80 T. ULiGiNosA (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 232.) shrubby, climbing ; leaflets oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; flowers racemose ; pedun- cles 3-flowered. T? • v^- ^- Native of the East Indies. Robi- nea uliginosa, Roxb. and Willd. Bog Tephrosia. Shrub cl. 81 T. VELUTiNA (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 232.) shrubby, twining; leaflets oblong, obtuse, villous on both surfaces ; racemes few- flowered ; legumes lanceolate, pubescent. Ij . ^. S. Native of St. Domingo. ydvety Tephrosia. Shrub tw. 82 T. LONGiFoLiA (Pcrs. cncli. 2. p. 328.) plant shrubby, twining ; leaflets lanceolate, obtuse ; racemes few-flowered ; H h 234 LEGUMINOSiE. CIV. Tephrosia. CV. Amorpiia. CVI. Eyseniiardtia. CVII. Nissolia. legumes villous, fj . ^. S. Native of South America. Galega longifolia, Jacq. icon. rar. S. t. 572. Flowers purple. Legume linear. Racemes few-flowered. Long- leaved Tephrosia. Clt.? Shrub tw. * * * * Mhnosoldcis (from Mimosa and idea, like ; the plants resemble some species of Mimusa in having abruptly-pinnate leaves). Leaves abniptlij jminate. 83 ? T. MiMosoiDEs (Pers. ench. 2. p. 330.) plant sufTruticose, scandent; leaves with 12 pairs of linear, obtuse, mucronate leaflets, beset with adpressed pili on both surfaces ; racemes ax- illary, pedunculate ; legumes pendulous, compressed. Pj . ^. S. Native of the East Indies. Galega mimosoides, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1249. Flowers probably red. Mimosa-like Tephrosia. .Shrub cl. ***** SimpUcifoUcc (from simplex, simple, SlwA folium, a leaf; the leaves are simple). Leaves simple. 84 T. trute'scens (D. C. prod. 2. p. 9,5G.') stem shrubby ; leaves ovate-roundish ; flowers lateral, panicled. fj . S. Native of Campeachy. Galega frutescens, Mill. diet. no. 3. Flowers scarlet. Frutescent Tephrosia. Shrub. Cull. All the species of this genus grow best in a mixture of loam and peat, and are easily propagated by seeds, or by young cuttings planted in sand, with a bell-glass placed over them ; those of the stove species in heat. CV. AMO'RPHA (from «, priv. and juopi^ij, morphe, form ; in reference to the deformity of the corolla, from the want of the vexillura and keel). Lin. gen. 369. Lam. ill. t. C21. D. C. prod. 2. p. 256. — Bonafidia, Neck. elem. no. 1364. LiN. SYST. Monadeljiliia, Dcc6ndria. Calyx 5-toothed, ob- conically campanul.ite. Vexillum ovate, concave. Wings and keel wanting. Style filiform, straight, glabrous. Stamens ex- serted, monadelphous at the very base. Legume compressed, ovate, or lunulate, 1 -celled, 1-2-seeded. — North American shrubs, with impari-pinnate leaves, many pairs of leaflets, which are full of pellucid dots, and usually furnished with stipels at the base. Stipulas of the stem deciduous. Racemes spicate, elon- gated, usually in fascicles at the tops of the branches. Flowers blue or violet, or bluish-violet. 1 A. FRUTicosA (Lin. spec. 1003.) shrub glabrous, or a little villous ; leaflets elliptic-oblong, lower ones distant from the stem ; calyx rather villous, with 4 of the teeth obtuse, and 1 acumin- ated ; vexillum glandlcss ; legume few-seeded, fj . H. Native of North America, in Carolina and Florida, on the banks of rivers. Schkuhr, handb. t. 197. Mill. icon. t. 27. Ker. hot. reg. 427. There are varieties of this plant with mucronate, emarginate or narrower leaflets. This species was once used in Carolina as an indigo plant, but is now neglected. /S/iraiiy Bastard Indigo. FL Ju. .Jul. Clt. 1724. Sh. 6 ft. 2 A. ola'bra (Desf. cat. hort. par. 192.) shrub glabrous; leaflets elliptic-oblong, lower ones distant from the stem ; calyx glabrous, with 4 of the teeth obtuse, and 1 acuminated ; vexil- lum glandular on the outside; legume few-seeded. [j . H. Native of North America. 67«i;w« Bastard Indigo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. Sh. 3 to 6 feet. 3 A. na'na (Nutt. in Fras. cat. 1813. nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 91.) a smoothish dwarf shrub ; leaflets elliptic, mucronate; , calyx glabrous, with all the teeth setaceously acuminated ; legume 1-seeded. Jj . H. Native on grassy hills, near the river Mis- souri. A. microjjhylla, Pursh, fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 466. Dwnr/ Bastard Indigo. Fl. Jid. Aug. Clt. 1811. Sh. -^ to 1 ft. 4 A. herba'cea (Walt. car. 179. Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 91.) plant dwarf, herbaceous, pubescent ; leaflets elliptic, mucronate, 1 lower ones approximating the stem ; calyx pubescent, with all the teeth acute and short ; legume 1-seeded. 1^. F. Native of Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, in dry sandy pine woods. A. pumila, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 64. A. pubescens, Willd. spec. 3. p. 970. Lodd. bot. cab. 689. Spike a foot long. //erftaceoM* Bastard Indigo. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1803. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 5 A. fra'grans (Sweet, fl. gard. 241.) shrubby, pubescent ; leaves with 6-8 pairs of elliptic-oblong, mucronate leaflets, ob- tuse at both ends, young ones pubescent ; calyx pubescent, pe- dicellate, superior teeth obtuse, lower one acute ; style hairy. 1; . F. Native of North America. A. nana, Sims, bot. mag. 2112. but not of others. Flowers dark purple. Frrtg-rfl«< Bastard Indigo. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. Sh. 7 to 8 feet. 0 A. croceo-lana'ta (Wats. dend. brit. t. 139.) plant clothed with tawny pubescence ; racemes branched ; leaves with 0-8 pairs of oblong-elliptic, mucronulate, downy leaflets ; the 3 upper teeth of calyx ovate, acute, the 2 lower ones very short and rounded. Ij . H. Native of North America. Flowers bluish-purple. Copiper-woolled Bastard Indigo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 3 to 5 feet. 7 A. cane'scens (Nutt. in Fras. cat. 1813. gen. amer. 2. p. 92.) plant suffruticose, humble, every part clothed with hoary villi ; leaflets ovate-elliptic, mucronate, lower ones approx- imating the stem ; calyx tomentose, with the teeth ovate, acute, and equal ; ovary containing 2-ovula ; legume 1-seeded. Tj . H. Native on the banks of the Missouri and Mississippi. CaHWCcwi Bastard Indigo. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1812. Sh. 3 ft. Cult. Amurpha is a genus of elegant flowering shrubs, and are well adapted for small shrubberies, or the front of large ones. They thrive well in common garden soil. They may be in- creased by layers, or cuttings taken off' at a joint, and planted in a sheltered situation early in autumn will strike root. Some of the species are rather tender, and require protection in severe weather. CVI. EYSENHA'RDTIA (in honour of Charles William Ey- senhardt, M.D. a professor in the University of Konigsberg, in Prussia). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 0. p. 489. t. 592. D.C. prod. 2. p. 257. Lin. SYST. Diadeljihia, Decdndria. Calyx obconically-cam- panulate, 5-toothed, upper teeth rather remote, lower one longest. Petals 5, disposed in a papilionaceous manner. Vexillum ob- long, and the two keel petals distinct. Stamens diadelphous. Ovary biovulate. Style filiform, hooked at the apex. Legume unknown. — An unarmed tree, with impari-pinnate leaves, com- posed of many pairs of stipellate leaflets, and are, as well as the calyxes beset with glands. Racemes terminal, cylindrical. Flowers white. This genus comes very near Amorplia. 1 E. AMORPHoiDEs (H. B. ct Kuutli, 1. c). T^ • Gr. Native of Mexico, near St. Augustin de las Guevas and Guanaxuato. Dalbergia amorpholdes, Spreng. syst. app. 268. Amorpha-like Eysenhardtia. Tree 12 to 20 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam and peat will suit this shrub, and young cuttings \\'\\\ strike root in sand, under a bell-glass, in heat. CVII. NISSO^LIA (in honour of William Nissole, an in- dustrious French botanist. He was a member of the Academy of Montpelier, and author of some papers in its Transactions : he was born in 1647 and died in 1735.). Jacq. amer. 198. Lin. gen.no. 853. Lam. ill. t. 600. D. C. prod. 2. p. 257. but not of Tourn. Lin. SYST. Monadelphia, Decdndria. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed. Corolla papilionaceous. Stamens 10, monadelphous, with a dorsal fissure or diadelphous. Legume stipitate, 1 or LEGUMINOSiE. CVII. Nissolia. 235 few-seeded, 1 -celled, or transversely few-celled, ending in a leafy, nicnil)ranous wins;, which is cither ligulate or cidtriform. — Usually climbing shrubs, with inipari- pinnate leaves. Perhaps this genus is more nearly allied to Hedysarea or Dalbergiece. Sect. I. Nissolia^ria (an alteration from the generic name). D. C. prod. 2. p. 257. Nissolia, Gartn. fruct. 2. p. 309. t. 145. I'ers. cnch. 2. p. 276. Calyx 5-toothed, naked on the outside, the teetii acute. Petals of keel connected. Stamens monadel- phous, with a dorsal fissure. Legume, according to Gartner, terete below the wing, separating transversely into 2 or 3 1- seedcd cells, but according to Jacquin the legume is 1 -celled and 1 -seeded. Pedicels 1-Howered, in fascicles. 1 N. TRUTicosA (Jacq. amer. 198. t. 145. f. 44. hort. vind. IC7.) stems twining, and are smoothish as well as the petioles; leaflets oval, mucronate, smoothish ; pedicels 3-4, aggregate, axillary ; teeth of calyx setaceous. T; . '^. S. Native of Car- thagena in woods, and in the plains of Mexico, near Queretaro. ex H. 15. et Kuntli, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 504. Flowers yellow. 67irK66i/ Nissolia. Fl.'^July, Nov. Clt. 17GC. Sh. cl. 2 N. iiiRsii'TA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 257.) stems twining, and are as well as the petioles hairy ; leaflets oval, mucronate, rather hairy beneath and on the margins; pedicels 15-20, aggregate, axillary ; teeth of calyx setaceous, very short. Tj . ^. S. Na- tive of jMexico, nearGuanaxuato. Hairy Nissolia. Shrub tw. 3 N. RACEMOSA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 257.) stems twining, and are as well as the leaves smoothish ; leaflets oval-oblong, acute, tapering to the base ; pedicels numerous, in fascicles ; fascicles disposed in elongated ractmes ; teeth of calyx almost wanting ; Ij . '^. S. Native of St. Martha. Racemes numerous, axillary, and terminal. Nissolia polysperraa, Bert. ined. Flowers white. TJaccnioic-flowered Nissolia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1800. Sh. tw. Sect. II. Gome'zium (in honour of Juan Gomez, a Portuguese botanist). Calyx naked on the outside, with 5 rounded lobes. Petals of keel connected at the apex only. Stamens diadelphous. Legume indehiscent, 1 -seeded. Perhaps a proper genus. 4 N. ARBOREA (Jacq. amer. 199. t. 174. f. 48.) stem arbo- reous, erect, leaflets 1-2 pairs with the odd one oblong and acu- minated, rather pubescent beneath ; flowers sessile. ^ . S. Na- tive of Carthagena and Martinico in woods. Segments of the calyx roundish. Flowers white ? Arboreous Nissolia. Shrub 12 feet. 5 N. glabra'ta (Link. enum. 2. p. 221.) stem erect ; leaflets 1-2 pairs, with an odd one, oval, acuminated, quite smooth ; flowers pedicellate, racemose. 1j . S. Native country unknown. Flowers white. Nearly allied to N. arborca. Smoothish Nissolia. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 to 12 feet. Sect. III. MachjE^rium (an alteration from the Guiana name o( N.ferruginea.) Pers. ench. 2. p. 27G. D. C. prod. 2. p. 258. Calyx with 5 rounded lobes, girded by 2 concave, roundish bracteoles at the base. Petals of keel connected a little at the apex. Stamens nionadelphous with a fissure on the upper side, or diadelphous. Legume indehiscent, 1 -seeded. Per- haps a proper genus. 6 N. diade'lpha (D. C. prod. 2. p. 258.) leaflets 5-7, some- what alternate, oval-oblong, mucronate, clothed beneath with rusty velvety down ; flowers panicled, diadelphous ; legiune somewhat incurved, rather velvety. ^ • '^. S. Native of Cayenne. Legume 3-4 inches long and 5 lines broad, standing on a stipe 3 or 4 lines long. Dimlclphotis Nissolia. Shrub tw. 7 N. FERRUoisEA (WiUd. spcc. 3. p. 900.) leaflets 7-11, alter- nate, oblong, mucronate, clothed with rusty velvety down be- neath ; flowers panicled ; monadelphous ; legume straightish, rather velvety. l^ . '^. S. Native of Guiana, on the banks of rivers. N. quinata, Aul>l. giiian. 2. p. 743. t. 297. Lam. ill. t. 600. f 4. Flowers violaceous. Rusty Nissolia. Shrub tw. 8 N. acumina'ta (D. C. prod. 2. p. 258.) leaflets 5, alternate, oblong, ending each in a very long acumen, membranous, gla- brous ; legume rather cultriform, falcate below. ^ . '~^. S. Na- tive of the province of Caraccas, near Hacienda del Tuy, between San Pedro and La Vittoria. Machae'rium acuminatum, H. B. et Kuntli, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 391. Aiuininalcd Nissolia. Shrub tw. 9 N. i,Eioi'nv'n,A (D. C. prod. 2. p. 258.) leaflets 7, nearly opposite, oval-lanceolate, aciuninated, glabrous on both surfaces ; petioles, panicles, and calyxes clothed with rusty velvety down ; flowers monadelphous ; legumes quite smooth, straightish. f; . S. Native of Guiana. A very distinct species. Smooth-leaved Nissolia. Shrub. 10 N. robini/efolia (D. C. prod. 2. p. 258.) leaflets 19-21, oblong, obtuse, glabrous ; flowers panicled ; legume pubescent, incurved at the base. Tj , S. Native of the Island of St. Vin- cent. Flowers unknovi-n. Rohinia-Ieaved'H'moWa.. Clt. 1824. Shrub. 11 N. polyphy'lla (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 98.) leaflets 23-25, elliptic-oval, obtuse, tomentose beneath, lower ones smallest ; flowers panicled ; legumes pubescent at the base and at the sutures, rather cut at the base of the wing. ^ . S. Native of French Guiana. Bracteas velvety. Calyx glabrous. Seeds elongated. Flowers probably white. Many-leaved Nissolia. Shrub. 12 N. MicROPTERA (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 98.) leaflets usually 5, ovate, obtuse, clothed beneath with cinereous pubescence, almost sessile ; legume glabrous, bicarinated on the back, ending in a short wing. Ij . G. Cultivated in the gardens of TenerifTe. Flowers white ? Small-ninged--poMed Nissolia. Clt. 1820. Sh. ■f Species not sufficiently known. 13 N. STIPITA^TA (D. C. in ann. sc. nat. 4. p. 99.) leaves un- known ; legumes oblong, incurved, obtuse, quite smooth, stand- ing on a stipe, w hich is as large and as broad as the pod. Jj . .S. Native of Brazil at Rio Janeiro, where it is called Arassciro, not in Madagascar. Nissolia punctata, Lam. ill. t. 600. f. 1. Poir. diet. 4. p. 492. Machse'rium punctatum, Pers. ench. 2. p. 276. Flowers probably white. Stipitate-irmtedi Nissolia. Shrub sarmentose. 14 N. RETICULATA (Lam. ill. t. 600. f. 2. diet. 4. p. 492.) leaflets obtuse ; legumes on short stipes, rather cut at the base of the wing. T^ . '^. S. Native of Madagascar. Machsc'rium reticulatum, Pers. ench. 2. p. 276. Flowers unknown. Reticulated Nissolia. Shrub tw. 15 N. aculea'ta (D. C. prod. 2. p. 258.) petioles furnished with 2 rather hooked prickles at the base of each ; leaflets 31- 3S, alternate; flowers racemose; legumes hairy. •: • '^. S. Native of Brazil, on hills by the sea-side, at Rio Janeiro. Ma- chffiVium aculeatum, Raddi, pi. bras. add. p. 19. P/ic% Nissolia. Clt. 1824. Shrub tw. 16 N. dl'bia (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 99.) leaflets 5, almost gla- brous, lanceolate, acute at both ends ; flowers nicemose ; pedi- cels in fascicles, pubescent ; legimie hardly stipitate. h^ . S. Native of Cayenne. Doubtful Nissolia. Shrub. 17 N. RETu'sA (Willd. enum. 742.) leaflets glabrous on both surfaces, ovate-oblong, emarginate, lower ones roundish. (j . '^. S. Native of South America. ifeiuse-leafletted Nissolia. Clt. 1819. Shrub tw. H H 2 236 LEGUMINOSiE. CVIII. Mullera. CIX. Lonchocarpus. 18 N. scA'NDENs(K6nig. exSpreng. syst. 3. p. 191.) shrubby, scandent ; leaves with 2 pairs of ovate-oblong, acute, rather coriaceous, smooth leaflets ; flowers panicled. Tj . ^. S. Native of the East Indies. Climbing Nissolia. Shrub cl. Ctdt. For cuhure and propagation see Eysenhardtia, p. 234. CVIII. MULLE'RA (in honour of Otto Frederick Muller, a Danish botanist, and one of the editors of Flora Danica). Lin. fil. suppl. 53. D. C. prod. 2. p. 259. Lin. sysT. Monadelphia, Dccdndria. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed, apparently cut round about at the base after the teeth have fallen. Petals 5, papilionaceous, caducous. Stamens 8-10, nionadelphous, having the tube compressed, falling ofl^ along with the calyx. Ovary sessile. Style filiform. Legume mo- niliform, having 1-5 1-ceIled 1 -seeded, indehiscent, distinct joints. Seeds compressed, reniform. Flowers almost like those of a species of Rohinia, but the stamens are monadelphous, the fruit almost like that of Svphura, and the habit of Pterocdrjius. 1 M. MONILIFORMIS (Lin. fil. 1. c.) leaves impari-pinnate ; joints of legume smooth. Tj . S. Native of Surinam and of French Guiana. Goublandia frutescens, Aubl. guian. 4. p. 937. t. ii56. Leaves with 2 pairs of ovate, acute, glabrous, petiolu- late leaflets. Racemes axillary, simple. Bracteas subulate, small, caducous. Flowers pale-yellow. Necklace-formed-^odded Mullera. Clt. 1782. Sh. 6 to 7 ft. Cult. See Eysenhardtia, p. 234. for culture and propagation. CIX. LONCHOCA'RPUS (from Xoi'xn, lonche, a lance, and Kapwos, karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the lance shape of the pods). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. C. p. 383. D. C. prod. 2. p. 259. Lin. syst. Mona-Diadilphia, Decdndria. Calyx campa- nulately-urceolate, obsoletely 5-toothed. Corolla papilionaceous. Vexillum somewhat orbicular, spreadingly-reflexed. Wings, vexillum, and keel about equal in length. Stamens diadelphous and monadelphous. Legume on a short stipe, oblong-lanceolate, straight, flat, membranous, 2-4-8-seeded. Seeds compressed, reniform. Radicle uncinately inflexed. — Unarmed trees, from the West Indies and South America, with impari-pinnate leaves, opposite, exstipellate, stalked leaflets, and purplish flowers. This genus is not sufficiently defined. Perhaps the diadelphous species should be separated from the monadelphous ones, but the habit of both are very similar. 1 L. i'uncta'tus (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 383.) leaves with 5-7 oblong, obtuse, glabrous leaflets, full of pellucid dots, shining above, having the middle nerve rather prominent below ; calyx glabrous ; lower peduncles of raceme 2-flowered. >j . S. Native of South America, near Cumana. Dalbergia punctata, Spreng. syst. app. 3. p. 268. Legumes unknown. Dotled-leaved Lonchocarpus. Tree 20 feet. 2 L. macrophy'llus (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves with 9 elliptic-oblong, acuminated, dotless, glabrous leaflets, shining above, having the middle nerve and primary veins rather pro- minent ; calyx clothed with brownish tomentum. Tj . S. Na- tive of South America, near Angostura de Carara, on the banks of the river Magdalena. Dalbergia macrophy'lla, Spreng. syst. app. 2C8. This species is nearly allied to L. Domingensis. Zong--/caifrf Lonchocarpus. Clt. 1818. Tree 40 feet. 3 L. Dominge'nsis (D. C. prod. 2. p. 259.) leaves with 11 oval, acuminated, glabrous, petiolate leaflets ; racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves ; calyx somewhat truncate, bibracteate at the base, and are as well as the legumes pubescent. Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Dalbergia Domingensis, Pers. ench. 2. p. 276. L. Turpinii, Kunth, 1. c. Stamens monadelphous. Legume 1-2-seeded. Flowers red. 67. Domingo Lonchocarpus. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet. 4 L. viola'ceus (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. in a note) leaves with from 7-11 ovate, obtuse, rather emarginate, glabrous leaflets, full of pellucid dots, membranous, with the middle nerve rather prominent ; calyxes glabrous ; peduncles of racemes 2-flowered. fj . S. Native of Carthagena and Guadaloupe, in bushy places. Robinia violacea, Jacq. amer. 210. t. 177. f. 49. pict. 103. t. 262. f. 61. Flowers diadelphous, violaceous, large, having the scent of violets. Stamens somewhat monadelphous, the tenth one only free at the base. Violaceous-Roviered Lonchocarpus. Clt. 1799. Tr. 12 ft. 5 L. PENTAPHYLLUs (H. B. ct Kunth, 1. c. in a note) leaves with 5-7 nerved, bluntly acuminated, quite glabrous leaflets ; racemes shorter than the leaves ; legumes lanceolate, glabrous, 1-3-seeded. fj . S. Native of Porto-Rico. Dalbergia penta- phylla, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 445. Flowers unknown. Five-leafletled Lonchocarpus. Tree 20 feet. G L. heptaphy'llus (D. C. prod. 2. p. 259.) leaves with 7 lanceolate, obtusely mucronate, glabrous leaflets, pale beneath, and with the nerve and lateral veins rather prominent ; racemes a little longer than the leaves ; calyx 5-toothed ; legumes ob- long, narrow at the base, slender, glabrous, 2-3-seeded. ^ . S. Native of St. Domingo. Dalbergia heptaphy'lla, Poir. 1. c. suppl. 2. p. 446. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from L. pcnta- phyllus and L. violaceiis. Flowers purple. Seven-leafletted Lonchocarpus. Tree 20 feet. 7 L. Leone'nsis; an erect, branched tree ; leaflets oblong, mucronate, undulated, entire ; racemes axillary and terminal ; flowers on short pedicels. Ij . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Corolla violaceous. Sierra Leone Lonchocarpus. Tree 20 feet. 8 L. ALBiFLORUs ; leaflets 7, ovate, acuminated, glabrous, entire ; flowers on long peduncles or racemose, axillary ; legume flat, pubescent. 1;. .S. Native of the Island of St. Thomas, in the Gulf of Guinea. Flowers white. White-Jiowered Lonchocarpus. Fl. Oct. Tree 50 feet. 9 L. Formosia'nus (D. C. prod. 2. p. 260.) leaflets 7, coria- ceous, glabrous, oval, obtusely acuminated, having the nerve and lateral veins rather prominent ; racemes panicled ; pedicels usually 2-flovvered ; calyx truncate, and is as well as the petals and legumes clothed with silky pubescence. T? . S. Native of Africa, on the banks of the river Formosa. Robinia violacea, Beauv. fl. d'ow. 2. p. 28. t. 76. Dalbergia Guineensis, Spreng. syst. app. 3. p. 266. Stamens monadelphous. Flowers violet. Formosa Lonchocarpus. Tree 20 feet. 10 L. sERicEus (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaflets 7-11, oval, acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous above, but clothed with rufous, silky pubescence beneath, as well as the calyxes, pedicels, and branches ; racemes erect, length of leaves ; pedicels very short, usually twin or 2-flowered; petals clothed with silky-silvery pubescence on the outside. Ij . S. Native of the Islands of Montserrat, St. Christopher, and Trinidad. Robinea sericea, Poir. diet. 6. p. 226. R. mollis, Vahl. in herb. Puer. Calyx trimcate. Legume unknown. Stamens monadelphous. Silky Lonchocarpus. Clt. 1826. Tree 20 feet. 11 L. pyxida'rius (D. C. prod. 2. p. 260.) leaflets 7, ovate, acuminated, glabrous above, but clothed with adprcssed villous- pubescence beneath ; petioles, peduncles, and calyxes clothed with short velvety down ; racemes erect, shorter than the leaves; vexillum clothed with adpressed silky down on the outside. Ij . .S. Native of Cuba, where it is called Palo de Caja or box- wood. Stamens monadelphous. This species comes very near to L. scriceus. Box Lonchocarpus. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet. 12 L. LATiFOLius (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaflets 7, ovate, short-acuminated, glabrous, pale beneath, having the nerve, and lateral veins rather prominent ; racemes axillary, much longer LEGUMINOS^. CIX. Lonciiocarpus. CX. Robinia. 2;J7 than the leaves, and are, as well as the pedicels and calyxes, pu- bescent ; corolla clabrous. (^ . S. Native of Porto-Rico. Anierininum latifoliuni, Willd. spec. 4. p. Gil. exclusive of the synonyme, and therefore the same as Pterocarpus hitifolius of Poir. diet. 4. p. 611. Calyx 5-tootlied. l-'lowers of a purplish- violet colour. Stamens monadelphous. Ovary pubescent, linear, tapering to both ends. Broad-leaved Lonciiocarpus. Clt. 1808. Tree 12 to 20 ft. 13 L. puBu'scENs (D. C. prod. 2. p. 2G0.) leaflets 11-13, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous, pubescent beneath ; racemes axillary, filiform, lengtli of leaves. 1^ • ''^ Native of Caraccas. Amerimnum pubescens, Willd. spec. 8. p. 909. Pterocarpus pubescens, Poir. diet. 5. p. 740. The legume is said to be 2-valved and many-seeded, and the stamens monadel- phous. Flowers small, violet. Pubescent Lonciiocarpus. Clt. 1 824. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 14 L. RosEus (D. C. prod. 2. p. 260.) leaflets 13-15, lanceo- late, acuminated, glabrous, shining above, but rather pale be- neath ; racemes erect; pedicels 1-flowered; calyx truncate; young legumes clothed with rufous-velvety down. Tj . S. Native of South America. Pseudo-acacia latifcMia, Plum. spec. 19. Robinia rosea, Mill. diet. no. 4. but not of Ell. Robinia lati- folia, Poir. diet. 6. p. 224. but not of Mill. Flowers large, showy, rose-coloured, ex Plum. Legume oblong, acute, 1-4- seeded, tapering to the base. iJose-coloured-flowered Lonchocarpus. Clt, 1700. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 15 L. ? pteroc.i'rpus (D. C. prod. 2. p. 260.) leaflets 5, oval- oblong, acuminated, quite smooth, shining above, but glaucescent beneath ; racemes axillary, length of leaves ; legume oblong, acuminated at both ends, winged on the upper suture. (j . S. Native of French Guiana. Flowers unknown. Legume 2 or 3 inches long, and 1-2-seeded from abortion. Wing-fruited Lonchocarpus. Tree 20 to 30 feet. IG L. se'pium (D. C. prod. 2. p. 260.) leaflets 11-15, ovate, bluntly acuminated, membranous, rather puberulous above, but glabrous and pale beneath ; racemes shorter than the leaves ; pedicels 1-flowered: calyx truncate ; legumes glabrous, oblong- obtuse, compressed, callous at the sutures. Tj . S. Native of St. Martha, and at Carthagena, where it is used for hedges to gardens. Robinia sepium, Jacq. amer. 211. t. 129. f. 101. Flowers rose-coloured. Stamens diadelphous. Legume about 4 inches long, 4-seeded. //er/ge Lonchocarpus. Clt. 1821. Tree 30 feet. 17 L. m.\cula"tus (D. C. prod. 2. p. 260.) leaflets 17, oblong, obtuse, beset with adpressed pili above, but glaucescent and spotted with black beneath ; calyx campanulately urceolate, nearly entire, puberulous ; legume linear, compressed, with thickened margins. 1; . S. Native about Campeachy. Robinia macu- lata, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 394. This plant, along with the preceding species, may form a distinct genus, which may be called Gbjciridia. Spotled-\(;a.\ed Lonchocarpus. Tree 30 feet. 18 L. Swa'rtzii (D. C. prod. 2. p. 261.) leaflets 5-7, oval, bluntly acuminated, glabrous, pale beneath ; racemes shorter than the leaves ; pedicels 2-flowered ; calyx truncate ; legumes glabrous, elliptic-oblong, compressed, few-seeded, rather callous at the sutures. I7 . S. Native of St. Domingo. Robinia se- pium, Swartz, prod. 106. Flowers rose-coloured. This species ditt'ers from L. sepium in the flowers being smaller and monadel- phous, not diadelphous. S'n'urlz's Lonchocarpus. Tree 20 feet. 19 L. Nico'u (D. C. prod. 2. p. 261.) leaflets 7, ovate, acu- minated, glabrous ; branches sarmentose, rather climbing ; ra- cemes spike-formed; pedicels 1-flowered; calyx 5-toothed ; legume elongated, glabrous, 4-seeded, rather callous at the sutures. Tj . ^. S. Native of French Guiana, in bushy places. Robinia Nicou, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 771. t. 308. R. scandeiis, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1134. Flowers purple, diadelphous. There is a plant native of Cayenne which diflers from the plant of Aiiblet in the leaflets being silky-pubescent beneath, and in the spikes being longer than the leaves. The twigs are cut and thrown into ponds and rivers for the purpose of intoxicating fish, in order to take them, as those of Tephrosia loxicaria, see p. 229. Nicou is the Caribbee name of the tree. Nicou Lonchocarpus. Shrub cl. 20 L. oxyca'rpus (D. C. prod. 2. p. 261.) leaflets 7, oval, abruptly, acutely, and mucronately acuminated, glabrous, palisii beneath; racemes shorter than the leaves; pedicels 2-3-flow- ered; calyx usually 5-toothed ; legume oblong, acuminated at both ends, compressed, few-seeded, not tumid at the sutures. Ij . S. Native of Guadaloupe. Flowers purple, monadelphous. Sharp-fruited Lonchocarpus. Tree 12 to 20 feet. 21 L. '? Ameri'mnum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 261.) leaflets 7, ovate, acuminated on long petioles, glabrous ; racemes simple, loose, shorter than the leaves ; calyx 5-toothed. Ij . S. Native about Carthagena, in woods. Amerimnum pinnatum, Jacq. amer. 200. t. 177. f. 50. Flowers yellow, monadelphous. j4merininum-\\ke Lonchocarpus. Tree 14 feet. Cult. For cidture and propagation see Eysenhurdlia, p. 234. CX. RORFNIA (in honour of Jean Robin, a French bota- nist, once herbalist to Henry IV. of France, author of Histoire des Plantes, 12mo. Paris, 1620. printed also with the second edition of Lonicier's History of Plants. His son Vespasian was subdemonstrator at the Jardin du Roi, and was the first person who cultivated the Vseudacacia in Europe). D. C. mem. leg. vi. prod. 2. p. 261. — Pseudac^cia, Tourn. inst. t. 417. Muench. meth. 145. — Robinia species of Lin. and others. Lin. svst. Diadelphia, Decandria. Teeth of calyx 5, lanceo- late, 2 upper ones shorter and approximate. Corolla ))apiliona- ceous. Vexillum large. Keel obtuse. Stamens diadelphous, deciduous. Ovary 16-20-ovulate. Style bearded in front. Legume compressed, almost sessile, many-seeded, w itli the valves thin and flat, margined at the seminiferous suture. — North American trees, usually furnished with stipular spines. Leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets petiolulate, and furnished with stipels at the base. Flowers white or rose-coloured, disposed in axillary, usually nodding racemes. 1 R. psEUDAC.VciA (Lin. spec. 104-3.) spines stipular ; branches twiggy ; racemes loose, pendulous, and are, as well as the legumes smooth ; leaflets ovate. Tj . H. Native of North America, from Canada to Carolina. Lam. ill. t. 666. f. 1. Duham. arbr. ed. nov. 2. t. 16. iEschynomene pseudacacia, Roxb. Pseudacacia odorata, Moeneh. I. c. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Roots creeping, the fibres sometimes bearing tubercles. The Common, False, or Bastard Acacia, called Lo- cust-tree in America, grows very fast whilst young, so that ma few years from seed the plants rise to 8 or 10 feet high, and it is not uncommon to see shoots of this tree 6 or 8 feet long m one summer. The branches are armed with stipular hooked prickles. The leaves have 8 or 10 pairs of bright green leaflets. The flowers come out from the sides of the branches in jiretty long bunches, hanging down like those of Laburnum, white, and smelling very sweet; they appear in June, and when the trees are full of flowers they make a very fine appearance, and per- fume the air round them, but they seldom continue more than one week. Tiio wood is valued in North America for its dura- bility. Most of the houses which were built at Boston in New England on the first settling of the English, were constructed of this timber. The tree being very liable to be broken by high winds, and the leaves not appearing till late in the summer, and 238 LEGUMINOStE. ex. RoBiNiA. falling off early in the autumn, makes it less valuable for orna- mental plantations. The wood when green is of a soft texture, l)ut becomes very hard when dry, of a close grain, and finely veined, and is more valued in America by cabinet-makers than any other native timber whatever. It is as durable as the best white oak, and is esteemed preferable for axletrees of carriages, trenails for ships, and many other mechanical purposes. It has been employed with success in Virginia for ship-building, and found to be far superior to American oak, elm, ash, Sec. for that purpose. Posts for rail-fencing made of this tree stand wet and dry in the ground better than any other in common use, almost as well as posts of the swamp-cedar. It makes excellent fuel, and its shade is less injurious to grass than that of most other trees. The leaves afford wholesome food for cattle. A gentle- man in New England sowed several acres of it for that purpose. Being very apt to throw out suckers from the running roots, and as it stolls freely, it seems peculiarly calcidated for coppice woods. A locust-tree in New England 40 years old was in 1782 60 feet high and 4 feet 10 inches in girth at 3 feet from the ground. A cubic foot o{ Acacia in a dry state weighs from 48 to 53 pounds avoirdupoise. If we compare its toughness in an unseasoned condition with that of oak, it will not be more than 8-100 less. Its stiffness is equal to 99-100 of oak, and its strength nearly 9G-100, but were it properly seasoned, it might possibly be found mucli superior to oak in strength, toughness, and stiffness. A piece of unseasoned acacia 2 feet 6 inches long, and an inch square in the vertical section, broke when loaded with a weight of 247 pounds avoirdupoise. Its medium cohesive force is about 1 1 ,500 pounds. (Diet, of Archi.) Kn)-. /3, inermis (D. C. prod. 2. p. 261.) spines wanting or nearly obsolete ; leaflets flat. D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 136. R. spectabilis, Diuii. Cours. bot. cult. 6. p. 140. Var. y, crisjta (D. C. 1. c.) spines wanting ; leaflets all or for the most part undulately curled. Far. ^, umbraculifera (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 157.) spines wanting ; branches much crowded, smooth ; leaflets ovate. This plant is common in gardens, but has not yet flowered. Robinia inermis, Dum. Cours. 6. p. 140. Commonly called Parasol Acacia. This variety is said to have been raised from the seed of R. pseudacdcia, but it is more of a shrub than a tree. Var. e, tortubsa (D. C. prod. 2. p. 261.) branches much crowded, and tvv'isted. Tj.H. R. pseudacacia tortuosa, D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 136. Racemes similar to those of R. pseu- dacacia, but are smaller and fewer flowered. Bastard Acacia, False Acacia, or American Locust-tree. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1640. Tree 30 to 60 feet. 2 R. du'bia (Fouc. in Desv. journ. bot. 4. p. 201. but not of Poir.) spines very short ; branches, petioles, peduncles, and ca- lyxes furnished with a few glands, rarely clammy ; leaflets ovate ; racemes loose, pendulous ; bracteas concave, caducous, ending each in a long bristle. I? . H. Said to be a hybrid between R. pseudacacia and R. viscosa. R. hy'brida, Audib. R. ambigua, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 690. and perliaps R. echinata. Mill. diet. no. 2. Flowers sweet-scented, pale rose-coloured. The pods, ac- cording to Miller, are thickly beset with short prickles. Doubtful, Bastard, or False Acacia. Fl. May, Ju. Tree 60 ft. 3 R. VISCOSA (Vent. hort. eels. t. 4.) spines very short ; leaflets ovate ; branches and legumes glandular and clammy ; racemes crowded, erect ; bracteas concave, deciduous, each ending in a long bristle; the 3 lower teeth of calyx acuminated. T; . H. Native of North America, on the mountains of Georgia and Carolina, near rivers. Duh. arbr. ed. nov. 2. t. 17. R. glutiuosa, Curt, bot. mag. 560. Flowers pale red mixed with white, scentless. Roots creeping. Clammy False Acacia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1797. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 4 R. Hi'spiDA (Lin. mant. 101.) spines wanting; leaflets ob- ovate ; branches hispid ; racemes loose, hispid ; the 3 lower teeth of calyx acinninated ; legumes hispid. Ij.H. Native of Virginia and Carolina, on high mountains. Mill. fig. t. 244. Curt. bot. mag. 311. R. rosea, Duh. 1. c. t. 18. R. mont^na, Bartr. voy. 2. p. 128. jEschynomene hispida, Roxb. Flowers large, rose-coloured, shewy, scentless. Perhaps many species are confused under the name of R. hispida. This is one of the most elegant of the species when in flower, it is usually grafted on the common sort, and flowers even when it is about 2 or 3 feet high, which renders it a very valuable plant for ornamental shrubberies, but it requires to be grown in a sheltered situation, otherwise the branches are very liable to be shattered or blown oft' by high winds. In young trees grafted above ground, the fracture commonly takes place at the graft, so that a good preventive is to graft on a root, a little below the surface. Grafts in this manner are also much more certain of success. Far. fi, nana (D. C. prod. 2. p. 262.) plant hardly a foot high. Native of Carolina, in pine woods. /^«^«t? Bastard or Rose Acacia. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1743. Shrub 3 to G feet. 5 R. ROSEA (Ell. sketch. 2. p. 213.) spines wanting; leaflets obovate, alternate ; branches and racemes smoothish. f^ . H. Native of Georgia, in pine woods. R. hispida var. ft rosea, Pursh. fl. sept. amer. 2. p. 488. Flowers large, rose-coloured, scentless. The 3 lower teeth of calyx acuminated. Upriglit Rose or Bastard Acacia. Fl. May, Sept. Sh. 6 feet. 6 R. macrophy'lla (Schrad. in litt.) spines wanting ; leaflets ovate-roundish ; branches and peduncles glabrous, the 3 lower teeth of calyx acuminated, f; • H. Native of North America. Flowers large, rose-coloured, scentless. R. hispida var. y ma- crophylla, D. C. prod. 2. p. 262. Long-leaved Rose or Bastard Acacia. Fl. May, June. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. ■|" Trees and shrubs referred to Robinia by authors, which ap- pear not to belong to the genus, and ought to be referred to some other genera ; but they are not so sufficiently known as to enable us to refer them to their projjer genera. 7 R. ama'ra (Lour. coch. p. 455.) unarmed ; leaves impari- pinnate, usually with 5 pairs of ovate-oblong leaflets, which are white beneath ; racemes long, erect ; pedicels tern ; legume almost terete, acuminated, glabrous. Tj . G. Native of Cochin- china and China. Flowers violaceous. Root very bitter, of a yellowish brown-colour. Bitter-rooted Robinia. Shrub 4 feet. 8 R. GLYCSTHYLLA (Poir. dict. 6. p. 227.) unarmed ; leaves impari-pinnatc, with 6-9 pairs of glabrous, ovate, obtuse, dis- coloured leaflets; stipidas subulate, stift'; racemes elongated; calyx tubular ; legume linear, compressed, obtuse, stipitate. T^ . S. Native of Martinique. Flowers small, white. Perhaps a species of Lonchocurjnts. Sweet-leaved Robinia. Tree 20 feet ? 9 R. Guinee'nsis (Willd. ex Steud. D. C. prod. 2. p. 262.) unarmed ; leaves impari-pinnate, with 5-6 pairs of elliptic, mti- cronate, glabrous leaflets ; stipulas linear-subidate ; racemes 5- 6-flowered ; branchlets and calyxes hispid. I7 . S. Native of Guinea. Cy'tisus hispidus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1121. GuHica Robinia. Clt. 1822. Tree 40 feet. 10 R. LATiFOLiA (Mill. dict. uo. 9. but not of Poir.) unarmed ; leaves impari-pinnate, with 6-7 pairs of oblong acuminated leaf- lets, which are shining above, and pale beneath ; racemes elon- gated ; legumes 1-2-seeded, oblong-ovate. T; . S. Native of Campeachy. Flowers rose-coloured. Perhaps 'a species of ion- choedrpvs. Broad-leaved Robinia. Treo 20 to 30 feet. LEGUMINOS;E. CX. Robinia. CXI. Poit^a. CXII. Sabinf.a. XIII. Coursetia. 239 11 R. gla'bra (Mill. diet. no. 5.) unarmed; leaves impari- pinnate ; leaflets oblong-obovatc, obtuse, glabrous ; peduncles racemose, crowded. I; . S. Native of Campeacliy. Flowers small, yellowish-red. Perhaps a species o( Lonchocdrpus. Glabrous Robinia. Tree. 12 R. pe'ndila (Ort. dec. p. 20.) unarmed; leaves impari- pinnatc, with G-iS pairs of oval nnicronulate leaflets ; stipulas su- bulate ; racemes twice the length of the leaves ; pedicels twin, 1-flowered. H . S. Native of Peru, at the town called Hua- riaca. Flowers pale violet-coloured. Pendulous-^owcreiX Robinia. Tree. 13 R. piuu-u'rea (Link. enum. 2. p. 242,) pctioTes somewhat spinescent ; leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, mucro- nate, pubescent ; pedicels 1-flowered. Tj . S. Native country unknown. Flowers purple. PHr^j/e-flowered Robinia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ISIO. Tree. 14 R. rubiginosa (Mart, et Nees, nov. act. l)onn. 12. p. 31. exclusive of the synonyme of Poir.) shrub unarmed, diffuse ; leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets 19-21, elliptic, obtuse, somewhat emarginate, pubescent beneath; racemes axillary, compound, and are, as well as the branches, clothed with rusty villi. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, about Tamburil and Valos. Flowers small, violaceous. Ovary crenulated. Rusty Robinia. Shrub 10 to 12 feet. 15 R. Cube'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 392.) arboreous ; leaflets 9, ovate-oblong, obliquely falcate, glabrous ; racemes in fascicles, pendulous ; calyx urceolate, 5-toothed, pu- bescent. I7 . S. Native of Cuba, near Batabana. Flowers pale rose-coloured. Fruit unknown. Cuha Robinia. Tree 40 feet. 16 R. feurugi'nea (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 395.) arboreous; branches glabrous, unarmed; racemes rising before the leaves ; calyx urceolate, 5-lobed, somewhat bilabiate, clothed with rusty tomentum. Ij . S. Native of Caraccas. Flowers rose-coloured or white. Ferruginous Robinia. Tree 20 feet. 17 R. FL\\'A (Lour. coeh. 45C.) unarmed; leaves abruptly pinnate, usually with 8 pairs of oblong acutish leaflets ; pedun- cles 3 together, each bearing 3 flowers. Ij. G. Native of the north of China. Root yellow, bitter. Flowers white. Perhaps a species of Caragana. The roots in decoction are febrifugal. Je/toi'-rooted Robinia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 18 R. pvramida'ta (Mill. diet. no. 7.) unarmed; leaves bi- pinnale ; leaflets ovate, sessile, shining above, but pale beneath : panicles spicately pyramidal, erect. 'j . S. Native of Cam- peachy. I'lowers red. Perhaps a species of Ccesalpinia. Pyramidal-^owcxeA Robinia. Tree. Cult. AH the true species of Robinia are very handsome when in flower, and are very proper plants for ornamental shrub- beries ; the taller species to be placed at the back, and the shorter ones in front ; they are either propagated by layers or by graft- ing the rarer on the commoner sorts, most commonly on the R. pseudacacia. Most of the species may be raised from seeds, which in some kinds ripen in plenty. The stove and greenhouse kinds, which are certainly very doubtful species of the genus, should be treated in the same manner as the genus Sahinea. CXI. POITjE'A (in honour of — Poiteau, a French botanist and traveller in South America, author of Flore Parisienne, in conjunction with Turpin, and author of many botanical memoirs in the Annales du Museum). D. C. prod. 2. p. 263.— Poitea, Vent, choix. t. 36. Lix. SYST. DiadClphia, Decdndria. Calyx obliquely truncate, 5-toothed ; teeth very short, especially the 2 upjjcr ones. Petals 5, disposed in a papilionaceous manner, conniving, oblong ; vex- illum retuse, shorter than the wings. Keel longer than the wings. Stamens somewhat exserted, diadelphous. Style fili- form, glal)rous. Stigma terminal. Legume stipitate, linear, compressed, many-seeded, mucronulate ; valves flat. Seeds len- ticular.— Shrubs, natives of St. Domingo, with the habit of Galiga and Robinia. Stipulas setaceous. Leaves impari-pin- nate ; leaflets exstipellate. Flowers white or rose-coloured, disposed in axillary racemes. Legumes glabrous. 1 P. calegoi"des (Vent, choix. t. 36.) petioles wingless ; leaf- lets 12-15 pairs, oblong, mucronate, and are, as well as the branches, clothed with adpressed pubescence ; flowers and le- gumes nodding. Jj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Galega Ber- terii, Spreng. in herb. Balb. P. galegiformis, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 272. Leaflets 3 lines long, and a line and a half broad. Flowers of a rose-purple colour. GoaVs-rue-like Poitsea. Shrub. 2 P. vici.EFoLiA (D. C. in ann. sc. nat. 4. p. 99.) petiole with a very narrow wing; leaves with 16-18 pairs of oblong mucro- nate leaflets, which are clothed with hairy pubescence, as well as the branchlets ; flowers and legumes erect. ^ . S. Native of St. Domingo. Robinia viciaefolia, Bert, in herb. Balb. Flowers of a rose-purple colour. Leaflets an inch long, and about 3 or 4 lines broad. Vetch-haved PoitJEa. Shrub. 3 P. campani'lla (D. C. prod. 2. p. 263.) petiole terete, fili- form ; leaves with 4 pairs of distant, ovate-oblong, rather mucro- nidate leaflets, which are glaucous beneath, but smooth on both surfaces, as well as the branches and petioles. I7 . S. Native of St. Domingo, where it is called CampaniUa. Robinia lati- folia, Bertero in herb. Balb. Flowers white or pale rose-co- loured. Leaflets an inch long, and half an inch broad, on lonj petiolules. Campanula Poitaea. Shrub. Cult. See Sabinea for culture and propagation. CXII. SABPNEA (named by De Candolle, in honour of Joseph Sabine, F.R.S. F.L.S. &c. who was a long time Secretary of the Horticultural Society of London). D. C. in ann. sc. nat. 4. Jan. 1825. p. 92. prod. 2. p. 263. Lin. syst. Diadelphia, Decdndria. Calyx cup-shaped, cam- panulate, with a truncate, nearly entire border. Corolla papilio- naceous. Keel obtuse, rather shorter than the vexillum. Sta- mens diadelphous, the free one and 4 others shorter than the rest. Style filiform, glabrous, circinnately incurved, as well as the stamens. Legume stipitate, compressed, linear, elongated, many-seeded, mucronate by the style. — Unarmed Caribbean shrubs, with abruptly-pinnate leaves, glabrous mucronate leaflets, axillary fascicles of 1-flowered pedicels, and purplish flowers. 1 S. flo'rida (D. C. 1. c.) leaflets 8-9 pairs, elliptic-oblong ; flowers rising before the leaves. T; . S. Native of the Ame- rican Islands, in St. John, Krabben Island, and St. Thomas. Ro- binia florida, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 89. t. 70. Flowery Sabinea. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 2 S. du'bia (D. C. 1. c.) leaflets 10-12 pairs, elliptic-oblong; flowers rising after the leaves. f; . S. Native of Martinique and Porto-Rico. Robinia dilbia. Lam. ill. t. COG. f. 2. Poir. diet. 6. p. 227. but not of Fouc. Robinia Martinicensis, Pers. ench. 2. p. 312. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from the pre- ceding. Doubtful Sabinea. Shrub 2 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will answer the species of Sabinea, and young cuttings will root if planted in a pot of sand with a hand-glass placed over them in heat. CXIII. COURSETIA (in honour of Dumont de Courset, 240 LEGUMINOSjE. CXIII. CouRSETiA. CXIV. Sesbania. author of the Botaniste Cultivateur, 5 vols, in 8vo. Paris, 1802. and one of the editors of the Bon Jardinier). D. C. in ann. sc. nat. 4. Jan. 1825. p. 92. prod. 2. p. 264. Lin. syst. Diadelph'ta, Decdndria. Calyx 5-cleft, with nearly equal acute segments, 2 superior ones rather the shortest, and joined together a little liiglier up than the rest. Vexillum ob- cordate, shorter than broad. Keel obtuse, shorter than the wings. Stamens diadelphous. Style incurved, thick at the base and glabrous, but fihform at the apex and bearded with villi on all sides. Stigma capitate, terminal, smootliish. Legume com- pressed, 1-celled, 5-8-seeded, tapering to the apex, and mucro- nate by the style. — Tomentose shrubs, with subulate stipidas, abruptly-pinnate leaves, with many pairs of ovate small leaflets, the common petiole sometimes terminating in a bristle, but rarely in an odd leaflet. Flowers yellow. This genus is allied to Ro- biiiia and Caragana, not to L&lhyrus or /Escliynomene. 1 C. TOMENTO^SA (D. C. 1. c.) the whole plant clothed with velvety tomentum ; leaves with from 30-35-pairs of leaflets ; racemes 2-3-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; calyx 5-cleft. Tj . S. Native of Peru. Lathyrus frutic6sus, Cav. icon. t. 84. O'robus tomentosus, Desf. cat. hort. par. ed. 1. p. 195. Vicia fruticosa, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1102. O'robus fruticosus, Pers. Flowers yellow. Tmnentose Coursetia. Shrub 2 feet. 2 C. ? Du BiA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 264.) branches clothed with white villi ; leaflets elliptic, acutish, usually about 30 pairs, pu- berulous above, and villously tomentose beneath, and canescent ; racemes 15-20-flowered, length of leaves ; calyx .5-toothed. Ij . S. Native on the Andes about Pasto, near the river Guaritaria. Sesbania dubia, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 268. t. 660. Hymenospron Pastoensis, Spreng. Flowers rose-coloured. Doubtful Coursetia. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 3 C. virga'ta (D. C. 1. c.) plant smoothish ; leaflets 10-15 pairs; racemes 8-1 0-flowered ; calyx 5-toothed. Ij . S. Native of New Spain. iEschynomene virgata, Cav. icon. t. 293. Ag^ti virgata, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 120. Legume glabrous, com- pressed, somewliat torulose, not articulated, apiculated by the thick style. Calyx not bipartite. Stamens not equally diadel- phous. Perhaps a proper species of Coursetia. Corolla yellow. Twiggy Coursetia. Shrub 2 feet. Cult. See Sahinea for culture and propagation, p. 239. CXIV. SESBA'NIA {Seshnn is the Arabic name of the first species). Pers. ench. 2. p. 316. Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 120. t. 4. f. 5. — Sesban, Poir. diet. 7. p. 127.— Sesb^na, R. Br. in hort. kew. 4. p. 330. — /Eschynomene species of Lin. and others. — Coronilla species of Willd. Lin. syst. Diadelphia, Decdndria. Calyx 5-cleft or 5-toothed (f. 38. a.) with the lobes nearly equal. Vexillum roundish, complicated, larger than the keel (f. 38. b.). Keel obtuse, 2- cdged at the base. Stamens diadelphous, having the tube or sheath rather auricled at the b.^se. Legume elongated, slender (f. 38. c), compressed, or somewhat cylindrical ; the sutures thickened, not truly articulated, but rather torulose Shrubs or herbs, having the cauline stipulas lanceolate. Leaves ab- ruptly pinnate, with many pairs of leaflets, having the petioles drawn out into a bristle at the apex instead of an odd leaflet. Peduncles axillary. Flowers racemose, usually yellow. Perhaps this genus, with the three following, ought to have been referred to Tribe Hedysdrea. 1 S. jEGYPTi"ACA(Pers. ench. 2. p. 316.) shrubby, glabrous; leaflets 10 pairs, oblong-linear, obtuse, and rather mucronate ; racemes many-flowered ; legumes compressed, and rather terete, torulose, twice the length of the petiole. I7 . S. Native of Senegal, Egypt, and the East Indies. Sesban, P. Alp. 82. with a figure, .^schynomene Sesban, Lin. spec. 1061. Coronilla FIG. 38. Sesban, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1147. JE. Sesban and M. I'ndica, Burm. fl. ind. 169 and 170. Vexillum roundish and dotless. Flowers yellow. /Egyptian Sesban. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1680. Shrub 5 feet. 2 S. occidenta'lis (Pers. ench. 2. p. 31G.) shrubby, glabrous ; leaves with 12-15 pairs of elliptic leaflets ; racemes few-flowered ; legumes terete, straight, 3-times longer than the petioles. Ifj . S. Native of South America or the Caribbee Islands. Coronilla occident&lis, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1147. — Plum, ed Burm. t. 125. f. 1 . Corolla hairy according to Plumier, yellow. OccidentalSeshm. Fl. , July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub 4 feet. 3 S. cassioi'des ; shrubby, smooth; leaves with from 20-35 pairs of lanceolate, obtuse, mucronate leaflets ; stipulas subu- late ; peduncles axillary, 2-3-4-flowered ; legumes long-linear, terete, longer than the leaves. ^ . S. Native of Guaiaquil. ^chynomene cassioides, Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb. Cassia-like Sesban. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 4 S. exaspera'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 534.) shrubby ; branches angular, and are, as well as the rachis, prickly ; leaves with about 30 pairs of linear, mucronate, rather falcate, glabrous leaflets, but with the nerves and margins beset with adpressed down ; peduncles usually 3-flowered, one-half shorter than the leaves. Ij . S. Native of South America, in sand at the river Apures, and near La Laguna de Valencia. Corolla glabrous, yellow. Legume very long and cylindrical. Rough Sesban. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 5 S. aculeata (Pers. ench. 2. p. 316.) plant herbaceous and gla- brous ; rachis of leaves rather prickly ; leaves having about 25 pairs of linear, obtuse, rather mu- cronulate leaflets ; racemes few- flowered ; legumes filiform, one- half shorter than the petioles. ©. S. Native of Malabar. jEschy- nomene Sesban, Jacq. coll. 2. p. 283. iE. bispinosa, Jacq. icon. rar. t. 564. Coronilla aculeata, Willd. 1. c — Rheed. mal. 9. t. 27. Burm. zeyl. t. 41. There is a variety of this plant having only 12-15 pairs of leaflets. Flowers orange. Prickly Sesban. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1690. PI. 5 to 6 feet. 6 S. Peruvia'na ; shrubby, smooth ; leaves with 4-6 pairs of obovate, obtuse, mucronate leaflets, which are glaucous beneath ; racemes short, few-flowered ; stipidas ovate, subulate at the apex ; petioles prickly ; legumes longer than the leaves, elon- gated, terete. Pj . S. Native of Peru, .^schynomene spec, nov. Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb. Peruvian Sesban. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 7 S. canna'bina (Pers. 1. e.) plant herbaceous, glabrous ; rachis of leaves smooth ; peduncles 1-flowered, twin ; legume filiform, compressed. ©. S. Native of Malabar. jEschyno- mene cannabina, Retz, obs. 5. p. 26. Coronilla cannabina, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1148. Flowers small, yellow. This plant, if treated as hemp, may be used for the same purposes. i/(>)H;j Sesban. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. 2 to 4 feet. 8 S. affi'nis (Schrad. sem. hort. goett. 1819.) plant herba- ceous, smoothish ; leaflets 12-18 pairs, oblong-linear, very blunt, mucronulate ; rachis of leaves smooth ; racemes few-flowered ; legumes compressed, pendulous, length of rachis. ©. S. Native of the East Indies. jEschynomene cannabina, Hortul. Flowers yellow. Allied Seshan. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. 2 to 4 feet. 9 S. vuNCTA^TA (D. C.'prod. 2. p. 264.) plant herbaceous. LEGUMINOSiE. CXIV. Sesbania. CXV. Agati. CXVI. Glottidium. 241 glabrous; leaves bavins:; 10-30 pairs of oblons^-lincar, very blunt, niucronatc IcaHcts ; pctioK's pubescent above ; racemes many- flowereil ; corolla C-tinies longer tban tlie calyx ; legumes com- pressed, somewhat torulose, 3 or 4 times the length of the petiole. ©. ? S. Native of Senesral. Flowers yellow, 8-9 lines long, having the vexillum spotted with purple on the outside. Spotlal-aowcred Sesban. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 10 S. pachvca'upa (D. C. prod. 2. p. 265.) plant herbaceous, glabrous ; leaflets oblong-linear, very blunt, and rather niucro- nate ; petioles sinootli ; racemes 4-G-flowered, somewhat corym- bose ; corolla 3-tinies longer than the calyx ; legumes rather terete, thick, 3-times the length of the rachis. ©.? S. Native of Senegal. Flowers yellow, but with the vexillum variegated with purple spots. Legume acuminated, 6-8 inches long. Thich-fru'itcd Sesban. PI. 2 to 3 feet. lis. pi'cTA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 31 C.) plant herbaceous, gla- brous ; leaves with 12-lG pairs of oblong-linear obtuse leaflets; racemes many-flowered, nodding ; corolla 3-times the length of the calyx ; legumes filiform, when young terete, but at length becoming compressed, torulose, twice the length of tlie petioles. $ . S. Native of New Spain. jEschynomene picta, Cav. icon. 4. p. 7. t. 314. Coronilla picta, Willd. 1. c. Corolla yellow, having the vexillum variegated with black dotted lines. There is a variety of this plant with 1-flowercd peduncles, but this is very rare. /*aiH/frf-flowered Sesban. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. 4 to C feet. 12 S. macroca'rpa (Muhl. ex Ell. sketch. 2. p. 221.) plant herbaceous, glabrous ; leaflets elliptic, glaucescent beneath, many-pairs ; racemes axillary, few-flowered ; legumes rather terete, elongated. ©. H. Native of Louisiana, and in the island of Paris. Flowers yellowish. Racemes shorter than the leaves. Long-fruilcd He^ihan. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 3 ft. 13 S. puBEscENS (D. C. prod. 2. p. 265.) plant herbaceous, clothed w ith adpresscd villous pubescence ; leaflets oblong-linear, obtuse, mucronate, about 20 pairs ; racemes 7-8-flovvered ; le- gumes filiform, shorter than the petiole. ©. S. Native of Guinea. .Slschynomene pubescens, Vahl. ined. Flowers yellow. Pubescent Sesban. PI. 2 to 3 feet ? 14 S. PALUDOSA (Jacq. hort. vind. ex sem. miss. D. C. pi. rar. jard. gen. prod. 2. p. 265.) plant herbaceous, glabrous ; leaflets elliptic-linear, obtuse, mucronate, 10-20 pairs ; racemes usually 2-flowered ; legume terete, rather compressed, and some- what torulose, length of rachis. ©. S. Native of the East Indies. Corolla yellow, but with the vexillum rather brownish, and the top of the keel purplish. Perhaps the same as jEschy- nomene paludosa of Roxb. Marsh Keshan. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. 2 to 4 feet. 15 S. gra'cilis (Schrad. cat. sem. ga?tt. 1819. D. C. prod. 2. p. 265.) plant glabrous ; leaves with 12-15 pairs of oblong-linear, obtuse, mucronulate leaflets ; rachis of leaves smooth ; racemes few-flowered ; legumes compressed, rather torulose, erect, twice the length of the rachis, apiculated by the style, which is twice the length of the ultimate joint. ©. S. Native country un- known. Very nearly allied to the following species. ,SYe»j . H. Native of Siberia, among granite rocks beyond the Baikal. Robinia tragacanthoides, Pall. nov. act. petr. 10. t. 7. astr. 115. t. 86. Robinia macracantha, Lodd. cat. Flowers yellow, drooping. G ouls'-t horn-like Ca.vaga.na. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1816. Sh. 13 C. juba'ta (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 89.) leaves with 4 or 5 pairs of oblong-lanceolate, lanuginously-ciliated leaflets ; stipulas se- taceous ; petioles somewhat spinose, adult ones deflexed, fili- form, permanent; pedicels solitary, very short ; legume glabrous. >7 . H. Native of Siberia, at Lake Baikal. Robinia jubata, Pall, in act. petr. 10. t. 6. astr. p. 113. t. 85. Lodd. bot. cab. 522. Flowers white, few, suffused with red. 71/anc(/-leafletted Caragana. Fl. April, ^L^y. Clt. 1796. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. j- A species not sufficiently known. 14 C. FRUTicosA (Bess. cat. hort. crem. p. 116.) said to be allied to C. arborescens, but differs in the flowers being larger and solitary, and in the young legumes being red. Ti . S. Native of the Russian empire. Perhaps Robinia Mongolica of Fisch. and R. speciosa of Swartz ex Besser. Slirnbhij Caragana. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. Cult. All the species of this genus are well adapted for shrubberies. They are usually propagated by layers and by seeds. The species are all deciduous. CXXL HALIMOBE'NDRON (AXt^og, halimos, maritime, and ceucpov, dendron, a tree ; in reference to the shrub, which grows in dry naked salt fields by the river Irtis, in Siberia). Fisch. in litt. D. C. legum. mem. vi. prod. 2. p. 269. Halodendron, D. C. mem. ined. in soc. phys. gen. march, 1824. but not of Petit Thouars. Lin. svst. Diadelphia, Decdndria. Calyx urceolately-cam- panulate, with 5 short teeth. Keel obtuse, straiglitish. Wings very acute and auricled. Stamens diadelphous, about equal in length. Style filiform, glabrous. Stigma terminal. Legume stipitate, inflated, bladdery, hard, ovate, and few-seeded, de- pressed at the seminiferous suture. Seeds oval, somewhat com- pressed, small, and smooth. — Siberian shrubs, with the habit of Caragana. Leaves abruptly pinnate, with 2 pairs of leaflets. Petioles and stipulas spinose. Peduncles 2-3-flowered. Flowers purplish. The shrubs are deciduous. 1 H. akce'nteum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 269.) leaves hoary; peduncles 2-floHercd. ^.H. Native of Siberia, in dry salt fields at the river Irtis, and of Iberia. Robinia halodendron, Lin. fil. suppl. 330. Pall. fl. ross. t. 36. itin. 2. t. W. ed gall, append, no. 360. t. 83. f. 1. Caragana argentea. Lam. in Pall, cd gall. 1. c. This is an elegant silky shrub, it thrives well in the gardens, but seldom or never flowers, probably from the want of the saline principle in which it naturally grows. Var. a, viilgare (D. C. prod. 2. p. 269.) leaves between hoary and silvery ; vexillum length of keel. Sims, bot. mag. 1016. 1 ar. 1^, hrachysima (D. C. I.e.) leaves hoary and silvery; vexillum one half shorter than the wings and keel; style short. Perhaps only a monster raised in gardens. -Si/ter)/ Salt-tree. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1779. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 2 H. subvire'scens ; leaves greenish ; vexillum length of carina ; pedicels 3-flovvered. Ij . H. Native of Siberia, in salt fields. Robinia triflora, Lher. stirp. nov. 162. H. argen- teum /3, subvirescens, D. C. prod. 2. p. 169. Greenish Salt-tree. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1779. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. Cult. See last genus for culture and propagation. They are elegant deciduous shrubs, and deserve to be cultivated in gardens. CXXII. DIPHY^SA (from etc, dis, twice, and (jivaa, physa, a bladder ; in reference to the legume, which is furnished with a large membranous bladder on each side of the legume, rising from the sutures). Jacq. amer. 208. Schreb. gen. no. 1104. Lam. ill. t. 605. D. C. prod. 2. p. 269. LiN. SYST. Diadelphia, Decandria. Calyx 5-cleft, 2 supe- rior lobes roundish, 3 lower ones acute. Vexillum obovate- oblong, reflexed ; wings flat. Keel sickle-shaped. Stamens diadelphous. Legume linear, compressed, furnished on both sides with a large membranous bladder, which rises from the sutures, and are therefore opposite each other, 1 -celled, 5-6- seeded. — A small imarmed tree, with impari-pinnate leaves, composed of 5 pairs of leaflets and an odd one, axillary 2-3- flowered peduncles, and yellow flowers. The place which this genus should occupy in the order is very doubtful, in conse- quence of the structure of the legume being imperfectly known. 1 D. Carthagene'nsis (Jacq. amer. 208. t. 180. f. 51.) Tj . S. Native of Carthagena, in bushy places, where it is called Vivaseca. Carthagena Diphysa. Clt. 1827. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. Cult. For the culture and propagation of this shrub see Sahinea, p. 239. CXXIII. CALO'PHACA (from koXoq, kalos, beautiful, and (paKri, 2^hake, a lentil ; in allusion to the beauty of the plant). Fisch. ined. D. C. prod. 2. p. 270. Lin. syst. Diadelphia, Decandria. Calyx 5-cleft, the lobes acuminated. Keel obtuse. Stamens diadelphous. Style villous and straight at the base, but glabrous incurved at the apex. Stigma terminal. Legume sessile, oblong, somewhat cylindrical, mu- cronate, 1-celled ; valves concave, beset with soft hairs, as well as with stiff", glandular bristles, mixed. — A deciduous shrub, with lanceolate stipulas, impari-pinnate leaves, and axillary pedunculate racemes of yellow flowers. This genus differs from Cytisiis in the stamens being diadelphous, and in the pinnate leaves. 1 C. VVolga'rk A (Fisch. in litt.). T2 . H. Native of Siberia, on dry hills, and in arid places about the Volga. Cytisus nigri- cans. Pall. itin. 3. p. 764. t. G. g. f. 3. ed gall, append, no. 358. t. 101. f. 1. Cytisus pinniitus. Pall. fl. ross. 1. t. 47. Cytisus Wolgaricus, Lin. fil. suppl. 327. Duham. arb. ed. nov. t. 48. Coliitea Wolgarica, Lam. Adenocarpus Wolgensis, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 226. Leaflets 6 or 7 pairs, orbicular, velvety be- neath as well as the calyxes. Volga Calophaca. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1786. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. Cult. This shrub is well adapted for the front of shrubberies, and is increased by layers or by seeds. Being rather tender it should be protected by a mat in winter. CXXIV. COLU^TEA (said to be from mXovu), koluo, to am- putate ; the shrubs are said to die if the branches are lopped off. KoXovrea is also the name of a plant in Theophrastus). R.Br, in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 325. Coliitea species of Lin. and others. Lin. syst. Diadelphia, Decdndria. Calyx 5-toothed. Vex- illum flat, bicallous, larger than the keel, which is obtuse. Stamens diadelplious. Stigma lateral, hooked under the top of the style. Style bearded longitudinally behind. Legume stipitate, ovate, boat-formed, inflated, scarious. — Deciduous LEGUMINOSiE. CXXIV. Colutea, CXXV. Spii.ekophysa. CXXVI. Swainsonia. 215 shrubs, with small stipulas, impari-pinnate leaves, and axillary few-flowerod racemes, wliicli are a little shorter than tlie leaves. 1 C. akbore'scens (liiii. spee. 104.).) leaflets elliptic, retuse ; peduncles ustially bearing about C flowers; jjibbosities on the vexilluin short ; h'f;anie closed. Tj . II. Native of middle and south Europe, in hedges and bushy places, on Mount Vesuvius, even in the ascent to the crater, where hardly any other veget- able is to be found. 1). C. astr. no. 1. Duhani. arbr. cd. nov. 1. t. 22. Curt. hot. mag. t. 81. C. hirsuta, Uoth. fl. germ. 1. p. 305. Flowers yellow. The C. arborcsccns of Burm. fl. cap. 22. is probably a species of Tephrbsia. The leaves are recommended as answering all the purposes of senna, and Allioni gives particular directions for the preparation of them. A larger dose seems to be required to produce the same efl'ect. The seeds to the quantity of a drachm or two excite vomiting. Arborescent Bladder-Senna. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1568. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 2 C. crue'nta (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 55.) leaflets ob- ovate, cmarginate, glaucous ; peduncles 4 or 5-flowcred ; vex- illum with small, obtuse gibbosities ; legume gaping at the apex, fj . H. Native of the islands in the Archipelago, Iberia, and the Levant. D. C. astr. no. 3. Lher. stirp. nov. 2. t. 41. C. orientalis. Lam. diet. 1. p. 2,5^. ill. 624. f. 3. Duham. ed. nov. I. t. 23. C. sanguinea. Pall. C. aptera, Schmidt, arb. t. 119. C. humilis. Scop. Flowers of a reddish-copper colour, but with the vexillum having a yellow spot at the base. This species differs from the foregoing in the smaller different co- loured flowers, in the wings being shorter than the keel, and in the pod being open at the apex. /)/o(«/)/-flowered or Oriental Bladder-Senna. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1731. Shrub i to 8 feet. 3 C. Hale'ppica (Lam. diet. 1. p. 353. ill. t. 624. f. 2.) leaflets roundish-elliptic, very obtuse, mucronate ; peduncles 3-flowered ; gibbosities of vexillum elongated and ascending ; legumes closed. l^ . H. Native of fields about Aleppo. D.C. astr. no. 2. C. Poccickii, Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 55. Schmidt, arb. t. 129. C. I'stria, Mill, dict.no. 2. t. 100. C. procumbens, Lher. stirp. nov. 2. t. 42. Flowers yellow. A smaller shrub than ('. arborcsccns. Aleppo Bladder-Senna. Fl. Ma. Oct. Clt. 1752. Sh. 3 to 6 ft. 4 C. MEDIA (Willd. enum. 771.) leaflets obcordate, glauees- cent ; peduncles usually fi-flowered ; legumes closed at the apex. \i . H. Native of Europe. Wats. dend. brit. 140. Flowers orange-coloured. Inlermed'iale Bladder-Senna. Fl. June, Aug. Sh. 6 to 8 feet. 5 C. Nipaule'nsis (Hook, bot.mag. 2622.) leaflets roundish- elliptic, retuse ; racemes drooping, few-flowered ; callosities of vexillum papillseform ; legumes rather coriaceous, pubescent. \. H. Native of Nipaul. Flowers yellow. A'!/)«u/ Bladder-Senna. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1822. Shrub 5 to 10 feet. t Species not s>ijjic'ienthj known. 6 C. ? ^scHiNOMENOiDES (Scop. insub. 3. p. 22. t. 12.) plant herbaceous ; leaflets lanceolate, obtuse, glabrous, acuminated by the nerve. 1/ . ? G. Native of the Bahama Islands. Perhaps a species of Pictclia. ^scliinomene-like Bladder-Senna. PI. 2 feet. 7 C. America'na (Mill. diet. no. 5.) shrubby ; leaves with 3 pairs of oval leaflets ; peduncles 2-3-flowcred ; legumes com- pressed. Pj . .S. Native of Vera Cruz. Perhaps a species of Ccssalpinia. Flowers yellow Pluk. aim. 111. t. 165. f. .3. American Bladder-Senna. Shrub 0 to 8 feet. Cult. The species of Bladder-Senna are proper for shrub- beries, as they flower in great profusion, a?id continue in flower the most of the season. They thrive in any common soil, and are increased by seeds, which ripen in abundance, or by cuttings, planted in the autumn. The two last .species require to be sheltered in a greenhouse. CXXV. SPII^ROPHY'SA(from ^;i^;rf Bastard- Vetch. Fl. July. Clt. 1795. PI. 1 foot. FIG. 39. 3 P. alpi'na (Jacq. icon.rar. 1. t. 151.) stem erect, branched, pu- bescent ; stipulas linear-lanceolate ; leaves with 9-12 pairs of oblong, obtuse, pubescent leaflets ; le- gumes compressed, half ovate, acute, smoothish. 1/. H. Native of the Alps of Europe, the Pyre- nees, and of Siberia. D. C. astr. no. 3. — Gmel. sib. 4. t. 14. As- tragalus pendidiflorus. Lam. fl. fr. Flowers yellow. Var. ft, Dahurica (Fiseh. in litt. 1825.) plant more firm and more erect, and the legume is harder. % ■ H. Native of Dahuria. P. membranacea, Fisch. in litt. 1822. Alpine Bastard- Vetch. Fl. July. Clt. 1750. PI. 1 foot. 4 P. thiiloka (D. C. astr. no. 7. t. 1.) stem almost erect, pubescent ; stipulas acuminated, rather concrete at the base ; leaves with 5-G pairs of ovate, obtuse, pubescent leaflets ; pe. duncles rather shorter than the leaves, few-flowered; legumes 248 LEGUMINOS^. CXXIX. Phaca. semi-elliplic-oblong, turgid, depressed, pubescent. ©. H. Na- tive of Peru. Flowers 3-6 in a raceme, yellowish. P. Candol- leiuia, H. B. et Kuutli, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 495. t. 586. Three-Jlowered Bastard-Vetch. PI. | to 1 foot. 5 P. viLLOSA (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 97.) plant almost stem- less, hairy ; leaflets oblong-oval, glabrous above ; peduncles shorter than the leaves, or equal in length to them ; spike few- flowered, somewhat capitate ; legume clothed with canescent villi, terete, and cymbiform. i;. H. Native of Carolina and Gcoro-ia, in sandy pine-woods, and on hills about the Missouri, as well as of China. Astragalus villosus, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 67. Flowers cream-coloured. Villous Bastard- Vetch. PI. i foot. 6 P. c^sPiTOSA (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 98.) stemless, tufted, and clothed with canescent villi; leaves with 'd-!j leaflets, which are disposed in a digitate manner, and are acute at both ends ; flowers aggregate, without a scape ; stipulas membranous, with- out any regular or decided form ; legume pubescent, sub-cylin- drical. 1^. H. Native of North America, on hills at the con- fluence of the rivers Sawanee and Missouri. Astragalus tri- phyllus, Pursh. fl, amer. sept. 2. p. 740. but not of Pall. Flowers cream-coloured. Leaflets lanceolate. Tvfted Bastard- Vetch. PI. i to ^ foot. 7 P. arena'ria (Pall. it. 4. t. 19. f. 3- t. ed. gall, append.no. ii88. t. 91. f. 3-4.) stems spreading, ascending, glabrous ; stipu- las membranous, concrete ; leaves with 5-6 pairs of linear-lan- ceolate acute leaflets, having the terminal one sessile ; peduncles about the length of the leaves ; legumes inflated, glabrous. Native of Siberia, about tlie Uda Selenga and the Baikal. Flowers cream-coloured. Pallas's plate exhibits 2 plants under this name, the one with ovate, and the other with globose le- gumes ; the first belongs to Phaca, but the second is referrible to Sphccrospliy^a. Sand Bastard-Vetch. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1796. PI. ascending. * * Flowers purplish, sometimes piainted with white and violet. 8 P. MOLLIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 496. t. 585.) Stems short, difl'usc, clothed with soft tomentum ; leaves with 7-8 pairs of oblong, obtuse, silky, tomcntose leaflets ; racemes on long peduncles, of a cylindrical-oblong form, dense, and many-flowered ; calyxes soft and silky. 1/ . G. Native of Mexico, in valleys near Casave. Flowers purplish. The legume being unknown the genus is doubtful. Soft Bastard-Vetch. PI. diffusely procumbent. 9 P. DENSiFoLiA (Smith in Rees' cyclop. 27. no. 9.) stems decumbent, branched, and smooth ; stipulas ovate, concave ; leaves with 16-20 pairs of obovate emarginate leaflets, which are villous beneath ; peduncles length of leaves ; racemes dense, oblong; legumes ovate, turgid, almost smooth. 2/ . H. Native of California. Flowers drooping, reddish. Dense-lcavcd Bastard-Vetch. PI. decumbent. 10 P. gla'bra (Clar. bull, philom. no. 61. D. C. astr. no. 4.) stem branched, prostrate, glabrous ; stipidas broad, ovate ; leaves with 6-7 pairs of oval-oblong, acute, glabrous leaflets ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; wings of flowers entire ; le- gume stipitate, turgid, glabrous. %. H. Native of Provence, on the Lower Alps. Corolla white, tipped, and margined with violet. Gteiioj/i Bastard- Vetch, Fl. Jidy. Clt. 1818. PI. prostrate. 1 1 P. Gera'rdi (Vill. dauph. 3. p. 474.) stem diffuse, branched, prostrate ; leaves and stipulas clothed with velvety pubescence, and ciliated ; peduncles rather longer than the leaves ; wings of flower oblong, and rounded at the apex ; legumes ovate, rather velvety. I/.H. Native of Dauphiny. Flowers white, having the carina tipped with purple. Gerard's Bastard-Vetch. Fl. July. PI. prostrate. 12 P. austrVlis (Lin. mant. 103. and 448.) stem branched, tufted, ascending, glabrous ; stipulas ovate ; leaves with 6-8 pairs of linear-lanceolate, glabrous leaflets, having the terminal one sessile ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; wings bifid at the apex, longer than the keel ; legumes stipitate, ovoid, at length glabrous. %. H. Native ol' the alps of Europe and the Pyrenees. Jacq. misc. 2. t. 3. D. C. astr. no. 8. Lodd. bot. cab. 490. P. Halleri, Vill. dauph. 4. p. 473. Colutea australis. Lam. diet. 1. p. 354. Corolla pale, having the keel tipped with purple. I'ar. 0, Allawa (Fisch. in litt.) stem almost erect. %. H. Native of the Altaian mountains. Perhaps a proper species, ^'owi/fern Bastard-Vetch. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1779. PI. asc. 13 P. ASTRAGALiNA (D. C. astr. no. 9.) stems short, procum- bent, smoothish ; stipulas ovate, acute ; leaves with 9-10 pairs of ovate leaflets, which are beset with adpressed pubescence on both surfaces ; peduncles about the length of the leaves ; wings entire, shorter than the keel ; legumes stipitate, pendulous, when young beset with black hairs. % . H. Native of the alps of Switzer- land, Savoy, Austria, Pyrenees, and on the Altaian mountains in Siberia. In July, 1831, this plant was found in plenty by Dr. Graham and others in Scotland on the Clova mountains, north of Forfar in Angushire. Astragalus alpinus, var. Lin. spec. 1070. Oed. fl. dan. 1. t. 51.— Lodd. bot. cab. 429. Flowers white, tipped with lilac. Root creeping. Astragalus-like Bastard- Vetch. Fl. May, July. Scotland. PI. procumbent. 14 P. Lappo'nica (D. C. prod. 2. p. 274.) stems elongated, ascending, glabrous ; stipidas ovate, acute ; leaves with 9 pairs of oval leaflets, which are glabrous above, and clothed with ad- pressed pubescence beneath ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; wings entire, longer than the keel ; legumes stipitate, pendidous, half-bilocidar, when young beset with black hairs. %. H. Native of the alps of Lapland and Sweden, and of Dahuria near Ochotsk. Astragalus alpinus, var. Lin. 1. c. P. Lapp6nica,Wah- lenb. Flowers purplish. This I fear is not distinct liom the last. Lapland Bastard-Vetch. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 ft. 15 P. OROBoiDES (D. C. prod. 2. p. 274.) stem elongated, ascending, glabrous ; stipulas ovate, acute ; leaves with 5-7 pairs of oval-oblong leaflets, which are glabrous above and hardly pubescent beneath ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; racemes elongated ; wings entire, longer than the keel ; legumes sessile, semi-bilocular, pendidous, when young beset with black hairs. 7|..H. Native of the alps of Norway and Lapland. As- tragalus oroboides, Horn. infl. dan. 8. t. 1396. Astrag. leontinus, Wahl. fl. lap. p. 191. t. 12. f. 4. but not of Jacq. Flowers purplish. 0;ofcu«-/;/re Bastard- Vetch. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. asc. 16 P. brachy'tropis (Stev. mem. soc. hist. nat. mosc. 4. p. S3.) stems ascending, smoothish ; stipulas broad, short, and bluntish ; leaves with 6 pairs of oblong-elliptic leaflets, which are smoothish above and rather pubescent beneath ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; racemes short ; wings entire, longer than the keel ; legumes on short pedicels, when young hairy. 2/.H. Native of Eastern Caucasus, Bieb. suppl. 485. Flowers purplish. Short-keeled Bastard-Vetch. PI. ascending. -j- A species not sufficiently known. 17 P. trifolia'ta (Lin. mant. 270.) stem branched, filiform ; stipulas lanceolate ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets oval, obtuse ; legumes semi-orbicular. ©. H. Native of China. Smith, in Rees' cycl. Perhaps a species of Glycine or Flem'mgia, ac- cording to Smith. Perhaps a species of Crotaldria, according to the specimen in Delessert's herbarium at Paris. 1 LEGUMINOSiE. CXXX. Oxytropis. 219 TrifoUatc-lcaved Bastard Velcli. PI. procumbent. Cult. Most of the species grow well in the open borders in common garden soil ; the dwarfer kinds are well adapted for ornamenting rock-work, but the rarer and more tender species should be grown in pots in a mixture of sand, peat, and loam. They are all increased by dividing the plants at the root, or by seeds, which generally ripen in this country, whicli last is by far the best method. The seeds of the annual kinds only rct^uire to be sown in the open border in spring. CXXX. OXY'TROPIS (from i, Alliana (Stev. 1. c.) scai)es declinate ; legumes ovate, pubescent. X- H. Native of the alps about Chinalug. Azure-fiowereA Mountain Milk-vetch. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. i foot. 4 O. ARGyR.f:'A (D. C. prod. 2. p. 27C.) plant almost stem- less ; stipulas white, membranous, hairy ; leaflets elliptic-ol Ion", clothed with adpressed, silky, silvery down on both surfaces; petioles, scapes, and calyxes beset w ith spreading villi ; scapes twice the length of the leaves ; flowers erect, disposed in capi- tate spikes; bracteas linear, lengthof calyx. %.\\. Native of the Altaian mountains. Flowers deep-purple. Legumes un- known. Silvery Mountain Milk-Vetch. PI. 1 foot. 5 O. Urale'nsis (D. C. prod. 2. p. 27G.^ plant stemless, clothed with silky hairs in every part ; leaflets ovate, acute ; scapes solitary or tuin, longer than the leaves ; calyx clothed with silky down, as well as the leaflets ; heads of flowers round and dense ; bracteas oblong, one to each flower ; legumes ob- long, tumid, pointed, shaggy, erect, bilocular. %. H. Native of Siberia, on the Ural Mountains, Alps of Austria, Pyrenees, &c. In Scotland on mountains in sandy soil ; plentiful near Burnt Island in Fifeshire. Astragalus Uralensis, Lin. spec. 1071. Smith, cngl. bot. t. 4C6. Jacq. misc. 1. p. 150. Light, fl. scot. 401. t. 17. Pall, astrag. t. 42. f. A. Phaca Uralensis, Wahl. carp. 737. Flowers of a rich bluish-purple colour, rarely white. This is an elegant plant. The Siberian plant is more villous than silky ; it may perhaps be a distinct species. The plant is also a native of Arctic America. Ural Mountain Milk- Vetch. Fl. July, Scotland. PI. A foot. G O. cceru'lea (D. C. astr. no. 2.) plant stemless and silky ; leaflets lanceolate ; scapes nearly twice the length of tlie leaves ; flowers spicate, lower ones drooping a little ; legumes ovate, ventricose, almost 1 -celled, acuminated, glabrous. %. H. Na- tive of Siberia, on high mountains about Lake Baikal. Astra- galus coeruleus, Pall. itin. 3. p. 2.03. Astr. Baicalensis, Pall, astrag. p. 64. t. 52. — Gmel. sib. 4. t. 26. f. 2. Flowers blue. Mucrone of keel equal in length to the wings. .B/we-flowered :Mountain Milk- Vetch. PI. ^ foot. 7 O. A'rctica (R. Br. chl. melv. p. 20.) plant almost stemless, silky ; leaflets opposite and alternate, ovate-oblong ; heads sub- umbellate, few-flowered ; legumes erect, oblong, and are, as well as the calyxes, clothed with black pubescence. IJ. . H. Native of Melville Island in the Arctic sea, &-c. This species ajiproaches 0. Uralensis, but the leaflets are smaller, acute or obtuse, and much more numerous, and the flowers are disposed in umbels, not in spikes. Arctic Mountain Milk-Vetch. PI. | foot. 8 O. leuca'ntha (Pers. ench. 2. p. 331.) plant stemless and glabrous ; leaflets lanceolate ; scapes hardly longer than the leaves, rather pilose ; spikes almost globose ; bracteas shorter than the calyx ; the 2 upper teeth of the calyx shorter, and more distant than the rest. 11. H. Native of Eastern Siberia, among rocks. Flowers white, but according to Pallas's figure they are reddish. Legume unknown. White-fowered Mountain Milk- Vetch. PI. | foot. 9 O. argenta"ta (Pers. ench. 2. p. 331.) plant almost stem- less ; leaflets lanceolate, silvery white on both surfaces ; scapes hoary-pubescent, hardly longer than the leaves. 1/ . H. Native of Siberia, in the Kirghisean Steppe. Astragalus argentatus. Pall. astr. p. 60. t. 48. Flowers white, but with a tinge of blue. Legume unknown. Silvered Mountain Milk-Vetch. PI. 1 foot. 10 O. AMiii'cuA (D. C. astr. no. 4.) plant stemless and hairy or smoothish ; leaflets ovate, with rather villous margins ; scapes longer than the leaves ; spikes of flowers oblong ; bracteas lan- ceoTate, and are, as well as tlie calyxes, hairy ; legumes erect, ovate, acuminated, somewhat bilocular. li . H. Native through- out Siberia. Astragalus ambiguus, Pall. astr. p. 54, t. 43. — Gmel. sib. 4. t. 30. Flowers purplish-blue. AmhiguousMonnXam Milk- Vetch. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1817. PI. i foot. K k 250 LEGUMINOS^. CXXX. Oxytropis. 11 O.FiLiFoRMis (D. C. astr. no. 16. exclusive of the syno- nymes,) plant almost stemless, glabrous ; leaflets lanceolate- linear ; scapes 2 or 3 times longer than the leaves ; flowers spi- cate, lower ones distant ; teeth of calyx short ; beak of keel shorter than the wings, i;. H. Native of Dahuria in deserts, near the river Amoor, and on mount Odon-Tschelon. Flowers small, bluish-purple. Very nearly allied to O. ccemlea, but dif- fers in the plant being glabrous, the flowers being one-half smaller, and in the beak of the keel being shorter than the wings. Filiform Mountain Milk-Vetch. PI. i foot. 12 0. SETOSA (D. C. astr. no. 5.) plant stemless ; leaflets lan- ceolate, glabrous, but pilose on the edges ; scapes hardly longer than the leaves, clothed with hoary hairs ; heads of flowers ovate- roundish ; bracteas pilose, about equal in length to the calyx, which is woolly ; calycine teeth unequal, subulate, elongated. 2/ . H. Native of Siberia, on the higher Altaian mountains. Astragalus setosus. Pall. astr. p. 5. Flowers purplish. Bristly Mountain Milk-Vetch. PI. | foot. 13 O. Lambe'rti (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 740.) plant stemless, silky and pilose in every part ; leaflets lanceolate, acute, rather remote ; scape rather longer than the leaves ; flowers spicate or capitate ; bracteas lanceolate-linear, rather shorter than the silky calyx. % . H. Native of North America, on woodless hills about the river Missouri. Sims, hot. mag. 2147. Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1054. Astragalus Lamberti, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 308. Flowers large, blue and white mixed. if/)H6cr/'4- Mountain Milk- Vetch. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1811. PI. I to 1 foot. 14 O. GRANDiFLORA (D. C. astr. no. 6.) plant stemless ; leaf- lets oblong-lanceolate, clothed with adpressed silky down ; scapes twice the length of the leaves ; flowers disposed in loose spikes ; wings obovate, dilated ; legumes oblong, membranous, acumi- nated by the style, pubescent, bilocular. Ij. . H. Native of Siberia, especially beyond the Baikal. Astragalus grandiflorns. Pall. astr. p. 57. t. 46. Willd. spec. 3. p. 1311. Flowers large, of a deep rose-colour. Bracteas shorter than the calyx. Vexil- lum emarginate. Var. /3, ciirnea (D. C. prod. 2. p. 277.) flowers flesh-coloured, liaving the ve-villum obtuse, not emarginate. %. H. Native of Dahuria. Astragalus Dahuricus, Patrin, ined. Var. y, Icptoplera (D. C. 1. c.) wings of flower oblong ; vex- illum obtuse ; bracteas shorter than the calyx. %.H. Native of Siberia, at Nerstinsky Savod near Doroninsk. O. grandiflora, Fisch. in litt. Flowers bluish-purple, not rose-coloured. Per- haps a proper species, or the same as O. Lamberti. Great-Jlorvered Mountain Milk- Vetch. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. i foot. 15 O. ca'ndicans (D. C. astr. no. 7.) plant stemless, canes- ' cent ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, pubescent ; scapes twice the length of the leaves ; spikes ovate-obloU:; ; bracteas length of calyx ; legumes oblong-linear, erect, half-bilocular, hardly pu- bescent, ending each in a long inflexed acumen. % . H. Native of Eastern Siberia, at the river Lena. Astragalus candicans, Pall. astr. p. 61. t. 49. Flowers very pale blue. WViite-leaved Mountain Milk- Vetch. PI. i foot. 16 O. CAUDA TA (D. C. astr. no. 8.) plant stemless; leaflets oblong, acute, pubescent beneath, and almost glabrous above ; scapes erect, twice the length of the leaves ; spikes of flowers oblong, dense ; bracteas shorter than the calyx, which is cylin- drical. %. H. Native of Siberia, on the Altaian mountains. Astragalus spicalus, Pall. itin. 2. append.no. 118. t. 10. ed. gall, append, no. 741. t. 84. Astr. caudatus. Pall. astr. p. 62. t. 50. Flowers purple. Legume half bilocular. rai/crf-legumed Mountain Milk- Vetch. PI. ^ foot. 17 O. Songa'rica (D. C. astr. no. 9.) plant stemless : leaflets 1 lanceolate, silky ; scapes erect, twice the length of the leaves ; flowers distant, in spikes, the lower ones almost opposite ; brac- teas shorter than the calyx. %. H. Native of Siberia, in elevated fields at the Altaian promontory. Astragalus Songaricus, Pall, astr. p. 63. t. 51. Flowers violaceous. Legume ovate, acute, pubescent. /Sojigarian Mountain Milk- Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI. I foot. 18 O. sylva'tica (D. C. astr. no. 18.) plant stemless ; leaflets oval, acute, clothed with silky down ; scapes longer than the leaves ; spikes ovate, dense ; bracteas longer than the calyx ; le- gumes inflated, membranous, clothed with brown pili. l/ . H. Native of Dahuria and Siberia, on the Altaian mountains in pine woods, and on their margins. Phacasylvatica, Pall. itin. ed. gall, append, no. 381. t. 86. f. 1. Astragalus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1300. Astr. sylvicolus. Pall. astr. p. 95. t. 78. Flowers purplish. There is a variety of this species having 3 or 4 leaflets in a whorl. /Fooi/ Mountain Milk-Vetch. PI. ^ foot. 19 O. longirostra (D. C. astr. no. 17. t. 5.) plant stemless, and rather silky ; leaflets linear-oblong, acuminated ; scapes twice the length of the leaves ; spikes ovate ; bracteas shorter than the calyx ; keel of flower furnished with a long mucronate acumen. %. H. Native of Siberia, at Lake Baikal, in the fissures of rocks. Flowers purplish. O. Gmelini, Fisch. ex Steven. Lor)g-heaked-\ee\eA Mountain Milk-Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. i foot. 20 O. brevirostra (D. C. astr. no. 19. t. 6.) plant almost stem- less ; leaflets 23-29, lanceolate, glabrous; scapes hairy, about equal in length to the leaves ; spikes ovate, dense ; bracteas about equal in length to the calyx ; legumes ovate, inflated, almost 1 -celled, apiculated by the style, and are, as well as the calyxes, beset with black pubescence. Ij.. H. Native of Si- beria, on the Altaian mountains, and in pine woods. Astragalus Altaicus, Pall. astr. p. 56. t. 45. O. Altaica, Pers. Stipulas large, membranous, joined together. Flowers bluish-purple. Short-heaked Mountain Milk-Vetch. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1802. PI. i foot. 21 O. leptophy'lla (D. C. astr. no. 12.) plant stemless, gla- brous; leaflets 9-13, linear-filiform ; scapes reclinate, length of leaves ; flowers few, almost capitate ; bracteas shorter than the calyx, which is hairy; legume inflated, membranous, almost 1- celled, pubescent. %. H. Native of Siberia, on high plains between the rivers Onon and Argun. Flowers of a deep rose- colour. Astragalus leptophyllus. Pall. astr. p. 83. t. 66. f. A. but not of Desf^ — Gmel. sib. 4. t. 24. B. Slender-leaved Mountain Milk- Vetch. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. i foot. 22 O. CjEspitosa (Pers. ench. 2. p. 333.) plant stemless ; leaflets from 13-15 in number, oblong, glabrous; scapes bearing about 5 flowers, about equal in length to the leaves ; bracteas shorter than the calyx, which is villous ; legumes inflated, ovate, acuminated, pubescently-tomentose, almost 1-celled. 1^. H. Native of Dahuria, on rocks and among gravel. Astragalus caespitosus. Pall. astr. p. 70. t. 57. Astr. vesicarius. Pall. itin. but not of Linnaeus. O. physodes var. glabra, D. C. astr. no. 14. f. 1. Flowers purple. Tufted Mountain Milk- Vetch. PI. i foot. 23 O. ampulla'ta (Pers. ench. 2. p. 333.) plant stemless; leaflets from 7-13 in number, lanceolate, and silky ; scapes usually bearing about 3 flowers each, equal in length to the leaves ; bracteas shorter than the calyx ; legumes inflated, ovate- globose, tomentose, almost 1-celled. llr.Vi. Native of Siberia, on rocks at the river Yenesee, and about the Baikal. Astragalus ampullatus. Pall. astr. p. 69. t. 56. f. B. O. phvsodes var. vil- losa, D. C. astr. no. 14. t. 2. f. 2. Cruet-shaped-^oAAeA Mountain Milk- Vetch. PI. \ foot. LEGUMINOSiE. CXXX. Oxytropis. 251 24 O. nigbe'scens (Fiscli. in litt. D. C. prod. 2. p. 278.) plant almost stemless, having numerous procumbent scapes ; leaf- lets 7-11 in number, elliptic, acutisli, villous; stipulas and calyxes beset with black hairs ; peduncles 2-flowered, len<;th of leaves ; legumes oblong, intlatcd, pubescent, 1 -celled. (Pall.) 1/. H. Native of the north-east of Siberia between the Aldan and the ocean, and in the island of St. Lawrence. Flowers bluish-pur- ple, rather large ; the keel furnished with a small mucrone, whicli is hardly evident. Astragalus nigr6scens, Pall. astr. p. 65. t. 53. Blackish-haired Moimtain Milk- Vetch. PI. procumbent. 25 O. triphy'lla (Pers. ench. 2. p. 333.) plant almost stem- less ; leaflets 3, lanceolate, glabrous, ciliated ; scape longer than the leaves, bearing 2-3 flowers at its apex ; calyx very hairy. 1/. H. Native of Siberia, on islands in Lake Baikal, and of Dahuria on a granite hill between Ozeri and Kachira. Astragalus triphyllus. Pall. astr. p. 68. t. 5G. f A. but notof Pursh. Leaves sometimes furnished only with one leaflet. Flowers large, purple. Three-leaflelted Mountain Milk- Vetch. PL \ foot. * * Flowers cream-coloured. 26 O. campe'stris (D. C. astr. no. 10.) plant stemless; leaf- lets many pairs, lanceolate, acute, hoary, and rather hairy ; scapes hairy, about equal in length to the leaves ; spikes ovate-ob- long, dense-flowered ; flowers erect ; bracteas a little shorter than the calyx, which is hairy ; le- gumes ovate, inflated, erect, hairy, FIG. 40. half-bilocular. 1|..H. Native of Kurope, on the Alps. In Scotland upon a high rock on one of the mountains at the head of Clova, Angus-shire, near theWhite-water, in great abundance. Astragalus campestris, Lin. spec. 102. Smith, engl. bot. vol. 36. 2522. Astra, sordidus, Willd. spec. 1313. with erroneous remarks. A. sordidus, Pers. ench. 2. p. 333. Astr. Ura- lensis, Oed. fl. dan. 1041. Phaca campestris, Wahl. — Hall. helv. t. 13. — Scheuchz. trav. alp. i. p. 330. with a figure. In size and habit much like O. Uralensis, but the leaflets are narrower, more nu- merous, much less silky, being only besprinkled with shining hairs, and sometimes quite smooth, except on the mid-rib. Flowers cream-coloured, the keel and wings tinged with purple. Field Mountain Milk- Vetch. Fl. July, Aug. Scotland. PI. i to 4 foot. 27 O. sulphu'rea (Fisch. in litt.) plant stemless; leaflets from 37-41 in number, lanceolate, when young clothed with ad- pressed silky pubescence, at length only besprinkled with a few hairs ; scape a little longer than the leaves ; spikes capitate ; flowers spreading ; bracteas about equal in length to the calyx ; legume hairy? i;.H. Native of Siberia, on the Altaian moun- tains at the metal mines. O. campestris y sulphiirea, D. C. prod. 2. p. 278. Flowers cream-coloured. This species is very like the European O campestris, but differs in the leaflets being more numerous, and in the flowers being larger. 5M//)/(ur-coloured-flowered Mountain Milk- Vetch. Fl. Jidy. Clt. 1820. PI. i foot. 28 O. viscosA (Vill. dauph. 3. p. 469. t. 43.) plant stemless ; leaves with about 20 pairs of linear, acute, rather clammy leaflets ; scapes and leaves erect ; flowers 7-9 at the top of each scape ; calyx clothed with clammy pubescence ; legumes oblong, re- curved, velvety. If.. H. Native of Switzerland and Dauphiny. O. campestris var. (i, viscosa, D. C. astr. no. 10. Flowers white. CTnwray Mountain Milk- Vetch. Fl. July. Clt. 1817. Pl.^ft. 29 O. fce'tida (1). C. astr. no. 11.) plant stemless; leaves with many pairs of lanceolate-linear, clammy, glabrous leaflets ; scapes rather longer than the leaves, woolly at the apex ; spikes capitate, few-flowered ; bracteas shorter than the calyx ; legumes erect, terete, inflated, rather incurved, pubescent. 2/ . H. Na- tive of the Alps of Dauphiny, Switzerland, and Piedmont. As- tragalus foo'tidus, Vill. daupli. 3. p. 468. t. 43. Astr. Halleri, All. pedem. no. 1276. — Hall. helv. no. 407. Flowers cream- coloured. Fetid Mountain Milk- Vetch. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. A to I foot. 30 O. sQUAMMULosA (D. C. astr. no. 15. t. 3.) plant stemless and glabrous ; leaves with many pairs of linear leaflets ; scapes shorter than the leaves, each bearing usually 2 or 3 flowers at the apex ; calyxes covered with little scales ; bracteas shorter than the calyx, and are, as well as the stipulas, ciliated ; legumes ovoid. 1/. H. Native of Dahuria, in arid fields at the river Courba. Flowers cream-coloured. ,S'ca/^-calyxed Mountain Milk-Vetch. PI. ^^ to ^ foot. § 2. Verticillaris (from verticillatus, whorled, or in a whorl ; in reference to the leaflets being disposed somewhat in whorls on the petiole). D. C. prod. 2. p)- 279. Leaflets all or for the most part somewhat verticillale, or with 2-3 or 6 rising from the same centre, or dot from the petiole. 31 O. sple'ndens (Dougl. mss.) plant stemless, clothed with silky villi ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acute, crowded; scapes much longer than the leaves ; flowers in interrupted spikes ; bracteas lanceolate-linear, longer than the calyx, silky, as well as the calyxes. 11 . H. Native of North America, about the Red river. Flowers blue, and probably mixed with white. Leaf- lets rising 2-3-4 together from the petiole. Splendid Mountain Milk- Vetch. PI. 1 foot. 32 O. microphy'lla (D. C. astr. no. 20.) plant stemless ; leaflets rising in pairs from the petiole, or somewhat verticillate, oblong, obtuse, hairy beneath ; scape longer tlian the leaves ; spikes ovate; calyxes rather muricated, and woolly. %. H. Native of Siberia, in sandy islands in the river Selenga, and in Lake Baikal. Astragalus microphylius, Pall. astr. 92. t. 76. Phaca microphy'lla. Pail. itin. ed. gall, in 8vo. append, no. 382. t. 90. f 1. Astr. polyphy'llus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1300. Flowers large, purple. This appears to be intermediate between the character of this and the preceding division of the genus. Small-leaved Mountain Milk-Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. A foot. 33 O. Baica'lia (Pers. ench. 2. p. SiiS.) plant stemless ; leaf- lets lanceolate, clothed with silky wool, disposed somewhat ver- ticillately ; scapes pilose, rather longer than the leaves ; flowers few, capitate ; legumes ovate, inflated, acuminated, membranous, pubescent. 1/ . H. Native of Siberia, about Lake Baikal. Astragalus Baicilia, Pall. astr. 93. t. 77. f. 1. Flowers whitish, tinged with blue. Baikal Mountain Milk- Vetch. PI. i to ^ foot. 34 O. Ina'ria (D. C. prod. 2. p. 279.) jjlant stemless; leaf- lets linear, acute, pubescent, in pairs, or 3 or 4 in a whorl ; scape erect, about equal in length to the leaves ; spike capitate, few- flowered ; bracteas rather longer than the calyx, which is pubes- cent. l/.H. Native of Siberia, at the river Ina on the moun- tains of Tegerek, but very rare. Astragalus linarius, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1302. Astr. Inarius, Pall. astr. p. 94. t. 77. f. 2. Flowers purple. Stipulas large, sheathing, silky. Ina Mountain Milk- Vetch. PI. \lo\ foot. 35 O. pu MiLA (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 2. p. 279.) plant K k 2 252 LEGUMINOS^. CXXX. Oxytropis. stemless, dwarf, clothed with silky white hairs ; leaves in pairs, or 3 or 4 in a whorl, linear, acute ; scapes decumbent, longer than the leaves ; spike capitate ; bracteas white and membra- nous, rather longer than the calyx, which is villous. If.. H. Native of Siberia, at the river Ina. Flowers blue, one-half smaller than those of 0. Inaria. The legume, according to Fisclier, is ovate, inflated, mucronate, and pubescent. Z)n'(j;/ Mountain Milk- Vetch. PI. decumbent. 36 O. LANA TA (D. C. astr. no. 26.) plant with a short suffru- ticose stem ; leaflets oblong, clothed with silky down, 4 in a whorl ; stipulas joined together ; scape shorter than the leaves ; flowers capitate ; legumes ovate, turgid, villous, and woolly, hardly bilocular. f; . F. Native of Siberia, on hills. Phaca lanata. Pall. itin. ed. gall, in Svo. append, no. 386. t. 87. f. 2. Phaca Sibirica, Lin. fil. suppl. 326. Astragalus dasyphyllus, Pall. astr. p. 91. t. 75. Flowers purple. Woolly Mountain Milk-Vetch. PI. ^ foot. 37 O. verticilla'ris (D. C. astr. no. 25.) plant stemless ; leaflets linear, acute, acuminated, clothed with silky villi, dis- posed 4 or 6 in a whorl on the petiole ; scape hairy, longer than the leaves ; spikes ovate ; legumes erect, ovate, acuminated, hardly half-bilocular. TJ. H. Native of Siberia. Astragalus vertieillaris, Lin. mant, 275. — Amm. ruth. t. 19. f. 1. Flowers flesh-coloured. /r/(or W-leaflctted Mountain Milk- Vetch. Fl. July. Clt. 1819. PI. i foot. 38 O. i'kostra'ta (D. C. astr. no. 22.) plant stemless ; leaflets linear, inflexed, rather villous, disposed 3 or 4 in a whorl on the petiole ; stipulas very villous ; scapes decumbent, rather longer than the leaves ; flowers capitate ; bracteas shorter than the calyx, which is hairy. 1/ . H. Native of Siberia, in sandy, gra- velly, salt fields about Lake Tarei. Phaca prostr^ta, Lin. fil. suppl. 336. Pall. itin. ed. gall. 8vo. append, no. 303. t. 87. f. 1. Astragalus Dahurieus, Pall. astr. p. 88. t. 72. Legume unknown. Flowers purple or flesh-coloured. Prostrate Mountain Milk- Vetch. PI. prostrate. 39 O. MVRioniY'LLA (D. C. astr. no. 24.) plant stemless ; leaflets subulate, pilose, disposed 4 or 6 in a whorl on the petiole ; scapes erect, longer than the leaves ; flowers disposed in a spike, lower ones rather remote ; bracteas about equal in length to the calyx, which is cylindrical and villous ; legumes erect, cylindrical, acuminated, toraentose, half bilocular. 1(.. H. Native of Siberia, on mountains in sandy places. Phaca my- riophylla, Pall. voy. append, no. 384. t. 86. f. 2. Astragalus myriophy'llus. Pall. astr. p. 87. t. 71. Astr. vertieillaris, Lin. mant. 275. WiUd. spec. 3. p. 1299. There are varieties of this plant with dark-purple, blue, flesh-coloured, and white flowers, and sometimes variegated with these colours. Myriad-leaved Mountain Milk-Vetch. Fl. July, Auo-. Clt 1818. PI. A foot. ° 40 O. oxyphy'lla(D.C. astr.no. 21.) plant stemless; leaflets linear-lanceolate, clothed with silky pubescence, disposed 4 or 5 in a whorl, on the petiole ; scape hairy, about equal in length to the leaves or longer than them ; spikes ovate-oblono- ; le- gumes ovate, inflated, acuminated, pubescent, 1-celled. l/ . H. Native of Siberia and Dahuria, on hills. Phaca oxyphy'lla. Pall, itin. cd. gall, append, no. 380. t. 87. f. 3. Astragalus oxyphyl- lus. Pall. astr. p. 90. t. 74. There are varieties of this species with purple and pale flowers. Sliarp-leaflclted Mountain Milk-Vetch. Fl. July, Aug. Clt 1810. PI. I foot. 41 O. Mt-RtCA^A (D. C. astr. no. 23.) plant stemless ; leaflets linear, glabrous, disposed 4-8 in a kind of whorl on the pe- tiole, young ones muricated beneath as well as the petioles and legumes ; scapes glabrous, about equal in length to the leaves ; bracteas rather longer than the calyx ; spikes of flowers ovate ; legumes lanceolate, arched, acuminated. %. H. Native of Siberia, on mountains at the river Yenesee, and at lake Baikal. Phaca muricata, Lin. suppl. Pall. itin. ed. gall, append, no. 385. t. 89. f. 1. Astragalus muricatus. Pall. astr. p. 89. t. 73. Flowers yellow-, ex Lin. Muricated Mountain Milk-Vetch. PL J to i foot. § 3. TragacantlioidecB (from rpayoc, tragos, a goat, aKnida, akantha, a thorn, and icia, idea, similar; in reference to the plants contained in this section resembling the Goat's-thorn, in being spiny). D. C. 2)rod. 2. 2>- 280. Stems elongated, shrubby. Stipulas adnate. Petioles jierinanent, at length becoming spines. 42 O. TRAGACANTHOiDEs (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 2. p. 280.) stem erect, branched ; petioles becoming hardened into strong spines ; leaves with 5 or 6 pairs of elliptic-oblong leaflets, which are clothed with adpressed silky down on both surfaces ; peduncles few-flowered, length of leaves ; calyx clothed with soft hairs, at length becoming inflated. >j , F, Native of the Altaian mountains, at the river Basehka-us, where it was de- tected by Mardofkin, in July 1822. This is a very elegant plant, having larger flowers than any other species, they are purple. The keel is furnished with a long beak. The legvnnes, according to Fischer, are bladdery, almost globose, acuminated, and hairy. Tragacanth-Ukc Mountain Milk-Vetch. Shrub 1 foot. § 4. Caulescentes (a diminutive of caidis, a stem ; the plants contained in this section are furnished with stems). D. C.prod. 2. J). 280. Stems elongated. Stipulas not adnate to the petiole. Leaflets rising in j^airs froiyi the petiole, not in whorls. * Flowers cream-coloured. 43 O. piLosA (D. C. astr. no. 27.) stems erect, beset with soft hairs as well as the rest of the plant ; leaflets lanceolate, acute ; peduncles axillary, longer than the leaves ; spikes ovate- oblong ; legumes erect, terete, hooked at the apex, villous. %. H. Native of Europe, Tauria, and of Siberia, on moun- tains near the river Oby. Sims, bot. mag. 2483. Astragalus pilosus, Lin. spec. 1065. Jacq. austr. t. 51. Pall. astr. t. SO. Lodd. bot. cab. 544. — Gmel. sib. 4. t. 16. Flowers pale- yellow. Pilose Mountain Milk-Vetch. Fl. June, Aug. CI. 1732. PI. 1 foot. 44 O. Palla'sii (Pers. ench. 2. p. 334. Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. 502.) plant caidescent, prostrate, pubescent or villous ; leaflets oblong-elliptic, acutish; peduncles rather longer than the leaves; spikes capitate ; legumes erect, oblong-terete, mucronate, hairy. 0. H. Native of Tauria, among stones near Sudak. Astra- galus lanatus, Pall. astr. p. 108. t. 81. Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 188. Flowers very pale cream-coloured, much more so than the last species. PrtZ/a/i Mountain Milk-Vetch. Fl. July, Aug, Clt. 1818. PI. prostrate. * * Flowers purple or white. 45 O. TERES (D. C. astr. no. 28.) plant caulescent, erect, almost glabrous ; leaflets linear-oblong, acute, rather pubescent ; peduncles twice the length of the leaves ; flowers few, about 7 or 8, disposed in a loose spike ; legumes erect, cylindrical, mucronate, glabrous. Native of Siberia, at the river Oby, at the place where the Irtiiih falls into it. Corolla purplish-blue. 7'e)c/c-podded Mountain Milk-Vetch. PI. 1 foot. 46 O. flokibu'ndus'(D. C. astr. no. 30.) plant caulescent, erect, rather pilose ; leaflets linear, acute at both ends, pube- rulous ; stipulas lanceolate ; peduncles axillary, at first shorter than the leaves, but at length longer ; flowers spicate ; le- LEGUMINOS^. CXXX. Oxytropis. CXXXI. Astragalus. 253 gumes oblong-subulate, 1 -celled, pubescent. $. 11. Native of Sil)eria, in sandy places along the banks of tlic river Irtish. Astragalus Horibiindus, Pall. astr. p. 47. t. 37. Flowers nu- merous, eU'gaut, of a purplish rose-colour. BundU-jioncrcd Mountain Milk-Vetch. PI. i to 1 foot. 47 O. ola'bra (D. C. astr. no. 31. t- 8.) plant caulescent, prostrate, glabrous ; leaflets lanceolate-elliptic, acuminated ; peduncles much longer than the leaves ; flowers in spikes, re- mote ; legumes pendulous, pubescent. 1^ . H. Native of Si- beria, Altai, and Dahuria. Very like the following. The hairs on the legume are blackish, but the other parts of the plant are clothed with adprcssed pubescence or smooth. G/a6/-oH.f Mountain Milk- Vetch. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. prostrate. 48 O. defle'xa (D. C. astr. no. 32.) plant rather pilose ; stems ascending ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, pubescent ; pedun- cles much longer than the leaves ; flowers disposed in spikes ; legumes pendulous, hairy, 1 -celled, gaping at the apex. %. H. Native of Siberia, about the Baikal on the mountains in cold springs, and North America on the banks of the Saskatchawan. Astragalus deflexus, Pall. act. petr. 1776. t. 15. Lher. stirp. t. 80. A. hians, Jacq. icon. rar. t. 153. Astr. parviflorus. Lam. Astr. rctroflexus, Pall. astr. t. 27. Tiura hians, Mcench. meth. 162. Flowers purple. Z)f/?ejfrf-podded Mountain Milk- Vetch. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1800. PI. 1 foot. 49 O. Fische'ri (D. C. prod. 2. p. 281.) plant caulescent, assurgent, or procumbent, pubescent ; stipulas distinct ; leaflets oblong-linear, rather obtuse ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; flowers spicate, rather distant ; wings obtuse, somewhat emar- ginate ; miicrone of keel elongated, about equal in length to the wings. l/.H. Native of Siberia, on the Altaian mountains. Flowers small, bluish-purple. O. versicolor, Fisch. in litt. but very distinct from Astragalus versicolor. far. /3, macraiilha (D. C. 1. c.) flowers larger and rose-co- loured; leaves and calyxes much more villous. H..V{. Native of Siljeria. Perliaps a proper species. Fischer's Mountain Milk-Vetch. Fl. July, Aug. PL proc. 50 O. VAGINATA (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 2. p. 281.) plant caulescent and ascending, sparingly pubescent ; stipulas concrete ; leaflets elliptic ; peduncles a little longer than the leaves ; spikes of flowers somewhat capitate ; wings retuse ; beak of keel equal in length to the wings. 1/. H. Native of Siberia, on the Altaian mountains at the metal mines. Flowers large, blue. It differs from O. Fischeri macrdniha in the sti- ptdas being joined into one. Legumes unknown. Shcathed-sU\n\\e([ Mountain ^lilk- Vetch. PI. ascending. 51 O. tene'lla (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 2. p. 281.) stems short, diftusc, or procumbent, pubescent ; stipulas concrete ; leaflets elliptic or oblong-linear, acutish, clothed on both surfaces with adpressed silky down ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; flowers disposed in a spike, rather distant ; wings entire ; mu- crone of keel about equal in length to the wings ; legumes nearly terete, acute, straight, 1-celled. %. H. Native of Scythia. Flowers small, bluish-purple. Tender Mountain Milk-vetch. PI. diffuse. 52 O. DicHo'pTERA (D. C. astr. no. 33. exclusive of the sy- nonymes) plant caulescent, ascending, pubescent ; stipulas joined ; leaflets oblong, acute ; peduncles equal in length to the leaves ; flowers capitate ; wings emarginate ; mucrone of keel small. %. H. Native of Siberia. Flowers blue. /"or/t-wwH^'cd Mountain Milk-Vetch. Fl. July. Clt. 1815. PI. ascending. Cult. All the species of this genus are very elegant when in bloom, and being for the most part dwarf evergreen plants, are very proper for ornamenting rock-work, or the front of flower- borders. For this purpose the seeds of the species, whether perennial or annual, should be sown where the plants are to remain, especially those which are intended for rock-work, as it has been observed that no species of this genus thrives after being transplanted. The rarer kinds may be kept in pots, well drained with sherds, in a mixture of peat, sand, and a little loam, and treated as other alpine plants. CXXXI. ASTRA'GALUS (from aorpayaXoc, astragalos, vertebra or talus ; the seeds in the legumes in some species being scjueezed into a squarish form in the legume, or perhaps aoTi/p, asler, a star, and yaXa, gala, milk. It is also the name of a shrub of Greek writers). D. C. astrag. no. 5. ed. maj. p. 22. and p. 79. prod. 2. p. 281. — Astragalus species of Linneus and others. Lin. syst. D'ladelpJua, Dec&ndria. Calyx 5-toothed. Keel of flower obtuse. Stamens diadelphous. Legume bilocular or half bilocular, from the upper suture being bent in so much. — Herbs or subshrubs. The species of this genus are very dis- tinct, but are very difficult to define. The following sections and divisions have been adopted with a view to define them more completely, viz. I. Purpukasce'ntes. Stipulas free from the petiole. Flowers purplish. This section contains the following divisions : Hypo- gloti'ulei, Dissit'ijlori, Onohri/choldci, Sesamei, Vesicarii, and Annidares, see species 1 to 94. II. OcHROLEu'ci. Stipulas free from the petiole. Flowers cream-coloured. To this section belongs the following divisions : Bucerutes, Synochreali, Ciceroidei, Galegiformes, Alopccuroidei, Christitnii, see species 95 to 154. III. Tragacantiia'cei. Stipulas adnate to the petiole. Pe- tioles permanent, usually becoming hardened into spines. To this section belong two divisions, viz. Tragacdnthce and Cliro- nojjodii, see species 155 to 196. IV. PoDOCHREA^Ti. Stipulas adnate to the pctiolcs. Petioles never becoming indurated. To this section the following divi- sions belong, viz. Antliijlloldei, Caprhii, Incani, and Rad'icifiori, see species 197 to 257. Series I. Purpurasce'ntes (so called from the flowers being purple or purplish). D. C. prod. 2. p. 281. Stipulas free from the petiole. Flowers purplish. § 1. Hypoglotl'tdei [yizo, hypo, under, and yXwrra, glollii, a tongue ; in reference to the shape of the pods). D. C. prod. 2.^3.281. Flowers purplish or nhitc. Ulipulas free from the petiole, but joined together, therefore they appear as if they were bifd at the apex and opposite the leaves. 1 A. Hyi'Oglottis (L\n. mant. 274.) stems prostrate, rather hairy ; stipulas ovate, concrete ; leaves with numerous, little, ovate, obtuse, dark-green leaflets, sometimes rather emarginate ; heads of flowers roundish ; peduncles longer than the leaves, ascending ; bracteas one half shorter than the tube of the calyx ; the hairs on the calyxes as well as those on the peduncles are black and white mixed : legumes ovate, deeply channelled along the back, compressed, hairy, hooked at the point, bilocular; cells 1-seeded. 1/ . H. Native of Europe, on hills and mountains, also of Barbary, Tauria, Siberia, North America; and in Britain, uw open mountainous heaths, in a chalky or sandy soil, also on the sea-coast ; upon Newmarket and Koyston heaths, on Swaffliani heath, Norfolk ; Gogmagog hills. Plentiful near Doncaster, on several parts of the sea-coast of Scotland, particularly beyond Nevvhaven, Edinburgh. D. C. astr. no. 18. t. 14. Smith, engl. hot. 274. A. arcnarius, Huds. 323. Oed. fl. dan. 614. Pall. astr. t. 34. A. Danicus, Retz. obs. fasc. 3. p. 41. Hoftm. A. glaux, Vill. Oxytropis montana, Spreng. fl. hal. 207. «ith a figure, ex. Wallr. sched. 329. A. epiglottis, Dicks, hort. sic. fasc. 1-13. 254. LEGUMINOS^. CXXXI. Astragalus. — Rail', syn. 326. t. 12. f. 3. Flowers variegated with purplish, blue, and wliite. Root creeping, woody, though slender. Tongue-under-tongiie or Purple Milk- Vetch Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. prostrate. 2 A. DASYGLOTTis (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 2. p. 282.) plant diffuse, nearly glabrous ; stipulas concrete, opposite the leaves ; leaflets elliptic-oblong, somewhat emarginate ; spikes of flowers capitate ; peduncles a little longer than the leaves ; bracteas about equal in length to the tube of the calyx ; calyx beset with white hairs ; legumes erect, ovate- triquetrous, hairy, disposed in heads ; cells 1 -seeded. 1/ . H. Native of Siberia, on the Altaian mountains. Root creeping. Flowers purple, blue, and white mixed. Very nearly allied to A. hypoglottis. Thick-tongued ov Thick-podded Milk- Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PJ. diffuse. 3 A. purpu'reus (Lam. diet. 1. p. 314.) plant diffuse, pro- cumbent, rather villous ; stipulas concrete, opposite the leaves ; leaflets obovate, bidentate at the apex ; spikes of flowers capi- tate ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; legumes erect, ovate- triquetrous, hairy, disposed in heads ; cells 3-seeded. % . H. Native of Provence, on the mountains. Piedmont, and the Ap- pennines. D. C. astr. no. 17. t. 12. Flowers purplish blue. PMrp/e- flowered Milk-Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Fl. prostrate. 4 A. TENUiFOLius (Desf. atl. 2. p. 186. D. C. astr. no. 10. but not of Lin.) plant decumbent, hoary, and villous ; stipulas concrete, opposite the leaves ; leaflets elliptic-linear, about 15 or 17 pairs; peduncles shorter than the leaves; spikes capitate; vexillum elongated. 1/ . H. Native of Barbary, near Cafza, in sand. Flowers rose-coloured. Legumes unknown. Fine-leaved Milk- Vetch. PI. decumbent. 5 A. LOToiDES (Lam. diet. 1. p. 316.) plant prostrate, gla- brous ; stipidas not known ; leaves with about 4 or 5 pairs of obovate, nearly obcordate leaflets ; flowers 4 or 5 in an umbel ; peduncles length of leaves ; legumes prismatic, triquetrous, erect, subulate at the apex. 0. H. Native of China. A. Sinicus, Lin. mant. 103. Sims, bot. mag. 1350. Flowers rose- coloured. Lamarck's name has been adopted in preference to that of Linnajus in consequence of its being more expressive of the habit of the plant, and to prevent its being confounded with ■ A. Chinensis. The specimen in the Linnaean herbarium under the name of A. Sinicus is certainly a species of Coronilla very near C, varia. Zo/u4-iiA-e Milk-Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1763. PI. pr. 6 A. vici^FORMis (D. C. astr. no. 19.) plant trailing and clothed with adpressed pubescence; stipulas half-concrete ; leaves with from 10-15 pairs of obovate or obcordate leaflets; spikes 5-7-flowered ; peduncles angular, a little longer than the leaves ; legumes oblong, acute, erect, villous, i;. H. Native of Cap- padocia. A. humifusus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1286. Flowers bluish-purple. I'icia-formed Milk-Vetch. PI. trailing. 7 A. oNOBRYCHioiDEs (Bieb. casp. 185. fl. taur. 2. p. 184.) plant rather diffuse, suffruticose at the base, clothed with ad- pressed pubescence ; stipulas concrete, opposite the leaves ; leaves with 8-10 pairs of elliptic leaflets; spikes of flowers capitate, on long peduncles ; vexillum linear, longer than the wings ; legumes ovate-oblong, erect, villous, terminating in a hooked point, t;. H. Native of Iberia, Persia, and Cauca- sus. A. canescens, D. C. astr. no. 39. t. 16. A. cephalotes. Pall. astr. no. 32. t. 24. Flowers beautiful purple. Sainlfoin-Uke M\\k-Yetch. Fl. July. Clt. 1819. PI. diff. 8 A. BicoLOR (Lam. diet. 1. p. 317.) plant almost stemless, suffrutescent, hoary ; stipulas concrete, opposite the leaves ; leaves with from 6-9 pairs of oblong-linear leaflets ; spikes of flowers capitate ; peduncles twice the length of the leaves ; ca- lyxes villous, 5-cleft ; legumes villous. Tl . H. Native of Armenia, D. C. astrag. no. 41. Flowers white and purple in the same head, according to Tournefort, cor. 28. Tji'o-co/oi^rerf-flowered Milk- Vetch. PI. ^ foot. 9 A. na'nus (D. C. astr. no. 40. t. 17.) plant almost stemless, frutescent, canescent ; stipulas concrete, opposite the leaves ; leaves with 6-7 pairs of ovate leaflets ; spikes of flowers capi- tate, on short peduncles ; legumes ovate-oblong, pubescent. y. . H. Native of Syria. Flowers purple. Divnrf Milk-Vetch. PI. J to i foot. 10 A. psoRALEOiDES (Lam. diet. 1. p. 317.) plant with short stems, ascending, suffrutescent and canescent ; stipulas concrete, opposite the leaves; leaves with 6-9 pairs of linear-oblong leaf- lets , flowers capitate at first, but at length spicate, longer than the leaves ; legumes oblong, very hairy. Ij . F. Native of the Levant. D. C. astr. no. 42. t. 18. f. 2. Flowers blue or purplish blue. Psoralea-like Milk- Vetch. PI. | foot. 11 A. ALLYSsoiDEs (Lam. dict. 1. p. 317.) plant with short, ascending, suffrutescent stems, hoary ; stipulas concrete, oppo- site the leaves ; leaves with from 5-10 pairs of linear-oblong leaflets ; spikes of flowers somewhat cylindrical, on peduncles, which are twice the length of the leaves ; legumes ovate, acute, pubescent, 4-seeded. 1/ . F. Native of the Levant. D. C. astr. no. 43. t. 18. f. 1. Flowers small, of a dirty-white colour. Madmort-ltke Milk- Vetch. PI. i foot. 12 A. LAsioGLOTTis (Stev. in Bieb. suppl. 486.) plant ascend- ing, hoary from adpressed hairs ; stipulas concrete, opposite the leaves ; spikes of flowers capitate, on long peduncles ; vexillum elongated, emarginate ; legumes rather ovate-globose, acute, woolly. 1/ . F. Native of Caucasus, in stony, exposed places. Flowers purple. Allied to A. onobrychiuides. IVooUy-iongued^lWk-V elch. PI. ascending. 13 A. LEONTiNus (Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 153.) plant diffuse, suf- fruticose at the base, clothed with hairs, which are fixed by their centre ; stipulas concrete, but usually free at length ; leaves with 6-12 pairs of ovate leaflets ; flowers disposed in heads ; pedun- cles trigonal, longer than the leaves; legumes ovate, villous. %. H. Native of Austria and Switzerland, on mountains. D. C. astr. no. 20. Lodd. bot. cab. 432. Flowers blue. Vex- illum a little longer than the wings. ZzWs-\x\eA Milk- Vetch. PI. 1 foot. 24- A. VERSICOLOR (Pall. astr. no. 48. t. 35.) plant erect and glabrous ; stipulas concrete, opposite the leaves ; leaflets linear, acute ; peduncles bearing a crowded spike of flowers each, which is longer than the leaves ; flowers drooping ; legumes triquetrous, erect, glabrous. 2/ . H. Native of eastern Si- beria, on rocks. Flowers pale-blue at first, but at length chang- ing to a deeper blue. It is probably not distinct from A. va- ginatus. Parliz-coloured-Rowercd Milk-Vetch. PI. ^ to 1 foot. 25 A. Tau'ricus (Pall. astr. no. 51. t. 38. exclusive of the synonymes) plant spreading and tufted, clothed with adpressed silky down ; leaflets linear, acute ; stipulas membranous, con- crete, opposite the leaves ; peduncles spicate, thrice the length of the leaves ; legumes ovate, acute, 2-4-seeded. % . H. Na- tive of Tauria, in gravelly or chalky places. Flowers purple, varying to white, ex Bieb. taur. 2. p. 192. Oxytropis Tauri- cus, Pers. ench. exclusive of the synonymes. A. cretaceus, Pall. ined. taur. Taurian Milk-Vetch. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1826. PI. 4 to 1 ft. §2. Dissitijlori (from dissitus, distant, and^o*, a flower ; in re- ference to the flowers being distant in the racemes). D. C. prod. Z. p. 284. Stii-nlas distinct, not adhering to the petiole. Flowers purplish or white, distant in the racemes. Legumes straight. 26 A. Austri'acus (Lin. spec. 1070.) plant difl^usely pro- cumbent ; leaflets glabrous, linear, truncately-emarginate ; ra- cemes pedunculate, longer than the leaves ; wings of corolla bifid ; legumes somewhat triquetrous, pendulous. Tf. . H. Na- tive of Spain, Dauphiny, Austria, Italy, Tauria, in dry exposed places, and of Russia, on the banks of the Volga. Jacq. austr. 195. Viml. 263. D. C. astr. no. 1. A. dichopterus. Pall, astr. t. 39. Allied to Oxijtropis dichoplera. Flowers with a blue vexillum, but the rest purple. ^«4odded Milk-Vetch. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. dif. 88 A. coRNicHLATus (Bieb. pi. ross. cent. 1. t. 45. ex suppl. fl. taur. 492.) plant procumbent, suftruticose, hoary, and pilose ; leaflets linear ; peduncles longer than the leaves, few-flowered ; flowers umbellate ; legumes subulate, triquetrous, rather arched, and much spreading. 1/. T; . H. Native of Bessarabia, about Odessa, and of the south of Podolia. Flowers purple. Horned-iwddcd Milk-Vetch. PI. procumbent. 39 A. ceratoi'des (Bieb. suppl. 492.) plant depressed, clothed with silky villi ; leaflets oblong-elliptic ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; racemes somewhat capitate ; legumes subulate, triquetrous, erect, 4-times longer than the 'calyx, clothed with adpressed bristles. %. H. Native of Siberia, on the Altaian mountains. A. subulatus Altaicus, Pall. astr. no. 27. t. 20. A. Flowers purple. //or?i-/;7ce-podded Milk-Vetch. PL depressed. 40 A. MACROLOBUs (Bieb. suppl. 493.) plant depressed, clothed with white adpressed hairs ; leaflets oblong-elliptic ; peduncles rather longer than the leaves ; racemes somewhat capitate ; le- gumes subulate, triquetrous, erect, beset with adpressed bristles, thrice the length of the calyx. 1/. H. Native of Siberia, on the Altaian mountains, and on the banks of the Yenesee, in the Kirghisean-steppe. Flowers white. Long-podded Milk- Vetch. PI. depressed. 41 A. virga'tis (Pall. astr. t. 18. exclusive of the synonymes,) plant erect, suffruticose, rather canescent ; leaves with about 6 pairs of linear-lanceolate acute leaflets ; racemes spicate, much elongated ; the lower flowers very remote ; legumes oblong, tri- quetrous, twice the length of the calyx. Ij . 1/ . H. Native of Hungary, Tauria, Tartary, at the Volga, and at the Caspian sea, in sandy places. A. varius, Gmel. jun. trav. 2. p. 116. t. 17. D. C. astr. no. 34. A. virg^tus, Bieb. fl. taur. and suppl. no. 465. Flowers purple. Far. ft, Uralensis (D. C. prod. 2. p. 285.) stems shorter than the peduncles ; racemes few-flowered. Ij . 2/ . H. Native of the Ural mountains. A. subulatus, Uralensis, Pall. astr. t. 20. C. ex Bieb. suppl. 493. Perhaps a proper species. Tniggy Milk- Vetch. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1806. PI. 1 to S feet. 42 A. Hyrca'nus (Pall. astr. no. 29. t. 22.) plant erect, suf- fruticose, pubescent ; leaves with 3 pairs of linear acute leaflets ; racemes usually 5-flowered, hardly longer than the leaves ; le- gumes oblong, mucronate, vdlous, twice the length of the calyx. 1/ . f; . H. Native on the shores of the Caspian sea, at Derbent. Flowers purple. Perhaps only a variety of A. virgatus accord- ing to Bieberstein. Hijrcanian Milk-Vetch. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 43 A. brachy'lobus (D. C. prod. 2. p. 285.) plant erectish ; shrubby at the base, clothed with adpressed silky white down ; leaves with 2-3 pairs of linear acute leaflets ; racemes peduncu- late, much longer than the leaves, 6-8-flowered ; legumes oblong, pubescent, mucronate by the style, hardly longer than the calyx. t; . H. Native of Siberia, at Lake Inderskoi. Flowers purple ? Allied toy^. virgatus according to Fischer. Leaflets 12-15 lines long. Short-podded Milk- Vetch. PI. 1 foot. 44 A. ANNULS (D. C. astr. no. 25.) plant rather diffuse, and rather glabrous ; leaflets linear ; racemes longer than the leaves ; flowers spreading; vexillum twice the length of the wings. Q. H. Native country as well as the legumes miknown. Perhaps belonging to a different section of the genus. Annual Milk -Vetch. PL diffuse. 45 A. BiFLORus (Viv. fl. lyb. 44. t. 20. f. 1.) plant erect, clothed with canescent hairs ; stipidas very short ; leaves with 5-6 pairs of elliptic leaflets ; peduncles longer than the leaves, usually bearing only 2 flowers; calyx covered with stiff black hairs. ©. H. Native of Cyrenaica. Flowers blue. The legume being unknown, the place which the plant should occupy in the genus is doubtful. LEGUMINOSili, CXXXI. Astragalus. 257 Two-Jlowercd Milk-Vetch. PI. ^ to 1 foot. § 3. Oiiobri/cliohici (from onohrijclns, sairitfoin, and idea, like. Tlie plants contained in the division agree with Saint/oin in habit). D. C. prod. 2. p. 28 J. Slipiilas distinci, and free from the piliulcs. F/otrcrs purplish, disposed in dense spikes or heads, leiiltum of Jhm'ers linear and elongated. Legumes straight, rarely fahate. Roots perennial. * Legumes curved. 46 A. leptopuv'lli's (Desf. atl. 2. p. 188. t. 207.) ))lant procumbent, siiflTrutcscent, and rather pubescent ; leaflets obcor- date; racemes longer than the leaves; le^iumes pendulous, fal- cate, compressed, when young pubescent. 1/. H. Native of Barbary, on the mountains. A. Tunetiinus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1277. Flowers white. Slender-leaved M[\k-Yetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1811. PI. lirocumbent. 47 A. ornitiiopouioi'des (Lam. diet. 1. p. 312.) plant suf- fruticose, tufted and diffuse, hoary and villous ; leaflets ovate ; racemes longer than the leaves ; legumes pendulous, falcate, compressed. l/.H. Native of Armenia. Flowers yellowish. D. C. astr. no. 4. Ornilhopus-like Milk-Vetch. PI. diffuse. 48 A. Daiiu'ricus (D. C. prod. 2. p. 285.) plant herbaceous, erect, pilose ; stipulas lanceolate-subulate ; leaflets oblong, mu- cronate, 7-9 pairs; racemes longer than the leaves; legumes erect, incurved, linear, compressed, rather pilose. 1f..li. Na- tive on the banks of rivers from Dahuria to China. Galega Dahurica, Pall. itin. 3. append, no. 107. t. W. f. 1. ed. gall, append, no. 369. t. 81. f. 3. Flowers purple. The teeth of the calyx are subulate, as in Galega, but tiie stamens are diadel- phous, and the legumes arc bilocular. Z)n/(Kr;o« Milk-Vetch. Fl. July. Clt. 1822. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 49 A. LENTiGiNosus(Dougl. mss.) plant smooth, prostrate; sti- pulas membranous, distinct ; leaflets obovate-roundish ; racemes about the length of the leaves ; legumes smooth, inflated, curved at the end, and ending in a long beak. 1(. . H. Native of North West America, on the Blue mountains. Flowers apparently purple. Freckled Milk-Vetch. PI. | foot. 50 A. Stevenia\i:s (D. C. prod. 2. p. 285.) plant erect, glabrous, slender, few-leaved ; leaflets linear, distant, 4 or 5 pairs; spikes pedunculate, few-flowered, longer than the leaves; flowers rather distant ; legumes linear, elongated, falcate, slen- der, acute, and glabrous. 1/. H. Native of Iberia, Cau- casus, and Asia Minor. A. gracilis, Stev. ined. but not of Nutt. Flowers purple, almost like those of A. onobrychis, but the habit of the plant is that of.'/, viirius. Steven's Milk- Vetch. PL 1 foot. * * Legumes straight. 51 A. macrosta'ciiys (D. C. astr. no. 38. t. 15.) plant shrubby, erect, pubescent; leaves with about 12 or 14 pairs of linear leaflets ; spikes pedunculate, elongated, many- flowered, much longer than the leaves ; vexillum longer than the wings; legumes ovate, compressed, hairy. %. H. Native of Armenia. A. hedysaroides, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1264. Pers. ench. 2. p. 337. no. 46. and Oxytropis hedysaroides, Pers. ench. 2. p. 334. no. 44. Calyx tubular, pilose. Flowers purple. Long-spiked Milk- Vetch. PI. | foot. 52 A. LiNEARiiOLius(Pers. ench. 2. p. 336.) plant erect, pu- bescent; leaflets linear, acute, about 10 or 12 pairs; racemes nnich longer than the leaves ; vexillum broad, twice the length of the wings. %. U. Native of Siberia. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 73. A. Onobrychis angustifolius, D. C. astr. no. 24. A. tenui- folius, Lin. spec. 1065. Flowers purple. VOL. 11. Linear-leafletled Milk- Vetch. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 17H0. PI. 1 foot. 53 A. PECTIN a'tcs (Dougl. mss.) plant erect, pubescent; leaf- lets filiform; racemes dense flowered, pedunculate, longer than the leaves ; bracleas a litile longer than the pedicels. l/.II. Native of North America, in the pastures of the Saskatch.awan, etc. Phiica pectiuata. Hook. fl. bor. amer, 141. t. 54. Flowers large, ))urple. /^(c/i/in/crf-leaved Milk-Vetch. PI. 1 foot. 54 A. onobryViiis (Lin. spec. 1070,) plant diffuse or erect, pubescent; leaves with 7-16 pairs of oblong leaflets ; spikes of flowers oblong-ovate, pedunculate, longer than the leaves ; vex- illum linear, twice tlie length of tlie wings ; legumes ovate, tri- quetrous, rather villous, erect, twice the length of the calyx, ending in a straight point; cells 4-seeded. '^.H. Native of Europe and Siberia. 1). C. astr. no. 24. Bieb. fl. taur. no. 14S2. Flowers purple. An elegant plant. Of all the varieties there are white flowers. J'ar. a, alphius (D. C. prod. 2. p. 286.) plant dwarf; leaflets linear; spikes ovate. 1/. H. Native of Austria. Jacq. fl. austr. t. 38. Plant procumbent. I ar. ji, Muldtlvicus (D. C. 1. c.) plant dwarf; leaflets ovate- oblong, glabrous ; spikes of flowers ovate. If.. H. Native of Moldavia. Plant procumbent. I ar. y, microphijllus (Bess, in litt. D. C. I. c.) plant dv\arf; leaflets linear; spikes of flowers ovate-oblong. ^.H. Native of Podolia. Plant procumbent. far. S, major (D. C. 1. c.) plant erect ; leaflets ovate or ob- long; sjjikes of flowers oblong. 'J<;.H. Native of Siberia. A. onobrychis stipulaceus et miiximus, D. C. astr. no. 24. — Gmel. sib. 4. t. 21. ;5'«;h(/o;h-/;Ay' Milk-Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1640. PI. 1^ foot, or procumbent. 55 A. adu'ncus (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 195. plant, ross. cent. 2. t. 80.) plant diffuse and hoary ; leaves with 5-10 pairs of elliptic small leaflets ; spikes short, pedunculate, longer than the leaves ; vexillum much longer than the wings ; legumes ovate-oblong, rather villous, ending in a long oblique acumen. If.. H. Native of Caucasus, among broken rocks. Flowers purple. Very like the preceding species. //ooiW-podded Milk- Vetch. Fl. Jime, July. Clt. 1819. PI. diffuse. 56 A. fla'ccidus (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 196.) plant procum- bent and villous ; leaves with 8 or 10 pairs of elliptic, somewhat emarginate leaflets ; spikes few-flowered, pedunculate, about equal in length to the leaves ; vexillum much longer than the wings ; legumes triquetrous, prismatic, erect, acute, hairy. 1/. H. Native of Iberia, very common. A. hybridus, Gmel. trav. 1. t. 18. ? A. vimineus var. Pall. astr. no. 28. Flowers purple. Legume bent downwards at the apex. Flaccid Milk- Vetch. PI. procimibcnt. 57 A. vimi'neus (Pall. astr. no. 28. t. 21.) plant erect, suf- fruticose ; leaves with 4-6 pairs of lanceolate acute leaflets ; spikes somewhat capitate, pedunculate, longer than the leaves ; vexillum much longer than the wings ; legumes spreading ; ob- long-lanceolate, villous, apiculated by the style. Ij . H. Native of Siberia, Iberia, and about Odessa. A. corniUus, Pall. itin. 2. app. p. 499. no. 122. A. Odessinus, Bess. enum. no. 944. ex cont. 2. no. 1575. Stems glabrous. Leaves beset with adpres- sed pubescence. Calyx clothed with black hairs. Corolla pur- ple ? Legume clothed with while hairs. T?i>iggy Mi\k-Vi;tch. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 foot. 58 A. FRUTicosus (Pall. astr. no. 26. t. 19. but not of Forsk.) plant shrubby, erect; leaves with 8-10 pairs of linear-lanceo- late acute leaflets ; spikes capitate, few-flowered, pedunculate, longer than the leaves ; vexillum much longer than the wings ; L 1 258 LEGUMINOS^. CXXXI. Astragalus. legumes erect, oblong-lanceolate, villous, apiculated by the style. \2 . F. Native of Eastern Siberia, and beyond the Baikal. D. C. astr. no. 27.— Gmel. sib. 4. t. 24.. f. A. Flowers white, tipped with purple. Very like the preceding species. ,S'Ar«% Milk- Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. ISOi. Sh. 1 ft. 59 A. ARBu'scuLA (Pall. astr. no. 24. t. 17.) plant erect, shrubhy ; leaves with 3 pairs of linear acute leaflets ; spikes of flowers capitate, pedunculate, twice the length of the leaves ; vexillum much longer than the wings ; legumes spreading, elon- gated, linear, channelled on the back, clothed with adpressed pubescence. ^ . F. Native of Siberia, in the Kirghisean steppe. Flowers purple. Habit of the two preceding species. Little-tree Milk- Vetch. Shrub. 60 A. suFFRUTicosus (D. C. astr. no. 5. exclusive of the sy- nonymes,) plant diffuse, suffruticose, villous ; leaflets ovate-ob- long, 7-10-pairs; spikes capitate, few-flowered, pedunculate, about equal in length to the leaves ; vexillum a little longer than the wings ; calyx rather inflated and villous. '^ . F. Native of Siberia, beyond the Baikal. Flowers purple. Perhaps this species belongs to a different section. Suffruticose Milk-Vetch. Shrub. 61 A. aborigino'rum (Richards, in Frankl. journ. append, p. 746.) plant suffruticose, erect ; leaves with 5 pairs of lanceolate- linear hoary-pubescent leaflets ; racemes axillary, loose, exceed- ing the leaves. f; . H. Native of Arctic America. Flowers white or bluish ; the keel decidedly blue. The roots are long and yellow like liquorice. The Crees and Stone Indians gather them in the spring as an article of food. Aborigins Milk- Vetch. Shrub 1 foot. 62 A. adsu'rgens (Pall. astr. no. 44. t. 31.) plant ascending, smoothish ; leaves with 11-12 pairs of lanceolate acute leaflets ; stipulas acuminated, length of leaves ; spikes of flowers oblong, pedunculate, longer than the leaves ; vexillum longer than the wings ; legumes oblong, terete, and somewhat tetragonal, sul- cate on the hack, apiculated by the style, erect, clothed with ad- pressed pubescence. %. H. Native of Siberia beyond the Baikal. Flowers bluish purple. Var. (i, prostrtilus (Fisch. hort. gor.) stems prostrate. 1/ . H. Native of Siberia about Irkultsk. ^MHcg-™/ Milk- Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. asc. 63 A. laxma'nni (Jacq. hort. vind. 3. p. 37.) plant erect or diffuse, smoothish ; leaves with 11-13 pairs of oblong-lanceolate leaflets ; spikes of flowers pedunculate, oblong, longer than the leaves ; vexillum much longer than the wings ; legumes oblong, trigonal, miicronate, having a furrow on the back. 1/ . H. Na- tive of Siberia and North America, on the plains of the Missouri river. Flowers pale-purple or pale-bhie. A. Laxmanni of Pall, astr. t. 30. differs in its more rigid habit. The American plant appears to be upright. Jacquin's one is procumbent. ZrtJ.HH(;i«'4- Milk-Vetch. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1804. PI. li foot or procumbent. 64 A. AGRESTis (Dougl. mss.) stem erect, smooth ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, beset with adpressed hairs ; peduncles elongated, longer than the leaves ; spikes of flowers capitate ; calyx villous ; bractcas lanceolate, not half so long as the calyx. 2/ . H. Native of North America, near the Columbia river in fields. Flowers purple. Field Milk-Vetch. PI. 1 foot. 65 A. dorycnioi'des (Dougl. mss.) plant erect, densely clothed with hoary ^ilky villi ; leaflets obovate-linear, obtuse ; calyx smooth; racemes longer than the leaves. "H. H. Native of North America, near the Columbia river. Flowers purple. An elegant plant. Dorycnium-like Milk-Vetch. PI. 1 foot. 66 A. microca'rpus (D. C. astr. no. 29.) plant erect, gla- brous ; leaves with 10-12 pairs of elliptic leaflets ; spikes of flowers capitate, pedunculate, equal in length to the leaves ; vexillum oblong, a little longer than the wings ; legumes ovate, compressed, pubescent, rather acute. "H-W. Native of Siberia, in plains near the river Oby. Flowers purple. Small-fruited Milk- Vetch. PI. 1 foot. 67 A. barbatus (Lam. diet. 1. p. 314.) plant erect, clothed with canescent hairs ; leaves with 6-8 pairs of linear-lanceolate leaflets ; spikes of flowers ovate, on short peduncles ; teeth of calyx subulately-filiform, longer than the corolla, clothed with stiff villi ; vexillum linear, much longer than the wings. %. H, Native of Armenia. D. C. astr. no. 12. A. hispidus, Labill. syr. dec. 1. t. 8. Flowers purple. Bearded Milk-Vetch. PI. i foot. 68 A. Labrado'ricus (D. C. prod. 2. p. 287.) plant procum- bent, clothed with minute pubescence ; leaflets ovate ; spikes of flowers pedunculate ; legumes secund, straight, acuminated at both ends, pendulous. % . H. Native of the north of Canada and of Labrador. A. secundus, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 67. but not of D. C. Flowers of a deep purple-colour. Perhaps belonging to a different section. Labrador Milk-Vetch. PI. procumbent. 69 A. MissouRiE'NSis(Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 99.) plant almost stendess, rather diffuse, clothed with canescent villi ; stipulas ovate; leaves with 5-10 pairs of small obovate-elliptic leaflets ; spikes of flowers capitate, standing on peduncles, which are a little longer than the leaves ; calyx covered with black hairs ; legumes oblong, acuminated, transversely-dilated, nearly glabrous, half- bilocular. l/.H. Native of Upper Louisiana, on hills about the Missouri. Oxy'tropis argentatus, Pursh, fl. sept. amer. 2. p. 473. exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers purple, but there is a variety with white flowers also. Perhaps belonging to a different section. Missmri Milk- Vetch. PI. ^ foot. 70 A. caryoca'rpus (Ker. hot. reg. t. 176.) plant having nu- merous, prostrate, assurgent stems, rising from the same root, clothed in every part with hoary-silky down ; stipulas ovate, acute; leaves with 9-12 pairs of elliptic leaflets; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; racemes loose-flowered ; legumes nut- formed, inflated, fleshy, mucronate, glabrous, many-seeded. l/.H. Native of Louisiana. A. crassicarpus, Fras. cat. 1813. A. carnosus, Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 100. but not of Pursh. Flowers of a p.ile-vioiet colour. Perhaps belonging to a different division of the genus. Nut-fruited MiXk-V etch. Fl. June, July. PI. prostrate. § 4. SesHmei {Semsen is the Arabic name of some species). D. C. prod. 2. p. 287. Stipulas distinct, not adhering to the petiole. Flowers purplish, disposed in dense spikes or heads. Legumes straight, Moots annual. 71 A. PENTAGLOTTis (Lin. mant. 274.) plant diffusely-procum- bent, rather villous ; stipulas ovate ; leaves with 4-9 pairs of obovate retusely-emarginate leaflets ; peduncles rather longer than the leaves ; legumes half- ovate, somewhat triquetrous, echinated with tubercles, which are usually piliferous, disposed in heads ; cells 1-celled. ©. H. Native of Spain and Barbary, on hills. D. C. astr. no. 16. Cav. icon. t. 188. A. cristatus, Gouan. ill. 59. A. echinatus. Lam. A. procumbens, Mill. A. dasyglottis. Pall. Flowers blue and white. Five-tongued or Five-podded Milk-Vetch. Fl. Ju. Jul. PL pr. 72 A. GLAUX (Lin. spec. 1097.) plant procumbent, clothed with canescent villi ; stipulas ovate-lanceolate ; leaves with 8-13 pairs of small, oblong, acutish leaflets ; peduncles longer than the leaves; vexillum linear; legumes erect, ovate, triquetrous, mucro- nate, villous, disposed in heads ; cells 1 -seeded. ©. H. Native of Spain and the south of France, in arid places. D. C. astr. no. 22. — Clus. hist. 2. p. 242. with a figure. Allied to the smaller LEGUMINOS^. CXXXI. Astragalus. 259 variety of //. hijpoglolUs, but ilifters in the stipulas being free, not connate. I'lowcis purplisli. il/(7/HW< Milk-Vetch. Tl. June, July. Clt. 159C. PI. pro- cumbent. 73 A. oxYCL6TTis(Stev. in Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 192.) plant dif- fuse, puberulous ; stipulas subulate ; leaves having 5-9 pairs of oblonsT emarginatc leaflets ; peduncles length of leaves, or rather shorter ; legumes sulcate, acute, rather hoary, disposed in stellate heads; cells 6-seeded. ©. H. Native of Tauria, on hills about Sudak. A. seskmeus. Pall. astr. no. 10k exclusive of the sy- nonymes. Flowers unknown, but jirobably blue. Sliarp-loiigiied or Sharp-podded Milk-Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI. difluse. 74 A. rsiLOGLOTTis (Stev. in lilt. D. C. prod. 2. p. 288.) plant diffuse or rather procumbent ; stipulas linear-subulate ; leaflets cuneated, emarginate, 6 or 8 pairs, smootliish ; peduncles one-half shorter than the leaves, and are, as well as the stems, hoary ; legumes spreading, crowded, furrowed, acute, glabrous ; cells S-4-secded. ©. H. Native about Astracan. Flowers probably purplish. Perhaps this and the preceding species are rcferrible to division six, Anmdares. Smoolh-toiigucd or Smooth-podded Milk- Vetch. PI. spread. 75 A. cricia'tus (Link, enum. 2. p. 256.) plant procumbent, hoary, and villous ; stipulas lanceolate ; leaves with G-8 pairs of oblong-linear acutish leaflets ; peduncles a little shorter than the leaves ; legumes between terete and compressed, dilated at the base, clothed with adpressed villi, and disposed in stellate heads ; cells 5-7 -seeded. ©. H. Native of Egypt and Siberia. A. Stella, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 191. ex Fisch. in litt. Flowers vio- laceous ? Croii-podded Milk-Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PL procumbent. 70 A. ste'lla (Gouan. ill. 50.) plant diffusely procumbent, clothed with hoary villi ; stipulas lanceolate; leaves with 8-10 pairs of elliptic-oblong leaflets; peduncles length of leaves or shorter ; legumes almost terete, furrowed on the back, mucro- nate, hairy, at first in a head, but at length becoming stellately disposed; cells 5-10-seeded. O- H. Native of the south of France and of the north of Africa, in arid places. D. C. astr. no. 7. — Lob. icon. 2. t. 83. Flowers bluish-purple. There is a variety of this plant with acute leaflets. ^/ar-podded Milk-Vetch. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1658. PI. pr. 77 A. TRiBtJLoiDEs (Delill. ill. fl. asgyp. p. 22.) plant diffusely procumbent, or almost stemless, clothed with hoary villi ; sti- pulas lanceolate ; leaves with 7-9 pairs of elliptic-oblong leaflets ; heads of flowers axillary, sessile ; legumes nearly terete, hairy, furrowed on the back, disposed in stellate heads ; cells 5-7- seeded. ©. H. Native of Egypt, in deserts. Perhaps dis- tinct from A. tribuloldes of Roth, in Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 703. Flowers purplish. Ca/?ro;3-/;/.e Milk-Vetch. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1817. PI. pr. 78 A. sesa'meus (Lin. spec. 10G8.) plant diffuse, villous, and rather canescent ; stipulas lanceolate ; leaves with 9-10 pairs of elliptic, emarginate leaflets ; heads of flowers axillary, sessile ; le- gumes erect, nearly terete, acuminated, villous, furrowed on the back, disposed in heads; cells 7-8-sceded. ©. H. Native of the south of Europe and the north of Africa. D. C. astr. no. 8. A. stellatus, Riv. tetr. irr. t. 106.— Garid. aix. t. 12. Flowers bluish purple. iWawe-like Milk- Vetch. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1816. PI. diff. § 5. Veskarii (from vesica, the bladder ; in reference to the calj-xes in all the species contained in this division being in- flated), p, C. prod. 2. p. 288. Stipulas distinct, not adhering to the petiole, f loners purplish or white. Calyxes bladdery. 79 A. linea'tus (Lam. diet. 1. p. 314.) plant diffusely pros- trate, clothed with villous pubescence; leaves with 8-10 jjairs of elliptic-oblong leaflets ; ))eduncles longer than the leaves ; calyxes bladdery, rather villous, lined, and contracted at the mouth, inclosing the legume, which is pilose. ©. H. Native of the Levant. Vahl. symb. 1. p. 59. D. C. astr. no. 14. t. 11. f. 1. Flowers purplish. //j»e(/-calyxed Milk-Vetch. PI. prostrate. 80 A. MEG.vLANTiuis (D. C. astr. no. 58. t. 20.) plant diffuse, rather hoary from adpressed down ; leaflets oblong-elliptic ; pe- duncles shorter than the leaves ; calyxes inflated, clothed with black adpressed down ; legumes very hairy, length of calyx. 1/. H. Native of Siberia, about Zmeof. Cajanus mcgalan- thus, Spreng. Flowers large, pale. Stipulas sometimes joined together at the very base. Said to be nearly allied to A. uni- fidtus. Large-Lowered Milk-Vetch. PI. diffuse. 81 A. vesica" Rius (Lin. spec. 1071.) plant diffusely procum- bent, hoary from adpressed silky down ; leaves with 5-7 pairs of elliptic leaflets ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; calyx bladdery, clothed with black adpressed down, and long white spreading hairs ; legumes hairy, a little longer than the calyx. "l/. . H. Native of the south of France, Hungary, and Tauria, in rugged exposed places. Vill. dauph. t. 42. f. 1. D. C. astr. no. 15. All. pedem. no. 1269. t. 80. f 1. A. albidus, Waldst. et. kit. pi. hung. 1. t. 40. A. glaucus, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 186. A. dealbatus. Pall. astr. t. 23. f. 1. Flowers having the vex- illum purple, the wings yellow, and the keel white, tipped with yellow, rarely with all the petals cream-coloured. Bliiddery-ca\yx.e(.l Milk-Vetch. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1737. PI. diffuse. 82 A. albicau'lis (D. C. astr. no. 59. t. 21.) plant tufted and erectish, suffruticose at the base, canescent from adpressed down; leaves with 3-4 pairs of ovate leaflets ; peduncles a little longer than the leaves ; calyxes bladdery, clothed with adpressed black down ; legumes hairy, ovate, compressed. 1/ . H. Native of Russia, between the Volga and the Don, at Sarepta, also of Caucasus and Tauria. A. dealbatus. Pall. astr. no. 30. t. 23. f. 2 and 3. Willd. spec. 3. p. 1263. Bieb. fl. taur. no. 1463. Oxytropis dealbatus, Pers. Flowers white or pale yellow. White-stemmed Milk-Vetch. PI. | foot. 83 A. arge'nteus (Bertol. ined. ex Vis. pi. dalm. in hot. zeit. p. 18.) plant silky ; stems diffusely procumbent, herba- ceous, permanent at the base ; peduncles terminal, very long, and loosely racemose ; leaves with 5-7 pairs of linear leaflets ; stipulas distinct ; wings entire, shorter than the vexillum ; le- gume straight, terete, acuminated. 11 . H. Native of Dalmatia. Nearly allied to A. vesicarius but differs in the legumes being terete and silky. Silvery Milk- Vetch. PI. procumbent. § 6. Anmilcires (from annularis, of a ring ; in reference to the shape of the legumes which are twisted into the form of a ring). D. C, prod. 2. J)- 289. Stijmlas distinct, not adhering to the j)etiole. Flowers ptirjilish or nhite. Legumes arched. Roots annual. 84 A. Nlttallia'nus (D. C. prod. 2. p. 289.) plant decum- bent ; leaflets elliptic, emarginate ; peduncles 2-flowered, longer than the petioles ; legumes falcate, having 2 keels, glabrous ; seeds truncate. ©• ? S • 1 %■'! H. Native of North America, in plains at Rod river. A. micriintluis, Nutt. in journ. ac. nat. philad. 1821. p. 122. but not of Desv. Stem a span long. Flowers blue. A'«»fl/ri Milk- Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. PI. dec. 85 A. cymb.eca'ri'OS (Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 167. phyt. p. 143. t. 59.) plant herbaceous, procumbent, rather pilose; leaflets obcordate, cuneated ; peduncles length of leaves ; legumes gla- L L 2 260 LEGUMINOSiE. CXXXI. Astragalus. brous, warted, beaked, arcbed, and most tumid at tbe base. ©. H. Native of Portugal, in barren sandy places. Corolla sometimes white and sometimes purple. Boat-fruited Milk-Vetch. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1800. PI. pr. 86 A. striate'llus (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 189.) plant diffuse, glabrous ; leaflets cuneiform, somewhat emarginate ; peduncles 3-flowered, sliorter than the leaves ; legumes ovate-oblong, tumid, glabrous, deflexed, a little arched. ©. H. Native of Tauria, about Sudak. Bieb. pi. ross. cent. 1. t. 20. ex suppl. no. 1472. Corolla blue or white. Vexillum hardly longer than the wings, and obtuse keel. Striped Milk- Vetch. PI. diffuse. 87 A. ANNULA Ris (Forsk. segypt. 139.) plant diffuse, clothed with cinereous villi ; leaflets few, obovate ; peduncles few- flowered, length of leaves ; young legumes straight, subulate, pubescent, adult ones glabrous, spotted, rcsupinate and arched. ©. H. Native of Egypt. D. C. astr. append, no. 6. t. 7. A. maculatus. Lam. diet. 1. p. 316. A. subulatus, Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 186. but not of Pall. Flowers small, rose-coloured. .^nHM/«)-podded Milk- Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. PI. diffuse. 88 A. TEiMORPiius (Viv. fl. lyb. p. 44. t. 10. f. 2.) plant erect, and clothed with canescent hairs ; lower leaves with 1-3 leaflets, upper ones impari-pinnate, with a few pairs of elliptic-oblong, acute leaflets ; peduncles 2-3-flo\vered, a little longer than the leaves ; legumes cylindrical, incurved, clothed with adpressed villi. ©. H. Native on the shores of Lybia, in the Great Syrtis. Flowers purple. Three-formed Milk- Vetch. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1827. PI. J ft. 89 A.'iiispiDULUs (D. C. astr. no. 30. t. 13.) plant tufted and rather diffuse, pilose ; leaflets elliptic-oblong ; pedimcles few- flowered, lengtli of leaves ; legumes slender, erect, hispid, when young they are straight, but when mature they are arched. ©. H. Native of Egypt, in the desert. Flowers pale, with the vexillum elongated. Hisjml-T^oMcA Milk-Vetch. PI. \ foot. ■ 90 A. scoRPioiDEs (Pourr. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 1280.) plant erectly-spreading, pubescent ; leaflets oblong, obtuse, emar- ginate; stipulas lanceolate; flowers axillary, 1-2, almost sessile; legumes hooked, subulate, pubescent. ©. H. Native of Spain, about Madrid. A. suhbiflorus. Lag. Flowers blue. This plant, when growing in a dry place, hardly exceeds an inch in height, but when growing in moist rich places it rises to a foot. Perhaps not distinct from A. canaliculatus, of Willd. cnum. suppl. 52. Scorp!on-like-]>oA(ied Milk-Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 inch to 1 foot. 91 A. Mareo'ticus (Delil. fl. asgyp. 113. t. 39. f. 3.) plant diffusely-prostrate, rather hispid ; leaflets obovate, emarginate ; pedimcles .'J-4-flovvered, shorter than the leaves ; legumes hooked and arched, almost cylindrical, glabrous, furrowed on the back, almost bilocular. ©. H. Native about Alexandria, and in the Mareotic marsh. Flowers lilac. 7l/flrco<(c Milk- Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI. pr. 92 A. corruga'tus (Bert, amocn. 38. rar. dec. 3. p. 33.) plant erectly-spreading, rather pubescent ; leaflets oblong-cu- neated, emarginately bidentate at the apex ; peduncles usually 1 -flowered, about equal in length to the leaves ; legumes arched, furrowed on the back, quite smooth, transversely and reticulately wrinkled. ©. H. Native of Egypt. A. cruentus, Balb. cat. taur. append. 1. p. 8. A. crenatus, Schultes, obs. 186. Flowers blue or purplish. «Vin/r/c(/-podded Milk-Vetch. PI. | foot. 93 A. retkui.a'tus (Bieb. siqipl. fl. taur. 491.) plant diffuse and glabrous; leaflets oblong-cuneated and emarginate ; pedun- cles usually 5-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; legumes hooked. subulate, furrowed on the l)ack, quite smooth, transversely and reticulately veined. ©. H. Native of Middle Iberia, at Sa- repta. Flowers blue. A very small plant. Jieticulated-imddedUi\k-Yetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1828. PI. i foot. 94 A. canalicul.\'tus (Willd. enum. suppl. 52.) stems erect ; leaflets oblong, refuse ; stipulas ovate ; flowers axillary, solitary, nearly sessile ; legumes hooked, profoundly channelled on the back. ©. H. Native of Europe. Flowers white. Channelled Milk-Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 to 2 feet. Series IL Ocuroleu'ci (from wxpoc, ochros, yellow, and Xtv/voc, leucos, white ; the colour of the flowers is between white and yellow, that is cream coloured). D. C. prod. 2. p. 290. Stipulas free from the petiole. Flowers cream-coloured. § 7. Bucerates (from jiovc, bous, an ox, and ctpae, keras, a horn ; in reference to the form of the pods). D. C. prod. 2. p. 290. Stipulas neither adhering to the petioles nor together. Flowers cream-coloured. Legumes usually arched. Roots annual. 95 A. contortuflica'tus (Lin. spec. 106S.) plant procum- bent, villously-pubescent ; leaflets obovate, emarginate ; racemes pedunculate, 4-times shorter than the leaves ; legumes contor- tuplicate, channelled on the back, villous. ©. H. Native of Siberia, Tauria, and Hungary, in grassy places. Pall. astr. t. 79._Gmel.sib. 4. t. 28. D. C. astr. no. 29.— Buxb. cent. 3. p. 22. t. 39. Flowers pale yellow. This plant varies wonder- fully in size, according to the soil in which it grows. Contortuplicatc-\toddcd Milk- Vetch. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 17S3. PI. procumbent. 96 A. trime'stris (Lin. spec. 1073. but not of Bieb.) plant diffuse, villously-pubescent ; leaflets elliptic, emarginate ; pe- duncles 2-5-flowered, a little shorter than the leaves ; legumes hooked, subulate, rather pubescent, broadly furrowed on the back, and 2-keeled. ©. H. Native of Egypt and the island of Scio. Jacq. hort. vind. 174. D. C. astr. no. 50. A. mem- branaceus, Mocnch. A. hamosus /3, Pall. Flowers pale yellow. Three-Monthltj Milk-Vetch. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1777. PI. i ft. 97 A. HAMOSUS (Lin. spec. 1067.) plant diffuse, pubescent ; leaflets cuneated, emarginate, glabrous above ; peduncles usually 6-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; legumes hooked, furrowed on the back, almost terete, subulate at the apex, when young pubescent, but when adult smooth. 0. H. Native of dry exposed places, from Spain to Tauiia, and of Mauritania. Gaert. fruct. t. 154. D. C. astr. no. 51. — Moris, oxon. sect. 2. t. 9. f. 10. A. Austriacus, Delarb. A. biiceras, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 51. according to Link, and Fischer. The plant is either prostrate or diffuse, and the peduncles bear from 2-8 flowers ; they are pale-yellow. It goes commonly under the name of caterpillars in the gardens, in reference to the shape of the pods. Var.ji, macroctirpus (D. C. prod. 2. p. 290.) plant decumbent or erect; peduncles equal in length to the leaves. Led. hort. dorp. p. 23. Legumes 3-times larger than those of the species. Hooked-Nodded Milk- Vetch. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1640. PI. diffuse. 98 A. jEGi'cERAS (Willd. enum. suppl. 52.) plant diffuse and pubescent ; leaflets elliptic, emarginate ; stipulas lanceolate, acuminated ; racemes 8-10-flowered, pedunculate, twice or thrice shorter than the leaves ; legumes hooked, compressed at the apex, somewhat pubescent, channelled on tbe back. ©. H. Native country unknown. Flowers pale yellow. Sometimes tbe plant is erect. Goars-/io™-podded Milk-Vetch. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 foot or diffuse. LEGUMINOSJ:. CXXXI. Astragalus. 2G1 99 A. BRAcnY'cERAs(Ledeb. cat. liort. dorp. 1822. p. 3.) plant procumbent; leaflets tllii)tie, iviucronate ; stipiilas ovale; ra- cemes pedmiciilate, shorter tliau the leaves ; le<;umes nearly erect, incurved, subulate. ©. H. Native of the North of Persia, and probably of the south of Tauria. A. trimestris, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. )>. IDO. Lci^unics much shorter than those of /^. hamusiis, and the plant is also much smaller. Flowers pale yellow. Short-homed or podded Milk- Vetch. 1"1. June, July. Clt. 1828. PI. procumbent. 100 A. genicula'tus (Desf. atl. 2. p. 18G. t. 205.) plant dif- fuse, hoary from villi ; stipulas lanceolate ; leaves with 5-8 pairs of oblonir-elli))tic leaflets ; peduncles shorter than the leaves, when bearing the fruit they arc deflcxed ; legumes depressed, trigonal, mucronate, a little arched, channelled on the back, hairy. ©. H. Native of Barbary, near Mascar on hills. D. C. astr. no. 52. Flowers p:de yellow. Joinhd Milk-Vetch. PI. diffuse. 101 A. Ti'BERCuLosis (D. C. astr. no. CO. t. 22.) plant erect, hispid at the apex ; stipulas lanceolate ; leaflets obovate, emar- ginate, about 11-12 pairs ; racemes pedunculate, longer than the leaves ; legumes depressed, ending each in a long mucronc, arcu- ately hooked upwards, tubercular, and puberulous. ©. ? H. Native of Syria and Cappadocia. The fruit of the Cappadociau plant is much larger than those of the Syrian one. Flowers pale yellow. Tnhercidar-hmieA Milk-Vetch. PI. 1 foot. 102 A. EPioLOTTis (Lin.mant. 274.) plant procumbent, clothed with hoary villi ; stipulas lanceolate, and are, as well as the calyxes, clothed with black villi ; leaves w ith 6-7 pairs of oblong- linear leaflets ; spikes of flowers capitate, on very short pedun- cles ; legumes depressed, somewhat cordate, acuminated, with somewhat replicate margins, spreading, and pubescent. Q. H. Native of Spain, Barbary, the Levant, and south of France. D. C. astr. no. 5C.— Herm. lugd. hot. p. 77. Riv. tetr. 109. f. 1. Flowers pale yellow. J'ar. /3, asplndus (D. C. prod. 2. p. 291.) stems rather rigid, and rough. 0. H, Native of Spain, on hills about St. Phdip. A. asperula, Dufour, ann. gen. sc. 7. p. 295. Stvord-tungned or Sword-podded Milk- Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1737. PI. procumbent. 103 A. triangula'ris (D. C. prod. 2. p. 291.) stem erect, smoothish, trigonal ; stipulas membranous, acuminated, villous ; leaves ivith 8-10 pairs of elliptic-oblong, obtuse, emarginate leaf- lets ; spikes of flowers pedunculate, longer than the leaves ; le- gumes pendulous, triquetrous, few-seeded, straight, incompletely 2 -celled. ©. H. Native country unknown. Phaca triangu- laris, Zea in Horn. hort. Iiafn. suppl. 63. Flowers pale yellow. Triangidar -sremmeA Milk-Vetch. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. I foot. lOi A. Bce'ticus (Lin. spec. 1068.) plant procumbent, pu- bescent ; stipulas membranous, ovate, acuminated ; leaves with 10-15 pairs of obovate retuse leaflets; spikes of flowers on very short peduncles ; legumes erect, triquetrously-prismatic, gla- brous, straight, but hooked at the apex. ©. H. Native of Spain, Barbary, Sicily, and the Levant. A. uncinatus, Ma;nch. A. triangularis, Munt. phyt. t. 110. — Riv. tetr. irr. t. 105. — Bocc. sic. t. 4. Flowers pale yellow. The plant under this name in the gardens is erect ; it is therefore perhaps the pre- ceding species. In Hungary the seeds are roasted, ground, and used as a substitute for coffee. Boe pairs of linear leaflets, which are as well as the stipulas quite glabrous. ^ . F. Native of Armenia. Trag. orienlalis humil- lima foliis vicia?, &c. Tourn. cor. 29. Flowers pale yellow ? Hiddcit-Jitiited Goat"s-Thorn. Shrub -J foot. 157 A. Ba'rba Jovis (D. C. astr. no. 83.) flowers solitary, latent ; calyxes 5-parted, very villous ; legumes ovate, glabrous, almost 1 -celled, 1 -2-seeded ; leaves liaving 3-5 pairs of oblong, acute, hoary-tomentose leaflets. ^^ . F. Native of Armenia. Trag. orientalis huniillima argentea, &c. Tour. cor. 29. Trag- acantha argentea. Mill. Corolla purplish ? Jupiter' s-heard Goat's-Thorn. Shrub \ to \ foot. 158 A. microce'phalus (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1332.) flowers axillary, sessile, somewhat capilate ; calyxes woolly, 5-cleft ; leaves having 4 pairs of lanceolate, hoary, mueronate leaflets. I^ . F. Native of Armenia. Small-headed Goa.\.'s-'T\\oxn. Shrub ^ foot. 159 A. eriocau'los (D. C. astr. no. 84.) flowers axillary, solitary, latent ; calyxes usually hardly 5-cleft ; leaves with 4-5 pairs of oblong acute leaflets, which are woolly, as well as the stems. \. F. Native of Armenia. Trag. orientalis foliis incanis caule et ramulis tomentosis, Tourn. cor. 29. Corolla cream-coloured ? Legume unknown. IVdoUy-slcmmed Goat's-Thorn. Shrub \ foot. IGO A. Cauca'sicus (Pall. astr. p. 2. t. 2.) flowers 2-3-to- gether, axillary, sessile; calyxes 5-cleft, clothed with woolly villi; legumes 1-celled, 4-seeded ; leaves having 5-7 pairs of oblong-linear leaflets, which are clothed with hoary tomentnm. Ij . H. Native of Caucasus, on barren rocks. Flowers white (Bieb.), cream-coloured (Pall.). Stipulas when young clothed with white tomentum, but at length becoming glabrous. Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 205. Willd. spec. 3. p. 1331. exclusive of the synonymc of Tournefort. Caueasian Goat's-Tliorn. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. Sh. ^ ft, 161 x'V. gu'mmifer (Labill. journ. phys. 1790. p. 46. with a figure,) flowers 3-5-together, axillary, sessile ; calyxes 5-cleft, and are, as well as the legumes, woolly ; leaves having 4-G pairs of oblong-linear glabrous leaflets. Ij . F. Native of Mount Lebanon. Flowers yellow, rising from the axils of all the leaves, as well as in the preceding species, and therefore they appear in something like a spike. Gmn tragacanth flows from this plant, but more sparingly than from J. virus. D. C. astr. no. 85. ex- clusive of the synonyme of Tournefort. VOL. II. Gum-bearing Goat's-Thorn. Fl. June, July. Sh. J to 1 ft. 162 A. ve'kus (Oliv. voy. 3. t. 44.) flowers 2-5-together, axillary, sessile ; calyxes tomentose, olitusely 5-toothed ; leaves having 8-9 pairs of linear hispid leaflets. I^ . F. Native of the Levant. A. gummifer var. fi, hispidulus, D. C. astr. no. 85. Young stipulas clothed with silky villi, adult ones glabrous. According to Olivier, a traveller in the Levant, the greater part of the gum-tragacanth which is imported into Europe is obtained from this plant. Tragacanth exudes from it naturally from July to September, either from wounds made in the shrub by animals, or from fissures occasioned by the force of the juice during the great heats of s\niimer. According as the juice is more or less abundant, tragacanth exudes in twisted filaments, which sometimes assume the form of a small worm, elongated, rounded, and compressed, rolled uj) upon itself or twisted. The finest and ])urest tragacanth assumes this form. It is almost trans- parent whitish, or of a yellowish white. It also exudes in large tears, which preserve more or less of a vermicular form. This is more of a reddish colour, and more contaminated with impuri- ties. The quantity of tragacanth furnished by Persia is very considerable. Much is consumed in that coiuitry in the manu- facture of silk, and the preparation of comfits. It is exported to India, Bagdad, and Bussorah. Russia also gets some by way of Bakou. Tragacanth, though generally called a gum, differs very much from gum Arabic in its properties. It is opaque, white, difficultly pulverizable, unless when thoro\ighly dried, and the mortar heated, or in frost, and it cannot be said to be pro- perly soluble in water, for it absorbs a large quantity of that fluid, and increases in bulk. It is totally insoluble in alcohol. Its mucilage differs from that of gum-Arabic in being precipi- tated by the superacetate of lead and oxymuriate of tin, and not by silicized potass, or the oxymuriate of iron. In pharmacy tra- gacanth is employed for forming powders into troches, and ren- dering them tough cohesive substances, by beating them with mucilage of tragacanth, and then drying the mass. For elec- tuaries it is improper, as it renders them slimy on keeping. It is also an improper adjunct to active powders, as it swells up on attempting to mix them with water. It is a demulcent, and may answer the purposes of gum-arabic, being better adapted for allaying tickling cough, and sheathing the fauces in catarrhal affection, owing to its great viscidity. True Tragacanth or Goat's-Thorn. Shrub -j to 3 feet. 163 A. seti'ferus (D. C. prod. 2. p. 296.) flowers and leaf- lets unknown, but the last fall very soon off the plant ; there are fascicles of silky bristles, rising from the axils of the spines. 1; . F. Native of the Levant. 'I'his species is hardly known, but from the habit it is allied to the preceding plant, but it diff'ers from it in having axillary fascicles of bristles. Biistle-bearing Goat's-Thorn. Shrub 4 foot. 164 A. eria'nthus (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1332.) flowers axil- lary, sessile, aggregate ; calyxes globose, woolly ; leaves with 5 pairs of oblong, acute, glabrous leaflets. I^ . F. Native of Ar- menia. Petioles yellowish. Woollij-Jloivered Goat's-Thorn. .Shrub \ foot. 165 A. BREViFLoRus (D. C. astr. no. 89. t. 31.) flowers axil lary, sessile, somewhat capitate ; calyx 5-cleft, rather longer than the corolla, having woolly, plumose, filiform lobes ; leaves with 6-7. pairs of lanceolate villous leaflets. Ij . I'". Native of Ar- menia. Lodd. hot. cab. 1388. Trag. orientalis foliis angus- tissimis, flore purpurascente, Tourn. cor. 29. A. eriocephalus, AVilld. spec. 3. p. 1333. Flowers purple. I'ar. /), "Itihcr (D. C. 1. c.) leaflets longer and glabrous. Jj . F. Native of Persia. Perhaps a distinct species. Short-JlonercdGoal'&-T\wv». Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1826. Sh. | ft. 166 A. aureus (Willd. act. berl. 1794. p. 29. t. 1. f. 3.) flowers axillary, sessile, disposed in globose heads ; calyx 5- M m 266 LEGUMINOS^. CXXXI. Astragalus. parted, with plumose segments, shorter than tlie corolla ; leaves with 5-G pairs of oblong-linear smoothish leaflets. fj . F. Na- tive of Armenia. D. C. astr. no. 90. t. 32. f. 1. Trag. orientalis humilis floribus luteis dense congestis, &c. Tour. cor. 29. Flowers yellow. GoWe?j- flowered Goat's-Thorn. Shrub | foot. 167 A. pLUMosus (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1333.) flowers axillary, sessile, aggregate ; calyx cleft into 5 parts beyond the middle ; lobes filiform, bearded, plumose, shorter than the corolla ; leaflets elliptic-lanceolate, ending each in a spine-like mucrone, and clothed beneath witli adpressed silky villi. Tj . F. Native of Galatia (Willd.). Troade (Oliv.). Flowers purple. Very like the two preceding species, but differs from them in the form of the leaflets. Featheri/-ca\yx.ed Goat's-Thorn. Shrub | foot. 168 A. compa'ctus (Willd. in act. berl. 1794. p. 29. t. 1. f. 1.) flowers axillary, sessile, 4-5, aggregate ; calyx 5-parted ; the lobes filiform, and bearded with wool, shorter than the corolla ; leaves with 4-5 pairs of oblong, mucronate, hoary-villous leaf- lets, fj . F. Native of Armenia and Caucasus. D. C. astr. no. 86. t. 32. f. 2. Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 500. A. pycno- phyllus, Stev. in soc. mosq. 4. p. 57. Flowers white. Cumpact Goat's-Thorn. Shrub ^ foot. 109 A. arnaca'ntha (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 205.) flowers axil- lary, 2-3-together ; calyx 5-parted, with setaceous woolly seg- ments, which are shorter than the corolla ; leaflets lanceolate, ending each in a spiny mucrone, and clothed with hoary hairs. fj . F. Native of Tauria and Caucasus, on barren hills. A. Poterium, Pall. astr. p. 1. t. 1. but not of Vahl. A. compactus var. /3, D. C. Willd. Flowers flesh-coloured. The legume is 1 -celled according to Pallas. Lamb's-Tliorn. Shrub i foot. 170 A. oLE^FOLius (D. C. astr. no. 87.) flowers axillary, sessile, disposed in globose whorls around the branches ; calyx 5-cleft, woolly, villous ; leaves with 6-10 pairs of oblong, glauces- cent, smoothish leaflets. ^^ . F. Native of the Levant. Trag. orientalis foliis oleae, &c. Tourn. cor. 29. A. pugniformis, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1334. but notofLher. Flowers yellowish. Olive-leaved Goat's-Thorn. Shrub i foot. 171 A. LONGiFOLius (Laui. diet. 1. p. 322.) flowers axillary, sessile, disposed in somewhat globose whorls ; calyx 5-parted, woolly, a little shorter than the corolla; leaves with 9-12 pairs of oblong glabrous leaflets, each ending in a spine-like mucrone. Jj . F. Native of Armenia. D. C. astr. no. 88. t. 30. A. pug- niformis, Lher. stirp. 170. Trag. orientalis, Pocock, trav. 3. t. 88. Long-leaved Goat's-Thorn. Shrub ^ to 1 foot. 172 A. DENUDATUs (Stev. mem. mosq. 4. p. 57.) flowers axillary, sessile, glomerate; calyx 5-parted, with setaceous woolly lobes; leaves with 7 pairs of lanceolate, mucronate, green, pubescent leaflets. Tj . F. Native of Eastern Caucasus, on the higher mountains. Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 501. Corolla small, with the vexillum striated. Young leaves rather tomentose in winter, but becoming smooth in summer. A'aked-\ea\cd Goat's-Thorn. Shrub ^ foot. 173 A. pseu'do-Tragaca'ntiia (Pall. astr. p. 3. t. 3.) flowers axillary, sessile, 7-8-together ; calyxes woolly, with setaceous lobes, which are longer than the tube ; leaves with 8-9 pairs of oblong, acutish, awnless leaflets, clothed with hoary pili. Tj . F. Native of Eastern Caucasus, in subalpine places among rocks. Flowers yellowish. This plant is very like A.arlstalus, but differs in the flowers being sessile. J'alse-Gimt's-Thoni. Shrub | foot. 174 A. Cre'ticus (^Lam. diet. 1. p. 321.) flowers axillary, sessile, aggregate ; calyxes 5-])arted, with setaceous plumose lobes, which are a little longer than the corolla ; leaves with 5-8 1 pairs of oblong, acute, tomentose leaflets. h . F. Native of Candia, on Mount Ida. D. C. astr. no. 91. t. 33. Trag. Cre- tica incana, &c. Tourn. cor. 29. Flowers purple, striped. Gum tragacanth also flows from this shrub, but very sparingly. Cretan Goat's-Thorn. Shrub 4 to 1 foot. 175 A. SfcuLUs (Biv. giorn. palerm.no. 4. Rafin. car. p. 72.) flowers axillary, sessile, aggregate ; calyx 5.parted, very villous, shorter than the corolla; leaves with 4-8 pairs of oblong acute leaflets, which when young are villous, but afterwards become glabrous. Tj . F. Native of Sicily, on high mountains, espe- cially on Mount Etna. Flowers white, or tinged with purple (Rafinisq'ue). A. tragaciintha, Bern. Ucr. hort. panorm. p. 310. Sicilian Goat's-Thorn. Shrub i foot. 170 A. ECHINUS (D. C. astr. no. 92. t. 34.) flowers axillary, sessile, twin ; calyx woolly and villous, 5-toothed, shorter than the corolla ; leaves with 4-5 pairs of oblong-lanceolate, acutish, hoary leaflets. Jj . F. Native of the Levant on rocks, and of Eastern Caucasus. A. Caspicus, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 204. suppl. 500. A. Cretensis, Pall. astr. p. 0. exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers white, with the vexillum striped with purple. Hedgehog Goat's-Thorn. Shrub ^ foot. * * Floivers axillary, pedunculate. 177 A. eciiioi'des (Lher. stirp. 170.) peduncles 2-flowered, shorter tlian the leaves ; calyxes hardly pubescent, 5-toothed ; leaves with 4-5 pairs of linear-lanceolate hoary leaflets. 1^ . F. Native of Candia. A. echioides, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1326. A. Creticus, Willd. acad. berol. 1794. p. 23. t. 2. f. 2. exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers white, but the vexillum is marked with red lines. Bii gloss-like Goat's-Thorn. Shrub -J foot. 178 A. Oly'mpicus (Pall. astr. p. 4. t. 4.) peduncles very short ; calyx ovate, tubular, silky, 5-toothed ; leaves with C pairs of oblong, bluntish, lioary leaflets ; legumes cylindrical, mucro- nate, twice the length of the calyx, f; . F. Native of Armenia, on Mount Olympus. A. leucophyllus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1331. Flowers white, almost sessile. Legumes distinctly pedunculate. Olympic Goat's-Thorn. Shrub ^ to 1 foot. 179 A. Pote'rium (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 03.) peduncles very short, usually 2-flowered ; calyx cylindric-il, 5-toothed ; leaves with 4-5 pairs of oblor.g acute leaflets, which are glabrous above and villous beneath ; legumes tomentose, ovate, 1 -seeded, length of calyx. Tj . H. Native of Granada, in dry places. Poterium, Cluss. hist. 1. p. 108. with a figure. Moris, oxon. sect. 2. t. 13. f. 2. A. Granatensis, Lam. diet. 1. p. 321. A. tragacantha /3, Lin. spec. 1073. Flowers white. The odd leaflet usually per- manent. Perhaps A. Poterium of Willd., a native of the Levant, is distinct from the plant of Vahl. Polerhim-like Goat's-Thorn. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1640. Shrub -J foot. 180 A. Massilie'nsis (Lam. diet. 1. p. 320. D. C. astr. no. 96.) peduncles usually 4-flowered, about equal in length to the leaves ; calyxes cylindrical, w ith 5 short blunt teeth ; leaves with 9-11 pairs of elliptic hoary leaflets. 1^ . H. Native about Mai-seilles and Narbonne, in sandy places, as well as of Corsica and Mauritania. A. tragacantlia var. ci, Lin. spec. 1073. A. tragacantha. Pall. astr. t. 4. f 1, 2. Duh.arb. 2. t. 100. Woodv. med. hot. 207. t. 98. W^ats. dent. brit. 84. — Lob. icon. 2. t. 27. — Garid. aix. 409. t. 104, &c. Flowers white. This plant is usually grown for tragacanth, from which the gum is obtained, but it certainly produces nothing like gum tragacanth. Marseilles Govit'&-\:\\orn. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1640. Shrub ■h to 1 foot. 181 A. ARisTA^TUs (Lher. stirp. 170.) peduncles very short, usually 0-flowered; calycine teeth long and setaceous ; leaves with 0-9 pairs of oblong-linear, mucronate, pilose leaflets ; legumes LEGUMINOSiE. CXXXI. Astragalus. 267 hardly half-bilocular. 1^ • H. Native of the alps of Europe and the Pyrenees. A. sempervirens, Lam. diet. 1. p. 320. Plu\ca tragacantlui, All. pedem. K'57. — Garid. aix. t. 104. Flowers white or ])ale rod. I'ediuicies usually -l-Howered. ^/HH((/-calyxcd Goat's-Thorn. May, Jul. CIt. 1791. Sh. j ft. 18^ A. GENAHGENTEis (Moris. elench. sard. p. 11.) pedun- cles usually 5-floHercd, shorter than the leaves ; teeth of calyx narrow, acute, very short ; leaves with many pairs of elliptic, canescent leaflets. h . H. Native of Sardinia, on the heights of Genargentuni. Flowers cream-ooloured, with the keel tipped with dark purple. Like A. Alassiliinsis and A aristcitus. Gcnargcnliitii Goat's-Thorn. Shrub J foot. 183 A. bracteola'tus (D. C. astr. no. 10'^.) peduncles rather longer than the leaves, bearing ovate spikes of flowers ; calyx clotiu'd with adpressed pubescence, cylindrical, with lanceolate- subulate teeth ; leaves with 7-8 pairs of oblong leaflets, which when young are clothed with silky pubescence, but at length becoming glabrous. H. Ij . Native of Galatia, on hills. A. pi'ingens, W illd. spec. 3. p. 1325. Trag. orientalis hunullima se sparjions, floribus spicatis, Tourn. cor. 29. Bracteas linear- subulate. Flowers white in the dried specimens. Bractcolale Goat's-Thorn. Shrub |^ to 1 foot. 184 A. ANGusTiFoms (Lam. diet. 1. p. 321.) peduncles 6- flowered, somewhat corymbose, about equal in length to the leaves ; calyx cylindrical, rather villous, acutely 5-toothed ; leaves with 7-9 pairs of lanceolate leaflets, glabrous in the adult state. ^. F. Native of Armenia, Willd. act. berol. 1794. p. 25. D. C. astr. no. 98. — '1 ourn. cor. 29. Flowers yellow. Narron-leaied Goat's-Thorn. .Shrub \ foot. 185 A. RETu'sus (Willd. act. berol. 179'4. p. 24. t. 2. f. 3. ex- clusive of the synonyme) peduncles 4-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; calyxes clothed with adpressed, silky villi, cylindrical, 5-toothed ; the teeth lanceolate ; leaflets obovate, and somewhat retuse. Ij . F. Native of the Levant. Flowers reddish in a dried state. Like A. Massilihisis. /?e/Mif-leafletted Goat's-Thorn. Shrub ^ foot. 186 A. Damascenus (D. C. prod. 2. p. 198.) peduncles 4-6- flowered, somewhat spicate, rather longer than the leaves ; calyxes cylindrical, clothed with adpressed silky villi, 5-tootlied, the teeth lanceolate ; bracteas ovate, membranous, shorter than the tube of the calyx ; leaves with 15-16 pairs of elliptic, some- what raucronate leaflets, which are villous on both surfaces. Tj . F. Native about Damascus. Flowers white in the dried specimens. A. retusus, D. C. astr. no. 99. t. 35. but not of Willd. Damascus Goat's-Thorn. Shrub ^ foot. 187 A. LAGOPo'iDEs (Lam. diet. 1. p. 312. var. /3, D. C. astr. no. 103.) spikes of flowers ovate, pedunculate, longer than the leaves ; calvxes very hairy, 5-cleft, the lobes setaceous ; liracteas ovate, acuminated, deciduous, membranous, longer than the tnbe of the calyx : leaves with 7-8 pairs of oblong leaflets, ending each in a spine-like mucrone, and clothed with adpressed villi. t^ . F. Native of Armenia. A. lagopodioides, Vahl. symb. 1. p. 64. Willd. in act. berol. 1794. p. 28. t. 1. f 4. Flowers purple, spreading. far. /), Persicus (D. C. prod, 2. p. 299.) calyxes rather liladdery ; spikes of flowers on long pedimcles ; flowers imbri- cated ; leaflets broader. fj . F. Native of Persia, between Kermancha and Amadan. Perhaps a proper species. Hare's-foot-like Goat's-Thorn. Shrub \ foot. 188 A. lagu'ris (Willd. act. berol. 1794. p. 28. t. 1. (. 2.) spikes of flowers ovate, pedunculate, longer than the leaves ; calyxes very villous, at length a little inflated, 5-eleft; the seg- ments subulate, about equal in length to the corolla ; bracteas membranous, ovate, acuminated, length of flowers ; leaves with 4-5 pairs of oblong-leaflets, each ending in a spine-like mucrone, and clothed with adpressed villi. h . F. Native of Armenia. D. C. astr. no. 104. t. 36. A. lagopoides o. Lam. Flowers imbricated, yellow. //rt)e'4-/rt/7-spiked Goat's-Thorn. Shrub ^ foot. 189 A. vagina'tus (D. C. astr. no. 105. t. 37.) spikes of flowers ovate, dense, pedunculate, longer than the leaves ; calyxes at length inflated, villous, acutely 5-toothed; bracteas equal in length to the calyx ; stipulas acuminated, very long, sheathing ; leaves with 7-10 pairs of oblong leaflets, each ending in a spiny mucrone, and clothed with pubescence beneath. H . F. Na- tive of the Levant. Flowers cream-coloured. Petioles almost unarmed. »/t-calyxed Milk-Vetch. Fl.Ju. Clt. 1806. PI. |: to i ft. 199 A. ruYSALoiDEs (D. C. prod. 2. p. 300.) plant stemless, rather hairy ; leaflets 5-7, ovate, obtuse, smoothish ; scapes longer than the leaves ; flowers rather remote, disposed in spikes; calyxes hairy, globose, bladdery, i;.!!. Native of the Levant. Flowers yellowish. The leaves are like those of A.calycinum, and the flowers are like those of yl. halwdcabus. Winter-chcrry-li/cc-ca\ys.ed Milk- Vetch. PI. i foot. 200 A. ANTiiyLLoiDEs (Lam. diet. 1. p. 320. D. C. astr. no. 124. t. 42. but not of Pall.) plant almost stemless, clothed with hoary villi ; leaflets 27-35, ovate ; peduncles twice the length of the leaves ; flowers distant on the spikes ; calyxes hairy, bladdery; legumes hardly half-bilocular, 2-seeded. 5/. H. Native of Armenia. Ph^ca incana, Vahl. symb. 1. p. 57. Flowers yellow. This plant is very like J.' colutcoldcs, but differs in the petioles being unarmed. " Anthyllis-Iike Milk- Vetch. PI. i to i foot. 201 A. nubi'genus (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 245.) plant stem- less ; leaves with many pairs of oval, mucronulate, densely pilose leaflets ; flowers solitary, almost sessile ; calyxes inflated, sac- cate at the base ; legumes nearly terete, straight, very villous. 1<;.F. Native of Nipaul, in Gosaingsthan. Root long, woody. Flowers large, yellow, with the vexillum pilose on the back. Cloud-horn Milk- Vetch. Fl. May. PI. i foot. 202 A. vulnera^rix (D. C. prod. 2. p. 300.) plant almost stemless, twisted, low, hairy ; leaflets 7-11-13, obovate, the ter- minal one sessile ; peduncles hardly longer than the leaves ; flowers few, capitate ; calyxes hairy, reticulated, becoming at length bladdery ; corolla clothed with adpressed silky villi. If.. H. Native of Asia Minor. Phaca halicacaba, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1254. Flowers yellowish. Wound-wort-Uke Milk-Vetch. PI. -J foot. 203 A. lupuli'nus (Pall. itin. ed. gall, append, no. 877. astr. p. 17. t. 15.) plant stemless and canescent from adpressed villi, which is fi.xed by the centre ; leaflets 9, elliptic-oblong ; scapes hardly longer than the leaves ; spikes dense, ovate ; calyx hairy, at length bladdery ; corollas glabrous ; legumes half-bilocular, 2- seeded. %.. H. Native of Siberia, in sandy islands in the rivers Selcnga and Ouda, and at Lake Baikal. Flowers cream- coloured. Hop Milk-Vetch. PI. ;| to | foot. 204 A. LAOUROiDEs (Pall. itin. ed. gall. 8vo. append, no. 376. t. 91. f. 2.) plant stemless, and clothed with adpressed villi ; leaflets 5-7, elliptic-oblong ; scapes about equal in length to the leaves ; spikes ovate, dense ; calyxes hispid, at length bladdery; legumes biiocular, 2-seeded. % . H. Native of Siberia, in plains about the river Selenga. A. lagurus. Pall. astr. p. IS. t. 16. but not of Willd. A. laguroides, D. C. Willd. This species is very like A. hqndinus, but differs in the flowers being purple. Hare s-t ail-like Milk-Vetch. PI. |^ to | foot. 205 A. inila'tus (D. C. astr. no. 13.) plant caulescent, nearly erect, glabrous ; stipulas lanceolate, adnate to the petiole ? leaf- lets 9, hnear-lanceolate ; spikes globose ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; calyxes inflated, tomentose ; legumes ovate. I^-Yi. Native of Siberia, in the Kirghisean steppe. A. anthjlloides. Pall. astr. no. 19. t. 13. A. anthylloides. Pall, astr.no. 19. t. 13. but not of Lam. A. fragiformis, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1261. Flowers cream-coloured. Injlated-ca\y\ed Milk- Vetch. PI. i foot. 206 A. follicula'ris (Pall. astr. p. 19. t. 14.) plant stem- less, canescent from adpressed hairs, which are fixed by their centre; leaflets 13-21, lanceolate ; scapes straigiit, longer than the leaves ; spikes cylindrical ; calyxes clothed with blackish ad- pressed down, at length becoming bladdery. %. H. Native of the Kirghisean steppe, at the Uba, and near Salair. A. stricta, Sievers ex Fisch. in litt. Oxytropis follicularis, Pers. ench. but the carina is obtuse. 7^o?«C!(/«)--fruited Milk-Vetch. PI. i to ^ foot. 207 A. MOLLIS (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 495.) plant almost stemless and rather villous ; leaflets 25-29, elliptic, obtuse, young ones hairy ; scapes shorter than the leaves ; flowers spi- cate ; calyxes hairy, at length becoming bladdery, the teeth subulate ; legumes very hairy, covered by the calyx. If. . H. Native of Iberia, on hills about Tiflis. A. eriocarpus, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. ]). 196. but not of D. C. Flowers yellowish. Soft Milk-Vetcii. PI. i foot. 208 A. He'lmii (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 2. p. 301.) plant almost stemless, canescent from adpressed bristles ; leaflets 13- 17, elliptic, rather mucronulate; scapes length of leaves; flowers G-8, disposed in a kind of capitate spike ; calyxes mem- branous, at length pubescent ; legumes hairy, longer than the LEGUMINOSiE. CXXXI. Astragalus. 269 calyx. %. H. Native of the Ural mountains, at the metal mines of Woskres-Senskoi. Flowers yellow. Perliaps this plant belonj;s to a ditt'erent section. Helm's iMilk- Vetch. PI. i foot. • • Corollas nliile. Calyxes hardly bladdery. Perhaps this will constitute a proper section. 209 A. GALAcxiTES (I'all. astr. p. 85. t. Gj.) plant stomluss, rather canescent from adprcssed bristles; leaflets 11-15, oblong; flowers radical, aggregate, almost sessile ; legumes minute, 2- sceded, inclosed in the calyx, whicli is pubescent, membranous, and rather inflated. 1^. H. Native of Siberia, beyond the IJaikal, and of Dahuria, in naked gravelly places. Corolla white, but becoming of a pale yellow colour on drying, and almost as long as the leaves. Mia-y-Vetch. PI. | foot. 210 A. AMMODYTES (Pall. itin. ed. gall, append, no. 372. t. 83. f. 2. astr. p. 7. t. 5.) plant prostrate, clothed with hoary down ; stipulas ovate, obtuse ; leaves with 2-5 pairs of ovate- leaflets ; flowers axillary, rather radiant, twin, on short pedun- cles ; calyxes cylindrical, hairy. ^. F. Native of Eastern .Siberia, on sandy hills. D. C. astr. no. 91. Legume ovoid, mucronate, half-bilocular. Flowers white. Plant small. Pe- tioles permanent and unarmed, as in division Chronopbdii. Sand-viper ^l\\k-\eich. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. Sh. pr. § 16. Caprini (from caprimis, of a goat; in reference to the leaves o{ A. capriniis, the ciliae of which have been compared to a goat's beard). D. C. jyrod. 2. p. 301. Stipulas adhering lo the petioles at the base. Petioles unarmed. Flowers yclloiv. Calyxes not bladdery. 211 A. ova'ti's (D. C. astr. no. 107.) plant somewhat caules- cent, procumbent, villous ; leaflets 20-23, ovate ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; spikes of flowers ovate-oblong ; brac- teas and calyxes villous ; legumes glabrous. "H. . H. Native of Armenia. Flowers cream-coloured according to the dried specimens, ex. Tourn. cor. 28. Perhaps belonging to a difltrent section. Orn/e-spiked Milk- Vetch. PI. procumbent. 212 A. dasya'nthus (Pall. astr. p. 79. t. C5. itin. ed. gall, append, no. 375. t. 85.) plant caulescent, erect, clothed with soft hairs; leaflets 21-23, elliptic, obtuse, rather mucronate ; peduncles hardly shorter than the leaves ; spikes of flowers ovate-roundish ; calyxes villous, 5-cleft ; legumes ovate-lanceolate, hairy. 7; . H. Native of Siberia and Caucasus, the Ukraine, and Hungary, in sandy and calcareous fields. A. eriocephalus, Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 1. t. 4(). Flowers yellow, with the vexillum pubescent. Thick-flowered Milk-Vetch. PI. 1 foot. 213 A. MUI.TUUGIS (D. C. prod. 2. p. 301.) plant short, cau- lescent and pubescent; leaflets 41-61, elliptic, obtuse at both ends ; racemes pedunculate, rather loose, elongated, hardly shorter than the leaves ; calyxes cylindrical, 5-toothed; corollas glabrous ; legumes mucronate, velvety, twice the length of the calyx. 1/ . F. Native of the Levant, between Bagdad and Kermancha. Flowers S-10, distant, yellow. Afany-paired-]ea\ed Milk-Vetch. PI. ^ foot. 214 A. cAPRiNis (Lin. spec. 1071.) plant almost stemless, erect, pubescent ; leaflets 23-29, ovate-oblong, ciliated ; pedun- cles one-half shorter than the leaves ; flowers racemose, spread- ing ; segments of the calyx subulate ; corollas glabrous ; le- gumes ovate, inflated, stipitate, sparingly pilose. 1/ . H. Native of Barbary and the Levant. D. C. astr. no. 109. — Moris, oxon. 2. p. 24. f. 3. Flowers yellow. (^ar. li, glaber (D. C. prod. 2. p. 302.) leaflets as well as ovaries nearly smooth. 1/. IL Native of Mauritania. Per- haps a proper species. 6'on/'« Milk- Vetch. Fl. June, Julv. Clt. 1683. PI. i ft- 215 A. LONGiFLORUs (Pall. astr. p. 73. exclusive of the sy- nonyme of Biixb. and Lin.) plant almost stemless, rather hairy ; leaflets 1 1-13, obovate, retuse, or emarginate ; racemes loose, shorter than the leaves ; teeth of calyx lanceolate-subulate ; corolla very long, glabrous ; legumes ovate, turgid, mucronate, smooth, when young filled witli pulp. H.H. Native of the desert of Tartary and of the Volga, as well as at Lake Indcrskoi. Flowers yellow. The plant from the \'olga difl'ers from the rest in the legumes being almost sessile. Jar. a, breviscapus (D. C. prod. 2. p. 303.) ])eduncles much shorter than the leaves ; bracteas hardly exceeding the pedicels. Pall. astr. t. 60. — Gmcl. sib. 4. t. 27. I'ar. ft, procerior (D. C. prod. 2. p. 302.) peduncles exceeding the leaves ; bracteas thrice the length of the pedicels. Pall, astr. t. 60. ft. Long-Jlowered Mi\k-Y etch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1806. PI. A to J foot. 216 A. u TRIGER (Pall. astr. p. 75.) plant stemless, rather hairy ; leaflets 25-35 ; racemes loose, much shorter than the leaves ; teeth of calyx lanceolate-subulate ; corollas glabrous ; legumes stipitate, ovate, mucronate, hard, turgid, clothed with woolly pubescence, adult ones glabrous and 1 -celled. %. H. Native of Russia, on rocks. Flowers yellow. I'ar. a, ovatus (Pall. astr. t. 61.) leaflets ovate; legumes large. l/.H. Native of Tauria, Tartary, and Iberia. Var. ft, Uralensis (Pall. astr. t. 62. f. 2. ft) leaflets oblong- linear. }/ . H. Native of the Ural mountains, at the river Don. Bladder-bearing M\\k-V etch. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. PI. -J- ft. 217 A. LiGNOsus (D. C. astr. no. 114. t. 39.) jilant some- what caulescent, woody, grey; leaflets 49-51, oblong-linear; peduncles few-flowered, much shorter than the leaves ; teeth of calyx lanceolate, subulate ; corollas glabrous ; legumes sessile, compressed, villous. I^ . ? ^ . ? H. Native of Siberia, in sandy fields impregnated with salt, at the river L-tish. Flowers yellow. /roo(/;/-stemmed Milk-Vetch. PI. i to ^ foot. 218 A. ruBii'LORUs (D. C. astr. no. 111.) plant almost stem- less, hairy ; leaflets 21-27, ovate, acute ; flowers almost sessile, aggregate ; teeth of calyx linear-subulate ; w ings of corolla pubescent; ovary sessile, woolly. TJ. H. Native of Siberia. Flowers yellow. Downy-flowered Milk-Vetch. PI. \ foot. 219 A. faba'ceus (Bieb. suppl. p. 496.) plant stemless; leaflets S5-15, oblong or ovate, pilose ; scapes few-flowered, much shorter than the leaves : teeth of calyx lanceolate ; co- rollas glabrous ; legumes compressed, sessile, ovate, mucronate, and quite smooth, even when young. 1/. H. Native of Iberia, on hills, and of other provinces in the east. A. tiimidus, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 198. but not of Willd. Flowers yellow, drooping. Allied to A. longiflorus and A. utriger. Bcan-lilce Milk- Vetch. Pi. \ to 'r foot. 220 A. lani'gerus (Desf atl. 2. p. 181. t. 202.) plant stem- less and clothed with soft hairs; leaflets 17-31, elliptic or ob- long; flowers almost sessile, aggregate; teeth of calyx lanceo- late; corollas glabrous; legumes compressed, ovate, mucronate, sessile, when young very hairy, but when in an adult state sparingly pilose. % . H. Native of Mauritania. Egypt, Pln-y- gia, and Iberia, in barren sandy j)kices and on hills. Flowers yellow, sometimes pedunculate. Var. ft, subglabralus (D. C. prod. 2. p. 302.) leaflets almost glabrous; calyxes and petioles liairy at the base. 1{.H. Na- tive of the Levant.— Biixb. cent. 3. p. 38. f. 2. and hence the A. Iragacant ho'ides of \\ iUd. s])ec. 3. p. I,'i23. Flowers radical. ffool-bearing Mi\k-\ctch. Fl. May. Jul. Clt. 1791. Pl.|ft. 221 A. exsca'pus (Lin. niant. 275.) plant stemless, clothed with soft h.nirs ; leaflets 21-27, ovate; flowers almost sessile. 270 LEGUMINOSiE, CXXXI. Astragalus. aggregate ; teeth of calyx long and subulate ; corolla glabrous ; legumes ovate, acuminately-mucronale, hairy, sessile, and rather compressed. %. H. Native of Vallais, Thuringia, Austria, Hungary, and the Ukraine. Jacq. icon. rar. t. 561. Pall. astr. fi4. Astragaloides syphilitica, Moench. Flowers yellow. The plant is used to cure syphilis in Hungary. Scape/ess Milk-Vetch. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1787. PI. i ft. 222 A. Schanginia'nus (Pall. astr. p. 67. t. 73.) plant some- what caulescent and loosely lanuginose ; leaflets 25-31, ovate- oblong, peduncles very short, somewhat racemose ; teeth of calyx long, subulate ; corollas glabrous ; legumes triquetrous, acuminated, pubescent, callous. 1^. H. Native of Siberia, at the Catunjaand in tlie desert of the Don. Leaves about a foot long. Flowers yellow. Scluings Milk-Vetch. PI. 1 foot. 223 A. declina'tus (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1294.) stems short, procumbent; leaflets 29-31, oblong, obtuse, and jiilose ; ra- cemes few-flowered, crowded, peduncidate, one half shorter than the leaves ; legumes oblong, acute, pilose. 1/ . H. Native of Armenia. A. orienti»lis acaiilis fere flore luteo. Tourn. cor. 29. ex Willd. Very like A. cxscapus. Flowers yellow. DecUnutc-stemmeA Milk-Vetch. PI. procumbent. 224 A. nummula'rius (Lam. diet. 1. p. 317. exclusive of the synonymcs) stemless, hairy ; leaflets 21-23, ovate, mucronate, or emarginate ; flowers almost sessile, aggregate ; teeth of calyx lanceolate-subulate ; corolla glabrous ; legumes compressed, ovate, mucronate, hairy. If.. H. Native of Candia, Syria, and Eastern Caucasus. D. C. aslr. 117. t. 1 1 . f. 2. Flowers yellow. In the same plant the leaflets are emarginate and acute. Money-ivorl Milk- Vetch. Pi. -j to f foot. 225 A. DiFFUsus (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1321.) plant ahnost stemless, beset with cinereous hairs; leaflets 19-23, elliptic- lanceolate ; flowers almost sessile, aggregate ; bracteas antl ca- lycine teeth setaceous, longer than the tube, and very pilose ; legumes ovate, rather triquetrous, acuminated, hairy. %. H. Native of Taiuia, in fields adjacent to the Caucasus, and in the Caspian and Tartarian deserts. Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 202. A. doliclio])hylIus, Pall. astr. p. 84. t. 68. Flowers pale cream- coloured. This plant is allied to A. testiculatus. Diffuse Milk-Vetch. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1 820. PI. i- foot. 226 A. hfi'milis (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 203. suppl. 498.) plant almost stemless, depressed, clothed with cinereous villi ; leaflets obovate ; flowers almost sessile, aggregate ; calycine teeth much shorter than the tube ; legumes ovate, acuminated, hairy. O. H. Native of Iberia. Corolla yellowish. Allied to A. testiculatus. Humble Milk- Vetch. PI. depressed. 227 A. DD^Bius (D. C. astr. no. 115.) plant almost stemless, beset with cinereous villi ; leaflets 19-21, linear-oblong ; flowers almost sessile, aggregate ; calycine teeth about equal in length to the tube ; legumes compressed, acuminated, villous, half- bilocular. IJ.. H. Native of Tartary. Flowers very pale cream-coloured. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from the following species. Doubtful Milk- Vetch. PI. | to i foot. 228 A. Buciitorme'nsis (Pall. astr. p. 76. t. 62. f. A.) plant stemless, clothed with hoary pubescence ; leaflets 39-43, oblonc ; peduncles few-flowered, very short, declinate when in flower ; calyx 5-toothed ; legumes oblong-cylindrical, acuminated, cal- lous, half-bilocular. 1/ . H. Native of Siberia at the rivers Uba, Calunja, and Bucktorra. Flowers yellow. Legume, ac- cording to Fischer I an inch long and hairy. ^Hcto™ Milk-Vetch. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1818. Pl.^to-ift. 229 A. brachysta ciiYS (D. C. prod. 2. p. 303.) plant hairy- pubescent, with very short stems ; leaflets 15-23, exactly and broadly ovate ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; flowers dis- posed in short spikes ; calyx cylindrical, with lanceolate-subu- late teeth; corollas glabrous; ovary sparingly-villous. %.1 [^ . ? F. Native of the Levant, between Aleppo and Mos'sid. Flowers yellow. Legumes unknown. Sliorl-spihcd Milk- Vetch. PI. | to i foot. 230 A. GLOBOsus (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 60.) plant stemless, clothed with hoary-silvery down ; leaflets 12-16 pairs, elliptic- oblong, callous at the apex ; scapes twice the length of the leaves ; spikes of flowers dense, ovate-globose ; bracteas linear, about equal in length to the calyx. Tf..F. Native of Armenia. D. C. astr. 120. Flowers yellow. G/oio«e-spiked Milk- Vetch. PI. | to i foot. 231 A. cylindra'ceus (D. C. astr. 119.) plant stemless and clothed with hoary-silky down; leaves with 14 pairs of elliptic- oblong leaflets ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; spikes cylin- drical ; bracteas setaceous, longer than the calyx. 1/ . F. Native of Armenia. Allied to the preceding species. Perhaps both are wrongly placed in the present section. Flowers pale- yellow. Ci/lindrical-STj>iked Milk- Vetch. PI. -j to -j foot. 232 A. lanatus (Labill. dec. syr. 1. p. 21. t. 10. but not of Pall.) plant stemless, clothed with hoary villi ; leaflets 1 1 -23, ovate ; peduncles rather shorter than the leaves ; spikes of flowers ovate, dense , legumes ovate-cordate, triquetrous, com- pressed, acute, villous. If. F. Native of Mount Lebanon. A. Libanotis, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1308. A. hirsutissimus, D. C. astr. no. 46. t. 19. Flowers yellow. Perhaps this plant belongs to another section. Woolly Milk- Vetch. PI. ^ to | foot. § 17. Incani (from incanus, hoary ; asjiect of plants). D. C. prod. 2. ]}. 304. Stijmlas adnate to the p>etwles,n1uch are unarmed. Calyxes as well as legumes not bladdery. Floirers usually pur - jile, rarely of a dirty yellow colour. I exillum much elongated. Leaves hoary from adpiressed down. Legumes perfectly bilocular. 233 A. Monspessula'nus (Lin. spec. 1072.) plant almost stemless, clothed with hoary pubescence or almost glabrous ; leaflets 21-41, ovate or lanceolate, outer ones rather the smallest ; scapes exceeding the leaves ; teeth of calyx long, and subulate ; legumes terete, subulate, a little arched, adult ones glabrous. 11 . H. Native of the south of Europe and Mauritania, in fields. Cam. epit. 929. with a figure. Curt. hot. mag. 219. Flowers either purple, pale, or white. Stems almost wanting when grow- ing in a dry situation, but in rich earth or in a moist place they are elongated. Leaves hoary when the plant grows in dry ex- posed situations, but in a moist situation they are almost glabrous. I ar. /3, 2>oliJgala (D. C. prod. 2. p. 304.) spikes of flowers shorter ; legumes almost glabrous, even when young ; leaflets ovate-roundish, almost glabrous. l^.H. Native of the south of Caucasus. A. polygala. Pall. astr. p. 110. t. 83. MontpelierMi\k-\etch. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1710. PI. j to 4 foot, or prostrate. 234 A. sanguinole'ntus (Bieb. casp. 190. fl. taur. 2. p. 200.) plant stemless ; leaflets elliptic, obtuse, hoary beneath ; scapes declinate, longer than the leaves ; legumes oblong, com- pressed, rather arched, glabrous, spotted with blood-colour. 1/ . H. Native of Eastern Caucasus, on dry exposed hills. A. in- canus var. Pall. astr. 84. f. 2. A. clavatus ft, brevibracteatus, D. C. astr. no. 127. Flowers yellowish green. Perhaps this species is referrible to section Caprini. £/oo(/(/-spotted-legumed Milk- Vetch. PI. | to| foot. 235 A. inca'nus (Lin. spec. 1072.) plant stemless, hoary; leaflets 13-17, ovate ; scapes hardly exceeding the leaves ; spikes capitate ; calycine teeth subulate, short ; legumes nearly cylin- drical, hoary from short down, incurved at the apex, and ending in a subulate muerone, hardly 3 times the length of the calyx"; LEGUMINOS^. CXXXI. Astragalus. 271 cells 5-6-seecled. 1/. H. Native of the soiitli of France, in dry fields and anionij stones. Mafjn. bot. monsj). p. 3^'. with a figure. A. incanus, Pall. astr. t. St. Flowers purplish. I'ar. li, Barrelieri (Dufour, ann. gen, so. 7. p. 297.) legumes hoary, at length very hard, ohlong, not ovate, a little incurved, subulate; cells usually 5-secdcd. 1/. H. Native of Spain, in tlic province of Valentia, on arid hills at .St. Philip. Hoary Milk-Vetch. Fl. June, Jidy. Clt. 1 795. PI. i to 4 ft. 236 A. incu'rvus (Desf. atl. ^. p." 182. t. 203.) plant stem- less, hoary; leaflets 17-27, elliptic; scapes longer than the leaves ; spikes of flowers capitate ; teeth of calyx subulate ; le- gumes oblong, cylindrical, tapering to tlie base, incurved at tlie apex, glabrous, hardly 3-times the length of the calyx ; cells 3- .j-seeded. % . H. Native of Algiers, in sandy places. D. C. astr. 128. Flowers pale-purple. /ncun'crf-podded Milk- Vetch. PI. ^ foot. 237 A. cLAvA~Tus (D. C. astr. no. 127. t. 44.) plant almost stemless, hoary ; leaflets 11-21, roundish-ovate; scapes longer than the leaves ; flowers disposed in spikes, spreading ; legumes erect, glabrous, somewhat clavate, incurved at the top ; cells 4- 5-seeded. Tf-.H. Native of Armenia. Flowers greenish yellow in a dried state. Perhaps the same as A. ciiwreus of Willd. spec. 3. p. 1315. C7afn/e-legumed Milk- Vetch. PI. i to .3 foot. 238 A. NUMMULARioiDEs (Dcsf. emend. D. C. astr. no. 131.) plant stemless and hoary ; leaflets 17-23, obovate ; scapes longer than the leaves ; flowers few, disposed in short spikes ; calyxes beset with black villi, 5-toothed ; legumes elliptic, ventricose, silky, hardly longer than the calyx; cells 3-seeded. %. H. Native of sandy places near Sbiba, in Tunis. A. numniularius, Desf. atl. 2. p. 182. t. 204. exclusive of the synonymes. A. rotundifolius, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1317. Flowers rose-coloured. Moneij-worl-like Milk- Vetch. PI. j to ^ foot. 239 A. MACRORHizus (Cav. icon. 2. p. 28. t. 133.) jilant stemless, hoary ; leaflets 15-21, ovate, mucronulate ; scapes ex- ceeding the leaves ; spikes ovate, many-flowered ; flowers dis- tinct, pedicellate; calyxes clothed with black villi, 5-toothed; legumes erect, obovate, pubescent, a little longer than the calyx, ending in a hooked acumen ; cells 3-4-seeded. ^ . H. Native of Spain, in fields about Madrid. Flowers red. A. montanus, Brot. ex Steud. Long-roolcd Milk- Vetch. PI. |- to | foot. 240 A. BRACHYCA'RPUs(Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 201. cent. 2. p. 58.) plant stemless, pubescent ; leaflets 15-27, oblong-elliptic ; scapes longer than the leaves ; spikes many-flowered, at length elon- gated ; calyxes clothed with black and white hairs mixed ; le- gumes erect, obovate, length of calyx, when young clothed with adpressed pubescence; cells 2-3-seedcd. %. H. Native of Caucasus. Sims, bot. mag. 2335 Buxb. cent. 3. t. 38. f. 1. ? Flowers of a dirty purple colour. Sharp-fruitcd'U\\k-\ etch. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1820. PI. | ft. 241 A. GLAREosus (Dougl. mss.) stems short, procumbent; plant clothed with hoary silky villi ; stipulas free, permanent ; leaflets numerous, obovate ; peduncles or scapes bearing from 3-10 flowers at the apex; bracteas lanceolate, subulate, twice the length of the pedicels. %. H. Native of North America, from the confluence of Lewis and Cl.arke's river with the Colum- bia to the Rocky mountains. Flowers large, purple. Habit of a species of Oxtjtropis. This species belongs more properly to section Onohrychoidei than to the present section. Graiel Milk-Vetch. PI. I to I foot. 242 A. Pu RSHii (Dougl. mss.) i)lant tufted, woody at the base, densely clothed with hoary-silky villi ; stipulas distinct, permanent ; leaflets numerous, elliptic ; bracteas subulate, twice the length of the pedicels ; peduncles or scapes shorter than the leaves, bearing a few flowers at the apex. %. H. Native of North-west America, on the low hills of the Spokan Uiver. Flowers yellow. Habit of a species of Oxijlrupis. This plant belongs more properly to section Ciceroldci. Pursh's Milk-Vetch. PI. | to | foot. 243 A. MOLLi'ssiMus (Torrey, in ann. lye. 2. p. 173.) plant almost stemless, erect, clothed in every part with silky down ; stipulas free; leaves with 11-14 pairs of ovate-oblong mucro- nulate leaflets ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; flowers spicate, erect; legumes oblong, .arched, glabrous. 1/.. H. Native ol North America, on the Platte. Flowers probably cream-coloured. J'enj-soft Milk- Vetch. PI. | to i foot. 244 A. pe'ndulus (D. C. astr. no. 129.) plant stemless, hoary ; leaflets 17-21, roundish; scapes longer than the leaves; flowers spreading, but at length pendulous, disposed in spikes. %.V. Native of the Levant. A. orientalis folio subrotundo, flore purpureo magno, Tourn. cor. 28. Penf/ji/oHS-flowered Milk- Vetch. PI. \ to \ foot. 245 A. elonga'tus (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1314.) plant stemless, hoary; leaflets 9-11, elliptic; scapes longer than the leaves; spikes of flowers elongated ; flowers erect, but at length spread- ing ; legumes pendulous, ovate, pubescent, mucronate by the style; cells 2-3-seeded. %. H. Native of Galatia. A. Pis- tacia, Rost. ined. Flowers purplish. Legumes the size and form of those of the Pistachia-nut. Very like A. hrachycdrpus, but differs in the fruit being pendulous. Elongated-%^\ke& Milk-Vetcli. PI. | foot. 246 A. angul6sus(D. C. astr. no. 122. t. 45.) plant stemless, hoary; leaflets 9-13, elliptic, mucronulate; scapes longer than the leaves ; spikes of flowers at length elongated ; legumes ov.ite, somewhat trigonal, rather pendulous, pubescent, mucronate by the style, about 3-times the length of the calyx ; cells 3-4-seeded. %. H. Native of the Levant. Flowers unknown. ^«CT«?n)-podded Milk- Vetch. PI. ^ to |- foot. § 18. Radicifluri (from radix, a root, and. flos, a flower; in reference to the flowers and scapes rising from the roots, and not from the stems). D. C. prod. 2. p. 305. Stipulas adhering to the pelioles, nhich are unarmed. Calyxes not bladdery, nor rup- tured above after flowering . Flowers purplish or ivhitc, with the vexillum not naich elongated. Leaves not hoary. Legumes usually bladdery. 247 A. piiYsoDEs (Lin. spec. 1073.) plant almost stemless and glabrous, but beset with a few hairs, which are fixed by their centre ; leaflets 21-31 ; peduncles scape-like, about equal in length to the leaves or rather longer; legumes inflated, membra- nous, nearly globose, glabrous. 1/ . H. Native of Siberia, in places impregnated with salt. D. C. astr. 127. Pall. astr. 71. but not of Pall. itin. Flowers purplish. Vexillum oblong. Root creeping. Far. a, JVolgensis (PaW. astr. t. 58. D. C. astr. t. 48.) leaflets linear, acute ; scape declinate, length of leaves. Tf-.H. Native of Sandy Islands, at the mouth of the Volga. Far. ft, Taiiricus (Pall. astr. t. 58. B. f. 1.) leaflets oblong; scapes exceeding the leaves ; stems more conspicuous. Tf.. H. Native of Tauria. Jar. y, Allaicus (Pall. astr. t. 58. B. f 2.) leaflets elliptic; scapes length of leaves. 1/. H. Native of Altai. /«/a/ff/-podded Milk- Vetch. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1759. PI. 4 ft. 248 A. Palla'sii (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 2. p. 305.) pfant almost stemless, tufted, branched, clothed with hairy pubescence; leaflets 11-13, oblong-linear ; scapes length of leaves ; legimies inflated, membranous, almost globose, villous. %. H. Native of the Caspian desert, at Lake Inderskoi. A. physodes alfinis. Pall. astr. p. 73. t. 59. .\. physodes var. c, D. C. astr. no. 127. Pcrs. ench. 2. p. 34 t. Flowers purplish. /'«//n.v'j,Milk-Vetch. Fl. June, Julv. Clt. ISIS. PI. J foot. 272 LEGUMINOS-E. CXXXI. Astragalus. 249 A. TESTicuLA TUS (Pall. astr. p. 82. t. 67.) plant stemless, clothed with cinereous villi : leaflets lanceolate or oblong ; Hovvers radical, almost sessile, aggregate ; legumes inflated, ovate, tomentose. i;. H. Native in deserts and in sands at the Cas- pian sea, and of Tauria. Flowers flesh-coloured, but in a dried state they appear milk-coloured or yellowish. Calyxes cylin- drical. Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 202. A. cinereus radiciflorus, D. C. astr. t. 40. Tcsliculate-TpoMeA M\\]i.-Yelch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. I to ^ foot. 250 A. rupifra'gvs (Pall. astr. p. 86. t. 70.) plant stemle-ss, clothed with cinereous villi ; leaflets oblong, obtuse ; scapes shorter than the leaves, or .ibout eqii.al in length to them ; le- gumes oblong, acute, 2-celled. 1/. H. Native of the south of Tauria, on rocks. Flowers purplish. Calyxes rather turgid. Far. a, cvscapus (Pall. astr. t. 70.) scapes very short or hardly any ; leaflets oblong-linear. far. ft, caidt'sccns (P.ill. astr. t. 70. B.) scapes length of leaves ; leaflets oblong, fewer ; calyxes rather bladdery. 1/ . H. Native of the Ural mountains. Perhaps a proper species. Broken-rock Milk-Vetch. PI. | to i foot. 251 A. redu'ncus (Pall. astr. p. 109. t. 82.) plant almost stem- less, hairy, and rather canescent ; leaflets 25-35, elliptic-oblong, glabrous above ; scapes a little higher than the leaves ; flowers disposed in elongated spikes ; legumes erect, hairy, incurved, cylindrical, hooked downwards, channelled above, 5-times the lengtli of the calyx. 1^. H. Native of Tauria, in sandy places at the Volga, and about Sarepta. A. cinereus longipes, D. C. astr. 41. Flowers purple or white. Var. ft, hrev'ipes (D. C. astr. t. 41.) scapes shorter than the leaves ; leaflets elliptic-ovate, fewer. 1/ . H. Growing along with the species. //ooA-crf-podded Milk-Vetch. PI. ^ to i foot. 252 A. HiRsv\us (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 59. D. C. astr. no. 125. t. 43.) plant stemless, clothed with hoary villi ; leaflets 7-9, elliptic ; scapes rather longer than the leaves ; flowers capitate; calyx villous, 5-cleft, at length cleft above ; legumes nearly globose, apiculated, hairy, 2-cellcd. %.. H. Native of Armenia on hills. Colour of flowers unknown. Hnhy Milk- Vetch. PI. |^ to i foot. 253 A. erioca'rpus (D. C. astr. no. 135. t. 47. but not of Bieb.) plant stemless, villously-hairy ; leaflets 21-27, elliptic, obtuse ; scapes exceeding the leaves ; spikes of flowers ovate ; calyx villous, 5-toothed ; ovary very hairy. l/.H. Native country unknown. Flowers purple. Woolly-fruited Milk- Vetch. PI. I to | foot. 254 A. PYGMAi'us (Pall. astr. 66. t. 54.) plant almost stem- less, branched, prostrate; leaflets 7-9, lanceolate, small, pubes- cent; peduncles I -flowered, very short; legumes oblong, in- flated, pubescent. 11. I >> . ? H. Native of Eastern Siberia, in the Arctic region. Flowers unknown. Perhaps only a variety oi A. imm'ilio. Pygmy Milk-Vetch. PI. prostrate. ZiJ5 A. PujifLio (Pall. astr. p. 67. t. 55.) plant almost stem- less, with many little shoots rising from tlie neck ; leaflets 9, lan- ceolate-linear, hoary, and rather pilose beneath ; flowers twin, almost sessile. %. H. Native of the Curil islands. Flowers large, pale violet. Calyx 5-cleft, clothed with white or brown hairs. Legumes unknown. Z)««r/ Milk- Vetch. PI. i foot. 256 A. GEMiNiFLORUs (Humb. et Bonpl. ]>\, eqiiin. 1. p. 126. t. 37.) plant almost stemless, branched, prostrate ; leaflets 19-21, approximate, complicate, oblong, silky, small ; flowers twin, almost sessile ; legumes ovate, acuminated, silky, 2-seeded. 1/ . F. Native of South America, in the kingdom of Quito, in higli cold places ; frequent on mount Antisana. Flowers violaceous. Tivin-fowered Milk-Vetch. PI. i foot, prostrate. 257 A. UNiFLORis (D. C. astr. no. 141. t. 50.) plant almost stemless, branched, prostrate, glabrous; leaflets 13-17, linear, obtuse; stipidas joined ; flowers almost sessile, solitary. Ij . ? 1/. G. Native of Peru, at Huasa-Huasi. Flowers purplish. One-Jlowercd Milk- Vetch. PI. prostrate. •|- Species not sufficiently known. 258 A. unca'tus (Lin. spec. 1072.) plant stemless and scape- less ; leaves with 8-9 pairs of obcordate leaflets, each terminating in a bristle ; legumes subulate, hooked, longer than the leaves. 0. F. Native about Aleppo. Oxytropis uncatus, Pers. ench. 2. p. 33. ? Said to be allied to A. trimhtris. Flowers almost white. //ooArrf-podded Milk-Vetch. PI. | foot. 259 A. Ar'cticus (Wilkl. enum. suppl. 51.) plant stemless ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, pilose, silky beneath ; scapes ascend- ing, longer than the leaves ; legumes lanceolate, a little inflated. 11 . H. Native country unknown. Corolla shewy violet. Arctic Milk- Vetch. PI. i to | foot. 260 A. ? obcorda'tus (Ell. sketch. 2. p. 227.) plant glabrous, decumbent ; leaves with 7-9 pairs of small obcordate leaflets ; peduncles elongated; lobes of calyx subulate. l/.H. Native of the south of Georgia, near St. ftlary. Flowers white. Legumes unknown. 06co)rf«oAAeA Horse-shoe-Vetch. PI. prostrate. 6 H. bicontorta (Lois. not. in ann. soc. Lin. par. vol. 4. 1 827.) stem branched, spreading ; leaflets linear ; peduncles length of leaves, usually bearing 3 flowers at the apex ; legumes scabrous, twisted into a double circle. Q.H. Native of Mont- pelier. Tirice-tnisied-'poAdieCi Horse-shoe-Vetch. PI. spreading. 7 H. MLLTisiLiQuosA (Lin. spec. 1050.) peduncles a little shorter than the leaves, 2-4-flowered ; legumes quite smooth, cir- cularly incurved. Q.H. Native of Spain, Italy, south of France, and Barbary, in exposed stony or sandy places. Mill. fig. 278. f. 2. Ferrum equ'inum polyceratum. Col. ecphr. p. 300. with a figure. F. multiflorum, Moench. meth. 119. Plant smooth. il/aH(/-;)orfex. 1 O. VERRUc6suM (Beauv. 1. c. t. 58.) leaves simple, ovate- lanceolate, acuminated ; joints of legume striated and warted. T^ . S. Native of western Africa, in the kingdom of Waree. MuUera verrucosa, Pers. ench. 2. p. 311. Leaves 3 inches long, but hardly an inch and a half broad. Flowers red. ?F«)/crf-podded Ormocarpum. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 2 O. ? sulca'tum (Beauv. 1. c. in a note) leaves simple, small ; joints of legume furrowed, but not warted. Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Perhaps Pictetia Desvauxii. Flowers red. FfOTOH'erf-podded Ormocarpum. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. * * Leaves impari-pinnate. 3 O. sENNoiDEs (D. C. prod. 2. p. 315.) leaves impari-pin- nate,with 6-7 pairs of obovate, retuse mucronulate leaflets ; joints of legume striated and beset with prickly tubercles, i; . S. 1 LEGUMINOSiE. CXLIII. Amicia. CXLIV. Poiretia. CXLV. Planarium. CXLVI. Myriadenis, &c. 279 Native of tlie East Indies. Hedysarum sennokles, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1207. O. cassioides, Desv. 1. c. Flowers red ? Senna-like Ormocarpum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1 816. Sh. 3 to 6 feet. 4 O. CORONILLOIDES ; slirubby, erect, branched ; leaves im- pari-pinnate ; leaflets oblong, emarginate, glaucous ; flowers lateral, pedunculate ; legumes with 6-7 furrowed, glabrous joints, which taper at both ends. H . S. Native of the island of St. Thomas, in Guinea, on a little island in Man-of-War Bay. Coronilla-like Ormocarpum. Siirub 0 feet. * * * Leaves ahrupthj pinnate. 5 O. e'legans ; shrubby, smooth except the young leaves, which are silky; leaves abruptly pinnate, with 8-10 pairs of ovate-lanceolate, mucronate leaflets ; racemes axillary, not so long as the leaves ; calyx smooth, slightly 5-Iobed ; vexiUum large. ^ . S. Native of Mexico. Legumes stipitate, 3-jointed ; joints tapering to both ends. Calyx permanent. Flowers purple. Elegant Ormocarpum. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 6 O. cocci'nea ; slirub rather villous, with 10-lC pairs of obovate-lanceolate, obtuse, mucronate leaflets ; racemes shorter than the leaves ; calyx canipanulate, almost truncate. Tj . S. Native of Mexico. Flowers apparently scarlet. Scarlet-Rowered Ormocarpum. Sinub 3 to 4 feet. Cull. See Pictetia, p. 278. for culture and propagation. CXLIII. AMI'CIA (in honour of Joseph Baptiot Amici, a celebrated French physician). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. C. p. 511. t. 600. D. C. prod. 2. p. 315. — Zygomeris, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. LiN. SYST. Monadelpliia, Dec6ndria. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft, 2 upper lobes roundish, large, 2 lateral ones minute, the lowest one oblong, keeled, and concave. Corolla with an or- bicular vexillum, and with the wings applied to the keel. Sta- mens 10, monadelphous, with the tube or sheath cleft in front. Legume linear, compressed, many-jointed, with the joints trun- cate at both ends. — Climbing shrubs. Branches and petioles pubescent. Leaves abruptly pinnate, with 2 pairs of leaflets, full of pellucid dots. Peduncles axillary, 5-6-flowered. Brac- teas 2, orbicular, opposite, at the origin of the pedicels. Flowers yellow. This genus is nearly allied to Poiretia, but is easily distinguished by the form of the calyx. 1 A. GLANDULosA (H. B. et Kuuth, 1. c.) leaflets obovate, somewhat emarginate ; vexillum obcordate ; legume with 5 jomts. S. Native of New Granada, near Loxa. Glandular Amicia. .Shrub cl. 2 A. ZYGOMERIS (D. C. prod. 2. p. 315.) leaflets cuneate- obcordate, mucronate ; vexillum broadly obovate, mucronate ; legumes having 2 joints. P; . ^. S. Native of Mexico. Zy- gomeris flava, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. According to the figure there are 2 of the stamens longer than the rest. 7'7!'o-jo/n', aden, a gland ; in reference to the leaves being beset with numerous glands). Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 121. t. 4. f. 11. D. C. prod. 2. p. 316. but not of Cass. Lin. syst. Diadetphia, Decdndria ? Calyx tubular, 5- toothed, and appearing as if hidden within 2 opposite bracteas. Corolla and stamens unknown. Legume constantly composed of numerous, terete, somewhat obconical, 1 -seeded, indehiscent joints. — An erect smooth herb, having 4 dotted, obovate, emar- ginate leaflets at the top of each petiole, with very short, axil- lary, solitary, 1 -flowered pedicels, and yellow flowers. This genus is not sufficiently known, but it appears to be nearest allied to Poiretia, in the leaves being of 4 glandular leaflets. 1 M. tetraphy'llus (D. C. prod. 2. p. 316.). 0. S. Na- tive of Jamaica. — Sloan, jam. 1. p. 186. t. 116. f. 3. Orni- thopus tetraphy'llus, Lin. amccn. 5. p. 402. Lunan. hort. jam. 1. p. 94. Leaflets cuneated, obtuse, or emarginate. glabrous, dotted beneath, all rising from the apex of the petiole. Four-leaf elted xMyriadenus. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 ft. Cult. The seeds of this plant require to be sown in pots and placed on a hot-bed in spring, and when the plants are strong enough they may be removed to the stove or greenhouse, or they may remain in the frame, where they will ripen seeds. CXLVII. ZO'RNIA (in honour of John Zorn, once an apo- thecary at Kcmpten in Bavaria, author of Icones plantarum medicinalium, 8vo. Nuremberg, 1779 and 178t). Gmcl. syst. 1076. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 76. Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 12I-. t. 5. f. 25. D.C. prod. 2. p. 316 — Anonyma, Walt, car. 181. 2S0 LEGUMINOS^. CXLVII. Zornia. CXLVIII. Stylosanthes. Lin. syst. Moncidclpliia, Dccdndria. Calyx campanulate, bilabiate, upper lip emargiiiate, lower one S-cleft. Corolla inserted in the bottom of the tube of the calyx. Vexillum having revolute .sides. Keel bifidly lunulate. Stamens nionadelplious. Anthers alternately globose and ovate. Legume compressed, 3-5-jointed ; joints nearly orbicular, usually hispid. — Glabrous herbs, full of pellucid dots. Stipulas sagittate, lovper ones lanceolate, upper ones the largest, and forming girding bracteas. Leaflets 2 or 4, rising from the top of the petiole. Flowers yellow, surrounded by the large stipulas. * Leaves having 2 leaflets rising from the top of each petiole. 1 Z. ANGUSTiFOLiA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 1.) stems diffuse ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate ; bracteas ovate-sagittate, 5-nerved, ciliated, shorter than the legumes, full of glandular dots ; prickles of legume covered with retrograde stiff' hairs. ©. S. Native of the Mauritius and the East Indies, in sandy places. — Rheed. mal. 9. t. 82. Z. diphy'lla a, Pers. 2. p. 318. Hedy- sarum diphyllum, var. o, Lin. syst. 5G0. exclusive of the syno- nynie of Sloane. In some specimens of this plant the legumes are prickly their whole length, in others only at their apex. Narrotv-leafletted Zornia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1733. PL T to 1 foot. 2 Z. glochida'ta (Reichb. in Sieb. pi. exsic. seneg. no. 40.) stems erect, branched ; leaflets linear ; bracteas ovate-sagittate, 5-nerved, dotless, and ciliated with long hairs, a little shorter than the legumes ; legume with 3-4 joints, beset with glochidate ])rickles, which are covered with retrograde stiff hairs. ©, S. Native of Senegal. G/oc/«'(/a/e(/-podded Zornia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. I to ^ foot. 3 Z. BiARTicuLA^TA \ Stem branched ; leaflets lanceolate, acute ; .spikes few-flowered ; stipulas ovate, membranous, acute, 4-5- nerved, ciliated ; legumes 2-jointcd, echinated ; prickles hooked at apex. 0. S. Native of the Gold Coast, in sandy places. Two-jointed-ytoAAed. Zornia. PI. 4 foot. 4 Z. GRACILIS (D. C. prod. 2. p. 316.) stems erect; leaflets oblong-lanceolate ; bracteas linear-sagittate, acuminated at both ends, 5-nerved, a little ciliated, full of glandular dots ; prickles of legume beset with stiff retrograde bristles. ©. S. Native of Guiana. Slender Zornia. PI. ^ to ^ foot. 5 Z. RETICULATA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 2.) stems erect ; leaflets lanceolate, glabrous, lower ones elliptic ; bracteas ovate, acute, ciliated, glandless, 5-nerved, reticulated, length of legumes ; legumes pubescent, as well as furnished with a few downy prickles. ©. S. Native of Jamaica, Cayenne, Porto Rico, and Santa Cruz. Hedy'sarum diphyllum /3, Lin. Swartz. and Willd. Z. diphyllum /3, ciliatum, Pers. Var. ji, 2tuherula (D. C. prod. 2. p. 316.) branches pubescent at the apex ; bracteas ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, longer than the legumes. ©. S. Native of Cayenne. Perhaps a proper species. Perhaps only a variety of Z. piihescens. Reticulated-hractead Zornia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. 1 ft. C Z. THYMiioLiA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 514.) stems diffuse, and are as well as the petioles pubescent ; leaflets oblong, glabrous above, but puberulous beneath, having the margins dotted as well as the calyxes ; bracteas ovate, 5-nerved, puberulous and glandular beneath ; legumes rather pilose, the joints reticulated with veins. h.t 1/ . ? S. Native of Mexico, near Santa Rosa. t ar. (i, clandesthin ; plant larger and more branched ; leaves dotless; bracteas a little dotted, glabrous, ciliated. ©. S. Native of Mexico, near Jalapa. Z. thymif61ia, Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnaea. 5. p. 582. Perhaps a proper species. Thyme-leaved Zornia. PI. i to 4 foot. 7 Z. LyEvis (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnaea. 5. p. 582.) plant smooth ; bracteas somewhat 7-nerved, sparingly dotted, ciliated ; legumes smooth, but rather puberulous between the joints ; leaflets variable, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, acute. ©. S. Na- tive of Mexico, near Jalapa. Smooth Zornia. PI. j foot. 8 Z. pube'scens (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 515.) stem erect, dichotomously branched, glabrous ; branches and petioles clothed with villous pubescence ; leaflets oblong-lanceo- late, pubescent on both surfaces, and are glandless as well as the calyxes ; bracteas ovate, acute, ciliated, dotted ; legumes hispid and muricated, having 5-6 joints. ©. S. Native of South America, on the banks of the river Magdalena, near Honda. Pubescent Zornia. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 9 Z. LATiFoLiA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 317.) plant ascending, clothed in every part with villi ; bracteas ovate, acute, many- nerved. ©. H. Native of Brazil. Leaflets ovate, ) 2-18 lines long and 8-9 broad, longer than the petioles. Flowers large. Legume unknown. Broad-lcafetted Zornia. PI. ^ to | foot. 10 Z. Maranhame'nsis ; stems erect, branched, pubescent at the apex ; leaflets lanceolate, acute ; stipulas subulate ; brac- teas lanceolate, 3-nerved, acute, villous; legume with 3-4 hispid joints. 0. S. Native of Maranham. Maranliam Zornia. PI. 4 foot. 11 Z. Zeylone'nsis (Pers. ench. 2. p. 318.) leaflets ovate; bracteas ovate, ciliated; legumes prickly ; stem erect. ©. S. Native of Ceylon. — Burm. zeyl. t. 50. f. 1. Pluk. aim. t. 102. f. 1. Hedysarum conjugatum, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1178. H. di- phyllum, var. Lin. Z. conjugata. Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 3. "Ce;//ow Zornia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. PI. A foot. 12 Z. dictyoca'ri'a (D. C. prod. 2. p. 317.) leaflets lanceo- late ; bracteas ovate-sagittate, acuminated, shorter than the le- gumes, a little ciliated and rather glandular, hardly 5-nerved ; joints of legume unarmed, glabrous, reticulated. ©. H. Na- tive of New Holland. Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. hoU. no. 610. Net fruited Zornia.. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. i foot. * * Leaves bearing 4 leaflets at the ajiex of each j'etiole. 13 Z. tetraphy'lla (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 76. t. 41.) leaflets 4, digitate, oblong, acuminated ; bracteas glabrous, length of legumes, 5-nerved ; prickles of legume rather scabrous. %. F. Native of Carolina, in sandy fields. Anonymos brac- teata, Walt. car. 181. Z. bracteata, Gmel. syst. 1096. Hedy- sarum tetraphyllum. Lam. diet. 2. p. 405. but not of Thunb. Foar-leaflelted Zornia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 ft. 14 Z. Cape'nsis (Pers. ench. 2. p. 317.) leaflets 3-4, oblong, rather acute, dotted beneath ; bracteas semisagittate at the base, but ovate at the top ; legumes 4-jointed, reticidately scabrous. ©. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in the interior of the country. Hedy'sarum tetraphyllum, Thimb. nov. act. ups. 6. p. 44. t. 3. fl. cap. 595. Z. heterophylla. Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 5. Cape Zornia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. | to i foot. Cult. See Myriadenus, p. 279. for cidture and propagation. CXLVin. STYLOSA'NTHES (from (rrvXos, stijlos, a style, a>'6oc, anthos, a flower ; in allusion to the flower having a long style). Swartz, prod. 108. act. holm. 1789. p. 296. fl. ind. occ. 1280. t. 25. Lam. ill. t. 627. D. C. prod. 2. p. 317. Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Decdndria. Tube of calyx very long and slender, with a 5-parted limb ; the lobes unequal. Co- rolla inserted in the throat of the tube of the calyx. Keel minute, bifid at the apex. Stamens monadelphous, having the tube or sheath cleft in front. Ovary sessile. Style filiform. LEGUMINOSi-E. CXLVIII. Stylosantiies. CXLIX. Adesmia. 281 very lone; and straif;lit, crowned by a capitate, hispid stigma. Legume having 2 1 -seeded joints, the upper joint actnninated and hooked at tlie apex tVoni tlic permanent base of tlie style. — Small lierl)s or subshrnhs, with branching stems, trifoliate leaves, having the middle leaflet almost sessile. Stipulas adnate to the petioles. Spikes of flowers terminal, dense, imbricated by the stipulas and bractcas. Flowers small, yellow. 1 S. pkocu'mbens (Swartz, in act. holm. 1. c. t. 11. f. 1. fl. ind. occ. .'5. p. 1282.) stem suftVuticose, procumbent, clothed with adpressed pubescence at the apex ; leaflets oblong, acute, glabrous, lined ; spikes many-flowered. Ij . S. Native of Jamaica, St. Domingo, Porto Rico, and Guadaloupe, in waste grassy fields.— Sloan, hist. 1. t. 119. f. 2. Hcdy'sarum hania- tum o, Lin. spec. 1056. Ononis cerrifolia, Keichb. in Sieb. pi. exsic. seneg. no. ^7. ProcMwtcn? Stylosantiies. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1821. Sh. pr. 2 S. ere'cta (Beauv. fl. d'ow. 2. p. 28. t. 77.) stem erect, glabrous ; leaflets ovate-oblong, glabrous, as well as the stipulas ; spikes many-flowered, elongated. ©. S. Native of tropical Africa, on the western coast. Erect Stylosanthes. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. Shrub 1 ft. 3 S. viscosA (Swartz, in act. holm. 1. c. t. 9. f. 2. fl. ind. occ. 3. p. 1285.) shrubby, erect ; branches clothed with clammy hairs ; leaflets elliptic, mncronate, ciliately serrulated, hairy ; spikes few-flowered. f; . S. Native of the south of Jamaica and Mexico, in sandy mountainous places. — Sloan, hist. I. t. 119. f. 1. Hedvsarnm hamatum /5, Lin. spec. 1056. C/o;nm/ Stylosanthes. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1 ft. 4 S. mucrona'ta (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1 166.) stem sufftuticose ; branches pubescently hairy ; leaflets oblong-ovate, pubescent b( neath, ciliately serrulated ; spikes few-flowered ; bracteas ciliated. 1/ . S. Native of Ceylon and Tranquebar, in sandy ji'aces. — Burm. zevl. t. 106. f. 2. Hedysarum hamatum, Burm. ind. 167. Arachis fruticosa, Retz. obs. 5. p. 26., but the stems are said to be erect, but in the specimens which have been examined they appear to be diffuse, but according to the description of Burmann, they are procumbent. Mucronatc Stylosanthes. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. diff. 5 S. rIgida (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 310.) stem shrubby ; branches straight ; leaflets almost sessile, oblong, mucronate, coriaceous, shining above, rather tomentose and reticulately wrinkled be- neath ; spikes short, few-flowered ; bracteas ovate, minute. f^ . S. Native of Brazil. Stiff Stylosanthes. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 6 S. hu'milis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 506. t. 59-1.) stems tufted and somewhat dichotomously branched, and marked with a hairy line ; leaflets oblong, and are as well as the calyxes ciliated; stipulas hispid, falcate, subulate at the apex; flowers axillary, sessile; legumes ending in a hooked awn, reticulated, hispid. I7 . S. Native of South America, on the Orinoca, near Carichana, in very warm places. Humble Stylosanthes. Shrub procumbent. 7 S. GEVTiNOSA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) plant procumbent and clothed with clammy hairs ; leaflets spatulateor obovate-oblong; flowers axillarj', solitary, sessile : stipulas ovate-lanceolate, 4- nerved. 1/. S. Native of Mexico, near Aeapulco, in sandy places. Flowers red. Gliilhwiis Stylosanthes. PI. procumbent. 8 S. TENUiFOLiA ; Stem erect, branched ; leaflets linear, acute, stiff; flowers numerous, disposed in terminal spikes. Q. S. Native of Maranham. Fiiie-leavcd Stylosanthes. PI. 1 foot. 9 S. ela'tior (Swartz, in act. holm. 1. c. t. 11. f. 2.) stem herbaceous, erect, with one side pubescent only ; leaflets lan- ceolate, glabrous; spikes few- flowered ; bracteas lanceolate, ciliated. ■y..F. Native of North America, from Pennsylvania VOL. II. to Carolina, and of Guadaloupe.— Pluk. aim. t. 447. f. 7. Tri- folium biflorum, Liu. spec. 1088. Arachis aprica, Walt, carol. 182. S. his])ida, Michx. but not of Rich. Taller Stylosanthes. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 10 S. cRA^ciLis (H. B. et Kunth, L c. t. 596.) stem erect, marked with a pubescent line, rather hispid at the apex ; leaflets linear, pubcrulous ; young stipulas and bracteas hispid ; flowers disposed in terminal glomerate heads, which are involucrated with bracteas ; legumes glabrous, ending in a hooked mucrone, and having a few glandular tubercles at the apex. ©. H. Na- tive of Mount TuriiTiiriipiiri, in the province of New Andalusia. Slender Stylosanthes. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 11 S. Hi'sriBA (Rich, in act. soc. h. n. par. 1792. p. 112.) stems herbaceous, glabrous, diffuse ; leaflets lanceolate, mucro- nate, hispid ; stipulas and bracteas ciliated, hispid; spikes many- flowered. !(.. S. Native of Cayenne. His]>id Stylosanthes. PI. diff'iise. 12 S. Guinee'ksis ; plant suffruticose, much branched, as- cending ; leaflets small, oblong-lanceolate, mucronate ; stipulas sheath-!ormed, mucronate; pedicels short, 1-flowered, axillary. (j . S. Native of Cape Coast. Guinea Stylosanthes. .Shrub 1 foot. 13 S. Guiane'nsis (Swartz, in act. holm. 1. c.) stem herba- ceous, erect, hairy ; leaflets lanceolate, pubescent, longer than the petioles; stipulas and bracteas hispid; spikes many-flowered. O. S. Native of French Guiana, in meadows, and near Mari- quito, in New Granada. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 508. Trifolium Guianense, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 776. t. 309. Guiana Stylosanthes. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 3 ft. Cvlt. This genus contains plants of no beauty, and are there- fore not worth cultivating, unless in botanical gardens. The annual species should be treated like tlie species of Zurnia. The shrubby and perennial herbaceous kinds like other stove plants. They are all most easily increased by seeds. CXLIX. ADE'SMIA (from a, priv. and SeafiOQ, des7nos, a bond ; in reference to the stamens being free). D. C. ann. sc. nat. 4. p. 94. Jan. 1825. legum. mem. vii. prod. 2. p. 318. LiN. sysT. Decdndria, Monogijnia. Calyx 5-cleft, with the segments acute and nearly equal. Corolla papilionaceous. \ ex- illum complicated above the rest of the petals when young. Keel curved and truncate at the apex. Stamens distinct, ap- proximate. Legume compressed, transversely many-jointed, having the upper suture straight and thickish, but the lower suture is sinuately lobed ; joints 1-seeded, nearly orbicular, at length separating from each other. Seeds compressed, reni- formly orbicular. — South American herbs, with lanceolate sti- pulas, abruptly pinnate leaves, ending in a bristle, axillary, 1- flowered pedicels, or the flowers are disposed in something like racemes at the tops of the branches, in consequence of the upper leaves being abortive. Dr. Hooker's arrangement of the species of this genus is here adopted. Sect. L A'nnu.e. Annual herbs, having the lower flowers ax- illary, solitary, and pedicellate, but the upper ones form a panicle at the tops of the branches, in consequence of the upper leaves being abortive. Flowers yellow. The plants contained in this section have the habit of Smithia. 1 A. MURicA^TA (D. C. in ann. sc. nat. 4. p. 9t. jan.^ 1825.) stem decumbent, scabrous from glands ; leaves with 5-7 pairs of obovate, einarginate leaflets, having scabrous m-irgins ; pedi- cels axillary, and also disposed in terminal racemes ; legumes with 6-8 miiricated joints. ©. H. Native of Patagonia. Hedy- sarum muricaluni, Jacci. icon. rar. t. 568. coll. 5. p. 115. jEschinomene Patagoiiica, Hortul. Patagonium hedysarokles, Schranck. in munch, denschr. 1808. p. 91. Hedysarum pimpi- nella-folium, Poir. diet. 6. p. 447. O o 282 LEGUMINOSiE. CXLIX. Adesmia. Mi(ricated-\MAdL'H. Adesmia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1793. PI. decumbent. 2 A. S.MiTHLE (D. C. 1. c.) stems decumbent, pubescent: leaves with 5 pairs of cuneate, emarginate, pubescent leaflets ; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered, shorter than the leaves ; joints of legume 4-8, pilose. ©. S. Native of South America. Like ^. miiricata, but the down on the stems is soft, not glandular, and clammy, and the pedicels are all axillary. Habit of Smithia, Smith's Adesmia. PI. decumbent. 3 A.iiispiDULA(D. C. 1. c. t. 48.) stems diffuse, puberulous, and witli tlie petioles and peduncles scabrous from a few retrograde spines ; leaves with 4-0 pairs of oblong, obtuse leaflets, which are a little toothed at the apex and pilose on the margins ; pe- dicels axillary, 1 -flowered; joints of legume 4-8, furnished in the centre with feathery bristles. 0. S. Native of Peru. Ms- chinomene hispidula. Lag. nov. gen. et spec. p. 22. no. 297. Hedysarum pendulum, var. ft, Poir. diet. G. p. 449, ex Desv. Hedysarum uniflorum, Domb. herb. Hispid Adesmia. PI. diftuse. 4 A. tene'lla (Hook, in Beech, voy. p. 19.) plant pubes- cently-hairy, glandless ; stems procumbent, simple; leaves with 3-4 pairs of obovate, obtuse, or retuse leaflets, and sometimes furnished with a terminal one ; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered, lower ones equal in length to the leaves ; calycine segments ovate-lanceolate ; legimie with 2-3 muricated joints, equal in length to the calyx. ©. H. Native of Chili, on hills near Valparaiso. Tender Adesmia. PI. procumbent. 5 A. ANGUsTiFOLiA (Hook, in Beech, voy. p. 19.) plant pu- bescently hairy, glandless ; stems procumbent ; leaves with 4-5 pairs of remote, linear, bluntish leaflets; pedicels 1 -flowered, lower ones shorter than the leaves ; calycine segments lanceo- late ; legume 5-6-jointed, beset with a few plumose stiff bristles, twice the length of the calyx. ©. H. Native about Valparaiso. Nanoiv-leaJJetled Adesmia. PI. procumbent. Sect. II. Pere'nnes. Perennial herbs, with very long, ter- minal leafless racemes, and panicles. Flowers yellow. Plants with the habit of Onohryckis. 6 A. denta'ta (D. C. in ann. so. nat. 4. p. 94. jan. 1825. legum. mem. t. 49.) stem erect, beset with glandular pubes- cence ; leaves with 4-5 pairs of obovate, truncate leaflets, which are deeply serrated at the apex, when young rather villous ; joints of legume 4-8, muricated. Ij. . S. Native of South America. .Slschindmene dent^ta, Lag. nov. gen. et spec. p. 22. no. 296. roo^/ffrf-leafletted Adesmia. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 7 A. BicoLOR (D. C. 1. c.) stems prostrate; leaves with 9-12 pairs of lanceolate, acute, entire, pubescent leaflets ; stipulas conforming to the leaves ; racemes very long, opposite the leaves ; joints of legume G-8, rounded in front, and clothed with very short pubescence, i;. S. Native of Montevideo, on rocks by the sea-side and in the sand. Hedysarum bicolorum, Poir. diet. C. p. 448. Pedicels C-8 lines long. Flowers rather large, red on the outside but yellow on the inside. Two-colomed-^owexcA Adesmia. PI. ])rostrate. 8 A. pe'ndi LA (D. C. I.e.) stems difluse, hardly pubescent ; leaves with 7-9 pairs of oval-oblong, entire, pubescent leaflets ; racemes elongated ; lower flowers distant ; legumes pendulous, with 7-S rather hispid joints. 11. S. Native of Monte Video and Buenos Ayres. Hedysarum pendulum, Poir. diet. G. p. 449. var. a. Flowers yellow, but reddish on the outside. PcJirfi(/o«.s-poddcd Adesmia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825. PI. diffuse. 9 A. puncta'ta (D. C. 1. c.) stems procumbent, beset with glandular pili ; leaves with 9-12 pairs of linear, obtuse, entire, 7 rather mucronate, pubescent, ciliated leaflets ; racemes spicate, crowded with flowers ; joints of legume 4-8, oblong, hairy, and dotted with black. % . S. Native of Monte Video and Buenos Ayres. Hedysarum punctatum, Poir. diet. G. p. 447. Caly- cine segments linear-subulate. Flowers apparently purplish on the outside. Z)o»erf-podded Adesmia. PI. procumbent. 10 A. TAProsA (D. C. 1. c. with a figure) stem ascending, leafy and villous at the base; leaves with 8-10 pairs of obovate, retuse, mucronate, entire, rather pilose leaflets, when young pubescent beneath ; racemes terminal, compound, very long, glabrous, pedunculate, many-flowered ; calyx glandless ; base of vexillum with a tuft of hairs ; legume with 2 joints, beset with soft plumose bristles. % . G. Native of Chili, ^schi- nomene papposa, Lag. nov. gen. et spec. p. 23. no. 298. He- dysarum papposum, Lher. ined. Flowers small, with a reflexed vexillum. Stamens probably only 5. Habit almost of Oxy- trojis dejiexa. Z)on ny-bristled Adesmia. Fl. Ju. Jid. Clt. 1823. Phase. 11 A. longise'ta (D. C. 1. c.) plant decumbent, villous; leaves with C-7 pairs of obovate, mucronulate leaflets, which are villous on both surfaces ; racemes almost terminal ; flowers distant, on long pedicels ; calyxes glandular ; legumes 2- jointed, beset with long, plumose stiff bristles. 1/ . S. Native of South America. Herb almost with the habit of AnlliylUs montana, the flowers of Ononis, the legumes of Onobrychis, and the stamens of Sophora. Long-bristled-itodded Adesmia. PI. decumbent. 12 A. confe'rta (Hook, in Beech, voy. p. 20.) plant ascend- ing, pubescent ; leaves with G pairs of obovate-oblong, retuse, mucronate leaflets ; racemes terminal, compound, beset with black glands, many-flowered ; fructiferous pedicels deflexed ; calycine segments ovate ; legume 3-4-jointed, muricated, and glandular. '2^.0. Native of Chili. Crowded-fiowered Adesmia. PI. ascending. 13 A. FRUTicuLOSA ; Stem decumbent, pilose, as well as the petioles ; leaves with numerous pairs of small, lanceolate, mu- cronate leaflets ; peduncles few-flowered, shorter than the leaves; legumes 3-4-jointed, hairy, and muricated. Tf. . S. Native of Mexico. yEschinomene fruticulosa, N. E. herb. Lamb. Fruliculose Adesmia. PI. decumbent. 14 A. MiMosoiDES ; plant procumbent; branches and petioles villously pubescent ; leaves with numerous, linear, alternate, sessile, obtuse, mucronate leaflets, which are oblique at the base ; pedicels short, 1 -flowered. ^ . S. Native of Mexico. JEs- chinomene mimosoides, N. E. in herb. Lamb. Miviosa-lihe Adesmia. PI. procumbent. Sect. IIL Spinos/e. Stems shrubby, spinose. There are numerous unpublished species belonging to this section in Dr. Gillies's herbarium. 15 A. microphy'lla (Hook, in Beech, voy. p. 19. t. 9. Lodd. hot. cab. 1691.) stem shrubby, much branched ; branches stri- ated, pubescent, divaricate, spinose ; leaves with 6 pairs of small, orbicular leaflets, on short petioles, pubescent ; racemes of flowers somewhat capitate, terminal, simple, spinescent ; brae- teas orbicular ; legumes 3-jointed, covered with long plumose bristles, which are stiff and naked at the base. T; . G. Native of Valparaiso. Plant dichotomous, resembling furze. Stamens and petals free. Small-leaved Adesmia. Fl. summer. Clt. 1826. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 16 A. GLUTiNOsA (Hook, in Beech, voy. p. 19.) stem shrubby, branched ; branches spreading, beset with glandular, glutinous hairs, spinose ; leaves with about 3 pairs of elliptic, hairy leaf- lets ; racemes elongated, terminal, simple, spinescent, and are as well as the linear bracteas clothed with white hairs ; legumes LEGUMINOSyE. CXLIX. Adesmia. CL. iEsciivNOMENE. 28,'J 3-jointed, very long, clothed with plumose bristles. ^ . Native of Chili, al)out Co(niinibo. Glutinous Adesmia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. G. Sect. IV. Fruticos.e. Plants shrubby, unarmed. 17 A. BALSAJiiFERA (Hook, in lieecli. voy. j). 20.) plants densely beset with resinous glands ; stem nnich branched ; leaves with usually 10 pairs of cuneate-oblonf^ leaflets, usually ending in an odd one; legume C-jointed, silky when young. ^2^ G, Native of Ciiili, where it is called c/rtr/7/((. Mimosa balsamica, Feuill. cliil. 1. p. \3L The plant, besides being of great beauty, yields a b.ilsam of a highly .agreeable odour, which is percept- able at a great distance, and is found to be of great efficacy in healing wounds. Balsam-hearing Adesmia. Shrub. 18 A. FLORiBU NDA ; plant crcct, shrubby; branches pubes- cent ; leaves with numerous pairs of lanceolate-oblong, mucro- nate, villous leaflets, which are obtuse at both ends and villous beneath as well as the petioles ; peduncles axillary, few-flowered, aggregate, short, forming a panicled raceme at the tops of the branches, in consequence of tiie upper leaves being abortive. T; . G. Native of Mexico. jEsehinomene, spec. nov. N. E. in herb. Lamb. An elegant shrub. BmuUe-Jlowered Adesmia. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. Cult. The annual species should be treated in the same manner as that recommended for l\Ii/riadenus, see p. 279. Tlie shrubby and perennial kinds will grow well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and they m.iy be propagated either by young cuttings, planted in sand, with a hand-glass placed over them ; those of the stove species in heat, or by seeds, the latter mode is to be preferred. CL. iESCHYNO'MENE (from aifrxy>'<<>t aischitno, to be ashamed : in reference to the leaves of some of the species fall- ing on the slightest touch, like those of the sensitive plant). Lin. gen. SS8. Lam. ill. 629. Beauv. fl. d'ow. 1. p. 88. R.Brown, in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. !•. p. 336. Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 124. t. 6. f. 26. D. C. prod. 2. p. 320, but not of Jaum. Lin. syst. Diadilpliia, Decandria. Calyx 5-cleft, bila- biate, upper lip bifid, lower one trifid or tridentate. Corolla papilionaceous. Stamens 10, joined into 2 equal bundles or sets. Legume compressed, transversely articulated, straight, and ex- serted. Seeds compressed, solitary in the joints. — Tropical herbs and shrubs, with impari-pinnate leaves, having many pairs of leaflets, semisagittate stipulas, axillary racemes of yellow flowers, each furnished with 2 opposite bracteas just under the calyx. 1 IE. a'spera (Lin. spec. 1060.) stem herbaceous, erect, te- rete ; leaves with 30-40 pairs of linear leaflets, which are smooth as well as the legumes ; racemes compound ; peduncles, brac- teas, calyxes, and corollas hispid. H . S. Native of the East Indies and Cochin-china. M, lagenaria. Lour, cochin, p. 446. M. paludosa, Roxb. JE. lagenirium, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 57. Breyn. cent. 51. t. 52. Stipulas ending in a long aciunen each. The centres of the joints of the legume are scabrous from tubercles. The substance known by the name of rice-paper is the pro- duce of /E. aspera ; when held between the eye and the light its beautiful cellular tissue is discoverable. Dr. Living- stone first brought from China to Europe a quantity of this substance, which he presented about 26 years ago to Miss Jane Jack, who was celebrated for the beauty and accuracy of her artificial flowers. Formed of rice-paper they obtained additional celebrity, fetched very high prices, and were eagerly sought for by persons of the greatest rank and most acknowledged taste. For a bouquet which Miss Jack presented to the late Princess Charlotte of Wales, she received the regal present of 70/. When Dr. Livingstone first procured the rice-paper from the Chinese, the pieces did not exceed 4 inches square ; they were dyed of various shades and colours, and cost about 6(/. each square. Since that time the price has been much reduced, and the size of the pieces increased, so as to be upwards of a foot long and 5 inches across. The tinted pieces are emplovcd by the Chinese for their artificial flowers, and the plain wliiie for making drawings ujjon. Now this material is so nnuh esteemed in Euro))e, that it is in request with people of all nations who visit Canton. The same substance is also known in our possessions in the East Indies, where it grows abundantly in the marshy plains of Bengal, and on the borders of the jeels, or extensive lakes in every province between Calcutta ;in(l Hurdwar. The plant is perennial and of low growth, and seldom exceeds a diameter of 2i inches in the stem. It is brought to the Calcutta bazaars in great quantities in a green state, and the thickest stems are cut into laminae, from which the natives form artificial flowers and various fancy ornaments to decorate their shrines at Hindoo festivals. The Indians make hats of rice-paper, by cementing together as many leaves as will produce the requisite thickness ; in this way any kind of shai)e may be formed, and when covered with silk or cloth the hats are strong and inconceivably light. It is an article of great use to fishermen ; it forms floats of the best description to their nets. The slender stems of the plant are bundled into fascines, about 3 feet long, and with one of these under his arm, docs every fisherman go out to his daily occupation. With his net on his shoulders he ])rocceds to work without a boat, and stretches it into the deepest and most extensive lakes, supported by his buoyant faggot. The cutting the material into lamin£E is performed vertically round the stem. The most perfect stems are selected for this purpose, but few are found sufficiently fiee from knots to pro- duce a cutting of more than 9 or 10 inches in length. The Bengalee name of the plant is Shola, commonly pronounced Sola, Kalh-shola, and Pliool-sliola. Rough jEschynomcne. Fl. June, Jul. CIt. 1759. Sh. 6 to 8 ft. 2 JE. SENSiTivA (Svvartz, fl. ind. occ. 3. p. 1276.) stem shrubby, smooth, terete; leaves with 16-20 pairs of linear leaf- lets ; legumes and racemes glabrous ; peduncles branched, few- flowered ; joints of legume 6-10, nearly quadrangular, smooth hi the middle, but rather pilose at the upper suture. I7 . .*>. Native of Jamaica, Martinico, and Brazil, in sandy places, and on the banks of rivulets. Leaves falling on being touched. Flowers white. Sensitive ^schynomene. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1733. Sh. 3 to 6 feet. 3 JE. MAcRo'poDA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 320.) stem herbaceous, terete, scabrous at the apex as well as the branches, peduncles, and petioles ; leaves with 10-12 pairs of linear leaflets; pedun- cles few-flowered ; joints of legume 5-7, smooth, the stipe 3 times the length of the lower joint. Q. S. Native of Senegal. Stamens monadclphous at the base, but easily separated into 2 bundles, even in a dried state. Stipulas small. I'ar. li, Bclvlsii (D. C. prod. 2. p. 320.) leaves with 10 pairs of glabrous leaflets ; peduncles branched, few-flowered, clothed with glandular pubescence ; joints of legume 4-6, scabrous in the middle. fj . S. Native of Prince's Island, on the western coast of Africa. JE. sensitiva, Beauv. fl. d'ow. 1. p. 89. t. 53. Long-footed--poi\i\ei\ jEschynomcne. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 4 .-E. sulca'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 530.) arborescent ; branches striated from furrows, rather flexuous, glabrous, when young hispid as well as the peduncles ; leaves with 1 7-21 pairs of linear, mucronate leaflets, which arc glabrous as well as the calyxes ; bracteas ciliated ; joints of legume 7-9, o o 2 284 LEGUMINOS/E. CL. jEsciiynomene. glabrous. tj . S. Native of New Andalusia, near Bordones, in shady woods. Furron'ed-stemmed iEschynomene. Shrub 10 to 12 feet. 5 JE. iiispi'dula (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 530.) arborescent ; branches striated and rather Hexuous ; racliis, pe- duncles, and legumes hispid from tubercles; peduncles few- flowered; leaves with 15-20 pairs of oblong-linear, somewhat mucronulate leaflets, which are glabrous as well as the calyxes ; stipidas and bracteas ciliated. Ij . S. Native of South America, on the banks of the river Magdalena, near Badilla. Hispid-]cgumeci ^schynomene. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 6 it). I'ndica (Lin. spec. lOGl.) stem herbaceous, erect, te- rete, glabrous as well as tlie leaves ; leaves with 15-20 pairs of linear leaflets ; peduncles few-flowered ; legumes glabrous, dotted; joints 10-12, straight on one side and rounded on tlie other. ©. S. Native of the East Indies and Guinea. Hedy- sarum, Neli Tali. Roxb. hort. beng. 57.— Rheed. mal. 9. t. 18. Flowers yellow. Indian JEschynomene. Fl. Jime, Jul. Clt. 1799. PI. 2 to 3 ft. 7 IE. glabe'rrima (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 76.) stem erect, terete, glabrous as well as the leaves ; leaves with 30-35 pairs of linear leaflets; peduncles few- flowered ; legumes glabrous, dotted, having 10-12 joints, which are straight on one side and rounded on the other. 0. H. Native of Carolina, where it is perhaps spontaneous. Quite-smooth Jischynomene. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 8 JE. AMERicA'NA(Lin. spec. 1061.) stem erect, terete, hispid; leaves with 10-20 pairs of linear, mucronate, rather ciliated leaflets ; racemes simple, few-flowered ; legumes glabrous, dot- less, having 4-8 joints, which are straight on one side and rounded on the other. 0. S. Native of the West Indies. Lam. ill. t. 629. f. 2.— Sloan, jam. 1. t. 118. f. 3. There is a variety of this plant having a dwarfer, almost glabrous stem. Flowers brownish-yellow. ^menca^i ^schynomene. Fl. Jid. Aug. Clt. 1732. PI. 3 ft. 9 JE. Guayaqiile'nsis ; shrubby ; plant hispid ; leaves with numerous pairs of linear, obtuse, mucronate, smooth leaflets, which are serrated at the apex ; peduncles few-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; bracteas ovate, cordate, cuspidate, ciliately ser- rated ; joints of legume 6-8, smooth, straight on one side and rounded on the other ; stipulas semisagittate. 1; . S. Native of Guayatiuil. ^.schynomene species, Guayaquil, Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb, along with the two following. Guayaquil vEschynomene. Slirub 2 to 3 feet. 10 iE. i'luriarticula'ta ; plant herbaceous, smootli, erect; leaflets linear, obtuse, glabrous ; peduncles few-flowered ; joints of legume 14-18, smooth; bracteas large, serrated. ©. S. Native of Guayaquil. Stipulas large, semisagittate. J^lanii-joinled-Xeguxned. ^Eschynomene. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 11 IE. sca'bra; plant herbaceous, liispid ; leaves with nume- rous pairs of linear leaflets, which are obtuse at both ends ; peduncles few-flowered ; bracteas serrated ; joints of legume muricated in the centre. ©. S. Native of Guayaquil. Scabrous jEschynomene. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 12 JE. pa~tula (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 78.) stem suffruticose ; brandies spreading, hispid at the apex; leaves with 10-15 pairs of glabrous, linear, obtuse, hardly mucronulate leaflets ; racemes simple, few- flowered ; joints of legume 4-5, semi-orbicidar, pu- berulous. T; . S. Nativeof the Mauritius. Perhaps a variety of yE. Americana. Spreading M&chynomene. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. Shrub traiUng. 13 JE. pu'mila (Lin. spec. 1061.) stem herbaceous, smooth, rather diffuse ; leaflets linear, obtuse, mucronulate, 10-15 pairs; racemes few-flowered ; legumes glabrous, having a few joints which are straight on one side and rounded on the other, and IS scabrous in the centre. ©. S. Native of the East Indies. — Rheed. mal. 9. t. 21. Z)«'«r/ iEschynomene. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. ^ ft. 14 JE. pleurone'rvia (D. C. prod. 2. p. 321.) stem terete, almost erect, clothed with adprcsscd pubescence, as well as the petioles and nerves; leaves with 20 pairs of semi-lanceolate leaflets, having almost a lateral nerve ; stipidas lanceolate, striated, not produced at the base ; racemes few-flowered, almost ter- minal ; legumes pubescent, with a few distinct joints, which are straight on one side and rounded on the other. 0. ? S. Na- tive of St. Domingo. Smithia Domingensis, Balb. herb. In some specimens of this plant the stamens are monadelphous, but in others they are diadeljihous. iS'i'rfe-neri'erf-leafletted /Eschynomene. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 15 IE. DiFFu'sA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1164.) stem herbaceous, smooth, difliise ; leaflets linear, obtuse; peduncles hispid, 1- flowered ; joints of legume straight on one side and rounded on the other, and scabrous in the centre. 0. S. Nativeof Tran- quebar. Stem branched much at the base. Diffuse iEschynomene. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 16 yE. suBviscosA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 321.) stem herbaceous, erect, scabrous from small tubercles and pili, which are tipped with glands ; leaflets linear, obtuse, glabrous ; peduncles usually 2-flowered, and are as well as the legumes beset with glandular hairs. 0. S. Native of the East Indies. jE. viscidula, Roxb. hort. beng. in Willd. enum. 776. but not of Mich. JE. Rox- bi'irgii, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 322. Flowers having the vexillum streaked and spotted with red, the wings of a dirty-yellow co- lour, and the keel violaceous at the apex. Rather-ckminiy &%c\\ynomene. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 17 JE. GLANDULosA (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 76.) stem shrubby, beset with glandular hairs ; leaflets linear, mucronate ; peduncles few- flowered ; joints of legume 4-5, semiarticulated, furnished with small prickles in the centre. Ij . S. Nativeof Porto Rico. Very like JE. Americana. Glandular jEschynomene. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 18 jE. viLLOSA (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 76.) stem suft'ruticose, terete, villous ; leaflets linear, obtuse, nearly glabrous ; racemes axillary, divaricate ; legumes clothed with glandular pili. f^ • S. Native of Porto Rico. Corolla small, white. Perhaps not sufficiently distinct from /E. glandulbsa. f'illous iEschynomene. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 19 JE. iiispiDA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1163.) stem herbaceous, erect, hispid ; leaves with 20-25 pairs of linear obtuse leaflets ; racemes simple, 3-5-flovvered ; legumes distinctly stipitate, 6-9- jointed, hispid. 0. H. Nativeof North America, from Phila- delphia to Carolina. Hedy'sarum Virginicum, Lin. ex Pursh. Flowers yellow, veined with red. Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 111. The hairs on the legume are scattered, and tubercularly glan- dular at the base. His2)id iEschynomene. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1803. PI. 2 to 3 ft. 20 JE. LATiFOLiA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 322.) leaflets oblong, mucronate, glabrous ; racemes inany-flovvered, bracteate, and are as well as the legumes hispid. ©. S. Native of Monte Video. Broad-leaved jEschynomene. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 21 JE. pube'rula (D. C. prod. 2. p. 321.) stem, leaves, and peduncles beset with scabrous down; leaves with 10 pairs of elliptic-linear, obtuse, mucronate leaflets ; racemes short, branched, crowded, many-flowered ; stipulas linear-subulate, striated ; le- gumes with few joints. ^ . S. Native of South America. Branches terete, and probably suffruticose. Calyxes and brac- teoles small. Puhcrulous jJilschynomene. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 22 JE. hy'strix (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 77.) stem terete, and is as well as the petioles and peduncles rough from long, yellow bris- LEGUMIXOSiE. CL. ^sciivnomene. 285 tics ; leaves «itli 1 0 pairs of oval-linear, obtuse, niiicronate leaflets; peduncles coiiipouiul, niany-ttowered, shorter tlian tlie ii'avcs ; pedicels recurved ; legumes glabrous, having few joints. I; . ? S. Native of Cayenne. JE. cassiokles, Desv. Porcupine ^Eschynonienc. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. '2S JE. I'Aici'juoA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 321.) stern terete, beset with bristly, rather glandular hairs, as well as the petioles, pe- iluncles, and bractcas ; leaves with 4-o pairs of obovate, obtuse, rather mucronate leaflets, which are hardly pubescent; racemes niany-ilowered, compound ; stipulas and bractcas ovate, acute, striated ; legumes smoothish. I; . ? S. Native of Cayenne. far. ji, siilmabra (D. C. 1. c.) legume scabrous from short stiff down. Native of South America. /Vn'-pa(Vt'(/-leaflcttcd j^schynoniene. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 24 iE. micra'xtiia (D. C. prod. 2. p. 321.) stems herba- ceous, procumbent, pubescent ; leaves with 2- 1 pairs of small obovate-roundisli, rather mucronate leaflets, which are scarcely |>ubescent ; pedicels axillary, 1-2-flowered, length of leaves; joints of legume glabrous, compressed, nearly orbicular. It. S. Native of Madagascar. Hedy'saruni micranthos, Poir, diet. 6. p. 4'1-G. Leaves impari-pinnate. Small-Jloivcnd yEschynomene. PI. prostrate. 25 2E. visciDULA (Alichx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 75. but not of Willd.) plant clothed with clammy pubescence ; steins herba- ceous, slender, prostrate ; leaves with 3-4 pairs of obovate leaf- lets; peduncles 1-2-flowered; legumes pubescent, with 2 oval- roundish joints. Q. H. Native of Florida and Cumberland Island, in sandy places. Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 111. JE. pros- trala, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 76. This plant has very much the habit of a species of Smilhia. rucifi yEschynomene. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.'lSlG. PI. pros. 26 JE. falca'ta (D. C. prod. 2. p. 322.) stem mucli branched, villous ; leaves with 2-3 pairs of obovate, cuneated, villous leaf- lets ; peduncles usually 2-flowered, elongated; legumes falcate, with roundish pubescent joints. — Native of Brazil, at Rio Janeiro. Hedysarum falcatum, Poir. diet. 6. p. 448. /"(j/cfl^f-podded yEschynomene. PL 1 foot. 27 yE. Brasilia^na (D. C. prod. 2. p. 322.) stems difl^lise, clothed with glandidar pili ; leaves w itii 5-6 pairs of ovate-elliptic, pubescent, rather ciliated leaflets ; racemes divaricate, loose ; joints of legume rather inflated, hispid, and clammy. — Native of Brazil, at Rio Janeiro. Hedysarum Brasilianum, Poir. diet. 6. p. 448. Brazilian j3ischynomene. PI. diffuse. 28 JE. microi'Hy'lla (Desv. ined. in herb. mus. paris. D. C. prod. 2. p. 322.) stem terete, clothed with stiff' villi; leaves with 20-30 pairs of pubescent, oblong, obtuse, much crowded, small leaflets ; racemes much longer than the leaves ; legumes glabrous, having 1-2 semi-ovate joints. — Native of Brazil. Bractcas 3, permanent at the origin of the pedicels, and 3 times shorter than them. Bracteoles 2, adpressed under the bilabiate calyx. Small-leaved ^schynomene. PI. 1 foot. 29 yE. e'legaks (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnaea. 5. p. 583.) plant herbaceous ; stems diffuse, weak, terete, beset with spread- ing pili at the apex ; leaves with 5-8 pairs of elliptic, obtuse, mucronate leaflets, which are clothed with adpressed pili ; sti- pulas lanceolate, ciliately-serrated ; racemes 5-7-flowcred, much longer than the leaves ; legume on a long stipe, which is one- half the length of the legume, puberulous, and usually w ith 6 joints. ©. S. Native of Mexico, on hills near Jalapa, and at Hacienda de la Laguna. iE. mimosoides, Sesse et Moc. mss. Stems rather flexuous. Elegant iEschynomene. PI. 3 feet. 30 JE. fascicui.a~kis (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnaa. 5. p. .uSl.) shruljby, erect, clothed with somewhat strigose, adpressed. cinereous down ; branches angular ; leaves with 20 or more pairs of linear, acute, mucronate leaflets, which are almost glabrous above ; racemes short, axillary ; flowers in fascicles, on short pedicels ; legume on a short stipe, 4-jointed. Ij . S. Native of Mexico, between La Laguna verde and Actopan. Leaves small. Legumes large. Stipe of legume hardly exserted from the calyx. Stipulas lanceolate, acuminate, nerved. Flowers yellow. /'oicfcw/rt /--flowered yEschynomene. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. ■\ Little known or doubtful species. 31 yE. Divi'sA (Nees et Mart, in nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 31.) stem shrubby, smooth; petioles strigose; leaves with 12-15 pairs of linear acute leaflets ; peduncles 2-3-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; joints of legume semi-orl)icular, hispid ; vexil- lum of 2 petals. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. The vexillum is said to be obcordate, and constantly composed of 2 petals, which is a circumstance not to be found in any other papilionaceous flower, but perhaps the vexillum is only profoundly bipartite, or perhaps the flower is resupinate, and the 2-petalled keel has been taken for the vexillum. Divided iEschynomene. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 32 yE. hone'sta (Nees et Mart. 1. c. p. 32.) branches hispid at the apex ; leaves with 10-11 pairs of linear, obtuse, glabrous leaflets ; legumes disposed in something like a corymb, when young clothed with hispid pubescence, but glabrous in the adult state; vexillum broad, entire. 'j.S. Native of Brazil. Said to be nearly allied to yE. sensitlva. Flowers yellow. Honest ^schynomene. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 33 JE. scopa'ria (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen, amer. 6. p. 532 ) plant diffuse ; branches elongated, tvviggj', straight, angular, and are, as well as the calyxes, clothed with silky-silvery down ; leaves with 10-14 pairs of oblong, mucronulate, half-cordate leaflets, which are clotl.ed with adpressed down on both sur- faces ; peduncles axillary, twin, few-flowered ; legumes puberu- lous, usually 3 jointed. 1^ • S- Native of Peru, near Guanca- bamba. Flowers yellow. Broom yEschynomene. Shrub diffuse. 34 JE. MOLLi'cuLA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) suffruticose ; branches elongated, clothed with yellowish-silky down ; leaves with 18-20 pairs of oblong-linear, mucronate, semi-cordate leaf- lets, which are pubescent on both surfaces, as well as the rachis and calyx ; peduncles axillary, short, few-flowered ; legumes falcate, 1-G-jointed, pubescent. ^.S. Native of South Ame- rica, in the province of Jaen de Bracamoros. Flowers yellow. Soft .lEschynomene. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 35 JE. piLosA (Poir. diet. 4. p. 450.) stem herbaceous, pilose, compressedly tetragonal at the apex ; leaflets oval, retuse, mu- cronate, glabrous ; racemes hairy, many-flowered ; joints of le- gumes scabrous in the centre. ©. S. Native of the East Indies. Nerves of leaves blackish. Pilose yEschynomene. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 36 M. pube'scens (Poir. diet. 4. p. 451.) stem herbaceous, glabrous ; branches spreading ; leaflets elliptic, retuse, mucro- nate, pubescent ; racemes terminal, glabrous, many-flowered ; calyx 5 -cleft ; joints of legume rather scabrous. ©. ? S. Na- tive of the East Indies. Pubescent yEschynomene. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 37 JE. BKEvnonA (Poir. diet. 4. p. 451.) jjlant glabrous, and dwarf; stems filiform; leaves with 2 pairs of roundish, mucro- nate, glaucous leaflets ; j)eduncles 1-2- flowered; calyx 5-toothed; legmnes on long stipes, having 3-4 rather remote joints. — Native of Madagascar. Flowers small, yellow. Short-knrcd yEschynomene. PI. ^ foot. 38 IE. iuksl'ta (D. C. prod. 2. p. 322.) stem scabrous and 286 LEGUMINOSiE. CL. /Eschynomene. CLI. Smitiiia. CLII. Lourea. hairy ; racemes 3-flowered : bracteas ciliately serrated ; legumes hairy. ©. S. Native of New Spain. M. hirta, Lag. nov. gen. et spec. 22. but not of Lam. Hirsute iEschynomene. PI. 1 foot. 39 JE. hi'kta (Lam. ill. 629. f. 1. Poir. diet. 4. p. 450.) plant hispid in every part ; stem herbaceous ; branches terete ; leaves HJtli 7-9 pairs of oval-linear mucronulate leaflets ; racemes terminal, many-flowered ; calyx 5-parted, having the lobes nearly equal, and subulate at the apex ; legumes hairy, with the joints tumid and tubercled in the centre. ©. S. Native of the East Indies. Hairy jEschynomene. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 40 JE. ARBOREA (Lin. spec. 1060.) stem arboreous, smooth ; joints of legume semi-cordate, glabrous. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers large, copper-coloured. Perhaps a species oi Desmbdium. Perhaps D. Maurilianum. Arboreous iEschynomene. Shrub 6 to 7 feet. 41 IE. ? heteropiiy'lla (Lour, cochin, p. 446.) shrubby ; branches tomentose ; lower leaves ternate, with ovate leaflets, superior ones impari-pinnate, with roundish leaflets ; peduncles many-flowered ; calyx 4-toothed ; stamens monadelphous ; le- gumes pilose, with cordate joints. Ij . G. Native of tlie north of Cochin-cliina. Flowers small, white. This plant ought cer- tainly to be removed from the present genus. Variable-leaved jEschynomene. Shrub 7 to 8 feet. 42 JE. 1 cre'pitans (Jacq. fragm. 37. t. 42. f. 2.) stem ar- boreous ; leaves glabrous, young ones decompound ; legumes stipitate, glabrous, linear, the seeds intercepted by cellular sub- stance ; the sutures prominent, but retaining the joints. 'j . S. Native of Caraccas. Perhaps a species of Ulinwsa. Rattling iEschynomene. Tree. Cult. The species of this genus require more than an ordi- nary degree of heat to preserve them through the winter, so that they are seldom kept alive through the winter in this country, and consequently never grow to a flowering state. Rich loam suits them best, and cuttings may be rooted in sand under a hand-glass in heat; however, they are not worth growing except in botanical gardens. CLI. SMl'THIA (in honour of the late Sir James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. and P.L S. founder of the Linnaean society, and possessor of the Linnaaan herbarium ; author of English Botany, English Flora, Flora Britannica, and the botanical part of Rees' cyclopaedia ; died in 1829, in the 69th year of his age). Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 3. p. 496. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 336. Lam. ill. 627. Desv. journ. hot. 3. p. 121. t. 4. f. 12. D. C. prod. 2. p. 323. Lin. ^yst. Diadelphia, Decandria. Calyx bipartite. Corolla papilionaceous. Stamens divided into 2 equal bundles. Legume transversely articulated, plicate, inclosed in the calyx. This getius is nearly allied to ALschynumcnc, but is distinguished from it in the legume being inclosed with incumbent joints. The calyx, stamens, and habit are that of /Eschijmmene, but the pods are thai oi Loiirea. 1 S. sENsmS'A (Ait. 1. c. t. 13. Sal. par. lond. t. 92.) lips of calyx entire; racemes pedunculate, 3-5-flowered. Q.S. Na- tive of the East Indies. Petagnana sensitiva, Gmel. syst. p. 1119. Coronilla Surattensis, Garc. in herb. Burm. confused with Galega senticosa, Burm. fl. ind. 172. 1/caves with many pairs of small leaflets. Plant trailing. Flowers yellow. .S'ensiiiue Smithia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1785. PI. procumbent. 2 S. confe'rta (Smith, in Rees' cycl. 33. no. 2.) lips of calyx toothed at the apex ; racemes sessile, shorter than the leaves. ©. ? S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Smithia capifita, Desv. 1. c. Flowers yellow. Crojidcd-flowered Smithia. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. PI. proc. 3 S. geminiflora (Roth. nov. spec. 352.) lips of calyx en- tire ; racemes peduncidate, 2-flowered. ©. S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers probably purple. Calyxes or bracteas ending in a setose mucrone. On the pagina of the leaf the supine bristles or hairs are more copious than in S. sensith-a. Trvin-Jlowered Smithia. Fl. July. Clt. 1810. PI. proc. •f A doubtful species. 4 S. spica'ta (Spreng. neue entd. 2. p. ICO.) spikes of flovi-ers on very short peduncles, secund, distich, very hairy ; leaves im- pari-pinnate : stem shrubby ; stamens monadelphous. Tj . S. Native of Senegambia. In every particular this plant differs from Smithia, but its legitimate genus is unknown. Spike-^oviexeA Smithia. Shrub. Cult. See Lourea for culture and propagation. CLII. LOUREA (the meaning of this name is unknown to us, but it is apparently the name of some person). Neck. elem. no. 1318. Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 122. t. 5. f. 18. D. C. prod. 2. p. i'.l3. but not of Jaum. LiN. SYST. Diadelphia, Decandria. Calyx campanulate, per- manent, 5-cleft (f. 43. a.), with equal spreading lobes, when in fruit inflated and conniving at the apex. Corolla papilionaceous, with an obcordate vexillum (f 43. d.), and an obtuse keel (f. 43. 6.). Stamens diadelphous (f. 43. c). Legume with 4-6 flat 1-seeded joints (f. 43. i.), bent backward into plaits (f. 43. i.), which nestle within the calyx — Erect Indian plants, with seta- ceous stipulas, simple or trifoliate leaves, and long terminal racemes of purple or white flowers. 1 L. vESPERTiLioNis (Desv. I. C.) FIG. 43. lateral leaflets wanting or very small, terminal one large, transversely and falcately oblong, 10-times the breadth of the length. ©. S. Na- tive of Cochin-china. Hedy'sarum vespertilionis, Lin. fil. suppl. 331. Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 566. Christia lunata, Moench. suppl. 39. Corolla white, spreading. Leaves cres- cent-shaped, 4 lines long, and 2 inches broad, variegated with yel- low, red, and green (f. 43.). Bat-ning-leaveA Lourea. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1780. PI. 2 to 4 feet. 2 L. OBcoRDA^TA (Desv. 1. c.) leaves rather pubescent ; lateral leaflets small, ovate-obcordate, rarely wanting, terminal one shorter than broad. ©. S. Native of Java and Timor. Hedy- saruiu obcordatum, Poir. diet. 6. p. 425. 0/jtorrfn(c-leaflettpd Lourea. Pi. 2 to 4 feet. 3 L. RENiFORMis (D. C. prod. 2. p. 324.) leaves simple, trans- versely-reniform, others trifoliate, with the lateral leaflets smaller and oval ; racemes opposite the leaves, and longer than them. 0. S. Native in the suburbs of Canton. Hedysarum reni- forme. Lour. coch. p. 447. exclusive of the synonymes. Hedys. Loureirii, Spreng. syst. append, p. 292. Flowers violaceous. Very like the first species. iJf»(/bn)i-leaved Lourea. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. proc. Cult. The species of Loiirca have a rather singular appear- ance from their kidney-shaped painted leaves. Being annuals their seeds should be sown in pots, filled with a mixture of peat and sand, with a little loam, and placed in a hot-bed, and when the plants have grown 2 inches high, they should be planted into separate small pots, and afterwards shifted into larger ones as they grow. LEGUMINOSiE. CLIII. Uraria. CLIV. Nicolsonia. 287 CLIII. URA'HIA (a name not explained by its author). Dcsv. joiirn. bot. 3. p. 122. t. 5. f. 19. — Doodia, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 99. but not of II. Br. — Iledysarum species of Lin. and others. Lin. syst. Diadclph'ia, Decdndria. Calyx profoundly 5-cleft, with setaceous segments. Corolla papilionaceous. Stamens dia- delplious. Legume witli a few ovate 1 -seeded joints, bent back into plaits, nestling within the calyx. — Herbs, rarely shrubs, with impari-pinnate, ternatc, or simple leaves, stipeilate leaflets, lanceolate membranous acuminated stipulas, wliich are striated lengthwise, the upper ones answering the purpose of bracteas to tlie flowers, but soon falling off. Pedicels 1 -flowered, rising in pairs from the axils of the bracteas, forming long, dense, simple, many-flowered racemes. • Leaves impari-pinnate, milk 2-4 pairs of Icajlets. 1 U. Pi'cTA (Desv. 1. c.) stem shrubby, erect, %'elvety ; leaves with 2-4 pairs of long lanceolate leaflets, which are smoothish above, and blotched with white, but pubescent and reticulately- ncrved beneath ; racemes very long and spicate ; bracteas ciliated; segments of the calyx setaceous, and very hairy, fj . S. Native of Guinea, among grass all along the coast, and of the East Indies. Hedysarum pictum, Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 567. coll. 2. p. 262. Flowers purple. PaintcdAeaseA Uraria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1788. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 2 U. coMOSA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 324.) stem shrubby ; branches and petioles villous ; leaves with 3 pairs of linear-lanceolate gla- brous leaflets ; racemes elongated, cylindrical ; bracteas villous ; segments of the calyx setaceous, and very hairy. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Hedysarum comosum, V.ilil. symb. 2. p. 84. Tufted Uraria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub 2 feet, 3 U. crini'ta (Desv. 1. c.) stem shrubby, erect ; leaves with 2-3 pairs of oblong leaflets ; racemes elongated ; pedicels hispid, recurved ; the 3 largest segments of calyx pilose and reflexed ; legumes smooth. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies. Hedy- sarum crinitum, Lin. mant. 102. Burm. ind. p. 169. t. 56. Hairy-ca\ys.ed Uraria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1780. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. * * Leaves trifoliate, the terminal leaflets stalked. 4 U. LAGOPoiDEs (D. C. prod. 2. p. 324.) stem shrubby, rather velvety ; leaflets ovate, mucronate, almost naked ; racemes oblong, aljout the length of the common petiole ; segments of calyx setaceous, and very hairy. l^ . S. Native of the East Indies and China. Hedysarum lagopodioides, Lin. spec. 1057. Lespedeza lagopoides, Pers. ench. 2. p. 308. — Burm. ind. p. 168. t. 53. f. 2. Flowers purple. Hare's-foot-like \]rma.. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1790. Sh. 2 ft. 5 U. LAGo'pus (D. C. in ann. sc. nat. 4. p. 100.) stem shrubby, very hairy at the apex ; leaflets ovate, obtuse, mucro- nate, clothed with soft velvety pubescence beneath ; racemes cylindrical, twice the length of the petiole ; segments of the calyx setaceous, and very hairy ; bracteas hairy on the back. ^ . G. Native of Nipaul. Flowers purple. Hare's-foot Uraria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. C U. ARBOREUM ; arboreous ; leaflets oval, retuse, and are, as well as the branches, very hairy ; stipulas cordate, stem-clasp- ing, cuspidate ; racemes elongated, bractless, densely clothed with stiff' hairs ; calycine segments lanceolate, feathery ; legumes 3-seeded, plaited within the calyx. Pj . G. Native of Nipaul. Hedysarum arboreum, Hamilt. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 243. Erytlirina arborescens, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 52. ? yVce Uraria. Tree 12 feet. 7 U. LAGOCF.'pHALA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 324.) stem herbaceous ; leaflets roiuidish, pilose beneath ; panicle terminal, contracted, bracteate ; peduncles and calyxes very pilose ; calycine segments long and linear ; legumes deflexed, gIai)rous, 3-jointed. 1^ . S. Native of Brazil. Hedysarum lagocephalum, Link. enum. 2. p. 248. Flowers yellow. Hare's-headed Uraria. Fl. July. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 to 2 feet. * * * Leaves simple. 8 U. CERCiFoLiA (Desv. 1. c. f. 19.) leaflet solitary at the top of the petiole, furnished with 2 stipels, roundish, and rather vel- vety beneath ; racemes oblong, dense, terminal. H . S. Native of the East Indies. Hedysarum cercifoiium, .Steud. nom. 392. Judas-tree-leaved Uraria. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 9 U. coRDiioLiA (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. p. 33. t. 37.) leaves simple, broadly ovate, cordate, villous on the under surface as well as the branches ; racemes terminal, panicled, elongated, hairy ; legume 2-3-jointed, villous, inclosed in the calyx ; brac- teas ovate, acuminated, clothed with silky pili. Pj . S. Native of the Burman Empire, near Prome and Sleaong, on the banks of the Irawaddi. Flowers small, of a whitish-rose colour. Heart-leaved Uraria. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will answer the species, and young cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass in heat, but the species are more easily propagated by seeds. CLIV. NICOLSO'NIA (in honour of M. Nicolson, author of Essai Sur L'Histoire Naturelle de Saint Domingue, 1 vol. 8vo. Paris, 1776). D. C. legum. mem. vii. prod. 2. p. 325 Perro- telia, D. C. ann. sci. nat. Jan. 1825. p. 95. but not of Kunth. Lin. syst. Diadelphia, Decdndria. Calyx 5-parted, with lan- ceolate, subulate, bearded segments. Corolla papilionaceous, shorter than the calyx. Stamens diadelphous. Legume straight, exserted, constantly composedof numerous, compressed, semi-or- bicular, 1-seeded joints, which open at the convex suture. — Ame- rican herbs, with pinnatcly trifoliate leaves, the leaflets oval or oblong, and stipeilate. Stipulas distinct from the petioles, rather scarious. Bracteas like the stipulas, but broader. Pedicels twin in the axils of the bracteas. Racemes terminal, crowded, almost constituting a panicle. Flowers small, bluish-purple. This genus differs from Uraria in the legume being straight and ex- serted, and from Desmhdium in the calyx being 5-parted and bearded. 1 N. earba'ta (D. C. 1. c.) leaflets elliptic-oblong ; calyx closed after flowering ; legumes glabrous. If..? Pj.?,S. Native of Jamaica and St. Domingo, in arid sandy places. Hedvsarum barbatum, Lin. spec. 1055. Swartz, obs. 287. Flowers bluish- purple. £earc/eet\o\eA Desmodium. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. * * Gyrdntia (from gyro, to whirl). D. C. prod. Leaves pinnately-trifoliate ; petiole wingless. 8 D. GY RANs (D. C. prod. 2. p. 326.) plant glaucous ; leaflets 3, elliptic-oblong, terminal one very large, but the lateral ones are very small ; racemes numerous, dispos- ed in a panicle ; legumes pubes- cent. $ . S. Native of Bengal. Hedysarum gyrans, Lin. fil. suppl. 332. Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 562. Flowers violaceous. The singular motion with which the lateral leaf- lets of this plant are endued is thus described in LinuKus's supple- ment. " This is a wonderful plant on account of its singular motion, which is not occasioned by any touch, or irritation, or movement in the air, as in 3Hmdsa O'xalis P- FIG. 44. LEGUMlNOSiE. CLV. Desmodium. 289 and D'wnce'a ; nor is it so evanescent as in Amvrpha. No sooner had the plants raised from seed acquired tlieir ternate leaves than they began to be in motion in every direction ; this movement did not cease during the whole course of their vegetation, nor were they observant of any time, order, or direction ; one leaflet frequently revolved, whilst the other on the same petiole was quiescent ; sometimes a few leaflets only were in motion, then almost all of them would be in movement at once ; the whole plant was very seldom agitated, and that only during the first year. It continued to move in the stove during the second year of its growth, and was not at rest even in winter." In our cli- mate the lateral leaflets move up and down, either steadily or by jerks, particularly if the house in which it is growing be shut up very warm. This motion is most evident when the sun's rays are on the plant, it therefore appears to us that it is the action of the sun's rays upon it which occasions the motion of the te;iHets. For further particulars see Brouss. mem. acad. scienc. paris, 1784. p. GUI. Silvtstr. bull, philom. 1. p. 67. t. 5. (f. 44.) Var. /5 ; lateral leaflets almost wanting. $ . S. Native of Nipaul. Wallich. Hedys. gijrans, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 57. Mocins Plant or Whirling Desmodium. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1775. PI. 1 to 3 feet. 9 D. gyroi'des (D. C. legum. vi. prod. 2. p. 326.) leaflets 3, elliptic, the terminal one large, and the lateral ones small ; racemes numerous, disposed in a panicle ; legumes hairy. Tj . S. Na- tive of the East Indies, in Silhet. Hedysarum gyroides, Roxb. hort. beng. 57. The legume is very like that of Z). iriquetrum, but hairy. The plant is hoary in every part. Gi/raiis-like Desmodium. Clt. 1817. PI. 3 to 5 feet. 10 D. Timorie'nse (D. C. leg. mem. vi. prod. 2. p. 327.) leaflets 3, rhomboid, canescent from villi beneath, and with a few scattered hairs above ; lateral ones one-half smaller tlian the terminal one ; racemes numerous, disposed in a panicle ; legumes short, pubescent. $ . S. Native of the island of Timor. Timor Desmodium. PI. 2 to 4 feet. Sect. III. Chala^rium (probably from yciXao), chidao, to loose ; from containing a loose heterogeneous mass of plants). D. C. prod. 2. p. 327. Joints of legume membranous, indehiscent, oval or orbicular, rarely oblong, convex on both sides, or with the superior side straightish, tapering to both ends. — Leaves simple or pinnately-trifoliate. Racemes loose, elongated, with 3 pedicels rising from each bractea. § 1. Leaves simple, that is, only having one leaflet. 11 D. Gaxge'ticum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 327.) stem erect; leaflets ovate, acute, clothed with adpressed silky pubescence beneath ; stipulas 4 times shorter than the petiole ; legumes pu- berulous, having 5-C semi-orbicular joints. Ij • S. Native of the East Indies. Burm. zeyl. t. 49. Hedys. Gang6ticum, Lin. spec. 1052. iEschynomene Gangetica, Poir. Hedys. ochroleu- cum, Moench. Flowers dirty purple? Var. p, Neala (D. C. prod. 2. p. 327.) leaflets ovate-lanceo- late, acuminated, silky beneath ; stipulas exceeding half the length of the petioles. Tj . S. Native of the Philippine islands. Perhaps a distinct species. Ganges Desmodium. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1762. PI. 2 to 3 ft. 12 D. maculVtum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 327.) stem erect, her- b.iceous ; leaves ovate, obtuse or rather acute, spotted with white above, and clothed with adpressed pubescence beneath ; legumes rather puberulous, having 5-6 semi-orbicular joints. ©. S. Native of the East Indies. Hedys. maculatum, Lin. spec. 1051. jEschynomene maculata, Poir. — Dill. hort. elth. 1. t. 141. f. 168. Flowers pale violet, or red and yellow. (Mill.) Spotted-leaved Desmodium. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1732. PI. 1 foot. 13 D. RESiFORME (D. C. prod. 2. p. 327.) stem erect; leaves VOL. II. roundish-reniform, very blunt ; joints of legume semi-orbicular. ©. S. Native of the East Indies. Hedys. reniforme, Lin. spec. 1051. Burm. ind. t. 52. f. 1. Lower flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves. Flowers purple. Habit of Eleivtis monojihi'illa, but the legume is very distinct. Rcniform-\ea\eA Desmodium. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 ft. II- D. hu"bru.m (D. C. prod. 2. p. 3i7.) stem suffVutescent ; branches nearly erect ; leaves ovate, ciliated ; racemes terminal, spicate ; legumes arched, scabrous. I^ • G. Native of Cochin- china. Ornithcpus ruber, Lour. coch. p. 452. Branches red. Flowers pale. /ft'(/-branched Desmodium. Shrub 2 feet. 15 D. terminable (D. C. prod. 2. p. 327.) stem tall, shrubby at the base ; leaves large, rather tomentose ; panicle loose ; outer joint of legume sterile and dilated, h^ • S. Native of Guiana. Hedys. terniinale. Rich. act. soc. hist. nat. par. p. 105. Flowers purple. Terminal Desmodium. Shrub 2 feet. 16 D. Perrotte'tii (D. C. legum. mem. vi. prod. 2. p. 327.) stem terete, erect, scabrous from short curved hairs ; leaves ovate, rather acute, puberulous beneath, but villous when young, nearly glabrous above ; panicle terminal ; joints of legume ovate, equal, velvety. \i . S. Native of Guiana. The leaves appear to be spotted with white in the dried specimens. Perrottet's Desmodium. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 17 D. ORMocARPoioES (D. C. prod. 2. p. 327.) stem suffrutes- cent, erect, glabrous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous ; racemes nodding; legumes hairy from short down, with elliptic, elongated, compressed joints. ^ . S. Native of Java. Hedys. ormocarpoides, Desv. in herb. Desf. Hedys. adluc'rens, Poir. suppl. 5. p. 15. but not of Vahl. Perhaps this plant is referrible to the first section. Ormocarpum-Uke Desmodium. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 18 D. sagitta'tum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 327.) leaves oblong or linear-lanceolate, cordately-sagittate, on very short petioles ; flowers solitary, axillary, on long pedicels. — Native of the East Indies. Hedys. sagittatum, Poir. diet. 6. p. 403. The legume is unknown. Flowers red. Stem triquetrous, glabrous. Sagittate-\ea.\eA Desmodium. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1807. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 1 9 D. LiNEARiFoLiuM (D. C. legum. mem. vi. prod. 2. p. 327.) stem herbaceous, terete, glabrous at the base ; leaves linear, niucronate, glabrous, on short petioles ; racemes terminal, pu- berulous ; legumes puberulous, with 4-6 compressed, roundish- elliptic joints. — Native country unknown. Linear-leaved Desmodium. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 20 D. denuda'tum (D. C. legum. mem. vi. prod. 2. p. 328.) stems terete, suffruticose, glabrous ; branches twiggy, puberu- lous, bearing leaves only at the base ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acutish ; stipulas and stipels setaceous ; racemes elongated, naked ; pedicels usually twin. Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo, in dry pastures. Flowers purple. A'^aZrcfZ-branched Desmodium. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 21 D. angustifolium (D. C. prod. 2. p. 328.) shrubby; branches twiggy ; leaves linear-lanceolate, mucronate, puberu- lous beneath, and with the margins scabrous ; racemes solitary ; bracteas ciliated, with stiff' hairs; joints of legume 1-6, roundish, hairy, with rather hispid margins, f^ • S. Native of Mexico. Hedysarum angustifolium, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 517. Flowers minute, purple. Narron-lcafletted "DesmoAiam. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub 2 feet. 22 D. veluti'num (D. C. prod. 2. p. 328.) stem shrubby, terete, pubescent ; leaves ovate, clothed with velvety tomentuin on both surfaces, niucronate ; racemes terminal and axillary ; calyx 5-parted, villous ; legumes clothed with villous tomentuni, having oblong compressed joints. Ij . S. Native of South Ame- PP 290 LEGUMINOSiE. CLV. Desmodium. rica. Hedys. velutinum, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1174. Flowers small, violet. Perhaps a species of Uraria. Vehety Desmodium. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 23 D. LATiFOLiUM (D. C. prod. 2. p. 328.) stems shrubby, terete, when young clothed «itii rufous velvety down, but at length becoming smooth ; leaves broad, ovate, rather cordate, mucronulate, and repand, clothed with velvety villi on both surfaces ; stipulas cordate at the base, cuspidate ; racemes ter- minal and axillary ; legume hairy, with 3-5 semi-orbicular joints. I7 . S. Native of the East Indies and China. Hedys. latifo- lium, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 57. Ker. bot. reg. 356. Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. 152. Roth. nov. spec. 355.— Pluk. aim. 432. f. 3. 1 Flowers purple. Broad-lcajletlcd Desmodium. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. 3 ft. 24 D. lasioca'rpum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 328.) villous in every part ; stem shrubby, terete, when young clothed with rufous vel- vety down, but glabrous in the adult state ; leaves broad, ovate- lanceolate, mucronulate, rather repand, clothed with velvety villi on both surfaces ; stipulas subulate, hairy ; racemes long, spike-formed, terminal, and axillary, forming a panicle ; legumes hispid, with 3-4 semi-orbicular joints. T; . S. Native of Africa, in the kingdoms of Waree and Benin, and plentiful in the island of St. Thomas in the gulf of Guinea. Hedys. lasiocarpum, Beauv. fl. d'ow. 1. p. 32. t. 18. Poir. suppl. 5. p. 15. Hedys. deltoideum, Poir. suppl. 5. p. 15. Flowers small, red. IVoullij-fru'ited Desmodium. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 25 D. ela'tum (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 527.) stem erect, shrubby, and is, as well as the petioles, clothed with stiff hairs; leaves ovate, obtuse, pilose on both surfaces, very soft beneath, and glaucescent ; racemes panicled ; legumes hairy. I7 . S. Native of New Andalusia, near Caripe. Flowers purple. Allied to D. dipcra. Tall Desmodium. Shrub 3 to G feet. ^ 2. Trifoliata (the plants contained in this division have tri- foliate leaves). Leaves jiinnately trifoliate, the terminal leaflet the largest. — This section contains a great number of speeies nhich are very nearly allied to eaeh other, but which are very difficult to extricate, or to place into any kind (f order, and there- Jore they are here arranged gengrajihically. • Doreali- Americana (the species contained in this division are all natives of North America). Hedysari species foliis terna- tis, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. ;). 72. Pursh.fl. amer. sept, 2. p. 482. Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 108. 20 D. Canade'nse (D. C. prod. 2. p. 328.) stem erect, rather pilose and striated ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, smoothish ; sti- pulas filiform ; racemes terminal ; joints of legume 4-5, oval, bluntly triangular, hispid from short hairs. %. H. Native of North America, in sandy fields and woods ; plentiful throughout Canada. Hedys. Canadense, Lin. spec. 1054. Hedys. scabrum, Mocnch. — Corn. can. 45. with a figure. — Moris, oxon. sect. 2. t. 11. f. 9. Flowers reddish purple, in simple or panicled, lateral or terminal racemes. Bracteas lanceolate. Canadian Desmodium. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1640. PI. 4 to 6 ft. 27 D. CANESCENS (D. C. prod. 2. p. 328.) stem erect, an- gular, ciliated, hispid ; leaflets ovate-roundish, canescent from adpressed hairs beneath ; stipulas ovate ; racemes panicled ; bracteas cordate ; joints of legume ovate-triangular, hispid. 7/ . H. Native of Virginia and Carolina. Hedys. canescens, Lin. spec. 1054. but not of Mill. Hedys. scaberrimuni, Ell. sketch. 2. p. 217. ?— Pluk. aim. t. 308. f. 5. Flowers pale purple, middle-sized. far. (i, paleiiceum (D. C. 1. c.) racemes almost simple. %. H. Native of Virginia. Hedys. palci»ceum, Poir. diet. 6. p. 418. CrtHcscent Desmodium. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1733. PI. 3 to 4 ft. 28 D. Marvla'ndicum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 328.) stem erect, pilose, branched ; leaflets oblong, villous beneath ; stipidas subu- late ; racemes panicled ; joints of legume 3, rhomboid, reticu- lated, and rather pilose. 1/ . H. Native of North America, from New York to Carolina. We have seen this plant growing in great plenty in dry sandy woods near New York and in Long Island. Hedys. Marylandicum, Lin. spec. 1055. — Dill. hort. elth. t. 174. f. 171. Flowers pale purple, fading to blue, the vexillum having a green spot at the base. Maryland Desmoi}Lmm. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1725. PI. 2 feet. 29 i). oBTu'suM (D. C. prod. 2. p. 329.) stem erect, pubes- cent ; leaflets ovate, obtuse, somewhat cordate at the base : sti- pulas lanceolate-subulate ; panicle terminal ; joints of legume semi-orbicular, reticulated, and hispid, i;. H. Native from Pennsylvania to Virginia, in woods and fields, and in dried up marshes. Hedys. obtusuni, Muhl. in Willd. Hedys. coriaceum, Poir. diet. 6. p. 418. ? Flowers violaceous. Oft. et Knnth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 52 t. but not of Vill. nor Pall. /Escliynomene spicata, Poir. 4. p. 452. ex herb. mus. par. D. Cumanense, Willd. herb. — Sloane, hist. jam. 1. t. 118. f. 2. Flowers small, bluish purple. Perhaps the plant of Kuntli is distinct from that of Swartz. .S'Hymie Desmodium. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Sh. trail. 07 D. TORTiosiM (D. C. prod. 2. p. 332.) stem erect, her- baceous, terete, pubescent, suffrutescent at the base ; leaflets elliptic, smoothish ; stipulas much acuminated ; racemes axil- lary, elongated, loose ; legumes erectish, pubescent, with round- ish twisted joints. fj . S. Native among bushes on the moun- tains of Jamaica, Porto Rico, and on the banks of the river Magdalcna, near Honda. Hedys. tortuosum, Swartz, fl. ind. occid. 1271. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. G. p. 521. — Sloan, jam. 1. t. 116. f. 9. Flowers pale blue. I'ar. /J, hirlellum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 332.) stem beset with short hooked hairs ; leaves rather villous on both surfaces. I; . S. Native of Guadaloupe. Perhaps a proper species. 7')m/ca/-podded Desmodium. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1700. PI. el. 75 D. TENUi'cuLUM (D. C. prod. 2. p. 333.) stems herbaceous, diffuse, slender, smootliish ; leaflets ovate, acute, glabrous, the terminal one twice the size of the rest ; stipulas spreading, su- bulate ; racemes terminal ; pedicels twin, spreading. % . S. Native of St. Domingo. Hedys. tenellum, Spreng. in herb. Balb. Flowers small, purple. Very i»m// Desmodium. PI. diffuse. 76 D. tene'i.lum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 333.) branches ascending, glabrous; floral leaves simple, the rest trifoliate ; leaflets clothed with adpressed pubescence on both surfaces, glaucesent beneath, terminal one ovate-oblong, lateral ones elliptic, acute ; racemes loose, rather flexuous ; legumes w ith 2-5 joints, spirally twisted, glabrous, the joints rhomboid. ©. S. Native of shady humid places near Caraccas. Hedys. tenellum, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 522. Nearly allied to D. tortuosum and D. spirale. Flowers purple. 67e«(/<;r Desmodium. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 ft. 77 D. Axii,LA~RE (D. C. prod. 2. p. 333.) stem herbaceous, creeping, and rooting at the joints, rather pubescent ; leaflets rhomboid-roundish, pubescent beneath, and reticulately veined ; racemes axillary, much longer than the leaves; pedicels 1-3- together ; legumes declinate, pubescent, with 2-4 semi-ovate joints. % . S. Native of Jamaica, St. Domingo, and Guada- loupe. Hedys. axillare, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1274. Flowers small, of a purplish blood-colour. .<^j:i//ar)/-flowered Desmodium. PI. creeping. 78 D. re'ptans (D. C. prod. 2. p. 333.) stems creeping ; leaflets obovate-roundish, lateral ones unetjual-sided, rounded at both ends, glabrous above, but clothed with canescent pubes- cence beneath ; racemes ascending, on very long peduncles ; joints of legume 2, semi-orbicular, hispid. {j . S. Native of St. Domingo and of New Granada, in very hot places, on the banks of the river Magdalena, near Nares. Hedys. reptans, Poir. diet. 6. p. 422. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 5 1 8. Flowers flesh-coloured. Creeping Desmodium. Shrub creeping. 79 D. suoRPiu Rus (Desv. 1. c.) stems herbaceous, procum- bent, rather pilose ; stipulas ovate-falcate, apiculated ; leaflets obovate-oblong, obtuse, pubescent beneath ; racemes opposite the leaves, elongated; joints of legume 4-5, ovate, y.. S. Nativeof Jamaica and St. Domingo. Hedys. scorpiurus, Swartz, fl. ind. occid. p. 1268. Flowers purple. Scorpion-lail-VikL'-racemed Desmodium. PI. prociunbent. 80 D. a'si-erum (Desv. 1. c.) stems tetragonal, hi.spid, fistular ; 294 LEGUMINOSiE. CLV. Desmodium. leaflets ovate, obtuse, rough above, but soft and lioary beneath ; panicle terminal, diffuse ; joints of legume small, ovate-globose, pubescent. — Native country unknown. Hedys. asperum, Poir. diet. C. p. 408. Rough Desmodium. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. •f Species natives of the same countries, hut are not sufficiently hnann. 81 D.? gla'brum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 338.) stems herbaceous, erect, panicled ; leaflets obcordate ; legumes lunulate, 1 -seeded, glabrous. ©. H. Native of Campeachy. Hedys. glabrum, Mill, diet. no. 12. Flowers pale purple. Glabrous Desmodium. PI. 1 foot. 82 D. Portorice'nse (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 314. under Ilcdijs.) plant herbaceous, erect ; leaflets oblong, obtuse ; stipulas subu- late, short ; panicle terminal, bractless ; joints of legume reti- culated and pubescent. 1/ . S. Native of Porto Rico. Porto Rico Desmodium. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 83 D. tene'llum (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 314. under Hedys.) plant herbaceous, procvuiibent ; branches filiform, smooth, as well as the leaves ; leaflets ovate, glabrous ; stipulas setaceous ; racemes terminal. %. S. Native of St. Domingo. Tender Desmodium. PI. procumbent. 84 D. leioca'rpum ; shrubby ; leaflets ovate-oblong, obtuse, pubescent beneath ; panicle terminal ; legumes glabrous, com- pressed, moniliform. Tj • S. Native of Brazil. Hedys. leio- carpum, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 316. Smooth-fruited Desmodium. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 85 D. ? viLLOsuM (D. C. prod. 2. p. 338.) stems herbaceous, diffuse, branched, villous; leaflets oval, rather hispid ; racemes terminal, rather spicate ; calyxes rather villous ; joints of legume numerous, usually somewhat 4-horned. 0. S. Native of Vera Cruz. Hedys. villosum, Mill. diet. no. 9. but not of Willd. Flowers small, pale purple. Villous Desmodium. PI. diffuse. 86 D. Gliane'nse (D. C. prod. 2. p. 338) stem frutescent ; leaflets hoary beneath ; flowers crowded, racemose ; legumes hairy. — Native of French Guiana. Hedys. Guianense, Aubl. guian. 774. without a description. Guiana Desmodium. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 87 ? D. emargina'tum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 338.) stem herba- ceous, angular, and rather villous ; leaflets ovate, obtuse, gla- brous ; stipulas ovate-lanceolate ; racemes axillary, simple ; le- gumes glabrous, having only one joint, which is emarginate on one side. 1/ . S. Native of Martinico. Hedys. emarginatum, Poir. diet. 6. p. 412. Flowers small, yellow. Emarginate-]om\.cA Desmodium. PI. 1 to 2 feet. * * * * Species, native of the Cape of Good Hope. Hcdy- sarum, Thunb.Jl. cap. 594. 88 D.? CILIA TUM (D. C. prod. 2. p. 333.) stem suffrutescent, erect, villous ; leaflets ovate, mucronate, pilose on the margins and midrib ; stipulas spreading, lanceolate, glabrous ; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered, shorter than the leaves ; calyx 5-parted. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in grassy fields. Hedys. ciliatum, Thunb. nov. act. ups. 6. p. 43. t. 2. fl. cap. 594. Perhaps the plant belongs to a different genus : the le- gume is unknown. C(7i« . S. Native of the Mauritius. Hedys. Mauri- tianum, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1185. jFschynomene arborea, Sieb. pi. maur. exsic. no. 155. and perhaps of Lin. Flowers droop- ing. Roots creeping. Mauritian Desmodium. Shrub A to 1 foot. 99 D. Sca'lpe (D. C. prod. 2. p. 334.) stem erect, suffruti- cose ; stipulas lanceolate-linear, acuminated, glabrous ; leaflets ovate or rhomboid, acuminated, mucronate, with sinuately-cre- nated margins ; racemes terminal, elongated ; pedicels twin, capillary. Ij . S. Native of the island of Bourbon, and per- LEGUMINOSiE. CLV. Desmodium. 295 haps of Madagascar. Hedys. Scalpe, Comm. herb. Hedys. re- pdiKhim, I'oir. diet. C. p. 408. but not of Vahl. yEschynomene remota, Poir. diet. 4. p. 452. Petioles nodose at the base. Stems pubescent at the apex, as well as the under side of the leaves. Legume unknown. Perhaps this and the following species would constitute a new genus. Scalpe is the vernacular name of the plant. Scalpe Desmodium. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 100 D. repa'ndum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 334.) stem shrubby, erect ; stipulas lanceolate, ciliated ; leaflets ovate-rhomboid, ob- tuse, with repandly-crenated margins ; raceme terminal, elon- gated ; pedicels 2-3 together, capillary. >j . G. Native of Arabia Felix. Hedys. repandum, Vahl. symb. 2. p. 82. Rcpand-Xcaxed Desmodium. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 101 D. oxybra'cteum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 334.) stem friites- cent, terete, glabrous ; leaflets oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; stipulas and bracteas lanceolate, and very much acuminated ; racemes axillary and terminal ; legumes deflexed, depressed, smoothish, coriaceous. ^2 • ''• Native of the Mauritius, spon- taneous or cultivated. Flowers purple. Sharp-bractcd Desmodium. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 102 D. DiVERsiFOLiuM (D. C. prod. 2. p. 334.) stem shrubby, terete, glabrous ; leaves simple and trifoliate ; leaflets oval, gla- brous, but puberulous on the middle nerve beneath, the terminal leaflets always twice or thrice the size of the lateral ones ; racemes almost terminal ; legumes villous, compressed, nearly linear. Ij . S. Native of Madagascar. Hedys. diversifolium, Poir. diet. C. p. 403. Diverse-leaved Desmoi\.i\im. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Sh. 1 to 2 feet. 103 D. Abyssi'nicum (B.C. prod. 2. p. 338.) stems twining; leaflets ovate, shining, rather pubescent, lateral ones sessile ; racemes terminal, loose; stamens monadelphous. "H.. ^. S. Native of Abyssinia. Hedys. Abyssinicum, Hoffmanns, verz. 1S24. p. 217. Legumes unknown. Abyssinian Desmodium. PI. cl. ******* Species natives of the East Indies, Nipaul, <^-c. 104 D. polyca'rpum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 334.) stem terete, erect, clothed with adpressed pubescence ; leaves trifoliate, with obovate obtuse leaflets, terminal one the largest ; racemes ter- minal and axillary, crowded ; legumes witli C-8 semi-orbicidar joints. ^2 . S. Native of the East Lidies. Lam. ill. t. 628. f. 4. Hedys. polycarpum, Poir. diet. 6. p. 413. Flowers pur- ple. Said to be allied to D. latijulitim and D, lasiocdipum. J\fany-fruitcd Desmodium. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. lOJ D. Pry6ni(D. C. prod. 2. p. 334.) stem almost terete, smoothish, erect ; leaflets oval, acute, glabrous above, but clothed with silky jjubescence beneath, the terminal leaflet thrice the size of the lateral ones ; racemes axillary, longer than the leaves ; legumes hardly puberulous, with 6 semi-orbicular joints. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Hedys. viridifloruni, Burm. ind. 167. exclusive of the synonymes. Hedysarum spicatum foliis acumiiiatis, Pryon in herb. Burm. Hedys. Pryoni, Spreng. syst. append. 292. The legumes are like those oi D. Gangeticum. Pryon's Desmodium. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 106 D. TRiFLORUM (D. C. prod. 2. p. 334.) stems herbaceous, procumbent, filiform, puberulous ; leaflets obcordate, glabrous above, but puberulous on the nerves beneath ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, 2-3 together; legumes puberulous, with 3-4 semi- orbicular joints. 1/ . S. Native of China, Malabar, the Mauritius, also of the West Indies and Guiana. Hedys. triflorum, Lin. spec. 1057. Swartz, obs. 288. t. 6. f. 1. Hedys. stipulaceum, Burm. ind. t. 54. f. 2. zeyl. t. 54. f. 2. Hedys. bifloruin, Willem. maur. 49. ? Flowers red. Thrce-Jloivered Desmodium. Shrub procumbent. 107 D. heteropiiy'llum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 334.) stem her- baceous, ascending, rather pilose ; leaflets obovate, obtuse, gla- brous above, and clothed with adpressed pubescence beneath ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowcrcd, 2-3 together; legumes ciliated, witli the joints semi-orbicular. %.. S. Native of Ceylon. Burm. zeyl. t. 54. f. 2. Hedys. heterophyllum, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1201. Flowers red. Variable-leaved 'De^xnoiWum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot, ascending. 108 D. PARViFoLiuM (D. C. in ann. sc. nat. 4. 1825. p. 100.) stems procumbent, herbaceous, much branched, weak, and gla- brous ; leaflets small, obovate or roundish, emarginate or mucronate, covered ))eneath with adpressed hairs, but glabrous above; racemes panicled, axillary, 5-C-flowered, much longer than the leaves ; pedicels capillary, diverging ; legumes glabrous, with 3-4 semi-orbicular joints. 1^. G. Native of Nipaul. Hedys. tenellum, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 243. but not of Kuntli. Hedys. parviflorum, Sj)reng. syst. 3. p. 318. Flowers small, purple. Calycine segments lanceolate, awned. Small-leaved Desmodium. Fl. July, Aug. PI. procumbent. 109 D. dd'bium (Lindl. bot. reg. 967.) leaflets obovate, rather retuse, mucronate, pubescently-pilosc, paler beneath ; racemes elongated, many-flowered, terminal ; bracteas subulate, equal in length to the pedicels ; stems angular, and are as well as the pedicels hairy. Tj . G. Native of the Himalaya mountains. Flowers rose-coloured. Doubtful Desmodium. Fl. July. Clt. 1823. Shrub 2 feet. 110 D. LAXiFLORUiM (D. C. 1. c.) Stem frutescent, erect, terete, glabrous; branches pubescent; stipulas lanceolate; leaflets el- liptic, acuminated, glabrous above, and clothed with adpressed pubescence beneath ; racemes terminal, loose ; pedicels hairy, filiform, much longer than the calyx ; joints of legume oblong, compressed, hardly puberulous, usually 4-5. Tj. G. Native of Nipaul. Flowers purple. Perhaps not distinct from'tlie fol- lowing. Loose-Jlorvered Desmodium. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 111 D. DiFFu'suM (D. C. 1. c.) stem shrubby, nearly erect, terete, glabrous ; branches pubescent ; stipulas lanceolate ; leaf- lets elliptic, acuminated, glabrous above, but clothed with ad- pressed pubescence beneath ; racemes terminal, elongated ; pe- dicels twice the length of the calyx, in fascicles ; young legumes villous. I^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Hedys. diffusum, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 57. but not of Willd. Hedys. Roxbiirghii, Spreng. syst. append. 292. Flowers purple. Diffuse Desmodiimi. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 112 D. ? e'legans (D. C. 1. c.) stem shrubby, branched, terete ; branches angular, pubescent ; stipulas linear, acumi- nated ; leaflets roundish-ovate, acuminated, pubescent beneath ; racemes terminal, panicled ; jiedicels hispid, filiform ; calyx oli- soletely 5-toothed. 1; . G. Native of Nipaul, on Shreenagur. Elegant Desmodium. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 113 D. NUTANS (Wall. mss. Graham in edinb. phil. journ. Hook. bot. mag. 2867.) shrubby, branched ; racemes compound, terminal, and axillary, and are, as well as the branches, pendu- lous ; flowers twin ; bracteas acute ; leaves pendulous ; leaflets roundish-rhomboid, tomentose on both surfaces ; stipulas subu- late, tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Corolla bluish lilac. Stamens monadelphous. A^orfrf/H^- leaved Desmodium. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 114 D. pe'ndulum (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 81. t. 94.) erect, twiggy ; branches villous ; leaflets cuneate-oblong, obtuse, cus- pidate, villous and many-nerved beneath ; stipulas and bracteas large and dry, membranous, aristately mticronate ; racemes soli- tary, terminal, pendulous ; flowers twin ; legumes compressed, moniliform on one side ; joints 4, reniform, lower one sti- 1 296 LEGUMlNOSiE. CLV. Desmodium. pitate. ^ . S. Native of Nipaul, on the mountains on the con- fines of the valley. Flowers purple. Pendulous-racemed Desmodium. Shrub 3-4 feet. 115 D. ? MULTiFLORUM (D. C. 1. c.) Stem shrubby, terete, glabrous; branches hairy, trigonal ; stipulas lanceolate, subulate; leaflets ovate, mucronate, pubescent above, and villous beneath ; racemes axillary and terminal, hairy, longer than the leaves. J; . G. Native of Nipaul. Hedys. floribundum, D. Don, prod, fl. nep. 24 1. ? Flowers purple. Calyx nearly smooth. Young legume with 5-6 ovate pubescent joints. Many-Jlonercd Desmodium. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Sh. 3 to 4 feet. 116 D. angula'tum (D. C. 1. c.) stem suffruticose ; branches angular, pubescent, but villous along the angles ; leaflets ovate, acutisli, clothed with adpressed villi on both surfaces ; racemes axillary and terminal, almost spicate ; bracteas villous, very much acuminated, deciduous, longer than the flowers. Tj . G. Native of Nipaul. Hedys. retiisum, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 243? Hedys. Wallichianum,Spreng. syst. append. 293. Flowers purple. Angular-slem'meA Desmodium. Shrub 2 feet. 1 17 D. riLosiu'scuLUM (D. C. prod. 2. p. 335.) stem angular, rather pilose ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous above, and puberulous beneath ; racemes terminal, somewhat spicate ; bracteas deciduous, villous, somewhat acuminated ; legumes a little incurved, with oval scabrous joints, f^ . S. Native of the Philippine islands. Pilose Desmodium. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 118 D. coNFEBTUM (D. C. in ann. sc. nat. 4. 1825. p. 100.) stem shrubby, nearly terete, villous ; leaflets ovate, acutish, rather coriaceous, glabrous above, and villous beneath ; racemes crowded, short, terminal ; bracteas ovate, acutish, glabrous, ciliated. Tj . G. Native of Nipaul. Flowers purple. Crowded Desmodium. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 119 D. Suembue'nse (D. C. prod. 2. p. 335.) leaflets round- ish-oval, mucronulate, villous, canescent beneath ; stipulas lan- ceolate, mucronate ; racemes secund ; calycine teeth ovate, acute, upper one broader and emarginate. Ij . G. Native of Upper Nipaul at Suembu. Hedys. Suembuense, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 243. Flowers flesh-coloured. Legume with 5 joints. Suemhu Desmodium. Fl. Jidy. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 120 D. rufe'scens (D.C. in ann. sc. nat. 4. 1825. p. 100.) branches and peduncles terete, covered with rufous villi ; leaflets ovate-elliptic, obtuse, mucronate, glabrous above, and pubescent beneath ; racemes terminal, panicled ; bracteas deciduous, vil- lous, very much acuminated. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies. Hedys. rufescens, Spreng. syst. append. 292. Upper leaves with one leaflet. Stipulas broad at the base, but elongated and subulate at the apex. Rufcscent Desmodium. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 121 D. conci'nnum (D.C. 1. c.) stem shrubby, branched; branches terete, pubescent ; leaflets elliptic-obovate, mucronate, pubescent beneath, with rather prominent nerves ; stipulas lan- ceolate-linear, acuminated ; racemes terminal ; pedicels twin, hairy ; bracteas deciduous, ovate, acuminated, villous. T; . G. Native of Nipaul. Hedys. concinnum, Spreng. syst. append. 292. Allied to the preceding species, but diflers in the leaflets being 1| inch long, not 2-3, and in having fewer nerves. Flowers violaceous. A''ea/ Desmodium. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 122 D. trichocau'lon (D. C. 1. c.) stems procumbent, suf- fruticose at the base, terete, hairy ; leaflets obovate, roundish, obtuse, glabrous above, pubescent beneath ; stipulas scarious, lanceolate-linear, acuminated, glabrous ; bracteas conforming to tlie stipulas, ciliated ; racemes terminal ; pedicels twin. 1/ . G. Native of Nipaul. Flowers violaceous. Hairy-stemmed Desmodium. PI. procumbent. 123 D. vi'sciDUM (D. C. prod. 2. p. 336.) stems suffruticose ; branches terete, covered with adpressed villi ; leaflets smoothish, terminal one obovate and larger than the lateral ones, which are ovate and acutish ; racemes almost terminal, villous ; stipulas and bracteas scabrous, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, striated, glabrous. fj . S. Native of Java. Burm. zeyl. t. 84. f. 1. Hedys. viscosum, Burm. ind. 167. Flowers blue. Viscid Desmodium, Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 124 D. paucine'bvium (D. C. 1. c.) stem shrubby, erect, branched, terete, smoothish ; leaflets elliptic, obtuse, pubescent and veiny beneath ; stipulas membranous, acuminately-awned ; bracteas conforming to the stipulas, somewhat ciliated ; racemes terminal; pedicels solitary or twin. f^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Very like D. concinnum. Flowers violaceous. Fero-nerved-Xeaxeil Desmodium. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 125 D. Lesciienau'ltii (D. C. I.e.) stem terete, puberulous, suffruticose ; leaflets ihomboid, mucronate, puberulous on both surfaces ; racemes axillary, slender ; stipulas and bracteas de- ciduous, acuminated, and rather pilose ; pedicels 2-3-together, spreading. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers purple. Leschcnault' s DesmoAmm. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. Sh. 1 to 2 feet. 126 D. capitVtum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 336.) stem shrubby, erect ; leaflets roundish-obovate, obtuse, tomentose beneath ; stipulas lanceolate, dry ; racemes axillary, bracteate before the flowers expand, and of a capitate, conical figure ; legumes pen- dulous. Tj . S. Native of Ceylon. Hedys. capitatum, Burm. ind. 167. t. 54. f. 1. Hedys. conicum, Poir. diet. 6. p. 419. According to the legume this species belongs to section Pleuro- Ibbium. Flowers purple. Capilale-RomeveA Desmodium. Fl. July. Clt. ? Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 127 D. siLiQuosuM (D. C. prod. 2. p. 336 ) stem shrubby, erect, clothed with adpressed silky pubescence above ; stipulas dry, lanceolate-linear, setaceously acuminated ; leaflets elliptic- obovate, obtuse, mucronate, glabrous above, but clothed with silky villi beneath ; racemes terminal, dense-flowered, bracteate. T; . S. Native of Java. Hedys. siliquosum, Burm. fl. ind. 169. t. 55. f. 2. Perhaps a species of Lesjiedeza. Sili(juose-\)odded Desmodium. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 128 D. RETROFLEXUM (D. C. prod. 2. p. 336.) stem shrubby, erect ; leaflets roundish-ovate, clothed with silky tomentum be- neath ; racemes axillary, erect, elongated ; legumes reflexed. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Hedys. retroflexuni, Lin. mant. 103. Allied to Flemingia lineata, but the legume is many-jointed. It differs from D. concinnum in the leaflets being roundish, not elliptic, and in the racemes being axillary, &c. Retrojlexcd Desinodium. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 129 D. BiFLORUM (D. C. prod. 2. p. 336.) stem twining, te- rete, pubescent ; leaflets ovate, tomentose ; peduncles axillary, 2-flowered, length of petioles ; legumes hairy, 5-6-jointed. T; . ^. S. Native of the East Indies. Hedys. biflorum, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1200. but not of Willem. Tn'0-^o?i'ere(/-pcduncled Desmodium. Sh. tw. 130 D. la'xum (D. C. in ann. sc. nat. 4. p. 102.) stems twin- ing, trigonal, and are either pilose or glabrous, as well as the petioles ; stipulas lanceolate, acuminated ; leaflets elliptic, acu- minated, glabrous, but pubescent on the nerves beneath, middle one acuminated at the base, lateral ones unequally semicordate at the base ; panicle terminal, very loose ; pedicels twin. '^ . '^. G. Native of Nipaul. Hedys. laxum, Spreng. syst. append. 292. Yoimg legume smooth and repand. iooie-flowered Desmodiimi. Shrub tw. 131 D. WiLLDENowii ; stems ascending, triquetrous ; stipulas obliquely cordate ; leaflets oblong-ovate, obtuse, hoary beneath ; racemes erect, panicled ; bracteas cordate, deciduous ; legumes with 4 roundish, hairy joints. Tj . S. Native of Tranquebar. LEGUMINOSyE. CLV. Desmodum. 297 Ht'flys. diffilsum, WilUl. spec. S. p. 1 180. D. cliff Cisum, D. C. prod. 2. p. 33G. 11 illdenow's Desmodium. Shndj 2 to 3 feet, diffuse. \32 D. DiciioTOMUM (D. C. prod. 2. p. 336.) stem erect, tri- quetrous ; pubescent ; stipulas .nnd br.-icte.ns ov.ite ; leaflets el- liptic, obtuse, pubescent, boary beneatb ; racemes elongated ; legumes liairy, «itb G joints. Ij . .S. Native of" Tranquebar. Hedys. dicliotomum, Willd. spec. 1180. This species is like tlic preceding. Dicholomous-stemmci] Desmodium. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 1 133 D. oxyphy'i.i.um (D. C. in ann. sc. nat. 4. p. 102.) stem erect, terete, branched, and is rather angular and smooth, as well as the branchlets ; sti])ulas .subulate ; leaflets elliptic, acu- tninated, glabrous, pale white beneath ; panicle terminal, loose ; pedicels 2-3-together, in fascicles. h . G. Native of Nipaul. Hedys. oxypliyllum, Spreng. syst. append. 292. Sharp-leaved Desmodium. .Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 131 D. roDoc.v'RPUM (D. C. 1. c.) stem ascending, terete; branches rather angular, and are as well as the petioles and pe- duncles pilose ; stipulas subulate ; leaflets broad-ovate, rather rhomboid, pale beneath, but rather puberulous above; racemes terminal, elongated, slender; pedicels twin; legume with 1-3 triangular, puberulous, distant joints, lower joint stipitate. I? . G. Native of Nipaul. Flowers purple. I'oot-fniited Desmodium. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 135 D. heteroca'rpum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 337.) stem shrubby, erect, and is as well as the petioles scabrous ; stipulas setaceous ; leaflets elliptic, obtuse, glabrous ; racemes axillary and termi- nal ; legumes puberulous, erect, lower ones witli only 1 joint, the rest having 5-7 orbicular joints. '^ . S. Native of Ceylon. Burm. zeyl. 117. t. 53. f. 1. Hedys. lieterocarpum, Lin. spec. 105-I-. but not of Thunb. Flowers pale purple. I'arious-fruiled Desmodium. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 136 D. SE'aLAX (Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 2. p. 46. t. 157.) plant shrubby, erect, twiggy, and branched ; branches terete, and are villous, as well as the petioles ; leaflets lanceolate, acuminated, clothed with adpressed pili above, and villous beneath, interme- diate one double the size of the lateral ones ; stipulas linear ; racemes axillary, about equal in length to the leaves ; flowers usually twin, on villous pedicels ; legumes slender, linear, many- jointed, many-toothed on both edges, and covered with hooked pili. fj . S. Native of the East Indies, on the mountains of Kaniaon. Flowers pale red. Sticking Desmodium. Shrub 3 feet. 137 D. LABiRNiFOLiuii (D. C. prod. 2. p. 337.) stem shrubby, branched, terete, smoothish ; stipulas setaceous ; leaflets ovate, acute, ghibrous, shining above, clothed with adpressed pubes- cence beneath ; racemes terminal, loose ; legumes pendulous, hispid, with oblong compressed joints. 1? . S. Native of Java. Hedys. laburnifolium, Poir. diet. 6. p. 422. but not of Sieb. This plant probably belongs to section Eudesmodium. Lalnirnum-leaved Desmodium, .Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 138 D. SALiciFoLiuM (D. C. prod. 2. p. 337.) stem frutescont, branched, terete, glabrous ; stipulas and stipels lanceolate-seta- ceous, elongated ; leaflets lanceolate-oblong, acuminated, gla- brous ; panicle terminal, diffuse ; bracteas lanceolate-subulate ; legumes arched, hispid. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Hedys. salicif olium, Poir. diet. 6. p. 422. jyHlow-leaved Desmodium. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 139 D. Rottle'ri; plant herbaceous, erect; leaflets large, oblong-elliptic, acutish, rather strigose beneath ; panicle termi- nal, elongated, diffuse ; legumes linear, arched, glabrous. If. . S. Native of the East Indies. Hedys. lineare, Rottl. Hedys, Rottleri, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 320. Rotller's Desmodium. PI. 1 foot. •f- Species, natives of Nipaul, which differ from the other VOL. n. species in having a i-loolhed calyx instead of being 5- loothed. 140 D. retu'sum ; leaflets oblong, refuse, mucronulate, vil- lous, canescent beneath ; stipulas lanceolate, acinninated ; ra- cemes many-flowered ; bracteas ovate, mucronate, villous, imbricated ; calycine teeth ovate, cuspidate ; keel of corolla truncate at the apex. fj . G. Native of Nipaul, at Narain- hetty. Iledys. retitsum, Hamilt. mss. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 243. Leaflets nearly 2 inches long and half an inch broad. 7?eis longer than the calyx ; vexillum obtuse, glabrous. (7 . F. Native of the Levant. Stipulas membranous, white, concrete in one, which is bifid at the apex. Tragacanth-like Saintfoin. Shrub ^ to 1 foot. 38 O. ? tu'mila (Desv. 1. c. p. 84.) stem suffruticose ; leaflets oval-oblong ; calyxes glabrous ; wings shorter than the vexillum, and the vexillum shorter than the keel. Tj . F. Native of Spain. Hedys. pumihnu, Lin. mant. 148. Fruit unknown. iJ7ii«)/ Saintfoin. Shrub ^ foot. Sect. IV. Echinobry'chis (from t\iyoQ,cchinos, a hedge-hog. LEGUMINOSiE. CLIX. Onodrycjiis. CLX. Eleiotis. CLXI. Lespedeza. 307 and l3pvx>i>, hrycho, to gnaw ; in reference to the leijumes being j)ricluiid-hc. prod. 3. p. 92. exclusive of the synonyme of Desf. and AVjild. Onobrychis orientalis, &c. Tourn. cor. 26. Leaves rather silky. Bracteas 3-4, broad, ovate, appearing like an involucrum at the base of each head of flowers. Corolla purplish, about equal in length to the calyx. Sibthurp's Ebony. PI. 1 foot. Cult. The species of this genus are propagated by seeds, which should be sown in pots in autumn, and placed in a frame or greenhouse, and in the month of May, when the plants will have attained a proper size, they should be planted singly in small pots, filled with a mixture of loam, sand, and peat, and the plants shifted into larger pots as they grow, some of them may he planted out into the open border, in a sheltered situation, where tliey will probably survive the winter with a little protec- tion, if not too severe. CLXin. FLEMI'NGIA (in honour of John Fleming, M.D. F.R.S. and F.L.S., &c., an acute botanist, formerly President of the honourable East India Company's medical establishment in Bengal). Roxb. cor. 3. p. 44. Ait. hort. kevv. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 349. D. C. prod. 2. p. 351. Millingtonia, Roxb. mss. Lin. syst. Diadilpliut, Decundria. Calyx acutely 5-cleft;, 4 of the segments almost equal, but the lowest one is much longer than the rest. Corolla papilionaceous. Vexilium striated. Stamens diadelphous. Legume sessile, oval, turgid, 2-valved, 1 -celled, 2-seeded. Seeds spherical. — Herbs or shrubs, natives of the East Indies. Stipulas lanceolate, acuminated, deciduous. Leaves petiolate. Flowers red or purple, disposed in axillary crowded racemes. This genus is perhaps more nearly allied to Rhynchbs'm, and therefore perhaps referrible to tribe Phascblcce, especially in the seeds being spherical. Sect. I, Flemingia'strcm (an alteration from the generic name). Flowers naked, or propped with small deciduous brac- teas. Leaves trifoliate ; leaflets sessile. 1 F. STRi'cTA (Roxb. 1. e. t. 248.) stem herbaceous, almost simple, straight ; leaflets feather-nerved, broad-lanceolate, gla- brous; racemes axillary, solitary, length of petioles ; bracteas very long, acuminated, deciduous. 1<..S. Native of Coronian- del. Crotalaria macrophylla, Puer. herb. Flowers purple. Straiglit-&iemmcA Flemingia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1798. PI. 2 to 4 feet. 2 F. semiala'ta (Roxb. 1. c. t. 249.) stem shrubby, branched ; branches silky, erectish ; leaflets 3-nerved, elliptic, acuminated, glabrous above, but clothed with silky pubescence beneath ; petioles winged at tlie apex ; spikes branched, panicled, ter- minal, and axillary ; bracteas ovate, mueronate, villous. Tj . G. Native of Nipaul. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 242. F. paniculata, Dietr. ex Steud. Flowers pale red. //fl//-«'mgt'0'l, broad- Spanish, and Tokcr ; also any of the early sorts, which are more successful in late planting than the larger broad varieties. The white-blossomed bean, though the smallest of the middle- sized sorts is very desirable to plant as secondary crops, both in the general and late planting seasons, from March till June and July, being a great bearer and a tender and sweet eating bean, if gathered young. Any of the other sorts named may also be planted to increase the variety. For sowing in June and July, the smaller and early kinds again become the most proper, as their constitution fits them for standing late as well as early. Thus the regular supplies may be provided for, in succession from June till September. (Abercrombie). Quantity of seed. For early crops one pint of seed will be re- quisite for every 80 feet of row ; for late crops nearly the same quantity as for the early. For the main crops the quantity VOL. II. cultivated, in proportion to that for early or late crops, is gene- rally treble or quadrui)le, as to the extent of ground ; but a less quantity of seed is recpiisite for the same space. Method of sowing. Plant all the sorts in rows, 2^ feet apart for the smaller, or very early, or very late kinds ; and 3 feet for the larger ; the smaller beans 2 inches deep, and 3 inches dislant in the row ; the larger beans 3 inches deep, and 4 inches a])art in the row. Transplanting. Speechly constantly transplants his early bean crops, and considers this plant may be as easily trans|)lanted as cabbage or any other vegetable. He plants them alternately with potatoes in the same row, the rows 3 feet apart, and the potatoes 18 inches apart in the row. The beans are trans- planted, by which means they have the start and advantage of the potatoes and weeds, and as they come in early may be gathered before they can possibly incommode or injure the i)o- tatoes. (Speechly's Practical Hints, &c. p. 17.) Manual process. The work of sowing is most generally effected bv a dibble, having a thick blunt end to make a wide aperture for each bean, to admit it clean to the bottom witiiout any narrow hollow parts below, strike the earth fully and regularly into the holes over the inserted beans. Or the planting may l)e performed occasionally in drills, drawn with a hoe the proper depth and distance, placing the beans at proper intervals along the bottom of each drill, and earth them over evenly, which method, though suitable to any kinds, may be more particularly adopted in sowing the early and other small sorts. Soaking seed in summer. In planting late crops in June and July, if the weather be dry, it is eligible to give the beans a pre- vious soaking for several hours in soft water, or if they are to be sown in drills, water the drills beforehand, then directly put in the beans, and earth them in while the ground remains moist. Subsequent culture. As the plants come up, and advance from 2 to 4 and 6 inches high, hoe up some earth to the stems on both sides of each row, cutting down all weeds. Repeat the hoeing as future weeds arise, both to keep the ground about the plants clean, and to loosen the earth to encourage their groutli. In earthing up, great care must be taken that the earth does not fall on the centre of the plants so as to bury them, for this occasions them to rot or fail. After earthing up, stir between the rows with a three-pronged fork. As the different crops come up into full blossom, pinch or cut off the tops, in order to promote their fruiting sooner in a more plentiful production, or well-filled pods. (Abercrombie). Nicol says, " Topping is unnecessary for any but the early crops." Most gardeners are, however, of opinion, that topping improves the crop both in tpiantity antl quality. To forward an early crop, see Pisum. To produce a very late crop. Neill mentions an expedient sometimes resorted to to produce a late crop. A quarter of beans is fixed on, and when the flowers appear, the plants are entirely cut down, a few inches from the surface of the ground. New stems spring from the stools, and these produce a very late crop of beans. Gathering. For table use, gather only such as are tender, the seed decreasing in delicacy after they obtain about half their pro- per size. When they become black eyed, they are tough and strong tasted, and much inferior for eating. To save seed. Either plant some of the approved sorts in February or March wholly for that purpose, or leave some rows of the different crops nngathered, in preference to the gleanings of gathered crops. The pods will ripen in August, and the beans become dry and hard ; then pulling up the stalks, place them in the sun to harden the seed thonnighly, after which thresh out each sort separately. (Abercrombie). Use. The seeds are the only part used in cookery, and are either put in soups, or sent up in dishes apart. S s 314 LEGUMINOSiE. CLXVIII. Faba. * * Field beans, and their culture. It is only of late years that the bean has been cultivated in Britain upon general soils, being formerly considered as adapted to rich and moist clays. At that time they were all sown in the broad- cast method, in which way instead of benefitting the ground, they were of detriment to it, for weeds got away on the outset, and in dry seasons often ruined the crop. The drilling of beans with a small mixture of peas is now become a general practice in every well cultivated district, more particu- larly in those where the soil and climate permit the practice to be successfully executed. In this way not only heavy crops are raised, but what is of greater importance, the ground is kept constantly in good order, provided suitable attention is bestowed upon the clearing process. This is generally carried on by horse- hoeing the crop at difi'erent times. The varieties of the bean may be included under two general heads, the white or garden beans, and the grey or field beans. Of the white bean, sown in the fields, the Mazagan and Long- pod are almost the only sorts. Of the grey beans, that known as tiie horse-bean, the small or ticks, and the prolific or Heligo- land, are the chief sorts. New varieties are procured in the same manner as other plants. In the choice of sorts, tick-beans are supposed by some far- mers to be more productive than horse-beans, but the latter grow higher in the stem and shade the land more, and are consequently the most suitable for the stronger sorts of soil ; and Young remarks that the common little horse-bean has the advantage of all others, in being more generally marketable, for in certain situations, it is not always easy to dispose of ticks, Windsors, long-pods, and various other large sorts. They also grow higher, sliade the ground more from the sun in summer, and yield a larger quantity of straw, which makes excellent manure, but some of the other sorts are generally supposed to yield larger products. 7'he best soils for beans are clays and strong loams ; on such soils they generally succeed wheat or oats, but sometimes also clover leys. Turnip soils or sands are by no means proper for ihem. In the preparation of the soil, much depends upon the nature of the land and the state of the weather ; for as beans must be sown early in spring, it is sometimes impossible to give all the labour which a careful farmer would wish to bestow. It must also be regulated in some measure by the manner of sow- ing. In all cases it ought to be ploughed with a deep furrow after harvest or early in winter, and as two ploughings in spring are highly advantageous, the winter furrow may be given in the direction of the former ridges, in which way the land is sooner dry in spring than if it had been ploughed across. The second ploughing is to be given across the ridges as early in spring as the ground is sufficiently dry, and the third furrow either forms the drills or receives the seed (Suppl. E. Brit. Art. Agr.). Manure is applied if the crop succeeds wheat. By some, dung is spread on the stubble previous to the winter ploughino-, but this cannot always be done in a satisfactory manner, unless during frost, when it may lie long exposed to the weather before it can be turned in. The most desirable mode therefore is, to lay the manure into drills immediately before the beans are sown. According to Brown (Treatise on Rural Affairs) the best way is to apply the dung on the stubble before the winter furrow is given, which greatly facilitates the after process. Land dunged to beans, if duly hoed, is always in high order for car- rying a crop of wheat in succession. The climate most favorable to beans is one neither very dry nor very moist ; the first brings on the fly and the last prevents the setting of the blossoms, 1 The time of sowing beans, is as early as possible after the severity of winter, in the south sometimes in January, but never later than the end of March, as the ripening of the crop and its safe harvesting otherwise would be very precarious in this climate. The mode of sowing is almost always in rows ; they are some- times dibbled, but for the most part drilled by judicious culti- vators, or deposited after the plough in every furrow, or only in every second or third furrow. In the latter method the crop rises in rows at regular intervals of 9, 18, or 27 inches, and the hand hoe ought to be invariably employed, but it is only where the widest intervals are adopted that tiie horse-hoe can be used with much effect in their subsequent culture. The seed may either be deposited by the drill machine or by the hand. The dibbling of beans is considered by some as an excellent method, if well performed ; the rows are marked out one foot asunder, and the seed deposited in holes made by the dibbler 2 inches apart ; this method is greatly to be preferred to sowing the beans at random. The quantity of seed is very different in the southern and northern parts of Britain, in the former, even when in rows, only 2 or 2|- bushels are allowed per acre, but in Scotland seldom less than 4 bushels to an English statute acre, even when sown in rows, 27 inches distant, and a bushel more when sown broadcast. Thin sown crops of beans seldom turn out well, unless upon very rich lands, for unless the rows are close weeds get the better after the clearing process is finished. Both in the broad-cast and drill husbandry it is common to mix a small quantity of peas along with beans. This mixture im- proves both the quality and quantity of the straw for fodder, and the peas-straw is useful for binding up the bean-straw in harvest. The after-culture of the bean crop commences with harrow- ing just before the young plants reach the surface. When sown in rows, in either of the modes already described, the harrows are employed about 10 or 12 days after, and being driven across the ridges, the land is laid completely level for the subsequent operations, and the annual weeds destroyed. After the beans have made some growth, sooner or later, according as the soil may happen to be incumbered with or free from weeds, the horse-hoe is employed in the intervals between the rows, and followed by the hand-hoe, for the purpose of cutting down such weeds as the horse-hoe cannot reach, and the weeds among the beans beyond the reach of either hoe should be pulled up by the hand. The operation may be repeated as often as the land requires it. Before the introduction of the horse-hoe, a common small plough, drawn by one horse, was used in working between the rows, and is still necessary where root-weeds abound. The plough goes down the intervals, turning the earth from the beans, and forming a ridgelet in the centre, then hand-hoes are immediately employed. The same plough with an additional mould-board, finally splits open the intermediate ridgelet, and lays up the earth to the beans on each side. Before reaping beans the grain ought to be tolerably well ri- pened, otherwise the quality is impaired, whilst a long time is required to put the straw in such a condition as to be preserved in the stack. In an early harvest, or where the crop is not weighty, it is an easy matter to get beans sufficiently ripened ; but in a late harvest, and in every one where the crop takes on a second growth, it is hardly practicable to get them thoroughly ripened for the sickle. Under these circumstances, it is unneces- sary to let beans stand uncut after the end of September or the first of October, because any benefit that can be derived after- wards is not to be compared with the disadvantages that accom- pany a late wheat-seed time. Beans are usually cut with the sickle and tied in sheaves, either with straw ropes or with ropes LEGUMINOSiE. CLXVIII. Faba. CLXIX. V.cia. 31J made from peas sown along with tlicni. It is proper to let the sheaves lie untied several days, so that the winning process may be hastened, and when tied to set them up on end, in order that the full benefit from the air may be obtained, and the grain kept off the ground. Beans are sometimes mown, and in a few instances pulled up by the roots. In all cases they should be cut as near to the ground as possible, for the sake of the straw, which is of considerable value as fodder, and because the best pods are often placed on tbe stems near the roots (Brown). Beans are stacked either in the round or oblong manner, and it is always proper, if the stack be large, to construct one or more funnels, to allow a free circulation of air. The threshing of beans is nearly as easy as that of peas. The j)rodtice of beans, when proper management is exercised, and where diseases have not occurred, is generally from 25 to So busliels per acre. Donaldson says that a crop of beans, taking the island at large, is from IG to 40 busliels, but that a good average crop cannot be reckoned to exceed 20. In Mid- dlesex, Middleton says that bean crops vary from 10 to 80 busliels per acre. The produce in haulm is very bulky in moist seasons. In the application of beans. The grain in Scotland is some- times made into meal, the finer for bread and the coarser for swine ; but beans are for the most part applied for feeding horses, swine, and other domestic animals. In Middlesex, all are given to horses, except such as are preserved for seed, and such as are gathered while green and sent to the London markets. When pigs are fed on beans, it is observed that the meat becomes so hard, as to make very ordinary pork, but excellent bacon. The flour of beans is more nutritive than that of oats, as appears in the fattening of hogs ; whence, according to the re- spective prices of these two articles, Dr. Darwin suspects that peas and beans generally supply a cheaper provender for horses than oats, as well as for other domestic animals. But bca7is are more difficult of digestion than oats, although of more nutri- ment. Some advise cut straw or bran to be mixed with beans to accelerate their digestion. Dean-straw, when mixed with peas, Brown considers as af- fording almost as much nourishment, when properly harvested, as is gained from hay of ordinary quality, when it is well got horses are fonder of it than of pea-straw. It should either be given when newly threshed, or else stacked up and compressed by treading or covering, as the air is found to affect materially both its flavour and nutritive quality. The produce of beans in meal is like that of peas, more in proportion to the grain than in any of the cereal grasses. A bushel of beans is supposed to yield 14 pounds more of flour than a bushel of oats, and a bushel of peas 18 pounds more, or according to some, 20 pounds. In 1000 parts of bean-flour, were found by Sir Humphrey Davy, 570 parts of nutritive matter, of which 428 were mucilage, lOa gluten, and 41 extract, or matter rendered insoluble during the process. The diseases of beans are the rust, the honey-dew, mildew, and black-fly or aphides, which the lady-birds are supposed to feed upon, as they are observed to be plentiful wherever the black-fly is found. The fly almost always succeeds the honey- dew, both are most prevalent on the summits of the plants, and some have attempted to mitigate the evil by cutting them off. In general, however, these diseases are without remedy, either preventive or positive ; therefore the best thing that can be done when the plants are attacked is to plough tiiem down. Common Garden-bean and Horse-bean. Fl. year. Clt. ? PI. 2 to 3 feet. CLXIX. VrCIA (said to be from vincio, to bind together, because the species have tendrils by which they bind other plants). Tourn. inst. t. 221. Juss. gen. 360, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. .589. prod. 2. p. 35\. — Vicia species of Lin. Lin. syst. Diadelphia, Decdndria. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft or5-toothed (f 4G. a.), the 2 superior teeth shortest (f. 4G. a.). Corolla papilionaceous (f. 4C. (/.). Stamens diadelphous (f. 4G. g.). Style filiform, almost forming a straight angle with the ovary, villous on the upper side (f. 4G. g.). and on the under side beneath the apex. Legume oblong (f. 4G. A.), 1-celled, many-seeded (f. 46. h.) ; seeds with a lateral, oval, or linear liylum. — Usually climbing herbs, with abruptly pinnate leaves, having many pairs of leaflets ; the common petiole drawn out into a tendril at the apex (f. 46. ;'.), which is usually branched. Stipulas usually semi-sagittate. Peduncles axillary, elongated, many-flowered, or short and 1 -flowered. The species of the genus are not well defined. % 1. Peduncles elongated, many-flon'cred ; flowers seeund. 1 V. pisiFORMis (Lin. spec. 1034.) plant quite smooth ; leaves mucronate, with 3-4 pairs of ovate, cordate, obtuse, reticulately- veined, distant leaflets ; stipulas ovate, semi-sagittate, toothed ; peduncles many-flowered, length of leaves ; calycine teeth nearly equal, shorter than the tube ; legumes oblong, compressed, reticulately veined ; seeds globose, with the liylum linear, 11 . ^. H, Native of the south of Europe, in woods. Sturm, deutsch. fl. 1. fasc. 31.Jacq. austr. 4. p. 33. t. 364. — Riv. tetr. irr. t. 52. The lowest leaflets approximating the stem and sessile. Flowers cream-coloured, about the size of those of V. syliatica. PeaformedY etch. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1739. PI. cl. 2 V. amoe'na (Fiscli. in litt. Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 355.) stems erect, tetragonal, firm, and smoothish ; leaves distant on the stem, tendrilled at the apex ; leaflets numerous, dense, opposite and alternate, elliptic-lanceolate, rather mucronate, re- ticulated with numerous diverging fine nerves ; stipulas semi- sagittate, toothed ; peduncles many-flowered, rather longer than the leaves ; the superior teeth of the calyx broadish, short, and acute, lower ones elongated and subulate ; style hardly pilose at the apex; legumes unknown. 1/. H. Native of Siberia, about Tructsk. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 11. no. 11. t. 3.1 Flowers purple, about the size of those of /'. onobrijchioides. Leaflets large, like those of the first species. Pleasing Veich. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. cl. 3 V. Cakolinia'na (Walt. fl. carol, p. 182.) plant smoothish ; leaves with 8-10 or more elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse, mucronate, alternate leaflets; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, entire, small; pe- duncles many-flowered ; flowers rather distant ; calycine teeth short ; style villous at the apex ; legumes lanceolate, glabrou-^, obliquely reticulated. %.. ^. H. Native of Carolina. \'. parviflora, Michx. fl. car. 2. p. 69. V. craccoides, Rafin. in litt. V. Cracca, Pursh, ex Rafin. Corolla white, smaller and narrower than in V.Crucca, having the vexillum tipped with black. Carolina \eic\\. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. cl. 4 V. Po'ntica (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1094.) plant pubescent; leaflets numerous, elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse, mucronate ; stipu- las lanceolate, quite entire, nerved ; peduncles very long, many- flowered ; flowers crowded ; legumes unknown. 1/ . H. Native of the country near the Euxine sea. Flowers seeund, nodding, about the size of those of/'. Cracca, white. Leaves with a few, scattered, adpressed pili on the under side. Vicia multiflora, floribus albis, calyce purpureo, Tourn. cor. 27. Pontic Vetch. PI. cl. 5 V. DUMEToRUM (Lin. spec. 1035.) plant smoothish ; leaflets reflexed, ovate-lanceolate, mucroiiulate, alternate, very finely and reticulately veined ; stipulas lunate and setaceously toothed ; peduncles many-flowered, about the length of the leaves ; caly- cine teeth very short, equal among themselves ; style bearded at the apex ; legumes oblong, compressed, reticulately and finely s s 2 316 LEGUMINOS^. CLXIX. Vicia. veined; seeds roundish, with the hylum linear. !{.. H. Na- tive of America and Europe, in bushy and shady places, par- ticularly in Austria, Switzerland, Piedmont, France, and Ger- inany. Sturm, deutschl. ft. 1. fasc. 31. with a figure. Oxypo- gon elegans, Rafin. in litt. V. tetragona, hort. par. in litt. This species diffijrs from F. pisiformis in the flowers being pur- pli.-h-blue, and in the deep-green and longer leaflets, with the lower pairs not approximating the stem. Hedge Vetch. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1752. PI. cl. 6 V. Menzie'su (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 267.) leaflets ovate, smooth, near an inch and a half long ; stipulas lunate, with sharp teeth ; peduncles few-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; petals all strongly recurved ; calycine teeth taper-pointed. 1/ . ? G. Native of Owyhee, at the upper edge of a forest, on a mountain called Movvna-rooa, which is COOO feet high, where it was collected by Mr. Menzies. V. grandiflora. Smith, in Rces' eycl. Flowers pale-purple, full twice the size of those of V. dumetorurn. Clusters of flowers rather loose and downy. Le- gumes not seen. Menzies s Vetch. PI. cl. 7 V. denta'ta (Fisch. in litt.) this plant differs from /'. du- metorurn in the smaller approximate leaflets, which are ovate- obtuse, the lower ones roundish and acutely toothed towards the apex in the more loose flowers, and in the semi-sagittate serrated stipulas. 1^. H. Native of the south of Russia. V. dumetorum, var. /5, dentata, Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 3i)5. ■ — Gmel. sib. i. p. 9. tub. p. 221. Flowers violaceous. roo//(«/-leafletted Vetch. Fl. Jmie, Jul. Clt. 1819. PI. cl. 8 V. sylva'tica (Lin. spec. 1035.) plant smooth ; leaflets numerous, alternate or opposite, elliptic-oblong, mucronulate, finely and reticulately veined ; stipulas between semi-sagittate and reniform, setaceously-toothed ; peduncles longer than the leaves, many-flowered ; calycine segments hardly the length of the tube ; style villous at the apex ; legumes oblong-linear, compressed, finely reticulated, incurved at the apex ; seeds glo- bose, with a linear hylum. i; . H. Native of Europe, in motui- tain woods. Plentiful in mountainous parts of the north of England and Scotland, in woods. Sturm, deutschl. fl. 1. fasc. 31. with a figure. Smith, engl. bot. 79. Oed. fl. dan. 277. Hall. helv. no. 426. t. 12. f. 2. Stipulas fringed. Style with the beard at the apex hardly discernible. Flowers rising from the peduncle by twos or threes, with interruptions, rather large, having the vexillum and wings whitish, and beautifully varie- gated with blue, and keel pale blue. This is an elegant plant when in flower. Wood Vetch. Fl. June, Aug. Britain. PI. cl. 9 V. America NA (Muhlenb. ex Willd. spec. 3. p. 1096.)leaf- lets numerous, elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse, glabrous, mucronate ; stipulas semi-sagittate, deeply toothed; peduncles many- flow- ered, shorter than the leaves ; legumes unknown. 1/. H. Na- tive of Pennsylvania. This plant differs from V. syhalica, in the longer leaflets, in the teeth of the stipulas not being awned, and lastly in the racemes being fewer-flowered and never longer than the leaves. Leaflets 8-12 in number. American Veich. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. PI. cl. 10 V. varieg.-v'ta (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1096.) plant villous ; leaflets numerous, elliptic, obtuse, villous, alternate, lower ones emarginate, mucronate; tendrils trifid ; stipulas semi-.san-ittate, (piite entire ; peduncles many-flowered, rather longer than the loaves ; racemes crowded with secund flowers ; calycine teeth about equal, shorter than the tube ; style bearded ; legumes rather pubescent. %. H. Native of Eastern Caucasus, on the alps. Desf. cor. p. 86. t. 65. ann. mus. 12. p. 111. t. 12. Leaflets 14-26. Stipidas ovate-lanceolate, bipartite at the base. Flowers with a rose-coloured standard, white wings, and purplish keel, and variegated. Variegated-fioviexeAVetch. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt, 1816. PI. cl. 11 V. purpu'rea (Stev. in mem. soc. mosq. 4. p. 53. et Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. 468.) plant hardly canescent ; leaflets nu- merous, oval, mucronate, villous ; stipulas semi-sagittate, quite entire ; peduncles many-flowered, rather longer than the leaves ; racemes croivded with secund flowers ; calycine teeth much shorter than the tube, the superior ones almost obsolete. %. H. Native of Tauria. Flowers purple. Var. (i, minor (Stev. 1. c.) leaves small ; flowers paler. % . H. Native of Tauria, near the region of perpetual snow. Pi/ryj/c'-flowered Vetch. PI. cl. 12 V. alpe'stris (Stev. in mem. mosq. 4. p. 53. and Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. 469.) plant hardly canescent ; leaflets elliptic-obo- vate, mucronulate, villous ; stipulas semi-sagittate, almost quite entire ; tendrils usually trifid ; peduncles usually 6-flowered, longer than the leaves ; racemes crowded ; calyx villous, having the teeth much shorter than the tube, but with the superior ones almost obsolete ; legumes unknown. %.ll. Native of Tauria. Flowers purple. Alp Vetch. PI. cl. 13 V. Cassubica (Lin. spec. 1035.) leaflets numerous, oppo- site or alternate, ovate-elliptic, mucronate, nearly glabrous, firm, reticulated with numerous divei-ging nerves ; lower stipulas lan- ceolate and semi-sagittate at the base, upper ones linear and almost entire ; peduncles many-flowered, about equal in length to the leaves ; racemes crowded with secund flowers ; calycine teeth unequal, shorter than the tube ; style villous at the apex ; legumes coriaceous, hardly reticulated, oblong, short, com- pressed, smoothish ; seeds globose. 1/. H. Native of the south of Europe. Oed. fl. dan. 98.— Pluk. phyt. t. 72. f. 2. Root creeping. Flowers pale blue. Leaves impari-pinnate. Var. a, glabriuscida (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 356.) stem pilose; petioles cirrhous, villous ; leaflets almost glabrous. 1/. H. V. multiflora. Poll. pal. 2. p. 307. Wallr. sched. 385. D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 577. V. Cassubica, Sturm, deutschl. fl. 1. fasc. 31. Var. ft, O'rohus (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 356.) the whole plant clothed with pili ; leaflets pilose or ciliated; tendrils want- ing, or somewhat foliaceous. l^.H. V. orobus, D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 557. Orobus sylvaticus, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 586. CassuhianW etch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1711. PL 1 foot. 14 V. abbrevia'ta (Fisch. in litt. ex Spreng. pi. min. cogn. pug. 1. p. 50.) leaflets oblong, rounded at both ends and mu- cronulate, rather pubescent ; stipulas almost obsolete ; pedun- cles many-flowered, shorter than the leaves, which are impari- pinnate. 11 . H. Native of Caucasus, on the margins of woods. Very like V. CasiMica, but differs in the stem being quite smooth and not flexuous, in the stipulas being very minute, and lastly in the calyxes being villous. Leaves impari-pinnate, as in /'. Cassubica. Perhaps only a variety of V. Cassubica, ac- cording to Ser. Flowers pale blue. ,S/(or< Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 foot. 15 V. Galloprovincia us (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 471.) leaflets opposite or alternate, very numerous, elliptic-lanceolate, mucro- nulate, villous ; stipulas semi-sagittate ; tendrils almost simple ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; flowers small, very numer- ous : vexillum broad, length of wings ; legumes unknown. If; . H. Native of the south of Provence, on the mountains. Ger. Galloprov. p. 497. no. 5. t. 19. Flowers blue or purple. Provence Vetch. PI. cl. 16 V. cine'ria (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. 470.) leaves with very short tendrils ; leaflets linear-elliptic, obtuse, clothed with hoary villi ; stipulas bipartite, with elongated teeth ; peduncles usually 2-flowered, shorter than the leaves; calycine teeth triangular, acute, superior ones very small. %. H. Native of Tauria, about Titlis. Flowers pale blue, about the size of thoie of V. Crdcca. Calyx clothed with silky villi. LEGUMINOS^. CLXIX. Vicia. 317 Cinereous Yelch. PI. cl. 17 V. sETiFOLiA (H. B. ct Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 500.) stems weak, snioothish ; leaflets 8-9, very narrow-linear, mucro- nate, puberulous on both surfaces, as well as the rachis or petiole ; stipulas lanceolate, semi-sagittate ; calyx turbinate at the base, with the superior teeth ascending; peduncles 3-'t-flow- ered, a little longer than the leaves, and are, as well as the calyxes, pubescent ; legumes lanceolate, glabrous. 1/. . H. Na- tive near the city of Mexico, Quito, and Santa-Fe de Bogota, at the height of 3500 or 1500 feet above the level of the sea. Flowers flesh-coloured. BrislU-leavcd Vetch. PI. cl. 18 V. Brotekia NA (Ser. niss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 357.) leaf- lets nearly oval, villous ; lower stipulas semi-sagittate, and some- what dentate ; flowers imbricate ; peduncles very villous ; caly- cine teeth setaceous, and villous ; legumes rather villous, pen- dulous. ©. H. Native of Portugal, in cultivated fields about Coimbra. V. villosa, Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 150. but not of Roth. Corolla deep purple at the apex. BroUro's Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI. cl. 19 V. Aci'TiFOLiA (Ell. sketch, car. etgeogr. 2. p. 225.) stem glabrous ; leaflets few, linear, acute at both ends ; stipulas lan- ceolate, entire ; peduncles few-flowered, longer than the leaves. — Native of Georgia. Acule-tcnjhltcd Vetch. PI. cl. 20 V. pulche'lla (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 499. t. 583.) stems weak, puberulous; leaflets 8-12, linear, acute, pubescent beneath, as well as the calyxes ; stipulas linear, semi-sagittate ; calycine teeth very unequal, superior ones much tiic smallest ; peduncles lG-20-flowered, longer than the leaves, pubescent; legumes unknown. If.. H. Native of Mexico, on the we>tern declivities of mountains, especially near Mescala at the height of 795 feet above the level of the sea. Flowers white. Xeiit Vetch. PI. cl. 21 V. CKA'ccA(Lin. spec.1095.) stems branched ; leaves cirrhous at the apex ; leaflets numerous, ob- long, lanceolate, alternate or oppo- site, pubescent, mucronate, with rather parallel simple nerves ; sti- pulas linear, semi-sagittate ; pe- duncles angular, hairy, bearing nu- merous secund flowers, eq\ial in length to or exceeding the leaves ; calycine teeth unequal, upper ones very short, lower ones shorter than the tube ; style pilose at the apex ; legumes oblong-lanceolate, coria- ceous, reticulated, compressed, gla- brous ; seeds globose, black. If.. II. Native of Europe, in fields and hedges ; plentiful in all parts of Britain. Sturm, deutschl. fl. fasc. 31. with a figure. Smith, engl. hot. t. IIGS. Curt. lond. 5. t. 54. Mart. 'fl. rust. 117. Cracca, Riv. tetr. irr. t. 50. Rootcreeping. Flowers blueand pur- ple or violet mixed, marked with veins of a deeper colour. Leaves clothed with canescent down, giving them a manifest whiteness ; this is most apparent in plants growing in exposed dry situa- tions, for in moist soils the leaves are almost green. Dr. Plot, in his history of Staffordshire, says, that this and the U'ood-l'elch advance starved or weak cattle above any thing yet known. These jierennial vetches yield such abundance of food, that they seem to deserve the notice of agriculturists. But it is well observed in English botany, that to gather them from their native situa- tions would be impracticable, so firmly do they cling by their tendrils to their neighbours ; and if cultivated, they would pro- bably choke themselves for want of support. FIG. 46. Var. a, violacca ; flowers bluish violet. P'ar. fi, purpurea ; flowers purple. Var, y, albijlura ; flowers pure white. Cracca or 'I'ufted-Vetch. Fl. June. Sept. Britain. PI. el. 22 V. BivoN.E (Rafin. prec. 37. Desv. journ. bot. 1814. p. 269.) plant pubescent ; stems tetragonal ; tendrils simple ; leaf- lets 10-14, oblong-linear, nuicronate ; stipulas lunate, semi-sagit- tate, rather toothed at the base ; peduncles few-flowered, about equal in length to the leaves ; flowers secund, rather distant ; calycine teeth setaceous, length of tube ; style bearded at the apex ; leginncs oblong-lanceolate, compressed, finely reticulated. 1^. H. Native of Sicily about Palermo, and of Corsica. V. leuciintha, Bertol. siirp. sic. fasc. V. littoralis, Salzm. exsic. Flowers pale, purplish blue, with the carina tipped with black. Perhaps the same as /'. pscudocrucca. Bicona's Vetch. PI. cl. 23 V. Gera'rdi (Jacq. fl. astr. t. 229. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 591. exclusive of the synonymes,) stems simple ; leaves cirrhous at the apex ; leaflets numerous, oblong-lanceolate, alternate or op- posite, mucronate, rather woolly, having parallel simple nerves ; stipulas linear, semi-sagittate ; peduncles many-flowered, rather shorter than the leaves ; style pilose at the apex ; legume ob- long, coriaceous, finely reticulated, compressed, glabrous. If. H. Native of the south of Europe, particularly in Austria and France. V. mutilans, Cranlz. Flowers violaceous. Root creeping ' Calycine teeth unequal, pilose. Gerard's Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810. PL cl. 24 V. psEi'DocuAccA (Bcrtol. pi. rar. p. 58.) plant pubes- cent ; stems branched at the base, diffuse ; leaflets 8-12, oblong- obtuse ; stipulas linear, semi-sagittate ; peduncles usually 6- flowered, longer than the leaves ; flowers secund, loose, de- flexed ; calycine teeth unequal, linear, acute, shorter than the tube ; style villous at the apex ; legumes elliptic, short, smooth, finely reticulated. ©. H. Native of Italy near Pisa. V. tenuifolia, Tenore, prod. p. 42. Very like V. Crdcca, but differs in the annual roots, in the broader leguines, and in the longer calycine teeth. Flowers blue. Fa/if- Cracca Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. cl. 25 V. AxnicoLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. C. p. 4!- 8. t. 582.) plant pubescent ; stems weak ; leaflets 7-12, linear-lan- ceolate, obtuse, mucronate ; stipulas linear, semi-sagittate, acute ; tendrils bifurcate ; peduncles 2-4-flowered, hardly exceeding the leaves ; calyx bilabiate, the superior teeth the smallest ; legumes somewhat cultriform, smootliish. If.. F. Native of the Andes of Quito on mount Antisana, at the height of 6300 feet above the level of the sea. Flowers violaceous. Andes Vetch. PI. cl. 26 V. micropiiy'lla (D'Urv. enum. pi. arch. p. 87.) stems weak, branched at the base, and dift'use ; leaflets 8-10, ovate on short petioles, small, mucronate ; stipulas very small, and semi- sagittate ; peduncles straight, twice or thrice longer than the leaves, 4-6-flowered ; flowers pale; legumes compressed, gla- brous, 5-7-seeded. If.. H. Native of the island of Melos, on hills. Corolla very pale violet or white, double the length of the calyx, and sometimes longer. Perhaps the same as V. pseudo- cracca of Bertol. Small-leafclled Vetch. PI. cl. 27 V. poLYPtn-'i-LA (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 162.) leaflets nume- rous, linear-lanceolate, mucronate, villous ; stipulas linear, semi- sagittate ; peduncles many-flowered, longer than the leaves ; flowers secund, crowded. IJ. . 11. Native about Algiers. The flowers are like those of /'. Cracca, but they are larger and paler. The vexillum is blue, and wings and keel while. Many-lcajhtted Vetch. I'l. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. cl. 28 V. TKNiiFoLiA (Roth. fl. germ. 2. p. 183.) stem branched; leaves cirrhous at the apex ; leaflets numerous, linear-lanceolate, smootliish, mucronate, alternate or opposite, full of parallel sim- 318 LEGUMINOS^. CLXIX. Vicu. pie veins ; lower stipulas semi-sagittate, linear, upper ones linear-setaceous ; peduncles [longer than the leaves ; flowers crowded, sccund ; calycine teeth unequal, lower ones length of the tube ; style pilose at the apex ; legumes lanceolate. 11 . H. Native of France, Germany, and Tauria. Sturm, deutschl. fl. 1. fasc. 31. V. Gerardi, Willd. enum. no. 73(j. Flowers beau- tiful violaceous or purple. Very like V. Cracca, but does not creep at the roots. Fine-leaved Veich. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1799. PI. cl. 29 V. Se'ssei ; plant smoothish ; stems angular ; stipulas su- bulate, semi-sagittate or bifid ; leaflets 1.5-16, linear-lanceolate, niucronate ; tendrils trifid, and divided again ; peduncles about tlie length of the leaves ; flowers numerous, racemose ; style vil- lous at the apex, i;. H. Native of Mexico. V. polyphylla, Moc. et Sesse in herb. Lamb. Flowers apparently pale blue. Sesse's Vetch. PI. cl. 30 V. subula'ta (Sesse et Moc. mss. in herb. Lamb.) plant canescent and pubescent ; leaflets 10-12, subulate; tendrils bi- fid ; peduncles shorter than tlie leaves ; flowers crowded, secund ; stipulas subidate, semi-sagittate. 2/. H. Native of Mexico. Flowers white or pale blue. .S'«i«/ate-leafletted Vetch. PI. cl. 31 V. coNSENirNA (Spreng. pi. min. cogn. pug. 2. p. 74.) stem and petioles pubescent ; leaflets lanceolate, niucronate, lower ones elliptic ; stipulas semi-sagittate ; peduncles many- flowered, longer than the leaves ; flowers remote, glabrous, cream- coloured. O-H. Native of Naples and about Cosenza. Per- haps only a variety of V. pseudocracca. CosenzaYetch. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. el. 32 V. Cape'nsis (Berg. pi. cap. p. 215.) stem branched at the base ; leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets linear, truncate, and mucro- nate ; stipulas lanceolate, acute ; peduncles elongated, many-flow- ered ; style hairy at the apex ; legumes lanceolate, compressed. i;. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purple. Cape Vetch. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1802. PI. 1 foot. 33 V. cane'scens (Labill. syr. dec. 1. p. 17. t. 7.) plant clothed witli canescent down ; leaflets numerous, oblong-linear, obtuse, alternate ; tendrils almost wanting ; stipulas lanceolate, semi-sagittate, quite entire ; pedimcles 3-7-flowered, about equal in length to the leaves ; calycine teeth narrow, shorter than the tube; style bearded at the apex; legumes ovate-lanceolate, com- pressed, hairy, 3-4-seeded ; seeds roundish. ©. H. Native of mount Lebanon. Flowers blue. Lower leaves impari-pinnate. CanesceH< Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. PI. cl. 34 V. ocHROLEu'cA (Tenore, prod. p. 42. and cat. 1819. p. 5G.) leaflets ovate-lanceolate or oblong-linear, obtuse, raucro- nate, smoothish, nearly opposite, with the nerves parallel ; sti- pulas subulate, semi-sagittate at the base, quite entire ; pedun- cles many-flowered, longer than the leaves ; flowers crowded ; teeth of calyx very short ; style pilose at the apex ; legumes glabrous, reticulated. 1/ . H. Native of Italy. This plant is very like F. Cracca, but the flowers are cream-coloured, and smaller. C'ream-coloured-i\ov.'eTed Vetch. Clt. 1825. PI. cl. 35 V. puncta'ta (Schleich. ex Pers. ench. 2. p. 307.) leaflets ovate-lanceolate, mucronate, glabrous ; stipulas cut; peduncles many-flowered, longer than the leaves ; calyxes obtuse. ©. H. Native of Switzerland. Flowers purple ? Tiie under side of the leaflets are observed to be dotted with white, when examined by a microscope. Dotted Welch. Fl. July. Clt. 1819. PI. cl. 36 V. ONOBRvciTiofDES (Lin. spec. 1036.) stems striated; ten- drils almost simple ; leaflets numerous, linear, alternate or op- posite, obtuse, .ind mucronate, with parallel nerves ; stijiulas linear, semi-sagittate, dentate ; peduncles very long, many- flow- ered ; flowers distant ; calycine teeth lanceolate, length of the tube ; style clavate, bearded at the apex ; legumes lanceolate. T/.H. Native of Europe, in the mountainous parts. Sturm, deutschl. fl. 1. fasc. 31. with a figure. All. pedem. t. 42. no. 1198. Sims, bot. mag. 2206. Flowers purplish blue. Jar. /3, angustlssima (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 358.) leaflets setaceous, and shorter. ©. H. Native about Mont- pelier. Saintfoin-Uke Vetch. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1759. PI. cl. 37 V. atropurpu'rea (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 164.) plant villous; stems tetragonal; tendrils very trifid ; leaflets oblong, mucro- nate, numerous, opposite, and alternate ; stipulas lanceolate, semi- sagittate, usually tootlied at the base ; peduncles many-flowered, hardly the length of the leaves ; flowers secund, approximate : calycine teeth setaceous, pilose, longer than the tube ; style elon- gated, somewhat clavate, bearded at the apex ; legumes oblong, compressed, very hairy ; seeds globose, black, rather velvety. ©. H. Native of Algiers. Vent. hort. eels. t. 84. Lindl. bot. reg. 871. Flowers dark purple. ZlnrAi-^jwr^t'-flowered Vetch. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1815. PI. cl. 38 V. GiGANTEA (Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 157.) plant pubes- cent, black when dried ; stems furrowed ; leaflets 20-26, oblong, petiolulate, obtuse, mucronate ; stipulas large, semi-sagittate, profoundly toothed at the base; peduncles 5-10-flowered, much shorter than the leaves ; flowers crowded ; style hardly bearded ; legume broad, oblong, glabrous, obscurely reticulated. 11 . H. Native of North America, in open woods on the Columbia. Flowers purple, about the size of those of V. Americana. Stems hardly one-third of an inch broad, hollowed, and herbaceous. Stipulas an inch and a half in length. The plant turns black on drying. Giant Vetch. PI. trailing. 39 V. Ni'oRicANS (Hook, in Beech, bot. p. 20.) plant pubes- cent ; stems tetragonal ; leaflets oblong-elliptic, obtuse, alter- nate ; tendrils divided ; stipulas semi-sagittate ; peduncles twice the length of the leaves, many-flowered ; flowers crowded, the 2 superior teeth of the calyx almost wanting, lower ones subu- late, middle one elongated, and exceeding the tube ; stigma bearded. If.. H. Native of Chili about Conception. Leaflets more than an inch long. Plant becoming very black on drying. Blackish Vetch. PI. cl. 40 V. Bengale'nsis (Lin. spec. 1036.) leaflets elliptic, obtuse, stipulas entire ; peduncles usually bearing only 5 flowers, length of leaves ; legumes turgid, hairy. ©. H. Native of the Stoechades Islands. — Herm. ludg. 624. t. 625. Flowers deep purple, having the keel tipped with black. Plant downy. BengalWelch. Fl. Jinie, Jidy. Clt. 1792. PI. cl. 41 V. pere'nnis (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 155. and fl. fr. 5. p. 578.) plant villous; stems tetragonal ; tendrils simplisli ; leaf- lets oblong-linear, mucronate, villous, opposite or alternate; sti- pulas lanceolate, semi-sagittate, and usually toothed at the base ; peduncles few-flowered, length of leaves ; flowers secund, rather lax ; calycine teeth setaceous, pilose, length of tube ; style elongated, rather clavate, bearded at the apex ; legumes oblong, compressed, pubescent, reticulated ; seeds orbicular, compres- sed, bay-coloured. l^.H. Native of France, about Perpignan. Flowers purple. Var. /3, svffrulicbsa (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 359.) stems smaller, diffuse, sufl^ruticose at the base ; leaves and leaflets smaller. Perennial \ etch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. cl. 42 V. LONGiFOLiA (Poir. diet. 8. p. 567.) stems tetragonal ; tendrils branched ; leaflets numerous, narrow, very long, gla- brous ; stipulas semi-sagittate, entire ; peduncles many-flowered, longer than the leaves ; flowers drooping ; calycine teeth un- equal, acute, superior ones very small. ©.? H. Native of Syria. Flowers cream-coloured. Long-leaved \ etch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. cl. 43 V. arge'ntea (Lapeyr. abr. 417.) plant canescent ; stems LEGUMINOS^. CLXIX. Vicia. 31f) tetragonal, never climbing ; tendrils wanting ; leaves clothed with silvery-grey down ; leaflets oblong-linear, mucronatc ; stipu- las lanceolate, semi-sagittate ; peduncles many-flowered, about the length of the leaves ; flowers secund, loose ; calycinc segments almost equal, length of the tube ; style elongated, rather clavate, bearded at the apex ; legumes oblong, compressed, tomentose. 1/ . H. Native of the Pyrenees, on tlie Spanish side. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. no. lull. Hook. bot. mag. 2940. Calyx reddish with green teeth. Flowers with the vexillum and wings yel- lowish-white, streaked with purple, but the keel is wliite. Root fusiform. SihcnjYetch. Fl. June, July. Clt, 1827. PI. 1 foot. 41' V. TRicHOc.Or.YX (Moris, clench, sard, ex Schlecht. Lin- naea. 5. p. 96.) plant pubescent ; leaflets elliptic-oblong, mucro- nulate ; tendrils branched; stipulas lanceolate, semi-sagittate, toothed ; peduncles many-flowered, about equal in length to the leaves ; flowers secund, crowded ; calyx very villous, with seta- ceous teeth, which are much longer than the tube ; legumes hairy. ©. H. Native of Sardinia, in corn-fields. This plant is very like F. atropurpurea of Desf. but differs in flowering later, and in every part being much larger, in the calyx being more villous, and, lastly, in the corolla being white, and only rose-coloured at the apex. Hair-calyxed Vetch. PI. cl. 45 V. viLLOSA (Roth. fl. germ. 2. p. 182. but not of Brot.) plant clothed with villi ; stems tetragonal ; tendrils almost sim- ple ; leaflets oblong, mucronulate, opposite or alternate ; stipulas lanceolate, entire, semi-sagittate ; peduncles many-flowered, length of the leaves ; flowers secimd, rather loose ; calycine teeth setaceous, pilose, longer than the tube ; style villous at tlie apex ; legumes oblong, compressed, glabrous ; seeds globose, varie- gated. ©. H. Native of Germany. Sturm, deutschl. fl. 1. fasc. ^1. with a figure. Flowers purple. Like V. atropurpurea, but differs in the stipulas being entire, and in the legumes being smooth. Villous Xeich. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1815. PI. cl. 46 V, uisTERMA (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 154. and fl. fr. 5. p. 578.) plant rather pilose ; stems tetragonal; tendrils simple ; leaves with 8-10 pairs of linear-oblong mucronate leaflets; sti- pulas semi-sagittate, entire ; peduncles 2-3-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; flowers small ; calycine teeth nearly equal, lanceo- late-subulate, length of the tube, and about equal in length to the corolla ; style villous at the apex ; legumes oblong, compressed, glabrous, reticulated, transversely 2-seeded ; seeds globose, black. ©. H. Native of the south of France. V. parviflora, Lois. fl. gall. 4G6. but not of Michx. Flowers and fruit like those of E'rvum tens. Tivo-seeded Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. cl. 47 V. ALTi'ssiMA (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 163.) leaflets elliptic, quite smooth, truncate at the apex ; petioles usually bearing 10 leaflets ; stipulas dentate ; peduncles many-flowered, longer than the leaves ; flowers nodding ; calycine teeth unequal, supe- rior ones minute, lower ones acute and longer ; style bearded ; legumes lanceolate, compressed, many-seeded. %.H. Native of Barbary. Flowers pale blue, about the size of those of F, septum . Tallest Yetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. cl. 48 V, polyspe'rma (Tenore, prod, append. 5. 1826. ex Schlecht. Linnsea. 3. p. 102.) stem branched; leaves eirrhi- ferous ; leaflets ovate-oblong, obtuse, entire, mucronate, gla- brous; tendrils branched ; stipulas toothed; peduncles 8-10- flowered, longer than the leaves ; flowers erect, loosely racemose ; calycine teeth unequal, upper ones shorter, lower ones setaceous, longer ; legtmies linear-lanceolate, 3 inches long, flat, glabrous, 14-20-seeded. 7/ . H. Native of Naples, in hedges. Flowers the size of those of F. saliva, pale blue. Very nearly allied to F. altissima, but in it the legume does not exceed an inch in length, the leaflets are also elliptic and truncate at the apex, 4 lines long and 3 broad, but in the present jjlant they are 8 lines long and 5 broad. Flowers densely racemose. Manij-seedcd Vetch. PI. cl. 8 feet. 49 V. Biii'NNis (Lin. spec. 1036.) leaflets about 12, lanceo- late, glabrous; petioles furrowed, cirrhous ; sti])ulas sumi-sagit- tate, acute ; peduncles many-flowered, hardly longer than the leaves ; calycine teeth unequal ; legumes ascending, compressed, glabrous, short. $. H. Native of Siberia. Poir. diet. 5. p. 558.-r-Gmel. sib. 4. p. 10. t. 2. Leaves involute. Flowers pale blue. Seeds globular, dirty yellow, spotted with black. This promises to become an useful plant for fodder, the stalks growing to a great length, and being well furnished with leaves, which do not decay in autumn, but continue green through the winter, in defiance of the most severe frost ; so that in February and JLirch, when there is often a scarcity of green food for ewes and lambs, this may l)e of great service. Biennial Vetch. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1753. PI. cl. 50 V. Nissolia'na (Lin. spec. 1036.) plant downy; petioles cirrhous ; leaflets oblong, hardly retuse, rather downy ; stipulas lanceolate, entire, very narrow ; peduncles many-flowered ; flowers small, dark purple ; legumes ovate-oblong, villous, nod- ding, 5-seeded. ©. H. Native of the Levant. Stem angular. The plant in the gardens under this name is a very shewy species, with dark-purple, elegant, crowded, secund flowers, and is the plant figured in bot. reg. t. 871. under the name of F. alro- jiurpurea. Nissol's Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1773. PI. cl. 51 V. PELLu'ciDA (Jacq. hort. sehcenbr. 2. p. 220. t. 222.) stems branched ; leaflets obovate, emarginate ; stipulas oblong ; peduncles usually 4-flowered, shorter than the leaves, which are without tendrils ; calycine teeth equal, spreading ; style bearded at the a])ex ; legumes oblong, compressed, falcate, membranous, rather villous ; seeds kidney-shaped, compressed. 1/ . G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purple, but with the vexillum variegated. Leaves impari-pinnate. Pellucid Vetch. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812. PI. 1 foot. 52 V. Hooke'ri ; plant sparingly pilose ; leaves with 3-4 pairs of narrow, linear, acuminated leaflets ; tendrils almost simple ; stipulas semi-sagittate, linear, entire ; peduncles shorter than the leaves, few-flowered ; calyx short, campanulate ; the teeth lan- ceolate and equalling the tube ; corolla glabrous ; legumes lan- ceolate, 6-seeded, compressed, with pilose sutures. 11 . V. Na- tive of Chili, .'about Conception. V. parviflora, Hook, in Beech, bot. p. 20. but notof Cav. Habit of E'rvum tctraspcrmum. Hoolers Vetch. PI. cl. 53 V. Mitche'lli (Rafiii. prec. 37. and in Desv. journ. bot. 1814. p. 269.) plant glabrous; stems weak, striated; leaves for the most part with 7 pairs of leaflets ; leaflets oblong, cunei- form, retuse, mucronate ; stipulas entire or multifid, small ; peduncles many-flowered ; vexillum pubescent ; legumes 2- seeded, pilose. ©. H. Native of North America, in Long Island. Ell. sketch, car. et geogr. 2. p. 224. Seeds edible. Milchel's Vetch. PI. cl. 54 V. PARVIFLORA (Cav. annal. sci. nat. 4. p. 73. but not of Michx. nor Lois.) stems filiform; leaves cirrhous ; leaflets linear, mucronate ; stipulas normal ; peduncles elongated, 2-4-flowered. ©. H. Native about Mogodor. Small-Jlowered Vetch. PI. cl. 55 V. bidentaVa (Hook, bot. misc. 2. p. 215.) plant quite smooth ; leaves with 2-3 pairs of opposite and alternate, cu- neated leaflets, which are bidentate at the apex, and with a mucrone in the centre ; tendrils simple ; stipulas broad, semi- sagittate, a little toothed; peduncles 3-4-flowered, equal in length to the leaves ; legumes oblong, glabrous. ©. H. N;.- tive of Peru, near Lima. Bidentate -\eA\eil Vetch. PI. 1 foot. 320 LEGUMINOSiE, CLXIX. Vicia. 56 V. BIFLORA (Desf. atl. 2. p. 16G. t. 197.) leaves tendrilled; leaflets numerous, linear-lanceolate ; stipulas semi-sagittate, en- tire ; peduncles 2-flowered, shorter tlian the leaves ; calycine teeth nearly equal, small. ©. H. Native of Algiers. Flowers blue. Tmo-forvered'V etch. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1801. PI. cl. 57 V. grami'nea (Smith, in Rees' cycl. vol. 37.) plant almost smooth ; leaflets 3 pairs, linear, pointed ; stipulas ovate, entire, slightly sagittate ; peduncles 4-flo\vered, shorter than the leaves ; tendrils simple or divided ; legumes smooth, compressed, not an inch in length, elliptic-oblong, with an oblique, incurved point ; seeds 6-7, small, round. 1/ . ? H. Native of Buenos Ayres. Flowers very small, pale, apparently tinged with purple. Calyx rather downy, with the teeth shorter than the tube. Grassy-leaved Vetch. PI. cl. § 2. Flowers pedunculate, solitary, 58 V. CALCARA TA (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 166.) steins rather tetra- gonal, decumbent ; leaflets linear-lanceolate, obtuse ; stipulas furcate ; peduncles 1 -flowered, bracteolate at the apex, much shorter than the leaves ; calycine teeth small, acute ; legumes compressed, glabrous. ©.? H. Native of Algiers. V. mon- antha, Retz. obs. 3. p. ijd. Willd. spec. 3. ^. 1109. and enum. p. 764. Flowers blue and veined. Spurred \c\.c\\. FL July, Aug. Clt. 1790. PI. cl. 59 V. Bithy'nica (Lin. spec. 1038.) stems weak, leafy, an- gular, slightly branched ; leaves with 2 pairs of lanceolate, mu- cronate leaflets, hairy beneath ; stipulas semi-sagittate, with deep fringed teeth ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered ; calyx hairy, with very long rather unequal fringed teeth ; legumes erect, broad, slightly tumid, clothed with rigid tawny hairs. "H.. H. Native of the south of Europe. In Britain in bushy places, on a gravelly soil, often near the sea, near Doncastcr, Yorkshire ; in woods, near Clifton-upon-Teme, Worcestershire ; between Rockenhall and Sandbury, in the same county ; in a field half way between Weymouth and Portland Ferry, near the sea, and on the coasts of Dorsetshire and Hampshire. Smith, engl. bot. 1842. Jacq. hort. vind. 2. p. 69. t. 147. Flowers with a pur- plish vexillum, and the keel and wings white, the former tipped with violet. B'tthyn'ian Vetch. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PL prostrate. 60 V. Syriaca (Weinm. hort. dorp. 162.) plant glabrous ; stems decumbent; leaves with 4-5 pairs of ovate-oblong, mu- cronate leaflets ; stipulas linear, entire, small ; legumes pedun- culate, solitary, rcflexed, 4-5-seeded. 0. H. Native of Syria. Flowers violaceous. Very like /'. calcarata. Si/rian\ctch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PL cl. 61 V. hu'milis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 498. t. 581.) stems weak ; leaves with 2-3 pairs of linear-lanceolate, obtuse, mucronate, glabrous leaflets ; tendrils simple ; stipulas linear, acute, semi-sagittate ; peduncles 1 -flowered, shorter than the leaves ; calycine segments long ; legumes lanceolate ; calyx and rachis clothed with adpressed down. ©. H. Native of Mexico, near Moran, at the height of 3990 feet above the level of the sea. Flowers rose-coloured. Humble Vetch. PL cl. § 3. Flowers nearly sessile, solitary. 62 V. interme'dia (Viv. fl. lyb. p. 42. t. 19. f. 1.) leaves with 3-4 pairs of leaflets, lower ones obcordate, cuneated, supe- rior ones linear, emarginate and mucronulate ; tendrils obso- lete; stipulas semi-sagittate; flowers solitary; calyx 10- nerved, gibbous at the base ; legumes hairy, rather comjjressed. ©. H. Native of Cyrenaica, in meadows. Allied to F. latliy- 'rvides and F. saliva, according to Viviani. Flowers purple. Intcrmcdiale Vetch. Fl. June, July. PL i foot. 63 V. I'lMPiNELLoiDES (Mauri, pi. rom. cent" 13. p. 35.) leaf- lets deeply crenated, superior ones quite entire ; stipulas spotted, a little toothed, semi-sagittate ; flowers usually solitary and almost sessile ; calycine teeth elongated, ciliated ; legumes erect, oblong, glabrous ; seeds roundish, compressed. ©. H. Na- tive of Italy, about Rome. Flowers purple ? Pimpcrncl-like Vetch. Fl. June, July, PL cl. 64 V. re' PENS (D'Urv. enum. pi. arch. p. 88.) stems diffuse, branched at the base, trailing ; leaflets usually 6, alternate, very narrow and acute ; stipulas small ; flowers axillary, solitary, almost sessile ; legumes compressed, glabrous, 4-seeded. If. . H. Native of the island of Melos, in dry places. Flowers pale purple, twice or thrice the length of the calyx. Root creeping. Creeping Vetch. PL trailing. 65 V. globosa (Rets. obs. 3. p. 39.) leaves tendrilled; leaflets 4-8, pubescent, each ending in a rcflexed bristle; stipulas spotted, 4-toothed ; flowers solitary, erect, almost ses- sile ; calycine teeth linear-lanceolate, ciliated ; legumes terete, spreading, glabrous; seeds globose. ©. H. Native country vmknown. Very like F. saliva, but differs from it in the sti- pulas, in the longer calyx, in the form of the legume, and lastly in the fewer leaflets. Flowers blue, G/otoie-seeded Vetch. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1804. PL cl. 66 V. piLosA (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 161.) plant hairy; leaves hardly cirrhiferous, upper leaflets linear-lanceolate, acute, or truncate and mucronulate, hairy ; stipulas semi-sagittate, a little toothed ; flowers solitary, sessile ; calyxes cylindrical, w ith linear, parallel, nearly equal segments, length of the tube ; style bearded at the apex, 0. H, Native of Tauria. Flowers purple. Seeds globose, black. Pilose Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PL li foot. 67 V. peregri'na (Lin. spec. 1038.) leaves tendrilled ; leaflets 10-12, linear, truncate, and mucronate ; stipulas semi-sagittate, linear, entire ; flowers solitary, pedunculate ; calyxes campanu- late, with lanceolate-linear, nearly equal, diverging segments, which are about the length of the tube ; style bearded at the apex ; legumes compressed, lanceolate, reticulated, inclined, broad, puberulous ; seeds nearly globose. 0. H. Native of the south of Europe. Hoppe in Sturm, deutschl. fl. 1. fasc. 32. with a figure. Flowers of a dusky violet colour. Fomg-w Vetch. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1779. PL cl. 68 V. MEGALOSPERMA (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 161. and suppl. 471.) leaves cirrhiferous, leaflets linear, retuse, mucronate; sti- pulas semi-sagittate, entire, small ; flowers solitary, almost sessile ; style bearded at the apex ; legumes pubescent, reflexed ; seeds large, globose, brown, with more obscure confluent spots. ©. H. Native of Tauria. Flowers purple. Large-seeded Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1798. PL cl. 69 V. MicHAu'xii (Spreng. cat. Iiort. hal. ex Willd. enum. 764.) leaflets linear, truncate, mucronate ; stipulas lanceolate, undivided ; peduncles very short, tufted ; calycine teeth unequal, upper ones very short, lower ones length of the tube ; legumes finely pubescent, 3-4-seeded. ©.H. Native country unknown. Corolla white. Nearly allied to V. peregrina, but the calyxes are very distinct. Michauxs Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1803, PL \\ foot. 70 V. LiNEARiFOLiA (Hook. in Beech, bot. p. 20.) plant pilose ; stems angular ; leaves with 5 pairs of linear retuse leaf- lets; tendrils usually simple, or almost so ; stipulas broad, semi- sagittate, toothed at the base, dotless ; flowers almost sessile, solitary ; calyx campanulate, villous ; teeth subulate, about equal ; corolla glabrous ; legumes hairy. ©. H. Native of Chili, about Conception. Flowers not half the size of those of V. sativa. Like r. Michauxii. Lincar-lcajletled Vetch. PL cl. 71 V. amphica'rpa (Dorth. journ. phys. 35. p. 131.) leaves tendrilled ; lower leaflets obcordate, mucronate, upper ones linear, retuse, and mucronate ; stipulas semi-sagittate, entire or LEGUMINOS/"E. CLXIX. Vkia. 321 toothed; (lowers solitary, almost sessile; calyxes cylindrical with equal, linear, parallel segments, which are sliorter than the tube ; style bearded at tlie apex ; legumes reticulated, puberu- lous, stem ones linear-oblong, inclined, under-ground or root ones ovate, compressed, and short. ©. H. Native of the south of France, in gravelly places. Ger. mag. enc. ann. 6. vol. 3. p. 311. with a figure. D. C. fl. fr. no. 1031. Flowers crim- son, hardly tlie size of those of/', saliva. Both-sided- fruited or Underground-podded Vetch. Fl. May, June. Cit. 1815. PI. cl. 72 V. Pvkena'ica (Pour. act. toul. 3. p. S33.) leaves ten- drilled ; leatlets obcordate, mucronate ; stipidas semi-sagittate, entire or denticulated ; flowers solitary, almost sessile ; calyxes somewhat campanulate, with unequal, lanceolate, somewhat spreading segments, which are shorter than the tube ; style bearded at the apex ; legumes oblong-linear, reticulated, smooth- ish, and inclined. If.. H. Native of the Pyrenees, in meadows. D. C. fl. fr. no. 4022. icon. rar. 1. p. 10. t. 33. Flowers pur- plish. Root creeping. Pyrn>ean\ etch. Fl. May. Clt. 1818. PI. i foot. 73 V. LATHYuoiDEs (Lin. spec. 1037.) plant downy; stems branched ; leaves cirrhiferous ; leaflets 4-6, elliptic-oblong ; lower ones obcordate, tendrils simple ; stipules semi-sagittate, entire ; flowers solitary, sessile ; calyx cylindrical, with nearly equal, linear, parallel segments, which are shorter tlian the tube ; stvle bearded at the apex ; legumes compressed, reticulated, glabrous or wrinkled, inclined ; seeds globose, dotted with warts. ©. H. Native of the south of Corsica, and Britain, in fallow fields on a gravelly soil, in chalky pastures, or on banks ; about Norwich, and in Hj-de-park, also in the King's-park, and various other places round Edinburgh. Sturm, dcutschl. fl. 1. fasc. 31. Smith, engl. hot. 30. Oed. fl. 98. Jacq. misc. 2. p. 299. t. 18. E'rvum Soloniense, Lin. spec. 1040. Flowers small, bluish purple, occasionally white. Lathijrus-Uhe Vetch. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. tr. 74 V. L^TSviG.iVv (Smith, engl. bot. 483. fl. brit. 2. p. 773.) plant quite smooth ; stems nearly erect, quadrangular, branched ; leaves cirrhiferous ; leaflets 8, elliptic-lanceolate, rounded, and mueronulate ; stipulas green or brownish, cloven ; calycine segments linear, equal, about the length of the tube ; legumes compressed, short, lanceolate-oblong, quite smooth. 2/. H. Native of the south of England, among pebbles by the sea-side, at Weymouth, Dorsetshire. V. hybrida, Huds. fl. angl. 319. Flowers of a whitish or pale blue, seldom yellowish. Smooth Vetch. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. | foot. 7.5 V. LVTEA (Lin. spec. 1037.) plant pilose ; stems branched; leaves cirrhiferous ; leaflets elliptic-lanceolate, sometimes retuse, hairy beneath ; flowers solitary, almost sessile ; calycine seg- ments unequal, diverging, superior ones short, lower ones shorter than the tube ; vexillum emarginate, glabrous ; style bearded at the apex ; legumes compressed, ovate-oblong, finely reticulated, pilose, bent down as it ripens ; seeds oval, smooth. ©. H. Native of the south of Europe ; in Britain on stony ground, chiefly near the sea; upon the pebbly beach at Orford, Suffolk; at Ald- burgh ; near Weymouth ; Shoreham, Sussex ; in a chalk pit on the side of Glastonbury Torhill ; in Scotland, in Mearnshire. .Sturm, fl. germ. 1. fasc. 31. with a figure. Smith, engl. hot. 481. Corolla pale yellow, rarely white. I'ar. ji, muricata (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 363.) fruit muricated. ©. H. Native about Tangiers. YeUow-dowereA Vetch. Fl. June, Aug. Britain. PI. cl. 76 V. iii'rta (Balb. misc. alt. Pers. ench. 2. p. 308.) stems hairy ; leaves cirrhiferous ; leaflets linear, uuicronate ; vexillum glabrous; legumes sessile, solitary, pilose, reflexed. ©. H. Native about Nice, in fields. 'J'his plant comes very near V. Ivtea, but difTers in being more hairy, in the leaflets being nar- VOL. II. rower, and in the flowers being white or very pale cream-co- loured. Jlaii;/ Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810. PI. cl. 77 V. hy'brida (Lin. spec. 1037.) plant pilose; stems branched ; leaves cirrhiferous ; leaflets obcordate, mueronulate ; stipulas semi-sagittate, a little toothed ; flowers solitary, almost sessile, somewiiat deflexed ; calycine segments narrow, nearly equal, length of the tube; vexillum emarginate, pilose; style bearded at the apex ; legumes lanceolate-oblong, compressed, finely reticulated, pilose, reflexed. ©. H. Native of Europe ; in the south of England but very rare ; on Glastonbury Toriiill. Sturm, fl. germ. 1. fasc. 32. with a figure. Smith, engl. bot. 482. Jacq. hort. vind. 2. t. 146. Flowers pale yellow, streaked a little with red. Hybrid Vetch. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. cl. § 4. Flowers solitary, pedimculatc. 78 V. spu'ria (Rafin. car. p. 72.) stems procumbent, rather angular ; leaves with 5-6 pairs of obovate, retuse, mucronate, pilose leaflets ; stipidas ovate-lanceolate, spotless ; flowers axil- lary, solitary, pedunculate, drooping ; vexillum villous ; legumes linear, compressed, 2-4-seeded. ©. H. Native of Sicily, near Palermo, and on mount Etna. Flowers yellowish. Spurious Vetch. PI. procumbent. 79 V. pusi'lla (Muhl. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 1100.) upper leaves furnished with long tendrils ; leaflets usually 6, lanceo- late, mucronate ; stipulas (juite entire, semi-sagittate ; peduncles long, solitary, 1 - flowered ; legumes oblong, small, glabrous. ©. H. Native of Pennsylvania. Perhaps the same as E'rvum tc- traspermum. Flowers small, white with a tinge of red. Small Vetch. PI. cl. 80 V. cilia'ius (Smith, fl. grsec. t. 700. ex prod. 2. p. 71.) leaflets about 7 pairs, emarginate ; stipidas setaceously-multifid ; peduncles 1-flowered, awned, length of the leaves. %, H. Na- tive of Asia Minor. Tendrils many-parted. End of pedicels drawn out beyond the flower. Flowers pale blue, streaked with purple. Legumes 1 inch long, compressed, 2-seeded. C'i7;a(cc/-stipuled Vetch. PI. cl. 81 V. MELANops (Smith, fl. graec. t. 701. ex prod. 2. p. 72.) stems diffuse ; stipulas marked with black ; wings depressed, in- cumbent; legumes solitary, reflexed, linear, glabrous. I/. H. Native of Laconia. Flowers of a dull greenish-yellow ; their wings, which converge horizontally, tipped with very dark brown. Very like / . hybrida. Black-marhed Vetch. PL cl. 82 V. ba'ctra (Zucc. obs. bot. cent. 1. no. 83. A.) stem 2- edged, striated ; leaflets wedge-shaped, retuse ; stipidas toothed, upper segments dotted ; legumes solitary, almost sessile. ©. H. Native country unknown. Bactra Vetch. PI. cl. § 5. Flowers almost sessile, twin. 83 V. iNci sa (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 471.) leaflets obovate, retuse, mucronate, deeply serrated ; stipulas toothed, semi-sagit- tate ; legumes sessile, usually twin, pubescent. ©. H. Native of Tauria. Very like F. satlva, but differs in the leaflets being very deeply cut into 2-4 opposite serratures on each side. Flowers purple. C'KMeafletted Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. cl. 84 V. corni'gera (Chaub. in Saint Amans fl. agen. p. 294.) leaflets linear, very narrow, villous ; stipidas entire, lower ones semi-sagittate, superior ones lanceolate ; flowers almost sessile, twin; vexillum subulate, convolute, spiral. ©. H. Native of sandy places, near Agen. Flowers purple. It is perhaps only a narrow leafletted variety of F. satlva. Horn-bearing Vetch. PI. 1 foot. T t 322 LEGUMINOS^. CLXIX. Vicia. 85 V. Canadensis (Zucc. obs. bot. cent. 1. no. 83.) leaves with 7 pairs of refuse miicronatc leaflets ; upper stipulas simple, marked above, lower ones ciliately 4-toothed ; superior legumes solitary, lower ones twin, and horizontal ; seeds globose, lenti- form, yellowish. ©.H. Native of Canada. Flowers purple ? Canada Vetch. PI. cl. 86 V. corda'ta (Wulf. ex Hoppe in Sturm, deutschl. fl. 1. fasc. 32.) leaves cirrhiferous ; leaflets 10-12, oblong-obcordate, mucronate ; stipulas semi-sagittately-toothed ; flowers usually twin, sessile ; calyx cylindrical, with lanceolate-linear, nearly equal, somewhat parallel segments, which are about the length of the tube ; legumes oblong, rather torulose, puberulous ; seeds globose, variegated. 0. H. Native of Germany. Flowers purple. This plant comes very near V. saliva, but still it is very distinct. C'on/a?e-leafletted Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. cl. 87 V. du'bia (Schultes, obs. 149.) leaves with 6 pairs of linear-truncate or linear-lanceolate, mucronate, ciliated leaflets ; stipulas marked, profoundly toothed ; flowers usually twin ; calyx striated, nerved, pubescent, with subulate teeth ; legumes gla- brous, terete, erect ; seeds round, cream-coloured. ©. H. Na- tive country unknown. Doubtful Vetch. PI. cl. 88 V. satiVa (Lin. spec. 1037.) leaves cirrliiferous : leaf- lets 6-10, obovate, or elliptic-oblong, retuse, mucronvilate, pi- lose or smoothish ; stipulas semi-sagittately-toothed ; flowers usually twin, sessile ; calyx cylindrical, with lanceolate-linear, nearly equal parallel segments, which are about the length of the tube ; style bearded at the apex ; legumes compressed, some- what torulose, oblong, reticulated, erectish ; seeds nearly glo- bose, smooth, variable in colour. !{.. H. Native of Europe, in corn or cultivated fields ; plentiful in Britain ; also of North America about Fort Vancouver. Flowers purple. This is a very variable plant in the form of the leaflets, in the size of the stems, and in the colour and size of the seeds. far. a, obotata (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 361.) leaflets obcordate, pilose ; legumes pubescent. V. sativa, Hoppe in Sturm, deutschl. fl. 1. fasc. 31. with a figure. V. sativa nemora- lis, Pers. ench. 2. p. 307. V. Helvetica, Hort. prag. ex Gerhard. Flowers reddish purple. Var. /J, segetalis (Ser. 1. c.) leaflets oblong, truncate, pointed, pilose; legumes pubescent. 0. H. V. segetalis, Tliuil. fl. par. cd. 2. p. 367. et Hoppe in Sturm. 1. c. with a figure. V. sativa. Smith, engl. bot. 334. Oed. fl. dan. t. 522. Mart. fl. rust. 116. V. Luganensis, Schleich. in herb. Balb. Flowers reddish purple. 'I'he tare, vetch or ftch, is called in French vcsce ; in German wicke; and in Italian loglio. It has been cultivated for its stevus and leaves from time immemorial. Kay, in 1686, informs us that the common tare or vetch was then sown almost all over Europe ; that it was cliicfly used in England mixed with peas and oats to feed horses, but that it was sometimes sown sepa- rately for soiling cattle, and was reputed to cause milch cows to yield much milk. The ^ace. Brown observes, is of hardy growth, and when sown upon rich land will return a large supply of green fodder, for the consumption of horses or for fattening cattle. The varieties of the tare are chiefly two, the winter and sprintr- tare ; both have local names, as gore-velch, rath-ripc-vetch, &-c. Professor Martin observes, that there appears a material differ- ence in the constitution of the two plants in question. Not to say any thing of a trifling difterence in the colour and size of their seeds, the only visible mark of distinction seems to be a disparity in the first leaves of the upright stalks, which in the spring-tare are elliptic and rounded, or notched at the end, but in the ninter-tare linear, and drawn to a point. The leaves of the branches, which afterwards issue below, and in time form the bulk of the plants, are the same in both the varieties. But whatever the difterence may be, it is evident that the seeds of the two sorts ought to be kept separate, since each sown out of its proper season is found not to prosper. Numerous other species of Flcia might be cultivated with advantage, as the F. Narbonensis and V. scrratijolia, which are cultivated in Ger- many. Dr. Anderson has recommended the V. sepium, and a writer in the Bath Agricultural Transactions the V. cracca. In choosing between the spring and winter tare every thing must depend on the intention of the crop. If the object is to have early food, the winter variety is imdoubtedly to be pre- ferred ; but where the land is foul, and requires to be two or three times ploughed in spring, or where a late crop is desired, or a crop for seed, then the spring variety will generally deserve the preference. The soil preferred by the tare is clay ; but it will grow in any rich soil, not over dry. In a moist climate, the haulm grows so luxuriant as to rot at the bottom, and in one over dry it is deficient of strength. A dry season is upon the whole more favourable than a moist one, as the crop soon covers the surface. I'he preparation of the soil seldom consists of more than one ploughing if for autumn sowing, and of a winter and spring ploughing when to be sown in spring. If in the latter case the land is very foul, several ploughings are given. In general tares succeed some of the corn crops. In England, manure is some- times given, either with a view to eating them off early, and fol- lowing with a crop of turnips, or to the enriching the soil for a crop of wheat. The time of sowing depends on the kind oi tare, and the pur- pose in view. The winter variety is sown in September and October, and the first sowing in spring ought to be as early as the season will permit. If they are to be cut green for soiling throughout the summer and autumn, which is the most advan- tageous method of consmuing them ; successive sowings should follow till the end of May. Summer tares, when meant for seed, ought to be sown early, otherwise the return will be imperfect, but when for green food any time betwixt the first of April and the end of May will answer, provided crops in succession from the first to the last mentioned period be regularly cidtivated. In Middlesex, the winter sowing is commenced about the begin- ning of August ; in the northern counties no winter sowings are made, as the tare there will not endure the severity of that season. The mode of sowing tares is mostly broad-cast, which should be performed as earlv as possible over well prepared land, the seeds being afterwards covered in by proper harrowing. It has been suggested, that in rich soil it is probable the row method would succeed well with this sort of crop, as Marshal states is the practice in some of the southern districts of the island. After the seed is sown, and the land carefully harrowed, a light roller ought to be drawn across, so that the surface may be smooth, and the scythe permitted to work without interruption. It is proper also to guard the field for several days against the depre- dations of pigeons, who are remarkably fond of lares, and will pick up a great part of the seed unless constantly watched. The quantity of seed to an acre is from 2i to 3i bushels, ac- cording to the time of sowing, and as they are to be consumed green or left to stand for a crop. When tares are intended for seed less seed is required. A writer in the Farmer's magazine, vol. 1. has suggested that the most productive manner of sowing this crop when intended for seed, is to mix them amongst beans when drilled, at the rate of one firlot o( tares to one boll of beans, atul by this means the quality of lares is vastly improved, as by clinging to the beans they are kept from the ground, and enjoy the full benefit of the sun in ripening them in the most perfect LEGUMINOS^. CLXIX. Vicia. 323 manner. Tlie beans at the same time answer for bands to tie the principal crop, and the produce in this way on an average of seasons is considered at least double. A little rye sown with the Kinlfr-lnrcs, and a few oats with the .«/)/(Hn--^rtct,s, not only serves to support the weak climbing stems, but adds to the bulk of the crop, by growing up through the interstices. In the choice of the seed. It is liardly possible to distinguish the grain of the winter from that of the spring variety ; the for- mer is said to be rather smaller and lighter coloured, but the only reliance must be on the honesty of the vender. i'hc after culture given to tares, consists merely in pidling out the larger weeds, unless they are in rows, in wliich case the horse or hand-hoe is applied; or intended for seed, in which case the weeding must be more particularly executed. In reaping tares for soiling, they ought always to be cut with the scythe, as the sickle by breaking asunder tiie stalks, and tear- ing up a number of the roots, renders the second crop of little value. When sown early, they will sometimes produce three mowings, but generally two. In reaping tares for seed, they may be either mown or cut down with the sickle, and treated like peas in drying, stalking, and threshing. Tares arc eaten off the ground in some places by different kinds of live stock, particularly by sheep ; and as the winter- sown variety comes very early in spring, the value of this rich food is then very considerable. The waste, however, in this way must be very great, even though the sheep be confined by hurdles, and must be still greater when consumed by horses or cattle. Tare ci'ops are sometimes made into hay, in which case great attention is necessary in drying it properly. The best time for cutting tares for hay is when the blossoms have begun to decline and the tares begin to fall and lie flat. When well made the hay is of the best and most nutritious properties. The produce of tares cut green is, according to Middleton, 10 to 12 tons the acre, which is a large crop, and when made into hay about 3 tons the acre, which shows the disadvantage of making these crops into hay. And it is found that the s/jri'no- tare crops are lighter and more likely to be injured by-a dry season. The produce in seed is likewise found to be considerable, being by some stated to be at from 3 to 6 sacks, but in other instances -10 bushels or more have been obtained from the acre. In the application of tares they are found to be a most nou- rishing food for all sorts of cattle. Cows give more butter when fed with this plant than with any other food whatsoever. Horses thrive better upon tares than they do upon clover or rye-grass ; and the same remark is applicable to the fattening of cattle, who feed faster upon this article of green fodder than upon any kind of grass or esculent plant wliatever. Danger often arises from their eating too much, especially when the tare is podded, as colics and other stomach disorders are apt to be produced by the excessive loads which they devour, in eon- sequence perhaps of the great quantity of fixed air contained in the plant. When the tares are over succulent, fewer dangers would follow if the tore*- were mixed with oat-straw in the stalls. If the plants are cut green and given to live stock, either on the field or in the fold-yards, there is perhaps no green crop of greater value, nor any better calculated to give a succession of herbage from May to November. The winter-sown tare, in a favorable situation, is ready for cutting before clover. The first spring croj) comes in after the clover must be all consumed or made into hay, and the successive spring sowings give a produce more nourishing for the larger animals than the after math of clover, and may afford green food at least a month longer. In the county of Sussex, Young observes, " tare crops are of such use and importance, that not one-tenth of the stock could be maintained without them : horses, cows sheep, hogs, all feed upon them : hogs arc soiled upon them without any other food. This plant maintains more stock than any other plant whatsoever. L'jjon an acre, Davies maintained 4 horses in much better condition than upon 5 acres of grass. Upon 8 acres he has kept 12 horses and 5 cows for three months, without any other food whatever. No artificial food is ecpial to this excellent plant." This statement must be coupled with the usual jnoduce of turnips in Sussex, 10 or 15 tons per acre, hence the superiority of tares to every other green crop. Tares cut green. Professor Thaer observes, draw no nourishment from the soil whatever, while made into hay they afford a fodder pre- ferred by cattle to peas-straw, and more nutritive than hay or any other herbage. The use of the grain of tares, is usually for sowing; but they are also given to pigeons, by whom they are highly relished, and it is thought they would form a very good food for poultry. In Germany they are given to horses, cows, sheep, and swine. The diseases of tares are so few as to be of no consequence. A crop is sometimes, but rarely, lost by the mildew. Common or Cultivated Vetch or Tare. Fl. May, July. Britain. PI. cl. 89 V. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Rotli. tcut. fl. germ. p. 310.) leaves cirrhifcrous ; leaflets 10-12, linear-lanceolate, lower ones obcor- date, miu-ronulate, pilose, or smoothish ; stipulas semi-sagittately toothed ; flowers twin, sessile ; calycine segments linear, nearly equal : legumes compressed, somewhat torulose, ercctish, reti- culated ; seeds globose, black. ©. H. Native of Europe, in corn-fields. Engl. hot. suppl. 2614. V. sativa fl, Lin. 1. c. Smith, engl. fl. 3. p. 381. — Sturm, deutschl. fl. I. fasc. 31. with a figure. V. Luganensis, Schleich. exsic. ex herb. D. C V. lathyroides, Huds. angl. ed. 2. p. 318. but not of Lin. Flowers purplish-crimson. Narrow-leaved Vetch. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. cl. 90 V. gla'bra (Schleich. ex pi. exsic.) leaflets oblong-ovate, rather truncate and mucronate, glabrous, as well as the legumes and calyxes ; the rest as in V. sativa. Q. H, Native of Swit- zerland, in fields. V. sativa, var. e, glabra, Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 361. Flowers purple. G/airoKS Vetch. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1819. PI. cl. 91 V. Boba'rtii (Forst. in Lin. trans, vol. 16. p. 442.) leaves cirrhiferous, rather hairy ; leaflets 6-7 linear, lower ones obcor- date ; stipulas small, narrow, toothed, with a pale depression beneath ; flowers solitary, nearly sessile ; legume nearly up- right, narrow, downy ; finally blackish ; seed globose, smooth. Q. H. Native of England, in grassy pastures, on a chalky or gravelly soil ; in Essex ; on Shotover-hiU, Oxfordshire ; in Stow wood ; in Hyde-park ; among the grass in Richmond Gardens ; also in Scotland. V. angustifolia. Smith, eng. fl. 3. p. 382. V. angustifolia, fl, Pers. V. lathyroides, Dicks. V. lathyroides, fl, Huds. V. sativa, y. Smith, fl. brit. 770. Flowers crimson, white at the keel and lower edge of the wings. Bobart's Vetch. Fl. May, July. Britain. PI. cl. 92 V. LEUcosPERMA (Mceuch. meth. 148.) leaves cirrhiferous; leaflets 10-12, obcordate, pilose or glabrous; stipulas semi- sagittately toothed ; flowers usually twin, sessile ; calyx cylin- drical, with linear-lanceolate, nearly equal segments ; legumes somewhat torulose; seeds globose, white, or yellow. ©. H. Native of Europe. V. alba, Manch. meth. 148. Flowers white or p\irple. While-seeded Welch. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1810. PI. cl. 93 V. GRANDiFLORA (Scop. fl. earn. 2. p. 65. t. 42.) leaves cirrhiferous; leaflets obcordate, mucronate, 10-12, approximate ; stipulas ovate ; flowers usually twin, inclined ; calycine seg- ments nearly equal, length of tube ; vexillum obovate, mucro- nulate ; style bearded at the apex ; legumes oblong, com- T T 2 324 LEGUMINOS.E. CLXIX. Vicia. pressed, glabrous, brown; seeds globose, blackish red. ©. H. Native of Carniola, and other parts of Europe. Flowers large, yellow. The vexilliun edged witii red. Great-foivercdX etch. Fl. June, Jnly. Clt. 1818. PI. cl. 94 V. so'kdida (Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 2. p. 133. t. 133.) stems branched ; leaves cirrhiferous ; leaflets 10-12, ob- ovate, retuse, nnicronate; stipulas semi-sagittate, entire, spotted ; flowers usually twin, inclined ; calyx cylindrical ; the segments hardly unequal, linear, a little shorter than the tube, parallel ; vexillum large, somewhat obcordate and mucronulate ; style bearded at the apex ; legumes lanceolate, compressed, decli- nate, sraoothish, reticulated ; seeds somewhat globose. ©. H. Native of Hungary. Sturm, fl. germ, l.fasc. 31. with a figure. Flowers large, yellow tinged with green, pedicellate. Far. /3, rotundata (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 363.) leaflets roundish-obcordate. Sordid-Rowered Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1802. PI. cl. 95 V. Bieberstei'nii (Besser. in Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. 492.) leaves cirrhiferous; leaflets 8-10, linear, rather truncate and mucronulate ; stipidas semi-sagittate, lanceolate, spotted ; flowers usually twin ; calyx cylindrical, with hardly unequal, linear segments, which are a little shorter than the tube ; legumes nearly sessile, usually solitary and spreading, glabrous. Q. H. Native of Fodolia. V. sordida, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 161. ex- clusive of the synonymes. Flowers yellow. Bicbcntein's Yetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. cl. 96 V. linea'ta (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. 473.) leaflets linear- elliptic, pilose ; stipulas spotted, lower ones deeply toothed ; flowers usually twin, almost sessile ; calycine teeth broadish, shorter than the tube, glabrous ; style bearded at the apex ; vexillum glabrous, lined ; legumes very pilose. ©. H. Native of Tauria. Flowers pale yellow ? Zi«c(/-flowered Vetch. PI. li foot. 97 V. biparti'ta (Moench. meth. p. 149.) leaves cirrhifer- ous; leaflets 5-7, linear, obtuse, acuminated; stipulas lanceo- late, bipartite ; peduncles twin, longish ; calycine teeth lanceo- late ; legumes terete, glabrous, 6-8-seeded. ©. H. Native country unknown. Biparlilc-sti]}u\ed Vetch. PI. cl. 98 V. BA'cLA(Mcench. meth. p. 148.) leaflets oblong, obtuse, and mucronulate ; stipulas semi-lunate, toothed; flowers twin; legumes erect, smooth ; calyx glabrous ; seeds somewhat com- pressed, olive-coloured. Q.H. Native country unknown. Bacla Vetch. PI. cl. 99 V. Bi'coLOR (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 51. ex Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. p. 81.) leaflets oblong, obtuse; stipulas subulate, with one tooth at the base ; peduncles naked, usually twin? shorter than the leaves. ©. H. Native country unknown. Flowers mixed with purple and wliite. rw'o-co/oMreJ-flowered Vetch. Fl. Ju. Aug, Clt. 1820. PI. cl. ^ 6. Flowers almost sessile, 2-4:-together, on very short pedi- cels, or few flowers on very short peduncles. 100 V. TRi'coLOR (Sebast. ct Mauri, prod. fl. rom. p. 245. t. 4.) stems simple ; leaves cirrhiferous ; leaflets numerous, oblong, retuse, and mucronulate, villous ; stipulas semi-sagittate, lanceolate, spacelate ; flowers 3-together, inclinate ; calyx ob- liciuely-campanulate, with unequal, diverging teeth, which are shorter than the tube ; vexillum dotted with rust colour ; style bearded at the apex ; legumes lanceolate, glabrous, ciliated, re- flexed. ©. H. Native about Naples. Vexillum yellowish. Wings purplish. Far. a, cbcordata (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 364.) leaflets obcordate, truncate, clothed with silky villi beneath. Var. p, oblonga (Ser. 1. c.) leaflets oblong, somewhat truncate, and mucronulate. Three-coloured-RoweredVetch. Fl.Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. cl. 101 V. se'pium (Lin. spec. 1038.) stems branched; leaves cirrhiferous; leaflets 10-12, ovate, retuse, and somewhat mucro- nulate, hairy, ciliated ; stipulas semi-sagittate, lower ones toothed, each marked with a brown spot ; flowers 3-4-together, leaning one way ; calyx hairy, tubular, with unequal teeth, which are deflexed at the apex and shorter than the tube ; style bearded at the apex ; legumes smooth, lanceolate-oblong, inclinate, a little ciliated, reticulated ; seeds globose, smooth. 1/ . H. Na- tive of Europe, in shady places. In Britain in thickets and under hedges, common. Sturm, fl. germ. 1. fasc. 31. with a figure. Smith, engl. bot. 1515. Oed. fl. dan. 699. Riv. tetr. irr. t. 56. Flowers dull bluish purple. This plant shoots earlier in spring than any other plant eaten by cattle, vegetates in the autumn, and continues green all the winter. A patch sown in drills in a garden was cut five times in the course of the second year, and produced at the rate of 24 tons an acre of green food, which when dry would weigh near four tons and a half. Though palatable to all kinds of cattle, it would be difficult to cultivate on a large scale, the seeds being generally devoured by the larvae of a species of Attelabus, which larvae are the prey of a species of ichneumon. Var. a, ochrolcuca (Bast, suppl. no. 8. D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 581.) flowers cream-coloured. Var. y, subroluada (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 364.) leaflets ovate-roundish ; flowers violaceous. Var. 0, capsella (Ser. 1. c.) leaflets obcordate, similar in shape . of the pods to C'aj)Ae//a ,• flowers 1-3-together, white? Native of the Levant. Hedge Vetch. Fl. May, July. Britain. PL cl. 102 V. Pannonica (Jacq. fl. aust. t. 34.) plant pilose ; stems simple ; leaves cirrhiferous : leaflets oblong, mucronate ; stipulas lanceolate, marked ; flowers from 2-4-together, inclinate, almost sessile ; calycine segments setaceous, nearly equal, length of tiie tube or longer ; vexillum pilose and emarginate ; style bearded at the apex ; legumes oblong-lanceolate, compressed, pilose, deflexed. ©. H. Native of Hungary and Austria. Sturm, fl. germ. 1. fasc. 31. with a figure. Flowers dirty white. Pami07uan Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1658. PI. cl. 103 V. STRIATA (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 162.) plant beset with hairs; leaves cirrhiferous ; leaflets elliptic, oblong, acute, clothed with silky pili beneath ; stipulas lanceolate, marked ; vexillum clothed with silky pili ; legumes pedunculate, 2 or 3-together, reflexed, clothed with silky pili. 1/ . H. Native of Tauria. Viscioldes hirsiita, Moench. meth. 137. V. Pannonica /3, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1107. V. purpurascens, D. C. hort. monsp. 155. v. Pannonica /5, purpurascens, Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 364. Flowers violaceous .and streaked, wings and keel paler. Var. (3, lincarifolia ; flowers purple ; leaflets linear-oblong, mucronulate. V. Pannonica y, linearifolia, Ser. 1. c. Striated-^oviexeA Vetch. Fl. June, July. Clt.? PI. cl. 104 V. trunca'tula (Fisch. cat. hort. gorenk. 1812. p. 72. ex Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 473.) stems almost simple, striated, glabrous; leaflets elliptic, truncate, and mucronulate at the apex, puberidous, with numerous diverging nerves ; tendrils almost obsolete ; stipulas semi-sagittate, ovate, small, acuminated ; pe- duncles almost sessile, few-flowered; calyx pilose, black, with nearly equal teeth, which are shorter than the tube ; style bearded; legumes lanceolate. %. H. Native of Caucasus. Flowers cream-coloured. This plant is nearly allied to V. se- ptum, but with the leaves impari-pinnate, as in /'. Cassubica. Var. /3, glabriiiscula (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 364.) plant less pubescent, teeth of calyx short and rather spacelate. Na- tive of Iberia. 7V(<»(Y(?e-leafletted Vetch. Fl. Jime, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 foot. 1 LEGUMINOS^. CLXIX. Vicia. CLXX. Ervum. 325 § 7. /Innual plants, with broad leaflets, resembling the common bean. 105 V. Narbone'nsis (Lin. spec. 1038.) stem tetragonal, striated, quadrifariously pilose ; leaves cirrliiferous ; leaflets ovate, entire ; stipulas seniisagittately toothed, ciliated, lower ones entire; flowers 2-3-4-toijetlier, on short pedicels; calyx campanulate, with ovate, 3-nerved segments, having the sides reflexed above ; style bearded at the apex ; legumes oblong, compressed, obliquely reticulated, glabrous, with ciliately-ser- rated sutures ; seeds nearly globose. ©. H. Native of the south of Europe. Flowers dark purple. Knor. del. 2. t. L. 1. Kiv. tet. t. 40. This plant might be cultivated with advantage as tares. Leaflets I. Narbonnc Vetch. Fl. Jmie, July. CIt. 1596. Pl.cl. IOC V. SERRATiFoLiA (Jacq. fl. aust. append, t. 8.) stem te- tragonal, striated, pilose ; leaves cirrliiferous ; leaflets ovate, serrated ; peduncles short, 2-3-flowered ; stipulas toothed ; calyx campanulate, with ovate, 3-nerved segments, which are inflexed at the sides above ; style bearded at the apex ; legimies lan- ceolate, compressed, with ciliately-serrated sutures ; seeds nearly globose. ©. H. Native of Austria and Hungary. Sturm, fl. germ. 1. fasc. 32. with a figure. Flowers deep purple. V. Narbonensis, var. a, serratifolia, Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 365. Very like F. Narbonensis, but difters in the serrated leaflets. Serrate-leaflelted Welch. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1723. PI. el. 107 V. platyca'kpos (Roth, abandl. 10. t. 1.) leaflets ovate, toothed at the apex ; stipulas ciliately toothed ; style bearded at the apex ; legumes almost sessile, solitary, compressed, a little inflated; seeds with scabrous margins. O- H. Native country unknown. Flowers deep purple. J. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 286. with a figure. Perhaps only a variety of F. Narbo- nensis. Leaflets 2 or 4. Broad-fruited Vetch. Fl. June, Aug, Clt. 1 723. PI. cl. 108 V. monade'lpha (Roth, cat. bot. part 2. p. 97. ex Poir. diet. 8. p. 568.) leaves cirrhiferous ; leaflets oval, repand-toothed ; stipulas semi-lunate, laciniately-toothed, upper ones entire at the apex ; peduncles C-flowered ; calycine segments unequal, 2 superior ones lanceolate, and rather falcate, lower one very long and linear, and ciliated at the apex ; legumes terete. ^ . H. Native of America. Flowers deep purple. Monadelphous Vetch. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. cl. ■\ The names of species mentioned in various garden cata- logues, but not described. Most of them are probably synomjmous n'ith those described above. 1 V. Bce'tica, Fisch. 2 V. Chris, Thouin. 3 V. ferrugi- nea, Bess. 4 T. grdcilis, Russell. 5 V. hirsUta, Fisch. 6 F. . hirsutissima, Cyrill. 7 F. Mtisquinez, Bosc. 8 F. nodosa, Fisch. 9 F. I'houini, MsiVtms. 10 F. torulbsa, Besf. 11 F. Virghiica, Martius. Cult. The species grow in any common soil. The perennial ones are inci-eased by dividing the roots or by seeds. The seed of the annual kinds only require to be sown in the open border in spring. All those belonging to the first division of the genus are worth cultivating for the beauty of their blossoms. CLXX. E'RVUM (from er«', tilled land, in Celtic ; some of the species are a pest in cultivated fields). Lin. gen. 874. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 598. prod. 2. p. 366. LiN. SYST. Diadelphia, Decdndria. Calyx 5-cleft, with linear acute segments, about equal in length to the corolla. Stigma glabrous. Legume oblong, 2-4-seeded. StcT. L Le'ns (the Latin name of the lentil, which is the Celtic name for the plant). Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 366. — Lens, Tourn. inst. t. 210. Legumes somewhat inflated, broad, oblong, 2-sceded. 1 E. le'ns (Lin. spec. 1039.) stems branched; leaflets ob- long, usually 8, nearly glabrous ; stipulas lanceolate, ciliated ; tendrils nearly simple ; peduncles 2-3-flowered, about equal in length to the leaves ; legumes bro.nd, short, somewhat truncate, finely reticulated, glabrous, 2-seeded ; seeds compressed. ©. H. Native of Eurojie, in corn-fields. Sturm, fl. germ. 1. fasc. 32. with a figure. Riv. tetr. irr. t. 35. Lens esculenta, Mancli. meth. ]). 131. Cicer punctulatum, Ilortul. Flowers small, pale blue, with the vexillum veined. There are varieties of this plant with fulvous, bay-coloured, and black seeds, varying in size. Tlie lentil is called Les lentils in French, Lcnlzcn in German, and Lcnliccia in Italian. It is a legume of great antiquity, being in esteem in Esau's time, and much prized in eastern countries ever since. In Egypt and Syria the seeds are parched in a frying-pan and sold in the shops, and considered by the natives as the best food for those who undertake long journeys. The lentil is considered a native of France, but has been known in England from the earliest agricultural records. In Gerarde's time they were sown like tares, their haulm given to cattle, and the grain to pigeons, and used in meagre soups. There are three varieties of lentil cultivated in France and Ger- many ; the small brown, which is highest flavoured, and the best for haricots and soups ; the yellowish, which is the largest and the next best ; and the Lentil of Provence, which is almost as large as a pea, with luxuriant straw, and more fit to be culti- vated as a tare, than for the grains as human food. A dry warm sandy soil is requisite for the lentil; it is sown rather later than the pea, at the rate of a bushel or a bushel and a half per acre, in other respects its culture and harvesting are the same, and it ripens sooner. The lentil, Young observes, is a crop not uncommon about Chesterford, in Essex, where they sow a bushel an acre on one ploughing in the beginning or middle of March. It is there the custom to make bay of them, or seed them for cutting into chaff" for trough-meat for sheep and horses, and they sow them on both heavy and dry soils. It is, however, added, that the whole county is of a calcareous nature. It is likewise stated, that attention shoulil be paid not to water horses soon after eating this sort of food, as it is apt to hove them. They are likewise asserted to be cultivated for the same purposes in Oxfordshire, and probably in other districts. The produce of the lentil in grain is about one-fourth less than that of the tare, and in straw it is not a third as much, the plants seldom growing above 1 or 14 foot in length. The straw is, however, very delicate and nourishing, and preferred for lambs and calves, and the grain on the Continent sells at nearly double the price of peas. Einhoff" obtained from 3840 parts of lentils, 1260 parts of starch, and 1433 of matter analogous to animal matter. The use of the lentil on the Continent is very general, and particularly by Roman Catholics in time of Lent, both in souj)s and dressed in butter sauce as haricot. They are imported from Hamburgh and sold in London for the same purposes. Lentil. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1548. Pl.cl. 2 E. nigricans (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 161-.') plant pubescent ; leaflets oblong ; stipulas semi-sagittate, denticulated at the base ; tendrils nearly ol)solete ; peduncles usually 2-flowered, longer than the leaves ; calycine segments rather diverging, subulate, longer than the corolla ; tulje of calyx very short ; legumes black, glabrous, 2-seeded; seeds black. ©. H. Native of the south of Tauria and of Lucania. E. lentoides, Tenor, prod, suppl. 2. p. 68. and cat. 1819. p. 56. Flowers pale blue. i?/«cA-poddod Lentil. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Pl.cl. 1 ft. 3 E. lenti'cula (Schreb. herb, ex Sturm, fl. germ. 1. fasc. 32. with a figure) leaflets oblong-linear ; stipulas small, lanceo- late, acute; tendrils almost wanting; peduncles 1 -flowered, longer than the leaves ; calycine segments lanceolate-linear, equal, ciliated ; legumes somewhat ovate, compressed, rather 326 LEGUMINOS^. CLXX. Ervum. truncate, pubeiulous, 2-seecled ; seeds globose, dotted with black. ©. H. Native of Carinthia, in fields. E. Soloniense, Wulf. in Schranck, pi. lar. t. 48. E. unifloium, Tenore, prod, suppl. 2. p. C8. Sebast. pi. rom. fasc. 3. p. 1.3. t. 4. Cicer ervoides. Brig. pi. foro-jidiens, 27. Flowers blue. Small Lentil. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot. 4 E. vicioiDES (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 1G8. t. 198.) plant hairy; leaves cirrhiferous, with many leaflets ; leaflets oval-oblong, ob- tuse, andmucronate-, stipulas subulate ; peduncles few-flowered ; calyx very pilose, with the segments longer than the tube ; le- gumes hairy, rhomboid, reticulated, 2-seeded ; seeds roundish, black. ©. H. Native of Algiers, in hedges. E. viciaeforme, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 270. Corolla pale blue, twice the length of the calyx. I'etch-Uke Lentil. PI. cl. 5 E. hirsu'tum (Lin. spec. 1039.) leaves cirrhiferous ; leaflets linear, retuse, mucronulate ; stipulas semi-sagittate, narrow ; peduncles 3-7-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; calycine seg- ments lanceolate-linear, equal, longer than the tube ; legumes oblong, compressed, rather truncate, hairy, finely reticulated, nodding, 2-seeded; seeds globose, variegated. ©. H. Native of Europe, in cidtivated fields; plentiful in Britain: also of North America, at Fort Vancouver. Sturm, fl. germ. 1. fasc. 32. with a figure. Smith, engl. bot. 971. Curt. fl. lond. 54. Oed. fl. dan. 639. V. Michelh, Rafin. ex EH. car. 2. p. 224. D.C. prod. 2. p. 3()0? Flowers small, pale blue, or almost white. This is a very troublesome weed in corn-fields ; in wet seasons whole crops are overpowered by it. All sorts of cattle will eat it. In some parts of England it is known by the name of Tine-tare. Hairy Lentil or Tine-tare. Fl. June, Jidy. Brit. PI. cl. 6 E. Cociiinchine'nsis (Pers. ench. 2. p. 309.) leaflets 3, nearly lanceolate, wrinkled, and pilose; peduncles many-flow- ered ; legumes terete, acuminated, 2-seeded; seeds globose. ©. H. Native of Cochin-china. E. hirsiitum. Lour, cochin, p. 461. Flowers purplish. Cochin-china Lentil. PI. 2 feet. 7 E. Terro^nii (Tenore, fl. neap. prod, append. 5. 182G.) leaves cirrhiferous, with 8 pairs of linear-elliptic, truncate, rather mucronate, glabrous leaflets ; peduncles awned, 4-8-flowered, much shorter than the leaves ; calycine segments lanceolate- linear, equal, pubescent, and about the length of the corolla ; le- gumes glabrous, ovate, truncate, inflated, reticulated ; seeds bay- coloured. ©. H. Native of Naples, in hedi^es. This plant differs from E. dispermum in being smooth, and in the peduncles being many-flowered. Terrene's Lentil. PI. cl. 8 E. dispe'rmum (Uoxb. in Willd. enum. p. 766.) leaflets linear-lanceolatc, pubescent ; pedimcles 2-flowered, awned- le- gumes glabrous, 2-seeded. ©. H. Native of the East Indies. Peduncles and calyxes pubescent. Two-seeded heniW. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1802. PI. cl. 9 E. CAMELORUM (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 270.) peduncles l-'flow- ered, nodding, awned ; legumes 2-seeded, glabrous ; leaves pu- bescent, upper ones cirrhiferous, with 6-8 pairs of leaflets, lower ones oblong, upper ones linear, mucronate. ©. H. Native country unknown. Camel's Lentil. PI. cl. Sect. II. Ervi'lia (an alteration from the generic name). Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 366.— Ervilia, Link, ennni. vol. 2. Legumes somewhat inflated, oblong-linear, 4-G-seeded. 10 E. Ervilia (Lin. spec. 1040.) plant glabrous ; leaves cir- rhiferous ; leaflets numerous, oblong, mucronulate ; flowers usually twin, pedunculate ; stipulas sub'-lanceolate, toothed ; caly- cine segments equal, very narrow, much longer than the tube ; legumes torulose, 4-seeded, glabrous, transversely and finely re- ticulated ; seeds roundisii, angular. ©. H. Native of the south of Europe, in cultivated fields. Sturm, fl. germ. 1. fasc. 32. with a figure. Riv. tetr. irr. t. C. Blackw. icon. t. 208. t. 3. Vicia Ervilia, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1103. Ervilia sativa. Link, enum. 2. p. 240. Flowers pale purple. The seeds of this plant ground into flour are sometimes used in medicines abroad, and the green herb is employed for feeding cattle in some countries, but the plant is not worth cultivating for that purpose in England. £to;/ or Bastard Lentil. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1596. PL cl. 11 E. mona'nthos (Lin. spec. 1040.) stems tufted, simple; leaflets numerous, linear, truncate, and mucronulate ; tendrils almost simple ; stipulas unequal, one of which is linear-lanceo- late, and entire ; the other very narrow, and fringed ; peduncles 1 -flowered, about equal in length to the leaves; calycine seg- ments linear, equal, longer than the tube ; legumes oval, com- pressed, glabrous, with transverse reticulated veins, torulose, 3- 4-seeded. ©. H. Native of the south of Europe. Sturm, fl. germ. 1. fasc. 32. with a good figure. Vicia articulkta, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1109. Lathyrus monanthos, Willd. enum. 760. but not of his spec. pi. Vicia multifida, Wallr. fl. hal. suppl. 3. p. 85. Flowers purple, with blue veins. One-fo7vercd Lent[\. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1798. PI. cl. 12 E. tetraspe'rmum (Lin. spec. 1039.) stems tufted, branch- ed ; leaves cirrhiferous ; leaflets 4-6 pairs, oblong, bluntish, mucronulate ; stipulas lanceolate, semi-sagittate; peduncles 1-4- flowered, but usually 2-flowered, filiform ; calycine segments un- equal, bioadish, shorter than the tube ; legumes oblong, com- pressed, glabrous, nerveless, rather torulose ; seeds nearly glo- bose, black. ©. H. Native of Europe, in cultivated fields ; also of North America, in Upper Canada, in grassy meadows. Sturm, fl. germ, 1. fasc. 32. with a good figure. Curt. lond. 1. t. 55. abr. 15. Smith, engl. bot. 1223. Oed. fl. dan. t. 95. Flowers very pale grey. The keel tipped with deep blue. Far. /3, phyllocdrpon (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. S67.) leaflets numerous, transformed into legumes. Four-seeded Lentil. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. cl. IS E. gra'cile (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 109. et fl. fr. 5. p. 581.) stems ascending, angular, with the angles pubescent above ; tendrils simple; leaflets 6-8, linear-lanceolate, acuminated, rather pubescent ; stipulas semi-sagittate, entire, narrow ; peduncles 3-flowered ; flowers secund, pendulous ; calycine teeth unequal, 2-superior ones short, broad, and a little recurved, the lower 3 equal, awl-shaped, and acute; corolla one-half longer than the calyx ; legumes pendulous, compressed, torulose, glabrous ; seeds of a testaceous colour, nearly globose. ©. H. Native of Fiance and Spain, in corn-fields. Vicia gracilis, Lois. fl. gall. p. 460. f. 12. E. tenuifolium, Lagasc. nov. gen. p. 22. E. tenuissimum, Pers. ench. 2. p. 309. E. longifolium, Tenor, prod. p. 59. Vicia laxiflora, Brot. phyt. 123. E. tetiasper- mum ft, gracile, Ser. Flowers white, having the vexillum streaked with purple or red. Slender heniW. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1S22. PI. cl. 1 foot. 14 E. tube'scens (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 109. fl. fr. 5. p. 582.) stems tufted, branched ; leaves cirrhiferous ; tendrils forked ; leaflets 4-6, elliptic, mucronulate ; stipulas linear ; pe- duncles 1-4- flowered, filiform ; calycine segments unequal, bioadish, shorter than the tube ; legumes oblong, compressed, rather villous, nerveless, and a little torulose. ©. H. Native of Provence, and about Naples. Flowers purplish ? ' ar. ft, leiocdrpiim (Moricand, herb.) legumes glabrous ; stems smaller. Native about Naples. Pubescent LentW. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. cl. 15 E. LoisELEu^Rii (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 475. exclusive of the synonyrae of Lois.) leaflets oblong-linear ; lower stipulas semi-iiastate, upper ones subulate; peduncles usually 2-flow- LEGUMINOS^. CLXX. Ervdm. CLXXI. Pisum. 327 ereJ, shorter than the leaves ; teeth of calj-x setaceous, longer tlian tlie tul)e ; legumes glabrous, 4-secik'd ; seeds globose. ©. n. Native of Taiiria. This is perhaps nothing else but E. ie- traspcrmum. Loiscltur's Lentil. PI. cl. 16 E. AKisTA'ruM (Rafin. prec. p. 38. and in Desv. journ. hot. ISM. p. 270.) stems neak, angular; loaves with 3 pairs of linear acute leaflets ; tendrils simple ; peduncles axillary, very long, awned, and for the most part bearing 2 flowers each ; le- gumes 2-G-seeded. ©. H. Native of Sicily, on mount Etna, and near Messina. yf H'H<;. Wood Lathyrus or Narrow-leaved Everlasting-pea. Fl. July, Sept. Britain. PI. cl. 4 L. mjbe'scens (Hook, in Beech, voy. p. 21.) plant clothed with soft pubescence above ; stems winged ; leaves cirrhiferous, having one pair of oblong-lanceolate leaflets, which are twice the length of the petiole ; stipulas ovate, semi-sagittate, nearly one- half shorter than the petioles ; peduncles many-flowered, longer than the leaves ; calyx tubular, pubescent, with lanceolate teeth. l/.H. Nativeof Chili, about Conception and Valparaiso. This species has many points in common with L. sylvestris. Pubescent Everlasting-pea. PI. cl. 5 L. interme'dius (Wallr. sclied. crit. p. 386.) plant quite glabrous ; stems winged ; leaves with one pair of oblong-lan- ceolate, self-coloured, mucronulate leaflets, which are obtuse at both ends; stipulas linear ; peduncles many-flowered. %. H. Native of Germany. Flowers rose-coloured, larger tlian those of L. syheslris, as well as the legumes. L. sjlvestris, Muhl. fl. dan. 785. Perhaps only a variety of L. sylvestris. /n/ermerfin(e Everlasting-pea. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1820. PI. cl. 6 L. Magella'nicus (Lam. diet. 2. p. 708.) plant glabrous and blackish ; stems a little branched, tetragonal, but not winged ; leaves with one pair of ovate or ovate-oblong leaflets ; stipulas broad, cordately-sagittate, broader than the leaves ; ten- drils trifid ; peduncles long, 3-4-flowered ; legumes unknown. 1/. H. Native of the Straits of Magellan. Flowers bluish purple. 7l/no-c//a?i Everlasting-pea. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1744. PI. cl. 7 L. Hooke'ri; plant glabrous, blackish; stems angular, hardly winged ; leaves with one pair of linear-lanceolate leaflets ; petioles furnished with a short tendril each ; stipulas semi-sagit- tate, ovate, much shorter than the leaflets ; peduncles twice the length of the leaves, usually 5 -flowered ; calyx campanidate, nerved, with nearly equal teeth. 1/ . H. Native of Chili, about Conception. L. sessilifoHus, Hook, in Beech, voy. 1. p. 20. but not ol'Tenore. Closely allied to L. pralcnsis and L. sylves- tr'is. From L. Magelldnicus it seems to difter principallv in the shape of the leaflets. Hooker's Everlasting-pea. PI. cl. 8 L. LATiFOLius (Lin. spec. 1083.) plant quite glabrous ; stems winged ; leaves with one pair of elliptic, rather glaucous, 3-5- nerved, obtuse, and mucronate leaflets; stipulas broad, ovate, semi-sagittate ; peduncles many-flowered, longer than the leaves ; legumes long, compressed, reticulated lengthwise. 1/ . H. Na- tive of Europe, in woods. In England, in Madingly, and other woods near Cambridge ; on the rock by Red Neese, near White- haven, Cumberland ; in Severn Stoke Copse, Worcestershire ; and at Hawnes and Bromham, Bedfordshire. Smith, engl. hot. 1108. Mart. fl. rust. t. 8. Garid. prov. t. 108. Mill. fig. 52. Oed. fl. dan. 708. exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers large, rose-coloured. This is a shewy plant for shrubberies, arbours, wilderness quarters, and trellis-work. Bees resort much to it, and the flowers afford them abundance of honey. J'ar. ft, vwnstiosus (D. C. mem. leguni. 1. t. 2.) calyx of 5 sepals ; sepals linear ; petals and stamens abortive ; legumes fo- Jiaceous ; seeds abortive. Broad-leaved ^verlasting-Tpea. Fl. Ju. July. Britain. PI. cl. 9 L. peduncula'ris (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 775.) stems thick, cylindrical, striated, winged, branched ; leaves with one pair of oval, nerved, mucronate leaflets ; stipulas semi-sagittate, lan- ceolate, setaceous at the apex ; peduncles stiff', many-flowered, striated, very long ; bracteoles setaceous. 1/ . H. Native country unknown. Flowers pale rose-coloured. Peduncled Everlasting-pea. PI. cl. 10 L. nervosus (Lam. diet. 2. p. 708.) plant quite smooth ; stems almost simple, striated ; leaves with 1 pair of ovate, acute, nerved leaflets, which are longer than the internodes ; petioles very short ; tendrils trifid ; stipulas sagittate, nerved ; peduncles many-flowered ; legumes long, linear, glabrous. % . G. Native of Monte Video. Flowers purple. Nerved-\ea\eA Everlasting-pea. PI. cl. 11 L. ROTUNDiFOLius (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1088.) plant quite glabrous ; stems winged, branched; leaves with 1 pair of ovate- roundish, 3-5-nerved leaflets ; stipulas semi-sagittate, a little toothed ; peduncles many-flowered, longer than the leaves ; calycine teeth broad and short ; legumes compressed, reticu- lated lengthwise, dotted ; seeds globose, obscurely dotted. % . H. Native of Tauria. Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 156. cent. pi. rar. ross. 1. t. 22. Flowers rose-coloured, very shewy, like those of L. latiJoUus. f ar. ft, ellipticus (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 370.) stem with broader wings ; stipulas larger ; leaflets elliptic ; corolla vermilion-coloured. '2/ . H. Native in woods, on Mount Beschs- tau. Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. 466. 7io»/K/-/tY//t'.'W Everlasting-pea. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1822. PI. cl. 12 L. prate'ksis (Lin. spec. 1033.) plant smoothish ; stems tetragonal ; leaves with 1 pair of oblong-linear or lanceolate, 3-nerved leaflets ; tendrils usually simple ; stipulas sagittate, ovate, shorter than the leaflets ; peduncles many-flowered, twice the length of the leaves ; calyx nerved, with nearly equal teeth, which are about the length of the tube ; legumes compressed, obliquely reticidated ; seeds globose, smooth. If.. H. Native of Europe, in humid meadows. In England, in meadows, pas- tures, and thickets, very common. Curt. lond. fasc. 3. t. 44. Smith, engl. hot. 670. Mart. fl. rust. 52. Oed. fl. dan. 527. Flowers yellow. The plant is called in England Tare ever- lasting, MeadoTV vetchling, or Common yellow vetchling. In old authors it is much reprobated as a vile weed, that spreads much by means of its creeping roots. Many later writers, however, recommend it as an excellent food for cattle, and not without reason, since its quality is good and it bears a large burden of succulent leafy stalks. Among its patrons we may reckon Linnaeus, Haller, Schreber, Curtis, and Young. far. ft, vcluthius (D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 575.) stem and leaves velvety : legumes rather pilose. Native of arid places. Meadow Lathyrus. Fl. June, Aug. Brit. PI. cl. 1 to 2 ft. 13 L. TUBEROsus (Lin. spec. 1033.) stems tetragonal; leaves with 1 pair of oblong-elliptic, rather mucronulate leaflets ; sti- pulas semi-sagittate, narrow, acute, about equal in length to the petioles ; peduncles 3-6-flowered, 2 or 3-times the length of the leaves ; calyxes veinless, with almost equal, broad teeth, which are about equal in length to the tube ; style arched ; legumes compressed, reticulated lengthwise ; seeds roundish, smooth. 2/. H. Nativeof Europe, on the margins of fields. Curt. bot. mag. 111. L. arvensis, Riv. tetr. 42. L. attenua- tus, Viv. fragm. t. 19. ex Poir. suppl. 2. p. 776.? — Lob. icon. 2. p. 70. f. 2. — Moris, hist. sect. 2. t. 2. f 1. Root creeping, puttuig out irregular, brown tubers. Flowers large, rose-co- loured. The plant is cultivated in Holland for its roots, which are eaten there. Gerarde calls it Peas-earth-nut. y^tejOMS-rooted Everlasting-pea. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1596. Pl.cl. LEGUMINOS/E. CLXXII. Lathvbus. 'Mti 14 L. SESsiLiFor.iis (Tenore, fl. neap. prod, append. 5. 1826.) root tuberous and fibrous ; stems ascending, sinii)Ie ; leaves with 1 pair of leaflets, witliout a petiole ; leaflets lanceolate- linear, niucronate ; peduncles usually 3-fio\vered, longer than the leaves; calyx about equal in length to the tube of the co- rolla ; the segments lanceolate and equal ; legumes flat, many- seeded. %. H. Native of Naples, in Lucania, in hedges. L. attenuutus, Tenore, prod, but not of Viv. Plant glabrous. Corolla blue, with the wings longer than the keel. Style flat, dilated in front, and rather villous. It diflers from L. tubcrusus, in the leaflets being sessile and linear-lanceolate. ScssUc-leaJlettcd Lathyrus. PI. ascending. 15 L, RosEus (Stev. in mcni. soc. mosc. i. p. 51. and Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 166.) plant quite smooth ; stem slender, not winged; leaves with 1 pair? of ovate-roundish leaflets ; tendrils very short ; stipulas small, subulate ; peduncles filiform, longer tiian the leaves ; calycine teeth acute, superior ones shortest. 'U ■ H. Native of Iberia. Flowers beautiful rose-coloured, rather smaller than those of L. tuherbsus. Aosc-coloured-flowered Everlasting-pea. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. cl. IG L. CRANDiFLORUs (Sims, hot. mag. 1938.) hairy; stems tetragonal, winged ; leaves with 1 pair of large, ovate, obtuse, waved leaflets ; stipulas small, semi-sagittate, lanceolate ; pe- duncles 2-3-flowered, longer than the leaves ; teeth of calyx acute, longer than the tube ; legumes long, linear, puberulous. %. H. Native of the south of Europe, in hedges and among bushes. In Sicily, about Palermo and on Mount Etna. Pisum biflorum, Rafin. car. di piant. p. 71. Perhaps L. grandijlbrus. Smith, fl. grgec. t. 698. Flowers very large, rose-coloured, with an emarginate vexillum. Grea^;^OM'ered Everlasting-pea. Fl. J\ine, Aug. Clt. 1811. PI. cl. 17 L. pis'iLLUs (Ell sketch, car. geogr. 2. p. 223.) tendrils simple ; leaflets 2, linear-lanceolate ; stipulas falcate ; peduncles 1 -flowered, elongated. Native of Carolina, at Cooper's River. Small Lathyrus. PI. cl. * * Leaves n'lth 2-3-4 or more pairs of Icajlets. 18 L. PisiFOBMis (Lin. spec. 1034. but not of Houtt.) plant smoothish ; leaves with 3-1 pairs of oval leaflets ; stipulas un- equally cordate, hastate, with the angles acute, equal in length to the leaflets ; peduncles many-flowered, rather shorter than the leaves ; the 2 upper segments of the calyx short ; legumes linear-oblong, compressed, rather falcate, acute at the apex on the upper suture. %. H. Native of Europe, Siberia, and throughout North America, in the plains. L. maritimus, Begel. fl. host. ed. 2. p. 262. L. Californicus, Dougl. in bot. reg. 1144. L. venosus. Sweet, fl. gard. 2. ser. t. 37. but not of Wilid. Begel. fl. host. ed. 1. p. 167. but not of ed. 2. Pisum maritimum, Rich, in Frankl. 1. journ. ed. 2. append, p. 28. — Gmel. fl. sib. 4. p. 7. t. 1. Astragalus Chinensis, Buch. cent. 10. dec. 2. t. 5. Flowers purple. We have followed Dr. Hooker, in his recent publication, in adding the numerous synonymes, but we have some reason to believe that he is per- fectlv wrong with regard to some of the species. Pca-/or;nW Lathyrus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1795. PI. cl. 19 L. Califo'rnicus (Dougl. in bot. reg. 1 144.) stems tetra- gonal, glabrous; leaves glaucous, with 4-5 pairs of ovate-oblong, glabrous, mucronulate leaflets ; tendrils 3-parted ; stipulas semi- sagittate, about the size of the leaflets; peduncles many-flow- ered, about equal in length to the leaves ; root creeping. 1/ . H. Native of North California and the north-west coast of America. Flowers purple, elegantly veined, twice the size of those of /''. pisifurmis or V. mulabUts. Legumes oblong, rather falcate, inflated. Cn/(/brn(a» Lathyrus. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1826. PI. cl. 20 L. muta'bilis (Sweet, fl. gard. 194.) stems flexuous, winged : wings ciliately pubescent ; leaves with 3-4 pairs of ovate, obtuse, glaucesccnt leaflets ; stipulas semi-sagittate, ovate, acute, angularly toothed at the base ; peduncles many-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; calycine segments ovate-lanceolate, ciliated, une(|ual, length of tube; legumes convex, narrow, dotted, puliescent. 1/ . H. Native of Siberia. Flowers change- able in colour, at first purplish pink, striped with numerous dark purple branching lines, hut at length changing to a brown- ish green. Very like L. jnsiformis. Changeable-Aov/ered Lathyrus. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1825. PI. cl. 21 L. ocHROLEu"cus (Hook, in fl. bor. amer. p. 159.) i)lant quite glabrous ; leaves with 3-4 pairs of broad, oval, or ovate leaflets ; stipulas toothed, broad, semi-cordate, rather hastate, hardly smaller than the leaves, with the angles sometimes acute, and sometimes obtuse ; peduncles many-flowered, about equal in length to the leaves ; the 2 upper calycine segments short ; legumes in an immature state, linear-elongated, acuminated, com- pressed, quite smooth. 1/ . H. Native of North America, Hudson's Bay, and from the Red River, in lat. 49"^ through the whole woody country to Bear Lake, in lat. 66°. L. pisiformis, Richards, in Frankl. 1st journ. edit. 2d append, p. 28. Flowers cream-coloured. Cream-coloiired-ftowered Lathyrus. PI. cl. 22 L. decapiiy'llus (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 471.) plant glabrous or pubescent ; leaves with 4-6 pairs of elliptic, rarely ovate or oblong leaflets ; stipulas small, semi-sagittate, lanceo- late, with the lobe deflexed and about equal in length to the stipulas ; peduncles many-flowered, about equal in length to the leaves ; calyx pubescent, with the superior teeth very short. 1/. H. Native of North America, on the banks of the Saskat- chawan, abundant in bushy places in north-west America. Hook. bot. mag. 3123. Flowers purple. Ten-leaf elfed Lathyrus. Fl. Jmie. Clt. 1827. PI. cl. 23 L. spEciosus ; plant glabrous ; leaves with 4 pairs of broad, elliptic, niucronate leaflets ; stipulas as large as the leaf- lets ; tendrils simple ; peduncles many-flowered, longer than the leaves ; segments of the calyx ovate-lanceolate, upper ones broadest and shortest, all niucronate. 1/. H. Native of Mexico. Flowers purplish-blue. (v. s. herb. Lamb.) Shewij Lathyrus. PI. cl. 24 L. Japonicls (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1092.) stems acute-an- gular ; leaves with 4 pairs of elliptic, acute leaflets ; stipulas sagittate, stem-clasping, breadth of the leaflets, but shorter ; peduncles many-flowered, i;. H. Native of Japan. L. pisi- formis, Houtt. fl. syst. 8. t. 63. f 1. but not of Lin. Flowers purple, or rose-coloured. Jajian Lathyrus. PI. cl. 25 L. VENOSUS (Midil. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 1092.) stems te- tragonal, not winged ; leaves with many pairs of ovate, obtuse, nearly opposite, mucronulate, glabrous leaflets ; tendrils trifid ; stipulas semi-sagittate, ovate; peduncles many-flowered, shorter than the leaves. 1^ . H. Native of Pennsylvania, and common throughout the great chain of lakes in Upper Canada ; ])lcntitul on the Red River and the river Winepeg. Oxypogon elegans, Rafin. in journ. phys. aug. 1819. p. 98, but the legume is said to be falciform and the ovary stipitate. Said to he like L. phi- fbrmis, but the stipulas are much smaller, and the leaflets are broader, ovate, and the corolla is larger. Flowers purple, veined. Veiny Lathyrus. PI. cl. 26 L. stipula'ceus (Leconte, in cat. pi. new york, p. 92.) plant quite smooth ; stems acutely tetragonal, hardly winged ; leaves with 3 pairs of elliptic, niucronate leaflets ; stipulas ovate, semi-saTittate, acuminated, large ; peduncles 4-6-flowered, rather 334 LEGUMINOSiE. CLXXII. Lathyrus. longer than the leaves ; legumes, when immature, linear, acu- minated, compressed, t;]abrous. If. . H. Native of North America, in meadows about New York, also of Upper Canada and about Lake Huron. Flowers large, purple. Large-stipulcd LMhyrus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 181G. PI. cl. 27 L. MYRTiFOLius (Mulil. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 1091.) stem weak, flexuous, tetragonal, not winged ; leaves with 2-3 pairs of oblong-lanceolate, bluntish, stiffish, glabrous, mucronate leaf- lets, which are striated with veins ; tendrils trifid ; stipulas semi- sagittate, lanceolate, acuminated, with scabrous margins ; pe- duncles 3-1-flowered, longer than the leaves. 1^. H. Native of North America, in Pennsylvania and the state of New York, and on the banks of the Niagara to Queenstown. This species has the habit of L. pnli'istris, but differs in the caiycine teeth being broad at the base, with the upper ones short. Flowers red. Myrlle-lcand Lathyrus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. cl. 2S L. poLYMORPHUs (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 97.) stem tetra- gonal, not winged ; leaves with many pairs of oblong or some- what linear, obtuse, mucronate leaflets ; stipulas semi-sagittate, lanceolate ; peduncles many-flowered, longer than the leaves. 1/. H. Native on the grassy plains of the Missouri. Vicia stipulacea, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. p. 471. Allied to L. jmlustrls. Flowers purple, streaked with deeper veins. Polymorphous Jjaihyrxxs. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI. cl. 29 L. Macr.e'i (Hook, in Beech, voy. p. 21.) plant rather pilose ; stems angular ; leaves with 6 pairs of elliptic, retuse, feather-nerved leaflets, which are reticulately veined, white be- neath, also full of pellucid dots; stipulas small, semi-sagittate, entire ; peduncles many-flowered, longer than the leaves ; lower segments of calyx very long and subulate, upper ones very short ; style linear, pilose at the apex on all sides, but more conspicuous on the upper side. l/.H. Native of Chili, about Valparaiso and Conception. Mac Raes Lathyrus. PI. cl. 30 L. PALu'sTRis (Lin. spec. 1034.) plant quite glabrous ; stems winged, erectish : leaves with 2-3 pairs of oblong, mucro- nulate leaflets; petioles subulate; tendrils bifid or trifid; sti- pulas semi-sagittate, acute, small ; peduncles 3-5-flowered, hardly longer than the leaves ; caiycine segments unequal, nearly linear, length of tube; legumes compressed. 11. H. Native of the north of Europe, in meadows and marshes ; plentiful in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 169. Oed. fl. dan. t. 399. Mart. fl. rust. t. 8. Garid. prov. t. 108. L. Narbon^nsis, Riv. tetr. t. 40. Flowers variegated with blue and purple. Vat: ft, linearifdiius (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 371.) leaflets and stipulas very narrow. Native of Denmark antl Switzerland. Far. y, siibcxstqmledus (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 371.) leaves with 2 pairs of linear-oblong leaflets ; stipulas small, se- taceous. L. palustris, Nestl. ex herb. D. C. Marsh Lathyrus. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. cl. 31 L. iiETEROPiiYLLUs (Lin. spec. 1034.) stem erect, rigid, winged ; leaves with 1 or 2 pairs of lanceolate, mucronulate leaflets ; petioles winged at the base ; tendrils branched ; stipulas lanceolate, semi-sagittate; peduncles 6-8-flowered ; legumes compressed, glabrous. If. . H. Native of Europe, at the bottom of mountains. — J. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 304. f. 1. Flowers lari^e, with the standard and wings flesh-coloured and the keel whitish. By the leaves, the wings of the stem, and the size of the flowers, it appears to be intermediate between L. lalifulitis and L. sylvcslris. Variovs-lcavcd Lathyrus. Fl. Julv, Sept. Clt. 1731. Pl.cl. ■ ^ 32 L. viciyEFORMis (Wallr. schred. erit. p. 388.) stems simple, and are as well as the petioles winged ; leaves w itii 6 pairs of linear-lanceolate, acuminated, mucronate leaflets ; stipulas semi- sagittate, lanceolate; peduncles many-flowered, longer than the leaves. % . H. Native of Germany, in bushy places. Flowers violaceous, about the size of those of O'robtis vernus. If tch-J'ormed Lathyrus. PI. cl. ^ 2. Annual plants, having the peduncles bearing from 1 -3 Jloners. * Petioles leajlcss. 33 L. A'pHACA (Lin. spec. 1029.) stems erect ; tendrils cy- lindrical, filiform, leafless (rarely with 2 leaflets) ; stipulas ovate, sagittate, large ; peduncles 1 -flowered (rarely 2-flowered), arti- culated at the apex, furnished with a pair of small, narrow brac- teas ; caiycine segments twice the length of the tube ; legumes much compressed, broad, few-seeded ; seeds compressed. 0. H. Native of Europe, in cultivated fields. In Britain, on the bor- ders of sandy or gravelly fields, but rare ; in Cambridgeshire and Oxfordshire ; about Tottenham and Enfield ; in a gravel- pit between Norwich and Brooke ; and near Forncct, Norfolk. Smith, engl. bot. 1167. Curt. fl. lond. 5. t. 51.— Mill. fig. t. 43. Flowers small, yellow, with a paler keel. A smooth, glau- cous herb. Yellow-vetchling Fl. June, July. Brit. PI. cl. 1 foot. 34 L. NissoLiA (Lin. spec. 1029.) stem erect; petioles di- lated, foliaceous, grass-like, 3-5-nerved ; stipulas small, subu- late, usually wanting ; flowers solitary, on long peduncles ; peduncles articulated at the apex, and downy on the upper part, where they bear 2 little awl-shaped bracteas ; legumes com- pressed, narrow, nerved, reflexed. ©. H. Native of Europe, in corn-fields. In Britain, in bushy places and grassy borders of fields. Smith, engl. bot. 112. — Magn. hort. t. 112. Curt, lond. fasc. 6. t. 51. Buxb. cent. 3. p. 84. t. 45. f. 1. — Moris, hist. sect. 2, t. 3. f. 7. Flowers beautifid crimson, variegated with purple and white. The plant, when young, very much re- sembles a grass. A^issol's Lathyrus or Crimson Grass-vetch. Fl, May, June. Britain. PI, i to 1 foot. * * Leaves nith 1 ^j«(V of leaflets. S5 L. subula'tus (Lam. diet. 2. p. 707.) plant pilose ; stems tufted, filiform, tetragonal ; leaves on short petioles ; tendrils very short ; leaflets linear, acute ; stipulas linear, semi-sagittate, nearly the length of the leaflets ; peduncles 1-3-flowered; caiy- cine segments narrow, acute, nearly equal, length of tube. 0. H. Native of Monte Video. Flowers purple, like those of L. to- mentbsus, but much smaller. SuhulateAea&ettaA Lathyrus. PI. 1 foot. 36 L. iNCONSPi'cuus (Lin. spec. 1030.) stems obsoletely tri- quetrous ; leaflets lanceolate, striated beneath, acuminated ; stipidas semi-sagittate, lanceolate ; tendrils on the lower leaves almost wanting, on the upper ones filiform and elongated ; pe- duncles very short, 1-flowered. 0. H. Native of the Levant. - Jacq. hort. vind. 1. t. 86. Corolla small, red, very little longer than the calyx. Legumes glabrous, straight, about the length of the leaflets, but broader. Var. ft, obloHgus (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 372.) leaflets broad, elliptic ; legumes finely reticulated, puberulous. 0. H. /yiconijjicuous-flowered Lathyrus. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1739. PI. I to 1 foot. 37 L. sph;e'ricus (Retz. obs. 3. p. 39.) plant smoothish ; stems erect, tetragonal, subulate at the apex ; leaflets ensiform, mucronate, nerved ; stipulas semi-sagittate, linear, length of peduncles and petioles; peduncles 1-flowered, thickish ; caiy- cine teeth narrow, longer than the tube ; legumes somewhat torulose, nerved lengthwise ; the nerves numerous and thick ; seeds spherical. 0. H. Native of the south of Europe, in cultivated fields. D. C. icon. rar. 1. p. 10. t. 32. L. coccfneus. All. pedem. no. 1222. L. axillaris, Lam. diet. 2. p. 706. LEGUMINOS^. CLXXII. Lathyrls. 3.35 Flowers beautiful crimson, about the size of those of i. Nis- iolia. far. /i, pilostis (D. C. prod. 2. p. S72.) stems hairy ; leaflets ciliated. ©. H. Native of 'I'auria. L. angulatus, Stev. in litt. .Rownrf-seeded Lathyrus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1801. PI. 1 ft. 38 L. micba'kthus (Gerard, in Lois. not. 106.) stems tetra- gonal ; tendrils simple, very sliort ; leaflets linear-lanceolate ; peduncles very short, 1-flowered ? ; stipulas ? ; calycine segments about equal in length to the corolla ; legumes almost sessile, straight, spreading, cylindrical, rather villous. 0. H. Native of Provence, in corn-fields. Flowers purplish. Perhaps only a variety of L. incoiispicitus. Siimll-Jiuwered Lalhyrus. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1816. PI. | to 1 ft. 39 L. angula'tis (Lin. spec. 1031.) plant glabrous ; stems erect, tetragonal ; leaflets linear, acuminated ; tendrils trifid ; stipulas semi-sagittate, linear, acute, hardly longer than the petiole ; peduncles filiform, 1 -flowered, hardly equal in length to the leaves, somewhat cirrhiferous ; bracteas ovate, very short ; calycine teeth acute, length of tube ; legumes narrow, com- j)ressed, veinless ; seeds angular. Q. H. Native of the south of Europe, in cultivated fields. — Buxb. cent. 3. p. 23. t. 42. f. 2. Flowers small, red, or purple. ^ngu/ar-seeded Latliyrus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1683. PI. I to 1 foot. 40 L. longipeduncul.Otus (Ledeb. hort. dorp, suppl. 1824. p. 5.) leaflets linear; tendrils trifid; peduncles 1-Howered, awned, exceeding the leaves; legumes cylindiical, nerveless; seeds angular. ©. H. Native country unknown. Perhaps A. angulatus, Roth. cat. 3. p. 68. Flowers red. Long-feduncled Lathyrus. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 ft. 41 L. leptopuy'llus (Bieb. fl. taur. 2, p. 155. suppl. p. 465.) stems erect ; leaflets linear-lanceolate ; tendrils branched ; sti- pulas narrow, subulate, semi-sagittate; peduncles short, 1- flowered ; calycine teeth lanceolate ; legumes lanceolate, gla- brous ; seeds globose, tubercled. 0. H. Native of eastern Caucasus. Flowers purple but with the keel white. Slender-leaved haihyrws. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 ft. 42 L. SETiFOLius (Lin. spec. 1031.) plant glabrous ; stems erect, tetragonal ; leaflets linear, very narrow ; stipulas very narrow, semi-sagittate, length of petiole ; tendrils trifid ; pe- duncles 1 -flowered, filiform, shorter than the leaves, jointed at the apex, furnished each with a small bractea ; calycine teelh acute, length of tube ; tendrils trifid ; legumes ovate-oblong, short, reticulated ; seeds globose, warted, purple. 0. H. Na- tive of the south of Europe ; Italy, and France. L. prostratus, Brign. pi. foro-juliens. 1. p. 2S. ? — J. Baidi. hist. 2. p. 308. with a figme. Flowers small, rose-coloured, or scarlet. ZJWs7/ea or Sweet-scented Lathyrus. Fl. July. Aut^. Clt 1700. Pl.cl. 50 L. TingitVnus (Lin. spec. 1032.) plant quite smooth; stems winged; leaflets ovate, obtuse, mucronulate; stipulas ovate, semi-sagittate, much shorter than the petioles ; peduncles 2-flowcrcd, longer than the leaves ; calycine teeth nearly equal, shorter than the tube ; legumes oblong-linear, much reticulated, compressed, tomentose, with the sutures thick ; seeds hardly angular, variegated with black and brown. © . H. Native of the north of Africa, at Tangiers. Curt. bot. mag. t. 100. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 46. Flowers with a large purple vexillum, and with the wings and keel bright red. This species of Z-({/%n(s is usually sown in gardens witli other annuals, but the flowers have not the agreeable scent or variety of colours of the sweet- pea. Tangier Vea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1680. Pl.cl. 51 L. Bru'tius (Tenore, ex Spreng. syst. append.) leaflets 2, elliptic-oblong ; stipulas semi-sagittate, setaceous ; stem angular, smooth ; legumes glabrous. ©. H. Native of Calabria. Brutian Lathyrus. PI. cl. * * * Leaves with 2 or 3 pairs of leaflets. 52 L. cLYMENOiDEs (D. C. prod. 2. p. 374.) plant smoothish ; stems winged; leaves with 2 pairs of linear-lanceolate mucro- nate leaflets ; stipulas semi-sagittate, lanceolate, much shorter than the petioles ; peduncles 1-flowered, filiform, shorter than the leaves ; calycine segments lanceolate, twice the length of the tube; legumes lanceolate. ©. H. Native of the Mauritius. Flowers purple. Clymenum-Uke Lathyrus. PI. cl. 53 L. ciRRiiosus (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 374.) plant quite smooth ; stems tetragonal, winged ; petioles winged, bear- ing 5 or 6 leaflets ; tendrils much branched ; leaflets alternate, elliptic, mucronulate, reticulately veined ; stipulas semi-sagit- tate, linear, acute ; peduncles many-flowered, longer than the leaves ; calycine segments unequal, narrow, shorter than the tube; legumes oblong, finely reticulated ; style arched. ©.H. Native of the Pyrenees, about Olette. Tendrillcd Lathyrus. PI. cl. 54 L. tu'rgidus (Lam. diet. 2. p. 706.) plant pilose ; stems tetragonal; lower leaves with one pair of ovate-oblong mucro- nate leaflets, upper ones with 2 pairs of linear-lanceolate leaflets ; stipulas semi-sagittate, toothed ; peduncles short or elongated, 1-2-flowered ; calycine segments linear, length of tube or longer ; style bearded ; legumes oblong, compressed, villous, reticulated, tiugid ; seeds roundish. 0. H. Native of the Levant, and the south of France. L. tiimidus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1082. Flowers with a purple vexillum, and white wings. 7H;g«i-poddcd Lathyrus. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1817. Pl.cl. 55 L. purpu^reus (Presl. del. prag. p. 39. Giiss. pi. rar. 297.) leaves with 2 pairs of linear leaflets ; stipulas semi-sagit- tate ; peduncles 1-flowered, bracteate, articulated beyond the middle, longer than the stipulas ; legumes lanceolate. ©. H. Native of Calabria, in corn-fields. Flowers pitrplish. P«;'^j/e-flowered Lathyrus. Fl. May. PI. cl. 56 L. cilia'tus (Guss. pi. rar. p. 296.) leaves with 2, rarely with 3, pairs of leaflets ; leaflets cimeiform-obovate, retuse, mucronate, ciliated, superior ones linear, elongated, acute ; pe- tioles ending in a bristle ; peduncles 1-flowered, articulated beyond the middle, shorter than the petioles ; legumes linear, compressed, 4-5-seeded ; seeds small, globose, smooth. ©.H. Native of Calabria, on hills. Corolla small, with a greenish vexillum marked with purple veins ; the keel and wings greenish- yellow. Ciliated ■\e:i\e<\ Lathyrus. Fl. May. PI. dec. or cl. Sect. H. Cly'menum (the Latin name for Water Betony, or from Kkv^tvoQ, chjmcnos, clear). D. C. prod. 2. p. .375. Vex- illum furnished with a conical gibbosity on each side at the base. Lower petioles leafless, upper ones bearing 2-6, usually alternate leaflets. Petioles usually winged. 57 L. DiFFu'sus ; plant glabrous; stems furrowed; leaves with numerous alternate leaflets, which are lanceolate or elliptic- lanceolate, retuse, and mucronate ; stipulas small, semi-sagit- tate, bidentate on one side ; racemes shorter than the leaves ; flowers secund ; calycine segments short and broad, lower one elongated; calyx pubescent. "2/. H. Native of North Ame- rica, on the Missouri. O'robus diffiisus, Nutt. in Eraser, cat. Flowers large, bluish-purple. Diffuse l-atliyrus. PI. cl. 58 L. incu'rvus (Roth. abh. 13. t. 4.) stems tetragonal, su- bulate ; leaflets elliptic-lanceolate, mucronulate, glabrous, rugged from dots; stipulas semi- sagittate ; peduncles many-flowered, longer than the leaves ; calycine teeth unequal, much shorter LEGUMINOSiE. CLXXII. Latuvrus. CLXXIII. Ociirus. CLXXIV. Orobus. 337 than the tube; legumes curved. IJ. H. Native of Siberia. Willil. spec. y. p. 1091. — Huxb. cent. 4. p. 27. t. tO. This plant is said to have the habit of and flowers of O'robiis tubcrbsus. Two of the angles of the stem are more winged than the other two, but all ciliated. /rifHrttrf-podded L.ithyrus. Fi. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1808. PI. cl. 59 L. ala'tus (Tenore, prod. ■t2. but not of Smith,) stems tetragonal, winged ; leaflets (i-8, oblong-lanceolato, niueronidate, alternate ; petioles winged ; stipulas lanceolate, unequal, some- what sagittate ; peduncles 2-3-flowered, longer than the leaves ; calycine teeth unequal, shorter than the tube ; legumes com- pressed, flat, many-seeded. ©. H. Native of Italy. Flowers large, purple. This plant comes very near L. Clijmenum. /ri«ge(/-stemmed Lathyrus. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. cl. 00 L. Clv'menum (Lin. spec. 1032.) stem tetragonal, winged; lower petioles dilated, leafless, linear-lanceolate, upper ones bearing 5-C linear leaflets ; stipulas semi-sagittate, linear ; pe- dvuicles l-6-flowered, about e(iual in length to the leaves ; caly- cine teeth unequal, longer than the tube ; legumes oblong, com- pressed, finely reticulated, with the seminiferous suture tumid ; seeds compressed, variegated. 0. H. Native of the south of Europe. Cly'menum uncinatum, Moench. meth. 150. Flowers blue. There is also a variety having the vexillum red and the wings blue. C/ear Vetchling. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1713. PI. cl. Cl L. ARTicuLA"Tus(Lin. spec. 1031.) stem tetragonal, winged; lower petioles leafless, linear, acuminated, upper ones bearing 5-C linear leaflets ; stipulas lanceolate, semi-sagittate ; peduncles 1 -3-flowered, about equal in length to the leaves ; calycine teeth nearly equal, shorter than the tube ; legumes rather turgid, finely reticulated and nodose at the seeds, having the semini- ferous suture tumid ; seeds compressed, dark purple, rather velvety. Q. H. Native of the south of Europe. Ga;rtn. fruct. 2. p. 331. t. 152. f. 2. Curt. hot. mag. 253. Tourn. inst. t. 218. Mill. fig. t. 96. Clymenum bicolor, Mcench. meth. 150. — Riv. tetr. irr. t. 48. Corolla with a bright red standard, and white wings and keel. ^;<(CM/«, oro, to excite, and /3ot;c, bous, an ox ; the present genus, however, has nothing to do with the plant of Theophrastus and Dioscorides, which whatever it was, was used Xx 338 LEGUMINOS^. CLXXIV. Orobus. for fattening oxen). Tourn. inst. t. 214. Lin. gen. no. 871. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 586. D. C. prod. 2. p. 37G. LiN. SYST. Dmdetph'ta, Decdndria. Calyx campannlate, 5- cleft, the 2 superior lobes shortest. Corolla papilionaceous. Stamens diadelphous. Style slender, linear, villous at the apex. Legume cylindrical, oblong, 1-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded. Seeds with a linear hylum. — Erect herbs, with semi-sagittate stipulas. Petioles ending in a short simple bristle. Leaves abruptly pinnate, with few pairs of leaflets. Racemes of flowers axillary, pedunculate. \ 1. Leaves with only one pair of leaflets, which are either ovate, lanceolate, or linear. 1 O. LAXiFLOKUS (Desf. cor. p. 83. t. 62. ann. mus. par. 12. p. 57. t. 8.) plant villous ; leaflets ovate, acute, with parallel nerves ; stipulas unequally ovate-sagittate, rather larger than the leaflets ; racemes axillary, few-flowered ; calycine segments nearly equal, setaceously-subulate, much longer than the tube, but much shorter than the corolla ; legumes compressed, villous, many-seeded. If.. H. Native of Candia. Flowers violaceous. Zoo«c-/oKererf Bitter- Vetch. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 ft. 2 O. IHHSU Tus (Lin. spec. 1027.) plant hairy ; leaflets ovate, acute, with parallel nerves ; stipulas vmequally sagittate, lan- ceolate, about the size of the leaflets ; racemes axillary, few- flowered, longer than the leaves ; calycine segments nearly equal, setaceously-subulate, much longer than the tube, but much shorter than the corolla ; legume compressed, hairy. 1/ . H. Native of Thrace. Sims, bot. mag. 2345. Buxb. cent. 3. p. 22. t. 41. Flowers red or purple. Var. ft, glabriusculus (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 376.) stems, leaves, and peduncles quite smooth ; calyx pilose. 1/ . H. Native of Tauria. //air?/ Bitter- Vetch. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822. PI. 1 ft. 3 O. FORMOsus (Stev. mem. soc. mosq. 4. p. 50. Lin. soc. trans. 11. p. 413. t. 36.) plant quite smooth ; leaflets ovate, mu- cronulate ; stipulas small, semi-sagittate, acute, denticulated, witii diverging nerves ; peduncles axillary, usually 2-flo\vered, longer than the leaves ; calycine segments lanceolate, length of tube, but much shorter than the corolla ; legumes lanceolate, glabrous. "H.. H. Native of the alps of Caucasus. Corollas beautiful purple, about the size of those of O. vermis. Var. ft, microphijllus (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 377.) leaflets roundish, much smaller ; stipulas hardly toothed. 1/ . H. /?eaH(;/M/ Bitter-Vetch. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1818. PI. | ft. 4 O. LATiiYRoiDEs(Lin. spec. 1027.) plant smoothish ; leaflets ovate, mucronate, with divaricate nerves ; stipulas semi-sagit- tate, a little toothed, smaller than the leaflets ; peduncles many- flowered, axillary, about equal in length to the leaves ; calycine teeth shorter than the tube ; legumes compressed, glabrous, 2-3- sceded. ")/ . H. Native of Siberia. — Amm. ruth. 151. t. 7. f. 2. Stems branched a little. Flowers crowded, of a beautiful blue colour, usually 3 or 4 racemes standing together. An elegant plant, with broad, shining leaflets and black roots. Lathyrus-like Bhter-Yetch. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1758. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 5 O. SEssiLiFLORUs (Smith, in Rees' cycl. vol. 25.) root creep- ing, branched ; stems weak, undivided, angular, but not winged ; leaflets narrow, almost linear, nearly sessile ; stipulas very narrow, semi-sagittate, entire ; racemes few-flowered. 1/. . H. Native country unknown. Flowers purple. Sessile-Jloiicred Bitter- Vetch. PI. 4 to 1 foot. 6 O. FisciUi'Ri (Sweet, fl. gard. t. 289.) stem tetragonal, almost simple, smoothish ; leaflets linear, bluntish, mucronulate, nerved Icnglhwise, rather silky beneath ; stipulas linear, acute, a little toothed, with one auricle at the base ; racemes pedunculate, many-flowered ; flowers secund ; legumes reticulately veined, 6-7-seeded. 1/. H. Native of Siberia. O. atropurpureus, Fisch. in litt. but not of Desf. Flowers large, beautiful purple. Fischer's Bitter- Vetch. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1827. PI. 1 ft. 7 O. quadra'nguius (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 258.) stem simple, quadrangular ; leaves with 1 pair of linear, glabrous leaflets ; stipulas semi-sagittate, setaceous ; peduncles many- flowered ; flowers secund. 1^. H. Native of Sicily. Qttadrangular-stemmed Bitter- Vetch. PI. 1 foot. § 2. Leaves with many pairs of hroadish leaflets. Stipulas much smaller than the leaflets. 8 O. ve'rnus (Lin. spec. 1028.) plant rather pubescent ; stems simple, flexuous ; leaves with 2-3 pairs of ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, shining leaflets, with rather parallel nerves ; sti- pulas semi-sagittate, entire ; peduncles axillary, many-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; flowers secund, nodding ; calycine seg- ments broad, hardly the length of the tube, lower one longest ; legumes rather compressed, obliquely and reticulately veined, many-seeded ; style jointed ; seeds roundish, smooth. 1/ . H. Native of Europe, in groves, in many parts, particularly in the south. Sturm, deutsthl. fl. 7. with a figure. Curt. bot. mag. 521. Riv. tetr. irr. t. 58. Schmidel, t. 59. f. 79. Flowers handsome, singular in the different shades of colour, the upper part of the vexillum is purple, with blood-red veins ; the wings blue, and the keel is blue tinged with green ; the colours change as the corolla advances, and becomes blue. The roots are black. Jar. ft, luscifulius (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 377.) leaflets stiff, elongated, taper-pointed. O. ruscifolius, Willd. in herb. Desf. ex Poir. suppl. 4. p. 203. Var. y,fldccidus (Ser. mss. in D. C. 1. c.) leaflets very narrow and flaccid. !(.. H. Native of Croatia and Switzerland. ,V"'g- Bitter- Vetch. Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1629. PI. | to 1 ft. 9 O. VENosus (Willd. herb, ex Link. enum. 236.) stem sim- ple ; leaves with 2 pairs of lanceolate, taper-pointed leaflets, with divaricate veins ; stipulas semi-sagittate ; racemes few- flowered, i; . H. Native of Siberia. — Gmel. fl. sib. t. 5. f. 1. Flowers blue and veined with purple. rer«y-flowered Bitter- Vetch. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 ft. 10 O. alpe'stris (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 133. t. 126.) plant glabrous ; stems angular, simple ; leaves with 2-3 pairs of oblong-lanceolate, acuminated leaflets, with somewhat parallel nerves ; stipulas semi-sagittate, entire, or toothed ; peduncles axillary, many- flowered, about equal in lengtli to or a little longer than the leaves ; flowers secund, nodding ; calycine segments broad, hardly the length of the tube ; legumes rather compres- sed ; style hooked; seeds roundish, brown. i;.ll. Native of Hungary. Flowers purple, having the vexillum veined with crimson, fading to blue. y//^; Bitter- Vetch. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 11 O. MULTiFLORHS (Sieb. in fl. 1821. p. 97.) stem almost simple ; leaves with 3-4 pairs of ovate, acuminated leaflets ; stipulas semi-sagittate ; peduncles elongated, incurved, many- flowered. 11 . H. Native of Italy, near Naples. Flowers pale red, about the size of those of O. niger. Many-fo7veredBitter-\etch. Fl.My.Jid. Clt.1820. Pl.lto2ft. 12 O. variega'tus (Tenore, prod, suppl. 1. p. 62. and cat. 1819. p. 57. fl. neap. t. 68. but not of Lapeyr.) plant pilose; stems simple, flexuous ; leaves with 2-3 pairs of lanceolate, acuminated leaflets, with parallel nerves ; stipulas ovate, semi- sagittate, quite entire, acute, much smaller than the leaflets ; calycine segments narrow, acute, length of tube ; legumes com- pressed, nerveless, dotted ; style straight. i;.H. Native near Naples, in woods. Coliimn. phytob. p. 59. with a figure. O. serotinus, Presl. according to Gussone in litt. Flowers purple and variegated. FaWcgaied-flowered Bitter-Vetch. Fl Ju.Jul. Clt. 1821. PI. 1ft. 13 O. vicioIdes (D. C. prod. 2. p. 377.) plant smoothish; stems simple, flexuous ; leaves with 2-3 pairs of ovate-lanceolate, LEGUMlNOSiE. CLXXIV. Orobus. 339 acuminated leaflets, with diverfjing nerves ; stipulas ovate-lan- ceolate, small ; peduncles few-Howered, axillary, shorter than the leaves ; calycine segments narrow, acute, deflexed, length of tube ; legumes compressed, almost nerveless ; style flexuous, bearded at the apex; seeds globose. 1/. H. Native of the alps of Croatia and Carniola. Vicia oroboides, Widf. in Jacq. coll. 4. p. a:33. Waldst. ct Kit. hung. 3. p. 2G9. t. 2i-2. O. Cliisii, Spreng. svst. 3. p. 259. Flowers yellow. rir/a-ZfAc Bitter-Vetcii. Fl. June, July. CIt. 1819. PI. 2 ft. 14 O. lu'teus (Lin. spec. 1028.) plant smoothish ; stems sim- ple, angular ; leaves with 3-5 pairs of elliptic-lanceolate, raucro- nulate leaflets, which are glaucous beneath ; stii)uias roundish, semi-sagittate, toothed at the base, much smaller than the leaflets ; peduncles elongated, many-flowered, about equal in length to the leaves ; calyx smoothish, with short unequal teeth ; legumes compressed, longitudinally and reticulately veined, sessile ; seeds globose, variegated. '1(..H. Native of the alps of Switzerland, France, Italy, and Siberia. Lodd. hot. cab. 783. Sweet, fl. gard. 2. series t. 115. Mill. fig. t. 193. f. 1. O. Gmelini, Fisch. in litt. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 13. no. 17. t. 4. Flowers from orange to pale yellow. l'c//o«- flowered Bitter- Vetch. Fl. June, July. Cit. 1759. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 15 O. TouRNEFORTii (Lapeyr. mem. mus. 2. p. 298. t. 10.) plant glabrous ; stem quadrangular, simple ; leaves with usually 4 pairs of alternate, elliptic, lanceolate, parallel-nerved leaflets, which are glaucous beneath ; stipulas large, roundish, semi- sagittate, stem -clasping, undulated ; peduncles many-flowered, rather longer than the leaves ; calycine segments linear, the two superior ones very short ; legumes linear, flat. %. H. Native of the PjTenees. Flowers purple ; the wings and keel having a white base. Tournefort's Bitter-Xetch. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1821. PI.lto2ft. 16 O. l.eviga'tus (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 3. p. 270. t. 243.) plant quite smooth ; stem simple ; leaves with 3-4 pairs of ovate, mucronate leaflets ; stipulas semi-sagittate, toothed at the base, much smaller than the leaflets ; peduncles elongated, many- flowered, inclined, shorter than the leaves ; calyx with short teeth ; legumes erect, compressed, flat, smooth ; style jointed. 11 ■ H. Native of Hungary. Flowers pale yellow. Very like O. luteus. Smooth Bitter-Vetch. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. 1^ ft. 17 O. Transylva'nicus (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 260.) stem vil- lous ; leaves with usually 4 pairs of oblong, obtuse, mucronate rather ciliated leaflets ; stipulas broad, semi-sagittate, quite entire ; peduncles axillary, few-flowered ; superior teeth of calyx very short. 1/. H. Native of Transylvania. O. lasvigatus, Baunig. but not of Waldst e.x Kit. Transylvanian Bitter- Vetch. PI. 1 foot. 18 O. aura'ntius (Stev. in Bicb. fl. taur. suppl. 462.) plant pilose ; stems simple, angular ; leaves with 5-G pairs of lan- ceolate, bluntish leaflets, with diverging nerves ; peduncles elon- gated, shorter than the leaves ; calyx pilose, with unequal teeth, 4 very short and 1 very long ; legumes pedicellate. Ij.. H. Native of western Iberia. Corolladeep yellow. Very like O. luleus. OraHge-coloured-flowered Bitter-Vetch. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1818. PI. li foot. 19 O. cRocEus (Desf. cor. p. 85. t. fi.S. ann. mus. 12. p. 59. t. 9.) plant pilose ; stem simple, angular ; leaves with 3 jiairs of leaflets, floral ones deflexed ; leaflets ovate, obtuse ; stipulas unequal, ovate ; peduncles many-flowered, about equal in length to the leaves ; calycine teeth nearly eqtial ; length of tube ; style jointed. %. H. Native of C.appadocia. "Flowers cop- per-coloured, about the size of those of O. luteus. Co/yer-coloured-flowered Bitter-Vetch. PI. 2 foot. 20 O. silta'ticus (Lin. anaoen. 4. p. 284. spec. 1029.) stems branched, decumbent, hairy as well as the leaves ; leaves with many pairs of small, ovate-oblong, acute, or elliptic mucronate leaflets ; stipulas semi-sagittate, single- toothed; peduncles many- flowered, about equal in length to tiie leaves; calycine teeth unequal, short ; legumes ovate-oblong, glabrous, pedicellate ; style jointed. 1/. H. Native of several parts of Europe. In Britain, in mountainous woods and thickets, at Gamblesby, Cumberland, about G miles from Penrith, on the way to New- castle; plentiful in several parts of Wales and the lowlands of Scotland; also of Ireland. Smith, engl. hot. 518. Lightf. fl. scot. t. 16. Petioles ending in tufts of hairs. Three lower teeth of calyx fringed. Flowers crowded, cream-coloured, streaked and tipped with purple on the outside, white and veined within. Jf'ood Bitter- Vetch. Fl. May, July. Britain. PI. proc. 21 O. ociiROLEu'cus (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 123. t. I 18.) stems branched, rather ascendent, villous ; leaves hairy, usually with about 10 pairs of ovate-lanceolate, obtuse leaflets ; sti- pulas ovate, upper ones linear; peduncles many-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; teeth of calyx unequal, short ; legumes com- pressed, sessile; style jointed; seeds globose, brown. T^. II. Native of Hungary. Flowers cream-coloured. Cream-coloured-fiowered Bitter- Vetch. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1816. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 22 O. NIGER (Lin. spec. 1028.) plant smoothish ; stem branched, angular, flexuous ; leaves with 3-G pairs of elliptic, mucronulate leaflets, with parallel nerves ; stipulas linear-lan- ceolate, acute ; peduncles many-flowered, longer than the leaves ; calycine teeth unequal, shorter than the tube ; legumes com- pressed, obsoletely and reticulately veined ; style jointed ; seeds globose. %. H. Native of many parts of Europe in sub-alpine places. In Scotland in the den of Airly, Forfarshire, and on Craiganain near Moy-house, Inverness-shire. Oed. fl. dan. t. 1170. Sims, hot. mag. 2261. — Riv. tetr. irr. t. 60. Flowers purple, easily changing colour. Herb turning black on drying. Black Bitter- Vetch. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. 2 feet. 23 O. Jorda'ni (Tenore, fl. neap. prod, append. 5.) root tuberously fasciculate ; leaves with 3-4 pairs of oblong-lanceo- late, cuspidate leaflets ; stipulas semi-sagittate, subulate ; pe- duncles 4-6-flowered, twice the length of the leaves ; style jointed. 1/ . H. Native of Lucania, in humid meadows. Flowers blue. Jordan's Bitter-Vetch. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1830. PI. pr. 24 O. nu MiLis (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 378.) plant quite smooth ; stem simple, striated ; leaves with 3 pairs of ovate, mucronulate leaflets, with diverging nerves ; stipulas semi-hastate ; peduncles few-flowered, about equal in length to the leaves ; calycine teeth unequal, shorter than the tube. IJ • H. Native of Dahuria. Lathyrus hilmilis, Fisch. in litt. //«)»6/c Bitter- Vetch. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 18 25. PI. i ft. 25 O. TUBEROsus (Lin. spec. 10^8.) plant quite smooth; stem winged, erect, or prostrate, tuberculate at the base ; leaves with 2-3 pairs of elliptic-lanceolate, mucronulate, dotted leaflets, with rather parallel nerves ; stipulas semi-sagittate, jagged at the base ; peduncles few-flowered, hardly exceeding the leaves ; calycine teeth unequal, ovate, blimtish, shorter than the tube ; legumes terete, obsoletely and reticulately veined ; style jointed, seeds globose. 11 . H. Native of almost every part of Europe, in woods and among bushes ; plentiful in Britain. .Sturm, deutschl. fl. fasc. 21. Oed. fl. dan. 781. Smith, engl. bot. 1153. — Riv. tetr. irr. t. 59. Roots creeping, swelling into tubers at irregular intervals. Calyx purple. Corolla elegant, variegated and veined witli purple crimson, and shades of blue and flesh-colour, changing to blue as it fades. The highlanders of .Scotland have a great esteem for the tubercles of the roots ; they dry and chew them to give a better relish to their whisky ; XX 2 340 LEGUMINOS^. CLXXIV. Orobus. they also affirm tliat they are good against most diseases of the thorax, and that by the use of them, they are enabled to repel himger and thirst for a long time. In Breadalbane and Rosshire, they sometimes bruise and steep them in water, and make an agreeable fermented liquor with them. They have a sweet taste, something like the roots of liquorice, and when boiled are well flavoured and nutritive, and in times of scarcity have served as a substitute for bread. Boiled well a fork will pass through the tubers, and dried slightly and roasted they are served up in Holland and Flanders in the manner of chestnuts. The plant is called Wood-pea or Heath-pea in England, and Knap- perts in the lowlands of Scotland. In Gaelic it is called Cor-meille. Tuberous-rooiedi Bitter- Vetch. Fl. May, Jidy. Britain. PI. ■| to 1 foot. 26 O. TENUiFOLius (Rotli. fl. gemi. 1. p. 305.) plant quite smooth ; leaves with 2-3 pairs of very narrow, linear leaflets ; stem winged, erect ; stipulas narrow, semi-sagittate, ciliated, bi- dentate behind ; peduncles few-flowered, hardly longer than the leaves ; calycine teeth unequal ; legumes terete ; roots swelling in tubers at intervals. %. . H. Native of most parts of Europe, in woods, along with R. tuberosus. O. tuberosus, var. f , tenui- folius, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 376. Roots and flowers like those of 0. tuberosus. Leaflets channelled above, and niucronate. Fine-leaf ettedBhtev-V etch. Fl. May, Jul. Brit. Pl.|tolft. 27 O. Pyrena'icus (Lin. spec. 1029.) stem simple, terete; leaves with 2-3 pairs of ovate, nerved, mucronate leaflets, which are glaucous beneath ; stipulas semi-sagittate, linear, awned on both sides ; peduncles 1-2-flowered; teeth of calyx triangular, the lowest one the longest ; style jointed. ~il . H. Native of the Pyrenees. O. Plukenetii, Lapeyr. mem. mus. 2. p. 299. — O. tuber6sus var. /3, Pyrenaicus, Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 376. — Pluck, phyt. t. 200. Flowers pure purple. Pyrenean Bitter-Vetch. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1622. PI. 1 ft. 28 O. divarica'tus (Lapeyr. in mem. mus. 2. p. 302. t. 2.) stem branched, divaricate, winged in the middle, but naked at both extremities ; leaves with 2-3 pairs of elliptic-lanceolate, ob- tuse, mucronate leaflets ; stipulas of the lower leaves acute, entire, of the upper ones sharply and deeply toothed at the base; peduncles few-flowered; calycine segments triangular, acute, lower one longest. •:;. H. Native of the Pyrenees. O. tuber- osus y, divaric^tus, Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 376. Flowers purple. Z)iyanca/?>- leafletted Wild-senna. Fl. June, Jidy. Clt. 1818. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 93 C. TiUFL6RA(Vahl. eel. amer. 3. p. 11.) leaves with 2 pairs of oblong obtuse leaflets, which are clothed with hoary villi be- neath ; petiole glandless ; peduncles axillary, pubescent, 3-4- flowered. I; . S. Native of the Island of Santa Cruz. Le- gume unknown, and therefore the section to which the plant be- longs is doubtful. Three-flowered Wild-senna. Shrub. 94 C. cane'scens (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 357.) leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets, which are rounded at the apex, hairy above, and clothed with hoary tomentum beneath, upper ones elliptic, the rest smaller and roundish-ovate ; petiole gland- less ; racemes axillary, pendulous. It. S. Native of South America, near Guayaquil. Legume linear, glabrous, warted. Canescent Wild-senna. Shrub. 95 C. Peraltea na (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer, 6. p. 356.) leaves with 3-4 pairs of oblong leaflets, which are rounded at the apex, puberulous above, but clothed with canescent pubes- cence beneath ; petiole glandless ; racemes axillary. Jj . S. Native of Mexico, about Campeachy. Legume unknmvn. Peralt's Wild-senna. Tree. 96 C. Nu^TANs (Moc. et Scssc, in Collad. mon. p. 113. t. 4.) leaves with 2-5 pairs of oval glabrous leaflets, the lower pair the smallest; petiole glandless ; branches beset with blunt tu- bercles ; peduncles axillary, racemose, nodding. ^ . S. Native of Mexico. Nodding-hranchecl Wild-senna. Shrub. 97 C. emargina'ta (Lin. spec. 538.) leaves with 4 pairs of ovate, obtuse, or rather emarginate leaflets, clothed with hairy pubescence beneath, as well as the branches and petioles ; pe- tioles glandless ; racemes axillary, crowded. Tj.S. Native of Jamaica and St. Domingo. Sloane, hist. 2. p. 180. f. 1-4. Emarginate-leaQetted Wild-senna. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1759. Tree. 98 C. pi'cta ; glabrous; leaves with 5 pairs of ovate-elliptic. cuspidate leaflets, which are oblique at the base ; petiole gland- less ; racemes axillary and terminal ; legumes flat, membranous. V; . S. Native of Guayaquil. Flowers pale yallow, painted with purple veins. Painted-Rowered Wild-senna. Shrub. 99 C. atoma'ria (Lin. spec. 540.) leaves with 5 pairs of ovate tomentose leaflets ; petioles terete, glandless, rather ferruginous. Ij. S. Native of South America. C. latifolia, Desf. cat. hort. par. ed. 1. p. 182. ? ^^ooi-bearing Wild-senna. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 100 C. Dominge'nsis (Spreng. neue entd. 3. p. 55.) leaves with 4-6 pairs of oblong, acuminated, glabrous leaflets, ending in an awn ; petioles glandless ; racemes panicled, very long. H . S. Native of St. Domingo. Leaflets on long petiolules. Legumes flat, very glabrous, rather shining, 1^ inch long, on a short pedi- cel within the calyx. St. Domingo Wild-senna. Shrub. 101 C. angustifolia (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 29.) leaves with 7 pairs of lanceolate glabrous leaflets, outer ones the largest ; pe- tioles glandless ; legumes pendulous. Ij . S. Native of Arabia. Narrow-leafletted Wild-senna. Shrub. 102 C. FLORIDA (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 57.) leaves with 7 pairs of oval-oblong, glabrous, emarginate leaflets ; petioles glandless ; racemes axillary, many-flowered ; bracteas spatulate, ending in a long mucrone. ^ . S. Native of the East Lidies. F/orid Wild-senna. Fl. Ju.July. Clt. 1820. Sh. 5 to 6 feet. 103 C. Sia'mea (Lam. diet. 1. p. 648.) leaves with 8-9 pairs of ovate-oblong, obtuse, glabrous leaflets ; petioles glandless ; legumes flat, compressed, marginated. I2 • S. Native about Siam. Siam Wild-senna. Shrub. 104 C. dumetorum (Bert. ined. D. C. prod. 2. p. 499.) leaves with 9 pairs of oval leaflets, which are obtuse at both ends, and pubescent beneath, outer ones the largest, and obovate ; petioles glandless, and are, as well as the branches, pubescent ; legumes very flat, attenuated at the base, but obtuse and mucronate at the apex. f; . S. Native of St. Martha. Stipulas rather spi- nose. Perhaps distinct from the following. Hedge Wild-senna. Shrub, 105 C. catha'rtica (Mart. reis. bras, ex Schlecht. Linnasa. 5. p. 41.) plant beset ^^ith pili, which are glandular at the base and viscid; petioles glandless; leaves with 8-10 pairs of oblong- elliptic, bluntish, almost mutic leaflets, which are rather unequal at the base ; peduncles axillary ; legumes linear, rather convex, an inch long. \ . S. Native of Brazil. Cathartic Wild-senna. Shrub. 106 C. reticula'ta (Willd. enum. p. 443.) leaves with 10 pairs of oblong leaflets, which are rounded and obtuse at both ends, and pubescent beneath, outer ones the largest ; petioles glandless ; legumes compressed. h . S. Native of Para, in Brazil. Meticttlated-leaved Wild-senna. .Shrub. 107 C. specta'bilis (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 90. no. 57.) leaves with 10-12 pairs of ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, mucro- nate leaflets ; petioles glandless ; stipulas linear-subulate ; ra- cemes loose, terminal. I; . S. Native of Caraccas. Collad. mon. p. 115. t. 7. Legume unknown. Show!/ Wild-senna. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 108 C. AVERSiFLORA (Herb. mss. Hook. bot. mag. 2638.) leaves with 7 pairs of obo\ ate leaflets, with a fulvous oblonc gland on the petiole between the lower pair ; peduncles 2-flovv- ered, axillary, glabrous ; stipulas hispid ; legume falcate, h ■ S. Native of Brazil. Flowers large. LEGUMINOSiE. CCLXXII. Cassia. ll.> Coittrary-^otveredyf M-senna. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1820. Shrub C feet. 109 C. seti'gera (D. C. prod. 2. p. 499.) leaves with 10-12 pairs of lea8ets, wliich are glabrous, as well as the branches ; leaflets oval-oblong, obtuse at both ends, each ending in a deci- duous bristle, glaucous beneath ; petioles glandiess ; racemes axil- lary and terminal, disposed in panicles ; legumes flat, tj . S. Na- tive of the East Indies. Bristle-bearing Wild-senna. Slirub. 110 C. monta\na (Roth. nov. spec. 214.) leaves with about 12 pairs of oblong-oval, somewliat emarginate leaflets, which are glabrous on botii surfaces ; petioles glandiess ; racemes axil- lary ; flowers Ireptandrous. 1; . S. Native of the East Indies. Muuntain Wild-senna. Shrub. 111 C. Timorie'nsis (D. C. prod. 2. p. 499.) leaves with 12- lo pairs of oval-oblong leaflets, which are obtuse at both ends, niuricated with awns, and clotlicd with hairy pubescence beneath ; petioles glandiess, and are as well as tlie branches puberulous ; racemes many-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; legumes flat, immarginate. Ij . S. Native of tlie Island of Timor. Timor Wild-senna. Shrub. Sect. IV. Baseophy'llum (from jiamc, basis, and (pvWoy, jj/n/Hon, a leaf; in reference to the lower pair of leaflets being at tlie base of the petiole). D. C. in Collad. mon. p. 115. Sepals obtuse. Stamens nearly equal. Anthers oblong, all fertile, opening by 2 chinks at the apex. Legume flat, com- pressed, 1 -celled, destitute of pidp. Seeds vertical, compressed, oval, longer than the funicle, but hardly shorter than the breadth of the valves. 112 C. cytisoi'des (D. C. in Collad. mon. p. 116. t. 14.) leaves with 3 pairs of obovate-orbicular, glabrous leaflets, the lower pair approximating the axil, with a sessile gland on the petiole, between the 2 lower pairs of leaflets. '^ . S. Native of Brazil. Cytisus-like Cassia. Shrub. Sect. V. A'bsus (a name wliich Prosper Alpinus gave to C. A'bsus, from the name of a river in Palestine). D. C. in Collad. mon. p. IIC. prod. 500. Sepals bjuntish or acutish. Petals nearly equal. Stamens 5-10, nearly equal, all fertile. Anthers opening by 2 chinks at the apex. Legumes flat, com- pressed, destitute of pulp, 1 -celled, or many-celled from obso- lete dissepiments. Seeds vertical, or parallel to the valves, ovate, compressed, with the funicle short and scale-formed. — • Annual herbs or subslirubs. Leaves witli 2 pairs of leaflets, Bracteoles small, along the pedicels. 113 C. A'bsus (Lin. spec. .537.) leaves with 2 pairs of obo- vate, glabrous, ciliated, dotted leaflets, witli small glands on tlie petiole between the lower pair of leaflets ; branches and pe- tioles pubescent ; lower flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves, upper ones disposed in a naked terminal raceme. ©. S. Na- tive of Ceylon (Barm. zcyl. t. 97.) and Egypt, also of Jamaica, where it has probably been introduced. Collad. mon. p. 77. and 117. Jacq. eel. 1. t. H3. Flowers copper-coloured or yellow, pentandrous. The seeds are used in oplithahnia, when reduced to powder. Absus Cassia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1777. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 114 C. HispiDA (Collad. mon. p. 118.) leaves with 2 pairs of ovate-roundish, glabrous, dotless leaflets ; petioles glandiess ; branches and legumes hispid ; racemes terminal, naked, elon- gated. O. S. Native of Cayenne. C. A'bsus, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 381. exclusive of the synonymes. C. hispidula, Vahl. eel. amer. 3. p. 10. Sepals acuminated. Hispid Cassia. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 115 C. Tiionni'noii (D. C. prod. 2. p. 500.) leaves with I pairs of ovate, acute, ciliated, viscid, jiilose leaflets; petioles glandiess ; stems peduncles, and calyxes hispid and clammy ; lower flowers axillary and solitary, upper ones disposed in .i terminal raceme. ©. S. Nativeof Guinea. C. viscosa, Vahl. herb, but not of Kuntli. Flowers copper-coloured, drying brown. I'/wnning' s Casai-d. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI. li ft. 1 IG C. viscosA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amev. 6. p. 360.) leaves with 2 pairs of obovatc, emarginate, ciliated leaflets, and are as well as the petioles glandular, clammy, and pilose ; branches, pedicels, and calyxes clothed with clammy pili ; ra- cemes terminal and lateral, many-flowered. H . S. Native of New Granada, near Contreras and Ibagne. Flowers yellow. Clammy Cassia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 1 17 C. PAUciFLOKA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves with 2 pairs of elliptic, obtuse, clammy leaflets ; petiole glandiess ; branches and pedicels clammy ; i-acemes terminal, few-flowered. I^ . S. Native of Mexico, near La Venta del Peregrino. C. brachy- stachya, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Very like the pre- ceding species. Few-Jlowered Cassia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 118 C. LOTofDES (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves with 2 pairs of obovate, glabrous leaflets, which are rounded at the apex ; petioles glandiess ; branches and pedicels clothed with clammy hairs ; racemes terminal. "h . S. Native of Cumana, near Ca- ripe, and in sand on the banks of the Orinoco. Procumbent. Flowers yellow, large. Lotus- like Cassia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Sh. procumb. Sect. VI. ChamjEcri'sta (a name given by Breynius to this section). Breyn. prod. 2. p. 29. D. C. in Collad. mon. p. 118. prod. 2. p. 500. — Grimaldia, Schrank, ex Biroli, cat hort. hot. taur. 1815. p. 36. Sepals acuminated, nearly equal. Stamens 10, or only 5-7 from abortion. Anthers oblong, glabrous, opening by 2 pores at the apex. Legumes flat, com- pressed, dehiscent, destitute of pulp. Seeds vertical, com- pressed, ovate, or nearly square. — Herbs or subshrubs. Stipulas many-nerved at the base. Pedicels bearing 2 acute bracteoles each, axillary, sometimes joined with the branches at the base, and therefore may be said to be supra-axillary. Flowers and fruit erect. Leaflets lapping over each other, when in sleep or at night. § 1. Bauhiniuno! (plants whose leaves appear like those of Buuhinia). D. C. prod. 2. p. 501. Leaves usually with 1 or 2 pairs of leajlels, rarely with 3-i pairs. 119 C. BAUHiNisFOLiA (Kunth, mini. p. 123. t. 37.) leaves with 1 pair of obovate, emarginate, obliquely cordate leaflets, with the margins undulately repand, and puberulous on both surfaces ; petioles glandiess, and are as well as the branches clothed with soft pubescence ; stipulas cordate, acuminated ; peduncles 1-3, axillary, 1 -flowered, bibracteate, pilose at the apex as well as the caly.xes. Ij . S. Native on the sandy banks of the Orinoco. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 364. Bauhinia-leaved Cassia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 120 C. cotinifolia ; glabrous; leaves with 1 pair of roundisii, retuse, coriaceous, repand leaflets ; racemes bristly, simple, and panicled. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. Sello. (v. s. herb. Lamb.) Colinus-leaced Cassia. Shrul) 6 to 10 feet. 121 C. diphy'lla (Lam. diet. 1. p. 642.) leaves with 1 pair of obovate, 5-7-nerved leaflets, whicli are unequal at the base, and quite glabrous, as well as tlie branches ; stipulas lanceolate, cordate, ciliated at the base, permanent ; petiole ending in an awn. tj . S. Native of Porto Rico, Cayenne, and about Aca- pulco. Cav. icon. 6. t. 600. 446 LEGUIMINOS^. CCLXXII. Cassia. r?!-o-/eat'ed Cassia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1781. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 122 C. BiFOLiATA (D. C. in Collad. mon. 120. t. 9. f. B.) leaves with 1 pair of leaflets, which are as well as the branches and petioles pilose ; leaflets obovate, 3-5-nerved at the base ; stipulas cordate, lanceolate, ciliated ; petiole without any awn. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, very common about Rio Janeiro. C. pentandra, Raddi, pi. bras. add. p. 20. Flowers pentan- drous, ex Raddi. C. nummuliiria, Vahl. ined. C. rotundifolia, Pers. is perhaps the same, ex Juss. Legume puberulous. Bifoliate Cassia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 123 C. FABAGiNiFOLiA (H. B. et KuHth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 363.) leaves with 1 pair of obovate, rather retuse, obliquely cordate, ciliated, glabrous leaflets ; petioles glandless, and are as well as the branches beset with soft hairs ; pedicels 1-2-toge- ther, axillary, 1 -flowered, bibracteate, glabrous. I; • S- Na- tive of Mexico, on the burning mount Jorullo. Fabago-leaved Cassia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 12-1 C. cuLTRiFoLiA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 3G3.) leaves with 1 pair of oblong-lanceolate, falcately-ensiform, glabrous leaflets, which are denticulately ciliated at the apex ; ])etioles furnished with 1 gland beneath the leaflets ; branches marked by a pilose line ; pedicels axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, hairy, bibracteate. I; . S. Native on the banks of the river Orinoco. Knife-leaved Cassia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 125 C. LiNEARiFoLiA ; leaves with 1 pair of long, linear, co- ri.iceous, glabrous, acuminated leaflets ; sepals acute. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. Sello. (v. s. herb. Lamb.) Linear-lcafletted Cassia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 126 C. puLCHRA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 6. p. 362.) leaves with 2 pairs of obovate-oblong, glabrous leaflets, which are rounded at the apex ; petiole furnished with 1 gland beneath the leaflets ; branches marked with 2 rows of stiff hairs ; pedi- cels axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, bibracteate, hispid. Tj . S. Native of South America, near San Carlos del Rio Negro. Fair Cassia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 127 C. GRA'citis (Kunth, mim. p. 120. t. 36.) leaves with 2 pairs of obovate-oblong, obtuse, glabrous leaflets ; branches also glabrous ; petiole bearing 1 gland beneath the leaflets ; pe- dicels solitary, axillary, 1-flowered, bibracteate, glabrous, twice the length of the leaves. }j . S. Native on the banks of the river Orinoco. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 360. Legume glabrous, rather twisted. /%ncZer Cassia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 128 C. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 456.) leaves with 2 pairs of roundish leaflets ; branches rather villous ; stipulas small, ovate, acuminated, about equ.il in length to the petioles ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, elongated. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. Legume pubescent, flat, 10-12-seeded, length of pedicel. Romul-leafletted Cassia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 129 C. Perso6nii (Collad. mon. p. 119.) leaves and branches glabrous ; leaves with 2 pairs of obovate veiny leaflets ; stipulas lanceolate, adpressed, about equal in size to the leaflets. I; . S. Native of Cayenne. C. lanceolata, Pers. ench. 1. p. 4-56. but not of Forsk. Persoon's Cassia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 130 C. uniflora (Spreng. neue entd. 1. p. 291.) leaves with 2 pairs of glabrous, obovate-lanceolate, veiny leaflets ; branch- lets pubescent ; petioles glandular in the middle ; stipulas cor- ilate-lanceolate ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, 10-times longer than the petioles. Ij.S. Native of Brazil. Flowers reddi'sh. According to Neuvv. reis. bras, vol. 2. the leaflets are shining and silky beneath, with a gland on the petiole between the lower pair. The flowers corymbous, and the legumes covered with yellow hairs. This is perhaps the same or perhaps a different species. One-flowered Cassia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 131 C. bre'vipes (D. C. in Collad, mon. p. 119. t. 9. f. A.) leaves with 2 pairs of glabrous leaflets ; young branches and petioles tomentose ; leaflets oblong ; stipulas cordate-lanceolate, many-nerved at the base ; petioles glandless ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, rather shorter than the petioles. Ij . S. Native of Panama. /S'/iorZ-pedicelled Cassia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 132 C. KuNTHiA NA(Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnaea. 5. p. 599.) stems trailing, filiform, puberulous ; leaves distich, with 3 pairs of approximate leaflets ; rachis ending in a bristle-like mucrone ; leaflets obliquely-obovate, mucronulate, 3-nerved, and reticu- lately veined, glabrous, obsoletely ciliated ; petiole pubescent, bearing a gland between the lower pair of leaflets ; stipulas cordate, ovate, acuminated, pungent, many-nerved, ciliated ; peduncles axillary, solitary, bibracteate, pubescent on the inner side, exceeding the leaves. Ij . S. Native of Mexico, on hills near Hacienda de la Laguna. Kunth's Cassia. Shrub procumbent. 133 C. FOLiosA ; branches pubescent ; leaves with 3-4 pairs of elliptic, obtuse, mucronate, glabrous leaflets ; pedicels 2-3, axillary ; sepals acute ; legumes flat, lanceolate ; stipulas linear- subulate, ^i . S. Native of Peru. (v. s. in herb. Lamb.) Leafy Cassia. Shrub. 134 C. tene'lla (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 365.) leaves with 2-4 pairs of oblong, glabrous leaflets ; stems pro- cumbent, puberulous ; petioles bearing 1 gland, puberulous ; pedicels puberulous, axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, bibracteate. ^ . S. Native on the banks of the river Orinoco, near San Borja. Weak Cassia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Sh. procumbent. 135 C mucrona'ta (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 341.) leaves with 3 pairs of oblong-elliptic, mucronate, glabrous leaflets, with an urceolate gland between the lower pair ; peduncles axillary, 1- flowered. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. Mucronate-XeaweA Cassia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. § 2. Mimosildece (from Mimosa, and idea, like ; plants with the habit of Mimosa). D. C. prod. 2. p. 502. Leaves with from 5 to 50 pairs of leaflets. 136 C. linea'ta (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 726.) erect; leaves with 5 pairs of oblong, obtuse, mucronulate leaflets, which are pubescent beneath, but glabrous above as well as the petioles and branches, with a sessile gland at the base of the petiole ; pedicels 1-flowered, axillary, and lateral ; legumes hairy. Ij . S. Native of Jamaica, among rubbish. imerf-leaved Cassia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1 to 3 ft. 137 C. cunea'ta (D. C. in Collad. mon. p. 121.) erect; leaves with 5 pairs of obovate-cuneated, very blunt, mucronate leaflets, which are pubescent beneath as well as the branches and petioles, with a sessile gland at the base of the petiole ; pedicels axillary, aggregate ; legumes pubescent, spirally twisted. fj . S. Native of South America. Ci»ieaj . S. Native of Guinea, in the Island of St. Thomas. Gumca-stamened Cassia. Shrub 1 foot. 179 C. microphy'lla (Willd. spec. 2. p. 529.) erect; leaves with about 50 pairs of oblong-linear leaflets ; petioles narrowly margined between the pairs of leaflets, and bearing a sessile gland beneath the lower pair of leaflets ; pedicels solitary, supra- axillary ; legumes villous. Tj . S. Native of tlie Island of Santa-Cruz. Stem branched, pubescent. Stipulas lanceolate, acuminated. Perhaps many species are confused under this name. Far. (i, Guineensis (D. C. prod. 2. p. 505.) leaves with about 40 pairs of leaflets ; petiole not margined ; pedicels solitary. ©. S. Native of Guinea. C. geminata, Vahl. ex herb. Puer. far. 7, hecatophylla (D. C. in Collad. mon. p. 128. t. 18.) glands usually twin beneath the leaflets ; pedicels 2-3, aggre- gate; legumes at length smoothish. ©. S. Native of Tobago. Var. h, Senegalensis {Y>. C. 1. c.) leaves with about 40 pairs of leaflets; petiole a little marginate ; legumes smoothish. ©. S. Native of Senegal, at Richard-Tole. Small -leajletled Cassia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1810. PL 1 ft. 180 C. ARENA ria(H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. VOL. II. 370.) branches flexuous, tetragonal, puberulous ; leaves with 45- 50 pairs of linear glabrous leaflets, with rather hispid scabrous margins, lower ones and stipulas ciliated ; petiole bearing 2 glands beneath the lower pair of leaflets ; peduncles 1-2, pilose, axillarv. ^ . S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco, near Maypures, in sandy shady places. ^a«j . S. Native of South America. C. tetraphylla, Desv. journ. hot. 1814. p. 72. but not of Mill. Deseaux's Cassia. Shrub. 183 C. LATiFOLiA (Meyer, prim, esseq. 166.) leaves with 2 pairs of oblong glabrous leaflets, with a large gland between the lower pair, and a small one between the superior pair. ^ . S. Native of Guiana. Flowers large, yellow. Broad-leaflettcd Cassia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 181- C. GLA~BRA (Coll. mon. 131.) leaves with 2 pairs of ob- liquely ovate-roundish, obtuse, quite glabrous, veiny leaflets ; branches angular, glabrous. Jj . S. Native of Brazil. C. venosa, Desv. journ. hot. 1814. p. 72. but not of Zucc. Glabrous Cassia. Shrub. 185 C. arbore'scens (Mill. diet. no. 15. but not of Vahl.) leaves with 2 pairs of oblong-ovate leaflets, which are villous beneath ; flowers corymbose ; stem erect, arboreous ; legumes compressed. T?. S. Native of Mexico, about Vera Cruz. Arborescent Cassia. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 186 C. auri'ta (Coll. mon. p. 131.) leaves with 2 pairs of oblong-lanceolate, eared leaflets, with a large ovate gland be- tween the lower pair. Jj . S. Native of Brazil. Vand. fl. lus. et bras, in Roem. script, p. 104. £'«rerf-leafletted Cassia. Shrub or tree. 187 C. Cube'nsis (Hoffiiians. verz. 1824. p. 209.) leaves with 2-3 pairs of ovate, acuminated, ciliated, rather pilose leaf- lets, which are unequal at the base, outer ones the largest, with a gland on the petiole between the lower pair ; legumes slender, terete, obtuse, somewhat incurved. h . S. Native of Cuba. Cuba Cassia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 188 C. mona'ntha (D. C. prod. 2. p. 506.) leaves with 3 pairs of ovate, acuminated, villous leaflets ; flowers solitary, axil- lary ; legumes erect, terete; stem erect, herbaceous. ©. S. Native of Mexico, about Campeachy. C. uniflora, Mill. diet, no. 5. One-Jluwered Cassia. PI. 1 foot. 189 C. MiLLE^Ri (Coll. mon. p. 132.) leaves with 3 pairs of obtuse emarginate leaflets ; stems pilose ; flowers solitary, axil- lary, longer than the petioles ; legumes flat. Ij . S. Native of Jamaica. C. emarginata. Mill. diet. no. 13. but notofLin. Miller's Cassia. Shrub. 190 C. viLLOSA (Mill. diet. no. 14.) leaves with 3 pairs of ob- long-oval, equal, villous leaflets; legumes articulated; stem erect, arboreous. Ij . S. Native of Mexico, about Campeachy. Flowers small, straw-coloured. r;//oHS-leaved Cassia. Tree 14 to 16 feet. 191 C. homophy'lla (Hoffmans. verz. 1824. p. 209.) leaves with 3-4 pairs of elliptic-oblong, obtuse, glabrous leaflets, outer ones hardly larger than the others ; petiole furnished with 1 or 2 subulate sessile glands between 1 or 2 of the lower pairs of 3 M 450 LEGUMINOSiE. CCLXXII. Cassia. CCLXXIII. Delaria. leaflets. Tj . S. Native country, flowers, and fruit unknown. Said to be allied to C. occidentalis, Equal-leaJleUed Cassia. Shrub. 192 C. Houstoniana (Coll. mon. p. 132.) leaves with 4 pairs of oblong-ovate leaflets ; stems procumbent ; peduncles axillary, 2-flowered. ©. S. Native of Jamaica. C. biflora, Mill. diet, no. 14. but not of Lin. Houston's Cassia. PI. proc. 193 C. macrade'na (Collad. mon. p. 132.) leaves with 4 pairs of oblong, eared, mucronate leaflets, bearing a large orbi- cular gland at the base of the petiole. Pj . S. Native of Brazil. Vand. in Roem. script, p. 104. Long-glandcd Cassia. Shrub. 194 C. pubi'gera (Lag. gen. et spec. p. 14. no. 184.) leaves with 4 pairs of rather hairy, ovate, acuminated leaflets, outer ones lanceolate, with a conical, somewhat pedicellate gland at the base of the petiole. — Native of Guayaquil. Pubigerous Cassia. Shrub. 195 C. ARACHoiDES (Burcli. cat. no. 1680. ex trav. 1. p. 341.) leaves with 4-5 pairs of obovate leaflets, which are rounded or obcordate at the apex ; stems herbaceous, trailing ; racemes sim- ple, axillary ; legumes oval-orbicular, membranous, flat. — Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Arachis-Uhc Cassia. PI. trailing. 196 C. Singuea'na (Gailliaud, fl. a meroe, 18:?6.) branches tomentose at the apex ; leaves with 7 pairs of obtuse interglan- dular leaflets, pubescent on the back and margins. Ij . G. Na- tive of Egypt, about Singue. Siiigue Wild-senna. Shrub. 197 C. Aschre'k (Forsk. descrip. p. 86.) leaves with 4-5 pairs of oval-oblong, glabrous, obtuse, acuminated leaflets, with a subulate gland between each pair ; legumes flat. ©. ? G. Native of Arabia at Mor, where it is called Aschrek. Aschrek Cassia. PI. 1 foot ? 198 C. Plumie'ri (D. C. prod. 2. p. 506.) leaves with 5 pairs of ovate-lanceolate glabrous leaflets ; legumes compressed, long, straight, pendulous, torose at the seeds. fj . G. Native of Guadaloupe. Plum. ed. Burm. t. 77. C. planisiliqua, Lam. diet. 1. p. 645. but not of Lin. Plumier's Cassia. Tree. 199 C. frute'scens (Mill. diet. no. 2.) leaves with 5 pairs of ovate glabrous leaflets, outer ones the longest ; stem shrubby ; legumes long, terete. Pj . S. Native of Jamaica. Shrubby Cassia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 300 C. HiRTA (Willd. enum. suppl. 23.) leaves with 5 pairs of oblong hairy leaflets, with an oblong gland on the petiole be- tween the lower pair ; stipulas subulate ; branches hairy. Tj . S. Native country unknown. Hairy Cassia. Shrub. 201 C. Sa'bak (Gailliaud, fl. a meroe, 1826.) branches smooth, ferruginous ; corolla an inch and a half; flowers numerous. |j . S. Native of Egypt, on mount Aqaro, where it is called Sa- bak, and where the inhabitants use the husks of the pods to tan leather. Sabak Cassia. Shrub. 202 C. Sumatra'na (Roxb. ex Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. p. 135.) leaves with 4-8 pairs of elliptic coriaceous leaflets, which are retuse and mucronate at the apex. Ij . S. Native of Su- matra. Sumatra Cassia. Shrub. 203 A. eglandulosa (Dum. Cours. bot. cult. ed. 2. vol. 6. p. 34.) leaves with 7 pairs of ovate-orbicular, mucronate, gla- brous leaflets, which are palest beneath ; petioles glandless. Ij . S. Native country unknown. Glandless Cassia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 204 C. tuberculat A (Collad. mon. p. 133.) leaves with 7-8 pairs of oblong acuminated leaflets, lower ones the smallest ; pe- tiole glandless; stem angular, tubercled. I7 , S. Native of Brazil. Vand. in Roem. script, p. 104. Tuber cled-sicmmeA Cassia. Shrub. 205 C. DECiPiENs (Desv. journ. bot. 1814. p. 73.) leaves with usually 8 pairs of linear-lanceolate, acute, quite glabrous leaflets; legumes compressed, elongated, somewhat reniform. Ij . S. Native of America. Deceiving Cassia. Shrub. 206 C. sopHEROiDES (Collad. mon. p. 134.) leaves with 8-10 pairs of lanceolate, acute, glabrous leaflets, with rather villous margins ; petiole bearing an oblong gland at the base ; legumes compressed. fj . S. Native of the East Indies. C. Sophera, Lam. diet. 1. p. 649. but not of Lin. Sopliera-Uke Cassia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 207 C. ciiam;ecristo1des (Collad. mon. p. 134.) leaves with many pairs of linear leaflets ; stems procumbent, frutescent ; flowers large, solitary, axillary ; legumes glabrous. 1; . S. Na- tive of Mexico, about Vera Cruz. C. chamsecrista, Mill. diet, no. 1 7. but not of Lin. Cliamcecrista-like Cassia. Shrub proc. 208 C. Hornema'nni (D. C. prod. 2. p. 507.) erect ; leaves with many pairs of elliptic, ciliated, mucronate leaflets, bearing one sessile gland on the petiole. 0. S. Native country un- known. C. venosa, Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. p. 46. but not of Zucc. Hornemann's Cassia. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 209 C. MULTiJUGA (Rich, in act. soc. hist. nat. par. 108.) ar- boreous, quite glabrous ; leaves with 20-25 pairs of oblong ellip- tic leaflets, which are white beneath ; panicle terminal, multiple. Tj . S. Native of Cayenne. Many-paired-leaiieUed Cassia. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 210 C. oiscoLOR (Herb. Desv. Hamilt. prod. p. 38.) stem shrubby; leaves with usually 6 pairs of obovate, oblong, rather emarginate, glabrous leaflets, cinereous beneath ; flowers termi- nal, sub-racemose ; legumes broad, oblong, compressed. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica. Discoloured-leayed Cassia. Shrub. 211 C. hirsuta (Herb. Desv. Hamilt. prod. p. 38.) stem shrubby ; leaves with usually 6 pairs of ovate, obtuse, mucro- nulate leaflets, w hich are tomentose beneath ; flowers axillary, spi- cate ; legume glabrous, compressed, very long, and linear. ^ , S. Native of Jamaica. Hairy Cassia. Shrub. Cult. All the species of Cassia are of easy culture ; they thrive best in a mixture of loam and peat, and cuttings of the shrubby kinds root readily in sand luider a hand-glass ; those of the stove species in heat. The C. Ularyldndica being the only hardy perennial species, should be grown in a sheltered situation in peat soil, and it may either be increased by seeds or by divid- ing the plant at the root in spring. CCLXXIII. DELA'RIA (Delar, evidently the name of some botanist). Desv. obs. legum. ex in Schlecht. Linna?a. 2. p. 510. LiN. sYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx spathaceous, 5- toothcd, marcescent. Vexillum large, spreading. Stamens 10, fertile. Ovary sessile or stipitate. Stigma acute. Legume elongated, few-seeded. — Shrubs, with alternate simple leaves. 1 D. ovAi.iroLiA (Desv. 1. c.) leaves oval-elliptic, canescent beneath ; flowers axillary ; legumes hairy, usually twin. h . S. Native of Brazil. Cassia simplicifolia, Desv. journ. bot. 1814. p. 72. D. C. prod. 2. p. 505. Oval-leaved Delaria. Shrub. 2 D. PYRiFOLiA (Desv. 1. c.) Ij . S. Native of Guinea. Nothing further is known to us of this plant. Pear-leaved Delaria. Shrub. Cult. A mixture of loam and peat is the soil best suited to the LEGUMINOS^. CCLXXIV. Cham^fistula. 451 species of DcUiria, and cuttings will root readily if planted in a pot of sand, with a liaiul-glass placed over them in heat. CCLXXIV. CHAMiEFI'STULA {chama;, a word usually applied in botany to signify false, and Jisliila, a pipe ; in re- ference to the cylindrical pods ; but it has nothing to do with the true Fistula, which is the Catliarlocaipus Fistula). Cassia, section H. Chamivfistida, D. C. in Collad. mon. p. 87. D. C. prod. '2. p. 490. — Chamrecassia, Breyn. prod. 2. p. 28. LiN. sysT. Dcct'nulria, Moiiogijuia. Sepals 5, very obtuse, hardly joined at the base, more or less unequal. Petals 5, un- equal. Stamens 10, free, unequal, the 3 lower ones longest, the 4 middle ones short and straight, and the 3 superior ones bearing diftbrmed abortive anthers. Anthers opening by 2 pores at the apex. Ovary stipitate. Legumes terete, hardly dehiscent, slender, membranous, divided by transverse dissepiments into 1 -seeded divisions internally, and filled with pulp. Seeds ellip- tic, compressed, horizontal.^ — ^Trees or shrubs, with abruptly pin- nate leaves, bearing glands on the petioles. Flowers of all yellow. * Leaves with 2 iiairs of Icajlels. Petiole hearing a gland betneen the lower ]>air of leajlels. 1 C. bacilla'ris ; leaves with 2 pairs of ovate, obtuse, ob- lique leaflets, with a gland on the petiole between the loiver pair; racemes axillary, pedunculate ; legumes cylindrical, acute. I7 . S. Native of Surinam. Cassia bacillaris, Lin. fil. suppl p. 231. Houst. rel. t. 17. Jaeq. fragra. t. 85. f. 4.? Cathartocarpus Bacillus, Lindl. hot. reg. t. 881. Legume a foot long, terete. /forf Bastard-cassia. "F1. Ju. Jul. "CIt. 1782. 'J'r. 12 to 14 ft. 2 C. spEciosA ; leaves with 2 pairs of rather coriaceous un- equal-sided leaflets, which are shining above and glabrous, but densely clothed with tomentose pubescence beneath, ultimate pair twice the size of the other, obovate-oblong, with a cylin- drical gland on the petiole between the lower pair ; corymbs ter- minal. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. Cassia micans, Nces. infl. 1821. p. 329. C. speciosa, Schrad. in goctt. anz. 1821. p. 718. Ovary nearly terete, on a short stipe, thickly clotiied with yellow hairs. St)"le short, glabrous, uncinate, thick. Anthers large. iS'/iO)!!/ ChaniEfifistula. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810. Tree. 3 C. iNiEQViLA'iEBA ; leaves with 2 pairs of ovate, rather acuminated, glabrous leaflets, which are unequal-sided at the base, with a sessile gland on the petiole between the lower pair ; racemes axillary, pedunculate ; legumes incurved. Ij . S. Native of St. Martha. C. insequilatera, Bert. ined. ex. D. C. prod. 2. p. 490. Very like the following species, but differs in being glabrous. t"«f/^»(//-4((/erf-leafletted Chamsefistula. Tree 20 feet. 4 C. MACROPiiYLLA ; Icavcs with 2 pairs of elliptic-oblong, bluntish leaflets, which are glabrous above, but clothed with soft hairs beneath as well as the branchlets and petioles, with an obtuse gland on the petiole between the lower pair of leaflets ; racemes axillary, pedunculate ; legumes incurved. f; . S. Na- tive of New Granada, at the mouth of the river Sinu near Car- thagena. Cassia macrophylla, Kunth, mini. p. 126. t. 38. nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 340. Lateral leaflets nearly equal at the base. Long-leaved Chamsefistula. Tree. 5 C. pube'rula ; leaves with 2 pairs of unequal-sided, ellip- tic-oblong, acute leaflets, which are glabrous above, but clothed with adpressed pubescence beneath, as well as on the branches and petioles, lower pair smaller, ovate-roundish, with an oblong- conical gland on the petiole between the lovv'er pair ; racemes axillary, pedunculate, f; . S. Native of New Granada. Cassia puberula, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. G. p. 341. Puberulous ChavmE(\iitu\a. Tree. 6 C. oxypuy'lla ; leaves with 2 pairs of unequal-sided, acu- minately-mucronate leaflets, which are pubescent above, but clothed with soft tomentose pubescence beneath, superior pair oblong, lower small and ovate, bearing an oblong, clavate gland on the petiole between the lower pair ; racemes few-flowered. y^ . .S. Native of New Andalusia, on Mount CocoUar. Cassia oxyphylla, Kunth, mim. p. 129. t. 39. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 342. Shaip-lcqfletted Chamacfistula. Tree 50 feet. 7 C. melanoca'kpa ; leaves with 2 pairs of ovate-lanceolate, acuminated leaflets, which are shining above and quite glabrous beneath, as well as the branches and petioles, lower pair one half smaller than the outer pair ; gland cylindrical, acute, situated on the petiole between the lower pair of leaflets ; racemes pedun- culate, axillary ; legumes straight, terete. Ij . S. Native of Jamaica. Cassia melanocarpa, Bert. ined. ex. D. C. prod. 2. p. 491. Legume smooth, black, on a short stipe within the calyx, obtuse, mucronulate by the style, rather tondose. Blackfruited Ch.imaefistula. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 8 C. PRoMiNENs ; leaves with 2 pairs of ovate-elliptic, acu- minated, glabrous leaflets, lower pair the smallest, with a pro- minent gland between ; branches and peduncles pubescent ; racemes forming a large, terminal, corymbous panicle. Pj . S. Native of Brazil. Sello. Legume unknown, (v. s. herb. Lamb.) P)ojH(HC?i<-glanded Chamsefistula. Tree. 9 C. Ruizia'na ; leaves with 2 pairs of broad, elliptic, obtuse, glabrous leaflets, which are oblique at the base, with a large obtuse gland between the lower pair on the petiole ; racemes twin, short, corymbous, axillary. Ij . S. Native of Guiaquil. Cassia macrophylla, Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb. Ruiz's ChamEefistula. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 10 C. oBLiQUA ; leaves with 2 pairs of elliptic, acuminated, glabrous leaflets, with a prominent gland on the petiole between the lower pair ; peduncles about the length of the leaves ; flowers corymbosely umbellate. \^ . S. Native of Peru. Cassia ob- liqua, Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb. Legume unknown. Lower pair of leaflets the smallest. 06/i(jr!(e-leafletted Chamaefistula. Tree. 11 C. e'legans ; glabrous; leaves with 2 pairs of oblique, elliptic, acuminated, coriaceous leaflets, lower pair the smallest, with a prominent ovate-conical gland on the petiole between each pair. Ij . S. Native of Peru. Legumes unknown. Per- haps a species of Cassia. Elegant Chamsefistula. Tree. * * Leaves with 3 or more jiairs of leaflets. 12 C.astroites; clothed in every part with stellate, flocky tomentum ; leaves with 3-4 pairs of leaflets, floral ones with only 2 pairs ; leaflets obliquely ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, ultimate ones the largest, with a clavate gland on the petiole, between the lower pair, or one between each of the two lower pairs ; stipulas setaceous ; racemes axillary, pedunculate, corym- bose ; bracteas filiform. I^ . S. Native of Mexico, in Plan del Rio. Cassia astroites, Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnaea. 5. p. 597. Legume elongated, somewhat moniliform. ', xylon, wood ; wood black). Schott, in Spreng. syst. append, p. 406. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 5-cleft. Petals 5, nearly equal. Stamens 10, hairy. Legume com- pressed, falcate. Seeds furnished with a winged arillus each. 1 M. Bra una (Schott, 1. c.) Tj . S. Native of Brazil. A tree, with reddish brown wood, impari-pinnate leaves, oblong- lanceolate leaflets, which are hairy beneath, and panicled racemes of flowers. Flowers clothed with rusty tomentum. Brauna Melanoxylon. Tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see Copaifera, p. 456. CCLXXX. ACO'SMIUM (from aKoafxia, acosmia, want of ornament ; a tree without beauty). Schott, in Spreng. syst. append. 406. LiN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate, 4-5- cleft. Petals 5, spreading. Stamens 10, inserted in the bottom of the calyx. Ovary elongated, perhaps a legume. 1 A. LENTisciFOLiuM (Schott, 1. c.) ^ . S. Native of Brazil. A shrub, with impari-pinnate leaves, elliptic-lanceolate shining leaflets, and yellow flowers. Racemiferous branches leafless. Sweetia tamarindifolia, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 213. Lcntiscns-leavcd Acosmium. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Copaifera, p. 456. CCLXXXL SCHO'TIA (so named by Jacquin in honour of Richard Van der Schot, his companion in his travels). Jacq. coll. 1. p. 93. Lam. ill. t. 331. D. C. prod. 2. p. 507.— Scotia, Thunb. LiN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Sepals 5, coloured, joined together at the base. Petals 5, lateral ones incumbent. Stamens 10 ; filaments glabrous ; anthers glandless. Ovary pedicellate. Style filiform. Legume unknown. — Trees, with rigid branches, abruptly-pinnate leaves, few-flowered racemes, and vermilion- coloured flowers. Sect. L Schoiia (see genus for derivation). Calyx tubular at the base, with 5 erect lobes. Fruit unknown. Leaves abruptly pinnate. 1 S. sPEciosA (Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 75. Andr. hot. rep. t. 348.) leaves with 7-10 pairs of oval-lanceolate, acuminated leaf- lets, ending each in a spine-like mucrone ;. stipulas subulate, y^ . S. Native of Senegal and the Cape of Good Ho])e. Guay- ^cum A'frum, Lin. spec. 547. S, A'fra, Thunb. prod. 79. Theo- dora speciosa, Med. mon. p. 16. t. 1. Flowers scarlet. Shen-y Scholia. Fl. July, Dec. Clt. 1759. Sh. 5 to 6 feet. 2 S. TAMARINDIFOLIA (Afz. cx bot. mag. t. 1153.) leaves with 8-10 pairs of ovate, bluntish, mucronate or awnless leaflets, rather gibbous in front at the base, fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 33. Flowers crimson. Legume broad, large, arched, reticulately veiny, and with the sutures thickened. LEGUMINOS.E. CCLXXXI. Schotia. CCLXXXII. Copaifera. 455 Tamarind-leaved Scholia. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1795. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 3 S. STiPULA^TA (Ait. hoit. kevv. cd. 2. vol. 3. p. 33.) leaves with 5 pairs of oval, acute, mucronate leaflets ; stipulas dinii- diately ovate, falcate, mucronate. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers crimson. Slipulaccous Schotia. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1794. Sh. 5 to G ft. 4 S. alVta (Thunb. fl. cap. ed. Schult. 1. p. 389.) leaves with usually 4 pairs of cuneiform cut, usually convolute leaflets, which are reflexed at the apex. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers axillary, pedunculate. Petiole furnished with a narrow wing. fVingcd Schotia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Sh. 4 to 6 feet. Sect. II. Schotia'ria (an alteration from the generic name). D. C. prod. 2. p. 508. Legume turgid. Leaves simple. 5 S. siMPLiciFOLiA (Vahi. ined. D. C. prod. 2. p. 508.) leaves oval, emarginate, obtuse, quite smooth, shining, quite entire, 3- nerved, and reticulately veined ; racemes terminal ; rachis, calyxes, and pedicels clothed with short velvety down ; stamens exceeding the petals, and the petals exceeding the calyx, fj . S. Native country unknown. Legume turgid according to Vahl. Simjjle-leavcd Schotia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. Sect. IIL OMrnALOBioiDES (from Omi^halohium, a genus in Connaracete, and idea, like ; resembles that genus in habit). D. C. prod. 2. p. 508. Sepals only connected a very little at the base. Filaments somewhat monadelphous at the very base. Legume on a short pedicel, oval, compressed, almost indehis- cent, 1 -celled, and 2-seeded. Seed girded by an ample aril at the base. G S. LATIFOLIA (Jacq. fragm. 23. t. 15. f. 4.) leaves with 2-4 pairs of obovate, very blunt, mucronate leaflets ; sepals 4 ; petals oblong, hardly attenuated at the base ; stamens monadelphous, 4 times longer than the calyx ; legume 2-seeded. Tq . G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Omphalobium Schotia, Jacq. eel. icon. ined. Petals and stamens purple and white. Seeds orbicular, brown, furnished with a yellow arillus. Broad-leaved Sc\yot\a. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1810. Sh. 6 ft. Cull, The species of this genus are very elegant when in flower. They succeed best in a cool part of a stove, as the green-house is rather too cold for them in winter, although they are natives of the Cape of Good Hope. The soil best suited for them is a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and ripened cuttings will root readily if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them in a moderate heat. CCLXXXn. COPAI'FERA (from Copaiba, the Brazilian name for tlie balsam of Capevi, ant] fero, to bear ; trees produc- ing the balsam of Capevi). Lin. gen. no. 542. Desf. mem. mus. p. 375. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 265. D. C. prod. 2. p. 509. Hayne, pi. offic. ex Schlecht. Linnsea. vol. 1. p. 425. — Copaiva, Jacq. amer. 133. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx bractless. Sepals 4, connected at the very base, spreading, small, and equal. Petals wanting. Stamens 10, distinct, nearly equal ; anthers oblong. Style filiform. Legume stipitate, obliquely elliptic, coriaceous, somewhat compressed, 2-valved, 2-ovulate, 1-seeded. Seed elliptic, wrapped in a fleshy arillus. Embryo straight, with a sublateral radicle. — Trees, natives of the tropical parts of Ame- rica, with impari-pinnate leaves, and coriaceous, somewhat un- equal, ovate leaflets. Flowers white, disposed in panicles. • Leaves impari-pinnate ; leajlets reticulated with ribs. 1 C. Beyrichii (Hayne in Schlecht. Linnsea. 1. p. 425.) leaves with 2-3 pairs of equal-sided leaflets, each ending in a long emarginate acumen, lower ones oblong, upper ones lanceo- late, hardly with pellucid dots. ^2 . S. Native of Brazil. Hayne, pi. offic. t. 12. Bci/rich's Balsam of Capevi tree. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 2 C. Guiane'nsis (Desf. mem. mus. 7. p. 376.) leaves with 2-4 pairs of equal-sided leaflets, each ending in a long apicu- lated point, lower ones ovate, upper ones oblong, full of pellucid dots. I; . S. Native of Guiana, near the Rio Negro. Hayne, pi. ottic. t. 13. Guiana Balsam of Capevi tree. Clt. 1817. Tree 30 to 40 ft. 3 A. Ma'rtii (Hayne, 1. c.) leaves with 2-3 pairs of ovate, equal-sided, dotless leaflets, ending each in a short emarginate acumen. fj . S. Native of Brazil. Hayne, pi. offic. t. 15. Martiuss Balsam of Capevi tree. Tree 30 to 10 feet. 4 C. JacquinlVka (Hayne, 1. c.) leaves with 2-5 pairs of ovate, incurved, unequal-sided, bluntly acuminated leaflets, full of pellucid dots. Ij . S. Native of Martinique, Trinidad, etc. Hayne, t. 14. C. officinalis, Lin. spec. 557. Jacq. amer. t. 8G. Lam. ill. t. 342. Woodv. med. bot. 3. t. 137. H. B. ct Kunth, nov. gen. 7. t. G59. The trees which produce the balsam of Capevi, or Copaiva, are natives of the Spanish West India Islands, and of some parts of South America, and the resinous juice flows in considerable quantities from incisions made in the trunk. The juice is clear and transparent, of a whitish or p-ilc yellow colour, an agreeable smell, and a bitterish pungent taste. It is usually about the consistence of oil, or a little thicker ; when long kept it becomes nearly as thick as honey, retaining its clear- ness ; but it has never been observed to grow dry or solid, as other resinous juices do. The best resin of Copaiva comes from Brazil. Pure resin of Copaiva dissolves entirely in alcohol ; the solution has a very fragrant smell. Distilled with water it yields a large quantity of a limpid essential oil, but no benzoic acid ; it is therefore not a balsam, but a turpentine, a combination of resin and volatile oil. In medicine the resin of Copaiva is a use- ful tonic, but in some degree irritating. In large doses it proves purgative, and promotes urine, and is supposed to clean and heal exulcerations in the luinary passages more effectually than any of the other resinous fluids. The resin has been principally celebrated in chronic catarrh, gleets, and the fluor albus, and ex- ternally as a vulnerary. The dose of this medicine rarely ex- ceeds 20 or 30 drops, though some authors direct 60 or upwards. It may be conveniently taken in the form of an emulsion, into which it may be reduced by triturating it with oil of almonds, with a thick mucilage of gum-arabic, or with the yolk of eggs, till they are well incorporated, and then gradually adding a proper quan- tity of water. Jacquin's Balsam of Capevi tree. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 5 C. BijuoA (Hayne, 1. c.) leaves with 2 pairs of incurved, oval, bluntly-acuminated, unequal-sided leaflets, which are full of pellucid dots, h . S. Native of Brazil. Hayne, pi. offic. t. 16. T/tio-^joircrf-leafletted Balsam of Capevi-tree. Tree 30 to 10 feet. 6 C. MULTiJUGA (Hayne, I.e.) leaves with 6-10 pairs of some- what incurved, unequal-sided leaflets, ending each in a long api- culated acumen, lower ones ovate-oblong, upper ones lanceolate, all full of pellucid dots, fj . S. Native of Brazil. Hayne, pi. offic. t. 17. f. c. Manij-paired-\cViRQUc^. S. Native of Brazil, near Rio Janeiro, in hedges. Young branches, calyxes, peduncles, and petioles clothed with rusty tomentum. Snia/l-s]}ikcd Scluiella. Shrub cl. 2 S. MACROSTA CHYA (Raddi, 1. c. f. 4.) lobes of leaves ovate- roundish ; flowers in spikes ; spikes axillary and terminal, very long. fj . ^. S. Native of Brazil, about Rio Janeiro, on the high mountains. Loitg-.sjiikcd Schnella. Siirub cl. 3 S. smila'cina ; climbing; branches cirrhiferous; leaves undivided, ovate, acuminated, 5-nerved, glabrous ; racemes spi- cate, elongated. h • \y S. Native of Brazil. Caulotrepus smil^cinus, Schott, in Spreng. syst. append, p. 406. Smllax-Wke Schnella. Shrub cl. Cult. For culture and propagation see Bauhlnia. CCXCII. BAUHI'NIA (named by Plumier in memory of the two famous botanists of the 16th century, John and Caspar Bauhin, brothers ; the leaves being simple but 2-lobed, which circumstance, it is said, gave occasion to Plumier to name this genus from the two brothers). Plum. gen. t. 13. Lin. gen. no. 511. Lam. ill. t. 329. D. C. legum. mem. xiii. prod. 2. p. 512. Lin. SYST. DecAndria, Monogijnia. Sepals 5, irregularly con- nected together into a 5-cleft calyx, or cleft laterally, membranous. Petals 5, spreading, oblong, rather unequal, upper one usually distant from the rest. Stamens 10, sometimes 9 of which are sterile and nionadeiphous (f. 58. c), and the tenth loose and fertile (f. 58. e.), sometimes all are monadelphous at the base, with all or only 5 or 3 of them fertile; the rest sterile. Ovary long, pedicellate. Legume 1 -celled, 2-valved, many-seeded. Seeds compressed, oval, with the endopleura tumid. Embryo straight, with an ovate radicle, and flat cotyledons. — Shrubs, with 2-lobed leaves, constantly composed of 2-joined leaflets at the top of the petiole, sometimes nearly altogetiier free, some- times nearly joined together to the apex, but usually joined to- gether more or less, and with an awn in the recess. Flowers disposed in racemes. FIG. 58. Sect. I. Caspa'ria (in memory of Caspar Bauhin, see genus). Kuntii, ann. sc. nat. 1. p. 85. nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 317. D. C. prod. 2. p. 512. — Bauliinia, Cav. but not of Kiuith. Stamens 10, of wliicli 9 are monadelphous, short, and sterile (f 58. c), the tenth one long and antheriferous, and almost free from the rest. Ovary stipitate. Racemes terminal, simple, leafless. 1 B. divarica'ta (Lin. spec. 535.) leaves obtuse at the base; leaflets hardly connected to the middle, free parts oblong, acute, 2-nerved, diverging; petals lanceolate. Ij . S. Native of South America. Lin. hort. cliff", p. 156. t. 15. Flowers white. Z)/i'or«Y;l(it'tsilifjua, Perr. in litt. Stamens 10, free, 8 of which are antheriferous. Petals nearly equal. Ovary stipitate. Legume twice the breadth of that of B. jiurpurea. Jielicul(ited-\ea\t;A Mountain-ebony. Shrub. 34 B. oDORATi'ssiMA (Newm. mss. in herb. Lamb.) leaves broad, cordate ; leaflets connected to the middle, 4-nerved, acu- minated, coriaceous ; racemes long, terminal. ^. S. Native of Maranhani. Flowers large, very sweet-scented. lenj-swect-scented Mountain-ebony. Shrub. Sect. III. Symphyopoda (from avfKJivu), symphyo, to glue together, and ttovq ttococ, pons podos, a foot ; in reference to the foot or stipe of the ovary). D. C. le^um. mem. xiii. prod. 2. p. 515. Stamens monadelplious at the base, 3 fertile ones very long, the rest small, sterile, or almost abortive. Ovary stipitate, the stipe adhering to the tube of the calyx. Branches terete. 35 B. RAcEMOsA (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 56. t. 62.) branches te- rete ; leaves cordate at the base, clothed with silky villi beneath as well as on the pedimcles, petioles, branches, calyxes, and petals; leaflets broadly ovate, obtuse, connected to the middle, 5-nervcd, rather diverging at the apex ; racemes somewhat corymbose ; petals obovate, obtuse ; flowers triandrous. fj . ^. S. Native of the East Indies. 7?flc«no«e-flowered Mountain-ebony. Clt. 1790. Shrub cl. 36 B. TRiANDRA (Roxb. Iiort. beng. p. 31.) leaves roundish, glabrous ; leaflets joined to the middle, 4-nerved ; racemes ax- illary and terminal ; legume stipitate, pubescent. 1; . .S. Na- tive of the East Indies. Flowers white. Stamens 3, antheri- ferous. (v. s. herb. Lamb.) Triandrous Mountain-ebony. Clt. 1823. Shrub. 37 B. purpurea (Lin. spec. 536.) branches terete ; leaves cordate at the base, cori.iceous, when young they are clothed with rufous tomentum, but at length becoming glabrous ; leaflets connected much above the middle, broadly ovate, obtuse, 4- nerved ; petals lanceolate, acute. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies and the island of Timor. — Rlieed. mal. 1. t. 33. Petals red, one of them streaked with white on the claw. Legume linear, straight, a foot Ioult, apiculatcd at one end by the style and at the other by the stipe. PHr;)/f-flowered Mountain-ebony. Clt. 1778. Tree. 38 B. retl'sa (Ro.xb. hort. beng. p. 31. but not of Poir.) branches terete ; leaves cordate at the base, and emarginately refuse at the apex, coriaceous, glabrous ; leaflets connected nearly to the apex, 5-nerved, broadly semi-ovate ; panicle loose, terminal ; stamens 3, antheriferous, the rest wanting. ^ . S. Native of Bengal. Flowers white. Petals ovate, unguiculate, 3-4 lines long. yje/Hse-leaved Mountain-ebony. Clt. 1820. Shrub. 39 B. Coromandel:.i"na (D. C. prod. 2. p. 515.) branches terete ; leaves glabrous, cordate at the base ; leaflets semi-oval, obtuse, parallel, coimected to the middle, 4-ncrved ; raceme pubescent ; peials ovate-lanceolate, acute ; stamens 3, very long and antheriferous, the rest short and bristle-formed. H . S. Native of India, near Pondicherry. Curvmandcl Mountain-ebony. Tree. 40 B. coRYMBosA (Roxb. Iiort. beng. p. 31.) branches terete, cirrhiferous : leaflets cordate at the base, the nerves on the under surface as well as the petioles, branches, and calyxes clothed 462 LEGUMINOSiE. CCXCII. Bauiunia. with rufous villi ; leaflets semi-oval, obtuse, parallel, connected to the middle, 3-nerved ; stamens 3 ; petals ovate, siipitate. Ij . ^. S. Native of China and the East Indies. D. C. legum. mem. xiii. t. 70. B. scandens, Burm. fl. ind. 94. Flowers white. Corymioie-flowered Mountain-ebony. Clt. 1818. Shrub cl. 41 B. Po TTsii ; leaves glabrous, roundish, cordate, 11-nerved; lobes obtuse ; racemes terminal, corymbose ; legumes clothed with rusty silky hairs, ending in a long tail ; calyx cleft longi- tudinally above. b . S. Native of Pulo Penang. Potts, (v. s. herb. Lamb.) Pults'a Mountain-ebony. Shrub. Sect. IV. Pha'nera (from (puvtpciQ, phancros, manifest ; from the corolla and calyx spreading much). Lour. coch. p. 37. D. C. prod. 2. p. 516. Stamens 10, somewhat monadelphous at the base, 3 of which are very long and fertile, and 7 small and sterile. Ovary on a short stipe. Branches and stems com- pressed, climbing. 42 B. angui'na (Roxb. cor. 3. p. 82. t. 285.) stem climbing, regularly flexuous, compressed, cirrhiferous ; leaves glabrous, cordate ; leaflets 3-nerved, in the younger plants they are con- nected to the middle and very much acuminated, in the adult jjlants they are connected almost to the apex, and ending in a short acumen ; panicle terminal, (j , ^. S. Native of Malabar, Silhet, and Chittagong. — Rheed. mal. 8. t. 30 and 31. B. scan- dens, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 374, exclusive of the synonyme of Rumph. Flowers small, white. Legume 1-2-seeded. Calyx urceolate, bluntly 5-cleft, girding the alabastrum of corolla like a cup before expansion. (scofo!;ref/-leaved Velvet- tamarind. Tree 14 to 20 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Copaifera, p. 456. CCCI. VATA'IREA (meaning not explained). Aubl. guian. 2. p. 755. t. 302. D. C. prod. 2. p. 521. Lin. SYST. unknown. Flowers unknown. Legume coriaceous, rovmdish, compressed, ferruginous, wrinkled on one side, with membranous margins, 1-celled, indehiscent. Seed large, round- ish, flattened. Embryo straight. — A tree, with impari-pinnate leaves, alternate, oval, glabrous, stiflP leaflets, which are cinereous on the under surface. This genus is analogous to Pterocdrpus from its fruit, but differs in the embryo being straight. 1 V. Guiane'nsis (Aubl. 1. c.) T? . S. Native of Guiana, on the banks of rivers. The tree is called Graine a d'artre. Guiana Vatairea. Tree 50 feet. Cult. See Copaifera for culture and propagation, p. 456. Tribe XI. DETARIE'jE (plants agreeing with Detdrium in important characters). D. C. legum. mem. xiii. prod. 2. p. 521. Calyx 4-lobed, globose before expansion ; lobes valvate. Petals want- ing. Stamens 10-25, perigynous, nearly free. Legume fleshy. Cotyledons thick. — African trees, with impari-iiinnate leaves. This tribe agrees with Sivartziece in the calyx, but with Cassiece in the rest of the characters. It comes very near to the order Amygdalacece in the drupaceous fruit, and the icosandrous flowers. CCCII. DETA'RIUM (Dctar is the name of the tree in Senegal). Juss. gen. 3(>5. D. C. prod. 2. p. 521. LiN. SYST. Dccdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-cleft ; lobes val- vate before expansion. Alabastrum globose. Petals wanting. Stamens 10 ; filaments distinct, alternate ones shortest. Ovary 30 466 LEGUMINOSiE. CCCIII. Cordyla. CCCIV. Cruminium. CCCV. Phyllolobium. CCCVI. Amphinomia, &c. globose, hispid. Style and stigma one. Drupe orbicular, thick, soft, farinaceous, containing a large, hard, orbicular, compressed, nut, smooth on the sutures, reticulated with interwoven fibres in the valves, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed large, smooth, compres- sed, blackish, exalbuminous. Embryo straight, with thick, trans- versely oval cotyledons, a short radicle, and an ovate plumule. — A tree, with alternate and impari-pinnate leaves, ovate obtuse glabrous leaflets, which are velvety beneath. Racemes axillary, branched, shorter than the leaves. 1 D. Senegale'nse (Gmel. syst. 3. p. 700.) Ij . S. Native of Senegal and Gambia. Senegal Detarium. Tree 40 feet. Cult. See Cofmfera for cultui-e and propagation, p. 456. CCCIII. CORDY'LA (from KopBvXi], kordyle, a club ; shape of calyx before expansion). Lour. coch. p. 500. D. C. prod. 2. p. 521. — Cordylia, Pers. ench. 2. p. 260. Lin. syst. Icosandria, Moiiog7/nia. Calyx campanulate, 4- cleft, pear-shaped before expansion; lobes acute, valvate in aesti- vation. Corolla none. Stamens 30-35, subulate, rather mona- delphous at the very base. Ovary stipitate, ovate, acute. Style short. Legume stipitate, 1-celled, many-seeded. Seeds 6, ovate. — A tree, with impari-pinnate leaves, bearing 19-21 oblong, emarginate, glabrous leaflets, and axillary racemes of flowers, which are much shorter than the leaves. Stamens long, cop- per-coloured. Berry edible. This genus comes very near De- tarium. 1 C. Africa'na (Lour. 1. c.) Jj . S. Native of the eastern coast of Africa. African Cordyla. Tree 40 to 50 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Copatfera, p. iSQ. -\ Genera belonging to Legtiminusce, but are not sufficiently known, and are therefore not received among the tribes. CCCIV. CRUMI'NIUM (meaning not explained). Desv. obs. ' legum. in Schlecht. Linnaja. 2. p. 512. Lin. syst. unknown. Calyx cup-shaped, truncate. Petals and stamens unknown. Legume compressed, flat, many-seeded, margined on both sides. 1 C. giga'nteum (Desv. 1. c.) Fj . ? S. Giant Cruminium. Tree ? Cult. See Cojiafera for culture and propagation, p. 456. CCCV. PHYLLOLO^BIUM (from fvXkoy, phyllon, a leaf, and Xoftoc, lobos, a pod ; in reference to the flat membranous pods). Fisch. in Spreng. nov. prov. 33. D. C. prod. 2. p. 521. Lin. syst unknown. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft; teeth equal, subulate. Corolla papilionaceous ; the vcxillum a little lander than the rest of the petals. Legume turgid, compressed at the sutures, falcate, 6-10-seeded, 2-valved, opening only at one of the sutures. — A flexuous herb, beset with adpressed pubescence, with impari-pinnate leaves, bearing C pairs of oval glabrous leaflets. Racemes axillary, usually 6-flowered. Bracteas linear, shorter than the pedicels. Flowers greyish white. According to Spreiigcl this genus is allied to Cajanus and Rudolphia, but according to Link it is allied to Indigofera and Tcphrosia. 1 P. Chine'nse (Fisch. 1. c.) 1/ . S. Native of China. China Phyllolobium. PI. 2 C. Zanzibare'nse (Boger. mss.) % . S. Native of Zan- guebar. .Zn«g-wc6«r Phyllolobium. Clt. 1826. PI.? Cult. A mixture of peat and sand will suit the species of this genus, and cuttings will root in the same kind of eartli, with a hand-glass placed over them in heat. CCCVI. AMPHINO'MIA (from a^(^i, amjM, around, and vofxac, nomas, order; flowers regular?). D. C. legum. mem. xiv. prod. 2. p. 522. — Hermannia spec. Lin. — Connaris species, Thunb. LiN. SYST. Monadelphia, Decdndria. Calyx ovate, ventricose, permanent, 5-cleft ; segments lanceolate, spreading. Petals 5, unguiculate, spatulate. Filaments 10, monadelphous at the base ; anthers minute. Ovary ovate, rugose. Style one, lateral, fili- form, simple, obtuse. Legume roundish, crowned by the style, muricated, 1-celled, 2-valved ; valves concave. Seeds nume- rous, fixed to the superior suture, many of which are abortive, and one of them roundish-reniform. — A decumbent hairy herb, with ovate stipulas, trifoliate leaves, obovate leaflets, and axillary and terminal peduncles, each bearing 3-4 bracteate flowers at the top. The description is taken from the figure of Thunb. 1 A. decu'mbens (D. C. 1. c.) %.. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Hermannia triphy'lla, Lin. amoen. 6. p. 91. but not of Cav. Connaris decunibens, Thunb, in Roem. arch. 1. p. 1. t. 1. Decumbent Amphinomia. PI. decumbent. Cult. A mixture of loam and peat will suit this plant, and cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass. CCCVII. SARCO^DUM (from aapKwcr^Q, sarcodes, fleshy; legume). Lour. coch. p. 462. D. C. prod. 2. p. 522. Sarcodium, Pers. ench. no. 1752. Lin. SYST. Diadelphia, Decdndria. Calyx cup-shaped, trun- cate at the apex above, but acutely 3-toothed on the lower side. Vexillum ovate, ascending ; wings oblong, short, flat ; keel fal- cate. Stamens diadelphous. Legume fleshy, terete, equal, many-seeded. — A climbing unarmed shrub, with pinnate leaves, bearing many pairs of woolly leaflets. Spikes terminal. Flowers rose-coloured. 1 S. sca'ndens (Lour. 1. c.) h . G. Native of Cochin-china, in woods. Leaves perhaps abruptly or perhaps impari-pinnate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminated. Climbing Sarcodum. • Shrub cl. Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit this shrub, and ripened cuttings will root if planted in sand, with a hand- glass placed over them. CCCVII I. VARE'NNEA (named by De Candolle to recall the useful works of M. Varcnne de Fenille on agriculture, and vege- table physiology). D. C. legum. mem. xiv. prod. 2. p. 522. — Viborquia, Orteg. dec. 5. p. 66. t. 9. but not of Thunb. nor Mcench, nor Roth. Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Decdndria. Calyx tubularly cam- panulate, permanent, 5-toothed, the 2 superior teeth the broadest. Petals 5, disposed in a sub-papilionaceous manner, having the vexillum cuneiform and emarginate ; wings spatulate and falcate, and the carina of 2 spatulate petals, which are concave above. Stamens 10, monadelphous, with the sheath cleft in front (ex Ortega), diadelphous, the tenth one free (ex icon. fl. mex. ined.) Ovary oblong. Style filiform, subulate. Stigma capitate. Le- gume oblong, compressed, flat, rather falcate, 1-seeded. Seed fixed to the top of the legume, oblong-reniform. — A shrub, with impari-pinnate leaves, l)earing many pairs of ovate, entire, sti- pellate leaflets, the odd or terminal one obcordate, but often deficient. Racemes numerous, spicate, disposed in a panicle. Flowers small, white. The place which this genus should occupy in the order is uncertain. It is said to be allied to A'?*- solia and Pterocdrpus. 1 V. polysta'chya (D. C. prod. 2. p. 522.) I7 . S. Native of Mexico. Viborquia polystachyn, Orteg. 1. c. Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Leaves with about 20 pairs of leaflets. Flowers about 30, in a raceme. LEGUMINOS^. CCCIX. Crapoiidia. CCCX. Ammodendron. CCCXI. Lacara. CCCXII. Harpalyce, &c. 467 Many-spiked Varcnnea. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. Cult. See Sarcodum for culture and propagation, p. 466. CCCIX. CRAFO'RDIA (named apparently after some bota- nist or liorticulturist of the name of Craford). Rafin. spech. 1. p. 159. D. C. prod. 2. p. 522. Lin. syst. Diadi-lpliia, Decdiidria. Calyx campanulate, 5- cleft ; segments nearly etpial. Corolla papilionaceous, with a large refle.xed vexilluni, adpressed wings, which are auricled at the base, and an obtuse keel, which is longer than the wings. Stamens 10, diadolplious. Ovary linear. Style filiform ; stigma dot-formed, glabrous. Legume usually 2-seeded, linear, toru- lose, striated. Seed oblong-rcniform. — A twining plant, with impari-pinnate leaves ; leaflets oblong, mucronate, sessile. Pe- duncles longer than the leaves, somewhat spicate ; bracteas sca- rious, subulate, permanent, ciliated. Flowers white. This genus is allied to Galega and Colutca according to the author, but from both and from Tejthrdsia it differs in the 2-seeded legume. 1 C. bractea'ta (Rafin. 1. c.) 2/ . F. Native of Pennsylvania, on the banks of the river Susquehannah. Bracleate Crafordia. PI. tw. Cull. Peat or vegetable earth is a good soil for this plant, and cuttings will be easily rooted. CCCX. AMMODE'NDRON {from a^iiAo<;,ammos, sand, and f£r?poi', dendron, a tree ; habitation of the shrub). Fisch. in D. C. legum. mem. xvi. prod. 2. p. 528. Led. fl. alt. 2. p. 110. Lin. svst. Decandr'ia, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft, sub-bila- biate, permanent, at length reflexed. Corolla papilionaceous ; wings and dipetalous keel equal and connivent. Stamens 10, distinct. Legume flat, membranous, 1 -seeded from abortion, marginated by a wing, samaroid. Seed reniforni, compressed. — .\ small, neat, silky shrub, having the petioles hardening into spines. Leaves bifoliate ; leaflets lanceolate. Flowers purple, disposed in racemes. This genus is closely allied to Halimo- dendron, which genus it ought to have followed in the body of the order. 1 A. Sieve'rsii (Fisch. 1. c.) f} ■ H. Native of Siberia, in salt fields in the desert of Soongaria, and at the river Bekun. Leaflets lanceolate, silky white on both surfaces. .Sophora argen- tea. Pall. act. petrop. 1792. p. 373. t. 8. Podalyria argentea, Willd. spec. 2. p. 502. — Sophora bifolia, Pall. astr. p. 124. t. 91. Robinia argentea, Sievers. Sievers's Sand-tree. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. Cull. For culture and propagation see Halimodendion, p. 244. CCCXL LACA'R.\ (meaning unknown). Spreng. neue entd. 3. p. 56. D. C. prod. 2. p. 528. LiM. sYsT. Decandria, Moiiogtjnia. Calyx campanulate, 5- toothed. Petals 5, unequal, unguiculate, nerved, concave. Sta- mens 10, free, inserted in the bottom of the calyx, pilose at the base, longer than the petals. Anthers versatile. Capsule ? pilose. — A shrub, with alternate, sivnple, quite entire, petiolate, coriaceous, unequal, triple-nerved leaves, and axillary racemes of flowers. The fruit of this genus is unknown. 1 L. tripline'rvia (Spreng. 1. c.) t; . S. Native of Brazil. Leaves a span long, and a hand in breadth. Triple-nerved Lacara. Shrub. Cull. For culture and propagation see Coj)aifera, p. 456. CCCXIIL HARPA'LYCE (from Harpalyce in mythology, the daughter of Clymenus, remarkable for her beauty; in refer- ence to the beauty of the plant). Moc. et Sesse, fl. raex. icon, ined. ex D. C. prod. 2. p. 528. Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Decandria. Calyx bilabiate, deci- duous, bibracteolate at the base, both lips lanceolate, acuminated, and entire. Corolla papilionaceous, with an obovate vexillum, auricled wings, and a 2-edged, elongated, acuminated, rather twisted keel. Stamens 10, monadelphous. Style filiform, in- curved with the carina. Legume compressed, flat, narrow at the base, ovate-oblong at the apex, 4-5-seeded, mucronate by the style. — -An erect lierl), suffrutescent at the base, with impari- pinnate leaves, and axillary peduncles, which are longer than the leaves, bearing racemes of large red flowers. This genus ap- pears to be allied to Phaseolus from the bibracteolate calyx, and the incurved carina, but differs particularly from that genus in the leaves being impari-pinnate, but in consequence of the le- gume being 2-seeded, and the leaves being impari-pinnate, the genus is probably allied to Astragalus, but the calyx is very distinct. 1 H. FORMOSA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 523.) (j . S. Native of New Spain, in the hot regions. Astragalus carnosus, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. Shemy Harpalyce. PI. 1 foot. Cult. F'or culture and propagation see Hoffmanseggia, p. 433. CCCXIIL DIPLOPRION(from ti,r\oog, diploos, double, and Trpiwi', jirion, a saw ; in reference to the legume being ser- rated on all sides). Viv. fl. lib. p. 48. t. 19. f. 2. D. C. prod. 2. p. 523. Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Decandria. Calyx tubular, 5-tootli- ed. Corolla papilionaceous. Filaments 10, connected. Le- gume 1 -celled, flat, many-seeded, spirally involute, serrated on both margins. — An annual hairy herb, 2-3 inches long, with pe- tiolate trifoliate leaves, ovate lanceolate stipulas, and axillary peduncles, bearing each a head of yellow flowers. This genus is allied to Mediciigo according to the habit, but from the legume it appears to be more nearly allied to Biserrula, but it is not sufficiently known. 1 D. MEDicAGiNoiDES (Viv. 1. c.) ©. H. Native of Libya, in the great Syrtis, in fields. Medick-lihe Diploprion. PI. 2 to 3 inches. Cult. The seeds of this plant only require to be sown in the open border in a dry warm situation. CCCXI V. RIVE'RIA (in honour of Manano de Rivero, direc- tor of the government mines of Columbia ; native of Arequipa, in Peru). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 266. D. C. prod. 2. p. 524. Lin. syst. unknown. Flowers unknown. Legume stipitate, obliquely-elliptic, compressed, mucronate, chartaceous, 2-valved, 1 -seeded. Seed oblong-reniform, fixed to the lower part of the pod, covered with friable white substance. Cotyledons thick. Radicle small, situated beneath the apex of the embryo, pointing to the liottom. — An unarmed tree, with impari-pinnate leaves, bearing 1-3 pairs of coriaceous leaflets, having the petiole winged. Peduncles usually terminal. Perhaps this genus belongs to tribe Geoffrece, near Andlra, or perhaps to tribe Cassiece, near Co- j>aijera. 1 R. NiTENs (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 26G. t. 659.) l^. S. Native of South America, near Jaen de Braca- moros. Shining Riveria. Tree. Cull. See Cojiaifera for culture and propagation, p. 456. •f t Additional genera. CCCXV. DO'NIA (to the memory of the late Mr. George Don, of Forfar, whose numerous discoveries have so eminently enriched the Flora of his native land). G. and D. Don, mss, in herb. Lamb, but not of R. Brown nor Pursh. LiN. SYST. Diade/phia, Decandria. Calyx campanulate, 5- toothed or 5-cleft. Corolla jiapilionaceous. Vexillum ovate- lanceolate, acuminate, rather shorter than the keel, reflexed ; 468 LEGUMINOSiE. CCCXV. Donia. CCCXVI. Megastegia. CCCXVII, Sepjpira. wings lanceolate, acuminate, spreading, half the length of the keel, which is cymbiform, and composed of one petal. Stamens 10, diadelphous, one of which is separate from tlie rest ; anthers incumbent. Style long, filiform ; stigma truncate. Legume ob- long, swollen, coriaceous, 1 -celled. Seeds many, reniform, dis- posed in 2 rows, attached by a funicle to the lower suture — Procumbent, herbaceous, perennial herbs or subshrubs, with impari-pinnate leaves, and foli.-iceous, adnate permanent stipulas. Flowers large, crimson, about 2 inches long, disposed in umbels or racemes. 1 D. puNi'cEA ; suffruticose, minutely pubescent ; leaflets alternate, oblong, retuse, coriaceous ; flowers racemose ; calyx 5-toothed ; legumes smooth. Tj . G. Native of New Zealand, where it was first discovered by Sir Joseph Bankes and Dr. So- lander, who gave it the name of Clianthus jmniceus. Flowers large, crimson. (S'e«r?e/-flowered Donia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 2 D. sPECiosA ; herbaceous, very villous; leaflets opposite, lanceolate, acute ; flowers lunbellate ; calyx S-cleft ; legume silky, i;. G. Native of New Holland, at Regent's Lake. Flowers large, crimson. Showy Donia. PI. procumbent. 3 D. FORMOSA ; plant herbaceous, very villous ; leaflets oppo- site, obovate ; flowers racemose; calyx 5 -cleft; legume silky. 11 . G. Native of the North-west coast of New Holland, at the Curlew river. Capt. King. Beautiful Donia. PI. procumbent. Cult. Elegant plants, resembling the Sulherldndia frutescens, when in bloom, their flowers being large, and of a crimson colour. Should ever any of the species be introduced to our gardens, we would recommend their being grown in an equal mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and cuttings will no doubt strike root in the same kind of soil, under a bell-glass. CCCXVL MEGASTE'GIA (from fieyaq, megas, large, and areyoQ, stegon, a covering ; in reference to the large bracteas, which enclose the flower before expansion). Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Dccandna. Bracteas 2, large, inclosing the flower before expansion. Calyx bilabiate, upper lip bifid, lower one trifid. Corolla papilionaceous, not much longer tlian the calyx. Stamens 10, monadelphous ? Legume unknown. — A herbaceous plant, densely clothed in every part with fus- cous hairs. Leaves with 10-12 pairs of ovate acuminated leaf- lets. Pedicels elongated, 1 -flowered, solitary or twin, axillary. Flowers large, red or purple. 1 M. SPECIOSA. %.G. Native of Mexico. Pavon, Astra- galus ammodytes, Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb. Perhaps the same genus as Harpdlyce. Shewy Megastegia. PI. 1 to 2 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Hoffmanseggia, p. 433. CCCXVIL SEBI'PIRA (meaning unknown.) Mart. reis. bras, ex Schlecht. Linnjea. 5. p. 44. Lin. syst. Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, cylin- drical, somewhat equally 5-toothed. Corolla of 5 petals, dis- posed in a somewhat papilionaceous manner ; petals erect, un- guiculate, flat, crenulated, having the vexillum almost quadrate, shorter than the wings and petals of the keel. Stamens 10, free ; anthers globose. Stigma capitate. Legume compressed, linear, membranous, 1-celled, many-seeded, winged on one side. Seeds obovate. Embryo straight. This genus belongs to Tribe Cassicce, and ought perhaps to follow Copaifera, p. 455. of the present volume. 1 S. ma'jor (Mart. 1 c.) leaves pinnate, with many pairs of alternate, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse leaflets, which are glaucous beneath and hoary ; panicle of flowers spreading. Vi . S. Na- tive of Brazil. Larger Sebipira. Shrub or tree. Cult. See Coi^aifcra for culture and propagation, p. 456. "I" Additional Leguminous plants. Tribe I. Sophorece, p. 108. 1 Baptisia minor (Lehm. in nov. act. bonn. 14. p. 803. and p. 113. no. 8. of the present volume,) stem erect, solid; leaflets rhomboid-lanceolate ; stipulas lanceolate, longer than the pe- tioles ; racemes axillary, bracteate ; bracteas cordate, lanceolate, lower ones permanent; vexillum entire. %. H. Native of North America. Baptisia australis, Hortul. Plant glaucous and pruinose. Flowers blue. This plant differs from the true B. australis in the stem being solid and always smaller, in the lower bracteas being permanent, and lastly in the vexillum being entire, which in B. australis is appendiculate at the base. Smaller Baptisia. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 2 GoMPHOLOBiUM Knightea'num (Liudl. bot. reg. 1468.) leaves ternate and pinnate ; leaflets roundish-obovate, ovate, and linear, mucronate, and glabrous ; cymes terminal, pedunculate, length of the leaves. \^.G. Native of New Holland. Flowers rose-coloured. Leaflets variable in shape. A«;g/j('.j Gompholobium. Fl. July, Aug. Cit. 1831. Sh. 1 ft. lYibe IL Lotece. Suhlrihe \. Genistece, p. 126. 3 Crota'laria bupleurifolia (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnsea. 5. p. 575.) pubescent ; stem angularly winged, dichotomously branched ; leaves on short petioles, ovate-elliptic, obtuse at both ends, and mucronate ; flowers usually twin, pedunculate, near the base of the branches ; bracteas rather joined, opposite, sti- pula-formed, decurrent, hastately acuminated at the apex. ©. S. Native of Mexico, near Hacienda de la Laguna. Flowers blue, rather smaller than those of C. verrucosa. Lin. p. 134. no. 12. of the present volume, and to which it is nearly allied. Bupleurum-leaved Crotalaria. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 4 Crota'laria bracte.i'ta (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnaea. 5. p. 575.) plant exstipulate ; leaves sessile, oblong, obtuse, mu- cronate, attenuated at the base, clothed with yellowish tomentum beneath, as well as on the branches and calyxes ; branches terete ; racemes elongated, opposite the leaves, or somewhat terminal on long peduncles ; peduncles bracteate ; corolla equal in length to the calyx ; calycine segments linear, elongated, acuminated, and very acute ; legumes glabrous, rather clavate, many-seeded. 0. S. Native of Mexico, at Hacienda de la Laguna. Flowers propped by bracteas on short pedicels. Corolla flesh-coloured. This species comes nearly to C. Paulinia, p. 136. no. 25. of the present volume. ZJ?flcto<cent, nearly terete, erect, arched, reticulately veined. ©. H. Native of Persia, on the mountains of Talusah, near Swant. To follow T. Mons- jtel'taca, Lin. p. 175. no. 20. of tlie present volume. y^rc/icrf-podded Trigonella. PI. diffuse. 11 Trigone'lla mona'ntha (Meyer, verz. pfl. p. 137.) plant diffuse, puberulous ; leaflets obovate, and are as well as the semi-sagittate stipulas toothed or cut ; legumes axillary, soli- tary, sessile, elongated, terete, straightish, reticulately veined. ©. H. Native of Persia, near Lenkeran and Swant. To fol- low T. prostriita, p. 171. no. 7- of the present volume. One-Jlorvercd Fenu-Greek. PI. ditt'use. 12 Trigone'lla Mexic.Vna; stem erect, leaflets obovate, cuneiform, obcordate, sharply toothed at the apex ; stipulas lan- ceolate, subulate, ciliated ; racemes pedunculate ; legumes reti- culated, mucronate, rather falcate, many-seeded. ©. H. Na- tive of Mexico. Flowers white or yellow. To follow T. striata, Lin. p. 174. no. 11. of the present volume. Mexican Trigonella. PI. ^ to 1 foot. 13 Trifolium spinulosum (Dougl. mss. Hook, fl. bor. amer. 133.) prostrate, glabrous ; leaflets oblong, acute at l)oth ends, spinulously denticulated, and terminating in a stiff spine ; sti- pulas ovate, acuminated, shining, serrated ; involucrum 1 -leaved, laciniately multifid ; heads of flowers globose, longer than the involucrum ; calycine teeth narrow-subulate, pungent, straight, a little shorter than the corolla. %. H. Native of North- west America, very common near springs in the valleys between Spokan and Kettle Falls. This species is allied to T.Jimhriatum, Lindl. p. 185. no. 53. of the present volume, but is suHiciently distinct. Tlie vexillum and wings are shorter and more acute, the flowers smaller, white, the keel and wings tipped with a fine purple, and the whole plant more slender. This plant might prove perhaps very useful as a clover, the herbage forming a dense, short sward. It is extremely nutritive, and preferred to every thing else by deer and horses in its native country. iSjjraif^osc-toothed Trefoil. PI. prostrate. 14 Trifolium i'olyphy'llum (Meyer, verz. pfl. p. 139.) quite glabrous ; leaves radical, petiolate ; leaflets 7-9, nearly linear, serrulated ; stipulas subulate ; scape naked ; flowers um- bellate, becoming at length reflexed ; corolla twice the length of the calyx ; calycine teeth nearly equal, subulate ; ovary biovu- late. If.. H. Native of the western region of Caucasus, at the height of 3600 or 4300 feet. Allied to T. alpinum, Lin. p. 192. no. 131. of the present volume. Mamj-lcaflcllcd Trefoil. PI. i to f foot. 15 Lotus austra lis (Andr. hot. rep. 624.) stem pilose, her- baceous, and i)erhaps procumbent ; leaflets and stipulas about equal in size, obovate-lanceolate ; peduncles elongated ; flowers 3-6, disposed in racemose heads at the tops of the peduncles ; calycine segments longer than the tube ; stamens diadelphous, the alternate filaments of the 9 connected ones very dissimilar to the others. 1/ . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers large, showy, pink, or rose-coloured. Sims, hot. mag. 1365. This plant should follow L, Ardhicus, Lin. p. 197. no. 27. of the present voUune. Southern Bird's-foot Trefoil. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. PL ascending. 16 Hosa'ckia unifolia'ta (Hook, fl. bor. amer. 135.) plant decumbent, hairy, much branched ; leaves usually with 1 leaflet, rarely with 2 or 3, almost sessile ; leaflets oval, acute at both ends; stipulas obsolete; peduncles 1 -flowered, with 1 ovate bractea under the flower. ©. H. Native of North America, on the shores of the Columbia. Corolla yellow. This species approaches H. dcohnhens, Benth. in the size and shape of the leaflets and in the hairiness, but in its flowers to H. parviflbra, Benth. p. 200. no. 4. of the present volume. One-lcajletted Hosackia. PI. decumbent. Subtribe III. CUtbrice, p. 201. 17 Psora'lea i'hys6des (Dougl. mss. Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 136.) smoothish; leaves pinnately trifoliate, rarely with 5 leaflets ; leaflets broadly rhomboid-ovate, acute, mucronate, ob- scurely glandular, terminal one on a long petiole ; racemes pe- dunculate, loose, axillary, longer than the leaves ; calyx mucli inflated, hairy, hardly shorter than the corolla, with the teeth nearly equal. %. H. Native of North America, on the banks of streams, in open sandy, and gravelly soils, from the great fidls of the Columbia to the Rocky Mountains. Legumes glan- dular, 1-seeded. It is easily distinguished from the other species by its broader leaflets, as well as by its large inflated calyx, w'hich almost conceals the flower. The plant comes riearest to P. incaiia, Nutt. p. 203. no. 42. of the present volume. Bladdcr-ca.\y\cd Psoralea. PI. U foot. 18 Psora'lea ijraciiiata (Dougl. mss. Hook, fl. bor. aiuer. p. 137. t. 53.) stem erect, flexuous, a little br.anched, very villous; leaves palmately 5-foliate, clothed with adpressed hairs; leaflets elliptic ; peduncles axillary, elongated, longer ih.an the leaves ; racemes ol)long, spicate, rather loose ; bracteas and teeth of calyx leafy nrid lanceolate ; flowers erect. 11. F. Na- tive of North America, on the plains of the Saskatchawan, from Carlton House to Edmonton House. Root fusiform. Flowers 470 LEGUMINOS^. with a white vexillum and a blue keel, which is united to the wings. According to Mr. Douglas this is tlie Navel de Praire of Canadian voyagers and not the P. esculenta, Pursh, p. 203. no. 40. of the present volume, to which the present plant comes nearest. The roots, though stringy, dry, and tough, and con- taining but little farinaceous matter, are gathered and eaten by the Cree Indians raw, or sometimes roasted. Brachiate Psoralea. PI. 1 to 1^ foot. 19 Gly'cine involucra'ta (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 3. p. 22. t. 241.) branches filiform, long, twining, pilose; leaflets oval, ciliated ; racemes dense, axillary ; peduncles usually with 2 whorles of 3 roundish bracteas at the base. Tj . '^. G. Native of Nipaul, also in .Sirmore and Kamaon. Flowers white, tipped with pink. Involitcratcd-racemed Glycine. Shrub tw. Suhtribe IV. GalegecB, p. 222. 20 Petaloste'mon orna'tum (Dougl. mss. Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 138.) spikes of flowers oblong-cylindrical ; bracteas longer than the calyx, which is very villous ; leaves with 2-3 pairs of elliptic-oblong, glabrous leaflets. 1^ . F. Native of North-west America, frequent in the arid prairies near the Blue Mountains, of Lewis's River. Bracteas subulate, hairy. Co- rolla rose-coloured. This species comes near to P. carneum, Michx. p. 222. no. 2. of the present volume. Ornamented Petalostemon. Pl. 1 foot. 21 Caraga'na Bu'ngei (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 464.) leaves with 2-3 pairs of broad-elliptic, distant leaflets, which are cuneated at the base, but rounded and truncate at the apex, ending in a spine-like mucrone, rather silky on both sur- faces ; stipulas spreadingly recurved, spinescent, permanent ; petioles pungent, deciduous ; peduncles usually solitary, and are as well as the calyxes silky. Tj . H. Native of Altaia, in the desert called Kuriac, and near the river Tschuja. Led. fl. alt. 3. p. 264. Corolla yellow. To follow C. arborescens, p. 243. no. 3. of the present volume. Bunge's Caragana. Fl. June. Shrub 3 to 5 feet. Subtribe V. Astragalece, p. 247. 22 Pha'ca abbrevia'ta (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 330. fl. alt. 3. p. 268.) plant pilose when young, but when in an adult state smooth ; stems erect, simple ; stipulas lanceolate-linear, re- flexed, marcescent ; leaves with 21-23 oblong, niucronate leaf- lets, which are rounded at both ends ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; flowers numerous, disposed in a short raceme ; corolla hardly twice the length of the calyx ; legumes stipitate, compressed, when young densely clothed with pili. %. H. Native of Altaia, in subalpine places at the mouth of the river Abai. Flowers deep yellow. To follow P. alphia, Lin. p. 247. no. 3. of the present volume. Short-spiked Bastard-vetch. Fl. June, July. PI. 2 feet. 23 Pha'ca elonga'ta (Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 140.) stem erect, angular, pubescent, sparingly branched ; leaves with 8-10 pairs of oblong-cuneated, retuse leaflets, which are hoary be- neath ; stipulas small, acuminated, broad at the base, lower ones connected ; peduncles much longer than the leaves ; racemes elongated, loose ; calyxes silky ; legumes coriaceous, cylindri- cal, curved, sessile, acute. 1/. H. Native of North-west America, on the plains of the Saskatchawan. Flowers small, white, or cream-coloured, having the carina tipped with purple. There is a smaller variety of this plant with flexuous stems. This species follows P. arenaria, Pall. p. 248. no. 7. of the present volume. Elongated Bastard-vetch. PI. 1 to 1| foot. 21 PiiA'cA FLEXuosA (Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 141,) stem decumbent, flexuous, angular, sparingly branched ; leaves with 6-9 pairs of linear-oblong, obtuse leaflets, which are glabrous above, but clothed with adpressed pili beneath ; stipulas small, broad at the base, acuminated, lower ones connected ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; racemes elongated, loose ; calyxes rather silky ; legumes coriaceous, cylindrical, straight, sessile, acute. If.H. Native of North-west America, abun- dant on elevated and dry fertile soils of the Red River and As- sinaboin. Astragalus flexuosus, Dougl. mss. p. 256. no. 33. of the present volume. Flowers purple, very fragrant. This species follows P. Lapponica, p. 248. no. 14. of the present volume. Flexuous-siemxneA Bastard-vetch. PI. 1 foot. 25 Pha'ca collina (Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 141.). If. H. Native of North-west America, on the sub-alpine ranges of the Blue Mountains. Astragalus collinus, Dougl. mss. p. 256. no. 35. of the present volume. Corolla white, with a large purple spot on one of the petals. Stipulas oblong, leafy. The plant is remarkable for the linear leaflets. Hill Bastard-vetch. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 26 Pha'ca pectina'ta (Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 141. t. 54,). %. H. Native of North-west America, in the pastures of the Saskatchawan, and on the Red Deer and Eagle hills, bordering on that river. Flowers large, white. Astragalus pectinatus, Dougl. mss. p. 257. no. 53. of the present volume. Pectinatc-\ea\eA Bastard-vetch. PI. decumbent. 27 Pha'ca podoca'rpa (Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 142.) plant canescent, much branched, diffuse ; stems and branches striated ; leaves with 6-9 pairs of broad-linear, obtuse leaflets ; stipulas small, ovate, acuminated ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; racemes loose ; legumes oblong, coriaceous, compressed, clothed with appressed hairs, acuminated, tapering into a long stipe at the base, with thickened sutures. %. H. Native of North America, on dry, sandy, and barren grounds, at the great falls of the Columbia. Flowers middle-sized, white. This plant should follow P. arenaria, p. 248. no. 7. of the present volume. Foot-fruited Bastard-vetch. Fl. June, Aug. PI. 1 foot. 28 Pha'ca nigre'scens (Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 143.) clothed with obscure adpressed pili ; stems erect and decumbent, branched, striated; leaves with 8-10 pairs of oblong, obtuse leaflets, which are cuneated at the base ; racemes for the most part longer than the leaves ; stipulas small, ovate, acutish, connate at the base ; teeth of calyx a little shorter than the tube; legumes stipitate, oblong, membranous, compressed, gla- brous. %. H. Native of North America, along the Saska- chawan to the Rocky Mountains, and as far north as Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. Corolla white or cream- coloured. The present species should follow Phaca ccespitosa, Nutt. p. 248. no. 6. of the present volume. The stems are usually purplish. Blackish Bastard-vetch. PI. erect or decumbent. 29 PiiA^CA aboriginorum (Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 144.). 11. H. Native of North America, from Lake Winipeg to the Rocky Mountains, and as far north as Bear Lake in lat. 66°. Astragalus aboriginorum, Richards, p. 258. no. 61. of the pre- sent volume. Aboriginal Bastard-vetch. PI. 1 foot. SO Pha'ca glauriu'scula (Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 144.) plant glabrous, or with a few scattered hairs ; stem erect, nearly sim- ple, striated ; leaves with 5-6 pairs of linear-lanceolate, acutish leaflets ; stipulas ovate, acute, lower ones connate and larger ; legume on a ratlier long stipe, lanceolate, falcate, compressed, membranous, glabrous. 1/ . H. Native of North America, in the valleys of the Rocky Mountains. General aspect very simi- lar to the preceding species, of which it may only be a variety. Corolla white or bluish, with the keel dark blue. LEGUMINOSiE. 171 Smoothish Bastard-vetch. PI. 1 foot. 31 Pha'c.a e'legans (Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 1 1-1.) plant nearly glabrous ; stems branched, erect, or assurgent, angular ; leaves with 5-7 pairs of oblong, obtuse leaflets, which are cu- ncated at the base, glabrous above, but clothed with minute adpressed pili beneath ; stipulas ovate, acute, rather connate at the base ; racemes compact, on long peduncles, exceeding the leaves, but when in fruit much more elongated ; legumes sessile, elliptic, inflated, membranous, apiculated, clothed with black velvety down, 3-5-secdcd. 1/ . H. Native of North America, in the prairies of the Rocky Mountains. There is a smaller ascending variety with shorter racemes, which inhabits the sum- mits of the higher mountains. Leaves glaucous beneath. Flowers of a bright and deep purple. This species should follow P. Lapponica, p. 248. no. It. of the present volume. Elegant Bastard-vetcli. PI. I foot. .32 Pha'ca bisulca'ta (Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 145.) stems rather decumbent, smoothish ; leaves nearly sessile, with 11-13 pairs of elliptic leaflets, which are clothed with adpressed hairs beneath ; stipulas ovate, acute, free ; racemes pedunculate, very much elongated ; flowers nodding ; legumes pendulous, stipitate, linear-cylindrical, bisulcate, clothed with adpressed pubescence. 1/. H. Native of North America, on the plains of the Saskat- chawan. Flowers of a rich purple colour. This species should follow P. brachytropis, Stev. p. 248. no. 16. of the present volume. J?iiu/ca/e- podded Bastard-vetch. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. § 1. Acaules, p. 249. a Oxy'tropis foliolo'sa (Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 146.) stemless, and clothed with hoary villi ; leaves numerous ; leaflets approximate, ovate or ovate-oblong, acutish ; scapes pilose, longer than the leaves ; heads of flowers broadly ovate, small ; flowers crowded, spreading, lower ones reflexed ; bracteas linear- subulate, shorter than the calyx, which is beset with black hairs ; legumes remotish, deflexed, cylindrical, acute, beset with black hairs. %. H. Native of North America, from Carlton House to the Rocky Mountains. Petals bluish purple, their bases nearly white. This species is most nearly allied to 0. montana, D. C. p. 249. no. 1. of the present volume. Leafy Mountain Milk-vetch. PI. ^ foot. 34 Oxy'tropis argyrophy'lla (Led. fl. ross. all. ill. t. 54.) is 0. argijra^a, D. C. p. 249, no. 4. of the present volume. Silver-leaved Mountain Milk-vetch. 35 Oxy'tropis sulphu'rea (Led. fl. ross. atl. ill. t. 55. fl. atl. 3. p. 285.) nearly stemless ; leaflets numerous, lanceolate, when young silky ; petioles and scapes beset with spreading pili ; scapes a little longer than the leaves ; flowers horizontal, in dense spikes ; bracteas lanceolate-linear, about equal in length to the villous caly.x ; legumes erectly spreading, ovate-oblong, somewhat 2-celled, acuminated. %. H. Native of Altaia, near Riddersk. Corolla sulphur-coloured. To follow 0. ca- pi'stris, D. C. p. 251. no. 26. of the present volume. Sulpkur-coluured-Rov. ered Mountain Milk- vetch. PI. -j foot. 36 Oxy'tropis brevicau'lis (Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 288. fl. alt. 3. p. 284.) plant caulescent, erect, rather silky; stem short ; leaflets crowded ; stipulas adnate to the petioles, lanceo- late, acuminated, ciliated ; leaflets ovate-oblong ; peduncles twice the length of the leaves ; racemes at length elongated ; bracteas about h.alf the length of the calyx ; legumes cylindrical, erect, pubescent, 1-celled. 1/.. H. Native of Altaia, in the Soongarian desert, between mount Ku and Karkarala. Corolla violaceous. Plant tufted. To follow O. Sungarica, D. C. p. 250. no. 17. of the present volume. Short-stemmed Mountain Milk-vetch. Fl. Ju. Aug. PI. | ft. § 2. Vertkillares, p. 251. 37 Oxy'tropis piiysoca'rpa (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 381. fl. alt. 3. p. 272.) stem shrubby, branched ; leaves impari- pinnate ; leaflets verticillate in fours, oblong or linear, minute, with ciliated margins, and bearded towards the apex ; petioles usually permanent ; peduncles axillary, usually 3-flowered, ratlier shorter than the leaves, but at length elongated ; calyx rather villous ; legumes inflated, muricate, ending in a curved beak. 1; . H. Native of Altaia, on the tops of the alps at the river Tschuja. Corolla violaceous. To follow 0. murkata, p. 252. no. 41. of the present volume. Bladder-fruited Mountain Milk-vetch. Fl. June. Sh. dense. 38 O.XY TROPis subverticilla'ta (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 292. fl. alt. 3. p. 275.) stem shrubby, branched, very short ; leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets somewhat verticillate by pairs of fours, elliptic, silky on both surfaces ; petioles hardened, per- manent ; peduncles axillary, 3-flowered, shorter than the calyx, which is beset with spreading villi ; legumes pubescent. f; . H. Native of Altaia, in the Soongarian desert, between the moun- tains Kent and Ku. Corolla violaceous. To follow 0. miirt- cata, D. C. p. 252. no. 41. of the present volume. Subvcrticillate-lenved Mountain Milk-vetch. Fl. July, .Sept. .Shrub dwarf. § 3. TragacanlJwldece, p. 252. 39 Oxy'tropis polyphy'lla (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 277.) stem shrubby, much branched, short ; leaves impari-pin- nate ; leaflets 11-17, ovate-oblong, silky on both surfaces; petioles hardened, permanent ; spikes of flowers sub-capitate, axillary ; peduncles elongated, about equal in length to the leaves ; calyx clothed with white villi. ^ . H. Native of Altaia, on mountains near the river Tschuja. Corolla viola- ceous. To follow O. tragacanthotdes, Fisch. p. 252. no. 42. of the present volume. Mamj-leafletted Mountain Milk-vetch. Fl. May, Ju. Sh. i ft. 40 Oxy'tropis lel'copodia (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 282. fl. alt. 3. p. 279.) stem shrubby, much branched, short; leaves impari-pinnate; leaflets usually 13, oblong-linear, glabrous; petioles hardened, permanent ; peduncles axillary, 2-flowered, very short ; calyx covered with thick, elevated corpuscles ; le- gumes rather inflated, glabrous, ending in an acuminated beak. Tj . H. Native of Altaia, on mountains near the river Tschuja. Vexillum and wings yellow. Keel bluish. To follow O. tra- gacanthoulcs, Fisch. p. 252. no. 42. of the present volume. IVhile-petioled Mountain Milk-vetch. Fl. Ju. Sh. 6 inches. 41 Oxy'tropus aciphy'lla (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 281. fl. alt. 3. p. 279.) stem shrubby, much branched ; leaves abruptly pinnate, with 2 or 3 pairs of oblong or oblong-linear, pungent leaflets, which are silky on both surfaces ; petioles permanent, hardened into spines; peduncles axillary, 2-3-flowered, twice the length of the villous calyx ; legumes oblong, acuminated, villous. T; . H. Native of Altaia, on sandy hills at the river Irtysch. Corolla purplish violet. Shrub forming a dense tuft. To follow O. tragacanthotdes, Fisch. p. 252. no. 42. of the pre- sent volume. Needle-leafletted Mountain Milk-vetch. PI. May. Sh. tufted. § 4. Caulcscentes. 42 Oxy'tropis diffusa (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 451. fl. alt. 3. p. 281.) many stemmed, diffuse, beset with adpressed pili; stipulas opposite the leaves, somewhat concrete, ciliated ; leaflets ovate-oblong ; peduncles at length nearly twice tiie length of the leaves ; flowers racemose ; bracteas rather exceeding the pedicels ; legumes depressed, mucronate, deflexed, 1-cellcd. 472 LEGUMINOS^. clothed with adpiessed pili. 1/ . H. Native of Altaia, in humid places. O. glabra, D. C. ? Corolla bluish violet. To follow O. jiilbsa, D. C. p. 252. no. 43. of the present volume. Far. a, clongata (Led. 1. c.) stem 1-2 feet high. Var. ft, puniila (Led. 1. c.) stem 2-6 inches high. Diffuse Mountain Milk-vetch. PI. i to 2 feet. 43 Oxy'tropus floribu'nda (D. C. prod. 2. p. 280.) Accord- ing to Ledebour the following names belong to this species. O. teres, D. C. O. longicuspis, Ledeb. 0. Fischcri, D. C. O. vagi- nala, D. C. 0. tcnilla, D. C. Bundle-Jiowered Mountain Milk-vetch. PI. |^ to 1 foot. § 1, Hypoglottidei, p. 2.53. 44 Astra'galus pauciflorus (Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 1 49.) plant decumbent and hoary, beset with adpressed pili ; stipulas concrete, opposite the leaves, lower ones entire ; leaves with 3-5 pairs of oblong acute leaflets ; peduncles rather shorter than the leaves, 2-4-flowered ; flowers small, loosely racemose ; bracteas length of pedicels; calyx beset with white pili, having the teeth about equal in length to the tube. Tf.. H. Native of North America, among the rocks in the more elevated regions of the Rocky Mountains. Root long, descending, rather fusiform. Corolla blue. This species shoidd follow ^. lujpoglottis, Linn, p. 253. no. 1. of the present volume. Few-flonered^lWk-xeich. PI. decumbent. 45 Astra'galus multicau'lis (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 316. fl. alt. 3. p. 295.) caulescent, prostrate, or ascendent, pubescent ; stipulas membranous, concrete, opposite the leaves ; leaflets oblong or obovate, emarginate, 5-6 pairs ; racemes short ; pe- duncles much longer than the leaves ; bracteas longer than the pedicels ; calyx beset with black or white pili ; legumes erect, racemose, glabrous, ovate, triquetrous, short, half 2-celled; cells 1 -seeded, i;. H. Native of Altaia, in muddy salt places near the river Tschuja. Corolla pale purple. To follow A. hypogloltis, p. 253. no. 1. of the present volume. Many-stemmed Milk-vetch. Fl. May, June. PI. prostrate. § 2. Dissitiflbri, p. 255. 46 Astra'galus pube'rulus (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 291. fl. alt. 3. p. 299.) plant erect, many-stemmed, hoary ; stems terete, smooth; leaves stalked, with 6-11 pairs of oblong or oblong-linear retuse leaflets ; flowers racemose, drooping ; pe- duncles exceeding the leaves ; bracteas lanceolate ; tube of calyx twice the length of the teeth ; vexillum retuse, longer than the emarginate wings; ovary glabrous. 1/ . H. Native of Altaia, on hills at the rivers Ursal and Tschuja. Vexillum pale lilac. To follow A. sulcatus, Lin. p. 255. no. 29. of the present volume. PuberulousWAk-\eich. Fl. May, June. PI. 1 foot. 47 Astra'galus vicioides (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 286. fl. alt. 3. p. 301.) stems erect, glabrous, rather sulcate above; leaves petiolate, with 8 pairs of oblong, obtuse leaflets ; flowers racemose, drooping ; peduncles about twice the length of the leaves ; bracteas lanceolate ; teeth of calyx not half so long as the tube ; vexillum emarginate; wings entire; legumes erect, ovate, triquetrous, coriaceous, 2-celled ; cells few-seeded. %. H. Native of Altaia, in meadows on both sides of the river Irtysch and elsewhere. Flowers purplish. To follow A. sulcatus, Lin. p. 255. no. 29. of the present volume. Velch-Uke Milk-vetch. PI. 1 foot. 48 Astra'galus leptocau'lis (Led. fl. ross. atl. ill. t. 284. fl. atl. 3. p. 296.) shrubby, much branched; stem silky; sti- pidas concrete, opposite the leaves ; leaflets oblong, usually 4 pairs, nearly glabrous above, clothed with adpressed pili be- neath and on the margins ; racemes few-flowered ; peduncles more than twice the length of the leaves ; calyx beset with white and black hairs ; legumes horizontal, oblong, triquetrous, clothed with adpressed pili, 3-celled, more than twice the length of the calyx; cells many-seeded. f; . H. Native of Altaia, on rocks near the rivulet called Urmuchaika, about Buchtor- minsk. Corolla bluish. To follow A. Hyrcanus, Pall. p. 256. no. 42. of the present volume. Slender-stemmed Milk-vetch. Shrub dwarf. § 3. Onohrycholdei, p. 257. 49 Astragalus dia'phanus (Dougl. mss. Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 151.) plant prostrate, diflfuse, pilose; stipulas small, ovate, acuminated ; leaves with 5-9 pairs of obovate leaflets ; pedun- cles shorter than the leaves ; flowers small, capitate, loose ; bracteas ovate, acimiinated, minute, rather shorter than the pedicels ; legumes rather reflexed, linear, compressed, falcate, somewhat diaphanous, smoothish, 2-celled, many-seeded. % . H. Native of North America, abundant on sandy soils near the great falls of the Columbia. Flowers small, purple. This spe- cies should follow A. lentiginbsus, Dougl. p. 257. no. 49. of the present volume. Diaphanous-^oAAeti. Milk-vetch. PI. prostrate. 50 Astra'galus compre'ssus (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 289. fl. alt. 3. p. 304.) plant prostrate, suffruticose, silky ; leaflets oblong-linear, usually 3 pairs ; flowers somewhat capitate ; pe- duncles twice or thrice longer than the leaves ; vexillum a little longer than the wings ; legumes racemose, erect, linear, com- pressed, much longer than the calyx, and clothed with ad- pressed pili. "H.. H. Native of Altaia, at the river Irtysch. To follow A. arbusculus, Pall. p. 258. no. 59. of the present volume. C'o77ipressed-Y>oAAeA Milk-vetch. Fl. April, May. PI. prost. 51 Astra'galus melanoca'rpus (Fras. cat. Richards, in Frankl. journ. ed. 2. append, p. 28. Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 150.) plant clothed with silky hoary down ; stems short, decum- bent; stipulas ovate, acute; leaves with 8-10 pairs of ovate leaflets, which are acute at both ends, but sometimes obovate and obtuse ; racemes capitate, loose, 6-8-flowered, longer than the leaves, on longish peduncles ; flowers spreading ; legumes spread- ing, elliptic-oblong, coriaceous, nearly 1-celled; wrinkled, black- ish-brown. 1/ . H. Native of North America, on the plains of the Saskatchawan, and on the Eagle and Red Deer Hills on the same river. Flowers dark purplish-blue, varied with white. Perhaps the same as the A. Missouriensis of Nutt. p. 258. no. 69. of the present volume. Root fusiform. Black-fruited Milk-vetch. PI. decumbent. N. B. Astragalus succumbens, Dougl. p. 263. no. 139., y^. in- jlexus, Dougl. p. 256. no. 34. and A. glarebsus, Dougl. p. 271. no. 241. should follow A. lentiginbsus, Dougl. p. 257. no. 49. of the present volume ; and A. Purshii should follow A. Caro- linianus, p. 263. no. 130. 52 Astra'galus? lotiflorus (Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 159.) plant hoary and clothed with adpressed pili ; stems short, diffuse; stipulas ovate, acuminated; leaves on rather long petioles; leaflets rather remote, usually 6 pairs, oblong, obtuse ; pedun- cles slender, shorter than the leaves ; flowers 3-4, loose, capi- tate, usually yellow ; bracteas subulate, longer than the pedicels ; calyx camp^nulate, clothed with white pili, with the teeth subu- late and longer than the tube ; petals about equal in length ; legumes erectly spreading, ovate, acuminated, compressed, very villous from white hairs, 1-celled, with the upper suture straight, and the lower one arched. TJ.. H. Native of North America, about Carlton House on the Saskatchawan. Perhaps a species of Phaca very near Phaca villbsa. Astragalus vill6susof Michx. Lotus-Jlowered Milk-vetch. PI. diffuse. § 5. Vesicarii, p. 259. 53 Astraga'lus candidissimus (Led. fl. ross. alt. t. 287. fl. LEGUMINOS/E. 473 alt. 3. p. 309.) root creeping ; stems licrbaceous, erect, clothed with white tomentum ; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, free, glabrous inside ; leaves with 7-10 pairs of nearly orbicular, nnicronate leaflets ; peduncles about equal in length to the leaves ; calyxes woolly, at length bladdery ; legumes inflated, ovate, ending in a long reflexed acumen, glabrous, 2-ccllcd, much larger than the calyx. If.. H. Native of Altaia, in sand at the river Irtysch. Corolla purplish-violet. To follow A. megaldtithus, D. C. p. 259. no. 80. of the present volume. l^eri/-Khite Milk-vetch. Fl.June. PI. 1 foot. § 7. Anmitares, J). 259. 54 Astra'galus orbicula'tus (Led. fl. ross. alt. t. 290. fl. alt. 3. p. 311.) plant villous .ind procumbent, or erectish ; leaves with C-11 pairs of nearly orbicular mucronate leaflets ; stipulas ovate, acute ; racemes usually 3-flowered, pedunculate ; pediui- cles one-half the length of the leaves ; bractcas and teetli of calyx lanceolate-linear ; ovary oblong, densely clothed with pili, on a glabrous stipe. 1/. H. Native of Altaia, in the Soongariau desert. Corolla white. To follow A. striatellus, Bieb. p. 2C0. no. SC. of the present volume. Or6iC!(/ar-leafletted Milk-vetch. Fl. May, June. PI. proc. §8. Synochreati, p. SQL 55 Astra'galus rariflokus (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 88. fl. alt. 3. p. 313.) plant ascending, suff"ruticose, clothed with ad- pressed hoary pili ; leaves with 5-11 oblong-linear leaflets ; pe- duncles much longer than the leaves ; flowers remote, on short pedicels, secund; legumes subulate, triquetrous, a little arched, horizontal, clothed with white villi, 3 or 4 times longer than the calyx. If.. H. Native of Altaia, in the Soongarian desert, in dry salt fields about the mountains of Tscliingistan. Corolla cream-coloured. To foMow .4. microphijllits, Lin. p. 26I.no. 108. Scarce-Jlo)i'crcd Mi\]i-Y etch. Fl. July, Aug. PI. ascending. 5C> Astra'galis Orea'bes (Meyer, verz. pfl. p. 141.) smooth- ish ; stems diffuse ; stipulas all concrete and sheath-formed ; leaflets 8-12 pairs, all oblong-elliptic, rather retuse ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; legumes crowded, erectish, inflated, nearly globose, mucronate, and pilose. l/.H. Native of Per- sia, on mount Kasbek, at the height of 3600 or 4200 feet. Nearly allied to A. micro]iliyllus, Lin. p. 261. no. 108. Oreades Milk-vetch. PI. diffuse. 57 Astra'calus depaupera'tus (Led. fl. ross. atl. 3. p. 314.) plant erectish, suffVnticose, rather silky; leaflets 5-9, oblong, acute at both ends ; peduncles exceeding the leaves ; flowers few, in umbellate heads ; legumes oblong, a little arched, com- pressed, granular, villous, but at length almost glabrous, 2-celled. %. H. Native of Altaia, in dry salt plains, near Loktewsk. Corolla cream-coloured. To follow A. microphijllus, Lin. p. 261. no. 108. of the present volume. Depauperated Milk-vetch. Fl. Aug. PI. ^ to 1 foot. § 9. Ciceroidei, p. 262. 58 Astra'galus rytidoca'rpus (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 293. fl. alt. 3. p. 315.) plant ascending, rather hoary; stipulas ovate, nnicronate or acuminated ; leaves with 4 pairs of oblong-linear leaflets ; peduncles about equal in length to the leaves ; spikes capitate, few-flowered ; legumes short, nearly globose, didy- mous, sessile, wrinkled, transversely 2-celled, rather villous, apiciilated by the oblique style. %. H. Native of Altaia, in islands in the river Tschuja. To follow A. gbjcyphijllus, Lin. p. 262. no. 116. of the present volume. Rugged-fruited Milk-vetch. Fl. June. PI. ascending. § 10. Galegifurmes, p. 203. 59 Astra'galus chloro'stachys (Lindl. hort. trans, vol. 7. VOL. II. p. 249. and p. 263. no. 134. of the present volume) stems erect, pubescent ; stipulas distinct, separate from the petioles ; leaves with 11-12 pairs of oblong pubescent leaflets; racemes pedun- culate, many-flowered, longer than the leaves ; legumes inflated, a little arched; racemes axillary at the tops of the shoots. ■}/. II. Native of Nipaul. Flowers greenish yellow. Green-spiked Milk-vetch. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1823. PI. 2 to 4 feet. 00 Astra'galus podoca'upis (Meyer, verz. pfl. p. 142.) plant clothed with adpressed, canescent down ; stems l)ranche(i, difl'use, or erect ; stipulas free, lanceolate ; leaflets 3-G pairs, elongated, nearly linear, acute ; peduncles very long ; spikes dense-flowered, oblong ; legumes stijntate, erect, oblong, clothed with pili, longer than the calyx. %. H. Native of Pirsia, near Swant, on the mountains of Talusch, at the height of 2000 feet. Flowers yellowish. To follow A. galegijunnis, Lin. p. 263. no. 137. of the present volume. Foot-J'niiU'd Milk-vetch. PI. 1 to 2 feet. § 13. Tragacdnthce,2). 265. 61 Astra'galus Siri'nicus (Tenore, fl. neap. prod. 5. ex. Schlecht.Ijinnsea. 5. p. 102.) shrubby ; petioles spinescent ; leaves with 14 pairs of elliptic-oblong bluntish leaflets, beset with ad- pressed pili on both surfaces ; peduncles rather shorter than the leaves, from 2-10, disposed in a racemose spike ; ctUx clothed with black and white hairs ; the teeth setaceous : corolla yellow, 3-times the length of the caly.\ ; bractcas linear, setaceou.s, 3- times the length of the pedicels ; legumes villous. 1/. H. Na- tive of Naples, on Mount Sirini, near Lagonegro in rocky mea- dows. This species differs from A. retusus, Willd. p. 267. no. 185. of the present volume, in the flowers being disposed in racemose spikes, not capitate, in the setaceous teeth of the calyx, and in the linear bracteas. It differs from A. Massiliensis, in the calycine teeth being subulate, not obtuse, and obliquely trun- cate, in the bracteas being longer than the pedicels, and in the racemose flowers. Sirini Goa.t-tho\\\. Shrub | to 1 foot. § 15. Anthylloldci, p. 268. 62 Astra'galus ellipsoides (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 297. fl. alt. 3. p. 319.) nearly stemless and silky white; leaflets 11-23, broad-elliptic, acute at both ends ; stipulas ovate, acuminated, silky outside ; peduncles a little shorter than the leaves ; spikes oblong or globose ; calyxes inflated, elliptic, clothed with white pili ; legumes somewhat triquetrous, many-seeded, acute, very villous, shorter than the calyx. 1/. H. Native of Altaia. Corolla sulphur-coloured. To follow A. calycinus, Bieb. p. 268. no. 197. of the present volume. Far. a, clongiitus (Led. 1. c.) caulescent ; leaflets 11-19, re- mote; spikes oblong-cylindrical; caly.x clothed with spreading pili. 11. II. Native on the mountains of Arkaul and Dolen- kara. Jar. /3, intermedius (Led. 1. c.) almost stemless ; leaflets 1 1- 23, large, crowded ; spikes oblong, short ; calyx clothed with adpressed pili. %. H. Native on exposed hills, near Ustka- menogorsk. I'ar. y,ahhrevialits (Led. 1. c.) smaller, stemless; leaflets 11- 13; spikes subglobose, few-flowered ; calyx clothed with spread- ing pili. %. H. Native of dry fields about the mountains of Tschingistan and Dschigilen. £%™«/-podded Milk-vetch. Fl. May. PI. dwarf. 63 Astra'galus sabuletorum (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 298. fl. alt. 3. p. 321.) nearly stemless, silkywhite ; leaflets 11-19, oblong, acute at both ends; stipulas ovate, acuminated, silky; peduncles about etjual in -length to the leaves ; spikes ovate- globose ; calyxes inflated, ovate, clothed with white adpressed 3P 474 LEGUMINOS^. pili, and densely ciliated at the apex ; legumes ratlier triquetrous, many-seeded, acute, villous, longer than the calyx. Tf.. H. Na- tive of Altaia, in sand at the rivers Irtysch and Bekun. Corolla rose-coloured. To follow ^4. calycmus, Bieb. p. 268. no. 197. Sand Milk-vetch. Fl. May. PI. dwarf. 64 Astra'galus melanotrichos (Led. fl. ross. atl. ill. t. 294. fl. alt. 3. p. 323.) stem erect, shrubby, much branched ; branches silky ; leaflets 7-9, linear, acute at botli ends, with a few scat- tered strigcc ; stipulas ovate- lanceolate, rather adnate to the petiole ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; spikes short, nearly globose ; calyxes iuflated, ellipsoid, densely clothed with black hairs at the base, and in the throat ; legumes ovate, triquetrous, many-seeded, acutish, pilose, exceeding the calyx. Tj . H. Na- tive of Altaia, on mount Kurtschum not far from Nabaty, at the river Irtyscli. Corolla yellow. To follow A. iirflatus, D. C. p. 268. no. 205. of the present volume. Black-haired Milk-vetch. Fl. June. PI. | foot. 65 Astra'galus scleropodius (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 295.) stem erect, shrubby, much branched ; young branches strigose, adult ones glabrous from the bark being deciduous ; leaflets 11- 21, oblong, rather mucronate, sparingly strigose; stipulas lan- ceolate, rather adnate to the petiole ; peduncles longer than the leaves, Iiardened into spines ; spikes cylindrical, secund ; calyx inflated, ellipsoid, beset with spreading pili ; legumes ovate, somewhat triquetrous, many-seeded, acute, pilose, shorter than the calyx, fj . H. Native of Altaia, on mountains of Kurts- chum, at the river Irtysch. Corolla yellow. To follow A. injlatus, D. C. p. 268. no. 205. of the present volume. Hard-jieliolcd Milk-vetch. Fl. June. Shrub 3 feet. 66 Astra'galus xanthotriciios (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 296. fl. alt. 3. p. 324.) stem erect, shrubby, much branched ; young branches strigose, adult ones silky white ; leaflets 7-9, elliptic, rather mucronulate, beset with a few strigae ; stipulas seniiovate- lanceolate ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; spikes subglo- bose ; calyxes inflated, ellipsoid, beset with spreading pili ; le- gumes ovate, somewhat triquetrous, many-seeded, acute, very villous, exceeding the calyx, tj . H. Native of Altaia, on the mountains of Kurtschum on rocks. Corolla yellow. To follow A. JoUicularis, Pall. p. 268. no. 206. of the present volume. Yellow-liaired Milk-vetch. Fl. June. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 67 Astra'galus glomera'tus (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 299. fl. alt. 3. p. 327.) almost stemless, tufted, glaucous, beset with a few pili ; leaflets usually 9, obovate ; racemes axillary, 4-8-flow- ered, almost sessile ; calyx at length ruptured ; the teeth lan- ceolate-linear, about half the length of the tube ; legumes cylin- drical, acuminated, beset with silky strigae, 2-celled. % . H. Native of Altaia, in exposed fields at the river Irtysch, between Woroninsk and Nabaty. Corolla with the vexillum rose-coloured, having a large white spot in the centre, and with the wings and keel whitish, the latter tipped with purple. To follow A. ammo- dijles, Pall. p. 269. no. 210. of the present volume. Glomerate Milk-vetch. Fl. April, May. PI. ^ to ^ foot. 68 Astra'galus hypog«'us (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 95. fl. alt. 3. p. 329.) stemless, clothed with long white hairs ; leaflets 5- 13, rather remote, obovate ; flowers aggregate at the roots, exactly sessile ; calyx at length ruptured, with the teeth linear, siibidate, equal in length to the tube ; legumes subglobose, didy- mous, villous, 1 -celled, few-seeded, under ground ; vexillum elongated, emarglnatc, with the margins connate, and tlie middle tubular. %. H. Native of hills and fields near to the river 'J'scliarych and Buclitorm, and in the Soongarian desert. Co- rolla white. To follow A. galaclites, p. 269. no. 209. Vtiderground-podded Milk-vetch. Fl. Aug. PI. i foot. § 16. Caprhi'i, p. 269. 69 Astra'galus roseus (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. SOO. fl. alt. 3. p. 330.) caulescent, erect or ascending ; stem clothed with white villi ; leaflets 17-23, obovate-elliptic, clothed with hoary- villi ; spike capitate, nearly globose ; peduncles short ; calyx villous, with the teeth setaceous, exceeding the tube in length, but about equal in length to the corolla ; legumes obovate, tri- quetrous, woolly, 1 -celled, a little longer than the tube of the calyx. 1/. H. Native of Altaia, in sandy fields at the river Irtysch. Corolla rose-coloured. To follow A. longiflorus, Pall, p. 269. no. 215. of the present volume. /Zoic-coloured-flowered Milk-vetch. Fl. May, June. PI. ~ to 4 foot. 70 Astragalus lactiflorus (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 103. fl. alt. 3. p. 333.) plant caulescent, hairy; leaflets 19-23, elliptic ; racemes very short, axillary ; bracteas lanceolate-linear ; caly- cine teeth lanceolate-linear, thrice the length of the tube, but shorter than the bracteas ; corolla glabrous ; legumes ovate, rather triquetrous, mucronate, 2-celled, many-seeded, densely clothed witli wool. 1/. H. Native of Altaia, in dry fields and on rocks. A. testiculatus Altaicus, Pall. Corolla milk-coloured. To follow A. Schang'inianus, Pall. p. 270. no. 222. Milk-flurvered Milk-vetcii. Fl. June. PI. \ io ^ foot. 71 Astra'galus brevifolius (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 307. fl. alt. 3. p. 334.) tufted, rather silky ; leaflets 7, oblong, petiolu- late ; peduncles axillary, very short, 1-2-flovvered ; flowers longer than the leaves ; teeth of calyx much longer than the tube ; legume inclosed in the calyx, which is silky, membranous, and erect ; cells 2-seeded. 2/ . H. Native of Altaia, in sterile dry deserts, near the river Tschuja. Corolla sulphur-coloured. To follow A. Buchtormensis, Pall. p. 270. no. 228. (S'/ior<-fcayerf Milk-vetch. Fl. June. PI. ^ foot. §17. Iticani, 21.270. 72 Astra'galus rostra'tus (Meyer, verz. pfl. p. 144.) plant stemless, and densely clothed with hairs, which are fixed by their centre ; scape rather shorter than the leaves ; leaflets 13- 1 7, nearly linear, acute ; calycine teeth shorter than the tube ; setaceous; legumes erect, very long, subulate, nearly terete, erectish, ending in a beak. 11. H. Native of Persia, on the mountains of Tulusch near Swant, at the height of 2000 feet. Allied to A. ]\Ionspessulanus, Lin. p. 270. no. 233. Beaked-\)oAi\ed Milk-vetch. PI. \ io ^ foot. 73 A. refra'ctus (Meyer, verz. pfl. p. 144.) plant canescent from adpressed pili, which are fixed by their centre ; scapes erect, longer than the leaves; leaflets 19-25, oblong-lanceo- late, acute ; racemes elongated, loose ; calycine teeth subulate, shorter than the tube ; legumes deflexed, stipitate, rather tri- gonal, beaked, beset with black and white hairs. 1/ . H. Found along with A. roslratus. Flowers yellow. To follow A. san- guinolentus, Bieb. p. 270. no. 234 of the present volume. Refractcd-YodiAed Milk-vetch. PI. \ foot. § 18. Radlcijlbri, p. 271. 74 Astra'galus physoca'rpus (Led. fl. alt. 3. p. S35.) almost stemless ; leaflets 17-27, elliptic, rounded at the base or cuneat- ed, mucronate, glaucous, glabrous on both surfaces, but with a few adpressed hairs on the margin, which are fixed by their centre ; peduncles about equal in length to the leaves ; flowers in dense spikes ; legumes inflated, membranous, subglobose, glabrous. l/.H. Native of Altaia, about Loktewsk, &c. A. physodes Altaicus, Pall. astr. p. 72. t. 58. Flowers violaceous or dirty yellow. To follow A . physodes, Lin. p. 271. no. 247. Bladder-fruited Milk-vetch. PI. ^ to -j foot. Tribe III. Hedysarece, Suhlrihe II. Euhedysarece, j>. 277. 75 Desmodium i'urpu'reum (Hook, in Beech, voy. part. bot. p. 62.) stem erect, terete, nearly simple, clothed with adpressed LEGUMINOS/E, 475 pubescence ; leaflets 3, elliptic, obtuse, veiny, smootliisli ; sti- pulas subulate, acuminated ; racemes axillary, on rather long peduncles ; bracteas lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated ; legume 5-G-jointcd, joints quadrate, convex on one side, reticulated, scabrous from stiff hairs. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies and the Sandwich Islands. Hedysarum purpiireum, Koxb. hort. beng. p. 57. Hedysarum siliquosum, Burm. zeyl. t. 53. f. 2. Burm. ind. t. 55. f. 2. Flowers purple. This species should fol- low D. siUr/udsuDi, D. C. p. L'9t). no. 126. of the present volume. /"Hc^j/e-flowered Desmodium. Shrub. 76 Hedysarum polymorfhlm (Led. fl. alt. 3. p. 338.) stem ascending ; leaves with many pairs of elliptic or oblong leaflets, which are rather silky beneath, or clothed with adpressed pili ; spikes pedunculate, crowded ; keel a little shorter than the vex- illum, but longer than the wings ; fruit erect, with the joints wrinkled, and clothed with hoary pubescence. 1/ . H. Native of Altaia, in salt marshes at the river Tschuja, not far from the mouth of the river Aigulak. Flowers rose-coloured. To follow //. ruseiim, Steph. p. 301. no. IS. According to Ledebour, the following are varieties of this plant. far. a, pumiliitm (Led. fl. alt. 1. c.) prostrate ; leaflets 5-6 pairs. ■)/ . H. Native of Altaia. far. /J, prostriitum (Sievers, Led. 1. c.) prostrate ; leaflets C-8 pairs. H. rbseum, Steph. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 312. far. y, adscindens (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 51.) ascending; leaflets 7-9 pairs, l^. H. H. rutidocarpum, D. C. prod. 2. p. 341. J'ar. c, suherectum (Led. fl. alt. 3. p. 339.) erectish ; leaflets C-8 pairs. l/.H. H. Gmelini, Ledeb. H. Altiicum, Fisch. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 329. far. f, eliilum (Led. 1. c.) stem erect ; leaflets 8-9 pairs. Polymorplious Hedysarum. Fl. June, July. PI. prostrate and erect. 77 Hedy'sarum negle'ctum (Led. fl. ross. alt. t. 482. fl. alt. 3. p. 341.) plant caulescent, erect; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, pubescent beneath ; racemes elongated, axillary ; bracteas ex- ceeding the pedicels ; teeth of calyx lanceolate, about equal in length to the tube ; vexillum equal in length to the wings, but shorter than the keel ; pods pendulous, pilose, with elliptic joints. %. H. Native of Altaia, on shady alps at the river Koksun. H. lasiocarpum. Led. Flowers rose-coloured, but there is also a variety with white flowers. Neglected Hedysarum. Fl. May, June. PI. h foot. 78 Onobry'chis vagina'lis (Meyer, verz. pfl. 145.) stipulas large, concrete, opposite the leaves ; leaves with C-9 pairs of ovate or oblong, obtuse or acute leaflets, beset with soft pili beneath as well as on the stem ; wings obtuse, unidentate at the base, shorter than the calyx ; pods unknown. %. H. Native of Persia, on arid hills near Baku. This species comes near to O. Pallasii, Bieb. p. 306. no. 30. but is easily distinguished from it by the concrete stipulas. fe^ 60.) ^ .^L.X Bourbon Grangeria. Clt. 1823. Tree 40 to 50 feet. Cult. For culture and propa- gation see Chrysobalanus, p. 478. ^:Sfi VII. LINCA'NIA (an anagram of Caligni, the Guiana name of the first species). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 119. t. 45. Lam. ill. t. 122. D. C. prod. 2. p. 527. — Hedy'crea, Schreb. gen. no. 409. Room, et Schult. syst. 1. p. 345. mant. 252. Lix. SYST. Pentandria, Monogi'/nia. the outside, with a 5-cleft limb. Petals wanting. Stamens 5-10, opposite the calycine lobes, or only 3 from abortion. Ovary 1, in the bottom of the calyx. Style incurved, lateral ? Drupe olive-formed, fleshy, containing a 1-seeded nut. Seed thick. — Small trees, with oblong acuminated leaves, which are lioary beneath, and terminal spicate racemes of small white flowers. 1 L. i.sca'na (.\ubl. 1. c.) stamens 5 ; style incurved ; flowers Calvx bibracteolate on in terminal spikes. tj . S. Native of Guiana. Hedycrea in- ckna, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1210. Vahl. enum. 2. p. 37. Hairy Lincania. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 2 L. iiu'milis (Cham, in Linnaea. 2. p. 549.) stamens 10, ex- serted ; style pilose ; spikes nearly simple. Vj . S. Native of Brazil. Dnarf Lincania. Shrub. 3 L. Turiu'va (Cham. I.e. p. 550.) stamens 10, exserted ; style smooth ; spikes br.inched. fj . S. Native of Para, in Brazil. Hirtella Octandra, Willd. rel. in Rocm. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 274. Turima Lincania. Shrub. Cult. For cidture and propagation see Chrysobalanus, p. 478. VIII. THEL\"RA (meaning unknowTi). Pet. Th. gen. mad. no. 72. D. C. prod. 2. p. 527. Lin. SYST. Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx carapanidate at the base, ending in a small tube, which is adnate to the peduncle, as in Pelargonium. Petals 5. Stamens 10; the 6 on one side fertile, but the 4 on the other side are sterile and tooth-formed. Anthers fixed by the back, and bursting at the sides. Style lateral. Ovary 2-ovulate. Drupe ? wrinkled, villous inside. Seed one, thick, exalbuminous. Cotyledons thick, unequal, pli- cate, the one involving the other. Radicle inferior. — Trees, natives of Madagascar, furnished with glandular bracteas. 1 T. Madagascarie'nsis. Tj . S. Native of Madagascar. None of the species are described. Madagascar Thelyra. Tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see Chrysobalanus, p. 478. IX. HIRTE'LLA (a diminutive of hirtus, having been so named from the hairyness of the branches). Lin. gen. no. 86. Lam. ill. t. 138. D. C. prod. 2. p. 528. — Causea, Scop. — Cos- mibuena, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. prod. LiN. SYST. Tri-Icosdndria, Monogtjnia. Calyx bluntly 5- lobed (f. 61. a.), usually reflexed at length. Petals 5, small (f. 61. b.), deciduous. Stamens 3-15 (f. 61. c), many of which are abortive ; filaments long, circinnalely twisted inwards before the flowers expand. Style rising from the base of the ovary (f. 61. d.), opposite the stamens. Drupe furrowed (f. 61. e.), 1-celled. Seed stipitate, erect, with fleshy albumen, and a straight embryo, and leafy cotyledons (Gaertn. fruct. 3. p. 40. t. 185.) — American shrubs, with entire stipulaceous leaves, and axillary and terminal simple or compound racemes of flowers. 1 H. tria'ndra (Swartz, fl. ind. occid. 1. p. 508.) flowers triandrous ; petals ovate ; racemes compound, loose, terminal ; rachis pubescent ; leaves oblong, acuminated, glabrous. Ij . S. Native of the West Indies and New Spain, in woods. H. Ame- ricana, Jacq. amer. p. 8. t. 8. H. paniculata. Lam. diet. 3. p. 33. Flowers white. Triandrous U\ne\\?t. Clt. 1810. Tree 20 feet. 2 H. Cosmibue'na (Lara. ill. 2. p. 114.) flowers triandrous ; petals emarginate ; racemes compound, pubescent, axillary, and terminal ; leaves oblong, acuminated, pubescent beneath, h^ . S. Native of Peru, in woods. Cosmibucna, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. prod. p. 10. t. 2. H. Peruviana, Pers. ench. 1. p. 250. H. racemosa, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. t. 227. f. B. Petals lilac. Cosmibuens Hirtella. Shrub 5 to 6 ieet. 3 H. MOLLicoMA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 263.) flowers triandrous ; petals roundish-elliptic ; panicles terminal and axillary, usually solitary, elongated, and pilose ; leaves ob- long, acuminated, somewhat coriaceous, acute at the base, gla- brous above, and shining, but beset with soft fuscous pili be- neath. ^2 . S. Native of New Spain, near El Espinal at the river Magdalena. Flowers white. 480 CHRYSOBALANE^. IX. Hirtella. Soft-haired Hirtella. Tree 20 feet. 4 H. PENDULA (Sol. ex Lam. diet. 3. p. 134.) flowers tetran- drous and pentandrous ; racemes compound, loose, elongated, pubescent ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, cordate at the base, and rather scabrous beneath. Tj . S. Native of South America. Smitli in Rees' cycl. 19. no. 3. Flowers white. Pendiilous-brancheA Hirtella. Shrub. 5 H. casta'nea (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 2. p. 528.) flowers triandrous ; petals ovate, length of the calyx ; racemes terminal, and are, as well as the branches, very hairy ; leaves hairy, oblong-lanceolate, rather cordate at the base, acuminated at the apex. Ij . S. Native of New Spain. Petals of a dirty whitish red colour. Stamens haidly twice the length of the petals. C/iCf/ni/^-coloured-flowered Hirtella. Shrub or tree. 6 H. RUGosA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 250.) flowers triandrous; pe- tals oblong, longer tlian the calyx ; racemes terminal, and are, as w-ell as the branches, very liairy ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, shining above, reticulated beneath, and pilose on the nerves. ^ . S. Native of Povto-Rico and St. Thomas. H. Portoricensis, Willd. rel. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 274. Flowers white. IVrhikled Hirtella. Shrub. 7 H. hirsu'ta (Lam. ill. no. 2754.) flowers tetrandrous or pentandrous ; racemes aggregate, compound, axillary, and ter- minal, and are, as well as the branches, hairy ; leaves oval, acute, jiilose on the nerves beneath. ^i . S. Native of Cayenne. H. paniculata, V;dil. symb. 2. p. 43. t. 31. H. aggregita, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 53. Stamens constantly 6 according to Meyer, nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 802. Hairy Hirtella. Shrub or tree. 8 H. GLANDULosA (Sprcng. anl. t. 7. f. 1-4. neuw entd. 1. p. 303.) flowers pentandrous ; calyx and pedicels beset with stipi- tate glands ; racemes compound, terminal ; leaves ovate-oblong, acutish ; the nerves beset with yellow hairs. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. Glandular Hirtella. Shrub or tree. 9 H. corymbosa (Cham, in Linnsea. 9. p. 545.) flowers trian- drous ; corymbs compound, terminal, pubescent ; leaves coria- ceous, rather cordate, glabrous on both surfaces, t; . S. Native of Brazil. Corymbose-Rowered Hirtella. Shrub. 10 H. flokibu'nda (Cham, in Linnaca. 2. p. 548.) flowers octandrous or enneandrous ; racemes simple, terminal, and axil- lary, very hairy ; leaves lanceolate-elliptic, coriaceous, glabrous above, except on the nerves, but hairy beneath, of Brazil. Bundle-Jlowered Hirtella. Shrub or tree. ^ . S. Native 11 H. RACEMOSA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 133.) flowers pentandrous ; calyx glandless ; racemes simple, axillary, solitary ; rachis and branchlets villous ; leaves oblong, acuminated, glabrous above, but rather pilose or glabrous on the nerves beneath. Tq . S. Native of Guiana and Cayenne. H. Ameri- cana, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 247. t. 98. Flowers purphsh. (f. 61.) /Jaccraoie-flowered Hirtella. Clt. 1782. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 12 H. OBLONGIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 529.) flowers pentan- drous and hexandrous ; calyx glandless ; racemes simple, axil- lary, solitary, glabrous ; leaves ob- FIG. 61. long, acuminated, glabrous. ^.S. Native of New Spain. H. rosea, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers red. Style glabrous. Oblong-leaved }Wtie\\a. Shrub or tiee. 13 H. hexa'ndra (Willd. rel. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 274.) flowers hexandrous ; racemes tern, simple, hairy ; leaves oblong, bluntish, glabrous but pubescent on the nerves beneath ; petioles and peduncles pubescent. Tj . S. Native of South America, at the river Orinoco. H. B. etKunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 245. Flowers white. Hexandrous Hirtella. Shrub. 14 H. hebe'clada (Moric. ined. D. C. prod. 2. p. 529.) flowers hexandrous ; racemes terminal, simple ; branches, pe- tioles, and nerves of leaves velvety ; leaves oval, rather puberu- lous above, and rather hispid beneath. Jj . S. Native of Bra- zil. Raddi. Hairy-branched Hirtella. Shrub. 15 H. tojiente'lla (Schott, in Spreng. syst. append, p. 341.) flowers hexandrous and heptandrous ; racemes terminal, clothed with ferruginous tomentum ; leaves oblong, attenuated at both ends, glabrous above, but rather hairy beneath. Ij . S. Na- tive of Brazil. Tomentose Hirtella. Shrub. 16 H. angustifolia (Schott, in Spreng. syst. append, p. 341.) flowers heptandrous and octandrous ; racemes simple, nodding, hairy; leaves cordate, linear-lanceolate, hairy on both surfaces. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. Narrow-leaved Hirtella. Shrub. 17 H. ape'tala (Meyer, in nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 803.) flowers enneandrous, apetalous ; calyx spreading ; leaves ovate- oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; racemes compound, terminal. Ij . S. Native of Surinam. Apetalous Hirtella. Shrub. 18 H. poLYANDiiA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 246. t. 565.) flowers with lS-20 stamens, 5-petalled ; panicles terminal, much branched, clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves oblong or obovate-oblong, ending in a short acumen, acute at the base, shining and glabrous above, but clothed with white tomen- tum beneath. \ . S. Native on the shores of the Pacific ocean, near Acapulco. Flowers white. Polyandrous Hirtella Shrub 10 to 12 feet. t Species not sufficiently known. 19 H. sca'ndens (Willd. rel. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 274.) flowers heptandrous: racemes axillary and terminal ; leaves distinct, oblong, rounded at the base, acuminated at the apex, shining and glabrous ; stems cHmbing. ^r . v./- S. Native of Brazil. Climbing Hirtella. Shrub cl. 20 H. nemorosa (Willd. rel. 1. c.) flowers heptandrous ; ra- cemes terminal ; leaves distich, oblong, rounded at the base, acuminated at the apex, shining and glabrous ; stem erect, fj . S. Native of Brazil. Petals yellow. Stamens violaceous. Grove Hirtella. Shrub. 21 H. Acayace'nsis (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. and mss. D. C. prod. 2. p. 529.) flowers octandrous, 4-petalled ; racemes simple, villous, axillary ; leaves obovate, acuminated, glabrous. I^ . S. Native of Mexico, on the mountains of Aca- yaca. Flowers purple. Acayaca Hirtella. Shrub or tree. 22 H. dodeca'ndra (Moc. et Sesse, 1. c.) flowers with 12-15 stamens ; racemes terminal, panicled ; leaves oval-oblong, acute. >j . S. Native of Mexico. Petals rose-coloured. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from //. j)olyandra. Dodecandrous Hirtella. Shrub or tree. 23 H. xiTiDA (Willd. rel. 1. c.) flowers in terminal racemes, CHRYSOBALANEiE. X. Leucostomon. XI. Trilepisium. AMYGDALACEiE. 481 pubescent ; leaves oblon3. b.), perigynous. Stamens about 20 (f. 62. b. f 03. b. f. 64. a.), inserted in the throat of the calyx, curved inwards in restivation. Anthers innate, 1-celled, bursting lengthwise. Ovary superior, solitary, simple, 1-celled. Ovula 2, suspended. Style terminal, with a furrow on one side, terminating in a reniform stigma. Seed usually solitary, suspended. Embryo straight, with the radicle pointing towards the hylum, with thick cotyledons. Albumen none. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, alternate, usually glan- dular towards the base. Stipulas simple, mostly glandular. Flowers white or pink. — This order is distinguished from Bo- sacciE and Pomdcece by its fruit being a drupe (f. 63. b. f. 64. d.), and by the presence of Prussic acid, from Leguminbscs in the equal petals and stamens, and by the fruit. The plants contained in this order are astringent and febri- fugal, as the bark of Cerasus Firginidna is prescribed iit the United States, and of the Cerasus CdpuUin in Mexico. They are, however, better known for yielding an abundance of prussic- acid, a deadly principle residing in the leaves and kernels of the fruit, in consequence of which some of the species are poisonous to cattle which feed upon them, as for example Cerasus capri- c}da, which kills the goats of Nipaul, and the Cerasus Firginidna, which is known in North America to be dangerous. They all of them also yield a gum analogous to Tragacanth. Notwith- standing, however, the poisonous principle that is present in them, their fruit is in many cases a favourite food, as that of Amijgdalus the almond, Armcniaca the apricot, I'ersiea the peach and nectarine, Prdnus the plum, and Cerasus the cherry. The principle in which they abound is the basis of laurel-water, which when taken in small doses acts either as a violent purga- tive or as an emetic, and in larger doses is said to destroy the irritability without exciting inflammation; these properties, how- ever, although thus dangerous in the distilled water of the laurel and other similar plants, can scarcely be said to exist in any important quantity in the plants in a state of nature. The leaves o{ Primus sjiinosa, and Cerasus avium have been employed as a substitute for tea. The bark of Cerasus CdpoUin is used in Mexico against dysentery. The prunes of the shops are chiefly prepared from those sorts of plums called St. Catharine and green- gage, and in Portugal from a sort that derives its name from the village of Guimaraens, where they are principally dried. They contain so large a quantity of sugar, that brandy is distilled from them when fermented. The kernel of Cerasus Briganliaea yields a fixed oil called Hull des Marmottes, which is used instead of olive or almond oil. The Prunus CocomlUa yields a bark the properties of which are spoken of very highly ; according to Tenore it is a specific for the cure of the dangerous intermittent fevers of Calabria, where it grows. A variety of the Cerasus avium is used for the preparation in the Vosges and the Black Forest of the liqueur known under the name of Kirschenwaesser. The kernel of Cerasus occidentdlis is used for flavouring the liqueur Noyeau. Synopsis of the Genera. 1 Amy'gdaius. Drupe clothed with velvety pubescence (f. 62. c), with a fibrous dry rind, separating irregidarly, having the putamen pitted or smooth. 2 Pe'rsica. Drupe fleshy (f. 03. b.), glabrous or clothed with velvety down, having the putamen irregularly furrowed (f. 63. c). 3 ARMENfACA. Drupe fleshy, clothed with velvety down, having the putamen obtuse at one end, and acute at the other, and surrounded by a furrow, the rest smooth, but never rugged. 4 Pru Nus. Drupe fleshy, quite glabrous, but covered with a kind of grey bloom, having a compressed putamen, which is acute at both ends, and slightly furrowed on the margin, the rest smooth. 5 Ce'rasus. Drupe globose (f 64. d.), fleshy, quite gla- brous, containing a smooth flattened putamen (f 64./.). 6 PoLYDONTiA. Drupe kidney-shaped, dry, containing a 1- seeded nut. Calyx 6-parted. 3Q 482 AMYGDALACE^. I. Amycdalus. FIG. 63. I. AMY'GDALUS (from a/ii/(7(ra), a??2!/M0, to lacerate ; in re- ference to the fissured shell of the putamen). Tourn. inst. t. 402. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 486. D. C. prod. 2. p. 530.— Amygdalus species, Lin. mss. — Amygdalophora, Neck. elem. no. 717. LiN. sysT. Icosdndria, Monogynia. Drupe clothed with vel- vety pubescence (f. 62. c), having a dry rind, which separates irregularly, containing a pitted or smooth putamen or nut. — Trees. Leaves conduplicate when young. Flowers nearly ses- sile, usually pink or rose-coloured, rising either singly or by pairs from the scaly buds earlier than the leaves. Fruit woolly. ^ 1. Calyx cylindrically-camiianulate. 1 A. Ara'bica (Oliv. voy. t. 47.) leaves oblong-linear, obtuse, crenated ; petioles short ; fruit ovate-globose, solitary, ending in a short blunt acumen ; putamen ovate. Tj . H. Native of Arabia. Fruit the size of a filbert. Arabian Almond. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 2 A. na'na (Lin. mant. 396.) leaves oblong-linear, attenuated at the base, serrated, quite gla- brous ; flowers solitary and rose- coloured. Fruit the form of those of ^. communis, but much smaller. Root creeping. Var. a, vulgaris (D. C. prod. 2. p. 530.) calycine lobes ovate, ob- tuse, wrinkled, shorter than the tube ; style thickly clothed with tomentum, exserted. Ij . H. Na- tive of Calmuc Tartary, very fre- quent on the banks of the Volga, and about Odessa. A. nana. Pall, ross. p. 12. t. 6. Curt. hot. mag. t. 161. Mill. fig. t. 28. f. 2. Duh. arb. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 115. t. 30. Var. /j, Georgica (D. C. 1. c.) calycine lobes lanceolate, length of the tube ; style inclosed, hardly tomentose at the base. T; . S. Native of Georgia. A. Georgica, Desf arbr. 2. p. 221. Var. S, camjiestris (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 530.) leaves broader ; calycine lobes length of the tube ; petals narrower, longer, and white ; style hardly tomentose at the base. Ij . H. Native of the south of Podolia. A. campestris, Besser. enum. p. 46. no. 1425. A. Besseriana, Sehott, in cat. hort. vind. 1818. The form of the nut is different from the other varieties accord- ing to Besser. Dwarf Almond. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1683. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 3 A. ohienta'lis (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 1. p. 162. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 195.) leaves lanceolate, quite entire, almost permanent, clothed with silvery tomentum, as well as the branches ; fruit mucronate. Pj . H. Native of the Levant. A. argentea. Lam. diet. 1. p. 103. Duham, arbr. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 115. Flowers rose-coloured. Hardly larger than A. nana. Oriental or Silver-leaved Almond. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1756. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 4 A. inca'na (Pall. ross. 1. p. 13. t. 7. Smith, fl. grasc. t. 477.) leaves obovate, serrated, clothed with white tomentum beneath ; flowers solitary ; drupe compressed, pubescent. Jj . H. Native of Caucasus, and of the Levant between Smyrna and Bursa. Flowers red. Shrub spinose. Hoary Almond. Fl. March, April. Clt. Shrub 2 feet. § 2. Calyx campanulate. 5 A. commu'nis (Lin. spec. 677.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrulated ; flowers solitary ; calyx campanulate ; fruit compres- sed, egg-shaped, tomentose. T^ . H. Native of Mauritania, in hedges. Flowers white or rose-coloured. Var. a, amara (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 486.) style almost the length of the stamens, tomentose below ; seeds bitter. Duham. ed. 2. p. 114. Flowers larger. Petals white, but rose-coloured at the base. There are varieties of this bitter almond, with hard and brittle shells to the nuts. 1 Bitter almond, with a tender shell. 2 Bitter almond, with a hard shell. Amandier amer (French). Var. ft, dulcis (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 486.) leaves of a greyish green colour ; flowers earlier ; style much exceeding the sta- mens ; fruit ovate, compressed, acuminated ; seeds sweet ; shell of putamen hard. Lam. ill. t. 430. f. 2 — Sweet almond, with a hard shell. Amandier a j^etits fruits, Amandier douce. Var. y, fragiUs (D. C. prod. 2. p. 531.) flowers rising with the leaves ; petals broader, deeply emarginate ; leaves shorter ; pe- tioles thick ; fruit acuminated ; putamen with a fragile shell ; seed sweet. A. fragilis. Hell. fl. wirceb. 1. p. 500. Flowers pale rose-coloured. — Sweet almond, with a tender shell. Amandier des Dames. Duham, arb. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 113. Nois. jard. fruct, p. 7. t. 3. f. 2. Commonly called in France Coque-molle. J ar. c, macrocdrpa (D. C. prod. 2. p. 531.) leaves broader, acuminated, hardly cinereous ; peduncles shorter, turgid ; fruit larger, umbilicate at the base, but acuminated at the apex ; pu- tamen hard. Flowers whitish rose-colour, large, rising befoi-e the leaves, with broadly obcordate undulated petals. — Sweet almond, with a large fruit. Amandier a gros fruits. Duham. arbr. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 112. Nois. jard. fruit, p. 7. t. 3. There are two other varieties of this. 1 Sweet-almond, with a smaller fruit and tender shell. Amandier sultane. 2 Sweet-almond, with a smaller fruit. Amandier Pistache. Var. s, persicoldes (D. C. 1. c.) leaves almost like those of the peach ; fruit ovate, obtuse, with the sarcocarp hardly succulent ; putamen dark yellow ; seeds sweet. Peach-almond. Amandier j^echer. Duham. arb. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 114. Nois. jard. fruit, p. 7. t. 3. f. 1. This variety is supposed by Duhamel to have been produced from the impregnation of the almond by the pollen of the peach. Both the bitter and sweet-almond rise above 20 feet in height. The leaves resemble those of the peach, but the lower serratures are glandular, which has given rise to the conjecture that glan- dular leaved peaches have sprung more immediately from the almond than such as are without glands, as is generally the case with nectarines. Their flowers vary in colour from a fine blush to snow white. The chief distinction is in the fruit, which is flatter, with a coriaceous dry covering instead of the rich pulp of the peach and nectarine, opening spontaneously when the kernel is ripe. The tuberes of Pliny, Knight considers as swollen almonds, and the same with the peach-almond, having raised a similar variety from dusting the stigma of an almond with the pollen of a peach, which produced a tolerably good fruit. (Hort. trans. 3. p. 41. t. 1.) It is mentioned by Turner in 1548, and though hardly worth cultivating in England as a fiuit tree for profit, yet it is a very satisfactory thing to produce almonds of one's own growing at the dessert. The tree forms an important article in the general culture of many parts of France, Italy, and Spain. In a forward spring the blossoms often ap- pear in February, but in this case frost generally destroys them, and they bear little or no fruit, whereas when the trees do not flower till March they seldom fail to produce fruit in abundance. Use. The kernel of the nut is the only part used, which is tender and of a fine flavour. The sweet almonds and other varieties are brought to the dessert in a green or imperfectly ripe and also in a ripe state. They are also much used in cookery, confectionery, perfumery, and medicine. Sweet almonds used as food, Professor Martin observes, are diflficult of digestion, AMGYDALACEtE. I. Amygdalus. II. Pebsica. 483 and afford very little noiirislinicnt unless extremely well com- niinated. Selection of sorts. The tender shelled is in tlie greatest esteem, and next the sweet and Jordan. Propagation, The almond is |)roj)agated like the peach, by seed for varieties or stocks, and by budding on its own or on a plum stock for continuing varieties. Plum stocks are pre- ferred for strong moist soils, and peach and almond stocks for dry situations. rinul planting. The trees are generally planted as standards in shrubberies, and these will sometimes in good seasons ripen their fruit, but when fruit is the object they should be trained against a west or cast wall like the peach. Mode of bearing and pruning. The almond tree bears chiefly on the young wood of the previous year like the apricot and peach, and in part upon small spurs on the two year old and three year old, and older branches ; it is therefore pruned like these trees. Gathering and preserving the crop. A part may be gathered when nearly ripe daily for some weeks before gathering the whole crop. This operation generally falls to be performed in September, when a part may be laid in the fruit room, and a part thoroughly dried and bedded in sand in the fruit cellar for keeping through the winter. Medicinal properties. Almond-oil is obtained both from bitter and sweet almonds by expression. Bitter almonds have been found poisonous to dogs and smaller animals ; and a distilled water from them when made of a certain degree of strength has had the same effects. The essential oil obtained by distillation is one of the most virulent poisons known. Nevertheless bitter almonds are every day used in cookery on account of their agree- able flavour. Almond-oil is supposed to blunt acrimonious humours, and to soften and relax the solids ; hence its use inter- nally in tickling coughs, pains, and inflammations, and externally in tensions and rigidity of particular parts. On triturating almonds with water, the oil and water unite together by the mediation of the albuminous matter of the kernel, and form a bland milky liquor called an emulsion, which may be given freely in inflammatory disorders. The sweet almonds alone are em- ployed in making emulsions, as the bitter almonds impart their peculiar taste. Several unctuous and resinous substances, of themselves not mixable with water, may by trituration with almonds be easily mixed into the form of an emulsion ; and are thus excellently fitted for medicinal purposes. It is a singular fact that the seeds of the bitter and sweet almonds should differ so essentially in their chemical compositions ; the bitter almonds containing a deleterious principle which docs not exist in the sweet almond, although found in its bark, leaves, and flowers. The existence of hydrocyanic or prussic acid, as a vegetable principle, was discovered in 1 803 by Bohm in the distilled water of bitter almonds. It was also discovered in the leaves of the cherry-laurel by Schrader in the same year ; in peach blossoms and leaves by Vauquelin ; in cherry-water by Von Ittner, and in the bark of the bird-cherry by Jahn. In all these, and many similar substances, the acid is modified by its ultimate combination with volatile oil. Laurel-water is prepared, according to the Prussian pharmacopoeia, by drawing off three pounds of distilled water from two pounds of the fresh leaves. Thomassen Von Thues- sink observed it to produce immediately cheerfulness, a lower pulse, and quiet sleep. It has liitherto been chiefly recommended in melancholy with an atrabilious constitution, and in obstruc- tions of the liver, w ith a viscid state of the blood. Hydrocyanic acid has recently been much used in pulmonary inflammation, asthmas, sympathetic coughs, &c. It is prepared by the apothe- caries' company in London from cyanuret of mercury, hydro- chloric acid, and water. Dr. Duncan, however, prefers the dis- tilled water of bitter almonds or cherry-laurel water in these diseases, as being more manageable and less liable to decompo- sition. Bitter almonds consist of 100 parts of fixed oil, 54 alliu- men, 21' liquid sugar, 0 gum, 3 fibre, 4 pellicles, 5 water, and a little acetate acid. Common, Sweet, and Bitter Almond. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1548. Tree 10 to 30 feet. 6 A. Cociiinciiine'nsis (Lour. fl. cochin, p. 310.) leaves oval, quite entire ; racemes small, subterminal ; calyx campanulate; fruit ovate, ventricosc, acute at the apex. ^ . G. Native of Cochin-china, in woods. Corolla white. Kernel like the com- mon almond in form and smell. Cochin-china Almond. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 8 A. microphy'lla (H. B. et Kunth, nov, gen. amer. C. p. 245. t. 5G4.) shrub much branched; leaves oblong, acute, mu- cronate, crenately serrated, glabrous, small ; stipulas twice the length of the petioles ; calycine lobes obtuse, mucronate, re- flexed ; stigma peltate ; fruit globose. Pj . S. Native of Mexico between Pachucha and Moran on arid hills at the height of 3900 feet. Flowers stnall, pink. Small-leaved Almond. Shrub 3 feet. Cult. All the kinds of almond are very ornamental when in flower ; the larger species are proper trees for the backs of large shrubberies, or to stand singly, as they make a fine appearance in spring, being in blossom before most other trees. The dwarf kinds are well fitted for small shrubberies or the fronts of large ones. All the species are increased by grafting on plum stocks, or on the bitter almond, except some of the dwarfer kinds, which may be easier increased by taking the suckers from the plants at the roots. II. PE'RSICA (so named from the peach coming originally from Persia). Tourn. inst. t. 400. Mill. diet. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 487. — Amygdalus species of Lin. and Juss. — Trichocarpus, Neck. elem. no. 718. LiN. SYST. Icosdndria, Monogtjnia. Drupe fleshy (f. 63. b.), with a glabrous or velvety epicarp, and having the putamen wrinkled from irregular furrows (f. 63. c). — Trees. Leaves con- duplicate when young. Flowers almost sessile, solitary or twin, rising from the scaly buds earlier than the leaves. 1 P. vuLGA Ris (Mill. diet. no. FIG. 63, 1. D. C. fl. fr. 4, p. 487.) fruit clothed with velvety tomentum. T; . H. Native of Persia. Amyg- dalus Persica, Lin. spec. 677. Lam. diet. 1. p. 99. no. 1-23. and 28-42. Nois. jard. fruit, no. 1-16 and 22- 35. with figures. There is a very elegant double flowered variety. The peach tree in its natural state is imder the middle-size, with spread- ing branches, lanceolate, glabrous, serrated leaves. The flowers are sessile, with reddish calyxes, and pale or dark-red corollas ; the fruit roundish, generally pointed, with a longitudinal grove ; the pulp or sarcocarp large, fleshy, and succu- lent, white or yellowish, sometimes reddish, aliounding in a grateful sweet acid juice ; the stone hard, and irregularly fur- rowed ; and the kernel bitter. The tree of quick growth, and not of long duration, blossoms in April, and ripens its fruit in August and September. Dr. Sickler considers Persia as the original country of the peach, which in Media is deemed un- wholesome, but when planted in Egypt becomes pulpy, delicious, and salubrious. The peach also, according to Columella, when 3 a2 484 AMYGDALACE^. II. Persica. first brought from Persia into tlie Roman empire possessed dele- terious qualities, which T. A. Knight concludes to have arisen from those peaches being only swollen almonds (the Inheres of Pliny), or imperfect peaches, and which are known to contain the prussic acid, which operates unfavourably on many constitu- tions. The tree has been cultivated time immemorial in most parts of Asia ; when it was introduced into Greece is uncertain ; the Romans seem to have brought it direct from Persia during the reign of the emperor Claudius. It is first mentioned by Co- lumella, and afterwards described by Pliny. The best peaches in Europe are at present grown in Italy on standards, and next may be cited those of Montreuil, near Paris, trained on lime- white walls. (Mozard sur I'Education du Pecher, &c. 1814.) In England there are but few sorts of peaches that come to tolerable perfection in the open air in ordinary seasons. The best adapted for this purpose are the freestones, but all the sorts ripen well by the aid of hot-walls or glass, and may be forced so as to ripen in May and June. The tree is generally an abundant bearer ; one of the noblesse kind is at Yokefield in Suffolk, which covers about 600 square feet of trellis under a glass case with- out flues, and ripens annually from GO to 70 dozen of peaches. (Hort. trans. 3. p. 17.) Use. The peach is a dessert fruit of the first order, and makes a delicious preserve. In Maryland and Virginia a brandy is made from the fruit. " The manufacture of this liquor, and the feeding of pigs, being (as Braddick observes, Hort. trans. 2. p. 205.) the principal uses to which the jteach is applied in those countries." The leaves steeped in gin or whisky communicate a flavour resembling that of noyeau. Criterion of a good peach. A good peach. Miller observes, possesses these qualities, the flesh is firm, the skin is thin, of a deep or bright-red colour next the sun, and yellowish green next the wall, the pulp is of a yellowish colour, full of high flavoured juice, the fleshy part thick, and the stone small. Varieties. Linnaeus divides his Amygdalus Persica into two varieties ; that with downy fruit or the peach, and that with smooth fruit or the nectarine, but in the present work the peach and nectarine have been established into a genus called Persica, and the peach and nectarine made distinct species. There are, however, various instances on record (Hort. trans. 1. p. 10,'3.) of both fruits growing on the same tree, and even on the same branch ; and one case has occurred of a single fruit partaking of the nature of both. The French consider them as one fruit, arranging them in four divisions, the peches or freestone peaches, the flesh of whose fruit separates readily from the stone and the skin ; the j^eches lisse or free-stone nectarines ; the pavies or clingstone peaches, whose flesh is firm, and adheres both to the stone and the skin ; and the Brngnons or clingstone nectarines. Knight (Hort. trans. 3. p. 1.), Robertson (Hort. trans. 3. p. 382.), and many other horticulturists, consider the jicach and almond as one species. We have, however, in this work fol- lowed the established nomenclature, and treated them as distinct fruits. There are many fine varieties of the peach. Tusser in 1573 mentions peaches white and red ; Parkinson in 1629 enu- merates 21 sorts; and Miller in 1750 31 varieties. In the gar- den of Luxembourg at Paris are 70 varieties, and above double that number of names are to be found in the catalogues of our nurseries. Several attempts have been made to class the varieties of jieaches and nectarines by the leaf and flower, as well as the fruit ; the first is by M. Poiteau in the Bon Jardinier ; the next by Count Lelieur in his Pomone Franqaise; the next by John Robertson, nurseryman of Kilkenny, whose arrangement is founded on the glands of the leaves ; and the fourth by George Lindley (Hort. trans, vol. 5.), also founded on the glands of the leaves ; but none of these arrangements have been found suffi- ciently perfect for the purpose of this work. List of the varieties of peaches. Var. a ; flesh separating from the stone, called in English freestones, and in French 2>eches. List of freestone or melting jieaches, 1 Abricotie, abricotee a noyeau partage, admirable jaune, grosse jaune, grosse picche jaune tardive, d'abricot, de Burai, D'Orange, Sandalie hermaj>hrodite , yelloiv admirable. Duham. no. 13. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers large. Fruit large, yellow and red, ripening in the beginning or middle of October. A second-rate sort. 2 Acton Scot. Hort. trans. 2. t. 10. Leaves with globose glands. Flowers large. Fruit middle-sized, pale yellow, and red, ripening about the end of August. A first-rate sort. 3 Late admirable, royal, la royale, peche-royale, Bourdine, Boudine, Narbonne, teton de Venus, belle bausse or belle bauce of some, Judd's melting, Motteux's. Leaves with globose glands. Flowers small. Fruit large, pale yellow and red, ripening about the end of August. This is one of the very best late peaches, and ought to be in every collection ; and is very proper for a peach-house to succeed the early sorts. 4 Early admirable, admirable, V admirable, (Ti\\ha.vn. 29.) belle de Vitry of Bon Jardinier. Flesh white, red at the stone, ripen- ing end of August. 5 Yellow alberge, purple alberge, red alherge, golden mig- nonne, gold-fleshed, alberge-jaune (Didiam. no. 5. t. 5.), peche- jaune. Leaves with globose glands. Flowers small. Fruit middle-sized, yellow and dark red ; flesh yellow. Ripening about the end of August. A second-rate sort. 6 Almond peach. Leaves without glands. Flowers large. Fruit middle-sized, pale yellow and red, ripening about the middle of September. A second-rate sort, raised from the almond. 7 Ansley's colonel. Leaves with globose glands. Flowers large. Fruit large, pale yellow and red, ripening in the middle of September. A first-rate sort, resembling the Barrington. 8 Barrington, Buckingham mignonne. Leaves with globose glands. Flowers large. Fruit large, pale yellow and red, ripening in the middle of September. A first-rate sort, but sub- ject to mildew. 9 Belle Chevreuse (Duham. t. 1 3.), Chevreuse, early Chev- reuse. Leaves with reniform glands. Fruit yellow and red. Flesh yellow, excellent. Much confusion exists with regard to this sort. 10 Belle de Vitry (Duham,), ^aoiind, Hoffmann's. Leaves with globose glands. Flowers small. Fruit large, pale green and red, ripening in the beginning and middle of September. One of the best of the American sorts. 52 Mountaineer. Leaves with globose glands. Flowers large. Fruit large, pale yellow and red, ripening in the beginning of September. A first-rate sort. Fruit sometimes partly smooth, in consequence of its having been raised between the red nutmeg pearh and violelte lidtive nectarine. 54 Nain pecher, pecher nain d' Orleans, dwarf Orleans, pot peach. Leaves without glands. Flowers large. Fruit pale green and yellow. 55 Nivelte, nivette veloiitee, veloutee tardive, Dorsetshire. Leaves with globose glands. Flowers small. Fruit large, pale green and red, ripening in the middle of September. A first- rate sort, very like the late admirable. 56 Noblesse (Hook, t. 2.), Mellish's favourite, vanguard. Leaves without glands. Flowers large. Fruit large, pale green and red, ripening end of August and beginning of September. This is one of the very best peaches, either for forcing or the open wall. 57 Red nutmeg, brown nutmeg, early red nutmeg, avant rouge, avant ^jec/ie de Troyes (Duham. t. 3.), red avant. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers large. Fruit small, pale yellow and dark red, ripening about the end of July. A second- rate sort. 58 White Nutmeg, early while nutmeg, avant blanche (Du- ham. t.2.), 7vhitc ava7it. Leaves without glands. Flowers large. Fruit small, white, ripening middle of Jidy. Has little merit, except that of being the earliest. 59 Ord's 2icach. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit large, yellow green and red, ripening beginning and middle of September. A second-rate sort, allied to the chancellor. 60 Purpree hdtive, early avant of some. Leaves with reni- form glands. Flowers large. Fruit middle-sized yellow white, and red, ripening end of August. A good peach, as large as the grosse mignonne and earlier, but more tender. 61 President. Leaves with globular glands. Flowers small. Fruit large, pale yellow greenish and red, ripening middle and end of September. Though a good late peach, yet inferior to the late admirable. 62 Early yellow, rare ripe, yellorv rare ripe. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit middle-sized, yellow and red. Flesh yellow. A worthless sort. 63 White luscious rare ripe. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit middle-sized, pale green and red, ripen- ing middle of September. A second-rate sort. 64 Rosannc, jietite Rosanne, alberge jaune (Duham. t. 5.), peche jaune. Saint Laurent jaune. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit middle-sized, yellow and dark red, ri- pening middle of September. A second-rate sort. 65 Royal Charlotte, early jmrple of Kew, Madeleine rouge tardive, Madeleine rouge a petitesjleurs, Madeleine rouge a moy- ennes fleurs. Lord Nelson's, new Royal Charlotte, Grimwood's Royal Charlotte. Leaves without glands. Flowers small. Fruit large, pale green and dark red, ripening beginning of September. An excellent sort. Allied to the Royal George. 66 Royal George (Hook, t. 41.) Millet's mignonne, red Mag- dalen, French chancellor, Lockyer's mignonne, early Royal George. Leaves without glands. Flowers small. Fruit pale screen white and red, large, ripening about the end of August. A first-rate sort, well known and much cultivated, forces and bears well, but subject to mildew. 67 Royal George mignonne, neiv Royal George mignonne. Leaves without glands. Flowers small. Fruit large, pale yel- low white and red. A first-rate sort, ripening about the begin- ning of September. 68 Melting sanguinole. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers loose. Fruit large, ripening about the end of September. A second-rate sort. 69 Pitmaston sanguinole. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers large. Fruit dark red, small, ripening end of Sep- tember. 70 Spring-grove. Leaves with globose glands. Flowers large. Fruit middle-sized, pale green and red. A first-rate sort, ripening about the beginning of September. 71 Persian spring-grove. Leaves without glands. Flowers large. Fruit middle-sized, pale green and red. A first-rate sort, ripening about the beginning of September. 72 Southampton. Leaves without glands. Flowers large. Fruit large, pale green and red. A first-rate sort, very like the no- blesse, ripening about the end of August. 73 Sweet water, early sweet water. Leaves without glands. Flowers large. Fruit middle-sized, pale green and red. A second-rate sort, ripening about the end of August. 74 Twyford's, Holmes's, Rickett's. Leaves without glands. Flowers large. Fruit large, pale green and red. A first-rate sort, ripening about the beginning of August. Resembles the noblesse and is probably a seedling from it. 75 Williams's early jjw'ple, Williams's seedling. Leaves without glands. Flowers small. Fruit pale green and dark red, large. A first-rate sort, ripening in the end of August. Var. ft; flesh adhering to the stone, called in English cling- stones, and in French piavies. List of Clingstone peaches. 1 Blood clingstone, claret clingstone. Leaves without glands. Flowers large. Fruit middle-sized, dark red, ripening in Oc- tober. 2 Braddich's North American, Braddick's American, Brad- dick's American yellow, American clingstone. Leaves with glo- bose glands. Flowers small. Fruit large, yellow and red. Flesh yellow, firm, and coarse. A worthless sort, ripening in September. 3 Kennedy's Caroline. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit middle-sized, yellow and red. Flesh yellow. A second-rate sort, ripening about the end of September. 4 Catharine (Lang. t. 33.). Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit large, pale green and red, ripening about the end of September. This is one of the best late clingstone peaches. 5 Williams's Catharine. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit pale green and red, large. Very like the Catharine, but ripening later. 6 Catline. Leaves witli globose glands. Flowers small. Fruit middle-sized, pale yellow and red, ripening about the end of September. A second-rate sort. 7 Congress. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit large, pale yellow and red. A second-rate sort, ripening end of September. Resembles the Catharine. 8 Cooper's early. Leaves with globose glands. Flowers small. Fruit middle-sized, pale yellow and red. A worthless sort, ripening about the end of September. 9 Golden purple. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit middle-sized, yellow and dark red. A worthless sort, ripening about the middle of September. 10 Heath, fine heath, heath clingstone, red heath. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit large, pale yellow AMYGDALACEiE. II. Persica. 187 and red, ripening in October. In a good season this is one of tlie very best late cUiigi(onc peaches. 11 Incomparable, ]>avie admirable. Leaves with reniforni glands. Flowers small. Fruit large, pale yellow and red, ri- pening about the beginning of October. It is a larger sort than the Catharine, but not so good. 1^ Lemon clingstone. Leaves with reniforni glands. Flowers small. Fruit large, yellow and red. Flesh yellow, like that of the two following ; all three are esteemed in America for sweet- meats. All ripen about the end of September. 13 Hoytc's lemon clingstone. Leaves with globose glands. Flowers small. Fruit large, yellow and dark red. A second- rate sort. 14 Kcnneili/s lemon clingstone. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit large, yellow and red. Kennedy's Caro- lina clingstone, pine-apple clingstone, pine-apple, large yellurv j)ine-apple, red mallacolon. 15 Old Neivington, A^ewingtoti. Leaves without glands. Flowers large. Fruit large, pale green and red, ripening about the middle of September. Very good as a clingstone j^each. 16 Smith's Xewington, early Neirington, Nen'inglon. Leaves without glands. Flowers large. Fruit middle-sized, pale green and red. A second-rate sort, ripening about the end of August. 17 Ncivington of the Americans. Leaves with globose glands. Flowers small. Fruit large, pale yellow and dark red, ripening about the end of September. Unworthy of cultivation. 18 Pavie de Pompone, pavie de Pompone grosse, monstrous pavie of Pompone, gros Perseque rouge, gros melecoton, pavie monstrueu.r, pavie rouge de Pompone, pavie rouge, pavie camu. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers large. F'ruit large, yellow and dark red. A second-rate sort, ripening middle and end of October, but will not ripen, unless in a warm season and good situation. 19 Persique, perseque, gros perseque, jyerseque allongee. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit large, yel- low and red, ripening in October. Requires a warm soil and situation. A second-rate sort. 20 Portugal, Alberge of some. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit large, pale yellow and red. A white- fleshed late clingstone, ripening about the end of September. 21 Sanguinole a chair adherente. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers large. F'ruit middle-sized, dark red, ripening about the end of October. 22 Tonbridge. Leaves with globose glands. F"lowers small. Fruit middle-sized, yellow and dark red. A hardy sort, ripen- ing about the end of September. 23 Washington clingstone. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit middle-sized, pale yellow, greenish and red. An useless sort, ripening about the middle of September. t Peaches not well hnonn, hut none of them are probably north notice. 1 Scarlet admirable, dragon. 2 Aster's. 3 Avant peche jaune. 4 Bear's early, Bear's early avant. 5 Belle de Beau- caire. 6 Belle chevreuse, chevreuse, early chevreuse. A free- stone. Leaves with reniform glands. 7 Belle Tellemont. 8 Belle de A itry of Duhamel. Late admirable, bellis, admirable tardive. 9 Early Buurdine. Leaves without glands. Flowers small. 10 Bourdine royale. 11 Burchell's early. 12 Bre- vort's seedling, a free-stone peach. 1 3 Large early Burlington. 14 Cliancclliere, veritable chancelliere a grandes flcurs. 15 Chevreuse d' Italic. 16 Late chevreuse, chevreuse tardive, Pour- pree. 17 Cothelstones seedling. 18 Double swalsh, swatze, or swolze, swalch, Dutch. 19 Early red clingstone. 20 Early Sweetwater. 21 Early de Tours. 22 Edgar's late melting. 23 Emperor of Russia, serrated, unique. 24 Favorite large red clingstone. 25 Fuller's galande. Leaves with globose glands. Flowers small. 26 New galande. 27 De Gloria. 28 Grande- ville. Leaves without glands. Flowers large. 29 Grandemo- narque. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. 30 Grosse de I'itry. 31 Langicr. 'M Ijarge early. 33 Lale pur- ple, pourpree tardive. 34 Cough's late red. 35 Largest lemon. 36 Limon. 37 Mammoth, sachamoona. 38 Cobb's mignonne. Leaves with globose glands. 39 Earliest mignonne. Leaves with globose glands. F'lowers small. 40 Mignonne luUive. Leaves with globose glands. Flowers small. 41 Large-fruited mignonne. Leaves without glands. Flowers large. 42 Purple mignotine. 43 Royal mignonne. 44 Woburn early mignonne. Leaves without glands. Flowers large. 45 Morris's red free- stone. 46 Morris's white freestone. 47 New cut-leaved. 48 New Yorh white clingstone. 49 New serrated. 50 Early no- blesse. 51 Noblesse of Oatlands. Leaves without glands. Flowers large. 52 Seedling noblesse. 53 Pitniaston seedling noblesse. 54 Early yellow nutmeg. 55 Period's early nut- meg. 56 Oldmixon. 57 Pavie. Leaves with globose glands. Flowers large. 58 Pavie de Jalagnier. 59 Pavie jaune. 60 Philadelphia freestone. 61 Port Royal. Leaves without glands. Flowers large. 62 Pourpree grosse. 63 Pourpree hdlive, early avant of some. 64 Veritable pourpree hdtive, du vin, early pur- ple, true early purjile. 65 La pourpree, pourpree tardive of the French. 66 Queen Caroline. 67 Ramboullet, Rumbullion (Lang. t. 33.) a free-stone peach. 68 Red rare-ripe. 69 JVhite rare- ripe. 70 New while rare-ripe. 71 Ronde de Vallabreques. 72 Saint Fagus. 73 Sanguinole, bloody, Batterave, drusette. Flesh like red beet, used for preserves, as are also other varieties of san- guinole. 74 Scarlet Anne. Leaves without glands. Flowers large. 75 De Sernach. 76 Superb. 77 Tein-doux. 78 Transpa- rente ronde. 79 Grosse violette hdtive. Leaves with globose glands. Flowers small. 80 Washington. 81 Wellington. 82 Williams's New York. 83 William's seedling. Leaves with- out glands. Flowers large. 84 Yellow peach. * Culture of the peach in the open air. Selection of sorts. Abercrombie says, " except the situation be completely favourable as to climate, aspect, and shelter, for- bear to plant very early or extreme late fruit, for frost will almost invariably cut oft" the former, when blossoming and set- ting, and the latter will hardly ripen under the declining heat of autumn." The peaches proper for a small garden, according to Forsyth, are ; the early avant, small mignonne, Anne, Royal George, Royal Kensington, noblesse, early Newinglon, Galande, early purple, chancellor, nivette, Catharine, and late Ncwington. The peaches in the duke of Buccleuch's garden at Dalkeith, and which ripen in the order in which they are placed, are as follows ; those marked j" are planted against a hot wall. 1 Early nutmeg. 2 Early Anne. 3 Red Magdalene. 4 Royal George. 5 Grim- nood's Royal George. 6 Noblesse. 7 Galande f. 8 Belle- gardf. 9 Montaubanf. 10 Miller's mignnn f. 11 Smith's early Newington ^ . 12 Chancellor ■\. 13 White Magdalene. Propagating to procure neio varieties. — Tlie peach is raised from the stone ; and this mode is pursued in North America, even for procuring trees for common purposes. The peaches called Acton-Scot 'and Spring-grove were thus originated ; the parent trees were dwarfs planted in large pols ; tiiese being brought into a state of vigorous health, the pistils of the blos- soms of one sort were impregnated with the pollen of another ; only 3 peaches were suffered to remain on cacli tree ; and from sowing the stones of these the above-mentioned peaches and other varieties were produced; the male parent of the latter was the large French mignon, and the female the little red nutmeg, which choice is consistent with the general principle, 488 AMYGDALACE^E. II. Persica. that the most perfect and vigorous offspring will be obtained of plants as of animals, when the male and female parent are not too closely related to each other. Some excellent papers on this subject will be found in the Hort. Trans, vol. 1. by T. A. Knight. — The peach does not, like many other species of fruits, much exercise the patience of the gardener who raises it from the seed ; for it may always be made to bear when 3 years old. In prosecuting such experiments, Mr. Knight recommends the seedling peach trees to be retained in pots, and buds from them only to be inserted in older trees ; for their rapid and luxuriant growth is extremely troublesome on a wall, and pruning is death to them. Mr. Knight, by leaving on the lateral branches near the extremities of the shoots, and by exposing the leaves as much as possible to the sun, in order to promote the growth and ripening of the wood, procured blossom-buds the first year from seed. Propagation to jierpetuate varieties. — The peach is generally budded on Damask-plum stocks, and some of the more delicate sorts on apricot stocks, or old apricot trees cut down, or on seedling peaches, almonds, or nectarines. Knight recommends growing almond stocks for the finer nectarines and apricots, as likely to prevent the mildew, and as being allied to the peach. He says, " almond stocks should be raised and retained in the nursery in pots, as they do not transplant well.'" Perform the budding in July and August, in the side of the stock, one bud in each : they should be inserted near the bottom for the prin- cipal wall-trees, and at the height of 3 or 4 or 5 feet for riders. The bud will shoot the following spring, and attain the length of 3 or 4 feet in the summer's growth. After the budded trees have ripened the first year's shoot, they may either be planted where they are to remain, or be trained in tlie nursery for 2, 3, or 4 years, till in a bearing state. Whether the plants be re- moved into the garden at a year old, or remain longer in the nursery, the first year's shoot from the budding must be headed down, either early in June the same year, to gain a season, or in March following, to 4, 5, or 6 eyes, to produce lateral shoots, with 1 upright leader to begin the formation of the head in a fan-like expansion ; the second year's shoot should also be shortened to a few eyes at the return of June or March ; and those also of the third year in such degree as may seem ex- pedient. Soil. — A good soil for jjeach trees, according to Abercrombie, " is composed of 3 parts mellow unexhausted loam, and 1 part drift sand, moderately enriched with vegetable mould. If the soil be lean and poor, and at the same time light, have the borders improved by decomposed dung and fertile mellow earth ; if the groimd be strong and heavy, add some light earth or dung ; if very gravelly, remove the grossest part, excavating to the proper depth, and in the same proportion apply a com- post as above. Let the soil be made good to the depth of 30 inches or 3 feet. The nectarine wants the warmer, richer, and deeper soil, if any difference be made. Bad cold ground or an exhausted mould, is often the cause of the trees gumming." Forsyth says, " Peaches require a lighter soil than pears and plums, and a light mellow loam is best." Choice of plants. — Abercroinbie, Forsyth, Nicol, and most authors agree in recommending the choice of trees, 2, 3, or 4 years trained. Forsyth says they should be procured in the latter end of October or beginning of November, as soon as the leaf begins to fall. Final 2^1'inling. — The peach is almost universally planted against walls in Britain ; in some few warm situations they have been tried as dwarf standards or as low 'Espaliers, covering with mats in spring to protect their blossoms. Early autumn planting is best on dry soils. Spring planting may be successfully per- formed in February and March, but the sooner the better, that the trees may take root immediately before the dry warm weather commences. Mode of bearing. — " All the varieties of the peach and nec- tarine bear the fruit upon the young wood of a year old ; the blossom-buds arise immediately from the eyes of the shoots. The same shoot seldom bears after the first year, except on some casual small spurs on the two years wood, which is not to be counted upon. Hence the trees are to be pruned as bearing entirely on the shoots of the preceding year, and a fidl supply of every year's shoots must be trained in for successional bearers the following season." The summer pruning. — In May and June, and occasionally in the succeeding months, is to regulate the shoots of the same year, and to prevent improper growths by rubbing off the buds. Pinch off fore-right buds or shoots, and pinch off or cut out, ill placed, very weakly, spongy or deformed shoots, and very strong luxuriant growths, retaining a plentiful supply of good lateral shoots in all parts of the tree, and leaving a leader to each branch. Let them mostly be trained in at full length all sum- mer, about 3 inches asunder for next year's bearers, and divest them of any lateral twigs, to prevent a thicket-like intricacy, and to promote a healthy fruitful growth in the shoots left. In the course of the summer regulation, if any partial vacancy occurs, or should a young tree under training want an additional supply of wood, shorten some conveniently placed strong shoot in June to a few eyes, to furnish a supply of laterals the same season. The winter-pruning may be performed at the fall of the leaf, and thence, according to some professional writers, at any time in mild weather until spring. It should be completed in Fe- bruary, or early in March, before the blossom-buds are consi- derably advanced, which are distinguishable by being round, plump, and prominent, while the leaf and shoot-buds are oblong and narrow. There is some advantage in pruning when the blossom-buds can be certainly known. Retain in all parts of the tree a competent supply of such regular grown shoots of last year as are apparently fruitful in blossom-buds. Most parts of these should be shortened, not indiscriminately, but according to their strength and situation ; the very strong shoots should be left longest, being topped about one-fourth or one- third of their length ; shoots of middling vigour reduce one- third or one-half, and prune the very weak to 2 or 3 buds. Always cut at a shoot-bud, to advance for a leader; sometimes a shoot-bud lies between a twin blossom-bud ; cut half an inch above the bud. As many new shoots as will lay from 3 to 6 inches asunder may be deemed a competent supply for next year's bearers. Cut out quite close tlie redundant, irregular, and other improper shoots ; remove or reduce some part of the former bearers of the two preceding years ; cutting the most naked quite away, and others down to the most eligible younger branch or well-placed shoot. Also take out all diseased and dead wood, retaining yoiuig where necessary to fill a vacuity. In cold and late situations, T. A. Knight recommends a mode of prun- ing adapted to obtain fruit-bearing spurs on the jieach, and these spurs he finds best calculated in such situations and late seasons to generate well organised and vigorous blossoms. " Instead of taking off so large a portion of the young shoots, and training in a few only, to a considerable length, as is usually done, and as 1 shoidd myself do, to a great extent in the vicinity of London, and in every favorable situation, I preserve a large number of the young shoots, which are emitted in a proper direction, in early spring by the yearling wood, shortening each where neces- sary, by pinching off the minute succulent points, generally to the length of 1 or 2 inches. Spurs which lie close to the wall are thus made, upon which nuinerous blossom-buds form very early in the ensuing summer. It is only in cold and late situa- AMYGDALACEiH. II. Persica. 489 tions that the mode of management above suggested is recom- mended. The spurs must not be shortened in the winter or spring till it can be ascertained what parts of tliem are provided with leaf-buds." In a very cold and elevated situation, C. Har- rison (Hon. trans. 2. p. 14.) prunes and nails his jicacji and nectarine trees in December and January, taking away two- thirds of the young shoots ; and in two hand-dressings in May and July, he leaves the lowest and weakest shoots for a succes- sion in the year following, pinching ott' the leading and other shoots. The chief rule which he Ibllovvs, is never to allow the shoots that are left for bearing fruit to run to any length from the strong wood, for which reason, when the trees are pruned in autumn, the bearing branches for the next year are shortened, taking care not to leave more fruiiing-buds than he thinks will come to perfection. Training. — The peach is almost universally trained in the fan-manner, either straight-lined or wavy, though some allege tliat it bears better in rich soils, when two leading branches are encouraged, and the bearing shoots trained outwards from these, so as to form a sort of horizontal training. Thinning the fruit. — " In favorable seasons the blossoms often set more fruit than the trees can support, or than have room to attain full growth, and if all were to remain it would hurt the trees in their future bearing, therefore they should be timely thinned, when of the size of large peas or half-grown goose- berries. There should be a preparatory thinning before liie time of stoning, and a final thinning afterwards, because most plants, especially such as have overborne themselves, drop many fruit at that crisis. Finish the thinning with great regu- larity, leaving those retained at proper distances, 3, 4, or 5 on strong shoots, 2 or 3 on middling and 1 or 2 on the weaker shoots, and never leaving more than one peach at the same eye. The fruit on weakly trees thin more in proportion." — Abercrombie. Renovating old decaying trees. — Head down, and renew the soil from an old upland pasture, and if the bottom of the border is moist, or if the roots have gone more than 2 feet downwards, pave the bottom, or otherwise render it dry, and impervious to roots at the depth of 20 inches or 2 feet from the surface. This plan will be found almost universally successful, in restoring suffi- cient vigour to resist insects and diseases, and produce abundance of fruit. Protecting the blossoms. — This may be done by various modes. Forsyth recommends old netting as the best covering. C. Har- rison protects his trees from the frost in the month of January by branches of broom ; these are previously steeped in soap- suds mixed with one-third of urine for 48 hours, in order to clear them from insects, and when dry are disposed thinly over the whole tree, letting them remain on only until the trees begin to break into leaf. At the time of the blooming and setting of the fruit, he applies cold water in the following manner, viz. if, upon visiting the trees before the sun is up in the morning after a frosty night, he finds there is any appearance of frost on the bloom or young fruit, he waters the bloom or young fruit thoroughly with cold water from a garden-engine, and he affirms that even if the blossoms or young fruit are discoloured, this operation recovers them, provided it be done before the sun comes upon them. Dr. Noehden remarks, Hort. trans, vol. 2. " that this operation of watering before sun-rise, in counteract- ing the frost, seems to produce its effect in a manner analogous to the application of cold water to a frozen joint or limb, which is injured by the sudden a])])lication of warmth." J. Carr, of St. Ann's, near Leeds, protects his blossoms by retardation ; and the means used are, detaching the branches of the trees from the walls in autumn, and not refixinir them till late in the spring, when the blossoms are about to expand. In addition to unfastening the trees, a wedge is put in behind the tnain stem to throw it forward, in order that the tree may receive as little protection from the wall as possible. (Caled. mem. 3. p. 25.) liipening peaches on Icajless branches. — Whenever the part of the bearing branch which extends beyond the fruit is without foliage, the fruit itself rarely acquires maturity, and never its proper flavour and excellence. This Knight conjectures to be owing to the want of the returning sap, which would have been furnished by the leaves, and he proved it exi)erinientally by in- arching a small branch innnediately above the fruit. The fruit in consequence acquired the highest degree of maturity and per- fection. (Hort. trans. 2. p. 25.) Insects and diseases, ^-c. — The leaves of the peach tree are liable to the attacks of the acarus, its greatest enemy, and also to be devoured by the chermes, aphis, and even a much smaller insect, the thrips. These are to be kept under by the usual means of watering over the leaves, and fumigation with tobacco smoke. The honey-dew, mildew, gum, and canker are chiefly to be kept under by regimen ; dusting with sulphur has been found to destroy tlie mildew, but the only certain way of reme- dying it is by a renewal of the soil, which will conmionly be found old mould long in use and too rich, and by abundance of air. J. Kirk (Caled. hort. mem. 4. p. 1.59.) has tried renewing the soil for 50 years, and always found it an effectual remedy. The young wood of the jiearh tree is liable to be covered with black spots or blotches, which Kenment proved to be pro- duced by over rich soil (Caled. hort. mem. 2. p. 79 and 80.). The fruit, when ripe, is very liable to the attacks of the wasp, the large fly, and especially the earwig, &c., the two first may be excluded by nets, or enticed by honied bottles, and the latter caught by the beetle-trap, reeds or bean-stalks laid in behind the leaves, and examined every morning. Gathering. — -Use the peach-gatherer, and gather one day or two before the fruit is to be used, and before it be quite ripe, laying it on clean paper in a dry airy part of the fruit-room. Use of hot walls. — The ripening of the peach may be acce- lerated in the open air, when planted against a hot wall, by the application of gentle fires in cold moist weather, in August and September. This will ripen the fruit and wood ; but no attempt should ever be made to accelerate the blossom early in spring, as without the protection of glass they are almost certain of being cut oflT. * * Culture of the Peach-house. Soil Abercrombie uses the same soil as for those grown in the open air. The border or bed to be 30 inches or 3 feet deep. The nectarine wants the warmer and richer and deeper soil, if any difft-rence be made. The soil for peaches that are forced, M'Phail recommends to be, " fine, loamy, well prepared earth, of a medium texture, neither very light nor of a strong binding quality, well mixed with some good manure. The border to be 4 feet deep and so broad that the roots cannot get into a bad soil" (Gard. Rem. 18.). The bottom of the border being made comfortable by draining and paving, if not naturally dry. Nicol directs the breadth of the border to be the width of the house within, and to the extent of 10 or 12 feet without. The average depth 30 inches at the least ; but if a yard it woidd not be too much. The soil to be thus composed : three-fourths strong loam, one-eighth part of light sandy earth, and an eighth part of rotten stable-yard dung, with a competent ([uantity of lime and marl, all "being properly mixed before planting. — Kal.p.2'J\. Choice of .vor/s.— Select from the catalogue given, according to quality." The following list is given by Abercrombie as the most proper for forcing : — 3 U 490 AMYGDALACE^. II. Persica. * Clingstones. 1 Late admirable. 2 Old Nenington. 3 Portugal. 4 Golden. 5 Catharine. 6 Pavie de Powpone. * * Freestones. 7 White Nutmeg. 8 Grosse Rlignonne. 9 Belle Chevreuse. 10 White Magdalen. 11 Red Magdalen. 12 Double Mon- tagne. 13 Chancellor. 14 Early Admirable. 15 Malta. 16 Royal George. 17 Noblesse. 18 Late Admirable. 19 Late Purple. M'Phail says, " The names of the peach trees fit for forcing are the Mandaleine, Double Montagne, Royal George, and Noblesse. Nicol recommends the following:- — 1 Red Magdalen. 2 White Magdalen. 3 Royal George. 4 Noblesse. 5 Double Montagne. 6 Early Admirable. 7 Late Admirable. 8 Late Purple. 9 Grosse Mignonne. 10 Smith's Neniington. 11 Early purple, and orange. Choice of plants. " Before a house for forcing peaches and nectarines be built," M'Phail observes, " trees to plant in it had best be got in readiness, and if they be growing on the premises it will be an advantage. If it can be avoided, no tree should be planted in a forcing-house until the fruit of it has been seen and tasted. The trees should be well trained ones, 4 or 5 feet high ; indeed, it is of no consequence what their age be, pro- vided they are healthy, well rooted, and in a bearing state ; and if they have been transplanted several times since they were budded, they will be the fitter for transplanting again ; and if the work of taking them up and of planting them in the peach- house be carefully and methodically done, the trees, by their removal, will be but little retarded in their growth. When every thing in the forcing-house is got in readiness for the re- ception of the trees, loosen them from the wall to which they were fastened with nails and shreds, and dig a wide semi-cir- cular trench, 4 feet distant from the stem of each tree, and a little deeper than their spreading roots, then, by little and little, with a pointed stick, work the earth out among their roots, taking care to break as few of them as possible. In this manner the roots of the plants are to be divested of earth in a careful manner, so as to undermine the stem, that the tree may be lifted out of its place without straining the roots of it. Having holes previously prepared, about 8 or 1 0 inches deep and 4 feet wide, set the trees into them one after another, training their roots out in a regular horizontal manner at full length, and after let the ends of the roots be cut, so as to take the rugged ness oft', cover them not deeper than about G inches at their extremities, and at the stem of the tree about 4 inches. Clean healthy dwarfs, that have been one or two years trained, Nicol prefers to older plants, and riders three and even four years trained ; because, being temporary, it is desirable to have them produce fruit as soon as possible, for if the dwarfs thrive, the former will have to be removed in three or at most in four years. In a house 35 feet long, 3 dwarfs should be planted, and in a house 35 or 40 feet, 4 dwarfs ; in both cases with riders between them." — Kal. 323. Situation of the plants in the house. — Permanent occupants, intended to be forced early, Abercrombie plants in a front border, training them on a trellis just under the roof. In late forcing-houses, he trains them to an upright trellis near the back wall. M'Phail plants so as to train under the glass, and Nicol's practice concurs with that recommended by Abercrombie. For a late peach-house, dwarfs should be planted in front, to be trained about half-way up the roof; and dwarfs, with riders between them, against the back wall, to be trained to the top. In this case, the trees on the back trellis would not be shaded 1 by those in front, provided they are not trained to more than half way up the sloping-glass ; and thus the greatest possible extent of unshaded surface, and the greatest quantity of un- shaded fruit may be obtained. A house planted in this manner, about 40 or 45 feet in length, may have 4 dwarfs in front, and 4 dwarfs and 5 riders at back, and when in a full bearing state would produce a large quantity of nectarines and peaches. If only 30 or 34 feet in length, 3 dwarfs in front and 3 dwarfs and 4 riders at back, would be trees enough to fill it. — Pracl. gard. Season of planting. — Abercrombie recommends November and December as preferable, if not February and March ; which practice is also agreeable to that of Nicol. Training. — All seem agreed in recommending fan-training for 2>eaches and nectarines, which being the simplest and most natural training, is always to be preferred. Pruning This, according to Abercrombie, may be performed at the fall of the leaf, but should be completed before the blos- som-buds are considerably advanced. M'Phail says the best season is in the spring, when the blossom-buds can be distin- guished. In the case of a newly-planted house, Nicol heads down the maiden plants, or cuts the trained trees about the end of March or beginning of April. With respect to the dwarfs, the shoots on the lower branches should be cut back to 2 or 3 buds, that the trellis may be furnished from the bottom with young wood. The shoots on the upper or further extended branches may be shortened back to half or one-third of their lengths, according to their strength, provided they have been well ripened, and are free from canker ; but if the tree be any- ways diseased, let them be cut so far back as to get rid of the cankered or mildewed part, but it would be adviseable that no diseased tree should be planted, unless of a particular kind that cannot be easily obtained. The riders need not be headed so much in as the dwarfs, the object being rather to throw them into a bearing state than to cause them to push very strong shoots, which would not be fruitful. If they make moderately strong shoots, and if these be well ripened in autumn, a good crop m.ay be expected on them next year. Let the young shoots be laid in, as they advance, at the distance of about 9 inches from each other, that is of the dwarfs ; those of the riders may be laid in considerably closer, it not being intended they should grow so vigorously as those of the dwarfs. In a bearing- house the winter pruning is supposed to take place in November, and if the summer shoots have been regularly trained and laid in at the distances of 9 inches in the dwarfs, and rather less in the riders, they will not require much pruning at this time. A few of the shoots may be shortened about the lower and middle parts of the tree, for the purpose of providing a supply of young wood in these parts, and thinning out such shoots here and there as have been left too thick ; for others should not be shortened, but should be laid in at full length, that is, such as are short, stout, nearly of an equal thickness, and have a bold wood-bud at the extremity, as from these may be expected the best fruit next season. In some parts of the tree, perhaps, or in some particular trees, it may be expedient to cut out such old branches as have but few young shoots on them, provided there be neigh- bouring branches better furnished, whose shoots may be spread out so as to fill, or nearly to fill, the vacancy occasioned by such lopping. In this case, the shoots borrowed as it were for this purpose, must be shortened more or less, according to the size of the vacancy to be filled up, and according to their strengths, in order that the plant may appear complete in all parts as soon as possible. In summer Nicol pinches off foreright shoots as they appear, and all such as are ill-placed, weakly, watery, de- formed, or very luxuriant, leaving a leader to every shoot of last AMYGDALACE.E. II. Persica. 491 year, and retaining a plentiful supply of good lateral shoots in all parts of the tree, if any blank is to he filled up, some conveniently-placed strong shoot is shortened in June to a few eyes, in order tliat it may tlnow out laterals. Sir Joseph Banks, in speaking of tlie cuhurc of peaches at Montreuil, near I'aris (Hon. trans, vol. 1. append.) says, " Mueh advantage is de- rived from the practice of rubbing ofl' the leaf-buds from the fruit-bearing branches, leaving only as many as are wanted to produce wood for the succeeding year. Tlie laille d'iti does not only leave the remaining wood to grow stronger and to ripen sooner, but it naturally increases the size of the fruit. The fruit is thinned after tlie stoning season, as already de- scribed for thinning of wall fruit." In a peach-house, in a state of bearing, when the fruit is swelling off, in order that it may attain a greater degree of perfection, such leaves and s\nnmer shoots as overhang and shade the fruit are taken off or thinned. The leaves o{ peach trees " may be dressed off','' when the wood is ripened, by the use of a withy or small cane, which is more necessary in a house than if the trees were growing in the open air, where the wind or frost may make them tumble down fast. In the newly-planted peach-house the dwarfs must be well cut in, in order to make them push shoots freely for furnishing the trellis next season. Those situated in the lower and middle parts of the tree should be cut back to half their lengths, or to a few buds, less or more according to their strength ; and those of the extremities to one-tiiird or to about half their lengths, also according to their strength, and how well they have been ri- pened. They should be thinned so at this time, as that the shoots which are to issue from them next season may be laid in at the medium distance of about C inches. The riders need not be pruned near so much as the dwarfs, as they are wished to produce a crop of fruit the following season, shortening no shoots that are fully ripened, except a few of those at the ex- tremities of the tree, in order to make them throw out others for its full extension upwards next year. Stirring the soil. — The borders are to be pointed and forked up after pruning, and a little well-rotted dung or compost added where deemed necessary. That part of the border on the out- side may in addition be covered with dung, and after forcing is commenced, those in the inside may be occasionally watered with the drainings of the dung-iiill. — Kal. 324 and 4^38. Time of beginning to force. — From the rise of the sap, ac- cording to Abercrombie, it occupies, in some sorts, about 4 months to make mature fruit ; in the later varieties 5 months ; and when much of winter is included in the course of forcing, the time is proportionably lengthened. To ripen moderately early kinds by the end of May, begin to force on the 21st of December. Little is gained by commencing sooner. But you may put on the glasses a week before, and make gentle fires, admitting a constant stream of fresh air, to get the house ready. M'Phail says, " Those who wish to have peaches and nectarines ripe in May, should begin to force them about the beginning or middle of December." For a general crop, Nicol, Weeks, and most gardeners recommend forcing to begin in the month of February. He says it is much better to force too slow than too fast. Temperature. — Abercrombie directs to begin at 42° min. and 45^^ max. from sun heat, and rise in a fortniglit to 45° min. and 50° max. from sun heat ; in the progress of the second fortnight augment the temperature from 3 to 8 degrees, so as to have it at the close up to 53° min. and 56° max. from sun heat, admitting air in some degree daily. When the trees are in blossom, let the heat be 55° min. and G0° max. Contiiuie to aim at this till the fruit is set, then raise the minimum to 60° and the artificial maximum to C5°, in order to allow of giving air. When the sun shines do not let the maximum from col- lected heat pass 70°, rather employ the opportunity to admit a free circulation of air. M'Phail, beginning in February, keeps tlie tliermometer to about 55°, increasing it as the daj^ lengthen; wiicn the fruit is set and swelling, raise it to 60° with fire iieat ; when the sun shines, let it rise to 65° or 70° with air. A short time before the fruit begins to ripen, from 55° to 70° is not too much with fire heat, and when tlie sun sliines let it rise a little above 75°. In a house, begun to force on the 1st of February, Nicol begins with 45° for the first fortnight, and tlien increases the heat to 50° or 52". The times of regulation are supposed to be at C or 7 o'clock in the morning and 8 or 9 o'clock at night. At the end of the month the temperature is to be kept as steadily as possible to 55°. In two months keep it to about 05°, seldom allowing it to pass 70°, which if it does, will have the effect of drawing the shoots up weak, and may cause the setting fruit to drop. He recommends 60" by fire heat, mornings and even- ings, as proper after tlie fruit are fairly stoned. T. A. Knight finds that neither jieaclies nor nectarines acquire perfection either in richness or flavour, unless they be exposed to the full in- fluence of the air and sun during their last swelling, without the intervention of the glass. In consequence, he sajs, some gardeners take oft' the lights wholly before the fruit begins to ripen, but he recommends taking them off" only in bright sun- shine, and putting them on during rain, and at night to protect the fruit from dews, &c. Air — A constant stream of fresh air is to be admitted before beginning to force, and plenty of air, when the sun shines, during the whole progress of forcing. M'Phail says, " when the fruit is set and swelling, give the house air every day, whether the sun shine or not. Give plenty of air, and keep tiie house dry when the fruit begins to ripen." When the intention is to begin to force on the first of February, Nicol shuts up the house from the middle of January, admitting plenty of free air through the day. During the first month of forcing, he admits air freely " every day, even in frosty weather, by the sashes, till the flowers begin to expand, after which time by the ventilators, except in fresh weather, till the season become mild." Air should be admitted all this month to such an extent as to keep down the temperature in sunshine to within 5° of the fire heat medium, and this in order to strengthen the buds as they break, and that the young shoots may spring in a vigorous manner. Admit large portions of air every day when the fruit is swelling off, except in damp weather, from 7 or 8 o'clock in the morning to 5 or 6 o'clock in the evening, opening the sashes to their fullest extent, from 10 to 2 or 3 o'clock in the afternoon, giving and reducing gradually, &c. Watering and steaming. " W'hile the fruit is in blossom," Abercrombie observes, " steaming the flues must be substi- tuted for watering over the leaves ; at the same time you may water the roots now and then gently, avoiding such a copious supply as might risk the dropping of the fruit to be set. Let the water be warmed to the air of the house." M'Phail directs to keep the border moist by watering ; and after the fruit are as big as nuts, sprinkle the flues now and then with water, to raise steam, and wash the trees about once a week with clean water, not too cold. It is better not to wash all oves the top till the fruit are set. A sunshiny morning is to be preferred, and the water may be about 65°. Do not water after the fruit begins to ripen, but recommence when it is all gathered (Card, rem. p. 148. and 191.) Newly planted peach trees should be freely supplied with water at the roots throughout the season, in order to promote their growth ; and the engine must be applied with force to the branches for the suppression of the red spider, and refreshing the foliage, generally once in two or three days (Card. kal. ]>. 358). In a fruit-bearing house, after the fruit is set, water should be given pretty freely to the plants at the 3 R 2 492 AMYGDALACEiE. II. Peksica. roots once in two or three days, increasing the quantity as the fruit begins to swell, and as the shoots advance in growth. Also continue the operation of the engine regularly, and do not be afraid to hurt the foliage if the red spider appear upon them, and more particularly towards the top of the iiouse, as it is there the red spider is fostered by the extreme heat. Withhold water from the border, and cease to exercise the engine on the foliage when the fruit are swelling. — Gard. kal. /;. 401. Insects and diseases. — The red spider is the great enemy to jjeach and nectarine trees, but they are also attacked by blight, mildew, the aphis, thrips, and sometimes even the coccus. The blight, Abercrombie says, is caused by a small insect, very per- nicious both to the trees and fruit in their growth ; this is appa- rent by the leaves curling, and often by the ends of the shoots being bunched and clammy. In this case it is advisable to take off" the distempered leaves, and cut off the diseased ends of the shoots. Further to check the mischief, if the weather be hot and dry, give the trees a smart watering all over the branches by a garden engine, and repeat it two or three times a week in the afternoon when the power of the sun is declining. These waterings will clear the leaves, branches, and fruit, refresh and revive the whole considerably, and conduce greatly to exterminate the vermin. When the plants have begun to expand their blossoms and leaves, the aphis or green-fly makes its appearance ; in which case M'Phail directs to fill the house full of tobacco-smoke once a week or oftener. If there be any appearance of mildew, dust a little sulphur on the infected parts, and if the gum or canker be seen on the shoots, or on any parts of the trees, open the bark and cut out the dying wood. In- spect the trees in every part minutely, and if you perceive the bark dying or the gum oozing out of any part of the stem, cut off' the bark as far as it is dead or decaying, and if the branches be strong, that you cannot well effect it with your knife, take a chisel with a semicircular edge and a mallet and cut out the wood as far as you see it is affected ; you need not be afraid of hurting the tree, even if the branches or stem are cut half way. This method exposes the old wood to the sun and air, by which it is dried, and the tree is thereby assisted in casting off" the unwholesome juices, or those kept in it too long for want of a more dry genial climate (Gard. rem. 131.). J. Michell, of Moncrieff' House, Perthshire, hangs on his peach trees, when the fruit are ripe, large white glass phials, with a little jam or jelly in them, in order to entice large black flies, which he finds very destructive to peaches. Wasps he destroys by find- ing out their nests in the day time, and going in the evening with a candle, he introduces a burning stick smeared with wet gunpowder, which stupifies the wasps, and causes them to fall nearly dead, when he crushes them (Caled. hort. mem. 1. p. 194.). Nicol strongly recommends watering for keeping down insects, especially the red spider. If the green fly or thrips make their appearance, recourse must be had to fumigation. Shut the house dose at night, and fill it as full of tobacco- smoke as possible. If this be repeated the next evening they will be completely destroyed. Calm cloudy weather is the most favorable for this operation (Gard. kal. p. 840 and 350.). The coccus and chermes, he says, are not so inmiediately hurtful, and unless very numerous need not be much minded at this season, but they must be more particularly attended to at the time of pruning in November. The males, which have wings and are active, will be dislodged by the operation of the engine, and the females, which are stationary and adhere to the shoots and branches, if very numerous, may readily be crushed by the finger, or by a small flattish stick. In November, the winter pruning being finished, the plants and trellis are to be anointed with the composition recommended for vines, see vol. 1. p. 708. Gathering of the fruit. M'Phail advises laying moss or some soft material over the borders, to save those from being injured which drop of themselves. Sir Joseph Banks, quoting from a French author, states that peaches are never eaten in perfection if suflfered to ripen on the tree; they should be gathered just before they are quite soft, and kept at least 24 hours in the fruit chamber. Hort. trans, vol. 1. append. John Williams of Pitmaston says, " should the season prove wet when the peaches are ripe, they should be gathered, and placed for about two days in a dry airy room before they are eaten." Hort. trans. 2. p. 113. Ripening of the wood. Abercrombie says, " on account of the fruit of most sort of peaches ripening somewhat earlier than grapes, and the growth of the shoots stopping sooner than the runner-wood of vines, it is not so often necessary to assist the plant in September or October by artificial heat ; but in some of the late kinds, if, by the time the external air is down to 60°, the shoots have not taken a greenish-brown tint as high as several eyes from the origin, and if the blossom-buds on these, when full swelled, are not distinguishable from the oblong wood- buds, apply a little fire heat, and continue it till the leaves fall." Nicol directs attention to be paid to the ripening of the wood of peach trees in September. " A little fire heat may be necessary fully to mature the shoots, especially of young trees. Fire heat should be continued till the growth of the smaller and middle-sized shoots stop, their bottom parts become green- ish-brown, and the flower-buds upon tliem appear turgid, so as to be distinguishable from the wood-buds. The stronger, and more extreme shoots, of the dwarfs in particular, will continue to grow later than the above shoots, which as they are to be considerably shortened back in November for the production of wood to fill the trellis next season, is not very material, provided the bottom part be pretty well hardened." Resting of the mood. The management of the peach-house when at rest, Abercrombie says, " should be nearly the same as for the grape-house, except when there is but one set of frames to serve both an early peach-house and a late grape-house ; in which case, as soon as the young wood of the vine is perfectly ripened, the glasses should be brought back to the peach-house ; for although the fruit of the grape is to be set and ripened in a higher heat, the peach tree as a plant is more tender than the vine, and independently of forcing comes into blossom about two months sooner." M'Phail keeps on the glasses from the time tiie fiuit is gathered till he begins to force, in order to keep the wood dry ; but gives them all the air he can. Gard. rem. p. 367. Nicol exposes the house fully day and night, only shutting up in the time of heavy rains. Gard. kal. p. 420. Forcing the peach tree in pots. " All the varieties of peaches and nectarines," Abercrombie remarks, " are extremely well suited for forcing in large pots. Small plants intended to come in before or after those in the borders may be excited in the first stage in a distinct house, so as the temperature of that in which they are brought to finish fruiting be suited to their progress." The pots or tubs should be such as not to contain less than a cubic foot of earth, the soil should be lighter and richer than that recommended for the borders, and liquid manure should be plentifully supplied to make up in some degree for the confinement of the roots. They are best forced in a peach-house, but suc- ceed in a vinery or succession stove ; best of all, however, in a pit or Dutch frame, where the temperature can be regulated at pleasure, and where they are near the glass. Great care must be taken to supply them regularly with water, for which purpose some place saucers under the pots, others cover their surface with moss, or what is better, fresh cow or rotten horse dung. Casing the pots with ropes made of inoss is also a very good method, as it not only preserves an uniform degree of moisture, AiMYGDALACE;E. II. PiiiisicA, 493 but also of temperature. Of course the moss must be kept watered. Peach trees in pots are sometimes trained to small fan-trellises attached to the pot, but in general they arc pruned as dwarf standards, in which form they bear rather better than when trained. When the fruit is nearly ripe, the pots should be removed from the hot-house or vine-house to a cooler and more airy situation, or if in the pits the sashes may be taken off a part of every fine day. In other respects the treatment of peach trees in pots is similar to th;it of the trees in the bor- ders. With respect to the quality of fruit i\om peach trees in pots, J. Williams observes, " by far tiie best flavoured peaches I have ever tasted were from trees planted in large pots, and kept in a vinery from February tdl the first week in June, wlien the trees were removed into the open air, and iifter being shaded a little from the sun for the first ten days, were placed in the most open part of the garden till the fruit became ripe. Treated in this way the peach is beautifully coloured on the outside, and of a most exquisite flavour." Occasionally in very warm seasons ■peach trees in pots, when forced very early in the season, and afterwards plunged in the open air, will produce a second crop late in the autumn, but this is more a matter of curiosity than utility. It frequently happens with forced cherries and straw- berries. Hort. trans. 3. p. 367. Peach trees as standards. The peach bears remarkably well in the standard form, planted in the middle of the house, and the flavour of the fruit is universally acknowledged to be preferable to that grown on the trellis, from the comparatively free circula- tion of the air. The glass tent or moveable house might be most advantageously applied in this way, and when the fruit begins to ripen, the sashes could be removed, and applied to ripening a late crop of grapes against a common wall, or to cover pits or houses which had not been forced. Forcing peaches by dung heat. Sir Thomas Neave (Hort. trans. 5. p. 218.) forces peaches and nectarines principally by dung heat ; about 3 feet and a half of the bottom of the front wall of his peach-house is open brick-work, with a flue on the in- side, the top of which is covered with flat tiles. The inside of the house is filled with earth to within 2 feet of the bottom of the lights, and the trees planted as near as possible to the front wall, and trained under the lights or wires like vines ; the back wall of the pine-pit is built of the same height as the front of the peach-house, and 3 feet distant from it; this of course forms a space 3 feet wide for the hot dung, and as soon as he wishes to begin forcing, this space is filled with hot dung. Tlie roots being next the flue soon begin to feel the warmth of the dung. He finds great advantage from this method, and it is productive of no ill effects until the leaf buds begin to expand, and if the steam is not then perfectly sweet and moderate, the places left to admit it must be secured. The way in which this dung lining is placed is, that, while it is forcing the peaches and nectarines, it is assisting to work the pines in the pine-pit at the same time. By this means he has never failed in producing abundant crops of peaches and nectarines. In medicine peach blossoms are recommended as an anthel- mintic purgative. They are given in infusion; half an ounce of the fresh petals or a drachm of the dry for a dose. A syrup made from peach blossoms is officinal in Wirteraberg. Common Peach. Fl. April, iMay. Clt. 1562. Tree 10 to 15 feet. 2 P. L^'vis (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 487.) fruit smooth, glabrous. I;. H. Native of Persia. Amygdalus Persica, Lam. diet. 1. p. 100. no. 21-27. Amygdalus Persica necturina. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 194."Noisett. jard. fruct. p. 89-90. no. 17-22. t. 20. f. 23. t. 21. f. 3-4. The nectarine is distinguished from the peach by its smooth, and rather firmer, more plump fruit. In other respects the general history of the peach ecpi.TJly applies to the nectarine, as well as its culture and uses. Forsyth says, " the fruit is called nectarine from nectar, the poetical drink of the gods." The varieties of the nectarine are as follow. J'ar. a; flesh separating from the stone. Called in French brtignons, and in Knghsh freestone nectarines. A list of freestone or melting nectarines. 1 Aromatic. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit pale yellow, red on the exposed side, middle-sized, ripen- ing about the beginning of September. Resembles the violette hdtire. 2 Dalgone. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit large, pale greenish, but red on the sunny side, ripening in the beginning of September. A first-rate sort. 3 Boston. Leaves with globose glands. Flowers small. Fruit middle-sized, orange, but dark red on the sunny side, rijjening about the beginning of September. A second-rate kind. 4 Brinion, hriignon red at the stone, violet red at the stone. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit large, pale yellow, red on the sunny side, ripening about the beginning of September. A first-rate sort. 5 Cerise peche, cherry nectarine. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit small, whitish, but red on the sunny side, ripening about the end of August. More a subject of curiosity than use. 6 Claremont. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. 7 Desprez, Depres. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers large. 8 Du Tellier's, due de Telia, du Tilly's. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit large, pale green and red, ripen- ing in the beginning of September. A first-rate sort. 9 Downton. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit large, pale green and red, ripening about the end of Au- gust. A first-rate sort. 10 Elrvge, common elriige, Claremont, Oallands, Temple's of some. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit middle-sized, pale green and red, ripening about the beginning of September. Flesh almost white to the stone, excellent. A good bearer, and forces very well. 1 1 Elriige of Miller. Leaves without glands. Flowers small. 12 Fuirchild's, Fuirchild's early. Forsyth. Leaves with reni- form glands. Flowers small. Fruit small, green, but red on the sunny side, ripening in the beginning and middle of August. Esteemed chiefly for its earliness. 13 Genoa, late Genoa, Genoese. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. 1 4 Greenshield's late. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit middle-sized, greenish on one side, and red on the other, ripening about the end of September. 15 Hoy's new seedling. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit middle-sized, pale green and red, ripening about the beginning of September. A first-rate sort, resembling the Elruge. 16 Jaune lisse, lisse jattne, jaune lisse tardive, Rousanne, mofrin. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers large. Fruit yellow, small, ripening in October. A second-rate sort. 17 Murrey, Murry (Forsyth), hiack Mury. Leaves with reni- form glands. Flowers small. Fruit middle-sized, pale green on one side, and dark red on the other, ripening in the end of August. A first-rate sort. 18 Large melting. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. 19 Ord's new. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. 20 Peterborough, late green, vermash, Forsyth. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit middle-sized, green, ripening in the middle of October. A second-rate sort. 494 AMYGDALACEjE. II. Persica. 21 Pilmaston orange, Williams's orange, Williams's seedling. Leaves with f^lobose glands. Flowers large. Fruit large, orange and dark red, ripening about the end of August, An excellent, hardy, and good bearer. 22 Scarlet of Forsyth. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit small, fine scarlet and pale red, ripening about the end of August. 23 Hunt's tanmy. Hunt's early tanmy. Leaves without glands. Flowers small. Fruit middle-sized, orange and dark red, ripen- ing from the middle to the end of August. A very distinct sort, worthy of cultivation for its earliness. 24 Temple's (Lang. t. 30.), Temple. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit middle-sized, pale green and red, ripening about the beginning of September. A first-rate sort. 25 Vermash, true vermash. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers large. Fruit middle-sized, green on one side, and red on the other, ripening about the end of August. A first-rate, but rare sort. 26 Violette grosse, grosse violette hdtive, violette de courson, le gros hrvgnon in some parts of the continent. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit large, pale greenish and red, ripening in the beginning of September. A first-rate sort, having the flesh very red at the stone. 27 Violette hdtive (Hooker, t. 15.), violet, early violet, lord Selsey's elruge, Hampton Court, large scarlet, new scarlet, ver- mash of some, petite violette hdtive. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit large, pale green and red, ripen- ing about the end of August. A first-rate sort, forces well. 28 Violette tardive, violette marbree, violet panachee. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. 29 New white. Neat's white, while, Flanders (Hook. t. 30.), Emmerton's new while, Cowdray white, large white. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers large. Fruit large, white, ripening about the beginning of September. In a favourable soil and warm exposure both the ne7v and old white acquire an excellent flavour ; under other circumstances only indifterent. 30 Old white. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers large. Fruit large, white, ripening in the beginning of August. A first- rate sort. Var. ft; flesh adhering to the stone. Called in French ^sec/iw- violettes, and in English clingstone nectarines. List of ding-stone nectarines. 1 Aiton's seedling. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit large, dark brown, red on the sunny side, ripening in the beginning and middle of September. A second-rate fruit. 2 Brugnon, Italian. (Lang. t. 29.) Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit large, greenish, but dark red on the sunny side, ripening in August. A second-rate fruit. 3 Brugnon hdtif, early brugnon. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. 4 Brugnon violet musque, brugnon musque (Duham. 26.), brugnon, red Roman. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers large. Fruit middle-sized, pale yellow, but red on the exposed side. A second-rate fruit. Ripens in September. 5 £aj-/ypa^'e (Forsyth, 57.). Leaves without glands. Flowers large. 6 Golden (Lang. t. 29.), fine gold-fleshed, orange. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit middle-sized, yel- low, but red on the exposed side. Flesh orange-coloured. A second-rate fruit, ripening in the beginning or middle of Sep- tember. 7 Pince's golden. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers large. Fruit large, orange, but dark red on the exposed side. ripening throughout September. As a cling-stone nectarine very good. 8 Imperatrice. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. Fruit large, dark red. A first-rate fruit. Hangs and shrivels like a Newington. 9 Newington, lute Newington (Lang. t. 29.), scarlet Newing- ton, old Newington, Smith' s Newington, French Newington, brug- non de Newington de VAngleterre, rough Roman, red Roman of some, Sion-hill, Anderdon's, Aiiderson's round. Leaves without glands. Flowers large. Fruit large, dark, ripening in Septem- ber. A good bearer, excellent when beginning to shrivel. 10 Early Newington (Forsyth, 27.), early black Newington, black, early black, new early Newington, new dark Newington, Lucombe's seedling, Lucombe's black. Leaves without glands. Flowers large. Fruit large, dark red, ripening in the end of August. A first-rate sort, larger than the Newington. 11 Tawny Newington. Leaves without glands. Flowers large. Fruit large, yellowish brown, red on the sunny side, ripening in the beginning and middle of August. A first-rate sort. 12 West Dean Newington. Leaves without glands. Flowers large. 13 Roman, red Roman, old Roman, brugnon musque (Duham. no. 26.), brugnon violet musque of some. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers large. Fruit large, green brown and red, ripening in the beginning and middle of August. A first-rate sort. 14 Royal Buckfast. Leaves without glands. Flowers large. Has much resemblance to the Newington. 15 Tawny, late tawny. Murrey of some. Leaves with reni- form glands. Flowers small. F'ruit middle-sized, brown, and red, ripening in the middle of September. A second-rate sort. t Varieties of nectarines not well known. 1 Bright red alberge. 2 Argyle. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. 3 Bowden. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers large. 4 Brugnon tardif. 5 Ford's seedling. Leaves with reniform glands. 6 Fox's seedling. 7 Freeman's. 8 Late French. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. 9 Lyndoch. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. 10 Pholia. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. 1 1 Please's seedling. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers large. 12 Sands's seedling. Leaves without glands. Flowers large. 13 Small orange. Leaves with globose glands. 14 Spring-grove. Leaves with reniform glands. Flowers small. 1 5 Veitch's. Leaves without glands. Selection of sorts. Forsyth recommends for a small garden ; 1 Fairchild's early. 2 Elruge. 3 Scarlet. 4 Newington. 5 Red Roman. 6 Temple. — Those of the Dalkeith garden are as follow. Such as are marked with a f are planted against a hot wall. 1 Roman -\\ 2 Du Tellier's -j-. 3 Elruge \. 4 Brug- non -|-. 5 Tem^ile's f. 6 Murrey f. 7 Fairchild's. 8 Scarlet f. 9 Claremont f. The surest way of having superior kinds is to select according to quality from the catalogue given. Insects. " On account of the smoothness of the skin of the fruit," Forsyth says, " it suffers more from the wood-louse, ear- wigs, &-C. than the peach ; it will therefore be necessary to hang up a greater number of bundles of bean-stalks about these than about any other fruit trees. Wasps are also very destructive to nectarines, and the trees are very liable to be infested with the red spider." AMYGDALACEjE. III. AnMENiACA. 495 Culture, Sec. Tliis is in all respects the same as for the peach. 5woo//(-fruitcd Peach or Nectarine. Fl. April, May. Tree 10 to IS feet. III. ARMENTACA (so called from the apricot heing origi- nally from Armenia). Toiirn. inst. t. 399. Juss. gen. 341. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 485. prod. 2. p. .531. — Frunus species of Lin. and others. LiN. SYST. Icosandria, Monogijnia. Drupe ovate-globose, fleshy, covered with a velvety skin, containing a nut or stone, uhich is acute at one end, and blunt at the other, with a furrow on both sides ; the rest smooth, not wrinkled. — Small trees. Leaves when young convolute. Flowers rising before the leaves from scaly buds, solitary or few together, almost sessile. 1 A. VULGARIS (Lam. diet. 1. p. 2.) flowers sessile ; leaves ovate or cordate, glabrous. H . H. Native of Armenia. Pru- nus Armeniaca, Lin. spec. 679. Malus Armeniaca of the an- cients, Abricol of the French, Abricosenhaum of the Germans, and Albjcocco of the Italians. The apricot is a low tree, of rather crooked growth, witii broad, roundish, cordate or ovate, glandularly-serrated leaves. The flowers are white, tinged with dusky red. The fruit round, yellow both within and with- out, firmer than plums and most peaches, inclosing a smooth compressed stone, like that of the plum. The flowers appear in April on the shoots of the preceding year, and on spurs of two or more years old, and tlie fruit ripens in September. It is sup- posed to have originated in Armenia, but Regnier and Sickler assign it a parallel between the Niger and the Atlas ; and Pallas states it to be a native of the whole of the Caucasus, the moun- tains there to the top being covered with it. It appears from Turner's herbal that the apricot was procuied out of Italy by Wolfe, a French priest, gardener to Henry VIII. The fruit appears to have been known in Italy in the time of Dioscorides under the name of pracocia, probably as Regnier supposes from the Arabic berkoch, whence the Tuscan bacoche or albjcocco, and the English apricock, or as professor Martin observes, a tree, when first introduced, might have been called a praccox or early fruit, and gardeners taking the article a for the first syllable of the word, might easily have corrupted it to ajiricocks. The orthography seems to have been finally changed to apricot about the end of the last century, as Justice in 1764 writes apricock, and Kyle and Moredun in 1782 apricot. Use. The fruit is used in a raw state at the dessert, and is esteemed next to the peach and nectarine ; it is also made into marmalades, jellies, and preserves. Grossier says, that lozenges are made by the Chinese from the clarified juice, which, dis- solved by water, yield a cool refreshing beverage ; oil may be extracted from the nut, and the young shoots yield a fine golden cinnamon colour to wool. Varieties. Parkinson in 1629 enumerates six; Rea in 1720 seven; the Luxembourg garden catalogue in 1800 fifteen; but the catalogue published by the Horticultural Society in the pre- sent year enumerates 41. They are as follow : I. Kernels bitter. * Fruit small, round, early. Flowers small. 1 Red masculine apricot (Forsyth, treat, p. 2.), early red mas- culine (Hort. soc. cat. no. 9.), brown masculine of some collec- tions, abricol precoce or abricotin (Nois. man. 489.), frithe mus- catellcr aprikose (Baum. tasch. p. 389.), abricot hatif musque (Duham. fruct. 1. p. 133. Mayer, nom. no. 1. t. 2. f. 1. Nois. jard. fr. t. 1.), musque hatif, Hort. Leaves roundish, cordate. Fruit small. Skin dull, honey yellow. Flesh pale yellow, juicy, and tender, parting from the stone. An early and excel- lent fruit. 2 White masculine {Wort, trans. 2. ser. 1. p. 59.), early white masculine (Hort. soc. cat. no. 8.), abricot blanc (Duham. arb. fr. 1. p. 134.), abricot peche (Mayer, pom. fr. 1. p. 30, &c.), tvhite Algiers of some gardens. The chief recommendation of this and the former kind is their early time of ripening. * * Fruit large, t Channel of the stone closed up. J Flesh parting from the stone. 3 Large early apricot (Hort. trans. 2. ser. 1. p. 66. Hort. soc. cat. no. 47. Pom. mag. t. \^'l.), abricot gros precoce, and abricot rfe/ac?i(Aud. cat.), abricol de St. Jaen rouge mhnnguedioc, abri- cot gros d'AU'jcandrie in Provence, die grosse fruhe apricose, (Sickler, teutsche 12. t. 12.) Leaves large, broad, oval, tapering to the petiole. Fruit large, oblong, the back nearly straight. Skin downy, bright orange, red next the sun, pale orange on the other side. Flesh orange-coloured, juicy, rich. An excellent early sort, ripening about the middle of July. 4 Roman apricot (Langl. pom. p. 89. t. 15. f. 4. Pom. mag. t. 13. Hort. trans. 2. ser. 1. p. 61.), Roman or common (.Switzer, fruit, gard. p. 100.), cootwoh (Forsyth), abricot commun (Duham. arbr.fr. 1. p. 135. t. 2. Nois. jard. fr. p. 2. t. 1.), gemeine apri- cose (Kraft, pom. aiistr. 1. p. 31. &c.), grosse gemeine apricose (Mayer, pom. fr. 1. p. 31. t. 3.), Brussels apricot and Turkey apricot oi' some collections. Leaves broad, cordate. Fruit mid- dle-sized, dull straw-coloured, with a little dotting on the sunny side, of an orange red, inclining to oval. Flesh of a dull pale straw-colour, soft, soon becoming mealy, and requiring to be eaten rather before its maturity. This sort bears abundantly, and ripens about the beginning of August ; but it is more fit for preserving than for the dessert, the juice being nuich less highly flavoured than that of many sorts. 5 Blotched-leavcd Roman apricot (Hort. trans. 2. ser. 1. p.62.), blotched Turkey, variegated Turkey, strijyed Turkey (Hort. soc. cat. no. 27.), macule of the French, abricotier a feuilles pana- chees (Duham. arb. fr. 1. p. 145.), abricot commun a feuilles jianachies de Jaune (Noisett. jard. fr. p. 2.), abricot bunte oder gefleckte apricose, (Mayer, pom. fr. 1. p. 34. t. 4.) Leaves blotched with a pale yellow or golden colour. Fruit much like that of the Roman or common apricot. 6 Royal apricot (Pom. mag. 1. t. 2. Hort. trans. 2. ser. 1. p. 63.), abricot royale, (Bon. jard. 1827. p. 288. Nois. man. 2. p. 490.) Leaves large, roundish cordate or ovate. Fruit about the size of that o{ (Ue moorpark, rather oval, of a dull yellow colour, slightly coloured with red in a small space. Flesh pale orange, very firm, juicy, sweet, and high flavoured, with a slight degree of acidity. This is a very valuable sort, and ripens about 10 days sooner than the moorpark. 7 Brussels apricot, (Hort. trans. 2. ser. 1. p. 64.) Fruit oval, compressed, of a pale orange colour, acquiring a brown tinge, with deep blood red specks next the sun. The flesh is juicy, rather crisp, and the fruit is most excellent for preserving. 8 Shipley's apricot (Hort. soc. cat. no. 24. trans. 2. ser. 1. p. 64.) Blenheim, Shipley's large, Miss Shipley's, of various collections. A fine looking fruit, very like the Roman, but larger, oval, com- pressed. Skin clear, yellow, minutely speckled with brown. Flesh of a very bright deep orange, juicy, with a pleasant sweet- ish acid flavour, without much scent. The fruit is rather more downy than the Roman, which it resembles. It ripens about the last week in July. 9 Almond apricot {Wort, trans. 2. ser. l.p. &5.), abricol aman- dier, (Hort. soc. cat. no. 34.) In form like the Roman. Skin pale straw coloured, blotched with i)inkish spots next the sun. Flesh pale yellow, dry, with very little flavour. This sort has little or no merit. It ripens about the end of July. 496 AMYGDALACE^. III. Armeniaca. J J Flesh adhering to the stone. 10 Montgamet apricot (Hort. trans. 2. ser. l.p. 65.), albergier de Montgamet(,Hon. soc. cat. no. 31.) Leaves broad and rounded at the base, and acuminated at the apex. Fruit small, about half as large as the n'hite masculine, which it resembles outwardly. Skin pale clear yellow, slightly tinged with red next the sun. Flesh firm, watery, juicy, but without much flavour. This sort is not much esteemed, and is chiefly used for preserving. It ripens at the end of July. t t Channel of the stone impervious. 11 Moorpark apricot (Nicol, gard. kal. p. 167. Brookshaw, pom. brit. t. 23.), Anson s,Dunmorc's, Dunmore's Breda, Temple's, imperial Anson, Oldaker's moorpark, Sudlorv's moorpark (Hort. soc. cat.), peach apricot (Forsyth, treat. 1. p. 4.), ahricot de Nancy (Duhain. arb. fr. 1. p. 144. t. 6. &c.), abricot peche (Duham. arb. fr. 1. p. 144.), ahricot de Tours (Hort. soc. cat. no. 51.), abricot peche, abricot de Nuremberg ou de JVirtemberg, abricot de Piemont, Aud. cat. Leaves large, roundish, acumi- nated. Fruit large, roundish, compressed. Skin of a brownish orange colour. Flesh dull reddish-orange, juicy, and of a high and excellent flavour, peculiar to this sort, never liable to be- come mealy. This is one of the best of the kinds. 12 Hemskirke apricot (Hort. soc. cat. no. 4. Pom. mag. 1. 1. 11. Hort. trans. 2. ser. 1 . p. 69.). Leaves broad, much like those of the moorpark. Fruit rather large, roundish, slightly compressed, very like the moorjMrk. Flesh very bright, deep, clear orange, tender, and juicy, with a particular rich delicate flavour. This sort comes next to moorpark for its excellence. II. Kernels sweet. * Flesh parting from the stone. 13 Breda apricot (Hort. soc. cat. no. 2. Pom. mag. t. 146.), Brussels or Breda (Langley, pom. p. 89.), abricot dc Hollande ou Amande Aveline {ttuham. arb. fr. l.p. 138. t. 4. &-c.), Hollan- dische Brediiische oder Ananas apricose (Baumann, tasch. p. 389.) Holland (Forsyth, treat, p. 5.), ahricot de Nancy (Sickler, teutsche, p. 299.) Leaves broadly cordate, acuminated. Fruit rather small, roundish. Skin of a deep brownish colour where exposed to the sun. Flesh deep orange, juicy, rich and high flavoured. Kernel sweet, like a hazel-nut. Ripens from the beginning to the middle of August on walls, and its perfection is considerably prolonged on standards. 14 Angoumois apricot (Duham. arb. fr. p. 137. t. 3. Hort. trans. 2. ser. l.p. 71.), apricose ans dim Angoumois die roihe abri- cose (Mayer, pom. fr. p. 32.), rothe Angoumois (Baumann, tasch. p. 388.). Leaves rather small, oval, tapering to both extremities. Fruit about the size of the Breda, and like it in shape. Skin yellow where shaded, but of a very deep reddish brown on the exposed side. Flesh reddish orange, juicy, sweet, mixed with a slight acidity, very agreeable. Kernel sweet, like a nut. This sort ripens rather earlier than the Breda. 15 Musch-miisch aj>ricot{J^o\s. mm\.\). 410. Hort. trans. 2. ser. l.p. 72. t. \.) Abricot d' Alexandrie,i)s.xsSt.\)Ou\. a\is\.x.\>. Zd. t. 58. f. 1.). Leaves roundish, subcordate, acuminated, doubly serrated. Fruit about the size of the masculine, roundish, com- pressed. Skin straw coloured next the wall, deep orange in the sun, slightly downy. Flesh tender, very sweet, semi-transparent. Kernel very sweet, like a nut. It appears to be a native of the oases of Upper Egypt, where the fruit is gathered and dried in large quantities for sale. It is not sufficiently known to judge how far it may become a valuable variety in this country. 16 Turkey apricot (Mill. diet. no. 5. Hort. trans. 2. ser. 1. p. 73.). Large Turkey of some nurseries, Ahricot de Nancy, La Bretonnerie {Nois jard. fr. p. 3.) Leaves middle-sized, roundish, acuminated. Fruit rather largish, very handsome, deep yellow, with a number of orange red spots and blotches next the sun, nearly spherical, not compressed. Flesh pale yellow, firm, juicy, sweet, with a little acid, very rich and ex- cellent. Kernel sweet, like that of the almond. Ripens on a south wall about the middle of August, and in other situations may be prolonged to the end of the month. It is an excellent sort. * * Flesh adhering to the stone. 17 Orange apricot (Switzer, fruit gard. p. 100. Hort. trans. 2. ser. 1. p. 74 ), early orange, royal orange, royal George, royal Persian (Hort. soc. cat.), D'orange (Knoop, pom. p. 65.), leaves flat, pendulous, tapering. F"ruit almost spherical, downy, of a more intense orange colour than other apricots, interspersed with some minute specks. Flesh tender, bright orange, in some seasons juicy, but not highly flavoured. Kernel sweet. Gene- rally an abundant bearer, and is chiefly usefid for preserving. The remaining sorts are described in books, upon which no sufficient information has been procured, but none of these are of any importance. ■\ List of apricots not sufficiently known, but the greater part of them are not worth notice in this country. 1 Albergier ordinaire. 2 Alhergier a fruit long. 3 Alber- gier ^ fruit rond. 4 Alhergier de Tours. The albergiers are of little value in this country ; in France they are produced from the stone, and are preferred for stocks. 5 Algiers. 6 Angou- mois hatif. 7 Angoumois tardif. 8 Angoumois rouge. 9 Blanc gros. 10 Brussels. 11 De Carpentras masque. 12 George the Fourth. 13 De Luxembourg. 14 White masculine, early white masculine, blanc, white Algiers? 15 Musque mi-nain. 16 Royal peach apricot. 17 Persian. 18 Persique. 19 De Portugal, male. 20 De Provence. 21 Russian. 22 Saint Cross. 23 Transparent. 24 Turkey, De Nancy of some, large Turkey. Choice of sorts. Those grown in the Dalkeith gardens are as follow : — 1 Moorpark. 2 Breda early. 3 Masculine, early. 4 Brussels. 5 Orange, early. The list given should be ex- amined, and the sorts chosen according to their quality. Propagation. — New varieties are procured from the seed as in the peach, and approved sorts are perpetuated by budding, generally on muscle or plum stocks. The Brussels and Breda, when intended for standards, are budded on the St. Jidian plum, which produces a strong clean stem, but for the rest any stock will do, provided it be free and thriving. Knight (hort. trans. 2. p. 19.) recommends budding the moorpark on an apricot stock, which he has found prevents the trees from becoming diseased and debilitated, which they generally do on plum stocks. Bud- ding apricots is generally performed early in the season, from the middle of June to the end of July. For dwarfs, the bud is inserted 6 or 8 inches from the ground ; and the sorts are some- times twice budded, or one variety budded on another, which is said to keep the trees in a more dwarf state. For riders or standards they are budded on plum stocks, 4 or 5 feet from the ground. Miller prefers half standards, budded 3 or 4 feet from the ground ; the trees so produced being less liable to suffer from high winds. Choice of plants. — Abercrombie prefers trees of 2 or 3 years' growth from the bud, and fit for immediate bearing. Forsyth makes choice of those plants which have the strongest and cleanest stems ; and if he can such as have been headed down of 2 or 3 years' growth, as they will bear and fill the walls much sooner than those which have not been so treated. He says. AMYGDALACEiE. III. Aumeniaca. 497 " make choice of trees with one stem, orif tlioy liave two, one of them should be cut oft"; for by plantin;:t those with two stems, the middle of the tree is left naked, and, of course, one third of the wall remains uncovered." Season of planting. — Abercrombic says the best season is from the fall of the leaf until February or March. Forsyth says the best time is in August, when the leaf begins to fall. Final jykinting. — The Breda and Brussels are occasionally planted as standards or espaliers in warm situations ; and in these states, in fine seasons, produce more highly flavoured fruit than on walls. The other varieties are generally planted against walls, which Miller and Forsytli say shoidd have an east or west aspect, for if they are planted full south, the heat causes them to be mealy before they are eatable. Tiie borders should not be less than 6 or 8 feet wide, and 2 or 2^ feet deep. The soil a light rich loam, perfectly dry below. Standard apricots, according to Abercrombie, do not come into bearing under a considerable number of years, sometimes 10 or 12; but then the fruit, in a congenial situation, is abundant, and of the finest flavour. The training of the plant to a trellis, almost touching the south wall, will improve the flavour of the apricot, and render it more succulent than if trained against the wall. Mode of hearing. The varieties of the apricot in general bear upon the young shoots of last year, and casually upon small spurs, rising on the two or three years' old fruit branches. The Moorpark bears chiefly on last year's shoots, and on close spurs formed on the two years' old wood. The bearing shoots emit the blossom-buds immediately from the eyes along the sides ; and the buds have a round and swelling appearance. Pruning wall trees — The general culture of wall apricots comprehends a summer and w'inter course of regulation by prun- ing and training. •Summer pruning. — Begin the summer pruning in May, or early in June, and continue it occasionally in July and Augvtst, &c. This pruning is principally to regulate the young shoots of the same year. In the first place take off close all the fore- right shoots, and others that are ill-placed or irregular, or too luxuriant in growth, taking care to retain a competent supply of choice, well-placed, moderately growing side shoots, with a good leader to each mother branch. Continue these mostly at their full length all the summer, regularly trained in close to the wall, to procure a sufficiency to choose from in the general winter pruning for new bearers next year. If the summer re- gulation commence early, while the shoots are quite young, and, as it were, herbaceous, 1, 2, 3, or 4 inches long, those improper to retain may be detached with the finger and thumb ; Ijut when of firmer growth they must be removed with the knife. If any very strong siioot rise in any casually vacant part, it may be topped in June, which will cause it to produce several la- terals the same year of more moderate growth, eligible for train- ing in to supply the vacancy. Thinning the fruit. — Sometimes the fruit are much too nu- merous, often growing in clusters, in which case thin them in May and the beginning of June in their young green state, leaving the most promising singly at 3 or 4 inches' distance, or from about 3 to 6 on the respective shoots, according to their strength. The apricots so thinned off, and the first principal green crop are esteemed very fine for tarts. Winter pruning. — This maybe performed either at the fall of the leaf, or in mild intervals from that time until the begin- ning of March. When it is deferred until the buds begin to swell, the promising shoots can be the better distinguished. It comprehends a general regulation, both of the last year's shoots and the older branches. A general supply of the most regular placed young shoots must be every where retained for succes- sional bearers the ensuing year. Cut out some of the most VOL. II. naked part of the two last years' bearers, and naked old branches not furnished with competent supplies of young wood or with fruit-spurs, either to their origin, or to some well-directed la- teral, as most expedient, to make room for training a general supply of the new bearers retained, and cut away all the decayed wood and old stumps. Generally observe in this pruning to retain one leading shoot at the end of each branch, either a naturally- placed terminal, or one formed by cutting, where a vacuity is to be furnished with a proper leader. Let the shoots retained for bearers be moderately shortened ; strong shoots reduced in the least proportion, cutting oft" one-fourth or less of their length ; from weak slioots take away the third, and sometimes half. This shortening will conduce to the production of a competency of lateral shoots the ensuing summer from the lower and middle placed eyes ; whereas without it, the new shoots would proceed mostly from the top, and leave the under part of the mother branches naked, and the lower and middle part of the tree unfurnished with proper supplies of bearing wood. Never prune below all the blossom-buds, except to provide wood, in which case, cut nearer to the origin of the branch, as in these trees, small fruit-spurs, an inch or two long, often appear on some of the two or three years' branches, furnished with blossom- buds ; these spurs should generally be retained for bearing ; but when any project foreright from the wall, cut them in accord- ingly, for the spurs projecting above 3 inches, though they may set their fruit, seldom ripen it, unless the season and situation are both favorable. The thick clusters of spurs, which are apt to form on aged trees, ought also to be thinned. As each tree is pruned, nail it, laying in the branches and shoots from 3 to 6 inches' distance, straight, and close to the wall. Pruning espaliers. — As directed for wall trees. Pruning standards Half standards will require only occa- sional pruning, to regvdate any branches which are too numerous, too extended, or cross placed, and to remove any casually un- fruitful parts, and dead wood. At the same time the regular branches forming the head of the tree should not be generally shortened, but permitted to advance in free growth. — Aber- crombie. Training the apricot tree. — This is generally done in the fan manner, which is the method of training not only for the apiricol, but for wall trees generally. Forsyth recommends a mode be- tween the fan and horizontal manner. Renovating old decaying trees. — Forsyth had the greatest suc- cess in this department of fruit tree culture, by cutting down to within a foot or 1 8 inches, or more occasionally, of the ground, and then renewing the soil of the border. Gathering. — The apricot is apt to become mealy if left on the tree till over ripe. It should be gathered with the peach- gatherer while moderately firm. Insects, diseases, Sfc. — As the fruit ripens early, it is very liable to be attacked by wasps and large flies, which should be kept off by a net, stretched a foot or more apart from the wall or trellis. The other insects, and the diseases of the tree are the same as in the peach tree ; but it is not nearly so obnoxious to their attacks, probably owing to the comparatively hard na- ture of its bark and wood, and coriaceous leaves. Forcing the apricot. — Tlie ajnieot docs not force well ; but a few are sometimes tried in pots, and placed in a peach-house and forced in the same manner as peaches and nectarines, see p. 492. ComjBon Apricot. Fl. Feb. Mar. Clt. 1548. Tr. lOto 15 ft. 2 A. dasyca'rpa (Pers. ench. 2. p. 36.) leaves ovate, acumin- ated, serrated ; petioles glandular ; flowers pedicellate ; pedicels filiform. Jj . H. Native country unknown. A. atropurpurea, Lois, in Duham. edit. nov. 5. p. 172. t. 15. f. 1. Priinus dasycarpa, Ehrh. bietr. 6. p. 90. Lodd. bot. cab. 1250. Lindl. hot. reg. 1243. 3S 498 AMYGDALACE^. III. Armeniaca. IV. Prunus. Prunus Armeniaca nigra, Desf. cat. ed. 2. p. 206. In a spe- cimen that flowered in the Botanical Garden at Geneva, the calyx was purple and 6-lobed, the petals 6 in number, and the stamens 24. This species is called Ahricot noir in French gar- dens, the fruit black and eatable. It is supposed to be a native of the Levant. The flowers are white. Thick-fruiled Apricot. Fl. Apr. Clt. 1800. Tr. 10 to 1.5 ft. 3 A. PERSiciFOLiA (Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 172. t. 552. f. 1.) leaves ovate, short, or lanceolate, lobulate ; petioles glandular; flowers pedicellate. fj. H. Native country un- known. Flesh of fruit variegated with yellow and red, eatable. Called in France Ahricot noir a feuilles de jiecher, ox peach- leaved black apricot. Corolla white. Peach-leaved Apricot. Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1800. Tree 10 to 15 feet. 4 A. Sibi'rica (Pers. ench. 2. p. 36.) leaves ovate, acumin- ated; petiole glandless. I? . H. Native of the ulterior moun- tains of Siberia. Amm. ruth. 272. t. 29. Prunus Sibirica, Lin. spec. p. 679. Pall. ross. 1. p. 15. t. 8. This tree is much like the common apricot in appearance, but smaller in all its parts ; the petioles are longer and destitute of any gland ; the leaves are of the form of those of the birch tree ; the fruit is small, juiceless, and sour or acid, and contains a bitter kernel. In transalpine Dauria, the north side of the mountains in May are clothed with the purple flowers of Rhododendron Dau- ricum and the south side with the rose-coloured blossoms of this tree. Siberian Apricot. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1788. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 5 A. Briganti'aca (Pers. ench. 2. p. 36.) leaves somewhat cordate, acuminated, sharply toothed ; the teeth numerous, and lapping over each other ; flowers glomerate, almost sessile. ^ . H. Native of Dauphiny, near (Brigantia) Brianqon. Prfinus Brigantlaca, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 535. Lois, in Duliam. ed. nov. 5. t. 59. Flowers white or pink. From the seeds of this tree a fixed oil, commonly called huile de marmote is obtained by ex- pression. It is used instead of olive or almond oil. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from A. Sibirica. Briancon Apricot. Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1819. Sh. 6 to 8 ft. Cult. The species are all increased by budding on the same kind of stocks recommended for the common apricot. They grow in any kind of soil, and are very ornamental for shrub- beries in spring. IV. PRU'NUS (said to be a word of Asiatic origin, the wild plant, according to Galen, being called irpovjivoQ, in Asia, from the Greek 7rpou>')j, which occurs in Theophrastus). Tourn. inst. t. 398. Juss. gen. 341. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 483. prod. 2. p. 532. — Prunophora, Neck, elem.no. 719. Prunus, species of Lin. and others. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Monogynia. Drupe ovate, or ob- long, fleshy, quite glabrous, covered with a kind of glaucous bloom, containing a compressed nut or putamen, which is acute at both ends, and a little furrowed on the margin, the rest smooth. Trees or shrubs. Leaves convolute when young. Flowers usually disposed in umbellate fascicles, solitary on the pedicels, rising either after or before the leaves. 1 P. spiNOSA (Lin. spec. 681.) branches spinose ; peduncles solitary ; calyx campanulate, with obtuse lobes, which are longer than the tube ; leaves obovate-elliptic, or ovate, smooth except when young, sharply and doubly serrated ; fruit globose. It . H. Native of Europe and America; plentiful in Britain, in hedges and thickets. Vahl. fl. dan. t. 926. Smith, engl. bot. 8t2. Woodv. med. bot. t. 84. Blackw. icon. t. 494. P. sylvestris, Bauh.pin, 444. STrociae, Theophrastus. Spinus, Virgil. Flowers white, rising before or with the leaves. Fruit sour or acid, black, roundish, covered with bluish bloom. The black thorn is not so good as the white thorn for hedges, because it spreads its roots wide and encroaches upon the pastures ; but it is ex- cellent for dead fences, and to lay in covered drains. The fruit, when ripe, makes an excellent preserve ; unripe the inspissated juice forms the German acacia, and affords an almost indelible ink, used to mark linens. It is used in home-made wines, to communicate the colour and roughness of red port. The tender leaves, dried, are sometimes used as a substitute for tea, and is the best substitute that has been yet tried, and it is said they have been used in mixing with the Chinese tea. Knight and others consider the sloe as the parent of the bullace plum (P. insititia) and the varieties of the common plum (P. domestica). Sloes have been employed as a styptic medicine from the time of Dioscorides. They have been recommended in diarrhoeas and hasmorrhages, and as gargles in the swellings of the tonsils and uvula. Dr. Cullen considers them as the most powerful of acerb fruits, and as agreeable and useful astringents. The flowers with their calyxes, are moderately purgative : the dose is an ounce infused in water. As a shrubbery plant the sloe is most ornamental, blossoming before all others of tlie Printts tribe. Far. a, vulgaris (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 532.) leaves obovate-elliptic ; fruit dark purple. P. spinosa, Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 185. t. 54. f. 1. There is a variegated-leaved kind of this. Far. ft, microcdrpa (Wallr. exsic. cent. I. no. 45.) leaves elliptic, narrow, bluntish ; fruit smaller. Var. y, macrochpa (Wallr. exsic. cent. 1. no. 45.) leaves obovate, bluntisli ; fruit large, dark purple. Native of Ger- many. Perhaps this is P. domestica, var. Z, Juliana. Var. i, oviila (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 532.) leaves ovate-roundish. — Blackw. herb. t. 494. Thorny Plum, Black-thorn, or Sloe. Fl. Mar. Apr. Brit. Shrub 10 to 15 feet. 2 P. insiti'tia (Lin. spec. 680.) branches spiny at the apex ; peduncles twin ; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, convolute, downy beneath ; fruit roundish. Tj . H. Native of Germany and France, as well as of Britain, in hedges. Smith, engl. bot. 841.— Duham. arb. 2. t. 41. Black Bullace tree. Mill. diet, no. 31. The stipulas are fringed. The flowers are white. The fruit is globular, black, or white, of an acid taste, but so tempered by sweetness and roughness as not to be unpleasant, especially after it is mellowed by frost. A conserve is prepared by mixing its pulp with thrice its weight of sugar. The bark of the roots and branches is considerably styptic. An infusion of the flowers, sweetened with sugar, is a mild cathartic. It varies with black and white or wax-coloured fruit. Gr«/i'«/ or Bullace-plum. Fl. Mar. Apr. Brit. Sh. 10 to 15 ft. 3 P. ca'ndicans (Balb. cat. taur. 1813. p. 62.) peduncles short, twin, or tern, and are as well as the branches pubescent ; leaves broadly ovate, white beneath ; stipulas very narrow, deeply toothed, length of petioles ; calyx campanulate. Ij . H. Native country unknown. Willd. enum. suppl. p. 32. Lindl. bot. reg. 1135. Flowers white. IVhitc-leaved Plum. Fl. A^ir. Clt. 1820. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. 4 P. Cocomi'lia (Tenore, prod, suppl. 2. p. 67. cat. 1819. p. 46.) peduncles short, twin ; leaves obovate, glabrous on both surfaces, crenulated, with the crenatures glandular ; drupe ovate- oblong, mucronulate. 1^ • H. Native of Calabria, in hedges. Flowers white. Fruit yellow, bitter, or sour. The bark of this shrub is febrifugal, and is spoken very highly of by Tenore: it is a specific for the cure of the dangerous fevers of Calabria, where it grows. Cocomilia or Calabrian Plum. Fl. April. Clt. 1824. Sh. 2 to 3 feet. 5 P. TOMENiosA (Thunb. fl. jap. 203.) branches unarmed ; AMYGDALACEyE. IV. Pbumjs. 499 peduncles solitary ; leaves ovate, acute, serrated, villous above, tonientose beneath as well as the petioles. 1^ . 1'". Native of Japan. Flowers white. Drupe the size of a pea. Tomcntosc Plum-tree. Shrub C to 8 feet. 6 P. mari'tima (Wangh. amer. 103. ex Wilkl. enum. 519.) peduncles twin ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrated ; fruit small, round, sweet, dark blue. Jj . H. Native of North America, in sand by the sea-side. Flowers white. Fruit size of a pigeon's egg, dark purple, good to eat. Seaside Plum. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1818. Sh. 5 to 8 feet. 7 P. acumina'ta (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 284.) flowers ? calyx glabrous ; leaves oblong-oval, ending in a long, acute acumen ; drupe ovate, acuminated, on a long peduncle. Jj . H. Native of Virginia. Perhaps the same as P. mariltma. Acum'tnated-XeayeA Plum. Shrub 6 to 1 0 feet. 8 P. pube'scens (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 584. but not of Pursh) flowers usually solitary, almost sessile ; leaves ovate, thickish, and roundish, or ending in a short acumen, hardly pubescent, unequally toothed ; petioles pubescent, short ; fruit oval, (j . H. Native country unknown. Flowers white. Pubescent V\um. Fl. May. Clt. 1818. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 9 P. dome'stica (Lin. spec. 680.) flowers usually solitary ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, convolute ; branches unarmed. 1; . H. Native of the south of Europe, in elevated places. Smith, engl. bot. 1783. Flowers white. Fruit variable, both in shape and colour. All the varieties of garden plums belong to this species. Thejilum is c&WeA prune, in French, prvgno in Italian, and pjlaun- zen-baum in German. It rises usually to the height of 15 feet, branching into a moderately spreading head. The natural colour of the fruit is generally considered to be black, but the varieties in cultivation, yellow, blue, and green, and of different shapes and flavours. It is a native of or naturalized in Britain, very frequently found in hedges ; but its original country is sup- posed to be Asia Minor ; and according to Pliny it was brought from Syria into Greece, and thence into Italy. Use. — The best varieties are esteemed a delicious dessert fruit, and the others are used in pies, tarts, conserves, and sweetmeats. A wholesome wine is also occasionally made from them, with or without other fruits or ingredients. Plums, Professor Martin observes, when sufficiently ripe and taken in moderate quantity, are not unwholesome, but in an immature state they are more liable to produce diarrhoea and similar diseases than any other fruit of the class. Considered medicinally, they are emollient, cooling, and laxative, especially the French prunes, which are peculiarly useful in costive habits. The wood of the ptutn is used in turnery, cabinet work, and in making musical instru- ments. Varieties. — Tusser enumerates 10, Parkinson GO. In the Luxembourg Catalogue are C8, but in the Horticultural Cata- logue for the present year there are 274, which are here disposed according to the colour and shape of the fruit. Var. a, arvwnii hies (Ser. ex D. C. prod. 2. p. 533.) fruit oval or roundish, yellow or greenish yellow ; stone blunt. To this belong the following varieties oi plum. 1 Apricot, abricdtee (Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 93. no. 20. t. 13.). Wood smooth. Fruit yellow, oval, middle-sized ; flesli adher- ing to the stone. A bad kitchen fruit, ripening in the end of August. 2 Abricotee hdtive, Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 195. no. 23. 3 Bonne deux fois I'an. Wood downy. Fruit small, green- ish-yellow, oblong ; flesh adhering to the stone. An useless fruit, ripening in August and .September. 4 Bryanston-gagc. Wood smooth. Fruit roundish, green- ish-yellow, middle-sized ; flesh adhering to the stone. A second- rate dessert fruit, ripening in the beginning of October. 5 iVliite hullace. Wood downy. Fruit round, yellow, small ; flesh adhering to the stone. A kitchen and preserving fruit, ripening in October. An abundant bearer. C Yi'llom Runuin bullace. 7 Coe's golden drop, Coe's imperial golden. Golden drop, neiv golden drop, Burry seedling, Fair's golden drvj), golden gage. Wood smooth. Fruit oval, large ; flesh adhering to the stone. One of the most valuable plums either for the table or for preserving, and a good bearer. Ripens in the end of September. 8 ff'hitc damson, small round damson. Wood downy. Fruit oval, yellow ; flesh adhering to the stone. A second-rate kitchen fruit, ripening about the end of September. 9 Dennison' s Albany. Fruit yellow. 10 Dennison's late. Fruit oval, yellow, middle-sized. A good preserving fruit, ripening in October. 1 1 Drap d'Or, mirabelle double (Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 96.), mirabelle grosse, abricotee hdtive (Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 195. no. 23.). Wood downy. Fruit small, round, yellow; flesh separating from the stone. An excellent dessert fruit, pre- cedes the green-gage in ripening, and resembles it in quality. 12 Chancellor gage. Wood smooth. Fruit middle-sized, round, yellow. A second-rate dessert fruit. 13 Gisborn's, Gisborn's early, Paterson's. Wood downy. Fruit oblong, middle-sized, yellow ; flesh separating from the stone. A second-rate kitchen fruit, ripening in the middle of August. A great bearer. 14 Sujierior green-gage. Wood downy. Fruit oval, yellow, middle-sized ; flesh separating from the stone. A second-rate dessert fruit, ripening in the beginning of September. 15 Guimaraen. Wood downy. Fruit middle-sized; flesh adhering to the stone. A first-rate preserving fruit, ripening in the beginning of September. 16 Mirabelle, mirabelle petite, mirabelle jaune. Wood downy. Fruit small, roundish- ovate, yellow ; flesh separating from the stone. A first-rate dessert fruit, and good for preserving. Ripens in the middle of August. 17 Yellow Orleans. 18 Peter's large yellow. Wood downy. Fruit middle-sized, oval ; flesh adhering to the stone. A good dessert fruit, ripen- ing in August. Bears considerable resemblance to the green- gage, but is not so good. 19 11 ashington, new Washington, Franklin, Bolmar, Bolmar's Washington. Wood downy. Fruit large, roundish-oval, yellow. Tree vigorous, bears well as a standard. A first-rate dessert fruit, ripening in September. Var. (i, Claudiana (Pers. ench. 2. p. 35.) fruit roundish, rather depressed, green, and usually spotted with purple, rarely purple ; flesh greenish yellow, more or less sugary ; imibilicus hardly depressed ; putamen or stone ending in a short mucrone. To this variety belong the following sorts of plums. 1 Grccn-gagc, brugnon green-gage, Reine Claude, abricot vert, vert bonne, Dauphine, Reine Claude blanche, grosse reine, grosse reine Claude (Duham. arbr. fr. 2. p. 89. no. 25. t. 11.), Damas vert, Sucrin vert, Drap d'Or of some. Wood smooth. Fruit middle-sized, round, greenish yellow ; flesh separating from the stone, ripening about the middle of August. Allowed by all to be one of the very best plums botli for tlie dessert and for preserving. 2 Aston green-gage. 3 Cowperlhwait's green-gage, 4 Derbyshire green-gage. 5 Gonne's green-gage. 6 Hoo green-gage. 7 Isleworth green-gage, Wilmot's green-gage, Wilmot's new green-gage, WUmol's late green-gage. 3 s 2 500 AMYGDALACE^. IV. Prunus. 8 Late green-gage. 9 Nen green-gage. 10 Isle vert, de Sacoye, Griine inselpflaume. 11 Luscomhe's nonsuch. Wood smooth. Fruit large, green- ish-yellow, round ; flesh adhering to the stone. A second-rate dessert frin't, ripening in the end of August. 12 IVIiite Orleans. Wood smooth. Fruit round, greenish white ; flesh adhering to the stone. A kitchen fruit, ripening in the middle and end of August. 13 Rcine Claude blanche, jxtite espece, petite reine Claude. Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 91. no. 26. 14 Heine Claude a Jleur semidouhle, reine Claude a fleurs demidoubles. Flowers semidouhle. 15 Reine Claude violette (Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. vol. 5. p. 195. no. 22. t. 57. i. %.), purple gage. Wood smooth. Fruit middle-sized, purple ; flesh separating from the stone. A first- rate dessert fruit, ripening in October. Succeeds as a standard, and is a good bearer. Var. y, Catherinea (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 534.) fruit roundish-obovate or roundish, wax-coloured or yellow ; umbi- licus exserted ; flesh sweet, hardly sapid ; stone bluntish, usually rather prominent at the base, and truncate. Primus domestica cerea, Lin. spec. 680. To this variety belong the following sorts of plums. 1 Abricotee blanche. Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 205. t. 60. f. 10. 2 Abricotee blanche a tongue queue grosse. 3 Bingham's. Wood downy. Fruit large, yellow, oblong ; flesh adhering to the stone. A second-rate dessert kind, ripen- ing in September. 4 Bricelte. Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 97. no. 31. t. 29. t. 5. 5 Damas ambre. 6 Damas ballon. 7 Damas ballon jaune et vert. 8 Damas ballon rouge et jaune. 9 Gros damas blanc (Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 72. no. 7. t. 3. f. 2.), gros damas blanc hdtif, damas blanc tres hc'itif. Wood smooth. Fruit yellow, oval, middle-sized ; flesh separating from the stone. A second-rate kitchen fruit, ripening in the middle of September. 10 Petit damas blanc (Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 71. no. 6. t. 3.). Fruit small, yellow, oval. Wood smooth. Flesh separating from the stone. A second-rate kitchen fruit, ripening in the beginning and middle of September. 11 Damas dronet. Wood smooth. Fruit oval, middle-sized, yellow ; flesh separating from the stone. Ripens in August. 12 Damas d'Espagne. 1 3 IVhite damask. 14 Downton imperatrice. Wood smooth. Fruit obovate, middle-sized ; flesh separating from the stone. A first-rate des- sert and preserving fruit, ripening in October. 15 White imperatrice, imperatrice blanche (Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 106. t. 18. f. 2.). Wood smooth. Fruit white, obovate, middle-sized ; flesh separating from the stone. A second-rate dessert and preserving fruit, ripening in the beginning and mid- dle of August. 16 Jaune hdtive (Didiam. arb. fr. 2. p. 66. f. 1.), jaune de Catalogue, Catalonian, while primordian, amber iwimordian, St. Barnabe, D'Aroine. Wood downy. Fruit oval, yellow, middle- sized ; flesh separating from the stone. A dessert fruit, ripen- ing in the end of July. Only to be recommended for its earli- ness. 1 7 Mirabelle tardive. Fruit oval, purple and yellow, small ; flesh separating from the stone. A preserving fruit, ripening in the beginning of September. 18 White perdrigon, perdrigon blanc (Jiaham. arb. fr. 2. p. 84. no. 2. t. 8.), brignole (Calv. pep. 2. p. 187.). Wood downy. Fruit middle-sized, yellow, oval ; flesh adhering to the stone. A first-rate preserving fruit, ripening in the end of August. This and the blue perdrigon furnish the brignole prunes of the 1 9 Yellow perdrigon. 20 Gros perdrigon de brignole. 21 Saint Catharine (Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 109. t. 19.). Wood smooth. Fruit oblong, middle-sized, yellow ; flesh adhering to the stone. A first-rate dessert and preserving fruit, ripening in the middle of September. It is a good bearer. 22 Saint Julien. Like the last. Used chiefly for stocks for peaches. 23 Grosse virginale blanche. Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 206. no. 62. t. 62. f. 1. 24 White pear. Fruit pale yellow, obovate, middle-sized ; flesh adhering to the stone. A worthless kitchen fruit, ripening in the end of August. Bears abundantly. Grown chiefly for stocks for peaches. Var. f, Aubertiana (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 534.) fruit ovate, obtuse, yellow on all sides ; umbilicus depressed ; stone hardly prominent at the base. To this variety belong the follow- ing kinds of plums. 1 White magnum boniini, yellow magnum bonum, dame Aubert (Duham. arbr. 2. ]). 107. no. 41. t. 2.), dame Aubert blanche, dame Aubert jaune, grosse luisante, imperiale blanche (Nois. jard. fr. 143. no. 37. t. 57. and t. 58. f. 4.), imperatrice jaune (Calv. pep. 2. p. 196. ex Lois. 1. c), egg p)lum, Wentworth, white Hol- land, white Mogul. Wood smooth. Fruit large, oval, yellow, and white ; flesh adhering to the stone. A second-rate kitchen fruit, ripening in September. 2 New magnum bonum. 3 Prune datte (Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 202.). Fruit yellow, oval, middle-sized. A preserving fruit, ripening in September. 4 Rognon d'ane. Calv. pep. 2. p. 202. 5 Prune moyenne de Bourgogne. Calv. pep. 2. p. 202. ex Lois. 1. c. p. 206. no. 61. Var, e, Myrobalana (Lin. spec. 680.) fruit globose, depressed at the base, red ; umbilicus depressed ; stone mucronulate ; sepals narrow. Prunus cerasifera, Ehrh.beitr. 4. p. 17. Prunus Myrobalana, Lois. 1. c. 5. p. 184. t. 57. f. 11. To this variety belong the following garden plums. 1 Ccrisette. Lois. 1. c. p. 190. no. 58. t. 5. 2 Cherry plum, Virginian cherry, Rlyrobdlan (Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 111. no. 46. t. 2. f. 15.), De Virginie, early scarlet, D'Ameriq^te rouge. Wood smooth. Fruit middle-sized, cordate, red. A second-rate dessert and kitchen fruit, ripening in the beginning and middle of August. Var. Z, Damascena (Lin. spec. 680.) fruit globose, depressed, violaceous ; stone short ; keel prominent, blunt at the apex. To this variety belong the following garden plums. 1 Azure hdtive. Wood downy. Fruit round, purple, middle- sized ; flesh separating from the stone. A second-rate dessert fruit, ripening in the beginning of August. 2 De chypre (Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 82. no. 18.). Wood smooth. Fruit middle-sized, round, purple ; flesh separating from the stone. A second-rate dessert fruit, ripening in the end of August. 3 Coe'sfne late red. Wood downy. Fruit middle-sized, pur- ple, round ; flesh separating from the stone. A first-rate des- sert fruit, ripening in October. Valuable for its lateness. 4 Damas de Maugeron (Duham. arb, fr. 2. p, 76. no. 13. t. AMYGDALACE.E. IV. Phuncs. 501 5.). Wood smooth. Fruit middle-sized ; flesh adhering to the stone. A worthless fruit. 5 Damns miisqiw (Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 74. no. 10. t. 20. f. ;J.), prunier des l^acances (Lois. 1. c. 5. p. 192. no. 10. t. 55. f. 3. but not of Duhani.). A worthless sort. C Damns noir hdtive. Lois. 1. c. but not of Duham. 7 Damas violette gros. 8 Damas rouge, gros da/nas rouge tardif. Lois. 1. c. 5. p. 198. no. 33. t. 58. f. 1. 9 Damas rouge de Christ. 10 Petit damas rouge. Lois. 1. c. 5. p. 198. no. 32. t. 56. f. 8. 11 Monsieur (Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 78. no. 15. t. 7.), mon- sieur ordinaire. Wood downy. Fruit middle-si/.ed, purple, round ; flesh separating from the stone. A second-rate dessert and kitchen fruit, ripening in the middle of August. Differs very little from the Orleans. 12 Royale. Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 88. no. 24. t. 10. 13 Kirke's. Wood smooth. Fruit middle-sized, purple, round ; flesh separating from the stone. A first-rate dessert fruit, ripening in the beginning and middle of August. Var. r), Turonensis (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 533.) fruit obovate or globose ; stone blunt at the apex or mucronulate. To this variety belong the following kinds of plums. * Fruit obovate. 1 D'Agen. Fruit purple, obovate, middle-sized ; flesh sepa- rating from the stone. A good bearer, and a first-rate table and preserving fruit. Ripening in the end of September. 2 Cornemuse. Wood downy. Fruit middle-sized, obovate, purple ; flesh separating from the stone. A second-rate pre- serving fruit, ripening in the beginning of September, 3 Figue grosse rouge. Wood downy. Fruit oblong-obovate, large ; flesh separating from the stone. A second-rate fruit, ripening in September. 4 Blue imperatrice, imperatrice violette, veritable imperatrice, violette. Wood smooth. Fruit large, purple, obovate; flesh adliering to the stone. A first-rate dessert and preserving fruit, ripening in October. A good bearer. 5 Imperial diadem, Mimms. Wood smooth. Fruit obovate, large, purple ; flesh separating from the stone. A first-rate des- sert and kitchen fruit, ripening in the beginning of September. * * Fruit oval or oblong. 6 D'Autriche, prune datte, prune datte violette. Fruit middle- sized, purple, oblong ; flesh separating from the stone. A pre- serving fruit, ripening in the end of July. 7 Bifire. Fruit purple, oblong. 8 Chcsnut. Wood smooth. Fruit middle-sized, purple, ob- long ; flesh adhering to the stone. A second-rate dessert fruit, ripening in the beginning of September. 9 Cooper s large, Coojier's large red, Coojicr's large American, La delicieuse. Wood smooth. Fruit oval, purple, middle- sized; flesh separating from the stone. A second-rate dessert fruit, ripening in the end of September. 10 Folheringham. Wood smooth. Fruit middle-sized, ob- long, purple ; flesh separating from the stone. A second-rate dessert fruit, ripening in the middle and end of August. 1 1 Goliath, Caledonian, nectarine of some, IVilviot's late Orleans, Saint Cloud. Wood downy. Fruit large, j)urple, ob- long ; flesh adhering to the stone. A second-rate kitchen fruit, ripening in the middle of August. The tree bears well. 12 Gwalsh. Wood smooth. Fruit large, oval, purple. A second-rate dessert fruit, ripening in September, resembling the red magnum bonum. I 13 Red magnum bonum, imperiale, red imperial, imperiale rouge. Wood smooth. Fruit large, oval ; flesh separating from the stone. A second-rate kitchen fruit, ripening in Sep- tember. 14 Orleans, red damask. Wood downy. Fruit middle-sized, round, purple ; flesh separating from tlic stone. A second-rate kitchen and dessert fruit, ripening in the middle and end of Au- gust. A good bearer. 15 Coul Orleans. 16 Early Orleans, Grimwood's early Orleans, monsieur lidtif, monsieur hdtif de Montmorency, new early Orleans, nen Orleans, Hampton Court. Wood downy. Fruit middle-si/.ed, round, purple ; flesh separating from the stone. A second-rate kitchen and table fruit, ripening in the beginning and middle of August. 1 7 Late or black Orleans. 18 Knevett's late Orleans. 19 Smith's Orleans. 20 Jl'iimol's new early Orleans, Wilmot's Orleans, Wilmot's early Orleans, Wilmot's large Orleans. Wood downy. Fruit middle-sized, round, purple ; flesh separating from the stone. A dessert and kitchen fruit, very like the early Orleans. 21 Perdrigon des Alpes. Fruit small, purple, oval; flesh separating from the stone. A worthless sort. 22 Blue perdrigon, perdrigon violette (Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 82. no. 21. t. 9. ^), perdrigon de brignole. Wood downy. Fruit oval, middle-sized, purple ; flesh adhering to the stone. A first- rate dessert and preserving fruit, furnishing the brignole prunes of the shops. 23 Perdrigon Normand. Duham. 24 Perdrigon rouge (Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 80. no. 22. t. 20. f. 6. ?). Wood downy. Fruit midJle-sized, purple, oval ; flesh separating from the stone. A second-rate dessert fruit, ripening in the beginning and middle of September. 25 Perdrigon tardif. 26 Perdrigon violet des Alpes. Wood downy. Fruit middle- sized, oval, purple ; flesh separating from the stone. A second- rate dessert and preserving fruit, ripening in the middle of August. 27 Perdrigon violette hdlif. 28 Pigeon's heart. Wood smooth. Fruit middle-sized, oval, purple ; flesh adliering to the stone. A second-rate sort, ripen- ing in the beginning of September. 29 Precocede Tours, Noire hdtive, early violet, perdrigon vio- let of some, blue perdrigon. Wood downy. Fruit middle-sized, oval, purple ; flesh adhering to the stone. A second-rate des- sert and kitchen fruit, ripening in the beginning of August. 30 Rodney, Rodney gage. Wood downy. Fruit large, pur- ple, oval ; flesh adhering to the stone. A second-rate dessert friut, ripening in August. 31 Royal Dauphin. Wood smooth. Fruit large, red, and oval ; flesh separating from the stone. A second-rate sort, ripening in the beginning of September. 32 Royale de Tours (Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 81. no. 17. t. 20. f. 8.). Wood downy. Fruit large, round, purple ; flesh adher- ing to the stone. A first-rate dessert and kitchen fruit, ecpial to the Orleans, if not better. 33 Saint Martin rouge, Saint Martin (Lois. I.e. 5. p. 193. no. 12. t. 58. f 7.). Wood downy. Fruit middle-sized, purple, oval ; flesh .idhering to the stone, ripening in October. A very good kind, considering its lateness. 34 Sharp's emperor. Wood downy. Fruit oblong, purple, large ; flesh adhering to the stone. A second-rate dessert fruit, ripening in the end of September. 35 I'alance, Saint Loo. Wood smooth. Fruit oblong, large, purple ; flesh adhering to the stone, ripening in the middle and end of September. Seems only fit for drying. 502 AMYGDALACE^. IV. Prunus. 36 Suisse, prunier Suisse (Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 82. no. 19. t. 20. f. 7.), Altesse, monsieur tardive, Simiana. 37 Gros damas de Tours (Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 69. no. 4.). Wood down}". Fruit middle-sized, oval, purple ; flesh adhering to the stone. A second-rate table fruit, ripening in the begin- ning of August. 38 Damas de Tours. 39 Damas d'ltalie (Duham. arb. fr. 2. p, 65. no. 12. f. 4.). Wood smooth. Fruit middle-sized, purple ; flesh separating from the stone. A second-rate table and preserving fruit, ripen- ing in the beginning of September. 40 Jerusalem, jirunier de Jerusalem (Lois. 1. c. 5. p. 194. no. 1 6. t. 56. f. 2.), QUil de Bceuf, de Bordeaux. Wood downy. Fruit large, purple, round ; flesh adhering to the stone. A second-rate table fruit, ripening in the middle of September. 41 Tardive de chdlons. Lois. 1. c. 5. p. 193. no. 13. t. 58. f. 6. Var. B, Juliana (Lin. spec. 580.) fruit ovate-globose, round, oblong or oval, small, blue or purple ; umbilicus not depressed, the suture hardly evident ; stone raueronulate. Priinus damas- cena, Black, herb. t. 305. ? To this variety belong the following garden plums. 1 Aston. Fruit small, round, purple; flesh adhering to tlie stone. A second-rate preserving fruit, ripening in Sep- tember. 2 Auchtertyre. Wood downy. Fruit small, purple, oval ; flesh separating from the stone. A second-rate sort, ripening in August. 3 Black bullace. Wood downy. Fruit small, round, purple ; flesh adhering to the stone. A worthless fruit, ripening in October. 4 New large bullace. 5 Damas d'Espagne. Lois. 1. c. 5. p. 196. no. 25. t. 56. f. 4. 6 Damas noir de Septemhre. Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 77. no. 14. t. 6. 7 Damas noir iardj/" (Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 73. no. 9. t. 20. f. 4.). Wood downy. Fruit middle-sized, purple, roundish ; flesh adhering to the stone. A second-rate dessert fruit, ripen- ing in the beginning of September. 8 Damas petit tardif. Wood downy. Fruit small, roundish, purple. A worthless sort, ripening in the end of September. 9 Damas de Provence. iO Damas de Provence lidtif. Lois. 1. c. 5. p. 197. no. 27. 1 1 Damas Quine. 12 Damas de Septemhre (Duham. arb. fr. 5. p. 77. no. 14. t. 6.), prune de Vacance. Wood downy. Fruit small, purple, oval ; flesh adhering to the stone. A second-rate sort, ripening in the end of September. 13 Damas de faience. 14 Damas violet (Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 192. no. 11. t. 56. f. 5. ?). Wood downy. Fruit small, oval, purple ; flesh separat- ing from the stone. A second-rate dessert fruit, ripening in the end of August. 15 Damas violet tardif. 16 Blue damask. 17 Domine Dull's. Wood smooth. Fruit oval, purple, mid- dle-sized ; flesii adhering to the stone. A second-rate kitchen fruit,- ripening in the beginning of September. 18 Morocco, black Morocco, black damask, early Morocco, early black Morocco, early damask. Wood downy. Fruit mid- dle-sized, round, purple ; flesh adhering to the stone. A second- rate dessert fruit, ripening in the beginning of August. 19 Moycn de Bourgogne. Wood downy. Fruit middle- sized, round, purple ; flesh adhering to the stone. A second- rate kitchen fruit, ripening in the middle of August. 20 Nelson's victory. Wood smooth. Fruit round, purple. middle-sized ; flesh adhering to the stone. A worthless kind, ripening in the middle of August. 21 Muscle. Wood downy. Fruit purple, oval, middle-sized : flesh adhering to the stone. A third-rate kitchen fruit. 22 Perdrigon hdtif. Wood downy. Fruit round, purple, middle-sized ; flesh separating from the stone. A second-rate dessert fruit, ripening in the middle and end of August. 23 Saint Julien (Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 189. t. 54. f. 2. and 5Q. f. 9.). Used chiefly for stocks for peaches. 24 Petit Saint Julien. 25 Gros Saint Julien. Lois. 1. c. p. 190. no. 2. t. 58. f. 3. 26 Stonewood. Fruit purple, roundish, middle-sized ; flesh separating from the stone. A second-rate table fruit, ripening in the beginning of September. 27 Virgin, prunier de Virginie (Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 111. no. 45.). Wood smooth. Fruit roundish, middle-sized, purple ; flesh separating from the stone. A first-rate dessert fruit, re- sembling the reine Claude violette, ripening in the beginning of September. 28 Virginale rouge. Lois. 1. c. p. 192. no. 11. t. 56. f. 5. 29 Prunier noir de Montreuil. Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 68. no. 3. 30 Gros noir de Montreuil. Var. I, pruneaulicina (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 534.) branches pyramidal ; fruit ovate, more or less obtuse or elongated, vio- laceous, rarely green ; lunbilicus exserted ; nut very much com- pressed, elongated, prominent at the base, more or less acute at the apex. Priinus pyramidalis, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 485. Per- haps not distinct from var. Juliana. To this variety belong the following garden plums. 1 Ahricotee rouge. Lois. 1. c. p. 196. no. 24. t. 46. f. 11. 2 Ashridge black. 3 D'Amerique noire. 4 Black ball, black hill. 5 Bonne rouge. 6 Damas rouge. 7 Damatie rouge. 8 Damson, common damson, round damson, small round dam- son. Wood downy. Fruit small, purple, roundish, obovate ; flesh separating from the stone. A kitchen fruit, ripening in September. Damsons are all raised from the stone. 9 Black damson. 10 Round black damson. 11 Early damson. 1 2 Long damson. 13 Shailer's ivhile damson. 14 Shropshire damson, prune damson. 15 Sweet damson, 16 Violet damson. 1 7 Ti'hite damson. 18 Dia2)ree blanche. Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 104. no. 38. t. 20. f. 1 1 . 19 Diapree blanche longue. 20 Diapree rouge (Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 102. no. 37. t. 20. f. 12.), roche corbon. Wood smooth. Fruit middle-sized, oval, purple ; flesh separating from the stone. A second-rate dessert fruit, ripening in the middle of September. 21 Cheston, matchless, Diajiree violette (Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. lll.no. 36. t. 17.). Wood smooth. Fruit oval, purple, middle- sized ; flesh separating from the stone. A second-rate table and preserving fruit. 22 French prune. 23 Elfreth's prune. 24 Hungarian prtine. Fruit oblong, purple, middle-sized ; flesh adhering to the stone. A preserving fruit, ripening in the end of September. A sort of quetsche. AMYGDALACE/E. IV. Puunus. 503 25 Horse plum, Irish horse plum. 26 ImpSriale de Milan. 27 Imperiale Ottoman. 28 I/iipSriale violctte. Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 98. no. 32. t. 15. 29 Imperiale violette afeuilles panachecs. Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 99. no. 33. 30 Isabella. Wood downy. Fruit oval, red, middle-sized ; flesh adhering to the stone. A first-rate dessert and kitchen fruit, ripening in the end of August. 31 Jacinthe. Duham. arb. fr. 2. p. 100. no. 34. t. 16. 32 PrunalUer. 33 PrunalUer petit. 34 Quetsche (Nois. jard. fr. 144. no. 42.), common quetsche, Znetschen (Lois. 1. c. p. 203. t. 55. f. 6.), Znelsche, Zwetschke, grusse quetsche, prune d'AUemagnc, prunier Allemand (Lois. 1. c. p. 202. no. 45.), gros quetsche d'Allemagne, German prune, Leipzig, impcratrice violette of many, grosse imperatricc violette, damash, gros damas, danias violette of some, gros damns violette. Wood smooth. Fruit oval, middle-sized, purple ; flesh separat- ing from the stone. A second-rate kitchen and preserving fruit. Bears well in this country. In Germany it is much cultivated for the purpose of drying. It is the German prune of the shops. 35 Austrian quetsche. Wood smooth. Fruit oval, purple, middle-sized ; flesh separating from the stone. A second-rate preserving and kitclien fruit, ripening in the end of September. 36 Quetsche de Breme. Wood smooth. Fruit oblong, mid- dle-sized, purple ; flesh separating from the stone. A first-rate preserving fruit, ripening in September. 37 Hungarian quetsche. Wood smooth. Fruit purple, ob- long, middle-sized; flesh separating from the stone. A pre- serving fruit, ripening in September. 38 Quetsche d' Italic. 39 Early Leipzig quetsche. Wood smooth. Fruit middle- sized, oblong, purple ; flesh separating from the stone. A pre- serving fruit, ripening in the beginning of September. 40 Long green quetsche. 41 Saint James's quetsche. Fruit oblong, purple ; flesh ad- hering to the stone. A preserving fruit, ripening in September. 42 Saint Martin's quetsche. 43 Quetsche pirccoce. 44 Quetsche Rognon de Coq. 45 Turkish quetsche. 46 Quetsche verte. 47 JVetherell's sweet. Fruit round, purple, small ; flesh sepa- rating from the stone. A preserving fruit, ripening in the end of September. A sort of rfamion. 48 Jt heal, wheatcn, whitton, great mhitton, nutmeg. Wood smooth. Fruit roundish-oblong, middle-sized, red ; flesh ad- hering to the stone. A second-rate dessert fruit, ripening in the middle and end of August. Remarkable for its bright fiery red- colour. 49 Wine sour, Rotherham. Wood downy. Fruit small, pur- ple, roundish-oblong ; flesh adhering to the stone. A first-rate preserving fruit, ripening in the middle of September. 50 Ncrv nine sour. 51 Prunier haricot. Ser. ined. t A list of plums not sufficiently known, but none of them are probably north notice, 1 Belle de Riom. 2 Brompton. 3 Brussels. 4 Buchanan. 5 Burnet. 6 De Canada. 7 Court royal. 8 Cydmarine. 9 Dame Aubert rouge. 10 Dame Aubert violette. 11 Winter damson. 12 Davies's seedling. 13 Deron's. 14 Dittisham. 15 Double blossomed, a fleurs doubles. ]G Duke of Devonshire, n Dumferline. \8 Elfry's. 19 Elton. 20 Emperor. Zl Pri- nier a fleur semidouble. 22 Fall copper, 23 French copper. 24 Blucher's gage. 25 Banker's gage, 26 Flushing gage. 27 Schuyler's gage. 28 li'hite gage. 29 Garlick's early. 30 Goldsmith's I'ienna. 31 Green plum of Tours. 32 Grove- house purple. 33 Honey Julien. 34 Horse jag. 35 Jean mor- ceau. 30 Julien gros a feuilles panachecs. 37 Kcnellan. 38 Lammas. 39 Large green drying. 40 Luscombe's seedling. 41 Maitre Claude, '12 Mignonne. iS Mirabellc de Lory. 44 Mirabelle rouge. 45 Miviam. 46 Monsieur d'Agen. 47 Wild Oakley park. 48 Oddy's, 49 Orange. 50 Panachee. 51 Blue primordian. 52 Pseudo Mirabelle. 53 Queen mother. 54 Raisin. 55 Roi d'Agen. 56 Saint Antonio. 57 Saint Maurin. 58 Saint Rente. 59 Scaldatello. GO Scaldatonc. 61 Small green dry- ing. 62 Steer's emperor, 63 Svedske linger sk. 64 Tidlig Leipzigcr Svedske. 65 Sweet prune. 66 Triancun. 67 La Victorine. 68 Violet gage. 69 Violet de Tours. 70 White corn. 71 Yellow gage. 72 Yellow Jack. Cultivation of the plum in orchards appears to be deserving of more encouragement than it generally meets with. Not only does the fruit make excellent pies and tarts, but it may be kept iti large quantities, so as to be ready for that purpose at any period of the year. They also make a good wine, and with other fruits and ingredients form one of the substitutes for port. The dam- son, bullace, and some other kinds will grow and bear high fla- voured fruit in hedges, where the soil is dry below, and not too thin. The fruit of the sloe is for wine-making superior to that of the plum, and nearly as good for tarts. Selection of sorts. The following are recommended by Forsyth for a small garden : 1 Jaune hativc. 2 Morocco. 3 Or- leans. 4 Royal. 5 Green-gage, different sorts. 6 Drap d'Or. 7 Saint Catharine and imperatricc. 8 Magnum bonum, for bak- ing. 9 Wine-sour, for preserving. — The table fruit in the Dal- keith garden are as under, placed in the order of their ripening, all of them being planted against walls. 1 Violet de hdtive. 2 Early hdlive. 3 New Orleans. 4 Early Morocco. 5 Green- gage, 6 Blue-gage. 7 Blue pcrdrigon. 8 Apricot plum. 9 Fotheringham. 10 White magnum bonum. 11 Imperial. Propagation. Most of the varieties are propagated by graft- ing or budding on the muscle, St. Julien, magnum bonum, or any free growing plums, raised from seed or from suckers, but seed- lings are preferable to stocks for a permanent plantation. The common baking plums, as the damson, bullace, Wenlnorth, See. are generally propagated by suckers, without being either budded or grafted. Plum grafting is performed in February or March ; budding in July or August. Miller prefers budding, because plums are very apt to gum wherever large wounds are made on them. New varieties are procured by propagating from seeds on the general principles already stated. T. A. Knight (Hort. trans. 3. p. 214.) in an attempt to combine the bulk oi' the yellow magnum bonum with the richness and flavour of the green-gage, produced a fruit which partook of both parents ; and a good variety of the Orleans jAum has been raised from seed by J. Wilmot, Hort. trans. 3. p. 392. Soil. Plums, according to Miller, should have a middling soil, neither too wet and heavy, nor over light and dry, in either of which extremes they seldom do well. Abercrombie recom- mends any mellow fertile garden or orchard ground ; and where a soil is to be made, " one-half fresh loam, om-fourth sharp sand, one-sixth road stuff", and one-twelfth vegetable remains or decomposed dung, or animal matter." Site, The 2'li"» is cultivated like other indigenous fruit-trees, the hardier sorts as standards, and the finer varieties against walls. It is sometimes forced ; but the blossom, like that of the cherry, is difficult to set, and on the whole it is a fruit not well adapted for forcing. Tiie finer varieties are almost always planted against walls, which. Miller says, shoidd have an east south-east aspect, which is more kindly to these fruits than a 504 AMYGDALACEiE. IV, Prunus. V. Cerasus. full south aspect, on which they are subject to shrivel and be very dry, and many sorts will be extremely mealy if exposed too much to the heat of the sun ; but most sorts will ripen ex- tremely well as espaliers if rightly managed. Some, he adds, plant plums for standards, in which method some of the ordinary sorts will bear very well, but then the fruit will not be near so fair as those produced on espaliers, and will be more in danger of being bruised or blown down by strong winds. Abercrorabie says, " have some choice sorts against south walls for earlier and superior fruit ; others on east and west walls, and espaliers to ripen in succession, with full and half standards in the orchard." Choke of j)lnnts. Miller recommends trees of not more than one year's growth from the bud, for if they are older they are very subject to canker, or if they take well to the ground com- monly produce only two or three luxuriant branches. Aber- crombie and Nicol take plants from one to five years old. For- syth chooses " clean straight plants, with single stems, and of two or three years' growth." Final 2^l(inting. Miller says it is common to see plum trees planted at the distance of 14 or 16 feet, so that the walls are in a few years covered with branches, and then all the shoots are cut and mangled with the knife, so as to appear like a stumped hedge, and produce Httle fruit ; therefore the only way to have plum trees in good order is to give them room, and extend their branches at full length. Abercrombie directs full and half stan- dards to be planted at 40, 30, 25, and 20 feet distance ; dwarfs generally 20 feet apart, and wall trees or espaliers 15, 20, or 25 feet from stem to stem. Forsyth says plums and cherries thrive best by themselves, and he prefers a wall for each, placing plmns on walls 10 feet high, 8 yards ajiart, and at 7 yards distance on 12 feet walls. Mode of hearing. All the sorts produce their fruit on small natural spurs, rising at the ends and along the sides of the bear- ing shoots, on one, two, or three years' growth. In most sorts new fruit branches are 2 years old before the spurs bear. The same branches and spurs continue fruitful in proportion to the time which they take to come into bearing. After the formation of the head is begun, it takes from 2 to C years before the dif- ferent sorts come into bearing. Miller trains horizontally, and is against shortening the branches of plum trees, since the more these trees are pruned, the more luxuriant they grow, until the strength of them is exhausted, and then they gum and spoil ; therefore the safest method to manage these trees, is to lay in their shoots horizontal!)', as they are produced at equal dis- tances, in proportion to the length of their leaves, pinching off the points of young shoots, where lateral branches are desired, and displacing foreright and irregular shoots, or such as shade the fruit. With thus carefully going over these trees in the growing season, there will be but little work to do to them in the winter. Abercrombie agrees with Miller in not shortening the fruitful branches. Standards, he says, must be allowed to " expand in free growth, occasionally pruning long, rambling, and cross-placed or other irregular branches. Thin crowded parts, cut away worn out bearers, also decayed and cankery wood." Forsyth says, " never cut the stems of young plum trees when first planted, but leave them till the buds begin to break, then you may head them down to 5 or more eyes, always observing to leave an odd one for the leading shoot ; remember to cut sloping towards the wall, and as near to an eye as pos- sible : thus managed, the shoots will soon fill the wall with fine wood. If you find that some of the shoots are too luxuriant, you may pinch the tops off with your finger and thumb about the be- ginning of June, in the first year after planting ; by doing which you will obtain plenty of wood to fill the bottom of the wall. A great deal depends on the first and second years' management of your trees." Renovating decaying trees. — Proceed as directed for the peach, but observe that the jAuni tree, when cut down, is very apt to run to wood, therefore the new soil must neither be very rich nor laid on in a very deep stratum. Protecting blossoms. — This is sometimes done with the ten- derer sorts, in the same way as for peaches and apricots. Taking the crop. — The different sorts of the ^j/ii»n ripen in succession for about 3 months in summer and autumn. Some early sorts begin to ripen in July ; the main varieties reach full maturity in August and September ; late sorts continue ripening till the end of October or beginning of November. Each kind should be brought to table presently after being gathered, as they will not keep long in a natural state. Insects and diseases. — See peach. The gum and canker are the most common diseases, and, as in almost every other case, the acarus is the most noxious insect. As a remedy for the former, Abercrombie directs to head down. The insects are de- stroyed by the common means. The gages, or reine Claudes, when nearly ripe, are very apt to be eaten by wasps. Forcing plums. Mr. J. Aiton (Hort. trans. 4. p. 531.) says, when an early crop of plums is desired, they are best forced in large tubs or pots, as this method admits of their being removed at pleasure into different temperatures ; but for a general crop to ripen by the end of !May or beginning of June, he prefers having the trees planted in the forcing house. The tempera- ture required for cherries answers well for plums, and plenty of air must be admitted. He prefers, for forcing, the Precoce de Tours, green gage, azure hdtive, white perdrigon, Orleans, new Orleans, and Morocco. Domestic or Garden-plum. Fl. April, May. Britain. Tree 10 to 20 feet. 10 P. divaricVta (Led. fl. ros. alt. ill. t. 13. fl. alt. 2. p. 211.) branches unarmed ; petioles glandless ; leaves oblong-eUiptic, attenuated at both ends, convolute, serrated, glabrous, having the middle rib beneath bearded longitudinally ; peduncles soli- tary ; calyx reflexed ; fruit elliptic, yellow. T; . H. Native of Caucasus. Flowers white, very numerous. Divaricate Plum. Fl. April. Clt. 1820. Shrub 8 to 10 ft. 11 P. microca'rpa (Meyer, verz. pfl. p. 166.) unarmed ; leaves quite glabrous, conduplicate, ovate-elliptic, or oblong, obtuse, sharply serrated ; serratures imniarginate and glandless ; umbels many-flowered ; calyx tubular ; drupe and nut oblong. Tj . H. Native of Caucasus, on mount Bechvarmak. Small-fruited Plum. Shrub. 12 P. Chine'nsis (Blum, bijdr. p. 1104.) leaves oblong, acu- minated, furnished with 2 glands at the base, and unequally and glandularly serrulated, glabrous, except in the axils of the veins beneath, where they are pubescent ; flowers rising from the buds in umbellate fascicles ; sepals glandularly serridated ; fruit round, yellowish red. h^ . G. Native of China. China Plum. Tree. Cult. All the species grow in any kind of soil, and are either increased by seeds, by suckers from the roots, or by grafting or budding for to continue rare sorts. V. CE'RASUS (said to have been first brought from Cerasus, a town in Pontus, in Asia). Juss. gen. 340. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 479. D. C. prod. 2. p. 535. — Cerasus and Lauro-cerasus, Tourn. — Prunus species of Lin. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Monogipiia. Drupe globose or um- bilicate at the base (f. 64. etite blanche. 27 Guigne petite rouge. Worthless. 2S Guigne dc Russie a fruit blanc. 29 Guigne precoce, guignc de Pentecote, Lois, in Duham. ed. nov, 5. p. 12. no. 5. f. 15. 30 Guigne de dure peau, Lois. 1. c. p. 14. no. 13. t. 16. f. D. 31 Guigne a j)ctit fruit noir, Duham. arb. 1. p. 160. 1. 1. f. 2. 32 Guigne higandelle, Le Uerr. trait, jard. 1. p. 231. ex. Lois. 1. c. 33 Guigneou cerise coeur de poule, Calv. pepin. 2. p. 139. ex Lois.], c. 34 Hertfordshire black. Fruit black, obtuse, heart-shaped. Flesh tender. A second-rate dessert fruit, ripening about the middle of July. Does well as a standard. Jar. ft? Heaitmiiina (Ser. mss.) taller trees; leaves thin, large, elongated, finely serrulated ; flesh of fruit not brittle. To this variety belong the following sorts of cherry : 1 Heaumicr blanc, Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 17. no. 28. 2 Heaumier rouge, Lois. I.e. p. 17. no. 29. t. 19. B. 3 Heaumier noir, Lois. I.e. p. 17. no. 30. t. 19. f. A. I'ar. y, pendula (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 53G.) branches pendulous. — Allsaints, Keeping cherry, cerise de la Tout-saint, cerise tardive, cerise de St. Martin, guignier a ramcaux picndans (Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 15. no. 16.). Fruit round, red, small, watery, ripening in July and October. This sort is of little value as a fruit, being more curious than useful. St. Julian, Guigniers, or Gean-cherry. Tree 20 to 40 feet. 5 C. Capronia"na (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 482.) small trees, with spreading branches ; flowers rising with the leaves ; calyx large, campanulate ; peduncles usually thick, stiffish, not long ; fruit globose, depressed, with the suture hardly depressed ; flesh soft, more or less acid and styptic ; epicarp not adhering to the flesh ; stone roundish. h . H. Native of Europe. C. vulgaris. Mill. diet. no. 1. Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 18. var. 1-3. Pru- nus austera and P. acida, Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 129. Commonly called round cherries, Morellos, 3Iay-dukes, and in France ce- rises de Paris, cerises a fruits ronds, and griot tiers. Li conse(|uence of this species containing a greater number of the best cherries than any of the other species, we have given the history and cultivation of all kinds of cherries under it. The cherry is a middle-sized tree, with ash-coloured, shining, roundish branches, ovate, serrated leaves, and white flowers, produced in umbellate fascicles, and succeeded by a red drupe with an acid pulp. The leaf and flower-buds are distinct, the former terminal, the latter produced from the sides of the 2 or more years' old branches. The cultivated cherry was brought to Italy by the Roman general LucuUus in 73 A.C. from a town in Pontus in Asia, called Cerasus, whence the generic name, and was introduced to Britain 120 years afterwards. Many suppose that the c//crWc.v introduced by the Romans into Britain were lost, and that they were re-introduced in the time of Henry VIII. by Richard Haines, the fruiterer to that king. But though we have no proof that cherries were in England at the time of the Norman C'onanish. So Winter's schwarze knorpel kirsche. Selection of sorts. — Forsyth recommends for a small garden : 1 May-duke. 2 Morello. 3 Archduke. 4 Black heart. 5 Bigarreau. 6 Grajflon. 7 Turkey heart. 9, Kensington duke cherry. Those in the Dalkeith garden are : — 1 May-duke, tjvo sorts. 2 Harrison's heart. 3 Black heart. 4 While heart. 5 Amber heart. 6 Morello. Ail against walls. Miller says the best sorts for an orchard are : the common red or Kentish, the duke cherry, and the Lukeward's heart ; all of which are plentiful bearers. Propagation. — Varieties of the cherry are continued by graft- ing or budding on stocks of the black or mild red cherries, which are strong growers and of a longer duration than any of the garden kinds. The hearts, which are all ill bearers, are some- times grafted on bird cherry stocks, which are said to have the same effect on the cherry that the paradise stock has on the apple, that of dwarfing the tree and rendering it more prolific. Some graft on the Morello for the same purpose. The stones of the cultivated cherries are sometimes, but improperly, sub- stituted for those of the wild sort, as being more easily procured. New varieties are produced by propagating from seed. The cherry, Mr. T. A. Knight observes, (Mort. trans. 2. p. 38.) " sports more extensively in variety when propagated from seeds, than any other fruit which I have hitherto subjected to experiments ; and this species is therefore probably ca])able of accpiiring a higher state of perfection than it has ever yet attained. New varieties are also much wanted ; for the trees of the best old kinds are every where in a state of decay in the cherry orchards ; and I am quite confident tiiat neither healthy nor productive trees will ever be obtained from grafts of old and expended varieties of this or any other species of fruit tree." Cherry stones, whether for stocks or new varieties, arc sown in light sandy earth in autumn, or are preserved in sand till spring and then sown. They will come up the same season, and should not be removed till the second autumn after sowing. They may then be planted out in rows, 3 feet apart, and the plants about 1 foot asunder in the rows. The succeeding sum- mer they will be fit to bud, if intended for dwarfs ; but if for standards they will require to stand one or more seasons, gener- ally till four years old. They should be budded or grafted near G feet from the ground ; the usual way is to bud in summer, and graft those which do not succeed the following spring. Soil. — The cherry delights in dry sandy soil and elevated situations ; but some sorts, as the May-duke, w ill thrive in all soils and aspects, and all the varieties may be planted in a com- mon mellow garden or orchard ground. In Kent, this tree pros- pers in the deep loam lying on rock. Miller says, the soil which cherries thrive best in, is a fresh hazel loam ; if it be a dry gravel they will not live many years, and will be perpetually blighted in the spring. Site. — To obtain fruit early, some sorts, as the May-duke, are planted against walls ; but all the varieties will do well as dwarfs or espaliers in general situations, and most of them as standards. The May-duke, Nicol observes, does well as a standard ; but against a south wall the fruit becomes consider- ably larger, and contrary to what happens in other fruits, it seems to acquire flavour. The Morello is much improved in flavour when planted against a wall of good aspect. Abercrombie says, " allot to the finest of the early kinds south walls for fruit in May and .Tune, train others against west and east walls, for supplies in succession, and some on north walls for the latest ripeners, particularly the Morello, which, so situated, will con- tinue in perfection till September and October ; but it is also proper to plant some trees of this sort on south walls, to have the fruit ripen earlier, with an improved flavour." /■(■(in/jj/n^i^Hn-.— Plant full standards from 20 to 30 feet apart; small standards 15, 18, or 20 feet apart. The proper season for planting is from the middle or end of October, or any time in November or December, if open weather, till February or March. Miller says, never plant standard or rider cherry trees over other fruits ; for there is no sort of fruit that will prosper under the drip of cherries. He allocs 40 feet square for stan- dards in orchards for the same reason. Mode of bearing.— Cherry trees in general produce the fruit upon small spurs or studs, from half an inch to 2 inches in length, which proceed from the side and ends of the two year or 3 year and older branches ; and as new si)urs continue shooting from the extreme parts, it is a maxim in priming both standard and wall trees, not to shorten the bearing branches where there is rooiTi for their regular extension. 'I'he Morello is, in some degree, an exception. Prunin" cherry trees in general. To standards give only an occa>ionar pruning to reform or remove any casual irregularity from cross-placed or very crowded branches, and take away all cankery and decayed wood. To wall trees a summer pruning 510 AMYGDALACE,^. V. Cerasus. should commence in May or June, in order to regulate the shoots of the same year. Disbud the superfluous or foreright shoots, or if they have been suffered to spring, pinch or cut them off with such as are disorderly. Retain a competent supply of the best well placed side and terminal shoots, to remain for selection at the winter pruning. Nail or lay in the reserve close to the wall at their full length, and so train tiiem all summer. The winter pruning may be performed at tiie fail of the leaf, or at any time in moderate weather till February or March. It comprises a regulation both of the old and young wood. Carefully pre- serve the sound and productive branches and bearers in their full expansion, and reduce or remove such only as are irregular in growth, loo crowded, unfruitful, decayed, or cankery. Any branches extending out of bounds prune into some good lateral shoot or fruit-bud. According to the time the bearers have already lasted, look to some promising shoots for successors to those which may first wear out. To fill immediate vacancies retain select shoots of the last year and the year before, with imiformly a leader to the advancing branch where there is room, and with lateral shoots in any open or unproductive space nearer tlie origin of the branches, to be trained as bearers between the main branches. Some cut superfluous fruit-shoots clean away ; others leave a sprinkling of short stubs cut very short if fore- right. The new laterals and terminals are to be trained in at full length as far as room will permit. They will come into bearing the first and second year. In priming cherry trees in general be careful to preserve the small clustering fruit spurs, except where on wall trees any old spurs project considerably, and assume a rugged disorderly appearance ; cut such clean out smoothly. Pruning the Morello cherry. " The Morello cherry bears principally on the shoots of last year, the fruit proceeding imme- diately from the eyes of the shoots, and bears but casually, and in a small degree, on close spurs formed on the two year old wood, and hardly ever on wood of the third year. 'J'herefore both in the summer and winter pruning leave a supply of last year's shoots on all the branches, from the origin to the extre- mity of the tree, for next year's bearers, cutting out past bearers to make room. It is plain that the Morello ought to have no stubs left with a view to spurs, and all foreright shoots ought to be disbudded while young. To leave a convenient space for young wood train the present bearers 6 inches apart ; lay in be- tween each of these one young shoot forbearing next year, whicli will make the promiscuous distance 3 inches." Underwood (Caled. hort. mem. 1. p. 427.) has often observed, when the branches of cherry trees are laid in too near to one another, or are crossed by branches of the same kind, or by plum-tree branches, as is sometimes the case, that although there be abun- dance of blossom, yet there is no crop even in good seasons. On examining the blossoms produced on such crowded shoots he found that in 50 flowers there were not above two styles, of course no fruit could be expected. By not laying in the branches so close, and by removing all superfluous summer shoots, more light and air was admitted, and he had in consequence plentiful crops. Renovating old or decayed trees. Proceed as in the renovat- ing the plum, see p. SO-i. Growing cherry trees in orchards. Near large towns cherries might be cultivated in orchards to a certain extent. In Kent and Hertfordshire are the cherry orchards which afford the chief supply for the London market. The sorts are chiefly the caroon, smalt black or Kentish, the May-duke, and the Alorello ; but Holma7i's duke, the black heart, and large black gean will do well in orchards. Protecting from birds. " As cherries in the ripening state are frequently attacked by birds, it is advisable to have choice 1 wall-trees or espaliers defended with large nets in due time. Old fishing nets may also be spread over the branches of dwarf standards. To protect other standard trees let scare-crows and clap-boards be put up." Gathering t.lie frwt. Use the hand, taking hold of the fruit- stalk in gathering from the wall, and the cherry gatherer, in gathering from the distant branches of high standards. Insects and diseases, &c. Wall cherry trees are often infested with the red-spider, but standards are generally not much in- jured by insects. Nasmith says, " our cherry trees botli in the open air, and on the natural walls, particularly the tops of young shoots, are much attacked with a small black insect, provincially called the black beetle. The remedy I have found most effec- tual for their destruction is a mixture of pitch with one-sixteenth part of powdered orpiment, one-sixteenth part of sulphur, dis- solved over a slow fire in an earthen pipkin, until they be well incorporated ; when cold, divide it into small pieces about the size of a hen's egg, and burn it under the trees with damp straw, directing the smoke as much as possible where the insects are most numerous. In an hour afterwards, if the state of the fruit will admit, give the trees a good washing with a garden engirK-, which generally clears off the half dead beetles, and prevents the spreading of the red-spider." Caled. hort. mem. 2, p. 90. Of the culture of the cherry-house. Though the cherry be a native of Britain no fruit is more diffi- cult to force. M'Phail observes, " no tree forced for obtaining fruit early is more liable to fail of a good crop than the cherry ; the blossoms are apt to fall off before the fruit is set, and the fruit will keep falling off before and after they are as large as peas. This is occasioned by a kind of stagnation of air about them, which affects the tender blossoms and young shoots." Soil. M'Phail says, " take light, sandy, rich, mellow earth, and make a border of it the whole width of the house, and 4 feet deep." According to Nicol, " the border should be from 24 to 30 inches deep ; the bottom, if not naturally mild and dry, to be drained and paved. The soil should be a sandy loam or light hale garden earth, made moderately rich with stable-yard dung well reduced, or with other light compost. If a small portion of lime, or a modeiate quantity of marl, were mixed with it so much the better. The soil for cherries to be forced in pots or tubs should be considerably richer than the above." Torbron (Hort. trans. 4. p. 11 G.) uses fresh virgin soil and rotten dung. Choice of sorts. M'Phail, Nicol, and all gardeners agree in giving the preference to the May-duke. Nicol says, " none of the other kinds set so well, except the Morello, which I do not hesitate to say well deserves a place ; it is a good bearer, and the fruit when forced acquires superior size and flavour." Nicol, kal. p. 295. Choice of plants. M'Phail takes standards of different heights in a bearing state ; Nicol clean, healthy, young plants, that have been one or two years in training against a wall ; Torbron trees 8 or 10 years from the bud, and selected of such various heights as best suits the size of the house. Choice of situation. M'Phail and Torbron plant in rows, beginning with the tallest in the back side, reserving the shortest for the front, letting them slope to the south gradually, some- what in the form in which plants are set in the green-house." (Gard. remem. 146. and Hort. trans. 4. p. 116.) Nicol has a trellis against the back wall for wall-trained trees, and a border in front in which he plants dwarf standards. The dwarfs against the back trellis he plants 8 or 10 feet apart. Riders that have been 3 or 4 years trained, and are well furnished with fruit-spurs, may be planted between the dwarfs. They may probably yield a few fruit the first season, and will hardly fail to produce plentifully in that following. In the border may be AMYGDALACE^. V. Ceuasis. 511 planted, as dwarf standards, to be kept under 5 feet in lieight, some well furnished plants tliat have been kept in large pots or tubs for a year or two ; such being more fruitful, and less apt to go to wood, than plants that have grown in the open ground. In planting these the ball of earth should not be much reduced, only a few of the under roots should be spread out, for if the ball were reduced, and the whole roots spread out as in the ordi- nary way of planting, when it is wished that the plant may push freely, the intention here would be thwarted, which is to have the plant dwarf and fruitful, growing little to wood. Along with these may be planted in the same way an apricot or two, or figs, or both, that have been dwarfed in pots or tubs as above. If they succeed it would give a pleasant variety, of which there need be little doubt, as the temperature, soil, and general treat- ment for cherries will suit apricots, and not far disagree with (igs. These little standards may be allowed a space of about 4 feet square each, which is sufficient, as they must not be suffered to rise high or spread far, on account of shading the trees on the trellis. In planting of the principal dwarfs and riders, let the work be carefully performed. They should be raised with as good roots, and be kept as short time out of the ground as pos- sible, placing them just as deep as they have been before, spread- ing out their roots and fibres, and filling in with fine earth. The whole should have a moderate quantity of water, and have air freely admitted every day, defending them, however, from snow or much rain. The house should not be forced the first year ; and it will be better to defer heading in the plants till the middle or end of ilarch than to prune them now. I shall, therefore, take no further notice of them till then, supposing they are to be attended to with respect to air and moderate waterings. It is necessary, however, to remark, that the plants should be care- fully anointed with the liquor recommended for vines, see vol. 1. p. 70S. either just now or sometime in the course of the month. Time of jtlanting. According to Nicol and M'Phail January and February ; to Torbron early in the autumn. Pruning. Trees planted in January may be pruned about the middle or end of March. The dwarfs planted against the trellis should be well cut in, that is, each shoot of last year should be shortened back to three or four buds, that the plants may throw out a sufficiency of young shoots to fill the rail from the bottom. The dwarfs planted in the border as little standards need not be headed in so much, as the intention is to have the fruit full, and that they may grow little to wood from the beginning. Their short shrubby shoots need not be touched, unless bruised or hurt in transplanting, shortening back the longer and weaker ones a few inches, according to their strength. The riders planted against the back trellis may be treated very much in the same manner, the sole intention being to obtain a few crops of them while the dwarfs are making wood, and filling their spaces. In November following the trees may be pruned for the succeed- ing season. In order to produce wood to fill the trellis as soon as possible, the dwarfs should be pretty much headed in. The shoots may be pruned very much in the manner of the trees in the early house, shortening no shoots that are fully ripened, except a few of those at the extremities of the tree, in order to make them throw out others for its full extension upwards next year. November is also the proper time for pruning an esta- blished cherry-house preparatory to forcing for the next year. As cherry trees which have been forced make very little wood, the pruning required is probably nothing further than moderately to thin out the spurs, and to prune oft" any accidental breast- wood or water-shoots that may have risen since the crop was gathered. " The leading shoots, except for the purpose of pro- ducing wood to fill up any blank or vacancy, need not be short- ened.; nor need those in the lower parts of the tree, except for the same reason. But if it be necessary to shorten these, let them be cut pretty well in, as otherwise they will push very weakly. Shoots on the extreme parts of the tree that should be shortened for the aljove purpose, need not however be cut so closely in. If they be headed back one-third or to half their lengths, it will generally be found sufficient." Summer pruning. Very little of this is requisite, such water- shoots or breast-wood as arise among the spurs are to be pinched oft" as they a])pear, laying in such shoots only of this description as may be wanted to fill an occasional vacancy. Train in the summer shoots of the dwarfs as they advance at the distance of about 8 or 9 inches from each other ; and otherwise observe the general rules for pruning cherries on walls and espaliers. Stirring the soil. After priming, the borders are to be forked up, and a little well-rotted dung mixed with sand worked in if thought necessary. In summer they may be slightly stirred on the surface, and weeded to keep them fresh, clean, and neat, and where a part of the border is outside the house cover with horse- dung or litter in the early part of the season. '1 he time of beginning to force is sometimes December, but more generally January and February. " Newly planted trees," Nicol observes, " will bear gentle forcing next spring, from the first or middle of March, which ought to be considered merely as preparatory to forcing them fully, till aliont the first of Fe- bruary the third year." Torbron, if the trees have been re- moved witli good balls, admits of gentle forcing the first spring, but prefers deferring it till the third year. He says, " I have had an abundant crop of fine cherries from trees which had been planted onlv a few months before forcing, but would not recom- mend the risking of a whole crop, unless the trees have been longer established." Where cherries are to be ripened early in the season he " shuts in about the beginning of December, and lights the fires about the third or last week of that month." Hort. trans. !•. p. 116. Temperalure. Abercrombie begins at 40'', " and throughout the first week lets the minimum be 40", and the maximum 42", giving plenty of air. By gradual advances in the second, third, and fourth week, raise the course to 42° min. and 45° max. In strong sunshine admit air freely rather than have the tempera- ture above 52°, by collecting the warm air. In the fifth and sixth week the artificial minimum may be gradually elevated to 45°, but the ma.ximum should be restrained to 48° from fire heat, and to 55° from sun heat, until the plants are in flower. After the blossoms are shown, and until the fruit is set, aim to have the heat from the flues at 48° min. and 52° max. At this stage maintain as free an interchange of air as the weather will permit, and when the sun heat is strong do not let the temperature within exceed GO". As the fruit is to be swelled and ripened, the re- quisite heat is 60° min. and 65° max." In January M'Phail does not let the cherry-house rise higher than 50°. In February " if the thermometer in the morning is as low as 35° there is no danger, but it should ri e in the course of the day to imitate nature as near as possible. In the month of March the thermo- meter in the open air in the shade seldom rises above 55". In the month of April it seldom rises above 65°. But it is observed that when the sun shines on a cherry tree or other trees in the open air, the heat on them is higher than in the shade. The cherry tree is of such a delicate nature to force, that it is impos- sible for any person to write down the exact temperature of the air, which would insure a crop from it in the forcing way." When the fruit is beginning to colour and swell off for ripening, the temperature may be raised 4 or 5 degrees. Torbron (Hort. trans. 4. p. 119.) says, " for the first three, four, or five weeks of li.Thting fires, if the weather be so severe as to depress the thermometer in the open air from 22" to 112" degrees ; then let the thermometer inside the house be kept from 'iSf to 40°, or just sufficient to exclude the frost. If the weather be not severe 512 AMYGDALACEjE. v. Cerasus. during the above period the thermometer may be kept to 45° inside the house. As the season advances and becomes more mild, and the days longer, probably about the first or middle of February, the thermometer may be raised to 50°, and then it is expedient to give gentle sprinklings by an engine or syringe two or three times a week in the evening. Whilst the trees are in bloom no sprinkling must be used, but the flues when only mo- derately hot are to be steamed morning and evening, and every day and hour of sunshine, and in calm and mild weather fresh air must be copiously admitted. When the petals begin to drop, and when the fruit is set, the temperature may be raised to 55°, the house being engined three or four times a week in the even- ing, but never till the bloom is all down. When the cherries are completely stoned the thermometer may be raised to 60° by fire heat, sprinkling every evening by the engine till the fruit is nearly ripe ; the house may be kept higher by day as well as by night after stoning. Watering. M'Phail waters occasionally at the root and over the top till the trees are in blossom ; but when the stones in the fruit are become hard, the trees may be washed all over occa- sionally with clean water, not too cold. Let this be done in a fine sunny morning. In April, when the cherries are grown large, give the border a good watering now and then, which will enable the trees to swell their fruit to a good size ; by keeping them in a healthy growing state the fruit will be fine flavoured, and the trees will make strong flower-buds for the ensuing sea- son. If the fruit is not ripening, wash the trees occasionally, in a sunshiny morning, with sweet clean water. According to Torbron, " from the time the flower begins to open till the fruit is completely stoned, the soil should be but sparingly watered ; but when the stoning is effected water may be applied to the roots freely till the fruit is nearly ripe, when he desists." (Hort. trans. 4. p. 119.) Before the fruit begins to colour the engine should be exercised with force, and often for a week or two, to subdue the red spider. After the crop is gathered the water- ing must be resumed, and continued till the foliage begins to drop. The border may be kept in a moderately moist state until the leaves begin to fall, or till the house be exposed or be uncovered. Air. In forcing the cherry it is essential to continue a free circulation of air ; always sustaining the minimum heat in the different stages. The blossoms will sometimes fall abortive, or the young fruit drop off after setting, from no other cause than a stagnant atmosphere. At first beginning to force M'Phail gives plenty of air night and day. In February, when the trees are in blossom, " let the house have air day and night, and as much as you can when the fruit are swelling off." Nicol says, " the airing of the cherry-house may be performed by the sashes with every safety till the buds begin to expand, and after that in frosty or bad weather air may be admitted by the ventilators. In February nothing is more conducive to the health of the plants, and the setting of the fruit, than a regular and free cir- cidation of air. A day should never pass without less or more air being admitted. As the fruit begins to ripen give as lar^ e and regular portions of air as possible, opening the sashes by 8 or 9 o'clock in the morning, giving full air about 1 0 o'clock, re- ducing about 2 or 3, and shutting up about 4 or 5, sooner or later according to the state of the atmosphere. In conducting this matter, however, regard must be had to the temperature, but air may be admitted in sunshine to such an extent as to keep down the mercury or spirits in the thermometer to 65°, and at other times to 60°." Gard. kal. p. 339. Torbron says, " the cherry in forcing reqviiring more fresh air than most other fruits, particular attention must be paid to its admission, by the gardener having it in his power occasionally to make as many inlets or openings as convenient. It will be conducive to this end that the roof and the upright or front sashes, if any, be moveable, and all with little difficulty, because in changeable weather the cur- rent of air may be required to be augmented or reduced many times in one day. Air must be admitted freely and copiously when the weather is mild and calm, and accompanied with sun- shine, during the time the cherries are in bloom, and also near the time of their ripening." Hort. trans. 4. p. 119. Insects and diseases. " The cherry is liable to be infested by a small grub-worm, which rolls itself up in the leaves, and extends its ravages to the fruit. As soon as the insect is perceived the trees should be searched daily, that it may be destroyed by the hand, and prevented from spreading. It usually shows itself first about the time of flowering." Pract. gard. p. 661. The cherry-house, as the season advances, may be smoked once a week or ten days, which will prevent the trees from being in- fested with a blackish kind of insect, frequently very pernicious. Birds are apt to get into the house and eat the fruit, therefore narrow nets should be employed, which will prevent birds as well as wasps and flies from getting to the fruit. Torbron fumigates for the black fly, and picks off the grub. Gathering and keejiing the fruit. If it be found necessary cherries will keep some time on the trees, provided the birds can be kept from them. Keep the house for the purpose dry, cool, and well aired. Gard. rem. p. 246. Exposing the nood. This, according to all the authors quoted, may be done from the time the fruit is gathered till within a week or ten days of the recommencement of forcing. The glass should be entirely taken off, unless the cherry-house is in part used for some other purpose, to which this practice would be in- jurious. Forcing cherry trees in pots. M'Phail and Nicol concur in approving the very general practice of planting cherry trees in pots; in which, or in tubs of a foot or 15 inches in diameter, they may be successfidly forced. Three or four dozen good plants managed in this way would give a great deal of fruit, which might be had in succession for a considerable length of time by dividing the plants into 3 or 4 classes or divisions, and shifting them from one compartment to another. In January the first 12 trees may be placed in the green-house or conser- vator}', if there be one, or in a peach-house now at work, placing them in the coolest part of the house, but in the full light, and where they may have plenty of air. They must be didy attended to with water at the roots, and be frequently syringed at top, generally once in two days. The pots being occasionally watered with the drainings of the dung-hill would add much to the vigour of the plants ; there is no method of manuring more effectual or so readily accomplished. The plants may remain here till the fruit be fairly set, the stoning over, and all danger of dropping past. They may then be placed in a vinery or stove to ripen off, where they would come in early, and be very high flavoured, if placed near the light, and so as that they may have free air daily. In February a second and third dozen should be taken in, and a fourth in the beginning of March, and each similarly treated. Gard. kal. It is very common with early forced cherry trees to bear a second crop late in the same season. Hort. trans. 3. p. 367. Mr. B. Law (Hort. trans, series 2. voh 1.) finds the following method of forcing cherries attended with greater suc- cess than any other he is acquainted with. He puts the cherry trees into his houses, giving tliem but very little water at the close of the year, by which he finds them better prepared for blooming in the spring. Their pots have a capacity of from two quarts to two g.allons, according to the size of the plants, but the soil in which they are planted is by no means rich, for he finds that highly manured soil makes the shoots too luxuriant, and causes them to gum. When he begins to force he waters but sparingly, and admits air both by night and by day as much as AMYGDALACE.E. V. Cerasus. 513 the weather will permit ; lor he finds alternate ventillation by day and confinement by night to be very injurious. He opens his back lights in any kind of weather dose to tiie trees. In frosty vveather he increases his fires, to enable him to give con- stant air witliout actually allowing the temperature to fall to 32°. In this manner he proceeds very slowly until the blossoms are all set. He subsequently raises the temperature to 65", and after- wards gradually to 70", increasing the moisture of the atmos- phere at the same time, and always taking care to keep the ven- tillation as abundant as he possibly can. By which means he finds the crop certain and abundant without the use of any kind of bottom heat, as tan leaves, &c. Forcing by a temporarij structure. Torborn observes, that " where a portion of wall (especially with a southern aspect) already well furnished with may-dukes perfectly established, and in a bearing state, can be spared for forcing, a temporary glass case may be put up against it ; the flue may be built on the sur- face of the border without digging or sinking for a foundation ; neither will any upright or front wall be requisite, the wooden plate on which the lower end of the rafters are to rest may be supported by piles sunk or driven into the soil of the border, one pile under every or every alternate rafter. The place be- tween the surface and the soil should be filled by boards nailed against the piles to exclude the external air, for the plate must be elevated above the level of the surface from 18 to 30 inches, or whatever height may be sufficient to let the sashes slip down, in order to admit fresh air. I believe this to be an uncommon structure, and it may perhaps be objected to ; but I am con- fident it will suit well for cherries, for I have constructed such places even for forcing peaches with good success, as well as for maturing and preserving a late crop of grapes." Hort. trans. 4. p. 117. 6 C. SEMPERFLORENS (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 481. Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. p. 30. no. 18. t. 5. f. A.) branches drooping ; leaves ovate, serrated ; flowers late, axillary, solitary ; calyxes ser- rated ; fruit globose, red. 1^ . H. Native country unknown. Primus semperflorens, Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 132. Prunus serotina, Roth. cat. 1. p. 58. Flowers white. This is the All-saints or weeping-cherry, the cerise de la loussaint, cerise tardive, cerise de Saint Martin, and Guignier cl rameaux pcndans of the French. The fruit is small, round, red, watery, but it is of little value. Var. /3, sessilijibra (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 537.) This is a monstrosity, bearing earlier sessile flowers, and foliaceous styles. Ever-fionering Weeping or All Saints' Cherry. Fl. May. Tree 10 to 20 feet. 7 C. ciiam^ece'rasus (Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 29. t. 5. f. A.) flowers umbellate ; umbels usually sessile ; peduncles longer than the leaves when in fruit ; fruit round, reddish purple, very acid ; leaves obovate, shining, crenated, blunt- ish, quite glabrous, rather coriaceous, hardly glandular. Ij . H. Native of Siberia and Germany. C. intermedia, Lois. 1. c. p. 30. Prunus intermedia, Poir. diet. 5. p. 674. Priinus fruti- cosa, Pall. fl. ross. 1. p. 19. t. 8. B. Chamaecerasus fruticosa, Pers. ench. 2. p. 34. Lower serratures of leaves glandular. Flowers white. Ground-cherry or Siberian-cherry. Fl. May. Clt. 1597. Tree 2 to 4 feet. 8 C. PERSictFOLiA (Lois. 1. c. p. 9.) flowers umbellate, nume- rous ; peduncles rather capillary ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acu- minated, unequally-serrulated ; petioles biglandular. Ij . H. Native of North America? Prunus persicifolia, Desf. arbr. 2. p. 205. This kind of cherry was raised from seeds sent by Michaux from North America. Peach-leaved Cherry. Fl. May. Tree 8 to 10 feet. 9 C. Pu'ddum (Roxb. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 37. t. 143.) VOL. II. leaves ovate, lanceolate, acuminated, sharply serrulated ; flowers umbellate ; umbels on short peduncles ; bracteas ciliated ; calyx tubular, length of the peduncle ; limb of calyx refh-xcd ; fruit roundish, red. I; . IL Native of Nipaul, between Ilurdwar and Sirinaghur. Flowers rose-coloured. Tiie wood is reckoned very useful in Nipaul. The fruit is like that of a common cherry ; it is refreshing, but not very sweet. Tlie tree is found in the south of Hindostan, Nipaul, Kamaon, Deyra, Sirmore, and elsewhere in great abundance. Puddum is the vernacular name of the tree. Puddum Cherry. Fl. Oct. Nov. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 10 C. i'u'mii.a (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 286.) striated; branches twiggy ; flowers subumbellate, pedunculate ; calyx short, campanulate ; leaves obovate-oblong, erect, glaucous be- neath, glabrous, hardly serrulated ; fruit ovate, red. ^2 . H. Native of Canada. Lois, in Duham, ed. nov. 5. p. 31. Prunus piimila, Lin. mant. 73. Mill. fig. t. 89. f. 2. Cerasus glaiica, Moench. meth. 072. Stature of Amygdalus nana. Li Canada it is commonly called Ragomninier. Flowers white. Fruit red, acid. Z)jrar/ Canadian-cherry. Fl. May. Clt. 175C. Sh. 3 to 4 ft. 11 C. PYGM.E A (Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 32. no. 21.) unarmed ; umbels sessile, few-flowered ; leaves ovate-elliptic, ' acutish, glabrous on both surfaces, tapering to the base, sharply serrated, bearing 2 glands at the base ; fruit black, hardly suc- culent, about the size of a large pea. H . H. Native of North America. Priinus pygmse'a, Willd. spec. 2. p. 993. Flowers white, size of those of Prunus spinosa. Pigmy Cherry. Fl. May. Clt. 1823. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 12 C. NIGRA (Lois. 1. c. p. 32. no. 22.) unarmed ; umbels ses- sile, few-flowered ; lobes of calyx obtuse ; leaves ovate, acumi- nated ; petioles biglandular. h . H. Native of Canada, and from Fort William in lat. 48 deg. to the Saskatchawan, Lake Huron, and Newfoundland. Sims, bot. mag. 1117. Prunus nigra. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 165. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 198. Calyx purple, with obtuse segments, having glandular margins. iJ/ac/c Canadian-cherry. Fl. April, May. Ch. 1773. Shridj. 13 C. borea'lis (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 286. Lois. 1. c. 5. p. 32. no. 23.) flowers sub-corymbous ; pedicels longish ; leaves oval-oblong, acuminated, membranous, glabrous, erosely denticulated; fruit small, egg-shaped, red, with sweet flesh. Ij . H. Native of North America, on the high mountains of New England. Prunus borealis, Poir. diet. 5. p. 674. Leaves like those of the common almond, with the serratures inflexed, and tipped l)y glands at the apex. Northern CUerry or Choke-cherry. Fl. May. Clt. 1822. Sh. 14 C. glandulSsa (Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 33. no. 26.) flowers solitary ; peduncles pendulous ; leaves oblong, acute, with glandular serratures, glabrous, of the same colour on both surfaces ; branches imarmed. ^ . H. Native of Japan. Prunus glandulosa, Thunb. fl. jap. 203. Corolla flesh-coloured. G/nnr/u/ar-leaved Cherry. Shrub 5 to 8 feet. 15 C. a'spera (Lois. 1. c. 5. p. 33. no. 24.) branches dot- ted ; flowers solitary, terminal, pedunculate ; leaves ovate, acu- minated, serrated, scabrous on both surfaces. 1^ . H. Native of Japan. Primus dspera, Thunb. fl. jap. 201. Poir. diet. 5. p. 675. Drupe the size of pepper, blue, glabrous, edible, contam- ing a hard acutish stone. Tlie upper surface of the leaf is so hard that it is used for polishing in Japan. .RoH^/f-leaved Cherry. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 16 C. iNcisA (Lois. 1. c. 5. p. 33. no. 27.) branches imarmed ; flowers solitary; peduncles capillary, twice the length of the leaves ; leaves ovate, deeply serrated, villous ; calyx cylindrical, ferruginous. ^, . H. Native of Japan. Priinus incisa, Thunb. fl. jap. 202. Petals rose-coloured. 3lJ 5U AMYGDALACE^. V. Cerasus. Cwi-leaved Cherry. Slirub 6 feet. 17 C. depre'ssa (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 331.) branches angular, depressed, pi'ostrate ; umbels few-flowered, sessile, ag- gregate; leaves lanceolate-cuneated, a little serrated, glabrous, glaucous beneath ; fruit ovate. 1^ • H. Native of North Ame- rica, from Canada to Virginia, throughout Canada, and as far as the Saskatchawan. Cerasus pvlmila, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 286. but not the Primus pumila of Lin. Primus Susquehanse, Willd. enum. 519. baumz. ed. 2. p. 286. Flowers white. Depressed or Sand-cherry. Fl. May. Clt. 1805. Shrub prostrate. 18 C. hyema'lis (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 284.) umbels sessile, aggregate ; segments of the calyx lanceolate ; leaves oval-oblong or obovate, abruptly acuminated ; fruit subovate. fj . H. Native of Canada, Virginia, and in the shady woods of Carolina. Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 194. Flowers white. Fruit black and astringent, eatable only in the winter. Winter or Black Choke cherry. Fl. May. Clt. 1805. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 19 C. prostra'ta (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 538.) decum- bent ; flowers usually solitary, almost sessile ; calyx tubular ; leaves ovate, deeply-serrated, glandless, clothed with hoary to- mentum beneath ; fruit ovate, red, with tender flesh, and with the sutures of the stone very blunt. Ij . H. Native of the mountains of Candia, and on mount Lebanon, and of Siberia. Primus prostrata, Labill. syr. dec. 1. p. 15. Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 182. t. 53. f. 2. good. Curt. bot. mag. 13G. Priinus in- cana, Steven in mem. soc. mosq. 3. p. 263. Petals ovate, retuse, rose-coloured. Prostrate Cherry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1802. Sh. pros. 20 C. hu'milis (Moris, elench. sard. p. 17.) stems depressed ; flowers usually solitary, pedicellate ; calyx tubular ; leaves ob- long or ovate, unequally serrated, glabrous, and green on both surfaces, reticulately veined beneath ; fruit ovate, h . H. Na- tive of Sardinia. Habit of C. prostrata, but differs from it in the nerves being hoary. Petals ovate, of a pale rose colour. Humble Cherry. Fl. June, July. Shrub depressed. 21 C. Chi'casa (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 284.) branches rather spinescent, quite glabrous ; flowers usually twin ; pedicels very short ; calyx glabrous, with very short segments ; leaves oval-oblong, acute or acuminated ; fruit nearly globose, small, yellow. Ij . H. Native of Carolina, to which country it has been introduced by the Lidians, and by them called Chicasatr. Chicasarv Cherry or Plum. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1806. Shrub 6 feet. 22 C. pube'scens (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 538.) umbels ses- sile, few-flowered ; peduncles and calyxes pubescent ; leaves short, oval, serrulated, for the most part biglandular at the base ; fruit globose. Tj . H. Native of New England and Pennsyl- vania. Priinus pubescens, Pursh. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 331. Prii- nus sphaerocarpa, Michx. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 284. but not of Suarlz. Young branches pubescent. Fruit on short pedicels, of a brownish purple-colour, and astringent. Pubescent Cherry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1820. Shrub. 23 C. Japo'nica (Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 33.) leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous, shining ; peduncles solitary ; lobes of calyx shorter than the tube. h . G. Native of Japan. Prii- nus Japonica, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 201. Priinus Sinensis, Pers. ench. 2. p. 36. Flowers red. Drupe the size of a pea. J ar. fi, mullip>lex (Ser.) flowers semidouble, with the petals white on the upper side, and red on the under. Priinus Ja- ponica, Ker. bot. reg. 27. Jajmn Cherry. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1810. Sh. 2 to 4 feet. 24 C. Chine'nsis ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, doubly serrated, wrinkled from veins beneath ; peduncles sub-aggregate, f; . H. Native of China. Amy'gdalus piainila, Lin. mant. 74. Sims, bot. mag. 2176. exclusive of the synonyme of Pluck. Flowers semi- double, red. China Cherry. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1810. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 25 C. serrula'ta (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 430.) leaves obovate, acuminated, setaceously serrulated, quite gla- brous ; petioles glandular ; flowers in fascicles. ^j . G. Native of China, where it is called Yung-to. Priinus serrulata, Lindl. hort. trans. 7. p. 23S. This species is generally known by the name of double Chinese-cherry. The flowers are pale white, and very ornamental. Serndated-leaMtd Cherry. Fl. April. Clt. 1822. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 26 C. salicina (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 480.) flowers usually solitary, shorter than the leaves; leaves obovate, acumi- nated, glandularly serrated, glabrous ; stipulas subulate, glan- dular, length of the petiole ; petiole glandless. Ij . F. Native of China, where it is called Ching-cho-lee or Tung-chok-lce plum. Priinus salicina, Lindl. hort. trans. Flowers small, white. Fruit about the size of those of the Myrobalan plum. It seems to come nearest to C. glandulosa. Willow Cherry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1822. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. Sect. IL Lauroce'rasus (the name indicates it is a cherry in fruit, and laurel in leaves). Laurocerasus and Cerasus species, Tourn. inst. t. 493. Flowers disposed in racemes, rising from the branches. § 1 . Padus (from TzuioQ, pados, a name given by I'heo- phrastus to a tree analogous to the cherry). Leaves caducous, 27 C. Pennsylva'kica (Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 9.) umbels almost sessile, aggregate, sometimes in the form of pani- cles ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous, biglandular at the base. 1; . H. Native of North America, Canada as far as the Saskatchawan, and from Newfoundland to the Kocky Mountains. Priinus Pennsylvanica, Lin. fil. suppl. 252. Priinus lanceolata, Willd. arb. 240. t. 3. f. 3. Flowers white. Fruit smaller than those of the cherry, agreeable to eat. Pennsylvanian Bird-cherry. Fl. May. Clt. 1773. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 28 C. panicula'ta (Lois. 1. c. 5. p. 9. Ker. bot. reg. t. 80.) flowers panicled, spreading ; leaves ovate. ^ . G. Native of Japan. Primus paniculiita, Tlumb. fl. jap. 200. Flowers large, white. Very like C. Mahiilcb, but differs in the panicle of flowers being larger and more spreading, in the flowers being smaller, in the leaves being more oblong and attenuated at the base, and acutely serrated. Panicled-Rowered Bird-cherry. Fl. May. Shrub. 29 C. pseu'do-ce'rasus (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. 200.) leaves obovate, acuminated, flat, serrated ; flowers racemose ; branches and peduncles pubescent ; fruit small, pale red, of a pleasant subacid flavour, with a small smooth stone. Fj . H. Native of China, where it is called Yung-to. Primus pseudo- cerasus, Lindl. hort. trans. G. p. 90. Primus paniculata, Ker. bot. reg. 800. but not of Thunb. Flowers white. This species of cherry forces well. False-cherry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1821. Sh. 6 to 10 feet. 30 C. Maha^leb (Mill. diet. no. 4. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 480.) racemes somewhat corymbose, leafy ; leaves broad, roundish- cordate, denticulated, glandular, folded together ; fruit ovate- roundish, black. Tj . H. Native of the south of Europe. Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 6. t. 2. Primus Mahaleb, Lin. spec. 678. Jacq. fl. austr. t. 227. Resembling the apricot in foliage. Flowers white. The wood is red, very hard, and sweet-scented, and on that account is greatly esteemed by the French for mak- ing cabinets and other furniture, under the name oibois de Saintc AMYGDALACE.E. V. CiUAsus. 515 Lucie. The fruit is black, yiililini; a bitter purple juicf, the stain of which is not easily etliiced. A fra>;rrant anil pleasant distilled water is made from both leaves and flowers. iV/n/in/ei Bird-cherry. Fl. Ap. May. Clt. 1711. Tree 10 ft. 31 C. Pa'dus (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 580.) racemes elongated, leafy, drooping ; petals obovate ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, rather acuminated ; fruit round, blnck, astringent. 't . H. Native of Europe and Siberia, in hedges and in woods ; plentiful in some parts of Britain. I'n'uuis Padus, Lin. spec. 677. .Smith, engl. l)ot. t.lJ83. Flowers white. F'ruit black, called 6()'rf-c/(crri/,ybH'/-c7((?j-c(/, clusler-cherry, and in Scotland htiit-bcrnj. A strong decoction of the bark is used by the Finlanders to cure venereal complaints. The fruit is nauseous to most palates, but infused in gin or whiskey it greatly improves these spirits, and is only surpassed by an infusion of peach leaves. Var. a, vulgaris (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 539.) flowers large, loose, on long peduncles ; frtiit black. Primus padus a, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 580. Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 2. t. I. Far. ft, panijiura (Ser. 1. c.) flowers smaller ; peduncles shorter and denser ; fruit black. Oed. fl. dan. t. 205. Var. y, rubra (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 539.) fruit red. C. P^dus fruciu rubro, D. C. fl. fr. t. p. 580. Lois. 1. c. Primus riibra, Willd. aibr. 237. t. 4. f. 2. ex Ait. hort. kew. cd. 2. p. 299. This is the Cornish or red-bird cherry. Var. c, hracteosa (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 539.) flowers very numerous ; pedicels furnished with long bracteas. C. Padus t, D. C. herb. Common Padus or Bird-cherry. Fl. April, May. Britain, Tree 10 to 30 feet. 32 C. acumin.Vta (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 78. t. 181.) leaves lanceolate, acuminated, remotely serrated, and are, as well as the flowers, glabrous, sometimes with a few glands beneath ; racemes axillary, solitary, or in fascicles, a little shorter than the leaves. Vj . G. Native of the mountains of Nipaul. Flowers white. Racemes nodding. Aroa is the Nipaul name of the tree. Acuvtinated-\ea\eA Bird-cherry. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 33 C. Virginia'na (Mich.\. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 285.) racemes erect, elongated ; petals orbicular ; leaves oblong, acuminated, doubly-toothed, smooth; petioles usually bearing about 4 glands ; fruit red. Tj . H. Native of Virginia, Carolina, and Canada. Primus rubra, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 162. Willd. arb. 238. t. 5. f. 1. Primus argiita, Bigelovv in litt. — Catesb. car. 2. t. 19. — Park. par. 599. t. 597. f. 6. Flowers white. Fruit globose. Wood beautifully veined with black and white. The tree retains its foliage late in autumn. J'irginian Bird-cherry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1724. Tree 20 to 80 feet. 34 C. Canade'nsis (Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 3.) leaves without glands, broad-lanceolate, wrinkled, pubescent on both surfaces, and green, drawn down into the petiole. 1; . H. Na- tive of Canada. Primus Canadensis, Willd. spec. 2. p. 986. — Pluk. aim. t. 158. f. 4. Flowers white. Can«(/a Bird-cherry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 35 C. MOLLIS (Dougl. mss. Hook. fl. bor. amer. 169.) racemes short, pubescently tomentose, as well as the calyxes ; calycine segments reflexed ; leaves obovate-oblong, crenated, pubescent beneath ■, fruit ovate. T^ • H. Native of the north-west coast of America, near the mouth of the Columbia, and on subalpine hills near the source of the river. Like C. jnibescens in habit. Young branches dark brown and downy. Flowers white. Soft Bird-cherry. Tree 12 to 24 feet. 36 C. emargina'ta (Dougl. mss. Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 169.) racemes corymbose ; pedicels elongated, glabrous ; calyx gla- brous, with ovate, obtuse, reflexed segments ; leaves oval, den- ticulately serrulated, glabrous, acute at the base, and biglan- dular, but obtuse at the apex, and usually emarginato ; fruit glo- bose. I^ . H. Native of north-west America, on the upper part of the Columbia river, especially about the Kettle Fails. Flowers white. F'ruit astringent. Wood red spotted with white. Leaves 2 inches long. E marginate-]ca.vcd Bird-cherry. Shrub 4 to 8 feet. 37 C. Cai'o'llin (D. C. prod. 2. p. 539.) racemes rather com- pound, lateral, and terminal ; leaves lanceolate, serrated, gla- brous ; fruit globose. V^ . G. Native of Mexico, in cold and temperate places. Primus Virginiana, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. incd. Priinus Canadensis, pi. mex. ined. — Hern. mex. 95. with a figure. The leaves are about the size and form of those of Salix friigilis. The fruit is the colour and form of that of C. ih-ium. The bark of this tree is employed in Mexico as a febrifuge. Capollin Bird-cherry. Shrub. 38 C. Nu'Aulk'nsis (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 540.) leaves long, lanceolate, acuminated, bluntly serrated, glabrous, conspi- cuously and reticulately veined beneath, and whitish, pilose in tiie axils of the nerves ; peduncles short, rather villous, as well as the rachis ; calyx glabrous ; fruit? Ij . H. Native of Nipaul. The leaves are almost the form of those of Salix friigilis. Nipaul Bird-cherry. Clt. 1820. Shrub. 39 C. CAPRiciDA ; leaves elliptic, acuminated, coriaceous, gla- brous, quite entire, with unilulately curled margins ; petioles glandless ; racemes either solitary or aggregate by threes, many- flowered, glabrous, shorter than the leaves. Ij . G. Native of Nipaul, at Narainhetty. Priinus capricida. Wall, in litt. Prunus undulita, Haniilt. ex D. Don, prod. p. 239. Cerasus undulata, Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 540. The leaves of this shrub con- tain so large a quantity of prussic-acid as to kill the goats of Nipaul. This shrub is probably evergreen. Goat-killing Bird-cherry. Sh. 40 C. ELLi'pTicA (Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 4.) leaves elliptic, serrated, bluntish, veiny, glabrous. h . H. Native of Japan. Priinus elliptica, Thunb. fl. jap. 199. Drupe oblong, about the size of a small grape. Elliptic Aeaxed Bird-cherry. Tree. 41 C. SEROTINA (Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 3.) racemes loose, at length pendulous ; leaves oval or obovate, acuminated, simply serrated, opaque, shining above, naked on botii surfaces, bearded in the axils of the veins beneath ; petioles biglandular ; fruit dark purple, globose. ^ . H. Native of North America, in Canada and Newfoundland. Priinus serotina, Willd. arbr. 239. t. 5. f 2. Priinus Virginiana, Mill. diet. no. 2. Leaves rather coriaceous, shining, the floral ones very narrow at the base. Flowers white. This is the Tawquoy-mecn-ahlik of the Cree Indians. Its fruit is termed Tanqany-mena or Choke- cherry ; it is not very edible in a fresh state, but when dried and bruised it forms an esteemed addition to pemmican. Dr. Richardson says it is the C. I'irginiana. Var. ft, retusa (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 540.) leaves roundish, obovate, rather villous beneath, very blunt, and rather retuse at the apex ; the middle nerve pilose on both sides. ?; . S. Native of South America. Late Bird-cherrv, or Choke-cherry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1629. Tree 20 feet. ^ 2. Laurocerasus (laurus, the laurel, and cerasus, the cherry ; the trees are cherries in fruit but laurels in the leaves). Leaves coriaceous, permanent, evergreen. 42 C. occidenta'lis (Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 4.) ra- cemes lateral ; leaves glandless, oblong, acuminated, quite en- tire, glabrous on both surfaces, f; . S. Native of the West 3 u 2 516 AMYGDALACE^. V. Cerasus. VI. Polydontia. SPIR^EACE^. Indies. Prunus occidentalis, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 925. — Catesb. car. 2. p. 9i. t. 94. ? Flowers white. Occirfento/ Bird-cherry. Fl. year. Clt. 1784. Tree 20 ft. 43 C. Lusita'nica (Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 5.) ra- cemes erect, axillary, longer than the leaves ; leaves ovate-lan- ceolate, serrated, glandless. Tj . H. Native of Portugal and Pennsylvania. Prunus Lusitanica, Lin. spec. C78. Mill. fig. 131. t. 196. f 1.— Dill. hort. elth. 193. t. 159. f. 193. Fruit ovate, red when ripe. The Portugal laurel is one of the most elegant shrubs which we have in our plantations, especially when planted in a proper situation and soil. The evergreen shining leaves and the long racemes of white flowers make altogether a very striking appearance. It was brought to England from Por- tugal, but whether it is a native of that country is doubtful. Far. /3, Hixa (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 540.) leaves larger ; racemes more elongated ; flowers looser. Tj . H. Native of Teneriffe, the Grand Canary, and Palma. Prunus Hixa, Brouss. ex Willd. enum. 517. Prunus multiglandulosa, Cav. ann. sci. nat. 3. p. 59. The lower serratures of the leaves are glandular, according to Willdenow. Portugal Lame]. Fl. June. Clt. 1648. Tree 10 to 20 feet. 44 C. lauro-ce'kasus (Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 6.) racemes shorter tiian the leaves ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, re- motely serrated, furnished with 2 or 4 glands beneath ; fruit ovate, acute. ^2 . H. Native of the I; . S. Native of Brazil. Drupe black. Brasilian Evergreen Bird-cherry. Tree. 47 C. Carolinia'na (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 285.) leaves on short petioles, oblong-lanceolate, mucronate, smooth, rather coriaceous, almost entire ; racemes axillary, dense, shorter than the leaves ; flowers rather large ; fruit nearly globose, mucro- nate. \2 . H. Native of North America, from Carolina to Florida. Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 5. p. 5. Priinus Caroli- niana. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 163. Leaves about 2 inches long, ■| of an inch broad, with a few indentures on their edges. Flowers white. Carolina Evergreen Bird-cherry. Fl. May. Clt. 1759, Tree 20 to 30 feet. 48 C. SALiciFOLiA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 540.) quite glabrous; leaves oblong-lanceolate, ending in a very long acumen, sharply serrulated, smooth, permanent ; calyx permanent, with the lobes denticulated ; petioles furnished with 1 or 2 glands ; style curved. ^ . S. Native of New Granada. Prunus salicifolia, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 4. p. 241. t. 563. Leaves like those of Salixfrdgilis. Flowers white. Willow-leaved Evergreen Bird-cherry. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 49 C. FERRUGiNEA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 540.) leaves obovate, permanent, on short petioles, retuse ; petioles and branches clothed with rusty velvety down ; racemes length of leaves. ^2 ■ S. Native of Mexico. Fruit unknown. Rusty Evergreen Bird-cherry. Shrub. 50 C. Capu'li (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 541.) leaves lanceolate, sharply serrated, glandless, glabrous, fj . S. Native of Peru. Prunus Capiili, Cav. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 477. Perhaps the same as C. CapoUin of Mexico. Capuli Evergreen Bird-cherry. Tree. Cult. All the hardy kinds of this genus are well adapted for shrubberies ; they are generally increased by cuttings or layers, which should be planted in September, in as sheltered a border as possible ; some of them are raised more readily by seeds, as the Portugal laurel. Ripened cuttings of the stove and green- house kinds root freely if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand- glass placed over them ; those of the stove species require bot- tom heat to make them strike root. VI. POLYDO'NTIA (from ■jroXu, poly, many, and ocovg ocovTOQ, odous odontos, a tooth ; calyx having more teeth than other genera in the order). Blum, bijdr. 1104. Lin. syst. Icosandria, Monogijnia. Calyx inferior, campa- nulate, with a 6-cleft deciduous limb. Petals 6, very minute, inserted in the limb of the calyx. Stamens 12-18, nearly equal, inserted with the petals. Ovary free, 1 -celled. Stigma peltate. Drupe kidney-shaped, dry, 1 -seeded. Embryo exalbuminous, inverted. — A tree 30 to 50 feet high, with alternate, oblong, quite entire, exstipulate leaves, for the most part biglandular at the base. Racemes axillary and lateral, solitary or crowded, tomentose. Flowers small, furnished with 1 bractea each. This genus is hardly distinct from Amygdalus. 1 P. ARBOREA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1105.). Ij . S. Native of Java, in mountain woods. Tree Polydontia. Tree 30 to 50 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit this tree ; and ripened cuttings will strike root, if planted in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat. LXXXI. SPIR^A^CE^ (plants agreeing with Siwa;\i in important characters). Ulm^riae, Vent. t. 3. p. 351. — Rosacea;, Tribe III. Spiraeaceae, D. C. prod. 2. p. 541. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 65. a. f. 66. a. f. 67. a.), imbricate in aesti- vation, with a disk either lining the tube (f. 67. 6.), or surround- ing the orifice, the fifth lobe next the axis. Petals 5 (f. 65. 6. f. 66. 6. f. 67. c), perigynous, equal. Stamens from 20-50, arising from the calyx or the disk, with the petals curved in- wards in Eestivation ; anthers innate, 2-celled, bursting length- wise. Ovaries superior, several together (f. 65. rf.), free from the calyx. Follicles or carpels several (f. 65. d.), distinct, dis- posed in a whorl, around an imaginary axis of the flower, usually 5 (f. 65. rf.) in nuiTiber, but sometimes fewer from abortion, apiculate by the styles, they at length become capsidar, and open SPIRiEACEjE. I. PuRsiiiA. II. Kerria. III. Spir^a. 517 inwardly, somewhat 2-valvcd. Seeds 2-4, rarely solitary from abortion, rising from the mar^rin of the inner suture, at the mid- dle or near the base, suspended, without aril and without albu- men. Embryo straight, inverted in Spira'a, but probably erect in the other genera. Cotyledons flat, thickish. This order is composed of shrubs or herbs, with simple, trifoliate, or pin- nate leaves. The roots of all the plants contained in it are so astringent as to be sometimes used for tanning. The Gillenia tnfvlitila is remarkable in having, in addition to its as- tringency, an emetic property, on which account it is employed in North America as Ipecacuanha. It is said a similar power exists in other plants of this order. This order is distinguished from ChrysohalanecB by the numerous follicular dehiscent carpels, and from Rosacece in the carpels, and in the styles being terminal, not lateral, as in that order. Synopsis of the genera. 1 Pu'rsiiia. Lobes of calyx all obtuse. Stamens about 25, rising from the calyx. Carpels 1-2, ovate, oblong, containing 1 seed, which is inserted at the base of the carpel. Leaves cuneated, deeply toothed at the apex. 2 Ke'rria. Lobes of calyx 5, 3 of which are obtuse, and the other 2 mucronate. Stamens about 20, arising from the calyx. Carpels 5-8, globose, containing 1 seed each, which adheres to the side. 3 Spir.e~a. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 65. a. f. 66. a.). Stamens SO- SO, inserted with the petals in the torus, which adheres to the calyx. Carpels 2-5 (f. 65. d.), rarely solitary, free, rarely joined, containing 2-6 seeds in each, fixed to the inner suture. 4 Gille'nia. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 67. a.). Petals linear, con- tracted at the base (f. 67. c), rising from the top of the tube. Stamens 10-15, inclosed (f. 67. 6.). Carpels 5, some- what connate into a 5-celled fruit ; cells 2-seeded. •f A genus doubtful whether it belongs to the present order. 5 Adenile'ma. Calyx glandular, 5-cleft. Stamens numer- ous, inserted with the petals in the calyx. Ovary simple. Style 1. Capsule inclosed in the calyx, 1 -celled, dehiscent, many- seeded. Seeds albuminous. I. PU'RSHIA (in honour of Frederick Pursh, author of Flora Americae Septentrionalis, 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1817). D. C. in Lin. trans. 12. p. 15-i. prod. 2. p. 511. — Tigarea, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 33. t. 15. but not of Aublet. Lin. SYST. Icosdndria, Monn-Digynia. Calyx 5-cleft; lobes ovate, obtuse. Petals 5, obovate. Stamens about 25, rising with the petals from the calyx. Carpels 1-2, ovate-oblong, pu- bescent, tapering into the style at the apex, at length opening by a longitudinal cliink. Seed 1, inserted in the base of the carpel. — A much-branched shrub, with scaly buds. Leaves crowded, wedge-shaped, deeply 3-toothed at the apex, smoothish above, but clothed with hoary tomentum beneath. Stipulas very small. Flowers yellow. 1 P. tridenta'ta (D. C. 1. c). Tj . H. Native of North America, on the banks of the Columbia river, and in the prairies of the Rocky Mountains, &c. Hook. fl. bor. amer. t. 8. Tigarea tridentata, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 33. Tridentale-\eii\cd Purshia. Clt. 1826. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. Cult. A dry ligiit sandy soil will answer this shrub best. Cuttings may be rooted under a hand-glass, but the shrub is easier increased by seeds. II. KE'RRIA (in honour of — Kerr, sometime superinten- dant of the botanic garden in Ceylon). D. C. in Lin. trans. 12. p. 15G. prod. 2. p. 541. Lin. SYST. Icosdndria, Pcntagynia. Calyx 5-cleft ; lobes ovate, 3 of which arc obtuse, and the other 2 callosely mucronate at the apex, imbricate in aestivation. Petals 5, orbicular. Sta- mens about 20, arising from the calyx with tlie petals, exserted. Carpels 5-8, globose, free, glabrous, each ending in a filiform style. Seed solitary in the carpels, adhering laterally. — An evergreen shrub, with smooth green bark, twiggy branches, ovate-lanceolate, coarsely and unequally serrated, feather-nerved, conduplicate leaves, linear-subulate stipulas, and large yellow flowers, which are usually double in the gardens. 1 K. Japonica (D. C. 1. c). ^i . H. Native of Japan. Ru- bus Japonicus, Lin. mant. 245. Corchorus Japonicus, Tliunb. fl. jap. p. 227. Andr. hot. rep. 587. Sims, hot. mag. 1296. Spi- rse'a Japonica, Cambess. ann. se. nat. 1. p. 389. Flowers yellow. The single-flowered Kerria has not yet been introduced to the gardens, but the double-flowering variety is very common. Japan Kerria. Fl. all the year. Clt. 1 700. Sh. 4 to 10 ft. Cult. Kerria is an elegant shrub when in blossom, being clothed with double yellow flowers all the summer. It is hardy enough to stand the winter in the open air, if planted against a south wall. Cuttings, taken oflf at a joint when in a young state, root readily, if planted under a hand-glass. III. SPIR.lil'A (said to be from uireipau, speirao, to become spiral ; in allusion to the fitness of the plants to be twisted into garlands). Lin. gen. 630. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. .337. t. 69. D. C. prod. 2. p. 511. — Spirae'a, Ulmaria, and Filipendula, Tourn. inst. — Spiras'a species, Cambessedes, mon. spir. in ann. sc. nat. 1. p. 227. Lin. SYST. leosdndria, Di-Pentagynia. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 65. a. f. 66. «.), permanent. Stamens 10-50, inserted in tlie torus, lining the calyx along with the petals. Carpels solitary, or several together (f. 65. d.), rarely connected at the base, ending in short points, sessile, rarely stipitate. Seeds 2-6, fixed to the inner suture of the carpel. Embryo inverted. Cotyledons thickish. — Unarmed shrubs or perennial herbs, with alternate branches. Leaves usually simple, but sometimes pinnately cut, as in Sec- tion Ulmaria, having pinnate or palmately ternate nerves. Flowers white or reddish, never yellow. Sect. I. Physoca'rpos {fvaa, physa, a bladder, and capTroc, karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the bladdery carpels). Cambess. in ann. sc. nat. 1. p. 385. D. C. prod. 2. p. 542. Ovaries connected at the base. Torus lining the calycine tube. Carpels bladdery, rather membranous. Ovula 2-3, fixed to the semi- niferous margin of the carpel, ovoid, at first horizontal, but at length suspended. Flowers hermaphrodite, disposed inuml)els; pedicels 1 -flowered. Leaves toothed or somewhat lobed, usually stipulate. 1 S. OPULIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 702.) leaves cordate, 3-lobed, bi- serrated, stalked ; corymbs pedunculate, hemispherical ; flowers numerous; pedicels slender, glabrous ; sepals spreading ; carpels large, diverging ; seeds ol)ovate, shining, yellow. I; . II. Na- tive of North America, from Canada to Carolina, on the moun- tains. Cambess. in aim. sc. nat. 1. p. 386. Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. 6. p. 61. t. 14.— Comm. hort. 1. p. 169. t. 87. Flowers white. Carpels 3. Var. li, tomenlclla (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 542.) peduncles and calyxes tomentose. Native at the grand rapids of the Colum- bia river. 518 SPIR^ACE^. Ill, Spir;ea. Guelder-rose-leaved S^h-xa. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1690. Sli. 5 to 6 feet. 2 S. mono'gyna (Torrey, in ann. lye. 2. p. 194.) leaves broad- ovate, slightly 3-lobed, deeply serrated, glabrous ; corymbs um- bellate ; flowers monogynous ; lobes of calyx erectly spreading ; ovaries villous. fj . H. Native of North America, on the Rocky Mountains. Flowers white. Carpel solitary. Monogynous Spiraea. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 3 S. CAPITA TA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 342,) leaves ovate, a little lobed, doubly serrated, tomentose, and reticulated beneath ; corymbs terminal, crowded, somewhat capitate, on long pedun- cles. ^ . H. Native of North America, on the eastern coast, and at the river Columbia. Cambess. 1. c. 1. p. 365. Flowers white. Carpels 2. Said by Hooker to be a variety of iS'. opuUJolia. C«^«'/a\rxa. Fl. ]\Liy, June. Clt. 1774. .Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 31 S. Magella'nica (Poir. diet. 7. p. 350.) leaves pctiolate, lanceolate, unequally serrated, nerved ; racemes terminal, almost simple. T; . H. Native of the Straits of Magellan. Flowers white. Magellan Spiraea. Shrub. 32 S. Japonica (Siebold, ex Blum, bijdr. 1114.) leaves rhomboid-lanceolate, acutish, deeply serrated from the middle to the apex, smooth, grey beneath ; corymbs terminal, simple, and are as well as the calyxes glabrous. I^ . G. Native of Japan. Said to be like S. Magellamca. Japan Spiraea. Shrub. 33 S. SALiciFOLiA (Lin. spec. 700.) stem and peduncles gla- brous ; leaves lanceolate, gla- brous, somewhat doubly serrated ; racemes rather spicate ; calycine lobes triangular, spreading ; car- pels 5, glabrous. Ij . H. Native of Siberia, Tartary, Bohemia, and Silesia. It is to be foimd in Eng- land, although perhaps not truly indigenous ; in many parts of Westmoreland ; in many places on the borders of Winandermere, and also between Poolbridge and Colthouse, near Hakshead, Cum- berland, and in a wood at Hafod, Cardin-anshire. Smith, engl. bot. 1468. Gmel. fl. sib. 3. t. 49. Pall. fl. ross. 1. p. 36. t. 21- Duham. arb. 2. t. 75. Flowers red or rose-coloured, disposed in thyrsoid racemes. Ifillon-leaved Spiraea. Fl. Ju. Aug. Brit. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 34 S. alpe'stris (Pall. fl. ross. 1. p. 56, t. 22.) leaves lan- ceolate, acute, deeply serrated almost to the base, canescent ; racemes loose, thyrsoid. 1;. H. Native of Siberia, on rocks about the rivers Oliy and Yenessee. Amman, ruth. 188. t. 28. Flowers pale red. FIG. 65. 520 SPIRiEACE^. III. Spir^a. Alp Spirasa. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1800. Sh. 2 to 3 feet. 35 S. panicula'ta (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1055.) leaves lanceo- late, acute, sharply serrated ; racemes panicled, divaricate ; bark of branches red. Ij . H. Native of North America, Canada, and Newfoundland. S. alba, Ehrli. beitr. 7. p. 137. S.salicifolia, var. y, paniculata, D. C. prod. 2. p. 544. — Mill, fig. 171. t. 257. f. 2. Flowers white, disposed in terminal thyr- soid panicles. Panicled Spiraea. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1663. Sh. 4 to 5 ft. 36 S. TOMENTOSA (Lin. spec. p. 701.) stem and peduncles clothed with rufous tomentum ; leaves ovate, somewhat doubly serrated, densely clothed with tomentum beneath ; calycine lobes toraentoseon the outside, triangular, deflexed ; carpels 5, tomen- tose, divaricate. Tj . H. Native of Canada, and in many places of North-west America on mountains. Camb. 1. c. p. 373. — Mill. fig. 257. f. 1. Schmidt, arb. 1. t. 51.— Pluk. phyt. t.321. f. 5. Flowers small, of a beautiful red colour, disposed in dense compound, terminal racemes. Tomentose ^Yt'wxa. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1736. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 37 S. Menzie'sii (Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 173.) branches pubescent at the apex, as well as the peduncles and calyxes ; sepals reflexed ; leaves elliptic, coarsely and unequally serrated towards the apex, glabrous, the same colour on both surfaces ; panicle crowded with flowers, oblong, obtuse ; flowers small, stamens twice the length of the corolla ; ovaries 5, glabrous. Tq . H. Native of North America, on the west coast. Flowers rose-coloured. Menzies's Spiraea. Shrub. 38 S. Dougla'sii (Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 172.) branches and peduncles pubescent ; leaves elliptic, coarsely and unequally serrated towards the apex, clothed with hoary tomentum be- neath ; panicle crowded with flowers, oblong, obtuse ; flowers small ; stamens twice the length of the corolla ; calycine lobes triangular, reflexed ; carpels 5, glabrous, shining. Tn . H. Na- tive of the north-west coast of America, about the Columbia and the Straits of Fuca. Douglas's Spiraea. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 39 S. cARPiNiFOLiA (WiUd. enum. p. 540. Wats. dend. brit. t. 66.) leaves ovate-elliptic, acute at both ends, glabrous, coarsely serrated; racemes divaricate, panicled. Jj . H. Native of North America. Spirse'a salicif olia ^, latifolia, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1056. S. obov^ta, Rafin. but notof Walds. et Kit. Flowers white. Hornbeam-leaved Spirsea. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. ? Sh. 3 to 6 ft. 40 S. ARL-EFOLiA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. vol. 33.) leaves ellip- tic-oblong, toothed, pale, somewhat lobed, villous beneath ; panicle large, branched, villous ; pedicels bracteate ; lobes of calyx acute, spreading ; carpels 5, compressed, hairy. ^. H. Native of North America, principally on the north-west coast. Flowers rose-coloured. Aria-leaved Spiraja. Shrub. 41 S. CALLOSA (Thunb. fl. jap. 209.) leaves lanceolate, acutely serrated, tapering to both ends, glaucous, smoothish beneath ; corymbs terminal, compound, fastigiate, and are as well as the calyxes villous ; stem and peduncles villous. fj . G. Native of Japan and Nepaul. S. expansa, Wall. Differs from S. sali- cif olia, in the leaves being stalked. Flowers red. Ca//o«*-leaved Spirsea. Shrub 4 feet. 42 S. c(erule'scens (Poir. diet. 7. p. 350.) leaves almost sessile, lanceolate-oblong, entire, bluish ; panicles axillary, branched ; sepals obtuse, shorter than the corolla. Tj . G. Native of India. Cambess. 1. c. p. 374. Flowers white. BluishAeaxeA Spiraea. Shrub. 43 S. DISCOLOR (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 342.) leaves ovate, lobed ; lobules toothed, and somewhat plicate, clothed with white tomentum beneath ; panicle pedunculate, much branched, (j . H. Native of North America, on the banks of the river Koos- koosky. Discoloured-\ea\eA. Spiraea. Shrub. Sect. IV. Sorba'ria (so named from the leaves being pin- nate, resembling those of the mountain ash, Sorbus). Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 545. — Spirae'a, spec. Lin. Camb. I.e. 1. p. 375. Ovaries 5, joined. Torus wholly lining the tube of the calyx. Flowers hermaphrodite, disposed in thyrsoid panicles. 44 S. sorbifolia (Lin. spec. 702.) leaves pinnate ; leaflets sessile, lanceolate, opposite, doubly and sharply serrated ; pani- cles thyrsoid. fj . H. Native of Siberia, in bogs. Pall. fl. ross. 1. t. 88. t. 24. — Gmel. fl. sib. 3. p. 190. t. 46. Flowers white, sweet scented. The hollow shoots are used for tobacco- pipes in Siberia. S. pinnkta, Moench. meth. 663. Sorbus-leaved &^\rsea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 45 S. Palla'sh ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets sessile, ovate-lan- ceolate, deeply serrated, almost pinnatifid, opposite ; flowers corymbous. )j . S. Native of Siberia, on the high mountains about Lake Baikle. S. sorbifolia, var. ft, alpina, Pall. fl. ross. 1. p. 34. t. 25. Flowers white, larger than those of the preced- ing species. Pa/Zai's Spiraea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.? Shrub. Sect. V. Aru'ncus (from upoyyoc, aroggos, a goat's beard). Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 545. Spir^'a species, Cambess. 1. c. 1. p. 376. Carpels 5, free, pendulous. Torus very thick, free at the apex. — Herbs, with tripinnate leaves, without stipulas, and dioecious flowers. 46 S. aru'ncus (Lin. spec. p. 702.) leaflets acuminated, ter- minal ones ovate, lateral ones oblong ; flowers very numerous ; carpels glabrous. 1/ . H. Native of Europe, in woods, as in Germany, Carniola, Piedmont, Siberia, Kamtschatka, &c. Camb. 1." c. p. 376. Pall. fl. ross. 1. p. 39. t. 26.— Cam. hort. 26. t. 9. Flowers white, disposed in long spikes, forming a terminal panicle. Far. ft, Americana (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 294.) leaves more shining ; flowers more loose on the spikes. Tf.. H. Na- tive of North America. Goat's-beard Spiraea. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1633. PI. 4 to 6 ft. Sect. VI. Ulma'ria (from ulmus, the elm ; form of leaflets of most of the species). Cambess. I.e. 1. p. 378. — Ulmaria, Moench. meth. p. 663. Torus obsolete. Style clavate, retro- flexed. Ovida 2, about the middle of each ovary, fixed to the suture, and pendulous. Carpels hardly double the size of the ovaries, erect, rarely twisted. — Herbs with pinnate, stipidate leaves and cymose umbels of hermaphrodite flowers. 47 S. Ulma'ria (Lin. spec. 702.) leaves interruptedly pin- nate, white from tomentum beneath ; leaflets coarsely serrated, terminal one the largest and 3-lobed ; sepals reflexed ; styles elongated ; carpels glabrous, twisted. % . H. Native of Europe and Siberia, in meadows and bogs ; plentiful in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. 960. Curt. fl. lond. 5. t. 33. Ulmaria palustris, Moench. meth. 663. Stem and peduncles puberulous. Stipulas roundish, joined to the petiole. Flowers white, in large com- pound cymes. The Meadow-sKcet abounds in moist meadows, about the banks of rivers, brooks, and ditches, perfuming the air with the sweet hawthorn-like scent of its numerous blossoms, from June to August. The green parts of the herb partake of a similar aromatic flavour when rubbed or chewed. The flowers, infused in boiling water give it a very fine flavour, which rises in distillation. The leaves and tops have been used in medicine. Var. CI, variegata ; leaves variegated with white or yellow. Var. ft, imiltijilex ; flowers double. Cultivated in gardens. SPIR^ACE^. III. SriR^A. IV. Gillenia. 521 Meadow-sweet. Fl. June, Aug. Britain. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 49 S. denuda'ta (Presl. fl. cecli. 101.) leaves interruptedly- pinnate, green, and glabrous on both surfaces ; leaflets coarsely serrated, terminal one the largest and 3-lobcd ; sepals reflexed ; carpels glabrous, twisted. X- '!• Native of Sicily and the south of Europe. S. ulmarioides, Bory, voy. sout. p. 12t. S. uliiiaria/5, denud^ta, Cambess. 1. c. p. 380. Stem and pedun- cles smootliish. Flowers white, sweet scented, disposed in compound cymes. iVaAerf-leaved Meadow-sweet. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.? PI. 2 to 3 feet. 50 S. loba'ta (Murr. syst. ed. 14. p. 472.) leaves palmately pinnate, glabrous beneath ; lower leaves palmately bipinnate ; stipulas reniform ; styles short ; sepals reflexed ; carpels gla- brous, parallel, not curved. %.. H. Native of North Ame- S. palmilta, Lin. fil. FIG. CC. Fl.June, Aug. Clt. 1823. ross. 1. p. 41. t. 28.) leaves nca. Jacq. hort. vind. 1. p. 38. but not of Thunb. nor Pall. Leaf- lets lobed, terminal ones 5-lobed, lateral ones 3-lobed. Flowers red, disposed in compound cymes. Zo6erf-leaved Meadow-sweet. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1765. PI. 2 feet. 51 S. palma'ta (Thunb. fl. jap. 212. but not of Lin. nor Pall.) leaves 5-7-lobed ; lobes oblong, acuminated, acutely and doubly serrated. 1/ . H. Native of Ja- pan. Cambess. 1. c. p. 384. Flowers white or red. Panicle cymose, decompound. It comes nearest to S. opulifoUa, according to Tliunberg. P«/»iaendula or Dropwort. Flowers white inside and red on the outside, sweet-scented, disposed in loose terminal corymbs. The whole herb is astringent, and was formerly used in medi- cine, but it is now altogether neglected. Far. a, vulgaris (Cambess. 1. c. p. 379.) stems tall, and are as well as the leaves glabrous ; leaves with scabrous margins ; teeth usually piliferous at the apex. Far. /3, multiplex (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 546.) flowers double. Cultivated in gardens. Far. y, minor (Cambess. 1. c. p. 380.) stem humble ; leaves much smaller. Far, c, pubescens (Cambess. 1. c. p. 379.) leaves clothed with hairy pubescence. %. II. Native of Provence, about Fon- chateau. S. pubescens, D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 516. Dropnort. Fl. June, Oct. Britain. PI. 1 to l| foot. Cult. The hardy shrubby species of Spirie'a are very pretty when in flower, and are therefore well adapted for shrubberies ; they thrive well in any soil, and are easily increased by cuttings or layers. The greenhouse species are also of easy cultivation. The hardy herbaceous kinds will grow in any kind of soil, but prefer a moist situation ; they are well fitted for flower borders, and are increased by dividing the plants at the root. IV. GILLE'NIA (probably from Gillen, the name of some obscure botanist). Moench. suppl. 286. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 307. D. C. prod. 2. p. 546. — Spirae'a species of Lin. Cam- bess. and others. Lin. syst. Icosandria, Pentagynia. Calyx tubularly cam- panulate, 5-cleft. Petals 5, linear-lanceolate (f. 67. c), con- tracted near the claws, rather unequal, rising from the top of the calycine tube. Stamens 10-15, inclosed (f. 67. b.). Car- pels 5, terminated by a filiform erect style (f. 67. i/b«a/e Gillenia. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1713. PI. I ^ foot- 2 G.stipulacea (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 307.) stipul.as folia- ceous, ovate, deeply cut. %. H. Native of North America, in humid woods from Tennessee to Kentucky. Spira;"a stipu- 3X FIG. 67. 522 SPIR^ACEiE. V. Adenilema. QUILLAJEjE. I. Kageneckia. II. Quillaja. lata, Willd. enum. 542. Pursli, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 343. Bart, med. bot. p. 71. t. 6. Cambess. I.e. t. 28. Radical leaves pinnatifid. Flowers from white to rose colour. Stqmlaceous Gillenia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1805. PI. 1 to 1^ ft. Cult. The species of Glllinia are elegant plants, and there- fore are worth cultivating in every collection of hardy herba- ceous plants. They grow best in a peat border, and are readily increased by dividing the plants at the root, in spring. f A genus doubtful whether it belongs to the present order. V. ADENILE'MA (from ah^y, uden, a gland, and i\»;/ji, hilemi, to be near; glands on calyx). Blum, bijdr. 1120. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate, 5- cleft, clothed with glandular pili on the outside. Petals 5, small, inserted in the calyx. Stamens numerous, inserted with the petals. Ovary 1. Style 1, crowned by a subpeltate stigma. Capsule inclosed in the calyx, beaked by the permanent style, 1 -celled, opening at the side, containing 8-12 seeds, which are 1-ribbed, and fixed in a twin order on the sides of the opening suture. Spermaderm testaceous. Embryo albuminous, with leafy cotyledons and a short centripetal radicle. — A sarmentose, unarmed shrub, with the hahh of Riibus, with alternate, cordate, acuminated, 3-lobed, deeply serrated, bistipulate leaves. Flowers unibracteate, disposed in terminal racemose panicles. This genus apparently approaches the Ne'illia, 1 A. fa'llax (Blum. I.e. 1121.). Ij . S, Native of Java, on mount Gede. Fallaceous Adenilema. Shrub rambling. Cult. For culture and propagation, see Kageneckia. Order LXXXII. QUILLA^JE^E (plants agreeing with Quillaja in important characters). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. for Jan. 1831. Calyx 5-cleft (f 68. a.), valvate in aestivation (f. 68. d.). Petals 5 (f. 68. 6.), alternating with the calycine segments, but sometimes wanting. Stamens definite in number from 10-15, inserted in the calyx ; anthers bilocular. Ovaries 5 (f. 68. e.), connate at the base, 1 -celled, containing numerous erect ovula. Styles 5 (f. 68./.). Stigmas unilateral, papillous. Follicles 5 (f. 68. c), disposed in a circle, connate at the base. Seeds dis- posed in 2 rows, inserted on the inner suture of the follicles, ascending, winged at the apex, with the umbilicus at the base ; th.e testa simple and membranous. Albumen wanting. Embryo erect, with foliaceous convolute cotyledons, and a terete radicle, which is shorter than the cotyledons, pointing to the umbilicus. — South American trees, with alternate undivided leaves, small caducous stipulas, and terminal dioecious flowers. This order differs essentially both from Rosaeet£ and Spirceacece in the erect ovula, and from the latter also in the valvular estivation of the calyx. The habit of the plants composing this order is like- wise abundantly different. Synopsis of the genera. 1 Kagene'ckia. Calyx saucer-shaped, furnished with a ring a little elevated on the inside, girding the ovaries. Petals want- ing ? Stamens 15, 5 of which alternate with the lobes of the calyx, the rest by pairs opposite the lobes. 2 Quilla'ja. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 68. a.). Disk 5-lobe;l (f. 68. c), stellate, fleshy. Petals 5 (f. 68. b.), spatulate, unguicu- late. Stamens 10, disposed in 2 series, 5 of which are inserted in the middle of the calycine lobes, and the other 5 in the throat of the calyx. 3 VAUQUEtfNiA. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5. Stamens 15- 20, e.xserted with the petals from the throat of the calyx. 4 Lindle'ya. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5. Stamens 15-20, in- serted in the disk in the throat of the calyx. Carpels 5, connate their whole length. Styles 5, concrete. I. KAGENE'CKIA (the authors of the Flora Peruviana have dedicated this genus to Frederick de Kageneck, ambassador from the king of Holland to the king of Spain). Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. prod. t. 37. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 236. D. C. prod. 2. p. 547. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. Jan. 1831. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx saucer-shaped, 10-ribbed on the outside, permanent; limb 5-cleft, furnished on the inside with an elevated hardly membranous ring girding the ovaries ; lobes recurved, acuminated or obtuse. Petals want- ing ? or 5, orbicular? Stamens 15, 5 of which alternate with the calycine lobes ; the rest by pairs opposite the calycine lobes ; filaments dilated at the base. Anthers cordate, oblong. Stigmas with cucidlate disks. Carpels 5, follicular. — Trees, with dotless, glandularly serrulated leaves. Stipulas small, gland-formed. Flowers terminal, polygamous. 1 K. OBLONGA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. syst. 1. p. 289.) leaves oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, serrulated ; glands of teeth decidu- ous ; flowers solitary. h . G. Native of Chili, on mountains about Conception. Lydse'a Lyday, Mol. chil. ed. 2. p. 300. In its native country it is commonly called guayo Colorado, but ac- cording to Molino, Lyday. The wood is used to build houses in Chili. The leaves being very bitter are used by the inhabitants of Chili to cure intermittent fevers, as also those of the follow- ing species. Oblong-leaxeA Kageneckia. Fl. Aug. Dec. Tree 30 feet. 2 K. lanceola'ta (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. syst. p. 2G0. gen. p. 145. t. 37.) leaves lanceolate or obovate, membranous, serrulat- ed ; glands of teeth permanent ; flowers corymbose. Ij . G. Native of Peru, on hills in the province of Canta. Z.a»ceo/a/c'-leaved Kageneckia. Fl. Nov. Dec. Tree 20 ft. 3 K. GLUTiNosA (H.B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 237.) leaves oblong and oblong-lanceolate, acute, narrow at the base, sharply crenately serrated ; branches clammy. Jj . G. Native of South America, on the Andes in the province of Jaen de Bra- camoros. C/fn»Hi//-branched Kageneckia. Tree 12 to 20 feet. Cult. These trees will grow well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and ripened cuttings will probably root if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them in a little bot- tom heat. II. QUILLA'JA {Quillai or Cullay is the name of Q. sapo- ndria in Chili). Mol. Juss. gen. 444. Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 236. in a note. D. C. prod. 2. p. 547. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. Jan. 1831. Smegmadermos, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. prod. 2. t. 31. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-cleft (f 68. a.) ; segments ovate, bluntish, thick, tonientose, with truncate mar- gins. Disk concrete, with the calyx 5-lobed (f. 68. c), stellate, fleshy, smooth, nectariferous ; lobes elevated from the calyx, roundish, emarginate. Petals 5 (f. 68. 6.), spatulate, unguicu- late, alternating with the segments of the calyx. Stamens 10 (f. 68.), disposed in a double order, 5 of which are inserted in the middle of the calycine lobes, rising from the notches of the lobes of the disk (f. 68. a.), the other 5 inserted in the throat of the calyx, and opposite the petals (f 68. 6.); filaments subulate. Carpels 5 (f. 68. e.), connate, spreading. Styles 5 (f. 68. /.), QUILLAJE/E. II. QuiLLAjA. III. VAuauELiNiA. IV. Lindleya. ROSACEiE. 523 FIG. 68. terminal, permanent. .Stigmas unilateral. — Evergreen trees, with undivided leaves. Stipulas 2, petiolar, caducous. Flowers corymbose, polygamous. 1 Q. sapona'ria (Mol. cliil. p. 182. ed. 2. p. 298.) leaves oval, for the most part toothed. Jj . G. Native of Chili, very plentiful in the woods of the provinces of Rirc d Richacay. Q. Molhi.-c, D. C. prod. 2. p. 517. Q. Smcgmadermos, D. C. prod. 2. p. 5i7. Smegmadermos emar- gin^tus, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. syst. 1. p. 288. Smcgmiria emar- giniita, Willd. spec. 4. p. 1123. In Chili the bark is used as a sub- stitute for soap. Soaj) Quillaja. Fl. Dec. Feb. Tree GO feet. 2 Q. lanceola'ta (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. Jan. 1831.) leaves lanceolate, acute, entire, f; . S. Native of Brazil, (f. 08.) Lanceolate - leaved Quillaja. Tree. Cult. See Kagenech'ia for cul- ture and propagation, p. 522. III. VAUQUELrNIA (in honour of M. Vauquelin, the ce- lebrated French chemist, whose discoveries have been extended to the vegetable kingdom). Corr. in Humb. et Bonpl. pi. aequin. 1. p. 140. t. 40. D. C. prod. 2. p. 547. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Pcntagynia. Calyx 5-cleft, perma- nent. Petals 5, permanent. Stamens 15-20, permanent, ex- serted with the petals from the calyx. Anthers oblong. Carpels 5, joined into a 5-celled, 5-styled ovarium. Styles 5. Stigmas capitate. Capsule ovate, 5-celled ; cells 2-valved, dehiscent, 2- seeded. Seeds ending in a membranous wing, as in the rest of the genera, erect. — A tree, with alternate, lanceolate, unequally toothed, exstipulate ? leaves, and terminal corymbs of white flowers. Flowers probably dioecious. 1 V. corymbosa (Corr. 1. c.) V^ • S. Native of Mexico, in temperate parts near Actopan. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. araer. 6. p. 238. CorymJose-flowered Vauquelinia. Tree 50 feet. Cult. See Kageneckia for culture and propagation, p. 522. IV. LINDLEYA (in honour of John Lindley, F.R.S. F.L.S. professor of botany in the London university). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 239. D. C. prod. 2. p. 548. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Pcntagynia. Calyx 5-cleft, permanent. Petals 5. Stamens 15-20, inserted in the disk in the throat of the calyx. Anthers lanceolate, uncinately reflexed at the base. Carpels 5, connected into a 5-celled, 5-styled ovarium, contain- ing 2 pendulous ? ovula each. Capsule 5-celled, propped by the calyx, woody, 5-angled. Seeds with winged margins. — A smooth tree, with scattered simple crenulated bistipulate leaves, and axillary solitary white bracteate flowers. This genus ap- proaches very near Vauquelinia. 1 L. MEspitoi'DEs (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 239. t. 562.) ^ . S. Native of Mexico, very common about the village of Magdalena. Habit of Ptjrus malus, or the apple- tree. Mcspilus-like Lindleya. Tree 20 to 30 feet. Cult. See Kageneckia for culture and propagation, p. 522. Order LXXXIII. ROSA'CE.^ (plants agreeing with Rosa in important characters). Juss. gen. 334. part. Calyx 4-5-lobed, valvate in aestivation, with the disk sur- rounding the orifice (f. 74. g. f. 75. e.), having the fifth lobe next the axis. Petals 5 (f. 71. h. f. 72. b. f. 75. c, &c.), peri- gynous, equal. Stamens indefinite (f. 69. c. f. 71. c), arising from the calyx, just within the petals ; they are curved inwards in ffistivation ; anthers innate, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise. Ovaries superior (f. 71. (/.), several, 1-cellcd, 1-seeded. Ovula usually suspended, rarely erect. Styles lateral, near the apex of the ovaries. Stigmas simple and emarginate on one side. Fruit either 1-seeded nuts or akenia (f. 71. d. f. 72. c). Seeds erect or inverted. Embryo straight, with a taper short radicle, point- ing to the hylum, and flat cotyledons. Albumen wanting. — This order is composed of herbaceous plants or shrubs, but never trees. Leaves simple or compound, with 2 stipulas at the base. Rosdccce vare distinguished from Pomacece by their superior fruit, and usually suspended seeds ; from Leguminosce hy their regular petals and stamens, and especially by the odd segment of the 5-lobed calyx of that order, which is anterior, not posterior, as in Rosacece ; from Chrysohalanea; in their styles proceeding from the side of the ovarium near the apex, and not from the base, as in that order, by their more regular petals and stamens, and by their fruit not being a drupe ; Amygdalacca- differ from Rosacece by their terminal styles, drupaceous fruit, and presence ofprussic-acid, along with the formation of gum; Sanguisorbece differ from RosacecB in their apetalous flowers and definite sta- mens, alternating with the segments of the calyx ; Spirceaceee and Quillajece differ from Rosacece by their follicular fruit, and in the Eestivation of the calyx. Rosaceous plants are always wholesome ; they are chiefly re- markable from the presence of an astringent principle, which has caused several of them to be reckoned febrifugal. The root of Tormentilla ripens is used for tanning in the Fcroe Islands ; Potentilla anserina has been used by tanners ; Potenlilla ripens as a febrifuge. Ghim urbanum and rivale have been compared for efficacy to Cinchona. The fruit of many species of Fragaria or strawberry, and Rubus or raspberry and cloudberry, are valuable articles for the dessert. The leaves of Rubus drcticus and Rosa rubiginbsa have been employed as a substitute for tea. Agrimonia eupatoria yields a decoction useful as a gargle. The root of Rubus villosus is a popular astringent in North America in cholera infantum. One of the most powerful anthelmintics in the world belongs to this family, an Abyssinian plant, Brayera anthelmintica. Upon the authority of Dr. Brayer two or three doses of the infusion are sufficient to cure the most obstinate case of taenia. The various species of roses form some of the greatest beauties of the garden. The fruit of Rosa cinuna, and other allied species, is astringent, and is employed against chronic diarrhoea and other maladies. The petals of Rosa damascena yield a highly fragrant essential oil, called attar of roses ; those oi Rosa gdllica are astringent when dried with rapidity, and are sometimes found useful in cases of debility, such as leucorrhoea and diarrhoea, &c. Synopsis of the genera. Tkibe I. Dryade.e. Calyx 8-\0-cle/t {f.70. b.), rarely many parted 3x2 524 ROSACEA. I. Drvas. (f. 69. «.), valvate in cBslivation, the outer lobes accessory (f. 70. 6.), and alternating with the inner lobes. Petals 4-5, rarely more (f. 69. 6. f. 70. c). Carpels numerous (f. 70. d.), free, in- serted in a dry orjleshy polyphore, dry (f. 70. rf.) or baccate (f. 71. rf.), l-seeded. Herbs or shrubs, usually with compound leaves, ivitk 2 stipulas adnata to tlie sides of the petiole. 1 Dkv^as. Calyx 8-9-parted (f. 69. a.). Petals 8-9 (f. 69. b.). Stamens numerous (f. 69. c). Carpels dry, numerous, ending each in the feathery style (f. 69. e.). Seed ascending. 2 Ge^um. Calyx 10-cleft, the 5 outer segments accessory. Petals 5. Stamens numerous. Carpels numerous, dry, ending each in a kneed style. 3 Sieve'rsia. All as in Geum, but differs in the carpels end- ing in a feathery (f. 70. nia. Calyx 5-cleft, surrounded by a 10-12-cleft involucrum. Petals 5. Stamens 5-10. Carpels 2, with ter- minal styles. Seed pendulous. 20 Brave ra. Calyx double, both 5-cleft; lobes of the outer large and oblong, of the inner spatulate and shorter. Petals 5, small, linear. Stamens 15-20. ■ Carpels 2, ending in exserted styles. Seed pendulous. Tribe II. Neura'dejE. Calyx 5 -cleft (f. 76. 6.), rvith a short tube ad- hering to the ovary, valvate in cestivation. Petals 5. Carpels 10. connected into a lO-celled capsule (f. 76. c), which is dejiressed at the apex. Seed bony, obliquely pendulous. — A decumbent svf- fruticose herb. 21 Neura'da. Petals 5, inserted in the base of the ealycine lobes (f. 76. a.). Stamens 10. Styles 10. Tribe III. I16se;e. Tube nf calyx contracted at the mouth (f. 76. a. e.), with a 5-parted limb (f. 76. d. f. 75. b.) ; lobes somewhat spirally imbricated in cestivation, usually pinnatifd (f. 75. b. f. 76. c Sieversia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1775. 1 1. . ft. 4 S. adna'ta; stem 1 -flowered, downy ; radicle leaves long, interruptedly pinnate ; leaflets crenately lobed, villous above, and glabrous beneath, ciliated ; cauline leaves small, lower ones rather 528 ROSACEiE. III. SiEVERsiA. IV. Coluria. V. Cowania. pinnatifid, uppermost ones trifid. T^.H. Native of Gosaings- than. Geum adnatum, Wall. cat. no. 712. Like S. reptans. Adnate Sievorsia. PI. \ foot. 5 S. Rossii (R. Br. in chl. melv. p. 18. t. C.) radical leaves interruptedly pinnate, glabrous ; leaflets 3-lobed, but the acces- sory and lower ones are small and undivided ; stem 1 -flowered, usually 2-leaved ; awns of carpels naked. %.. H. Native of Melville Island. Geum Rossii, Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 553. Flowers large, yellow, distinctly veined. Ross's Sieversia. PI. \ foot. 6 S. GLAciA'tis (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 543.) whole plant densely clothed with yellowish villi ; leaves interruptedly pinnate ; leaf- lets ovate-oblong, upper and lower ones small, middle ones large and usually unidentate ; flowers large, terminal, solitary. 1/ . H. Native of Siberia, on the Alps at the mouth of the river Lena. Adamia glacialis, Fisch. ex Steud. nom. Geum glaciale, Adams, act. mosk. 5. p. 96. Flowers large, yellow. Allied to S. reptans according to Adam. % Sieversia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1819. PL ^ foot. 7 S. monta'na (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 543.) stem erect, 1-flow- ered ; stolons none ; radical leaves interruptedly pinnatifid, ter- minal leaflet ovate, large, oblong, obtuse, and bluntly biserrate, lateral leaflets smaller and toothed; cauline leaves 1-lobed, and are as well as the stipulas deeply tootiicd ; calycine segments un- divided ; petals obcordate, longer than the calyx ; styles spread- ing, very pilose. % . H. Native of the Alps of Europe, Swit- zerland, Austria, Silesia, Dauphiny, &:c. Geum montanum, Lin. spec. 717. The leaflets becoming gradually smaller from the apex. Flowers large, yellow. Jacq. austr. 4. t. 373. Sturm, deutsch. fl. fasc. 1*4. with a figure. Var. ft, mhnts (Pers. ench. 2. p. 57.) stems and leaves smaller than those of the species. 1/. H. Native on the higher Alps of Europe. G. alpinum, Mill. diet. no. 5. — Barr. icon. t. 399. il/oi«ito;n Sieversia. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1597. PI. i foot. 8 S.TRiFLORA (R. Br. in chl. melv. p. 18.) plant pilose ; stems simple, usually 3-flowered ; radical leaves interruptedly pinnate, leaflets cuneated, and deeply toothed ; petals oblong, length of the calyx ; awns of carpels long, and villous. Tf. ■ H. Na- tive of Upper Louisiana. Hook. hot. mag. t. 2858. Geum tri- florum, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 736. Leaves connate at the base. Stipulas divaricate, adnate to the petiole. Petals reddish? Three-floivercd Sieversia. Fl. June. Clt. 1826. PI. i foot. 9 S. Pe'ckii (R. Br. in chl. melv. p. 18.) plant smoothish ; stem 1-5-flowered ; radical leaves pinnate; lateral leaflets small, ovate, and toothed, terminal one reniform-cordate, lobed, large, doubly toothed ; cauline leaves almost wanting ; petals obo- vate, longer than the calyx. 1/ . H. Native of North America, on the white hills in New Hampshire. Hook. bot. mag. t. 2863. Geum Peckii, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 554. PecF* Sieversia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. | foot. 10 S. ciLiA^TA ; plant pubescent; stem simple; leaves smoothish, pinnate, with ciliated margins ; upper leaves palmate, with linear-cut leaflets; flowers corymbose. %. H. Native of North America, on the banks of the river Kooskoosky. Geum ciliatum, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 352. Flowers yellow. CiZio;/'Cinquefoil. PI. 2 inches. 15 P. hiksu'ta (Michx. fl. bor. amer. I. p. 303.) plant beset with loose hairs ; stem erect, few-flowered ; leaves ternate, pe- tiolate ; leaflets obovate, profoundly serrated ; teeth blunt ; petals shorter than the calyx. 1/ . H. Native of North Canada, from Quebec to St. Lawrence ; plains of the .Saskatchawan, ilc. Nestl. pot. p. C7. t. 9. f. 1. P. Morisoni, D. C. cat. hort.nionsp. p. 135. P. Montpeliensis, Lin. spec. 70'1'. Fragiria parviflora, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 112. Corolla yellow. Hairy Cinquefoil. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1680. PI. I to| ft. 16 P. ela'tior (Schlecht. in berl. mag. ann. 7. p. 295. Lehm. pot. p. 15 7. t. H.) stem erect, tall; leaves ternate, petiolate ; leaflets oval, acutely serrated, veiny, almost glabrous on both surfaces ; petals obovate, entire, a little longer than the calyx. 1^. H. Native of Siberia. Flowers yellow. Taller Cinquefoil. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PL 1| foot. 17 P. Vaulia'na (Lehm. pot. p. 172.) stem erect, usually l-flowered; leaves ternate ; lateral leaflets cuneiform and trifid at the apex, middle one rhomboid, all very hairy, clotlied with shining, yellowish, or white down beneath ; petals reniforni, twice the length of the calyx. If.. H. Native of Greenland and North America, on the dry and elevated ridges of the Rocky Mountains ; shores and islands of the Arctic Sea. P. hirsuta, Vahl. in litt. Horn. fl. dan. t. 1390. but not of Michx. P. Jamesoniana, Grev. in mem. soc. wern. 3. p. i\7. t. 20. Flowers yellow. VaiiVs Cinquefoil. PI. 2 to 3 inches. 18 P. subacau'lis (Lin. spec. 715.) stems prostrate, few- flowered ; radical leaves as well as those of the runners ternate, but the cauline ones are simple ; leaflets obovate-cuneated, ser- rated to the middle, densely clothed with hoary tomentum ; petals round, obcordate, about twice the length of the calyx. 1/ . H. Native of Germany, Switzerland, Vallais, Piedmont, and of Siberia. Jacq. icon. rar. vol. 3. t. 491. P. cinerea, Poir. P. glaucescens, Willd. P. verna, Kunth, fl. berol. p. 142. P. ovata, Poir. P. incana, Moench. P. arenaria, Borck. P. opaca, Vill.— All. fl. pedem. t. 24. f. 2. Gmel. sib. 3. t. &&. f. 2. Flowers yellow. Var. l3, latiloba (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 573.) leaflets broader and shorter. Native of Siberia, about Barnaoul. Almost sfemless Cinquefoil. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1820. Pl.pr. 19 P. VELUTi^NA (Lehm. pot. 170.) stem ascending, few- flowered ; leaves ternate ; leaflets cuneiform, truncate, bluntly toothed at the apex, canescent on both surfaces from fascicles or tufts of velvety hairs ; petals roundish, quite entire, a little longer than the calyx, ii. H. Native of Provence, on the mountains. P. subacaiilis, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 405. P. grandi- flora, Scop. fl. earn. 1. no. 620. t. 22. but not of Lin. P. incana. Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 112. Flowers yellow. Fetvely Cinquefoil. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 to 3 inc. 20 P. emargina'ta (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 353.) stems assurgent, few-flowered ; leaves ternate ; leaflets deeply toothed, hairy on both surfaces ; pedicels terminal, elongated ; petals oblong-cuneate, emarginate, twice the length of the calyx. "H.. H. Native of Labrador. Flowers large, yellow. Emarginate-petuWed Cinquefoil. PI. 2 inches. 21 P. denticulosa (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 573.) hairy ; stems creeping, filiform ; leaves ternate, petiolate ; leaflets broadly obovate, of the same colour on both surfaces, doubly toothed, petiolate ; stipulas denticulated ; flowers axillary, soli- tary ; petals obovate, about equal in length to the calyx. 11 . H. Native of Nipaul. Flowers yellow. Toolhletted-sui>n]i;d Cinipiefoil. PI. creeping. 22 P. Wali.iciha'na (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 574.) hairy; stem creeping, filiform ; leaves ternate ; leaflets obovate, sessile, toothed ; flowers axillary, solitary ; petals obovate, longer than the calyx. If.. II. Native of Nipaul. Flowers yellow. Wallich's Cinquefoil. PI. creeping. 23 P. mona'nthes (Lindl. in Wall. cat. no. 1025. Lehm. pug. 3. p. 33.) stem erect, 1-2-flowered; leaves ternate, rather pilose on both surfaces, and somewhat ciliated ; leaflets cunei- form, truncate, crenately toothed ; teeth roundish, obtuse ; sti- pulas short, entire ; outer calycine segments the largest, round- ish, and obtuse ; petals nearly orbicular, quite entire, length of calyx. %■ H. Native of Sirmore. Flowers small, yellow. One-florvcrcd Cintjuefoil. PI. -j to \ foot. 24 V. cunea'ta (Wall. cat. no. 1015. Lehm. pug. 3. p. 34.) stem ascending, but erect and leafless at the apex ; leaves ter- nate, on very long petioles, pilose ; leaflets obovate, rounded at the base, truncate at the apex, deeply tridentate, acute ; flowers terminal, crowded, sub-cymose. if.. H. Native of Gosains- than. Flowers yellow. Wedgc-kaved Cinquefoil. PL \ foot. 25 P. erioca'rpa (Wall. cat. no. 1012. Lehm. pug. 3. p. 35.) plant glabrous; stem ascending, simple, few-flowered, almost leafless ; leaves on long petioles, ternate ; leaflets petio- late, obovate-rhomboid, deeply 5-toothed at the apex ; outer calycine segments larger, ovate, nerved ; petals obcordate, twice the length of the calyx. 1/. H. Native of the mountains of Kamaon and Gosainsthan. Flowers large, yellow. Hairy-fruited Cinquefoil. PI. -j foot. 26 P. ARGYROPHYLLA (W.alL Cat. no. 1020. Lehm. pug. 3. p. 36.) stem erect, nearly simple ; leaves ternate, almost ses- sile, distant; leaflets oblong, serrate-toothed, densely clothed with white tomentum beneath ; teeth apiculated ; stipulas ovate- lanceolate, deeply serrated ; petals broad, obcordate, longer than the calyx. Ti.. H, Native of Gosainsthan. Flowers large, yellow. Silver-leaved Cinquefoil. PI. 1^ foot. • * Flowers rvhile or red. 27 P. catha'clines (Lehm. pug. 3. p. 37.) stems prostrate, usually l-flowered; leaves ternate, distant; leaflets roundish, deeply serrated, densely clothed with silky pili above, but with white tomentum beneath ; stipulas ovate, almost entire ; petals obcordate, longer than the calyx. If.. H. Native of Gosains- than. Flowers blood-coloured. Reclining CinquefoiL PL prostrate. 28 P. atrosangui'nea (Lodd. bot. cab. 786.) plant clothed with silky villi ; stems decumbent ; leaves ternate, petiolate ; leaflets obovate, deeply serrated, clothed with white tomentum beneath; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, entire, or bifid; petals ob- cordate, longer than the calyx. If.. H. Native of Nijiaul and Gosainsthan. Sims, bot. mag. 2689. Peduncles few, l-flowered at the tops of the branches. Corolla dark blood-coloured. iJark-bloady-fiowered Cinquefoil. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1822. PL decumbent. 29 P. micra'ntha (Ram. in D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 3760.) stems prostrate, hairy, l-flowered; leaves ternate; leaflets ovate, obtuse, serrated, unequal at the base, silky ; outer calycine seg- ments a little toothed ; petals obcordate-cuneated or nearly entire, .shorter th.in the calyx. 1/. H. Native of the Pyre- nees; of Italy, on Mount Generoso ; in Calabria, on Mount Poi- leno. Lehm. pot. 158. Ser. mus. helv 1. p. 60. t. 5. P. 552 ROSACEA. XII. POTENTILLA. fragaria />, miciantlia, Nestl. pot. 158. P. breviscapa, Vest, in flora, 1821. p. 158. Fraga sterilis /5, parviflora, Lapeyr. fl. pyr. 287. P. parviflora Clairville. Flowers small, white. Small-flowered C'm(\\\eio\\. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Pl.tr. 30 P. fraga' RiA (Poir. diet. 5. p. 599.) stems decumbent, 2-flowered ; leaves ternate ; leaflets roundisli-obovate, acutely serrated, hairy, canescent beneath ; petals obcordate, about equal in length to the calyx. 11 . H. Native of Europe, in woods ; in Britain in dry pastures. Lehm. pot. IGO. Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 59. t. 4. f. 2. Fragaria sterilis, Lin. spec. 709. Smith, engl. bot. 1785. Curt. fl. lend. t. 30. P. fragariastrum, Ehrh. beitz. Fragaria prse'cox. Kit. P. prostrata, Walt. P. fraga- rioides, Vill. Fraga sterilis, Lapeyr. fl. pyr. p. 287. Habit of the strawberry. Flowers white, spreading. Strawberry Cinquefoil. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. prost. 31 P. hy'brida (Wallr. sched. p. 247.) stems procumbent ; leaves ternate ; leaflets obovate-oblong, closely serrated beneath the apex, smoothish above, glaucescent beneath, and silky ; calycine segments ovate, acuminated, about equal in length to the petals, which are obcordate. 1/ . H. Native of Germany. Hybrid Cinquefoil. PI. pros. 32 P. sPEciosA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1110.) stems erect, sub- corymbose at the apex ; leaves ternate ; leaflets elliptic, ser- rated at the apex, pubescent above, and clothed with white to- mentum beneath ; petals spatulate, entire, a little longer than the calyx. 2/ . H. Native of Crete, on the mountains. Nestl. pot. p. 7-1. t. 11. Smith, fl. grffic. t. 484. Corolla white. Shewy Cinquefoil. Fl. June, July. PI. ^ foot. 33 P. sple'ndens (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 541.) stems decumbent, rooting ; leaves usually ternate ; leaflets oval-oblong, retuse at the apex, closely serrated in front, silky, hoary beneath ; petals obcordate, twice the length of the calyx. 1/ . H. Native of France and the Pyrenees. P. Vaillantii, Nestl. pot. p. 75. P. emargin^ta, Desf. P. nitida, Thunb. P. montana, Schrad. Brot. Fraga VailWntii, Lapeyr. fl. pyr. p. 287. — Vaill. par. t. 10. f. 1. Flowers white. Splende7}t Cinquefoil. Fl. May, June. PI. creeping. 34 P. NITIDA (Lin. spec. 714.) stems ascending, usually 1 -flow- ered; leaves ternate; leaflets obovate-cuneiform, toothed at the apex, clothed on both surfaces with silvery silky down ; pe- tals oboval, eraarginate, longer than the calyx. %. H. Native of the mountains of Dauphiny and Savoy. Lehm. pot. 187. Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 62. t. 5. f. a, b, c, d. Jacq. fl. austr. app. t. 25. Sturm, deutsch. fl. fasc. 12. with a figure. P. Terglovensis, Vittm. sunnn. 3. p. 270. — Bocc. mus. t. 9. f. 4. Flowers white or peach blossom coloured. Plant tufted. Shining Cinquefoil. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1815. PI. 2 to 3 inches. 35 P. Apennina (Tenor, cat. hort. neap. 1815. p. 50. fl. neap. 1. p. 30. t. 40.) plant shining ; stems tufted, 1-4-flovvered; leaves ternate ; leaflets oval, obtuse, somewhat 2-3-toothed at the apex, teeth connivent ; stipulas broad ; petals obovate, longer than the calyx, i;. H. Native of the Apennines. — Bocc. mus. t. 8. f. 4. Flowers white. Apennine Cinquefoil. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1821. PI. 1 to 3 inches. 36 P. BoccoNi (Nestl. pot. 73. t. 10. f. 2.) stems ascending, few-flowered ; leaves ternate ; leaflets elliptic, clothed with silky hoary down on both surfaces, retuse and closely tridentate at the apex. 1/ . H. Native of the Apennines. — Bocc. mus. t. 8. Flowers white or red. £occo?ii'j Cinquefoil. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. PI. i ft. 37 P. tride.nta'ta (Sol. in Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 216. t. 9.) root creeping ; stem ascending ; leaves ternate ; leaf- lets oblong-cuneiform, tridentate at the apex, smoothish above, but pubescent and glaucescent beneath. %. H. Native of Greenland, Labrador, Canada, and Newfoundland. Li Scotland on Werron hill near Brechin. Smith, engl. bot. 2389. Flowers corymbose, white, tinged with red. Tridentatc-\ea.\eA Cinquefoil. Fl. June, July. Scot. PI. \ ft. 38 P. BiFLORA (Lehm. pot. p. 192. t. 20.) stem erect, 2-flow- ered at the apex ; leaves ternate, finely pilose ; lateral leaflets deeply tripartite, terminal one bipartite, with the segments linear, entire, and ciliated on the margins. 1/ . H. Native of Eastern Siberia and North America, in barren grounds from lat. 64° to the shores of the Arctic sea and Kotzebue's Sound. Richards in Frankl. first journ. ed. 2. app. p. 21. Flowers white or red. Two-flowered Cinquefoil. PI. 5 foot. § 2. Leaves digitate, with usually 5-7-9 leaflets. * Flowers yellow. 39 P. UMBHosA (Stev. in Bess. cat. hort. crem. ann. 1816. p. 110. Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. 357.) stems erectish, naked from the base to the bifurcations ; radical leaves with 5-6 obovate-oblong, bluntly serrated leaflets, cauline leaves ternate ; stipulas falcate ; petals obcordate, rather longer than the calyx. "H. . H. Native of the south of Tauria, in shady places. Allied to P. reptans, but abundantly distinct. Petals of a golden yellow inside, but brownish yellow on the outside. ^S/iflc/erf Cinquefoil. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 foot. FIG. 72. 40 P. RE'pTANs(Lin. spec. 714.) stem creeping ; leaflets 5, obo- vate-cuneiform, sharply serrated, pilose ; pedicels axillary, solitary, longer than the leaves ; bracteas (f. 72. f/.) 3-lobed ; petals obcordate, longer than the calyx. %. H. Na- tive of Europe ; plentiful in Britain in hedges and by road sides, parti- cularly near London. Smith, engl. bot. 862. Fl. dan. 1164. Curt, lond. 1. t. 37. Flowers yellow. Creeping Cinquefoil. Fl. June, Sept. Britain. PI. creeping. 41 P. flagella'ris (Lehm. pot. p. 141. t. 12.) stems fili- form, prostrate ; leaflets 5, lan- ceolate, serrated, nearly glabrous ; pedicels axillary, solitary, fili- form, elongated ; petals obovate, quite entire, a little longer than the calyx. % . H. Native of Eastern Siberia. Corolla yellow. Rod CiivyxeioW. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. trailing. 42 P. SI MPLEX (Nestl. mon. p. 40. t. 9. f. 2. Lehm. pot. p. 142.) stems trailing ; leaflets 5, oblong-oval, serrated, rather pilose beneath ; pedicels axillary, solitary, length of leaves ; pe- tals roundish, hardly emarginate, a little longer than the calyx. If. . H. Native of fields and dry woods in Canada about Que- bec, Pennsylvania, and Carolina. P. sarmentosa, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 543. P. Caroliniana, Pers. ench. 2. p. 55. Flowers yellow. /S'irH^)/c-stemmed Cinquefoil. PI. trailing. 43 P. Neumayeria'na (Tratt. ros. 4. p. 75.) stems decum- bent ; radical leaves quinate, cauline ones ternate ; leaflets roundish-cuneated, deeply toothed at the apex, pubescent on both surfaces ; flowers solitary, supra-axillary, on long pedicels; petals 3 times the length of the calyx. %. H. Native of Austria. Neumaycr's Cinquefoil. PI. decumbent. 44 P. Canade'nsis (Lin. spec. 713.) stein ascending, weak ; radical leaves quinate ; leaflets sessile, obovate-cuneiform, acutely serrated above, clothed with silky white down ; petals orbicular, almost entire, length of calyx. 1/ , H. Native of Canada and ROSACEiE. XII. POTENTILLA. 553 Carolina. Nestl. pot. p. 58. t. 10. f. 1. P. pumila, Lam. P. sarmentosa, Mulil. Flowers yellow. Pedicels axillary, solitary, l-flowered, filiform, elongated. Flowers yellow. Canadian C\nqiiefo'\\. Fl. .lune, Jidy. Clt. 1800. PI. i ft. 45 P. disse'cta (Pursli, 11. amer. sept. 1. p. 355.) plant erect, branched, smoothish ; leaflets 5, pinnatiful, with the segments entire and acute ; flowers terminal, suhcorymbose. 'l^.H. Na- tive near Hudson's Bay. Flowers yellow. Dissected Cinquefoil. PI. 1 foot. 4G P. ve'rna (Lin. spec. 712.) stems declinate ; lower leaves quinate ; leaflets obovate-cuneiform, deeply serrated at the apex, pilose on the nerves, with the teeth blunt ; flowers subpani- cled ; petals obcordate, longer than the calyx. 1/. H. Native of Europe and the north of Asia, in dry places. In Britain in elevated pastures and barren hilly ground, near Kippax, York- shire; about Bury, Suffolk; Cambridgeshire; on St. Vincent's Rocks, Bristol ; and in the King's Park, Edinburgh. Smith, eng. bot. t. 37. Sturm, deutsch. fl. fasc. 17. with a figure. P. debilis, Schleich. cat. 1815. Flowers yellow. There are several slight varieties of this plant. Spring Cinquefoil. Fl. April, May. Britain. PI. declinate. 47 P. pa'tula (Waldst. et Kit. pi. hung. 2. p. 218. t. 190.) stems tufted, rather declinate, beset with adpressed pili ; radical leaves with 7-9 leaflets ; leaflets cuneiform, deeply toothed at the apex, naked above, but pilose beneath ; petals retuse, longer than the calyx. %. H. Native of the Carpathian mountains. Nestl. pot. 56. Flowers yellow. Spreading Cinquefoil. Fl. May, Jidy. Clt. 1818. PI. tufted. 48 P. opa'ca (Lin. spec. 713.) stems decumbent, filiform ; leaflets 5-7 on the lower leaves, lanceolate-cuneiform, deeply serrated, pilose on both surfaces ; petals obcordate, about equal in length to the calyx or a little longer ; stipulas entire, bifid or trifid. IJ. H. Native throughout Europe, Siberia, and of Labrador. In Scotland on the hills of Clova, Angusshire, as also in Perthshire. Jacq. icon. rar. t. 91. Smith, engl. bot. 2449. P. diibia, Siit. fl. helv. 1. p. 308. P. Galiciana, Pohl. et Bess. Flowers yellow, disposed in a leafy corymb ; pedicels filiform ; stems purplish. Opaque Cinquefoil. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. ascend- ing -J foot. 49 P. au'rea (Lin. spec. 712.) stems ascending; radical leaves quinate ; leaflets oblong-cuneiform, middle one stalked, serrate- toothed at the apex, rather silky, with silky ciliated margins ; petals obcordate, nearly twice the length of the calyx. % . H. Native of the Alps of Europe. P. Halleri, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 75. P. macidata, Gilb. — Hall. enum. t. 6. f. 4. hist. no. 1122. t. 21. f. 6. Flowers yellow. GoWfH-flowered Cinquefoil. Fl. May, June. Scotland. PI. declinate ^ foot. 50 P. alpe'stuis (Hall. fil. in Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 53. Smith, engl. fl. 2. p. 419.) stems ascending; radical leaves of 5, rarely of 7 wedge-shaped, rather hairy leaflets, deeply cut in their upper half; upper stipulas ovate ; pedicels axillary and ter- minal, long ; petals heart-shaped ; calycine segments acute. 'J/ . H. Native of Switzerland, Denmark, and Lapland. In England in the county of Durham, and on rough stony ground at Hafod, Cardiganshire. In Scotland on Ben Lawers, and other moun- tains of Breadalbane. R. Salisburgensis, Hwnke in Jacq. coll. vol. 2. p. G8. icon. rar. t. 490. P. aurea. Smith, fl. brit. 549. engl. bot. 561. Fl. dan. 114. Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 72. t. 8. P. verna ji, Wahl. fl. lapp. 1 46. P. verna y, Nestl. pot. 52. Corolla of an orange or tawny yellow-colour. Alp Cinquefoil. Fl. July. Britain. PI. -J to 1 foot. 51 P. cROcEA (Hall. fil. in Schleich. cat. 1807. p. 20.) stems ascending ; lower leaves quinate ; leaflets oblong-cuneated, bluntly rounded at the apex, rather hairy, deeply serrated at the VOL. II. top ; the teeth obtuse ; petals obcordate, twice the length of the calyx. % . II. Native of the Alps of Switzerland and Salis- burg. P. filiformis, D. C. fl. fr. 6. p. 542. P. Pyrenuica, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 539. P. heterophylla, Nestl. pot. 56. P. verna, Wahl. P. adscendens, Lapeyr. P. rotundifolia, Vill. P. Sabai'ida, D. C. fl. fr. 4 and 5. no. 3738. P. riibens, Horn. Iiort. hafn. 2. p. 447. Corolla large, cojjper-coloured. C'o^jper-coloured-flowcrcd Cinquefoil. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1816. PI. ascending J foot. 52 P. GERANioiDES (Willd. spcc. 1101.) stem decumbent; lower leaves with 5-7 leaflets ; leaflets cuneiform, somewhat pal- mately pinnatifid, pilose, with the segments linear ; petals ob- cordate, a little longer than the calyx. %. H. Native of Ar- menia and Syria. Nest. pot. 47. t. 5. f. 1. Corolla yellow. Geraniuvi-like C'mqweioW. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. PI. decumbent. 53 P. Lindacke'ri (Tauch. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 538.) leaves quinate, silky beneath ; leaflets cuneiform, deeply toothed, the teeth oblong and roundish ; stems filiform, procumbent ; petals exceeding the calyx. 1/ . H. Native of Bohemia. Lindacker's Cinquefoil. PI. proc. 54 P. RANUNCtiLoiDEs (Humb. et Bonpl. in Nestl. ])ot. 56. t. 3. f. 1. H. B. et Kunth, nov.gen. amer. 6. p. 216.) stems erect, few-flowered; radical leaves with 5-7 obovate, roundish, bluntly toothed, nearly glabrous leaflets ; petals obcordate, a little longer than the calyx. 2/ . F. Native of Mexico, at the bottoms of the mountains called Cerro de las Cruces. P. macrorhiza, Schlecht. consp. pot. in berol. mag. 7. p. 292. Lehm. pot. 114. Flowers yellow. Ranunculus-like Cinquefoil. PI. \ foot. 55 P. hyema'i.is (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnma. 5. p. 572.) root thick ; radical leaves quinate ; leaflets ovate, obtuse, cre- nate-toothed, green and pilose above, but clothed with white tomentum beneath ; stems ascending, corymbose at the apex, 7-15-flowered, very hairy, as well as the calyxes ; calycine seg- ments lanceolate, acute ; receptacle villous. 2/ . G. Native of Mexico, at Cruz Blanca. Flowers yellow, about the size of those of P. alha. Winter Cinquefoil. Fl. Nov. PI. | foot. 56 P. Thoma'sii (Tenore, prod. 2. suppl. 1. p. 61. fl. neap. 1. p. 285. t. 44.) stem erectish, corymbiferous ; radical leaves with 5, rarely with 7 leaflets ; leaflets obovate, coarsely toothed, clothed on both surfaces with silky villi, greenish above, but hoary beneath; petals obcordate. %. H. Native of Italy. Flowers yellow. Thomas's Cinquefoil. PI. 1 foot. 57 P. arge'ntea (Lin. spec. 712.) stems ascending; leaves quinate ; leaflets cuneiform, deeply cut at the top, clothed with white tomentum beneath, the margins revolute ; petals retuse, longer than the calyx. y.-H. Native of Europe ; plentiful in Britain, and of Canada. Smith, engl. bot. t. 89. Fl. dan. t. 865. Flowers yellow. I'ar. i3, dentiita (Wallr. sched. 237.) leaflets almost entire, only with 2 or 3 teeth at the apex, tomentose beneath. 11. U. Native of Germany and America. P. cinerea, Kafin. in litt. I'ar. y, dissecta (Wallr. sched. 237.) leaflets more or less deeply divided into linear segments, tomentose beneath. %. H. Native of Germany and France. Far. c, minitta (Ser. mss. in I). C. prod. 2. p. 577.) stems few- flowered, and are, as well as the leaves, very small, tomentose beneath. 1/ . H. Native about Geneva. Silvery Cinquefoil. Fl. June, Aug. Britain. PI. 1 foot. 58 P. Guntiie'ri (Pohl. tent. 2. p. 185. Lehm. pot. 97. t. 10.) stems weak, diff'use ; lower leaves quinate, upper ones ter- nate ; leaflets cuneated, acutely serrated at the top, canescent beneath, with flat margins ; petals retuse, a little longer than the 4B 55 i ROSACE/E. XII. POTENTILLA. calyx. If . H. Native of Silesia and Bohemia, in arid places. P. Weimanni^na, Gunther. Flowers yellow. Gunther's Cmquefo'il Fl.Ju.July. Clt. 1818. PI. ■§ to 1 foot. 59 P. Cala'bra (Tenor, suppl. 2. p. 67. fl. neap. 1. p. 287. t. 45.) stems prostrate ; leaves quinate, tomentose on both sur- faces, very white beneath; leaflets cuneiform, multifid ; petals longer than the calyx. 1/ . H. Native of Calabria, on the mountains. Flowers yellow. Var. /3, impoltla (Wahl. fl. carp. p. 507.) stems ascending, firm ; leaflets pectinately toothed, tomentose on both surfaces. C'a/a6rm» Cinqnefoil. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. pros. CO P. declina'ta (Horn. hort. hafn. p. 56.) stems prostrate ; lower leaves quinate ; leaflets lanceolate, deeply cut ; cauline leaves ternate ; petals shorter than the calyx. % . H. Native country unknown. Flowers small, yellow. Z)cc//«a»nr(ca/(;-branched Cinquefoil. Fl. Ju. July. PI. 1 to 1^ ft. 86 P. Valde'ria (Lin. spec. 714.) stem erect, hoary as well as the whole plant ; leaves with 5-7 leaflets ; leaflets obovate, serrated, clothed with silky tomentum, hoary beneath ; stipulas lanceolate, entire, rarely denticulated ; petals obovate-oblong, hardly emarginate, shorter than the calyx. 1/. H. Native of Piedmont, Valder, &c. in stony places. All. pedem. t. 24. f. 1. Flowers pale sidphur-coloured. I'aldcr Cinquefoil. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1825. PI. i to ^ ft. * * Flotvers white or red. 87 P. LiPiNoiDES (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1107. Nesil. pot. 60. Lehm. pot. 126.) stem erect, pilose; leaves with 5-7 leaflets ; leaflets obovate, roundish, obtuse, connivcntly serrated at the apex, densely clothed with silky villi; stipulas large, entire; petals obcordate, shorter than the calyx. 7f. H. Native of the higher alps of Dauphiny and the Pyrenees. Lodd. bot. cab. 654. P. nivalis, Lapeyr. abr. p. 290. act. toul. 1. p. 210. t. 16. P. hipinoides /3 nivalis, Pers. end). 2. p. 55. P. Valderia, Vill. dauidi. 3. p. 572. P. lanata. Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 646. P. intc- grifolia, Lapeyr. abr. 291. Corolla white. Flowers 3-6, ter- minal. Lupine-like Cinqiiclhil Fl. July. Clt. 1739. PI. ^ to | ft. 4 B 2 556 ROSACEiE. XII. POIENTILLA. 88 p. Clusiana (Jacq. austr. 2. t. 116. Sims, bot. mag. 1327.) stems ascending, few-flowered, purplish, pubescent; radical leaves quinate, cauline ones ternate ; leaflets oval-cunei- form, pubescent, tridentate at the apex, witli the teeth connivent ; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, entire ; petals roundish, hardly longer than the calyx. 1/. H. Native of Austria, Styria, Carniola, Tyrol, and Salisburg, on rocks and among stones. P. caules- cens /3 Clusiana, Foir. suppl. 5. p. 595. P. caulescens. Scop, fl. cam. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 361. Corymbs terminal. Corolla large, white. C/h,sm(«'« Cinquefoil. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1806. PI. i foot. 89 P. CAULESCENS (Lin. spec. 713.)downy; stem erect, weak, many-flowered, pilose ; radical leaves quinate, cauline ones ter- nate ; leaflets obovate, connivently serrated at the apex, with pilose margins ; stipulas entire ; petals obovate-cuneiform, hardly emarginate, longer than the calyx. 1^ . H. Native of the south of Europe, on the higher Alps. Jacq. aust. 3. p. 11. t. 220. Sturm, deutsch. fl. fasc. 1. with a figure. P. alba var. Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 118. Peduncles crowded at the tops of the stems. Corolla white. Canlescent CmquefoW. Fl. May, Jidy. Clt. 1759. PI. A ft. 90 P. GLAu'cA (Moris, elench. sard. p. 18.) plant very clammy ; stems ascending ; radical leaves quinate, cauline ones ternate or simple ; leaflets obovate-cuneiform, pubescent on both surfaces, bluntly and unequally many-toothed at the apex. 1/. H. Native of Sardinia. Habit of P. caulescens, Lin. but differs from it in the teeth of the leaflets being more close. Glaucous Cinquefoil. PI. ^ foot. 91 P. a'lba (Lin. spec. 713.) stems procumbent, weak, few- flowered ; lower leaves quinate, upper ones ternate ; leaflets ob- long, connivently serrated at the apex, smoothish above, but clothed with silky canescent down beneath ; stipulas lanceolate, entire ; petals obcordate, longer than the calyx. 7/ . H. Native of middle and south Europe and Caucasus. In Wales in moun- tainous woods according to Mr. Haviland, but not observed by any other person. Smith, engl. bot. 1384. Jacq. austr. 2. t. 115. P. nitida. Scop. earn. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 362. P. Clusiana, Gesh. cat. seep. no. 272. P. cordata, Braune, fl. salisb. 2. p. SO. Fragaria alba, Crantz. Pedicels axillary and terminal. Flowers white. Whiie-Rowered Cinquefoil, Fl. Feb. Aug. Wales. PI. pros- trate. 92 P. ALCHEMiLLOiDES (Lapcyr. act. toul. 1. p. 212. t. 17.) stems erectish, many-flowered ; leaves with 5 or 7 leaflets ; leaf- lets oblong-lanceolate, tridentate at the apex, the teeth conni- vent, glabrous above, but with silky-silvery down beneath ; sti- pulas of radical leaves subulate, of cauline ones ovate-lanceo- late ; outer calycine segments lanceolate ; petals ovate-oblong, emarginate, a little longer than the calyx. 1(.. H. Native of the Pyrenees, among rocks. P. Pyrenaica, Schlecht. Flowers white. A IchemUla-Me Cinquefoil Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 ft. 93 P. coMAROiDES (Hunib. et Bonpl. ex Nestl. pot. 62. t. 4. f. 3. and Kuntli, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 217.) stems firm, erectish ; radical leaves quinate, cauline ones ternate ; leaflets elliptic, usually 5-toothed at the apex, smoothish above, but clothed with silky hoary down beneath ; stipulas entire ; petals obcor- ilate, much longer than the calyx. If.. H. Native of Mexico, on mount Jorullo at the height of 1600 feet. P. riibra, Schlecht. in berl. mag. nat. 291. Corolla dark purple. Comarum-like Cinquefoil. Fl. .Sept. Pi. ^ foot. 94 P. colora'ta (Lehm. sem. hort. hamb. 1821. p. 8.) stems erect, purjile ; lower leaves quinate, with obovate-lanceolate leaflets ; upper leaves ternate, with lanceolate leaflets ; leaflets serrated, and beset with silky incumbent pili ; stipulas ovate, quite entire, sheathing ; petals obcordate, veiny, longer than the calyx. 1/ . H. Native of Nipaul. P. Nepalensis, Hook. exot. fl. t. 88. P. formosa, D.Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 232. Flowers beautiful purple. Co/oi^rerf Cinquefoil. Fl. Ju. Jidy. Clt. 1822. PI. 1 to li ft. 95 P. RusselliaVa (Sweet, fl. gard. t. 279.) villous; stems branched, diffiise ; radical leaves petiolate, ternate, quaternate or quinate ; leaflets ovate or obovate, obtuse, deeply serrated, feather-nerved, rather silky beneath ; stipulas adnate, ovate- lanceolate, acuminated ; calycine segments lanceolate, acute ; petals large, obcordate. 1/. H. A hybrid between P. formosa and P. alropurjiiirca. Petals bright scarlet, with a darker base. RusselVs Cinquefoil. Fl. June, Aug. Hybrid. PI. I^ foot. 96 P. Hopwoodia'na (Sweet, fl. gard. 2. ser. t. 61.) stems as- cending, clothed with villi ; lower leaves with 5-6 leaflets, upper ones ternate ; leaflets oblong-cuneiform, coarsely toothed, hairy on both surfaces ; calycine segments ovate, acuminated ; petals obcordate, imbricated, longer tlian the calyx. 1/ . H. A hybrid between R. formosa, impregnated by the pollen of P. recta. Petals beautifully variegated, marked with a spot of deep rose colour at the base, and from it to the centre of a pale straw colour, edged with bright rose colour. Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1383. i/oyjwoorf'i Cinquefoil. Fl. June, Jul. Hybrid. PI. 1|^ ft. 97 P. Mackaya'na (Sweet, fl. gard. 2. ser. t. 42.) villous ; stems ascending, branched ; leaves flaccid, radical ones quinate ; leaflets oblong-cuneated, coarsely and bluntly toothed ; cauline leaves ternate, few-toothed ; stipulas ovate, acute, quite entire ; petals obcordate, undulated, a little longer than the calyx. 1/ . H. A hybrid, produced from P. formosa impregnated by the pollen of P. opaca. Petals pale yellow tinged with red, and light red at the base. Maciay* Cinquefoil. FL June, Oct. Hybrid. PI. lift. § 3. Leaves p>mnately digitate. 98 P. DiVERSiFOLiA (Lehm. pug. 2. p. 9. Hook, fl. bor. amer. 190.) stems ascending ; radical leaves pinnate, with usually 3 i)airs of leaflets, and quinate ; cauline leaves with 2 pairs of leaflets, digitate or ternate ; leaflets cuneiform, coarsely and deeply toothed above, and clothed with silky pili at the apex ; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, quite entire; petals obcordate, longer than the calyx. 1^. H. Native of North America, in the alpine prairies, as well as of the higher summits of the Rocky Mountains between lat. 52° and 56°. Corolla yellow. Diverse-leaved Cinquefoil. PI. ^ to 1 foot. 99 P. pulche'rrima (Lehm. pug. 2. p. 10. Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 190.) stems ascending, villous; leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets crowded, elliptic, equally serrated, beset with adpressed pili above and clothed with white tomentum beneath ; stipulas ovate, acute, quite entire, woolly ; petals entire, longer than the calyx. % . H. Native of North America, in the prairies as well as on the dry banks of the Rocky Mountains, between lat. 52° and 56°. Corolla golden yellow. ^'erj//a/> Cinquefoil. Pi. ^ foot. 100 P. ruericau'lis (Lehm. pug. 2. p. 11. Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 191.) stem ascending ; radical leaves pinnate, with 2 pairs of leaflets, cauline ones ternate ; leaflets approximate, ob- long, pinnatifidly serrated, glabrous above and tomentose be- neath ; stipulas quite entire ; petals obcordate, exceeding the cilyx a little ; receptacle smoothish. l^.H. Native of North America, about Bear Lake, in lat. 66°. Flowers golden yellow, disposed in a dichotonious panicle. Red-stemmed Cinquefoil. PI. 1 foot. 101 P. pulcue'lla (R. Br. chl. melv. p. 193.) stems pro- cumbent; usually 1-flowered; leaves pinnate, with 2 pairs of leaflets, clothed with silky tomentum beneath ; leaflets 2-3-lobed or linear, entire, with revolute edges, the terminal or odd one pinnatifid ; stipulas ovate, sheathing; styles glandular and dilated at the base ; petals obovate, emarginate, length of calyx. 1/. H. UOSACEyE. XII. Potentii.i.a. 55T Native of tlie islands of the Arctic sea ; sliores of the mainland between the Coppermine and Mackenzie rivers. Corolla yellow. Pretty CinciueCoil. PI. procumbent. 102 P. Huthe'nica (Willd. spec. 1079.) stem erect, difl'iise, pilose ; radical leaves (piinately-pinnate, cauline leaves ternate ; leaflets hairy, obovate, unicpially and decjjly serrated ; stipulas oblong-lanceolate, outer side toothed ; petals shorter than the calyx. %. H. Native of Siberia. Flowers small, yellow, panicled on the tops of the branches pedicels hairy, primary ones solitary in the forks of tlie stem. Tfuiiinn Cinquefoil. Fl. May, June. Clt. 179D. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 103 P. DiFi'u'sA (Willd. cnum 555.) stem diffuse, beset with spreading pili ; radical leaves quinately pinnate, cauline ones ternate ; leaflets lanceolate, unequally and coarsely serrated, beset with spreading pili on both surfaces ; primary pedicels solitary ; petals retuse, shorter than the calyx. It. H. Native country unknown. Flowers small, yellow, panicled at the tops of the branches. Z>i/r«sc Cinquefoil. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1817. PL 1 foot. 10-t P. Dombe'yi (Nestl. pot. p. 38. t. 5. f. 2.) stems decum- bent, pilose ; leaves quinately pinnate, upper ones ternate ; leaflets obovate, cuneiform, hardly pilose, serrated at the ape.\ ; stipulas lanceolate, acute, entire ; petals a little longer than the calyx ; receptacle hairy ; carpels glabrous. 5/ . H. Native of Chili. Corolla yellow. Domhey's Cinquefoil. PI. decumbent. § 4. Leaves pinnate. Floners yellow. 105 P. bifu'rca (Lin. spec. 711.) roots creeping; stems as- cending ; leaflets about equal in size, bifid or entire, outer ones confluent ; stipulas oblong, entire, or a little cut ; flowers sub- corymbose ; pedicels pilose ; petals obovate, entire, longer than the calyx. %. H. Native of Iberia, Siberia, and Silesia. — Gmel. itin. 1. t. 37. f. 1. Corolla pale yellow. I'ar. ji, subsericea (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 580.) stems, leaves, and calyxes smaller, and clothed with rather silky down. % . H. Native about Astracan. Far. y, monstrusa (Fisch. gor. in litt. Led. fl. .lit. 2. p. 24(5.) branches much crowded, short. %.. H. Native of Dahuria and Altaia, in sterile salt places. /"orAwMeaved Cinquefoil. Fl, May, Ju. Clt. 1773. PI. i ft. 106 P. ASTRAGALIFOLIA (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 328. fl. alt. 2. p. 246.) plant clothed with silky villi ; stems prostrate, nearly leafless ; radical leaves pinnate, usually with C pairs of leaflets ; leaflets oblong, quite entire, or 2-3-parted, upper ones rather confluent, terminal or odd one trifid ; cauline leaves small, sim- ple, entire, or wanting ; stipulas oblong, entire, or cut a little ; petals nearly orbicular, twice the length of the calyx. 1/ . H. Native of Altaia, in sterile deserts on the right bank of the river Tschuja. Flowers pale yellow, 2-4, terminal. Milk-vetch-leaved Cinquefoil. Fl. June. PI. prostrate. 107 P. Japonica (Blum, bijdr. 1105.) stolons decumbent; radical leaves pinnate, usually with 3 pairs of leaflets, beset with strigose villi ; cauline leaves ternate ; leaflets obovate, sharply serrated, outer ones largest and approximate ; stipulas trifid at the apex. 1^. H. Native of Japan. Japan Cinquefoil. PI. creeping. 108 P. geoi'des (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 404.) plant hairy ; stems erect; leaves pinnate; leaflets roundish, a little lobed, hairy, outer ones the largest ; stipulas multifid ; panicle somewhat di- chotomous ; calycine segments obtuse, denticulated at the apex ; petals obovate, entire, about equal in length to the calyx, l^. H. Native of Tauria, among rocks towards the top of Mount Tschaturdag. Lehm. ])()t. t. 2. P. fragarioides, Habl. 147. but not of Lin. Corolla yellow, about the size of those of Gium urbanum. Geum-Uke Cinquefoil. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to H ft. 109 P. kuaoakioi'des (Lin. spec. 710.) stem erect, dichoto- mous, with creeping stolons issuing from the base ; radical leaves pinnate, cauline ones ternate ; leaflets oval, sharply serrated, silky-pilose, outer ones larger and more confluent ; stipulas serrated ; petals obovate-cuneiform, a little longer than the calyx. %. H. Native of Siberia. Lehm. pot. t. 4. Gmel. fl. sib. 3. t. 34. f. 2. P. poterioides, Schlecht. berol. mag. ann. 7. p. 286. Plant pilose. F'lowers yellow, in corymbose pa- nicles. Strawberry-like Cinquefoil. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1773. PI. i ft. 110 P. i-iMi'iNELLoiDES (Lin. spcc. 71 1) Stem erect, pilose ; leaves pinnate; leaflets about equal, roundish, dentately serrated, pilose ; stipulas cut ; petals obcordate, a little longer than the calyx. 11. H. Native of America, among stones. Nestl. pot. 32. t. 2. f. 1. Buxb. cent. 1. t. 48. Flowers yellow, disposed in dichotomous panicles. /'(7nj)cr«t'/-/i/ie Cinquefoil. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1758. PI. 1 ft. 111 P. cicutari.efolia (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1098.) stem erect, beset with adpressed pili ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets cuneiform, deeply toothed, with a few hairs on both surfaces ; stipulas nearly entire ; flowers in corymbose panicles ; petals obovate, about equal in length to the calyx ; receptacle glabrous. 1/ . H. Native of Galatia. Nestl. pot. t. 2. f. 2. Flowers yellow, about the size of those of P. argentea. Leaves resembling those of Erbdium cicutarium. Cicularium-leaved Cinquefoil. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. I to 1 foot. 112 P. sui'fNA (Lin. spec. 711.) stems decumbent, dichoto- mous ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets oblong, deeply serrated ; stipulas ovate, entire ; pedicels axillary, solitary ; petals obovate, length of calyx. "H . H. Native of Europe and Siberia, also of North America, in the plains of the .Saskatchawan. Jacq. fl. aust. 5. t. 406. — Gmel. itin. vol. 1. t. 27. f. 1. P. prostrata, Haenke. Corolla small, yellow. (S'!(p!«t' Cinquefoil. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 169G. PI. prostr. 113 P. EFFu'sA (Dougl. mss. Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 187.) plant clothed with hoary tomentum ; stems ascending, weak ; leaves interruptedly pinnate ; leaflets oblong, deeply serrated ; flowers in dichotomous panicles ; stipulas lanceolate, acumin- aled, entire ; petals obcordate, equal in length to the sepals, which are acuminated. 2/. H. Native of the north-west coast of America, on the elevateil groundsof the Assinaboyne, and the higher parts of the Red river. Receptacle villous. Corolla golden yellow. Effuse Cinquefoil. PI. ascending. 114 P. Pennsylva'nica (Lin. mant. 76.) stem erect, rather pilose ; leaves interruptedly pinnate, clothed with hoary tomen- tum ; larger leaflets oblong, truncate, deeply serrated, smaller ones quite entire, about the size of the segments of the larger ones ; stipulas lanceolate, usually entire, but sometimes with a few teeth ; petals obcordate, a little longer than the calyx. %. H. Native of the south of Europe, North America, and Siberia, plentiful. Jacq. hort. vind. 2. t. 189. P. liispi, Juss. gen. p. 353. Calyx with the tube contracted at the mouth (f. 75. g.), and with a 5- parted limb(f. 75. h. f. 76. d.) ; the segments somewhat spirally imbricated at the apex in aestivation, and usually pinnately divided (f. 75. h. c. f. 76. d.). Petals 5 (f. 75. e. f 76. e.). Stamens numerous. Carpels numerous, bony, inserted on the inside of the tube of the calyx, which at length becomes baccate (f. 75. f. f. 76. 6), and incloses them ; they are dry and indehiscent, bear- ing each a style on the inner side. Styles exserted from the constricted part of tlie calycine tnbe(f. 75. g.), sometimes distinct, sometimes connected into a columnar style. Seeds solitary, ex- albuminous, inverted. Embryo straight, with flattish cotyledons. — Shrubs, usually with impari-pinnate leaves, serrated leaflets, and with the stipulas adnate to the petiole (f. 75. a.). XXIL RO'SA (from rhos, red, Celtic; in reference to the colour of the flowers of most of the species of the rose). Tourn. inst. 1. p. 636. t. 408. Lin. gen. 631. Lam. ill. t. 440. Lindl. mon. Svo. 1820. Pronv. nom. ros. 1818. mon. ross. 1824, — Rhodophora, Neck. elem. 784. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Polygynia. The character the same as that of the tribe. Sect. I. Simplicifolia (Lindl.). Leaves simple, exstipulate. Fruit bristly. 1 R. berberifolia (Pall. nov. act. petr. 10. p. 379. t. 10. f. 5.) leaves simple, serrated ; prickles decurrent ; sepals entire. Ij . H. Native of Persia, near Amadan, and in fields at the bottom of Mount Elwend, and in the desert of Soongaria. R. simplicifolia, Salisb. hort. allert. 359. par. lond. 101. with a figure. Led. fl. ross. atl. ill. 370. Lowea conspicua, Lindl. hot. reg. 1261. Petals yellow, marked with purple at the base. Var. a, glabra (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 602.) stipulas con- nate, leaf-formed, glabrous ; prickles substipular, twin. h . H. Native of the Soongarian desert, in salt places beyond the river Irtysch. — Red. et Thor. ros. 1. p. 27. Var. ft, veluthia (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 602.) stem, prickles, and leaves velvety ; leaflets spatulate-lanceolate ; prickles substipular, twin. Tj . H. Native of Persia. Barberry-leaved Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1790. Sii. 1 to 2 ft. Sect. II. Feroces (from ferox, fierce, in reference to the branches being thickly beset with prickles). Lindl. mon. p. 3. Branches clothed with permanent tomentum. Fruit naked. The plants contained in this section are a strictly natural group. They are low shrubs, losing their leaves early in autumn, and ROSACEiE. XXII. Rosa. 565 are then remarkable for their hoary branches, bristles and nu- merous prickles. Tlicir fruit is perfectly smooth, which cha- racter separates them from the next section, in which the fruit is downy. Sepals usually toothed. 2 R. fe'rox (Lawr. ros. t. 42.) prickles of the same shape, and much crowded. I; . H. Native of Caucasus. Lindl. in bot. reg. t. 4 to. R. Kamtschatica, Red. ros. 1. p. 47. t. li. R. Kamschatica (i, fferox, Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. C07. R. eclii- nata, Dupont. Flowers large, red. Fruit globose, scarlet. I'ar. ji, nUcns (Lindl. bot. reg. 824.) leaves shining, pale green, glabrous on both surfaces ; flowers pale crimson. R. Kamtschatica y, nitens, Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 607. Fierce Rose. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1796. Shrub 3 to 4 ft. 3 R. RVGosA (Thunb. fl. jap. 213.) arms crowded, nearly equal ; peduncles beset with curved prickles. 1j . 11. Native of Japan. Ramanas of the Japanese. Lindl. ros. p. 5. t. 19. iVrinkled Rose. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 4 R. Kamtschatica (Vent. eels. t. C7.) prickles infra-sti- pular, falcate, large ; leaves opaque. Ij . H. Native of Kanit- schatka, in dry rocky places. Lindl. in bot. reg. t. 419. Flowers solitary, deep red. Fruit spherical, scarlet, less than that of R. ferox. KamtschalJca Rose. Fl. June, Jid. Clt. 1791. Sh, 3 to 4 ft. Sect. III. Bractea't.e (from braclcalus, propped or co- vered with plates ; flowers fiu-nished with bracteas). Branches and fruit clothed with permanent tomentum. Tin's section is readily distinguished from the last by the woolliness of the fruit. Leaves dense, usually shining, and prickles are placed under the stipulas in pairs. Sepals simple or nearly so. 5 R. involucra^ta (Koxb. Lindl. roy. p. 8.) leaflets elliptic- lanceolate, tomentose beneath ; bracteas contiguous, pectinate. ^2 . H. Native of Nipaul and China. Lindl. bot. reg. 709. R. palustris, Hamilt. mss. R. Lindleyana, Tratt. ros. 2. p. 190. Flowers white, nearly solitary, surrounded by 3 or 4 approxi- mate leaves. Invulucrated Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. Sh. 3 to 4 ft. 6 R. micropiiy'lla (Roxb. Lindl. ros. p. 9.) leaflets ovate, small ; bracteas appressed, pectinate ; fruit prickly. T; . H. Na- tive of China. Hi i-tong-hong of the Chinese. Flowers small, double, of a delicate blush colour. Small-leaved Rose. Fl. Aug. Oct. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 7 R. bractea'ta (Wendl. obs. p. 50.) leaflets oblong, obtuse, quite glabrous ; bracteas appressed, pectinated. Ij . H. Na- tive of China. Red. ros. p. 35. t. C. Vent. eels. t. 28. Rosa lilcida, Lawr. ros. t. 84. Rosa Macartnea, Dum. Cour. bot. cult. Flowers showy, pure white, solitary, nearly sessile. Fruit sphe- rical, orange red. Var. ji, scabriihciila (Lindl. ros. 10.) branches setigerous ; prickles smaller, straightlsh. ^ . H. Native of China. R. bracteata, Mcench, meth. suppl. 290. Jacq. fragm. 30. t. 34. f. 2. Sims, in bot. mag. 1377. Bracteated or Macartney's Rose. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1795. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 8 R. Lye'llii (Lindl. ros. p. 12. t. 1.) leaflets oblong-lanceo- late, glabrous ; bracteas distant, entire ; flowers cymose. Tj . H. Native of Nipaul. Plant densely villous. Flowers probably white. Lyell's Rose. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. Sect. IV. Cinnam6me.i; (plants agreeing in character with R. cinnambmea). Lindl. ros. 13. Plants setigerous or mi- armed, bracteate. Leaflets lanceolate, glandless. Disk thin, never thickened. This section is distinguished by its long, lan- ceolate leaflets, without glands, upriglit shoots, and compact habit ; red flowers never solitary except by abortion, and always supportetl by bracteas ; an inconspicuous disk but little thick- ened ; round, small, red fruit, losing tlieir long narrow sepals, and small, smooth, shining pericarps. The shoots are usually setigerous ne.xt the ground, but rarely so towards the apex, except in one or two instances. R. alp'tiia and R. acicularis of tlie following division sometimes have braclea, but their sepals never fall off till the fruit is decayed. .Sepals simple, entire, or nearly so, imless when mentioned otherwise. 9 R. NiTiUA (Willd. enum. 541.) dwarf; prickles crowded, very slender ; leaflets shining, narrow-lanceolate, flat. \^ . li. Native of Newfoundland. Lindl. ros. 13. t. 2. R. rubrispina, Bosc. diet. d. agr. 246.? R. blanda, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 344. R. Redutea rubescens, Red. ros. 1. p. 103. t. 36. Shrub beset with straight red spines. Flowers deep red. Fruit depressed, spherical, bright scarlet. Stiiiung-\eayed Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1807. Sh. 2 ft. 10 R. ra'i'A (Bosc. diet, d'agr. ex. Desf. cat. hort. par. 273.) taller, diflTuse ; branches unarmed ; leaflets oblong, undu- lated, shining ; fruit hemispherical. I^ . H. Native of North America, in the warmer states. Red. ros. 1. p. 7. t. 2. R. ti'irgida, Pers. ench. 2. p. 49. R. fraxinifolia, Dum. Cours. bot. cult. Petals always multiplied, smaller than those of /{. liicida, bright red. Fruit deep red. .Sepals com])OiuKl. Turnip Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 11 R. LU'ciDA (Ehrh. beitr. 4. p. 22.) coinpact; prickles of the branches stipular ; leaflets oblong, imbricated, flat, shining ; fruit globo>c, depressed. ^. H. Native of North America, from New York to Carolina ; near Boston, in bogs, and on the edges of marshes, and of Nesvfbundland. R. rubra liicida, Ross. ros. t. 7. and t. 25. f. 1. R. lucida, Jacq. fragm. 71. t. 107. f 3. Red. ros. 1. p. 45. t. 1 1.— Dill. clth. 325. t. 245. f 316. Flowers red, overtopped by the leaves and young branches. Fruit bright red. Lucid Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1724. Sh. 4 to 6 feet. 12 R. Lindle'yi (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 047.) diffuse ; branches twiggy, almost unarmed ; leaflets oblong, undulated, opaque, glaucescent. Tj . H. Native of North America. R. laxa, Lindl. ros. 18. t. 3. R. Carohna e, Ait. hort. kevv.ed. 2. vol. 3. )). 260. R. Carolina, pimpinellifolia, Andrews, ros. with a figure. A spreading shrub, with reddish brown branches. Flowers rose-coloured, growing usually in pairs. Lmdlcys Carolina Rose. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? Sh. 3 to 4 ft. 13 R. la'xa (Retz. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 548.) cauline prickles recurved ; flowers corymbose ; bracteas glandidarly serrated ; petioles unarmed, villous ; leaflets oblong, equally serrated, pubescent beneath. Ij . H. Native of Siberia. Flowers red. Fruit oblong, glabrous. Loose Rose. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 14 R. Kosingia'na (Bess, ex Spreng. syst. append. 2. p. 548.) prickles almost stipular, recurved ; leaflets with cuspidate serratures, glabrous on both surfaces, pale beneath; peiluncles and calyxes hispid ; fruit oblong, glabrous. I7 . li. Native of Podolia, at Tyra. Kosingian Rose. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 15 R. ERUTETORUM (15css. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 543.) prickles almost stipular, strong, reflexed ; petioles unarmed, and are as well as the under surface of the le.ives villous ; leaflets elliptic; peduncles very short, glabrous ; fruit globose, glabrous. H . H. Native of Volhynia. Bush Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. ISIS. .Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 16 R. PARViELORA (Ehrh. beitr. 4. p. 21.) dwarf; stipulas linear; prickles acicular ; leaflets lanceolate, smoothish, sharply serrated; calyxes clammy. 1; . H. Native of North America, on the declivities of hills in the state of New York and Carolina. Du Roi, harbk. 2. p. 354. .Smith, insect, georg. I. p. 49. t. 25.? R. huniilis. Marsh, arb. 136. R. Caroliniana, Michx. fl. bor. 566 ROSACEA. XXII. Rosa. amer. 1. p. 295. R. Carolina y and c, Ait. liort. kevv. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. SfiO. Pennsylvanian Rose, Lawr. ros. t. 3. and t. 66. A very low weak plant. Flowers pale blush, usually growing by pairs. Var. ft,Jlbre-2>leno ; flowers double, pale blush, unexpanded. A neat little rose. Red. ros. 2. p. 73. with a figure. Small-Jiowered Pennsylvanian Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1724. Shrub 2 feet. 17 R. WooDSii (Lindl. ros. p. 21.) stipulas and sepals conni- vent ; leaflets oblong, obtuse, glabrous. Ij . H. Native of North America, near the Missouri and north of the Saskatchawan and as far as the Bear Lake. Lindl. hot. reg. t. 976. R. lutea nigra, Pronv. nom. p. 24. A low shrub, with dull dark branches. Flowers pink. Fruit ovate, naked. There is a plant which was gathered about Cumberland House Fort, which Mr. Borrer takes to be a variety of the present species, having the leaves downy beneath. Woods's Rose. Fl. Mar. June. Clt. ? Shrub 2 to 3 feet. IS R. Caroli' NA (Lin. spec. 703.) stipulas convolute ; leaflets lanceolate; sepals spreading. I^.H. Native of New England, Virginia, and Canada as far as the Saskatchawan. Red. ros. 1. p. 81. t. 28. Lindl. ros. p. 23. t. 4. R. Virginiana, Du Roi, harbk. 2. p. 353. Rossig, ros. t. 13. R. paliistris, Marsh, arbr. 135. R. corymbosa, Ehrh. beitr. 4. p. 21. R. Pennsylvanica, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 290. R. Caroliniina, Bigel, fl. host. 121. R. Hudsoniana, Red. ros. 1. p. ^5. t. 35. Branches green or reddish brown. Cymes one or many-flowered. Flowers crimson. Petals concave or flat, crumpled. Fruit round, scarlet, hispid. Sometimes the ends of the shoots have no prickles. l^ar. ft, Florida (Lindl. ros. t. 23.) leaves without pubescence, thinner. R. Florida, Donn, cant. ed. 8. p. 169. R. ennea- phylla, Rafin. Carolina Rose. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1726. Shrub 2 to 8 ft. 19 R. bla'nda (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 202.) taller; prickles deciduous ; leaflets oblong, flat ; petioles pilose. T^ . H. Na- tive of North America, on the west coast, Hudson's Bay, Ca- nada as far north as Bear Lake. R. fraxinif olia a, blanda, Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 606. Flowers solitary, large, pale red. Bland Rose. Shrub 2 to 6 feet. 20 R. FRAxiNiFOLiA (Bork. holz. 301. Ker. bot. reg. 458.) taller, unarmed ; branches straight, glaucescent ; leaflets opaque, undulated, glabrous. Ij . H. Native of Newfoundland, and on the north-west coast of America. R. Virginiana, Mill. diet, no. 10. R. blanda a, Sol. mss. Jacq. fragm. 70. t. 105. R. corymbosa, Bosc. diet, d'agr. ex Desf. cat. hort. par. p. 272. ? R. alpina ft, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 265. R. alpina lae'vis. Red. ros. 1. p. 57. t. 19. Lawr. ros. t. 75. Branches dark purple, with a pale blue bloom. Flowers small, red, in few-flowered cymes. Fruit naked, small, round, or ovate, of a dull pale red colour. Var. ft, variegata (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 607.) flowers rose-coloured, variegated with purple. R, alpina flore variegato. Red. ros. p. 55. with a figure. Far. y, L'Ifcritieriana (Ser. 1. c.) flowers corymbose, semi- double ; prickles scattered, recurved. R. L'Heritieriana, Red. ros. 3. p. 21. with a figure. Ash-lcaved Rose. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? Shrub 4 to 6 ft. 21 R. ciNNAMOMEA (Besl. hort. eyst. vern. ord. 6. p. 5. Lin. spec. 703.) tall, cinereous ; br-inches straight; prickles stipular, straightish ; stipulas dilated, undulated ; leaflets oblong, obtuse, wrinkled, tomentose beneath. Ij . H. Native of Denmark, Belgivmi, Portugal, Germany, .Switzerland, France, Bohemia, and Caucasus. Lindl. ros. p. 28. t. 5. Red. ros. 1. p. 105. t. 37. and p. 133. t. 51. R. foecundissima. Munch, hausv. 5. p. 279. Fl. dan. t. 1214. R. majalis, Herm. diss. 8. Flowers solitary or 2-3 together, pale or bright red. Fruit round, naked, 1 crimson. The double-flowering variety is much more common than the single. Var. ft, Jlumalis (Lindl. ros. p. 28.) leaflets ovate, acute. I; . H. Native of Denmark and Switzerland. Cinnamon Yiose. Fl. May, June. Clt.? Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 22 R. DicKSONiA^NA (Lindl. hort. trans. 7. p. 224. syn. brit. fl. p. 99.) branches flexuous, setigerous, armed with a few slender, scattered prickles ; leaflets folded together, unequal, with coarse double serratures ; stipulas, petioles, and sepals glandular, the latter unequal ; fruit naked. ^2 . H. Native of Ireland. Flowers white. Dickson's Rose. Fl. June, July. Ireland. Sh. 5 to 6 feet. 23 R. Tau'rica (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 394.) taller, cinereous; prickles scattered, weak ; branches straight, unarmed towards the apex ; leaflets oblong, wrinkled, villous beneath ; sepals compound ; styles stretched out, glabrous. ^i . H. Native of Tauria, in bushy places. Wsh'xtoi R.cinnambmca. Flowers red. Taurian Rose. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1817. Shrub 5 to 6 ft. 24 R. Dahu'rica (Pall. fl. ross. 61. LindL ros. p. 32.) tall, much branched ; branches slender, coloured ; prickles stipular, spreading, a little recurved ; stipulas linear ; leaflets oblong, wrinkled, tomentose beneath, deeply serrated. >j . H. Native of Dahuria and Mongol Tartary, in birch woods. Flowers red. Fruit ovate, red. Dahurian Rose. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1824. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 25 R. Soonga'rica (Bung, in Led. fl. alt. 2. p. 226.) tall ; branches brown ; prickles stipular, strong, refiexed ; stipulas ovate, lanceolate, glandularly serrated ; leaflets glabrous, oval- oblong, simply serrated ; fruit globose, glabrous. Pj • H. Na- tive of the Soongarian desert, on the mountains of Arkaul and Dolenkara, at the river Irtysch. Peduncles corymbose, beset with glandular bristles. Petioles prickly. Flowers white ; petals length of calyx. Prickles of the sterile branches straight. Soongarian Rose. Fl. May. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 26 R. Gmelini (Bunge in Led. fl. alt. 2. p. 228.) branches dark brown, sterile branches very prickly, floriferous ones almost unarmed ; prickles setaceous, unequal ; sepals ovate, acumi- nated, undivided, beset with glandular bristles ; petioles clothed with glandular down ; leaflets 5-7, obovate-oblong, simply ser- rated, pubescent, and glandless beneath ; peduncles hispid ; fruit ovate, glabrous. Tj . H. Native of Siberia, common. R. canina, Sievers in Pall. nord. beytr. 7. Rosa non spinosa, fructu turbinato, Gmel. fl. sib. 3. p. 177. no. 15. Petals deep red, shorter than the sepals. Gmelin's Rose. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 27 R. arista'ta (Lapeyr. fl. pyr. t. 105.) upper leaves usually with 2 pairs of leaflets, and with the petiole ending in a spine. Ij . H. Native of the Pyrenees. Stem with a few prickles. Flowers solitary, purple. Perhaps a monstrosity of R. cinna- mbmea. ^ronefZ-petioled Rose. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 28 R. maja'lis (Retz, obs. bot. 3. p. S3.) dwarf, grey ; branches straight, coloured ; prickles scattered, nearly equal ; stipulas linear ; leaflets oblong, flat, glaucous, and tomentose beneath. Vj . H. Native of Sweden, Iiapland, and Britain, near Pontefract, Yorkshire. R. miitica, Fl. dan. 688. R. spinosis- sima, Gorter. ingr. 78. R. coUincola, Ehrh. beitr. 2. p. 70. R. cinnamomea, Smith, engl. bot. 2388. Flowers usually solitary, pale red. Fruit orange red, spherical, naked. Var. ft, canescens (Lindl. ros. p. 34.) leaves white from tomen- tum. Ij . H. Native of Sweden. Hog Rose. Fl. May, June. Britain. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 29 R. macropiiy'lla (Lindl. ros. p. 35. t. 6.) unarmed ; leaves very long; leaflets 5-11, lanceolate; petioles with a few glands, and are, as well as the leaflets, woolly beneath ; sepals narrow, longer than the petals, which are apiculated. 'j . H. ROSACEiE. XXII. Rosa. 567 Native of Gosaingsthan. Flowers red. Pcdunclos villous, and furnished with a few unequal setae, as well as tiie fruit. Long-leaved Rose. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. Sect. V. Pimpinellifoli.e (from pimpinclla, pimpernel, and folium, a leaf; resemblance in leaves to those of pimpernel). Lindl. ros. p. 36. Plants bearing crowded, nearly equal prickles, or unarmed. Bractless, rarely bracteate. Leaflets ovate or oblong. Sepals connivent, permanent. Disk almost wanting. This sec- tion is essentially different from the last in habit, but in artificial characters they approach very nearly. It, however, may be distinguished by the greater number of leaflets, which vary from 7 to 1'3, and even to 15, instead of from 5 to 7. The flowers are also universally without bractcas, except in the R. alphia, R. Sahlni, R. Doniana, and perhaps R. margintita. These having connivent permanent sepals, cannot be confounded with the pre- ceding division, nor on account of their disk with the following. There is no instance of stipular prickles in the present tribe. The sepals are entire or nearly so, unless when mentioned otherwise. 30 R. ALi'iNA (Lin. spec. 703.) unarmed; fruit elongated, pendulous ; pedimcles hispid. Jj . H. Native of the alps of Austria, hills in the south of France, Silesia, Bohemia, Dauphiny, Switzerland, &c. Jacq. fl. austr. 3. p. 43. t. 279. Lindl. hot. reg. 424. R. rupestris, Crantz, austr. 85. R. Monspeliaca, Gouan. monsp. 255. R. inermis. Mill. diet. no. 6. R. hy'brida, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 554. R. lagenaria, Vill. 1. c. p. 563. R. bi- flora, Krok. fl. sil. 2. p. 157. Flowers erect, blush-coloured, solitary. Fruit orange red, oblong or obovate, with a long neck, generally pendulous. Far.ji, Pijrenaica (Lindl. ros. p. 37.) tube of calyx and pe- duncles hispid. R. Pyrenaica, Gouan. ill. 31. 1. 19. R. alpina, Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 4. p. 416. R. hispida, Krok. siles. 2. p. 152. R. turbinata, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 550. R. alphia c, D. C. fl. fr. 6. p. 530. R. hispida and R. alphia coronata, Desv. journ. bot. 1813. p. 119? Var. y, pendulina (Lindl. ros. p. 37.) leaflets numerous, and are as well as the stems coloured. Pj . H. R. pendulhia, Lin. herb. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 208. Lavvr. ros. t. 91. R. alpina pendulina. Red. ros. 1. p. 57. t. 17. R. alpina (, latifolia, Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 612. I'ar. c, pimpinelUfblia (Lindl. ros. p. 37.) smaller in every part than the other varieties. Ij . H. R. pimpinellifolia, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 553. R. glandulosa, Bell, in act. taur. 1790. p. 230. R. pygmffia, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 397. R. Pyrenaica /3, Smith in Rees' cycl. Var. f, lagenaria (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 611.) stem and branches glabrous ; peduncles hispid ; neck of calyx tapering : leaflets lanceolate or oblong, doubly and sharply serrated. 1; • H. Native of the Alps and Pyrenees. Jar. 'C, sorbinella (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 611.) peduncles short, hispid ; calyx smooth ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, distant, acutely and doubly serrated. ^ . H. Native of the Alps of Bern. Var. K, hispidella (Ser. 1. c.) branches armed with slender, more or less numerous, recurved prickles ; peduncles and calyxes smoothish ; leaflets elliptic. R. alpina /5, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 440. R. alpina coronata, Desv. journ. bot. 1813. p. 119. Var. ^, Iwvis (Ser. mel. 1. p. 52. ros. exsic. no. 49. but not of Desv. nor Red.) stem, peduncles, and calyxes quite glabrous ; fruit oblong. Tj . H. Native of the Alps of Switzerland and Jura. R. sanguisorba majoris, &c. Dill. hort. elth. p. 325. t. 245. f. 317. R. alpina glabra, Desv. journ. bot. 1813. p. 119. R. alpina lae'vis, Desv. 1. c. R. alpina vulgaris, Red. ros. 2. p. 111. with a figure. Var. I, piriformis (Ser. 1. c.) stem, peduncles, and calyxes glabrous ; fruit short, pear-shaped. Ij . H. Native on mount Belpberg, about Bern. Far. K, setosa (Ser. 1. c.) stem smooth ; peduncles and calyxes beset with numerous, yellow, long bristles ; leaflets distant, elliptic or obovate, sharply and doubly serrated ; fruit pear- shaped. Ij • ^^- Native of Switzerland aI)out Bern, and of the Pyrenees. R. alpina hircina, Desv. journ. bot. 1813. p. 119. Var. X, gl(ibi}sa (Desv. journ. bot. 1813. p. 119.) stem and branches smooth ; peduncles and calyxes hispid ; fruit nearly globose. R. alpina £,, D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 33G. R. canina ambi- gua, Desv. journ. bot. 1813. p. 119. There is a variety of this with dark purple petioles and branches. Var. fl, liellcborina (Ser. 1. c.) leaflets large, approximate, sharply and broadly toothed, the 3 • terminal ones resembling those of Ilelleborus lividus ; germens and pedicels smooth. Ij . H. Native of Russia. Var. V, pilosula {Ser. \. c.) leaflets obovate, obtuse; petioles hispid ; peduncles pilose. f; . H. Native about Basle. Var. i, turbinata (Desv. journ. bot. 1818. t. 119.) stem and branches almost unarmed ; leaflets ovate, glaucescent beneath ; peduncles hispid ; sepals dilated at the apex ; flowers double red. R. inermis, Delaun. bon. jard. 1808. p. 717. Red. ros. 2. p. dH. with a figure. R. alpina flore pleno, Godefroy, cat. 1819. no. 58. R. turbinata, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 550. but not of Ait. R. alpina multiplex, Ser. mel. 1. p. 13. in a note. R. mixta, Tratt. ros. 1. p. 136. Alpine Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1683. Shrub 5 to 8 ft. 31 R. Candoi,lea'na ; prickles crowded, equal; fruit elon- gated, pendulous. V^ . H. Native of Germany and Siberia. R. rubella, Lindl. ros. p. 40. R. pendula, Roth. fl. germ. 2. p. 561. R. alpina, Pall. fl. ros. 61. R. polyphylla, VVilld. enum. suppl. 37. R. alpina 0, rubella, Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 612. R. Candolleana pendula. Red. ros. 2. p. 45. with a figure. R. Candolleana elegans, Thor. ros. cand. p. 7. Flowers solitary, deep red. Fruit elongated, scarlet. Var. fl, mclanocdrpa (Lindl. ros. p. 40.) fruit shorter, black- ish-brown. Dc Candolle's Rose. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 32 R. rube'lla (Smith, engl. bot. 2521.) prickles slender, straight, crowded ; fruit globose ; leaflets glabrous ; peduncles bristly. I^ . H. Native of England, in Northumberland, on the sandy sea-coast. Flowers either blush coloured or white, blotched with pink. Fruit bright scarlet. Reddish Rose. Fl. July. England. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 33 R. STRi'cTA (Muhl. cat. 50. Lindl. ros. p. 42. t. 7.) much branched ; branches unarmed ; fruit elongated, pendulous. (^ . H. Native of North America, in New England and Pennsyl- vania. R. Virginiana, Ilerm. diss. 19. R. pendulina, Lin. spec. 705. R. Carolina '(, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 260. Lawr. ros. t. 36. — Dill. hort. elth. 325. t. 245. f. 317. Flowers bright red. Fruit speckled with little pale spots before matu- rity. Leaves glaucous. Var. fl, pubescens ; leaves pubescent beneath. 1^ • H. Na- tive of North America, on the Saskatchawan. Straight Rose. Fl. June. Clt. ? Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 34 R. sua'vis (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 37. Link. enum. 2. p. 57.) stem hispid ; leaves glabrous, glaucescent beneath; pe- duncles and petioles clotiied with glandular bristles. I; . H. Native country unknown. Petals deep purple, deeply 2-lobed. Fruit oblong, glabrous. Smeet Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 35 R. AcicuLA~Ris (Lindl. ros. p. 44. t. 8.) tall ; prickles aci- cular, unequal ; leaflets glaucous, wrinkled, rather convex ; fruit sub-anipullaceous, drooping. 1; . H. Native of Siberia. Flowers solitary, pale blush, fragrant. Fruit obovate, naked, of a yellowish orange colour. R. alpina t, aculeiita, Ser. in D.C. prod. 2. p. 611. //dcu/ar-prickled Rose. FL May, Ju. Clt. 1805. Sh. 6 to 8 ft. 568 ROSACEiE. XXII. Rosa. 36 R. lute'scens (Piirsh, fl. amer. sept. vol. 2. p. 735. Lindl. ros. p. 47. t. 9.) prickles of branches crowded, unequal, slender, reflexed, of the branclilets small and nearly equal ; leaflets flat, glabrous, simply serrated. Tj. H. Native of North America and Siberia. R. hispida. Curt. bot. mag. 1570. Flowers pale yellow. Fruit large, ovate, black. ye/foro American Rose. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1780. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. S7 R. sulphu'rea (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 201. Lindl. ros. t. 77.) stipulas linear, divaricate, dilated at the apex ; leaflets glaucous, flattish ; tube hemispherical. fj . H. Native of the Levant. Ker. bot. reg. t. 46. Red. ros. 1. p. 29. t. 3. R. hemispherica. Harm. diss. 18. R. glaucophylla, Ehrh. beitr. 2. p. 69. Rosa lutea flore pleno. Rai. hist. 1475. no. 31. R. lutea, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 337. Stem prickles unequal, scat- tered. Flowers large, of a fine transparent yellow, always double. (S'M//3/(Mr-coloured-flowered Rose. Fl. July. Clt. 1629. Sh. 4 to 6 feet. 38 R. flaVa (Wicks ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 550.) fruit glo- bose, and is as well as the peduncles hispid ; prickles of the branches much crowded, somewhat setaceous ; petioles prickly ; leaflets pubescent beneath. Tj . H. Native of Siberia. Flowers yellow. Yellow Siberian Rose. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 39 R. vimi'nea (Lindl. ros. p. 49.) branches twiggy ; prickles setaceous, much crowded, straight, spreading, unequal ; leaflets membranous, flat, glabrous, simply serrated. Ij . H. Native of Siberia? R. horrida, Lindl. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 549. Flowers very large. Twiggy Rose. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 40 R. spiNosi'ssiMA (Lin. fl. suec. 442. spec. 491.) prickles vmequal ; leaflets flat, glabrous, simply serrated. Pj . H. Na- tive of Europe ; plentiful in Britain. A dwarf, compact bush, with creeping roots. Flowers small, solitary, white or blush coloured. Fruit ovate, or nearly round, black or dark purple. Var. a, pumila (Lindl. ros. p. 50.) prickles horizontal ; fruit ovate ; * peduncles glandular or bristly. Pj . H, Native throughout Europe and of Caucasus, on hills near the sea. R. spinosissima, Lin. R. cinnamomea, Herm. diss. 7. R. chamae- rhodon, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 555. R. pimpinellifolia ^, Red. ros. 1. p. 119. t. 44. * * Peduncles naked. R. spinosissima, Fl. dan. t. 398. Bull. par. t. 277. Lavvr. ros. t. 18. and t. 48. •Smith, engl. bot. t. 187. R. pimpinellifolia, Lin. syst. ed. 10. p. 1062. spec. 703. Rossig. ros. t. 9. and t. 25. f. 2. Jacq. fragm. 71. t. 107. f. 1. Red. ros. 1. p. 83. t. 29. and p. 85. t. 30. R. Scotica, Mill. diet. no. 5. R. collina, Schrank. fl. no. 774. R. pimpinellifolia, var. a, vulgaris, Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 608. R. spinosissima, var. pusilla, Woodv. in Lin. trans. 12. p. 179. t The following are the names of the Garden varieties of the Scotch Rose. * Double Scotch Roses. Anderson's double lady's blush, double lady's blush. Single-flowered Scotch Roses. double jiirik blush, double Provin's blush, double rose blush. Dutch double blush, princess double blush, double crimson, double crimson marbled, double dark marbled, double light marbled, double purple. small double light imrple. double dark red. double light red. true double red. large double two-coloured, smalldouble two-coloured, large double white, large semi-double white. Whitley's double white, globe double yellow, large double yellow, pale double yellow, small double yellow. Aberdeen. Aberfoil. alba. Alloa. Ancram. Arbroath. Argyll. Arrochar. Aurora borealis. Balloch. Banff. Bannochburn. Bass. Bengloe. Ben Lomond. Ben More. Berwick, bicolor. Biggar. Birnam. Blair Athol. Boharm, Borisdale. Borthwick. Buchan. Bute. Caithness. Calder. Callender. Campsie. carnescens. Carron. Cheviot, ciphieri. Clydesdale. Cromarty. Dalkeith. Dalrymple. Dornock. Douglas. Dumbarton. Dumblane. Dumfernline. Dumfries. Dunbar. Duncrieff. Dundee. Dunglass. Dunkeld. Dunlop. Dunmore. Dysart. dwarf bicolor. Eden. Elgin. Etierick. Fairy. Falkirk, Falkland. Falla. Fife. flavescens. Forfar. Forth, Fort William, fulgens, Furness, Galloway, Glasgow. Glenco. Glenfallach. Glengarry. Gourock. Grahamston. Grampian. Greenock. Haddington. Halkirk. Hamilton. Hawick. Hawthorndean. Hector, humilis, Huntly. incarnata, Inverary. Inverness. Invermay. Janus. Jedburgh. Jura. Keith, Kelso. Kilmarnock. Kincardine. Kinnaird. Kinross, Kircaldy, Kirkwall. Lanark, Laxford. Leith. Leslie. Lismore. Lochaber. Lochaird. Lochfine. Lochleven. Lochlomond. Lothian. Maidcnkirk. Melrose. Moncrieff, Monteith. Montgomery. Montrose. Mount Stuart. Mull. Moray, mutabilis, Nevis. Northumberland. Paisley, penicillata. Pentland. perpetual, picta, L. B. C. 687. Proteus. ROSACEA. XXII. Rosa. 569 Rohcrton. Rossi yn. Rolhsay. ruhicunda. Selkirk. Shetland, Sky. Staffa. Stirling. Strathmore. striata. Stronsa. Sitthcrland. Tcviotdale, Tarhct. ThornhilL Thurso. Tranent. varicgata, venulosa glabra. venulosa hispida. Var. jl, reversa (Lindl. ros. p. 51.) dwarf; prickles slender; lower ones deflexed ; fruit ovate, fj . H. R. spinosissima, Jacq. fragm. 79. t. 124. R. nana, Andrews, ros. R. reversa, Lindl. bot. reg. t. 431. Flowers of a whitish yellow colour. Far. y, R. polycdrpa (L,inAl.\. c.) dwarf ; fruit depressed, and are as well as the peduncles bristly. 1^ . H. Native of Ireland. I'ar. ^, 2>il'Jsa (Lindl. 1. c.) leaflets acute, pilose beneath. Tj . H. Native of Ireland. Far. f, tiirbinala (Lindl. 1. c.) dwarf; fruit turbinate. ^ , H. Native of Ireland. Far. i;, Pallasii (Lindl. 1. c.) taller ; prickles nearly equal, much crowded. ^ . H. R. pimpinellifolia, Pall. fl. ross. 62. t. 75. Red. ros. 1. p. 84. R. Altaica, Willd. enum. 543. R. Sibirica, Tratt. ros. 2. p. 230. R. pimpinellifolia 0, Altaica, Red. ros. 1. p. 84. Flowers white. Grows in elevated plains and exposed precipices, from the nortliern part of the Altaian moimtains, extending through Siberia. Its more robust liabit, and its ap- proach to equal size in its prickles are its principal characters. Far. T], Rossica (Lindl. 1. c.) taller; prickles long and very slender. Tj . H. Native of Russia. Far. 6, argintea (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 608.) branches and stems hispid from prickles, intermixed with minute bristles ; pedimcles and calyxes purple, hispid ; leaflets ovate, clothed with white tomentum beneath ; flowers white, semi-double. Ij . H. R. hispida argentea. Red. ros. 3. p. 81. Curt. bot. mag. 1570. Far. (, cchinella (Ser. 1. c.) teeth of leaflets very numerous ; peduncles and calyxes hispid. Far. K, Jlavescens (Ser. 1. c.) peduncles and fruit smooth ; flowers pale yellow. R.CandoUeana flavescens, Red. ros. 2. p. 46. Far. X, microcardia (Ser. 1. c.) flowers and leaves smaller ; fruit smaller, and are as well as the peduncles iiispid or smooth ; stem prickly, h^ . H. Native of Podolia. R. melanocarpa, Bess. enum. pi. Volh. 18. 61 and 62. Far. jx, inermis (.Ser. 1. c. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 438.) stems and branches unarmed, var. 1. Flowers white. Red. ros. 1. p. 84. var. 2. Flowers pale red. Red. ros. 3. p. 23. Far. V, marmorata (Ser. 1. c.) flowers small, more or less va- riegated or blotched ; leaflets small, roundish ; stems and branches more or less prickly. I; . H. Lois, in Duham. ed. nov. ex Red. ros. 1. p. 84. R. pimpinellifolia 0, Red. ros. 1. p. 84. Far. 0, Islandica (Lindl. ros. p. 57.) taller ; prickles large, falcate. Ij . H. Common in Ireland. R. Hibernica, Hook. mss. Fery-spiny or Scotch Rose. Fl. May, June. Britain. Sh. 1 to 2 feet. 41 R. Hibe'rnica (Smith, engl. bot. 2196.) prickles unequal, slightly hooked, smaller ones bristle-formed ; leaflets ovate, acute, simply serrated, with the ribs hairy beneath ; sepals pin- nate ; fruit nearly globidar, smooth as well as the peduncles. I; . H. Native of Ireland, in the counties of Derry and Down, in thickets. Flowers rather small, light blush coloured. Fruit orange-coloured. Irish Rose. Fl. June, Nov. Ireland. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 42 R. oxyaca'nth.\ (Bieb. fl. taur. 3. p. 338.) stem very VOL. 11. prickly ; prickles setaceous, reversed; petioles prickly and glan- dular ; leaflets sharply and simply serrated, glaliroiis ; sepals undivided ; ])eduncles clothed witii glandular bri.stles, when in fruit reflexed ; fruit nearly globose, glabrous. 1; . II. Native of Siberia. Flowers red. Sharp-spiiud Rose. Fl. Ju. Jid. CIt. 1820. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 43 R. SANOuisoRBiFoLiA (Doun, hurt. cant. ed. 8. p. 1C9.) tall; prickles nearly equal; leaflets 9-11, oblong, glabrous, simply serrated ; fruit globose, depressed, dark. Ij . H. Na- tive country unknown. R. spinosissima, var. «, sanguisorbi- folia, Lindl. ros. t. 51. R. spinos. i, macrophylla, Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 609. Flowers white. This plant is easily distin- guished from the last in the greater number of leaflets, and in the globose depressed fruit. Burtiet-leaved Rose. Fl. May, June. CIt.? Sh. 3 to 5 feet. 44 R. GRANDiFLORA (Lindl. ros. p. 55. and bot. reg. 888.) branches without bristles; prickles nearly equal, distant; leaflets flat, glabrous, sim])ly serrated. Ij . H. Native of Siberia. R. pim- pinellifolia, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 39 1. Flowers white. Fruit dark. Great-foivercd Rose. Fl. May, Ju. CIt. 1818. Sli. 4 to 6 ft. 45 R. Califo'rnica (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linna;a. 2. p. 35.) branches glabrous ; prickles stipular, twin, a little recurved, the rest of the shrub unarmed ; leaflets 5-7, ovate, obtuse, sharply serrated, pubescent .ibove and tomentose beneath ; sti- pulas witli a few glands on the margins ; corymbs terminal ; peduncles pilose ; sepals ovate, acuminated, dilated, and spatu- late at the apex, pubescent outside and tomentose inside, white, and densely ciliated on the edges. Tj . IL N;itive of Cilifor- nia. Petals rose-coloured, size of those of R. pimpinelUf ulia. California Rose. Shrub. 46 R.Nankink'nsis (Lour. coch. 324.) dwarf, much branched ; prickles crowded ; leaflets acuminated, ciliately serrated ; sepals prickly; petals apiculate. I7 . G. Native of China, about Can- ton and Nankin. Flowers pale red, small, double. Nankin Rose. Shrub 1 foot. 47 R. myriaca'ntha (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 439. Lindl. ros. p. 55. t. 10.) prickles unequal, largest ones dagger-formed ; leaflets glandular, glabrous, orbicular. ^.W. Native of Dau- phiny and near Montpelier. P. parvifolia. Pall. ross. 62. ? R. provincialis, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 390.? R. spinosissima, var. i;, myriacantha, Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 608. Flowers white. Myriad-spined Rose. Fl. May, Ju. CIt. 1820. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. IS R. involu'ta (.Smith, engl. bot. 2068.) prickles very un- equal, and very much crowded ; leaflets doubly serrated, pu- bescent ; petals convolute ; fruit prickly. Ij . H. Native of the western parts of .Scotland ; in several parts of the Hebrides ; in the Isle of Arran (G. Don); and in Glen Lyon. R. nivalis, Donn, hort. cant. ed. 8. p. 170. Petals pale red, concave. /ni'o/i(ctit favorite. petit mignon. petit panachee. phcenix. Pierian. pilgiim. pink velvet. jilicala jmrpturea. Pomeranian. jwmegranate. Pomona. pompone. 2iomj)one blanc. 2iompone bifera. pompone quatre saisons. pompone varin. Poniatowski. Pope's cluster. Porllandica grandiflora. Portlandica perpetua. Portobella. Portugal. pionrprc agreable. jiourpre de Paris. pourpre de Tyre. pourpre sans epines. pourpre de Vienne. 2)ourpre iinperiale. pourpre incomparable. 2iourpre obscur. pourpre sans defaut. pourpre sans pareil. jMurpre superbe. predominant. Presburg. ])rince. prince d'Aremberg. princely. Prince Regent. princess Charlotte. princess noble. jnofessor. proliferous carmine. purple crimson. jmrple crown. jmrjile imperial. purple velvet. pyramide pourpre. quatre saisons blanche. quatre saisons Francois. quatre saisons panachee. quatre saisons sans epines, queen's Provins. ragged robin. ranunculus. Raphael. Ratisbon. Ravenna. red cluster. red crown. red Provins. red velvet. refulgent. reginaflorum. reine Caroline. reine d'Hongrie. renoncule nouvelle. rex rubrorum. riche enjleurs. roi des ncgres. roi de Rome. roi de Maroc. roi des Pays Bas. roi des pourpres. Roman. Rosabel. Rosanna. rose agrcable. rose bouquet. rose de Ceres. rose des dames. rose du roi. rose d'Orleans. rose du prince. rose la mode. rose Lee. rose pivoine, rose proUfere. rouge agrcable. rouge bien vif. rouge eclatant. rouge formidable. rouge f lappa nt. rouge luixant. rouge panache. ' rouge sans epines. rouge semidouble. rouge vegetable. royal bouquet. royal carmine. royal crimson. royal gabina. royal mantle. royal viscous. rubrispina. rubiginosa umbellata. ruby. sable. St. Antoine. St. Catharine. St. George. St. Germain, 576 ROSACEA. XXII. Rosa. St. Gothard. St. Jago. St. Mark. St. Patrick, sans defaut. sans petales. Sarmatian. scarlet Brahant. sceptre. scone purple. semidouble hep. semidouble mignonne. semidouble monthly. semidouble new. seigneur d'jErtzelaar. septum cerise. Seville. Sheffield. Shyloch. Silenus. Silesian. shining semidouble. simplicite. singuliere agate. Sirius. soliditas. Southampton. Spartan. spineless red. spiral. stcebon. standard. state. Stephanus. Stepney, m.l.r. striped monthly. striped Provins. striped velvet. sugarloaf. sulphurea. sidphurea minor. Sultan, m.l.r. superb. sup>erb amaranth. superbe brune. superbe pyramide. surpasse Singleton. surpasse tout. Smiss. Syrian. Tangiers. ten-leaved. temjile d'Apollon. tete de tnort. Theseus. Tigris. tricolor. tomentosa alba. toujours. tons les mois gris. transparent. transparente nouvellc. Trebonius. tree burnet-leaved, tree paony, tresorier. triangular, iriomphe. triomphe des dames. triomphe royale. Triton. turban. two-coloured hundred-leaved. two-coloured mignonne. vacuna. vagrant. velours cramoisie. veloute. venerable, venetatus, Venetian, ventome noir, Venus. venusta. Veritas. Vermillion, Vesta. Vesuvius, victoria. Vidua. villosa nouvelle. Vilmorin. violette, violette agreable, violette aimable, violette brillante, violette curieuse. violette f one ee. violette maculee. violette nouvelle. violette sans pareille. violette superbe. violette superieure. virgin's. virginale, virbilia. virgo cramoisie. ulterio. ultra-marine. umbrella, unique rouge. Waterloo. Watson's blush, Watson's white. Wellington. vioolly- leaved. white damask. white jiompone. York. Yorkshire blush. Yorkshire Provins. zabet. zatre, Zenobia. Sect. VII. Villosa (from villosus, villous ; shrubs villous). Lindl. ros. p. 72. Surculi straight. Prickles straightish. Leaf- lets ovate or oblong, with diverging serratures. Sepals conni- vent, permanent. Disk thickened, closing the throat. This division borders equally close upon those of Canhice and Rubigi- nbscE. From both it is distinguished by its root shoots being erect and stout. Tlie most absolute marks of difference, how- ever, between this and Sect. Canhice, exist in the prickles of the present section being straight, and the serratures of the leaves diverging. If, as is sometimes the case, the prickles of this tribe are falcate, the serratures become more diverging. The permanent sepals are another character by which this tribe inay be known from Sect. Canlnce. The section Rubiginbsce cannot be confounded with the present section on account of their un- equal, hooked prickles, and glandular leaves. Roughness of fruit and permanence of sepals are common to both. 82 R. turbina'ta (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 206.) tube of calyx turbinate ; sepals undivided ; leaves villous beneath. Tj . H. Native of Germany, probably spontaneous. Lawr. ros. 63. Jacq. schoenbr. 4. t. 415. Jacq. fragm. 71. t. 107. f. 2. Red, ros. 1. p. 127. t. 48. R. campanulilta, Ehrh. beitr. 6. p. 97. R. Francofortitlna, Moench. hausv. 5. p. 24. R. Francfurtensis, Rossig. ros. t. 11. Habit of i2. Damascena. Flowers large, red, very double. Turbinate-csi\yx.eA or Franckfort Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1629. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 83 R. viLLOSA (Lin. spec. 704.) leaflets rounded, bluntish, downy all over ; fruit globose, rather depressed, partly bristly ; sepals slightly compound. Tj . H. Native of Europe, in hedges; in Britain, in bushy rather mountainous situations, in Wales, Scotland, and the north of England. R. mollis. Smith, engl. bot. t. 2459. R. tomentosa /3, Lindl. ros. p. 77. R. hetero- phy'lla. Woods, in Lin. trans. 12. p. 195. R. pulchella, Woods. 1. c. p. 196. R. pomifera, Herm. diss. 16. Flowers red or pink. This is a very variable plant. Branches without bristles. Var. ji, resinbsa (Lindl. ros. p. 77.) dwarf, grey ; leaflets nar- row ; flowers very red. Tj . H. Native of Ireland. Villous Rose. Fl. July. Britain. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 84 R. sylve'stris (Lindl. syn. brit. fl. p. 101.) stem erect, coloured, flexuous ; prickles hooked ; leaflets oblong, acute, hoary on both sides ; sepals diverging, deciduous before the fruit is ripe ; fruit elliptic, bristly. ^ . H, Native of Oxford- shire, in hedges. R. tomentosa sylvestris. Woods. Wild Rose. Fl. June, Jidy. England. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 85 R. BoREYKiA^NA (Bess. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 652.) prickles of branches scattered, recurved ; petioles prickly ; leaflets doubly serrated, pubescent beneath, glandular on the margins, but not beneath ; peduncles corymbose, covered with glandular bristles ; fruit oblong, glabrous. fj . H. Native of the north of Podolia. Boreykian Rose. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 86 R. TOMENTOSA (Smith, fl. brit. 539. engl. bot. 990.) leaf- lets ovate, acute, more or less downy ; fruit elliptical, hispid ; sepals pinnate; prickles slightly curved. I^ . H. Native of Europe, in hedges and thickets ; plentiful in Britain. Red. ros. 2. p. 39. 1. 17. R. villosa, Ehrh. arb. 45. Du Roi, harbk. 2. p. 341. Fl. dan. 1458. R. mollissima, Biirk. holz. p. 307. R. dubia, Wibel. wirth. p. 263. R. villosa i3, Huds. 219. Pe- tals red, white at the base. Var. j3, scabriuscula (Smith, engl. bot. 1896.) leaves greener, nearly smooth except the ribs, which are hairy. Ii . H. Native near Newcastle. R. foe'tida, Batard, suppl. 29. Red. ros. 1. p. 131. t. 150. Tomentose Rose. Fl. June, July. Britain. Shrub 6 feet. 87 R. Siieea'rdi (Davies, Welsh, bot. 49.) prickles conical, hooked, compressed ; leaflets elliptical, acute, downy on both surfaces ; sepals pinnate ; fruit globular, abrupt, rather bristly. ^2 ■ H. Native near Kingston-upon-Thames, near Tonbridge Wells, and Down in Kent ; in Cambridgeshire and Anglesea. ROSACE,^. XXII. Rosa. 571 R. siib^lob6sa, Smith, cngl. fl. 2. p. 384. R. tonicnlosa, var. e and »), Woods, in Lin. Irans. 12. p. 201. Peduncles from 1-8, the more numerous the shorter, beset with glandular bristles. Fruit large, globular. Sfierard's Rose. Fl. June, July. Britain. Shrub 6 feet. 88 R. iii'spiDA (Poir. cncyc. hot. no. 15.) ovaries globose, and are as well as the pedinieles hispid from prickles ; leaflets ovate, white from tomentuni beneath ; stem prickles scattered ; flowers solitary. I; . H. Native of Europe. R. villosa ji, pomifera, Desv. journ. bot. 1813. p. 117. Hispid Rose. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 89 R. ALBA (Lin. spec. 705.) leaflets oblong, glaucous, na- kedish above, simply serrated ; prickles straightish or falcate, slender or strong, without seta? ; sepals pinnate, reflexed ; fruit unarmed. l^ . H. Native of Piedmont, Cochin-china, Den- mark, France, and Saxony. Lawr. ross. tt. 2.'3. 25. .'i2. 37. Oed. fl. dan. 1215. Red. ros. 1. p. 97. t. 3 t. and p. 117. t. 43. R. usitatissima. Gat. montaub. 94. Flowers large, either white or of the most delicate blush colour, with a grateful fra- grance. Fruit oblong, scarlet, or blood-coloured. The follow- ing garden varieties belong to this species : agate. maiden's blush, great. belle Aurore. maiden's bltisli, small. blanche a cceur vert. Moraga la favorite. blanche de Belgique. muscat rouge. blush, double nhile. nova cceUstis. bouquet blanc. nova plena. celestial. petite cuisse de nijmphe. Due d'Yorck. rosea. Eliza. Simon ville. feuille fermee. spineless virgin. grande cuisse de nymphe. thornless, double, Henriette, belle. triangulciris. Joanne d'Arc. while, double. maiden's blush, cluster. white, semidouble. White Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1597. Shrub 4 to 7 feet. 90 R. MOLLIS (Led. ex .Spreng. syst. 2. p. 551.) ovaries ovate, glaucous, and are prickly as well as the peduncles ; branches glabrous, unarmed, pubescent as well as the petioles ; leaflets obtuse, doubly serrated, villous on both surfaces. Jj . H. Native of Caucasus. R. Ledebourii, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 551. Soft Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 91 R. TEREBiNTHACEA (Bess. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 551.) prickles of the branches straight and compressed ; petioles pubescent ; leaflets tomentose beneath ; peduncles corymbose, bristly ; sepals lanceolate, emarginate ; fruit oblong, tapering to both ends, bristly. fj . H. Native of Podolia, at Tyra. Turpentine Rose. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. Sect. Vin. Rubiginos.!; (from r«iig'mo.sM«, rusted ; the leaves of the species are usually clothed with rust-coloured glands be- neath). Lindl. ros. p. 84. Prickles unequal, sometimes bristle- formed, rarely wanting. Leaflets ovate or oblong, glandular, with diverging serratures. Sepals permanent (f. 75. d.). Disk thickened. Sirculi arched. The numerous glands on the lower surface of the leaves will be sufficient to prevent any thing else being referred to this section. But R. lomentosa has some- times glandular leaves, but in such cases the inequality of the prickles of Rubiginbsce, and their red fruit, will alone distinguish them. 92 R. LU~TEA (Dodon. pempt. 187. Mill. diet. no. 11.) prickles straight ; leaflets deep green ; sepals nearly entire, seti- gerous ; petals flat, concave. Ij . H. Native of Germany and south of France. Lawr. ros. t. 12. Curt. bot. mag. 3C3. R. eglanteria, Lin. spec. 703. Red. ros. 1. p. 69. t. 23. R. foe'tida, Herm. diss. 18. R. chlorophylla, Ehrh. beitr. 2. p. 69. R. ct-rca, Rossig. ros. t. 2. Flowers dee)) yellow, large, cup-shaped, solitarj'. Fruit unknown. Far. /3, subrHbra (Red. ros. 3. p. 73. with a figure) peduncles rather liispid and glandular ; leaves and petioles glabrous ; stem ])rickly at the base; jjrickles uiie(nial, scattered; petals of a lurid red above and yellowish beneatli ; stigmas yellow. Far. y, punieea (Lindl. ros. p. SI.) petals scarlet above and yellow beneath. Pj . H. Native of Austria. R. punieea. Mill. dict.no. 12. Rossig. ros. t. 5. R. cinnamomea. Roth. fl. germ. 1. p. 217. R. lutea bicolor, Jacq. vind. 1. t. 1. Lawr. ros. t. 6. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1077. R. eglanteria punieea, Red. ros. 1. p. 71. t. 24. R. eglanteria bicolor, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 437. 1 V/ZoH' Eglantine Rose. Fl. June. Clt. 1596. Sh. 3 to 4 ft. 93 R. RiBiGiNosA (Lin. mant. 2. p. 5G4.) prickles hooked, compressed, with smaller straighter oiu's inters|)ersed ; leaflets elliptical, doubly serrated, hairy, clothed beneath with rust-co- loured glands ; sepals pinnate, and are bristly as well as the peduncles; fruit obovate, bristly towards the base. \^ . H. Native throughout Europe, and of Caucasus. In Britain, in bushy places, on a dry, gravelly, or chalky soil. Smith, engl. bot. t. 991. Curt. fl. lond. t. 116. Jacq. austr. t. 50. Lawr. ros. tt. 41. 61. 65. 72. and 74. Schkuhr, handb. t. 134. R. suavifolia, Lightf. scot. 1. p. 261. Fl. dan. 870. R. eglanteria, Mill. diet. no. 4. Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 491.? R. agrestis, Savi. fl. pis. p. 475. R. rubiginosa jiarviflora. Ran, enuni. 135. Leaves sweet-scented when bruised. Flowers pink. Fruit scar- let, obovate, or elliptic. Far. ft, Faillantiana (Red. ros. 3. p. 95. with a figure,) fruit ovate and hispid as well as the peduncles ; prickles of the branches somewhat horizontal ; leaflets nearly glabrous above ; flowers white. Fur. y, rotundifolia (Ij'mA\. ros. 88.) branches flagelliform ; prickles straightish, slender; leaflets roundish, small, tube of calyx nearly globose, glabrous. T; . H. Native of Germany. R. rubiginosa rotundifolia, Rau, enum. p. 136. Flowers so- litary. Far. S, aculeatissima (Dup. gym. ros. p. 13. ex Red. et Thor. ros. 2. p. 97.) flowers usually solitary ; fruit ovate, and are as well as the peduncles beset with glandular bristles ; leaflets ovate-roundish ; prickles straightish, very numerous. Cultivated in gardens. Far. e, nemoralis (Red. et Thor. ros. 2. p. 23. with a figure) flowers usually solitary, small ; fruit ovate, and is as well as the peduncles beset with glandular bristles ; leaflets large, thin ; prickles straightish, few. Tj . H. Native of France. R. ne- morosa, Lebert et Lejeune, fl. spa. 2. p. 311. Far. i, umbellata (Lindl. ros. 87.) flowers several, in a fas- cicle ; fruit globose, almost smooth ; peduncles hispid ; branches very prickly ; leaflets ovate-roundish, glabrous, glandular be- neath ; prickles hooked. fj . H. R. umbellata. Leers, fl. herb. 119. add. p. 286. Gmel. fl. bad. 2. p. 425. D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 532. Rau, enum. 134. R. tenuiglandulosa, Mer. fl. par. 1 89. R. rubiginosa eglanteria cymosa. Woods, in Lin. trans. R. serapervirens. Roth, fl. germ. 1. p. 218. Far. 71, pubera (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 61 C.) flowers usually solitary ; fruit ovate, smooth ; peduncles beset with glandular bristles ; leaflets roundish, glandular beneath, and are as well as the petioles puberulous. Ij • H. Native of Switzerland, about Aarberg. Far. 6, grandiflora (Lindl. ros. 88.) leaflets nearly naked ; petioles villous ; flowers large ; fruit purple, and are as well as the peduncles glabrous. ^J . H. Native of Germany. R. grandiflora, Wallr. ann. bot. 66. Far, t, major (Ser. exsic. no. 4. mel. 1. p. 45.) stems erect ; flowers solitary or corymbose, numerous ; fruit ovate, and are as well as the peduncle clothed with glandular bristles ; leaflets 4E 578 ROSACEA. XXII. Rosa. broad, sparingly glandular beneath ; petiole and middle nerve villous ; flowers semidouble. Far. K, spinuUfhlia (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 616.) prickles large, straight, or somewhat deflexed ; leaflets oval, spinulose beneath ; tube of calyx ovate, and is as well as the peduncles more or less hispid. T; . H. Native about Fribourg and Ver- viers. R. spinulifolia, Dem. ess. p. 8. R. spinulifolia, Dema- tratiana, Thor. ros. t. 1. Red. et Thor. ros. 3. p. 8. Var. X, Jlexuosa (Lindl. ros. 88.) branches very flexuous ; leaflets nearly orbicular ; bracteas deciduous ; flowers usually solitary; styles smooth. ^. H. Native of Germany and Switzerland. R. Reynieri, Hall. fil. in Rcem. arch. 6. 1. st. 2. p. 7. R. flexuosa, Rau, enum. p. 127. R. montana, D. C. suppl. 532. ? Far. fi, parv'ifolia (Lindl. ros. 145.) dwarf; branches seti- gerous ; leaflets roundish. I; . H. Native of Tauria, and France. Willd. enum. 54G. R. micrantha, D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 539. but not of Smith. Flowers pale rose-coloured. Garden varieties of the Sweet Briar. American, single. monstrous. blush. mossy. Clementine. petite Hcssoise. cluster. royal. double. scarlet. dwarf, semidouble. tree, double. maiden. nhite, semidouble. Mannint's. Zabeth. Rusty Hose, Sweet Briar, or Eglantine. Fl. June, July. Britain. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 94 R. suave'olens (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. vol. 1. p. 346.) prickles scattered, straight; petioles beset with glandular bristles; leaflets ovate, serrated, sparingly glandular beneath ; flowers usually solitary ; peduncles bracteate ; fruit ovate. P^ • H- Na- tive of North America. R. rubiginosa and eglanteria of the Americans. Rafin. ros. amer. in ann. phys. 5. p. 518. Leaves sweet-scented when bruised. Flowers pink. Sepals entire. American Sweet Briar or Eglantine. Fl. Jime, July. Clt. 1100. .Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 95 R. monta'na (Vill. dauph. 3. p. 547.) prickles solitary, hooked ; leaflets roundish, abrupt, doubly serrated, smooth, hardly glandular ; peduncles and petioles bristly and glandular ; sepals partly pinnate, bristly and glandular on the back ; stems strong, reddish. J^ . H. Native of Dauphiny and other parts of the south of Europe. Smith in Rees' cycl. Flowers small, generally white. Mountain Sweet Briar. Fl. June, July. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 96 R. micra'ntha (Smith, engl. bot. 2490.) prickles hooked, scattered, nearly uniform ; leaflets ovate, doubly serrated, hairy, glandular beneath ; sepals pinnate ; fruit elliptic, rather bristly, con- tracted at the summit ; stems strag- gling, fj . H. Native of Britain, in hedges and thickets, chiefly in the south of England. R. rubiginosa /3, micrantha, Lindl. ros. p. 87. with erroneous synonyms. Leaves sweet-scented. Flowers small, pale red. Small-Jlowered Sweet Briar. Fl. June, July. Britain. Sh. 4 to 5 ft. 97 R. se'pium (Thuil. fl. par. 252. Borr. in engl. bot. suppl. t. 2653.) prickles slender; branches flexuous ; leaflets shining, acute at both ends ; flowers usually solitary ; 8 FIG. 75. ,*.A| -.■--: %M~ fruit polished ; sepals pinnate, with very narrow segments. Tj , H. Native of Europe, in hedges ; in England near Bridport, Warwickshire. Flowers small, pink. R. Helvetica and R. myrtifolia. Hall. R. canina /J, D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. no. 3617. R. agrestis, Savi. fl. pis. 1. p. 474. R. biserritta. R. macro- carpa and R. stipularis, Mer. fl. par. 190. ex Desv. (f. 75.) Hedge Briar. Fl. June, July. Britain. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 98 R. pulverule'nta (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 399.) br.inches glandular ; leaflets prninose on both surfaces ; prickles recurved, dilated at the base ; fruit ovate, and are as well as the peduncles hispid. Tj . H. Native of Caucasus, on hills about Narza. Flowers solitary, pale red, almost sessile. Leaves grey, with glands on both surfaces. Vat. ft, eriocarpa (Scr. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 617.) leaflets oval, doubly serrated ; fruit smooth. R. pulverulenta, Lyell. in Lindl. ros. p. 93. Powdery Briar. Fl. Jime, July. Clt. 1817. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 99 R. uncine'lla (Bess, ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 552.) prickles of the brandies scattered, recurved ; petioles ratlier prickly ; leaflets pubescent beneath, doubly serrated, glandidar on both surfaces ; fruit oblong, and are as well as the peduncles gla- brous. Tj . H. Native of Volhynia and Tauria. Small -hooked Briar. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 100 R. caryophylla'cea (Bess. enum. p. 19.) prickles of branches equal, recurved, scattered; petioles nearly unarmed ; leaflets doubly serrated, glandular on both surfaces, and hoary beneath ; fruit oblong, glabrous as well as the peduncles. T? . H. Native of Podolia, Volhynia, and Iberia. R. rubig nosee var. /x caryophyllacea, Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 617. Clove-scented Briar. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 101 R. Ibe'rica (Stev. in Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. 343.) caidine prickles scattered, hooked, dilated at the base ; petioles glan- dular and prickly ; leaflets broad ovate, glandularly biserrated, and beset with glands on both surfaces ; fruit ovate, smooth, or with a few bristles as well as the peduncles. fj . H. Native of Eastern Iberia, about the town of Krzchinval. Very nearly allied to R. pulverulenta according to Bieberstein. Iberian Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. 102 R. inodo'ra (Fries, nov. fl. suec. 9.) stem very prickly; leaflets oblong, clammy and glandular beneath ; fruit oblong, and are as well as the peduncles glabrous. Tj . H. Native of the north of Holland. Leaves scentless. Sepals reflexed, pin- nate. Fruit oblong-ovate, purple. Said to be the same as R. Borreri, no. 122. Scentless Briar. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 103 R. cuspidata (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 396.) prickles strong, hooked, dilated at the base, scattered ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acute, villous on both surfaces, glandular beneath ; flowers co- rymbose ; sepals pinnate, ending in a narrow serrated point ; fruit ovate, and are as well as the peduncles hispid. Ij . H. Native of Tauria, about Kisljar. Flowers white. Fruit dark purple. Cuspidate-%e^a\\eA Briar. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 104 R. GLUTiNosA (Smith, fl. gra?c. prod. 1. p. 348. fl. grtcc. t. 482.) branches pilose ; prickles numerous, falcate ; leaflets roundish, coarsely serr.ated, hoary, glandular and viscid on both surfaces; fruit and pedimcles beset with stiff" bristles. Tj . H. Native on Mount Parnassus ; of Sicily, and Candia, on the moun- tains. R. rubigint>sa Cretica, Red. ros. 1. p. 93. and p. 125. t. 47. R. rubiginosa spha^rocarpa, Desv. journ. bot. 1813. t. 118. Cupan. pamph. ed. 1. t. 61. Flowers pale blush. Sepals sub- pinnate. Fruit scarlet. Clammy Briar. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. Shrub 2 to 3 ft. 105 R. agre'stis (Swartz ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 553.) prickles of branches scattered, recurved ; petioles unarmed, villous, and ROSACE/E. XXII. HosA. 579 glandular; leaflets equally serrated, villous and glandular be- neath ; germens oblouLt, and are, as well as the peduneles, quite glabrous. Ij.H. Native of .Sweden. Field Briar. .Shrub G feet. 106 R. rsEu'DO-RUBiciNosA (Lejeunc, fl. spa. 1. p. 229.) stem and petioles armed with recurved prickles ; leaflets ovate-ob- long, beset with glandular pili, covered with rusty glands beneath and on the margins; fruit roundish, hispid. l^ . H. Native of France near Malmedy. Sepals pinnate. Petals red. False-rusty Rose or False Sweet Briar. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 107 R. Wolfgangia'na (Bess. enum. p. CI. and p. 67.) leaf- lets Iiardly glandidar ; styles very long, pubescent above ; pe- duncles hisjiid from glandular bristles ; fruit elongated, con- tracted at the neck, nearly naked, pear-shaped, with hardly any glandular bristles at the base. I; . H. Native of Podolia, in a wood near Wiehlor. li'ol/gange's Briar. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 108 R. DiMORPiiA (Bess, ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 200.) prickles of branches scattered and recurved ; petioles prickly and pubescent ; leaflets pubescent on both surfaces ; peduncles short, crowded, thickly beset with glandular bristles, as well as the germens, which are ovate and contracted at both ends ; calyx thickly beset with glands. h . H. Native of Podolia. Tno-formed Briar. Shrub 5 to C feet. 109 R. WiLLDENovii (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 547.) prickles on the branches opposite, a little recurved ; petioles villous, un- armed ; leaflets oblong, narrow, equ.illy serrulated, villous be- neath, and full of resinous dots ; bracteas adpressed ; peduncles short, solitary, glabrous, as well as the ovate fruit. I; . H. Na- tive of Siberia. R. microphylla, Willd. herb. R. areniiria, Bieb. et Stev. in Willd. herb, ex Spreng. 1. c. H'illdenoiv's Briar. Shrub 4 to (i feet. 110 R. Klu'kii (Bess. cat. hort. crem. 1816. suppl. 4. p. 19. Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. 343.) cauline prickles strong, compressed, dilated at the base, recurved ; petioles villous and prickly ; leaflets small, elliptic, acute, sharply biserrated, with the scrratures glandular, villous above, but rusty and glandular beneath ; peduncles and fruit beset with glandular bristles. I; . H. Na- tive of Tauria. R. rubiginosa, Bieb. fl. taur. no. 979. exclusive of the synonyms. R. floribiinda, Stev. and R. balsamea, Bess. Flowers pink. Allied to li. rubiginosa, according to Bieberstein, but according to Besser to R. alba. Khdis Sweet-briar. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1819. Sh. 5 to 6 ft. 111 R. floribu'nda (Bess. hort. crem. ex Spreng. syst. append, but not of Steven.) prickles of branches strong, re- curved ; petioles prickly and villous ; leaflets doubly serrated, wrinkled, glandular beneath and on the margins, as well as pu- bescent ; peduncles aggregate, clothed with glandular pili, as well as the elliptic-oblong fruit. ^ . H. Native of Podolia. Bundle-Jlomered Briar. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 112 R. MoNTEZu'iL^E (Humb. et Bonpl. in Red. ros. 1. p. 55. t. 16.) petioles armed with little hooked prickles ; branches unarmed ; leaflets ovate, sharply serrated, glabrous ; flowers solitary, terminal ; tube of calyx elliptic, and is as well as the peduncles glabrous. Tj . H. Native of Mexico, on the chain of Porphyry mountains, which bound the valley of Mexico on the north, at the elevation of 1416 toises, on the top of Cerro Ventosa, near the mine of San Pedro. Flowers pale red. Sepals compound, dilated at the end. Montezuma's Briar. Fl. June. Jul. Clt. 1825. Sb. 4 to 6 ft. Sect. IX. Cani NjE (from canis, a dog; because Ji. canina is commonly called Dog-rose. The name is applied to this sec- tion because all the species contained in it agree in char.ictcr with R. canina). Lindl. ros. 97. Prickles equal, hooked. Leaflets ovate, glandless or glandular, with the serratures con- niving. .Sepals deciduous (f. 76. g.). Disk thickened, closing the throat. Larger surculi arched. 11,3 K. Cauca'sia (Pall. ross. t. 11.) prickles strong, re- curved ; leaflets soft, ovate ; calyx and peduncles hispid ; sepals simple ; fruit smooth ? I; . H. Native of Iberia. Lindl. ros. p. 97. t. 1 1. R. leucantha, Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. 351. ? Flowers large, growing in l)unches, white or pale red. Caucasian Dog-rose. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1798. Sh. 10 to 12 ft. 114 R. cilia'to-pe'tala (Bess. enum. GO.) leaflets lanceolate; petals ciliated. Ij.Il. Native of Lithuania. 'I'liis ))lantdifl[ers from R. villusa in the lower slipulas being blunt, and in the ribs being prickly ; from /f. Caucasia in the leaflets being rounder, in the sepals being more dilated, in the flowers being redder, and the petals being ciliated. Ciliated-] etalled Rose. Shrub. 115 R. cANfNA (Lin. spec. 704.) prickles strong, hooked; leaflets simply serrated, pointed, quite smooth ; sepals i)innate ; fruit ovate, smooth, or rather bristly, like the aggregate flower stalks. Ij . H. Native throughout Europe and the north of Africa ; plentiful in Britain, in hedges, woods, and thickets. Smith, engl. bot. 992. Fl. dan. 555. Curt.lond. 299. Lawr. ros. tt. 21. 29. R. dumalis, Bechst. forstb. 241. et 939. ex Rau. R. Andegavensis, Bat. fl. main, et loir. 189. Red. ros. 2. p. 9. t. 3. R. glaiica, Lois, in Desv. journ. ? R. arvensis, .Schranck, fl. mon. R. glaucescens, Mer. par. R. nftens, Mer. I. c. R. Teneriflensis, Donn, hort. cant. ed. 8. p. 169. R. senticosa, Achar. acad. handl. 34. p. 91. t. 3. Flowers rather large, pale red, seldom white. Fruit ovate, bright scarlet, of a peculiar and very grateful flavour, especially if made into a conserve with sugar. The pulp of the fruit, besides saccharine matter, contains citric acid, which gives it an acid taste. The pidp before it is used should be carefully cleared from the seeds. Far. fi, surculosa {\\oods. in Lin. trans. 12. p. 228.) differs from the species in having remarkably strong shoots, bearing sometimes great plenty of flowers. Jar. y, niida (Woods. I.e. p. 205.) is more doubtful than the last, having the calyx tube globose and the prickles nearly straight. Gathered by Mr. Woods at Ambleside. I'ar. c, acipliijlla (Lindl. ros. p. 99.) dwarf; leaves smooth on both surfaces ; flowers smaller than those of the species, fj . H. Native of Germany, about Wircebourg. R. aciphylla, Rau, 69. with a figure. Red. ros. 2. p. 31. t. 13. I'ar. £, Egtjptiaca (Lindl. ros. p. 99.) leaflets broad ovate, coarsely serrated, glabrous on both surfaces ; receptacle elon- gated, fj . H. Native of Egypt. R. I'ndica, Forsk. aegyp. descr. 113. Var. Z, Burboniana (Desv. journ. bot. 1813.) leaflets ovate, rather cordate, simply toothed ; flowers purple, semidouble ; petals rather concave ; sepals undivided. R. Gallica Burbonica, Red. ros. 1. p. 74. Var. ri, nltens (Desv. journ. bot. 1813. p. 114.) petioles smoothish ; leaflets ovate, acute, same colour on both surfaces, smooth and shining ; fruit ovate, and are as well as the peduncles smooth. 1; . H. Native of France and Switzerland. Ser. mel. 1. p. 43. R. nitens, Desv. in Mer. fl. par. p. 192. Var. H,obtusif ilia {Desv. journ. bot. 1813. p. 15.) petioles puberulous, usually glandular ; leaflets ovaie-roundish, acumin- ated, the same colour on both surfaces, and rather pilose be- neath ; fruit ovate, and arc as well as the peduncles glabrous. R. obtusifolia, Desv. journ. bot. 2. p. 1809. p. 317. R. leu- cantha, Lois. bot. 180"2. Bast, suppl. 32. D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 535. but not of Bieb. I'ar. I, glaucescens (Desv. journ. bot. 1813. p. 114.) prickles slender ; petioles glabrous ; leaflets ovate, smooth on both sur- faces, glaucous beneath ; fruit ovate-globose, and are as well as the i>eduncles glabrous. J? . H. Native of France. R. glau- 4 E 2 580 ROSACEA. XXII. Rosa. cescens, Desv. in Mer. fl. par. 192. R. canma glauca, Desv. journ. bot. 1813. p. 110. Var. K, Schottiana (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 116.) branches rugged, unarmed ; stipulas and petioles glabrous and hispid ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, glabrous, glaucescent beneath ; fruit ovate, smooth ; peduncles hispid. h . H. Native of Podolia. R. glaiica, Schott, ex. Besser. enum. 64. Var. X, jnlosiusctda (Desv. journ. bot. 1813. p. 115.) branches prickly ; petioles tomentose and hispid ; leaflets ovate, acute, puberulous beneath and smoothish above ; fruit ovate, smoothish; peduncles hispid. R. liumilis, Bess, suppl. cat. crem. 4. R. nitidula, Bess. enum. p. 20. and 61. R. Friedlanderiana, Besser. enum. 46. 60. G3. R. collina. Ran, enum. no. 163. Jar. fi,fastigiata {T)esv. '}ourn. bot. 1813. p. 114.) prickles strong ; petioles puberulous ; leaflets ovate, acute, puberulous beneath ; fruit ovate, smooth ; peduncles iiispid. t^ . H. Na- tive of France. R. fastigiata. Bast, suppl. .'iO. D. C. fr. 5. p. 535. Red. ros. 2. p. 3. witli a figure. R. stylosa ft, Desv. journ. bot. 2. p. 317. Stales approximate, but not joined. Far. )', hispida (Desv. journ. bot. 1813. p. 114.) branches prickly ; petioles smoothish ; leaflets ovate, acute, about the same colour on both surfaces, glabrous; fruit ovate, and are as well as the peduncles hispid. R. canina, var. lanceolata grandi- dentata and ovoidalis, Desv. ]. c. p. 114. and p. 115. R. An- degavensis, Bast. ess. 189. suppl. 29. D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 539. Red. ros. 2. p. 9. with a figure. R. sempervirens. Bast. ess. p. 188. Rau, enum. 120. Lindl. ros. p. 142. but not of Lin. /'ar. ^, ?H?(?rc)f«;79a (Desv. journ. bot. 1813. p. 115.) leaflets oblong-lanceolate, velvety beneath ; fruit smaller, ovate, gla- brous, fj . H. Native of France. Far. 0, Meratiana (Ser. in D.C. prod. 2. p. 614.) prickles strongly arched, and are as well as the petioles glabrous ; leaflets broad, biserrated, glabrous ; flowers usually solitary ; fruit large. fj. H. Native about Paris. R. biserrata, Mer. fl. par. 190. Red. ros. 3. p. 27. with a figure. Perhaps the same as R. canina fulgaris. Far. IT, ambigua (Desv. journ. bot. 1813. p. 114.) prickles straight ; leaflets ovate-roundish, and are as well as the petioles glabrous ; flowers solitary or tern ; fruit ovate-globose, and is as well as the peduncles smooth. h . H. Native about Mal- medy, in France. R. Malmundiariensis, Lejeune, fl. spa. 1. p. 231. Red. ros. p. 34. with a figure. Far. p, squarrosa (Rau, enum. 77.) petioles and primary nerves of leaves glandular ; prickles straightish, strong, and much crowded ; leaflets doubly serrated. Ij . H. Native of Germany. R. canina ft, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 400. ex Rau, 1. c. Far. er, riibifora (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 614.) prickles strong, and are, as well as the petioles, rather puberulous, rarely hispid ; leaflets large, the same colour on both surfaces, smooth, and simply serrated; flowers usually solitary, about the size of those of Rilbus Ulceus; peduncles and fruit smooth. Tj . H. Native about Geneva. Common Dog Rose. Fl. June, July. Britain. Sh. 6 to 8 ft. 116 R. Forste'ri (Smith, engl. fl. 2. p. 392.) prickles scat- tered, conical, hooked; leaflets simply serrated, smooth above, but hairy on the ribs beneath ; sepals doubly pinnate ; fruit el- liptical, smooth, like the aggregate flower stalks. I7 . H. Na- tive of Europe, in hedges; plentiful in England. Borr. in engl. bot. suppl. 261 1. R. collina ft and y, Woodv. in Lin. trans. 12. p. 392. Flowers pale red. Forstcr's Dog-rose. Fl. June, July. Britain. Sh. 0 to 8 ft. 117 R. Gmelini (Bunge in Led. fl. alt. 2. p. 229.) fruit ovate, glabrous: peduncles hispid; sepals ovate, acuminated, undivid- ed, glandular, and prickly ; flower-bearing branches almost un- armed, young sterile ones very prickly ; prickles setaceous, un- equal ; petioles clothed with glandular down ; leaflets 5-7, ob- FIG. 76. ovate -oblong, simply serrated, pubescent, and glandless beneath. h^ . H. Native of Siberia. R. canina, Sievers in Pall. nord. beytr. 7. Petals deep rose-coloured, shorter than the sepals, emarginate. Gmelhls Dog-rose. Fl. June, July. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 118 R. DUMETORUM (Thuill. fl. par. 250. Woods in Lin. trans. 12. p. 217.) prickles numerous, scattered, hooked ; leaflets sim- ply serrated, hairy on both surfaces ; sepals pinnate, deciduous ; peduncles aggregate, slightly hairy ; fruit elliptical, smooth, as tall as the bracteas. I; . H. Native of Europe, in hedges. In England in the southern counties, seldom in any abundance. Borr. in engl. bot. suppl. 2610. R. leucantha ft acutifblia. Bast, in D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 535. R. sepium, Borkh. ex Rau, enum. 79. R. solsticialis, Bess. prim. fl. gall. 324. R. corymbifera, Gmel. fl. bad. als. 2. p. 427. Synonymes from Lindl. and Ser. Flowers reddish. Thicket Dog-rose. Fl. Ju. July. Britain. Sh. 4 to 6 feet. 119 R. BRACTESCENS (Woods. in Lin. trans. 12. p. 216.) prickles aggregate, hooked ; leaflets ovate, almost simply serrated, downy beneath ; bracteas rising much above the fruit ; sepals pinnate, deciduous ? peduncles aggregate, occasionally rather hairy ; fruit globose, smooth. Tj . H. Native of England, in hedges, about Ulverton, Lancashire, and Ambleton, Westmore- land. Flowers flesh-coloured. Braciescent Dog-rose. Fl. Ju. July. England, Sh. 6 to 7 ft. 120 R. sarmenta'cea (Swar.tz, mss. Woods, in Lin. trans. 12. p. 213.) prickles hooked ; leaflets ovate, doubly serrated, smooth, glandular ; peduncles aggregate, smooth or minutely bristly ; se- pals pinnate, deciduous ; fruit broadly elliptic, naked. fj . H. Native of Europe, in hedges and bushy places common ; plentiful in Britain. Borr. in engl. bot. supp. 2595. R. glaucophylla, Winch, distri. 45. R. canina, fl. germ. 2. p. 560. Curt, fasc. 5. t. 34. Flowers pink, fragrant. Fruit scarlet, as grateful to the palate probably as that of R. canina, with which this equally common plant is generally confounded. Sarmentaceous T>og-\-ose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Britain. Sh. 8 to 10 ft. 121 R. c^'sia (Smith, engl. bot. t. 2367.) prickles hooked, uniform ; leaflets elliptical, somewhat doubly serrated, glaucous, hairy beneath, without glands ; sepals distantly pinnate, decidu- ous ; flower-stalks smooth, solitary ; fruit elliptical, smooth. 1; . H. Native of Scotland, in the highland valleys, but rare ; at Taymilt, in Mid-Lorn, Argyleshire; and in Strath Tay between Dunkeld and Aberfeldic, and by the side of Loch Tay. R. canina pubescens, Afz. ros. suec. tent. 1. p. 2. R. canina ^ cae'sia, Lindl. ros. p. 99. Flowers of an uniform carnation hue, occa- sionally white. Grey Dog-rose. Fl. July. Scotland. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 122 R. Borre'ri (Woods. Lin. trans. 12. p. 210.) prickles hooked ; leaflets ovate, doubly serrated, hairy, without glands ; sepals pinnate, often doubly pinnate, deciduous; flower-stalks aggregate, hairy ; fruit elliptical, smooth. Ij . H. Native of Britain, in hedges and thickets. R. dumetorum, Smith, engl. bot. 2579. R. rubiginosa .&, Lindl. ros. 88. R. rubiginosa inodora, Hook. loud. t. 117. R. sepium, Borkh. ex Rau, enum. 90 ? but not of Thuill. R. aflPinis, Rau, enum. 79. R. unci- nella ft, Besser. enum. 04. ? Flowers pale red. Fruit deep scarlet. geogr Roth, lond. KOSACE/li:. XXII. Rosa. 581 Borrer's Dog-rose. Fl. June, July. Britain. Sli. 6 to 10 ft. 123 R. colli'na (Jaccj. fl. austr. t. 1!I7.) prickles hooked ; leaflets rouiulisli, simply serrated, sniootii above, hut clothed with hoary pubescence beneath ; flower-stalks af;u;rc^atc, bristly ; fruit smooth. Ij . H. Native of Austria and other parts of Europe. Red. ros. 2. p. 13. t. 5. R. frutetorum, Bess. enum. 18G0. R. umbellata, Leys. pal. 1-35. R. fastigiata, Bat. fl. main, et loir, suppl. 30. R. platyphylla, Ran, enum. 82. R. psilophylla, Rau, 1. e. p. 191. Sepals pinnate, deciduous, bristly. Flowers ])ink. Peduncles beset with glandular bristles. Hill Dog-rose. Fl. June, July. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 124 R. Ba'i.tica (Roth, nov. spec. pi. 231.) leaflets oblong- ovate, obtuse, simply serrated ; petioles nearly imarnied, pilose; tube of calyx globose, with its base and peduncles beset with glandular bristles ; sepals nearly simple, covered with rusty glandular bristles on the outside ; bracteas coloured. ^ . H, Native near Rostock by the sea side. Flowers pale red. Baltic Dog-rose. F'l. June, July. Shrub 5 to G feet. 125 R. Jundzi'llii (Bess. Cat. hort. crem. 1810.) prickles of branches few, recurved ; petioles prickly, and covered with glan- dular villi ; leaflets glandularly biserrated, glaucescent beneath, and rather villous ; fruit ovate, hispid at the base ; peduncles hispid. T; . H. Native of Volhynia, Tauria, and Caucasus. R. Jundzilliana, Bess. enum. p. 46, Gl,and G7. R. glandulosa and R. nitidula, Bess. Jundzill's Dog-rose. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 126 R. TLRBiNELLA (Swartz, ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 554.) prickles of branches few, and a little recurved ; petioles un- armed, villous ; leaflets equally toothed, clothed with hoary villi beneath ; sepals entire, villous, elongated ; germens globose, de- pressed, and are, as well as the aggregate peduncles, glabrous. Ij . H. Native of Sweden. Small-turhan-fruhed Dog-rose. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 127 R. VENOSA (Swartz ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 554.) prickles of branches scattered, strong, and recurved ; petioles unarmed, glabrous ; leaflets doubly serrated, veiny, quite glabrous, glau- cescent beneath ; sepals elongated, a little cut, with the margins tomentose ; germens ovate, and are, as well as the peduncles, glabrous. ^ . H. Native of Sweden. ^einy-leaved Dog-rose. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 128 R. coRiiFOLiA (Fries, ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 554.) prickles of branches scattered, recurved ; petioles unarmed, villous ; leaf- lets coriaceous, opaque, unequally serrated, villous beneath ; peduncles solitary, short, glabrous ; germens globose, glabrous. }} . H. Native of Denmark. R. crassifolia, Liljebl. Hide-leaved Dog-rose. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 129 R. Swa'rtzii (Fries, in Billberg Svensk, hot. ex Schrad. neuve entd. 3. p. 219.) germens ovate, and peduncles smooth ; branches and petioles beset w ith recurved scattered prickles ; leaflets glabrous on both surfaces, shining, unequally and glan- dularly serrated ; styles exserted. Ij . H. Native of the south of Sweden. Allied to R. camna. Snartz's Dog-rose. Fl. June, July. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 130 R. saxa'tius (Stev. in Bieb. fl. taur. p. 349.) germens ovate, and are, as well as the peduncles, hispitl ; cauline prickles scattered, strong, compressed, recurved ; petioles clothed with glandular villi, prickly ; leaflets largish, unequally and sharply serrated, smoothish on both surfaces, paler beneath ; the serra- tures somewhat duplicate ; flowers corymbose. Ij . H. Native of Tauria. Allied to R. camna. Rock Dog-rose. Fl. June, July. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 131 R. RUBRiFoLiA (Vill. dauph. 3. p. 549.) prickles small, distant ; leaflets ovate, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous, opaque, discoloured ; sepals narrow, entire ; fruit ovate- ■, Fraseriana (Hortul. Loud. hort. brit. p. 211.) a hybrid with double pink flowers. Var. X, ruga (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1389.) flowers double blush, changing to white, sweet-scented. The ruga-rose is a hybrid, raised between the sweet-scented Chi7iese-rose and R. arvensis. Jar. 0), ochroleuca ; flowers double, large, cream-coloured, without any scent. This variety was introduced from China in 1824 by Mr. Parks, and is figured in the thirteenth volume of the Botanical Register. It is commonly called the yellow Chinese rose. ■f Garden varieties referrible either to R. I'ndica or R. semper- florens. alba. lie de vin. animating. lucida. atronigra. major. Bengale a Bouquet. minor. Bengale ii Ft. Panache. monstrosa. Bengale Blcmche, moonshine. bichonia. nigra. carnescens. purpurea. ventifolia. san guinea. cerise eclalante. sans epine. chiffonee. subalba. cucidlata. Terneaux, elegans. Thisbe. Florida. Veloutee, sigantea. Indian Rose, Monthly Rose, Blush or Common China Rose. Fl. year. Clt. 1789. Shrub 4 to 20 feet. 135 R. SEMPERFLORENs (Curt. bot. luag. 284.) branches dark green, armed with scattered compressed hooked prickles, and a very few glands ; leaflets 3-5, ovate-lanceolate, crenate-serrat- ed, shining above, glaucous and slightly pubescent beneath, deeply stained with purple ; petioles glandular, and slightly se- tigerous ; sepals compound, narrow ; fruit spherical. ^ . H. Native of China. Lawr. ros. t. 23. Smith, exot. bot. 2. p. 91. .Tacq. schoenbr. 3. p. 281. R. diversifolia. Vent, eels, t. 35. R. Bengalensis, Pers. ench. 2. p. 50. R. I'ndica, Red. ros. 1. p. 49. t. 13. p. 123. t. 46. and 2. p. 37. t. 10. Flowers soli- tary, single or semidouble, deep crimson. There are some very splendid varieties of this species witli semidouble crimson flowers in our gardens, and the French appear to have some others still more beautiful, which have not yet been imported. Ever-Jlo7ilatiphijlla (Red. ros. 2. p. 69. with a figure,) leaflets broader; flowers large, double, purple, clustered, clianging colour as they fade. I; . H. Lindl. bot. reg. 1372. R. Thoryi, Tratt. ros. 2. p. 85. R. Grevillei and R. Roxburghii, Hort. Var. Z, Boursoultii (Hort.) flowers small, double, pink, clus- tered. The garden roses known under the names of R. Fra- seriana, R. purptirea, and R. hyacinthhia are slight varieties of this. Many-Jloivered Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1804. Sh. cl. 145 R. BuiNONii (Lindl. ros. p. 120. t. 14.) branches, lanceo- late leaflets, and calyxes tomentose and glandular ; stipulas ser- rated ; prickles strong, scattered, hooked ; sepals entire ; styles hairy. 1^ . H. Native of Nipaul. R. Brownii, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 556' Leaves simply serrated. Flowers in terminal bunches white or pale red. Var. ft, nmliuscula (Lindl. in bot. reg. 829.) leaflets oblong, acute, glabrous ; petioles, pedicels, and calyxes glandular. Jar. y, Nipallnsis (Lindl. 1. c.) leaflets ovate-lanceolate, dis- tant ; petals acute; pedicels and calyxes glandular. Var. <", arborea (Lindl. I. c.) stem arboreotis ; leaves firmer, pubescent beneath. I; . H. Native of Persia. R. arborea, Pers. encii. 2. p. 50. Shrub upright. BronnsMoie. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. Shrub rambling. 146 R. moscii.v'ta (Mill. diet. no. 13.) branches very sparing- Iv "landular, almost naked ; prickles strong, hooked, scattered : 584 ROSACEA. XXII. Rosa. leaflets elliptic, acuminated, glaucous beneath, with the serra- tures connivent ; stipulas entire ; sepals compound, acuminated ; styles liairy ; pedicels glandular, downy, like the ovate tube, and reflexed sepals ; fruit small, red. Ij . H. Native of tlie north of Africa, extending across the continent from Egypt to Mogodor, and thence to Madeira. Jacq. schoonbr. 3. t. 280. Lawr. ros. tt. 53 and 64. Jacq. fragm. 31. t. 34. f. 3. Red. ros. 1. p. 33. t. 5. p. 99. t. 35. R. opsostemma, Ehrh. beitr. 2. p. 72. R. glandulifcra, Roxb. Cymes very numerous, many-flowered, corymbose, with hairy ramifications. Flowers pure white, witli a slight scent of musk. The Persian attar of roses is obtained from this species. l^ar. (i, multiplex ; flowers double, white, sweet-scented, with the claws of the petals yellow. Jar. y, nudiilscula (Lindl. ros. p. 122.) leaflets oblong, acute, glabrous ; petioles, pedicels, and calyxes glandular. I'ar. 0, «?uca (Lindl. hot. reg. 861.) leaflets 3-5, large, ovate- cordale ; flowers corymbose ; peduncles and calyxes hispid ; petals white, with a tinge of blush, large, obcordate. T? . H. R. ufvea, Dupont, but not of D. C. R. moschata ji, rosea, Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 598. MuskRo%e. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1596. Shrub rambling. 147 R. EVRATiNA (Bosc. diet. Poir. suppl. 714.) branches and petioles almost unarmed ; leaflets 3-5, oval, obtuse, nearly equally toothed, green above, paler and rather glaucous beneath ; stipulas with 2 sharp teeth ; flowers in bunches, terminal, almost umbellate ; peduncles bristly and glandular ; sepals entire, acute ; gerniens ovate, hispid. \ . H. Native of Carolina. Flowers large, pale red. Evratine Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Shrub. 148 R. RtiBiFOLiA (Brown, in Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 260.) branches glabrous, armed with scattered, falcate prickles; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, serrated, green and shining above, but paler and downy beneath, with the serratures divaricate ; pe- tioles glabrous, with a few prickles ; stipulas entire, fringed with glands ; styles downy. T; . H. Native of North America. Peduncles and calyxes glabrous, the former glandular. Flowers small, pale red, about 3 together. Fruit about the size of a pea, round and naked. Var. /3, macrophijlla (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 599.) flowers twin or in fascicles, large, rose-coloured, approximate. R. ru- bifolia, Red. ros. 3. p. 71. with a figure. f ar. y, fcnestralis {Li'md]. ros. p. 125. t. 15.) flowers solitary; leaflets smaller, smooth on both surfaces. Tj . H. R. fenes- trata, Donn, hort. cant. ed. 8. p. 170. Bramhk-lcaved Rose. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. Sect. XI. Banksia'n.e (so called in consequence of all the species contained in this section agreeing in character with R. Banks'ice). Lind. ros. p. 125. Stipulas nearly free, subulate, or very narrow, usually deciduous. Leaves usually ternate, shining. Stems climbing. The species of this section are re- markable for their long, graceful, often climbing shoots, droop- ing white flowers, and ternate shining leaves. They are parti- cularly distinguished by their deciduous, subulate, or very narrow stipulas. Their fruit is very variable. R. Injstrix has seti- gerous branches and R, settgera has united styles. 149 R. LvEviga'ta (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 295.) stipulas linear- lanceolate, half adnate ; leaflets shining, glabrous; prickles scattered, falcate ; petioles unarmed ; fruit muricated ; sepals entire, permanent, fj . H. Native of Georgia, in shady woods. Peduncles and tube of calyx beset with dense, weak, unequal bristles, also the back of the sepals. Flowers solitary, large, white. Smooth Rose. Shrub cl. 150 R. Si'nica (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 261. Lindl. ros. p. 126. t. 16.) stipulas setaceous, deciduous; cauline prickles equal, falcate ; petioles and ribs of leaves prickly ; peduncles and fruit beset with straight bristles ; sepals entire, permanent. ^ . H. Native of China. Hook. hot. mag. 2847. R. trifoliata, Bosc. diet, ex Poir. R. ternata, Poir. suppl. 6. p. 284. R. Cherokeensis, Donn, hort. cant. ed. 8. p. 170. R. nivea, D. C. hort. monsp. 137. Red. ros. 2. p. 81. with a figure. Flowers white, solitary. F"ruit elliptic, orange red. Disk conical. Three-leaved CAjna Rose. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1759. Sh. rambling. 151 R. RECURVA (Roxb. fl. ind. ined. Lindl. ros. p. 127.) stipulas subulate ; leaflets 5-9, ovate-lanceolate, acutely serrated, smooth ; petioles prickly ; fruit muricated. ^ . ^. G. Native of Nipaul. Flowers white ? Branches armed with strong re- curved prickles. Recurved-Y>rick]eA Rose. Shrub climbing. 152 R. seti'gera (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 295.) stipulas subulate ; petioles rough from little setae and little recurved prickles ; leaflets 3, rarely 5, acutely serrated, smooth ; peduncles setigerous ; sepals pinnatifid and setigerous ; fruit muricated; stem with 1-3 recurved prickles beneath the stipulas. Ij . H. Native of North America. Flowers numerous, sometimes soli- tary, rose-coloured. The united styles distinguish it from all the other species of this section. Setigerous Rose. Shrub. 153 R. hy'strix (Lindl. ros. p. 129- t. 17.) prickles on branches vmequal, crowded, larger ones falcate, small ones straight ; stipulas very narrow, united half way, the free part deciduous ; leaflets 3, smooth, ovate, shining, simply serrated, with a few prickles on the middle nerve ; sepals nearly entire, permanent ; fruit bristly. Ij . H. Native of China, in the province of Kiangsi, and of Japan. Branches flagelliform. Flowers large, solitary. Fruit large, oblong, purple. Porcupine Rose. Shrub rambling. 154 R. microca'rpa (Lindl. ros. 130. t. 18.) cauline prickles hooked, scattered ; stipulas subulate ; petioles downy or naked ; leaflets 3-5, ovate-lanceolate, naked, crenate-serrated ; flowers corymbose, with smooth peduncles; fruit pea-formed, unarmed. Tj . H. Native of China, in the province of Canton. Flowers very numerous, small, white. Small-fruited Rose. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1822. Sh.rambl. 155 R. triphy'lla (Roxb. fl. ind. ex Lindl. ros. p. 138.) shrub climbing and armed ; leaves ternate; leaflets lanceolate. I7 . ^. F. Native of China. Perhaps the same as B. micro- cdrpa, or a variety of R. Sinica. Three-leaved Rose. Shrub cl. 156 R. Ba'nksi;e (Brown, in Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 258.) branches unarmed; stipulas subulate, rather hairy; leaflets 3-5, glabrous, except at the base of the middle nerve, oblong-lanceolate, simply serrated ; sepals ovate, entire ; fruit unarmed. h.^.U. Native of China. Sims, bot. mag. 1954. Red. ros. 2. p. 43. with a figure. Lindl. in bot. reg. 397. R. Banksiana, Abel. chin. 160. R. inermis, Roxb.? Flowers drooping, numerous, small, white and very double, with a weak but very pleasant scent. Far. /3, liilea (Lindl. bot. reg. 1105.) flowers double yellow. An elegant shrub wlien in flower. Lady Banks's Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1807. Sh. cl. 157 R. FRAGARi/EFLORA (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 601.) stem prickly ; leaflets petiolulate, ovate, acuminated, entire ; flowers corymbose, white ; peduncles and calyxes smooth ; sepals entire ; stipulas solitary ? basilar, h . ^. G. Native of China. — Braan. icon. chin. 1821. t. 28. Flowers the size and colour of those of Fragaria vesca. Strawherry-flowcrcd Rose. Shrub cl. ROSACE^E. XXII. Rosa. 585 158 R. AMYGDALIFOLIA (.Scv. ill I). C. ]>ro(I. 2. p. 601.) branches prickly ; leaves trifoliate, exstipulate .' ; leaflets oblong- lanceolate, entire, acute ; Howers lateral, solitary ; peduncles and calyxes Iiispid ; petals loiiijer than the calyx, white ; styles combined into a long, filiform eolunui. I^ . G. Native of China. — Braan. icon. chin. t. 19. Sepals broad, acute. Fruit ovate, large. Almond-leaved Rose. Shrub cl. t Sjiccics not sufficiently A-how-ii. 159 R. Hispa'kica (Mill. diet. no. 7.) leaves villous on both surfaces ; sepals acutely serrated ; fruit glabrous. li . H. Na- tive of Spain. Mill. Prickles strong. Flowers hrigiit red. Spanish Rose. Fl. May. Clt. ? Shrub !■ feet. IGO R. xakthi'na (Lindl. ros. p. I,'i2.) very like li. spino- sissima, except in having no seta;, and double flowers the colour of those of R. sulphiirea. h . F. Native of China. Ke//o?!'i47( -flowered Rose. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 161 R. agre'stis (Gniel. fl. bad. als. 2. p. 416.) germens almost globose, and are as well as the peduncles hispid ; leaflets round, obtuse, clothed with white tomentum beneath ; stem prickly ; prickles imequal, straight ; flowers solitary. Ij . H. Native of Alsatia, in calcareous soil, in fields. Flowers large, white. Fruit roundish, smooth, red. Perhaps allied to R. tomentbsa. Field Hose. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 162 R. Lyoxti (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 315.) germens subglobose, glabrous ; peduncles hispid ; petioles rather prickly ; stem glabrous ; prickles scattered, straight ; leaflets 3-5, ovate- oblong, acute, serrated, smoothish above, tomcntose beneath ; uppermost leaves simple ; flowers usually tern ; stipulas linear ; sepals tomentose, linear, liardly jagged. Ij . H. Native of Te- nessee. Flowers pale red. Leaves small, with coloured veins. Evidently related to R. Carolina. Lyons Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Shrub 3 to t feet. 163 R. Pollinia'na (.Spreng. pi. min. cogn. pug. 2. p. 66.) tube of calyx ovate, and is, as well as the peduncles and pe- tioles, beset with glandular bristles ; leaflets ovate-roundish, serrated, glabrous on both surfaces, having the teeth glandularly serrated ; stem prickly. Ij . H. Grovis in hedges, at the foot of Mount Baldo. Flowers large, purple. This species is evi- dently related to R. rubiginosa. Pollini's Rose. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 164 R. nispiDA (Poir. encycl. no. 15.) germens globose, and are as well as the peduncles hispid and prickly ; leaflets ovate, clothed with white tomentum beneath ; stem prickly ; prickles scattered ; flowers solitary. H . H. Native country unknown. Evidently nearly allied to R. tomentbsa. Hispid Rose. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 165 R. Loureiria'xa ; stem shrubby, tufted, branched, prickly ; petioles prickly ; tidje of calyx round ; pedimcles un- armed, h . H. Cultivated in China and Cochin-china every where, and in the latter country it is called lloa-hoe, and in the former Mtii-lwa. R. cinnamomea. Lour. coch. 323. Leaves with hardly any scent. Flowers single, very red. Loureiro's Rose. Shrub 3 feet. 166 R. Cociiixchini;'nsis; stem climbing a little, very prickly ; tube of calyx roundish, smooth ; petioles and peduncles prickly. Ij . H. Native of Cochin-china, where it is called Hoa hiung tau. R. spinosissima. Lour. coch. p. 323. Flowers blush-co- loured, scentless. Perhaps R. Sinica. Cochin-china Rose. Shrub 6 feet. 167 R. adf.xopiiv'lla (WiJId. cnum. p. 546.) germens ovate, clothed with glandular bristles ; petioles beset with glandular VOL. II. down, unarmed ; leaflets simply serrated, glaucous beneath, with glandular margins; prickles of branches scattered. ^. H. Native country unknown. Flowers single, large, red ; petals emarginate. This jilant is perha])s allied to R. parvifuUa. Gland-leaved Kdkc. .Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 1()8 R. TUGURioRiiM (Willd. enum. p. 544.) germens roundish, glabrous ; calyxes pilose ; peduncles hispid ; petioles villous, prickly ; prickles on stem scattered. Ij . H. Native country unknown. Called in Germany Tapeten Rose. Perhaps nearly allied to R. arcinsis. Cottage Rose. .Shrub. 169 11. vELUTiNA (Clairv. man. d'herb. 163.) fruit round; leaves cottony beneath, edges glandular. Jj . H. Native of Switzerland, about Winterthur. Perhaps this is a variety of /{. pinipinellifblia. I elect y Rose. Shrub. 170 R. miirica'ta (Waitz, in Link. enum. 2. p. 56.) stem muricated above ; petioles almost naked ; leaflets oval, obtuse, serrated, glabrous ; peduncles glandular ; tube of calyx oblong, naked ; sepals with tomentose edges. I; . H. Native country unknown. Muricated-hranched Rose. Shrub. 171 R. huficau'lis (Ehrh. beit. 7. p. 138.) prickles very slender, reflexed, covered with bluish bloom ; branches unarmed ; leaflets lanceolate, acutely serrated, glaucous beneath ; tube of calyx globose ; sepals undivided, length of corolla ; styles shorter than the stamens. Tj . H. Native of America. R. PortlSndica, Gord. cat. p. 28. R. Portlandica, Ludw. baumz. 45. Bronn-slemmcd Rose. .Shrub. 172 R. verticillaca'ntha (Mer. fl. par. 190.) prickles mi- nute, rather verticillate, reflexed ; leaflets oval, glandless ; pe- tioles rather glandular ; fruit globose, clothed with glandular bristles; sepals luidivided. 1; . H. Native about Paris. Per- haps a variety of R. atpina. Whorled-spined Rose. .Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 173 R. macroca'rpa (Mer. fl. par. 190.) prickles nearly straight ; leaflets oval, toothed, glandless ; petioles hardly glan- dular ; fruit globose, and are, as well as the peduncles, smooth ; sepals undivided, glandless. Ij . H. Native of France. Long-fruited Rose. .Shrub. 174 R. stipula'ris (Mer. fl. par. 192.) prickles recurved ; leaflets doubly serrated, glabrous, glandless ; petioles glandular and prickly ; stipulas large, entire, glandular ; fruit oval, and are as well as the peduncles glabrous ; sepals undivided, glandless. V . H. Native about Paris. Flowers rose-coloured. Stipular Rose. Shrub. 175 R. FLExuosA (Rafin. prec. 37. but not of Rau.) stems twisted ; prickles solitary, recurved ; petioles glabrous and nearly unarmed ; leaflets ovate, unequally serrated ; flowers soli- tary ; germens oblong, or globose, glabrous. h . H. Native of North America. R. Raffinesquei^na, Tratt. ros. 2. p. 234. Pe- duncles short. Flowers large, rose-coloured. F/cj-i/oK-s-stemmed Rose. Shrub. 176 R. Aci mina'ta (Rafm. ros. amer. in ann. sc. phys. 5. p. 216.) stem and petioles prickly ; leaflets 3-5, oval, acumin- ated, serrated, pubescent beneath ; flowers subumbellate ; fruit obovate, and are as well as the peduncles beset with glandular bristles. ^ . H. Native of North America, on the banks of the Wabash river. //(■H/H/Hfl/crf-leaved Rose. Shrub. 177 R. prate'nsis (Hafin. 1. c. 5. p. 215.) stem flexuous ; prickles stipular, straight; petioles pubescent ; leaflets 5-7, ob- long, attenuated at both ends, serrated, glabrous; flowers soli- tary ; fruit ovate, liispid. Ij . H. Native of North America, in the meadows of Kentuckv- Flowers white. 4 F 586 ROSACEA. XXII. Rosa. Far. ft, geminata (Rafin. 1. c.) leaflets obovate ; flowers twin, rose-coloured. Meadow Rose. Shrub. 178 R. ripa'ria (Rafin. 1. c. 5. p. 216.) hispid and prickly; prickles straight ; leaflets 5, unarmed, ovate, doubly serrated, ciliated, clothed with glaucous pubescence beneath ; flowers solitary ; peduncles angular ; fruit turbinate, oblong, nearly smooth. Vi . H. Native of Maryland, on the banks of the Potowmak river. Flowers purple, fragrant. Par. ft, amcena (Rafin. 1. c.) flowers double. River-hank Rose. Shrub. 179 R. dasyste'ma (Rafin. 1. c. 5. p. 219.) stems nearly un- armed, villous ; leaflets 5-7, oval or obovate, serrated, velvety beneath ; flowers solitary ; sepals simple ; fruit oblong, hispid. Ij . H. Native of North America. Thkk-stamened Rose. Slirub. 180 R. Waitziana (Tratt. ros. 1. p. 57.) fruit ovate, gl.a- brous, scarlet ; sepals appendiculate, bristly on the back ; pe- duncles hispid ; leaflets roundish-ovate, simply serrated ; scent- less, glabrous ; floriferous branches glandular and prickly ; prickles hooked. I2 • H. Native of Saxony, near Altenburgh. Waltz's Rose. Shrub. 181 R. RUBHispiNA (Bosc. dict. ex Poir. suppl. 4. p. G15. and Tratt. ros. 2. p. 179.) fruit prickly, nearly globose ; leaf- lets 5-7, elliptic, obtuse, glabrous, serrated ; branches and pe- duncles furnished with small straight prickles ; flowers usually solitary ; sepals beset with glandular hairs on the edges. Ij . H. Native of North America. Red-spined Rose. Shrub. 182 R. Si'cuLA (Tratt. ros. 2. p. 68.) fruit globose, and are as well as the peduncles glabrous and unarmed ; leaflets orbi- cular, sharply and doubly serrated, with the teeth all glandular at the apex; petioles clothed with glandular villi ; stems prickly ; prickles subverticillate. fj . H. Native of Sicily, on the tops of the Nebrodes. Sicilian Rose. Shrub. 183 R. FRAxmiFOLiA (Andr. ros. fasc. SS. ex Tratt. ros. 2. )). 100.) stem glabrous, nearly unarmed ; germens oblong ; pe- duncles glabrous ; petioles prickly ; leaflets rough, oblong, nar- row, acute, serrated ; flowers white, sweet-scented ; inner petals small and flexuous. Tj . H. Native country unknown. Per- haps a variety of R. sempervlrens. Ash- leaved Rose. Shrub. ISl R. Heckelia'na (Tratt. ros. 2. p. 85.) fruit globose, glabrous, muricated ; peduncles very short, tomentose ; leaflets orbicular, doubly toothed, clothed with hoary tomentum on both sides as well as the stipulas, and ciliated with glands ; very blunt at the apex ; stems prickly ; prickles somewhat verticillate. Jj . H. Native of Sicily, on the Nebrodes. HeckeVs Rose. Shrub. 185 R. erube'scens (Andr. ros. fasc. 30. ex Tratt. ros. 1. p. 119.) fruit ovate, and are as well as the peduncles clothed with glandular bristles ; sepals oblong, entire, glabrous ; petioles rather prickly ; leaflets ovate, acute, unequally serrated, disco- loured ; cauline prickles scattered and solitary, some straight and setaceous, and others large, recurved, and dilated at the base, dark purple. Pj . H. Native country unknown. Reddish Rose. Shrub. 186 R. inca'na (Kit. ex Tratt. ros. 1. p. 135.) fruit and pe- duncles glabrous ; cauline prickles recurved ; petioles almost imarmed, and are, as well as the leaves, villously tomentose. 1; . H. Native of Hungary. Hoary Rose. Shrub. 187 R. Clusia^na (Waitz, ex Tratt. ros. 1. p. 119.) fruit nearly globose, glabrous ; sepals appendiculated, and are, as well as the peduncles, hispid ; petioles villous, glandular, rather prickly ; leaflets sweet-scented, ovate-lanceolate, simply serrated, pubescent beneath ; stipulas quite entire ; stem and branches unarmed. ^ . H. Native country unknown. Rosa sine spinis, Clus. hist. 1. p. 115. f. 1. Perhaps a variety oi R. Gallica. Clusius's Rose. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 188 R. GLABRA (Andr. ros. fasc. 21.) fruit ovate; petioles and peduncles hispid ; flowers of many equal petals ; leaflets oblong, acuminated, serrated, glabrous ; stem glabrous, nearly unarmed. Tj . H. Native country unknown. Size and form of R. centifblia pomponia. Leaves like those of R. moschula, but the plant altogether is more nearly allied to R. cinnamumea ex Tratt. ros. Glabrous Rose. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 189 R. Sprengelia'na (Tratt. ros. 2. p. 163.) nearly unarm- ed; fruit globose, hispid ; peduncles smoothish ; petioles villous; leaflets oblong, serrated at the apex, pubescent beneath ; branches nearly unarmed ; prickles very few and straight ; flowers sessile, aggregate. Ij . H. Native country unknown. R. Virginica, Curt, ex Spreng. nov. prov. p. 36. no. 80. Sprengel's Rose. Shrub. 190 R. Portenschlagia'na (Tratt. ros. 2. p. 203.) germens ovate, glabrous, coloured ; peduncles very short, and are, as well as the petioles, prickly and glandular ; sepals coloured, su- bulate, pinnatifid, one-half shorter than the petals ; flowers alter- nate, solitary, large ; stem unarmed. I^ • H. Native country unknown. Flowers rose-coloured. Portenschlag's Rose. Shrub. 191 R. Wulfe'ni (Tratt. ros. 1. p. 200.) fruit nearly glo- bose, coloured, glabrous ; peduncles solitary, short, clothed with glandular bristles ; leaflets elliptic, somewhat doubly serrated ; stipulas biauriculate ; branches and petioles very prickly, h . H. Native of Germany. Var. ft, rubra (Tratt. ros. 1. p. 201.) leaves smaller ; leaflets ciliated with glands ; fruit ovate-oblong ; petals deep rose-co- loured. H . H. Native of Carinthia, on mount Nanas. Leaves, branches, and calyxes red. IVulfens Rose. Shrub. 192 R. triciioca'rpa (Waitz, ex Tratt. ros. 2. p. 45.) fruit oblong ; sepals appendiculate, and are, as vsell as the peduncles, hispid ; petioles glandular and prickly ; leaflets sweet-scented, ovate-lanceolate, simply serrated, glabrous on both surfaces ; stem and branches very glabrous and prickly ; prickles hooked, equal ; stigmas sessile. I7 . H. Native country unknown. Per- haps a variety of R. alba. Hairy-fruited Rose. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 193 R. concavifolia (Waitz, ex Tratt. ros. 2. p. 60.) fruit ovate, glabrous ; sepals appendiculate, hairy, glandless ; pedun- cles hispid ; petioles glandidar, prickly ; leaves sweet-scented, ovate, doubly serrated, pubescent on both surfaces ; stipulas with glandular edges ; flowers subcorymbose. Ij . H. Native country unknown. Concave-leaved Rose. Shrub. 194 R. elli'ptica (Tausch, ex Tratt. ros. 2. p. 69.) fruit ovate, and are, as well as the peduncles, glabrous ; leaflets ellip- tic, unequally and glandularly serrated, quite entire at the base, glaucescent, and beset with glandular pili ; prickles re- fle.xed, stipular. I; . H. Native of Bohemia. R. rubiginosa, Guimpel, deutsch. Holzart. 1. p. 121. t. 91. Fruit blood- coloured. Elliptic-\e2i\eA Rose. Shrub. 195 R. Mau'kschii (Schultes in oestr. fl. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 69. ex Tratt. ros. 2. p. 218.) fruit nearly globose, and are, as well as the peduncles, glabrous ; petioles beset with glandular bristles; stem prickles scattered, a little recurved; leaflets almost ROSACEiE. XXII. UosA. 58< glabrous, h . H. Native country unknown. Nearly allied to R. rubiginosa ex Tratt. 1. c. Mauk.ich's Hose. Slirub. 196 R. Andre wsii (Tratt. ros. 2. p. 20.").) fruit ellijjtic, glabrous; sepals obloufi, quite entire, glabrous ; peibuicies and petioles hispid ; stem unarmed ; leaflets somewhat doul)ly ser- rated, glabrous, glaucescent beneath ; flowers lateral, solitary, deep purple, drooping; fruit pendulous. V; . H. Native coiui- try unknown. R. inermis, Andr. ros. fasc. 2. Very nearly allied to R. alplna. Far. /3, dcbilis (Tratt. 1. c. p. 206.) stems weak, decumbent ; leaflets small, nearly like those of R. spinosisshna ; flowers large, twin, very beautiful, between scarlet and blood-coloured. Andrews's Rose. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 197 R. SERApfNii (Viviani, add. fl. ital. fragm. and fl. libyc. ■p. 67. fl. cors. spec. nov. 8.) germens oblong, and are, as well as the peduncles, glabrous ; stem and petioles prickly ; prickles recurved, falcate ; stipidas ovate ; leaflets roundish, doubly ser- rated, with the teeth glandular. t; . H. Native of Corsica, on mount Coscione. Serajin's Rose. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 198 R. glabr.a'ta (Vest, ex Tratt. ros. 2. p. 220.) fruit large, solitary, nearly globose ; peduncles very short ; leaflets roundish-elliptic, decurrcnt at the base, doubly serrated, quite glabrous on both surfaces, with glandular margins ; prickles scat- tered, usually twin. I^ • H. Native of Styria. Allied to R. pimpincllifdlia. S?noolhis/i Rose. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 199 R. si'mflex (Scop. fl. cam. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 353. ex Tratt. ros. p. 229.) fruit ovate, glabrous ; leaflets glabrous be- neath ; sepals beset with glandular bristles. T; . H. Native country unknown. R. Scojioliana, Tratt. 1. c. Allied to R. alphta or ci)i)iaj)idmca. Shnple Rose. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 200 R. orienta'lis (Dupont in litt. D. C. prod. 2. p. 607.) dwarf; stem prickly, glabrous; prickles conical, slender; young branches puberulous ; leaflets roundish, tomentose, serrate- crenated ; fruit globose, hispid ; peduncles tomentose and hispid ; sepals nearly entire. 1^ . H. Native of Persia. Far. a, Oliveriana (Ser. in D. C. prod. 2. p. 607.) leaflets very veiny and smoothish beneath ; peduncles puberulous, but not glandular ; fruit glabrous, hispid, h . H. Native of Persia. Far. jy, Balh'tsiana (Ser. 1. c.) leaflets hardly veiny, puberu- lous beneath ; pedimcles tomentose and hispid ; tube of calyx very hispid and glandular. Ij . H. Oriental Rose. Fl. June, July. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 201 R. Ventenatia'na (Red. ros. 3. p. 83. with a figure,) caidine prickles unequal, crowded, straight ; germ finger-shaped, beset with glandular bristles at the base, as well as the pe- duncles ; flowers nearly sessile. Tj . H. Native country un- known. Fentenat's Rose. Fl. June, July. Shrub. 202 R. cane'scens (Krok. fl. siles. 2. p. 153. no. 784. ex Tratt. ros. 2. p. 226.) fruit nearly globose, and are hispid, as well as the peduncles ; leaflets lanceolate, glabrous on both sur- faces, discoloured, simply serrated ; principal stem nearly im- armed, canescent ; branches prickly and very hispid ; stipulas adnate, very long. Pj . H. Native of Silesia. Canescenl Rose. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 203 R. Kroke'ri (Tratt. ros. 2. p. 231.) fruit globose, and are, as well as the peduncles, glabrous and unarmed ; leaflets usually 3, elliptic, obtuse, serrated at the apex, clothed with hoary tomentum beneath ; petioles short, involucrated, stipulate ; stem 1-flowered. fj . H. Native of Silesia. R. pygmae'a, Krok. fl. siles. 2. p. 154. in a note. Kroker's Rose. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 204 R. AMBIGUA (Lejcune. rev. fl. spa. p. 98.) fruit egg- shaped, glabrous, furnished with a few stalked glands ; peduncles glabrous, rarely glandular ; leaflets glabrous on both surfaces, doubly serrated, acuminated ; bracteas and petioles glarulularly ciliated. Ij . H. Native about Verviers. PerliajJS a variety of R. can'ina. Ambiguous Rose. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 205 R. sylva'tica (Tausch, in fl. vol. 2. p. Mil', ex Tratt. ros. 1. p. 58.) fruit ovate, and are, as well as the peduncles, his- pid ; flowers cymose ; petioles beset with glandular pili and prickles ; leaflets ovate, acute, unequally and dee])ly glaiulularly serrated, j)ilose beneath ; stems bristly or prickly. 1; . 11. Native of Bohemia, in shady places. Wood Rose. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. History. — The rose is known by every body at first sight, and has been a favourite flower from time immemorial among the civilized nations of Europe and Asia. The shrub varies in size in diflerent species and varieties, and the colours are red, white, purple, yellow, black, striped, or in almost numberless shades and mixtures, from single to semidouble and double. Roses are cultivated in every garden, from the most humble cot- tage upwards. Some species, as R. ccntifulia, J!. ilama\cl'na, &c. are also cultivated on a large scale by commercial gardeners for distilling rose-water, and for making attar or es.sential oil of roses. Si.x pounds of rose petals will impregnate by distillation a gallon of water strongly with its odour ; but a hundred pounds afford hardly half an ounce of attar. The rose is also used in medicine. Botanists are not agreed as to the number of original species of this genus, and notwithstanding the labours of many scientific men the genus still remains a chaos, from which it can never be e.xtricated. We have endeavoured in the foregoing pages to render the species as clear as it is practicably from the present knowledge of the genus. The most scientific work which has appeared upon the subject in England is the " Rosa- rum Monographia," of John Lindley, 1819; and Miss Lawrence has published about ninety plates of " A Collection of Roses from Nature," 1810. In France Guillemeau h.is published " Histoire Naturelle de la Rose," 1800, and P. J. Redoutc and C. A. Thory have published a splendid work in folio, entituled " Les Roses," containing plates of both species and varieties. C. A. Thory has published a separate tract on the culture of roses, entitled " Prodrome de la ^Ionagraphie du genre Rosier," &e. 1820. M. A. Pronville a " Nomenclature Raisonnee", in 1818. J. Sabine has given an account of Scotch roses in Hort. trans. 4. p. 231. Many varieties of the rose are yearly raised from seeds in the nurseries. Farietics are raised from seed on the continent, where the seed ripens better than in this country. A number of varieties have also been raised in this country, especially of the R. spina- sissima or Scotch-rose. New varieties are raised in France and Italy annually. L. Villaresi, royal gardener at Monza, has raised upwards of 50 varieties of R. I'ndica, some of tlieni are quite black, others shaped like a ranunculus, and many of them highly odoriferous. Ample lists of the varieties arc given under their proper species. Propagation. — By seed for new varieties, and chiefly by layers for continuing approved sorts. They are also increased by budding, cuttings, and suckers. By seed. The hips containing the seeds are obtained from semidouble and single flowers, and to increase the chance of new- varieties, these should be taken from plants that have been planted among or near to the kinds of which a cross is desired. Extracting the stamens from one flower, and dusting the stigmas with the pollen of another kind, might answer in most 4 F 2 588 ROSACEyE. XXII. Rosa. instances. In France and Italy the usual mode is to form a plan- tation of double and semidouble sorts, mixed indiscriminately, and take the result of promiscuous impregnation ; it is also done in some of the nurseries of this country. The hips generally ripen in October or November. The seeds do not vegetate till the second season after sowing. The first year, instead of sowing them, they may be preserved among sand, or the hips entire may be so preserved a full year, when the husks will be perfectly rotten, and the seed being separated and sown in February will come up in May or June following. The seeds should be sown in soft soil, and in a shady situation, or they may be covered with earth from a ^ to ^ an inch, according to the size of the seeds. Early in the second spring they may be planted in rows a foot or 2 feet apart every way, according to the size of the sorts. Here they may remain till they flower, which varies in the dif- ferent sorts from the third to the fifth year, but most commonly they flower the fourth summer. By layers. — The common mode is to lay down the young shoots of the preceding summer late in autumn or early in the succeeding spring, and then, with the exception of tlie moss-rose, and one or two others, they form rooted plants by the next autumn. But it is now found, that if the same shoots are laid down when the plant is beginning to flower in July, they will, witli a few exceptions, produce roots, and be fit to remove the same autumn, by which a whole year is gained. Such sorts as do not root in one year must be left on the stools till the second autumn ; but layers made when the shoot is in a growing state, and furnished with healthy leaves, root much more freely than shoots of ripe wood. After the plants are removed from the stools they are planted in nursery rows, and in a year the blos- som buds, having been carefully pinched off from the first lay- ing down, they will be fit for removal to their final destination. The stools are then to be pruned, "and the soil stirred and en- riched. By suckers. — Many of the commoner sorts admit of being rapidly multiplied in this way, and the plants obtained may be planted in their final destination at once. By cuttings — Most sorts might be propagated in this way from cuttings of young wood, cut at a joint where it is beginning to ripen, and planted in sand and vegetable mould under a hand- glass. But this mode is only adopted with such sorts as strike easily, as the Indian and Chinese kinds. By budding. — This mode of propagating roses is adopted only with the rarer kinds, and such as are difficult to propagate by layers ; for it is found that plants so originated, even though on stocks of the hardier sorts, are less durable than such as are raised by any of the other modes. But the chief use of budding in the culture of the rose is to produce standard-roses, or to pro- duce several sorts from the same tree or bush. Standard-roses are a modern invention, it is generally supposed of the Dutch, first carried to Paris, and about 30 years ago to England. They are highly artificial objects of great beauty, and form magnifi- cent ornaments to parterres and borders. Tiie stocks are either of the tree rose, Rosa villosa, or of any sorts of wild roses, which grow to a large size. They are budded at different heights, from 3 to 7 feet, but cotnmonly between 5 and 6 from the ground. A stock in the Paris garden, which carries several sorts, has a naked stem of nearly 15 feet high, and there are others at Malmaison and at Grand Trianon of equal height. The stocks are procured from woods and copses, and after being planted in nursery lines are often budded the same summer, sometimes in summer by the scalope mode of budding, I'ceil puis- sant of the French ; and never later than the succeeding spring or summer by the common mode. Generally two buds are in- serted on opposite sides of the stock, but often 3-4 or a dozen in alternate positions on the upper 6 or 12 inches of the stem. Every stock is supported by a rod, which should reach a foot or eighteen inches higher than the situation of the bud ; to this rod the stock is tied, and afterwards the shoots from the buds, which are otherwise liable to be blown out by high winds. The Paris nurserymen being supplied with stronger stocks than can readily be procured ih England, and having a better climate and more experience in the culture of roses, excel us in this depart- ment of rose propagation, and their standards afford an article of commerce with other countries. Their common plants raised by layers are also in extensive demand, but in these we equal if not surpass them. Fine collections of standard roses may be seen in Lee's nursery at Hammersmith, in the Count de Vande's garden at Bayswater, in the duchess of Dorset's at Knowle, and in various other places. Final situation. — No species of rose, wild or cultivated, thrives well in or near large towns, on account of the smoke or con- fined air. The yellow and Austrian roses, R. lutea and R. hi- color are difficult to flower in any situation. Roses are gener- ally planted in the front of shrubberies and in borders ; they are also planted by themselves in rose gardens or rosaries, in groups on lawn or gravel, either with common box or other edgings, or with edgings of wire, in imitation of basket-work ; these last are called baskets of roses ; the ground inclosed in the basket margin is made convex, so as to present a greater surface to the eye, and increase the illusion ; the shoots of the stronger sorts are layered or kept down by pegs till they strike root, so that the points of the shoots furnished with buds appear only above the soil, which is sometimes covered with moss or small shells ; under this treatment the whole surface of the basket becomes in two or three years covered with rose-buds and leaves, of one or of various sorts. Where one of the larger free growing sorts is employed, as the woss rose, or any of the Pro- vins' varieties, one plant may be trained so as to cover a surface of many square yards. Where different sorts are introduced in the same basket, they should be as much as possible assimilated in size of leaves and flowers and habits of growth, and as diflerent as possible in the colours of their flowers. By mixing small-flowered with large-flowered sorts, the beauty of the for- mer is lost without adding to the effect of the latter. In rosa- ries commonly but one plant of a sort is introduced, and the varieties which most resemble each other are placed together, by which their distinctive differences are better seen. Parti- cular compartments are often devoted to one species, as the Scotch, Chinese, yellow, burnet-leaved. Sec. which has an excel- lent effect, sometimes a piece of rock-work in the centre is covered with creeping roses, and on other occasions they are trained to trellis-work, which forms a fence or hedge of roses round the whole. In this hedge standard roses are sometimes introduced at regular distances ; a grove of standards is also frequently formed in the centre of the rosary, and sometimes they are introduced here and there in the beds. Standard roses, however, have certainly the best effect in flower borders, or when completely detached on a lawn ; their sameness of form, and that form very compact and bushy, prevents them from grouping well, either among themselves or with other objects. Their beauty consists in their singularity, as rose plants, and in their flowers ; and therefore to display these beauties to the best advantage, they require to be seen singly, or in succession. This is the case where they occur as single objects on a lawn, or in the centre, or here and there among groups of flowers, or in lines or avenues along flower-walks. Soil. — Most species of the rose, in their wild state, grow in sandy and rather poor soil, excepting such as are natives of woods, where the soil is richer and comparatively moist. But ROSACEjE. XXII. Rosa. XXIII. Amoueuxia. SANGUISORBEiE. 389 all the cultivated roses, and especially the double flowering kinds, require a rich loamy soil, inclininfr to clay rather than sand, and tiicy require also, like most double flowers, plenty of moisture \\ lien in a growing state. General culture. — To produce strong flowering roses requires some attention in pruning; old wood sliould be yearly cut out, and the young shoots thinned and sliortened, according to tlieir strength, and whether number or magnitude of flowers be wanted. Those sorts whieli throw out numerous suckers, should be taken up every three or four years, reduced, and replanted, and most sorts, e.vcepting the standards, will be improved by the practice, provided attention be paid to remove a part of the old soil and replace it by new. The jioints of the shoots of the more deli- cate sorts of roses are very apt to die when pruning is performed in winter or spring ; to avoid the consequences of this evil, many give a second pruning in June, or do not prune the tender sorts at all till the beginning of that montli. A very good time for performing the operation is immediately after the bloom is over, cutting out old exhausted wood, shortening shoots which have flowered, to a good bud, accompanied with a healthy leaf, but leaving such shoots as are still in a growing state till Oc- tober. Where very large roses are wanted, all the buds, except on that of the extreme point of each shoot, should be pinched off' as soon as they make their appearance, and the plant libe- rally supplied with water. To lessen evaporation, and keep up a constant moisture at the roots of their roses, the Paris gar- deners generally mulch them with half rotten stable dung or partially rotten leaves. Fornardlng and retarding roses. — The earliest flowering rose is the monthly, which in mild seasons and planted against a wall, will sometimes flower in the beginning of April ; the roses next m succession are the cinnamon, which flower" in May, the damask, in the end of May or beginning of June ; the blush, York, and Lancaster, Proiins', and Dutch hundred-leaved, in June, July, and August. The I irginia and musk roses are the latest Euro- pean sorts ; they flower in September, and in shaded situations will sometimes continue in bloom till the middle of October ; but the earliest rose (the monthly), is also the latest, and generally continues flowering till interrupted by frost. The earliest sorts may be materially forwarded by being planted against a south wall, and if portable sashes be placed before them, and the wall is either flued or heated by fires, or a lining of dung placed behind, the plants may be brought to flower in February or March. The monthly rose, being protected by glass in autumn, or aided by artificial heat, may be continued in bloom till Christ- mas. A very common mode of obtaining late roses, and one of the greatest antiquitj', is by cutting all the flower shoots off when the buds begin to appear, or by rubbing off all the rudiments of shoots of every kind early in the spring ; a second crop is in consequence produced, which will not be in a state to bloom before the autumn. Forcing the rose. — The best sorts for this purpose are the common and moss Provence. The Indian sorts force well, or rather in stoves continue in bloom all the year ; but the com- moner varieties not being fragrant, they are in less repute than the European roses. Rose plants should be a year in pots pre- viously to the autumn when it is intended to force them ; they should be planted in pots 6 or 8 inches in diameter, in rich loam, and plunged in an open airy situation, their flower-buds pinched off as they appear, and the plants put into a state of rest, by excluding the sun and rain, but not a free circulation of air. Abcrcronibie says, " There is no certainty of obtaining a fine blow of roses in the depth of winter by the most expensive artifices of forcing; and jet fine flowers maybe produced early in the spring by any ordinary stove, put in operation in Decem- ber. When the plants are first introduced, keep the air of the house about 55°, never letting it fluctuate to more than 2 or a degrees below the above. In the second week, aim at GO" as the standard; in the third week G5°. When a month has nearly elapsed, begin to increase the heat gradually to 70°, having brought it to this standard, let it afterwards exceed it from 3 to 5 degrees rather than sink below. A succession may be kept up by introducing some pots every 8 or 10 days. Insects. — All the species of /^oin are very liable to the attacks of insects, especially of the aphides ; some, particularly the briar and Scotch rose, are attacked by the cynips rosa;, which by punc- turing the bark, occasions the production of rose-galls, and of those massy tufts often seen on wild roses, which were formerly known under thenameof bedcquar, and used in medicine. A great number of insects seem fond of the flowers of roses, from the earwig to the seemingly harmless lady-bird, which deposits its larvae in the leaves of various species, both wild and cultivated. There seems no remedy for insects on plants in the open air so simple and effectual as gathering them by hand, or removing the leaf or that part of the shoot which is infected by them. Under cover tobacco smoke will prove an effectual remedy for the aphides ; but the larva of many others, and especially of the tipula, and the tenthredinidae, which occasion the wrapping up and shrivelling of the leaves, can only be removed by hand. f A genus allied to Rosacece. XXIII. AMOREU'XIA (this genus is dedicated bySesse and Mocino to P. J. Amoreux, a botanist of Montpelier). Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 2. p. 638. Genus nova, Ruiz, et Pav. in herb. Lamb. Lin. syst. Icosandria, 3Ionogynia. Calj'x 5-parted, with a short tube, and oblong, acute lobes. Petals 5, obtuse and emarginate at the apex, larger than the calyx, and inserted in its base. Stamens about 20, disposed in one series, shorter than the petals. Ovary ovate, free, 3-celled, many-ovulate. Style fili- form, acute. Capsule ovate. — A herb, with alternate, bistipu- late, palmatifid leaves on long petioles, having the lobes serrated at the apex, and joined together at the base by a foliaceous membrane. Peduncles solitary, opposite the leaves, or nearly terminal, 1 -flowered, inflexed at the apex. Flowers large, red. — Habit of Neurtida or Dryas, but the characters are not suf- ficiently known to determine which of the genera it comes nearest. 1 A. palmati'fida (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined.). X.l G. Native of Mexico. Palmatifd-havcd Amoreuxia. PI. trailing. Cult. A mixture of loam, sand, and peat, will probably suit this plant, and cuttings will perhaps root if planted in sand or mould, with a hand-glass placed over them. Order LXXXIV. SANGUISO'RBE.E (plants agreeing with Sanguisorba in important characters). Lindl. introd. nat. ord. p. 80. Rosaceae, Tribe VI. Sanguisorbeae, Juss. gen. p. 33(). exclusive of some genera. D. C. prod. 2. p. 588. Flowers usually unisexual from abortion. Calyx with a thickened tube (f. 78. a.) and a 3 (f 80. a.) -4 (f 79. b. f. 77. b.) -5-lobed limb, its tube lined with the disk. Petals none. Sta- mens definite, sometimes fewer than the segments of the calyx, with which they are alternate, arising from the orifice of the calyx ; anthers 2-celled, innate, bursting longitudinally, occa- sionally 1 -celled, and bursting transversely. Ovary solitary, simjile, with the style proceeding from the apex at the base. Ovulum solitary, always attached to that part of the ovaries which is next the base of the style. Stigma compound or 590 SANGUISORBEiE. I. Cercocarpus. II. Alchemilla. simple. Nut solitary, inclosed in the often-indurated tube of the calyx. Seeds solitary, suspended, or ascending, exalbumi- nous. Embryo witli a superior radicle, and large plano-convex cotyledons. — Herbaceous plants or under shrubs, occasionally spiny. Leaves simple, lobed, or pinnate, alternate, furnished with stipulas. Flowers small, usually capitate. This order differs from Rosdcece in the apetalous flowers and indurated calyx, and the reduction of the carpella to one only. Their general character is astringency. A decoction of AlchemUla vulgaris is slightly tonic. Sanguisorba is useful as fodder. Synopsis of the genera. 1 Cercoca'rpus. Calyx coloured, with a cylindrical perma- nent tube, and a sinuately 5-lobed, deciduous limb. Stamens 20, inserted in the limb of the calyx. Carpel ending in a plu- mose style. 2 Alchemi'lla. Calyx tubular, contracted at the throat, with an 8-parted limb (f. 77. h.). Stamens 1-4. Carpella 1-2. Style filiform, capitate at the apex. 3 Cephalotus. Calyx coloured, 6-cleft(f. 78. i.). Stamens 12 (f. 78. c). Anthers didymous (f 78. c), glandular on the back. Ovaries 6 (f. 78. d. h.), distinct. Styles terminal (f. 78. i.). Akenia 1 -seeded. 4 Margyrica'rpus. Calyx with the tube contracted at the mouth, the limb 4-5-parted, each segment furnished with a tooth- formed spinula on the outside at the base. Stigma feathery. Carpel 1, drupaceous. 5 PolyleV'IS. Calyx with a turbinate angular tube, and a 3-4-cleft limb, furnished with spine-formed teeth above. Sta- mens 5-20. Stigma pencilled. Carpel drupaceous. C Ac^'na. Calyx tubular, armed with glochidate prickles, and furnished with 2 scales at the base. Stamens 2-10. Car- pels 1-2, dry. Stigma plumose. 7 Sanouisorba. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 4-cleft, propped by 2 scales at the base. Stamens 4. Carpels 2. Stigma pencil-formed. Akenia dry. 8 Pote'rium. Flowers monoecious or polygamous. Calyx furnished with 3 scales at the base (f. 79. a.) ; the limb 4-parted (f 79. b.). Stamens 20-30. Stigvna pencil-formed. Akenia 2, dry. 9 Cliffortia. Flowers dioecious. Calyx with an urceolate tube and a 3-parted (f. 80. a.) limb. Stamens about 30. Stigma plumose. Akenia 1-2. I. CERCOCA'RPUS (from Ktpcof, kerkos, a shuttlecock, and (.apTToc, harp s, a fruit ; in reference to the shape of the fruit). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 232. — Bertolonia, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Monogynia. Calyx coloured, with a cylindrical permanent tube, and a sinuately 5-lobed deciduous limb, with the throat open. Petals wanting. Stamens 20, inserted in the limb of the calyx. Carpel 1, free. Fruit mem- branous, tailed by the plumose permanent style, 1 -seeded, in- volved by the calyx. — A tree, with alternate, entire leaves, fur- nished with 2 petiolar stipulas ; and axillary umbellate fascicles of flowers. 1 C. FOTHERGiLLOiDES (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. t. 559.) h^ . G. Native near the town of Mexico. Bertolonia guieroides, Moc. et Ses. fl. mex. icon. ined. Leaves nearly elliptic, coriaceous, glabrous. Calyx clothed with silky down. Fothergilla-like Cercocarpus. Tree 12 feet. Cult. A mixture of peat and loam will suit this tree, and cuttings will root if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them. II. ALCHEMI'LLA (Alkemelych the Arabic name of one of the species). Tourn. inst. t. 289. D. C. prod. 2. p. 589. — Alchemilla and Aphanes, Lin. gen. no. 165. and 166. Lam. ill. t. 86. and 87. LiN. SYST. Di-Tetrdndria, Mono-Digijnia. Calyx tubular (f. 77. c), with the tube rather contracted at the apex; and with an 8-parted (f. 77. b.) limb, the alternate lobes or bracteoles the smallest (f. 77. b.), sometimes very small and tooth-formed. Petals wanting. Stamens 1-4. Styles lateral, filiform, capitate at the apex. Carpels 1-2, 1 -seeded, at length becoming dry and indurated. Seed inverted. Herbs with palmate or lobed leaves. Flowers small, corymbose. Sect. I. Alchemi'lla (see genus for derivation). Lin. gen. no. 165. Calyx 8-cleft (f 77. b.), alternate lobes smallest (f. 77. b.). Stamens 2-4. Perennial plants. * Leaves jJalmately 7-9-cleft. 1 A. Cape'nsis (Thunb. fl. cap. 1. p. 558.) leaves reniform, somewhat lobed, repandly crenated, and are as well as the stems hairy ; racemes axillary and terminal. t; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on the sides of hills and mountains. Lam. ill. t. 86. f. 2. Cape Lady's-mantle. PI. i foot. 2 A. vulga'ris (Lin. spec. 178.) leaves roundish, reniform, plicate, concave, 9-lobed, serrated ; stem and petioles smoothish ; flowers disposed in dichotomous corymbs. 11. H. Native of Europe and Siberia, in woods and pastures frequent ; plentiful in some parts of Britain. Oed. fl. dan. 963. Smith, engl. hot. t. 597. Mill. fig. t. 18. f. 2. This plant varies much in hairiness and smoothness, as well as in size and stature. Stipulas cut. The whole plant is astringent and slightly tonic. 'Phe leaves were formerly used in medicine, and were esteemed to be vul- nerary. Var.fi, glabra (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 451.) leaves and flowers glabrous ; teeth of leaves furnished with a tuft of hairs at the apex. %. H. Native of the Alps and the higher Pyrenees, in humid places. A. Pyrenaica, ex Dufour. ann. gen. sc. phys. 8. p. 228. A. lobata. Pall. itin. 2. p. 569. Cownnon Lady's-mantle. Fl. Ju. Aug. Brit. PI. ^ to ^ ft. 3 A. iiy'brida (Hoftm. germ. 1. p. 79.) leaves roundish-reni- form, 9-lobed, serrated, clothed with pubescence ; stem and petioles downy ; flowers fastigiately-glomerate. %.V{. Native of Europe, in mountain pastures ; in Scotland, on the Seedlaw hills, Angusshire. A. alpina hy'brida, Lin. spec. 179. A. vul- garis hybrida, VVilld. spec. 1. p. 698. Mill. fig. t. 18. f. 1. A. pubescens. Lam. ill. no. 1403. but not of Bieb. A. montana, Willd. enum. 1. p. 190. Wallr. ann. hot. p. 26. — Pluk. phyt. 240. f. 2. Stipulas serrated. //ytn'ii Lady's-mantle. Fl. June, Aug. Scotl. PI. -j to |^ ft. 4 A. pube'scens (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 114.) leaves roundish- reniform, 7-lobed, toothed, silky beneath ; corymbs terminal, crowded, clothed with silky villi. %. H. Native among rocks on the higher Caucasus. Willd. hort. berl. 2. t. 79. Putewrai Lady's-mantle. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1813. PI. ^^ ft. SANGUISORBEiE. II. Alcuemilla. 591 * • Leaves palmate ; leaflets 5-7, serrated at the apex. 5 A. alpi'na (Lin. spec. 179. var. a.) leaves digitate ; leaflets 5- 7, lanccolate-cuneated, obtuse, ser- rated at tlie apex, with the scr- raturcs adpressed, clothed with white satiny down beneath. 1/ . H. Native of" Europe and North Ame- rica, in mountain pastures ; in the mountainous parts of the north of England and Scotland, common among rocks on the banks of mountain rivulets. Smith, engl. bot. t. 244. Oed. fl. dan. 49. A. argentea, Lam, fl. fr. 3. p. 303. Tlic satiny under side of the leaves of this and the following species has given rise to the generic En- glish name of Ladi/'s-matille. Alpine Lady's-mantle. Fl. Jul. Britain. PI. \ foot. G A. SERicE.\ (Wilkl. enum. p. 171.) leaves digitate; leaflets 7, lanceolate-obovate, obtuse, connected at the base, serrated at the apex, clothed with satiny down beneath. 1^. H. Native of Caucasus. A. alpnia, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 114. exclusive of the synonyms. Much larger in every part than A. aljnna. *i% Lady's-mantle. Fl. June.Jid. Clt. 1813. Pl..|. toi ft. • • • Leaves digitate; leajlets 3-5, multijid, or serrated all round. 7 A. pentaphy'lla (Lin. spec. 179.) leaflets 3-5, multifid, glabrous, and rather ciliated ; stipulas foliaceous, bi or tridenfate at the apex. !(. . H. Native of Europe, on the alps. — Bocc. mus. p. 18. t. 1. Stems creeping. /'ice-/cn/t/toZ Lady's-mantle. ' Fl. July. Clt. 1784. PI. cr. 8 A. SiBBALDi.troLiA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. ^26. t. 561.) leaves deeply 3-parted, clothed with adpressed pu- bescence beneath ; segments deeply serrated, lateral ones bifid ; stipulas 2-4-cleft ; stems corymbosely many-flowered at the apex ; flowers conglomerate, diandrous, and usually digynous. % . G. Native between Mexico and Tolucco, near Tianguillo, and on Mount Orizaba. 5i66aW/a-/eaferf Lady's-mantle. Fl.Jidy. Clt. 1823. Pl.|.ft. 9 A. aphanoi'des (Mutis. in Lin. fil. suppl. 122.) plant smoothish ; leaves profoundly 3-parted ; segments ciliated, in- termediate one trifid, lateral ones bifid ; stipulas 2-3-cleft ; stems branched, creeping ; flowers axillary and terminal, diandrous or tetrandrous and digynous. 1/ . G. Native of New Granada. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 22.5. Aphanes-like Lady's-mantle. PI. creeping. 10 A. vulca'nica (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnaa. 5. p. 573.) pilose; stems flagelliform, trailing ; cauline leaves ternate ; leaf- lets cuneated, deeply 5-7-toothed at the apex ; stipulas bifid on both sides ; flowers axillary, forming small, leafy racemes at the tops of the branches ; stamens 2 ; styles 3. 1/ . G. Native of Mexico, on Mount Orizaba. Volcanic Lady's-mantle. PI. trailing. 11 A. hirsu'ta (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves deeply tripar- tite, pilose ; segments divided in a fan-like manner ; stipulas 2-3-cleft ; stems racemose, erect, liairy ; flowers diandrous and digynou.^, disposed in glomerate heads. %. H. Native of South America. Var. a, campestris (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnaea. 5. p. 572.) stems elongated ; leaves canescent beneath. 1{..G. Native of Mexico, in grassy places near Jalapa. Var. p, alpeslris (Schlecht. et Cham. 1. c.) leaves the same colour on both surfaces ; stem short. 2/ . G. Native of Mexico, on Mount Orizaba. Hairy Lady's-mantle. PI. |^ to ^ foot. 12 A. ri'pe'stris (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. C. p. 224.) leaves profoundly 3-parted, clothed with silky pili beneath ; segments deeply serrated ; stipulas entire ; stems branched, creeping; flowers somewhat corymbose, diandrous and frigy- nous. %. G. Nativeof South America, on the burning moun- tain Kuca-Pichincha, near Quito. Habit ot A. dphanes. Rock Lady's-mantle. PI. creeping. 13 A. niva'lis (II. B. et Kunth, 1. c. t. 560.) leaves multifid, sheathing, stem-clasping, and imbricating, clothed with silky hairs on the outside ; stems tufted ; flowers terminal, sessile, usually tern, diandrous, and usually tetragynous. ■y . F. Na- tive of the province of Popayan, on the snowy top of Mount Paramo de Puraca. Snoiv Lady's Mantle. PI. tufted. 14 A. tiupakti'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 68.) hairy ; stems creeping, filiform, dichotomously branched, leafy above ; leaves deeply 3-partcd ; segments cuneiform, 3-5-clcft ; stipulas unetjually bifid ; petioles sheathing ; peduncles dichotomously corymbose ; flowers diandrous and digynous. 1/ . F. Native of Peru, on the cold tops of mountains, in springs. Tripartite-\ca.ve<\ Lady's-mantle. PI. \ foot. 15 A. okdicula'ta (Uuiz et Pav. 1. c.) leaves orbicularly reni- form, lobed, deeply serrated, glabrous above, and clothed with silvery villi beneath ; petioles terete, hairy ; peduncles dichoto- mously corymbose ; flowers 8-cleft, diandrous, digynous. l^ . F. Native of Peru, on cold mountains in humid places. A'pha- nes orbiculata, Pcrs. ench. Ori;cM/«r-leavcd Lady's-mantle. PI. \ foot. 16 A. pectin a'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 226.) leaves roundish-rcniform, 9-11-lobed, pectinately serrated, clothed with silvery silky down beneath ; radical leaves many- lobcd, on long petioles ; stipulas 3-5-elcft; stems dichotomous; flowers 8-10-cleft, diandrous, usually pentagynous. 1/. F. Na- tive of Mexico, near Jalapa, San Andres, and Cruz Blanca. PectinateAe&veA Lady's-mantle. PI. ~ foot. 17 A. pinna'ta (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. G9.) leaves pin- nate ; leaflets bifid or trifid ; radical ones petiolate, cauline ones clasping the stem ; stems branched, sarmentosc, creeping ; flowers diandrous, digynous. %. F. Native of Peru, on the high cold humid mountains of Tarma and Panatahuara. A'pha- nes pinnata, Pcrs. rinnntc-\e3.\'ci!i Lady's-mantle. PI. \ foot. Sect. II. A'phanes (from a priv. and ^ati-w, phaino, to ap- pear ; that is to say, a plant of no appearance, being small, and lying flat on the ground). Lin. gen. no. 1 66. Calyx 4-cleft, rarely 5-ckft, with small teeth between the lobes. Stamens 1-2, fer- tile, the rest sterile. Annual plants. 18 A. arve'nsis (Scop. cam. 1. p. 115.) leaves small, hairy, petiolate, 3-parted ; segvnents 2-3-cleft ; flowers axillary, glo- merate. 0. H. Native throughout Europe, in cultivated fields ; plentiful in Britain, also of Iberia and Jamaica. Smith, engl. bot. 1011. A'phanes arvensis, Lin. spec. 179. Oed. fl. dan. t. 973. A. a'phanes, Leers, herb. no. 122. Corn Parsley-picrt. Fl. April, June. Britain. PI. prostrate. 19 A. coRXicopioi^DES (Room, et Schult. syst. 3. p. 471.) leaves hairy, cut, stem-clasping, almost sessile, 3-parted, with the petiole dilated ; segments 2-3-cleft ; flowers axillary, glo- merate; stipulas cut. O. H. Native about Madrid, in corn- fields. A'phanes cornucopioides, Lag. gen. et spec. nov. p. 99. no. 7. Cornucopia-like Parsley-Piert. PI. prostrate. Cult, 'i'lie hardy species will grow in any common soil, and •ire increased by dividing the plants at the root. Those species natives of South America should be grown in small pots, well 592 SANGUISORBEjE. III. Cephalotus. IV. Margyricarpus. V. Polylepis. VI. Ac«na. FIG. 78. drained with sherds, and filled with a mixture of peat and loam, and placed among other alpine plants. They are also to be increased by dividing the plants. The annual species are only weeds, and will grow under any circumstance. III. CEPHALO'TUS (from w^aXwroc, kephalotos, headed ; because the filaments of stamens are capitate). Labill. nov. hell. 2. p. 7. t. 145. Brown, gen. rem. p. 68. t. 4. D. C. prod. 2. p. 591. Lin. syst. Dodecdndr'm, Hexagynia. Calyx coloured, 6- cleft (f. 78. 6.), valvate in aestivation. Petals wanting. Stamens 12 (f. 77. c), inserted in the calyx. Anthers didymous (f. 77. c), glandular on the back. Ovaries 6 (f. 78. d. h.), distinct. Styles terminal (f. 78. ?'.). Akenia 1 -seeded. Seed erect. — An almost stemless herb, with the leaves all radical and stalked, some of which are elliptical and flat, and others dilated into the kind of leaves called pitchers (f. 78. e.), which are generally filled with air, which seems as if confined within tliem by a lid (f. 78. f.), like that of the nepenthes. Scape erect, bearing a panicle of small white flowers at the apex. 1 C. follicula'kis (Labill. 1. c.) %. G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern coast, in marshes. Hook, in bot. mag. vol. 5. new series, with a figure, (f. 78.) FoUicled-\e&\eA Cephalotus or New Holland Pitclier-plant. Fl. .Tune, July. Clt. 1823. PI. 1 ft. Cull. This plant grows best in turfy peat soil, either in a box or pot ; it should be kept rather moist : for this purpose the pots may be kept in pans of water. If moss is allowed to grow on the surface of the mould it will tend greatly to the health of the plants, or moss may be planted on the sur- face of the soil around the plants. There is no known way of increasing the plant except by seed. IV. MARGYRICA'RPUS(from napyapov, margaron, pearl, and KapiroQ, karpos, a fruit ; resemblance in white fruit). Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. prod. 7. p. 33. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 229. Lin. svst. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with the tube co- arctate at the apex, and with a 4-5-parted limb, each segment furnished witli a tooth-formed spine on the outside at the base. Petals wanting. Stamens 2. .Stigma multifid, feathery. Car- pel 1, convened into a roundish 1 -seeded drupe. Seed pendu- lous.— A much branched shrub, with impari-pinnate leaves, su- bulate leaflets, and axillary sessile flowers. 1 M. SETosus (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 28. t. 8./. d.) I^ . G. Native of Brazil, Peru, Cliili, .Santa Fe de Bogota, Quito, &c. on arid hills. Enipetrum pinnatum. Lam. diet. 1. p. 567. Ancistrum barbatum, Lam. ill. 1. p. 77. The leaves are either piliferous or naked at the apex, and therefore ISI. scibsus and M. Ice'vh of Willd. are both referrible to this plant. The fruit is white, with a grateful acid taste. An infusion of the plant is used against haemorrhages. Bristly Pearl-fruit. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1829. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. Cult. This shrub will grow very well in a mixture of sand and peat, and cuttings are easily rooted in the same kind of soil, with a bell-glass over them. V. POLYLEPIS (from ttoXv, poly, many, and Xettiq, lepis, a scale ; calyx). Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. prod. p. 34. t. 15. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 226. D. C. prod. 2. p. 519. LiN. SYST. Penta-Icosdndria, Monogynia. Calyx per- manent, with a turbinate 3-4-angled tube, furnished above with spine-formed teeth ; the throat contracted, and the limb 3-4-parted. Petals wanting. Stamens 5-20, inserted in the throat of the calyx. Anthers woolly. Carpel 1. Style filiform. Stigma pencil-formed. Drupe clavate, 3-4-angled, dry, inclosed within the calyx ; angles unequal, alternating with the denticu- lations of the calyx. Seed pendulous. — Shrubs, with compound leaves, and with the stipulas adnate to the petioles. Flowers racemose. * Leaves trifoliate. 1 P. inca'na (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. G. p. 227.) leaflets 3, crenated, clothed with hoary tomentum beneath, as well as the calyx ; racemes axillary, few-flowered, about equal in length to the leaves ; flowers pentandrous. \ . S. Native of South America, on the banks of Rio Blando near Guachucal, in the province of De los Pastos. Hoary Polylepis. .Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 2 P. villosa (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 228.) leaflets 3, cre- nated, clothed with hoary villi beneath, and on the calyxes ; racemes many-flowered, exceeding the leaves ; flowers usually icosandrous. Tj . S. Native of Peru, near Caxamarca, where it is called Quinuar. Villous Polylepis. Shrub 12 to 20 feet. * * Leaves pinnate. 3 P. LANUGINOSA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 228.) leaves of 2-4 pairs of nearly entire, rather emarginate leaflets, clothed with silky woolly down beneath, as well as the calyxes ; racemes hardly exceeding the leaves. I7 . S. Native of South America, at the bottom of mount Chimborazo near Calpi. Perhaps suffi- ciently distinct from the following. Woolly Polylepis. Shrub 6 to 12 feet. 4 P. RACEMOsA (Ruiz ct Pav. syst. 1. p. 139.) leaves impari- pinnate ; leaflets obovate or oblong, crenated, emarginate ; flowers racemose, icosandrous. I2 • ^- Native of Peru, among broken rocks towards Quinua, Caxamarquilla, and Pillao. De CandoUe received a specimen from Bonpland, which he gathered near Caxamarca, and which is referrible to P. raccmosa, and distinct from P. lanuginosa in the leaves bearing 4-6 pairs of distinctly sub-emarginate leaflets, not 2-4, as in that species. Racemose-Rowered Polylepis. Shrub. Cult. See I\Iargyricdrpus for culture and propagation. VI. ACiE'NA (from aicaiva, ahaina, a thorn ; in reference to the calyx being armed with glochidate bristles). Vahl. enum. 1 . p. 273. D. C. prod. 2. p. 592. LiN. SYST. Di-Tetrandria, Mono-Digynia. Calyx furnished with 2 scales at the base, tubular, usually armed with glochidate bristles; limb 4-parted. Corolla none. Stamens 2-10. Carpels 1-2, dry, 1-seedctl, inclosed within the tube of the calyx. Seed pendvdous. Styles terminal. Stigma plumose. — Humble ever- green herbs or suhshrubs, with impari-pinnate leaves, serrated leaflets, and spicate racemes or heads of small flowers. Anthers large, purple. Sect. I. Euce'na (from eu, good, and accena; genuine species). D. C. prod. 2. p. 592. — Aeae'na, Lin. mant. 200. Jaeq. eclog. 1. p. 55. Calyx armed all around with glochidate bristles. 1 A. LAPPA^cEA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 66. t. 103. f. a.) flowers racemose, distant, tetr.indrous or pentandrous ; stem erect ; leaflets oblong, serrated. \ . F. Native of Peru, on the rocks of Tarma. Burdock Acsena. PI. -^ foot. SANGUISOUBE/E. VI. Acbna. VII. Sancuisouba. 593 2 A. AGRiMosio'iDES (H. B. ct Kuiitli, nov. {jen. anier. (!. p. S3 1.) flowers alternate, spicate, lower ones remote ; stem erect ; leaflets oblong, coarsely serrated, jilabroiis, when younj; pubes- cent beneath. |i . F. Native of Mexico, in cold places near Tianffuillo. Allied to ^-i. Loppinca. Asrimony-like Aca-na. PI. .', foot. 3 A. elonga'ta (Lin. mant. iiOO.) flowers disposed in elon- gated spicate racemes ; stems ascending ; leaflets oblong, ser- rated, pubescent beneath. Ij . F. Native of Mexico. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 252. Elongated Aea;na. Shrub 1 foot ? 4 A. LATEBRt)SA (Ait. liort, kcw. 1. p. 10.) flowers disposed in elongated spikes ; peduncles scape-formed ; stems procum- bent ; leaflets oblong, cut, hoary beneath. i;.H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Agrimonia decumbens, Lin. fil. suppl. 251. Ancistrum deci'unbens, Thunb. fl. cap. 1. p. 142. Ancis- trum latebrosum, Gaertn. fruct. 1. t. 32. Dark AcKna. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1774. PI. 4 to J feet. 5 A. riNNATiFiDA (Uuiz ct Pav. fl. per. 1. p. (58. t. 104. f. 1. b.) plant silky; flowers crowded into cylindrical spikes, lower ones rather remote ; stem erect ; leaves of 3-5 pairs of deeply 3-5-parted leaflets, with the segments linear ; flowers pentandrous or decandrous. Tf..¥. Native of the hills of Chili and the Straits of JNIagellan. Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1271. Fruit covered with glochidate bristles. Pinna I ifd-leaved Acxna. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822. PI. ■J foot. fi A. ixcTsA (Lindl. bot. reg. no. 1271 .) plant erect and silky; leaves of 6-7 pairs of oblong, cimeated, deeply serrated leaflets ; heads of flowers spicate, lower flowers remote. l/.H. Native of Chili, at the baths of Collina near the limits of the snow. Cu<- leaved Acaena. PI. ^ foot. 7 A. myriophv'lla (Lindl. bot. reg. no. 1271.) erect, pubes- cent ; leaves of 7-9 pairs of linear deeply pinnatifid leaflets ; the segments very narrow and silky beneath ; spikes cylindrical, in- terrupted at the base ; fruit ovate, tcmentose, glochidate. I^.F. Native of Chili, about Mendoza. M yriad-leavcd Acaena. PI. i foot. 8 A. SERi'cEA (Jacq. fil. eclog. 1. t. 55.^ flowers collected into globose heads ; stems decumbent ; leaflets obovate, deeply toothed, pubescent, silky on the back. 1/. F. Native of New Spain, at Port Desire. Poterium austr^le, Sal. prod. 2. p. 360. Ancistrum acorna, Lag. nov. spec. p. 7. no. 100. ex Rccm. et Schultes. Silky Acaena. PI. h foot. 9 A. ovi'na (Cunningh. in Fields' new south wales, p. 358.) plant covered with white hairs ; leaflets deeply cut, pinnatifid ; segments oblong, obtuse ; spikes oblong ; lower flowers remote ; stem reclinate, somewhat demersed. 11. H. Native of New Holland, frequent on the moist lands of Bathurst. 97 two opposite leaflets without any micklle one). D. C. prod. 2. ;). 596. Slipulas small. Leaves of 2 opposite leajlets from the middle one being abortive, lateral ones large. Petiole wanting. 25 C. crena'ta (Lin. fil. suppl. 130.) leaflets 2-3, orbicular, adpressed, denticulated, 7-nerved, glabrous. fj . G. Perhaps belonjiing to the preccdini; section. CrcHna'-leaved Cliffortia. I'l. July, Aug. Clt. 1791. Sh. 2 to 3 feet. 26 C. pulche'lla (Lin. fil. suppl. 430.) leaflets 2, orbicular, adpressed, many-nerved, entire, with somewhat erose margins. h . G. Wiild.'spoc. \. p. 839. AVn/ Clillortia. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1795. Shrub U ft. 27 C. cini;'rea (Thunb. prod. p. 93.) leaflets connate, ovate, trigonal, hoary-tomentose. 1; . G. Perhaps belonging to a different section. r,Vt7/ Cliffortia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. PI. 2 feet. Cult. The species of Cliffortia are plants of singular habit, and only deserve to be cultivated on that account. They thrive well in an equal mixture of loam and peat. Cuttings of young wood root freely in sand, under a bell-glass. Order LXXXV. POMA'CE^E (this order contains trees agreeing in important characters with the iqiple and pear). Juss. gen. p. 334. Rich. anal. fr. p. 33. Lindl. Lin. trans. 13. p. 93. introd. nat. ord. p. 83. — Rosacea, Tribe VIII. Pomacese, D. C. prod. 2. p. 626. Calyx superior, 5-toothed (f. 83. a. f. 84. a.), the odd seg- ment posterior. Petals 5 (f. 83. b. f. 84./.), unguiculate, in- serted in the throat of the calyx, the odd one anterior. Stamens indefinite, inserted in a ring in the throat of the calyx (f. 83. e. f. 84. b.). Ovaries from 1-5 (f. 82. e. f. 83. c), adhering more or less to the sides of the calyx (f. 83. c.) and to each other. Ovula usually 2, collateral, ascending, very rarely solitary. Styles from 1-5 (f. 82. j . H. Native of Asia Minor. Branches dark brown. Flowers white. 0/(Ver's ILiwihorn. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1820. Tree 10 to 20 ft. 52 C. Poiretia'na (D. C. prod. 2. p. 630.) leaves ovate, rather coriaceous, cut, and somewhat lobed, glabrous ; stipulas linear-subulate ; spines strong, and very long. V> . H. Native country unknown. Mespilus lineiiris, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 72. Flowers white. Po/Vei's Hawthorn. Fl. May.Ju. Clt. 1810. Tree 20 ft. 53 C. disse'cta (D. C. prod. 2. p. 630.) leaves sessile, gla- brous, green, trifid ; lateral lobes deeply toothed, middle one 3- lobed ; lobules toothed ; branches unarmed, rather tomentose. Jj . H. Native of Persia. Mespilus dissecta, Dum. Cours. bot. cult. ed. 2. vol. 5. p. 456. Flowers white. I)issected-\eaved Hawthorn. Fl. May, June. Tree. 54 C. pectina'ta (Bosc. ined. D. C. prod. 2. p. 630.) leaves pinnatifid, running along the petiole, green ; lobes 5, deeply toothed. t; . H. Native of Persia. AWied to C. tanacetifolia and C. Oliveriana. /"cc^Mfj/e-leaved Hawthorn. Fl. May, July. Tree 20 feet. N.B — There are numerous other garden species, but all remain luidescribed. 1 C. trifoliata, Bosc. 2 C. quinquelobtita, Bosc. 3 C. odo- rata, Bosc. 4 C. obovata, Bosc. 5 C. Jhaesccns, Bosc. 6 C. Jtabellala, Bosc. 7 C. Carpdtica, Lodd. cat. 8 C. Jlorida, Lodd. cat. Cult. The species oi harvlhorn are well fitted for shrubberies or plantations. They are easily propagated by budding or grafting on the common hawthorn. They are all very orna- mental when in blossom. The seeds do not vegetate till the second spring after sowing. II. RH APHIO'LEPIS (from pafic., rhaphis, a needle, and Xt- TTtc, lepis, a scale ; in reference to the narrow subulate bracteas). Lindl. in bot. reg. t. 468. and Lin. trans. 13. p. 105. D. C. prod. 2. p. 630. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Digynia Limb of calyx funnel- shaped, deciduous. Filiments filiform. Ovary 2-celled, 2-styled. Pome closed by a thickened disk, containing a chartaceous putamen. Seeds 2, gibbous ; the testa very thick and coria- ceous.— Trees, natives of China, with evergreen, crcnulated, coriaceous, reticulated leaves. Racemes terminal, usually beset with permanent scale-like bracteas. Petals white, but with the filaments usually red. 1 R. I'ndica (Lindl. in Lin. trans. 13. p. 105.) leaves ovate, acuminated at both ends ; petals ovate, acute ; stamens shorter than the calyx. Ij . F. Native of India and China. Cratae'- gus I'ndica, Lin. spec. 683. Sims, bot. mag. 1726. Schrank, hort. mon. t. 06. Leaves broad. Bracteas subulate, deciduous. Petals white. Filaments red. /HAan Hawthorn. Fl. Feb. Aug. Clt. 1800. Tree. 2 R. LouREi Ri (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 508.) leaves lanceolate, unequally serrated, glabrous ;' flowers corymbose ; petals round- ish. it.F. Native of Cochin-china. Cratae'gus I'ndica, Lour, coch. p. 319. Fruit eatable. Loureiros Indian Hawthorn. Tree 30 feet. 3 R. piieoste'mon (Lindl. coll. no. 3. in a note,) leaves lan- ceolate, acuminated at both ends ; petals roundish ; stamens spreading, longer than the calyx, t? . F. Native of China. R, I ndica, Ker. bot. reg. 468. Petals white. Filaments brown. ^ron'/i-i/rtHicncrf Indian-hawthorn. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1820. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 4H 602 POMACES. II. RiiAPHiOLEPis. III. Cham^emelis. IV. Photinia. V. Eriobotrya. 4 R. Ru*BRA (Lindl. coll. no. 3. t. 3.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends ; petals lanceolate ; stamens straight, longer than the calyx. }} . F. Native of Cochin-china and China. Cratse'gus riabra, Lour. coch. p. 320. Mespilus Sinen- sis, Poir. Flowers reddish. Bed Indian Hawthorn. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 18S0. Tree 30 feet. 5 R. SALiciFOLiA (Lindl. coll. p. 3. in a note, bot. reg. 652.) leaves long, lanceolate ; petals lanceolate, about equal in length to the teeth of the calyx ; stamens coarctate, shorter than the calyx. h . F. Native of China. Racemes panicled. Petals and filaments white. Willow-leaved ImWan Hawthovn. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1S2I. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 6 R. spira'lis ; leaves cuneate-oblong, acute, serrated, coria- ceous, smooth ; racemes terminal, simple, and the pedicels fur- nished with twisted bracteas ; flowers digynous ; calyx villous at the base. V; . F, Native of China. Mespilus spiralis, Blum, bijdr. p. 1102. Sj}iral-hracted Indian Hawthorn. Tree, ■f Names of species rvhich occur in the gardens, hut are most probably identical with some of the above. 1 R. latifhlia, Lodd. cat. 2 R. Ice'vis, Lodd. cat. Cult. The species of Raphiolepis grow freely in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand. Ripened cuttings strike root readily if planted in sand, with a hand-glass placed over them. Some of the species stand our winters very well against a south wall, in the open air, when covered by mats in severe weather. III. CHAM^EME'LIS (from x"/"") chamai, on the ground, and fxriXov, melon, an apple ; in reference to the dvvarfness of the shrub, and with a fruit resembling the apple). Lindl. in Lin. trans. 13. p. 164. t. 11. D. C. prod. 2. p. 631. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Monogijnia. Calyx truncate, 5-toothed. Petals 5, small, erect, erose. Filaments filiform, 10-15. Ovary inferior, 1 -celled. Style 1. Pome closed, baccate, containing a 1 -celled, 1 -seeded, bony nut, havinjj a distinct suture. — A shrub, with simple, coriaceous, shining, obsoletely crenated, evergreen leaves, axillary deciduous stipulas, and racemes of flowers, which are leafy at the base. 1 C. coria'cea (Lindl. 1. c.) T^ . G. Native of Madeira, on the sea cliffs to the eastward of Funchall, about a mile out of the town, along the Canico road. Coriaceous-]eaveA Chamaemelis. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. Cult. See Raphiolejns for culture and propagation. IV. PHOTI'NIA (from (jiuTeivoe, photeinos, shining ; in re- ference to the leaves), Lindl. in Lin. trans. 13. p. 103. D. C. prod. 2. p. 631. Lin. syst. Icos&ndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals reflexed. Ovarium semi-adherent, villous, 2-celled. Styles 2, glabrous. Pericarp 2-celled, inclosed in the fleshy calyx ; testa cartilaginous. — Trees, with simple, coriaceous, evergreen, ser- rated or quite entire leaves. Flowers white, disposed in ter- minal corymbose panicles. Fruit small, smooth. 1 P. serrula'ta (Lindl. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acute, serru- lated ; pedicels longer than the calyx. 1^ . F. Native of Japan and China. Cratse'gus glabra, Thunb. jap, 205. Sims, bot. mag. 2105. Lodd. bot. cab. 248. Colla, hort. rip. t. 36. Leaf-buds large, red. Serrulated-\ea.\edL Photinia. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1804. Tree 10 to 20 feet. 2 P. areutifolia (Lindl. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, distantly serrated ; pedicels longer than the calyx. Tj , F. Na- tive of California. Petioles red, six times shorter than the leaf. Lindl. bot. reg. 491, Cratae'gus arbutifolia. Ait. hort. kew, ed, 2, vol. 3. p. 202. Arbutus-leaved Vhoimm. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1796. Tree 10 to 20 feet. 3 P. INTEGRIFOLIA (Lindl. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, acuminated, quite entire ; panicle diffuse. Jj . F. Native of Nipaul. Pyrus integerrima. Wall, ex D. Don, prod, fl, nep, 237, Pedicels bractless. Ovary 3-celled ; cells biovulate. Entire-leaved Vhouma. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet. 4 P. Du bia (Lindl. 1. c. p. 104. t. 10.) leaves lanceolate, dis- tantly serrated ; panicle corymbose, pilose. Pj . F. Native of Nipaul. Mespilus Bengalensis, Roxb. Mespilus tinctoria, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 238. Crataegus Shicola, Hamilt. mss. Fruit 2-celled. Seed one, large, clothed with a loose testa. Fruit 1 -celled from abortion, and 2-seeded ; hence it is nearly allied to Raphiolepis ex D. Don, 1. c. The bark of this tree is used in Nipaul to dye cotton red. Hamilt. Doubtful Photinia. Clt. 1821. Tree 20 feet, 5 P. Bengale'nsis (Wall. mss. in Lin. soc. herb.) leaves broad, elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous, distantly toothed, tapering to both ends ; panicle thyrsoid, terminal ; calyx downy. Ij , F. Native of Bengal. Flowers white, Bengal Photinia. Tree. 6 P. SiEBOLDi ; leaves cuneate-oblong, obtuse, serrated from the middle to the apex, coriaceous, smooth above, but when in a young state tomentose beneath, as well as the corymbs and calyxes ; flowers seniidigynous. h . F. Native of China. Mes- pilus Sieboldi, Blum, bijdr. 1102. Sichuld's Photinia. Tree. 7 P. l.eNis (D. C. prod. 2. p. 631.) leaves ovate, acuminated, serrated ; umbel of flowers nearly simple. Ij . F. Native of Japan. Cratse'gus Ise'vis, Thunb. fl. jap. 204. Smooth Photinia. Tree 20 feet. 8 P. villosa (D. C. prod. 2. p. 631.) leaves oblong, acumi- nated, serrated, villous ; umbel of flowers compound ; pedicels villous ; fruit villous. Tj . F. Native of Japan. Cratse^gus villosa, Thunb. jap. 204. Fruit villous. Villuus Photinia. Tree. Cult. Trees with fine large shining leaves, and corymbs of whitish flowers, worthy of a place in any garden. For their cul- ture and propagation see Raphiolepis. V. ERIOBO'TRYA (from cpiov, erion, wool, and jSorpve, botrys, a bunch of grapes ; in reference to the bunch of fruit and flowers, which are woolly). Lindl. in Lin. trans. 13. p. 102. D. C. prod. 2. p. 631. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx woolly, bluntly 5- toothed. Petals bearded. Stamens erect, length of the caly- cine teeth. Styles 5, filiform, inclosed, pilose. Pome (f. 81, a.) closed, 3-5-celled. Chalaza none. Radicle inclosed between base of the cotyledons. — Small trees, with tomentose branches, broad simply serrated leaves, which are woolly beneath ; woolly compound terminal racemes of flowers, and subulate deciduous bracteas. Flowers small, white. 1 E. Japonica (Lindl. 1. c.) leaves broad, rather wrinkled, elliptic, serrated, tapering at the base, tomentose beneath ; lobes of calyx rounded. Tj . F. Native of Japan and China. Mes- pilus Japonica, Thunb. jap. 206. Vent. malm. t. 19. Ker. bot. reg. 365. Hort. trans. 3. t. 11. Dekin, ann. gen. sc. ph. 2. p. 368. t. 32. Cratac~gus Bibas, Lour. coch. p. 319. — Pluk. aim. t. 371. f. 2. Fruit middle-sized, pear-shaped, yellow, downy, disposed in large pendulous bunches ; their taste approaches that of the apple. The loquat when it is intended to produce fruit is grafted on the Mespilus vulgaris. It is considered a frame or half hardy tree, but to ripen its fruit with flavour it should have the temperature of the stove ; in which, if planted rOMACE-'E. V. EuioBOTnvA. VI. Cotoseasteu. C0.3 in a border of rich soil, it will add FIG. 81. to the variety of the dessert. Sir Joseph Banks (Hort. trans, vol. 1.) considers it as equally good with that of the mango. Lord Bagot, who has fruited the plant in a very superior manner for several years, at Blithfield, gives the following outline of his practice. " The plan I have usually followed has been to give it a winter (out of doors) during the months of July, Au- gust, and September, and about the middle of October, to replace it in a very warm situation in the tan. This summer, liowever, I was obliged to alter my mode ; for just at the moment when I was going to put it out for its winter, it became covered with at least twenty bunches of the finest flowers possible. I was therefore obliged to let it remain where it was. The present year's treat- ment, therefore, is an exception to the former practice ; under that, it usually breaks into flower about the end of December, and the fruit becomes ripe in March or April. The last time my plant was in fruit, Sir William Coke, wiio had resided many years in Ceylon, says, that he was in the constant habit of eating very large quantities of the fruit daily in that island, but that he had never tasted any so good, and with so much flavour, as those produced in my garden." /a;)an or Common Loquat. Fl. Oct. Clt. 17S7. Tree 10 to 20 feet. 2 E. ELLi'pTiCA (Lindl. 1. c.) leaves flat, elliptic, obscurely toothed, naked above, and clothed with deciduous tomentum be- neath, rounded at the base ; thyrse compound, terminal, cloth- ed with fulvous tomentum ; calycine lobes oblong. Tj . F. Na- tive of Nipaul. Mespilus Cuila, Hamilt. mss. in D. Don, prod, fl. nep. p. 23S. Flowers white. Fruit downy, yellow. Elliptic-leaved Loquat. Clt. 1823. Tree 30 feet. 3 E. corda'ta (Lindl. 1. c.) leaves cordate, obtuse, serrated. Tj . F. Native of Peru. Mespilus lanugin6sa, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. t. 425. f. 1. Cratae'gus ferruginea. Pars. ench. 2. p. 372. Leaves clothed with rusty villi beneath. Fruit round, glabrous. Cordate-leaved Loquat. Tree. 4 E. OBTLSiFOLiA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 632.) leaves ovate, ob- tuse, serrated, glabrous, glaucous beneath ; flowers corymbose, pubescent. \^ . F. Native of Peru. Cratae'gus obtusifolia, Pers. ench. 2. p. 37. Obtuse-leaved Loquat. Tree. 5 E. ? Chine'nsis ; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, serrulated, rather villous on the middle nerve beneath ; peduncles axillary, crowded, villous ; calyxes villous ; flowers pentagynous. fj . F. Native of China. Mespilus Chinensis, Blum, bijdr. 1102. China Loquat. Tree. Cult. See Baphiolepis for culture and propagation. VI. COTONEA'STER (from Cotoneum, the Quince-tree, and aster, an aflixed signification, like ; similar downy leaves). Medik. gesch. bot. 1793. Lindl. in Lin. trans. 13. p. 101. D. C. prod. 2. p. 632. LiN. SYST. Icosdndria, Di-Trigynia. Flowers polygamous from abortion. Calyx turbinate, bluntly 5-toothed. Petals short, erect. Stamens length of the teeth of the calyx. Styles gla- brous, shorter than the stamens. Carpels 2-3, parietal, biovu- late, inclosed in the calyx. — Shrubs, with simple quite entire leaves, which are generally woolly beneath. Corymbs lateral, spreading, furnished with deciduous subulate bracteas. Petals small, permanent. • Leaves deciduous. 1 C. vl'i,oa'ris (Lindl. 1. c.) leaves oval, rounded at the base, tomentose beneath ; calyxes and peduncks glabrous ; peduncles dichotomous, few-flowered. ^ . H. Native of Europe and Siberia, on hills. In North Wales, upon the cliffs of Llandudno, at Ormeshead. Hook, in engl. bot. suppl. t. 27 13. Mespilus Cotoncaster, Lin. spec. G8G. Fl. dan. 112. Pall. II. ross. 1. t. 14. Flowers reddish. Fruit first green, then yellow, then red, and finally black. far. «, crijthrocurpu (Led. fl. alt. 2. p. 219.) fiuit rod when mature. Var. jy, melanoc^irpa (Led. 1. c.) fruit black when ripe. Mes- pilus Cotoneaster, Pall. fl. ross. 1. p. 30. t. 14. Mespilus mela- noearpa, Fisch. in htt. J'ar. y, dcpressa (Fries, nov. suec. p. 9.) shrub rather thorny; leaves Lanceolate, acutish ; fruit of 4 carpels. (; . H. Native of Sweden, on rocks near Warberg. Co7HHiOH Cotoneaster. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1G3G. .Shrub 3 to 5 feet. 2 C. UNiFLORA (Bunge in Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 2G9.) leaves oblong, attenuated at both ends, glabrous above, and pubescent beneath ; peduncles very short, 1 -flowered, and are, as well as the calyxes, glabrous. Ij . II. Native of Siberia, in subalpine places. Uva-ursi. Pall. itin. 2. p. 5G8. Petals greenish white. Styles 3. Pome globose, red. One-Jlowercd Cotoneaster. Fl. June. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 3 C. Mui.TiFLOKA (Bungc in Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 274.) leaves roundish-oval, attenuated at the base, rounded at the apex, emarginate or with a mucrone, rather puberulous beneath, quite glabrous above ; peduncles dichotomous, many-flowered, longer than the leaves, and are, as well as the calyxes, glabrous. 1; . H . Native of Siberia, in the Soongarian desert, among rocks on the mountains of Tschingis-tau and Dschigilen. Pome ob- long, purple, 2-3-seeded. Mamj-Jloncred Cotoneaster. Shrub 3 to 5 feet. 4 C. TOMESTOSA (Lindl. I. c.) leaves elliptic, obtuse at both ends, tomentose beneath; calyx and peduncles woolly. ^ . H. Native of the south of Europe, on the .Mps. Mespilus tomen- tosa, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1012. but not of Lam. Mespilus erio- carpa, D. C. fl. fr. synop. and suppl. no. 3691. Tomentose Coioneasiex. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1759. Shrub S to G feet. 5 C. AFiiNis (Lindl. 1. c.) leaves ovate or obovate, mucronu- late, attenuated at the base, woolly beneath, as well as the pe- tioles, peduncles, and calyxes; peduncles lateral, corymbose, twice-forked, many-flowered. It . H. Native of Nipaul, about Chitlong. Mespilus intcgerrima, Hamilt. mss. Mespilus affi- nis, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 238. Allied Cotoneaster. Fl. Ap. May. Clt. 1828. Sh. 3 to 4 feet. 6 C. ACUMINATA (Lindl. 1. c. t. 9.) leaves ovate, acuminated, pubescent on both surfaces ; calyxes and peduncles jjubesccnt ; peduncles usually 3-rtowered. h . U. Native of Nipaul. Pe- duncles shorter than those of the preceding species, 1-2, some- what reflexed. Mespilus acuminata, Lodd. bot. cab. 919. ^cMm;na/c(/-leaved Cotoneaster. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1820. Shrub 3 to 5 feet. , „ ^ , 7 C. BACiLLARis(W.-iIl. iiicd. Lindl. bot. reg. no. 1229.) leaves obovate, drawn down into the petiole, glabrous ; cymes many- flowered, divaricate, and are, as well as the branches, pdose. 1^ . F. Native of Kamaon. ' Rod Cotoneaster. Shrub. 8 C. obtl'sa (Wall. ined. ex Lindl. bot. reg. no. 1229.) leaves ovate or obovate, glabrous beneath ; cymes crowded, many- 4 u2 604 POMACES. VI. COTONEASIER. VII. AlIELANCHIER. VIII. MeSPILUS. flowered, and are, as well as the brandies, glabrous. Tj . H. Native of the mountains of Nipaul and Kamaon. Obtusc-\ea.\ed Cotoneaster. Shrub. 9 C. LAXiFLORA (Jacq. ex Lindl. bot. reg. 1305.) leaves ob- long, obtuse at both ends, woolly beneath ; cymes panicled, pilose ; calyxes quite smooth. V^ . H, Native country unknown. Flowers pink. Loose-Jfoweicd Cotoneaster. Fl. April. Clt. 1826. Shrub 3 to 5 feet. 10 C. fri'gida (Wall, ex Lindl. bot. reg. 1229.) leaves oval- lanceolate, tomentose beneath ; cymes woolly, many-flowered. Ij.H. Native of Gosaingsthan. Flowers white. Fruit sphe- rical, red. Frigid Cotoneaster. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1824. Shrub 10 ft. * * Leaves evergreen. 11 C. ROTUNDiFOLiA (Wall. Cat. Lindl. bot. reg. no. 1229.) leaves roundish, pilose beneath, evergreen; peduncles 1 -flow- ered. 12 • H. Native of Gosaingsthan. Cot. microphy'lla /3, UVa-iirsi, Lindl. bot. reg. 1187. C. UVa-ursi, Hort. ex Loud, hort. brit. p. 480. Flowers white. Bound-leaved Cotoneaster. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1825. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 12 C. microphy'lla (Wall, ex Lindl. bot. reg. 1114.) leaves oblong-cuneated, pubescent beneath, evergreen ; peduncles usually 1 -flowered. I^ . H. Native of Gosaingsthan. Flowers white. Small-leaved Cotoneaster. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1824. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 13 C. BUXiFOLiA (Wall. cat. ex Lindl. bot. reg. 1229.) leaves ovate, woolly beneath, evergreen ; peduncles ."-flowered, woolly. T^ . H. Native of Neelgherry. Flowers white. Box-leaved Cotoneaster. Fl. Ap. May. Clt. 1824. Sh. 3 to 4 ft. Cult. All the species of Cotoneaster are well fitted for shrub- beries ; they are easily increased by laying down the branches or by cuttings, which should be planted in a sheltered situation, with a hand-glass placed over them ; they are also propagated by separating the suckers from the roots or by seeds. VII. AMELA'NCHIER (the Savoy name of the medlar). Medik. gesch. 1792. Lindl. in Lin. trans. 13. p. 100. D. C. prod. 2. p. 632. Lin. syst. Icosdiidria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 82. c). Petals lanceolate (f. 82. a.). Stamens leather shorter than the calyx. Ovarium of 10 cells, or of 5 bipartite ones (f. 82. e.). Ovula 10, solitary in the partitions of the cells. Styles 5 (f. 82. d.), joined together a little at the base. Pome (f. 82. (/.), when mature 3-5-celled. Seeds 3-5 ; endocarp cartilaginous. — Small trees, with simple, serrated, deciduous leaves, and racemes of white flowers. Bracteas linear- lanceolate, deciduous. 1 A. vuLGA'Ris(Mcench. meth. 682.) leaves roundish-oval, blunt- ish, pubescent beneath, at length glabrous. F; . H. Native of Eu- rope, in rugged places. Mespilus Amelancliier, Lin. spec. 685. Jacq. fl. aust. t. 300. Sims, bot. mag. t. £430. Mill. fig. 178. f. 1. Pyrus Amelancliier, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1015. Aronia rotundifolia, Pers. ench. 2. p. 39. Cratae'gus rotundifolia. Lam. Sorbus Ame- lanchier, Crantz. Pome dark pur- ple. Common Amelanchier. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1596. Sh. 3 to 4 ft. FIG. 82. 2 A. Botrya'piuji (D. C. prod. 2. p. 632.) leaves oblong-el- liptic, cuspidate, when young rather villous, but at length gla- brous. T; . H. Native throughout Canada, Newfoundland, and Virginia ; plentiful in the higher parts of the Columbia. A. grandiflora, Dougl. mss. Mespilus Canadensis, Lin. spec. 185. Cratae'gus racemosa. Lam. diet. 1. p. 84. Pyrus botry- apium, Lin. fil. suppl. 255. Aronia botrydpium, Pers. ench. 2. p. 39. Mespilus arborea, Michx. arb. fr. ed. gall. vol. 2. p. 70. t. 66. Pome purple. Grape-pear or Canadian Medlar. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1746. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 3 A. ovA^Lis (D. C. prod. 2. p. 632.) leaves roundish-elliptic, acute, when young rather velvety beneath, but when in an adult state glabrous ; racemes coarctate ; petals obovate ; calyx pu- bescent. I; . H. Native of North America, throughout Canada, from Lake Huron to the Saskatchawan and Mackenzie rivers, and as far as the Rocky Mountains. Cratae'gus spicata. Lam, diet. 1. p. 84. Pyrus ovalis, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1014. Aronia ovalis, Pers. ench. 2. p. 40. Mespilus Amelanchier, AValt. car. p. 184.? Var. /3, semi-mlegrifolia (Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 201.) leaves for the most part serrated at the apex. tj . H. Native about the Grand Rapids and at Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia, and on the high grounds of the Multnomak river. Far. y, subcordala (D. C. prod. 2. p. 632.) leaves rather cor- date at the base. \^ . H. Native on the mountains of Nevi- York. Aronia subcordata, Rafin. in litt, Malus microcarpa, Rafin. dec. Dr. Richardson observes that the A. ovalis " abounds on the sandy plains of the Saskatchawan. Its wood, named by the Crees Meesassquat-ahticlc, is prized for making arrows and pipe- stems, and is thence termed by the Canadian voyagers Bois de Jleche. Its berries, about the size of a pea, are the finest fruit in the country, and are used by the Crees under the name of l\Ieesasscootoom-meena, both in a fresh and dried state. They make a pleasant addition to pemmican, and make excellent pud- dings, very little inferior to plum-pudding." Oval-\ea\eA Amelanchier. Fl. Ap. May. Clt. 1 800. Sh. 6 to 8 ft. 4 A. sangui'nea (D. C. prod. 2. p. Q3o.) leaves oblong, rounded at both ends, sharply serrated, always naked ; bracteas and stipulas feathery ; racemes capitate ; calyx glabrous on the outside. I; . H. Native of North America, in Canada, Hud- son's Bay, Columbia, Lake Huron, Newfoundland, plains of the Saskatchawan. Lindl. bot. reg. 1171. Pyrus sanguinea, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 240. Aronia sanguinea, Nutt. Mes- pilus Canadensis y, rotundifolia, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 391. Fruit blackish purple, eatable. The leaves are hairy when young. It differs principally from y^. 6o/j-yoy.2»m in the fewer flowers, much shorter raceme, and shorter, broader, and more ovate petals. i?/ooc?^-fruited Amelanchier. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1800. Shrub 4 to 8 feet. Cull. See Cotoneaster for culture and propagation. VIII. ME'SPILUS (from fierroQ, mesos, the half, and ttiXoc, j)ilos, a bullet ; fruit resembling half a bullet). Lindl. in Lin. trans. 13. p. 99. D. C. prod. 2. p. 633. — Mespilus species of Lin. and others. — Mespilophora species of Neck. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Di-Pentagijnia. Calyx 5-cleft (f. S3, a.), the segments foliaceous (f. 83. «.). Petals nearly orbi- cular (f. 83. b. g.}. Disk large, full of honey. Styles 2-5 (f. 83. /.), glabrous. Pome turbinate, open, 5-celled. Endocarp bony. In a wild state the trees are furnished with spines, but in the cultivated state they are unarmed. Leaves lanceolate, serrulated, deciduous. Flowers large, nearly sessile, usually so- litary, white. Bracteas permanent, POMACES. VIII. xMespilus. IX. Osteomelis. X. Pyrus. G05 1 M. Gehma'nica (Lin. spec. C8t.) leaves lanceolate, undi- vided, a little downy, but mostso beneath ; flowers solitary. Jj • "• Native of Europe and Siberia, in woods and amoni;; buslies ; in England, in all the hedges about Minshill, Cliesliire ; about Asliburnham, Sussex, truly wild. Smith, engl. bot. 1523. Gairtn. fr. 2. p. 43. t. 87. Duliam. arbr. 2. t. 4. Pall. fl. ross. 1. 13. f. 1. far. a, sijlveslris (Mill. diet. no. 1.) thorny ; fruit small. — Wild Medlar, Nijlicr du hois. Fruit obovate, middle-sized, dry, and worthless. Var. li, stricta (D. C. prod. 2. p. 633.) unarmed ; leaves doubly serrated. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 172. J'ar. y, diffusa (D. C. prod. 2. p. G33.) unarmed ; leaves almost entire. Ait. I. c. Duhani. arb. fr. 1. t. 3. Seeds usually abortive. The following garden medlars belong to this variety : 1 Blake's large medlar. 2 Dutch medlar, common, large Dutch, broad-leaved Dutch, large-fruited, large German, nejlier a gros fruit, ncflier de Hoi- lande a gros fruit. Fruit large, oblate. The largest of any, but not so good as the following. 3 Nottingham medlar, common, small-fruited, narrow-leaved Dutch. Fruit obovate, middle-sized. This is the best of all the medlars. 4 Stoneless medlar, neflier sans noyeau, ncflier sans I't'j'ins, French medlar. Fruit small, obovate, of little merit. Use. — The medlar is eaten raw in a state of incipient decay ; its taste and flavour are peculiar, and by some much esteemed. Propagation. — By seeds, by layers, or by grafting on seed- lings of their own species, or on any kind of plant of Pomaccce. Miller observes that if the stones are taken out of the fruit as soon as it is ripe, and immediately planted, they will come up the following spring and make good plants in two years. He prefers raising from seed to grafting on the Crutce'gus. Forsyth says, " those who wish to keep the sorts true, should propagate them by grafting on their own stocks." Soil. — The soil in which the medlar thrives best is a loamy rich earth, rather moist than dry, but not on a wet bottom. Final planting. — The medlar, like the quince, is usually grown as standards or espaliers ; the former may be planted from 20 to 30, and the latter from 15 to 20 feet apart. Mode of bearing. — On small spurs at the ends and sides of the branches. Pruning. — Forsyth recommends the same sort of treatment as for the quince. Cut out all the dead and cankery wood, and keep the tree thin of branches, when it is desired to have large fruit. Care is requisite to train standards with tall stems. Es- paliers will require a summer and winter pruning, as in the apple tree. German or Common Medlar. Fl. May, July. Britain. Tree 10 to 20 feet. 2 M. Smi'tiiii (D. C. prod. 2. p. 633.) leaves oblong, elliptic, serrated, pubescent on the nerves beneath ; flowers usually solitary. Jj . H. Native country unknown. M. grandiflora. Smith, exot. bot. 1. p. 53. t. 18. Flowers white, one half smaller than those of the common medlar. Stipulas of the sterile branches large and folia- ceous. Smith's MeiWar. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. ? Tree 20 feet. Cult. For culture and propa- gation see common medlar. IX. OSTEOME'LIS (from oareoi; osteon, a bone, and fii]\oi; melon, an apple ; in reference to the bony endocarp). Lindl. in Lin. trans. 13. p. 98. t. 8. D. C. prod. 2. p. 633. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, I'entagijnia. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals ob- long, flat, spreading. Stamens erect. Styles 5,exserted, length of stamens, bearded below, permanent. Ovary 5-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Pome closed, woolly; endocarp bony. — A shrub with pinnate leaves, entire leaflets, and opposite subulate brac- teas under the calyxes. 1 O. ANTHvLLiDiFOLiA (Lindl. 1. c). 1^ . G. Native of thf Sandwich Islands. Pyrus anthyllidifolia. Smith, in Recs' cycl. no. 29. Flowers subcorymbose. Fruit small, crowned by the styles and calyx. Kidney-vctch-leaved Osteomelis. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam and peat will suit this shrub, and ripened cuttings will probably root if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them. But the best and surest method of increasing it, when it shall be introduced to the gar- dens, would be to graft it on the Cijdonia Japonica. X. PY'RUS (peren, Celtic for the pear). Lindl. in Liii. trans. 13. p. 97. D. C. prod. 2. p. G33.— Pyrus, Mains and Sorbus, Tourn — Pyrus and Sorbus, Lin. — Pyrophorum and Apyropliorum, Neck. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Pentagi'/nia. Calyx with an urceo- late tube, and a 5-lobed limb. Petals roundish. Styles usually 5, rarely 2 or 3. Pome closed, 5-cellcd ; piitamen cartilaginous. Seeds 2 in each cell ; testa cartilaginous Trees or shrubs, with simple or pinnate leaves, and terminal, many-flowered cymes. Bracteas subulate, deciduous. Sect. I. Pyro'phorum (from pyrus, a pear, and ^optw, phoreo, to bear ; the trees contained in this section bear pears). D. C, prod. 2. p. 633. Petals flat, spreading. Styles 5, free. Pome more or less turbinate or nearly globose, never umbilicate at the base, as in the apple section. Pedicels simple, umbellate. Leaves simple, glandless. 1 P. coMMU Nis (Lin. spec. GSG.) leaves ovate, serrated, gla- brous on both surfaces, as well as the buds and branches ; pe- duncles umbellate. Ij . H. Native of Euro))e, in woods antl hedges ; plentiful in some parts of Britain. Smith, engl. bot. 1784. P. A'chas, Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 44. t. 87. P. sylvestris, Dod. pempt. 800. Pyraster, Ray, syn. 452. The tree is thorny in a wild state, but unarmed in the cultivated state. Var. -< \v Saint Martial. franc-rial gros. cristalline. 21 angelique deRome y. g. b. obo. 2 T C 2 10 s A good bearer 22 Aiigleterre - - b. r. pyr. 2 r B 2 10 s a.s a standard : beurri tt Anglc- quality infe- tcrre. rior to brown 23 Angloterre des beurrfi. Cliartreux. 24 Angleterred'hiver y.b. pyr. 2 K C 11,3 s .\lthough this angoisse (pair iT ), and tlie two see winter bon preceding bear chritien. tile name of apolhekerhirne. this country, lomnier.see sum- they have only mer bon Chre- t)een met with tien. in French col- archiduc d'ete, see lections. amire Joannet. Arminii; see dou- ble Heur. 25 Asclirapaiarmudi. 26 Aston Town - y.g.b. ro. 3 T B 1 10,11 s A good stan- (/'ai/cA, seeColmar. dard pear. Auchan, blacky see black Achaii. 27 auch chisel. 28 augustbirne j.r. obo. 2 T C 2 9 s aurate, see muscat de Nancy. - g- h.g. y. b. b. r. obo. obi. 11,3 10, 12 10 10,11 12,1 10 11,2 3 = Not fruited but said to be xcellent. Peculiar plca^ sant flavour, steemed by some. Excellent stewed. Resembles the chaumontel in flavour. Rather gritty n when Slewed. 610 POMACES. X. Pyrus. Name. j Form. Size. Use. Texture. Quality. Season. = c Remarks. Name. 3 0 Form. Size. Use. 1 Texture. Quality. Season. 3 C Remarks. 129 blanquet gros see bergamotte rond. de Soulers. 130 blanquet alongue Bosch, see Flem- queue P-g- pyr. 3 T J 2 7 s ish beauty. long stalked blan- 48 bossurgan armudi quet. boiiche nouvelle. 131 blanquet petit - p. y. pyr. 3 T J 2 8 s see Flemish hlanquette. beauty. poir a la perle. deBourdeaux,&ee bon Chretien d bezi d'Heri. Audi, see win- 149 Bourbon musque y. ro. 3 T 3 8 S Soon decays. ter bon cbre- 150 bourdon du roi tien. 151 bouvier d'au- 132 blatzbirne - - P 10 tomne. 133 bloody baker - K 152 Boyle farm wild- 134 bon Carmelite ing. 135 bon Chretien de 153 braas Hardwick. Bruxelles. 154 Braddick - - b. obo. 2 T C 3 11,12 S 136 bon Chretien dore y. pyr. 1 K C 2 11,12 s Braddick's field 137 bonchretiend'ete standard, see musque. Marie Louise. 138 bon Chretien faux 155 Braddick d'hi- 139 bon cliretien fon- ver. dant . - - g. b. obi. 1 T J 1 10,11 s Has a cool re- 156 bratbirne 4 feuil- 140 bon Chretien, freshing juice les luisantes P 9,10 Langley's sum- like the St. 157 Bretagne. mer. Germain: tree 158 briery bush. 141 bon Chretien, hardier, and a brilliant, see Spanish - - y. r. pyr. 1 K C 1 11,12 sw good bearer ; Flemish beauty 142 bon Chretien, a very excel- brule bonne, see summer - - y. pyr. I T C 2 9 w lent pear. de foret. bon Chretien d'ete 159 Bryan Edwards's g. obo. 2 T J 2 11 S sommer apothe- bujaleuf, see vir- kerbirne. gouleuse. gratioli. 160 Buffam's - - p. y. obo. 2 T B 9 S gratioli d'ete. 161 de buisson y. b. ro. 3 P gratioli di Roma 162 burgermeester b. rus. pyr. 2T B 1 U S sommer gute 163 Burghill. christenbirue. 164 butterbirne, gel- 143 bon Chretien du be sommer - y- ro. 2 T B 2 8,9 S Rhin. butterbirne weisse 144 bon Chretien, 7ier6s/, see white Rushmore's. doyenne. 1 45 bon Chretien turc b. y. oho. 1 K C 2 11,3 s Hardy: fruit Cadillac, see ca- bon Chretien de large : a great tillac. Vernoi. T bearer. caillot rosat d'ete, bon Chretien nou- see summer velle. rose. Flemish bon caillot rosat d'hi- Chretien. ver, see Malte. 146 bon Chretien, 165 caillot rosat, En- William's - g- y- 0. pyr. 1 1 B 2 8,9 s Soon decays. glish - - g. b. r. 0. pyr. 1 T J 1 8 S A good bearer. 147 ton Chretien, irr. 166 calebasse - - y. rus. obi. 2 T C 2 10 s Abundant winter - - b. y. pyr. 1 K C 2 12,3 w Sugary and calebassc double bearer ; crisp, bon Chretien d' T rich, but gene- extra. with sugary hiver. rally gritty. heurre de Pay- juice. bon Chretien d' euce. Auch. calebasseBosc, see ban Chretien di heurre Rose. Tours. calebasse vass, see bon Chretien de heurre de Ca- Vernon. piamont. d^Angoisse. cadet, see berga- bonne-ente, see motte cadet. white doyenne 167 cadet de vaux g-y- 0. pyr. 1 T B 2 9, 10 s bonne de Malines 168 campanelle P see winter ne- Capiamont, see lis - - - beurre Capiau- la bonne Mali- mont. naise, see ib. 169 capucin - - b.g. obi. 1 T C 2 1,2 s bonne de Kienz 170 carels d'hiver. heim, see vallef Carlisle,see white franche. doyenne. bonne rouge, see Carmelite mus- Gansel's ber- 9H(?c, see gross gamot. Romaine. bonne de Soulers cassante de Brest POMACEiE. X. Pyrus. 611 1 1 £ >, ^ Name. 3 § 1 s' S 1 1 1 ii Remarks. cS ^ m s H a Id z ■= sec iiiconuue chcncau. 171 cassolette - - y-g- pyr. 3 T T 3 9 Musky. miisrat rert. friolel. Uche friandf. 172 Catharine. 173 Catharine, early certcait, pc/il^ sec bellissimedau- tomne. 171 catillac - ■ b.y.r. )r. tur. 1 K C 12,4 s Succeeds well cadiUac. is a dwarf or belt pear. quenouille. grand monarque groote mogul. de livre (of some) pound pear, ib. Katzenkopf. 175 chair H dame - rus. obo. 2 T C 2 8 s Perfumed. chere Adame. chambrette, see virgouleuse. I7G champ riche d' Italic. Chapman^s, see passe colmar. 177 Chaptal - - b. obo. 1 K C 1 12,4 s Good bearer. 178 Charles d'Au- triche. Charles d'Ju- trtche, see Xa- polcon. 179 Charlotte petite y- pjT. 3 P 9 s 180 Charnock. early CharnocU. Scotch Charnock. Drummond. 181 chat-brule rus. PJT. 3 c 3 11,12 s WortMess. pucelle de sain- tonge. 182 chaumontel y.b. obi. 1 T B 1 11,3 ws Succeeds well bezi de chaumon- trained as a tet. pyramid or beurre d'hiver. quenouille. winter beurre. Oxford chaumon' tet. chaumontel tr^s grot, see Eas- ter beurre. ;18.3 chaumontel new. 184 chefrain. cheneau, see in- connuecheneau 1185 cheminette. 186 cholwell. jl87 chomel P- g- pyr. 1 c 3 10 s Large, but 188 Chretien rouge. worthless. 189 chuchamps. j chypre (pair de). see rousselettc hative. 190 citron des Cannes y- s- obo. 2 T J 1 7 s .\ good bearer. Madeleine. and one of the rose angle early. best early citron de Septem- pears. bre, see white doyenni. 191 citron de Sierenz y. r. obo. 2 T c 2 7,8 s Resembles the 192 citron descarmes citron des car- panachfe. mcs, but is in- 193 citronelle. ferior. 194 cluster - - - y-e- obo. 3 c 3 8 s 195 de cochon - - b.y. ro. 3 P 10 196 colmar - - - e- y- b. 0. p)T. 2 T B 1 11,2 w One of the old dAuch. 1 pears, which colmar don: incomparable. Clytiesdah', see Kilwimiing. 197 colmar, autumn lim colmar Rose, lyy colmar chasscns ^mar cpitii'tix, see passe col- mar. " U) f 5 IB MS 275 ipine H'eti cou- lour rose. 276 epine J'liiver y-g- oho. 2 T B 2 11,1 S winter thorn. i'pine rose, see summer rose. 277 *tranglte - - y. r. obi. 1 K C 9, 10 S fusie. 278 excellent de co- loma. 279 famenga g.y.b. obo. 2 T J 1 9 \vs A Portugal •280 farrow cow >• 0. pyr. 1 3 8 s pear : very 281 de fer. ^ood. Jwld standard. Braddick's, see Marie Louise. 282 figue , - - b.g. obi. •. T J 2 9 s pistolette. prince de Ligne. 283 figue de Naples b. r. obi. T B 1 11 s Tree vigorous. 284 fin or d'^te. fin or d'hiver, see franc real d'hi- ver. 285 Fingal's pear. ellanrioch. fieur de Guignes, see sans peau. /ondanteySee sum- mer franc real. fondante musquee, seeepined'ete. 28(! Flemish beauty rus. r. obo. T B 9,10 s Must be ga- la belle de Flan- thered early. dres. bouche nouvelle. fondante du bois (of some). brilliant. imperatrice de France. Bosch. 287 fondante d'au- tomne. 288 fondante du bois g- y- obo. 2 T J 1 12,2 s ilesembles the fondante du bois. passe colmar. see Flemish beauty. fondante de Brest, see inconnue cheneau. 289 fondante du bois, nouvelle. 290 fondante hative. fondante de Mons, see passe col- mar. 291 fondante de No- vembre - - I'- g- rou. i T i : 10,11 s fondante de Pani- sel, see passe colmar. 292 fondante, new Mechlin. 293 fondante de pe- pins. 294 fondante rouge rus. obi. 2 T J 2 12 s Juicy and su- 2U5 fondante Van gary, but Mons - - p. y. ro. 2 T J 11 s gritty. 29fi De Fontaine - P 21)7 forelle - - - y- g- r. obo. 2 T B 11,1 ws Beautifully poire truite. speckled like forellenbirne. a trout ; flesh 298 foret (poire de) p- g- y- obi. 2 r J 2 9 s tender. grise bonne. brule bonne. forme de Marie ' Name. .2 i .i 4) 1 i c 3 C Remarki. 0 £ 71 U H ot Kl S-= Louise, see Marie Louise. 2')!) forme de deliccs y. rus. obo. 2 V B 1 10, 11 s 300 forme de Kous- sclct - . - rus. obo. 2 T J 2 !) s 301 Fourcroy. merceille de la nature. 302 Foxley - - - y. b. obo. 2 T J 2 11 s [for perry. Probably gooil Peculiarly 303 franchipane - p. y. r. pyr. 2 T C 2 10, 11 s franc real, gros, perfumed fla- see angeliqut' vour. de Bordeaux. 304 Francis the Se- cond . . - p. y. obo. 2 K C 10 s 305 franc real d'hi- ver - - . b. y. ro. obo. 2 K c 1 12,3 s Stews tender franc real. and of a bright fin or d'hiver. light purple 30c franc real, sum- colour. mer - - - y- g- obo. 2 T B 1 9 s A good bearer; franc real d'ete. succeeds the fondante,o[some jargonelle. gros micet d'ete. 307 Franqueville. P Frauenschenkel, see jargonelle. friolet, see casso- lette. fusee, see etran- gl^e.^ , garde d'Ecosse, see Gilogil. geisshirtle, see rousselet de Stuttgart. 308 Garnon's - y- g- obi. 1 T B 1 1 s 30!l Garnstone. 310 gendeseim - - p- g- y- o.pyr. 1 T B 1 10,11 s Good bearer 311 George Mackin- tosh. German baker,see and hardy. Uvedale'sSaint Germain. 312 Gilogil - - - rus. ro. 1 K C 2 11,2 s \'ery large and Gillogille. handsome. garde d* Ecosse. Jilogil. poire a gohert. glace (poire), see virgouleuse. 313 glaucelle. 314 glout morceau I'-g- obt.ell 1 T B 1 11,1 ws Hardy ; good gloui morceaux. bearer; excel- beurre d' Har- lent; hangs denpont. late on the Hardenpont d* tree. Hiver. beurre d'Arem- berg (olsome) got luc de Cam- broti. kronprinz Fer- dinand. kronprinz Fer- dinand f^onOes- treich. linden d'automne roi de IVurtem- berg. 315 glout morceau de Cambron. b.g. obi. 2 T C 2 11, 12 s goberi {poire a), see gilogil. 318 golden knap - b. y. ro. 3 T C 2 10 s Worthle«>, Goodman pear,sev being too small. Kilwinning. 1 614, POMACEiE. X. Pyrus. ot luc de Cam- broil, see glout morceau. 317 golden knap,bog miln. 318 golden knap, Gourdie Hill. 319 governor Stuy vesant's. gracioti, see sum^ mer bon chre tien. 320 grande Bretagne d'automne. 321 grande Bretagne doree d'hiver, grande Bretagne doree fondante~ 322 grande Bretagne raansuette. 323 grand dauphin grand monarque, see catillac. gratiole d'ete, see summer bon Chretien. gratioli di Roma, see summer bon Chretien. 324 Grange. 325 green chisel 326 green honey. 327 green juneating, 328 green pear of Laxton. 329 greenpearofYair green Yair. 330 green Pinkie. green sugar, : Sucre vert and green chisel 331 green sweeter. 332 grey goodwife. grise bonne, s poire de foret. groote mogul, see catillac. gros DiUen, see beurre Diel. gros gobet, se Gilogil. 333 gros anglois. 334 gros carisi blanc. 335 grosse poire k cuire 336 grosse Margue- rite. gros micet d^ete, see summer franc real. 337 grosse sauge - 338 gros vert. 339 griine mostbirne 340 grumkower win- terbirne 341 guerre (poire de) petit hrygs. gute christen birne, see summer bon Chretien. 342 Guillaume de Nassau. 343 Haegensd'hiver pyr. pyr. 10, H Has little merit. 11,12 12,1 Good bearer: fruit juicy, almost first- rate. Pijrus Stthim- /dHa, extreme- ly austere. 344 Hampton Court. 345 Hampton rough. 346 hanging leaf. Hardenpont du printemps, see beurre ranee. Hardenpont d'hi- ver, see glout morceau. 347 Harrison's large fall. 348 hativau. 349 hativaudelaforet hazel, see hessel. 350 Henri Quatre 351 henkel d'hiver. 352 hepworth - - 353 hessel - - - hazel. 354 hennenbirne - 355 Highbury. 356 highlander. 357 hochheimer but- terbirne 358 Holland green. 359 Holmer. 360 honey. 361 house. 362 de huchet - - 363 huffcap, brown 364 huffcap, green 365 huffcap, red 366 huffcap, yellow 367 Huntingdon, early. 368 hussein armudi. 369 husthwaite 370 Ickworth. 371 imperiale a feuil les de chene. kaiserbirne mit eichen bUitt. 372 imperatrice d'ete imperatrice de France, see Flemish beauty 373 imperial,Ricker- by. 374 incommunicable. 375 incomparable, H aeon's Downham seed- ling able, see 379 incompa\ colmar. 376 inconnueAngou- leme. 377 inconnue argen- tine. 378 inconnue che- neau - - cheneau. cassante de Brest fondantede Brest inconnue cra- moisine - inconnue la fare, see St.Gerniain 380 inconnue lillie. jsambert, see brown beurre. jsambert Ic bon see ditto. 381 de Jacop Italic, poire rf' see sanguine. 382 Jacquin. y-g- y. b. pyr. ro. oho. oho. obo. b.g. o. pyr. pyr. 9,10 10 4,5 8,9 10,11 9,10 Better than the poire de fdret. Good bearer. Great bearer. Quite wortli- Good perry pear. Would require a wall, but does not de- serve it. Hardy ; good bearer : excel- lent. A large sort, but of mode- rate quality. POMACES. X, Pyrus. fil5 2 = jagdbinw. sec ^cliiisseric. jagl, see do. 383 jallai ballarde. 384 jalousie - - 385 jalve, poire dc. 386 James - - - Jamittette, see Sabine. 387 Janet, red 388 jargonelle (of the English) epargne. grosse cuisse ma- dame. beau present. Saint Lambert. Saint Sampson. poire di;s tables des princes. frauenschenket. sweet summer. 389 jargonelle (of the French) - - bellissime d'ete, supreme, bellissime su- preme. bellissime jargo- nelle. vermilion d'ete. 390 Jean de Witte. 391 Jetferson. 392 Jennet, green 393 jeschil armudi Jilogil, see gilogil. /oa Me^/f, see amire Joannet. 394 John. 395 Josephine. colmar Josephine 396 Julienne. Katzenkopf, see catillac. 397 kaiser. kaiser d'automne, see white do- yenne. kaiserbirne mil eichen blatt^ see imperiale i feuilles de chene. 398 kanneel. 399 ket-herd - - de kienzheim, see vallee Tranche. 400 Kilwinning elsenhaft. Goodman pear. Clydesdale. 401 king. 402 king Edward's. 403 Knight d'hiver. 404 Knight nouvelle. kronprinz Ferdi- nandy see glout morceau. kronprinz Ferdi- nand von Oes- treiclit see do. kronbirne, see de livTC. 405 konge. 406 Kops. Krygs, see double de p^ler^e. obo. obo. Soon decays Worthless. The best of its season. Handsome, but inferior to the English jargonelle. o.pyr. obi. Tree vigorous. OJ . Name. 1 1 S S 1 1 i ig Romarkj. " 6. - ^ H 3 M »■= I^yg'y P''l'l< see de guerre. 407 lady Lemon - y- ro. 3 c 3 8 s Worthless. 408 lammas. 409 lans.ic . - - y-g- ob. 2 T c 2 11,1 s satin. dauphine. bergamotte de Uussy. 410 lansac, grand. 411 Laurence - - g- tur. 2 3 8 s Musky: licliefriande, sec worthless. cassolette. timon (poire de). see white do- yenne. linden d'automne. see glout mor- ceau. 412 de livre. rus. obo. 1 K c 11,2 s Differs very gros rateau gris- little from the rateau gris. hlaek Worees- kronbirne. ter. present royal de Naples. de livre, see ca- tillac. 413 Longacre. 414 Longland, red P 415 Longland, sum- mer - - - b. r. obo. 2 P 9 416 Longland, white P 417 Longueville - g. rus. obo. 2 T B 1 9 s lord Cheney's, see bergamotte de Holland. . 418 Louise bonne - P-g- pyr. 1 T B 2 11,12 ws Saint Germain blanc. 419 Louise bonne (ol Jersey) - - g. b.r. pyr. 1 T B 1 10 s\v Much superior 420 de Louvain. to the preced- 421 Lowell's. ing : very 422 de Lyon - - P handsome and 423 mabille - - - y- obo. 2 P 12 s good. 424 matlame. JHadeleine,see ci- tron des carraes 425 de Malte. caillot rosat d hiver. de manne, see colmar. 426 manne nouvelle. 427 mansuette. solitaire. mansuette, see Spanish bon Chretien. 428 marceaux - - g- y- obo. 2 T J 2 8 s 429 de marcenay - pg- pyr. 2 T J 2 9 s 4.*i0 mareclial d'hiver 431 margot - . - rus. ro. 3 P 9 432 Marguerite, la grosse. 433 Mariamne nou- velle. 434 Marie Louise b. y. obi. 1 T R I 10,11 s One of the forme de Marie very finest Louise. even as a stan- MarieChretienne dard, on which Braddick's field it bears abun- standard. dantly : suc- 435 marjolle - - y. b. r. obo. 3 P 10 ceeds also well marotte sucre on a north yflwni',see passe wall. colmar. 616 POMACE^E. X. Pyrus. i >. ^ Name. J i ^ S 1 s 1 2 c Remarks. 3 t. 2 0 c 3 M s-= 436 Martin sec b.r. pyr. 11,1 s rousselette (Thiver 437 Martin sec de Provence y. r. pyr. 3 3 10 438 Martin sire - y- g- pyr. 2 c 3 12, 1 RonvUle. 439 marquise - - b.g. pyr. 1 T c 2 11,12 w Scarcely de- marquise d'kiver serves a wall. 440 marquise d'au- tome. 441 la Mai. medaiUe, see Na- poleon. melon, see beurre Diel. 442 Maule's bush. 443 marveilled'hiver g- rou. 3 T B 2 11 Too inferior petite oie. for a wall. merveille de la na- ture, see Four- croy. 444 messire Jean - y. rus. tur. 2 T C 2 11,12 s Very sugary. vionsieur Jolni. but gritty. messire Jeangris messire Jean blanc. messire Jean dore 445 meuris d'hiver. 446 Milaiiaise cuve- lier. 447 Milan d'ete. 448 monarch, Knight's y.b. obo. 2 T B 1 1 s Hardy: good monarch, see bearer. Windsor. 449 monk - . - P 450 de Mons. monsieur le cure. see Saint Lezin monsieur, see white doyenne mon dieu, see d' amour. 451 monsieur lecomte de Fresnel - g- y- ro. 2 T c 3 8,9 s 452 de Montague. 453 Monteith, John b.g. obo. 2 T B 2 10, 11 s Tree vigorous; 454 monstrueuse. great bearer ; 455 morelle blanche. Havour pecu- 456 Moredun. liar, and es- 457 moorcroft - - y- ro. 2 P 8 teemed by 458 moor-fowl egg g. b. r. ro. 2 T J 2 10 s many. Knetvtt's new swan's egg. 459 moor-fowl egg, Galston - - y.b. ro. 2 T J 2 10,11 ws Better than mouclies (poire the preceding. aux),see orange tulipee. mouille bouche,see verte longue. 460 mouton - P 461 muscat d'AUe- ma^ne. 462 muscat d'au- tomne. 463 muscat, early. muscat fleure, see verte longue. 464 muscat, little - y- tur. 3 T B 2 7 s Earliness muscat petit. comprises its sept-eii-gueule. merit. 465 muscat de Nancy aurate. 466 muscat Robert g-y- tur. 3 T T 1 7 s A very good poire a la reine. early pear, but d'ambre. >, c Name. p i 3 H a 1 il Remarks. Saint Jean mus- lasts only a que gros. few days. early queejl. 467 muscat royal - g- y- tur. 3 T T 2 9 s mtiscat vert, see cassolette. musette d'automne see pastorale. 468 de Naples - - g- y- rou. 3 T J 2 1,3 s 469 Napoleon - - p-g- o.pyr. 1 T J 1 11,12 ws Tree vigorous, medaille. good bearer : Sucre dore (of fruit excel- some). lent, very Charles d'Au- juicy ; should triche (of some). not be used till it changes Wurteviberg. to a pale co- roi de Rome. lour. 470 nelis, winter - y.b. obo. 2 T B 1 12,1 ws E.xcellent : nelis d'hiver. merits a wall bonne de Malines to bring it to la bonne Mali- perfection. noise. 471 ne plus meuris b. rus. ro. 2 T B 1 11,3 s Oneofthebest 472 new bridge y- g- !•• obo. 2 C 3 10 late pears. ri'ige (poire), see although not white doyen- so handsome ne. as some. 473 Neill - - . p. y. obo. 1 T B 2 9,10 s Great bearer. Neiv York red cheek, see seckle 474 noire chair. noire graine, see beurre noire graine. Norman, see Boughton ber- gamot. 475 Nonbolm seed- ling - - . b. y. ro. 2 C 3 10 s 476 nouvelle de M. Van Noten. 477 nouvelle doree. nutmeg, see bezi de Caissoy. 478 d'oeuf - - - p.b. obo. 3 T T 2 8 s Resembles the ognon, see sum- swan's egg, but mer rose. is much ear- 479 ognonet. lier. 480 Oldfield - - P 481 olive. 402 orange. 483 orange d'hiver. y- rou. 2 T C 2 2,4 s 484 orange musquee. 485 orange de paques 486 orange rouge. 487 orange tulipee - y- g- >■■ ro. obo. 2 T C 3 9 s Good bearer, poire ttuxmouches but only of in- I'orpuUne, see ferior quality. beurre d'Arem- berg. Paddington, see Easter berga- mot. 488 Paddletown - P 489 parfum d'aout. 490 parfum d'hiver. Parkinson's war- den, see black Worcester. 491 Paridean's d'hi- ver. 492 Parmentier - r. obo. 2 T B 1 10 s Streaked with 493 passans de Por- bright red. tugal p.b. Ob. 2 T J 1 8,9 s Great bearer. 494 passatutte - g-y- obo. 2 T J 1 11,12 w 495 passe colmar - b.y. obo. or 1 T B 1 12,1 ws Trees very POMACES. X. PvRus. 617 passe cobnar t'-pi- netLT. colmar ephieuji: passe colmar gri passe colmar gris dit pricel. beitrre colmar gris dit precel. precel. foridatite dc pa nisei, foiidaute de Mons colmar Harden pont. d'ananas. present de Mali' marotte Sucre jaune. souverain. colmar souverain Chapman s. passe colmar d'au- /omnc, see white doyenn^. 496 passe Madeleine 497 pastorale - - musette d'au- fomne. petit rateau. 498 pastorale de Christ - . dn pdtre, see eas ter beurr^. 499 pendard - - 500 pensionnaire de HoUande 501 perchc coeur rouge - - perdreau, see rousseletteha- tive. perle (poire a la), see blanquette petite. /)e/i/eo/e,seemer- veille d'hivcr. Philippe de pdque, see easter beurre. 502 picard blanc. 503 picard rouge. Pickering pear, see Uvedale's St. Germain. Pickering's war- den, see Uve- dale's St. Ger- main. pine peart see white doyenne 504 Pinsel. 505 piper. pistoletle, see figue. 506 Pitfour - - . 507 platre ... 508 PoUockshaw - 509 pommerants paere. 510 pomme, poire. 511 pomoise. Portugal, see seven-elbowed pound, see catil- lac and black Worcester. [o. pyr. g-y- y. r. b.y. y. rus. g-r- b. r. b. p.g.r. pyr. pyr. pyr. pjT. obo. obo. Ib 8 11,2 9,10 free from can- ker; much hardier than the colmar ; great bearers. A great bearer. Quite worth- less. VOL. II. precel, see passe colmar present de Ma- lines, see do. present royal de Naples, see de livre. .■>12 Powis Castle. 513 de pretre. 514 prince Frederick prince de Ligne, see figue. 15 princesse d' Orange - - princesse Con- qui-te. 16 princesse de Parme. De Provence, see Domville. pncelle saintonge, see chat brule. 17 Quaker 518 quarante onces. 519 Ramilics. rateau gris, se de livre. rdteau gri^, gros see de livre. riiteau petit, see pastorale. 520 reine Caroline. 521 reine d'hiver. 522 reine des poires. reine (poire de la), see muscat Ro- bert. Robert's keeping, see easter ber- gamot. 523 richeronde '24 robine. royale d^ete. 525 robin. roi(f('(e, see rous selet gros. roi de Rome, see Napoleon roi Louis, seegros blanquet. roi de Wuriem berg, see glout morceau. 526 Romaine. 527 Romaine, grosse Carmelite mu quee. 528 rondelet. Ronville, see Martin Sire. rose, see summer rose. rosenbirne, see do rose angle early, see citron des Cannes. 529 Rouppe. 530 rouse Lcnch - 531 rousseline - - rousseline, seeBi- shop's thumb. 532 rousselet d'An- jou. 533roussclet,Bowne's winter. 534 rousselet exquis gros - - - ' rus. 4 K g. b. P-g- g. y. r. 1,2 12,2 Worthless. Very hand- some. Great bearer, but in regard to quality it does not merit its name. The rousseUts are not now in great estima tion; many nef,seeman- jargonelle. suctte. 623 sylvange - - p.y. obo. 2 T B 10 Tender, yet soHVeraine, see bergamotte syl- does not seem passe colmar. vange. deserving of a 593 sieulle - - - p. y. ob. 2 T 15 I 10,11 S 624 sylvange longue. wall. beitrre sieulle. 625 sylvange verte. 594 Spaek. des tables des seta cotovelhos. princes, see see seven-el- jargonelle. bowed. 626 Tamaise - - P Sept'cn-gueule, 627 tard cedore. see little mus- tarling, see cas- cat. ter bergamot. 595 Spadone. 628 Tarquin. 5/)fnrf,see beurre Terreneuvaise,^ec Spence. bezi de Caissoy 590 spina. teton de venus, see 597 spina di carpi. bellissime d'- 598 squash, Newme- hiver. dow - - - P 629 Thompson's - p. y. obo. 2 T B 1 11 s Flavour of 599 squash, Teinton g. rus. obo. 2 P 1 Much esteem- 630 Tidlig Sukker. passe colmar. 600 stadelbirne P ed as a perry 031 Tillington. Stanton pear, see pear. 632 Tilton. Gansel's ber- 633 Tonge - - - y. r. ro. 3 T C 2 10 s gamot. 634 de Toulouse. 601 Steven's Genes- 635 de tonneau. see. 636 tonneau de Wil- 602 Stoffels. lem - - - y. r. obi. 1 C 3 10 s 603 Stoffels' d'hiver. 637 tresam prata. 004 StumpBing P 638 trcsor d' amour g- r- obo. 1 K C 12,3 s 605 Stuyck. 639 trompe chasseur. 606 Styrian - - y. r. pyr. 2 T C 2 10 S Bears a second 040 trois saisons Sucre dore, see but inferior (poire de). Napoleon. crop. de trois tours, see 607 Sucre de Hoyers- beurre Diel. wcrda - - g- obo. 3 T J 2 9 S trouve de Montig- 608 Sucre vert - - e- obo. 2 f J 1 10 S Tree very vi- ny, see bezi de green sugar. gorous ; abun- Montigny. 609 Sucre de Zurich. dant bearer. truite, see forelle. sugar, see green 041 Tump - - - P chisel. Union, see Uve- Suisse, see verte dale's Saint longue pana- Germain. chie. Uvedale's war- 610 summer Portu- den, see Uve- gal. dale's Saint 61 1 summer rose - rus. r. ob. 1 T J 1 8 s Handsome. Germain. epine rose. 642 urbaniste - - I'-S- obo. 2 T B 1 10 w de rose. Valencia, see rosenbirne. white doyenne caitlot rosat S 643 vallee franclie - .V- g- obo. 2 T J 1 8,9 s jood bearer. ete. de vallee. ognon (of some). bonne de Kienz- i'pine d'ete (ib.). heim. 612 supcr-fondante p. y. oljo. 2 T B 2 10 s Resembles the de Kiemheim. su/ireme, see jar- white doyenne. 644 Van Hulthem. ' 1 4k 2 620 POMACES. X. Pyrus. Name. 1 g 3 3 <§ 1 ll Remarks. 645 Van Mons. 646 Van Mons, late. P- obo. 1 T C 2 12,1 S Keeps well. 647 Van Solingen. but its quality 648 Venus. is far inferior 649 Verlaine. to the easier 650 Verlaine d'ete. beurre. Vermillion (Vele, see jargonelle, of the French. G51 verte longue - S- pyr. 2 T J 2 10 s Good bearer. mouille houche. muscat f cure. new autumn. 652 verte longue pa- nachee - - g-y- pyr. 2 T J 2 10 s Like the for- Suisse. mer, but strip- culotte de Suisse. ed with green 653 vicar. and yellow. 654 vierge. vin, see St. Gall. de vigne pelone, see comtesse de Frenol. 655 \igne - . - b. r. tur. 3 T B 2 10 s demoiselle. 65G vin de Stuttgard y-g- obo. 3 P 8 657 vinter Oegge. 658 virgouleuse y- g- obo. 1 T B 1 11, 1 w Flesh yellow : poire glace. tree vigorous ; Cliambreite. but a bad Bujaleuf. bearer. 659 virgouleuse. Newtown. 660 virgouleuse, Prince's. 661 voleur. 662 Wolpool. 663 warden, brown b. y. obo. 1 K C 10 s 664 Washington - g- y- obo. 2 T B 2 10 s 665 wasserbirne - P 9,10 s zanlcersbirne. 666 Waterloo - - p. g. r. tur. 2 T C 2 9 s fVeigsdorffer, see Stuttgarter Gaishirtel. 667 Weely. 668 Welbeck - - y. rus. obo. 1 T B 1 9 w Welbech seedling 669 Whitfield - - y. b. obo. 2 T B 1 11 s Great bearer. winter poplin, see bezi de Cais- soy. 670 Windsor - - y-g pyr. 1 T B 2 8,9 s Tree vigorous, cuisse madame but sometimes (of some). subject to can- monarcli (of ker. some). 671 Windsor, wintei p. y. obo. 1 2 C 3 11 s 672 wine. wilding of Cais- soy, see bezi de Caissoy. u'inter thorn, see epine d'hiver. 673 Wolfs pear ■• P 674 Wormsley Grange - - y. b. obi. 2 T B 1 10 s Wurtembcrg, see Napoleon. 675 wurzer - - g. rus. pyr. 1 C 2 11,1 s Tree vigorous. tomne. 676 yellow Bam- briech. 077 Yutte (poire). xankersbirne, see wasserbirne. Proimgation. — The pear may be propagated by layers of suckers, but not easily by cuttings. These modes, however, are productive of very indifferent plants, and are justly rejected in favour of raising from seed, and grafting or budding. From seed. — This mode is adopted eitlier for the purpose of obtaining new varieties, or for producing j)':''^^ stocks ; in the former case the same principles of selection or crossing are to be followed as in raising seedling apples, between which and the 2^Bar tree the chief difference is, that the latter requires a longer period, nearly double, to come into bearing. In raising pears fur slocks, the seeds from perry-makers are generally made use of, but the most proper are those from the wild 2>ears, as likely to produce plants more hardy and durable. There is, however, less difference between the pear stocks or those raised from the cultivated fruit and wild i^ear stocks, than there is between the free apple and crab stocks. The seeds being procured, may be sown and afterwards treated as directed for seedling crab or apple-tree stocks. By grafting and budding. — The most common stocks on which the pear is grafted, are the common pear and wild pear ; the 2Kar, is, however, dwarfed and brought earlier into a bearing state by grafting or budding on the quince or white-thorn. The pear will also succeed well on the whitebeam, medlar, service, or apple, but stocks of the wild pear and quince are in most general use. Pears, on free stocks, grow most luxuriantly in good soil and on a dry bottom, those on wild pear stocks grow less rapidly, but are deemed more durable, and will thrive on the poorest soil, if a hardy variety and not over pruned. " On the quince," Miller observes, " breaking pears are rendered gritty and stony ; but the melting sorts are much improved ; trees on these stocks may be planted in a moist soil with more success than those on the wild pear stocks or thorns." On the thorn, pears come very early into bearing, continue prolific, and in respect to soil will thrive well on a strong clay, which is un- suitable both to those on quinces or wild pears, but it is sup- posed to have an unfavourable influence on the fruit, in render- ing it smaller and hard ; and the graft or buds require to be inserted very low, that the moisture of the earth may tend to favour the swelling or enlargement of the diameter of the stock, which does not increase proportionably to, nor ever attains, the same size as the stem of the pear. The free and wild pear stocks are to be planted in nursery rows at the same distances as recommended for free or wild apples ; and the quince and thorn at the same distance as the Paradise stocks and creeper apples ; in other respects the management is the same as for the apple. Choice of sorts. — Select from the catalogue given, according to purpose and quality. Choice of plants. — Abercrombie takes trees at one year from the graft, and thence to the sixth year or older. Forsyth says " I would advise those who intend to plant j)car trees, instead of choosing young ones, to look out for the oldest that tiiey can find in the nursery, and with .strong stems." Soil and site. — " A dry deep loam," Abercrombie observes, " is accounted the best soil for the pear-tree, when the stock is of its own species ; on a quince stock it wants a moist soil, without which it will not prosper. Gravel is a good sub-soil, where the incumbent mould is suitable. Cold clay is a bad sub-soil ; to prevent fruit trees from striking into it, slates may be laid just under the roots. For wall trees the soil should be made good to the depth of 2 or 3 feet ; for orchard trees 18 inches may do. Pear trees, on their own stocks, will thrive on land, where apples will not even live ; supposing the plants to be hardy varieties, little removed from wild pears, and to have room to grow freely as standards. To the more choice of the early autumn and prime winter pears, assign south-east, or west POMACES. X. Pyuus. G2I walls." Knight anil M'Pliail recommend a stronp;, deep, loamy soil, anil the latter a high wall for training the better sorts. Final plaulitig is performed any time, in mild weather, from October to March ; standards are ))laced from 2,') to 40 feet apart every way ; half standards from 20 to 30 feet ; and dwarf standards, in borders, from 15 to 20 feet from stem to stein. Wall and espalier trees are planted from 15 to yo feet, according as they may have been grafted or budded on 2^<^'"^ or quince stocks. Mude of hearing. — As in the apple tree, " The pear tree," M'Phail observes, " does not produce blossoms on the former year's wood, as several other sorts of trees do. Its blossom- buds are formed upon spurs growing out of wood not younger than one year old, and consequently, projecting spurs all over the tree must be left lor that purpose." — " In some pears," Mr. Knight observes, " the fruit grows only on the inside of those branches which are exposed to the sun and air ; in others it occupies every part of the tree." Pruning and training slanilards. — " Permit these to extend on all sides freely. Several years may elapse before any cross- placed, very irregular, or crowded branches, dead or worn out bearers, require pruning, which give in winter or spring. Keep the head moderately open in the middle." " Pruning," Knight observes, " is not often wanted in the culture of the j'cn'' tree, which is rarely much encumbered with superfluous branches ; but in some kinds, whose form of growth resembles the apple tree, it will sometimes be found beneficial." 1i ail trees and espaliers will require a summer and winter pruning. Summer pruning. — " While the spray is young and soft, but not until the wood-shoots can be distinguished from spurs, rub off the foreright, the disorderly, spongy, and superfluous shoots of the year, rather than let them grow woody, so as to require the knife. Retain some of the most promising, well-placed, lateral, and terminal shoots, always keeping a leader to each main branch, where the space will permit. Leave the greater number on young trees not fully supplied with branches. Train in these at their full length all summer, in order to have a choice of young wood in the winter pruning. Occasionally, on old trees, or others where any considerable vacancy occurs, some principal contiguous shoot may be shortened in June to a few eyes, for a supply of several new shoots the same season." Winter pruning " may be performed any time from the begin- ning of November luitil the beginning of April. If on young trees or others a further increase of branches is necessary to fill up either the prescribed space or any casual vacuity, retain some principal shoots of last summer, to be trained for that purpose. As, however, many young shoots will have arisen on the wood branches and bearers, of w hich a great part are abun- dant and disorderly, but which have received some regulation in the summer pruning, we must now cut these out close to the mother branches, while we are preserving the best in the more open parts. Examine the parent branches, and if any are very irregular or defective in growth, either cut them out close, or prune them to some eligible lateral to supply the place ; or if any branches be over extended, they may be pruned in to such a lateral, or to a good fruit- bud. Cut out the least regular of the too crowded, also any casually declined bearers, with decayed, cankery, and dead wood. The retained suj)ply of laterals and terminals should be laid in as much at length as the limits allow, in order to furnish a more abundant quantity of fruit-buds. During both courses of pruning, be particularly careful to preserve all the orderly fruit spurs, emit- ted at the sides and ends of the bearers ; if, however, any large, rugged, projecting spurs, and woody barren stum})s or snags occur, cut them clean away close to the branches, which will render the bearers more productive of fruit-buds, and regular in appearance. As each tree is pruned, nail or tie the branches or shoots to the wall or trellis. If afterwards, in consequence of either pruning out improper or decayed wood, or of former insulKcient training, there are any material vacuities or irregu- larities in the arrangement, unnail the misplaced and contiguous branches and lay them in order." Mr. Knight's mode of training the pear tree is as follows : — " A young pear stock, which had two lateral branches upon each side, and was about G feet high, was planted against a wall early in the spring of 1810; and it was grafted in each of its lateral branches, two of which sprang out of the stem, about ■!• feet from the ground, and the others at the summit in the fol- lowing year. The shoots these grafts produced were about a foot long, were trained downwards, the undermost nearly ))er- pendicular, and the uppermost just below the horizontal line, placing them at such distances, that the leaves of one shoot did not at all shade those of another. In the next year the same mode of training was continued, and the year following I ob- tained an abundant crop of fruit. " An old St. Germain ^)e«r tree, of the spurious kind, had been trained in a fan-form against a north-west wall in my gar- den, and the central branches, as usually happens in old trees thus trained, had long reached the top of the wall, and had become wholly unproductive. The other branches aff'ordcd but very little fruit, and that never acquiring maturity, was conse- quently of no value, so that it was necessary to change the variety as well as to render the tree productive. To attain these purposes, every branch which did not want at least 20 degrees of being perpendicular, was taken out at its base, and the spurs upon every other branch, which I intended to retain, vvere taken off closely with tlie saw and chisel. Into these branches, at their subdivisions, grafts were inserted at difl'erent distances from the root, and some so near the extremities of the branches, that the tree extended as widely in the autumn after it was grafted, as it did in the preceding year. The grafts were also so disposed, that every part of the space the tree previously covered, was equally well su))plied with young wood. As soon in the succeeding summer as the young shoots had attained suffi- cient length, they were trained almost perpendicularly dow nw ards, between the larger branches and the wall to which they were nailed. The most perpendicular remaining branch upon each side was grafted about 4 feet below the top of the wall, which is 12 feet high, and the young shoots, which the grafts upon these afforded, were trained inwards, and bent down to occiqiy the space from which the old central branches had been taken away, and therefore very little vacant space any where remained in the end of the first autumn. A few blossoms, but not any fruit, w ere produced by several of the grafts in the succeeding spring ; but in the following year and subsequently I have had abundant crops, equally dispersed over every part of the tree." Heading down and pruning old pear trees. — " The method of pruning ^)t'«r trees," Forsyth observes, " is very diflfcrent from that practised for apple trees in general. The constant practice has been to have great spurs, as big as a man's am), standing out from the walls, from a foot to IS inches or upwards." The constant cutting of these spurs, he says, brings on the canker, and the fruit produced is small, spotted, and kernelly. For- syth's practice with such trees was to cut them down, and renew the soil at their roots, and he refers to a beurre 2'car, restored from an inch and a half of bark, which, in 1796, bore 450 fine large pears, &c. C. Harrison and various other gardeners adopt a mode of keeping only short spurs, by which much larger fruit is pro- duced. According to this plan, each spur bears only once, when it is cut out, and succeeded by an embryo bud at its base. 622 POMACES. X. Pyrus. This bud, at tlie end of the first season, is no more than a leaf- bud, but at the end of the second summer it has become a blossom-bud, and bears the third summer. Some useful observ- ations on the management of pear-trees, in correspondence with the above, will be foiuid in various parts of the Caledonian Horticultural Society's memoirs. Insects, diseases, i^-c. — The pear-tree is liable to the attacks of the same insects as the apple-tree, and the fruit of the sum- mer kinds, when ripe, is liable to be eaten by birds, wasps, &c. which must be kept oft" by shooting, hanging bottles of water, and other usual preventatives. For other points of culture, and gathering, and storing, see the apple. C'ommun Pear. Fl. April. Britain. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 2 P. BoLLWYLLERiA^NA (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 530.) leaves ovate, coarsely serrated, tomentose beneath and on the buds, when young velvety above, but glabrous in the adult state ; co- rymbs many-flowered. Ij. H. Native country unknown, but cultivated in the gardens around BolKvyller, a town in Alsace, in the time of Bauhin, whence the trivial name. P. Bollvvyl- leriana, J. Bauh. hist. 1. p. 59. with a figure. P. Pollvet"ia, Lin. mant. 244. Lodd. bet. cab. 1009. Koop. pomol. 2. p. .'JS. t. 4. ex Reich. Fruit turbinate, small, orange-yellow. Flowers white. Bollwyllerian Pear. Fl. April. Clt. 1786. Tree 20 feet. 3 P. SALVIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 634.) leaves lanceolate, quite entire, tomentose beneath, when young velvety above, but in the adult state glabrous ; buds tomentose. Tj . H. Native of France, about Aurelia. Coenomanum sylvestris et ciilta, D. C, fl. fr. p. 531. in a note. Poirier sauger, D. Ourch. in bibl. phys. econ. mai. 1817. p. 299. Branches thick. Fruit large, elongated, and very useful for making perry. Flowers white. Sage-leaved or Aurelian pear. Fl, April, May. France. I'ree 20 to 30 feet. 4 P. AMYGDALiFORMis (Vill. cat. strasb. 322. D. C. suppl. p. 531.) thorny; leaves oblong, acute, quite entire, tomentose beneath, when young velvety above, but in the adult state glabrous, 6 times longer than the petioles ; buds tomentose ; flowers corymbose, (j . H. Native of Provence and Dauphiny, in woods. P. sylvestris, Magn. hot. 215. P. salicifolia, Lois, not. 79. Flowers white. Almond-formed Pear. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1810. Tree 10 to 20 feet. 5 P. ELEAGNiFOLiA (Pall. Hov. act. petr. 7. 1789. p. 355.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, quite entire, tomentose on both surfaces, hardly longer than the petioles ; flowers corymbose. \} . H. Native of Iberia, Tauria, and Caucasus. P. orientalis, Horn, suppl. 52. P. elcagnifolia, Steud. nom. Flowers white. Eleagnus-leaved Pear. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1800. Tree 20 feet. 6 P. SALICIFOLIA (Lin. suppl. 255.) leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, quite entire, hoary, clothed with white tomentum beneath, about 3 times the length of the petioles ; buds clothed with white tomentum ; corymbs few-flowered. \2 . H. Native of Siberia and Caucasus. Ker. hot. reg. 514. Pall. itin. 3. p. 734. t. N. f. 3, fl. ross. 1. t. 9. Flowers white, on short pedicels, corym- bose, never solitary. Willow-leaved Ve&x. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1780. Tree 6 to 12 feet. 7 P. I'ndica (Colebr. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. t. 172.) leaves ovate or ovate-cordate, acute, serrulated, glabrous, white beneath as well as the petioles and calyxes ; claws of petals shorter than the calyx ; umbels sessile, few-flowered ; styles villous at the base. Ij . H. Native of the mountains of Silhet, in Bengal. Flowers white. Fruit with an austere taste, about the size of the wild iKur. Leaves lobed in the young plants. Indian Pear. Tree 20 feet. 8 P. CUNEIFOLIA (Guss. pi. rar. p. 202.) leaves oblong-oval, crenulated at the base, when young clothed with floccose down beneath, but in the adult state glaucescent and smooth ; pedun- cles corymbose, clothed with woolly tomentum when young as well as the calyxes ; teeth of calyx lanceolate ; petals obcor- date; fruit globose. I^ . H. Native of Calabria, on hills. Fruit sour. Flowers white or pale red. Allied to P. ^jaroj^ora, Desf. and P. salicif olia. Wedge-leaved Pear. Fl. INIar. April. Tree. 9 P. lana'ta (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 237.) leaves broadly elliptic, acuminated, doubly serrated, clothed with white wool beneath as well as on the branches ; corymbs terminal, com- pound, woolly ; calycine lobes ovate, acuminated, T; . H. Na- tive of Nipaul, in Sirinagur. Perhaps referrible to Sect. IH. Aria. Woolly Fear. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818. Tree 20 feet. 10 P. crena'ta(D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 237.) leaves ovate, acutely crenated, on long petioles, glabrous above, but when young clothed with white tomentum beneath as well as the branches; corymbs simple, woolly; calycine lobes ovate, acut- ish. ^ . H. Native of Upper Nipaul, at Suembu. This species comes near to P. Bollwylleriana, but differs in the leaves of that species being shorter and broader, serrated, not crenated, and in the flowers being more numerous. Crena(e-leaved Pear. Fl. May. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet. IIP. Nu'ssiA (Hamilt. ex D. Don, 1. c.) leaves elliptic, mu- cronate, coriaceous, crenulated, glabrous, but when young woolly beneath, as well as the branches ; corymbs terminal, panicled, covered with white woolly down ; pome spherical. I2 ■ H. Native of the higher mountains of Nipaul. Fruit small, about the size of that of P. arhutifoUa. Nussia Pear. Tree 20 feet. 12 P. VARIOLOSA (Wall. cat. 680.) leaves ovate, acuminated, crenated, glabrous in the adult state, on long petioles, when young clothed with yellowish tomentum beneath ; umbels ter- minal ; pedicels and calyxes woolly. (j . H. Native of Nipaul and Kamaon. Flowers white. Fruit nearly globose, not um- bilicate at the base. Variolose Pear. Fl. April, May. Tree 20 feet. 13 P. Pa'shia (Hamilt. ex herb. Lin. soc.) leaves ovate, acu- minated, rather cordate at the base, crenated or serrated, gla- brous in the adult state, but downy beneath when young, as well as the petioles, pedicels, and calyxes ; cymes terminal ; fruit globular. ^ . H. Native of Narainhetty. Pasliia Pear-tree. Tree 10 to 20 feet. 14 P. Sine'nsis (Lindl. hort. trans. 6. p. 396. hot. reg. 1248.) leaves cordate, apiculated, shining, serrated, when young pubes- cent beneath ; peduncles corymbose ; calyx glabrous inside ; fruit vvarted, bony. T7 . H. Native of China and Cochin-china. Ri vulgo Nas, Koempf. amcen. 800. Pyrus commiinis. Loir. cochin, p. 321. Flowers white. This tree is called indiscrimi- nately Chinese pear, sandy pear, or snow 2>ear. Fruit gritty. Chinese Pear. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1820. Tree 15 to 20 feet. 15 P. Sina'ica (Thouin, mem. mus. 1. p. 170. t. 9.) leaves ovate-oblong, rather crenated, acutish, clothed with white pu- bescence beneath, but glabrous and shining above ; buds white from pubescence ; flowers corymbose ; fruit nearly globose, y; . H. Native of mount Sinai. Wats, dendr. 49. P. Sinai, Desf. arb. 2. p. 144. Duham. ed. nov. 6. t. 57. P. Persica, Pers. ench. 2. p. 40. Much branched, diff\ise. Leaves minutely cre- nulated, falling off" late in the autumn. Flowers white. Mount Sinai Pear. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 ft. 16 P. niva'lis (Lin. fil. suppl. 253.) leaves oval, quite entire, obtuse, mucronate, clothed with white silky down beneath ; co- rymbs terminal ; fruit globose, h . H. Native of the Alps of POMACE.??:. X. Pvni- 623 Austria. Jacq. .lustr. '2. t. 107. Flowers wliitc. Fruit very acid, but when ripe and l)econiinL; putrid, very sweet. Snotv Pear. Fl. .Vpril, May. Tree G to 10 feet. 17 P. MicHAu'xii (Ik)sc, in Poir. suppl. 4. p. i32.) leaves oval, quite entire, acutisli, glabrous on both surfaces, and sliining above ; peduncles usually twin, wlien bearing the fruit tliick and woody; fruit globose. I; . H. Native of North America. Micliaux's Pear. Fl. April. Tree 20 feet. 18 P. VAKviFLoiiA (Desf. cor. 78. t. 58.) leaves ovate, quite entire, hoary beneath ; corymbs terminal ; fruit globose. I^ . H. Native of Candia. P. sylvestrus Cr^tica, C. 13auh. pin. p. 439. Tourn. cor. 1-3. Flowers red. Small-Jlowered Pear. Tree 20 to 30 feet. Sect. II. Ma'lus {mcl or inal, Celtic, for the apple, which the Greeks liave rendered futXuf, and the Latins ma/us). Tourn. inst. t. tOG. Petals Hat, spreading. Styles 5, some- what connected at the base. Pome usually globose and depres- sed, always umbilicate at the base. Pedicels simple, umbellate. Leaves simple, glandless. 19 P. Act'iiBA (D. C. prod. 2. p. G35.) leaves ovate, acute, crenated, quite glabrous when young, as well as the calycine tube ; flowers corymbose. ^ . H. Native of Europe, in woods and hedges. P. Miilus austera, Wallr. sched. 215. Mains acerba, Merat, fl. par. 187. D. C. suppl. 530. P. mi\lus syl- vestris, Fl. dan. 1101. P. Malus, Smith, engl. bot. 179. Flowers white tinged with red. There are numerous varieties with acerb fruit ; they are commonly called cider apples, and in French pommier a cidre. The fruit of the wild apple is globose, yellowish, with a tinge of red, very acid, and astringent, yet there are several varieties among the nild crabs, some of them of excellent flavour when baked with plenty of sugar, even surpassing many cultivated apples. The expressed juice of any of them, called verjuice, is used to cure sprains and scalds, being often kept by good housewives in the country for that purpose. Suur or Wild Apple or Crab. Fl. March, April. Britain. Tree 15 to 20 feet. 20 P. Ma'lus (Lin. spec. G86.) leaves ovate or elliptic, acute, serrated, clothed with white down beneath, as well as on tiie calyxes, petioles, &:c. ; flowers corymbose ; styles glabrous. Ij . H. Native of Europe, in woods, hedges, and parks ; plentiful in Britain. Mains mitis, Wallr. sched. 215. Flowers umbellate, l)eautifully variegated with white and rose-colour, and slightly fragrant. The apple tree is called ponune and pommier doux or pommier a couleau in France, apfel in German, and pomo or melo in Ita- lian. It has the branches more horizontal than the pear tree ; the flowers terminate in umbels, produced from the wood of the preceding year, but more generally from very short shoots or spurs from wood of two years' growth. The fruit in its wild state is termed a crab. It is a native of most countries of Eu- rope in its wild state, and the improved varieties form an im- portant branch of culture in Britain, France, and Germany, for the kitchen, the table, and for the manufacture of cider. FVom whence we received the cultivated apple is unknown, but in all probability it was introduced by the Romans, to whom 22 varieties were known in Pliny's time, and afterwards the stock of varieties greatly increased at the Norman conquest. Accord- ing to Stow, carps and pepins were brought into England by Mascal, who wrote on fruit trees in 1572. The appk tree is supposed by some to attain to a great age. Ilaller mentions some trees in Herefordshire that attained 1000 years, and were highly prolific ; but Mr. Knight considers 200 years as the ordinary duration of a healthy tree grafted on a crab stock, and ))lanted in a strong tenacious soil. .Speedily (Hints, 58.) mentions a tree in an orchard at Burton-jovce near Nottingham, of about GO years old, with branches extending from 7 to 9 yards round the liole, which in 1792 produced upwards of 100 pecks of apples. Of all the ditterent fruits that are pro- duced in Britain, none can he brought to so high a degree of per- fection, with so little trouble ; and of no other is there so many excellent varieties in general cultivation, calcidated for almost every soil, situation, and climate, which our island affords. Very good apples are grown in the Highlands and Orkneys, and even in the Shetland Islands (Cal. hort. mem. vol. 2.), as well as in Devonshire and Cornwall ; some sorts are rii)e in the be- ginning of July, and others which ripen later will keep till June. Unlike other fruits, those which rijien latest are the best. Use. — For pies, tarts, sauces, and the dessert, the use of the apple is familiar to every one. The fermented juice forms cider, a substitute both for grape wine and malt liquor. In confec- tionary it is used for comfits, marmelades, jellies, pastes and tarts, &c. In medicine, verjuice or the juice of crabs is used for sprains, and as an astringent and repellent, and, with the proper addition of sugar. Withering thinks a very grateful licpior might be made with it, little inferior to Rhenish wine. Lighi- foot affirms, mixed with cultivated apples, or even alone, if thoroughly ripe, it will make a sound masculine wine. The apple when ripe is laxative ; the juice is excellent in dysentery ; boiled or roasted apples fortify a weak stomach. Scopoli recovered from a weakness of the stomach and indigestion from using them, and they are equally efficacious in putrid and malignant fevers, with the juice of lemons or currants. In perfumery, the pulp of apples, beat up with lard, forms pomatum ; and Bosc observes (N. cours d'Agricultiur, &c.) that the prolonged strati- fication of apples with elder-flowers, in a close vessel, gives the former an odour of musk, extremely agreeable. In dyeing, the bark produces a yellow colour, and in general economy the wood of the tree is used for turning, and various purposes where hard- ness, compactness, and variegation of colour are objects. Criterion of a good apple. — Apples for the table are charac- terized by firm juicy flesh, elevated poignant flavour, regular form, and beautiful colouring ; those for kitchen use by the pro- perty of falling, as it is technically termed, or forming in general a pulpy mass of equal consistency, when baked or boiled. Some sorts of apples have the property of falling when green, as the Keswick, Carlisle, Hawthorndcn, and other codlins ; and some only after being ripe, as the Russet tribe. Those which have this property when green are particularly valuable for affording sauces to geese early in the season, and for succeeding the goose- berry in tarts. For cider an apple must possess a considerable degree of astringency, with or without firmness of pulp or rich- ness of juice. The best kinds. Knight says, are often tough, dry, and fibrous ; and the Siberian Harvey, which he recom- mends as one of the very best cider-apples, is unfit either tor culinary purposes or the table. Mr. Knight has found that the specific gravity of the juice of any apple recently exjiressed in- dicates with very considerable accur.icy the strength of the future cider. Considering the various uses of the a]>ple, it may be regarded as a fruit of more use and benefit to the public in general than .all the other fruits the produce of this island. I'aricties. — Tusser in 1573 menti(ms in his list of fruits " ap])lesofall sorts." Parkinson in 1C29 enumer.ites 57 sorts. Evelyn about 30 years afterw.irds says (Pomona pref.), " it was through the plain" industry of one llarris, a fruiterer to Henry VIII. that the fields and environs of about 30 towns in Kent only, were planted with fruit from Fl.inders, to the universal benefit and improvement of the county." Gib, on (^Churches of Dove and Homelacy,) mentions that Lord Scudamore, ambassa- dor to the court of France in the time of Charles I., collected in 624 POMACE^i:. X. Pyrus. Normandy scions of cider-apples, and when he returned to England encouraged the grafting them througliout the county of Hereford. Hartlip in 15G6 speaks of one who Iiad 200 sorts of apples, and " verily believes tliat there are nearly 500 sorts in this island." Ray in 1688 selected from the information of the most skilful gardeners about London a list of 78 sorts. Succeeding writers have been enabled greatly to increase the list, partly from the almost continual accession of sorts received from the continent during intervals of peace, but principally from the great numbers raised fiom seeds. A variety o( apple, like those of most other plants, appears only to have a limited duration; and hence on taking a retrospective view of the lists of sorts given by Parkinson, Evelyn, and other authors, many of them are not now to be found, or are so degenerated or dis- eased as no longer to deserve the attention of the planter. " The moil," Mr. Knight observes, " and its successful rival the icd-streaJc, with the musls and golden-pippin, are in the last stage of decay, and the slire and fu.r-tvhelp are hastening rapidly after them." After making a great variety of experiments for several years, and after many attempts to propagate every old variety of the apj}le, this author observes (Treat, on Apple and Pear, 15.), " I think I am justified in the conclusion, that all plants of this species, however propagated from the same stock, partake in some degree of the same life, and will attend the progress of that life in the habits of its youtli, its maturity, and its decay, though they will not be any way affected by any incidental injuries the jiarent tree may sustain after they are detached from it." Mr. Knight next directed his attention to raising new varieties from seeds, and has by crossing one sort with another, and by having constantly several thousands of seedlings rearing, from which as they show fruit, to select the best sorts, succeeded in producing several new varieties of apples, much esteemed for the table and the press. Of several of these sorts, and those obtained, ac- counts will be found in the work above quoted, and in Horticul- tural Transactions. Several eminent horticnltiuists in different districts are now engaged in a similar manner, and there can be little doubt a great and valuable accession will be constantly made to this class of fruits. Some, however, as Williamson (Hort. trans. 3. p. 291.) and Speechly (Hints, 188.) consider tliat the deterioration of the apiplc and other fruits may be owing to the climate, and that the return of genial summers would re- store to us from old trees as good fruit as heretofore. A nimierous list of varieties may be considered as puzzling to the inexperienced person, who has to select for a garden or an orchard ; but if each of these varieties were correctly figured and described, including the character and habits of the tree, as well as the leaves, roots, blossoms, and fruit, the list could not be too extensive of a fruit so universally grown and liked as the apple ; for almost every garden and orchard differs in soil, cli- mate, aspect or situation ; and, consequently, to be planted in the best manner, must require a corresponding difference in the varieties of each species of fruit with which it is to be planted. Sabine, however, (Hort. trans. 3. p. 263.) considers, that the stock of apples requires reduction rather than increase, and ob- serves that one of the chief objects to which the attention of the Horticultural Society is at present directed, is to make a judi- cious selection. A great variety o{ apple trees in a bearing state may be seen in different nurseries both in Britain and Ireland, but especially near London ; from these in the autumn the fruit may be tasted from the trees, and either young plants newly worked or plants in a state of bearing fixed on, and marked to be taken up at the proper season. The advantages of this mode, especially to such as possess but a small garden, are too obvious to require comment. The only catalogue of apples which can be depended upon for accuracy yet published, is that by the Horticultural Society of London in the present year, which none but a public body could have brought to such perfection. It is as follows. The columns explain 1. The prevailing colour. 2. The usual form. 3. The average size. 4. The use, whether for table, kitchen, or cider. 5. The quality. 6. The usual season of per- fection. The abbreviations employed are as follows : 1. Prevailing colour. — p. pale; d. dark; y. yellow ; r. red; g. green ; rus. russet ; str. streaked ; br. brownish. 2. Form Pea. pearmain-shaped ; i. e. of the form of a truncated cone ; calv. calville-shaped, when the ribs of the fruit are particularly prominent ; ob. oblate ; obi. oblong ; ro. round- ish ; rou. round; con. conical; ro.-obl. roundish-oblong; ov. ovate ; ov.-obl. ovate-oblong ; obo. obovate. 3. Size. — 1. very large ; 2. middle-sized ; 3. small. 4. Use. — T. table ; K. kitchen ; C. cider. 5. Quality. — 1. first-rate; 2. second-rate; 3. indiflTerent or bad. 6. Season, times of ripening. — ^The months of ripening are placed in numbers beginning at Jan, for the 1st, and so on to December, the 12th. ^ ^ Name. a E S 6 '■3 S Remarks. o £ s a 1 1 Achmore. 2 D'Adam - r. calv. 2 c 11, 1 seigneur rouge. 3 Adam's apple d. r. obi. 2 3 12,1 VVorthlesSjUn- 4 d' A vent. less for cider. 5 agat apfel rouge str. ov. 3 3 12 Of no value. G agathe grise p. y. ov. obi. 2 3 12 7 Alban g- >"• rou. 2 c 12,2 8 Alcester seedling. 9 Alderston pippin p. y. ov. 3 T 2 8 10 Alexander - str. con. 1 K 1 9,12 Moderate emperor Alexander. bearer, large Russian emperor. and hand- Jporta. some. 11 AliViston - - - g- y- ro. 1 K 1 11,4 A valuable Newtown pippin (of kitchen apple. many). lord Gwydyr's Newtown pippin. Althorp pippin, see mar- malade. American mammoth, see gloria mundi. 12 ambrosia, Parson's. 13 American, new. 14 American peach - r. y. ro. 2 2 9 American peach, see cou- sinette. 15 American pippin. 16 American summering. d'Amerique, see noir. 17 d'ange ... g- ro. 3 C 10 d^Atigleterre grosse, see reinette 'Wahre. 18 Anglais. d'anis, see fenouillet gris. 19 anis-seed - g- y- ob. 3 T 2 10,1 rival golden pippin. 20 Annette black d. r. ov. 2 KT 2 11.1 21 api gros. 22 api noir - d. r. ob. 3 KT 2 10,4 23 api panacbee y-g- ro. 3 3 10,12 More curious panachee. than useful. 24 api, petit - - . y. r. ob. 3 T 2 10,4 Very beauti- pontme rose. ful. lady apple (of the Ame- ricans). etoilee. Aporta, see Alexander. Arabian apple, see pigeon POMACEiE. X. Pyrus. 625 Kl'ine ^goU ■Irliji, see Wyken pip- pin. 25 Arcluleacon Clarke's. 26 argentee d'An<;leterri'. 27 aromatic pippin, Eil- monston's. 28 Ashby seedling. 29 Aslimead's kernel - 30 d'Astems strifting d'hivcr. '^\ Astrachan red - 32 Astrachan white Pyrus Astracaitica^ De Cand. pomme d* Astrachan, transparent de Mos- covie. gtace de Zelande. 33 d'Assy, grossc. 34 augusaeble. 35 aunt's apple aitrore, see golden rei- nette. 3C autunin bough. rant tout, see sinnnier Stibbert. 37 Bains's - 38 Baird's favourite. 39 Balderstone 40 Baldwin's red Baldwin. 41 dc Bale. 42 baleborodova ■ Balgone pippin^ den pippin. 4.3 Balgowen. 44 Balnianno pippin 45 Baltimore. 46 Baniporta. 47 de Barbarin. bardin, see fenouillet rouge. Barossa, see Bourassa 48 Barrow Court pippin. 49 Barton's favourite. 50 Bascombc mystery. 51 Basselaney pijipin. 52 Bath baij, see drap d'or. Baiifordbury pippin, see golden pippin. 53 Beachamwcll - Brachamwell seedling. Motteux's seedling. 54 Beat's pippin. beaujln, Milbnount, see Norfolk paradise. 55 beaufin, Norfolk 56 bcauKn, Suffolk. 57 beaufin, white. 58 beaufinette. 59 beauty of Kent Kentish pippin (of some). le beau rouge, see Hol- landbury. 60 beauty of the West. 61 beauty of Wilts. beauty of IVilts, Dredge's, see Har- vey's pippin. 62 bee de lifivre 63 Bedfordshire found- ling - - . Cambridge pippin. I Belin, pontme de, see court pendu musquc VOL. II. ob. obi. ro. ov. 10,1 11,3 8,9 8,9 11,3 11,3 10, 12 Ribstnn pippii flavour, but not so rich. Of no merit in this climate. 1,6 An excellent table fruit. E.vcellcnt for Irying. 10,11 11,3 Very hand- |Somc, large, and excellent. (J4 l)L'lle boinie *»5 bt'l Ecossais. 66 bollo lillc. 67 belle Ik-ur - OH belle tieur, Brab SL-ho - 6!) belle lleur, double 70 belle flcur d'Eghcn - 71 belle tieur, Holland ische. 72 belle fleur, Wcstland ische. 73 belle fleur de Stoffel; 74 belle fleur rouge. ')•> belle fleur, yellow - hellefliur. bclljtourr. 76 belle Ilervy - de Jardtf. 77 belle de Senard. Bell's scarlet, see scar- let pearmain. 78 Bellcdge pippin 79 Benholm pippin. SO Ben Lomond 81 Bennct. 82 Benwell's large 83 Bentleber rose 84 Benzler. 85 Bess Pool Best Pool. 86 beurre 4 cidre 87 Bere Court pippin 88 de Binet 89 Bishopstone Norman 90 birnformiger. 91 bitter sweet - 92 bitter sweet, Sibe rian - - - 93 bitter sweet, white. 94 black. 95 black .\nierican 96 black Bess. 97 black crab black Borsdorffer. 98 black grove - 99 black pippin, inn blandarine, red. 101 bland rose 102 dc Blangy - 103 Blenheim crab. 104 Blenheim pippin - Blenheim. Blenheim orange. WondstoeU pippin. Northwick pippin. 105 blumensaur. 106 blood royal - boatswain's pippin, see queen. 107 de bceuf 108 Bogmiln favourite - 109 a bois panache 110 Bollaston Hill. 111 bonne de Mai 1 12 bonne rouge. 113 Bontignie. 114 Borsdorller - Borslorffer. reinctte bdtarde. winter Borsdorffer. reinette de Misnie. king, queen's. Borsdorffer, black, see black crab. 113 Borsddrlfcr, double. y. r. y. r. e- y- y- d. r. d. r. y. r. y- y- g- y- obi. ro. ealv. ov. 3 1 K 1 K 11,4 8 11,12 1 11,4 21 11,3 11,12 11,3 11,3 11,3 10,12 Very indiffer- ent An cxeclleni sort. 12 10,12 12 9,10 11,1 11,2 12, 1 11,1 10,11 11,3 Great bearer, and excellent ■ Curious on ^account of its : colour, in o ither respects . worthless. f irons very strong when young, and in that sute bears rather thinly. A very handsome fruit. 4L 626 POMACES. X. PvRus. >. ; Nania. 1 E s j 3 i Remarks. 5 ft — s a M UG Borsdiirffer le grand Bohemien. 117 Borsdiirffer Ognoni- forme g-f- ob. 3 T 3 10,1 118 Borsdiirffer, Rother. 119 Borovitsky - g. str. ro. 2 T 1 8 Early, of con- 120 Bossom y- cou. 2 K 2 12,1 siderable 121 Bostock orange. merit. 122 bough, large yellow y- ro. 1 K 1 8 Does not 123 Brainton, Symonds's C keep long. 124 Bransby pippin. 125 Brazier's. 126 Bourassa. Barossa. 127 Bower. brandy, see golden Harvey. 128 braune mal - br. ob. 1 K 12, 3 129 braunschweiger milch. 130 brebis - y- ro. 3 TC 2 8 A good bearer. 131 Breedon pippin y- ob. 3 T 1 10,11 Brentford crab, see Isleworth crab. de Bretagne, see rei- nctte du Canada. 132 Brickley seedling - g-r. ro. 3 T 1 1,4 133 Bridgewater pippin y. rus. calv. 1 K 2 10,11 1.34 Bringewood pippin y- ob. 3 T 1 1,3 135 Broad- End - g- ob. 2 K 1 11,1 broadhig. 136 broad-eyed pippin - y- ob. 1 K 1 9,12 137 Brookes's y. rus. ov. 3 T 1 9,1 138 Broughton - y. r. ro. 3 T 2 10,12 139 brownite. broivn apple of Burnt Island, see spice apple. 140 brown Renting. brown spice, see spice apple. 141 Bucks county y. r. con. 1 C 1 11,3 Great bearer. Solebiiry cider. 142 Buchanan p. y. ob!. 2 K 2 9,11 143 Buchanan's long keeper. 144 Buckland.Devonshire p. y. ob. 2 KT 2 12,3 Good bearer. lily Buckland. white lily. Dredge's white lily. 145 Buckland, yellow - y- ob. 2 K 3 12,3 146 buffcoat y. rus. ro. C 147 Buissier. C Bullock's pippin, see sheep's nose. 148 Burns's seedling - y. r. ro. 1 K 1 10,1 Burnt Island pippin. see spice apple. 149 burr knot y- ro. 1 K 1 10,1 Strikes easily Burr apple. from cuttings. 150 Busham y- g- ro. 2 K 12,3 151 Byre End - p. y. ro. 1 K 2 12 152 Byson Wood - rus. ro. 3 T 1 12,2 Byson Wood russet. Caldwell, see Rymer. 153 Cadbury. 154 Calville blanche d'ete p. y. calv. 2 K 2 8,9 white Calville. 155 Calville blanche d'hi- ver - - - p. y. calv. 1 KT 1 1,4 Calville d'Angleterre, see Cornish gilli- flower. 156 Calville Bosc. 157 Calville imperiale. 158 Calville Kops. |lo9 Calville malingre - r. calv. 1 K 1 1,4 Great bearer, Calville Normande malingre d'Angle- terre. Calville pepin. Calville rouge d'au- tomme Calville rouge d'ete Calville d'ete* Madeleine. Calville rouge d'hiver Calville rouge cou- ronnee. Calville red. Calville rouge de Mi- coud - - - Calville red,see pommt violette. Calville rouge depen- tecote, Calville rouge pre- coce - - - Calville royale. Calville, white, see Calville blanche d ete. Cambridge pippin, see Bedfordshire found- ling. Carabusnethan pippii winter redstreah. watch apple. Cambridge hive. Cam House, campagne doux Camptield - Canadian pippin. Cann. Caret's seedling, set Pinner seedling. Carle, pomme, see malt Carle. Capucine de Tournay Carberry pippin, cardinal rouge carnation. Caroline Carthouse, see Gilpin carree ... carree blanche Carse of Gowrie, early Carse of Gowrie, late, catline - Gregson. catline of Maryland. catshead. catshead, round. tete de chat (of Jer sey). Cellini - Chalcomb. Chalmer's large, chamelion. chance - Charlamowskischer Nallivia Charlemagne de Charles, pomme, see male Carle, de Charlotte - Chataignier - Chataignier du Le man. chaudi^re chauffard Chelston pippin, chemise de soie blanche. rus. y. r. p. y. p. y. calv. calv. d keeps well. 10,11 7,8 11,12 7,11 10,1 10, 1 12, 1 11, I 11,2 11, 1 11 10, 12 10,2 2 years 8,9 Bears two crops a year. Of no great merit. A Persian n|: pie, indifferent in this climate, Subject to canker. rOMACEiE. X. Pvnus. G27 Name. ■I i 6 3 1 Rem.nrks. Name. i i w 1 i RcmarkB. o s, 3 3 Of 1 S u Cm ^ D a 202 Christie's pippin - y- ob. T 12,2 Good bearer. 2.'>5 Cornish crab. without sbri- 203 chucliet e^g - y- ov. 3 T 2 9 but of little 256 Cos. veiling. 204 cierge d'hiver. merit. .'.-.7 Coul blush - y. r. con. 2 KT 2 10 A good bearer. 205 citron. 258 Corstorjihine. 20C citron des Cannes. 2.'t'.) court-pendu,Ayrshir(. 207 citron de Saint Gall. 260 court-pendu dore. court'pendu gris, sec 208 clammy. 209 Clcy jjippin - y- ro. 3 T 1 10 fonouillet rouge. 210 claret. 261 court-pendu noir. Coates's, see York- 262 court-pendu plat d. r. ob. 2 T 1 12,4 An excellent shire greening. court pejtdu. bearer. 211 clove pippin. cluster pippin^ sec clus- ter golden pippin. rougedtre. 212 cluster, streaky. ■ rond 213 Clydesdale. gros. 214 Cobham y- ro. 2 KT 2 11, 1 215 coccagec ov. 2 C 1 10 gras. 216 coccagee, new. 217 cockle pippin br. y. ov. 2 T 1 1,4 rougedtre. nutmeg cockle pippin nutmeg pippin. m usque white cockle pippin. 218 cockpit - - . y- ro. 2 K 2 12,3 musnite ^"""'^ 219 codlin, Betley y.b.r. con. 2 K 10,1 corianda rose. 220 codlin, Carlisle y- con. 3 K 1 H, 12 Very good. ponime de Belin. 221 codlin, Clarke's y- con. 2 K 3 11 Garnon's apple. 222 codlin, Dutch y- ro. K 1 8,9 Very large. Wollaton pippin. 223 codlin, French y- con. K 2 8,9 Russian. 224 codlin, Kentish y- con. K 2 8,9 princcsse Noble Zoett 225 codlin, Keswick g-y- con. K 1 8,9 263 court-pendu rouge. 22G codlin, Kilkenny - y- rou. K 1 8,9 264 court-pendu rouge e codlin, Knight's, see gris. Wormslev pippin. 2G5 court of Wick. y- ob. 3 T 1 10,3 A handsome 227 codlin, Kiniioul. Fry's pippin. regularly 228 codlin, Manks p. y. con. 1 K 1 8,10 golden drop. formed dessert Irish pitcher. Kn igh t wick pippin* fruit of excel- Irish codlin. ll'imfs Huntingdon. lent quality. 229 codlin. Nelson's. Pliiltips's reinette. 230 codlin. Old English p. y. con. 2 K 2 8,10 i/ellow. English codlin. 266 court of Wick, scarlet 231 codlin, royal. 267 Cousham. 232 codlin, Spring Grove p. y. con. 1 K 1 7,9 268 coussinettc - p. y. r. ov. 3 K 2 8 Great bearer. 2.33 codlin, Tarvey y-e- con. 1 K 9,11 American peach (o 2:« codlin, Tottenham some). Park. 269 cochon rouge. 235 codlin, transparent p. y. con. 1 K 9, 10 270 cow's snout - y- g- obi. 1 K 2 8,9 236 codlin, winter g- con. 2 K 1 9,2 Great bearer. 271 Cragie. 237 cceur d'ane - C 272 Cram apple. 238 coEur de bceuf d. r. calv. 1 K 273 Cray pippin. ctxur de pigeon, see 274 Creighton. pigeonnet. 275 crimson pippin. 239 Coiiig. Cro/ton, earlt/,see Irisl 240 Cole - r. ro. 1 KT 1 8,9 peach. scarlet perfume. 276 Crofton, early white. The Croftons 241 Collin's keeper. 277 Crofton, scarlet. are good 242 colonel Ilarbord's red Crofton. apples, but pippin y-g- con. I K 1 11,1 278 Crofton, white. being much 243 colonel Vaughan's. 279 Crofton, white sum- confused, 244 de Coloma str. ob. 3 T 2 9 mer. nothing can compote, see Padley's 280 Croom pi])pin. be said of pippin. 281 Cumberland pippin. them indivi- 245 concombre ancien. 282 Cumberland s|)ice. du,illy. 246 concombre des Char- 283 custard, white. treux. 284 cider sop y.b.r. ro. ov. 2 C 247 consunzer. dainty, see hoary 248 constant bearer. morning. Copmnnthorpe crab,?.KC 285 damelot y- ro. 3 C 10 .\ sort of Dutch mignonne. 28(! damelot vert - g- ro. 2 C 1 jitter sweet. 249 Coquerel plat C 287 Dantzigcr kantapfel d. r. ro. 2 K 2 11,12 corianda rose, see 288 Darleston pip)>in. courtpendu plat. 289 Darlington pippin g- ob. 2 2 250 Corin. Delaware, secTrump- 251 Corlic's sweet. ington. 252 corn apple. 2;)0 Davis's pippin. 253 Conquest de Wigcrs p. y. ro. 2 T 1 1,3 I Keeps well 291 Deptlord Inn- br.r. ro. 3 T 1 11,1 Objection- 254 Cornish aromatic - rus. r. ro. 1 T 1 10.1 : 292 Derbyshire - p. y. r. ov. 2| K 11,3 able, owing 4 L 2 G28 POMACEiE. X. Pybhs. 1 Xame. a g J >. § S Remarks. 5 S 2 P a & 293 Descibus y- ob. T 3 11 to its small 294 desjean rauscate. size. 295 deux ans, Hunt's - g' con. 2 T 2 2 years 296 deux ans, Hambledon g- •'• ro. 1 KT 1 1,5 A valuable 297 deux ans, Somerset- sort. shire - - - r. y. con. 3 C 298 deux ans, Wickham's 299 Devonshire Buckland p. y. ob. 2 KT 2 12,3 Good bearer. lily Buckland. white lily. Dredge's luhite lily. 300 Devonshire, Docker's str. ov. 2 T 2 12,1 301 Devonshire white sour - - - g- >'• Ol). 3 8 white sour. Dredge's early sum- mer. Dewit, see doctor. Diepe Kopjis, see little hollow-crown. 302 Devonshire wilding C 303 Dimmock's red. 304 doctor - y. str. ro. 2 T 2 10,1 Dewit. white doctor. yellow doctor. 305 Doctor Harvey. 306 Docker's seedling - str. ov. 2 T 2 11,1 307 tlog's snout. 308 Dolgoi Squoznoi V- g- pea. 2 T 2 8 309 domine. 310 Dominiska. 311 Doonside. 312 double-blossomed. 313 double Paradys str. ro. 2 3 10,1 314 double pepin. 315 double rouge de Pa- radys. 31 G double suure de Mar- seilles rus. ro. 3 T 2 11, 1 317 double bearing. 318 douce de Bolwiller - br. r. pea. 2 C 3 11, 12 319 douce morelle C peau de vache. 320 douxveret dore. 321 douxveret gris gros g-y- ro. 3 C 12 322 doux-amer p. y. ro. 3 C 12 323 doux-chair C 324 doux eveque - c 325 doux a laquet - c 326 doux, le gros - c 327 doux Si trochet, gros. ■{28 doux Saint Martin - c H29 doux Vernet - c 330 Downton y- ro. 3 T 1 11,1 Knight' s goldenpippin Elton pippin. Elton golden pippin. Knight's pippin. Saint Mary's pippin. 331 Dowell pippin. 332 downy. 333 doxey. 334 doyenne. 335 drap d'or y- ro. 1 K 2 10,11 Handsome, reinetfe janne hdtive but proves of (of some). an inferior hay apple. quality. Dredge's beauty of Wilts, see Harvey's pippin. Dredge's early sum- Kifr, see Devonshire white sour. 336 Dredge's emperor. 3.37 Dredge's fair maid of WiRl,f.,r,I. >, ^ Name. d g § S 1 1 Remarks. £ £ - t2 Of w 338 Dredge's fame. 339 Dredge's lord Nelson Dredge's white lily, see Devonshire Buck- land. due d'Jrscl, see olc nonpareil. 340 duchess of Hamilton. 341 duchess of Olden- burgh str. ro. 2 T 1 9 342 duchess of York's fa- vourite y. r. ob. 3 T 2 11,12 343 Dutch pippin. 344 duke of Beaufort's pippin. 345 duke of Gloucester, Hunt's. 346 duke of York, New- hold's y. str. con. 2 K 2 12,2 347 Dumbarton pippin. 348 Dumelow's seedling y. r. ro. 2 K 1 11,3 An excellent Wellington. kitchen apple. Normanton wonder. 349 Duncan - y. r. ro. 2 K 10,1 lord Duncan. 350 Dundee. 351 Duquesnay. 352 Dutch mignonne y. r. ro. 2 KT 1 12,4 Great bearer. reinette doree (of the and of first- Germans). rate quality. pomme de Laak. grosser casseler rei- nette. Paternoster apfel. Stettin pippin. Copviauthorpe crab. 353 early almond. white codlin. 354 early Bowhill. Luccombe's early Bowhill. 355 early harvest. 356 early Julien - y- con. 3 T 2 8 357 early marrow. 358 early red r. ob. 1 K 2 9,10 359 early redstreak. 360 early sweet redstreak 361 early wax y. obi. 3 T 2 8 362 easter apple - y. con. 2 KT 2 1>4 paasch apfel. 363 ecarlatine C .304 d'eclat. 365 Edel Koning. 366 Edinburgh cluster - y. ov. 2 K 2 11,1 Sir Walter Blachefs favourite. egg, see white Para- dise. 367 eikenhager, Willers. 368 embroidered pippin y. b. ro. 3 T 2 11, 1 reinette brodee. emperor Alexander, see Alexander. Englise pippin, see gol- den reinette. 369 Enkbing p.g.r. ov. 3 3 12,3 A poor fruit. 370 Enkhuizer Aagtie, Soete- y. r. ov. 2 2 10,1 371 epine d'ete. d'Espagne, see rei- nette blanche d' Espagne. 372 Essex pippin - y- rou. 3 T 1 10,2 Allied to the 373 Evans's valuable. golden pippin. Eve apple (of Ire- land), see early red Margaret. POMACEiE. X. PyRus. 629 fr B Name. 3 g g !i 0 a Remarks. 5 s. - a 3^ M Eve apple, sec Trunip- ingtoii. 374 d'Eve, ponime. 375 everlasting. 376 everlasting bearer. !377 eyelet, yellow - c 378 Faarcmules. 379 fail-me-never. 380 fair Circassian. 381 fair maid of France. 3«2 fair maid of Taunton y. r. obi. ov. 3 T 2 11,1 fall pippin, see rei- nette blanclic d' Espagne. fall pippin, Cohbetl's, see ib. fall pippin, large, see ibid. fall pippin, Sudlow's, see Franklin's gol- den pippin. 383 famagusta. fameuse, see dc neigc 384 fame. i 385 Fanarike. \ 386 Farleigh pippin .V- g- ov. obi. 2 T I 1,4 387 Farthing's pippin - g- ob. 3 3 11 388 faros, grand • y. r. obi. 1 3 11, 1 389 faros, gros r. ob. 2 T 2 12,3 faro>. 390 faros, petit. 391 faux varin C 39"2 Fcarn's pippin r. ob. 2 TK 1 11,2 A good bearer. 393 fenouillet d'or, gros. 394 fenouillet gris rus. ro. 3 T 2 1,4 lias a per- pomme d\-tnis. fumed anise 395 fenouillet gris, gros. flavour. 396 fenouillet jaune. yellow fenouillet. 397 fenouillet rouge rus. r. ro. 3 T 1 11,3 bardin. court-pendu gris. defer, see iron apple. 1398 Ferris's pippin. 399 feuille d'Aucuba. 400 figue. 401 figue sans pepins. finale, pomme, see male Carle. five crown pippin, sec London pippin. 402 Flanders pippin. 403 flat Anderson. 404 Fletcher's kernel - y. ro. 2 T 1 11,1 405 Fletcher's Abingdon pippin. 406 flower of Kent. 407 fleuf de Praireal - >■■ ob. 3 T 2 11,1 formosa pippin, see Ribston pippin. 408 Ford's seedling. 409 flower of the town - str. ro. 2 K 2 9,11 Indifferent fiowery town. in quality. redslreak (of Back- though a good house). bearer. 410 forest pippin - y. r. obi. ov. 2 K 411 Forman's crew - - y. rus. con. 3 T 1 11,4 412 Foxley - y- oval 3 C 413 Foxley pippin. 414 Foxley queening. 415 fox whelp d. r. ov. C 416 framboise. 417 Francatu. 418 franchc pepin y- ro. 2 T 1 11,3 419 French crab - g- ro. 2 KT 2 2 years Young's long keep- [ ing. 1 i >. ji Name. £ .i s 1 5 1 Romarks. 420 French crab, Ame- rican . . - str. ro. 2 K 2 12,4 Metoisee. 421 French Sussex. 1 422 Frequin blanc C Fni*s pippin, see court of Wick. 423 Fulwood. 424 Fulwood, Dutch late Fulwood. 425 Fulwood, early. 426 Fulwood, green g- obi. 1 K 1 12,5 Garnon's apple, see court-pendu plat. 427 garret jiippin. 428 Geache's favourite. 4J!I geant. 4:i0 gelee d'6te. 431 George the Fourth, Burge's. 432 George the Fourth, Myatt's. 433 Gcstreifter sommer cousinos. 434 Gcstreifter sommer zimptapfel. 4.35 giant. 4,'$C gilliflower str. ro. 2 K 2 10,2 437 gilliflower, Cornish d. g. y. ov. 2 T 1 12,5 The best of Calville d' Angleterre. ipples, but a Cornish July-fiower. )ad bearer. pomme regelans. 438 gilliflower, summer str. ro. 1 T 2 •I .\greatbearer. .•summer July-flower. Russian. 439 Gilpin - str. obi. ro. 2 T 2 12,3 Carthouse. 440 Girdler's large str. ob. 1 K 3 9 441 girkin pippin - p. y. ob. 3 2 IVarwiekshire pippin. 442 de glace. Iransparente. 443 glace blanche P- g- con. 2 C 12 444 glace rouge. glace de Zelande, see white Astrachan. 445 Glammis Castle g- con. 1 K 1 10, U 446 Glasbury, Norman - p. y. ov. 3 C 447 gloria mundi - American gloria g- y- ro. I K 1 11,1 \ very large I'ruit. mundi. New York gloria mundi. monstrous pippin. American majnmoth. glory of York, see Rib- ston pippin. 448 gloria mundi, Glazen- wood. 449 glory of Boughlon - y- rou. 1 K 10 450 glory of England. 451 glory of the West. 452 glory of 'V'ork. 453 Gloucester, white, of Virginia. 454 Gogar pippin. stone pippin (of some) 455 golde gulderling. K II, 9 456 golden ball - y. r. ro. 1 - 457 golden burr. golden drop, see court of Wick. 458 golden drop, Coc's - y- ro. 3 T 1 3.5 \n excellent lessert apple. 459 golden Harvey brandt/. rus. y. ro. 3 TC 1 1 2. 5 line of the richest do. 460 golden' knob - - rus. roil. 3 T a| I'/ '.i 1 1 >30 POMACEil X. Pyrus. Name. i E i, 1 rt Remarks. Name. i 1 s M 3 c Remarks. § S, 'i. S CT m " fr. M & a M 461 golden mundi. golden mundi, see gol- den russet. 487 Grauch, aigre, - | C 488 Grauch, la douce - 489 Gravenstein - str. str. ro. 1 ro. 1 c K 1 10,11 10,12 402 golden noble - 463 golden pippin y. rou, 1 K 2 9,10 490 great Milton pippin. y- ro. 3 T 1 11,4 lequires a 491 Greasley's seedling. old golden pippin. ivall in most 192 green apple. English golden pip- >ituations. 493 green balsam. pin. »nd its supe- green cosings, see Ry- Balgone pippin. Balgone golden pip- rior richness mer. deserves such 494 green everlasting - s- ro. 3 3 3,4 pin. protection. 495 green eyelet. Milton golden pippin. 496 green virgin. Bayfordbury pippin, russet golden pippin. 497 Gregoire Gregson, see catline. C Herefordshire golden Grey House, see house 498 Gribble. pippin. London golden pippin, pepin d^Or. pomme d'Or. 499 Grimshaw's crab. 500 Grimsteen. 501 grise _ - - g. rus. ro. 2 T 1 11,3 Koeuing's pippelin. gros Bondy, see de ra- reinette d'Angleterre. teau. golden pippin, Bow- yer's, see Bowyer's russet. 502 gros Bohn. 503 gros vert 504 grosse bonne. g- ro. 1 K 10,2 464 golden pippin, Cam- 505 grosse a cuire y- ro. 2 K 11,2 berwell. 506 grosse pomme d'Anie- 465 golden pippin, cluster y- oval 3 T 11,3 Fruit often rique. cluster pippin. oined in 507 grosse pomme noir twin cluster pippin. Kiirs. d'Amerique. 466 golden pippin, El- 508 grosse pomme d'au- ford. tomne. golden pippin, Ellon, 509 grosser Edler Prin- see Downton. zessen. 467 goldenpippin, Frank- 510 grosser reinischcr lin's . - - y. oval 3 T 1 10,12 Good bearer. Bohn apfel. Sudlow's fall pippin. 511 grosser winter Fleiner 468 golden pippin, 512 Grummage. Hughes's - y. ro. S T 1 12,2 Birmingham pippin. Hughes's new golden 513 Grunken Bergers pippin. golden pippin, Kir/re's, see new golden pip- pin. Golden's pippin, • krachapfel. 514 Guillot Roger 515 Grushovy Saliv 516 Halliday's pippin. p. y. ov. C 2 T 2 8 A transparent Russian apple. 517 hall-door y. r. ol). 2 T 2 12, 3 Knight's, see Down- 518 Hamilton pippin. ton pippin. 519 Hampstead sweeting. 469 golden pippin, new y. ro. 5 r •. 12,3 ."V great bearer, Hampshire yellow, see Kir he's golden pippin. but inferior in king of the pippins new cluster golden quality to the 520 Hampton candied pippin. golden pippin. heart. golden pippin, rival, 521 hanging- down. see anis-seed. de Hanovre, see Pear- 470 golden pippin, new son's plate. Taunton. 522 Hanwell souring - g-y- con. 2 K 12,3 471 golden pippin, scarlet 523 Haggerston pippin g- >■■ ro. 2 T 3 C 1 11,4 472 golden pippin, Scre- 524 hard pippin - g. p. r. ov. veton. 525 Harrison. 473 golden pippin, seed- 526 Harrison's Newark. ling - - - y- ro. 3 T 3 10,2 527 Harvey's pippin. 474 golden pippin, sum- Dredge's beauty oj mer - - - y. ov. 3 T 1 8,9 An excellent Wilts. 475 golden pippin, Tun- summer des- 528 Harvey, red. bridge. sert apple. hdtive, pomme, see 476 golden pippin, "War ters's. summer Stebbert. 529 hautbois. 477 golden pippin, Wyn Hans Mutterche, sei yard - - - 478 golden Worcester. 479 Golding. 480 good-year pippin. 481 gooseberry Like the gol- mdre de menage. den pippin, bii 530 Hawthornden p. y. ro. 1 K 1 10, 12 Abundant not so rich. witite Hawthornden. bearer, and y. jj 3 T 2 11,2 A great heart! 531 Hawthornden, Irish. 532 Hawthornden, red. bears young. 182 Graafen. 533 Haynes's pippin. 483 Grandessen, 534 Hay's early - p. y. oh. 8 484 Grange - - . y. r ). T 2 10,2 535 Heathfield's Frencl 185 Grange's pippin. apple. Grange's pearmnin. Heidelocher,see Hosk 186 Grave Slije. 1 reiger. POMACE.E. X. PvRus. 631 Name. g g s i 1 s 3 w Remarks. Name. i 1 3 KT f 1 Remarks. 536 Ilerit'orilsliircfTOOse. 586 iron apple b. g. pea. 2 a year 637 Ilercl'ordshire mon- pomme defer. ster - . - y- ro. 3 c 12 587 Isle of Wight pippin y. oval 3 T 1 9,1 Bears iiidill'er- 538 Hesketh's pippin - y- con. 1 K 10,1 Isle of IVight orange ently. 539 de H^risoM - C orange pippin. 540 hen and cliickens. 588 Islcworth crab p. y. ro. 2 K 2 10 Good bearer. 541 Henry's weeping pip- Brentford crab. pin - . - y- oval i T 2 12,2 589 Isted's plate apple. 542 de Heron. Isted's. 543 Hick's fancy. fe'-y- ob. i T 1 10, 2 A fine brisk d'ltalie, pomme, see netu noitpareil. flavoured ap- Massavis. early nonpareil. pie. 590 Ives's seedling str. ro. 2 K 11,1 Stagg's nonpareil. 591 ivory pippin. 544 Hieville rouge. 592 Jackson's pippin. 545 Hill's seedling P'g- ob. 1 K 2 8,9 Middleton pippin. 546 himbeerapfel. janurea, see reinettt 547 d'hiver ... y. ob. 2 K 2 1,4 du Canada. 548 Hoare's seedling. de Jardy, see belle 549 hoary morning str. ro. 1 K 2 10,3 Hervey. dainty. 593 Jeannettc C 550 hogshead g-y- ov. C 594 Jean Hure - y- pea. 2 C 1 551 Hollandbury - r. y. ro. K 2 11,1 Large and 595 Jertrey's seedling - y- ob. 1 K 10,1 hawherry pippin. handsome. 596 Jennet, golden C Hursleii pippin. 597 Jenny Sinclair. le beau rouge. 598 Jersey. Kirke*s scarlet ad- 599 Jersey greening. mirable. Jerusalem, pomme de. 552 Holland kruger. see pigeon. 553 Holland pippin y- obi. ro. K 11,3 600 Jerwin's seedling. 554 Holbein C 601 John apple - g- y- r. pea. ? C 1 12,2 A verj- old var. 555 hollow crowned pippin John apple, see north- 556 hollow eyed pip])in. ern greening. 557 Home's large. 602 Jollyfield pijipin. 558 honey greening. 603 Jolty Kutofsky Nalifi" p. y. con. i T 3 8 Hor-nead pippin, see 604 Jonathan. Hormead pearmain 605 Jordbaeraeble. 559 Hood's seedling. 606 Jordbaeraeble Kantet r. calv. 2 K Danish straw- 560 Horner's bitter sweet C 6O7 July early pippin. berry apples. 561 Horselin p. y. ov. 5 > T S > 11,12 Julji-flower, see gilli- 562 Hoskreiger - g- ro. K 11,4 Good bearer. flower. Heidelocher. July-fioiuer, Cornish, 563 house - g-r- oval r t C 1 see Cornish gilli- Grey house. flower. 564 How's pippin. Juhj.Jlower, summer. Ilowberry pippin, see see summer gilli- Hollandbury. flower. Uorseley pippin, see 608 July pippin. Hollandbury. 609 Juneating, American Hunaw, pomme de, see red. Rosackerle. 610 Juneating, early red. 565 Hunt's. Juneating, early strip- 566 Hunt's fine green ed, see early red pippin. Margaret. 567 Hunthouse p. y. obi. 5 K 12,3 611 Juneating, large white 568 Hunthouse, large. Juneating, red, see 569 Hutching's seedling. early red Margaret 570 Hutching's late seed- Juneating, striped, see ling. early red Margaret 571 Hutchinson's spotted y. r. ob. 3 T I 11,12 612 Juneating, white p. y. ro. ; i T I 7.8 A handsome 572 Huntingford - r. con. 2 K 1,4 Very bright Owen's golden beauty. early apple. 573 Hyde pippin. colour. 613 Kaiscrsheimer apfel. 574 imperial, Livcsey's. 614 Kantjis apfel - rus. r. ob. i K 1,2 575 incomparable - g-y- calv. 1 K 10 615 Reiser. 576 incomparable. Bar- 616 Kempster. ton's. 617 Kentish fill basket. 1 577 incomparable, Egre- Kentish pippin, see mont's. beauty of Kent. 578 incomparable. Hay's. >I8 Kentish giant. 579 incomparable, Ives's. 619 Kentish pippin. 580 incomparable, Kirke's 620 Kcrkan. 581 incomparablc.Lcwis's y. r. con. 1 T 2 12,2 621 kernel - C 582 incomparable,Sharp'si B22 kernel. Dollar's str. ov. 3 c 10,11 583 Ingcstric, red y. r. ov. ; T 1 10,11 f523 kernel, knotted str. ov. 3 C 10,11 584 Ingcstrie, yellow - y- oval. 3 T 1 9,10 Good bearer. G24 kernel, Skirm's str. ov. 3 c 10,12 Irish pilrher, see (i25 Kerry pippin - r. y. oval 2 T 9, 10 "■ood bearer. Manks codlin. Si6 Keston pippin r. y. ro. 3 T 10, 12 585 inimitable. king, sec Borsdorffer. 1 632 POMACES. X. Pyrus. ^ >. c Name. 3 S 6 a; i 1 Remarks. ■• ro. 1 704 maiden's blush y. r. ob. 1 KT 1 9, 10 Partiallyover- 705 niake-him-rich. sprcad with 7O6 Malcolm's seedling. fine red. 707 male Carle - g- r- ro. 2 T 1 11,3 Requires a Mela di Carlo. wall. pomme de Charles. pomme Carle* pomme finale. malingre d' Angleterre see Calville Nor- mande. 7O8 Margaret, early red str. ov. 2 T 1 8 One of the Margaret. best early ap- Margaret, early. pies Marguerite. red Juneating. striped Juneating. rOMACEiE. X. Pyrus. 633 Name. 1 a i , % i Remurka. N'ame. i g ii 1 3 Remarks. 3 b. - s 3 !0 3 sS » s 3 to early stripctl Jnnctit- 749 mother apple. ing. Molteux's seedling, set striped Quarrcnden. Beachamwell. Eee apple (of Ire- 750 Mount Stewart g- r- oh. 1 K 11, 1 land). 751 moulin in vent y. ov. 2 C 12 summer traveller. 752 Moxhay pippin p. y. con. 3 3 10 709 Margaret, yellow. Munche's pippin, set white Margaret. Margil. 710 Margaret, Vorksliire. 753 Munster pippin P- B- con. 1 K 10,1 711 Margil . y.r. ov. 3 T 1 11,2 Good bearer; museau de litfvre, set Munche^s pippin* approaches pigeonnet. malingre, see CiJvillc the Hihsttm 754 Mussellier. inalingre. pippin flavour. 755 naked apple. 71"- niariii Onfroi - C 75G nSgre dore. 713 marmalade pippin - >•• ob. 2 K 2 10,1 757 de neige p. g. r. ro. 2 T 2 11,1 Very white Althorp pippin. pomme fameuse. flesh. 714 marmorister soramer 758 Nelson - g- y- con. 1 K 9,10 pepping. 759 Nelguin. 715 marygold. 760 nevcr-fail. 716 marygold pippin y- ov. 2 10,11 Of little merit. 761 Newark king - g-r- pea. 2 T 2 11,2 717 Mary Greed's. 762 Newark yellow pip- 718 Masters's seedling. pin. 719 Mason's white p. y. con. 2 T 2 8 763 Newbold's Admiral Masmi's early. Duncan. 7'20 Massavis. 764 New England seek- pomme d' Italie. no-further. matchless, see Newton 765 New England sweet- Spitzembcrg. ing - C 7"21 Miiuclier, Rother. molasses. May, see long May. 766 Newman's kernel - C 722 Maude'sseedlingpip- 767 Newtown pippin g-y- ro. 2 T 1 1,5 Excellent, but pin. American Newtown requires a wall or good situa- 723 May bloom. pippin. 724 Mayers pigeonnet large Newtown pip- tion. blanc d'hiver p. y. con. 2 KT 2 12,4 pin. Megginch favourite. Petersburgh pippin. see golden reinette. green Newtown pip- 725 Melrose, white. pin. 726 Melville pippin. Newtown pippin, see 727 menaggre y- rou. 1 K 11,1 Alfriston. 728 mdre de manage r. ro. 1 K 1 10,1 Very large. Newtown pippin, Lord Haus Mutterclie. Gwi/di^r*s, see Al- 729 merveille de Port- friston. land. 768 Newtown pippin. 730 meuris Pepin. Hunt's green. 731 Michael Henry pip- 769 Newtown pippin, yel- pin - y- ov. 1 KT 2 11,2 low. 732 de Miche y- ov. 3 C 12 770 new rock pippin g- ob. 2 T 2 1,5 Resembles Middleton pippin, see 771 New York. Newtown pip- Jackson's pippin. New York gloria pin, but in- 733 Miller's glory - str. ov. 2 K 2 12,1 mundi, see gloria ferior. 734 MillHeld. mundi. 735 Minkler's. 772 New York, early. 736 Minshul crab y- ob. 2 K 1 12,2 Good bearer. 773 New York pippin. Lancashire crab. 774 noblesse de Gand - p. y. ov. 2 2 12, 1 737 Moncrieffe. 775 no core apple. 738 Moncrieffe, white. 776 noire. 739 Jlonkland pippin - y- oval 3 3 11 Worthless. pomme d'Anierique. 740 Mollet's Guernsey nonpareil, see old non- pippin y- ob. 3 T 2 12,2 Resembles a pareil. monstrous pippin, see golden pippin. 777 nonpareil, American. gloria mundi. nonpareil d' A ngleterre. Moore's large red win- see old nonpareil. ter sweeting, see red 778 nonpareil, Antrim - str. ro. 3 T 2 12,3 sweet pippin. 779 nonpareil, Hraddick's g. ro. 3 T 1 1.4 Very good and 741 Morchin's crab C Ditton Nonpareil. keeps sound. 742 Morden bloom y.r. ob. 2 K 3 8,9 780 nonpareil, Cockfield. 743 Morden round y. rus. rou. 3 T 3 12,3 Handsome, 781 nonpareil codlin. 744 Morden striped. but not juicy. nonpareil, early, see 745 Moreton C Hick's fancy. 746 Morgan. nonpareil, English, see molasses, see New En- old nonpareil. gland sweeting. 782 nonpareil, Downton g. rus. ro. 2 T I 12,4 Sharp rich 747 Mortimer. 783 nonpareil. Fair's - g-y- oval 3 T 1 11,2 lavour. 748 mouse. 784 nonpareil, flat rus. ob. 3 T 1 12,2 miloisee, see Ameri- 785 nonpareil, formosa. can French crab. 786 nonpareil, Frognal. VOL. U. 4 M 634 POMACES. X. Pybus. 787 nonpareil, golden - 788 nonpareil, golden rus- set. 789 nonpareil, green 790 nonpareil, Hare's. 791 nonpareil, Martin - nonpareil^ new, see Hick's fancy. 792 nonpareil, new green. 793 nonpareil, old nonpareil. English nonpareil, nonpareil d'Angle- terre. due d'Arsel. Hunt's nonpareil. Loveden's pippin, griine reinette. pomme-poire (of some.) reinette nonpareil. 794 nonpareil, Petworth. 795 nonpareil, Redding's 796 nonpareil, Ross nonpareil, russet coat- ed, see nonpareil russet. 797 nonpareil, St. John's. 798 nonpareil, scarlet - new scarlet ?ionpareU. nonpareil, Stagg's, see Hick's fancy. 799 nonpareil, Stubton. 800 nonpareil, Sweeney 801 nonjiareil, Symonds' !802 noni)areil, Taunton. 803 nonpareil, Waterford. 804 nonpareil, white. 805 nonnette. Rumsche Kruger. 806 nonesuch 807 nonesuch, Bowes's. 808 nonesuch, Biggs's. nonesuch, Clifton. 810 nonesuch. Green- grass's. 81 1 nonesuch, royal win- ter. nonesuch, Watson's new, see summer Thorle. 812 nonesuch park apple Norfolk Beaujjn, see Beaufin. 813 Norfolk Coleman - 814 Norfolk Paradise - Milmount Beaufin. Norfolk pippin, see Adams's pearmain. 815 Norfolk storing 816 Norman, knotted. 817 Norman, red. 818 Norman Styre 819 Norman, yellow 820 de Normandie 821 Normandy pippin. Normanton iconder, seeDumelow'sseed • ling. 822 North's crab - 823 northern greening - John apple (of some). Cowartt Queening (of some). Walmer Court Northwick pippin, see Blenheim pippin 'br. r. g. rus. 1,4 12,3 1,5 12,3 11,2 1,3 1.4 12 Peculiar and excellent fla- vour: bears well as a stan dard in a fa- vourable situ- ation ; other- wise deserves a wall. [dant Small. Abun- Fenottillet fla- Very hand- some. 11,2 Resembles the golden pippin. Tree hardy. 11,4 10, 12 II 11,4 Keeps soinid without shri- veiling. ^ >. c Name. i g S V ■3 Remarks. '-' iH M U 01 M 824 Norton seedling. 825 Norwich jubilee. 826 nostrate blanche P- g- ov. 1 c 12 827 Nottidge's seedling. 828 Nottingham. de Notre Dame, see Rambour franc d' ete. nutmeg pippin, see cockle pippin. 829 nouvelle mailame. 830 Oaks - str. con. 2 3 11,2 Worthless. 831 ceillet - c 832 ognon - - - ?•>■• Ob. 2 2 1 833 Oldaker's new. 834 old king. 835 Old Park pippin - r-g- ov. 3 3 11,1 836 olive pippin. 837 Oliver's. 838 orange. 839 orange, American. orange Blenheim, see Blenheim pippin. orange, Isle of Wight, see Isle of Wight pippin- orange pippin, see Isle of Wight pippin. 840 Orack Elma. 841 Ord's apple - b. g. r. ov. 3 T 2 1,5 A Persian 842 Orleans. apple. 843 Orme - P- g- Ob. 2 T 2 2,4 844 Orpolin- C Ortley, see Woolman's long. d'or, pomme, see gol- ' den pippin. d'or, pepin, see golden pippin. 845 Ostend pippin. 846 Oslin - p. y. ro. 2 T 1 8,9 Peculiarly white Oslin. rich aroma. Arbroath pippin. outre-passe, see passe- pomme d'automne. Owen's golden beauty. see white Juneat- ing. 847 d'Ozanne C paasch apfel, see cas- ter apple. 848 pack-horse y. r. ro. T 2 849 Padley's pippin b. r. y. ro. 3 T I 12,1 Apt to shrivel compdte. if not packed 850 painted lady - str. ro. 2 T 2 10,11 in fern, or panachee, see api pa- sand. nache. 851 paper. 852 Paradise. 853 Paradise, white y- obi. 3 T 2 11,12 <"?«■• lady's finger. 854 Paradis Franc C 855 Paradis rouge d'hiver str. ov. 2 11, 1 Of little value. 856 Parmentier. 857 parsonage pippin - str. Ob. 3 T 2 11 858 passe-pomme. 859 passe-pomme d'au- tomne r. calv. 2 K 9, 10 pomme-generale. outre-passe. 860 passe-pomme blanc p. r. calv. 2 K 2 9,10 passe'pomme du Ca- nada, see royal rus- set. 861 passe-pomme du Ca- Probably nada gris. [royal russet. I POMACES. X. Pyrus. 635 Name. i g « V 1 i Remarks. M- s u (h — & a w 862 passe-pomme rouge. Those having 863 passe-poimne rouge the name of d'automne. ^asse pommes 864 passe-rose plat. are chiefly of 865 Paternoster. the Calville Paternoster, see Dutcli nature. mignonne. 866 Paternoster sans pe- pins. 867 Patersonian. 868 patriot. 869 Pawson - c 870 peach apple. 871 peach apple, Irish - g. b. r. ro. 2 T 1 8,9 An excellent eartif Cro/ton. early fruit. 872 peach apple, 0.\ford. 873 pear apple. g- obo. 3 3 3 10 874 pearmain, Adams's y. r. pea. 2 T 1 11,2 Very hand- Norfolk pippin. some and pearmain, American, good. see royal pearmain.] 875 pearmain, American summer. 876 pearmain, American winter sweet. pearmain, .Irundel, see , Hormead pear- main. 877 pearmain, Augustus. 878 pearmain, autumn - y. r. pea. 2 KT 1 9,10 Rich yellow royal pearmain (of flesh. some). 1 summer pearmain (of: some). American pearmain. ! 879 pearmain, Barcelona 1 y. r. pea. 2 T 1 11,1 Requires a speckled golden rei- good situation. nette. kleiner casseler ret- nette. reinette rouge. reinette rousse. reinette des Carmes. 880 pearmain, Baxter's y. r. pea. 2 KT 2 12,3 881 pearmain, Benwell's 882 pearmain, Bright's. Wick permain. 883 pearmain. Capper's str. pea. 1 T 2 12,3 Handsome. 884 pearmain, Chester. 885 pearmain, Claygate y. r. pea. 2 T 2 1,3 886 pearmain, federal - g-r- pea. 3 T 1 12,3 887 pearmain, Foulden - y. r. pea. 2 KT 1 11,3 pearmain. Grange's, see Grange's pip- pin. 888 pearmain, golden - | rus. r. pea. obi 2 TO 1 11,3 Ruckman's pearmain. 880 pearmain, Ham- mond's. 890 pearmain, Hereford- shire. y- g- "■• pea. 1 KT 1 11,3 An old and old pearmain. excellent sort. parmain. royal pearmain (oi some authors). 891 pearmain Hormead y- pea. 2 KT I 10,3 A good bearer. Arundel pearmain. Hormead pippin. 892 pearmain, Hubbard's p. rus. pea. 3 T 1 11,4 Very rich. 893 pearmain, gilliflower y. r. pea. 2 T 2 11,3 894 pearmain, Kilkenny. 895 pearmain, Lamb Ab- bey . . - g. y. r. pea. 2 T 1 I>4 Keeps well 896 pearmain, large red without shri- sweet winter. velling. 897 pearmain. Loan's. 898 pearmain, London. 1 _ g\ = 1 Name. 1 & a 1 Remark!. 899 pearmain, Lord Pow- U't's. 900 pearmain, Mickle- ham. 901 pearmain, Panson's g.b. pea. 2 T 2 12,3 902 pearmain, Parry's - p.g.r. ov. 2 T 1 12,3 903 pearmain, royal. pearmain, royal, see autumn pearmain. pearmain, Ruckman's, see golden pear- main. 904 pearmain, scarlet - r. pea. 2 T 1 9,1 Good bearer. Beirs scarlet. 905 pearmain, Spanish. 906 ])earniain, striped. 907 pearmain, summer golden. 908 pearmain, summer. 1909 pearmain, sweet. 910 pearmain,Teraughtie. 911 pearmain. Vale Mas- cal - br. r. ov. S T 12,2 912 pearmain, Wick. 913 pearmain, winter - g- y- >". pea. S ! KT >. 12,3 Resembles the 914 pearmain, Young's. Herefordshire 915 Pearson's plate - - y- g- "•• ob. . i KT 12,3 pearmain. peau de vache, see douce morelle. 916 Pencaitland pippin. 917 Pennock's red win- ter - g-r- ob. K 11,3 Not apt to Pennock's large red shrivel. winter. Pennock, red. 918 Pennington's seed- ling - y. rus. ob. 2 KT 1 11,3 An excellent 919 Petworth seedling. variety. Petersburgh pippin,see Newtown pippin. 920 petit Jean r. ro. 3 ■{ 11,3 .\bundant 921 Petit Thouars. bearer, would 922 Phlamboot. perhaps do for 923 pigeon . . - p.g.r. con. 3 T 2 12,1 cider. Arabian apple. pomme de Jerusalem. pigeonnet rouge. 924 pigeon's egg. 925 pigeonnet The pigeonnets occur de pigeon. liave all ten- museau de lit^ure. der flesh ; but 926 pigeonnet blanc. the ditfcrent 927 pigeonnet gros de sorts have not Rouen. yet been ren- 928 pine apple, Lucombe's y- ro. J T 2 9,10 dered distinct pine apple. 929 pine apple pippin. 930 Pinner seedling. Caret's seedling. 931 Pitminster crab str. ov. i i 11,12 Useless, un- 932 Polnischer Moronki. ' 1 less fit for pomme-generale, see cider. passe-pomme d'au- tomne. 933 pomme-poire - - | rus. ro. i T I !,-> Not so good pomme-poire, see old IS tlie old noK' nonpareil. 934 pomme-poire blanche Tareil, which t resembles. pommc-rose, see api I)etit. 935 pomme-poire grossc. 936 pome roy. Taunton. 937 i)<>nie-roy, early. 9:«l pome-roy, new. H:19 |)omc-roy. old br.y. con. 2 T i 11,2 SeserveB to be 940 Pompion. 4u 2 636 POMACEiE. X. Pyrus. 941 Ponto pippin. 942 poor man's profit. 943 porte tulipee. Portugal, see reinette du Canada. 944 post apfel 945 post captain. 946 postoplie d'ete. 947 postoplie d'hiver. 948 Potter's large - Prager, see Sykehouse russet. 949 pound. 950 Poveshon. 951 Prague. 952 Priestley Priestley's American. Prince's harvest, see large yellow. 953 prince. 954 prince royal - 955 prince de Waterloo. 956 prince's pippin. 957 princesse Anne. 958 princesse noble. 959 princesse noble Zoete princesse. princesse noble Zoete, see court-pendu plat. 960 princesse noble Zuure 961 prinzen - - - 962 profit apple - 963 pursemouth. 964 Purton's pippin. 965 Pupicher. 966 Quarrenden, Devon- shire - red Quarrenden. sack apple. Quarrenden, striped, see early red Mar- garet. 967 Quarrenden, white. 968 Queen Boatswain's pippin. Queen's, see Bors- dbrffer. 969 Queen Anne. 970 Queen Charlotte 971 Queening, Cowarn - Queening, Cowarn, see Northern Green- ing. 972 Queening crab. 973 Queening crab. Knight's 974 Queening, crimson - scarlet Queening, summer Queening, red Queening. 975 Queening, grey 976 Queening, Hereford- shire. 977 Queening, winter - langer rother him beer apfel. 978 quince apple. 979 quoit. 980 Rabine. 981 Uabine d'ete. 982 Raboulink. 983 Raboulink blanc. ,984 Rambo - Romanite. American seek-nO' I further. p. y. p. y. r. str. obi. obi. con. more cidti- ated. 11,1 12,4 10,12 2 11,2 10,1 Spicy flavour. The princesse •ble apples are all very indilFerent in this climate. V sort of crab Good bearer. 12,2 12,3 12,1 Not so rich as the Cornish lliflower, but resembles it both in flavoui and appear- ance. 985 rambour 986 rambour i cotes, gros. 987 rambour franc - 988 rambour franc d'ete rambour raye< pomme de Notre Dame. 989 rambour gros. 990 raspberry. 991 de rateau. gros hondy. 992 rather ripe - 993 Ravelston pippin - 994 Rawling's pippin. 995 Rawson. 996 red bough. 997 red everlasting. 998 red must add red streak, Devon- shire 1000 red streak, Dorset- shire 1001 red streak, Eaton - 1002 red streak, Here- fordshire - 1003 red streak, Irish. 1004 red streak, keeping 1005 red streak, Moccas 1006 red streak. Parson's 1007 red streak, Scotch winter. red streak, winter, see Cambusnethan pippin. 1008 Redondelle - 1009 Redondelle Miche 1010 red sweet pippin sweet pippin (of the Americans). Moore's large red winter sweeting. large red winter sweeting. 1011 Reed's baker. regelans, pomme, see Cornish gilli- flower. reinette d'Aix, see golden reinette. 1012 reinette d'Aizerna reinette de Breda. reinette Nelguin. 1013 reinette d'Astra- chan. reinette bdtarde, see Borsdorfier. 1014 reinette Baumann 1015 reinette de Bentem. 1016 reinette Bernard. 1017 reinette, BischofFs. 1018 reinette blanche. 1019 reinette blanche d' Espagne - reinette d' Espagne d' Espagne. fall pippin. large fall pippin. Cobbett's fall pip- pin. 1020 reinette Bosc. 1021 reinette de Bre- tagne. reinette brodee, set embroidered pip- br. y. 10,1 12,4 10 11,2 Many varie- ties are con- fused under the name of bour ; fruit generally large ; trees vigorous. Blossom late. A good bearer. A handsome firm apple. A sweet cider fruit. con.flatl KT 1 11,4 Good bearer, Not apt to .shrivel. One of the largest sized apples. Trees in some soil: inclined to canker. POMACEiE. X. PyRus. 637 >. . Name. 3 s, 1 3 o 1 Remarks. reinette du Canada and, though blanche. large, of ex- rcinette grosse dn cellent quality Canada. even as a des- du Canada. sert fruit Is reinctte de Caen. probably the reinelte du Canada best api)le of a cdtes. its size, and Portugal. surpassed by Wahre reinelte. lew of those reinetle grosse d'An- that are glelerre. smaller. It de Bretagne. therefore de- Janurea. serves exten- reinelte du Canada sive cultiva- grise, see royal tion. russet. reinelte du Canada ptatte, see royal russet. reinelte des Carmes, see Barcelona pcarmain. 1023 reinette Caractire y. rus. oval 3 T 2 10,2 1024 reinette Carpentin rus. r. ro. 3 T 1 12,4 Peculiar sub- red streak (of Black- acid, and house), see flower slight/cnoK(7- of the town. let flavour. 1025 reinette de Caux. 1026 reinette, Chassens Glanz. 1027 reinette, citronen. reinette d'.-tngleterre, see golden pip- pin. 1028 reinette, Contin - y. r. ro. 2 T 2 10 A good bearer. 1029 reinette course. 1030 reinette.CrcdosGut- ten. 1031 reinette Diel. 1032 reinette, Dietzer Mandels. reinette doree (of the Germans), see Dutch mignonne. 1033 reinette doree (of the French) DiSerent sorts reinette jaune tar- have fruited dive. under this reinette rousse. name, but 1034 reinette Episco- none of them pale. are equal to 1035 reinette d'Erken- the golden stein. reinette, or reinetle d'Espagne, Dutch mig- see reinette blan- nonne. che d'Espagne. 1036 reinette franche. 1037 reinette franche ft cotes. 1038 reinette franche grauwe br. rus. ro. 2 KT 1 12,4 Requires a 1039 reinctte, French. good situation 1040 reinette, Gardonker with free ad- gold. mission of 1041 reinette, Gaumont. sun. reinelte Gielen, see golden reinette. 1042 reinette de Geer. 1043 reinette Gielen, grosse. 1044 reinette, golden r. y. ob. 2 T 1 10,1 A handsome. yellow German rei- regularly netle. 1 formed, and English pippin. j excellent des- Aurore. ■ 'sert fruit of 1 reinetle d'.iix. 1 ' ifirst-ratc ex- 1 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1056 1057 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 princesse noble (of the French). reinette Gielen. Kirke's golden rei- nette. Megglnch favourite. reinette grise. reinette grise d'.Vn- gleterre petite - reinette grise d'au- tomne. reinetle marbree. reinette grise de Champagne reinette grise dor6e. reinette grise double reinette grise extra. reinette grise de Granville - reinette grise d'hi- ver, petite. reinette grise de Hollande - reinelte de Havre. reinctte grise de Mctz. reinctte grise, new. reinctte grise de St. Onge. reinette grise Tur- binee. reinette grosse du Ca- nada, see reinette du Canada. reinette grosse d'An- gleterre, see rei- nette du Canada. reinette grosse d' An- gleterre pomme madame (of some). reinette, goldgelbe sommer. reinette. Grove End. reinette de Hol- lande. reinette de Hongrie] reinette jaune ha- tive. reinetle jaune hdtive, see drap d'or. reinette jaune su- cree. reinette, Kbnigs, reinette, Kirke's goU den, see golden reinette. reinette, Kleiner Cas- seler, see Barce- lona pearmain. reinette. Knack. reinette de Laak - reinette, Lancashire. reinetle, large sweet. reinette ft longue queue. reinelte marbree, see reinette grise d' automne. reinette Michaux - reinette.Minster gol- den. reinette de Mont- bron - - - reinelte, Multhaupts carmine - reinette, Muscaten. y. r. 11,1 12,2 11,3 Flavour re- sembles that oifenouillet grU. Very thickly coated with 12,2 2 10, 12 ellence; trie 'ood bearers. Nearly as large as the roi du Canada, but of less merit. \ good bearer, llesembles the golden rei- 638 POMACES. X. Pyrus. >. e Name. 3 g ,■; a! 1 Remarks. s & 1 iS a 1 1077 reinette de museau. nette, but not 1078 reinette musquee. so rich. reinette,nonpareily see 1 old nonpareil. 1079 reinette naine y- g- con. 2 T 2 11,2 Tree dwarf. 1080 reinette, Neiman's Rother. 1081 reinette du nord - y- oval 2 T 2 Will keep two 1082 reinette, northern. years. 1083 reinette pietee p. rus. ro. 2 K 3 10 rei7iette,PkiUips's,see court of Wick. 1084 reinette de Provence 1085 reinette Quetten. quince reinette. reinette rouge, see Barcelona pear- main. reinette, grune, see old nonpareil. lose reinette de Rochelle 1087 reinette rouge pietee 1088 reinette rouge de Pentecote. 1089 reinette rouge de Sickler. reinette rousse, see Barcelona pear- main. 1090 reinette, royal str. con. 1 KT 2 12,4 Good bearer. 1091 reinette, Selwood's g- y- pea. 3 T 2 12,2 reinette, speckled gol- den, see Barcelona pearmain. 1092 reinette, striped monstrous. 1093 reinette Truite - y. str. ro. 2 T 2 11,12 Sugary.butnot 1094 reinette, Tyroler very juicy. Glanz p. y. ro. 2 T 2 12,1 1095 reinette, Uellners gold rus. oval. 3 T 1 1,3 Excellent : reinette IVahre, see tree seems de- reinette du Ca- licate. nada. reinette, yellow Ger- man, see golden reinette. 1096 reinette vert - g ro. 3 T 2 12,3 A sort of non- 1097 reinette Zorgvliet. pareil. 1098 reinette, Zimt. 1099 reinette Zoete Grauwe, 1100 Reinwardt. 1101 Renouvelet - C 1 102 rliein apfel, der^. Saure C 1 103 Rhode Island green- 11,4 ing - ■ - g- ro. 1 K 1 12,4 Good bearer. 1104 Ribston pippin g- y- ••• ro. 2 T K I 11,3 Ought to be in glory of York. every collec- formosa pippin. tion. Trees Travers's. very healthy 1105 Ribston pippin, nevp. in some soils; 1106 Rick. in others sub- 1107 Ridge. ject to canker. 1108 Roan's white crab. 1109 Rigby's pippin. 1110 Robert's seedling. nil Robinson's. 1112 Rob Roy. 1113 Rodmersham pip- pin - y. r. ro. 2 K 2 10,12 1114 Rogers's magnum bonum. 1115 roi trSs noble p. y. y. obi. 2 2 11,12 1116 Romaine. 1117 Romaine blanche - p. y. obi. 2 3 11,2 Requires a >. c Name. g 1 s oi ^ Remarks. § £ & o 1 1118 Romaine d' Italic. warmer cli- 1119 Roman stem y- ov. 3 T 2 11,12 mate than this. Romanite, see Rambo 1120 Romaril p. y. ob. 2 C 11,12 1I2I Rosackerle - y- ro. 2 KC 1,3 pomme de Hunaw. 1122 rose Harding. Rook's nest apple, see spice apple. 1123 Rostocker - r. ro. 1 KC 1 11,5 A good bearer. Stetting rouge. 1124 rother Bietigheimer 1125 rother weiner som- mer apfel y. r. pea. 2 C 9 1126 rouge Bruydre C 1127 rouge de Pentecote r. calv. 2 K 1,4 A sort of cal- 1128 Rougham seedling g-r. ob. 3 T 2 12 ville. 1129 round. 1 130 round head - g- ro. 2 K 11, 1 1 131 Rowlinson's. 1132 royal Beacham C 1133 royal Devon - C 1134 royal George. 1135 royal Jersey. 1130 royal mundi. 1137 royal pippin. 1138 royal red. Hunt's. royal Somerset, see London pippin. 1139 royal Wilding y- con. 3 C 1 12 A shy bearer Russian, see summer from Here- gilliflower. fordshire, but Russian, see court- one of this pendu plat. name in De- russet, Acklam's, see vonshire has Syke House rus- been much ce- set. lebrated. 1140 royal e. 1141 royale d'Angleterre y. r. obi. 2 K 11,1 1142 royal rouge d'hi- ver. Rumsche Krnger, see Nonnette. 1143 Russian. 1144 Russian transparent russet, aromatic, see spice apple. 1145 russet. Bishop's. 1146 russet, Bowyer's - y. rus. ov. ro. 3 T 1 9 Rowyer's golden pip- pin. 1147 russet, Boston rus. ro. 2 T 1 1,4 Of excellent Roxbury russet. quality, with Shippen's russet (of a Ribston jiip- some.) pin flavour. 1148 russet, Browne's im- perial. 1149 russet. Burgundy. russet Byson- Wood, see Byson-Wood. 1150 russet. Caraway. 1151 russet, golden rus. ov. 2 T K 1 12,3 Requires a golden mundi (of good situation. some). 1152 russet, Harvey. russet, Irish, see Sam Young. 1153 russet, knobby rus. oval 3 T 2 12,3 1154 russet, mignonne. 1155 russet, Morris's non- pareil rus. ob. 3 T 1 11,2 1156 russet, More's. 1157 russet, nonpareil - rus. ob. 3 T 1 12,2 russet coated non- pareil. 1158 russet nonpareil, Pit- maston rus. ob. ^ T 1 11,2 Excellent. POMACEiE. X. Pyrus. G39 ■ p. c Name. i .2 i 1 i Remarks. 5 & s CD) tn SpUzemberg, Flush- ing. 1240 Spitzemberg, Kaighn's - p. r. con. 2 3 11,1 Worthless. 1241 Spitzemberg, New- town y. r. ro. 2 KT 1 11,2 Very hand- matchless. some. 1242 Spitzemberg, Pow- nal's. 1243 Staunton pippin. 1244 Stead's kernel C 1245 stern apfel. Stettin pippin, see Dutch mignonne. 1246 Stetlingjaune y- ro. 1 C 1,5 Bears abun- Stetting rouge, see dantly. Rostocker. 1247 Stelsted pippin. 1248 Stetchworth seed- ling, Bayley's. 1249 Stetchworth seed- ling, Eaton's. 1250 Steuchal, pepin. 1251 Stire, red - C 1252 Stire, white - C 1253 Stirling Castle. 1254 stone pippin - p. y. ro. 2 T 1 1,4 Handsome : stone pippin, see Go- different sorts gar pippin. are under this 1255 Stony Royd pippin y- ro. 2 T 1 1,4 name. 1256 Straat - g-y- ro. 2 T 1 12,4 Excellent, re- 1257 strawberry, early. semblingNcMi- 1258 strawberry, summer. town pippin. 1259 strawberry, winter. 1260 Strode-House pip- pin - - - y- ro. 2 T 2 11 strifiing d'hiver, see d'Astems. striped Holland pip- pin, see Lincoln- shire Holland pip- pin. 1261 Stubton pippin. 1262 Sturmer pippin. Stuttgarter Gaishir- tel, see Wugsdorf- fer. 1263 sugarapple, Siberian 1264 sugar loaf pippin - g- obi. 2 K 1 8 A good early 1265 summer hedging. apple. 1266 summer pippin g- ob. 3 T 2 8 1267 summer queen. 1268 summer rose y. r. ob. 3 KT 2 8 1269 summer Stibbert - y- con. 1 K 2 8 Good bearer. avant tout. hdtive. summer traveller, see early red Mar- garet. 1270 superieure. 1271 superintendent prachtvoll-rei- nette. 1272 surprise. 11273 Sussex. !1274 Svinels. II275 Swaar. [I276 Swedish early sauce str. con. 2 K 8 1277 Swedish golden. !l27R sweet Lading 1279 sweet little wilding str. ob. 2 3 C 2 Worthless. Zoete Wildjes. sweet pippin (of the Americans), see red sweet pippin. 1280 sweeting, large green. ' ' >. C Name, J g S 6 'i Remarks. 0 £ D a 1 sweeting large red winter, see red sweet pippin. 1281 sweet pippin y. ov. 3 c 10,11 1282 sweeting, large strip- ed. Syke House, see Syke House rus- set. taffitai, see trans- parent d'Astra- chan. 1283 Tankerton. 1284 Tankerville - str. ro. 3 3 9 1285 Tanner's. 1286 tardfleur c Taunton, see pome- roy. 1287 Tay-side pippin. 1288 ten-shillings. 1289 Tenterden Park - y. r. ro. 3 T 1 10,2 1290 tete de chat. tete de chat (of Jer- sey), see round cat's head. 1291 Tetofsky - str. obi. 2 T 2 8,9 Handsome. 1292 Tewksbury winter blush. 1293 Thompson's. 1294 Thorle, summer - p. y. r. ob. 2 T 1 8,9 .\ very hand- whorle pippin. some early Watson's new none- apple of good such. quality. 1295 Thorle, winter. tiolet, see de Long- bois. 1296 Thoresby seedling r. pea. 2 T 1 1,4 1297 Tockington ruby - C 1298 Tom Potter. 1299 Tom Put. 1300 top. 1.301 Tonnelle. 1302 Torbron's. 1303 Tower of Glammis g-y- obi. 1 K 1 11,2 Moderate transparent, see de bearer. Glace. 1304 transparent d'Astra- chan. taffitai. 1305 transparent deChrist 1.306 transparent green. 1307 transparent. Wood's transparent de Mos- covie, see white Astrachan. 1308 transparent de Zu- rich - - - p. y. con. 2 C 9,10 Good bearer. 1309 traveller. Trayprs' s,seeRibston pippin. 1310 travelling queen. 131 1 Trianon superbe. 1312 Trumpington r. ob. 3 T 2 9,12 Eve apple. Delaware. 1313 Turk's cap - C 1314 tulip - r. ov. 2 T 2 11,4 A Dutch ap- tulp. ple of a very tulpen. bright red 1315 Turpin. colour, and a twin cluster pippin, good bearer. see cluster golden pippin. 1316 two yearling. 1317 Uffinnton pippin. 1318 underleaf - y.r. ob. 2 T 3 12 POMACES. X. Pyrus. 641 Nan,e. 1 1 S b. Si u a C lii-m.irks. Name. 3 1 1 1 S 3 .X ncmarki. 1319 uiulorleaf, Heriford- 3fi0 wine-sop, winter. shire C 3(>1 wine-sop, Ameri- 1320 VaU'ntiiie. can. 1321 Valk) ticlil pippm B- >■■ Ob. 2 T 2 9 < jood be.irer. :i(i2 wine, Spitzemberg. 1322 Vaiultrvere - y. r. ob. 2 KC 2 12,3 :t(;3 winter - rus. ro. 2 T 2 11,3 rail Dyne, see Ort- ley. :!(!4 winter Boggc, Zoete 3(i5 winter greening. 1323 vater apfel oliiie 13()(! winter niajetin g. b. r. ro. 1 K 1 1,6 Tree hardy : kuriie. .•t(i7 winter jjijipin. lot subject to 1324 veiny i)i])piii b. g. ro. 2 3 10,1 131)8 winter stone pip- the attacks of 1325 Venus pippin. pin - v-e- obi. 3 T 1,5 nsccts. 1321! vcrtuc. 13C9 winter warden. 1327 violette, pomme - d. r. con. 1 K 2 10,3 Moderate 1370 wire wood. vioU'lle de quatrt learer: fruit 1371 wise apple. goAts. ■overed with 1372 Wydoge. gros pomme noire (T jloom like a 1373 Witte Wyn I'-g- ro. i C 10,11 Amerique. )lum. woodcock, see north- red Calville (of ern greening. some). 1374 woodcock, new C 1328 waclis apfel - p. y. obi. 2 C 10, 12 Wood's Huntingdon, Walmcr court, see see Court of northern green- Wick. ing. Woodstock pippin. 1329 Waltham pippin. see Blenheim pip- 1330 Waltham Abbey pin. seedling - y- ro. 1 K 1 9,1 Large and 1375 Wood's greening - g- con. 2lKT| J 1,5 1331 wanderer. landsome. 1376 Woolman's long - y- obi. 5 KT 12,4 Excellent in a 1332 Warwickshire green- Ortleti. good situa- ing. Van Dyne. tion. Warwickshire pippin, WoUaton pippin, see see girkin pippin. court-pendu plat. 1333 Wasserlinger C 9,4 1377 Wormsley pippin - v-g- ro. 2|KT| 1 Excellent watch apple, secCam- Knight's codlin. bearer. busnethan pippin. 1378 Wyken pippin y- ob. . { T 2 12,4 Has been con- fused with 1334 Watson's dumpling sir. ro. K 1 Resembles ./Irley. 1335 wax apple. the beauty of Wyker pippin, see Wyker pippin, 1336 Weisbrod apfel C 11,2 Kent. golden reinette. but is very 1337 Weisser Bietighei- i/ellow, see Court of different. mer. ' Wick. 1338 Weeks's pippin. 1379 yellow bough, large 1339 Wellbank's constant early - - y- ro. K 1 8,9 bearer y. r. ro. '. > K ;: 11,1 1380 yellow harvest. Wellington, see Du- 1381 yellow harvest, large melow's seedling. 1382 yellow pippin. 1340 Welsh pippin. 1383 yellow Scggiden. 1 34 1 West Grinstead pip- 1384 S'oung pippin. pin - g.str. ro. 2 T 11,4 Does not 1385 Young's seedling - g-r- ro. 2 T 1 1,5 1342 Wetherell's white shrivel. 1386 Yorkshire green- sweeting - y- ro. J c 9 .\ sweet cider ing - g- ob. 1 K 1 10,1 Apt to speck. 1343 Whernel's pippin - y- pea. 2 K 12,3 apple. Coates's. 1344 white costin. seek-no-further (of 1345 white easter - p. y. pea. 2 K 1,4 some). 134G white hvde pippin. Yorkshire goose 1.-547 white loaf. sauce. X'MH white Letham pippin 1387 Zoete bellefleur - r. y. ob. 2 12,1 uhile lihj, see De- 1388 Zoete blanke y- calv. 3 K 2 10, 1 vonshire Buck- 1389 Zoete Champagne rus. ro. 3 T 2 11,1 A sweet rus- land. 1390 Zoete Kandy. set. 1349 white seal - p. y. obi. 1 K 9 Of little value 1391 Zoete Kantjis. white sour, see De- 1392 Zoete Jopen Roode SmaU but good, with a vonshire white sour. 1393 Zoete Peter Lely - Zoete Wildjes, see rus. ob. 3 T 1 11,2 13.50 white stone pippin. 1331 Whitmore pippin. y- con. 1 K 12,1 sweet little wild- ing. russet-non- pareil flavour. whorle pippin, set 1.394 Zoete Raboise. summer Thorle. 1395 Zoete Veen. 1352 Wiigsdorffer. Resembles 1396 Zuribel. Stutlgarter Gaishir- the Bors- lei. dorffer. 1353 William y- ob. 2 TC 2 11,1 § .lipples used as slocks. 13.54 Williams's pippin. 1355 Windham's seedling y- cb. 2 K 3 11, 12 1397 Knglish Paradise. Most dwarf of 135fi wine . . - y- ob. 2 C 12 1398 French Paradise. any. 1357 wine, red. 1399 Doucin (of the 1358 wine, white. French). 1359 wine, sops of r. ro. 2 C 10,2 Reddish in- |I400 wild crab. side. 1 ; 4N 642 POMACEiE. X. Pykus. Propagation and culture. — The apple, like most other hardy trees, may be propagated by seeds, cuttings, suckers, layers, and by engrafting and budding ; by seeds to obtain new varieties, and stocks, and by other modes for continuing such as are in esteem. By seeds. — The first business here is the choice of seeds, which should be taken from fruits having the properties it is desired to perpetuate or improve in the greatest degree. The sorts of apples proper for crossing or reciprocal impregnation, appear to be those which have a great many qualities in common, and some different qualities. Thus the golden-pippin has been crossed by other pippins or rennets, and not by calvils or eod- lings. A small-sized apple, crossed by a large sort, will be more certain of producing a new variety than the above mode ; but will be almost equally certain of producing a variety desti- tute of valuable qualities ; the qualities of parents of so opposite natures being as it were crudely jumbled together in the off- spring. Mr. Knight's mode of cutting out the stamens of the blossoms to be impregnated, and afterwards when the stigmas are mature, introducing the pollen of that intended for the male parent, is unquestionably the most scientific mode of performing the operation. In this way he produced those excellent apples, the Downton, red and yellow Ingcstrie, and Grange jjippins from the same parents ; viz. the seed of the orange-pippin impregnated by the pollen of the golden-pippin. The Bringwood-pippin he produced from the golden-pippin, dusted with the pollen of the golden-harvey apple. The seeds may be sown in autimin in light earth, covered an inch, and either in pots or beds. The end of the first year they should be transplanted into nursery rows, from six inches to a foot apart every way. Afterwards they should be removed to where they are to produce fruit, and for this purpose the greater the distance between the plants the better. It should not be less than 6 or 8 feet every way. The quickest way of bringing them into a bearing state, Williams, of Pitmaston, considers, (Hort. trans. 1. p. 333.) is to let the plants be furnished with lateral shoots from the ground upwards; so disposed as that the loaves of the upper shoots may not shade those situated underneath, pruning away only trifling shoots. This mode of treatment occurred to him on reflecting on Mr. Knight's theory of the circidation of the sap. Observing the change in the appearance of the leaves of his seedling plants, as the trees advanced in growth, he thought it might be possible to hasten the progress of the plants, and procure that peculiar organization of the leaf necessary to the formation of blossom- buds at a much earlier age. He, in consequence, adopted the mode above described, and succeeded in procuring fruit from seedling apples at four, five, and six years of age, instead of waiting eight, ten, and even fifteen years, which must be the case by the usual mode of planting close, and pruning to naked stems. Macdonald, an eminent Scotch horticulturist, has also succeeded in obtaining fruit from seedlings at an early period by grafting, already stated as one of the uses of that mode of propagation. In 1808, he selected some blossoms of the non- pareil, which he impregnated with the pollen of the golden-pip- pin and of the Newton-pi ppin. When the ap])les were fidly ripe, he selected some of the best, from which he took the seeds and sowed them in pots, which he placed in a frame. He had eight or nine seedlings, which he transplanted into the open ground in the spring of 1809. In 1811, he picked out a few of the strongest plants and put them singly into pots. In spring, 1812, he observed one of the plants showing fruit-buds. He took a few of the twigs and grafted them on a healthy stock on a wall, and in 1813 he had a few apples. This year (181 G) his seedlings yielded several dozens, and also his grafts ; and he mentions that the apples from the grafts are the largest. He is of opinion that in giving names to seedlings raised in Scotland the word Scotch should be mentioned. Ringing has also been recommended by various authors as inducing precocity, and par- ticularly by Hempel, (Hort. trans. I. appendix,) who says he has proved it experimentally. A very common practice among those who raise fruit trees from seed is, in the second or third season to select such plants only as have broad and roundish leaves, throwing away the rest, experience having taught that the former more frequently produce fruit of improved quality, or at least larger, than those plants which have narrow-pointed leaves. The width and thickness of the leaf, Mr. Knight observes, " generally indicate the size of the future apple, but will by no means convey any correct idea of the merits of the future fruit. Where these have the character of higli cultivation, the qualities of the fruit will be far removed from those of the native species, but the apple may be insipid or highly flavoured, green, or deeply coloured, and of course well or ill calculated to answer the purposes of the planter. An early blossom in tlie spring, and an early change of colour in the autumnal leaf, would natu- rally be supposed to indicate a fruit of early maturity ; but I have never been able to discover any criterion of this kind on which the smallest dependence can be placed. The leaves of some varieties will become yellow and fall off, leaving the fruit green and immature ; and the leaves in other kinds will retain their verdure long after the fruit has perished. The plants whose buds in the annual wood are full and prominent, are usually more productive than those whose buds are small and shrunk in the bark; but their future produce will depend much on the power the blossoms possess of bearing the cold, and this power varies in the different varieties, and can only be known from experience. Those which produce their leaves and blos- soms rather early in the spring are generally to be preferred, for though they are more exposed to injury from frost, they less frequently suffer from the attacks of insects, the more common cause of failure. The disposition to vegetate early or late in the spring, is, like almost every other quality in the apple tree, trans- ferred in different degrees to its offspring ; and the planter must therefore seek those qualities in the parent tree which he wishes to find in the future seedling plants. The most effective method I have been able to discover of obtaining such fruits as vegetate very early in the spring has been by introducing the pollen of the Siberian erah into the blossom of a rich and early apple, and by transferring in the same manner tlie pollen of the apple to the Siberian crab. The leaf and habit of many of the plants that I have thus obtained possess much of the character of the apple, whilst they vegetate as early in the spring as the Siberian crab, and I possess at least two plants of this family." Abercrombie observes, " as the codling is a sort found to change very little from seed, or not for the worse, new plants of it are sometimes raised by sowing the kernels, not by way of experiment for a new uncertain variety, but with some dependence in having a good sort resembling the parent." By cuttings. — Every variety oCapplemay be grown from cut- tings, though some with much greater facility than others. All those of the Burknott and codling tribes grow as well this way as by any other, and some allege that the trees so raised are not liable to canker (Hort. trans. 1. p. 120.), which is su])posed to be owing to their putting out no tap root, but spreading their numerous fibres from the knots or burrs horizontally. Even the golden-pippin may be continued in this way, and the trees have remained seven years in perfect health, when grafts taken not only from the trees, but from the very branch, part of which was divided into cuttings, cankered in two or three years. " All apple trees raised in this way," Bigg observes, " from healthy one-year old branches, with blossom-buds upon them, will con- tinue to go on bearing the finest fruit in a small compass for many years. Such trees are peculiarly proper for forcing, and not liable to canker" (Hort. trans. 1. p. 65.). The cuttings are POMACE.^. X. Pyrus. 643 to be cliosen from young wood of horizontal or oblique brandies, rather than from uprij^lit ones; from six to eiglit inches or more in length, with a small portion of old wood at the lower end. Cut off the tip of the shoot, and all the buds, excepting two or three next the tip or upper extremity ; then smf)oth the sections at the lower end, and insert tliree or four inches in sandy loam, pressing the earth firmly to them, watering and covering them with a hand-glass. The proper time for this o])eration is early in February, and the ghiss should not be touched, except- ing to give water, till the shoots have sprung an incli or two. Shade during the mid-day sun, and begin to harden by giving air in July ; finally, remove the glass in August, and in October transj)lant to nursery rows, or in pots according to future inten- tion. With the liurhnoU all that is necessary is to plant the cuttings in a shady border, and treat them like those of the gooseberry or currant. By Itnjcrs. — The success of this mode of propagation may be considered as certain ; but it has nothing peculiar in its applica- tion to the apple. The after treatment of the plants is the same with that for those originated by the following or fore- going modes. By suckers. — This mode is generally confined to the Paradise and creeping apple for stocks. By grafting and inoculation. — This may be said to be the universal practice in propagating the apple. The first consi- deration is the choice of stocks; of these there are five sorts in common use ; — seedling apples, used for full standards and riders or wall standards ; seedling crabs, for standards and half standards ; codling apples, from layers or cuttings for dwarfs and espaliers ; Paradise apples, from layers or cuttings for low dwarfs and trained trees ; creeper apples, from layers or cuttings for the best dwarfs or bushes. Stocks of seedling apples. — The seeds should be selected from the fruit of vigorous growing young or middle-aged healthy trees ; but when wanted in larger quantities they are procured from cider makers ; private propagators will adopt the first mode. The sowing and after treatment is the same as for seed- ling crabs. Seedling crabs. — " A preference," Mr. Knight observes, " has generally and justly been given to apple stocks raised from seed of the native kind or crab, as being more hardy and durable than those produced from the apple. The ofl'spring of some varieties of the crab, particularly of those introduced from Siberia, vege- tate much earlier in the spring than otiier trees of the same genus ; and hence the inexperienced planter will probably be led to suppose that such stocks would accelerate the vegetation of other varieties in the spring, and tend to produce an early ma- turity of the fruit in autumn. In this, however, he will be dis- appointed. The office of the stock is, in every sense of the word, subservient, and it acts only in obedience to the impulse it receives from the branches ; the only qualities, therefore, which are wanting to form a perfect stock are vigour and hardi- ness." Seed sowing and culture. — In collecting the seeds to sow, it must be remembered that the habits, as well as the diseases, of plants are often hereditary, and attention should be paid to the state of the tree from which seeds are taken ; it should be large and of free growth, and rather in a growing state than one of maturity or decay. The crab trees, which stand in cultivated grounds, generally grow more freely, and attain a larger stature than those in hedges or woods, and therefore appear to claim preference. The seed should be taken from the fruit before it is ground for vinegar, and sown in beds of good mould an inch deep. From these the plants should be removed in the follow- ing autumn to the nursery, and planted in rows at tliree feet distance from each other, and 18 inches between each plant. Being here properly protected from cattle and hares, they niay remain till they become large enough to be planted out, the ground being regularly worked and kept free from weeds. Rev. J. Venables (Ilort. soc. trans, vol. 1. ser. 2. ]>. :i9.) has never found a satisfactory reason why the ])ips of the best apples should ])roduce most frequently trees little better than the crab, while other ))roducts of our gardens are not deteriorated from the parent stock. It would seem that much of the peculiar flavour of fruit de])ends upon the leaf, and whatever determines the first organi- zation of this member of the tree, must have considerable in- fiuence on its produce. In the growth of those seeds furnished with albumen, the albumen is converted into a substance resem- bling sugar, and this saccharine material aflbrds the first nourisli- ment to the growing plant, and supports it till the radicles spread and are enabled to draw a supply of aliment from the earth; but as the apple pip is destitute of albumen, we may easily discover the source from which this deficiency is to be supplied. It was evidently intended that the apple itself decaying on the ground, and enriching the soil around the pips with its saccharine juices, should supply the young tree with its earliest nutriment. When, therefore, we separate the pips from the ap))le for the purpose of sowing, we deprive the seedling of a material part of its ap- propriate nourishment, anil consequently raise a tree in no way resembling the qualities of its parent. Wc have no account of the manner in which the best o^jp/ti and /tears were raised in the 15th and 17th centuries, and ])ossibly the best fruits of those days may have been a selection from numbers raised of an in- ferior quality. It is probable that we owe some of our best fruits more to the undisturbed production of nature than to the operations of art. An apple has fallen from some tree, and lain unobserved, the fruit has decayed on the spot, and enriched the ground ; and, from the soil thus peculiarly prepared by nature, has sprung up a tree, whose produce has proved of peculiar excel- lence and flavour. According to the above theory, apples slioiddbe sown instead of pips, or pips of one sort introduced into the fruit of another, and then sown, or the ground manured with rotten apples. The seedling from this mode of sowing will be more likely to produce fruit of superior flavour than by sowing the pips alone. Codling stocks are raised chiefly from layers, which at the end of the season are taken ofl' and planted in nursery rows, 2 feet between the rows, and 1 foot from plant to plant. Paradise stocks, or as they are called by the French, Doucin stocks, are raised from either layers or suckers ; and stocks raised from creeping apples, so named from their aptitude to throw out suckers, or the Dutch Paradise, chiefly from the latter mode. They may be planted in nursery rows, somewhat closer than the codling stocks. All stocks require to stand in the nursery till they are from half an inch to an inch thick at the height at which they are to be grafted ; such as are intended for full standards or riders will, in general, recpiire to grow three or four years before they are fit for this operation ; those for half standards two years, and those for dwarfs one year. The ground between them must be kept clear of weeds, and stirred every winter ; the side shoots of the plants, at least to the height at which they are intended to be grafted, rubbed ofl' as they appear, and all suckers care- fully removed. Where budding is adopted, the stocks may be worked at nearly half the diameter of stem requisite for graft- ing ; and stocks "for dwarf's, planted in autumn or spring, may be'^inoculated the succeeding summer. No great advantage, how- ever, is gained by this practice, as such plants require to stand at least another year before they have produced their bud- shoots. Soil and situation of the nursery. — " A difference of opinion ap- pears to have always prevailed respecting the quality of the soil pro- 4 n2 644 POMACES. X. Pyrus. per for a nursery. Some have preferred a very poor, and others a very rich soil ; and both perhaps are ahnost equally wrong. The advocates for the poor soil appear to me to have been mis- led by transferring the feelings of animals to plants, and infer- ring that a change from want to abundance must be agreeable and beneficial to both. But plants in a very poor soil become stunted and unhealthy, and do not readily acquire habits of vigorous growth when removed from it. In a soil which has been highly manured the growth of young afple trees is ex- tremely rapid, and their appearance, during 2 or 3 years, gene- rally indicates the utmost exuberance of health and vigour. These are, however, usually the forerunners of disease, and tlie ' canker's desolating tooth' blasts the hopes of the planter. In choosing the situation for a nursery, too much shelter or expo- sure should be equally avoided, and a soil nearly similar to tliat in which the trees are afterwards to grow should be selected where it can be obtained. Pasture ground or immanured mea- dow should be preferred to old tillage, and a loam of moderate strength, and of considerable depth, to all other soils." (Treat, on Appl. and Pear.) Grafting. — The first business is to select the scions. At whatever season scions are to be inserted, Mr. Knight observes, " the branches which are to form them should be taken from the parent stock during the winter, and not later than the end of the preceding year ; for if the buds have begun to vegetate in the smallest degree, and they begin with the increasing influence of the sun, the vigour of the shoots, during the first season, will be diminished, and the grafts will not succeed with equal cer- tainty ; though a graft of the apiile tree very rarely fails, unless by accidental injury or great want of skill in the operator. The amputated brandies must be kept alive till wanted, by having the end of each planted in the ground a few inches deep in a shady situation." Stocks destinecl to form standard trees may either be grafted at the usual height at which the lateral branches are allowed to diverge, which is commonly six feet, or they may be grafted near the ground, and a single shoot trained from the grafts, so as to form the stem of the tree. The pro- priety of grafting near the ground or at the height of six or seven feet, will depend on the kind of fruit to be propagated, whether it be quite new, and just beginning to bear, or a middle-aged variety. In new and luxuriant varieties, and these only should be propagated, it will be advantageous to graft when the stocks are three years old, as the growth of such will be more rapid, smooth, and upright than that of the crab, and there will be no danger of their being injured by beginning to bear too early. " Middle-aged varieties will be most successftdly propagated by planting stocks of six or seven feet high, and letting them re- main ungrafted till they become firmly rooted in the places in which the trees are to stand. One graft only should be inserted in each stock ; for when more are used they are apt to divide when loaded with fruit, and to cleave the stock, having no natural bond or connexion with each otiier. When the stocks are too large for a single scion, I would recommend that the grafts be inserted in the branches, and not in the principal stem." This practice is not uncommon in various parts of England, and in general use in Germany with free stocks, where, however, they often neglect to graft the trees, and thus, as Mr. Neill observes, produce an endless variety of sorts, some good, but most of them little better than crabs. Stocks intended to form half stand- ards are grafted at three or four feet from the ground, and those for dwarfs at eight or ten inches or lower. Miller and Kniglit agree in recommending to graft near the ground, where lasting and vigorous trees are wanted ; but tlie practice of the continental gardeners, and the opinions of some in this country, are in favour of leaving a stem below the graft of not less than a foot in length. A kind of grafting generally adopted for mo- derate sized stocks is the whip or tongue method, or the new mode of saddle-grafting adopted by Mr. Knight ; and the gene- ral time for the apple is in the end of February and the greater part of March. Much depends on the season and situation ; the guiding principle is to make choice of the time when the sap of the stock is in full motion, while that of the scions, from having been previously cut off and placed in the shade, is less so. The coinmon season for budding the apjile is July, and there is nothing peculiar to this tree in performing that opera- tion. Transplanting grafted trees in the nursery. — " It has been recommended," Knight observes, " to remove grafted trees once or twice during the time they remain in the nursery, under the idea of increasing the number of their roots, but I think this practice only eligible with trees which do not readily grow when transplanted. I have always found the growth of young ajiple trees to be much retarded, and a premature disposition to blos- som to be brought on by it ; and I could not afterwards observe those trees which had been twice removed grow better than others. It has also been supposed that many small roots, pro- ceeding immediately from the trunk, are in the future growth of the tree to be preferred to a few which are large ; but as the large roots of necessity branch into small, which consequently extend to a greater distance, the advantages of more transplan- tations than from the seed-bed to the nursery, and thence to the garden or orchard, may reasonably be questioned." T/ie choice of sorts depends upon the object in view. The first thing an inexperienced gardener has to do is to consider the various uses of the apple, and then determine what is wanted, according to family, market, or other purpose to be supplied ; the next thing is to consider how those wants are to be supplied in his given soil, situation, and circumstances ; and the last thing is to study the catalogue of sorts, and to select accordingly. Another source of choice is, as may respect the soil, situation, and climate of the garden or orchard, in which they are to be planted, or the character, whether of dwarfs, espaliers, or wall-trees, which they are to assume there. The winter and spring table apples may require a south wall in one district, while in another they may attain equal maturity as standards or espaliers. Where there is ample room a selection of large sorts, as the Alexander a.x\A Bal- timore apples, or of such as are the most beautifully coloured, as the violet, carnation, &c. may be made to gratify the eye ; or where room is wanting, useful sorts and great bearers are to be preferred, as the golden and ribston pippin, summer pearmain, codlins, grey russet, summer and winter Cahilles, S:c. In general small sized fruit, as the Harreys and Granges, are to be pre- ferred for standards, as less likely to break down the branches of the trees, or be shaken down by winds, middling sorts for walls and dwarfs, and the largest of all for espaliers. In respect to a soil liable to produce canker, sorts raised from cuttings may be desirable, as the Burknctt and codling tribe ; and where an occupier of a garden has only a short interest therein, such as come into immediate bearing, as the Burknotts and others from cuttings, and the Hawthorndean, Apius's app>le, and other short- lived dwarf sorts on Paradise or creeping stocks, may deserve the preference. On the contrary, where a plantation is made on freehold property, or with a view to posterity, new varieties on crab or free stocks should always be chosen, as the Grange, Ingestrie, Harvey, Sec. Some excellent sorts will grow and produce crops every where, as the H anthorndean, codling, and Ribston pippin ; the latter of which, Nicol says, will grow at John O'Groat's house, and may be planted in Cornwall ; others are shy bearers in cold situations, as the Nemtonn pippin of America, &c. Choice of plants for planting. — This depends in some degree on the object in view, the richness of the soil, and the shelter. POMACE/E. X. Pyris. G15 Young trees are more likely to succeed in exposed sites and ])oor soils, but the apjylc will bear transijlantinjT at a greater age than any other fruit tree. It may be planted in open weather from November till February. Soil and site for permanent planting. — Any common soil, neither extremely sandy, gravelly, nor clayey, on a dry subsoil, and with a free exposure, will suit the apple. On wet hilly sub- soils it will do no good, but after being planted a few years will become cankered, and get covered with moss. When fruit trees must be planted on such soils they should first be rendered as dry as possible by under-draining ; next provision must be made for carrying oft' the rain water by surface gutters ; and, lastly, the ground should not be trenched above a foot deep, and the trees planted rather in hillocks of earth al)ove the surface than in pits dug into it. Tlierc is no point of more importance than shallow trenching and shallow planting in cold wet soils, in which deep pits and deep pulverization only serve to aggravate their natural evils of moisture and cold. See Sang, in cal. hort. mem. 4. p. 110. " The apple tree," Mr. Knight observes, " attains its largest stature in a deep strong loam or marly clay ; but it will thrive in all rich soils, which are neither very sandy nor wot at bottom. It succeeds best," he adds, " in situations which are neitlier high nor remarkably low. In tlie former its blossoms are frequently injured by cold winds, and in the latter by spring frosts, particularly when the trees are planted in the lowest part of a confined valley. A south or south-east aspect is generally preferred on account of the turbulence of the west, and the coldness of north winds ; but orchards succeed well in all aspects, and where the violence of the west wind is broken by an intervening rise of ground, south-west aspect will be found equal to any." " All the sorts of apple trees," Abercrombie observes, " may be planted in any good common soil, with a free exposure, whether that of a garden, orchard, or field, so that the ground be neither very low, nor excessively wet, nor subject to inundation in winter. Avoid as far as possible very strong clayey and gravelly soils." Mode of bearing. — " In all the varieties of the common apple the mode of bearing is upon small, terminal, and lateral spurs, or short robust shoots, from half an inch to two inches long, which spring from the younger branches of two or more years' growth, appearing first at the extremity, and extending gra- dually down the side, the same bearing branches and fruit spurs continue many years fruitful." Abercrombie. Pruning. — " As, from the mode of bearing, apple trees do not admit of shortening in the general bearers, it should only be practised occasionally; first, where any extend out of limits, or grow irregular or deformed ; and secondly, a good shoot con- tiguous to a vacant space is shortened to a few eyes, to obtain an additional supply of young wood from the lower buds of this shoot for filling up the vacancy. But to shorten without such a motive is not merely cutting away of the first and principal bear- ing part of the branches, but also occasions their putting forth many strong useless wood-shoots, where fruit-spurs would other- wise arise ; and both eftt'Cts greatly tend to retard the trees in bearing, whereas the fertile branches being cultivated to their natural length, shoot moderately, and have fruit-spurs quite to the extremity." Abercrombie. Espaliers and rvall-trecs require a summer and winter prun- ing. The summer pruning. — " Train in the young shoots of the same year which are likely to be wanted in the figure, and re- trench tliem where ill placed or too numerous ; for as the trees continue bearing many years on the same branches, they only require occasional supplies of young wood ; therefore begin in Mav or June to jiinch off' or cut out all foreright, ill placed, and superfluous shoots, retaining only some of the promising laterals in the more vacant parts, with a leader to each branch ; train in those betwoon the mother-branches at their full length all sum- mer, or where any v.acancy occurs some strong contiguous shoot mav be shortened, in June, to a few eyes to furnish several laterals the same season. Keep the shoots in all parts closely trained, both to preserve the regularity of the espalier, and to admit the air and sim to the advancing fruit." " The ninler pruning may be performed from November till the beginning of April, 'i'his comprehends the regulation of the wood branches, the bearers, and the young shoots. First ex- amine the new shoots trained in the preceding sinnmer, and, if too abundant, retain only a competency of wcll-pl.iced and promising laterals, to furnish vacant parts with a leading shoot to each parent branch. Continue these mostly at their full length, as far as there is room. Cut out close the superabun- dant and irregular young shoots, and where any of the elder branches appear unfruitful, cankery, or decayed, cut them either clean out, or prune short to some good lateral, as may seem expedient. Also prune into order any branches which are very irregidar or too extended. Carefully preserve all the eligible natural fruit spurs, but remove all unfruitful stumps or snags, and large projecting rugged branches. As each espalier is pruned, let the old and new branches be laid in at convenient distances according to the size of the fruit, 4, 5, or 6 inches asunder, and neatly tied or nailed to the wall or trellis." — Abercrombie. Heading damn apple-trees that are much cankered, is strongly recommended by Forsyth, who gives an example of one after it had been headed down four years, which bore plenty of fine fruit. The point at which it was beaded down was within IS inches of the soil, and under it on the stump were two lar^c wounds, made by cutting out a cankery part, and which, being covered with the composition, were soon nearly filled up with sound wood. Very little pruning is at first given to trees so cut, but afterwards a regular succession of bearing wood is kept up by removing such as have borne three or four years. Thus, one branch which has done bearing is cut off, and succeeded by another, and when that is tired also, it is cut oft' and replaced by a third, and so on. Grafting old apple-trees of indiff'erent sorts with superior varieties, is an obvious and long tried improvement. In this case, if the tree is a standard, it is only headed down to standard height ; in old subjects, most commonly the branches only are cut over within a foot or two of the trunk, and then grafted in the crown or cleft manner. On fertilising the blossoms of pear and apple-trees. — .\m almost general unproductiveness, as to the fruit of the superior varieties of pear and apple-trees, has long been a subject ol complaint with horticulturists, both in south and north Britain. The Rev. George Swayne (Hort. trans. 5. p. 208.) has a tree of the Gansell'.s bergamot pear, which had for a long time baffled all his attempts to alter its unfertile habits. The tree had all the appearance of health and sufficient luxuriance, and produced a profusion of blossoms at the proper season, but has never borne more than three or four pears in any one year. Before the blossoms expanded, he cut oft' all the flowers in each co- rymb, except the lower three, in this tree, and another tree of the bronm beurre. He divested these trees of at least three- fourths of all their flower-buds. On the beurre this operation subsequently appeared to have the best eft'ecl, for there was scarce- ly an instance in which the remaining lilossoms did not set, which afterwards produced a fine crop of pears. But on the Gansctl. although the blossoms at first seemed to set, and many of them did not fall till Midsuunncr, yet not a single pear arrived at ma- turity. By dissecting many of the largest which fell off" last, it was plain that the kernels had not been impregnated, indicating 64:6 POMACES. X. Pyrus. some imperfections in the essential parts of the blossom. In the following spring, he impregnated the stigmas of many of the flowers with the pollen of tlie hciirri pear, and most of them came to perfection and produced large well-formed fruit. The cross impregnation had not produced any change in the appear- ance of the fruit, nor was any difference in flavour discovered. Before he impregnated the blossoms, he cut off all the buds in the corymb, except the three lowest ones, as in the former year. Whether the result of the above-detailed experiments be such as to autliorise an expectation that artificial assistance in vegetable fecundation will hereafter become of so much importance to gardeners in the instances just alluded to, as in tliose at present recognised of the cucumber, the melon, tlie hautbois strawberry, &c. must be left to others to ascertain. Injuries, insects, diseases, ^'c. — The misletoe (flscum album) is frequently, through negligence, suffered to injure trees in orchards, and different species of mosses and lichens those of gardens. " Moss," Mr. Knight observes, " appears to consti- tute a symptomatic rather than a primary disease in fruit trees ; it is often brought on by a damp or uncultivated soil, by the age of the variety of fruit, and by the want of air and light, in closely planted, unpruned orchards. In these cases it can only be destroyed by removing the cause to which it owes its existence." Blighls. — Whatever deranges and destroys the organization of the blossoms, and prevents the setting of the fruit, is in general termed a blight, whether produced by insects, parasitical plants, or an excess of heat or cold, drought or moisture. One of the most injurious insects with which the apple tree has been visited is the Aphis lanigera of Lin., the Eriosoma mali of Leach, woolly aphis, apple-bug, or American blight. " The eriosomata," Leach observes, " form what are called improperly galls on the stalks of trees, near their joints and knobs, which are in fact excrescences, caused by the efforts of nature to repair the damage done to the old trees by the perforation of those insects, whose bodies are covered with wliite down." Sam. entym — There is no way of getting rid of these insects, but cleaning them off" with a brush and water, together with ampu- tation when it has been some time at work ; but even this will not do unless resorted to at an early stage of its progress. The caterpillars of many species of butterfly and moth, and the larvae of various other genera of the hemiptera and lepidoptera, &c. as Scarabanis, Curculia, &-c., attack the api^le tree in common with other fruit-trees ; and on a large scale it is difficult, if not impracticable, to avoid their injurious effects. Burning straw or other materials under the trees has been long recommended ; but the principal thing to be relied on is regimen ; that is, judi- cious subsoil and surface soil, culture and pruning. Ripening the fruit. — Berard, in an essay on the ripening of fruits, which gained the prize of the French Academy of Sciences in 1821, found that the loss of carbon is essential to the ripeninn- of fruit; that this carbon combines with the oxygen of the air, and forms carbonic acid, and that when the fruit is placed in an atmosphere deprived of oxygen, this function becomes sus- pended, and the ripening is stopped. Hence it results, that most fruits may be preserved during a certain period, by gather- ing them a few days before they are ripe, and placing them in an atmos])here free from oxygen. The most simple process for effecting this consists in placing at the bottom of a bottle, a paste formed of lime, sulphate of iron, and water ; then introduce the fruit, so as they may rest detached from the bottom of the bottle and from each other, and cork the bottle and cover it with cement. Peaches, plums, and apricots have been kept in this way for a month, and apples for three months. (Journ. R. Jnot. xi. p. 396.) Duduit of Mazeres, has found that one-third of boiled apple-pulp, baked with two-thirds of flour, having been properly fermented with yeast for twelve hours, makes a very excellent bread, full of eyes, and extremely palatable and liglit.— A^e«) Month/// Mag. June, 1821. Storing the fruit. — The fruit-room ought to be well ventilated, and for this purpose it ought to have a fire-place. The fruit- room was formerly a mere loft, where fruit was kept on the floor in common with onions, with no proper means of separa- tion. Now, however, they are regularly fitted up either with shelves, on which to place sieves of different sorts of fruit, or with close shelves, for jars or boxes, &c., according to the various modes adopted for preserving them. The room may be of any form, but one long and narrow is generally best adapted for ventilation, and heating or drying when necessary by a flue. The system of shelves may be placed along one side, and may be raised to the height of six feet or more, according to the number wanted. These shelves are formed of open work, on which to place the sieves of fruit, each of which should be num- bered, in order to know the kind of fruit contained in each, Apple-tree. Fl. April. Britain. Tree 3 to 30 feet. 21 P. Dioi'cA (Willd. arb. 263. spec. 5. p. 1018.) leaves oval, serrated, clothed with tomentum beneath as well as on the ca- lyxes ; flowers usually solitary, dioecious from abortion ; petals linear, length of calyx ; styles glabrous. ^ . H. Native ' country unknown, but cultivated in gardens, and perhaps has originated from the Pyrus Malus. P. apetala, Munch, hausv. 5. p. 247. Malus dioica, Audib. cat. Dioecious Apple-tree, Fl. April, May. Clt. 1818. Tree 10 to 20 feet. 22 P. Astraca'nica (D. C. prod. 2. p. 635.) leaves oval- oblong, acute, somewhat doubly serrated, pale beneath and villous on the nerves, glabrous above, with the rachis puberulous. fj . H. Native about Astracan. Malus Astracanica, Dum, Cours. ed. 2. vol. 5. p, 426. Perhaps only a variety of P. Malus. Astracan Apple-tree. Fl, April, May. Clt. 1810, Tree IS to 20 feet, 23 P. specta'bilis (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 175.) leaves oval- oblong, serrated, glabrous as well as the calycine tube ; umbels sessile, many-flowered ; petals ovate, unguiculate ; styles woolly at the base. Tj . H. Native of China. Curt. hot. mag. 267. Malus spectdbilis, Desf. arbr. 2. p. 141. Malus Sinensis, Dum. Cours. ed. 2. vol. 5. p. 429, When it blossoms in perfection no tree can be more showy than the Chinese apple tree. The flowers are large, of a pale red, when open semidouble, and the buds are of a deeper hue. /S'/iOH'i/ or Chinese Apple-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1780. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 24 P. PRUNiFOLiA (Willd. spec, 2, p. 1018.) leaves ovate, acuminated, serrated, quite glabrous as well as the calyx ; pe- duncles pubescent ; styles woolly at the base. \ . H. Native of Siberia? Pyrus Malus /j. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 175. Malus hybrida, Desf. arb. 2. p. 141. ? Mill. fig. t. 269. The leaves resemble those of the cherry tree ; they are on long petioles. The flowers are white, much like those of the pear tree. The fruit is globose, when ripe yellowish coloured, but red on the side exposed to the sun, of an austere taste, decaying like the fruit of the medlar, and then more palatable. P/M?;i-/car«/ or Siberian Crab. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1758, Tree 20 to 30 feet. 25 P. bacca'ta (Lin. mant. 75.) leaves ovate, acute, equally serrated, glabrous, length of petioles ; peduncles crowded; lobes of calyx deciduous. I^ . H. Native of Siberia and Dahuria. Wats. dend. t. 51. Pall. fl. ross. t. 10, Malus baccata, Desf. arb. 2. p. 141. — Amm. ruth. t. 31. Flowers white. Fruit roundish, yellow tinged with red, about the size of a cherry ; the pulp is red, and is used for making quasar punch in Si- beria. POMACEyE. X. Pvrus. 647 Berried or Small-fruited Crab-troc. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1 784. Tree 15 to 20 feet. 26 P. QuiNQUiFLOKA (Hamilt. ex Lin. soc. herb.) leaves ellip- tic, acute, downy on the nerves and ])etioles ; pedicels elongated, sessile, 5-t)-togetlier, axillary; calycine segments subulate. Ij . H. Native of Chitlong. Flowers white ! Five-Jlowercd Crab-tree. Tree. 27 P. Sieve'usii (Led. fl. alt. 'i. p. 2','2.) leaves ovate, rather tomentose ; flowers umbellate. 1^. H. Native of Siberia, at the river Uldschar, in the Kirghisean Steppe. P. nova species, Sievers, in Pall. nord. beytr. 7. )). 292. A bush with many stems rising from the same root. Fruit very acid. Sicvcrs's Crab-tree. Fl. April, May. Tree 8 to 12 feet. 28 P. coron.Vria (Lin. spec. G87.) leaves broad-ovate, rounded at the base, serrated, and rather angular, smooth ; peduncles corymbose, glabrous. H . FL Native of North America, from Pennsylvania to Carolina. Sims, bot. mag. 2009. Wats, dendr. brit. icon. Mains coronaria. Mill. Flowers red, and with a very fragrant odour. The fruit is small, sour, and unfit for any thing but to make vinegar of. (?nr/rtH(/ or Sweet-scented Crab-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1724. Tree 20 feet. 29 P. ANGusTiFOLiA (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 276.) leaves ob- long-lanceolate, dentately- serrated, tapering to the base, shin- ing; peduncles corvmbose. ^. H. Native of Carolina, in woods. Wats. dend. brit. 132. Lindl. bot. reg. 1207. P. coronaria, Wang. amer. 61. t. 21. f. 47. Malus sempervirens, Desf arbr. 2. p. 141. F'lowers reddish. Narrow-leaved Crah-tree. Fl. My. Clt. 1750. Tr. 10 to 20 ft. Sect. IIL A'ria (^Arla is a name given by Theophrastus to a tree, probably from the name of a place, as many places bear that name). D. C. prod. 2. p. 635. Petals spreading, flat. Styles usually 2 or 3. Pome globose. Flowers disposed in racemose corymbs ; peduncles branched. Leaves simple, glandless, clothed with white tonientuni beneath. 30 P. A'ria (Ehrh. beitr. 4. p. 20.) leaves elliptic, cut, ser- rated, clothed with adpressed white tomentum beneath ; corymbs flat ; styles about 2. Ij . FL Native of Europe and Siberia, in groves ; in Britain, in mountains on a chalky soil, and in the fissures of limestone rocks. Smith, cngl. bot. 1858. Cratae'gus, A'ria, Lin. spec. 681. Fl. dan. t. 302. Mespilus A'ria, Scop. Sorbus A'ria, Crantz. austr. 1. p. 2. f. 2. — Bauh. hist. 1. p. 65. Young branches very white and downy. Leaves doubly serrated, sometimes with several marginal lobes. Flowers white, in corymbose compound tufts. Fruit globular, scarlet, dotted, mealy, acid, and astringent. Far. a, ob'.usifdlia (D. C. prod. 2. p. 636.) leaves flat, oval, obtuse, simply serrated, glabrous above in the adult state, tj . H. F'l. dan. t. 302. P. A'ria ovalis, Hortul. far. /3, acutifolia (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oval, stiff", acute at both ends, concave, doubly serrated, grey, cobwebbed above. Ij . H. Cratae'gus longifolia, Duham. ed. nov. 4. t. 34. P. alpina, Willd. enum. 527. 1'ar. y, umhdala (Lindl. hort. trans. 7. p. 234.) leaves flat, oval-lanceolate, broad, undulated, unequally and deeply serrated, acuminated, cobwebbed above. I'ar. c, angustif ulia (hmAX. 1. c.) leaves oval, obtuse, concave, somewhat simply serrated, woolly above. Var. c, rugosa (Lindl. 1. c.) leaves large, ovate-elliptic, doubly serrated, shining above and wrinkled, white beneath. Var. a, Cretica (Lindl. 1. c.) leaves flat, orbicularly elliptic, crenate-serrated, retuse, cuneated at the base, smooth above and hoary beneath ; branches cobwebbed. P. A'ria rotundifolia, Hor- tul. P. Grae'ca, Hortul. Far. /;, huUala (Lindl. 1. c.) leaves concave, elliptic, acu- minated, blistered, coarsely serrated at the apex, entire at tin- base. P. A'ria acuminata, Hortul. Aria or ComiDon White Beam-tree or White Wild Pear. Fl. May. Brit. Tree SO to 30 feet. 31 P. EDu'i.is (Willd. enum. p. 527.) leaves oblong, cuneated at the base, unequally and doubly serrated, tomentose beneath ; flowers corymbose. ^. H. Native of France. Wats. dend. brit. t. 52. Crattu'gus edulis, Hort. P. intermedia, var. an- gustifolia, D. C. prod. 2. p. 636. — Flowers white. Fruit red, saj)id, and edible. ii(/(Wt-fruited White Beam-tree. Fl. May. Clt.? Tree 20 to 30 feet. 32 P. interme'dia (Ehrh. beitr. 4. p. 20.) leaves ovate, deeply lobed and toothed, clothed with white adpressed tomen- tum beneath ; corymbs flat. \i . H. Native of Europe, espe- cially towards the north. In Britain on the walls of Castle Dinas y bran, Denbighshire. Cratae'gus A'ria /3, Lin. spec. 681. Crataj'gus Scandica, Wahl. fl. ups. 1 65. Sorbus hyhrida, Huds. 216. Wither. 461. P. hybrida, Smith, fl. brit. p. 534. Flowers white. Fruit red, edible. I'ar. a, lati/blia (D. C. prod. 2. p. 636.) leaves broad-ovate. Ij . H. Native of France. Cratie'gus latifolia, Poir. 4. p. 444. Duham. arb. 1. t. 80. Sorbus latifolia, Pers. Cratae'gus den- tata, Thuill. fl. par. Intermediate White Beam-tree. Fl. My. Wales. Tr. 20 to .'50ft. 33 P. vesti'ta (Wall. cat. 679.) leaves, cymes, and young branches clothed with white tomentum ; leaves elliptic or obo- vate-elliptic, acimiinated, serrated towards the apex ; corymbs branched, terminal. V} . H. Native of Nijjaul and Kamaon. Flowers white. Fruit red? Habit of P. ^tria. Clutlicd White Beam-tree. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 34 P. Kamaoxe'nsis (Wall. cat. no. 678.) leaves oblong, pin- natifidly lobed and serrated, acuminated, clothed with white down beneath ; corymbs, young branches, and petioles tomen- tose; fruit pear-shaped, about the size of a common medlar, red. Tj . H. Native of Kamaon and Sirmore. Flowers small, white. Kamaun White Beam-tree. Tree 20 to 30 feet. Sect. IV. Tormina'ria (from tormina, gripings ; the fruit of P. torminalis was supposed to cure gripings and dysentery by their astringency). D. C. prod. 2. p. 636. Petals spreading, flat, rather unguiculate. Styles 2-5, connected together, glabrous. Pome turbinate at the base, rather dry, truncate at the apex in consequence of the calycine lobes being deciduous. Leaves lo- bately angular, glabrous when in the adult state. Flowers co- rymbose ; peduncles branched. 35 P. tormina'lis (Ehrh. beitr. 6. p. 92.) leaves ovate, somewhat cordate, deeply lobed ; lobes serrated, acute, lower ones spreading; when young downy beneath, but in the adult state glabrous. h . H. Native of Europe, in woods and hedges. In F^ngland chiefly in the midland and soutliern coun- ties. Cratae'gus torminalis, Lin. spec. 681. Smith, engl. bot. t. 298. Fl. dan. 798. Jacq. aust. t. 443. Sorbus tormin.alis, Crantz. aust. p. 85. Flowers white, numerous, in large ter- minal downy corymbose panicles. Styles 3-4 or 5. The fruit is not much larger than that of the hanthorn, becomes agreeably acid and wholesome after the frost has touched it, and may sometimes be seen in the London fruit-shops. Ray prefers its flavour to the true service, which latter is now become obsolete. Griping or Common Wild Service-tree. Fl. Ap. .May. Brit. Tr. 30 to 40 ft. 36 P. rivula'ris (Dougl. mss. Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 203. t. 68.) leaves ovate, entire, and angularly somewhat 3-lobcd, rather acuminated, acutely serrated, pubescent beneath ; corymbs terminal, simple ; calyxes hairy, and densely tomentose inside ; styles 3-4, connected at the base. I7 . H, Native of Nootka 648 POMACES. X. Pyrus. Sound, and other parts of the north-west coast of America. Petals roundish, white. Pome small, hardly half an inch long, subglotjose, red or yellow. The wood is employed for making wedges, and is so hard as to be susceptible of a fine polish. The fruit is used as an article of food, and is called in the lan- guage of the Chenook tribe of Indians Pom-itch. Biver-side Wild Service-tree. Fl. Ap. May. Tree 15 to 20 ft. Sect. V. Erioi.obus (from apioy, erion, wool, and \oftoc, lohos, a lobe ; in reference to the woolly lobes of the calyx). D. C. prod. 2. p. 636. Petals spreading, flat, somewhat unguiculate, rather tridentate at the apex. Styles .5, elongated, ratlier con- nected, very hairy at the base. Pome globose, glabrous, crowned by the calycine lobes, which are clothed with tomentum. 37 P. TRiLOBA^TA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 636.) leaves palmate- lobed, glabrous ; middle lobe 3-lobed, lateral ones usually 2- lobed ; lobules serrated. Fj . H. Native of Mount Lebanon. Cratse'gus trilobata, Labill. dec. 4. p. 15. t. 10. Poir. suppl. 1. ]). 291. Flowers white. Three-lubed-leaved Service-tree. Fl. May, June. Cit. 1810. Tree 20 feet. Sect. VI. Sorbus (from the Celtic sormel, composed of sor, wild, and mel, an apple; wild apple). Lin. gen. no. 623. Petals .spreading, flat or concave. Styles 2-5. Pome globose or tur- binate. Leaves impari-pinnate. Flowers corymbose ; peduncles branched. 38 P. auricula'ta (D. C. prod. 2. p. 636.) leaves of 3 pairs ol leaflets, hairy beneath, the lower 2 or 4 leaflets distinct, but the idtimale ones are joined into one large, ovate, crenated leaf- let. Vj . H. Native of Egypt. Sorbus auriculata, Pers. ench. 11. p. 39. Corymb compact. Flowers white. Perhaps only a variety of Surbus pinnatifida. y^Mn'c/ed-leaved Service-tree or Mountain-ash. Fl. May. Clt. 1 800. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 39 P. pinnati'fida (Ehrh. beitr. 6. p. 93. Smith, engl. bot. 2331.) leaves deeply pinnatifid or half pinnate, clothed with hoary down beneath, as well as the petioles and peduncles ; styles about 3. Pj . H. Native of Gothland and Thuringia, in mountain woods. In the Western Isles of .Scotland on the mountains, particularly in rocky situations on Cairn na Callich, and other mountains at the north end of the Isle of Arran. P. hybrida, Smith, fl. brit. p. 534. but notof Willd. spec. 2. p. 1022. Sor- bus hybrida, Lin. spec. p. 684. Lin. fil. fasc. 11. t. 6. Fl. dan. t. 301. Crataegus A" ria 7 Fennica, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 167. Flowers cymose, cream-coloured. Pome globose, red. This species is an intermediate plant between P. aucujmria and P. A^ria. far. ji, arhuscula (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 164. under Sorbus,) dwarf; leaflets nearly glabrous, obtuse, outer ones usually confluent. h . H. Native of Germany. This is a variety either of P. jjhinalifida or P. aucuparia. P/7maliJid-\ea\ed Service-tree or Mountain-ash. Fl. May. Scotland. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 40 P. microca'rpa (D. C. prod. 2. p. 636.) leaves pinnate, glabrous, as well as the petioles ; leaflets acuminated, unequally and deeply serrated, the serratures ending in a setaceous rau- crone ; pome globose, red. h . H. Native of North America, from Carolina to New York. Sorbus aucupi\ria a, Michx. fl. ))or. amer. 2. p. 291. Sorbus micrantha, Dum. Cours. ed. 2. vol. 5. p. 464. Sorbus microcarpa, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. .'Ml. Flowers whitish. Small-fruited Mountain-ash. Fl. May, June. Tree 12 ft. 41 P. sambucifolia (Cham, in Linnaea. 2. p. 3Q.) leaves with 6 pairs of ovate, lanceolate, sharply serrated, acuminated leaflets, which are pilose on the nerves and margins, and bearded at the apex ; stipulas clothed with rufous villi. Tj . H. Native of Kamtschatka. Elder-leaved Mountain-ash. Shrub. 42 P. aucupa'ria (Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 45. t. 87.) leaves pin- nate, downy beneath when young ; leaflets uniform, serrated, glabrous ; buds and peduncles downy ; pomes globose. Ij . H. Native of Europe and Siberia, in mountains, woods, and hedges; plentiful in some parts of Britain. Sorbus aucuparia, Lin. spec. 683. Crantz. aust. 2. p. 49. t. 1. f. 4. Smith, engl. bot. t. 337. Mill. fig. t. 43. Fl. dan. 1034. Mespilus aucuparia. All. Flowers white, numerous, with a light almond-like scent ; petals concave. Fruit small, globose, scarlet, very juicy, sour, and bitter ; tiiey are eaten in some parts of Scotland and Wales, and afford an agreeable fermented liquor, and by distillation a strong spirit ; soaked in water to extract some of its bitterness, and then boiled with sugar, makes a kind of jelly, which is tolerably flavoured. Birds of the thrush kind devour them with avidity, and our mountain-ash trees planted for ornainent in most parts of England are thus unfortunately stripped early in autumn of their produce. The mountain-ash in profitable planting is chiefly valuable as a nurse tree, growing very fast when young, and enduring the most severe exposure. The timber is used by wheel-wrights, and for other common country purposes ; the bark is used by tanners, and the berries afford a dye. As an undergrowth it affords tolerable poles and hoops. It will grow in any soil, dry or wet, and as to situation, it is found on the sea shore, and near the tops of the highest mountains. It seems to thrive best on the sides of moist rocky dells and dingles. In the days of superstition the mountain-ash was considered as an ob- ject of great veneration. It is even to be found at this day growing in the neighbourhood of Druidical circles of stones in Scotland. The roddon tree was formerly in Scotland especially famous as a protection against charms and witchcraft. The tree is called in Scotland rhodon or roddon tree, roan tree, and rantry. In England mountain-ash, quicJc-bcan, witchen or rvhitten. In Germany the fowlers' bait-springs or nooses of hair, are suspended in the woods, with these berries attached to them to entice the red-wings and field-fares, whence the specific name aucujoaria. Fowlers' or Common Mountain-ash or Roan-tree. Fl. May. Britain. Tree 20 to 40 feet. 43 P. Americ.Vna (D. C. prod. 2. p. 637.) leaves pinnate; leaflets oblong, acute, almost equally serrated, at length quite glabrous ; pomes globose (purple, Pursh ; fulvous, Torrey). h . H. Native of North America, in Canada and throughout the woody country ; Newfoundland ; on the north-west coast, and in the subalpine prairies of the high mountains. Wats. dend. brit. t. 54. Flowers white. y:/mcncrtH Mountain-ash. Fl. May. Clt. 1782. Tr. 15 to 20 ft. 44 P. FOLiOLosA (Wall. cat. 677. pi. asiat. rar, 2. p. 81. t. 189.) leaves pinnate, with 7-8 pairs of elliptic-lanceolate, mu- cronate leaflets, which are serrated at the apex, pubescent be- neath ; cymes branched, terminal, pubescent. h . H. Native of Nipaul. Flowers white. Pome small, obovate-roundish, red. Leafy Mountain-ash. Tree 20 feet. 45 P. Ursi'na (Wall. cat. 675.) leaves pinnate, with nume- rous pairs of leaflets ; leaflets lanceolate, blunt at both ends, mucronate at the apex and cuspidately serrated, rusty beneath ; corymbs, branches, rachis, and nerves of leaves clothed with rusty villi. Ij . H. Native of Nipaul, Kamaon, and Gosaings- than. Pomes globular, red, about the size of those of the co7n- mon mountain-ash. Badger's Mountain-ash. Tree. 46 P. dome'stica (Smith, engl. bot. t. 350.) leaves pinnate ; leaflets uniform, serrated towards the points, clothed with deci- duous cottony down beneath ; buds glabrous, clammy, acunii- POMACE^E. X. PvRus. a if) nated ; flowers panicUd ; fruit pear-slia))C(l. (7 . H. Native of Eiiro))e, in mountainous parts. In Enifland in the moun- tainous parts of Cornwall ; also in the moorlands of Stafford- shire. 1'. Morbus, Ga>rtn. fruct. 2. p. 45. t. 87. Sorbus do- mestica, Lin. spec. (iSl-. Crantz. stirp. fasc. 2. p. 48. t. 2. f. 3. Jacq. fl. aust. t. 4t7. Flowers aljout the size of those of the liantlioni, cream-coloured. Styles usually 5. The true service- tree is of slow growth, and, accordinff to Krokcr, does not come into bearini; licfore it is CD years old. The fruit is obovate, about an inch in lenjith, reddish spotted, extremely austere, causinu; a most painful and durable irritation in the throat if tasted in an unripe state ; but when mellowed by frost or keep- ing, it becomes brown, soft, and eatable, resembling a medlar, though to most people less agreeable. It is common in Italy, and ripens at Genoa in September, where it is esteemed good in dysentery and fluxes. The wood, which is very hard, is held in repute for making mathematical rulers and excisemen's gaug- ing sticks. In Italy they have many varieties obtained from seeds; but those generally known in this country are only three ; the pear-shaped, the apple-sliaped, and berry-shaped. The tree is recommended by Forsyth and Abercrombie to be grown as a standard at 20 or .10 feet distance, and to be pruned and other- wise treated like the apple and pear. It may also be grafted in the same manner on the same kind of stocks, or it may be pro- pagated by seeds, cuttings, or layers, but the first mode is pre- ferable. It is late in the autumn before the fruit can be gathered; after it is collected wipe it dry, and lay it on dry straw, spread on the open shelves of the fruit room, and in about a month it will become mellow and fit for use. Domestic or True Service-tree. Fl. May. Britain. Tree 20 to 60 feet. 47 P. LANiGiNosA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 637.) leaves pinnate; leaflets serrated, clothed with cottony down beneath, as well as the petioles and buds ; pomes globose. ^ . H. Native of Hun- gary ? Sorbus lanuginosa. Kit. in litt. Flowers whitish. Ji'oollij Service-tree. Fl. May. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 48 P. spu'ria (D. C. prod. 2. p. 637.) leaves pinnate, of 3 pairs of leaflets, hairy beneath ; leaflets ovate, crenated, terini- nal one the largest ; rachis glanduliferous above. Tj • H. Na- tive country unknown. Pyrus hybrida, Moonch. weiss. t. 6. ex Willd. spec. 2. p. 1022. Sorbus spiiria, Pers. encli. 2. p. 39. Mespilus sorbifolia, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 72. Flowers white. Fruit red. This tree is perhaps a hybrid between P. avcu- ■piiria and P. arbutif ulia. Styles 5. Probably referrible to the following section. ^yjun'oui Service-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1800. Tree 20 to 30 ft. Sect. VII. Adenorha'chis (from ocrjr, aden, a gland, and p«Xtc, racliis, the spine of the back ; in reference to the rachis of the leaves bearing glands). D.C.prod. 2. p. 637. Petals spread- ing, unguiculate, with tiie limbs concave. Styles 2-5. Pome globose. Leaves simple, bearing glands along the rachis on the upper side. Flowers corymbose. Peduncles branched. 49 P. ARBUTiFOLiA (Lin. fil. suppl. 256.) leaves obovate-ob- long, acute, crenate-serrate, downy beneath, as well as the calyxes ; corymbs few-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; fruit pear-shaped. ^ . H. Native of North America, throughout Canada from Lake Huron to the Saskatchawan, Newfoundland, &c. Cratce'gus pyrifolia, Lam.dict. 1. p. 83. Aronia pyrifolia, Pers. ench. 2. p. 39. Cratae'gus serratus, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 292. Mespilus arbutifolia, Lin. spec. 685. Smith, arb. t. 86. Mes- pilus arbutifolia a erythrocarpa, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 292. Mill. fig. t. 109." Flowers white. Pome red. Jar. /3, intermedia (Lindl. hort. trans. 7. p. 229.) fruit glo- bose, brown. Jj . H. VOL. II. far. y, scrblina (Lindl. I. c.) leaves shining, velvety beneath ; fruit late, party-colomed. h , H. y^rbutiis-leared Vyrua. Fl. May. Clt. 1 700. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 50 P. floiubu'nda (Lindl. hort. trans. 7. p. 230.) branches cinereous, reclinate ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, on long petioles, tomeiitose beneath, as well as the calyxes ; fruit sphe- rical ; corymbs many-flowered, longer than the leaves. h . H. Native of North America/ Lindl. hot. reg. 1006. Flowers white. Fruit black. Bundle-fowcred Pyrus. Fl. May, June. Shrub. 51 P. deprk'ssa (Lindl. I. c. p. 230.) stems humble, recli- nate ; leaves oblong, obtuse, tomentose beneath, as well as the calyxes; fruit pear-shaped ; corymbs length of the Ic.ives. Jj . II. Native of North America. Flowers white. l''ruit dark pur])le. Depressed Pyrus. Fl. May. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 52 P. melanoca'rpa (Willd. enum. p. 525.) stem humble, erect, glabrous ; leaves oblong, acute, shining, serrated, gla- brous beneath, as well as the calyxes and peduncles ; fruit round- ish-turbinate. Tj . H. Native of North America, from Canada to Virginia, and on the mountains of Carolina. P. arbutifolia /i, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1013. Aronia arbutifolia, Pers. cncli. 2. p. 39. Corymbs more crowded than those of the last species, and the pomes are black. Flowers white. Var. /J, subpubesceiis (Lindl. hort. trans. 7. p. 232.) leaves when young tomentose beneath, but glabrous in the adult state. Blaeh--fniited Pyrus. Fl. M.iy, June. Clt. 1700. Sh. 2 ft. 53 P. pu'bens (Lindl. hort. trans. 7. p. 232.) stem erect ; branches pubescent ; leaves oblong or obovate, abruptly acumi- nated, smooth ; fruit spherical, and are, as well as the calvxes, quite glabrous ; corymbs loose, many-flowered ; fruit with a gla- brous disk. Jj . H. Native of North America. F'lowers white. Fruit round, large, dark purple. Both tliis and the following have the robust foliage and habit of P. chamccmcspdus. Don'tuj Pyrus. Clt. 1810. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 54 P. GRANDIFOLIA (Lindl. I. c.) stem erect, and is, as well as the branches, smoothish ; leaves oblong or obovate, acute, gla- brous ; fruit spherical, and are, as well as the calyxes, glabrous; corymbs few-flowered, coarctate ; fruit with a villous disk. (7 . H. Native of North America. Lindl. bot. reg. 1154. Flowers white. Fruit dark purple. Great-leaved Pyrus. Clt. 1810. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. Sect. VIII. Cham.eme'spilus {chamee in botany usually sig- nifies false, and Mespilus, the luedlar ; false medlar). D. C. prod. 2. p. 637. Petals erect, connivent, concave. Styles 2. Pome ovate. Leaves simple, glandless. Flowers disposed in capitate corymbs. 55 P. cham.eme'spilus (Lindl. in Lin. trans. 13. p. 98.) leaves ovate, serrated, glabrous. Ij . H. Native of Europe, in mountainous parts. Cratae'gus chani;eniespilus, Jacq. aust. t. 231. hort. vind. 213. Mespilus chamaemespilus, Lin. spec. 685. Sorbus chamaemespilus, Crantz aust. 83. t. 1. f. 3. Leaves clothed with deciduous down when young. Flowers reddish. Fruit ro\uid, red. Bnstard-Mcdiar or Quince. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1683. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. \ Sjjecies not sufficiently hnonn. 56 P. ? ALNiFOLiA (Lindl. I. c.) glabrous : leaves roundish, toothed at the apex, feather-nerved, rather glaucous beneath ; raceme simple, elongated. I; . H. Native of North America, at Fort Mandan. Pome l>lack, sugary. Alder-leaved Pyrus. Shrub. 57 P. TOMENTosA (D. C". prod. 2. p. 637.) leaves oval-lan- ceolate, rather crenulated, on short petioles, clothed with white tomentum beneath, as well as the branchlets, and with cinereous 40 650 POMACES. X. Pyrus. XI. Cydonia. villi above. f} . H. Native of Siberia. Mains tomentcJsa, Diim. Cours. ed. 2. vol. 5. p. 438. Said to be allied to P. bac- catii, but the flowers as well as the fruit are unknown. Tomentose Pyrus. Tree. 58 P. rubicu'nda (Hoffmans. verz. 1824. p. 192.) leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous ; pome like that of P. Mains, yellow on one side, and red on the other, covered with a kind of glaucous bloom. "^ . H. Native country unknown. Reddish Pyrus. Tree. Cult. All the species of Pyrus are either trees or large shrubs. They are both useful and ornamental ; free growers thrive in any soil, and may be planted in shrubberies, or to stand singly. They may be raised from seeds, cuttings, layers, or by engrafting the rarer on the commoner sorts. XL CYDO'NIA (so named from being a native near Cydon in Candia). Tourn. inst. 632. t. 405. Pers. ench. 2. p. 40. D. C. prod. 2. p. 638. — Pyrus species of Lin. and others. Lin. syst. Icosandria, Pcntagynia. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 84. a.). Petals orbicular (f. 84./.). Stamens erect (f. 84. h.). Styles 5. Pome closed (f.84. g.), 5-celled ; cells cartilaginous, many-seeded. Seeds covered with mucilaginous pulp. — Trees, with undivided, quite entire, or serrated leaves, and large flowers, which are either solitary, or few together in a kind of umbel. Sect. L Cydonia (see genus for derivation). Lindl. in Lin. trans. 13. p. 97. Lobes of calyx rather foliaceous, and serru- lated. Stamens disposed in a single series. FIG. 84. it has a peculiar and rather 1 C. vulga'ris (Pers. ench. p. 40.) leaves ovate, blunt at the base, quite entire, clothed with white tomentum beneath, as well as the calyxes and pedicels ; flowers few, in a kind of umbel, fj . H. Native of the south of Europe, among rocks and in hedges. Pyrus Cydonia, Lin. spec. 687. Jacq. austr. t. 342. Woodv. med. hot. t. 79. Cydonia Euro- pse'a, Savi, alb. tosc. 1. p. 90. The Quince-tree is low, much branched, and generally crooked and distorted. The flowers are large, white, or pale red, and ap- pear in May. The fruit varying in shape in the diflPerent varieties, globular, oblong, ovate or obovate : pleasant apple-smell, and an austere taste. It is mentioned by Tusser in 1753, but has never been very much cultivated. Use. — The fruit is not eaten raw, but stewed, or in pies or tarts along with apples it is much esteemed. In confectionary it forms an excellent marmalade and syrup. When apples are flat and have lost their flavour, Forsyth observes, a quince or two in a pie or pudding will add a quickness. In medicine the expressed juice, repeatedly taken in small quantities, is said to be cooling, astringent, and stomachic, &c. A mucilage, pre- pared from the seeds, was formerly much in use, but is now sup- planted by the simple gums. The fruit taken in small quantity is supposed to restrain vomiting and alvine fluxes. In nursery- gardens the plants are much used as stocks for the pear. The varieties of the quince are as follow : — 1 Common quince, coignassier commmi. This and the two following are often confused with each other ; it is very pro- bable that from seeds of either sort varieties have been, and still may be, obtained, some of which would produce apple-shaped, and some pear-shaped fruit. 2 A p2ile-shaped quince, coignassier malifurme, coignassier pomifdrme. Cyd. vulgaris a maliformis, Mill. diet. no. 2. Fruit nearly globose, of the same quality as the last. 3 Pear-shaped quince, coignassier pyriforme. Cyd. vulgaris y oblonga, Mill. diet. no. 1. Leaves oval or oblong; fruit pear- shaped, of the same quality as the two last species. 4 Portugal quince, coignassier de Portugal. Cyd. vulgaris, var. ft Lusitanica, Mill. diet. no. 3. This is a good sort, and distinct from the preceding kinds ; it does not become, however, except in very favourable seasons, of so deep an orange ; its leaves are broader ; its growth less contracted, consequently it is the best sort for grafting pears upon. 5 Orange quince. Tliis and the following possess characters difTering so little from what may be found among sub-varieties of the others, that they are scarcely worth distinguishing. 6 Large-fruited quince, coignassier il gros fruit. Propagation. — Generally by layers, but also by cuttings, and approved sorts may be perpetuated by grafting. In pro- pagating for stocks nothing more is necessary than removing the lower shoots from the larger, so as to preserve a clean stem as high as the graft ; but for fruit-bearing trees it is necessary to train the stem to a rod till it has attained 4 or 5 feet in height, and can support itself upright. Soil and site. — The cpiitice prefers a soft moist soil, and rather shady or at least a sheltered situation. It is seldom planted but as a standard in the orchard, or to grow singly in the garden, and a very few trees are sufficient for any family. Time of planting, the mode of bearing, and all the other par- ticulars are the same as for the apple and pear. Common Quince. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1573. Tree 20 feet. 2 C. SuMBOsHiA (Hamilt. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 237.) leaves cordate, oval, mucronate, quite entire, clothed with white tomentum beneath, as well as the branchlets and calyxes ; sti- pulas elliptic, acute, glandularly serrated ; peduncles solitary, terminal, tomentose ; calycine segments oblong ; pome attenu- ated at the base. fj . H. Native of Nipaul, where it is called in the Nawarice language Sumboshi-srva, and Bhee in that of Sirinigur. Very like Cydonia vulgaris. Suynboshi or Nipaul Quince. Fl. May, June. Tree 20 feet. 3 C. Sine'nsis (Thouin, in ann. mus. 19. p. 145. t. 8 and t. 9.) leaves ovate, acuminated at both ends, acutely serrated, when young rather villous, but in the adult state glabrous, as well as the calyxes ; stipulas oblong-linear, glandularly serrated. tj . H. Native of China. Pyrus Sinensis, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 452. Flowers white. Fruit egg-shaped, large, hard, and nearly dry, greenish. Seeds about 30 in each cell, many of which are abor- tive. This appears to be an intermediate plant between the last and the following. Chinese Quince. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818. Tree 20 feet. Sect. II. Ch^nome'les (from x""'*^! chaino, to open, and fxrfKov, melon, an apple ; when the plant was first so called, the fruit examined was split at the top, from some cause or other ; perhaps from heat). Lindl. 1. c. Lobes of calyx short, obtuse, and quite entire. Stamens inserted in 2 series. 4 C. Japo'nica (Pers. ench. 2. p. 40.) leaves oval, somewhat cuneated, crenate-serrated, quite glabi-ous on both surfaces, as well as the calyxes ; stipulas reniform, serrated, ^i . H. Native of Japan. Pyrus Japonica, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 207. Curt. hot. mag. t. 622. Moris, fl. consp. t. 1. p. Chaenomeles Japonica, Lindl. 1. c. Flowers deep scarlet, solitary, or 2-3 together. A very ornamental plant. There is also a white flowered variety, which is also very ornamental. Japan Qumce. Fl. year. Clt. 1815. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. Cult. All the species of quince are very ornamental when in blossom. The three first species answer well to be planted as standards singly in any conspicuous situation. The C. Japonica POMACEiE. XII. DicALYx. XIII. Pyrenaria. CALYCANTHEiE. 651 is one of the most elegant liardy sliriibs yet introduced to our gardens, as it produces its beautiful scarlet fioivers the greater part of the year. It is a very proper plant for training against a wall. All the species may be increased by ripened cuttings off the roots, planted in a sheltered situation, with a hand-glass placed over them. They are also to be increased by grafting the one on the other, or on any of the plants contained in the present order. t Genera doubtful rvhether they belong to the present order. XII. DICAXYX (from ?(f, dis, double, and ^'aXus, kahjx, a calyx ; so named in consequence of the calyx being calycu- lated by bracteas, which assume the appearance of an outer calyx.) Lour. coch. p. 663. Blume, bijdr. 1116. Deciidia, Lour. Sariava, Keinwdt. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Digi/nia. Flowers superior. Calyx 5-cleft, permanent, calyculated by 2-3 bracteas. Corolla deeply 4-parted. Stamens numerous, inserted in the base of the co- rolla. Ovary inferior, 3-celled ; cells many-seeded. Seeds pen- dulous. Styles 2, crowned by obtuse trigonal stigmas. Drupe baccate, containing a 1-3-celled nut ; nut 1-seeded, 2 of the cells being usually vacant. Seeds albuminous. Embryo linear, somewhat incurved, inverted. 1 D. TiNCTORius (Blum, bijdr. 1116.) leaves oblong, acumi- nated, rounded at the base or acutish, finely serrulated, smooth, rather pubescent at the ribs beneath, as well as the tips of the branches and peduncles ; peduncles crowded, short, axillary ; fruit smooth, (j . S. Native of Java, in mountain woods. far. p ; leaves smaller, very much acuminated, acute at the base, sharply serrated, covered with strigose down on the middle nerve beneath, as well as the branches. Perhaps a species. Dyer's Dicalyx. Tree 20 feet. 2 D. ODORATi'ssiMus (Blum. bijdr. p. 1116.) leaves elliptic- oblong, large, acute at both ends, but rather bluntisli at the apex, coarsely and obtusely serrated, glabrous ; panicles axil- lary, rather tomentose ; fruit smooth. }j . S. Native of Java, on the mountains. Flowers white. I ery-sneet-scented Dicalyx. Tree 30 feet. 3 D. ALUMiNOsus (Blum, bijdr. 1117.) leaves oblong-lanceo- late, acuminated at both ends, bluntisli at the apex, glabrous, with blunt exserted serratures ; panicles axillary, finely tomen- tose ; fruit smooth. t; . S. Native of Java and Cochin-china. Decadia aluminosa, Lour. coch. 315. Flowers small white. The wood and leaves are much used in dyeing by the natives of Cochin-china. Aluminous Dicalyx. Tree. 4 D. costa'tus (Blum, bijdr. 1117.) leaves oblong, tapering to both ends, smooth, finely serrulated ; spikes short, axillary ; fruit ribbed. f; . S. Native of Java, on the mountains of Bu- rangrang. Flowers white. Ribbed Dicalyx. Tree. 5 D. Java'nicus (Bhnn. bijdr. 1117.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, finely serrulated above the middle, smooth, rather pubescent on the veins beneath ; spikes panicled, axillary, and terminal, and are, as well as the branches, densely tomentose. f2 • S- Native of Java, on the mountains. Java Dicalyx. Tree. C D. Salace'nsis (Blum, bijdr. 1118.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acute at both ends, finely serrulated, and are, as well as the branches, quite glabrous ; spikes simple or branched, axillary and terminal, short, densely tomentose. ^. S. Native of Java, on Mount Salak. Flowers white. Salak Dicalyx. Tree. 7 D. SESsiLiFOLius (Blum, bijdr. 1118.) leaves nearly sessile, oval, acute at both ends, finely serrulated, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous ; spikes branched, axillary and terminal. rather tomentose ; fruit smooth. Ij . S. Native of Java, on the top of Mount Cede. Flowers wliite. Scssilc-lcavcd Dicalyx. Tree. 8 D. spka'tus (Blum, bijdr. 1118.) leaves lanceolate, acumi- nated at both ends, quite entire or serrulated, and are, as well as the branches, glal)rous ; spikes axillary and terminal, simple or branched, clothed with silky tomentum ; fruit ovate, glabrous. Ij . S. Native of Java. Flowers white. Var. /3 ; leaves narrow, oblong-lanceolate. Spiked Dicalyx. Tree. 9 D. cilia'tus (Blum, bijdr. 1119.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, nearly entire, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous ; spikes branched, axillary, downy ; bracteas and calyxes ciliated ; fruit oval, smooth ; calycine segments ovate, acute. Tj . S. Native of Java, on Mount Tjerimai. Ciliated Dicalyx. Tree. 10 D. acvminVtus (Blum, bijdr. 1119.) leaves oblong-lan- ceolate, acuminated at both ends, finely serrulated at the apex, and are glabrous as well as the branches ; panicles axillary or almost terminal, smooth. Ij . S. Native of Java, on Mount Salak. This species comes very near D. sylvaticus of Lour, but the leaves are acuminated, and the serratures hardly con- spicuous. Acuminated-Xe&VGfi. Dicalyx. Tree. 11 D. svi,va"ticus (Lour. coch. p. 663.) leaves lanceolate, serrate, glabrous ; racemes simple, almost terminal. Jj . S. Native of Cochin-china. Rumph. amb. 5. t. 1 04. Flowers white. Wood Dicalyx. Tree 30 feet. Cxdt. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit the species of this genus, and ripened cuttings will probably root if planted in sand, with a hand-glass placed over them. XIII. PYRENA'RIA (from jjyren, a cherry-stone; in re- ference to the bony seeds). Blum, bijdr. 1119. Lin. syst. Puhjdndria, Pentagijnia. Calyx inferior, of 5 sepals, bibracteate, imbricate. Petals 5, imbricately-conniving at the base. Stamens numerous, free, hypogynous, and some- what adnate to the base of the petals. Anthers bursting out- wardly. Ovary 5-celled ; cells biovulate. Styles 5, ap- proximate, emarginate. Pome globose, depressed, fleshy, 5- celled ; cells covered with a papery membrane, containing each two bony seeds. Seeds exalbuminous. Embryo erect, with leafy contortuplicate cotyledons. This genus has the habit of Pomacece, but from the structure of the calyx and insertion of the stamens it comes nearer to Ternstrcemidcece. 1 P. serra'ta (Blum, bijdr. 1120.) J; . S. A tree, with alternate, stalked, oblong, serrated, coriaceous, exstipulate leaves; axillary solitary 1 -flowered peduncles, and white flowers. ^. S. Native of Java, on the higher mountains. ScrraiedAaviVtdi Pyrenaria. Tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see Dicalyx. Order LXXXVI. CALYCA'NTHE/E (plants agreeing with Calycdnthus in important characters). Lindl. hot. reg. no. 404. D. C. prod. 3. p. 1.— Calycanthinae, Link, enum. 2. p. 66. — Calycanthus, Lin. gen. no. 639. Lam. ill. t. 445. diet. 1 . p. 565. Willd. hort. berol. no. 80.— Rosaceis affines, Juss. gen. Vent. Nees. — Monimicis affines, Juss. ann. mus. 14. p. 119. — Magnoliis affines, Batsch. t. 116. Calyx coloured, with a fleshy urccolate tube, girding the ovaries (f. 85. A.) and a many-parted limb; segments unequal, disposed in many series (f. 85. d. a.), imbricate. Petals wanting. Stamens numerous, inserted in several series in a fleshy disk in 4 o 2 652 CALYCANTHEiE. I. Calycanthus. II. Chimonanthus. the throat of the calyx ; the inner ones sterile. Anthers adnate, bursting longitudinally outwardly by 2 cells. Carpels numerous (f. 85. b.), inserted on the inside of the tube of the calyx, as in Rosa, 1 -celled, biovulate, onlyoneofthe ovula coming to maturity, and therefore 1-seeded from abortion. Styles terminal, distinct, exserted from the tube of the calyx ; stigmas simple. Carpels of akenia inclosed in the fleshy tube of the calyx, 1-seeded; the pericarp rather corneous. Seed conformed to the cavity of the akenia, ascending, having the hylum nearly opposite the cicatrice of the pericarp. Embryo exalbuminous, straight, with convo- lute cotyledons, and an inferior radicle. — This order is composed of beautiful hardy early-flowering shrubs, with simple, exstipu- late, scabrous, feather-nerved leaves. Flowers yellowish, sweet- scented, or lurid purple, hermaphrodite, solitary, pedicellate, terminal, or in the axils of the leaves of the present or pre- ceding year. The wood, leaves, and flowers of Calycanthus Jloridiis have a scent resembling the quince, hence it is called American allspice. Calycanthcce agrees with Rosacece in the carpels or akenia being inserted in the inner sides of the calyx as in Rosa, and with Granatece in the opposite leaves, and in the convolute cotyledons of the embryo ; in this last respect it also agrees with Combretacece. Calycinthece diflfers from Ro- sacece and Pomacece in the form of the embryo, and from Gra- natece in the form and imbricate estivation of the calyx. It differs from both the last-mentioned orders in the absence of petals, in the numerous lobes of the calyx, and in the anthers bursting outwardly. Synopsis of the genera. 1 Calyca'ntiius. Lobes of calyx disposed in many series, lanceolate, coriaceous, coloured. Stamens deciduous, 12 outer ones fertile. 2 Ciiimona'nthus. Lobes of calyx oval, obtuse, outer ones form of bracteas. Stamens permanent, H outer ones fertile. I. CALYCA'NTHUS (from «'. cheimon, winter, and aiOoc, antl/os, a flower; in reference to the time of flowering, which is from December to February). Lindl. bot. reg. no. 404. and 451. D. C. prod. 3. p. 2. — Meratia, Nees. in nov. act. bonn. 11. p. 107. — Calycanthus species of Lin. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Polygynia. Lobes of calyx imbri- cate, oval, obtuse ; outer ones in the form of bracteas ; inner ones larger and appearing like a corolla. Stamens nearly equal, per- manent, the 5 outer ones fertile, connate at the base, at matu- rity.— Slirubs, with the flowers rising before the leaves, in the axils of the leaves of the preceding year. Flowers very sweet- scented, yellowish, but purplish inside. Bark and leaves with- out scent. 1 C. fra'grans (Lindl. bot. reg. 404.). ^.U. Native of Japan. Calycanthus pra;'cox, Lin. spec. 718. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 220. t. 10. Curt. bot. mag. t. 466. Lam. ill. t. 445. f. 2. Meratia fragrans, Nees. 1. c. Far. p, grandifora (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 451.) flowers larger and more spreading. Perhaps a proper species, for the fruit of C. frograiis is lageniform, thicker above the base, and tapering at the apex into a long neck, but in the present plant, according to the figure, the fruit is oblong and tapering to the base. Far. y, liitciis ; flowers yellow, both inside and outside. Fragrant \Ymter-i\o\\'cr. Fl. Dec. Feb. 1766. Sh. G feet. Ctdt. The delightful fragrance of the blossoms, makes the C. fragrans and its varieties desirable objects in all collections. GRANATE^. I. Pumca. MEMECYLE^. 653 Tliey tlirive in almost any kind of soil, and are usually increased by layers, l)ut young cuttings will also strike root, if planted in a pot of sand, with a bell-glass placed over them, in a little bottom heat. The plants endure our winters in the open air, in a shel- tered situation, with very little protection in severe weather. Hut as they Hower during the winter months, the plants are liable to be injured by the frost, if planted in an exposed situation, they are therefore seen to most advantage under shelter, as in a greenhouse, pit, or conservatory. Order LXXXVII. GRANA'TEiE (this order only contains the species of Pomegranate and their varieties). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. jidy 182G. p. 131-. D. C. prod. 3. p. 3. A genus of Mi/rtacece, Juss. and all other authors. Calyx with a turbinate tube (f. 86. n.) and a 5-7-cleft coriaceous, tubular limb (f. 86. c.) ; segments valvate in aestivation. Petals 5-7 (f. 8C. i.). Stamens numerous ; fdaments free ; anthers 2-celIed, bursting in front, by 2 chinks. Style filiform. Stigma capitate, papulose. Fruit large, spherical (f. 86. c), crowned by the limb of the calyx (f. 86. tf.), indehiscent; the fruit is the tube of the calyx, divided horizontally into two chambers or parts (f. 86. y"), the upper division 5-9-celled, and the lower division 3-celled ; the dissepiments membranous, separating the cells ; the placentas of the upper division of the fruit fleshy, reaching from the parietes to the centre ; those of the lower divi- sion progressing irregularly from the bottom of the fruit. Seeds innumerable, exalbuminous, covered with pellucid bac- cate pulp. Embryo oblong, with a short, straight radicle, and foliaceous, spirally convolute cotyledons. This order is composed of trees or shrubs, with tetragonal subspinose branches, opposite, deciduous leaves, rarely verticillate or al- ternate ; they are oblong-lanceolate and dotless, usually dis- posed in fascicles in the axils. Flowers 2-5, scarlet, almost sessile, rising near the tops of the branches. — This order only consists of one genus, the well-known pomegranate. It differs from Myrtacecv, in the leaves being destitute of dots, and in being without the marginal nerve, also in the economy of the fruit, the pulpy seeds, and in the convolute cotyledons ; from Cahjcanthece in the valvate calyx, and in the anthers bursting inwardly ; from Memcctjlece in the indefinite stamens; from ComhrctiicCiE in the many-celled ovary, and in the situation of the seeds ; from Fochysiece in the indefinite stamens and regular flowers ; and from all in the structure of the fruit. I. PU^NICA {Punicus, Carthaginian, because it is a native of the countries from the north of Africa to Rome ; or from j'uni- ceus, scarlet, from the colour of the flowers). Tourn. inst. t. 401. Lin. gen. no. 618. Geertn. fr. 1. t. 38. D. C. prod. 3. p. 3. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Monogijnia. Character the same as the order. 1 P. Grana'tum (Lin. spec. 676.) leaves lanceolate ; stem arboreous. f; . H. Native of Barbary, from whence it has migrated into the south of Europe, and now as it were become indigenous. I'ar. u,rubrum; flowers scarlet, single; pulp surrounding the seed, reddish. H . J I. Wild in the i)laces stated above. Trew, ehret. t. 71. f. 1. Poit. et Turp. arb. fr. 22. Schkuhr, Sims. hot. mag. handb. t. 131./.. 1832. * Jlurc-pleno ; flowers double, scarlet. More impatient of cold than the single variety. Trew. ehret. t. 71. f. 2. Far. fi, albescens; corolla white; calyx yellowish ; pulp surround- ing the seeds pale. Ij . H. Less im])atient of cold than the pre- ceding variety. Andr. hot. rep. 96. • Jlore-plino ; flowers double, white, having the calyx yellow- ish. Tj , H. This variety is very impatient of cold. Var. y,JI(ivum ; flowers yellow. This variety is very rare. The rind of the fruit and the flowers of tlie jiomegranate are the parts directed for medicinal use. They are both powerful astringents, and have long been successfully employed as such both externally and internally as gargles, in diarrhoeas, &c. The dose in substance is from half a drachm to a drachm. In infu- sion or decoction to half an ounce. The pulp is subacid, allay- ing heat, quenching thirst, and gently laxative. Common Pomegranate. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1548. Tree 15 to 30 feet. 2 P. na'na (Lin. spec. 676.) leaves linear ; stem shrubby. T; . G. Native of the West India Islands, and South America ; about Demerara, &c, Sims, bot. mag. 634, Trew. ehret. t. 71. f. 3. Flowers red. Perhaps only a variety of tbe preceding. The flowers are much smaller than those of the common pome- granate, and the fruit is about the size of a nutmeg. In the West Indies, where it is a native, it is planted for hedges, and continues flowering all the year. Dwaif Pomegranate. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1723. Sh. 5 to 6 ft. Cult. There is no tree more showy than the Pomegranate, when in flower. It is best planted against a wall with a south aspect. All the varieties strike root freely from cuttings or layers; the rarer varieties are sometimes increased by grafting on the commoner kinds. Those varieties most impatient of cold had better be grown in pots, that they may the more easily be protected by placing under shelter in the winter. Order LXXXVIII. MEMECY'LE.^i (plants agreeing with Memecijlon in important characters). D. C. prod. 2. p. 5. Calyx with an ovate or subglobose tube and a 4-5-lobed or 4-5-toothed limb. Petals 4-5, inserted in the calyx and alter- nating with its lobes. Stamens 8-10, or double the number of the petals ; filaments free ; anthers incurved, 2-celled. Style filiform. Berry crowned by the limb of the calyx, 2-4-celled. Seeds few, exalbuminous. Cotyledons foliaceous, convolute. Radicle straight Intratropical shrubs, with simple, quite entire, dotless, opposite leaves, which are nearly always feather-nerved ; and axillary pedicellate flowers. This is a very doubtful order, but is, on account of its convolute cotyledons, .allied to Calycan- t/iece, Granatea; and Combretacca, but from the form of the anthers and the number of the parts of the flower, it is nearer related to Melastom^cece, nor is it far removed from Myrtitcecf in the habit, flowers, and opposite leaves. Synopsis of the genera. 1 Meme'cylon. Calyx with a globose tube and a bluntly 4- 654 MEMECYLE^. I. Memecylon. toothed limb. Petals 4. Stamens 8. Berry dry, globose, 2-4- celled. 2 Scu'tula. Calyx with a truncate, spreading, fleshy, saucer- formed limb. Petals 4-5. Stamens 8-10. Berry 8 -celled ; cells 1 -seeded. 3 Mouri'ria. Calyx furnished with 2 scales at the base ; limb urceolate, 5-toothed. Petals 5. Stamens 10. Berry 1-4-celled, 1-4-seeded, I. MEME'CYLON (from /jcfiriKvXoi' of Dioscorides, the Greek name of the fruit of the Arbutus). Lin. gen. no. 481. Lam. diet. 4. p. 88. ill. t. 284. Pet. Th. obs. p. 57. and p. 58. but not of Mitch. D. C. prod. 3. p. 5. — Valikaha, Adans. fam. 2. p. 84. Lin. syst. Octhidria, Monogynia. Calyx with a liemis- pherical or subglobose tube, and a small limb striated at the bottom, and with a bluntly 4-toothed, repand, or entire border. Petals 4, oval. Stamens 8, longer than the petals ; filaments free ; anthers incurved, fixed by the middle, acutely beaked at one end, and blunt at the other, and bearing 2 polliniferous cells each. Style 1, filiform, bearing a simple stigma. Berry nearly dry, globose, crowned by the limb of the calyx ; when young 2-4-celled, cells 2-seeded ; but when mature 1 -celled, and 1- seeded. Nut brittle, easily separated from the calyx. Seed pendulous, exalbuminous. Cotyledons foliaceous, convolute. Radicle superior, acute. — Shrubs having the branches nodose, at the origin of the leaves. Leaves glabrous, rarely 3-nerved, usually feather-nerved. Flowers axillary, in fascicles, or in racemose heads, of a bluish-violet colour. Bracteoles small, opposite, sometimes connate under the flowers and at the bifur- cations of the pedicels. * Branches tetragonal. 1 M. trine'rve (D. C. prod. 3. p. 5.) branches acutely tetra- gonal ; leaves almost sessile ; flowers in fascicles, nearly sessile, at the knots of the branches. Ii • S- Native of the East Indies. Leaves bluntish, with revolute margins, 2 inches long and 1 broad. 77(rce-neri'erf-leaved Memecylon. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 2 M. ANGULOSUM (Reiclib. in Sieb. pi. exsic. maur. 2. no. lie.) brandies acutely tetragonal; leaves on very short pe- tioles, oval, rather attenuated at both ends, bluntish, 1-nerved; flowers pedicellate, in fascicles at the knots of the branches. ^l . S. Native of the Mauritius. Melaleuca ovalifolia, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 624. Petioles 1-2 lines long. Leaves 2 inches long and 10-12 lines broad. Pedicels usually bifid and 2- flowered. A ngular-hranched Memecylon. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. •J M. oLo'pTERUM (D.C. prod. 2. p. 5.) branches 4-vvinged ; the wings curled ; leaves sessile, ovate-roundish, somewhat euiarginate at the apex, shining on both surfaces, scarcely 1- nerved. ^ . S. Native of Madagascar. Leaves 5-C lines long and 4 lines broad. Flowers solitary, pedicellate in the specimen examined but it is badly preserved. A ll-7vinged-stemmed Memecylon. Shrub 2 feet. 4 M. sudquadrangula're (D. C. prod. 2. p. 6.) branches tetragonal at the apex ; leaves sessile, ovate, bluntish, 1-nerved ; flowers pedicellate, in fascicled umbels at the knots of the branches. ^(' . S. Native of the East Indies. Leaves 2 inches long and an inch broad. Pedicels 2-3 lines long. Border of calyx entire. Flower-bud tetragonal, acute. Suhquadratigular-hranched Memecylon. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. * * Branches terete, o M. CAPiTULA TUM (Lin. spec. 497.) branches nearly terete ; leaves oval, on short petioles, bluntish, 1-nerved; peduncles axillary, 3-times longer than the petiole, bearing a head of flowers. Tj . S. Native of Ceylon. Burm. zeyl. t. 30. Lam. ill. t. 284. f. 1. Blum, bijdr. p. 1094. Fruit globose, rather ventricose at the base, crowned by the bluntly 4-toothed calyx. S7nall'headed-Aowered Memecylon. Fl. July. Clt. 1796. Shrub 3 to 5 feet. 6 M. sph^roca'rpum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 6.) branches nearly terete ; leaves on short petioles, oval, obtuse, sub-attenuated at the base, 7-nerved ; peduncles axillary, many-flowered, hardly longer than tlie petioles. 1^ ■ S. Native of the Mauritius. M. tinctorium, Sieb. pi. exsic. maur. 2. p. 115. and perhaps of Willd. Leaves yellowish when dried, with rather revolute margins, 2 inches long and 1 broad. Fruit exactly globose, smaller than those of the preceding, with the limb of the calyx caducous. Flower-bud conical, acute. Border of calyx nearly entire. Round-fruilcd Memecylon. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 7 M. laxiflorum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 6.) branches nearly terete; leaves on short petioles, ovate, acutish, 1-nerved; pe- duncles axillary, twice the length of the petiole ; flowers um- bellate, fj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Rheed. mal. 5. t. 19.? M. tinctorium, Willd. spec. 2. p. 347. ? Blum, bijdr. p. 1094.? Fruit ovate. Leaves 12-15 lines long and 6-7 lines broad. Border of calyx repandly toothed. Loose-JloKered Memecylon. Shrub 3 to 5 feet. 8 M. RAMiFLORUM (Lam. diet. 4. p. 88.) branches nearly terete; leaves on short petioles, elliptic, bluntish, 1-nerved; flowers in umbellate fascicles, borne in the axils and beneath the leaves ; style twice the length of the stamens. ^i . S. Na- tive of the Mauritius and Ceylon. M. umbellatum, Blum, bijdr. p. 1094.? Melaleuca bicolor, Poir. sup])l. 3. p. 624. The figuie in Burm. zeyl. t. 31. agrees well with this species, but the flowers are there represented as tetrandrous, not octandrous. Branch-Jlowered Memecylon. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 9 M. exce'lsum (Blum, bijdr. p. 1094.) branches?; leaves on short petioles, elliptic-oblong, bluntly acuminated, glabrous, and ratlier veiny, pale beneath ; fascicles of flowers corymbose, axillary ; fruit oval. H . S. Native of Java, on Mount Salak. Tall Memecylon. Tree 30 feet. 10 M. ova'tum (Smith, in Rees'cycl. vol. 23. no. 3.) branches nearly terete ? leaves on long petioles, ovate, bluntly acumin- ated ; peduncles rising on the naked parts of the branches, aggregate, innbelliferous ; base of calyx 8-nerved. (j . S. Native of the East Indies. Petioles half an inch long. Leaves 3 inches long. Oyaie-leaved Memecylon. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 11 ]\I. EDU LE (Roxb. cor. 1. t. 82.) branches terete; leaves on short petioles, broadly ovate, obtuse, 1-nerved ; peduncles tetragonal, usually rising from the knots beneath the leaves, umbtllately racemose, many-flowered ; style about equal in length to the stamens. Ij . S. Native of Coromandel, in every jungle. Fruit juicy, crowned by the 4-toothed limb of the calyx ; when ripe they are eaten by the natives ; they have much pulp of a bluish-black colour, and of an astringent quality. Edible Memecylon. Clt. 1820. Tree 10 to 12 feet. 12 M. acumina'tum (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 4.) branches terete ? leaves on short petioles, elliptic, acute ; peduncles ax- illary, very short, umbelliferous ; style about equal in length to the petals. I7 . S. Native country unknown. AcuminatedAe&vedi Memecylon. Tree. 13 M. gra'nde (Retz, obs. 4. p. 26.) arboreous; leaves ovate, acuminated, 1-nerved, on short petioles; peduncles axil- lary, 4-5-cleft, many-flowered. \ . S. Native of the East Indies. Blum, bijdr. p. 1095. Nedum-Schatti, Rheed. mal. 2. MEMECYLE.€. I. Memecylon. II. Scutula. III. Mouriria. COMBRETACEiE. G55 t. 15. Flowers purple. Fruit globose, ex Blum. Perhaps many species are confused under this name. Great Memecylon. Tree 10 to 12 feet. U M. coRDATUM (Lam. diet. i. p. 89. ill. t. 284. f. 2.) branches nearly terete ; leaves sessile, cordate at the base, stem- clasping, ovate ; peduncles axillary, branched ; fruit crowned by the largish, bluntly l-toothcd limb of the calyx. Pj . S. Native of the East Indies and the Mauritius. J'ar. «, 2>cdunculdsum (D. C. prod. 2. p. 7.) peduncles nearly equal in length to the leaves ; leaves smaller. I; . S. Native of the East Indies. rar. jy, brcvipcs (D. C. I. c.) peduncles much shorter than the leaves ; leaves larger, tj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Cordate-\ea\cA Memecylon. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 15 M. fe'rreum (Blum, bijdr. p. 1095.) branches terete? leaves petiolate, oval, very blunt, sometimes retuse, attenuated at the base, coriaceous, veinless ; umbels coryml)ose, axillary ; fruit globose. f; . S. Native of Java, on the mountains. Iron Memecylon. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 16 M. ciNNAMOMioiDEs ; Icavcs elliptic, obtusely acuminated, 3-nerved, glabrous, attenuated at the base ; peduncles axillary, aggregate, longer than the petioles, umbellate, few-flowered. J; . .S. Native of Sierra Leone, (v. s. herb. Lamb.) Cinnamon-like Memecylon. Shrub 5 to G feet. 17 M. ArzELii; leaves elliptic, attenuated at both ends, coriaceous, 1 -nerved, ending in a long acumen at the apex; pe- duncles twin or tern, axillary ; flowers umbellate. Tj . S. Na- tive of Sierra Leone, (v. s. herb. Lamb.) /i/zeUus's-\ea\ed Memecylon. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 18 M. BLACKlofoES ; leaves large, sessile, very broad, coria- ceous, strongly 3-nerved, the lateral veins running into a mar- ginal nerve ; corymbs compound, pedunculate, axillary. ^ . S. Native of Sierra Leone, in the woods in the low lands. Dlackia-like Memecylon. Shrub G to 10 feet. Cull. A mixture of sand, loam, and peat suits the species of Memecylon. Young cuttings, planted in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them in heat root freely. II. SCU'TULA (from scutula, a little saucer; form of the limb of the calyx). Lour. coch. p. 235. D. C. prod. 3. p. 7. LiN. SYST. Octo-Decdndria, Monogijnia. Calyx with the tube adhering to the ovary, and with a truncate, spreading, fleshy, saucer-formed limb. Petals 4-5, connivent, seated on the border of the calyx. Stamens 8-10, with inflexed filaments and curved oblong anthers. Style filiform, simple at the apex. Berry 8-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. Seed compressed. ^Small smooth trees, with opposite, lanceolate, quite entire leaves ; and axillary and terminal peduncles, bearing blue or violaceous flowers. This genus is probably not distinct from Memecijlon. 1 S. SCUTELLARIA (Lour. 1. c.) pcduucles axillary, many- flowered; berries compressed. ^ . G. Native of Cochin-china. Flowers and fruit violaceous. "Saucer-calyxed Scutula, Shrub 8 feet. 2 S. umbella'ta (Lour. 1. c.) umbels terminal ; berries roundish. Pj . G. Native of Cochin-china. Flowers white and party-coloured. UmheUate-^owareA Scutula. Shrub 4 feet. Cult. See Memecylon for culture and propagation. III. MOURI'RIA {Mouririehira is the Guiana name of M. Guianensis). Juss. gen. 320. Lam. ill. t. 360. D. C. prod. 2. p. 7. — Mouriri, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 452. t. ISO. — Petaloma, Swartz, prod. p. 73. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 831. t. 14. Lix. SYST. Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx furnished with 2 scales at the base ; tube adhering to the ovary ; limb urceo- late, 5-clcft. Petals 5, broad at the base, inserted near the apex of the calyx, and alternating with its teeth, twisted in aestivation. Stamens 10, rather unequal. Anthers oblong, open- ing by 2 pores at the apex. Ovary nearly globose. ' Style fili- form. Stigma capitate. Berry globose, crowned by the coarc- tate toothed tube of the calyx, 1-4-celled, 1-4-seeded. — Gla- brous shruljs with nodose branches, opposite, feather-nerved, acute, quite entire, coriaceous leaves, and axillary peduncles. This genus is allied to Melastomacece, according to Richard, but according to R. Brown and E. Meyer it is intermediate between Myrtacece and MclastumacecE ; with the first it agrees in the elevated dots and feather nerves of the leaves, and with the last in the structure of the anthers. 1 M. MYUTiLLofoEs (Poir. diet. sc. nat. 33. p. 163.) leaves almost sessile, ovate, attenuated, oblique at the base ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered. \^ . S. Native of Hispaniola and Ja- maica, in woods in the lowlands. Petaloma myrtilloides, .Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 833. t. 14. — Sloanc, hist. 2. p. 78. t. 87. f 3. Flowers white. Berry ovate, black, 1, rarely 2-seeded, and 1- celled, ex Swartz. The bark is smooth and grey, with some very white spots, whence its name of silver-nood. The wood is hard, tough, heavy, and good for looms, handles, staves for oars, ScQ. Myrtle-like Silver-wood. CIt. 1823. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 2 M. Guiane'nsis (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 453. t. 180.) leaves on short petioles, ovate, acuminated, feather-nerved ; peduncles crowded in the axils of the leaves, 1 or few-flowered ; style fili- form, fj . S. Native of Guiana, in woods at the river Sinimari, where it is called Mourichira. Lam. ill. t. 3G0. Petaloma Mouriri, Swartz, fl. ind. occid. 835. Flowers yellow. Berry globose, yellow, dotted with red, 1-celled, 4-seeded. ex Aubl. Wood hard and whitish. Guiana Silver-wood. Clt. 1817. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 3 M. cauliflora (D. C. prod. 2. p. 7.) leaves nearly sessile, ovate, much acuminated, somewhat cordate at the base ; pedun- cles rising in umbellate fascicles from the old trunk. f; . S. Native of Brazil, in woods. Petaloma cauliflora. Mart. mss. Trunk straight ; branches horizontal. Petals white. Filaments of a rose white colour, ex Mart. Young fruit 5-celled, or only 2-4-celled from abortion. Stem-flowered S\\wtr-\sooA. Tree 10 to 12 feet. 4 M. oRANBiFLORA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 8.) leaves on short petioles, ovate, acuminated, feather-nerved ; peduncles short, few-flowered, crowded at the axils along the branches ; style compressed. Ij . S. Native of Para, in Brazil. Petals oval, attenuated at the base, thick, rather coriaceous. Anthers large. Grcat-flowercd Mouriria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. ■j- Species not sufficiently known. 5 M. Mexica'na (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 8.). ^ . S. Native of Mexico. Like M. Guia- nensis, hut the petals are rose-coloured; anthers hardly acute at the base, and the berries are red and 4-celled. Mexican Silver-wood. Shrub. Cull, See Memecylon for cidture and propagation. Order LXXXIX. CO.MBRETA^CE.E (plants agreeing with Combrctum in important characters). R. Br. nov. holl. I. p. 351. in a note. Rich, in diet, class. 4. p. 353. D. C. diss. ined. in soc. hist. nat. gen. prod. 3. p. 9.— Myrobal^neae, Juss. diet, sci. nat. 31. p. 458. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely polygamous from abortion. Calyx with the tube adhering to the ovary (f. 88. a.) ; and with a 4-5-lobed (f. 88. e. c. f. 89. a.) limb, which falls off as the flower decays. Petals sometimes wanting (f. 88. e.), but usually 656 COMBRETACE^. I. Bucida. 4-5 (f. 89. b.), inserted near the top of the tube of the calyx, and ahernating with its lobes (f. 89. b.). Stamens inserted in the tube of the calyx (f. 88. c. f. 89. a.), usually double the number of the lobes of the calyx (f. 89. c), rarely equal or triple that number ; filaments exserted, free, filiform or subulate ; anthers 2-celled, bursting lengthwise. Ovary 1-celled, 2 (f. 88. a.)-5 (f. 89. e.) -ovulate ; ovula pendulous from the apex of the ova- rium. Style 1, slender (f. 88. d. f. 89. d.). Stigma simple. Fruit drupaceous, baccate or nucamentaceous, 1-celled, inde- hiscent, 1-seeded from abortion, and usually furnished with lon- gitudinal wings. Seed pendulous, filling the cavity of the peri- carp, exalbuminous. Embryo straight, having the radicle directed to the hylum, with an inconspicuous plumule, and foliaceous cotyledons, which are sometimes flattlsh and reflexed by a middle plait, but usually convolute, that is, spirally folded round the axis, continuous with the radicle. — Trees or shrubs, for the most part natives within the tropics, with alternate or opposite, exstipulate, feather-nerved, entire leaves, and axillary or terminal spikes or racemes of flowers. CombretaceeB agrees with Myrtacece, in the structure of the embryo ; in this respect it also accords with Rhhophorece ; and with Alangiece, and Onagrariece, in the general structure of the flower. With Eledgncce and Santalcicece, the apetalous genera agree in many important particulars. The properties are mostly astringent. Combretum and Quisqualls are among the most splendid of the climbing plants of the tropics, adorning the trees from which they hang with garlands of white, crimson, and yellow flowers. The bark of Bucida Biiceras is used with success in Guiana for tanning leather. The juice of Terminalia vernix is employed by the Chinese as a varnish ; it is, however, caustic, and its ex- halation dangerous ; benzoin is the produce of Terminalia Ben- zoin. The kernel of several species is eaten as a nut, and the expressed oil has the remarkable quality of not becoming rancid. SynojJsis of the genera. Tribe I. Terminalie'/e. Flowers apetalous. 1 BucfoA. Flowers hermaphrodite, apetalous. Calyx with an urceolate 5-toothed limb. Stamens 10. Drupe baccate, con- taining an angular putamen. 2 Agathisa'nthes. Flowers dioecious, apetalous. Calyx 5-parted. Stamens 10. Drupe baccate, umbilicate, containing a compressed 1-seeded nut. 3 Termina'lia. Flowers usually polygamous from abortion, apetalous. Calyx campanulate, 5-eleft (f. 88. a.) Stamens 10 (f 88. c). Drupe crowned by the calyx, usually dry and I- seeded (f. 87. a. b.). 4 Penta'ptera. All as in Terminalia, but differs in the fruit being furnished with .5-7 vertical exserted wings. 5 Getonia. Flowers hermaphrodite, apetalous. Calyx cam- panulate, 5-parted. Stamens 10. Fruit ovate, oblong, crowned by the calyx, pentagonal. •> Chuncoa. Flowers apetalous, some hermaphrodite, and some male. Calyx 5-cleft. Stamens 10. Fruit drupaceous. 5-angled ; angles winged, two of the wings larger than the rest. 7 Ramatue'lla. Flowers unknown. Fruit 5-angled ; angles winged at the apex. 8 Conoca'rpus. Flowers hermaphrodite, apetalous. Calyx 5-cleft. Stamens 5-10. Fruit corky, scale-formed, closely im- bricated into a head resembling a cone. Tribe II. Combre'te.e. Flowers with 4 to 5 petals. 9 Laguncula'ria. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-cleft, permanent. Petals 5, minute. Stamens 10, inclosed. Fruit marginate, coriaceous, crowned by the calyx. 10 Guie^ba. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx tubular, 5- toothed. Petals 5, small. Stamens 10. Capsule narrow, pentagonal. 1 1 Combre'tum. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx cylindrical (f. 89. a.) or campanulate, 4-5-toothed. Petals 4-5 (f. 89. 6.). Stamens 8-10. Fruit narrow, oval, furnished with 4-5 vertical wings (f. 89. e.). 12 Cacoucia. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx campanu- late, 5-toothed. Petals 5. Stamens 10-14. Fruit ovate, 5- angled, pulpy inside. 13 Lumni'tzera. Flowers hermaphrodite, with 2 bracteas under each. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Petals 5. Stamens 10. Fruit dry. 14 QuisauA'Lis. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft. Petals 5. Stamens 10. Fruit dry, 5-angled. "j" Genera not sufficiently knomi. 15 Cerato'stachys. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx with an entire limb. Petals 8, small. Stamens 8-lG, unequal. Drupe baccate, crowned by the limb of the calyx. 16 Bruguie'ra. Flowers hermaphrodite. Tube of calyx furnished with 2 scales in the middle. Petals 5. Stamens 10. Ovarium adnate to the calyx, containing 4 pendulous ovula. Fruit unknown. 17 Bobu'a. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5. Stamens 20-30. Fruit ovate, few-seeded. Tribe I. TERMINALIE'^ (plants agreeing with Terminalia in having apetalous flowers). D. C. prod. 3. p. 9. — Myrobalanea, Juss. in ann. luus. 5. p. 222. — Terminaliilceae, Jaum. exp. fani. 1. p. 178. t. 29. — EIeagn6rum, gen. Juss. gen. p. 75. Flowers ape- talous, usually dioecious or polygamous. I. BUCrDA (from jiovQ, bous, an ox ; Dr. Browne had named this tree biiceras, from povg and Kcpac, from the shape of the process terminating the spike of flowers resembling a bull's horn). Lin. gen. 541. Lam. ill. t. 356. Gsertn. fruct. 3. p. 208. t. 217.— Buceras, P. Browne, jam. t. 23. f. 1.— Hudsonia, Robins, in Lun. hort. jam. 2. p. 310. but not of Lin. LiN. SYST. Dccdndria, Monogynia. Flowers hermaphrodite. Limb of calyx urceolately-campanulate, 5-toothed, deciduous. Pe- tals wanting. Stamens 10, inserted by 2 series, 5 at the base of the limb, and the 5 longest inserted between the incisures of the calyx. Anthers didymous. Style subulate, acute. Drupe baccate, containing an angular putamen. Ovula 3. Seed 1, COMBKETACE.E. I. Bucida. II. Agathisantiies. III. Terminalia. 657 cylindrically oblong. — West India trees, with scattered leaves, crowded at the tops of tlic branches. Peduncles axillary. Flowers disposed in spikes or heads. 1 B. BUCERAs (Lin. spec. Sod.) leaves ovate-cnneilbrm, ob- tuse, glabrous ; flowers disposed in cylindrical spikes, densely clothed with adpressed silky ])ubeseence. '; . S. Native of the West Indies, in low swampy clayey lands near the coast. Flowers small, yellowish. Sloane, hist. 'Z. t. 189. f. 3. Browne, jam. t. 23. f. 1. Lam. ill. t. 356. The ends of the branches some- times shoot out into a monstrous spongy excrescence, like an ox's horn, probably formed by insects ; hence the specific name. Browne says this tree is remarkable for its slender crooked branches, and the tufted disposition of the leaves, that it grows to a considerable size, is reckoned an excellent timber tree, and that the bark is greatly esteemed by tanners. In Jamaica it is called Black olive, in Antigua French oak, and in the French Islands Grignon. Oa:-/iO)-n Olive-bark-tree. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1793. Tr. 20 to 30 feet. 2 B. ANGUSTIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 10.) leaves cuneiform, obtuse, glabrous ; flowers disposed in cylindrical spikes, clothed with rufous velvety down. Ij . S. Native of Guiana. This species comes very near to Bucida biiccras, but the leaves are not half so broad, and on shorter petioles, and the spikes are more numerous from the same knot, and the stamens are more exserted. A'arroji'-Zfoverf Olive-bark-tree. Tree 20 feet. 3 B. capita'ta (Vahl. eel. 1. p. 50. t. 8.) leaves cuneiform, bluntish, with villously ciliated margins ; flowers disposed in subglobose capitate spikes. h . S. Native of Mont Serrat, Porto Rico, St. Domingo, and Jamaica. Hudsonia, Robins in Lun. hort. jam. 2. p. .310. and Sloan, hist. 2. p. 176. t. 228. f. 3. Flowers yellowish. Bracteas villous. Calyxes glabrous. Cajiitafe-Aoweied Olive-bark-tree. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 4 B. Megapota'mica (Spreng. syst. append, p. 177.) ra- cemes subcorymbose ; bracteas silky ; calyxes woolly ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, rather mucronate. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, at the Rio Grande. Rio Grande Olive-bark-tree. Tree. Cult. The species of Bucida grow best in a mixture of loam and peat, and cuttings of well-ripened wood strike freely, if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them, in heat. II. AGATHISA'NTHES (from uyadig, agatlns, a round head, and ayOog, anthos, a flower; in reference to the flowers being disposed in pedunculate heads). Blum, bijdr. p. 045. D. C. prod. 3. p. 10. Lin. syst. Dioecia, Decdndria. Flowers dioecious, apeta- lous. Calyx of the male flowers 5-parted, with the lobes con- niving imbricately. Stamens usually 10 ; filaments very short, inserted in a flat disk ; anthers didymous. Calyx of the female flowers with a short 5-toothed limb. Style short, bifid, perfo- rating the flat disk. Ovary 1-ovulate. Drupe baccate, unibi- licate, containing a 1 -seeded com])ressed nut. Embryo exal- buminous, inverted. — A tree 120 feet high, with crowded, oblong, quite entire, coriaceous leaves ; and axillary and lateral, solitary or twin stalked heads of flowers. This genus is intermediate between Bucida and Ciratostachys. 1 A. Java'nica (Blum. 1. c). Ij . S. Native of Java, in woods on the higher mountains on the west side of the island, where it is called by the natives Ilirung. Java Agathisanthes. Tree 120 feet. Cult. See Bucida for culture and propagation. III. TERMINA'LIA (from terminus, end; so named from the leaves being in bunches at the ends of the branches, in- VOL. II. termixed with spikes of flowers). Lin. mant. 21. Jacq. coll. 1. p. 130. D. C. prod. 2. p. 10. — Catappa, Myrobalaniis, and Badamia, Gaertn. — Tcrminiilia, Pamia, Taniboiica, and Fatra;^a, Juss. LiN. SYST. Polygamia, Monwcia. Flowers usually poly- gamous from abortion. Limb of calyx campanulate (f. 88. c. <•.), deciduous, 5 -cleft ; lobes acute. Petals wanting. Stamens 10, inserted by 2 series, longer than the calyx. Ovary biovu- late (f. 88.' a.). Style filiform, acutish (f. 88. d.). Drupe not crowned by the calyx, usually dry, indehiscent, 1 -seeded. Seed amygdalaceous. Cotyledons spirally convolute (f 88. b.). — Tropical trees and shrubs, with alternate leaves, usually crowded at the tops of the branches. Flowers disposed in spikes; spikes racemose or panicled ; the flowers in the lower part of the spikes hermaphrodite, in the upper part male. This genus is divisible by the fruit, but that in most of the species being unknown, the greater part of them remain in uncertain divi- sions. Those species with a 4-cleft calyx and 8 stamens ought probably to be excluded from the genus. Sect. I. Cata'ppa (the Molucca name of T. Caldppa). Gcertn. fruct. 2. p. 206. t. 127. and 3. p. 207. t. 217. — Termi- nilia, Lam. ill. t. 848. Drupe compressed, winged at the mar- gins (f. 87. a.), or much attenuated, containing a woody putanien. 1 T. Tanibou'ca (Smith, in Rees' cycl. vol. 35. no. 11.) leaves elliptic, acuminated at both ends, quite entire, when young rather pubescent, when adult smooth ; petioles glandless. I; . S. Na- tive of French Guiana. Lam. ill. 848. f. 3. R. Br. prod. nov. hoU. 1. p. 351. Tanibouca Guianensis, Aubl. guian. 1. t. 178. Catappa Guianensis, Ga;rtn. fruct. 3. p. 207. t. 217. Tani- bouca is the Guiana name of the tree. Tanibouca Terminalia. Tree 25 feet. 2 T. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 100.) leaves linear-lance- olate, rather repand, at- tenuated at both ends, pubescent beneath and on the petioles, or pilose ; petiole furnished with 2 glands at the apex, f; . S. Native of the East Indies. CrotonBen- zoe, Lin. mant. 297. T. Benzoin, Lin. fil. suppl. Lam. diet. 1. p. 349. Catappa Benzoin, Gaertn. fr. 2. p. 206. t. 127. T. Benzoe, Pers. Branches in whorles. This tree produces one kind of benzoin ; it is procured by wounding the tree ; it is composed of large white and light brown pieces, breaking very easily between the hands. When gently dried it forms a white powder, for- merly in great request as a cosmetic. Its scent is one o( the most agreeable. But the most striking ingredient of this resin is the benzoic acid. Narrvw-lcaved Terminalia. Clt. 1 G!)2. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 3 T. ve'rnix (Lam. diet. 1. p. 350.) leaves linear-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, glabrous as well as the branches and pe- tioles. % . S. Native of the Moluccas. A'bor vernicis, Rumph. anib. 2. p. 259. t. 86. Perliaps the petiole is furnished with 2 glands. The juice of the tree is employed in the countries of its natural growth as a varnish. Varnish Terminalia. Tree 15 feet. 4 T. Maukitiana (L.im. diet. 1. p. 34;). ill. t. 848. f. 2.) leaves oblon"--lanceolate, allenuated at both ends, rather repand, glabrous ; petiole furnished with 2 glands at the top. h^ . S. Native of the Mauritius and Bourbon, where a resin is collected 4 P FIG. 87. 658 COMBRETACE^. III. Terminalia. from the tree similar to Benzoin. T. angustifolia, Pet. Th. obs. pi. afr. austr. 19. Catappa Mauritiana, Gaertn. fil. 3. p. 207. exclusive of the synonyme of Aublet. Mauritian Terminalia. Tree 40 to 50 feet. 5 T. Cata'ppa (Lin. mant. 519.) leaves obovate, tapering to the base, pubescent beneath ; glands small, situated at the Ijase of the leaves on the under surface at the sides of the middle nerve. >2 . S. Native of the East Indies, and now cultivated in many of the West India islands. Jacq. icon. rar. l.t. 197. Lam. ill. t. 848. f 1. Adamarum, Rheed. mal. 4. t. 3. and 4. Fruit ovate-roundish, compressed. Leaves obtuse, and somewhat acu- minated. Drupe about 3 inches long, egg-shaped, containing an oblong kernel, which has the taste of an almond, and may be used for the same purposes, but it does not contain so much oil. Within the tropics the trees are commonly planted near houses in avenues, and seats are placed under them, for the enjoyment of the close extensive shade they afford. The timber is light and lasting, and is useful for many purposes. The bark and leaves yield a black pigment, with which the Indians dye their teeth, and Indian ink is made. Blume describes his T. Catappa (bijdr. p. 640.) as having the leaves cordate at the base, obsoletely crenulated, gla- brous, and rather pubescent on the mid-rib beneath. Far. ft, subcordala (Willd. spec. 4. p. 968.) leaves obovate, rather cordate at the base, obtuse, pubescent beneath, or gla- brous in the adult state ; glands small, situated at the base of leaves beneath, at the sides of the middle nerve. I2 • S. Na- tive of the West Indies, but only perhaps cultivated there. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 113. T. intermedia, Bert, ex Spveng. syst. 2. p. 359. Hardly distinct from the species. Catajrpa Terminalia. Clt. 1778. Tree 20 to40 feet. 6 T. MoLLUCA^NA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 349.) leaves obovate, obtuse at the base, and biglandular, quite entire, glabrous on botii surfaces in the adult state, standing on short petioles, f; . S. Native of the Moluccas and East Indies. Catappa, Rumph. amb. 1. p. 174. t. G8. This species differs from T. Catai^pa in the flowers being usurdly double the size, in the disk being large and villous, and in the drupe being larger and hardly crested. Molucca Terminalia. Clt. 1804. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 7 T. glabra'ta (Forst. prod. p. 389. pi. escul. p. 52.) leaves obovate, cuneated at the base, quite entire, glabrous on both surfaces ; petioles longish, pubescent. Ij . S. Native of the Friendly and Society Islands. Spreng. antiq. hot. t. 2. Accord- ing to Forster, this species differs from T. Catappa in the leaves being glabrous beneath, and not above half the size, and in the nut being very much smaller, oval, less fiuTowed, never margi- nate, but acute, compressed, and membranous, and as if it was appendicvdated at the apex. In the South Sea islands this tree is cultivated near the huts and in the burial-places. In the lan- guage of Otaheite it is named Auwira or e-Tara-iri and c-Tara- heimi, and is accounted sacred to their idols. The wood is used in building boats, and in making drums, benches, Sec. The kernels are eaten and have the flavour of almonds. Smooth Terminalia. Tree 30 to 50 feet. 8 T. Januare'nsis (D. C. prod. 3. p. 11.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, quite entire, or crenately repand ; peduncles lateral, few-flowered ; drupe compressed, quadrangular, winged. T2 . S. Native of Brazil, on Mount Cercovado, near Rio .Taneiro. Ca- tappa Braziliensis, Raddi, quar. piant. add. p. 26. f. 6. in act. soc. ital. 1820. vol. 18. p. 414. but not T. Braziliensis of Spreng. Perhaps a species of Covihretum. Rio Janeiro Terminalia. Tree 6 to 10 feet. 9 T. FAOiFOLiA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 42. t. 29.) leaves in fas- cicles, ovate, or oval-oblong, acutish, mucronate, glandless, clothed with silky villi on both surfaces ; spikes naked at the base, axillary, crowded with flowers, shorter than the leaves ; drupe large, furnished with 2 wings. Pj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, where it is called Caxapora de Gcnlio. Nectary fleshy, plicately 5-lobed at the base of the style. Beach-leaved Terminalia. Tree 1 0 to 30 feet. 10 T. lanceola'ta (Mart. I.e.) leaves in fascicles, ovate-lan- ceolate, acutish, mucronate, clothed with silky pubescence. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia. Said to be like the preceding, but the branches are slenderer, epidermis thinner, and the leaves are lanceolate, green, and tapering more to the base. Lanceolate-leaxeA. Terminalia. Shrub 8 to 10 feet. 11 T. arge'ntea (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 43.) leaves opposite, ovate, acuminated, pubescent above, and shining and silky be- neath. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia, at Villa do Rio da Contas. A yellow resinous juice flows from this tree, which is used instead of gamboge by the inhabitants. Silvery Terminalia. Tree. 12 T. sERi'cEA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 243.) leaves oblong, acuminated, quite entire, glandless, clothed with silky silvery FIG. 88. down ; flowers disposed in dense heads. I^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Minas Geraes and Goyaz. Drupe winged. Silky Terminalia. Tr. 20 ft. 13 T. austra'lis (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 240. t. 128.) leaves lanceolate, tapering into the pe- tiole at the base, acute, quite en- tire, glandless, smoothish; flowers corymbose, on long peduncles. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers yellowish. Drupe winged on each side. (f. 88.) Southern Terminalia. Tree. 8 to 10 feet. Sect. II. Myroba'lanus (pi/po/SaXaioc, a name under which Dioscorides speaks of an Egyptian tree, whose fruit yields a perfuimed liquor, from fivgov, myron, perfume, and paXuioc, halanos, a nut). D. C. prod. 3. p. 12. — Myrobalanus and Ba- damia, Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 90. t. 97. — Myrobalanus, Lam. ill. t. 849. Drupe ovate or a little compressed, dry or baccate, containing a roundish, angularly-furrowed putamen. 14 T. obova'ta (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 241.) leaves obovate- oblong, narrowed into the petiole at the base, mucronidate, quite entire, glandless, smoothish ; flowers corymbose, on long pedun- cles. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, on the mountains called Serra Negra, where it is called Caras- cos. Drupe ovoid, attenuated at both ends. 06oDa(e-leaved Terminalia. Tree 20 feet. 15 T. adama'ntum (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 241.) leaves ob- long, narrowed at the base, rounded at the apex, and mucro- nulate, quite entire, glandless, pubescent ; spikes naked at the base, but dense-flowered above the middle. 1^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, in the Distrito Diamantes. Adamant Terminalia. Tree. 16 T. LATiFoLiA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 747.) leaves alter- nate, obovate, tapering to the base, obtuse, and almost en- tire, glabrous on both surfaces, glandless. f; . S. Native of Jamaica, in all the great inland woods. Racemes length of leaves. Drupe ovate, acuminated, boat-shaped, fleshy, coria- ceous. Nerves of young leaves as well as the petioles covered with very short velvety down. Calyxes pubescent. Var. /3, dicholoma (Meyer, esseq. 177.) flowers woolly. H . S. 1 COMBRETACEiE. III. Terminalia. G.)9 Native of Guiana, in tlie island of Arowabisch, in woods. Pro- liably a distinct species. ^)on(/- fe«iY'(i Terminalia. Clt. ISOO. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 17 T. Bengale'nsis (Roxb. liort. bcng. y>. 33.) leaves alter- nate, obovate, obtuse, quite entire, glabrous on both surfaces, fjlandless as well as the petioles. Ij . S. Native of Bengal. T. rot;\ta, Roxb. in herb. Lamb. Perhaps T. myrobdlana, Roth, is referrible to this species. yjt'Hnro/ Terminalia. Tree 100 feet. 18 T. Belle'kica (Uoxb. cor. !.'. p. 5i. t. 198.) leaves alter- nate, elliptic, quite entire, acutish at both ends, glabrous, on long petioles ; petiole furnished with 2 small, opposite, or subalter- nate glands at the apex. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies, on the mountains. IMyrobiilanus Bellerica, Broyn. icon. 18. t. 4. Gocrtn. fruct. 2. p. 'JO. t. 97. Tani, Rheed. mal.4. t. 10. Drupe ovate, bluntly pentagonal, fleshy. Flowers fetid. A quantity of insipid gum like gum-arabic issues from this tree when wounded. The kernel of the nut is reported to intoxicate if eaten in any great quantity. i?t//tWc terminalia. Clt. 1818. Tree 100 feet. 19 T. Che'blla (Retz. obs. 5. p. 31. Roxb. cor. 2. p. 52. t. 197.) leaves nearly opposite, ovate, acutish, petiolate, glabrous above in the adult state, but when young they are clothed with silky villi on both surfaces ; glands 2 at the top of the petiole, and many on the margin of the limb. ': . S. Native of the East Indies, on the mountains. Myrobalanus Chebula, Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 90. t. 97. Drupe ovate, bluntly angular, the alter- nate angles the largest ; flesh hard and brittle. Nut pen- tagonal. The outer coat of the fruit mixed witii salt of steel makes a very durable ink. The galls, called cadacay by the Tamuls, are found on the leaves of tiiis tree, and are probably produced by the punctures of insects on the tender leaves. With them and alum the best and most durable yellow is dyed, and in conjunction with ferruginous mud a black is procured from them. (7(c'6h/« Terminalia. Clt. 1796. Tree 40 to 50 feet. 20 T. Ci'tkisa (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 33.) leaves alternate, ovate, acuminated, quite entire, glabrous, petiolate ; petioles furnished with 2 thick glands at the apex. T^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Myrobalanus citrina, Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 90. t. 97. Drupe ovate-oblong, tapering downwards, yellowish. OVroji-fruited Terminalia. Clt. 1 823. Tree 40 to 50 feet. 21 T. Arl'ta (Hamilt. mss. in herb. Lamb.) leaves alternate, elliptic, puberulous as well as the petioles, which are furnished with 2 or 3 opposite glands at the apex ; fruit obovate. Tj , S. Native of the East Indies. Anita Terminalia. Tree. 22 T. ni'tida (Roxb. in herb. Lamb.) leaves alternate, ellip- tic, tapering to both ends, acuminated at the apex, glabrous ; spikes axillary ; calyx very woolly inside. 1^ . S. Native of the East Indies. A/j . S. Native of the East In- dies. Terminalia Maradu, Hamilt. mss. in herb. Lamb. Maradu Pentaptera. Tree 50 ft. COMBRETACE^. IV. Pentaptera. V. Getokia. VI. Cuuncoa. VII. Ramatuella, &c. 661 8 P. gla'bra (Roxl). liort. beng. p. 34.) leaves nearly oppo- site, oblong or obovate-oblong, obtuse, glabrous, furnished with 2 glands at the base on the middle nerve, discoloured beneath ; panicle terminal, composed of spikes. I; . S. Native of the East Indies, where it is called Dclla-madoo. Glabrous Pentaptera. Tree 50 ft. 9 P. ala"ta (Banks, herb.) leaves elliptic-obovate, obtuse, and mucronate, glabrous, furnished with 2 glands at the base of the liitib ; branches, rachis, and calyxes drooping ; spikes on long peduncles, axillary or terminal, simple. Vj . S. Native of Tranquebar. fri'nn-ed-fruited Pentaptera. Tree 40 ft. + Species only known by name from Roxb. hort. bcng. p. 34. 10 P. coria'cea (Roxb.) Native of Coromandel, where it is called anemutti. Perhaps the same as Terminalia coriacca of Rottl. CoriflccoMi-leaved Pentaptera. Tree 40 ft. 11 P. biala'ta (Roxl).) Native of tlie East Indies. 7'n'0-»i'ina-erf-fruited Pentaptera. Tree 40 ft. Cult. See Bucida for culture and propagation, p. G57. V. GETO'NIA (the author does not say from whence this name is derived). Roxb. cor. 1. t. 87. Gaertn. fruct. 3. p. 210. t. 217. D. C. prod. 2. p. 15.— Calycopteris, Lam. ill. t. 357. Poir. suppl. 2. p. 41. Lin. syst. Decandria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx perma- nent, campanulate, cleft almost to the base into 5 parts ; lobes lanceolate, 3-nerved. Petals wanting. Stamens 10, exserted, disposed in 2 series, shorter than the calycine lobes, 5 inserted at the recesses of the lobes, and the other 5 inserted in the bot- tom of the calyx. Anthers orbicular, didymous. Style filiform, obtuse, pubescent. Nut roundish, ])entagonal, crowned by the calyx, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded. — Climbing shrubs, with opposite ovate acuminated leaves, on short petioles, full of small resinous dots beneath. Racemes axillary, or constituting a terminal panicle. 1 G. floribu'nda (Roxb. cor. 1. t. 87.) leaves ovate, acute, pubescent above, and clothed with rusty tomentum beneath ; panicle terminal. ^ . ^. S. Native of Malabar. Roth. nov. spec. 216. Perhaps the same as Calycopteris floribiinda. Lam. ill. t. 357. a native of Madagascar, which, according to Poir. suppl. 2. p. 41. has glabrous leaves. Bundle-Jlonered Getonia. CIt. 1815. Shrub cl. 2 G. nu'tass (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 33.) leaves ovate, ending in a long abrupt acumen, glabrous above except the nerve, pu- bescent beneath ; racemes for the most part axillary, longer than the leaves. h.^.S. Native of the East Indies. G. m'tida. Roth. nov. spec. 217. Flowers nearly twice the size of those of the preceding species. I'ar. ji, brachystaclnja (D. C. prod. 3. p. 15.) leaves ovate, acute, glabrous above except the nerve, pubescent beneath ; racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves. Jj . S. Native country unknown. Perhaps a variety of G.Jloribiinda, or per- haps a species. A^orfcfin^'-racemed Getonia. Clt. 1S16. Shrub cl. Cult. See Combritum for culture and propagation, p. 670. VI. CHUNCOW {Jrboldel Chunchu is the name of the first species in Peru). Pav. in Juss. gen. p. 76. (1789.) Poir. suppl. 2. p. 258. Girabernatia, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. prod. p. 138. t, 36. (1794). LiN. sYST. Decandria, Monogynia. Flowers some of them hermaphrodite, and others male. Limb of calyx 5-toothed, deci- duous. Petals wanting. Stamens 10, filiform, length of the calyx ; anthers roundish. Style filiform. Fruit drupaceous, oblong, coriaceous. 5-angled ; angles winged, the 2 opposite ones the largest. Seed one, pendulous. — Peruvian trees, with alternate scattered leaves, and axillary spikes or racemes of flowers ; those flowers at the base of the spikes hermaphrodite, and those at the apex male. The internal structure of the seeds is scarcely known. Ventenat doubts if the cotyledons are truly convolute. The genus is probably distinct from Tvrmimdui. 1 C. ouova'ta (Poir. 1. c.) leaves obovate, acuminated ; spikes pendulous; fruit 5-winged. t; . S. Native of Peru, at Cu- chera and Macora, where it is called Arbol del Chunchu. Gim- bernatia obovita, Ruiz et Pav. prod. 138. syst. 174. and .Spreng. syst. exclusive of the synonyme of Aublet. 06ofn/e-leaved Chuncoa. Tree 40 feet. 2 C. oblo'nga (Poir. 1. c.) leaves oblong; spikes crowded; fruit furnished with 2 wings. f; . S. Native of Peru, in woods at Pozuzi). Gimbernatia ohhinga, Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. Oblung-XcaMcA Chuncoa. Tree. 3 C. Brasilie'nsis (St. Ilil. fl. bras. 2. p. 244) leaves ob- ovate-oblong, quite entire, biglandular at the base ; spikes nearly sessile, many-flowered ; fruit pubescent. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Minas Geraes and Goyaz. Brazilian Chuncoa. Tree 20 ft. Cult. See Bucida for culture and propagation, p. 657. VII. RAMATUE'LLA {Ramaluelle is the vernacular name of the tree). D. C. prod. 3. p. 16 Ramatuela, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 253. t. 656. Lin. syst. and flowers unknown. Fruit coriaceous and woody, indehiscent, 1-seeded, 5-angled; angles winged above, and ending in a tapering beak at the apex. Seed ovate-sub- conical, marked by the raphe on one side. Cotyledons convo- lute.— A .shrub, having the leaves crowded by threes or fours at the tops of the branches, quite entire, coriaceous. Peduncles terminal, but at length lateral. Fruit sessile, crowded into heads. 1 R. arge'ntea (II. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) \ . S. Native of South Ainerica, on the banks of the river Atabapo. Leaves obovate-cuneated, glabrous above, and silky beneath. Silvery Ramatuella. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. Cult. See Bucida for culture and propagation, p. 657. VIII. CONOCA'RPUS (from kovoc, konos, a cone, and i.ap- TToe, karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the scale-formed fruit being so closely imbricated in a head as to resemble a small fir-cone). GEertn. fruct. 2. p. 470. t. 177. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 113. but not of Adans. — Conoearpus spec. Jacq. and Lin. — Rudbecliia, Adans. fam. p. 80. but not of Lin. Lin. syst. Penia-Decdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx 5- cleft, deciduous. Petals wanting. Stamens 5-10, exserted ; an- thers cordate. Ovarium compressed, biovulate. Style 1. Fruit corky, scale-formed, closely imbricated, indehiscent, 1-seeded. Seed pendulous. Cotyledons involute. — Shrubs, with alternate quite entire leaves, rarely nearly opposite ones. Heads of flowers pedunculate ; flowers crowded. Sect. I. Euconoca'rpus (from iv, eu, well or good, «.o>of, konos, a cone, and »;nf)7roc, karpos, a fruit ; this section contains those species whose fruit is so densely iniDricated as to appear like a fir-cone). D. C. prod. 3. p. 16. Fruit somewhat boat- shaped, hardly winged on the margins, awnless at the apex, im- bricated backwards. Tube of caly.\ not drawn out beyond the ovarium, with a sessile limb sealed oblicpiely on the ovary. 1 C. ERECTA (Jacq. amer. 78. t. 52. f. 1. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. .amer. 6. p. 118.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, thickish, glabrous, or when young rather downy, usually biglandular at the base ; heads of flowers panicled. V^ . S. Native of South America, West Indies, Tropical .\frica, and Asia, in sandy places near the sea or on banks of rivers, as far up as the tide reaches, and usually growing along with mangroves. — Sloane, hist. 2. p. 161. f. 2. — Cat. car. t. 33. 662 COMBRETACE^. VIII. Conocarpus. IX. Laguncdlaria. X. Guiera. XI. CojiBRETUir. Erect Conocarpus. Clt. 1752. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 2 C. procu'mbens (Jacq. amer. 79. t. 51. f. 2.) stems much branched, procumbent ; leaves obovate, glabrous ; heads pani- cled. Jj . S. Growing along with the last, and lying flat on the ground. C. erecta var. /3, procumbens, D. C. prod. 3. p. 16. Procumbent Conocarpus. Clt. 1730. PI. prostrate. 3 C. ACUTiFOLiA (Willd. in Roem. et Schultes. syst. 5. p. 574.) stems erect ; leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends ; heads of flowers solitary and axillary, or aggregate at the tops of the branches ; branches pubescent. T; . S. Growing along with the two preceding species. Acute-leaved Conocarpus. Clt. 1820. Shrub 5 to 8 feet. 4 C. sERi'cEA (Forst. in herb. Lher.) leaves oblong, acumi- nated at both ends, clothed with silky villi on both surfaces even in the adult state ; heads panicled. T^ . S. Native of South America ? C. erecta var. y sericea, D.C. prod. 3. p. 16. Silky Conocarpus. Shrub. Sect. II. Leiocarp.'e^a (from \ttoQ, Icios, smooth, and Kapwoe, karpos, a fruit). Fruit loosely imbricated backwards, amply winged on the margins, and ending in a short acumen at the ajiex. Tube of calyx stretched out a little beyond the ovarium. — African species. 5 C. leioca'rpa (D. C. prod. 2. p. 16.) leaves oval, glandless, glabrous, hardly pubescent on the nerve beneath ; heads axil- lary, pedunculate, solitary ; fruit quite glabrous. (; . S. Na- tive of Senegal and G.imbia. Smooth-fruited Conocarpus. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. Sect. III. Anogei'ssus (from ava, ana, upwards, and yua- rroy, geisson, a tile ; in reference to the scale-like fruit being imbricated upwards in the heads). D. C. prod. 3. p. 16. Fruit imbricated upwards, drawn out into a long acumen at the apex. Tube of calyx drawn out beyond the ovarium, and so slender as to give the limb the appearance of being pedicel- late.— Indian species. 6 C. acumina'ta (Ro.\b. hort. beng. p. 34.) leaves glandless ; heads axillary, pedunculate, solitary ; fruit clothed with adpres- sed villi. T7 . S. Native of the East Indies, where it is called panch-maun. Andersonia acuminata, Roxb. herb. Leaves el- liptic, acute, glabrous above, and clothed with adjjressed down beneath. Heads globose, shorter than the leaves. Acuminated Conocarpus. Shrub. f A species not sufficiently knorvn. 7 C. latifolia (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 34.) h . S. Native of the East Indies. Leaves glandless, quite glabrous, elliptic, apiculated by a mucrone. Heads solitary, globose, on short vel- vety peduncles. Perhaps the same as C. latifolia, Roxb. Broad-leaved Conocarpus. Shrub. Cult, See Bucida for culture and propagation, p. 657. Tribe II. COMBRETEiE (plants agreeing with Combrettim in the flowers being furnished with petals). Flowers hermaphrodite, with 4-5 petals and 8-10 stamens. IX. LAGUNCULARIA (meaning not explained). Gaertn. fruct. 3. p. 209. t. 217. D. C. prod. 3. p. 17.— -Spenocarpus, Rich. anal. fr. p. 92. — Conocarpus species of Lin. LiN. SYST. Decandria, Alonogynia. Limb of calyx perma- nent, somewhat campanulate, 5-toothed ; teeth obtuse. Petals 5, minute, spreading, caducous. Stamens 10, disposed in two series, inclosed. Style subulate. Stigma capitate. Fruit with 5 imequal ribs, coriaceous, crowned by the calyx, valveless, 1-seeded. Cotyledons convolute. Radicle very long. — A tree or shrub, with opposite leaves and opposite spikes of bractless flowers. Seed germinating within the nut. 1 L. bacemosa (Gaertn. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, obtuse, gla- brous ; flowers racemose; calyxes clothed with white tomentum. f; . S. Native of Guiana, Brazil, and the West Indies, in marshes by the sea side. Conocarpus raeemosa, Lin. spec. 251. Jacq. amer. 80. t. 53. Swartz, obs. 79. Schousboa commutata, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 332— Sloane, hist. t. 187. f. 1. Racemose-Row ereA Laguncularia. Clt. 1822. Sh. or tree. Cult. See Bucida for culture and propagation, p. 657. X. GUIE'RA {Guier is the name of the tree in Senegal). Juss. gen. 320. Lam. ill. t. 360. D. C. prod. 3. p. 17. Lin. syst. Decandria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx oblong, slender, somewhat cylindrical, with a tubular campanulate 5- toothed limb. Petals 5, oblong-linear, small. Stamens 10, ex- serted ; anthers globose. Ovary oblong. Style 1, filiform. Capsule narrow, pentagonal, 1 -celled, 1-5-seeded. Seeds hang- ing by a thread, oblong. Cotyledons convolute ? — A shrub, with opposite ovate entire leaves. Flowers crowded into spicate heads, sessile along the rachis, with large foliaceous bracteas at the base of the head of flowers, and other small ones at the base of the flowers. 1 G. Senegale'nsis (Lam. ill. t. 360. Poir. suppl. 2. p. 861.) P; . S. Native of Senegal. Leaves dotted beneath. Heads of flowers girded by a 4-leaved involucrum. Calycine tube or fruit bearded. Senegal Guiera. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. Cult. See Bucida for culture and propagation, p. 657. XL COMBRETUM (a name given by Pliny to a climbing plant, but to what plant is not at present known). Lncfl. itin. p. 308. Lin. gen. no. 457. Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 176. t. 36. G. Don, in Lin. trans. 15. p. 413. D.C. prod. 2. p. 18. iEHia, Adans. fam. 2. p. 84. — Poivrea, Comm. — Cristaria, Sonn. voy. ind. 2. t. 140. but not of Cav. Lin. syst. Octo-Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a 4-5- toothed (f 89. «.) deciduous limb. Petals 4-5 (f. 89. b.), inserted at the top of the calyx. Stamens 8-10, exserted. Ovary 2-5- (f. 89. e.) -ovulate. Style filiform (f. 89. etalletl Comhrclwm. Shrub cl. 5 C. KOTUNDiFOLiuM (Rich. act. soc. hist. uat. par. I. 791. p. 108.) climbing; leaves ovate-roundish, mucronatc, glabrous; spikes opposite, bractless ; flowers secund ? calyx glabrous on the inside. I; . ^. S. Native of Cayenne. Leaves of tlie branches oval, of the brancldets roundish. Calyx lepidotted on the out- side. Stamens very long, purple ? Fruit witl'. ample membra- nous wings. Round-leaved Combretum. Shrub cl. 6 C. macroca'rpum (Beauv. fl. d'ow. 2. p. 90. t. 118. f. 2.) fruit large, -i-winged ; wings deeply cordate at the apex. tj . ^. S. Native of the west coast of Africa, at Benin. Large-fruited Combretum. Sh. cl. § 2. Calyx tubular. Flowers disposed in terminal fascicles or umbels. 7 C. LEucopHY'LLtM (G. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1824. p. 344. and in Lin. trans. 15. p. 421.) erect, clothed with fulvous villi ; leaves oblong, mucronate ; racemes corymbose or umbel- late ; floral leaves white, and constituting an involucrum to the head of flowers, and with a linear white bractea to each flower ; petals lanceolate, obtuse, 4 times longer than the calyx. h . S. Native of Sierra Leone, not far from Free-town, and of Senegal at St. Louis. C. trigonoides, Perr. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 20. Flowers pedicellate, scarlet. Stamens scarlet, much longer than the petals, bearing black anthers. Jf'hile-leavcd Combretum- Sh. 4 to (i feet. 8 C. LANUGiNosuM (G. Don, in Lin. trans. 15. p. 422.) erect ; leaves orbicular, emarginate ; flowers in fascicles ; petals oval, crenulated, a little longer than the calyx. 1; . S. Native of .\bvssinia. Shrub branched, woolly. Stamens long. iyoolly Combretum. Sh. 4 to G feet. 9 C. puncta'tum (Blum, bijdr. p. 640.) climbing; leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, dotted on both surfaces ; spikes capitate, panicled, axillary, and terminal ; calyx villous inside. f; .^. S. Native of Java, on the mountains. £)otted-]ea\ed Combretum. Sh. cl. § 3. Calyx tubular. Spikes axillary, never terminal. 10 C. exte'nsum (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 28. G.Don, in Lin. trans. 1 5. p. 422.) climbing, glabrous ; leaves oblong or obovate, coriaceous ; spikes slender, short, solitary, dense-flowered ; pe- tals ovate, acute, shorter than the calyx. •; . ^. S. Native of the Moluccas. Flowers small, white. Stamens white, disposed in one series, mucli exserted. Stigma subcapitate. Exicndcd Combretum. Sii. cl. lie. herba'ceum (G. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1824. p. 344. and Lin. trans. 15. p. 423.) herbaceous, humble; stems sim])le, pubescent ; leaves alternate, lanceolate, mucronate, clothed with silky villi beneath, but glabrous above in the adult state ; peduncles twin, few-flowered ; petals ovate, acute, a little longer than the calyx. % . S. Native of Sierra Leone, com- mon in the low lands. Root woody. Flowers small, white. Stamens not much exserted. Herbaceous Combretum. Fl. Feb. Fl. 1 foot. 12 C. Dlartev\num (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 248.) leaves el- liptic, aciuninated, lepidotted on both surfaces ; spikes shorter than tlie leaves ; tube of calyx tetragonal ; branches glabrous ; petals lanceolate, very narrow at the base. Vj . ,_,. S. Native of Brazil, Limb of calyx funnel-shaped. Duarte's Combretum. Sh. cl. § 4. Calyx turbinalehj-campanulatc. Racemes axillary and terminal, panicled. Flowers pedicellate. 13 C. panicula'tum (Vent, choix. p. 58.) leaves oblong, ob- tuse; panicle terminal, branched, hairy; calyxes pubescent; bracteas very short ; flowers pedicellate. I; . ^. S. Native of Senegal and Sierra Leone. Flowers scarlet. /*fl/Wc/t'(/-flowered Combretum. Sh. cl. 14 C. spiNosu.M (G. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1824. p. 345.) erect, glabrous ; branches spinescent ; leaves on long petioles, oval, membranous ; flowers pedicellate ; ealycine teeth nearly obsolete ; petals oval, obtuse ; stamens not much e.xserted. Ij . S. Native of Sierra Leone, in the low lands. Flowers small, scarlet, collected into fascicles. Anthers black. Spinose Combretum. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 15 C. Smeatiima'nni (G. Don, in Lin. trans. 15. p. 425.) climbing, hairy ; leaves elliptic, acuminated, floral ones yellow ; bracteas very large ; racemes elongated ; flowers pedicellate. P; . ^. S. Native of Sierra Leone. Flowers solitary, in the axils of large bracteas. Stamens exserted. Smeathmann's Combretum. Shrub cl. § 5. Calyx lurbinately campanulate. Spikes axillary and terminal, usually disposed in the manner tf a panicle. IG C. e'legans (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 277. t. 129.) climbing ; leaves elliptic, acute, acuminated, puberulous above, and clothed with yellowish tomentum beneath ; spikes simple, on short pe- duncles; petals lanceolate, acute, hairy ; ealycine tube cylindrical. T; . ^. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes. Branches covered with yellowish tomentum. Petals yellow. Elegant Combretum. Shrub cl. 17 C. FARixosL'M (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 110. G. Don, in Lin. trans. 15. p. 425.) climbing, glabrous ; leaves elliptic-oblong, obtuse, rather coriaceous, rounded at the base, mealy beneatli ; spikes usually twin, many-flowered ; petals scale-formed; stamens very long. Jj . ^. S. Native of Mexico, between Acapulco and Venta del Exido. Flowers subsecund, orange-coloured. i)/ea/y Combretum. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1825. Sh. cl. IS C. FRANGUL.t;F()LiUM (H. B. ct Kuuth, uov. gcu. auicr. 6. p. 109. t. 538.) climbing, glabrous; leaves elliptic, lepidotted on both surfaces ; spikes solitary, rarely twin ; bracteas oblong, acute, villous ; petals crenated, rather fcui-shaped. »: . ^. S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco, near Angustura, and Cari- chana. Stamens long. Frangula-leai-cd Combretum. Shrub cl. 19 C. la'xlm (Jacq. amer. p. 101. and pfct. p. 53.) climbing, glabrous ; leaves ovate ; spikes erect, loose-flowered ; calyx pubescent ; petals roundish, shorter than the calyx. I? . ^. S. 664 COMBRETACE^. XI. Combretum. Native of the West India Islands. Lam. ill. t. 282. f. 1.— Loefl. itin. p. 308. Flowers small, white. Stamens long, inserted in the bottom of the calyx. ioosc-flowered Combretum. Shrub el. 20 C. Mexica'num (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. sequin. 2. p. 156. t. 132.) humble, glabrous ; young branches compressed ; leaves elliptic, membranous, rather cordate at the base ; spikes dis- posed in the manner of a panicle, clothed with rusty tomentum, short, many-flowered ; petals somewhat reniform, shorter than the calyx, h . S. Native of Mexico, near Acapulco, by the sea -side. Flowers sub-secund, with the petals and stamens white and the anthers yellow. Stamens 3-times the length of the calyx. Mexican Combretum. Shrub 6 feet. 21 C. OBTUsiFOLiuM (Rich. act. soc. hist. nat. par. 1791. p. 108.) leaves obovate, obtuse, quite glabrous; peduncles ter- minal and axillary, of many spikes ; branches clothed with rufous pubescence ; calyx pubescent ; stamens hardly exserted. Tj . S. Native of Cayenne. Leaves almost elliptic. Very like C. Ulcxicaiium. Obtuse-leaved Combretum. Shrub. 22 C. pulche'llum (Mart. mss. G. Don, in Lin. trans. 15. p. 4'38.) climbing, puberulous ; leaves elliptic, oblong, brown- ish beneath ; spikes disposed in the manner of a panicle ; calyxes and peduncles clothed with fuscous villi ; petals rather reniform, reflexed. Ij . ^. S. Native of Brazil, at the Rio Negro. Flowers small, scarlet. Petals a little longer than the calyx, reflexed. Stamens 3-times the length of the calyx. A^eai Combretum. Shrub cl. 23 C. Blgi (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 247. t. 130.) climbing; leaves elliptic, bluntly acuminated, glabrous ; calycine tube cy- lindrical ; spikes disposed in the manner of a panicle, on short peduncles; petals roundish. tj . ,_^. S. Native of Brazil, on the banks of the Rio St. Francisco, in the western part of the province of Minas Geraes, in the Certao or great desert, where it \s caWeA Bugi. Flowers polygamous; calyx downy; petals yellow. Bugi Combretum. Shrub cl. 24 C. RACEMosuM (Beauv. fl. d'ow. 2. p. 90. t. 118. f. 1.) climbing, glabrous ; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, shining ; panicle of many spikes ; spikes elongated, tufted at the apex ; petals lanceolate, obtuse. Tj . ^. S. Native of Benin, on the west coast of Africa. Flowers middle-sized, white, on short pedicels. Petals much longer than the calyx. Stamens very long. iJacemose-flowered Combretum. Fl. Feb. Jul. Clt.1826. Sh.cl. 25 C. a'lbidum (G. Don, in Lin. trans. 15. p. 429.) climbing, glabrous ; leaves on long petioles, oblong, obtuse, or somewhat orbicular, dotted and green above, and white beneath ; panicle of many spikes ; spikes crowded with flowers ; calyxes pubes- cent ; petals small. Ij . ^. S. Native of the East Indies. C. laxum, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 88. Stamens very long. White AnaxeA Combretum. Shrub cl. 26 C. NA^NUM (Hamilt. mss. inD. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 219.) humble, erect ; leaves oblong or ovate, obtuse, glabrous ; spikes simple and sometimes branched at the base ; calyxes pubescent; petals ovate, obtuse. Tj . S. Native of Nipaul. Flowers small, white. Stamens very long. Dwarf Combretum. Clt. 1 825. Shrub i to 1 foot. 27 C. Roxbu'rghii (G. Don, in Lin. trans. 15. p. 429.) climb- ing, glabrous ; leaves ovate, obtuse ; panicle composed of many loose-flowered spikes ; rachis and calyxes pubescent. Ij . ,^. S. Native of the East Indies. Leaves pubescent when young. Roxburgh's Combretum. Shrub cl. 28 C. odora'tum (Pav. mss. in herb. Lamb. G. Don, in Lin. trans. 15. p. 430.) climbing ; branchlets puberulous; leaves oblong or obovate-oblong, rounded, and somewhat emarginate at the apex, coriaceous, glabrous ; panicle composed of many spikes ; spikes crowded with flowers ; petals reniform. 1; . ^. S. Native of Guayaquil. Flowers red or scarlet. Stamens 3-times the length of the calyx. Sweet-scented Combretum. Shrub cl. 29 C. GLUTIKOSUM (Perr. in litt. D. C. prod. 3. p. 21.) un- armed, erect, arboreous, glabrous ; leaves somewhat verticillate, ovate, petiolate, coriaceous, mucronate ; racemes branched at the base or twin, elongated, bractless. Fj . S. Native of Sene- gal. Flowers yellow, on different branches from the leaf-bearing ones. Branches as well as the young leaves clammy. Clammy Combretum. Shrub. 30 C. pyramida'tum (Desv. in Hamilt. prod. fl. ind. occ. p. 35.) branches complanate, rather greyisli ; leaves obovate, some- wliat emarginate, raucronulate ; capsule pyramidal, with acute angles, not winged. ^2 • S. Native of Guiana. The rest un- known. Pyramidal-capsu\ed Combretum. Shrub. 31 C. pu'bekum (Rich, in act. soc. hist. nat. par. 1791. p. 108.) climbing, glabrous; leaves oblong, coriaceous, rather cor- date at the base, shining above ; panicle terminal, composed of many spikes ; branches, rachis, and calyxes clothed with rusty down ; stamens short ; bracteas setaceous. Tj . ^. S. Native of Cayenne. Flowers small. Downy Combretum. Shrub cl. 32 C. gla'brum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 19.) climbing, glabrous ; leaves elliptic, acuminated ; spikes disposed in a terminal pa- nicle ; bracteas tetaceous. Ij . ^. S. Native of French Guiana. Glabrous Combretum. Shrub cl. § 6. Calyx turbinately campanulate. Spikes axillary, never terminal. 33 C. TOMENTosuM (G. Dou. in edinb. phil. joum. 1824. p. 346. and in Lin. trans. 15. p. 430.) climbing, clothed witii fus- cous tomentum ; leaves oval, mucronate, smoothisii above in the adult state ; spikes loose-flowered ; petals oval, obtuse, a little shorter than the calyx ; stamens short. Ij . ,^. S. Native of Sierra Leone. Flowers small, white. Tomenlose Combretum. Shrub cl. 34 C. micra'ntiium (G. Don, in edinb. phil. joiirn. 1824. p. 347.) erect ; branches pubescent ; leaves oblong, bluntly mu- cronate, glabrous in the adult state ; spikes slender ; petals linear- cuneated, 4-times the length of the calycine teeth ; stamens not much exserted. Ij . S. Native of Sierra Leone. C. parvi- florum, Rchb. in Sieb. pi. exsic. seneg. no. 35. hort. hot. t. 62. Flowers small, red or scarlet, on short pedicels. Stamens very little longer than the petals. Small-flowered Combretum. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 35 C. MOLLE (R. Br. in append, to Salt. trav. G. Don, in Lin. trans. 15. p. 431.) climbing, villous; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, cordate at the base ; spikes elongated ; calycine teeth very short ; petals small ; stamens twice the length of the calyx, ij . ^. S. Native of Abyssinia. Soft Combretum. Shrub cl. 36 C. LATiEOLiuM (G. Dou, in Lin. trans. 15. p. 432.) climb- ing, glabrous ; leaves ample, coriaceous, oblong, acuminated, sometimes rounded; spikes short, crowded with flowers; calyxes pubescent ; petals obovate, obtuse ; stamens twice the length of the calyx. Vj . ^. S. Native of the East Indies. C. macro- phyllum, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 88. ? Flowers small, red. Broad-leaved Combretum. Shrub cl. 37 C. Chine'nse (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 28. G. Don, in Lin. trans. 15. p. 432.) climbing, and covered with rusty scales or dots ; leaves elliptic, acute at both ends, green above ; spikes loose-flowered ; petals small ; stamens but little exserted. h.^.G. Native of China. Flowers middle-sized, scarlet ? COMBRETACE^. XI. Comdretum. 665 Chinese Conibfetum. Slirub cl. .'58 C. vELLTrNUM (D. C proil. 3. p. 20.) leaves ovate, acu- ininalcd, clothed with soft villi on both surfaces as well as the branches and peduncles; spikes axillary, solitary, simple; pedi- cels very short. fj . S. Native of Brazil. Terminalia ar- gentea, Alart. bras. 1. p. 4,'3. ? Fruit large, l- winged, pubes- cent ; wings glabrous. Petioles hardly 2 lines long. Vclccty Combretuni. .Shrub cl. ? 39 C. pedicell.\'re (D. C. prod. 3. p. 20.) leaves oval-oblong, velvety, but especially beneath, as well as the branches, petioles, and pediuicles ; r.acemes axillary, solitary, simple ; pedicels about one half the length of the fruit. ^ • v^ ? S. Native of Brazil. Very like the preceding species, but the petioles and jjcdicels are half an inch long. Fruit ovate, acuminated, 4-winged, clothed with short, rufescent, lepidotted down. Pcdiccllcd Combretuni. Shrub cl. ? 40 C. a'ltum (Perr. in litt. D. C. prod. 3. p. 20 ) quite glabrous ; leaves elliptic, attenuated at both ends, smooth, quite entire, on short petioles ; racemes at the base of the branches ; fruit solitary, 4-winged, pruinose, or brownish purple between the wings, and lepidotted. I7 . ^ ? S. Native of Senegal, at the lake called Du Panier, 28 miles from St, Louis. Tall Combretum. Shrub cl. 41 C. mucrona'tim (Thonn. in herb. Vahl. ex herb. Puer. D.C. prod. 3. p. 20.) climbing ? branchlets pubescent; leaves on short petioles, elliptic, somewhat obovate, obtuse at the base, and acuminately mucronnte at the apex, glabrous, but with the petiole and nerve rather pubescent ; racemes pedunculate, elon- gated, braclless. h ■ \y S- Native of Guinea. Calyxes and racemes velvety. Fruit glabrous, with membranous wings. Not known whether it belongs to the present division of the genus or not. MucronateAeaxeA Combretum. Shrub cl. 42 C. Walli'ciiii (D. C. prod. 3. p. 21.) erect, glabrous; leaves opposite, petiolate, inucronately acuminated ; spikes pe- dunculate, axillarv, simple, shorter than the leaves, bractless. J; . S. Native of Nipaul. Flowers small, glabrous on the out- side and villous inside. Wallich's Combretum. Shrub. Sect. II. Poi'vrea (in honour of N. Poivre, intendent of the Mauritius in 17CG, a patron of botany). Poivrea. Comm. ined. Pet. Th. obs. pi. afr. aust. p. 28. D.C. prod. 3. p. 17. Cris- taria, Sonn. voy. ind. 2. t. 140. but not of Cav. — Gonocarpus, Hamilt. prod, but not of Thunb. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5. Stamens 10, exserted. Ovary 2-5, ovulate. Fruit with 5 wings. Cotyledons truly convolute. § 1. Calyx tubular. Spikes axillary and terminal, usually disposed in the manner of a panicle. 43 C. com6sum (G. Don, in edlnb. phil. journ. 1824. p. 344. and in Lin. trans. 15. p. 433.) climbing; branches pubescent; leaves elliptic, acute, somewhat cordate at the base, pubescent when young, but glabrous in the adult slate ; panicle of many spikes; spikes bearing a tuft of flowers at the apex; brac- teas lanceolate, acute ; petals spatulate, obtuse ; stamens long. \i . ^. a. Native of .Sierra Leone ; very common. Lindl. bot. rcg. 1 105. Flowers crimson or red. tufled-f\oKeTetivatioTi, and incloses the genitals. Petal 1, op- posite the petaloid limb of tlie calyx, inserted behind the fila- ment. Stamens, 1 fertile and 4 sterile ; these last are very short. Anther oblong, narrow, sagittate, 3-celled, ex .Martins. Ovary 1 -celled, oblong, biovulate. Style filiform. I'ruit unknown. — Trees, with opposite, oval, acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous, quite entire, feather-nerved leaves ; lateral nerves confluent be- 672 VOCHYSIE^. VI. Erisma. VII. Lozania. VIII. Agardhia. IX. Schweiggeria. RHIZOPHOREiE. fore the margin. Stipulas 2, small, at the base of each leaf. Panicle terminal, with opposite branches and branchlets, furnished with 2 unequal membranous deciduous bracteas to each ramifi- cation. 1 E. FLORiBUNDUM (Rudge, 1. c.) leavcs ovate, acutish, with 16-18 lateral nerves on each side, liaving the upper surfaces hardly shining; branches of panicle clothed with rusty velvety down. I7 . S. Native of French Guiana. Tratt. obs. bot. 3. p. 71. t. 105. Debrse'a floribunda, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 34. Ditmaria floribiinda, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 16. Petal violaceous. Bundle-Jlowcred Erisma. Tree 40 feet. 2 E. VIOLA CEUM (Mart. bras. 1. p. 137. t. 82.) leaves oblong, cuspidate, with 10-12 lateral distant nerves on each side; branches of corymbose panicle smoothish. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, in moist woods in Para. Qualea calcarata. Link, jahrb. gew. 1. 3. p. 24. Schultes, mant. 1. p. 53. Petal violaceous. Violaceous-TpeiaWcA Erisma. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 3 E. ni'tidum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 30.) leaves oval, acute, with 7-9 lateral nerves on each side, shining on the upper surface ; branches of panicle striated and glabrous. fj . S. Native of Cayenne, on the mountains of Roura near Kaw. Qualea lutea, Martin in Desf. herb. Petal yellow. Shining-\e?L\'eA Erisma. Tree 30 to 40 feet. Cult. See Vocliysia for culture and propagation, p. 670, f The following genera are hardly known, and very douhtful whether they belong to the present order. VII. LOZ.VNIA (evidently a proper name, and perhaps the name of some botanist known to Mutis). Seb. Mut. in sem. nov. granad. 1810. p. 20. D. C. prod. 3. p. 30. Lin. syst. Monaiidria, Monogijnia. Calyx with a somewhat ventricose tube, and a 4-parted limb ; lobes ovate, acute, spread- ing, permanent. Petals wanting. Disk quadrangular, filling the bottom of the calyx. Stamen 1, small, inserted obliquely under the ovarium, and tapering to the apex ; anther ovate, didynious. Ovary ovate. .Stigmas 3, small, subcapitate. Capsule ovate, trigonal, acuminated, 3-celled, 3-valved. Seeds 6, with usually 3 of them abortive, angular, inserted in the bottom of the cap- sule.— A tree, with alternate oblong serrated leaves, and spikes of flowers ; peduncles axillary, crowded ; pedicels furnished each with a linear bracteole at the base. 1 L. nemora'lis (Seb. Mut. 1. c.) Ij . S. Native of New Granada, in temperate parts. Grove Lozania. Tree. Cult. See Vochysia for culture and propagation, p. 670. VIII. AGA'RDHIA (in honour of Charles Agardh, a Swedish professor and writer upon Algse ; author of Synopsis Algarum Scandanaviae, Lund. 1817. 8vo. and other works on the same subject). Spreng. syst. 1. p. 4. D. C. prod. 3. p. 30. LiN. SYST. Mondndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 3 sepals. Petals 5, convolute. Stamen 1, bearing a large, 2-celled anther. Drupe oval, 3-celled, 3-valved. The rest unknown. Perhaps more nearly allied to Tercbintl.iiccce. It is a very doubtful genus. 1 A. crypta'ntha (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 17.) leaves ovate, acute, glabrous on both surfaces ; raceme terminal. Ij . S. Na- tive of Brazil. Hidden-Jlowercd Agardhia, Tree. 2 A. GRANuiFLORA (Spreng. 1. c.) leaves cordate, oblong, coriaceous, with parallel veins, discoloured beneath and villously tomentose ; racemes verticillate ; flowers villous, as well as the petioles and peduncles, wnich are glandular at the base. fj . S. Native of Brazil. Great-flowered Agardhia. Tree. Cult. See Vochysia for culture and propagation, p. 670. IX.? SCHWEIGGFRIA (in honour of A. F. Schweigger, author of Flora Erlangensis). Spreng. syst. 1. p. 167. D. C. prod. 3. p. 30. Lin. syst. Mondndria, Monogijnia. Calyx of 3 coroUine sepals. Petals 3, one of which is furnished with a spur, the other two erect and cartilaginous. Glands 5, ovate, surrounding the base of the stamen, which is columnar and triquetrous, and bearing an anther at the apex. Pistil none. Fruit unknown. — A little shrub, with the habit of Betula fruticbsa, with scat- tered, sub-fascicled, obovate, crenulated, glabrous leaves ; and axillary bibracteate pedicels. Flowers small, like those of a violet. This genus is hardly known. 1 S. FRUTicosA (Spreng. 1. c.) Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Shrubby Schweiggeria. Shrub. Cult. See J'ochysia for culture and propagation, p. 670. Order XCI. RHIZOPHOREiE (plants agreeing with Rhi- ^ophora or Mangrove in particular characters). R. Brown, gen. rem. p. 17. Cong. p. 18. D. C. prod. 3. p. 31. — Paletuviers, Savig. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 696. Tube of caly.x adhering to the ovarium (f 92. a. f.), except in the genus Cassipourea, which is free ; limb 4-13-lobed (f. 92. e.)\ lobes valvate in aestivation (but in Olisbea calyptriform). Petals inserted in the calyx (f. 92. c), and alternating with its lobes, therefore equal to them in number. Stamens inserted with the petals (f 92. d.), equal to them in number, or double or triple that number ; filaments free, subulate, erect ; anthers ovate, in- serted by the base, erect, but somewhat incurved in the genus Olisbea. Ovary adnate to the calyx (f. 92. a.), 2-celled ; cells 2 or many-ovulate ; ovula pendulous. Fruit indehiscent (f. 92. /.), 1-celled, 1-seeded, crowned by the calyx (f. 92. e.). Seed pendulous, exalbuminous. Embryo with a very long radicle and 2 flat cotyledons. — Tropical trees or shrubs, with opposite, sim- ple, entire, or toothed leaves, having the lateral nerves feathered when present. Stipulas interpetiolar. Peduncles axillary. From a consideration of the structure of Cardllia and Leg- notes, Mr. Brown has been led to conclude, that we have a series of structures, connecting Rhizophorets on the one hand with certain genera of Salicariece, particularly with Antheri- Uum, though that genus wants its intermediate stipulas, and on the other with Cunoniacece, especially with the simple- leaved species of Ceratopetalum. In the opposite leaves, in- terpetiolar stipulas, adnate ovarium, and polypetalous flowers, this order agrees with Vochysiece and Cunoniacece; in the val- vate calyx with Lythrariece and Cunoniacece ; and in the pen- didous ovulas with Combretacece. The genus Olisbea seems to come nearest to Memecylece. The species of Rhizophora or Mangrove are remarkable in tropical countries for growing upon the shores of the sea and rivers, even as far as low water. The seeds have the singular property of germinating while in- closed within the capsule, and adhering to their parent, and pushing forth a long fusiform radicle, which lengthens till it reaches and fixes itself in the mud in which the parent grows, and forms a new individual. These young plants never separate from the parent until they are fairly fixed and rooted, as other- wise they would be washed away by the tide. Where man- groves grow in abundance, the situation is always considered un- healthy, from their collecting a vast quantity of filth about their RMIZOPHORE/r.. I. Omsbea. II. Riiizoiiiora. G73 roots, from the flowing and ebbing of the tide. Tlie bark of lihhophora, which is very astringent, is used in India for dyeing black. Synopsis of the genera. § 1. A genus having its calyx in the form of a calyplra. 1 Oli'sbea. Calyx undivided before the expansion of the flower, but afterwards separating transversely, in one piece. Petals 5. Stamens 10. § 2. Rhizophbrcce verce. Tube of calyx adhering to the ovarium (f. 92. a.). 2 Rhizo'phora. Limb of calyx 4-13-lobed. Petals equal in number to the lobes of the calyx. Stamens double the num- ber of the petals. 3 Cara'llia. Limb of calyx 6-7-lobed (f. 92. e.). Petals G-7 (f. 92. c). Stamens twice the number of the petals (f. 92. d.). § 3. A genus niih the calyx free from the ovarium. 4 Cassipou'rea. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft. Petals 3, fringed. Stamens 20-40. 5 1. An intermediate genus between the orders Memecylea: and Rhizophdrece, having a calyptriform calyx. I. OLI'SBEA (from oXict/joc, olisbos, penis coriaceous ; in re- ference to the consistence of the anthers). D. C. prod. 3. p. 31. Lix. sYST. Decandria, Monogijnia. Calyx closed, ovate, acute, undivided before the expansion of the flower, but after- wards bursting transversely, and falling off in one piece. Petals 5. Stamens 10; anthers rather incurved, opening by a longi- tudinal chink. Style liliforni. Fruit and seeds unknown. — Shrub quite glabrous. Leaves oval, opposite, entire, acuminated, opaque, coriaceous, furnished with a longitudinal nerve, but without any lateral veins. Stipulas supra-axillary, connate at the base, and sheathing. Peduncles axillary, opposite, 1-flowered, articulated in the middle. This is a very doubtful but very singular genus, in the stipulas and habit being that of Rhizbphora, the form of the anthers that of Mouriria, and the calyx that of Caly])lran- this or Conostegia, but from all very different. 1 O. RHizoi'OR.CFoLiA (D. C. 1. c). ^ . S. Native of the West Indies, particularly in St. Vincent, where it is probably cultivated only in the botanic garden. Rhizophora-leavcd Olisbea. Tree. Cult. See CardlUa for culture and propagation, p. 674. § 2. RhizophbrecE vera. Tube of calyx adhering to the ovary. II. RHIZO'PHORA (piii'a, rhiza, a root, and cftopto, phoreo, to bear ; the species of this genus throw out roots from the branches in great abundance, which lengthen out until they fix themselves in the mud, and consequently one tree may, by these supports, spread over a large space, as every branch is supported by its own roots). Lin. gen. no. 592. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 212. t. 45. D. C. prod. 3. p. 31. — Rhizophora and Bruguiera, Lam. diet, et ill. t. 396. and 397. Lin. SYST. Telra-Icosdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx obovate, adhering to the ovarium ; limb with 4-13, oblong-linear, permanent lobes. Petals equal in number to the lobes of the calyx, oblong, furnished with 2 awns at the apex, convolute, and when young clasping the stamens, of which two are situated in the front of each petal, the stamens are therefore double the VOL. II. number of the petals. Anthers erect, ovate, inserted by the base. Ovarium 2-celled, when young containing many ])tri(lu- lous oviila. Style 1, bifid at the apex. Fruit indeliiscent, 1- seeded, crowned by the calyx. Seed small. Embrvo inverted, germinating in the seed, with the radicle gradually lengthening out until it fixes itself in the mud. — Glabrous shrubs, growing in great abundance on the shores of the sea and rivers within the tropics, throwing out numerous roots from every branch. Leaves opposite, coriaceous, quite entire. Peduncles axillary. * Floivers 4-petalled. Mangles, Plum. gen. t.\5. 1 R. Ma'ngle (Lin. spec. 634.) leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse ; peduncles 2-3-flowered, longer than the petioles ; fruit subulately clavate. (7 . S. Native of Louisiana, Mexico, West Indies, Guiana, Brazil, and west coast of Africa, on the shores of the sea and rivers. Jacq. amer. p. 141. t. 89. ed. pict. t. 132. Catesb. car. 2. t. 63. — Plench. icon. t. 359. Flowers octan- drous, pale yellow. P. Browne says the fruit germinates within the cup, and grows from the top downwards until it acquires a due degree of weight and perfection ; then it falls ofl', and as the root is always the thickest, and hangs lowest, it dro|)s in that direction, and is thus received in its natural position in the mud below, the leaves are immediately unfolded, and in a few minutes a perfect plant is seen, sometimes of 2 or 3 feet long, which soon begins to shoot its roots and push its growth like the parent plant. The lower branches frequently become the supporters of some species of oysters, which has given rise to the fabulous account of this shell-fish on trees as a fruit. The bark is most excellent for tanning leather. The decoction of it is a most powerful astringent. The wood is tough and durable. TV/ong/c or Common Mangrove. Clt. 1820. Tr. 12 to 15 ft. 2 R. candei.a'ria (D. C. prod. 3. p. 32.) leaves oval, acute; peduncles 1-3-flowered, very short and thickish ; fruit subulately clavate. Ij . S. Native of Malabar and the Moluccas, on the shores of the sea and rivers. Pee-kandel, Rheed. mal. 6. t. 34. Mangium. candalarium, Riunph. amb. 3. t. 71. and t. 72. The flowers are at first white, but at length changing to reddish, according to Rheede. Stamens 9-12. Perhaps this species is not different from R. Mangle. Chandelier or Malabar Mangrove. Tree 12 to 15 feet. 3 R. RACEMosA (Meyer, prim, esseq. 185.) leaves obovate- oblong or obovate ; racemes axillary, dichotomously panicled. ^ . S. Native on the shores of Guiana, near the Essequibo. Petals copper-coloured, pilose. Racemose-dowered Mangrove. Tree 12 to 15 feet. 4 R. mucrona'ta (Lam. diet. G. p. 169. ill. t. 396. f. 2.) leaves oval, abruptly acuminated ; racemes nodding, dichotomous. ^2.8. Native of the Mauritius. Petals oblong, obtuse ? Sta- mens 8. Ovary 4-sided, ex Poir. Afucrona^e-leaved Mangrove. Tree 12 to 15 feet. * * Floners of 5 petals. Kandelia (from Tsjcrou-Candel, the Malabar name of R. Candel). 5 R. Ca'npel (Lin. spec. 634.) leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, on short petioles ; peduncles twice bifid, much longer than the petioles. H. S. Nati\e of Malabar, in muddy places on the sea-shore. Tsjerou-Candel, Rlieed. nial. 6. t. S5. Flowers whitish. Sepals spreading, somewhat reflexed. Stamens 10- 15, exserted. Fruit cylindrical, long, acute. Candel Mangrove. "Tree 10 to 15 feet. 6 R. Timorie'nsis (D. C. prod. 3. p. 32.) leaves oval, obtuse, on long petioles ; peduncles length of petioles, bearing 10-15 flowers in a head. ^ . S. Native of Timor. Leaves 2 to 2^ inches long. Petioles 6-12 lines long. Flowers crowded. Lobes of calyx 5, oblong, stiff. Petals 5, biaristate at the apex, when young convolute and clasping 2 stamens each. 4 R 674 RHIZOPHORE^. II. Rhizophora. III. Carallia. IV. Cassipourea. Timor Mangrove. Tree 15 to 20 feet. * Flowers of 8 petals. — Kanllia, (from Kanil-Kandel, the Malabar name of R. cyl'indrica). 7 R. cyli'ndrica (Lin. spec. 634.) leaves oval, acuminated at both ends ; peduncles axillary, 1-2-flowered; lobes of calyx at length reflexed. Ij . S. Native of Malabar, in muddy places by the sea-side. Kanil-Kandel, Rheed. nial. 6. t. 33. Flowers white. Anthers red. Fruit cylindrical, from reddish to blue, 2-3 inches long, ex Rheed. Cylindrical-irmteA Mangrove. Tree 12 to 15 feet. 8 R. cARYOPHYLLOi^DES (Jack, mal. misc. 1. no. 2. p. 34.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute at both ends ; peduncles axillary, - 3-flowered, rarely dichotoniously 5-flovvered ; lobes of calyx at length spreading. Tj . S. Native of the Moluccas, Singa- pore, Pulo-penang. Radicle rather cylindrical, acutish. — Rumph. .imb. 3. t. 78. Clove-like Mangrove. Tree 12 to 15 feet. * * * Florvers of 10-13 petals. — Paletuviera, Pet. Th. — Bru- guiera, Lam. ill. t. 397. diet. 4. p. 696. but not of Pet. Th. 9 R. SEXANGULA (Lour. coch. 297.) leaves ovate -lanceolate ; pedicels 1-flowered, sub-terminal; fruit prismatic, hexagonal, obtuse, h . G. Native of Cochin-china, on the banks of rivers. Bruguiera sexangula, Steud. Bruguiera sexangularis, Spreng. Flowers red, of 10 petals. Petals ciliated. Hexagonal-irwiieA Mangrove. Tree 10 to 15 feet. 10 R. GYMNORHizA (Lin. spec. 634.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated at both ends, sliining; pedicels 1-flowered, deflexed, about the length of the petioles ; fruit terete, acute. ^ . S. Native of the Moluccas, East Indies, and Cochin-china. — Rheed. mal. 6. t. 31. 32.— Rumph. amb. 3. t. 63. 70, 71. Bruguiera, gymnorhlza, Lam. ill. t. 397. Flowers reddish-yellow, of 10- 13 petals. Roots naked above the earth. The bark is very astringent, and is used in India for dyeing rufous or chesnut colour, which is easily changed into a fine permanent black. NaJced-rooted^l2i\\gro\e. Tree 12 to 15 feet. •f- Species not sufficiently known, 11 R. conjuga'ta (Lin. spec. 634.) leaves ovate-oblong, bluntish ; flowers sessile ; fruit cylindrically subulate. T; . S. Native of Ceylon. Conjugate Mangrove. Tree. 12 R. Pa'lun (D. C. prod. 3. p. 33.) leaves oval-oblong, acuminated at both ends, alternate ; calyx S-lobed ; fruit cy- lindrical, striated. Tj . S. Native of the Moluccas, in marshes. — Rumph. amb. 3. t. 69. Palun Mangrove. Tree. 13 R. DECA NDRA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 36.). Native of the East Indies, where it is called Guran. Not described. Decandrous Mangrove. Tree. 14 R. CERATOPHYLLoipEs (Reeueh. nom.). Not described. Buckhorti-leaved-Wke Mangrove. Shrub. Cult. The species of mangrove are difficult, if not impos- sible, to cultivate in this country. They may be tried in a mix- ture of loam and sand, and kept moist with salted water. III. CARA'LLIA (Cardllie is the name of C. liieida, in the language of the Telingas). Roxb. hort. beng. p. 87. and cor. 3. t. 211. D. C. prod. 3. p. 33. Lin. syst. Dodceandria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx sub- globose (f. 92. a.); limb 6-7-lobed (i'. 92. e.) ; lobes triangular. Petals 6-7 (f 92. c), orbicular. Stamens 12-14 (f. 92. d.), equal in length with the petals. Ovary globose (f 92. «.), adnate to the calyx. Style length of stamens, crowned by a sub-urceolate, 3- lobed stigma (f 92. b.). Berry globose (f 92./.), 1-celled, crowned by the calyx (f 92. e.). Seed 1, reniform, rarely 2. — Ever- green, glabrous, Indian trees, with opposite, serrated, stiffish leaves, which are shining on the upper surface. Peduncles axillary, trifid, many-flowered. The genus Baraldeia of Pet. Th. see vol. 1. p. 808. now inserted in Rutacece, is allied to this genus, according to R. Br. congo. p. 18. 1 C. lance,ef6lia (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 87.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, acute, serrated, 3-times longer than broad. fj . S. Native of Sumatra. Lanceolate-leaved Cerallia. Tree 20 feet. 2 C. luci^da (Roxb. FIG. 92. cor. 3. t. 211.) leaves oval, acuminated, ser- rated, twice the length of the breadth. I^ . S. Native of the East In- dies, on the lower Cir- cars. Petals yellow, ra- ther undulated. Fruit the size of a large pea. Lucid Carallia. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet. 3 C. intege'rrima(D. C. prod. 3. p. 33.) leaves oval, acuminated, quite entire, twice the length of the breadth. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies. Perhaps only a variety of C. lucida. Quite-enlire-\eA\eA Carallia. Tree 20 feet. Cull. See Cassipourea for culture and propagation, p. 675. kZ. A genus with a free calyx, intermediate between Rhizo- jihurece and LythrariecE. IV. CASSIPOU'REA (Guiana name of C. GuianSnsis). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 529. t. 211. (1775.)— Tita, Scop. intr. p. 219. (1777.) — Legnotis, Swartz, prod. p. 84. (1788.) fl. ind. occ. p. 968. t. 1 7.— Richse'ia, Pet. Th. gen. nov. mad. no. 84. (1810.) but not of Lam. nor Browne. Lin. syst. Icosandria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate, 5- lobed ; lobes valvate in aestivation. Petals 3, inserted in the bottom of the calyx, attenuated at the base, fringed on the mar- gins at the apex. Stamens 20-40, inserted in the bottom of the calyx and shorter than it, disposed in a single series. Ovary hemispherical. Style permanent, longer than the stamens. Stigma obtuse. Fruit 3-celled, 3-valved, girded by the calyx ; cells 2-ovulate, but only 1 -seeded from abortion. Seed hang- ing from the top of the cell, half arillate at the base. Albumen fleshy. Embryo inverted, with flat cotyledons and an oblong radicle. — Trees or shrubs, with opposite, oval, acute, feather- nerved, short-stalked, entire, or toothed leaves. Stipulas lan- ceolate, between the leaves. Flowers axillary, crowded ; pedicels 1-flowered, bracteate at the base. — This genus agrees with Rhi- zophdrcce in the stipulas, and especially with the genus Carallia. It agrees with Lythrarlcie in the free calyx ; but from both orders it differs in the albuminous seeds. Perhaps a proper order. 1 C. macrophy'lla (D. C. prod. 3. p. 34.) leaves ovate, ob- tuse at the base, on short petioles, acuminated at the apex, and with the margins bluntly repand ; flowers sessile ; petals pinna- tifidly jagged. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Para. Legnotis macrophylla. Mart. herb. Leaves 6 inches long and 3 broad. Flowers larger than those of the following species, white. Long-leaved Cassipourea. Tree or shrub. 2 C. Guiane'nsis (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 529. t. 211.) leaves ovate or oval, on short petioles, quite entire, acuminated at the apex ; flowers almost sessile ; petals pinnatifidly fringed, h . S. Native of French Guiana, in marshes, and of Brazil, in the 1 RHIZOPHOREiE. IV. Cassipoubea. ONAGRARIiE. 675 province of Para. Legnotis Cassipoiirea, Svvartz, fl. iiul. !)70. Petals wliite. Guiana Cassipoiirea. Shrub G to 7 feet. S C. Ei.Li'pTicA (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 131.) leaves elliptic, acu- minated at both ends, quite entire, on short petioles ; flowers distinctly pedicellate ; petals rather palmately frinsjed. 1^ . S. Native of Jamaica, on the higher mountains. Lej^notis elliptica, Swartz, prod. 8t. fl. ind. p. yG'J. t. 17. Petals white. EU\pUc-\evk\ci\. Cassipourea. Tree 10 to 30 feet. 4 C. Madaoascarie'nsis (D. C. prod. 3. p. 34.) leaves on short petioles, toothed ; flowers pedicellate; pedicels rising from an urceolate bractea each ; petals fringed at the apex. H . S. Native of Madagascar. Uich»ia, Pet. Tli. nov. gen. mad. p. 25. no. 84. Madagascar Cassipourea. Shrub 6 to 1 0 feet. 'f A species not sufficiently known. 5 C. Congoe'nsis (R. Br. congo, p. 58.). Tj . S. Native of the west coast of Africa, on the banks of the Congo. Petals less divided than the rest of the species. Congo Cassipourea. Tree or shrub. Cult. Loam and peat is a good soil for the species of Cassi- jiourea, and cuttings root readily in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat. Okder XCII. ONAGRA'RL'E (plants agreeing with Ona- gros or Onager, now (Enothera, in important characters). Juss. ann. mus. 3. p. 315. exclusive of Haloragice. D. C. prod. 3. p. 35. — Onkgrse, Juss. gen. 317. exclusive of numerous genera. — Epilobi^ceaejVent. tabl. 3. p. 307. — Calecanthemarum gen. Lin. Tube of calyx adnata to the ovarium the whole length (f. 93. a.), or only adhering to it at the base (f. 94. a.), and drawn out beyond the ovarium at the apex (f. 94. a.) ; limb 2-4-lobed, but usually 4-lobed (f. 93. a. f. 94. a. f. 96. a. f. 98. a.) ; lobes valvate in aestivation. Petals equal in number to the lobes of the calyx (f. d5. h. f. 96. h. f. 97. b. f. 98. d.), and alternating with them, for the most part regular, twisted in aestivation, in- serted in the top of the tube of the calyx (f. 95. h. f. 96. b. f. 97. b. f. 98. rf.), rarely wanting. Stamens sometimes equal in number to the petals (f. 93. d, f. 99. e.), but usually twice that number (f. 95. i.) ; filaments free, filiform; anthers oblong or ovate. Ovary many-celled, usually crowned by a cup-shaped gland. Style filiform. Stigma capitate (f. 95. c.) or lobed (f. 96. c. f. 97. a.). Fruit capsular (f 96. d. f. 99./.), baccate or drupaceous, 2 or 4-celled. Seeds many in each cell, rarely solitary, fixed to the central placenta. Albumen wanting, but the endopleura is sometimes tumid, and appearing like albu- men. Embryo straight, with a long terete radicle and 2 short cotyledons. — Herbs or shrubs. Leaves simple, alternate or op- posite, entire, toothed, or pinnatifid, feather-nerved. Flowers axillary, and disposed in terminal spikes or racemes. This order is distinguished from Lythrariece in the calyx being adnate to the ovarium, and from Ilaloragiece in the style being filiform, in the seeds being exalbuminous, and never pen- dulous in the cells. It is also distinguished from Myrlaccce in the leaves being destitute of pellucid dots, in the stamens being definite in number, not indefinite ; and from Loasece in the seeds being fixed to the central column, not parietal, as in that order. The order is generally known by its pollen cohering by a kind of fihimentose substance, an inferior polyspermous ovarium, a tctrasepalous tetrapetalous flower, with a dcfiuite number of stamens, and a single style ; from this form, however, there are some anomalous variations, such as Circce'a and Lop'ezia, which are however easily reconciled to the usual structure of the order. Most of the genera are pre-eminently beautiful, as Epilobium, CEnothira, and Fuchsia, which are old favourites among gar- deners. The properties of Onagriirice are but little known. The leaves of Jussive a Peruviana are used as an emollient poultice, and the root of (Etiothera biennis as a sort of salad. The valves and dry capsule of CEnothira telrdptcra contract when the at- mosphere is dry, but when moist they expand. Synopsis of the genera. Tribe I. Montinie\b. Fruit capsular. Seeds imbricate, erect, fur- nished with a membranous wing. Trees or shrubs, with alternate leaves. 1 MoKTiNiA. Flowers dioecious from abortion. Tube of c.ilyx adhering to the ovarium (f. 93. a.), with a very short 4-toothed limb (f 93. b.). Petals 4 (f. 93. d.). Stamens 4. Style bifid (f. 93. c). Capsule 2-valved. 2 Hau'ya. Calyx adhering to the ovary at the base, and drawn out into a long tube at the apex, which is 4-lobed. Pe- tals 4. Stamens 8. Capsule 4-valved. Tribe II. Fuchsie^jE. Fruit baccate. Tube of calyx drawn out beyond the ovarium (f. 94. a.). Trees or shrubs, with opposite leaves, 3 Gongyloca'ri'US. Calyx adhering to the ovarium at the base, and drawn out into a long tube at the apex, which is 4- parted. Petals 4. Stamens 8. Fruit baccate, 2-celled, 2- seeded, indehiscent. 4 Fu'cHSiA. Calyx 4-lobed (f. 94. a.). Petals 4. Stamens 8. Ovary 4-valved, 4-celled. Tribe III. ONA^GREiE. Fruit capsular, many-seeded (f. 95. d. f. 96. d.). Seeds not winged. Tube of calyx drawn out beyond the ovarium (f. 96. a.). Stamens twice the number of the petals (f. 94. d. f. 95. b.). 5 Epilobium. Limb of calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. Capsule tetragonal, 4-celled. Seeds pappous. 6 Gau'ra. Limb of calyx 3-4-parted. Petals 3- 1-. Ovary 3-4-sided, 1-celled. Seeds naked. 7 CEnotiie'ra. Limb of calyx 4-parted (f. 96. a.). Petals 4 (f 96. b.). Capsule oblong-linear (f. 96. ul)- alternate. — South American shrubs. § 1. Brcviflora; (from brcv'is, short, awAJlos, a flower; flowers short). D. C. prod. 3. p. 36. The free pari of l/ie lube (f t/ie calyx shorter than its lobes, or about equal in length to them. Stamens inclosed. 1 F. microthy'lla (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 1 03. t. 334. )branclies pubescent ; leaves opposite, small, elliptic-oblong, acutish, toothed, glabrous, but a little ciliated ; pedicels axillary, shorter than the flowers ; calyx funnel-shaped, with ovate acumi- nated lobes ; petals retuse, tooth- ed. Jj . G. Native of Mexico, on the burning mount Jorullo. Lindl. hot. reg. t.l269. Sweet, fl. gard. new ser. t. 16. Calyx scar- let. Petals deep red. Stigma 4-lobed. (f. 94.) Small-leaved Fuchsia. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1828. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 2 F. THYMIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 104. t. 535.) branches puberulous ; leaves about opposite, small, ovate or roundish-ovate, obtuse, nearly quite entire, hairy above and glabrous beneath ; pedicels axillary, shorter than the flowers ; calyx funnel-shaped, with oblong acute lobes ; petals obovate-oblong, undulated. I7 . G. Na- tive of Mexico, in temperate places near Pazcuaro. Lindl. bot. reg. 1284. Lopezia thymifolia, Bonpl. herb. Willd. ex Link, in Schultes, mant. 50. F. alternans, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. Flowers red. Stigma undivided. r/ryme-/eai'(f/ Fuchsia. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1827. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 3 F. ROSEA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 88. t. 322.) stem beset with prominent pulvinate tubercles ; branches glabrous ; leaves opposite, petiolate, oval, quite entire ; pedicels axillary, sub- aggregate, shorter than the flowers ; calyx funnel-shaped, with oblong, acute, reflexed lobes, twice the length of the petals, which are obcordate. J; . G. Native of Chili. T. lyciokles, Andr. l)ot. rep. t. 120. Sims, bot. mag. 1024. Calyx red. Petals purple. Stigma 4-lobed. TJo.sf-colourcd-flowercd Fuchsia. Fl. April, Oct. Clt. 1796. Shrub 3 to 6 to 12 feet. 4 F. PARViPLORA (Lindl. bot. reg. 1048.) branches smoothisli; leaves scattered and opposite, petiolate, ovate-cordate or oval, quite entire, glaucous, glabrous ; pedicels sub-aggregate ; lobes of calyx refJexod ; stigma thick, 4-lobed. h . G. Native of Mexico. F. ovi\ta, Moc. et .Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. but not of Rtiiz et Pav. fi. per. 'Die jjodicels, according to the figure in the fi. mex., arc pubescent, but according to that in bot. reg. glabrous. Calyx red. Petals purple. Very like /•'. rosea Small -Jlotrered Fuchsia. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 182 1. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. § 2. Macrostcmonea: (from /iakpog, makros, long, and (rrrifioy, stcmon, a stamen ; in reference to the stamens which are ex- serted). D. C. prud.3. p. 37. The free pari of the tube of the calyx shorter than the lobes, or equal in length to them. Stamens exserted, 5 F. arbore'scens (Sims, bot. mag. 2620.) branches glabrous ; leaves 3 in a whorl, oval-oblong, acinninated at both ends, pe- tiolate, quite entire ; panicle terminal, trichotonious, nearly naked ; calyx funnel-shaped, with the lobes ovate, acute, and spreadingly reflexed ; also the petals. H . G. Native of Mexico. Lindl. bot. reg. 943. F. ama-'na, Hort. Flowers smalt, red, 5-G lines long, disposed in terminal panicles. .Stamens but little exserted. F. hamellioides, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. F. racemosa, Moc. et Sesse. Leaves broad. Arborescent Fuchsia. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1824. Sh. 6 to 15 feet. 6 F. ova'lis (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 87. t. 324. f. a.) branches pubescent ; leaves opposite or 3 in a whorl, petiolate, oval, a little denticulated, acute, pubescent on both surfaces ; pedicels axillary, sub-aggregate on the branchlets, erect, much shorter than the flowers ; lobes of calyx villous, oblong, acute, twice the length of the petals, which arc ovate and acute, t; . G. Native of Peru, in groves about Muna. Calyx and corolla scarlet. Stamens hardly exserted. OuaWeaved Fuchsia. Shrub 4 to G feet. 7 F. DECussA ta (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 88. t. 323. f b.) branches pubescent ; leaves opposite or 3 in a whorl, petiolate, lanceolate, pubescent on both surfaces ; pedicels axillarv, pen- dulous, longer than the calyx ; lobes of calyx oblong, acute, longer than the petals, which are also oblong and acute. I? . G. Native of Peru, in subhumid groves about Muna. Calyx rose- coloured. Petals scarlet. Stamens not much exserted. Decussate-\e?L\eA Fuchsia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 8 F. gua'cilis (Lindl. in bot. reg. t. 847.) branches finely pubescent ; leaves opposite, glabrous, on long petioles, remotely denticulated ; pedicels axillary, nodding, puberulous, length of the calyx ; lobes of calyx oblong, acute, exceeding the petals, which are convolute and retuse ; stigma undivided. I7 . G. Native of Mexico. F. decussata, Graham in edinb. phil. journ. 11. p. 401. Sims, bot. mag. 2507. but not of Ruiz et Pav. Calyx scarlet. Petals ))urple. Stigma fusiform. Var. p, multifldra (Lindl. bot. reg. 1052.) leaves smaller, glaucous, on short petioles ; stigma conical. Slender Fuchsia. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1823. Sh. 6 to 10 ft. 9 F. macroste'mma (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 88. t. 321. f. 6.) branches glabrous ; leaves 3 in a whorl, ovale, acute, denticulated, on short petioles ; pedicels axillary, noddin:?, longer than the flowers ; lobes of calyx oblong, acute, exceeding the petals, which are obovate and spreadiuir; stigma 4-lobed. F; . G. Native of Chili, in marshes. Lodd. bot. cib. 1062. Thilco, Feuill. obs. 3. p. 64. t. 47. 'J'his species differs from F. coc- cinea in the petals being blue and sjireading, not convolute, in the sti"nia being 4-lobed, not undivided. Calyx scarlet. Far. /5, tenella (D. C. prod. 3. p. 38.) flowers smaller ; leaves opposite. ^ ■ G. F. gracilis var. tenella, Lindl. l)ot. reg. 1052. Lnng-criiwned Yuchfiia. 1"1. Jidy, Oct. Clt. 18. '3. Shrub 6 to 12 feet. 10 F. co'nica (Lindl. bot. reg. 1062.) leaves 3 or 4 in a 678 ONAGRARI^. IV. Fuchsia. whorl, ovate, flat, denticulated, glabrous ; petioles pubescent ; flowers pendulous, solitary ; petals about equal in length to the calyx ; tube of corolla conical. h^ . G. Native of Chili. Calyx scarlet. Corolla purple. Stigma ovate. Co?ijcaZ-calyxed Fuchsia. Fl, June, Oct. Clt. 1824. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 11 F. cocci'nea (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 8.) branches glabrous ; leaves opposite or 3 in a whorl, ovate, acute, denticulated, on short petioles ; pedicels axillary, drooping, longer than the flowers ; lobes of calyx oblong, acute, exceeding the petals, which are obovate and convolute. Tj . G. Native of Chili, in marshes, and as far south as the Straits of Magellan. Curt. bot. mag. 97. Duham. arbr. ed. nov. 1. t. 13. F. pendula, Salisb. St. rar. t. 7. F. Magellanica, Lam. diet. Nahusia coccinea, Schnevoogt, icon. no. 21. Skinnera coccinea, Moench. Quelii- sia, Vand. 1. c. Calyx scarlet. Petals violaceous. Scarlet Fuchsia. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1788. Sh. 3 to 6 feet. 12 F. monta'na (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 275. t. 135.) branches sulcate and puberulous at the apex ; leaves 3 in a whorl, ob- long, acute, obsoletely denticulated, glabrous, but when young puberulous ; calycine tube funnel-shaped, about equal in length to the lobes, wliich are lanceolate and acute ; petals obovate, convolute ; stigma 4-toothed ; fruit oblong. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, on the mountain called Serra da Caraca. Calyx scarlet. Corolla violaceous. Mounlain Fuchsia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 13 F. PUBE'scENs(St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 275. 1. 134.) branches sidcate, puberulous ; leaves 3-4 in a whorl, ovate-oblong, acute, denticulated, puberulous ; tube of calyx funnel-shaped, about equal in length to the lobes, which are lanceolate and acute ; petals obovate, convolute ; fruit ovate-roundish, fj • G. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, on the high mountain called Serra da Piedade, and in that part of the province of St. Paul called Campos Geraes. Calyx scarlet. Corolla viola- ceous. Pubescent Fuchsia. Shrub 5 feet. § 3. Longiflorce (from longus, long, sxiAJlos, a flower ; in re- ference to the flowers, which are long). D. C. j)rod. 3. p. 38. Free part of the tube of the calyx twice or thrice the length of its lobes. Stamens exserted. 14 F. petiola'ris (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 8. p. 104.) branches glabrous ; leaves 3 in a whorl, or the upper ones are opposite, on long petioles, lanceolate-oblong, acute, re- motely denticulated, glabrous ; pedicels axillary, shorter than the flowers ; lobes of calyx ovate-oblong, acuminated, longer than the petals, which are nearly of the same shape. Ij . G. Na- tive of South America, at Santa Fe de Bogota. Calyx downy, an inch and a half long. Petiolar Fuchsia. Shrub 4 to C feet. 15 F. Quindiue'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 1. c.) branches clothed with adpressed pili ; leaves 3 in a whorl, small, approximate, oblong, acute, remotely denticulated, rather pilose above, and glabrous beneath ; pedicels axillary, shorter than the flowers ; lobes of calyx ovate, acuminately mucronate, a little longer than the petals, which are lanceolate and acute. P; . G. Native of the Andes of Quindiu. Shrub probably pro- cumbent. Pedicels and calyxes puberulous. Quindiu Fuchsia. Shrub proc. ? 16 F. vENu'sTA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branches downy; leaves opposite and 3 in a whorl, elliptic, acute, entire, gla- brous, and rather shining ; pedicels axillary, a little shorter than the flowers, the upper ones disposed in a raceme ; lobes of calyx ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, about equal in length to the pe- tals, which are oblong-lanceolate, acute, with undulated margins. ^ . G. Native of New Granada, near Guayavalito. Calyx purple, glabrous. Petals scarlet. Perhaps the same as F. mul- tiflora, Lin. which is scarcely known. Beautiful Fuchsia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 17 F. Loxe'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 1. c. t. 536.) branches hairy; leaves 3 in a whorl, oblong-elliptic or lanceolate-oblong, acute, obsoletely and remotely denticulated, glabrous, but hairy on the veins beneath ; pedicels axillary, a little shorter than the flowers ; lobes of calyx ovate-oblong, acute, a little shorter than the petals, which are ovate-roundish. Ij . G. Native of New Granada, near Loxa. Caly.x purplish, glabrous. Petals scarlet. Loxa Fuchsia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 18 F. Ayavace'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branches hairy ; leaves 3 in a whorl, oblong, acuminated, remotely denticulated, hairy on both surfaces ; pedicels axillary, longer than the flowers ; lobes of calyx ovate-lanceolate, ending in a narrow taper-point each, exceeding the petals, which are roundish-ovate. ^ . G. Native of Peru, near Ayavaca. Calyx smoothish and purplish. Ayavaca Fuchsia. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 19 F. hirte'lla (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branches hairy; leaves 3-4 in a whorl, on short petioles, oblong-lanceolate, ob- soletel}' and remotely denticulated, hairy on both surfaces ; flowers sub-racemose ; lobes of calyx lanceolate, acuminated, a little longer than the petals, which are lanceolate-oblong and acutish. H . G. Native of New Granada. Flowers nearly 2 inches long. Hairy Fuchsia. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 20 F. tripiiy'lla (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branches downy ; leaves 3 in a whorl, oblong, acute, quite entire, stiffish, smooth except the veins beneath, which are pubescent ; pedicels axil- lary, shorter than the flowers, upper ones forming a raceme ; lobes of calyx ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, a little longer than the lanceolate-oblong cuspidate petals. ^ . G. Native of New Granada. F. triphy'Ila, Lin. spec. 159. ex Mutis, but exclusive of the synonyme. Three-leaved Fuchsia. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 21 F. integrifolia (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 273.) branches glabrous ; leaves 3-4 in a whorl, oblong, acute, almost quite entire, glabrous ; tube of calyx cylindrical, 3 times shorter than the lobes, which are lanceolate and acute ; petals obovate, con- volute ; stigma 4-toothed ; fruit elliptic. h . G. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, on the mountain called Serra da Caraca. This species differs from F. macrostemma in the leaves being entire, and in the tube of the calyx being short, compared with the lobes. Entire-leaved Fuchsia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 22 F. AFFiNis (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 274.) branches gla- brous ; leaves 3 in a whorl, oblong or ovate-oblong, acute, nearly quite entire, glabrous ; calycine tube funnel-shaped, twice the length of the lobes, which are lanceolate and acute ; petals obovate, convolute ; fruit ovate oblong ; stigma 4-toothed. fj . G. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro, on the mountains called Serra da Boa Vista and Serra da Estrada Nova, and in the southern part of the province of St. Paul in the Dis- trito de Curityba. Calyx scarlet. Corolla violaceous. Nearly allied to F. integrifolia, from which it differs in the calyx being more deeply cleft. Allied Fuchsia. Shrub 6 feet. 23 F. RACEMOSA (Lam. diet. 2. p. 565. ill. t. 282. f. 1.) branches downy ; leaves opposite or 3 in a whorl, on short petioles, oval, acute, denticulated, puberulous on both surfaces ; pedicels axillary, about equal in length to the flowers, upper ones racemose ; lobes of calyx lanceolate-oblong, acute ; tube of calyx widened at the base. Tj . S. Native of St, Domingo. ONAGRARIiE. IV. Fuchsia. V. Epilobium. 679 Plum. ed. Burni. t. 1^3. f. 1. gen. p. 3I-. Flowers scarlet. Pedicels velvety. This species agrees with section second in the tube of the c.ilyx being dihated at the base. /iflccmose-Howered Fuchsia. .Slirub i to G feet. 21- F. fu'lgens (Moc. et Sesse, fl. niex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 3. p. 39.) branches glabrous; leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate-cordate, acute, denticulated, gl.ibrous ; pedicels axillary, shorter than the flowers, upper ones racemose ; lobes of calyx ovate-lanceolate, acute, exceeding the petals, which are acutish. Ij . G. Native of Mexico. Branches and pedicels red. Flowers reddish scarlet, 2 inches long. Racemes drooping at the apex. Fulgent Fuchsia. Sh. ■!■ to 6 feet. 25 F. denticula'ta (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 87. t. 32j. f. b.) branches trigonal ; leaves 3 in a whorl, petiolate, oblong- lanceolatc, acuminated at both ends, denticulated, having the middle nerve villous beiiind ; pedicels axillary, ratlier shorter than the flowers ; lobes of calyx lanceolate, acuminated, nearly twice the length of theobovate petals. I; . G. Native of Peru, among rocks about Huassa-huassi and Cheuchin, where it is called molto-cantu, which signifies a beautiful plant. Flowers purple, nodding. Z)en<(cu/a/ (fiamai, on the ground ; and vtpiov, nerion, the Oleander ; similar leaves but dwarfer habit). Tauch. hort. canal, fasc. 1. D. C. prod. 3. p. 40. Flowers irregular. Petals entire. Genitals declinate. Filaments dilated at the base. Leaves alternate. 1 E. angustifolium (Lin. spec. 493.) root creeping ; stems erect, nearly simple ; leaves nearly sessile, lanceolate, undu- lated, glabrous, with the veins pellucid ; flowers disi)osed in spicate racemes, bracteate ; style reflexee and Si- beria, in mountain woods and meadows. In Britain in moist shady places, particularly in the north of England and south of .Scotland. Sn\ith, enyl. t. 1947. fl. dan. 2.S9. E. Gesncri, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 507. E. intermedium, Wormsk. ex herb. Puerari. Clianiacncrion spicatum. Gray, brit. 2. p. 559. Flowers crimson, inodorous; pollen blue. A very ornamental plant, but hardly fit to be introduced to a garden, on account of its in- creasing so rapidly by the roots, which it is almost impossible 680 ONAGRARI^. V. Epilobri again to eradicate. The young shoots are said to be eatable, although a decoction of the plant stupifies. The pith, when dried, is boiled, and becoming sweet, is, by a proper process, made into ale, and this into vinegar, by the Kamtschatdales ; it is also added to the cow-parsnet to enrich the spirit that is pre- pared from that plant. Far. ft, album ; flowers white. % . H. Jar. y, latum (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 40.) leaves broader. ■y . H. E. angustif 61ium ft, Lin. spec. 494. E. spicatum ft, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 420. E. latif olium, Schmidt, fl. bohem. no. 372. but not of Lin. Narrow-leaved Willow-herb or French Willow. Fl. Jul. Aug. Britain. PI. 3 to 6 feet. 2 E. spica'tum (Lam. diet. 2. p. 378.) leaves lanceolate, en- tire, scattered, glabrous ; flowers disposed in terminal spicate racemes; flowers unequal. l/.H. Native of North America, in meadows and moist places ; United States, Canada, New- foundland, north-west coast, &c. Root creeping. Flowers about half the size of those of E. angustif olium, but the habit is almost the same. Spicate Willow-herb. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? PI. 2 to 3 ft. 3 E. oPA^cuM (Lehm. ex Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 205.) stem erect, pubescent ; leaves nearly sessile, narrow, lanceolate, almost rpiite entire, opaque, veiny ; flowers axillary, solitary, pedun- culate ; style reflexed, glabrous, shorter than the stamens. % . H. Native of North America, on the banks of the Columbia, par- ticularly about Fort Vancouver. Flowers red ; petals entire or erose. An intermediate plant between E. angustif olium and E. hit folium. Opaque Willow-herb. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 4 E. RosMARiNiFOLiuM (Hajnkc, in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 50. but not of Pursh) downy ; stem erect, branched towards the middle ; leaves linear, obsoletely denticulated, cinereous, veinless ; pedi- cels connected with the bracteas, crowded near the tops of the branches. 1/ . H. Native of Europe, in woods and on the banks of rivers. Rchb. icon. hot. 4. t. 341. — Moris, hist. sect. 3. t. 11. f. 2. Lob. icon. 343. f. 2. E. angustissimum. Curt. bot. mag. t. 76. E. angustifolium. Lam. diet. 2. p. 374. Stem woody at the base. An elegant plant with red flowers. Rosemary-leaved Willow-herb. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1775. PI. 2 feet. 5 E. DoDON^'i (All. pedem. 1016. Vill. dauph. 3. p. 507.) stem almost glabrous, erect, branched at the apex ; leaves linear, obsoletely denticulated, glabrous ; pedicels connected with the bracteas, crowded near the tops of the branches. 1^ . H. Na- tive of Piedmont and Dauphiny. E. Halleri, Retz. E. ros- marinifolium ft, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 421. E. rosmarinifolium ft, alpinum, Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 40. — Rchb. icon. bot. 4. t. 342. An elegant plant, much resembling the preceding, but smoother, smaller, and the flowers are large, and of a more deep rose colour. Dodoiieus's Willow-herb. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1700. PI. 1 ft. C E. CBASSIFOLIUM (Lehm. in nov. act. bonn. 14.) stem suflTruticose ; branches twiggy ; leaves alternate, thickish, linear, having the margins denticulated with blunt glands ; genitals de- clinate. l/.H. Native of Siberia. Leaves deep green. Petals crenulated, rose-coloured. Stigma 4-cleft. Thick-leaved Willow-herb. PI. 1 foot. 7 E. LATiFOLiUM (Lin. spec. 494.) stems erectish, firm, branched ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, almost quite entire, stiff, veinless, glaucous ; flowers axillary, pedicellate ; style nearly erect, glabrous, shorter than the stamens ; bracteas free from the pedicels. 1/. H. Native of Greenland, Siberia ; North America, on the banks of rivers on the Rocky Mountains, between lat. 52° and 5G°, to the shores and islands of the Arctic sea, Labrador, and Behring's Straits. Fl. dan. t. HQb. Salisb. par. lond. t. 58. E. frigidum, Retz, fl. scand. ed. 2. no. 459. E. corymbosum, Act. hafn. 10. p. 440. t. 8. f. 23. The North American plant diflTers from the Siberian one only in the less copious pubescence of its leaves. Flowers large, rose- coloured, or purple. f ar. ft, veniistum (Dougl. mss.) plant smaller in every part. %.Vl. North America. B road-leaved Vi\\\o\s'-\\erh. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1779. PI. 2 ft. 8 E. HU MILE (Willd. herb, ex Stev. in litt. D. C. prod. 3. p. 40.) leaves lanceolate, quite entire, glabrous, veiny ; branches opposite; corolla unequal. 1^. H. Native of Siberia. Per- haps a variety of £. latif olium. Humble Willow-herb. Fl. July, Aug. PI. i foot. Sect. IL LysimaVhion (containing plants agreeing in habit with the genus Lysimachia). Tauch, hort. canal, fasc. 1. Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 41. Flowers regular. Petals obcordate. Genitals ascending. Lower leaves opposite, upper ones alter- nate. 9 E. alpi'num (Lin. spec. 495.) stems creeping at the base, bifariously pubescent, few-flowered ; leaves nearly sessile, ellip- tic-lanceolate, obtuse, mostly entire, glabrous ; stigma undi- vided ; capsules sessile, glabrous. 1/ . H. Native of the alps of Europe and the Pyrenees. In Scotland, by the sides of alpine rivulets, on Ben Lomond, about two-thirds of the way up, and on all the highland mountains ; of North America, in the alpine rivulets of the Rocky Mountains. Smith, engl. bot. 2001. Lightf. fl. scot. p. 199. t. 10. f 1. Fl. dan. 322. E. anagalli- difolium. Lam. diet. 2. p. 376. Plant small. Flowers very small, bright red. I ar. ft, piimilum (Pers. ench. 2. p. 410.) stem rather pu- bescent at the base ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acutely serrated, wrinkled. Alpine'^'iWowAwrh. Fl. June, July, Scotland. PI. ^^ foot. 10 E. Hornema'nni (Rchb. icon. bot. p. 73. t. 180.) stems creeping at the base, angular, few-flowered, nodding at the ape.x ; leaves oblong or lanceolate, denticulated ; stigma clavate, un- divided. 2/. H. Native of Finland, in alpine rivulets; and north-west coast of America. E. niitans, Horn. fl. dan. 1387. but not of Schmidt. E. alpinum ft, nutans Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 205. Flowers bright red. Very like E. alpirium. Hornemanns \i'\\\ovi-\\erh. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.? PI. -J ft. HE. ORiGANiFoiiuM (Lam. diet. 2. p. 376. Rchb. icon, bot. 2. t. 180.) stems creeping at the base, smoothish, nodding at the apex, bluntly quadrangular ; leaves ovate, acutely denti- culated, glabrous, on short petioles; stigma undivided, clavate ; capsule pedicellate, glabrous. %. H. Native of the alps of Europe and the Pyrenees, in rivulets and fountains ; on many of the highland mountains of Scotland, in alpine rivulets, com- mon ; in rivulets on the sides of the Cheviot hills, as mentioned by Ray ; in North America, in alpine woods, sides of rivulets, and shady elevated spots on the Rocky Mountains, and of the island of Unalaschka. E. alsinifolium, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 511. Smith, engl. bot. t. 2000. Flowers small, rose-coloured. A much more robust plant than E. alpinum. Marjoram-leaved Willow-herb. Fl. Jime, Aug. Scotland. PI. ^ to I foot. 12 E. GLANDULOSUM (Lehm. pug. 2. p. 14. Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 206.) stem simple, creeping at the base, angular, gla- brous ; leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, rather decurrent, acute, glandularly denticulated ; flowers erect ; stigma clavate ; cap- sule sessile, with the angles slightly pubescent. If. H. Native of North America, at Cumberland House Fort, on the Saskat- chawana. Petals white. An intermediate plant between E. ori- gan f olium and E. tctragbnum. Glandular Willow-herb. PI. 1 foot. ONAGRARLT;. v. Eulobilm. G8I 13 E. minu'tum (Lindl. mss. ex Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 207.) root animal ; stem iTcctisli, terete, imbenilous, branclied ; leaves alternate, elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse, usually entire, full of pel- lucid (lots ; flowers droo|)infj, minute ; stiijnia clavate ; capsules on short pedicels, circinately rellexed, smootliish. ©. H. Native of the north-west coast of .America, at Fort Vancouver, and near the Grand Rapids of the Columbia, and on moist rocks near springs on the high mountains. Flowers minute, pale red. Miiwle Willow-herb. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1 82G. PI. | ft. 14 E. oliga'ntuim (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 233.) plant small ; stems very simple, bearing only 1 flower at the apex ; leaves opposite, linear, tjuite entire. 1^. H. Native of Hud- son's Bay, near Lake Mistissiny. Probably referrible to E, alj)hiuiii. Fciv-JIowcrcd Willow-herb. Fl. July, Aug. Shrub 4 foot. 15 E. ROSEiM (Schreb. lips. 147.) stems erect, with 4 obso- lete angles ; leaves opposite, upper ones alternate, smooth, ovate, toothed, stalked; stigma clavate, widivided. l/.H. Native of Europe, in waste boggy ground and watery places. In England, in Lambeth Marsh ; at Moreton, near Ongar, Essex ; and near AV itham, Sussex. Smith, engl. hot. t. 693. E. mon- tanum y, Willd. spec. 2. p. 316. F'lowers pale red. lied Willow-herb. Fl. July. Britain. PI. 1 foot. 16 E. alpe'stre (Schmid. fl. bohem. cent. '1-. p. 81.) leaves opposite, or 3 in a whorl, glabrous, ovate, acuminated, denti- culately serrated, stem-clasjiing, with the nerves sometimes hairy ; stems obsoletely tetragonal, 2-edged : flowers almost sessile ; fruit pedicel nearly the length of the capsule ; petals much longer than the calyx ; stigma undivided. 1/ . H. Native of Europe, on the Alps and the Pyrenees. E. roseum, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 442. Init not of Schreb. nor Smith. Hchb. icon. hot. 2. t. 190. Flowers pale red. E. trigonum, Schrank, bav. no. 594. E. alpestre, Jacq. and Rchb. icon. bot. t. 200. Jl]} Willow-herb. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1 820. PI. 1 foot. 17 E. BiLLARDiERiA'NUM (Ser. mss. ex D. C. prod. .'3. p. 41.) stem straight, terete, leafy, pubescent ; leaves ovate, obtuse, regularly serrulated, short, sessile, stem-clasping ; pedicels short, 1/. H. Native of New Ilolland. La Billaidiei's Willow-herb. PI. 1 foot. 18 E. STRICTIM (Muhl. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 233.) stem straight ; leaves quite entire, veiny ; flowers axillary ; capsules slender, clothed with hoary villi. — Native of Pennsvlvania. ,SV)n/^/i/ Willow-herb. ' Fl. July, Aug. Clt. I'SU. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 19 E. mosta'nv.m (Lin. spec. 494.) stem leafy, terete, gla- brous ; lower leaves opposite, upper ones alternate, ovate-lan- ceolate, irregularly toothed, all stalked ; flowers on short pedicels, disposed in a terminal, leafy, corymbose cluster ; stigma of 4 deep segments. If.. H. Native of Europe, in groves. In Britain, in dry, shady, hilly, and stony places ; on old walls or cottage roofs, frequent. Smith, engl. bot. 1177. Curt. loud. 3. t. 24. Fl. dan. 922. Rchb. icon. bot. 189. E. lanccolatum, Seb. et Maur. fl. rom. p. 138. t. 1. f. 2. Chamanerion mon- t^num, Scop. cam. ed. 2. no. 453. E. virgatum, Lam. Floxvers pale purple. I'ar. li, origanotdcs (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 41.) leaves very minute, hardly denticulated, nearly all opposite ; stem weak, dwarf. Mountain Willow-herb. Fl. July. Brit. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 20 E. Me.mca'nlm (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. t. 379. I). C. prod. 3. p. 41.) glabrous, herbaceous, erect ; leaves oblong, sessile, somewhat denticulated, lower ones oppo- site, upper ones alternate. %. H. Native of Mexico, flabit of E. monlunum. Mexican Willow-herb. PI. 1 foot. 21 E. nuEviFOLiUM (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 222.) leaves ovate, acute, serrated, pubescent on both surfaces, and lined on the upper surface ; flowers axillary, on short pedicels ; lobes of calyx hnear-lauceolatc, shorter than the corolla. T^.H. Na- tive of Upper Nipaul. Stem branched. Flowers small, lilac. Short-lmccd Willow-herb. PI. 1 foot. 22 E. ni'tass (Schmidt, fl. bohem. no. 380. Schultes, a'str. fl. 1. p. .')95.) stem terete, branched, many-flowered; leaves o])|)osite, almost sessile, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, quite entire ; petals obcordate ; stigma quadrifid. i; . H. Native of Bo- hemia, in bogs at Iscra. Rchb. icon. bot. 2. p. 87. t. 197. E. hypericifolium, Tauch, hort. canal, fasc. 1. no. 7. This plant comes very near to E. montininvi, from which it differs in the leaves being remote and (|uite entire, in the flowers being smaller and changeable in colour, at first white but afterwards changing to a flesh colour. A''o(/(/(H^-flowered Willow-herb. PI. 1 foot. 23 E. a'i.gidum (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 296.) leaves opposite and alternate, ovate, glandularly toothed; calyx obtuse-angled; stigma undivided. l^.H. Native of Caucasus. This species differs from E, montunum in the undivided stigma, in the stem being angled, from the margins of the petioles being decurreni, in the leaves being firmer, and in the flowers being nearly twice the size. Perhaps only a variety of E. origanifu/ium. I'ar. /3, li U7nile {liiiih. 1. c.) leaves toothed all round. yilgid Willow-herb. PI. ^ to 1 foot. 24 E. colora'tim (Muhl. in Willd. enum. 411.) stems terete, j)ubescent ; leaves lanceolate, serrulated, stalked, oppo- site, superior ones alternate, glabrous. 1/ . H. Native of Penn- sylvania. This plant difltrs from E. roseum in the stems being branched at the apex, in the leaves being nearly sessile and narrower, and in the flowers being smaller, ex Link. enum. I . p. 379. Coloured W'Mow-herh. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1805. PI. 2 to 3 ft. 25 E. Dahu RicuM (Fisch. in Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. 44. and Link. enum. 1. p. 379.) stem erect, very simple ; leaves usually toothed, |)ubescent, opposite and alternate, nearly sessile ; petals obcordate; fruit pilose. ©. H. Native of Dahuria. Flowers very minute. Calyx reddish. iJahuriun Willow-herb. Fl. Ju. Jid. Clt. 1822. PI. | to 1 ft. 2G E. germa'scens (Meyer, verz. pfl. p. 193.) smootliish ; stem rather angular, branched ; leaves stalked, opposite, or al- ternate, ovate-oblong, repandly denticulated, bearing bulbs in their axils ; petals rather longer than the calyx ; stigma clavate. %. H. Native of Caucasus, on the margins of rivulets, near Kaischaur, at the height of 2400 feet above the level of the sea. This is a singular species, from its bearing bulbs in the axils of the leaves. Budding Willow-herb. PI. 1 foot. 27 E. de'nsvm (Rafin. prec. dec.42. and in Desv. journ. bot. 1814.2. p. 271.) plant pubescent; leaves scattered, approxi- mate, sessile, linear-lanceolate, bluntish, nerved ; flowers pani- cled, pedunculate ; bracteas oblong. —Native of North .\nierica. 7)eHic-flowcred Willow-herb. Pi. 1 foot? 28 E. uenticlla'tim (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 78. t. 314.) stems suft'ruticose ; leaves somewhat lanceolate, denticulated ; lower ones opposite; petals ecpial, bifid. 2/ • t>. Native of Peru and Chili. E. jiinceum, F'orst. ex Sprei g. syst. 2. p. 233. Petals rose-coloured. Z)fn/icu/a/f(/-leaved Willow-herb. PI. ' to 1 foot. 29 Vj. leptopiiy'llum (Rafin. prec. dec. 41. and Desv. journ. bot. 1814. p. 271.) stem branched, rather scabrous; leaves alternate, nearly sessile, linear, narrow, entire, glabrous, 1- nerved, acute, tapering to the base ; flowers axillary, solitary, pedunculate. l/.H. Native of North .America, especially in Pennsylvania and Maryland, in humid woods. 48 682 ONAGRARIiE. V. Epilobium. Slender-leaved Willow-herb. PI. 1 foot. 30 E. divarica'tum (Rafin. prec. dec. p. 42. and in Desv. journ. bot. 1814. 2. p. 271.) stem branched, glabrous ; branches spreading ; leaves opposite, petiolate ; petals lanceolate, acute, glabrous, unequally denticulated. 11. H. Native of North America. Divaricate-hranched Willow-herb. PI. 1 to 2 feet ? 31 E. hirsu'tum (Lin. spec. 494.) roots creeping; stems branched, hairy ; lower leaves opposite, upper ones alternate, ovate-lanceolate, hairy, toothed, half stem-clasping ; stigma deeply 4-cleft ; the segments deflexed. 1/. H. Native of Europe and Siberia, in wet places. In Britain, in watery places, ditches, and margins of rivers, among reeds, coarse grasses, and willows. Smith, engl. bot. 838. Curt. lond. 2. t. 21. Fl. dan. t. 326. E. ramosum, Huds. p. 162. E. amplexicaule. Lam. diet. 2. p. 374. E. grandiflorum, All. pedem. no. 1018. Flowers in a leafy, corymbose cluster, large, of a delicate, pale pink, with cloven, regular petals. The whole herb is downy, soft, and clammy, exhaling a peculiar, acidulous scent, justly compared to the flavour of boiled codlings and cream. The plant varies with white flowers and variegated leaves. Car. /3, intermedium (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 42.) stem, branches, and leaves clothed with hoary villi ; fruit covered with very long pili. 1/. H. Native about Paris, and of Siberia. E. intermedium, Mer. fl. par. 147. but not of Wormsk. E. hirsiitum Sibiricum, Deless. herb. Hairy Willow-herb or Codlings and cream. Fl. July. Brit. PI. 3 to 5 feet. 32 E. viLLosuM (Thunb. prod. 75.) leaves alternate, lanceo- late, serrated, hairy. %. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This species hardly differs from E. hirsiitum, unless in the lobes of the stigma being thicker and more convolute. Flowers red. Villous Willow-herb. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 33 E. TOMENTOsuM (Vent. hort. eels. t. 90.) plant clothed w ith hoary tomentum ; stems much branched ; leaves half stem- clasping, lanceolate, bluntish, serrulated ; stigmas quadrifid, with the lobes horizontal. %. H. Native of the Levant, be- tween Julpha and Hispahan, on the borders of rivulets. Perhaps only a variety of E. hirsiitum. Flowers red. fomentose\\\\\o\\-\\t\\>. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 34 E. cyli'ndricum (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 222.) leaves lanceolate-linear, serrulated, stalked, lower ones opposite, upper ones alternate; stems terete, pubescent. 1/ . H. Native of Nipaul. Flowers small, red. \\a.h'it oi E-iMliistre. Cylindrical-stemmed Willow-herb. PI. li foot. 35 E. PALu'sTRE (Lin. spec. 495.) stems terete, branched, pubescent ; leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate, slightly toothed, glabrous, lower ones opposite, upper ones alternate ; stigma linear, obtuse, undivided. If.. H. Native of Europe, Siberia, and Labrador ; in boggy turfy ground, near ditches and rivulets. Smith, engl. bot. t. 346. Fl. dan. 1574. Flowers pale purple, in leafy clusters. Herb extremely variable in luxuriance. I'ar. /3, verticil! (itum (Ram. ex D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 422.) leaves 3 in a whoi-1. I^ . 1/ . H. Native of the Pyrenees. J^ar. y, albijlorum (Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 207.) stem terete, simple, smoothish ; leaves sessile, linear, somewhat denticulated ; flowers drooping ; capsules pedicellate, elongated, canescent ; stigma undivided. 1/ . H. Native throughout Canada, and as far north as lat. 64°, and among the prairies of the Rocky Moun- tains. E. paliistre, var. albescens, Wahl. fl. suec. 1. p. 234. Richards, in Frankl. journ. ed. 2. append, p. 12. E. lineare, Muhl. Flowers white. Perhaps the same as E. DahHricum of Fischer. Marsh Willow-herb. Fl. June, July. Brit. PI. i to 1| ft. 1 36 R. rivula're (Wahl. fl. ups. p. 126.) puberulous ; leaves sessile, long-lanceolate, denticidated, lower ones opposite, upper ones alternate ; petals oval, emarginate ; stigma 4-lobed. %. H, Native of Sweden, on the banks of rivulets and fountains. Rchb. icon. bot. 2. p. 61. t. 170. Flowers red. Habit of E. jialiislre. Rivulet Willow-herb. Fl. July. PI. 1 foot. 37 E. parviflorum (Schreb. lips. 146.) stem nearly simple, woolly, terete ; leaves sessile, lanceolate, minutely toothed, soft, and downy on both surfaces ; flowers in leafy clusters ; root fibrous; stigma 4-cleft, spreading. 1/ . H. Native of Britain ; frequent in watery places and about the banks of rivers. Smith, engl. bot. t. 795. E. pubescens, Willd. spec. 2. p. 315. E, hirsutum, Huds. 161. Lin. spec. p. 494. var. ft. E. villosum, Curt. fl. lond. 2. t. 22. — Fl. dan. 347. Flowers not a quarter the size of those of E. hirsutum. Small-flowered Willow-herb. Fl. July. Brit. PI. 2 to 3 ft. 38 E. SIMPLEX (Tratt. arch. 1. p. 37. with a figure.) stems simple, striated, pubescent ; leaves decussate, linear-lanceolate, quite entire, sessile, pubescent ; petals emarginate ; stigma quad- rifid ; If.H. Native on Mount Scheiblingstein. According toTrattineck, this plant diflers from E. parvijlbrum, in the leaves being quite entire, sessile, and linear, and in the flowers being smaller. Simple-stemmed Willow-herb. Fl. July. PI. 2 feet. 39 E. ROTUNDiFOLiuM (Forst. prod. no. 161.) leaves opposite, roundish, denticulated. i/.?H. Native of New Zealand. Round-leaved Willow-herb, PI. ? 40 E. squamma'tum (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 250.) pubescent; roots scaly, bulbous ; stems cylindrical, branched ; cauline leaves opposite, rameal ones alternate, all linear, and quite entire, with revolute margins ; flowers pedicellate ; petals bifid ; stigma cla- vate, undivided. 'J/. H. Native of North America, about Philadelphia. E. rosmarinifolium, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 259. Petals white. E. lineare, Bigel. in litt. Perhaps the same as E. j^aliistre, var. albijlorum. The scaly bulbous roots are by no means peculiar to this species. .^cn/y-rooted Willow-herb. Fl. July. Clt. 1800. PI. l|ft. 41 £. tene'llum (Rafin. prec. dec. p. 41. and in Desv. journ. bot. 1814. p. 271.) stem filiform, simple, pubescent above; leaves opposite, sessile, linear, elongated, usually entire, full of pellucid lines, glabrous except the margins, which are finely ciliated ; flowers erect ; stigma undivided ; capside pedicellate, slender, canescent. If. H. Native of North America. Slender Willow-herb. PI. 1 foot. 42 E. TETRAGONUM (Lin. spec. 494.) stem erect, usually quad- rangidar, sometimes rather downy ; leaves lanceolate, sessile, minutely toothed, decurront ; flowers erect ; stigma clavate, un- divided ; capsules puberulous, on short pedicels. If . H. Na- tive of Europe, Siberia, and North America, in ditches, and watery, marshy places ; plentiful in Britain. .Smith, engl. bot. 1948. Curt. lond. fasc. 2. t. 23. Fl. dan. 1029. Rchb. ico'n. bot. 2. p. 88. t. 198. Flowers small, purple, in leafy clusters. A very variable pl.ant in luxuriance, sometimes rather pubescent and sometimes quite smooth. Far. ft, obsciirum (Pers. ench. 2. p. 410.) leaves opposite and alternate, lanceolate, glabrous, and serrated, decurrent at the base; stigma clavate. 1/ . H. Chamasn^rion obsciirum, Schreb. E. obscurum, Schmidt, fl. bohem. cent. 4. p. 81. Rchb. icon, bot. 2. p. 89. t. 199. Var. 7, virgHtum (Wahl. fl. suec. 1. p. 233.) narrower and rather pubescent; leaves less decurrent. Tf. H. Native of Sweden and Siberia. 7e/r«n'«nfl/-stemmed Willow-herb. Fl. July. Britain. PI. 1 to 1^ foot. 43 E. fla'cciduji (Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. IS.) stem weak, tctra- ONA(;KAin.i:. v. Kiilouilm. VI. Gaika. G83 gonal below, flaccid, creeping at the base ; leaves lanceolate, lUnticulatcd, glabrous, almost sessile, lower ones opposite. 1}.. H. Native of Portugal, about Coinibra and elsewhere in Beira. Flowers red. This plant is usually taken for a va- riety of E. tctragoniiin, but is a porfettly distinct species. /•YnrciW-stemmcd \Vill()\\-lurl). I'l. July. IM. 1 foot. 4-t E. BoNPi. andi.Onum (11. 1!. it Kuntli, nov. gen. anier. 6. p. 95.) plant rather woody ; stem simple or branched, usually erect ; leaves opposite, lanceolate, sessile, a little toothed ; flowers axillary, solitary, almost sessile ; stigma capitate ? IJ. F. Native of South America, on the Andes, about Popayan, in luimid places, at the height of 5000 feet above the level of the sea. Petals nearly orbicular, rose-coloured, twice the length of the calyx. Capsule 2 to 3 inches long. Bonpland's Willow-herb. PI. -J to 1 foot. 45 E. lu'teum (Pursh, fl. sept, ainer. 1. p. 259.) stem tetra- gonal, rather pilose; leaves opposite, serrulated; peduncles axillary, alternate, elongated ; lobes of calyx narrow, length of petals; style cxserted ; stigma thick, 4-lobed. T^.H. Native of the north-west coast of America, and in the grassy valleys of Unalaschka. Flowers yellow, as large as those of the French- nillotv. l'c//o7!;-flowered Willow-herb. PI. 1 foot. Cult. All the species of the IVUlon-hcrb are of the easiest culture and propagation ; they will grow in any common gar- den soil, and are easily increased by dividing at the roots or by seeds. Those species belonging to the first section of the genus being the most shevvy, are the most worthy of cultivation, as border flowers. VI. GAU'RA (from yavpoQ, gaiiros, superb ; in reference to the elegance of the flowers of some of the species). Lin. spec. 205. Gsertn. fruct. 2. p. 205.t 127. f. 2. D. C. prod. 3. p. 44. Lix. SYST. Ocldndiia, Monogynia. Calyx of 3-4 sepals ; sepals connected into a long tube ; limb 3-4-parted, deciduous. Petals 3-4. Stamens 6-8. .Stigma 3-4-lobed. Fruit 1-cellcd, closely adhering to the calyx, 3-4-sided, 1-4-seeded. Seeds naked. Flowers terminal, spiral, sessile, bracteate, white, red, rarely yellow, all becoming reddish as they fade. 1 G. bie'nnis (Lin. spec. 493.) stem herbaceous ; leaves lan- ceolate-oblong, acute, denticulated ; flowers irregular ; petals obovate, ascending, spreading, naked ; genitals deflexed ; style longer than the stamens ; fruit obovate, tetraquetrous, sessile, pilose, acute, bluntish, marked with thick depressed nerves, and with transverse wrinkles below. $ . H. Native of Virginia and Pennsylvania, and about Montreal. Curt. bot. mag. 389. Limb of calyx length of tube. Sepals purple at the apex. Petals at first white, then reddish. Floriferous branches sub- capitate, at length becoming a somewhat whorled spike. Biemiial Gaura. Fl. Aug. Oct. CIt. 1 7G2. PI. 4 to 6 feet. 2 G. ANGUSTiFOLiA (Mivlix. fl. bor. auier. I. p. 226.) leaves linear, crowded, repandly undulated ; fruit ovate, triquetrous, acute at both ends, whitish, having the angles acute. $. H. Native of Lower Carolina. G. undulata, Desf. cat. hort. par. p. 196. G. frnticosa, Jacq. coll. 1. p. 142. icon. rar. 3. p. 457. Flowers not half the size of those of G. hieioiis ; petals secund ; genitals not deflexed. Fruit disposed in long loose spikes, ovate, triquetrous, sessile ; angles not winged. Narrow-leaved Gaura. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 3 G. si.Ni A TA (Nutt. in htt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 44.) branches and leaves rather pilose; pili adprcssed; leaves numerous, linear, sinuated ; flowers disposed in long spikes ; fruit distant, clavate, tetragonal at the apex, attenuated at the base, and terete, on short pedicels ; the angles tumid. $ . H. Native of North America, in the territory of the Arkansa and Red rivers. A very distinct species. 6V«««/c(/-leaved Gaura. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 4 G. EPii.oDioiDKs (H. B. et Kimth, nov. gen. amcr. G. p. 93.) herbaceous ; branches and leaves pubescent, a])proximate ; leaves linear, quite entire, or remotely toothed ; petals ovate-roundish, obtuse ; stamens straight ; fruit pubescent, oblong-linear, tetra- gonal, 4-ribbed ; ribs thick, alternating with the angles. $ , \\. Native of Mexico, near Actopan, at the height of 3120 feet above the level of the sea. This species hardly diflers from (J. angusl'ifoiia, unless in the stem being more branched, in the leaves being flat, not curled on the margins, and in the flowers being much larger. 'Jhe habit ap|)roaches that of Epilobiuiii rosmar'mifulium in habit and colour of flowers. WiUow-hcrb-like Gaura. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 5 G. tripe'tala (Cav. icon. 4. p. 66. t. 396. f. 1. good) herbaceovis ; branches pilose ; leaves lanceolate-linear, a little toothed, puberulous ; flowers hexandrous ; sepals 3, deflexed ; petals 3, rose-coloured, obovate-oblong, unilateral, ascending ; fruit ovate, triquetrous, acute, with transverse plicate stripes, and turgid angles. ©. H. Native of Mexico. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 94. G. hexandra Ortega. Flowers white, but at length becoming red. T/irec-pctalltd GainvL. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1804. PI. 1| foot. 6 G. ODORATA (.Sesse, ex Lagas. gen. et spec. p. 14.) leaves linear-lanceolate, repandly toothed ; petals 4, ovate, ascending. S . H. Native of New Spain. Sivect-scentcd Gaura. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 7 G. bracte.a'ta (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 45.) leaves linear-lanceolate, deeply and irregularly serrated ; bracteas linear, entire, acute ; flowers pedicellate ; petals obovate, spreading, length of the limb of the calyx. $ . F. Native of Mexico, in the garden of St. Angeli. G. sinuata and G. spicata, Moc. et Sesse, fl. niex. icon. ined. t. 373. Flower-bud obtuse. Style clavate at the apex. Stamens 8. Brncteate-Rowt^rcd Gaura. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 8 G. iiKiFOLiA (Nutt. in James' cxped. rock, mount. 2. p. 355.) stems much branched; leaves linear, acute, entire, gla- brous; flowers racemose, dense, numerous; bracteas linear- subulate, puberulous ; tube of calyx long, pilose ; the lobes oblong-linear ; petals 4, obovate-oblong ; fruit very minute, ovate, triquetrous, pilose. $ . H. Native of North America, about the Arkansa. Flowers octandrous. Calyxof a brownish- purple colour. Petals white. Flax-leaved Gaura. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 9 G. PARViELOKA (Doug. ex Leluu. pug. 2. p. 15. and Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 208.) stems herbaceous, erect, pilose ; leaves ob- long, acuminated, remotely denticulated, and ciliated on the margins, rather velvety when young ; spikes elongated ; flowers minute, crowded ; fruit distant, tetragonal, smootliish, tapering to both ends. $ . H. Native of the north-west coast of Ame- rica, on the sandy banks of the Wallawallah river. Small-Jlowcred Gaura. PI. 1 to 1 1. foot. 10 G. cocci'sEA (Fras. cat. 1813". Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 733.) stems herbaceous, decumbent ; leaves linear-lanceolate, repandly denticulated, but when young quite entire, canesccnt ; spikes loose ; flowers alternate ; bracteas linear, permanent ; fruit elliptic, terete at the base, but tetragonal at the apex, ca- nescent. % . F. Native of North America, at Fort Mamlan, also on the ))lains of the Saskatchawan and Red rivers. Pitals scarlet. .SV-rtJ-M-flowered Gaura. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1811. PI. proc. 11 G. maroin.\"ta (Lehm. pug. 2. p. 16. Hook, fl. amer. bor. p. 208.) stems ascending, suflruticose at the base; leaves lanceolate, repandly toothed, rather rcvolute, white on both sur- faces from adpressed down ; flowers in terminal, vcrticillate spikes; bracteas linear, deciduous; fruit white. Tj;. H. Na- tive of North America, on the plains of the Saskatchawan. Pe- tals obovate, red. Ovary tetragonal. 4 s 2 684 ONAGRARIiE. VI. Gaura. VII. CEnothera. Marginate Gaura. PI. ascending. 12 G. gla'bra (Lehm. pup;. 2. p. 16. Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 209.) stems ascending, suffruticose at the base, quite gla- brous ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, undulated, glabrous ; spikes elongated ; flowers alternate ; ovaries linear, tetragonal, gla- brous. 1/ . H. Native of North America, about Carlton House, on the Saskatchawan. Petals spatulate, red. Glabrous Gaura. PI. ascending. 1.3 G. ? MOLLIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 93.) plant suffruticose ? branches clotlied with silky hairs ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, remotely denticulated, pubescent ; petals ovate, obtuse, cruciately opposite, pale yellow ; stamens straight; fruit oblong, arcuately incurved, nearly as in CEnothera. "H.. H. Native of Mexico. Perhaps a species of CEnothtra. Soft Gaura. PI. 1 foot ? 14 G. muta'bilis (Cav. icon. rar. 3. p. 30. t. 258.) leaves ovate, sessile, remotely toothed ; petals broadly ovate, acute, cruciately disposed, spreading ; styles and stamens straight ; stem shrubby. 1J.. H. Native of New Spain. CEnothera ano- mala. Curt. bot. mag. t. 388. Petals yellow, but becoming red as they fade. Changeable-Rowered Gaura. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1795. PI. 2 feet. 15 G. (enotheriflora (Zuccagni, obs. bot. tent. 2. no. 65.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, running down the petiole at the base, remotely toothed, villous ; flowers sessile. $ . H. Native country unknown. Habit of CEnotlicra longiflbrri. Flowers at first yellow, but becoming red as they fade. Fruit elliptic, quadrangular. Perhaps a variety of G. muiuhU'is. Evening frlmrose-Jlon'ered GaMXA. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 181G. PI. 2 to 3 feet. -|- SjJecies not stifficiently known. 16 G. Chine'nsis (Lour. coch. p. 225.) leaves lanceolate, ser- rated, opposite, sessile ; s])ikes terminal ; stigma sessile. '2^.? F, Native of China, about Canton. — Pluk. aim. t. 428. Flowers yellow. Stem tetragonal. China Gaura. PI. 1 foot. 17 G. suffrute'scens (Moc. et Sesse. fl. mex. icon. ined. t. 374.) stems shrubby at the base ; leaves oblong-linear, undu- lated, glaucescent ; young branches drooping ; flowers loose, spreading ; bracteas lanceolate, acute ; limb of calyx deflexed ; petals somewhat secund, spatulate, on long claws ; stamens 8, and are as well as the style ascending ; fruit unknown, h . G. Native of Mexico. Flowers large, red. Stigma capitate. Suffruticose Gaura. Shrub. 18 G.? EPiLOBiA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. t. 375.) stem glabrous ; leaves oval-oblong, denticulately sinuated ; ra- cemes few-flowered ; flowers nearly sessile ; petals almost orbi- cular, incinnbent, hardly unguiculate ; fruit unknown. 1/ . F. Native of Mexico. Flowers red. Stamens shorter than the petals. Epilobijim-Vike Gaura. PI. 1 to 2 feet. Cult. The most part of the species of Gaura are little better than biennials, although some are marked perennial. A light soil suits them best, and they are only to be propagated by seeds, which should be sown early in spring in the open ground. Those species natives of Mexico will require a little protection in winter the first year from seed. VII. CENOTHE'RA {from oti'og, oinos, viine, and dijpa, thera, a catching ; the roots of OE. biennis were formerly eaten after meals, as incentives to wine-drinking, as olives are). Lin, gen. 469. D. C. prod. 3. p. 45. Lin. syst. Oclundria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 sepals (f. 95. a. f. 96. a.); sepals connected into a long, tetragonal, or 8-ribbed tube ; segments of the limb deciduous, as well as the free part FIG. 95. of the tube. Petals 4 (f. 95. h. f. 96. b.). Stamens 8, erect, or declinate ; pollen triangular, clammy. Stigma 4-cleft or capitate. Capsule 4-celled, 4-valved, cylindrical or prismatic, clavate, or tetragonal, inseparable from the base of the calyx. Seeds fixed to the central placenta, naked. Flowers opening at sun-set and closing at sun-rise. Sect. I. Sph.erosti'gma (from mrawa, sphaira, a sphere, and QTiyjia, stigma, a stigma ; in reference to the form of the stigma, which is globose). Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 46. Stigma glo- bose (f. 95. c). Fruit oblong, cylindrical or tetragonal ; valves linear. Anthers short, retnse at the apex. 1 CE. denta'ta (Cav. icon. 4. p. 67. t. 398.) leaves linear, denticulated, glabrous ; capsule cylindrical, very narrow. ©. H. Native of Peru and Chili. CE. dentata, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 81. t. 317. Lindl. coll. 10. CE. Chamisonis, Link, enum. 1. p. 378. Plant prostrate. Petals longer than the calyx, yellow. Stigma slightly 4-lobed. 7'oo?Ae(/-leaved Evening Primrose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. prostrate. 2 CE. hi'rta (Link. enum. 1. p. 378.) hairy; stem branched, erect ; leaves lanceolate, denticulated ; flowers sessile, minute ; capsules curved, terete. 0. H. Native of California. CE. mi- crantha, Horn, ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 228. Plant hairy. Flowers small, yellow. Petals not so long as the sepals. Stigma capi- tate, slightly 4-lobed. i/air^ Evening Primrose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. i to i foot. 3 CE.CHEIRANTIIIFOLIA (Hom. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 223.) stems branched ; branches ascending, hairy ; leaves sessile, spatulate, obtuse, quite entire, villous, ca- nescent ; flowers sessile ; cap- sule subulate, curved, angular, acute, hairy. Tj . F. Native of Chili. Lindl. bot. reg. 1040. Flowers middle-sized, pale yel- low, (f. 95.) Wall-Jloirer-leavcd Evening Primrose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. Sh. Ifoot. 4 CE. ala'ta (Rafin. fl. lud. p. 95.) branches winged; leaves sessile, oval- lanceolate, entire, glabrous ; flowers sessile ; petals unguiculate ; stigma globose ; capsule 4-winged. — Native of Louisiana. JVinged-slemmeA Evening Primrose. PI. 5 CE. quadrivu'lnera (Dougl. in bot. reg. 1119.) stem decli- nate, branched, weak, puberulous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, somewhat denticulated, puberulous ; petals with crenulated mar- gins ; capsule tetragonal, attenuated at the apex, villous. 0. H. Native of the north-west coast of America, on the banks of streams, as well as in the open elevated country west of the Rocky Mountains. Petals lilac, each marked with a more in- tense spot. Stigma globular, entire. Four-spotted-^ovieved Evening Primrose. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 6 CE. BoOTHii (Dougl. mss. ex Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 213.) stem branched ; leaves ovate, toothed, glabrous above, hairy beneath, lower ones stalked ; flowers secund, in spikes ; petals small, obovate, entire, equal in length to the stamens ; style ex- serted ; capsule cylindrical, furrowed, twisted, pubescent. ©. H. Native of North America, on low exposed gravelly hills, near the branches of Lewis's and Clarke's rivers, in lat. 46°. N. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Stigma capitate. ONAGRARi;!-. VII. (Enotihra. G85 Booth's Evening Primrose. PI. ^ foot. 7 (E. pygm.e'a (Doiif^l. mss. ex Hook. fl. bor. amer. 213.) stem ascenilinir, branclied ; lower leaves stalked, rhomboid, sujie- rior ones sessile, lanceolate, all tootheil and pubescent ; capsules somewhat secund, cylindrical, attenuated at the apex, torulose. ©.? H. Native of North-west America, in barren sands near the Utalla river. Habit of the preceding species. Pj/gniy Evening Primrose. PI. ^ to ^ foot. 8 (E. spira'lis (Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 213.) stem nearly simple, decumbent, hoary ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, quite en- tire, hoary, and beset with strigose pili, attenuated at the base ; spikes leafy ; petals twice the length of the stamens ; capsule acutely tetragonal, acuminated, hoary, somewhat spirally twisted. G-? H- Native of the north-west coast of America. .Allied to (£. Boothii, but larger in all parts, and very easily distin- guished by its entire hoary leaves and capsules. ^/jiVaZ-capsulcd Evening Primrose. Pi. -J foot. 9 (E. viRiDESCENS (Ilook. fl. bor. amer. p. 214.) plant densely clothed with hoary tomentum ; stem erect, simple ; leaves ovate, acute, sessile, coarsely toothed ; spikes leafy ; pe- tals deep green in the dried state, twice the length of the sta- mens; capsule acutely tetragonal, rather hairy, twisted. 0.? II. Native of the north-west coast of America. GVccniWi-petalled Evening Primrose. PI. \ foot. 10 Qrl. coNTORTA (Dougl. mss. ex Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 211.) stem weak, branched, glabrous; leaves linear, quite en- tire, glabrous ; flowers small ; capsule cylindrical, twisted, curved, elongated, torulose. ©. ? H. Native of North Ame- rica, in sandy barren soil on the interior banks of the Columbia river. Although the specimens examined by Dr. Hooker of this, as well as those of (E. pygmce'a, are too imperfect to determine exactly the form of the stigmas, he thinks it not impro- bable from the habit of these plants that they should be ranged in the present section. 7'ji'(4^Y/-poddcd Evening Primrose. PI. -j to -j foot. Sect. II. Ona'gra (a name given by Tournefort to the genus OLnolhirn). Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 4G. — Onagra species, Tourn. inst. p. 302. t. 15C. G;trtn. fruct. 1. p. 159. t. 32. f. 1. Stigma quadrifid. Anthers oblong-linear, usually emarginate at the base. Capsule cylindrical, prismatic, or obsoletely tetragonal, sometimes thickened at the base, but never at the apex. Flotrers yellow. 11 ttl. bif.'nnis (Lin. spec. 492.) stem erect, branched ; radical leaves oblong-lanceolate, cauline ones ovate-lanceolate, toothed, ])ubescent ; petals hardly obcordate, exceeding the stamens ; lobes of stigma linear and thickish ; capsule nearly cylindrical, thickest at the base ; valves either entire or bifid, opening at the apex. $ . H. Native of North America, in Virginia, Canada, and on the north-west coast, from whence it lias migrated to Europe in the year 1G14, and now found apparently wild in England ; particularly between the first and second ranges of sand banks on the coast of Lancashire, a few miles north of Liverpool, in the greatest abundance. It covers several acres of ground near Woodbridge, Suttblk. This plant is common in gardens, and often escapes from thence into rich waste ground. But on the dreary sand of our Lancashire coast it is truly wild, being planted there by the hand of nature, though perhaps trans- ported by natural means from the other side of the Atlantic. Fl. dan. 440. Smith, engl. bot. 1534. Flowers large, pale yel- low, delicately fragrant. Roots eatable. Biennial or Common Evening Primrose. Fl. July, Sep. Brit. PI. 2 to 4 feet. 12 CE. murica'ta (Lin. syst. veg. 296. Murr. nov. comm. goett. 6. p. 24. t. 1.) stem erect, branched, purplish, muricated with strigae ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, remotely denticulated ; petals obcordate, length of the stamens ; capsule nearly cylindrical, rather hairy. $ . H. Native of Canada, and on the plains of the Saskatchawan, and of the Straits of Fuca. Fl. dan. t. 1752. Flowers yellow. Upper leaves downy. Sejjals lanceolate, acuminated, hairy, longer than the petals. Strig;e red at tlie base. il/«r;(nle, hairy; 696 ONAGRARI^. X. Jussi^a. XI. Prieuuea. XII. Ludwigia. leaves lanceolate ; flowers large, sessile, yellow, decandrous, f; . B. S. Native about Campeachy. Hairy Jussisea. Sh. 3 ft. 65 J. PUBESCENS (Lin. spec. SSO.) erect, villous ; flowers ses- sile, decandrous, pentapetalous. — Native of South America. Pubescent Jussiaea. PI. 2 ft. G6 J. tene'lla (Burm. fl. ind. p. 103. t. 35. f. 5.) glabrous ; leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate ; flowers pedicellate, decan- drous, pentapetalous. — Native of Java. Weak Jussiaea. PI. 1 ft. Cult, All the species of this genus are either water or bog plants, and therefore require to be kept moist. The species, natives of bogs, may be grown in pots, under which may be placed pans of water. The floatinf>- aquatic kinds should be grown in tubs, filled with water, with a layer of mould in the bottom, in which the plants may root. All the species, natives of warm climates, require a great degree of heat to bring them to flower. The /. grandijlbra is the only hardy aquatic kind ; it grows best when planted in a shallow pond or rivulet. XI. PRIEU'REA (this genus is dedicated to M. Le Prieur, the discoverer of the plant at Senegal). D. C. prod. 3. p. 58. Lin. syst. Tridndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx cylin- drical, elongated, adhering to the ovarium ; limb 3-parted ; segments lanceolate, acute, ])ermanent. Petals 3, small. Sta- mens 3, alternating with the lobes of the calyx ; filaments fili- form, short. Style short. Seeds small. — Herb glabrous, dwarf, branched, of an obscure green colour. Leaves alternate, oblong- linear, acute, entire. Flowers axillary, solitary, on very short pedicels. 1 P. Senegale'nsis (D. C. I.e.). Native of Senegal, in bogs. Habit almost oi Jussice a ramulosa. Senegal Prieurea. PI. dwarf. Cull. For culture and propagation see Jussice a. XII. LUDWI'GIA (so named by Linnaeus in honour of Christian Gottlieb Ludwig, once Professor of Medicine at Leip- sic, author of Definitiones Plantarum, 1 vol. 8vo. Leipsic, 1737, and numerous other botanical works). Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 440. D. C. prod. 3. p. 58. — Ludwigia species of Lin. and others. LiN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx cylin- drical, adhering to the ovarium ; limb 4-parted, the lobes almost permanent. Petals 4, alternating with the lobes of the calyx. Stamens 4, opposite the lobes of the calyx. Apex of ovarium or base of style pyramidal, tetragonal, 4-furrovved, glabrous in the furrows, and villous on the angles ; the stamens lying in the furrows. Style filiform, pyramidal from the apex. Stigma capitate, 4-furrowed, or 4-lobed. Capsule turbinate, or very much elongated, 4-celled, 4-valved, crowned by a cone-formed pyramid. Seeds numerous. — Branched Indian herbs. Leaves alternate, linear, on very short petioles, quite entire. Flowers axillary, almost sessile, yellow, furnished with two bracteoles at the base of the calyx. This genus is intermediate between Jussice a and Isndrdia ; from the former, it is distinguished in the stamens being equal in number to the petals, not double that number ; from the latter, in the capsule being elongated and ending in a cone-formed pyramid at the base of the style. The genus Ludwigia of Linnaeus is the same as Isndidia, 1 L. JussiiEoiDES (Lam. diet. 3. p. 588. but not of Michx.) erect, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate-linear, acuminated at both ends ; flowers pedicellate, almost bractless ; capsule elongated, nearly terete. — Native of the Mauritius and the East Indies. Stems terete, branched. Branches and leaves puberulous, when examined under a lens. Flower-bud ovate, acuminated. Cap- sule an inch long, but hardly a line in breadth. Perhaps the same as L. alternif tjlia of Burm. exclusive of the synonymes. Jussicea-like Ludwigia. PI. 1 foot. 2 L. fruticosa (Blume, bijdr. p. 1133.) stem erect, glabrous, shrubby, pentagonal ; leaves lanceolate, bluntly acuminated, with finely ciliated margins; flowers twin or crowded, axillary, sessile ; capsule linear, tetragonal. fj . B. S. Native of Java, near rivers and rivulets. There is a variety with narrow leaves. Allied to L. Jussiceoldes. Shrubby Ludwigia. Shrub 1 foot ? 3 L. leucoriii'za (Blume, 1. c.) stem erect, glabrous, herba- ceous, pentagonal ; leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate, bluntish, with the margins finely ciliated ; flowers at first capitate, but at length axillary, solitary, and sessile ; capsule elongated, clavate, tetragonal. — Native of Java, about Buitenzorg at the river Tjelinong. Root white, fusiform. Allied to L. fruticosa. JVhite-rootcd Ludwigia. PI. i, foot. 4 L. LYTHRoiDEs (Blum. bijdr. 1134.) stems erect, glabrous, pentagonal ; leaves linear, bluntish ; flowers pedicellate, fur- nished with 2 bracteas at the top of the pedicels ; capsule tetra- gonal, rather turbinate, short. — Native of the East Indies. Branches angular. Leaves oblong-linear, acute at the base. Bracteas one half shorter than the capsule. Pyramid of ovarium depressed at the base of the style. Stigma large, 4-lobed. Lytliruni-like Ludwigia. PI. ^ foot. 5 L. eriga'ta (Lin. mant. p. 40.) stem erect, smooth ; leaves alternate, lanceolate ; pedicels usually tern, 1 -flowered ; capsule subcubical, 4-angled ; petals small. 0. W. H. Native of the East Indies. L. triflora, Lam. diet. 3. p. 613. L. alternifolia, Burm. fl. ind. p. 36. exclusive of the synonymes. There are two plants in Burmann's herbarium under this name, one refer- rible to L. Jussiteoldcs and the other L. erigdta. Erigalcd Ludwigia. PI. 1 foot. 6 L. parviflora (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 440.) diffuse, glabrous ; flowers sessile or on short pedicels, bibracteolate at the base ; capsule linear, somewhat tetragonal. Q.B. H. Native of Bengal. Plant small, branched. Petals oblong, length of the calycine lobes. Bracteoles small. Small-flowered Ludwigia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. PI. I foot. 7 L. DiFFu'sA (Hamilt. in Lin. trans. 14. p. 301.) diftuse, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate ; flowers almost sessile ; capsule prismatic, tetragonal ; angles blunt ; ped\mcles one half shorter than the leaves. ©. Vv'. H. Native of the East Indies, in water. Rheed. mal. 2. t. 49. Jussice'a caryophyllce'a, var. a. Lam. diet. 3. p. 331. Diffuse Ludwigia. PI. diffuse. 8 L. prostra'ta (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 440.) lower branches prostrate and rooting ; flowers sessile, solitary, or numerous in the axils of the leaves ; capsules filiform ; seeds disposed in one series in each cell. ©. H. Native of Pegu. Prostrate Ludwigia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 to 2 ft. -|- Species hardly known. 9 L. pere'nnis (Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 173.) flowers pedicellate; capsule cylindrical ; stems diffiise ; leaves lanceolate. 1/ . W. S. Native of the East Indies, and Ceylon. Ludwigia, Lin. fl. zeyl. no. 66. Ludw. oppositifolia, Lin. syst. veg. p. 135. This species is hardly known, as Linnaeus, in his spec. pi. says the leaves are opposite, and in his fl. zeyl. alternate, and cites the figure in Rheed. mal. 2. t. 49. for his plant, and at the same time excludes it froin his mant. Perennial Ludwigia. PI. prostrate. 10 L. TRIFLORA (Burm. fl. ind. p. 37.) erect, herbaceous, ONAGRARI.E. XIII. Isnakdia. (Jf)7 smooth ; leaves opposite or tern, petiolate, ovate-lanceolate ; Howers nearly terminal, pedicellate. ©.? H. Native of Java. Isnardia trifolia, Poir. snppl. 3. p. 188. There is no specimen of this plant in the herbarium of Uurniann, and therefore the plant is tndy doubtful. Three-Jloivercd Ludvvigia. PI. 1 foot. Cult. None of the species of I.iulwigia are worth cidtivating, unless in botanic gardens. The perennial species should 1)0 grown in small pots, placed in jjans of water. The seeds of annual species may he reared in a hot-bed, and afterwards planted out in the open border, in a moist situation. XIII. ISNA'RDIA (so named by Linnaeus in memory of M. Antoine Dante Isnard, member of the Academy of Sciences, and who published descri]Uions of some plants in their memoirs for 171G. &c.). D. C. prod. 3. p. 5i). — Isnardia and Ludvvigia, Lin. gen. no. 15C. and 153. Juss. gen. p. ^.'JJ. and p. .'319. Lam. ill. t. 77. — Ludwigia, Ell. sketch. 1. p. 2 It. Spreng. syst. I. p. 4-1-t. but not of Roxb. — Dantia, Du Pet. Th. gen. p. 49. Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Monogynta. Tube of calyx ovate or subcylindrical (f. 99. a. d.), short, adhering to the ovarium ; limt) 4-parted, permanent (f. 99. />.). Petals sometimes 4, al- ternating with the lobes of the calyx, sometimes only rudiments of petals, and sometimes wanting altogether. .Stamens 4 (f. 99. f.) in front of the calycine lobes. Style filiform from the base, deciduous ; stigma capitate. Capsule obovate or nearly cylindrical (f. C9. /.), tetragonal, 4-valved, 4-celled, many- seeded, opening at the cells. — Aquatic or marsh herbs. Leaves entire, alternate, or opposite. Flowers axillary, sessile. .Sect. I. LrDwiGi.\ ria (see I.udmgia for derivation). D. C. prod. .'i. p. 60. — Ludwigia, Lin. Petals 4, sometimes larger tiian the calycine lobes, or equal in length to ihem, and some- times smaller. * Leaves alternate. 1 I. AtTERNiF6LiA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 66.) stem erect, branched, smoothish ; leaves alternate, lanceolate, rather scabrous on the margins, and hoary beneath; capsule obovate-globose, te- tragonal, with the angles winged ; calycine lobes large, co- loured ; petals a little longer than the caljx. 1^. B. H. Native of Virginia and Carolina, in marshes. Phik. aim. t. 203, f. 2. amalth. t. 412. f. 1. Ludwigia alternifolia, Lin. spec. 173. Lam. ill. t. 77. Gaertn. fr. 1. p. 31. f. 8. Ludwigia macro- carpa, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 89. Ludwigia ramosissima, Walt. Ludwigia microcarpa. Link, enuin. p. 141. Habit of Jussice a octamlra. Petals oval, yellow. Root emetic, and is called Boirman's root. Var. ji, salicifolia (D. C. 1. c.) flowers on very short pedicels. %. B. H. Native of Carolina. Ludwigia salicifolia, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 512. Lateral nerves of leaves confluent near the margins, giving the leaves the appearance of being 3-nerved. far. y, tiiiijtdra (D. C. 1. c.) stem simple ; flower terminal. — Native of New Jersey. Ludwigia uniflora, Rafln. in Desv. journ. bot. 1. p. 224. Allernatc-leaved Isnardia. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1752. PI. 2 ft. 2 I. iixEARts (D. C. prod. 1. c.) stem erect, branched, gla- brous, angular above ; leaves alternate, linear, acute, glabrous ; capsule oblong-turbinate, somewhat tetragonal, longer than the lobes of the calyx, which are linear-lanceolate ; petals longer than the calyx. ©. W. H. Native of Carolina, in ditches and marshes. Ludwigia linearis, Walt. car. p. 89. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 1 10. Ell. sketch. 1. p. 215. Ludwigia angustifolia, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 88. Ludwigia angustifolia /3, Poir. VOL. II. suppl. 3. J). 513. Flowers sessile, solitary, axillary. Petiils obovate, yellow. AiHcor-leaved Isnardia. PI. 2 to 5 feet. S I. viRfiA'xA (D. C. 1. c.) stem erect, twiggy, rather pubes- cent ", leaves linear, obtuse, glabrous ; flowers pedicellate, dis- posed in an elongated, spicate, nearly naked, raceme ; capsule globose, tetragonal ; ])ctals length of calyx. 11 . H. Native of Lower Carolina, in dry sandy woods. Ludwigia virgata, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 89. Ludwigia lijtea, Dose, iiuil. Ludwi'gia virgata, Ell. sketch. 1. p. 216. is perha])s diflerent. Petals yellow. Lobes of calyx, when in flower, longer than the tube. Twiggy Isnardia. PI. 1 foot. 4 I. iiiRsu^TA (Rocm. etSchultes, syst. 3. p. 477.) stem erect, branched, rather diH'use, hairy ; leaves alternate, lanceolate, rather hairy on both surfaces ; capsule globose, tetragonal ; peta's rather longer than the calyx. %. 1$. H. Native from New Jersey to Carolina, in swamps. Ludwigia pilosa, Walt. car. 89. Ell. sketch. 1. p. 216. Lam. diet. 3. p. 587. Flowers axillary, pedicellate, yellow. far. ji, permollis (D. C. prod. 3. p. 60.) leaves obtuse ; flowers on short pedicels. 2/. 15. H. Ludwigia permollis, Bart, fl. p. 52. Hairy Isnardia. PI. 2 feet. 5 I. MOLLIS (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 188.) stem erect, much branched, villous ; leaves lanceolate-oblong ; flowers rather crowded ; petals small, shorter than the calyx ; capsule globose. 1/. B. H. Native of Carolina ; frequent in bogs. Ludwigia mollis, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 90. Ell. sketch. 1. p. 214. Ludwigia riidis, Walt. car. p. 89. Ludwigia hirtella, Rafln. med. rap. 5. p. 356. Sufi Isnardia. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 6 I. capita'ta (D. C. prod. 3. p. 60.) stem erect, twiggy, glabrous, but the stolons are creeping and pubescent ; leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate, glabrous, acute at the apex and rounded at the base ; heads spicate, terminal ; petals shorter than the calyx ; capsule nearly globose ; calycine lobes short. 1^ . B. H. Native of Lower Carolina, in swamps. Ludwigia capitata, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 90. Ludwigia suffruticosa, Walt. car. p. 90. Petals yellow. Roots creeping. Capitate-tiowcTcd Isnardia. PI. ij to 1 foot. • • Leaves opposite. 7 I. PEDUNCULOSA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 60.) stems procumbent, rooting, pubescent ; leaves opposite, lanceolate ; pedicels a.xil- lary, very long ; capsule oblong-clavate ; petals exceeding the calycine lobes, which are lanceolate. 1^. B. II. Native of Virginia and Lower Carolina, in swamps near the sea. Lud- wigia pedunculosa, Michx. fl. hor. amer. 1. p. 88. Ell. sketch. 1. p. 215. Ludwigia acuata, Walt. fl. car. 86. Petals yellow. .S7n//:e(/-flowered Isnardia. PI. procumbent. 8 I. re'pens (D. C. I.e.) stems creeping, glabrous; leaves opposite, obovate; pedicels axillary, shorter than the leaves; petals ovale, much smaller than the calyx ; capsule oblong, te- tragonal. 1/ . B. S. Native of Jamaica, among stones on the banks of rivers. Habit of /. pahistris. Ludwigia repens, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. ]>. 273. icon. t. 8. Creeping Isnardia. PI. creeping. Sect. II. Da'ntia (see genus for the derivation). D. C. prod. 3. p. 61. — Dantia, Pet. Th. gen. 49. — Isnardia, Lin. gen. 156. Petals wanting. • Leaves opposite. 9 I. PALu'sTRls (Lin. spec. 175.) stems procumbent, rooting, glabrous; leaves opposite, ovate, acute ; flowers axillary, soli- 4U 698 ONAGRARI/E. XIII. Isnabdia. XIV. Lopezia. tary, sessile, apetalous. ©. W. FIG. 99. H. Native of Europe, Siberia, and Persia, in marslies and slow running waler ; in England, in a pool at Buxstead, Sussex. Schkuhr, handb. 1. t. 25. Hook. in engl. bot. suppl. t. 2593. Dantia palustris, Pet. Th. I.e. (f. 99.) Var, ft, Americana (D. C. 1. c.) leaves more acuminated at both ends. Q.W. H. Native of North America, in marshes and water, from Canada to Georgia ; and of Mexico. Ludwigia apetala, Walt. car. 89. Ludwigia nitida, Michx. L. paliistris, Torrey. Marsh Isnardia. Fl. Jidy. Britain. PI. creeping. * * Leaves alternate. 10 I. alVta (D. C. prod. 3. p. Gl.) stems diffuse, branched, glabrous, distinctly angidar and winged ; leaves lanceolate- cuneated, decurrent, glabrous ; flowers sessile, axillary, apeta- lous ; capsule cubical, a little winged. %. B. H. Native of North America, in Sullivan Island. Ludwigia alata, Ell. sketch. 1. p. 212. Winged-alemmeA Isnardia. PI. diffuse. 11 I. microca'rpa (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 188.) stems procumbent, a little winged, quite smooth ; leaves alternate, obovate-spatu- late, obscurely glandular-toothed on the margins ; flowers axil- lary, sessile, apetalous ; capsule small, rather square. ©. B. H. Native of Lower Carolina, in swamps. Ludwigia microcarpa, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 88. Ludwigia glandulosa, Pursh. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 111. Habit almost of a species of ^m/nania. Small'fru'tied Isnardia, PI. procumbent. 12 1. sph;eroca'rpa (D. C. prod. 3. p. 61.) stem erect, branched, glabrous, hardly angular ; leaves alternate, linear- lanceolate, acute at both ends, when young rather downy ; flowers axillary, sessile, apetalous ; capsule globose, small, pubescent. If,. B. H. Native of South Carolina, about Orangeburgh. Lud- wigia sphserocarpa. Ell. sketch. 1. p. 213. Roiind-fruitcd Isnardia. PI. ^ foot. 13 I. CYLiNDKicA (D. C. 1. c.) Stem erect, branched, glabrous, subangular ; leaves alternate, lanceolate, hardly denticulated ; flowers axillary, sessile ; lobes of calyx subserrated ; capsule cylindrical, i;. B. H. Native of Georgia, and perhaps of South Carolina. Ludwigia cylindrica. Ell. sketch. 1. p. 13. Jussiae'a brachycarpa. Lam. diet. 3. p. 331. Ludwigia hetero- phylla, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 512. ? Cylindrical-fruhed Isnardia. PI. 1 foot. 1-1 I. lanceola ta (D. C. prod. 3. p. 61.) stem erect, twiggy, angular, glabrous ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, glabrous, rather decurrent ; flowers sessile, axillary, apetalous ; capsule cubical, winged. 1/ . B. H. Native of Georgia and Carolina, in marshes. Ludwigia lanceolata. Ell. sketch. 1. p. 213. Lanceolate-haved Isnardia. PL 1 foot. •j- Species hardly known. 15 I.? RAMOsA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 61.) stems procumbent, rooting, branched, glabrous ; leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate ; flowers nearly sessile, axillary, li. B. H. Native country un- known. Ludwigia ramosissima. Roth. cat. 3. p. 2-1'. ? but not of Walt. Petals white, ex Willd. one half shorter than the calyx, ex Roth. Capsule elliptic, ex Willd. tetragonal, ex Roth. Stipulas joined to the leaves, ex Roth. Perhaps the plant of Willd. is the same as that of Roth. Branched Isnardia. PL creeping. 1 16 1. auranti'aca (D. C. 1. c.) stem erect, branched ; leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, alternate, acute, glabrous ; flowers ax- illary ; petals length of calyx. — Native of Newcastle, Dela- ware, Chester, and Pennsylvania, in North America. Ludwigia aurantiaca, Rafin. in Desv. journ. 1. p. 224. Flowers orange- coloured. The rest unknown. Orange-coloured- flowered Isnardia. PL 1 to 2 feet. Cult. None of the species are worth cultivating, except in botanical gardens. Their cidture and propagation is the same as that for Ludwigia, see p. 697. Tribe V. CIRCjE'EjH (plants .agreeing with Circaea in important cha- racters). D. C. prod. 3. p. 61. Tube of calyx not drawn out beyond the ovarium, but dividing immediately (f. 100. a.), de- ciduous. Fruit capsular, ovate-globose (f. 100. e.). Stamens 2, one of which is usually converted into a petal (f. 100. b.). — Herbs or subshrubs. Leaves opposite, petiolate, cordate, or ovate. Flowers racemose. XIV. LOPE'ZIA (in honour of Thomas Lopez, a Spanish bo- tanist, who is said to have directed his attention to the natural history of the New World). Cav. icon. 1. p. 12. t. 18. Juss. gen. 3. p. 30. t. 30. f. 4. Schrank, pi. rar. hort. men. t. 20. nov. act. bonn. 9. p. 90. D. C. prod. 3. p. 62.— Pisaura, Bonat. mon. 1793. LiN. SYST. Moniindria, Alonogynia. Limb of calyx 4- parted (f. 100. g.), deciduous. Petals 4, irregular (f. 100. /(.). Stamens 2, only 1 of which bears an anther (f. 100. c), the other opposite, sterile, petal-formed (f. 100. 6.), usually of a dif- ferent colour from the true petals. .Stigma capitate (f. 100. d.). Capsule naked, subglobose (f. 100. e.), 4-celled, divided into 4 valves at the apex of the cells ; valves adnate to the central placenta by the dissepiments. Seeds small, numerous. — Erect herbs or subshrubs. Leaves toothed, alternate, rarely opposite. Racemes terminating the stem and branches. Flowers small, pedicellate, purple, or red. 1 L. RACEMOSA (Cav. icou. l.p. 12. t. 18.) herbaceous, nearly glabrous ; leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, serrated, tapering to the base ; racemes terminating the branches ; bracteas much shorter than the pedicels. 0. H. Native of Mexico. Curt, bot. mag. 254. Bonpl. nav. t. 25. L. Mexicana, Jacq. icon, rar. t. 203. Pisaiira automorpha, Bonato, mon. 1793. with a figure. Sterile stamen white. Petioles ciliated. 7J«ee?noie-flowered Lopezia. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1792. PL 1 to 1 g foot. 2 L. corda'ta (Horn. hort. hafn. add. p. 949.) plant gla- brous ; branches sulcately angular ; leaves alternate, roundish- ovate, cordate, rather ciliated. ©. H. Native of Mexico ? CWrfnfe-leaved Lopezia. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1821. PL 1-1 ft. 3 L. coRONA'TA(Andr.bot.rep. 55 1 .)plant glabrous; branches an- gular; leaves alternate, ovate,ser- rated, attenuated at the base ; ra- cemes terminating the branches ; lower bracteas exceeding the pe- dicels. ©. H. Native of Mex- ico. Jacq. fil. eclog. t. 110. L. axillaris, Schweigger, in Koe- nigsb. arch. nat. 1812. p. 236. L. minijta. Lag. gen. et spec. 1. no. I. L. Mexicana ft, coro- nata, D. C. hort. monsp. 1813. p. 39. Sterile stamen white. Crojiin-flowered Lopezia. FL July, Sept. Clt. 1804. PL U ft. 4 L. mi'nima (Lag. ex Schrank, FIG. 100. ONAGRARl.E. XIV. Lopf.zia. XV. Circea. XVI. I'lel nosTi;.MON-. (>f)9 nov. act. bonn. 9. p. 192.) plant . t. 15. f. 4.) stem suffVu- tescent, hairy, terete ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, hairy, subser- rated ; racemes terminating the branches. 0. H. Native of Mexico. Sterile stamen the same colour as the petals. Hairy Lopezia. Fl. Sept. Nov. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 9 L. pube'scens (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 92.) stem branched, glabrous, terete, as well as the downy branches ; leaves oval-oblong, acute, pubescent. O.H. Native of Mexico ? Pubescent Lopezia. PI. 1 foot. 10 L. pu Mir.A (Bonpl. nav. p. 57.) stem simple, hairy, terete; leaves on short petioles, ovate, acute, toothed, upper ones lan- ceolate, pilose on both surfaces ; racemes terminal ; flowers on long pedicels. ©. H. Native of Mexico, on hills between Guanaxuato and Santa Rosa. Bracteas shorter than the pedi- cels. Calyx glabrous. jDnY/r/ Lopezia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1824. PI. i foot. Cull. All the species are elegant border annuals, when in flower, and most of them will live through many winters, and become suffrutescent, if sheltered from the frost. They are of easy culture, the seeds only requiring to be sown in the border early in spring, or sown on a hot-bed to forward the plants, which may afterwards be planted out in the open border. A light soil and warm situation suit them best. XV. CIRCiE'A {Circe, in mythology, the famous enchantress; in reference to the fruit, whicli lays hold of the clothes of pas- sengers, from being covered with hooked prickles, as Circe is fabled to have done by her enchantments). Tourn. inst. t. 155. Lin. gen. no. 24. Lam. ill. t. IC. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 114. t. 24. D. C. prod. 3. p. 63. LiN.svsT. Diandria, Monogynia. Calyx deciduous, tubular, with a 2-partcd limb. Petals 2, alternating with the lobes of the calyx. Stamens 2, alternating with the petals, inserted into the calyx. Disk large, cup-shaped, filling up the whole of the tube of the calyx, and projecting beyond it. Ovarium 2- celled, with an erect ovulum in each cell. Style simple, arising out of the disk. '.Stigma emarginate. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved, 2-seeded. Seeds solitary, erect, without albumen. Embryo erect, with a short inferior radicle. — Herbaceous plants. Roots creeping. Leaves opposite, stalked, toothed. Flowers in ter- minal and lateral racemes, covered with uncinate hairs. This genus differs from the rest of Onagrariii; in its lari^e fleshy disk, in its solitary, erect ovula, and in the binary division of the flower ; it is connected with this order through Lopezia, with which it cannot, however, be absolutely associated, and bears about the same relation to Onagrurice, as is borne by Ilalortigece. 1 C. LuTETiA^NA (Lin. spec. 12.) stem erect, pubescent ; leaves ovate, acuminated, toothed, opaque and downy, longer than the petioles. J/ . H. Native of Europe, in moist shady places; plentiful in some parts of Britain. Fl. dan. t. 210. Schkuhr, handb. t. 2. Smith, engl. hot. t. 1026. C. vulgaris, Mocnch. C. pubescens, Pohl. ('.. ovalifolia, Gray. The roots are creeping ; and have been considered detersive. Flowers pale red. Anthers and style whitish. Stigma red. P'ar. /3, Canadensis (Lin. 1. c.) stem glabrous. 2/. H. Native of North America, particularly in Canada, .about Lake Huron and Montreal, as well as in the United States. C. Canadensis, Muhl. cat. p. 2. C. Lutetiana, Bigcl. fl. bost. p. 8. Parisian or Common Enchantress Nightshade. Fl. June, Jul. Britain. PI. 1 to li foot. 2 C. ALPi^NA (Lin. spec. 1 2.) stems ascending, smoothish ; leaves cordate, toothed, shining, length of petioles, mem- branous. Tf.. H. Native of Eurojie, in moist, shady, stony places ; plentiful in some parts of the north of England and Scotland, and almost throughout all North America. Smith, engl. hot. t. 1057. Lam. ill. t. 16. f. 2. C. cordifhyllon, a leaf; in reference to tlie narrow segments of the leaves.). Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 211. — Purshia, Rafin. but not of D. C. Flowers all hermaphrodite, tetrandrous. Pe- tals wanting. Anthers roundish. Stigmas minute, pubescent. Leaves alternate. 16 M. ambi'guum (Nutt. 1. c.) leaves alternate, petiolate, lower ones cut into capillary lobes, upper ones into linear lobes, uppermost ones almost entire or serrated. 1/ . W. H. Native of North America, in ponds in New Jersey. Var. a, nutans (D. C. prod. 3. p. 70.) stems floating, dichoto- mous. 1/ . W. H. Native of Jersey, New York, floating in water. Var. ji, Umhsum (Nutt. 1. c.) stem rooting, erect ; leaves stiff", almost entire or trifid ; lobes setaceous, acute. ■2<;. B. H. Na- tive on the banks of the Delaware, and in New Jersey. Ambiguous Water-milfoil. PI. fl. Cult. All the species of MijrioiilujUum being aquatic plants if cultivated should be grown in ponds, in which they may be either planted or the seeds thrown in. Small parts of the tro- pical species should be taken up in the autumn, planted in a pan of water, and then to be placed in the stove, in order to preserve them in a living state during the winter ; and in the course of the April or May next season may again be returned to the pond in the open air, where they will thrive much better than if grown all the year round in pans of water or cisterns in a hot-house. None of the species are, however, worth growing except in botanical gardens. Tribe II. CALLITRICHI'NEiE (plants agreeing with Callilriclie in important characters). Link, enuiu. hort. berol. 1. p. 7. D. C. prod. 3. p. 70. Limb of calyx hardly discernible. Petals wanting. Stamen 1, rarely 2. Fruit 4-celled, 4-seeded (f. 103. €.).■ — Aquatic herbs, with opposite leaves, and insignificant axillary solitary flowers. VII. CALLI'TRICHE (a name given by Pliny to a plant which Iiad the colour of beautiful hair, from kuXKoc, kallos, beau- tiful, and 6pit rpi-j^oQ, thrix trichos, a hair, but the present genus has nothing to do with the plant of Pliny). Lin. gen. 13. Lam. ill. t. 5. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. .330. t. G8. A. Richard, diet, class. 3. p. 59. D. C. prod. 3. p. 70.— Stellaria, Dill. gen. p. 119. t. 6. but not of Lin. Lin. gen. Monandria, Monogijnia, or Polygamia, Monce'cia. Flowers usually bisexual, monoecious, with 2 opposite petaloid bracteas at the base of each flower. Styles 2 (f. 103. a.), subu- late.— Smooth annual aquatic herbs. 1 C. ve'rna (Lin. spec. 2.) leaves triple-ribbed, the upper- most crowded and obovate ; margin of fruit obtuse ; fruit sessile. ©. W. H. Native throughout the whole of Europe, and of North America, in ditches and slow running streams ; plentiful in Britain. Smith, engl. hot. t. 722. Wahl. fl. lapp. 2. Wallr. ann. hot. p. 1. C. aquatica var. Smith, fl. brit. 1. p. 8. C. sessilis, Vahl. var. D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. no. 3655. C. pallens, Goldb. act. mosc. 5. p. 118. Gray, brit. pi. 2. p. 555. Var. a, vtilgaris (D. C. prod. 3. p. 70.) leaves all obovate. C. verna, Fl. dan. t. 129. C. aquatica, Huds. fl. ang. p. 397. Jar. ji, intermedia (Hoftm. fl. germ. 1791. p. 2.) lower leaves linear, obtuse or emarginate, upper ones oval. Schkuhr, handb. t. 1. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 3. C. aquatica, Bigel. fl. host. p. 2. Jar. y, linearis (D. C. 1. c.) leaves all linear, upper ones scarcely obovate, 3-nerved. In ditches about Moscow. Stems short, creeping. Var. B, slellata (Hopp. bot. tasch. 1792. p. 758.) leaves all oval ; stems short. C. ajstivalis, Thuill. fl. par. p. 2. Var. e, ccespitosa (Schultz, prod, starg. p. 3.) leaves all oval, stiffish, small ; stems short, stellately spreading. In very shal- low water or among mud. C. verna minima, Wallr. ann. bot. p. 1. J ar. i^, rigidida (Wallr. in litt. D. C. prod. 3. p. 70.) leaves all ovate-oblong, opaque, stiffish ; stems rooting. Native of Thiu'ingia. J^ar. •&, temiifoUa (Pers. ench. 1. p. 5.) leaves all linear, upper ones 3-nerved. In humid, hardly inundated places. To this polymorphous species the following names probably appertain, viz. C. dioica, Pentag. inst. bot. 2. p. 10. C. Brutia, Pentag. 1. c. C. androgyna or C. kermaj^hrodita. Schum ; but these are extremely doubtful. Spring Water-starwort. Fl. April, Oct. Britain. PI. fl. 2 C. peduncula^ta (D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. no. 3656.) lower leaves linear, upper ones oblong, 3-nerved; fruit pedicellate ; margin of carpels obtuse. ©. W. H. Native of France, in stagnant water ; also of Scotland, in ditches. Hook, in engl. bot. suppl. 2606. Stalk of fruit from 1 to 3 lines long, upper ones the shortest. Stalked-fruhcd Water-starwort. 3 C. autumna'lis (Lii Fl. Apr. Oct. Scotl. PI. fl. FIG. 103. spec, p. 2.) leaves linear, abrupt, sin- gle ribbed, uniform ; fruit ses- sile ; margin of fruit membra- nous. ©.W.H. Native through- out Europe and North America, in clear pools, lakes, and slow running streams. Smith, engl. bot. t. 722. f. 2. C. aquatica, var. Smith, fl. brit. 1. p. 8. C. sessilis var. D. C. fl. fr. C. an- gustifolia, Hoppe, bot. tasch. 1792. p. 155. C. linearis, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 3. C. virens, Goldb. act. mosc. 5. p. 119. Gray. brit. pi. 2. p. 556. — Gmel. sib. 3. t. 1. Flowers often her- maphrodite. Cells of leaves very fine. This plant is distinguished by its narrower leaves and deeper green colour at first sight. Autumnal Water-starwort. Fl. June, Oct. Britain. PL fl. 4 C. terre'stris (Rafin. med. spec. xi. p. 358.) leaves ap- proximate, short, oblong, obtuse, rather succulent ; fruit sessile, HALORAGE^. VII. CALuxmciiE. VIII. IImiuris. CLvRATOPHYLLEiE. I. Cekatopiiyilum. ro.'> FIG. 104. broad, sliort, emargiiiate. ©. W. H. Native of Nortli Ame- rica, in iiiarslics aiul on the borders of rivers, especially in New Jersey. Torrey, fl. un. st. 1. j). !■. C. brcvifolia, Pursti, fl. anier. sept. I . p. .'i. Plant procumbent, diHuse. Ground Water-starwort. PI. proc. Cvll. Tlie species of Callilriclic are not worth cultivating. The seeds only recpiirc to be thrown in a pond of water, or the ])lants may be planted in it. Tribe III. HIPPUUI DE.1E (plants agreeing with Hi/ipuTis in important characters). Link, ennm. hort. berl. 1. p. 5. Limb of calyx small, entire. Petals wanting. Stamen 1 (f lOt. f.). Fruit nu- camentaceous (f. lOt. no;i Marestail. Fl. May, .lune. Britain. PI. 1 foot. 2 II. monta'na (Ledeb. in Rchb. icon. bot. 1. t. 86. no. 181.) plant weak; leaves 7 in a whorl, linear, acute. %• W. H. Na- tive of the island of Unalaschka, in ditches and lakes. H. Escholzii, Cham, in litt. Habit of a species of Galium. Per- haps only a variety of H. vulgaris. Mountain Marestail. PI. i foot. 3 H. mari'tlma (Hellen. diss, with a figure,) leaves linear, obtuse, 4 in the lower whorls, and 5-7 in the upper whorls. %. \V. H. Native of Sweden and Finland, iS.c. in salt water. Horn. fl. dan. t. 1261. Rchb. t. 86. f. 182. H. lanceolata, Retz, obs. 3. p. 7. t. 1. H. tetraphylla, Lin. fil. suppl. 81. The leaves are much shorter and a little broader than those of //. vulgiris. Maritime Marestail. PI. 1 foot. Cull. Not worth cultivating unless in botanical gardens. The species should be grown in ponds or cisterns of water, if cultivated. Order XCV. CERATOPHY'LLEiE (plants agreeing with VOL. II. Ceralopliijllum in important characters). Gray. brit. ]>!. 2. p. 554. D. C. prod. 3. p. 73. Flowers monoecious. Calyx or perigonc free, many-parted (10-12); lobes equal. Petals none. Male. Stamens 12-20; filaments wanting ; anthers ovate-oblong, 2-celled, sessile, and crowded in the centre of the calyx, furnished each with 2 (f 105. (/.) -3 points. Female. Ovary free, ovate, 1 -celled. Stigma sessile, filiform, incurved, oblique (f. 105. e.). Nut 1-celled, 1-seeded (f. 105. 6.), indehiscent, terminated by the hardened style. Seeds pendulous. Albumen none. Embryo straight, with a superior radicle, 4 cotyledons in a whorl, which are alter- nately smaller, and a many-leaved plumule. — ^Floating herbs, with whorls of multifid cellular leaves (f. 105./.); the segments filiform, and serrated along the edges. This is a very distinct order, but whose proper station in the natural system is not well known. It agrees with Conifcrcr in the many-whorled cotyledons, but the habit is wholly dift'erent. In habit it agrees with Mi/riojihijllum on the one hand, and on the other with Hippkris, and in many characters with the last, especially in the want of petals, in the 1-celled ovary, in the nucamentaceous fruit, in the solitary pendulous seed, as well as in habit, from the leaves being in whorls, from the axillary ses- sile, usually unisexual flowers, and in its habitat, but differs in the free ovarium and the many cotyledons. I. CERATOPHY'LLUM (from Ktpac, keras, a horn, and . 161.) branches from tetragonal to terete, and are as well as the panicles and petioles clothed with crowded, spreading, somewhat deflexed bristles ; leaves on long petioles, ovate, blunt at the base, acute at the apex, tootlied, ciliated, clothed with stiff villi on both surfaces, 7-nerved ; panicles axillary and terminal, with o|)posite spread- ing branches ; petals 7, linear-lanceolate, acute. H . S. Native of Brazil. Melastoma bisepteniitum, Schrank et Mart. mss. Bristles long, rufous. Calyx hispid, 5-cleft. Style filiform. Anthers ol)long, obtuse, said to be allied to A. agrislis. Biseptcnate-Rowered Clidemia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. ***** Panicles terminal, n-ith the branches spreading, and bearing ihejloroers on one side only. 71 C. iietehoba'sis (D. C. 1. c.) branchlets somewhat tetra- gonal, and are as well as the panicles, petioles, and leaves, espe- cially on the under surface, clothed with soft hairs or down ; leaves on long petioles, ovate, uneijually cordate at the base, acuminated at the apex, 5-7-nerved, acutely and unequally tootlied, ciliated; panicle terminal; calyx ratiicr glandular, hispid, with 5 short, acuminated lobes. \^ . S. Native of Bra- zil, in the province of Para. Melastoma heterobasis. Mart, herb. Melast. solcniferum, Schrank, descr. Petioles 12-lJ lines long. Flowers small Anthers violaceous, obtuse, .\llied to C. sccunda, but truly distinct from it in the leaves being somewhat cordate at the base, in being toothed, not serrated, and in the hairs being soft, not bristly, &c. Unef/iial-based-leaveil Clidemia. Shrub. 72 C. interme'dia (D. C. 1. c.) branches terete, and are as well as the panicles, calyxes, petioles, and leaves clothed with adpressed bristles ; leaves on long petioles, ovate, acuminated, obtuse at the base and somewhat cordate, ciliately serrated, 5- nerved ; panicle terminal, with its branches spreading and bifid; flowers sessile, secund. f; . S. Native of Brazil, in woods at Rio Negro. Melastoma hispidum, Mart. herb. Very like C. secumla, but differs in the leaves being of the form of those of C. heterobasis. Intermediate Clidemia. Shrub. 73 C. SECUNUIFLOKA (D. C. 1. c.) branchlcts terete, and are as well as the calyxes, panicles, petioles, and leaves clothed with adpressed stiff villi ; leaves petiolate, oval, acuminated, ciliately serrated, 5-ncrved, or almost quintuple-nerved ; panicle terminal, with its branches spreading and bilid ; flowers sessile, secund. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in woods, at Para, and Rio Negro. Melastoma secundum, Mart, et Schrank, mss. The habit of the plant and the inflorescence agrees with C. laccrum, but differs in the hairs being adpressed, not spreading, in the li)bes of the calyx being entire, not ciliately jagged, and in the bracteas being linear-subulate, not almost wanting. Anthers obtuse. Secund-Jliijvcred Clidemia. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 74 C. injEqualifolia (D. C. 1. c.) branches from tetragonal to terete, aiul are as well as the petioles and panicles clothed with spreading hairs ; leaves petiolate, oval, obtuse at the base, ending each in a long, narrow acumen at the apex, serrulated, 774 MELASTOMACEiE. XLVIII. Clidemia. XLIX. Mvriaspora. L. Tococa. 5-nerved, bristly above, but clothed with villi beneath, those opposite each other usually of a different size ; panicles ter- minal, fj . S. Native of Brazil, in woods, in the province of Para. Melastoma insequalifolium, Schrank et Mart. mss. Leaves sometimes equal in size, sometimes very unequal, the larger ones C-7 inches long, and the smaller ones 1-2 inches. Flowers small, 5-cleft. Style filiform, exserted. Anthers not auricled at the base. Unequal-leaved Clidemia. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 75 C. la'cera (D. C. 1. c.) branches terete, and are as well .Ts the petioles and peduncles hispid from long, scattered, spread- ing bristles ; leaves petiolate, oval-lanceolate, acuminated, 5- nerved, denticulated, ciliated, hairy on both surfaces ; branches of terminal panicle dichotomous ; flowers sessile, secund ; calyx with a globose tube : and 5 lobes, which are furnished with pal- mately disposed bristles at the apex. Pj . S. Native of New Granada, on Mount Quindiu, and at the town of Mariquita. Melastoma lacera, Bonpl. mel. t. 5. Petals oval, white. Berry 3-celled. Jagged-caiyaeA Clidemia. vShrub 3 to 6 feet. 76 C. secu'nda (D. Don, in mem. wern. soc. 4. p. 308.) leaves oval, acuminated, 5-nerved, crenulated, rounded at the base, very pilose on both surfaces as well as the stems ; panicle terminal, divaricate, with bifid, many-flowered bracteas ; flowers secund. ^ . S. Native of Peru. Melastoma seciinda, Pav. in herb. Lamb. /SMe-flowered Clidemia. Shrub 3 to 4 ft. 77 C. Lambertia'na (D.C. prod. 3. p. 164.) leaves oblong, cordate, acute, S-nerved, crenidated, very pilose on both sur- faces as well as on the stems ; panicle ample ; flowers sessile ; calyx scaly at the base. \i . S. Native of Peru. Melastoma crenata, Pav. in herb. Lamb, but not of Vahl. Clidemia cre- nata, D. Don, mem. wern. soc. 4. p. 308. Melastoma Lamber- tiana. Ser. mss. Lambert's Clidemia. Shrub. Cult. The species of Clidemia are by no means showy, and on that account are not very desirable. Their culture and propagation are the same as that for Melastoma, see p. 764. XLIX. MYRIA'SPORA (from^vptac, myrias,& myriad, and mropa, spora, a seed ; in reference to the innumerable seeds contained in the fruit). D. C. prod. 3. p. 165. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monngynia. Calyx very hispid, with an ovate-globose tube ; limb closed when in a young state, and therefore constituting an ovate bud, but at length separating into 5 irregular broad lobes. Petals 5. Stamens 10 ; filaments short ; anthers thick, rather obtuse, gibbous at the base. Style filiform. Free part of ovarium beset with bristles. Capsule baccate, ovate-globose, 5-celled. Seeds innumerable, ovate, imbedded in the pidp of the fruit. — Brasilian shrubs. Branches terete, hispid. Leaves petiolate, rather imequal at the base, quintuple-nerved, acuminated, dentately serrated, hispid on the nerves, the rest beset with scattered bristles. Peduncles axil- lary, 1-3, short. Fruit large, very hispid. 1 M. Ege'nsis (D. C. prod. 3. p. 165.) leaves oblong; lobes of calyx hispid on both sides. 1; . S. Native of Brazil, in woods, at Ega, in the province of Rio Negro. Melastoma Egense, Mart. herb. Blackia Egensis, Schrank, mss. Ega Myriaspora. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 2 M. Paule'nsis (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oval; lobes of calyx glabrous on the inside. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the pro- vince of Rio Negro. Melastoma Paulense, Schrank, mss. Perhaps only a broad-leaved variety of M. Egensis, St. Paul Myriaspora. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. Cult. See Melastoma, p. 764. for culture and propagation. L. TOCO'CA {Tococo is the name of T. Guianensis by the Indians of Guiana). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 438. D. C. prod. 3. p. 165. Tococa species, D. Don, in mem. wern. soc. 4. p. 303. — Melastoma species of authors. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogijnia. Tube of calyx oblong, glabrous, naked at the base ; limb urceolate, permanent, 5- lobed : lobes broad, short, obtuse, usually ciliated. Petals 5, obovate. Stamens 10 ; anthers equal, furnished each with a very short or hardly evident connective, which is biauriculate at the base. Ovarium crowned by a circular line of bristles. Style cylindrical, crowned by a large, orbicidarly peltate stigma. Capsule baccate, 5-celled. Seeds ovate, angular, with a linear hylum. — South American shrubs, hispid from thick hairs or bristles. Branches tetragonal. Leaves opposite, equal, 3-5- nerved. Petioles short, bristly, tumid, or inflated at the apex into 2 bladders, which are ojjen at the apex. Flowers white or rose-coloured, disposed in a thyrse composed of racemes. 1 T. Guiane'nsis (Aubl. I. c. t. 174.) branches tetragonal or compressed between the nodes, covered with bristles on the angles ; leaves broadly ovate, acuminated, hardly crenulated, 5 -nerved, bristly on the nerves and margins, and beset with scattered bristles above ; petioles inflated above ; panicle terminal ; calyx rather pilose. Tj . S. Native of Guiana. Melastoma physo- phora, Vahl. eel. 1. p. 45. Poir. suppl. 3. p. 629. Melast. Tococa, Desr. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 39. Petiole hardly 3 lines long beneath the bladder, which is subglobose. Limb of calyx campanulate, with the teeth broad at the base and acute at the apex, ciliated. Petals concave, rose-coloured. Berry oval, purple. T. Aublfetia, D. Don, 1. c. Guiana Tococa. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1826. Sh. 3 to 4 ft. 2 T. FORMIC a'ta (Mart. herb, ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 165.) branches somewhat tetragonally terete, beset with long, scat- tered bristles ; leaves equal, oval, acuminated, 5-nerved, ser- rated, beset with bristles on the margins and on the nerves be- neath, but with scattered bristles above ; petioles inflated at the apex ; panicle terminal ; calyx glabrous. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, in woods. Very like the preceding species. Leaves 1 0 inches long. Petiole almost an inch long, beneath the bladder, which is ovate and erect. Lobes of calyx awned. Insect Tococa. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 3 T. bulli'fera (Mart, et Schrank, mss. ex D. c. 1. c.) branches terete, but tetragonal at the apex as well as the rachis, sparingly pilose ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, ciliated, almost quite entire, 5-ncrved, membranous, beset with minute, scattered bristles on both surfaces ; petiole inflated into an elon- gated bladder ; calyx rather pilose. \ . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Para, in woods. The rachis of the simple raceme nearly tetragonal. Petiole 4 lines long, beneath the bladder, which is nearly an inch long. Blister-hearing Tococa. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 4 T. VESICULOSA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 166.) stem beset with spreading pili ; leaves hardly unequal, on long petioles, ovate, 5-nerved, acute, bearing 2 bladders at the apex of the petiole ; cyme panicled, axillary, pedunculate. 1? . S. Native of Mexico. Melastoma vesiculosa, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers small, rose-coloured. Bladdery-^ei\o\eA Tococa. Shrub 2 feet. 5 T. sangui'nea (D. Don, in mem. wern. soc. 4. p. 305.) the whole plant clothed with blood-coloured hairs ; leaves cordate, oval, acuminated, 5-nerved, crenulated, densely clothed with stiff" hairs on both surfaces as well as the stem ; calyx furnished with scales at the base ; filaments glandular ; style short. Ij . S. Native of Peru. Zifoody-haired Tococa. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. Cult. The plants of this genus are remarkable for bearing MELASTOMACIwE. LI. Maieta. LIF. Calophvsa. LIII. Sonkru.a. blaiklcrs on their petioles. Tlieir cuhiire anil piopajration is the same as that recommended for Mcldstoma, see p. 76 -t. LI. MAIE'TA (the aiulior docs not explain the meaning of this name). Aiibl. guian. 1. \i. 4iy. hut not of Vent. D. C. prod. ;i. p. ICG. — Tococa, spec. D.Don. — Melastonias))cc. of authors. Lin. syst. Dcc^indriii, Munogijnia. Tube of calyx oblong- ovate, more or less hispid, and usually bracteate ; lobes 5, subulate. Petals 5, obovate. Stamens 10. Anthers equal, each furnished with a very short connective, which is biauricu- lated behind. Ovarium glabrous above, and as if it were trun- cate. Style fdiform ; stigma capitate. Capsule baccate, j- celled. Seeds ovate, angular. — American sulishrubs, hispid from thick pili. Branches from compressed to terete. Leaves on short petioles, those opposite each other of unequal size, the largest of the two bladdery at the base of the limb ; the blad- ders usually confluent. Flowers solitary or few in the axils of the leaves. 1 M. Guiane'ksis (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 44J. t. 176.) branches and petioles beset with spreading bristles ; leaves on short pe- tioles, of unequal size, the larger ones ovate, acuminated, some- what denticulated, 5-nerved, obtuse at the base, bearing a bladder at the base of the limb, the smaller ones oblong, w ith- out any bladder ; flowers axillary, solitary, on short pedicels ; teeth of calyx subulate, elongated ; bracteas 4, acuminated, fj . S. Native of French Guiana, in woods. Melastonia Mai(?ta, Desr. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 34. Tococa Maieta, D. Don, in mem. soc. 4. p. 303. Flowers white. Guiana Maieta. Shrub 2 feet. 2 M. hypophy'sica (D. C. prod. 3. p. 166.) branches and petioles beset with a few spreading bristles ; leaves of unequal size, on short petioles, the larger ones oval, acuminated, some- what serrulated, 5-nerved, obtuse at the base, bearing a bladder at the base of the limb, the smaller ones oval-oblong, acumin- ated, without any bladder ; flowers axillary, numerous, almost sessile ; teeth of calyx short, subulate ; bracteas 1-, broad, each ending in a short acumen. ^i . S. Native of Brazil, in woods. Melastonia Maieta and M. hypophysicum, Schrank et Mart, mss. Very near M. Guianinsis, but differs in the branches being more compressed and less bristly, but the calyxes are more bristly and teetii shorter. Undcr-blad(lcr-\ea\ed Maieta. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 3 M. iieterophy'lla (D. C. 1. c.) branches and petioles his- pid from spreading bristles ; leaves of unequal size, the larger ones petiolate, bearing 2 bladders at the top of the petiole, oval- oblong, acuminated, the smaller leaves sessile, cordate, and stem-clasping, nearly orbicular, mucronate, not bladdery ; cymes axillary, pedunculate, few- flowered. Ij . S. Native of Peru. Melastonia heterophylla, Desr. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 43. Tococa heterophylla, D. Don, 1. c. Vatiable-leavfd Maieta. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. Cult. See Melasloma for culture and propagation, p. 764. LII. CALO'PHYSA (kuXor, halos, pretty, and (pvaa, jj/njsa, a bladder ; in reference to stipular bladders at the base of the petioles). D. C. prod. 3. p. 1C6. LiK. SYST. Oclihidria, iMonogijnia. Tube of calyx oblong, enlarging with the fruit, and roundish, and therefore bottle- shaped ; lobes 4, broad, short, plumosely ciliated from bristles. Petals 4, obovate. Stamens 8 ; filaments flat, tapering to the apex. Anthers oblong, without auricles. Style filiform, not capitate at the apex. Capsule baccate, 4-celled. Seeds ovate, angular ? — A Brazilian shrub, allied to Tocuca, but differs in the bladders not being at the apex of the petiole but at the base, apparently in place of sti])ulas, in the parts of the flowers being quaternary, not quinary, in the calyx being at length bottle- shaped, in the anthers being without auricles, and in the stigma not being dilated. 1 C. Tococoi'nEA (D. C. 1. c). Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in shady places. Branches terete, and are as well as the petioles beset with spreading, stiff' bristles. Bladders roundish, one on each side at the base of the petiole. Leaves cordate, acute, 7-nerved, toothed, ciliated, beset with scattered bristles above, and witii bristles on the nerves beneath, but glandular between the nerves. Cymes few-flowered, axillary, crowded, short. 7'ocuca-likc Calophysa. Shrub. Call. See Mcldstoma for culture and propagation, p. 764. LIII. SONEIU'LA (Sootli Soner'i-ila is the name of S. ma- cutdla in the Khassee language). Koxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 180. Wall, pi. asiat. rar. 2. t. 2. Blume in hot. zeit. 1831. no. 27. p. 489. LiN. sYST. Tridndria, Monogi'inia. Tube of calyx oblong or somewhat trigonal, usually muricated, adhering to the ova- rium ; limb trifid, with the segments deciduous. Petals 3, ovate-lanceolate, acute. Stamens 3. Anthers linear-oblong, straightish, emarginate at the base, opening by 2 pores at the apex, without any appendages. Ovarium truncate at the apex, glabrous. Style filiform ; stigma obtuse. Capsule turbinate, crowned by the margin of the calyx, which is thickened on the inside, 3-celled, 3-valved, valves opening only at the apex. Seeds cuneate, angular, of 2 forms. — Usually small shrubs, rarely annual plants. Branches terete. Leaves opposite, rarely scattered, those opposite each other are for the most part un- equal in size, one of which is sometimes almost abortive, quite entire or toothed, membranous, hairy. Peduncles axillary and terminal, racemose or fasciculate, few or many-flowered. Flowers rose-coloured. The ternary number of the parts of the flower is sufficient to distinguish this genus from all others of Me- lastomdcece. Sect. I. Soneri'l.e (see genus for derivation). Blum. I. c. p. 490. Calyx hairy, hardly angular. Petals ovate, acute, broad at the base. Capsule turbinate, opening by 3 valves, which are bipartite at the apex. 1 S. BEGONi^FOLiA (Blum. 1. c.) Stem herbaceous, hairy; leaves quintujjle or septui)le-nerved, obliquely cordate at the base, acute, (juite entire, ciliated, scabrous above, but beset with small adpressed bristles beneath, those opposite each other unequal in size, one of them almost sessile and heart-shaped ; racemes axillary and terminal, many-flowered ; flowers sessile. Q. S. Native of Java, at the river Tjarvia, in the province of Bantam. Flowers rose-coloured. Begonia-leaved Sonerila. PI. 1 foot. 2 S. Molucca'na (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 182.) leaves in pairs, entire, having one minute and nearly round, the other unequally cordate; racemes umbelled. ©. S. Native of the Moluccas. Flowers rose-coloured. Molucca Sonerila. PI. 1 foot. 3 S. PAiciFi.oRA (Blum. I.e. p. 491.) suffruticose ; stems beset with stiff" hairs ; leaves 3-nerved, besides the marginal nervules, oblong, acuminated, auriculately semi-cordate at the base, denticulated, and rather hairy, those ojjposite each other unequal in size, one of which is cordate and sessile ; peduncles axillary, few-flowered. t^ . S. Native of Java, on the moim- tains. Flowers rose-coloured. Few-Jlowcrcd Sonerila. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. Sect. II. Trigonoca'ps* (from rptic, trcis, three, and ywiia, gonia, an angle ; in reference to the trigonal capsule and calyx). Blum. 1. c. Calyx glabrous, trigonal. Petals ovate- lanceolate, acute at both ends. Capsule turbinate, attenuated at the base, trii'onal ; valves 3, undivided, dehiscent. Leaves opposite, nearly equal, hardly oblique at the base. 776 MELASTOMACEiE. LIII. Sonerila. LIV. Medinilla. 4 S. ere'cta (Jacq. mal. misc. 1. no. 5. p. 7.) stem friiticu- lose, with 2 opposite downy lines ; leaves 3-nerved, lanceolate, acute at both ends, serrated, hairy ; spikes terminal, few-flowered. ^2 . S. Native of Pulo-Penang, in woods. Flowers red. Erect Sonerila. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 5 S. SQUARROSA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 182. and pi. asiat. rar. 2. p. 1. t. 102.) stem suflTruticose, erect, glabrous, almost simple, with numerous stipularly soft prickles ; leaves crowded towards the top of the plant, cuneate-lanceolate, cus- pidately serrated, smooth, tapering into the petioles, which are very short ; racemes terminal and axillary ; flowers secund. 11 . S. Native of the East Indies, growing among ferns on the Khassee mountains, where it is called Tearanga. Petals oval, acute, contracted at the base, rose-coloured. Anthers bilocular, opening on both sides along their whole length, ex Wall. 1. c. Squarrose Sonerila. PI. \io ^ foot. 6 S. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 182. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 1. t. 102.) stem SuflTruticose; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, nearly equal, ciliated, acute at the base, beset with simple hairs on both surfaces, as well as on the branches ; ra- cemes terminal and lateral, few-flowered. 1(L.S. Native of the mountains, on the north-east border of Bengal. Flowers rose- coloured. Narrow-leaved Sonerila. PI. |^ to 1 foot. 7 S. macula'ta (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. ISO.) stem short; branches recumbent, rooting at the apex, bristly ; leaves on long petioles, unequally broad-ovate-cordate, acuminated, setosely serrulated : beset with small, white, elevated specks, from the centre of each rises a bristle ; racemes axillary, spiral, on hairy coloured peduncles. 1/ . S. Native among the moun- tains upon the north-east border of Bengal, and where it is used by the natives as a pot-herb. Its vernacular name in the Khassee language is Soolli-Soneri-ila, Rheed. mal. 9. p. 127. t. 65. Flowers rose-coloured. Spotted-leixveA Sonerila. PI. recumbent. 8 S. emacula'ta (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 181.) leaves imequally narrow-cordate, acute, bristly, but without spots, serrulated, ciliated. If. H. Native among the Khassee mountains, on the north-east border of Bengal. It diflTers from S. maculala, in the leaves being destitute of little round white dots, from which the bristles rise. It is also less robust than that plant, with longer peduncles to the racemes, but the flowers and capsules are alike. Spotless-leaved Sonerila. PI. 1 foot. 9 S. TENUiFOLiA (Blum. 1. c.) stem sufFruticose, rough ; leaves 3-nerved, opposite, one of which is smaller than the other, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, obtuse, or rather cordate at the base, serrated, beset with scattered bristles above, rather glau- cous beneath ; peduncles terminal, l-3-flo\vered. Ij . S. Na- tive of Java, in woods. Flowers red. Fine-havcd Sonerila. Sh. 1 to 2 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation of the stove species, see Melastoma, p. 7G4. ; but see Centrtidenia, p. 7G6. for that of the annual kinds. Rather pretty plants when in flower. LIV. MEDINI'LLA (meaning unknown to us). Gaud. ined. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 167. Blum, in hot. zeit. 1831. no. 29. p. 508. Lin. syst. Octo-Decandria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx ovate or obovate, ribless, adhering to the ovarium ; limb trun- cate or obsoletely 4-5-toothed, rarely cleft irregularly, conti- nuous with the tube. Petals 4-5, oval or obovate, obtuse or ob- liquely truncate, rather fleshy. Stamens 8-10, equal, or the alternate ones are smaller ; anthers oblong-linear, arched, beaked, and opening by one pore at the apex ; their connectives 2-lobed or l)ifid in front, but spur-formed behind, and confluent with the anthers. Ovarium glabrous at the apex, rarely downy. Style subulate, tumid at the base, crowned by a small obtuse stigma. Berry ovate-oblong, or ovate-globose, crowned by the limb of the calyx, 4-5-celled. Seeds oval, smoothish. — Smootli- isli shrubs, rarely covered with stellate down, sometimes sar- mentose, and sometimes parasitic ; branches terete or tetragonal. Leaves opposite or in whorls, petiolate or sessile (branches some- times with a circle of tomentum or ramentse at the insertion of the leaves), quite entire, rarely denticulated, nerved. Cymes or umbels simple and few-flowered, or disposed in many-flowered compound panicles or corymbs, axillary or terminal. Flowers very pale red ; pedicels reddish. Sect. I. Camptoplacu'ntia (from kujxtztw, cam-pto, to bend, and TtXaKovQ TrKaKovvTocpilacous p>lacounlos, a placenta ; in refer- ence to the placenta, which is bent). Blum. 1. c. p. 509. Tube of calyx ovate ; limb cylindrically tubular, somewhat truncate, rarely cleft. Seminiferous receptacle bent in on both sides between the cells. — Smooth shrubs, with whorled petiolate leaves. Cymes few-flowered, axillary ; pedicels bractless, and articulated at the base. * Flowers octandrous. 1 M. quadrif6lia (Blum. 1. c. p. 509.) branchlets terete : leaves usually 4 in a whorl, rarely 3 or 5, cuneate-oblong, acute, triple-nerved. Ij . S. Native of Java, on Mounts Gede and Salak, in w-oods. Melastoma quadrifoliuni. Blum, bijdr. p. 1069. Four-leaved Medinilla. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 2 M. ROSEA (Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. bot. p. 484. t. 106.) branches bluntly tetragonal ; leaves 3-4 in a whorl, oval, mucro- nate, triple-nerved. l^ . S. Native of Marianne Island. Tube of calyx obovate, exactly truncate. Peduncles axillary, 6-8- flowered. Flowers and berries rose-coloured. Tfoic-coloured-flowered Medinilla. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 3 M. radTcans (Blum. 1. c.) branches terete, rooting ; leaves 3-7-nerved, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, rather veiny. Tq . S. Native of Java. Melastoma radicans, Blum, bijdr. p. 1069. Rooting Medinilla. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. * " Flowers decandrous. 4 M. pterocau'la (Blum. 1. c. p. 509.) branches with mem- branous wings ; leaves 4-8 in a whorl, oblong-lanceolate, acumi- nated, tapering into the petiole at the base, triple-nerved. Tp . S. Native of Java, in the provinces of Buitenzorg, Tjanjor, and Bantam, in woods on the mountains. Wing-stemmed Medinilla. Sh. 3 to 6 ft. 5 M. crassine'rvia (Blum. 1. c. p. 510.) branches terete; leaves 4 in a whorl, acute, rather cuneated at the base, triple- nerved, fleshy ; peduncles usually 1-flowered. tj . S. Native of the Island of Banda, on Mount Baudao. — Rumph. amb. 5. p. 67.? Thick-nerved-\eaved Medinilla. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 6 M. macroca'rpa (Blum. 1. c.) branches nearly terete; leaves 4 in a whorl, oval, acute, cuneated at the base, triple- nerved ; limb of calyx irregularly cleft. fj . S. Native of the Moluccas. — Rumph. amb. 5. p. 67. t. S5. f. 2. Long-fruited Medinilla. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. Sect. II. Sarcoplacu'ntia {aapl, aapKog, sarx sarcos, flesh, and TrXakouE TrXaKovvTOQ, j^focous placountos, a placenta ; in refer- ence to the placenta being fleshy). Blum, in bot. zeit. 1831. no. 29. p. 510. Tube of calyx obovate or nearly globose; limb short, truncate, or denticulated. Seminiferous receptacle thick, fleshy, hence the berries are at length pulpy, with the seeds imbedded in the pulp. — Smooth shrubs, with opposite, rarely whorled, petiolate or sessile leaves. Peduncles axillary MELASTOMACEiE. LIV. Medinilla. 777 and terminal, cymose, few or many flowered ; pedicels bibrac- teate in the middle. • Flowers few, cymose or subcorymbosc. 7 M. LAuniFoLiA (Blum. 1. c. p. 511.) branclilcts terete, warted ; leaves opposite, rarely in threes, ovate, attenuated at both ends, triple-nerved, rather tloshv ; peduncles axillary, ex- ceeding the length of the petioles, usually ^-flowered ; flowers decandrous or dodecandrous. h . S. Native of Java, on trees. Melastoma laurifolium, Blum, bijdr. p. 10G9. M. crassifolium, Reinwdt. ined. IM. carncum, Zippel. incd. Launl-lcavvd Medinilla. Sh. 1- to G ft. 8 M. cRAssiFoLiA (Blum. 1. c.) brauchlcts terete, warted; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, obtuse at the base and emargi- natc, obsoletely 3, rarely 5-nerved ; umbels axillary, in simple or trifid corymbs ; flowers decandrous. Tj . S. Native of Java, on Mount Salak on trees. Melastoma crassifolium, Blum, bijdr. p. 1075. I'ar. /3, diapliana (Blum. 1. c.) leaves larger, thinner, and somewhat 5-nerved. Ji . S. Native along with the species. Melastoma diaphanum, Blum, bijdr. p. 1075. Thkk-leaied Medinilla. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 9 M. RiBicuNDA (Bium.l. c. p. 512.) branchlets? leaves op- posite, on short petioles, oblong-ovate, acuminated, obtuse at the base, triple-nerved ; cymes dichotomous, axillary ; flowers oc- tandrous. \i . S. Native of Sumatra. Melastoma rubiciinda. Jack, in Lin. trans. 14. p. 18. Pedicels and calyxes red. Co- rolla white. Rcddish-ca\ys.eA Medinilla. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 10 M. Hasse'ltii (Blum, in bot. zeit. 1831. no. 30. p. 513.) branchlets terete, warted ; leaves opposite, on short petioles, lanceolate-oblong, acuminated, somewhat cordate at the base, 3- nerved, fleshy ; cymes branched, axillary ; flowers octandrous. (2 . S. Native of Java, in the province of Bamtam, about Har- riang and Levebonger. Hassdt's Medinilla. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 11 M. si:ccli.e'nta (Blum. I.e.) branchlets terete, warted ; leaves opposite, sessile, ovate- oblong, acuminated, obtuse at the base, triple-nerved, fleshy ; cymes branched, axillary ; flowers octandrous. >;.S. Native of Java, on trees, in humid woods. Melastoma succulenta, Blum, bijdr. p. 1070. Succulent-\ea.\eA Medinilla. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 12 M. HYPERiciFOLiA (Blum. 1. c.) brauclilets terete; leaves opposite, sessile, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, rather cordate at the base ; cymes a little branched ; flowers decandrous, rarely octandrous. »; . S. Native of Java, on trees on Mount Salak. Melastoma hypericifolium, Blum, bijdr. p. 1070. Flowers small. St.Juhn's-nort-leated Medinilla. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. • * Flowers in terminal and axillary elongated panicles. 13 M. VERRUCOSA (Blum. I. c. p. 514.) branches warted, when young tetragonal, when old terete ; leaves opposite, sessile, oblon", subcordate, acuminated, finely denticulated towards the apex, quintuple-nerved ; panicles terminal or axillary, droop- ing ; flowers decandrous ; calyx somewhat truncate. h . S. Native of Java, in shady places on Mount Salak. Melastoma verrucosum, Blum, bijdr. p. 1078. IVarlcd-hrancheA Medinilla. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 14 M. ALPESTRis (Blum. I.e.) branclilcts ? leaves opposite, sessile, half stem-clasping, ovate-oblong, crenated, quintu|)le- nerved, purplish beneath ; panicles terminal ; flowers decan- drous ; calyx 5-toothed. fj . S. Native of Sumatra, on high mountains. Melastoma alpestris. Jack, in Lin. trans. 14. p. 20. t. 1. f. 3.a. d. Corolla flesh-coloured. Anthers purple. Alp Medinilla. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 15 M. Ku'hlii (Blum. 1. c.) branchlets when young 4-sided ; VOL. II. leaves opposite, on short petioles, elliptic-oblong, acuminated, bluntisb at the base, triple-nerved, as will as with 2 marginal obsolete nervules ; panicles axillary or terminal, elongated ; flowers decandrous; calyx obsoletely 5-tooihed. I; . S. Na- tive of Java, on Mount Pangaranghu. Kiilil's Medinilla. Sh. 4 to (i ft. IG M. Javane'nsis (Blum. I.e. p. 515.) branches all 4-sided; leaves opposite, sessile, somewhat cordate, elliptic, rather acu- minated, quintuple-nerved, quite entire; panicles terminal or axillary, divaricate, straight ; flowers decandrous, fj . S. Na- tive of Java, in marshes and woods on the higher mountains. Melastoma Javancnsis, Blum, bijdr. p. 1078. M. Epidendra, Ueinwdt. ined. Java Medinilla. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 17 M. exi'mia (Blum. 1. c.) branches irregularly 4- sided ; leaves opposite, on short petioles, elliptic-ovate, acute at both ends, quintujjle-nerved, tpiite entire ; panicles terminal ; flowers octandrous. V; . S. Native of Sumatra, on the banks of rivers. Melastoma eximia. Jack, in Lin. trans. 14. p. 17. Leaves large. Flowers flesh-coloured, very beautiful ; anthers purple, with the ap])endages yellow. C/ioice Medinilla. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 18 M. si'EnosA (Blum. I. c.) branches 4-sided; angles winged ; leaves almost sessile, 4 in a whorl, rarely opposite, ovate-oblong, attenuated at both ends, or obtuse at the base, 7-9-nerved, rarely quintuple-nerved ; panicles terminal and axillary, nodding ; flowers octandrous or decandrous. 1; . S. Native of the interior of Java, in humid woods, rarely ])arasitical on trimks of old trees ; and of the Moluccas. Melastoma cx- iniium, Blum, bijdr. p. 1072. but not of Jack. S/icwy Medinilla. Sli. 2 to 3 ft. 19 M. intekme'dia (Blum. I. c. p. 516.) branchlets obso- letely tetragonal ; leaves almost sessile, opposite, elliptic-oblong, acute or acuminated, obtuse at the base, quintuple-nerved ; panicles elongated, terminal ; flowers octandrous. >; . S. Na- tive of Java, on Mount Cede, near Tjichanjavar. Intermediate Medinilla. Sh. 4 to G ft. 20 M. crispa'ta (Blum. 1. c. p. 517.) branches 4-sided; angles winged ; leaves sessile, 4 in a whorl, oblong, narrow at the base, quintuple-nerved ; cymes subcorymbosc, axillary, and lateral from the falling of the leaves; flowers decandrous, rarely dodecandrous. Ij . S. Native of the Moluccas, in valleys and on the banks of rivers. Melastoma crispitum, Lin. spec. p. 5G0. — Rumph. amb. 5. p. 66. t. Ho. f. 1. Flowers rather large. Fruit round, red. Curled Medinilla. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. Sect. IH. Hypena'nthe (from virijiij, hypene, a beard, and av^oQ, antho.i, a flower ; in reference to the flower-buds, which are bearded with stellate down on the outside). Blum. bot. zeit. 1831. no. 30. p. 517. Tube of calyx obovate-oblong ; limb short, 4-lobed. Petals trapeziform, alternate ones narrower than the others. Free part of the ovarium clothed with stellate down. .Seeds roughish. — A shrub, having its branchlets, peduncles, and leaves clothed with stellate tomentum, and with a diflerent habit from the other species. 21 M. vEN6sA(Blum. I. c. p. 518.) branchlets terete ; leaves opposite, oval-oblong, those opposite each other usually of a dif- ferent size, veiny, clothed with furfuraceous tomentum beneath, as well as on the branches ; cymes pedunculate, terminal or lateral, involucrated by fugaceous bracleas. V> . S. Native of Java, on trees on Mount Ternate. Melastoma vcnosum, Blumc, bijdr. p. 1675. Flowers middle-sized, octandrous, flesh-coloured ; pedi- cels red. /'ciwy-lcaved Medinilla. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. Sect. IV. Dactyiiota (apparently derived from canruXof, 5G 778 MELASTOMACE.E. LV. Paciiycentria. LVI. Pogonanthera. LVII. Allomorphia, Sec. dactijlos, and cue wroc, oics olos, an ear ; but the application is unknown to us). Blum, in bot. zeit. 1831. no. 30. p. 518. Tube of calyx nearly globose ; limb short, nearly quite entire. Style girded by an annular nectary. — A shrub, having its branches, peduncles, and under side of leaves clothed with fur- furaceous tomentum. 22 M. bractea'ta (Blume, 1. c. p. 519.) branchlets terete; leaves opposite, almost sessile, oblong, decurrent at the base, eniarginate, finely denticulated, quintuple-nerved ; cymes pe- dunculate, axillary and terminal, twice trifid, bracteate ; flowers decandrous. 1^ . S. Native of the Moluccas. Axinae'a brac- teata, Zippel. ined. Bracteale Medinilla. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. Cult. The species of Medinilla are very pretty when in flower; their culture and propagation are the same as for Me- Idstoma, see p. 764. Vegetable mould is the best soil for them. LV. PACHYCE'NTRIA (from -jraxvc, pachys, thick, and Kiv-pov, kentron, a spur ; in reference to the thick fleshy spur- like appendages of the anthers called connectives). Blum, in bot. zeit. 1831. no. 30. p. 519. Lin. syst. Ocldndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx cup- shaped, constricted beneath the middle ; limb obsoletely 4- toothed. Petals 4, ovate, acuminated. Stamens 8, equal. An- thers oblong-linear, straightish, beaked, and opening by one pore at the apex, furnished at the base behind with a thick fleshy spur or connective each. Ovarium half adhering to the calyx, the free part conical and angular. Style filiform, fur- rowed, crowned by a small obtuse stigma. Berry globose, crowned by the constricted tube of the calyx, 4-celled. Seeds oval, smooth. — Smooth parasitical shrubs. Branches terete, but compressed at the ends, besprinkled with brown or dark purple dots, as well as the peduncles. Leaves opposite, petiolate, ob- long, 3-nerved or somewhat triple-nerved, quite entire. Flowers in axillary and terminal corymbs, small, rose-coloured ; pedicels bibracteate in the middle. 1 P. coNSTRi'cTA (Blum. 1. c. p. 520.) leaves oval-oblong, bluntly acuminated, bluntish and rather cordate at the base ; panicles terminal or axillary, corynibosely many-flowered. Ij . S. Native of Java, on the roots of trees at the bottoms of the mountains. Melastoma constrictum, Blum, bijdr. p. 1072. Flowers red. Constricted-c3\yKeA Pachycentria. Sh. 2 P. varingI;Ef6lia (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oval or elliptic-lan- ceolate, attenuated at both ends ; corymbs terminal, few-flow- ered. Ij . S. Native of Java, on trees. Melastoma varingia?- folium, Blume, bijdr. p. 1071. Flowers red. Varingia-leavcd Pachycentria. Sh. Cult. Being parasitical shrubs the species had better be treated in the manner of parasitical orchideous plants. Their pro- pagation is the same as that for Melastoma, p. 704. by cuttings. LVL POGONANTHE'RA(from7ra;yw.',2JOgon, a beard, and a%Bt]pa, anlhera, an anther ; in reference to the anthers being bearded behind). Blum, in bot. zeit. 1831. no. 30. p. 520. LiN. sYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx cup- shaped, somewhat quadrangular, adhering to the ovarium at the base ; limb 4-toothed. Petals 4, lanceolate, acuminated, tumid on both sides in the middle, or furnished with a tooth. Stamens 8, nearly equal ; anthers oblong, acute, straight, opening by one pore at the apex, bearded behind. Free part of ovarium conical and hairy. Style filiform ; stigma small, obtuse. Berry glo- bose, crowned by the limb of the calyx, 4-celled, pulpy. Seeds oval, smooth. — Shrubs. Branches terete, and are, as well as the peduncles and petioles, dotted from scales or scurf. Leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate-oblong, somewhat auricled at the base, 1 3 or somewhat 5-nerved, quite entire, glabrous. Flowers small, red, covered with resinous powder, disposed in terminal pa- nicles. 1 P. pulverule'nta (Blum. 1. c. p. 521.) leaves ovate, ob- tuse, furnished with 2 tubercles at the base, 3-nerved, coriace- ous ; petals furnished with one tooth on each side. Tj . S. Native of Sumatra, in woods. Melastoma pulverulentum, Jack in Lin. trans. 14. p, 19. but not of Blume. Powdcry-^oviexeA Pogonanthera. Sh. 1 to 2 feet. 2 P. refle'xa (Blum. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-oblong, bluntly acuminated, biauriculate at the base, somewhat 5-nerved, mem- branous ; petals tumid on both sides. h^ . S. Native of Java, on trees. Melastoma pulverulentum, Blum, bijdr. p. 1072. Melast. reflexa, Reinwdt. ined. Rejlexed Pogonanthera. Sh. Cult. See Pachycentria for culture and propagation. LVn. ALLOMO'RPHIA (from aXXoc, alios, various, and fjoptpt], morphe, form ; habit in different situations). Blum, in bot. zeit. 1831. no. 30. p. 522. Lin. syst. Octdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx oblong, tubular, adhering to the ovarium at the base ; limb 4-toothed. Petals 4, ovate, acute. Stamens 8, the alternate ones a little shorter than the others. Anthers linear, acute, straight, emar- ginate at the base, inappendiculate. Style filiform ; stigma simple. Fruit dry, ovate-oblong, 4-celled, clothed by the calyx. — Shrub erect. Branches 4-sided, covered with ferruginous dots. Leaves opposite, on long petioles, ovate, quite entire, glabrous, 5-nerved. Panicle small, terminal, with divaricate branches. Flowers minute, pale red. 1 A. exi'gua (Blum. 1. c. p. 525.) 1; . S. Native of Pulo- Penang. Melastoma exiguum. Jack in Lin. trans. 14. p. 10. Small Allomorphia. Sh. |^ to 1 foot. Cult. For culture and propagation see Melastoma, p. 764. LVin. HUBE^RIA (dedicated by De Candolle to Francis Huber, author of memoires sur I'influence de Fair dans la ger- mination, 1 vol. 8vo. Geneva, 1801, and other works ; and Peter Huber his son, author of a history of the Formica, and other insects). D. C. prod. 3. p. 167. Lin. syst. Octo-Decdndria, Monogijnia. Tube of calyx oblong, constricted at the apex ; limb 4-5-lobed. Petals 4-5, obovate. Stamens 8-10; anthers oblong-linear, with 1 or 2 spur-formed bristles, rising from the back at the base. Ovarium adnate to the calyx, with the free part conical. Style filiform, acutish. Capsule baccate, 4-5-celled. Seeds unknown. — Smooth Brazilian shrubs. Young branches compressed or tetragonal. Leaves petiolate, oval, or oblong, 3-nerved. Cymes terminal. § 1. /inthers furnished with one bristle at the base. 1 H. semiserra'ta (D. C. prod. 3. p. 167.) branches tetra- gonal ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, 3-nerved, quite entire at the base, serrated in the upper part ; raceme simple, terminal ; lobes of calyx lanceolate-linear, acute, hardly shorter than the 4-winged tube. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul, in marshes in woods. Rhexia semiserrata, Schrank et Mart. mss. Petals white, ovate, acuminated. , Anthers yellow, equal in length with the filaments. Flowers an inch in diameter. Fruit unknown. Half-serrated-\eH\ed Hubertia. Sh. 4 to 6 feet. 2 H. lau'rina (D. C. 1. c.) branchlets compressed ; leaves oblong, quite entire, rather coriaceous, 3-nerved, lateral nerves almost marginal ; cymes corymbose, many-flowered ; tube of calyx with 8 stripes, rather angular ; fruit roundish ; calyx per- manent, h . S. Native of Brazd. D. C. coll. mem. 1. t. 9. Melastoma laurinum, Ser. mss. Leaves size and form of those MELASTOMACE/E. LVIII. Hldhuia. LIX. Ociitiiociiaris. LX. Calycogonium. LXI. Oss.ea. 770 of Launts nbh'dh, and at first sight apparently featlicr-nerved. The fruit is like that of a clove. Flowers uliite. Laurcl-lihc Huberia. Sh. 4 to 0 feet. 3 H. ovALiFOLiA D. C. 1. c.) branchlets rather compressed ; leaves petiolate, oval, acute, quite entire, 3-nerved, besides the marginal nervules, which are hardly conspicuous ; lateral nerves remote from the marijin ; cymes terminal, corymbose ; calyx ur- ccolate, elongated, canescent from rather fiocky down ; limb bluntly 4-lobed. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, where it was col- lected by Prince de Neuwied. Petals oblong-obovate, white, according to the dried specimens. Anthers furnished with a bristle-like spur, a little above the base on the back. Oval-lcavcd Huberia. Sh. 3 to G feet. $ 2. Anthers furnished with 2 bristles at the base, rising from the back. — These species probably do not properly belong to Huberia. — Maieta, Vent, choix. p. 32. but not of Aubl. 4 H. annula'ta (Vent, choix. t. 32.) stem and branches terete, and a little striated ; leaves lanceolate, cordate at the base, somewhat acuminated at the apex, petiolate, glabrous above, pnberulous beneath ; flowers disposed in panicled co- rymbs, axillary, few, octandrons ; calyx tubular, rather campa- nulate, with 4 oblong segments, which are about the length of the tube. ^ . S. Native of Java. Maieta annulata. Vent, choix. t. 32. Petals obovate. Genitals longer than the corolla. Anthers large, acute, falcate. Style filiform, crowned by a stigma, which is hardly thicker. Berry 4-celled. Annular Huberia. Sii. 3 to 6 feet. 5 H. ARGENTEA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 1C8.) branches from com- pressed to terete, clothed with brown furfuraceous scales ; leaves oblong, attenuated at tiie base, obtuse at the apex, quite entire, .j-nerved, coriaceous, shining above, and covered with white furfuraceous scales beneath ; panicle terminal, coarctate ; flowers small, decandrous ; calyx cup-shaped, 5-toothed, scurfy on the outside. Tj . S. Native of South America, near Santa Fe de Bogota. Petals 5, yellow. Berry 5-cellcd, about the size of a coriander seed. Maieta argentea, Vent, choix. p. 34. in a note. Silvery Huberia. Sh. Cult. For culture and propagation see MeUtstoma, p. 7C4. LIX. OCHTHO'CHARIS (from ox^oi,ochthos, a r\\er side, and x"'P"> chairo, to delight in ; inhabits river banks). Blum, in bot. zeit. 1831. no. 30. p. 523. LiN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx obovate, adhering to the ovarium ; limb continuous, with the tube obso- letely 4-toothed, permanent. Petals 5, ovate, acuminated. Stamens 10, equal. Anthers oblong, obtuse at both ends, straight, opening by a pore at the apex, ending in a spur-formed bristle at the base behind. Ovarium truncate and glabrous at the apex. Style subulate ; stigma simple. Capsule globose, broadly umbilicated, dry, 3-celled, opening irregularly. Seeds angular, cuneiform. — A glabrous shrub. Branches terete, ex- treme ones compressed. Leaves opposite, petiolate, oval-lan- ceolate, denticulated, triple-nerved. Cymes branched, axillary. Flowers small, of a flesh-colour. 1 O. Java'kica (Blum. 1. c. p. 523.) Ij . S. Native of the west of Java, at the river Panimbang. Java Ochthocharis. Sh. 3 to G feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Meldsloma, p. 7G1. LX. CALYCOGO-NIUM (from KaXvl, kalyx, a calyx, and yiavia, gonia, an angle ; calyx angular). D. C. prod. 3. p. 168- — Calycopteris, Rich herb, but not of Lam. Lin. SYST. Octo-Decdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx subglobose, 4-5-gonal; angles acute, continuous with the middle nerve of the lobes, but rather accrete after flowering ; lobes 4-5, spreading, oblong-linear, longer than the lube. Petals 4-5, ob- ovate. Stamens 8-10, equal ; anthers oblong, opening by one pore at the apex, without any auricles at the base, and with the connectives hardly evident. Stigma dot-formed. Berry round- ish, 4-5-angled, crowned by the lobes of the calyx, 4-5-celled. Seeds ovate, angular, with a linear hylum. — Shrubs, natives of St. Domingo. Branches terete, clothed with rufescent soft flocky stellate tomentum, as well as the petioles and under side of the leaves. Leaves 3-5-nerved, on short petioles, ovate-ob- long, obtuse and rather cordate at the base, quite entire, glabrous above. Flowers 1-3-togcther, terminal, white, on short pe- dicels. Calyx beset with stellate down, appearing as if it were dotted. 1 C. sTELi.ATt'M (D. C. prod. 3. p. 168.) branches terete, and are, as well as the petioles and imder side of the leaves, clothed with crowded white stellate down. h . S. Native of St. Domingo. Melastoma calycopteris. Rich, in Bnnpl. mel. t. 42. Melast. stellata, Vahl. ined. Melast. scabrosum, Bert, in herb. Balb. Leaves 3-nerved, rarely somewhat 5-nerved, the 2 inner nerves rising a little above the base, and therefore the leaves are almost triple-nerved. Flowers 4 or 5 cleft in the same specimen. Slellatc-hanea Calycogonium. Sh. 1 to 2 feet. 2 C. gla'brum (D. C. 1. c.) branches nearly terete, glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, aciniiinated at both ends, somewhat re- pandly dennculated, triple-nerved, rather coriaceous, 'glabrous; pedicels terminal, 1 -flowered, usually solitary, hardly longer than the petioles ; tube of calyx oblong, bluntly tetragonal, sca- brous from stellate scattered down ; lobes 4, subulate. ^2 ■ ^• Native of the south of Jamaica, on the high mountains. Melds- toma glabr^ta, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 806. Berry black, 4- celled, crowned by the calyx. Glabrous Calycogonium. Sh. 1 to 2 feet. (hilt. For culture and propagation see Mchistoma, p. 7C4. LXI. OSSiEW (dedicated by De Candolle to Don Antonio de la Ossa, formerly director of the botanic garden at the Ha- vanah, in Cuba). D. C. prod. 3. p. 168. Lin. sYsr. Octdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx ovate, adhering to the ovarium, l)ut not drawn out beyond it ; lobes 4, short, acute. Petals 4, lanceolate, acute. Stamens 8, short ; anthers hardly aurided at the base. Ovarium smoothish at the apex. Style filiform ; stigma simple. Berry 4-celled, crowned by the lobes of the calyx. Seeds ovate, angular. — American shrubs. Leaves 3-5-nerved. Flowers small, rising from the axils of the leaves, or from the old leaves. * Floners axillary, sessile, 1 O. scA'tPTA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 1G8.) branches terete, and are, as well as the petioles and nerves of leaves, scabrous from powdery branched rufous down ; leaves petiolate, oblong, ob- tuse at the base, acutish at the apex, quite entire, 5-nerved, rather pilose ; flowers on short pedicels, few together, axillary ; calyx rather globose, covered with powdery grains; petals lan- ceolate, acuminatcly awned. I; . S. Native of St. Domingo. Melastoma acutipetala, Rich, in Bonpl. melast. t. 38. Melast. oxypetalum, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 303. Maieta scalpta, Vent, choix. t. 33. Melast. glomerata, Vahl. ined. Berry bluish, small, globose, 4-celled. Flowers small. Filaments of stamens broadish. Scalp Ossa?a. Sh. 2 feet. 2 O. scABKosA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 169.) stem hairy ; branches terete, hairy; leaves ovate, attenuated, denticulated, 3-nerved, scabrous from papilla-, petiolate ; flowers much crowded, ses- sile, octandrous; calyx hairy, 4-cleft ; hind segments subulate 5 o 2 780 MELASTOMACE^. LXI. Oss.ea. LXII. Sagr;ea. and minute; petals 4, larger than the calyx, lanceolate, acute, white ; filaments jointed ; stigma blunt ; berry minute, round- ish, 4-celled, rufous. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica, on the higher mountains. Melastoma scabrosa, Lin. spec. p. 558. Swartz, obs. p. 174. Scabrous Ossaea. Sh. 1 to 2 feet. ** Pedicels axillary or lateral, crowded, l-Jlowered. 3 O. LATERiFLOKA (D. C. 1. c.) glabrous ; branches tetra- gonal, but at length terete ; leaves petiolate, obovate, acumi- nated, setaceously somewhat serrated, triple-nerved ; pedicels aggregate, rising beneath the leaves, short, 1 -flowered ; calyx truncate, rather strigose ; petals 4, ovate, attenuated. }j . S. Native of Montserrat, on the mountains. Melastoma lateri- flora, Vahl. eel. Anthers oblong, obtuse. Stigma subcapitate. Berry globose, beset with scattered strigae. Side-Jlorvered Ossxa. Sh. 1 to 2 feet. 4 O. spARsiFLORA (D. C. 1. c.) branches nearly terete, and are, as well as the young leaves, rough from deciduous adpressed strigffi when young, but as the strigas fall off, the parts soon be- come glabrous ; leaves petiolate, oval-oblong, acuminated at both ends, triple-nerved, with revolute margins ; pedicels numerous, 1 -flowered, short, rising in fascicles from the axils of the old leaves ; calyx truncate ; petals 4, lanceolate, acute. h . S. Native of Guadaloupe, in woods on the mountains. Melastoma sparsiflora. Rich. herb. Flowers very small, acute, pale. Calyx dotted from small strigae. Scattered-Jlowercd Ossaea. Sh. 3 to 6 feet. 5 O. FLAVEscENS (D. C. 1. c.) branches bluntly tetragonal, nearly terete, scabrous from adpressed bristles when young, but at length becoming glabrous ; leaves petiolate, oval, acuminated at both ends, quintuple-nerved, crenulated, glabrous, except the nerves, which are bristly beneath; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, short, quite glabrous, rising in fascicles from the axils of the old leaves ; calyxes with repand margins ; petals lanceolate, acute, rather velvety on the outside. I; .S. Native of French Guiana, in woods about Sinemari. Melastoma flavescens, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 523. t. 164. Leaves yellowish, smooth. Flowers small, white, agreeing in disposition to those oi Loreyaarborescens. Yellowish Ossaea. Sh.2 to 3 feet. * * * Thyrse axillary. In this section the anthers open by a broad almost 2-celled pore, and therefore nearly agreeing with the genus Crema'nium. 6 O. MULTiFLORA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 169.) quite glabrous ; branches bluntly tetragonal ; leaves petiolate, oblong, attenu- ated, bluntish, triple-nerved, with callous serratures ; thyrse axil- lary, shorter than the leaves ; calyx campanulate, hardly 4- toothed ; petals 4, oval, acute. Ij . S. Native of St. Domingo. Melastoma multiflora, Desr. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 35. Rich, in Bonpl. mel. t. 37. Flowers small, white. Anthers obconical, opening in a bilabiate manner by a pore of 2 cells, which has a bicamerated dissepiment. Stigma dilated. Many-Jlonered Osssea. Sh. 3 to 4 feet. 7 O. acumina'ta (D. C. 1. c.) quite glabrous ; branches tetra- gonally compressed ; leaves petiolate, oblong, tapering to both ends, very acute, with callous serratures, triple-nerved ; thyrse axillary, shorter tlian the leaves ; calyx ovate, hardly 4-toothed ; petals 4, lanceolate, acute. I; . S. Native of St. Domingo. Melastoma micranthum, Bert. herb, but not of Swartz. Very like 0. midtiflbra, but is easily distinguished from that plant in the leaves and petals being acuminated. Acuminated-leaved Ossaea. Sh. 3 to 6 feet. 8 O. purpijra'scens (D. C. 1. c.) quite glabrous; branches bluntly tetragonal ; leaves petiolate, oblong, tapering to the base and apex, triple-nerved, serrated ; serratures small, cilias- formed ; thyrse axillary and lateral, tripartite ; calyx minutely and acutely 4-toothed ; petals 4, roundish. ^ . S. Native of Jamaica, on the high mountains. Melastoma purpurascens, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 804. Anthers obtuse, perforated at the apex. Stigma blunt, angular. Berry 4-celled. Purplish Ossaea. Sh. 3 to 6 feet. 9 O. amygda'eina (D. C. 1. c.) quite glabrous ; branches nearly terete ; leaves petiolate, lanceolate, attenuated at the base, acuminated at the apex, denticulated, triple-nerved ; cymes loosish, few-flowered, rising from the axils of the old leaves beneath the young leaves ; calyx rather globose, bluntly 4- toothed ; petals roundish, fj . S. Native of Porto Rico. Melas- toma arnygdalina, Desr. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 35. Rich, in Bonpl. mel. t. 36. where the description is good, but in the figure the berry is represented falsely as 5-celled. It hardly differs from O. purj>urdscens, unless in the calycine teeth being very obtuse. Almond-like Ossaea. Sh. 3 to 6 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Melastoma, p. 764. LXIL SAGR/E'A (dedicated to Don Ramon de la Sagra, of Havanah, in Cuba, director of the Botanic Garden at Havana!)). D. C. prod. 3. p. 170. Lin. syst. Octandria, Monogynia Tube of calyx adhering to the ovarium, but not drawn out beyond it ; lobes 4, short, permanent. Petals 4, oval. Stamens 8 ; anthers hardly auricled at the base. Ovarium smoothish at the apex. Style filiform ; stigma obtuse. Capsule baccate, 4-celled. Seeds small, ovate- angular. — American shrubs. Leaves 3-7-nerved. Flowers ris- ing from the axils of the old leaves after they have fallen, as well as from the axils of those that are standing. * Flowers crowded in the axils of the leaves, sessile, or on short jiedicels. 1 S. columne.ef6lia (D. C. prod. 3. p. 170.) branches terete, and are, as well as both surfaces of leaves and calyxes, very vil- lous ; leaves nearly sessile, elliptic, bluntish, crenulated, 5- nerved ; flowers axillary, sessile, in crowded whorls ; cslyx tu- bular, hairy, 4-toothed ; petals oblong, obtuse. Tj . S. Native of Peru. Melastoma columnecefolium, Schrank, mss. Very like the following species, but the leaves are almost obtuse, not acuminated, very hairy on both surfaces. Columnea-leaved Sagraea. Sh. 2 to 3 feet. 2 S. sessiliflora (D. C. 1. c.) branches terete, densely clothed with rufous hairs ; leaves almost sessile, ovate, acuminated, cre- nulated, 7-nerved, ciliated, densely clothed with stiff hairs above, and with villi beneath ; flowers almost sessile, crowded in the axils of the leaves ; calyx cylindrical, tubular, hairy ; petals oval, obtuse, h . S. Native of Brazil and Guiana, in grassy meadows. The down and hairs on every part of the plant are simple, and somewhat incurved. Petals small, rose-coloured. Berry 4-celled. Seeds ovoid. Melastoma rdbra, Rich, in Bonpl. mel. t. 39. and perhaps the same as IMelcistoma rubra. Aubl. guian. 1. p. 416. p. 161. but he says the flowers are de- candrous, which is most probably wrong. Melast. sessiliflora, Vahl. eel. amer. 1. p. 49. icon. amer. t. 18. Clidemia hetero- malla, D. Don, in mem. wern. soc. 4. p. 310. Sessile-flowered Sagraea. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 3 S. fascicula'ris (D. C. 1. c.) branchlets tetragonal, hispid; petioles scabrous from hairs ; leaves ovate, acute both at the base and apex, entire, 3-nerved, besides the 2 marginal ner- vules, scabrous from hairs, but with the nerves hispid on the under surface; petlicels short, 1-flowered, crowded beneath the leaves ; teeth of calyx 4, acute, erect, permanent ; petals round- ish. 1; . S. Native of the interior of Jamaica, in woods on the mountains. Melastoma fascicularis, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. MELASTOMACE^. LXII. Sagrea. 781 801. Flowers white. Anthers acuminated. Stigma obtuse. Berry roundish. /nscicK/«r-flowered Sagraa. Shrub. 4 S. sca'brida (D. C. 1. c.) branches nearly terete, and are, as well as the petioles, beset with crowded bristles ; leaves ovate, acute at both ends, triple-nerved, besides tiie 2 marginal nervules, ciliated, entire, scabrous from bristles on both sur- faces, but especially on the nerves; pedicels short, l-flo\vered, rising in bundles from the axils of the fallen leaves, and are, as well as the c.ilyxes, quite glabrous; limb of calyx bluntly and broadly 4-toothed. ^ . S. Native of St. Domingo. Melas- toma ramiHorum, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 295. Allied to S. fasci- cularis. Scabrous Sagroea. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. • • Flowers disposed in axillary cijnies or panicles. 5 S. Guadalupe'nsis (D. C. I.e.) branches tetragonal, and are as well as the petioles smoothish, but when young clothed with rufous velvety down ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acuminated, quintuple-nerved, serrately ciliated ; racemes axillary, erect, capillary, with short, 1-3- flowered branchlets ; berry globose, rather pilose, crowned by the 4 erect teeth of the calyx. Ij . S. Native of Guadaloupe, frecpient. Perhaps the Meldsloma aci- nodindron of Lin. spec. 558. ? but that is said to be decandrous. Compare Plum. ed. Burm. t. 142. f. 2. Fruit violaceous, hardly the size of a red currant. Guadaloupe Sagraa. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 6 S. capilla'ris (D. C. 1. c.) branches tetragonal, and are as well as the petioles glabrous, or rather velvety in the young state when examined by a lens ; leaves petiolate, oblong, long- acuminated, 3-nerved, quite glabrous, pale beneath, quite entire; peduncles axillary, capillary, 3-flowered, somewhat reclinate ; berry ovate, hispid from scattered, short bristles, crowned by the straight, acute lobes of the calyx. 1^ . S. Native of Ja- maica. Melastoma capillaris, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 808. Flowers small. Capillary-ipedunc\ei\ Sagraea. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 7 S. hirte'lla (D. C. prod. 3. p. 171.) branches nearly terete, hispid from scattered bristles ; leaves on short petioles, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, 3-nerved, entire, pale beneath and pilose on the nerves and margins ; peduncles axillary, very short, 3-flowered ; calyx very minutely 4-toothed ; petals lanceolate, acuminated. ^ . S. Native of Jamaica, on the mountains. Melastoma hirtella, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 810. Anthers ob- long and bifid, according to Swartz. Stiirma obtuse. Berry 4-celled, iiispid, dark purple. Seeds roundish. Hairy Sagraea. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 8 S. LMBRosA (D. C. 1. c.) branches 4-furrowed, and are as well as the petioles hispid from long spreading bristles ; leaves petiolate, broadly ovate, acuminated, serrulated, ciliated, 5-7- nerved, very pilose on the nerves, the rest beset with scattered pili ; panicles axillary, loose, trichotomous, rather hispid, length of petioles ; calyx globose, hairy, with 4 short teeth ; petals obovate. h . S. Native of the West Indies, particularly in St. Christopher and Trinidad. Melastoma umbrosa, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 817. Vahl. dec. amer. 2. t. 29. There are varieties of this with hispid and very hispid branches, and middle-sized and large leaves. Berry glol)ose, hairy, blackish, small, 4-celled. Petioles 1 and \\ inch long. Shaded Sagraea. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 9 S. Berte'rii (D. C. I. c.) branches terete, and are as well as the petioles, panicles, and calyxes densely clothed with loose spreading bristles ; leaves ovate, obtuse at the base, acuminated at the apex, 5-7-nerved, serrulated, villous on both surfaces, but especially on the nerves ; panicles axillary, longer than the petioles, having their branches whorled ; lobes of calyx 4, seta- ceous, rather longer than the tube. T; . S. Native of Jamaica. Melastoma umbrosum, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 304. but not of Swartz. Bertero's Sagraea. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 10 S. Dominge'nsis (D. C. 1. c.) branchlets terete, and are as well as the petioles and peduncles clothed with short, simple, rufescent rather reflexed hairs ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acumin- ated, serrulated, 5-nerved, most hairy on the nerves ; panicles axillary, trichotomous, a little longer than the petioles ; tube of calyx rather globose, with 4 very short acute teeth. (7 . S. Native of .St. Domingo. Melastoma pilosum, .Spreng. syst. 2. p. 304. Flowers small, white. St. Domingo Sagraea. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 11 S. TETRAGONA (D. C. I. c.) branches acutely tetragonal, and are as well as the petioles thickly clothed with velvety ru- fescent spreading hairs ; leaves petiolate, oval, acuminated, 5- nerved, or perhaps quintuple-nerved, somewhat denticulated, beset with a few scattered bristles above, rather hairy beneath, but especially on the nerves ; panicles axillary, racemose, twice the length of the petioles ; calyx rather hairy, with a globose tube and 4 very short, acute teeth. ^ . S. Native of Domi- nique, in woods. Flowers small. Tclragonal-hranched Sagraea. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 12 S. piLOSA (D. C. I. c.) branches terete, and are as well as the peduncles and petioles clothed with rusty hairs ; leaves pe- tiolate, oblong, acute, 5-nerved, glabrous above and pilose be- neath, but especially on the nerves ; panicles axillary, racemose, with trifid branchlets ; calycine teeth 4, very minute ; petals roundish, reflexed. fj . S. Native of Jamaica, in woods on the mountains. Melastoma pilosa, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 819. Petals small, white, spotted with red at the base. Berry hairy, roundish, 4-celled. Pilose Sagraea. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 13 S. microphy'lla (D. C. I. c.) branchlets tetragonal, and are as well as tiie petioles hairy ; leaves ovate, on short pe- tioles, obtuse, rather denticulated, hispid above, and clothed with rusty tomentum beneath, 3-nerved ; peduncles axillary, trifid ; calyx hairy, with 4 very short teeth. h . S. Native of the south of Jamaica. Melastoma microphylla, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 813. but not of Spreng. This species comes very near to S. hirsUta, but differs in the leaves being obtuse and smaller, in the flowers being smaller, in the pedicels being usually sim- ple, and lastly in the berries being red, not dark purple. Small-leaved Sagrsea. Shrub 2 feet. 14 S. hirsu'ta (D. C. 1. c.) branches terete, and are as well as the petioles, peduncles, and calyxes beset with purplish, stiflf hairs ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, denticulated, 3- nerved, very hairy on the nerves beneath, the rest beset with scattered pili ; peduncles axillary, trifid ; calyx ovate, with 4 linear teeth. ^ . S. Native of the south of Jamaica, on the mountains. Melastoma hirsilta, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 811. Petals ovate, acute, white, small. Berry dark purple, globose, hairy, 4-celled. Hairy Sagraea. Shrub 2 feet. 15 S. RARiFLORA (D. C. 1. c.) branches terete, pubescent; leaves oval, rather cordate, long-acuminated, petiolate, ciliated, usually 7-nerved ; racemes axillary, few-flowered ; flowers minute, octandrous : calyx pilose, with 4 very short teeth ; petals oval ; style longer than the stamens ; berry minute, glo- bose, 3-celled. h • ^- Native of .South America, in the pro- vince of Cumana, at Mount Caripe. Melastoma rarifl6ra, Bonpl. niel. t. 50. This is a doubtful species, from the flowers being described as octandrous ; but in the figure the calyx is 5-lobed, and therefore the flowers would be decandrous. Flowers white. Fen-Jlon'cred Sagraea. Shrub 4 to 0 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Melastoma, 764. 782 MELASTOMACE^. LXIII. Dissoch/eta. LXIII. DISSOCH^TA (from Siairoe, dissos, double, and Xair)7, chaile, a bristle ; in reference to the connectives of the anthers being furnished with 2 bristles on their back, near the base). Blume, in bot. zeit. 1831. no. 28. p. 492. Lin. syst. Ocidndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx oblong, obscurely tetragonal, adhering to the ovarium ; limb drawn out beyond the ovarium, for the most part obsoletely 4-toothed, permanent. Petals 4. Stamens 4, but sometimes 8 ; when this last is the case, the alternate ones are sterile. Anthers ob- long-linear, opening by 1 pore, usually beaked and arched, rarely blunt and straight, furnished each with a lamellate, 2-awned, rarely undivided connective on the back, near the base. Style filiform, clavate. Stigma a pruinose dot. Berry elliptic -globose, nearly dry, crowned by the calyx, 4-celled, indehiscent. Seeds cuneated, angular. • — Sarmentose shrubs, with the branches, peduncles, and under side of leaves clothed with starry down, sometimes thickly and sometimes thinly, ac- cording to the species. Leaves petiolate, elliptic-oblong, quite entire, somewhat 5-nerved, glabrous above, for the most part of a different colour beneath. Inflorescence panicled, terminal, or axillary. Flowers pale red, blue, or w hitc. Habit of the genus Oxysporum. Sect. L Dissoch;e't,e (see genus for derivation). Blum, in bot. zeit. 1831. no. 28. p. 4:93. Limb of calyx cup-shaped, somewhat 4-toothed. Petals ovate-oblong, obtuse, or bluntish. Anthers fixed by the base or by the back. Connectives bifid or entire. Ovarium rather silky from stellate down at the apex. * Flowers tetrandrous. 1 D. fa'llax (Bhnne, 1. c.) leaves 5-nerved, ovate-oblong, acuminated, rather cordate, clothed with rusty, scurfy tomen- tum beneath ; panicles terminal ; calyx nearly quite entire ; anthers fixed beneath the middle, having their connectives un- divided. T^ . S. Native of Sumatra and Java, in woods, and among bushes. Melastoma fallax. Jack, in Lin. trans. 11. p. 13. Melast. Reinwardtianum, Blume, bijdr. p. 1069. Malast. diffusa, Reinwardt, ined. Flowers white. Fallacious Dissochseta. Sh. sarmentose. 2 D. interme'dia (Blum. 1. c.) leaves 5-nerved, ovate-oblong, acuminated, somewhat cordate at the base, clothed with pale scurfy ochraceous tomentuni beneath ; panicles terminal and axillary, inuch branched ; calyx almost quite entire ; anthers fixed by the base, having their connectives ending in 2 bristles. T; . S. Native of Java, in woods, on the chains of mountains called Pangaranghii and Gegerbinting. Flowers white ? Melas- toma fallax, Blum, bijdr. p. 10G8. 7 or. ft ; leaves clothed with rusty tomentum beneath ; pani- cles loose. Tj . S. Native of Java, on the mountains of Mega- mendong and Puluh-sarie. Intermediate Dissochseta. Shrub sarmentose. 3 D. MONTi'coLA (Blum. 1. c. p. 49 1.) leaves like those of the preceding species ; panicles terminal, simple, hardly branched. tj . S. Native of Java, on the calcareous mountains of Kuripan and Seribu. Mountain-born Dissochaeta. Shrub sarmentose. 4 D. LEPRosA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves 5-nerved, ovate-oblong, acuminated, somewhat cordate at the base, clothed with scurfy rusty tomentum beneath ; panicles loose, axillary, and terminal ; calyx 4-toothed ; connectives of anthers furnished with 2 bristles each. T^ . S. Native of Java, on mounts Salak and Gede. Melastoma leprosum, Blum, bijdr. p. 1068. Flowers larger than those of the preceding species. Leprous Dissochseta. Slirub sarmentose. * * Flowers octandrous, milk the alternate anthers sterile. 5 D. bractea'ta (Blum. 1. c. p. 495.) leaves 5-nerved, ovate, acuminated, cordate at the base, clothed with stellate down be- neath ; panicles terminal ; bracteas petiolate, ovate, mem- branous ; calyx almost quite entire ; connectives of anthers furnished with 2 bristles each. Tj . S. Native of Pido Penang. Melastoma bracteatum, Jacq. in Lin. trans. 14. p. 9. Flowers pale rose-coloured. Bracteate Dissochaeta. Shrub sarmentose. 6 D. va'cillans (Blum. 1. c.) leaves 3-nerved, as well as with 2 marginal nervules, ovate-oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base, cordate, of the same colour on both surfaces, smoothish above, but with a little scattered, scurfy down beneath ; pani- cles terminal ; calyxes quite entire ; anthers straight, with their connectives furnished with 2 bristles. I7 . S. Native of Java, in woods on the mountains of Seribu, in the province of Buiten- zorg. Flowers rose-coloured, middle-sized. Var. ft ; leaves narrower, and with longer taper points ; flowers smaller and white. Tj . S. In woods, at the base of Mount Salak. V acillatmg-a.n\hexeA Dissochseta. Shrub sarmentose. 7 D. Fu'scA (Blum, in bot. zeit. 1831. no. 29. p. 497.) leaves 3 nerved, as well as with 2 marginal nervules, long-acumin- ated, rounded at the base, clothed with greenish brown, stel- late, rather silky down beneath ; panicles terminal ; calyx nearly quite entire ; anthers falcate, having their connectives furnished with 2 bristles each, h , S. Native of Java, in woods on moun- tains of Salak and Gede. Melastoma fuscuni var. Blum, bijdr. 1074. var. y, D. C. prod. 3. p. 150. Flowers small, rose-coloured. Var, ft, ferruginea (Blum. 1. c.) leaves clothed with pale rusty stellate down beneath ; panicles axillary and terminal. Tj . S. Native of Java, in the province of Bamtam. Var. y, ohtuso-actiminata (Blinii. 1. c.) leaves terminated by a blunt acumen, clothed with stellate down beneath. Tj . S. Native of Java, in the province of Buitenzorg, about Tjampia. Fuscous Dissochfeta. Shrub sarmentose. 8 D. VELUTINA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves 3-nerved, as well as with 2 marginal nervules, elliptic-oblong, cuspidate, usually obliquely rounded at the base, clothed with stellate and simple ochraceous rather silky down beneath ; panicles axillary and terminal, rather corymbose ; calyx almost quite entire ; connectives of anthers furnished with 2 bristles each. Jj . S. Native of Java, in the pro\ince of Bamtam. Panicle more contracted than in D. vacillans. Velvety Dissochaeta. Shrub sarmentose. 9 D. gra'ciiis (Blum. 1. c. p. 498.) leaves 3-nerved, elliptic- oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base, glabrous ; panicles terminal, axillary, loose ; bracteas linear, caducous ; calyxes obsoletely 4-toothed ; anthers straight, blunt at the apex, at- tenuated at the base, having their connectives furnished with 2 bristles each. Ij . S. Native of Sumatra and of Java, in the low lands. Melastoma gracilis. Jack, in Lin. trans. 14. p. 14. Melast. vacillans, var. c!, pallens, Blum, bijdr. p. 1074. Melast. alba, Reinw. ined. Flowers pale blue. Slender Dissochaeta. Shrub sarmentose. 10 D. inappendicula'ta (Blum. 1. c. p. 499.) leaves 3- nerved, besides 2 marginal nervules, ovate-oblong, long-acu- minated, rounded at tlie base, brownish-green beneath, and clothed with stellate scurfy pili ; panicles terminal ; calyx almost quite entire : anthers fixed by the base, each furnished with a triangular, inappendieulate connective. \i . S. Native of Java, in the western part. Melastoma vacillans, var. a, Blum, bijdr. p. 1074. D. C. prod. 3. p. 150. Flowers rose-coloured, mid- dle-sized. Var. ft, purpitrdscens (Blum. 1. c.) leaves densely beset with MELASTOMACEiE. LXIII. Dissocii.eta. LXIV. Aplectrum. LXV. Tetrazygia. 783 ocliraceous dots beneath, and purplish wool. Jj . S. Java, on Mount Magamendong. I'ar. y, lomenthsa (Blum. 1. c.) leaves densely clothed with ocliraceous tomentuni beneath ; panicles axillary and terminal. h . S. Java, in the province of Uanitam. Iiiappcitdiculalcd-amhcrvd Dissocha^ta. Sh. sarmentose. 11 D. RETICULATA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves 3-nerved, besides the 'Z marginal nervules, ovate-oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base, or somewhat cordate, reticulated beneath and covered with ocliraceous dots ; panicles terminal ; caly.K almost quite entire ; anthers fixed by the back, furnished with somewhat rhomboid, inap])endiculate connectives. ?2 . S. Native of Java, in woods, on the mountains in the province of Bamtam. /\'f(;VH/o/((/-leaved Dissochajta. Siirub sarmentose. 12 D. sAciTTATA (BKuii. 1. c. p. 500.) Icavcs 3-nerved, besides the lateral nervules, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, cuspi- date, roimdcd at the base, clothed with rusty tomentum beneath ; panicles axillary and terminal ; calyx 4-toothed ; anthers fixed by the base, having their connectives sagittate or furnished with 2 short bristles each. Ji . S. Native of Java, in shady woods, in the province of Bamtam. Sagittate-connect'ived Dissochaeta. Sh. sarmentose. * * * Fhwers octandrous, nhh all the anthers fertile. 13 D. pa'llida (Blum. I.e.) leaves 5-nerved, ovate, acumin- ated, somewhat cordate at the base, beset with scattered stellate scales ; panicles axillary and terminal ; anthers fixed above the base, with their connectives furnished with 2 bristles each, h . S. Native of the Malay islands. Melastoma pallida. Jack, in Lin. trans, li p. 12. Flowers white. Pale Dissochaeta. Shrub sarmentose. 14? D. nemorosa; shrub clothed with rusty villi; leaves ovate-lanceolate, .5-nerved ; peduncles axillary, usually solitary ; stamens unequal ; anthers sessile, furnished with amc]ed Dissochwta. Shrub sarmentose. 16 D. glalVa (Blum, in bot. zeit. 1831. no. 29. p. 501.) leaves 3-nerved, besides the 2 marginal nervules, oblong, cor- date, bluntly acuminated, clothed with scurfy, stellate down beneath as well as the branchlets, and panicles which are ter- minal ; stamens G-8, 4 of which are only fertile, h^ • S- Na- tive of Pulo Pcnang and of Java. Melastoma glauca, Jack, in Lin. trans. 14. p. 15. Flowers pale blue. Glaucous Dissochaeta. Shrub sarmentose. 17 D. cyanoca'rpa (Blum. 1. c.) branchlets and petioles beset with scattered simple bristles ; leaves 3-nerved, besides the 2 marginal nervules, ovate-oblong, acuminated, cordate at the base ; stamens 8, the 4 alternate ones barren. V^ . S. Native of Java, in woods, on the higher mountains, where it is called by the natives Tjalimt-jiing-aroy. Flowers as well as berries blue. Blue-fruited Dissochaeta. Shrub sarmentose. Cult, For culture and propagation see Alcldstoma, p. 7Qi. The species are all elegant when in flower. LXIV. APLE'CTRUM (a, priv. and vXtKTpov, pkclron, a spur ; anthers without spurs or connectives). Blum, in bot. zeit. 1831. no. 29. p. 502. LiN. sYST. Octandria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx ovate- globose, adhering to the ovarium ; limb drawn out beyond the ovarium, truncate, or obsoletely 4-toothed. Petals 4, ovate, acute, or bkmtish. Stamens 8, the 4 alternate ones sterile. Anthers ovate, obtuse at both ends, opening by 1 pore at the apex, inappendiculate at the base. Ovarium glabrous, crowned by 4 crests. Style filiform ; stigma a pruinose dot. Berry nearly globose, crowned by the calyx, 4-celled, many-seeded. Seeds cuneiform. — Sarmentose sinootliish shrubs, with the habit of Dissoehce'ta. Leaves petiolate, elliptic-oblong, quite entire, 5-nerved. Inflorescence panicled, axillary, and terminal. Flowers small, white. 1 A. vimina'le (Blum. 1. c.) leaves 5-nerved, cordate-oblong, or ovate, bluntly acuminated, clothed with stellate down be- neath ; panicles trichotomous, axillary, and terminal ; bracteas oblong, ciliated ; petioles furnished with 1 or 2 bristles. Ij . S. Native of Java and Sumatra, in shady places. Melastoma vimi- nale. Jack, in Lin. trans. 14. p. 16. Blum, bijdr. p. 1073. Twiggy Aplectrum. Shrub sarmentose. 2 A. rostra'tum (Blum. 1. c.) leaves 3-nerved, besides the 2 marginal nervules, ovate-oblong, each ending in a long blunt acumen, rounded at the base, glabrous ; racemes axillary and terminal, almost simple ; bracteas oval, ciliated ; petioles often bristly. ^ . S. Native of Java, on the mountains of Seribu. Melastoma rostratum, Blum, bijdr. p. 1074. Beaked Aplectrum. Shrub sarmentose. 3 A. stipula're (Blum. 1. c. p. 505.) leaves 5-nerved, ovate- oblong, bluntly acuminated, somewhat cordate at the base, gla- brous ; panicle terminal, corymbose ; bracteas linear ; petioles bristly. f; . .S. Native of Java, on the mountains of Salak. Melastoma stipulare, Blum, bijdr. p. 1075. Stipular Aplectrum. Shrub sarmentose. Cult. For culture and propagation see Melastoma, p. 764. LXV. TETRAZY'GIA (from -t-pa, tetra, four, and iivyoc, zugos, a yoke ; in reference to tiie quaternary number of the parts of the flower). Rich. herb. D. C. prod. 3. p. 172. Lin. syst. Tetra-Oetdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx globose or urceolate ; limb drawn out beyond the ovarium, permanent, with 4 short teeth. Petals 4, obovate. Stamens 4-8, equal. Anthers linear, obtuse at the base, opening by a pore at the apex. Ovarium glabrous. Style filiform. Stigma dot-formed. Capsule baccate, 4-celled. Seeds numerous, cu- neated, angular, shining, with a linear hylum. — West Indian shrubs, with the branches, petioles, and under side of leaves scurfy or lepidotted. Leaves ovate or oblong, discoloured be- neath, 3-nervcd, petiolate. Cyme trichotomous, terminal. Flowers white, bractless. Sect. I. Tetraste'mon (from Terpa, tetra, four, and arrjuuv, stimon, a stamen; stamens 4.). D. C. prod. 3. p. 172. Sta- mens 4. Thyrse panicle-formed. Perhaps this section is suffi- cient to constitute a new genus. 1 T. tetra'ndria (D. C. prod. 3. p. 172.) branchlets tetra- Tonal, glabrous, and are as well as the petioles rusty ; leaves petiolate, oblong, obtuse, somewhat cordate at the base, acute at the apex, with revolute quite entire margins, 3-nerved, clothed 784 MELASTOMACE^. LXV. Tetrazygia. LXVI. Heterotrichum. with small, lepidotted down beneath as well as on the peduncles and calyxes ; thyrse panicled, many-flowered. Pj . S. Native of Jamaica, on the highest mountains, and of Guadaloupe. Melastoma tetrandra, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 795. but not M. tetrdmlrum of Spreng. syst. Flowers small, white, te- trandrous. Tetrandrous Tetrazygia. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. Sect. II. Octoste'mon (from oktw, octo, eight, and orij^wc, stemon, a stamen; stamens 8.). D. C. prod. 3. p. 172. Sta- mens 8. Thyrse corymb-formed. 2 T. DISCOLOR (D. C. prod. 3. p. 172.) branches bluntly tetragonal ; petioles, panicles, and under side of leaves clothed with flocky, short, white, stellate down ; leaves repandly denti- culated, oval, acuminated, 5-nerved ; glabrous above ; cyme paniculately corymbose, trichotomous, terminal ; teeth of calyx short, obtuse ; petals oval, retuse. I^ . S. Native of the West Indies, Guadaloupe, Martinico, St. Vincent, Mont Serrat, &c. Melftstoma discolor, Lin. spec. p. 560. Jacq. amer. t. 130. t. 84. Rich, in Bonpl. mel. t. 34. Melast. acuminata, Vahl. eel. 1. t. 7. Melast. elseagnoides, Sieb. fl. trin. no. 61. Flowers cream-coloured. 7'n'o-co/o!;rerf-leaved Tetrazygia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 3 T. ELiBAGNoiDES (D. C. 1. c.) brandies nearly terete, and are as well as the petioles and under side of leaves clothed witli adpressed, rufescent, lepidotted, rather powdery down ; leaves oblong, 3-nerved, attenuated at both ends, glabrous above, rather coriaceous ; cymes twice trifid, terminal ; limb of calyx urceolate, obscurely 4-toothed. Tj . S. Native of the West Indies. Melastoma elseagnoides, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 815. Vahl. icon. pi. amer. 2. t. 28. Rich, in Bonpl. rhex. t. 13. Petals white, obovate. Berries bluish black, bottle-shaped, from being crowned by the permanent neck of the calyx. E/ceagtiMS-Hke Tetrazygia. Shrub 3 to 1 0 feet. 4 T. ANGUSTiFOLiA (D. C. 1. c.) branches terete, and are as well as the petioles and under side of leaves clothed with velvety, minute, stellate down ; leaves linear-lanceolate, with revolute, quite entire margins, 3-nerved, beset with yellowish dots above ; lateral nerves approximating the margin of leaf; cymes pani- culately corymbose, trichotomous ; calyx rather globose, with the limb slightly 4-toothed. ^.S. Native of the West Indies, particularly of Montserrat, Trinidad, Guadaloupe, &-c. Melas- toma angustifolia, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 799. Rich, in Bonpl. mel. t. 10. Vahl. dec. amer. 3. t. 26. Petals from white to pale red, obovate. Flowers one-half smaller than those of T, elceagnoides. Fruit nearly globose, not bottle-shaped. Narrow-leaved Tetrazygia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 5 T. cROTONiFOLiA (D. C. 1. c.) branches terete, hispid ; leaves sessile, cordate, lanceolate, denticulated, 3-5-nerved, glabrous above, and rather muricatcd, clothed with white down or tomentum beneath ; panicles terminal, few-flowered ; calyx rather campanulate, 4-toothed. T^ . S. Native of St. Domingo. Melast. crotonifolia, Desr. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 43. Petals 4, oval, purple. Fruit ovate, glabrous, crowned by the calyx. The habit of the plant is between that of Heterotrichum and Tetrazygia. Croton-leaved Tetrazygia. Sh. 3 to 6 feet. Cult. See Melastoma for culture and propagation, p. 764. LXVI. HETEROTRICHUM (from krepoQ, heteros, varia- ble, and -?pi^ rpiyoQ, ihrix trichos, a hair ; the plants are clothed with variable hairs, some stellate and soft, and others simple and bristly intermixed). D. C. prod. 3. p. 173. Lin. syst. Deca-Icosandria, Monogijnia. Tube of calyx ovate-globose ; limb 5-8-cleft, with the lobes permanent and broad at the base, and elongated and subulate at the apex. Pe- tals 5-8, oval. Stamens 12-16, equal ; filaments glabrous ; an- thers oblong, hardly gibbous at the base, opening by one pore at the apex. Ovarium glabrous, umbilicate at the apex. Style cylin- drical; stigma a pruinose dot. Capsule baccate, 5-6-celled, glo- bose, crowned by the calyx. Seeds unknown. — Shrubs, natives of St. Domingo. Branches terete, and are, as well as the petioles, panicles, and calyxes beset with stifl!" bristles and stellate down intermixed. Leaves petiolate, bristly above, and hispid on the nerves beneath, but velvety between the nerves. Cymes terminal, trichotomous, umbellate. Flowers white or purple. The torus in H. octonum is easily separated from the calyx, forming a tunic around the ovarium, toothed at the apex. Perhaps in all. 1 H. ANonsTiFOLiuM (D. C. prod. 3. p. 173.) branches, pe- tioles, and peduncles, as well as under side of leaves and calyxes, clothed with short stellate white tomentum, intermixed with stiff" rufous spreading bristles ; leaves oblong, obtuse at the base, acuminated at the apex, rugosely crenidated, beset with bristles on the upper surface, which are tumid at the base, triple-nerved; cymes divaricate, trichotomous, terminal ; tube of calyx ovate, having the lobes of the limb dilated and rounded at the base, and ending each in a subulate mucrone. Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo and Martinique. Melastoma hirta, Desr. in Lara, diet. 4. p. 43. but not of others. Melast. Berteroanum, Ser. mss — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 141. Perhaps the same as Melast. pallensof Spreng. syst. Petals ovate, acutish. Anthers oblong, bluntly subgibbous at the base. Axils of nerves bearded. Narrow-leaved Heterotrichum. Sh. 3 to 6 feet. 2 H. Ni'vEUM (D. C. 1. c.) branches, petioles, pedicels, and under side of leaves, beset with blackish rigid bristles, inter- mixed with white stellate down ; leaves cordate, acuminated, scabious from bristles above, 7-nerved ; panicle loose ; flowers 6-cleft. Ij . S. Native of St. Domingo. Melastoma nivea, Desr. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 42. Very nearly allied to the following species, but differs in the down being white, as in the preceding species, and in the flowers being 6-cleft and dodecandrous. White Heterotrichum. Sh. 6 to 8 feet. 3 H. PATTENS (D. C. 1. c.) branches, petioles, peduncles, and calyxes, beset with glandular bristles, intermixed with stellate down ; leaves cordate, acuminated, somewhat denticulated, 7- nerved, rather scabrous above, but clothed with white velvety down beneath ; cymes terminal, loose ; flowers 6-8-cleft ; lobes of calyx spreading. Vi . S. Native of St. Domingo. Melas- toma patens, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 791. Melast. lappacea, Desr. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 42. Melast. grandiflorum, Spreng. in herb. Balb. but not of Aubl. Flowers pale red or whitish. Berry sweet, but insipid. Sj)readi?ig Heterotrichum. Shrub 6 feet. 4 H. OCTONUM (D. C. 1. c.) branches, petioles, and peduncles beset with long, spreading, reflexed bristles, intermixed with short, stellate down ; leaves cordate, acuminated, 5-7-nerved, hispid above from simple, toothed bristles, but clothed with stellate down beneath ; thyrse panicled, terminal ; teeth of calyx 8, subulate, short, permanent, incurved. h . S. Native of South America, on Mount Quindiu, near the river Guada. Melastoma octona, Bonpl. mel. t. 4. Petals 4, white. Torus separable from the calyx, forming an 8-toothed tunic around the ovarium. Eight-c\e{t-ca\yxed Heterotrichum. Sh. 6 to 9 feet. 5 H. NovEMNERViuM (D. C. 1. c.) branches, petioles, and peduncles beset with glandular bristles, intermixed with grey stellate tomentum ; leaves ovate, rather cordate at the base, acuminated at the apex, ciliately serrulated, 9-nerved, rough from blisters above, and velvety beneath from white stellate down ; thyrse panicled, loose, terminal ; calyx clothed with white tomentum, having 5, erectish lobes. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, Petals oblong. MELASTOMACEiE. LXVII. Conostegia. 785 Nine-nerved-]eaved Heterotrichum. Sh. 6 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Meldstoma, p. 764. LXVII. CONOSTE^GIA (from Koi'og, konos, a cone, and artyri, stcge, a covering ; in reference to tlie conical calyptri- form calyx falling off in one piece). D. Don, in niein. soc. wern. 4. p. 31 C. Ser. niss. D. C. prod. 3. p. 173. — Melustoma calyp- tr^ta, Bonpl. mel. — Calycotomus and Briiguiera, Rich. ined. Lin. syst. Dcca-Ivosandria, Monogijnia. Tube of calyx ad- nata to the ovarium ; limb undivided, conical, form of a calyptra, cut round (f. 112. b.), or irregularly ruptured at the base through aestivation, and therefore falling off in one ])iece (f. 112. a.). Petals 5-6. Stamens 10-16. Anthers usually biauriculate at the base. Stigma capitate or peltate. Capsule baccate, 3-8- celled. Seeds ovoid, angular. — Trees or shrubs, for the most part natives of South America. Leaves petiolate. Thyrse pa- nicled, terminal. Flowers usually white. Sect. I. Erioste'gia (from tpwv, erion, wool, and aTtyr), stege, a covering ; calyx woolly). Flower-bud globose, hispid, abruptly acuminated. 1 C. MvTi'sii (Ser. mss. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 174.) branches, petioles, peduncles, and calyxes hairy ; leaves large, cordate- oval, rather acuminated, denticulated, 7-9-nerved, glabrous above, but rather pilose on the nerves beneath ; peduncles ter- minal, usually 3-flowered ; flower-bud ovate-globose, abruptly acuminated, and regularly cut round at the base. T^ . S. Native of South America, on Mount Quindiu, at the altitude of 2300 feet. Melastoma Mutisii, Bonpl. mel. 1. p. 136. t. 58. Calyx large, hairy. Bracteas linear-subulate. Petals 5, white, oval. The flowers are said to be polyandrous in the character given by Bonpland, and decandrous in the French description. Stigma simple. Miitis's Conostegia. Tree 20 feet. Sect. II. Euconoste'gia (this section contains what are sup- posed to be the true species of the genus). Flower-bud ovate, blunt at the apex or acutish, glabrous or a little velvety. 2 C. EXTiNCTORiA (D. DoH, in mem. wern. soc. 4. p. 316.) branches bluntly tetragonal, rather terete, and are, as well as the petioles, leaves, and panicles, clothed with adpressed rusty down ; leaves oval-oblong, long-acuminated, quintuple-nerved, with repandly denticulated margins, glabrous and shining above ; panicle terminal ; flower-bud conical and acute at the apex, cut round about in the middle. Vj . S. Native of New Granada, in temperate places near Mariquita. Melastoma extinctorium, Bonpl. mel. t. 57. Petals 6, obovate, white. Stamens 20. Berry 5-celled. Spoiled Conostegia. Tree 24 feet. 3 C. Di'scoLOR (D. C. prod. 3. p. 174.) branches nearly terete, and are, as well as the petioles, peduncles, and under side of leaves, clothed with short rusty down ; leaves oval, attenuated at the base, acuminated at the apex, quite entire, 5-nerved, be- sides the marginal nervules ; thyrse terminal, panicled, loose ; calyx glabrous after opening, urceolate, truncate, globose at the base, fj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Melastoma tetrandrum, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 305. exclusive of the synonymes. Tiro-coloured-\en\cA Conostegia. Tree 12 to 20 feet. 4 C. I'Ro'cERA (D. Don, 1. c.) glabrous ; branches bluntly tetragonal ; leaves oval-lanceolate, acuminated, entire, triple- nerved, bearded in the axils of the nerves beneath ; thyrse pani- cled, terminal, loose ; Hower-bud ovate, acuminated, cut round in the middle. I7 . S. Native of Jamaica, on the mountains. Melast. procera, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 764. Bonpl. mel. t. 51. Perhaps Swartz's plant under this name is the same as Bon- pland's, although Swartz says the leaves of his plant are glabrous, VOL. II. FIG. 112. and sometimes rusty beneath, the stigma capitate, and the flowers decandrous ; Bonpland says, his plant has dodecandrous flowers, nerves of leaves bearded, and an acute stigma. Flowers white. (f. 112.) Ta// Conostegia. Tree 12 to SO feet. 5 C. Balbisia'na (Ser. mss. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 174.) quite glabrous ; branches bluntly te- tragonal ; leaves oval, rather ob- long, hardly acuminated, quite entire, triple- nerved, besides the marginal nervules ; thyrse pa- nicled, terminal, elongated, hav- ing its branchlets 3-flowered ; flower- bud ovate, acutish, at length cut roimd about. fj . S. Native of Jamaica. Flowers twice the size of those of C. calyp- trata. Perhaps the same as Melastoma procera, Swartz, but not of Bonpl. ? Base of calyx campanulate, rather urceolate, trun- cate. Stamens 12. Style not thickened at the apex. Berry 8-celled. Balbh's Conostegia- Tree 20 feet. 6 C. subhirsu'ta (D. C. prod. 3. p. 174.) branchlets tetra- gonal, and are, as well as the peduncles and nerves of leaves, densely clothed with rusty branched down ; leaves oval, some- what attenuated at the base, abruptly acuminated at the apex, quite entire, 5-nerved, glabrous on both surfaces, except the nerves on the under surface ; thyrse panicled, terminal, few- flowered ; calyx ovoid, after separating hemispherical truncate and glabrous at the base. I7 . S. Native of Cuba, about the Havanah, and of Guadaloupe. Bruguiera, Rich. herb. This species is very distinct in the hairiness, form of the leaves and calyxes. Petals 8-10, obovate-oblong. Berry 12-celled. Stigma peltate. Ralher-hairy Conostegia. Tree 20 feet. 7 C. calyptra'ta (D. Don, 1. c.) smoothish ; branches tetra- gonal, and are, as well as the petioles, panicles, and nerves of leaves on the under side, clothed with scurfy down ; leaves on long petioles, oval-oblong, long-acuminated, glabrous above, somewhat denticulated, 3-nervtd, besides the 2 small lateral nervules ; thyrse panicled, terminal, loose ; flower-bud ovate, obtuse at the base, rather acutish at the apex, cut round about in the middle. I^ . S. Native of mountain woods in Guadaloupe, Martinique, and Montserrat, &c. Melastoma calyptrata, Desr. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 51. Rich, in Bonpl. mel. t. 46. Vahl. eel. 1. p. 40. Flowers white. Calyptrale-ca\yxed Conostegia. Sh. 6 to 8 feet. 8 C. cornifolia (Ser. mss. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 175.) quite glabrous ; branches nearly terete ; leaves petiolate, oval, short- acuminated, quite entire, 3-nerved, besides the marginal ner- vules ; thyrse panicled, terminal, loose ; flower-bud ovate, ob- tuse at the base, rather acutish at the apex, sometimes cut round about in the middle, and sometimes opening irregularly by 2 valves. 1; . S. Native of Martinique. Tliere is a small-leaved variety found on the mountains, and a large-leaved variety in the woods. Melastoma cornifolia, Desr. in Lara. diet. 4. p. 51. Rich, in Bonpl. mel. t. 41. Melast. plcta, Vahl. eel. 3. p. 15. ex Ser. Petals 5, white, obtuse. Stamens 10. Berry 4-celled. Dng-nood-lcavcd Conostegia. Tree 20 feet. 9 C. se.micrena'ta (Ser. mss. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 175.) gla- brous ; branches nearly terete ; leaves oblong, long-acuminated, repandly crenated in the upper part, 3-nerved, rusty beneath in the adult state ; thyrse panicled, terminal, loose ; flower-bud oval, attenuated at the base, acutish at the apex; tube of calyx 0 H 786 MELASTOMACE^. LXVII. CoNosTEorA. LXVIII. Diplogenea. LXIX. Diplochita. a little striated, with a circumcised or irregularly ruptured limb. Ij . S. Native of Guadaloupe, and of Cuba about the Havanah. Melastoma semicren^ta, Rich, in Bonpl. mel. t. 31. Melastoma acuminata, Desr. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 54. Melast. elongata, Vahl. eel. 3. p. 16. ex Ser. Petals 5, white. Stamens 10. Ovarium 3-celled. Half-crenated-lenved Conostegia. Tree 20 to 30 feet. IOC. tunica'ta (Ser. mss. in D. C. 1. c.) glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves oval-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, quite entire, triple-nerved, besides tlie marginal nervules ; thyrse panicled, terminal, short ; flower-bud ovate, irregularly rup- tured. Ij . S. Native of Peru, on the Andes. Melastoma tunicata, Bonpl. mel. t. 60. Petals 5, white, oval. Anthers not auricled at the base. Berry 5-celled. Tunicated Conostegia. Sh. 4 to 6 feet. 11 C. parviflora (D. C. 1. c.) glabrous ; branchlets terete ; leaves oval, attenuately acuminated, repandly crenated, quintuple nerved ; thyrse panicled, terminal, with its branches spreading ; calyx circumcised. Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Melas- toma montanum, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 296. This species differs from C. montana in the leaves being oval, not oblong, crenated, not denticulated, quintuple-nerved, not 3-nerved. Small-leaved Conostegia. Shrub G ft. 12 C. monta'na (D. Don, 1. c.) smoothish ; branchlets tetra- gonal, clothed with mealy cinereous down ; leaves oblong, some- what denticulated, 3-nerved, besides the marginal nervules, paler beneath ; thyrse panicled, terminal, having its branches spreading; flower-bud obtuse, cut round in the middle. T^ . S. Native of the high mountains in the south of Jamaica. Melas- toma montana, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 766. Flowers small. Limb of calyx truncate after opening, urceolate, with an unequal edge. Petals oblong-obovate, white. Stamens 10-16 ; stigma rather capitate. Mountain Conostegia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 13 C. Mexica'na (Ser. mss. ex D. C. 1. c.) quite glabrous; branchlets terete ; leaves oval-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, denticulated, quintuple-nerved ; thyrse terminal, panicled, loose ; flower-bud ovate-oblong, obtuse, irregularly ruptured. T^ . S. Native in the temperate parts of Mexico. Melastoma Mexiciina, Bonpl. mel. t. 55. Petals 5, white, oval. Stamens 10 ; stigma obtuse. Berry 5-eelled. Mexican Conostegia. Shrub 6 feet. 14 C. Xalape'nsis (D. Don, 1. c.) branchlets terete, and are, as well as the petioles, panicles, and under side of leaves, clothed with rusty down ; leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends, quin- tuple-nerved, toothed; thyrse terminal, panicled, ovate; flower- bud ovate, obtuse at both ends, regularly cut round about in the middle. h . S. Native of Mexico, near Xalapa. Melas- toma Xalapensis, Bonpl. mel. t. 54. Petals 5, oval, white. Stamens 10; stigma obtuse. Xalapa Conostegia. Shrub 5 feet. 15 C. lute'scens (Ser. mss. ex D. C. 1. c.) branches quite glabrous, obscurely tetragonal .ibove ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, attenuated, glabrous, a little toothed on the outer margin, petio- late, 3-5nerved ; racemes terminal, compound ; flowers decan- drous ; peduncles 3-flowered, the middle flower of the three sessile ; calyx ovate, acute, at length truncate ; style brownish purple, longer than the corolla and stamens. Ij . S. Native of the Island of Montserrat. Melastoma luiescens, Vahl. eel. fasc. 3. p. 17. but notofHumb. et Bonpl. Yellowish Conostegia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 16 C. gla'bra (D. Don, I.e.) branches nearly terete ; leaves oblong, acuminated, somewhat 3-nerved, quite entire, glabrous ; panicle terminal ; calyx circumcised. ^2 • S. Native of the Society Islands. Melastoma glabra, Forst. prod. no. 194. Willd. spec. 2. p. 584. The whole shrub quite glabrous, the branches purplish, the leaves almost one-nerved, from the mar- ginal nerves being confluent. Cymes corymbose, terminal, tricho- tomous. Flower-bud obovate, obtuse. Glabrous Conostegia. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. "f" Species not described . 17 C. HOLosERi'cEA (D. Don, mem. soc. wern. 4. p. 316.) l^.S. Native of Peru. Melastoma holosericea, Pav. in herb. Lamb, but not of Lin. Whole-silky Conostegia. Shrub. 18 C. cuculla'ta (D. Don, I. c.) Ij . S. Native of Peru. Melastoma cucullata, Pav. in herb. Lamb. Ctwullate Conostegia. Shrub. 19 C. supe'rba (D. Don, 1. c.) Jj . S. Native of South America. Melastoma superba, Bonpl. ined. Superb Conostegia. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Melastoma, p. 764. LXVIII. DIPLOGFNEA (from SittXooc, diploos, and ysvea, genea, generation). Lindl. in Brande's quart, journ. Oct. 1828. p. 121. Lin. svst. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with a calyptri- form conical deciduous limb. Petals 4, lanceolate, inserted in the fleshy disk which covers the ovarium ; anthers ovate, bical- carate at the base, opening by one pore at the apex. Ovarium adnate to the calyx, 4-celled, many seeded, crowned by the large fleshy disk. Style falcate, clavate. Stigma simple. — A smooth parasitical shrub, almost with the habit of Viscum. Branches fleshy, dichotomous, compressed in the young state. Leaves oblong, retuse, fleshy, 3-ribbed, veinless, filled with oily receptacles between the parenchyma. Flowers small, white, disposed in short axillary racemes. Tube of calyx replete with oily receptacles. 1 C. viscoiDEs (Lindl. 1. c.) Tj . S. Native of Madagascar at St. Mary's. Misseltoe-like Diplogenea. Shrub. Cult. This plant being parasitical, it shoidd be treated in the same manner as tropical orchideous plants. Cuttings will strike root under a hand-glass. LXIX. DIPLOCHFTA (from cnrXoog, diploos, double, and Xirwr, chiton, an outer covering ; in reference to the calyx, which is involved by 2 bracteas while in a young state). D. C. prod. 3. p. 176. — Cliitonia, D. Don, in mem. wern. soc. 4. p. 317. but not of Mocino. — Fothergilla, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 441. but not of Lin. Lin. syst. Deca-Dodecandria, Monogynia. Calyx adhering to the ovarium at the base, when young involved by 2 bracteas, cylindrical, with the throat usually ciliated after flowering ; limb bluntly 5- 6- toothed, permanent, drawn out beyond the ovarium. Petals 5-6, usually oblong. Anthers biauriculate at the base, opening by one pore at the apex. Ovarium ovate-oblong, crowned by a callous glabrous disk. Style filiform ; stigma peltate or capitate. Capsule dry, indehiscent, 5-celled. Seeds ovate. — Tall South American showy trees or large shrubs, usually clothed with rusty velvety down on the branches, and under side of the leaves. Leaves petiolate, ovate, usually acu- minated, obtuse or cordate at the base, smoothish above, with the margins quite entire or crenated. Thyrse terminal, with op- posite branches. Flowers white or rose-coloured, but in one of the species yellow. Bracteas 2, oval, large, involving the calyx when young, but at length falling off altogether. * Leaves quite entire. 1 D. Fothergi'lla (D. C. prod. 3. p. 176.) branches com- pressed when young, but at length becoming terete, and are, as well as the petioles, rachis, and nerves of leaves on the under side, clothed with rufous down ; leaves petiolate, oval, acumi- MELAST0MACE7E. LXIX. DirLOcniTA. LXX. Phyllopus. 787 nated, quite entire, 5-nerved, hardly clotiied with velvety white down between the nerves ; thyrse panicled, inany-flowered ; bractcas velvety ; calyx quite glabrous in the adult state ; stigma dilated, rather peltate. I; . S. Native of Guadeloupe and Trinidad, Guiana and Brazil. Melastoma FothergiUa, Rich, in Bonpl. mel. t. 32. Melastoma compressa, Vahl. eel. 3. p. 23. dec. anier. 2. t. 17. Fothergilla mirabilis, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 441. t. 174. Flowers white. Fothcrgill's Diplochita. Clt. 1815. Tree 10 to 20 feet. 2 D. FLORIDA (D. C. 1. c ) branches terete, and are, as well as the petioles, rachis, and nerves of leaves on the under side, clothed w ith almost imperceptible rufous down ; leaves petio- late, elliptic-oblong, cuneated at the base, acuminated at the apex, 5-nerved, quite entire, glabrous above, but covered witli almost imperceptible white down beneath ; thyrse terminal, many-flowered ; bracteas coloured under the flower, rather vel- vety ; calyxes quite glabrous, with a truncate, bluntly somewhat 5- toothed border. Ij . S. Native of French Guiana. A shewy tree, called by the natives of Guiana Bois Yaman. Trunk tall, usually furrowed. Bracteas rose-coloured, as in Cornus Jlorida. Petals, stamens, and style unknown. Berry 3-5-celled. Seeds an- gular. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from D. FothergiUa, and the synonyme of Aublet is perhaps referrible to this plant. Florid Diplochita. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 3 D. BRACTEA TA (D. C. 1. c.) branches rather compressed when young, and are, as well as the panicles, petioles, and under side of leaves, clothed with whitish brown, adpressed, flocky, stellate down ; leaves petiolate, oval, acuminated, obtuse at the base, with the margins quite entire, glabrous on the upper sur- face ; panicles terminal, and there are also racemose peduncles rising from the axils of the upper leaves ; calyx tubular, not striated; petals glabrous, fj . S. Native of Brazil, near Coari, in marshy fields. Melastoma bracteatum, Mart, et Schrank, mss. Like D. Fothergilla, but differs in the margins of the leaves being quite entire, in the calyxes being tomentose, and in the stigmas not being dilated. Bracteate-^owexedi Diplochita. Shrub 10 to 20 feet. 4 D. mucrona'ta (D. C. prod. 3. p. 177.) branchlets some- what compressed, at length terete, and are, as well as the pe- tioles, panicles, and vmder side of leaves, densely clothed with rufous stellate down ; leaves petiolate, broadly oval, abruptly acuminated, almost entire, quite glabrous above, 5-nerved; thyrse somewhat panicled, rising from the top of the branches in an umbellate manner ; bracteas and calyxes tomentose ; petals 5-6, oblong ; stigma dot-formed. fj . S. Native of French Guiana. Melastoma mucronata, Desr. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 47. Rich, in Bonpl. mel. t. 18. Calyx furnished with a ring of hairs under the insertion of the stamens. Ovariimi toothed at the apex. Berry 1-celled, black. Anthers bluntly auricled at the base. Flowers white. Mucronate Diplochita. Shrub 6 to 1 0 feet. 5 D. Swartzia'na (D. C. 1. c.) branchlets rather terete, and are, as well as the petioles, peduncles, and under side of leaves, clothed with short hoary rufescent stellate down ; leaves oblong- oval, abruptly acuminated, 5-7-nerved, quite entire ; thyrse straight ; bracteas deciduous ; calyxes tomentose, bluntly tooth- ed, not ciliated inside. T; . S. Native of Jamaica. Melastoma Tamonea, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 783. Mehistoma Swartziana, Rich, in Bonpl. mel. t. 33. Melast. dodecandra, Desr. in Lam. diet. Petals 5-6, oblong, red. Stigma hardly dilated. This species comes very near to D. acuminata, but differs in the want of the ring of hairs under the stamens, and in the ovarium not being toothed at the apex. 5nia for culture and propagation, p. 764. Elegant climbing plants, bearing large showy flowers. LXXIV. PHYLLAGA'THIS (from aipa, sphaira, a sphere ; in reference to the globular smooth fruit) D. C. prod. 3. p. 179. Tube of calyx and fruit globose and quite smooth. Flowers crowded, or in 1 series, disposed in a thyrse on the ends of the branches. 1 M. racemosa (D. C. prod. 3. p. 179.) branchlets bluntly tetragonal, but at length becoming terete, glabrous, but ciliated at the knots ; leaves petiolate, oval, attenuated at the base, acutish at the apex, serrulated, and ciliated with bristles, 3- nerved, besides the marginal nervules, nearly glabrous on both surfaces; thyrse panicled, terminal; having the flowers dis- posed along its branches in 1 row. Ij . S. Native of Guiana, Porto Rico, and Trinidad, in marshy places of woods. Melas- toma racemosa, Aubl. guian. t. 156. Rich, in Bonpl. mel. t. 27. Melast. decussata, Vahl. eel. 1. p. 49. Flowers red. /facemose-flowered Miconia. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 2 M. barbi'gera (D. C. 1. c.) branches bluntly tetragonal, at length becoming terete, glabrous, ciliated at the knots ; petioles elongated, bristly at the apex ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated with bristles, 3-nerved, besides the marginal nervules, glabrous on both surfaces in the adult state ; thyrse panicled, terminal, having the flowers disposed in 1 series along its branches. Ij . S. Native of French Guiana. Inflorescence as in M. racemosa. Leaves nearly as in M. cilidta, but the petioles are about 3-times longer. Flowers white. Bearded-\)ei\o\eA Miconia. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 3 M. puupura'scens (D. C. 1. c.) branches bluntly tetragonal, pilose ; leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, acute, serrulately ciliated, pilose ; thyrse panicled, terminal ; having the flowers disposed in 1 series along its branches. tj . S. Native of Guiana, on the banks of rivulets. Melastoma purpurascens, Aubl. guian. t. 154. but not of Swartz. Melast. purpurea, Willd. spec. 2. p. 590. but not of Pav. Berry purple. Petals white. Purplish MKonxa. Fl. July. Clt. 1817. Sh. 3 to 6 feet. 4 M. sETiNODis (D. C. 1. c.) branches terete, glabrous, cili- ated with bristles at the knots ; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, acuminated, ciliately serrated, 3-nerved, besides the 2 marginal nervules, glabrous except the axils of the nerves, which are bearded ; thyrse terminal, panicled ; calyx rather campanulate, bluntly 6-8-toothed. H . S. Native of South America, in shady places on Mount Quindiu. Melastoma setinodis, Bonpl. 790 MELASTOMACEiE. LXXVI. Miconia. mel. t. 2. Flowers white. Petals 6-8, oval. Anthers blunt, opening by 1 pore at the apex, which is common to the 2 cells. Bristle-knotted Wiconia. Shrub C feet. 5 M. cilia' TA (D. C. 1. c.) branchlets nearly terete, gla- brous ; leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, serrated, ciliated with bristles, glabrous on both surfaces, 3-nerved, be- sides the marginal nervules ; thyrse terminal, somewhat spicate ; flowers crowded in whorls, the whorls distant. (; . S. Native of French Guiana, in woods. Melastoma ciliata. Rich, in act, soc. hist. nat. par. 1791. p. 109. and in Bonpl- mel. t. 26. M, purpurascens, Vahl. ex Rich. Flowers purple. Ciliated-leaved Miconia. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 6 M. pilea'ta (D. C. prod. 3. p. 180.) branches tetragonal, and are as well as the petioles and leaves more or less hispid, and ciliated from long stift' bristles ; thyrse somewhat spicate, terminal ; flowers almost sessile, disposed in crowded whorls ; whorls distant. h . S. Native of Brazil, in woods. Melas- toma ciliatum and pileatum, Schrank et Mart. mss. A very variable species, sometimes nearly glabrous, and sometimes very hispid. Flowers always glabrous. Seeds ovoid. Nearly allied to M. congestiflora. Bracteas in both ciliated, with bris- tles at the apex. Cap Miconia. Shrub 6 feet. 7 M. Wydleria'na (D. C. in herb. Wydler. no. 225. mem. mel. p. 77.) branches bluntly tetragonal, but at length becom- ing terete, glabrous, but when young as well as the panicles somewhat tubercularly scabrous from rufous hairs ; leaves almost sessile, oval, acuminated, obtuse at the base, and some- what cordate, quite glabrous above, but dotted from tubercular rufous down beneath ; thyrse panicled, terminal ; flowers almost sessile, in crowded whorls. Ij . S. Native of Porto Rico, in the woods. Fruit globose, black. Wydler's Miconia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 8 M. CONGESTIFLORA (D. C. 1. c.) brauchlcts tetragonal, and are as well as the panicles and petioles quite glabrous ; leaves petiolate, oblong, 5-nerved, glabrous on both surfaces, ciliated with long, stiff' hairs ; thyrse spicate, terminal; flowers crowded, in distant, many-flowered, opposite bundles. \i . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes. Melast. sessiliflorum. Mart. herb, but not of Vahl. Calyx hemispherical, with 5 broad, small, permanent lobes. Petals obovate, emarginate. Anthers oblong, opening by 1 pore. Style filiform. Ovarium many-celled. Seeds angular. Crowded-Jldwered Miconia. Shrub 6 feet. 9 M. brachy'i'Oda (D. C. 1. c.) branches bluntly quadran- gular, glabrous, villous, and bristly at the knots ; petioles short, villous at the apex ; leaves oval, attenuated at the base, acute, serratcly ciliated, 3-nerved, besides the lateral nervules, pilose on the nerves on both surfaces, and beset with scattered dots of stellate down above ; thyrse terminal, spicate, rather con- tinuous. T; . S. Native of St. Domingo. Melastoma cro- ceum, from Hispaniola, Sprcng. syst. 2. p. 302. exclusive of the synonyms, and the country Peru. Leaves yellowish on the under surface. Short-jjetioled Miconia. Shrub 6 feet. 10 M. rufe'scens (D. C. 1. c.) branchlets bluntly tetragonal, densely clothed with pili ; leaves almost sessile, cordate at the base, ovate, crenulated, scabrous, rather tomentose, 5-nerved ; thyrse spicate, terminal, densely clothed with pili ; flowers crowded in something like whorls ; the whorls distant. Ij . S. Native of Guiana, in fields. Melastoma rufescens, Aubl. guian. t. 157. Perhaps belonging to a different section. Rufescent Miconia. Shrub 6 to 9 feet. Sect. II. Eriosph^^ra (from tptor, erion, wool, and afaipa, sphaira, a sphere ; in reference to the flower-bud being globose. as well as being clothed with tomentum). D. C. prod. 3. p. 180. Hypoxanthus, Rich. herb. Flower-bud globose, tomen- tose. Tube of calyx nearly globose ; limb very short. Berry globose. Leaves discoloured, glabrous above and tomentose beneath. Panicle terminal, hoary, with opposite branches, and having the flowers sessile and disposed in a secund manner along the branches, rarely crowded at the tops of the branches, or along a nearly sim])le rachis. 11 M. fu'lva (D. C. 1. c.) branches tetragonal, and are as well as the petioles, panicles, and under side of leaves clothed with whitish, rufescent, adpressed, rather stellate, lepidotted down ; leaves opposite, or 3-4 in a whorl, elongated, hardly petiolate, attenuated at the base, and terminating in a long slender acumen at the apex, 3-nerved, glabrous above, with the margins bluntly and repandly crenated ; panicle terminal, with its branches opposite or in whorls ; rachis tetragonal. Pj . S. Native of Cayenne. Melastoma chrysophylla. Rich, in act. soc. hist. nat. par. 1792. p. 109. but not of Desr. Melastoma fiilva. Rich, in Bonpl. mel. t. 11. Flower-buds small and globose. Leaves 7-8 inches long and an inch broad. Flowers white. Far. ft, tinctbria (Mart. herb, ex D. C. 1. c.) branchlets some- what 2-edged, and are as well as the petioles and under side of leaves clothed with whitish, rufescent, rather stellate, lepidotted, adpressed down ; leaves opposite or 3 in a whorl, on short petioles, oblong, tapering to the base, and acuminated at the apex, rather repand, glabrous above in the adult state, 3-nerved, besides the 2 marginal nervules. \i . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers and fruit unknown. Allied to var. a, but differs in the leaves being much less crenated, and in the branchlets being 2- edged, not tetragonal. Fulvous Miconia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 12 M. LEPiDoTA (D. C. 1. c.) branchlets rather compressed, but at length becoming terete, and are as well as the petioles, panicles, and under side of leaves clothed with rather stellate, small, somewhat rufescent, lepidotted down ; leaves petiolate, oval, acuminated, quite entire, 3-nerved, quite glabrous above ; panicle many-flowered, terminal, rather loose. I7 . S. Native of Brazil, at Para and the Rio Negro, in woods. Melastoma lepidotum, Schrank et Mart. mss. Leaves not truly lepidotted, but discoloured from almost imperceptible down. Fruit hardly the size of a large mustard-seed. Teeth of calyx obtuse, very short. Seeds angular. Flowers not seen. Lepidotted Miconia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 13 M. argyrophy'lla (D. C. prod. 3. p. 181.) branches acutely tetragonal, and are as well as the petioles, panicles, and leaves clothed with white stellate down beneath ; leaves petio- late, oval, acuminated, quite entire, glabrous above, 3-nerved, besides the marginal nervules ; panicle terminal, raceme-formed ; fruit globose, somewhat 10-ribbed. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, at the river Amazon. Melastoma argyrophylla, Schrank et Mart. mss. Teeth of calyx 5, short, acute. Seeds 3-sided, smooth. Flowers unknown. Silver-leaved Miconia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 14 M. fa'llax (D. C. 1. c.) branches tetragonal, and are as well as the panicles and under side of leaves clothed with white stellate tomentum ; leaves hardly petiolate, oblong, acuminated, coriaceous, quite entire, somewhat 5-nerved, obtuse and some- what cordate at the base, glabrous and shining above ; panicle terminal, elongated, having the flowers sessile and crowded on its branches. Tj , S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia, in woods at the river Peruagua. Habit almost of M. holosericea, but difl^ers in the petioles being shorter, and in the leaves being destitute of dots on the upper surface Fallacious Miconia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 15 M. stenosta'chya (D. C. 1. c.) branches tetragonal, and are as well as the petioles and under side of leaves clothed with 1 MELASTOMACEiE. LXXVI. Miconia. 791 white stellate down ; leaves petiolate, oval, acuniinatetl, obtuse at the base, glabrous above, quite entire, 7-nerved, and mar- gined witli a slender nerve ; panicle terminal, rather spike- formed ; having the flowers sessile alont; its branches. ^ . S. Native of the interior of Brazil. Melastonia stenostachyum, Schrank et Mart. mss. This species comes very near M. holo- sericea in the flower-bud, but differs in the nerves of the leaves being 7, not 5, nor glandular on the upper surface. Slender-spiked Miconia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. IC M. FERKUciNATA (D. C. 1. c.) slirubby ; branchlets thick, angular, and are as well as the panicles, petioles, and under side of leaves, densely clothed with stellate rather rufescent down ; leaves petiolate, oblong, bluntish at both ends, coriaceous, quite entire, 5-nerved, glabrous on the ujiper surface ; panicle ter- minal, elongated ; flowers crowded on the short branches of the panicle ; bracteas linear. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Minas Geraes and Pernambucco. Melastoma fer- rugineum, Schrank et Mart. mss. Leaves when young clothed with stellate velvety down. Calyx rather truncate, with an ob- scurely 10-ribbed tube. Petals small, white. Fruit almost globose. Petioles rather angular. Far. ft, lalifdlia (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oval-oblong, acutish. )j . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes. Melastoma Pluken^tii, Schrank et Mart. mss. Busty Miconia. Shrub G feet. 17 M. HERrETicA (D. C. 1. c.) branches terete, and are as well as tlie petioles, panicles, and under side of leaves, as well as on the upper side of young leaves, densely clothed with stel- late, rather rufescent, soft down ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acu- minated, entire, 5-nerved, or almost quintuple-nerved ; panicle terminal, spike-formed : having the flowers crowded on its short branches. Jj . S. Native of Brazil, in mountain fields in the provinces of St. Paul and Minas Geraes. Melast. herpeticum, Schrank et Mart. mss. Nearly allied to M. detergibilis, but certainly distinct. Style longer than the stamens, not shorter as in M. fiolosericea. Herpetic Miconia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 18 M. DETERGiBiLis (D. C. 1. c.) branches terete, and are as well as the panicles, under side of leaves, and upper side of the young leaves, densely clothed with soft, short, velvety tomentum ; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, somewhat acuminated, entire, obtuse at the base, 5-nerved, at length gla- brous above and minutely dotted ; panicle terminal : having the flowers sessile, and crowded along its branchlets, and axillary. h . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul, in ele- vated fields and woods. Melastoma detergibile, Schrank et Mart. mss. Berry violaceous. Perhaps only a variety of M. holosericea, but the flowers are crowded on the shorter as well as on the younger branches, not regularly disposed, as in that plant. Cleansing Miconia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 19 M. HOLOSERICEA (D. C. 1. c.) branches terete, and are as well as the petioles, panicles, calyxes and under side of leaves, as well as the upper side when young, densely clothed with soft, velvety tomentum ; leaves petiolate, oval-oblong, acute, obtuse and rather cordate at the base, 5-nerved, glabrous above but covered with very minute white dots ; panicle terminal : having the flowers sessile and disposed in a secund manner along its branches. Jj . S. Native of the West Indies, Guiana, and Brazil. Melastoma holosericea, Lin. spec. 560. but not of Swartz. Bonpl. mel. p. 52. tt. 23, 24. Melast. albicans, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 786. ex Smith. Flower-buds and fruit globose. Petals white. Anthers oblong, having their connectives thick ish and biauriculate at the base. Branches and leaves usually naked through the summer. Berry 3-4- celled, violaceous. Seeds cunoate, 3-sided. Var. a, obtusiuscula (D. C. 1. c. p. 182.) leaves ovate-oblong. J'ar. ft, acuminata (D. C. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-oblong, short- acuminated. Far. 7, oblongata (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong, long-acumin- ated, somewhat crenulately repand. Melastoma, Schrank et Mart. mss. In Brazil, in the province of Goyaz. JVhule-silky Miconia. Shrub 3 to C feet. 20 M. arge'ntea (D. C. prod. 3. p. 182.) branches angular, hoary; leaves petiolate, ovate, short-acuminated, somewhat den- ticulated, 5-nerved, quite glabrous above, but white from to- mentum beneath ; panicles terminal, spreading ; flowers very numerous, on short pedicels ; calyx acutely 5-toothed. fj . S. Native of the West Indies, on the Mosquito shore. Melastoma argentea, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 779. but not of Desr. — Sloane, jam. t. 190. f. 1. ex Swartz. Flowers white, decandrous. Berry subglobose. Silvery Miconia. Shrub 6 feet. 21 M. seria'lis (D. C. I. c.) branches terete, and are as well as the peduncles, outside of calyxes, under side of leaves, pe- tioles and nerves on the upper side clothed with soft, white, velvety tomentum ; leaves approximate, on short petioles, ob- long, acuminated at both ends, triple-nerved, quite glabrous, and shining above ; thyrse terminal, large, with its branches bifid, and bearing 1 flower in the bifurcation, the rest of the flowers sessile, and disposed in 1 series along the branches. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. A showy species. Lobes of calyx very blunt, glabrous inside. /io)i)-flowered Miconia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 22 M. piperica'rpa (D. C. 1. c.) branchlets from compressed to terete, and are as well as the petioles, panicles, and under side of leaves clothed with small, white, velvety, stellate down ; leaves petiolate, oblong, acuminated, quite entire, triple-nerved, glabrous above ; racemes simple, terminal ; bracteas setaceous, under the pedicels. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in woods. Gal- lasia pipericarpa. Mart. herb. Fruit globose, hardly so large as a grain of pepper, a little ribbed. Limb of calyx wanting. Seeds 2-3, smooth, large, obtuse at one end and angular at the other, with a black hylum. Pepper-fruited Miconia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 23 M. iielli'na (D. C. 1. c.) branches nearly terete, and are as well as the rachis and petioles densely clothed with rufous, scaly, branched down ; leaves petiolate, oblong, acuminated, attenuated at the base, 3-5-nerved, serrated on the upper part, densely clothed with stellate tomentum beneath, hut at length glabrous above ; panicles terminal : having the flowers crowded on the branches ; lobes of calyx 5, short. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Minas Geraes and St. Paul, in humid parts of woods. Melastoma milllnum, Schrank et Mart. mss. Petioles 3 lines long. Leaves 3 inches long, and an inch broad. Nearly allied to M. herpitica. Honey Miconia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 24 M. bracteola'ta (D. C. 1. c.) branches somewhat tetra- gonal, and are, as well as the petioles, panicles, and young leaves on both surfaces, but in the adult ones only on the under, clothed with rufous stellate down ; leaves petiolate, oblong, acuminated, quite entire, 3-nerved, glabrous on the upper surface in the adult state ; thyrse spicate, crowded ; bracteas linear, much ex- ceeding the flower-bud. V; . S. Native of South America, between Loxa and Caxamarca. Calyx bluntly 5-tootlied. Pe- tals 5, white. Capsule glabrous, 3-celled. Melastoma brac- teolata, Bonpl. mel. t. 62. Bracteolate Miconia. Shrub 4 to 0 feet. 25 M. leucoca'rfa (D. C. I.e.) branches bluntly tetragonal, and are, as well as the panicles and under side of leaves, clothed with very short granular stellate down ; leaves almost sessile, broadly ovate, ol)tuse, coriaceous, quite entire, 5-nerved, gla- brous above ; panicle terminal, having the flowers sessile, and 792 MELASTOMACE^. LXXVI. Miconia. crowded along its branclilets. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the elevated plains of Champadada Paranan. Melastoma leucocar- pum, Mart, et Schrank, mss. Branches twisted. Berry white, globose. Seeds 3-sided, nearly globose. White-fruited Miconia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 26 M. ELATA (D. C. 1. c.) branches angularly furrowed, clothed with rusty tomentum ; leaves petiolate, oblong, acute, serrulately denticulated, 5-nerved, glabrous above, and of an ob- scure green, but clothed with rusty tomentum beneath ; flowers decandrous, panicled, crowded, sessile, small, white ; calyx rather campanulate, minutely toothed ; stigma thickened, depressed ; berry minute. Jj . S. Native of Jamaica, on the higher moun- tains, and others of the West India islands. Melastoma elata, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 781. Leaves from half a foot to a foot long. Tall Miconia. Tree 30 to 40 ft. 27 M. FERRUGiNEA (D. C. 1. c.) branches terete ; branchlets tetragonal, clothed with rusty tomentum ; leaves ovate, acute, obsoletely crenated, and somewhat ciliated, 3-nerved, glabrous above, but clothed with rusty tomentum beneath, as well as the petioles ; panicles terminal ; flowers small, pedicellate. I7 . S. Native of St. Domingo. Melastoma ferruginea, Desr. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 42. Leaves 3 inches long, and 15 lines broad. Corolla rather rose-coloured. Perhaps a variety of the preced- ing species. Ferruginous Miconia. Shrub 8 to 10 ft. 28 M. RUBiGiNosA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 183.) branchlets terete, and are, as well as the petioles and under side of leaves, densely clothed with rufous down ; leaves on short petioles, ovate-lan- ceolate, somewhat cordate at the base, acuminated at the apex, 5-nerved, or nearly triple-nerved, smoolliish and shining above ; thyrse terminal, panicled ; calyx globose, with 5 short acutish teeth. I7 . S. Native of South America, on Mount Quindiu. Melastoma rubiginosa, Bonpl. mel. t. 47. Berry blue, 3-celled. Petals 5, white. Anthers linear, opening by a pore. liusly Miconia. Shrub 12 feet. 29 M. cela'ta (D. C. 1. c.) branchlets terete, woolly ; leaves lanceolate, 3-nerved, and as if they were blistered on the upper surface and glabrous, clothed with rusty wool beneath ; flowers crowded, almost sessile ; calyx globose, with 5 short teeth, quite glabrous ; stamens length of corolla ; thyrse straight, longer than the stamens, crowned by a tliickish stigma ; berry globose, 4-celled. Tj . S. Native of South America, on the cold moun- tains of Saragura near Loxa. M. cselata, Bonpl. mel. t. 6. Flowers white. £?i^)-oierf-leaved Miconia. Shrub 10 feet. 30 M. biglomera'ta (D. C. 1. c.) branches terete, and are, as well as the petioles, rachis, and nerves of leaves, clothed with small rufous velvety stellate down ; leaves lanceolate, acute, 3- nerved, besides the marginal nervules, quite entire, reticulated beneath, and covered with rufous velvety down ; thyrse termi- nal ; flowers almost sessile, crowded in whorls ; two of the whorls distant. Ij . S. Native of South America, on Mount Duida, at the source of the Orinoco. Melastoma biglomerata, Bonpl. mel. t. 15. Calyx obovate, velvety, with 5 very blunt teeth. Petals 5, white, small. Berry crowned, 4-celled. Biglomeratc-HoviereA Miconia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 31 ]NL aplosta'chya (D. C. 1. c.) branches terete ; leaves lan- ceolate, quite entire, 3-ncrved, glabrous above, clothed with very fine rufous tomentum beneath ; spike terminal, very simple ; flowers sessile, decandrous ; petals obovate ; genitals equal in length to the corolla ; anthers rather falcate ; berry globose, 3- celled, crowned by the calyx. Ij . S. Native of South America, near the river Orinoco about Atures and Maypures. Leaves like these of Nerimn Oleander. Melastoma aplostachya, Bonpl. mel. t. 1. Flowers white. Simple-spiked Miconia. Shrub 4 feet. Sect. IIL Eumiconia (from eu, well or good, and Miconia ; this section contains what are supposed to be the genuine species of the genus). D. C. prod. 3. p. 183. Tube of calyx obovate or turbinate, not globose as in the last section. Flowers not disposed in rows along the branches of the panicle. * Leaves sessile, 5-7-nerved. 32 M. impetiola'ris (D. Don, in wern. soc. mem. 4. p. 315.) branches nearly terete, and are, as well as the panicles and under side of leaves, clothed with rufous stellate down ; leaves sessile, half stem-clasping, ovate, rather cordate at the base, acuminated at the apex, quite entire, 5-nerved, glabrous above ; thyrse panicled, terminal ; flowers sessile ; calyx globose, with 5 very short teeth. Ij . S. Native of the West Lidies, Guada- loupe, St. Domingo, Jamaica, &c. Melastoma impetiolaris, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 788. Rich, in Bonpl. mel. t. 29. Melast. macrophy'lla, Desr. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 44. Berry blue, glo- bose, 3-4-celled. Petals 5, white, orbicular. Anthers biauricu- late at the base of the connectives. Impetiolar -\eaved Miconia. Clt. 1822. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. 33 M. IMPETIGINOSA (D. C. I. c.) branches terete, and are, as well as the rachis, densely clothed with bristles, intermixed with stellate down ; leaves sessile, broadly ovate, acuminated, some- what crenulated, 5-nerved, scabrous from stellate down on both surfaces, netted, the veins elevated beneath, and impressed above ; spikes terminal; flowers sessile, bracteate, crowded in distant opposite fascicles, tj . S. Native of Brazil, at the Rio Negro. Melastoma impetiginosum. Mart. herb. Calyx very villous, with short lobes. Petals small, oval. Anthers long, opening by one pore, each with a slender biauriculate connective. Style filiform. Inflorescence that of Ledndra. Scahby Miconia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. * * Leaves cunealed at the base, almost sessile, triple-nerved. 34 M. TOMENTOSA (D. Don, 1. c.) branches terete, and are, as well as the panicles, calyxes, and under surface of leaves, densely clothed with rufous stellate down ; leaves sessile, oval, cuneated at the base, acuminated at the apex, quite entire, gla- brous on the upper surface except the nerves, 3-nerved a great way above the base, besides the subraarginal nervule ; panicle terminal, nearly cylindrical ; calyx ovate-urceolate, with 5 erect short permanent ovate lobes. I7 . S. Native of Guiana and Brazil, in woods. Melastoma tomentosa, Rich, in act. soc. hist, nat. par. p. 109. Bonpl. mel. t. 16. Melast. megalophy'llum. Mart. herb. Flowers white. Tomenlose Miconia. Tree 14 to 15 ft. 35 M. bru'nnea (D. C. prod. 3. p. 184.) branches bluntly somewhat tetragonal, and are, as well as the panicles and under surface of leaves, densely clothed with rather bristly short rufous down ; leaves almost sessile, ovate, rather cuneated at the base, acutish at the apex, glabrous on the upper surface in the adult state, 3-nerved above the base, besides the submarginal nervule ; panicle terminal, with its branches spreading ; calyx somewhat urceolate : with its lobes short, obtuse, and cohering. I; . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul, in woods. Melas- toma brunneum. Mart. herb. Flowers sessile, crowded along the branches. Anthers linear, opening by one pore, tapering to the base. Style filiform. The foliage is like that of M. tomentosa. Brown Miconia. Shrub 6 to 10 ft. 36 M. ala'ta (D.C. prod. 3. p. 184.) branches tetragonal, having the angles winged, and are, as well as the panicles, under side of leaves, and nerves on the upper surface, clothed with short stellate rather scabrous down ; leaves sessile, cuneated at MELASTOMACE^E. LXXVI. Miconia. 793 the base, oval, acute, pubcrulous above from sliort scattered simple down, triple-nerved ; nerves rising; from about the iifth part of the lenjtth ; panicle terminal, much branched ; branches opposite. Ij . S. Native of Guiana; and of Bra/.il, as in Ma- runham, provinces of St. I'aul and Hio Janeiro. Melastonia alata, Aui)l. guian. 1. p. tlO. t. 158. Clidemia alata, (i. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 1 7-i. Leaves large. Lobes of calyx short, blunt. Style long, fdiform. Fruit hardly baccate. Flowers white. Far. li, Amaxonka (Schrank, niss.) leaves broadly ovate, abruptly cuneated at the base. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, on the banks of the Amazon. Wingcd-stimmed Miconia. Shrub 3 to 4 ft. 37 SL cinciion.ef6i.ia (D. C. 1. c.) branches terete, and are, as well as the petioles, nerves of leaves, jiednnclcs, and calyxes, densely clothed with rufous stellate tomentose down ; leaves pe- tiolate, oval, quite entire, triple-nerved, glabrous above excejit on the nerves, but velvety beneath ; raceme terminal, simple; spicate ; tube of calyx oblong, a little longer than the J oblong lobes. fj . S. Native of Brazil, in dense woods in wet places at the river Tapura. Melastoma cinchonrefolium, ALart. herb. M. leucandrum, Schrank, mss. Leaves 8-10 inches long, and 2-3 broad. Anthers oblong, with hardly evident connectives. Peduncles usually bearing 3 approximate sessile flowers each. Style filiform, longer than the stamens. Petals linear, white. Seeds small, trigonal, with a linear hylum. Cinchona-leaved Miconia. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 38 JL spondyl.v'ntha (D. C. 1. c.) branches terete, and are, as well as the petioles, covered with adpressed villi ; leaves on short petioles, broad-lanceolate, cuneated at the base, acumi- nated, villous beneath, but only on the nerves on the upper sur- face, the rest being beset with scattered pili, quite entire, quin- tuple-nerved, with the nerves distant ; thyrse racemose, termi- nal, nearly simple ; peduncles short, very hairy, 3-flowered ; tube of calyx globose, bluntly 10-ribbed. Jj . S. Native of Brazil, on the edges of woods, at Ega and Coari ; and of French Guiana. Melastonia spondyhinthum. Mart. herb. Leaves 9- 10 inches long. Flowers unknown. Fruit the size of a corian- der seed. Seeds numerous, small, trigonal, with a linear hylum. Club-Jlorvered Miconia. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 39 M. DISCOLOR (D. C. 1. c.) branchlets compressed, at length terete, when young, as well as on the under side of leaves, beset with silvery scale-like dots ; leaves oval-oblong, cuneated, ses- sile, quintuple-nerved, quite entire, glabrous above ; thyrse ter- minal, lepidotted when in a young state, but glabrous in the adult state, as well as the calyxes ; fruit ovate, a little striated. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, near Rio Janeiro. This species ap- pears to be intermediate between the second and third sections of the genus, agreeing in the silvery down with M. argijrvji/i'jlla, and in the form of the leaves with M. tomentusa. T7Vo-coloured-\ea\'ei\ Miconia. Shrub 1- to C ft. 40 AL puncta'ta (D. Don, in soc. wern. mem. 4. p. 315.) branches tetragonal, and are, as well as the ])eduncles, petioles, and under side of leaves, clothed with small rufous purplish down ; leaves on short petioles, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, quite entire, triple-nerved, glabrous above, but rusty and dotted beneath ; thyrse terminal, paniclcd ; calyx globose, usually 5-toothed. h . S. Native of the West Indies, in moun- tain woods. Melastoma punctata, Desr. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 50. Rich, in Bonpl. mel. t*40. Berry 3-celled, few-seeded. Petals 5, white, rather orbicular. Dolled Miconia. Shrub 4 to 8 ft. * • • Leaves on short petioles, disposed in whorls. 41 M. LONGIFOLIA (D. C. 1. c.) branchlets 8-ribbed, but at length becoming terete, and when young, as well as the petioles and peduncles, covered with rather scabrous stellate down ; leaves on short petioles, oblong, attenuated at both ends, almost triple-nerved, glabrous above, but covered with small dot-like down beneath ; ))anicle terminal, branching, immediately above the ultimate whorl of leaves ; its branches angular, also disposed in whorls ; calyx rather scabrous from stellate down, with 5 very short teeth. t; . S. . Native of Cayenne, on the banks of rivu- lets ; and of Brazil, in woods at the river .St. Francisco. Melas- tonia longifolia, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 4S2. t. 170. Flo-.vers white. Long-leaved Mkoma. Clt. 1817. Shrub 4 to fi ft. 4'3 AL Lambertia\a (D. C. prod. 3. p. 185.) branchlets 8-ribbed, and arc, as well as the petioles and peduncles, rather scabrous from scattered stellate down, but at length becoming terete and glabrous ; leaves on short petioles, oblong, attenuated at both ends, quite entire, 3-nerved, glabrous above, beset with dots of stellate down beneath; panicle terminal, pedunculate, much branched, with its axis tetragonal, and its branchlets an- gular and in whorls ; calyx scabrous from stellate down, with 5 short hardly evident teeth. H . S. Native of the Island of St. Vincent. Anthers linear, biaiiriculate at the base, and opening by one pore at the apex. Style filil'orm. Fruit unknown. This species differs from il/. longifolia in there being an in- terval between the ultimate whorls of leaves, and the branches of the panicle, and in the flowers being smaller. Lambert's Miconia. Shrub 4 to G ft. * * * * Leaves petiolale, opposite, S-5-ncrved. 43 M. calve'scens (D. C. 1. c.) branches nearly terete, and are, as well as the petioles, panicles, and calyxes, white from sliort crowded stellate down, which at length falls off; leaves petiolate, oval, abruptly and shortly acuminated, crenated, ob- tuse at the base, triple-nerved, besides the marginal nervules, having the nerves rising near the base ; when young velvety, but glabrous in the adult state except the nerves ; panicle terminal, dense, many-flowered, having the flowers crowded on its branch- lets. I^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro. Melastoma calvescens, Schrank et Mart. mss. Allied to Af, auriculuta. Naked Miconia. Shrub 4 to G ft. 44 M. ERioDONTA (D. C. 1. c.) brauchlets bluntly tetragonal, and are, as well as the petioles and panicles, clothed with short rather rufescent hoary tomentose down ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse at the base, short-acuminated at the ape.x, quite entire, 3-nerved, besides the two marginal nervules, quite glabrous above, rather purplish on the nerves beneath ; thyrse terminal, rather racemose, with its branchlets bearing 5 or (i flowers at the apex ; fruit globose, 5-furrowed, pubescent ; teeth of calyx 5, short, woolly, conniving above the ovarium. Ij . S. Native of Cayenne. Fruit the size of a small pea, probably dry. Seeds angular, with a linear hylum. I'ar. ji, ohlongifblia (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong, h . S. Na- tive of Cayenne. Hairy-toolhed-ca\yy.etl Miconia. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. 45 M. auricula'ta (D. C. 1. c.) branches terete, and are, as well as the panicles, clothed with rufous stellate down, inter- mixed with bristles ; leaves on short petioles, cuneated at the base, curled, oval-oblong, acuminated, ciliately serrated, sca- brous on both surfaces from down, which is for the most part simple, quintuple-nerved, besides the subniarginal nervules, hav- ing the up])cr nerves rising a little above the base ; panicles ter- minal, having the flowers crowded on the tops of its branches. h . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul. Melas- toma auriciilatum. Mart. herb. Calyx hairy, with 5 short blunt lobes. Petals obovate. Anthers linear, bluntly auricled at the base, opening by one pore at the apex. Style filiform, exserted, 5 I 794, MELASTOMACE.E. LXXVI. Miconia. rather dilated at the apex, ahnost funnel-shaped. Leaves 4 inches long, and li or 2 broad. J'ar. ft, theceformis (D. C. 1. c.) leaves paler beneath : branches less hairy. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province ofBahia. Melastoma theaeforme, Schrank et Mart. mss. Leaves a little smaller than those of the species, but similar in form, the branches and panicles less hispid, but more tomentose, without being intermixed by bristles. Auricled-anthered Miconia. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. 46 M. sepia'ria (D. C. 1. c.) branches from compressed to terete, and are, as well as the panicles, whitish from small down, but at length becoming glabrous ; leaves hardly petiolate, oval, tapering much to both ends, quintuple-nerved, almost quite en- tire, glabrous on both surfaces, but with the base of the nerves rather velvety ; panicle terminal, oppositely branched ; bracteas small ; calyx covered with scattered stellate down, with 5 very short teeth. Pj , S. Native of Brazil, in hedges. Melastoma sepiarium. Mart. herb. Anthers biauriculate at the base, open- ing by a pore at the apex. Hedge Miconia. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. 47 M. coLLiNA (D. C. 1. c.) quite glabrous ; branchlets rather furrowed, but at length becoming terete ; leaves oval, attenuated at the base, acuminated at the apex, triple-nerved, besides the two marginal nervules, with repand margins ; panicle terminal, oppositely branched; bracteas small; teeth of calyx 5, obtuse, hardly evident. fj • S. Native about Porto Rico, in woods on the hills. Petals obovate, small, apparently yellow, spotted with red in the dried state. Anthers linear, opening by one pore, biauriculate at the base. Stigma hardly dilated. Melastoma acuminata, Balb. herb. Melast. parviflora, Vahl. herb. Hill Miconia. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. 4S M. Martiusia'na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 186.) glabrous; branches from tetragonal to terete ; leaves petiolate, ovate-lan- ceolate, acute, coriaceous, quite entire, 3-nerved, besides the marginal nervules, shining above ; panicle terminal : with its branchlets opposite and bearing many flowers at their tops, and knotted at their origin ; calycine teeth 5, obtuse, very short. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Melastoma Martianum, Schrank, mss. Petals obovate, reflexed. Anthers linear, biauriculate at the base, and opening by one pore at the apex. Style filiform. Stigma hardly dilated. Fruit unknown. Marl'ms's Miconia. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. 49 M. Maximilia'na (D. C. 1. c.) branches from compressed to terete, and are, as well as the petioles and peduncles, covered with short stellate down, intermixed with a few bristles, but at length becoming glabrous ; leaves on short petioles, oval-aca- minated, serrulately ciliated, quintuple-nerved, rather bristly on both surfaces, and pale beneath ; panicle terminal. fj . S. Na- tive of Brazil. Melastoma Maximilianum, Mart. herb. Calyx beset with scattered stellate down, with 5 broad very short teeth. Petals obovate, yellow when dry. Stigma dilated, rather pilose. Anthers linear, biauriculate at the base, and opening by one pore at the apex. Prince ISIaximil'ian's Miconia. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. 50 J\L Loxe'nsis (D. C. 1. c.) branches nearly terete, and are, as well as the petioles, peduncles, and nerves of leaves on the under surface, clothed with thick flocky curled down ; leaves petiolate, oval, hardly obtuse at the base, short-acuminated at the apex, setaceously denticulated, 3-nerved, smootliish beneath except on the nerves ; thyrse panicled, terminal, crowded ; calyx almost globose, bluntly and shortly 5-toothed. fj . S. Native of Peru, in temperate places about Loxa. Melastoma Loxensis, Bonpl. mel. t. 43. Berry blue, 3-celled. Style nearly clavate. Petals 5, roundish, white. Loxa Miconia. Shrub 5 ft. 51 M. urophy'lla (D. C. 1. c.) branches terete, and are, as 1 well as the petioles, clothed with powdery tomentum ; leaves petiolate, oblong, quite entire, triple-nerved, clothed with velvety tomentum beneath, but glabrous above, each terminating in a long narrow taper-point ; panicle terminal, many-flowered ; tube of calyx globose, 10-ribbed; the limb deciduous; fruit dry, 3- celled, few-seeded. ^. S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Minas Geraes and St. Paul. Rhexia caudata, Schrank et Mart. mss. Flowers unknown. Pericarp very thin, and per- haps adnate to the calyx. Seeds about 15, shining, triangular, with a long linear black hylura. Tail-leaved Miconia. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 52 M. PAu'ciDENs (D. C. 1. c.) branchlets terete, and are, as well as the petioles, nerves of leaves on the under side, pedun- cles, and calyxes, rather velvety, or dotted from scattered small stellate down ; leaves oblong, attenuated at the base, acuminated at the apex, with a very few teeth on the margin, smoothish, 3-nerved; thyrse panicled, terminal ; fruit globose, bluntly 10- ribbed. Tj . S. Native of Para, in Brazil. Melastoma pauci- dens, Schrank et Mart. herb. The serratures are few, and acute at the apex of the leaves. Fen'-toothed-\ea.\eA Miconia. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. 53 M. caudi'gera (D. C. 1. c.) branchlets rather compressed, and are, as well as the petioles, panicles, and under side of leaves, velvety from very minute stellate down ; leaves petiolate, oval, 3-nerved, quite entire, glabrous above, each terminating in a long narrow taper-point ; panicles terminal, short, having the flowers crowded on its branchlets. fp . S. Native of Brazil, in shady places in the province of Baliia, near Sincora. Melas- toma caudatum, Schrank et Mart. mss. Petals oval-oblong, white. Nearly allied to M. caudatum, but differs in the leaves being nearly twice the breadth, and in being smooth above. Tail-hearing-\eei\ed. Miconia. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. 54 M. Guayaquile'nsis (D. Don, in mem. soc. wern. 4. p. 315.) branchlets from tetragonal to terete, and are, as well as the petioles and calyxes, clothed with purplish rather powdery down ; leaves on short petioles, oval, bluntly somewhat cordate at the base, acute at the apex, 5-nerved, a little toothed, gla- brous ; thyrse terminal, panicled ; flowers tern, rather aggre- gate, nearly sessile ; calyx bluntly 5-toothed. \^ . S. Native about Guayaquil. Melastoma Guayaquilensis, Bonpl. mel. t. 49. Petals 5, oval, white. Anthers bluntly biauriculate at the base. Leaves half a foot long. Berry 3-celled, crowned by the limb of the calyx. Guayaquil Miconia. Shrub 8 to 10 ft. 55 M. attenua'ta (D. C. 1. c.) branchlets bluntly tetragonal, and are, as well as the peduncles and petioles, smoothish ; leaves on short petioles, oval-oblong, attenuated at both ends, triple- nerved, besides the 2 fine marginal nervules, quite entire, gla- brous on both surfaces ; thyrse panicled, terminal, with its branchlets spreading ; calyx rather velvety ; limb with 5 very short teeth. Tj . S. Native of Cayenne. M. parviflora, Aubl. guian. t. 171. ? but the flowers are one-half smaller in the figure than in the specimen. Flowers white. Var. ft, siibquintujylinervia (D.C. 1. c.) leaves almost quintuple- nerved ; the nerves are more distinct, especially the 2 marginal ones. 1; • S. Native of Berbice. Berry small, globose, bluntly costate ; calyx almost truncate, hardly 5-toothed. Attcnuated-XeaveA Miconia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 56 ]\L cavda'ta (D. C. prod. 3. p. 187.) branches tetra- gonal, and are, as well as the panicles, hardly velvety, even when examined through a lens ; leaves petiolate, ovate, long-acumi- nated, quite entire, 5-nerved ; the outer nerves almost marginal, glabrous above, but clothed with adpressed rusty velvety down beneath ; panicle terminal, divaricately and oppositely branched ; bracteoles small, deciduous. T^ . S. Native of New Granada, between Mariquita and St. Anna. Melastoma caudata, Bonpl. MELASTOMACE/E. LXXVI. Miconia. (95 mel. t. 7. Calyx bluntly 5-lol)cd. x\mliers long, falcate. Style hairy at tlie base ; stigma hardly tumid. Flowers rose-colourid. Dittbrcnt from Cliitonia caudata, D. Don. 2'«(7t'rf-leaved Miconia. Siirub 6 to 12 ft. 57 M. stami'nea (D. C. 1. c.) branches compressedly tetra- gonal, and are, as well as the panicles and yoiuig leaves, velvety from short stellate down, but at length becoming glabrous from the down falling oft"; leaves petiolatc, obtuse at the base, oval, acutish, quite entire, o-ncrved, besides the submarginal ner- vules ; branches of the panicle, which is terminal, opposite, 7-0- flowered ; bracteas oblong-linear, shorter than the calyx ; petals oblong, glabrous ; stigma dot-formed. Tj . S. Native of Bra- zil, in the province of Rio Janeiro, in woods on the mountains. Melastoma staminea, Desr. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 53. Melastoma glabrescens, Schrank et Mart. mss. Calyx tubular, velvety, with a 5-toothed limb ; teeth ovate, acutish. Anthers biauriculate at the base. I ar. /3, oblongata (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oval-oblong. I7 . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia. Louii-stamencd Miconia. Shrub 4 to G ft. 5S M. AFFiNis (D. C. 1. c.) branches bluntly tetragonal, and are, as well as the petioles and panicles, rather canescent from almost imperceptible stellate down ; leaves oval, obtuse at the base, short-acuminated at the apex, 5-nerved, quite entire, or hardly repand, glabrous above, but beset with scurf on the nerves beneath, and with dot-like down between the nerves ; thyrse panicled, terminal, with spreading branches ; limb of calyx very short, 5-toothed. T? . S. Native of Cayenne. This species is difficidt to distinguish from i\/. sUiminea, but differs from it, besides the characters given, in tlie flowers being one- half smaller, in the limb of the calyx being drawn out less, in the petals being oblong and obtuse, and in the fruit being without ribs, and tapering a little to the apex. Allied Miconia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 59 M. subcilia'ta (D. C. I.e.) branches bluntly tetragonal, and are, as well as the panicles and leaves, glabrous, or when young covered with rather flocky deciduous down ; leaves on long petioles, oval, acuminated, obtuse at the base, 5-nerved, with the margins furnished with a few distant crenulte and cili;e ; panicle oblong, terminal ; bracteas oblong, small, shorter than the calyx ; calyx somewhat obconical, shortly 5-tootlied ; petals oblong, rather velvety ; stigma dot-formed. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in woods along the banks of the Rio Negro. Melastoma laevigatum et M. procerum, Mart, et Schrank, mss. but not of Willd. Anthers linear. There is a circle of hairs round the peduncles at the base. Subciliated Miconia. Tr. 12 to 20 ft. CO M. corona'ta (D. C. l.'c.) branches acutely tetragonal, and are, as well as the panicles, petioles, and under side of leaves, clothed with powdery down ; leaves petiolate, broad-oval, quin- tuple or septuple-nerved, quite entire, terminating eacli in a short acumen ; panicle terminal, pyramidal ; bracteoles small, deciduous ; tube of calyx globose, crowned by a 5-toothed limb. fj . S. Native of South America, on jNIount Quindiu. Melastoma coronata, Bonpl. mel. t. 56. Petals 5, white, ob- long. Stigma rather peltate. Berry size of a small pea. CroK'ne^ Miconia. Tree 10 to 20 ft. fil M. PENDULiFOLiA (D. C. 1. c.) branchlcto terete, and are, as well as the petioles, panicles, and under side of leaves, rather velvety from powdery down ; leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, somewhat denticulated, pendulous, glabrous above ; panicle terminal, somewhat racemose ; bracteoles small, subulate ; calyx with 5 very short teeth, ij . S. Native of Guadaloiipe, in woods. Melastoma pendulifolia, Bonpl. mel. t. 35. Petals 5, white, obovate. Anthers linear. Stigma hardly thicker than the style. Ovarium a-celled. Pendulous-leaved Miconia. Shrub 4 to 8 ft. C2 M. Havane'nsis D. C. prod. 3. p. 188.) glabrous ; branch- lets terete ; leaves petiolate, oblong, acuminated, 3-nerved, quite entire, pendulous; panicle terminal, racemose ; bracteoles want- ing or very small, and deciduous; limb of calyx shortly and bluntly 5-tootlied ; petals 5, oblong. >j . S. Native of Cuba, about the Havanah. Very like M. 'penduiifoiw, but differs in the margins of the leaves being quite entire, in the petals being oblong, and in the smoothness of the whole plant. Flowers white. Antliers linear. Stigma hardly dilated. Havanah Miconia. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. C3 M. PYRAMIDA LIS (D. C. 1. c.) branchlets compressed, and are, as well as the petioles, panicles, and under side of leaves, but especially on the nerves, clothed with flocky scurfy down ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, 3-nerved, besides the 2 marginal nervules, somewhat denticulated ; thyrse panicled, ter- minal ; fruit bluntly ribbed, crowned by the calyx, which is somewhat repand and bluntly 5-toothed. Tj . S. Native of the West India Islands, Guadaloupe, Trinidad, Cuba, &c. Melas- toma pyraraidalis, Desr. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 53. Flowers vvhite. Perhaps the same as Melastoma acinodendron, Lin. spec. 558. ? — Pluk. aim. t. 159. f. 1. Var. j3, ciliolala (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ciliated at the base, toothed at the apex. Tj . S. Native of Porto Rico, Guada- loupe, and Trinidad. Melastoma Portoricense, Spreng. neue. entd. 3. p. GI. Var. y ? sphcerovarpa (D. C. 1. c.) leaves toothed, without ciliae ; fruit globose, crowned by the 5 lobes of the calyx, with- out any tube. Pj . S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco. Melastoma pyramidalis, Bonpl. mel. t. 21. Chitonia pyrami- dalis, G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 174. Perhaps a proper species. Pyramidal Wicon\2i. Clt. 1817. Shrub 4 to 8 ft. C4 M. nicotian/efolia (D. C. 1. c.) branchlets from com- pressed to terete, and are, as well as the petioles, panicles, and calyxes, clothed with powdery pruinose small down ; leaves pe- tiolate, oval, acuminated, denticulated, 5-nerved, glabrous in the adult state ; thyrse panicled, terminal ; limb of calyx bluntly 5-toothed, broader than the tube. 1^ . S. Native of St. Do- mingo. Melastoma nicotiancefolia, Desr. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 53. e.x herb. mus. par. Bracteoles 2, small, acute, under each . flower. Petals 5, oval, obtuse. Anthers linear, curved, obtuse, opening by a pore at the apex, and bluntly biauriculated at the base. Style filiform. Leaves 6 inches long, with the nerves yellow above. Perhaps the Melastoma acinodendron of Lin. Tobacco-leaved Miconia. Shrub. 65 M. floribu'nda (D. C. 1. c.) branches bluntly tetra- gonal, and are, as well as the petioles, nerves of leaves on the under surface, and calyxes, rather velvety from rusty powdery down ; leaves petiolate, oval, acutish at both ends, quite entire, septuple-nerved, glabrous above ; panicle terminal, much branched, loose ; bracteoles wanting or deciduous ; calyx with 5 short teeth. Pj . S. Native of Peru, on the mountains in temperate parts. Melastoma floribi'inda, Bonpl. mel. t. 53. Petals rose-coloured, oval, truncate at the base. Filaments be- set with glandular hairs at the apex. Antliers thick, Stigma broadly peltate. Berry 5-celled. From the anthers and the form of the stigma, this plant does not well accord with the other species of this genus. Bundk-foncrcd Miconia. Tree 20 to 30 ft. GG M. l.evigata (D. C. 1. c.) branchlets terete, and are, as well as the petioles and peduncles, rather velvety from short stellate down, but at length becoming glabrous ; leaves petio- late, oval, obtuse at the base, acuminated at the apex, ciliately serrated, 5-ncrved, glabrous on both surfaces ; cyme pani- cled, trichotomous at the base, terminal ; branches of cyme 5 I 2 796 MELASTOMACE^. LXXVI. Miconia. bifid ; flowers sessile, secund along the branches, and with a solitary one in each fork; calyx nearly globose, bluntly 10- ribbed, with 5 short obtuse bent in lobes. F; . S. Native of the West Indies. Melastoma laevigata, Desr. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 52. Flower-bud small, nearly globose, velvety. Capside glo- bose, 5-celled, umbilicate from the calyx, and adhering to it. Seeds ovate, shining, with a basilar black hylum. Ker. bot, reg. t. 363. Flowers whitish. Smooth Miconia. Clt. 1815. Shrub 6 to 8 ft. 67 M. TRicHOTOMA (Desr. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 53.) branchlets nearly terete, and are, as well as the petioles and panicles while young, rather velvety from short down, but at length becoming glabrous ; leaves petiolate, broadly oval, short-acuminated, 3-5- nerved, glabrous on both surfaces in the adult state ; panicle corymbose, trichotomous, many-flowered, much branched; fruit globose, bluntly 10-ribbed. I^ . S. Native of Martinique. Melastoma trichotoma, Desr. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 53. Seeds ovate, angular, with a black hylum. A congener of M. Icevi- ^ala. Compare it with Melastoma nigricans, Vahl. eel. 3. p. 26. ex Ser. 7Vi(7io/omoi -^^^^^ ^ . ^ '*)0 ' "■".** of Guadaloupe and Cayenne, on ^ ' ^' ■'^'' the higher mountains, in sphag- nous places. Melastoma coc- cinea. Rich, in act. soc. hist, nat. par. 109. and in Bonpl. mel. t. 44. Melast. alpina, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 800. The dots on the lower surface of leaves are the cicatrices, oc- casioned by the falling off' of the tufts of stellate down. Calyx dotted from flocky down when young, but quite glabrous in the adult state. Flowers scarlet. 5'c«r/c/-flowered Charianthus. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 2 C. glabe'rri.mvs (D. C. prod. 3. p. 196.) shrubby, quite glabrous in every part ; branchlets bluntly tetragonal ; leaves oval, acuminated, quite entire, 5-nerved, dotless. Ij . S. Na- tive of Martinique, Trinidad, and Guadaloupe. Melastoma corymbosa, Vahl. eel. 3. p. 25. Melast. Berterianura, Spreng. in herb. Balb. Chenanthera mucronata. Rich. herb. Chari- anthus Berteroanus, Ser. mss. Perhaps only a smooth variety of the preceding species, but the leaves are longer. Flowers purplish red. Quite-glabrous Charianthus. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 3 C. TiNiFOLius (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves ovate, coriaceous, ob- tuse, short-acuminated, 5-nerved, quite entire, glabrous on both surfaces, as well as on the branches. Ij . S. Native of the West India Islands. Flowers blood-coloured. Lateral nerves of leaves almost obsolete. Laurcstinus-leavcd Charianthus. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 4 C. purpu'reus (D. Don, 1. c.) branches and petioles hispid from bristles ; leaves oval, short-acuminated, cordate at the base, quite entire, 5-nerved, pilose beneath and on the margins. Ij . S. Native of the Island of Montserrat. Melastoma coccinea, Vahl. eel. 1. p. 48. icon. amer. t. 16. but not of Rich. Flowers purplish red. Pttryj/e- flowered Charianthus. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 5 C. cilia'tus (D. C. prod. 3. p. 197.) branches hispid from bristles ; leaves ovate, coriaceous, short-acuminated, glabrous on both surfaces, 5-nerved, serrated, with the serrature callous and ciliately toothed. Ij . .S. Native of Trinidad. Sieb. pi. trin. no. 279. Tetrazygos cili^tus. Rich. herb. Melastoma Dodandiana, Hamilt. prod. p. 37. Flowers purple. Ciliatcd-\e&\eA Charianthus. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. Cult. All the species of Charianthus are worth cultivating for their showy cymes or corymbs of purple or scarlet flowers. Their culture and propagation are the same as recommended for Blakea, see p. 801. LXXXII. CHiENOPLEU'RA (from x«t>''.., chaino, to open, and TrXtvpa, fleura, a side). Rich. herb, ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 197. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx adnate to the 5 K 802 MELASTOMACEiE. LXXXII. Ch^nopleura. LXXXIII. Ewyckia. LXXXIV. Astronia. ovarium ; limb bluntly 5-toothed. Petals 5, roundish. Sta- mens 10, hardly longer than the petals. Anthers opening lon- gitudinally by 2 chinks : having their connectives biauriculate at the base. Style clavate, crowned by an orbicular, somewhat umbilicate stigma. Berry ? 3-4-celled. Seeds unknown. — Glabrous shrubs, with the habit of tlie section Leosphte'TicB of Miconia. Leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse at the base, acuminated at the apex, denticulated from hair-formed, distant serratures, 3-nerved or almost triple-nerved. Thyrse terminal, elongated, having its branchlets opposite and almost racemose. Flowers from white to flesh-coloured. Bracteoles and segments of calyx ciliated. 1 C. sTENOBOTRYs (D. C. prod. 3. p. 197.). Tj . S. Native of Hispaniola, on the mountains, and probably of Jamaica. Melastoma stenobotrys, Ricli. in Bonpl. mel. t. 30. exclusive of the synonym of Swartz. Narrorv-racemed Chsenopleura. Sh. 4 to 6 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Melastoma, p. 764. LXXXIII. EWY'CKIA (dedicated by Dr. Blume to Van Ewyck, a patron of natural history). Blum, in bot. zeit. 1831. no. iiO. p. 524. Lin. syst. Ocldndria, Monogijnia. Tube of calyx hemis- pherical, adhering to tlie ovarium ; limb continuous with the lube, obsoletely -l-toothed. Petals 4, ovate, acute. Stamens 8, equal. Anthers oblong, obtuse at both ends, opening by a double chink, furnished beliind at the base with a fleshy con- nective. Style filiform ; stigma acute. Berry globose, crowned by tlie limb of the calyx, 4-celled. Seeds cuneated, angular. — A smooth shrub or small tree. Branches terete, but thick- ened at the knots. Leaves opposite, on short petioles, elliptic, acuminated at both ends, quite entire, 3-nerved. Racemules axillary, few-flowered ; pedicels bibracteate in the middle. Flowers small, blue. 1 E. cya'nea (Blume, 1. c. p. 524.). h . S. Native of Amboyna. Melastoma azureum. Zippel, ined. Bliiinc-fiowered Ewyckia. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation, see Blcikea, p. 801. LXXXIV. ASTRO'NIA (from auTpoy, astron, a star ; flowers and fruit). Blume, bijdr. p. 1080. bot. jeit. 1831. no. 30. p. 256. Lin. syst. Deca-Dodecdndria, Monogijnia. Tube of calyx hemispherical, adnate to the ovarium ; limb 5-6-toothed. Petals 5-6, obovate, obtuse. Stamens 10-12, equal. Anthers linear- oblong, opening by a double chink, inappendiculate, adnate to the thick, triangularly-compressed connectives. Style filiform ; stigma peltate. Capsule dry, 2-4-cclled, crowned by the limb of the calyx, opening irregularly lengthwise. Seeds straight, paleaceous, enwrapped in fine aril. — Glabrous trees. Branches tetragonal, beset with small, brownish scales or dots at the tops as well as on the petioles, peduncles, and calyxes. Leaves op- posite, on longish petioles, oblong, acuminated, quite entire, 3- nerved or triple-nerved, discoloured. Inflorescence panieled, terminal, and axillary. Flowers small, purplish, unisexual from abortion. 1 A. specta'bilis (Blum. 1. c.) leaves 3-nerved, oblong, acu- minated, obtuse at the base, thickly beset with rust-coloured scales or dots beneath. H . S. Native of Java, in woods on the higher mountains, where it is called Kikariendung. Showy Astronia. Tree. 2 A. tapeta^ria (Blum, in bot. zeit. 1. c.) leaves 3-nerved, oblong, acuminated, attenuated at the base, thickly beset with rufous dots beneath. I7 . S. Native of Amboyna. A. spec- tabilis, Zippel ined. Pharmticum papetarium, Rumph. amb. 4. p. 134. t. 69. Oebat papeba is the Malay name of the tree. Papetarui Astronia. Shrub. 3 A. macrophy'lla (Blum. 1. c.) leaves triple-nerved, beset with fugaceous scattered down beneath. Tj . S. Native of Java and the Moluccas. Far. ji, discolor ; leaves 3-nerved or obscurely triple-nerved. Java. Var. y, concolor (Blum, in bot. zeit. 1. c.) leaves nearly of the same colour on both 'surfaces, beset with very small dots be- neath and on the branchlets. ^ . S. A. concolor, Zippel, ined. Long-leaned Astronia. Tree. Cull. For culturq and propagation see Bldkea, p. 801. •f- The structure of the following Melastomnceous 'plants is not known, and therefore they are ranged here according to the names they have first received. § 1 . Plants referred by authors to Rhexia, from the fruit being capsular. * Flowers decandrous. 1 R. fu'lva (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 308.) shrubby ; branches dichotomous, pubescent ; leaves oblong, minute, almost nerve- less, beset with hispid bristles ; flowers decandrous, terminal, solitary ; calycine lobes subulate. I^ • S* Native of Brazil. Fulvous Rhexia. Shrub. 2 R. fascicula'ta (Spreng. neue. entd. 3. p. 62. et syst. 2. p. 308.) racemes rather dichotomous, terminal ; leaves linear- oblong, in fascicles, quite glabrous, nerveless, with 1 tooth on each side; corolla blood-coloured; calyx 10-striped, strigose. \l . S. Native of Brazil. Perhaps a species of Cambessedesia. FascicledAediveA Rhexia. PI. * * Flowers octandrous. 3 R. he'lvola (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 309.) suffruticose ; leaves crowded, sessile, oval, quite entire, nerved, beset with pale red, stiflT hairs or bristles on both surfaces ; peduncles axillary, cymose ; flowers octandrous ; calyxes very hispid. Jj . S. Na- tive of Brazil. Pale-rcd-\\a.\\edi Rhexia. Shrub. 4 R. TRicHOTOMA (Rottb. diss. pi. rar. 9. t. 5.) shrubby ; branches tetragonal ; angles hairy ; leaves sessile, lanceolate, hairy ; flowers sessile, axdlary, and terminal. Tj . S. Native of Surinam. Vaiil. symb. p. 48. Trichotomous Rhexia. Shrub. 5 R. strigosa (Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 309.) suf- fruticose ; leaves ovate, 3-nerved, strigose ; peduncles axillary, corymbose ; flowers octandrous ; calyxes hairy. I; . S. Native of Cayenne. Strigose Rhexia. Shrub. § 2 Plants referred by authors to Meldstoma, from their fruit being fleshy. * Flowers octandrous. 1 M. melanophy'lHTm (Spreng. neue. entd. 2. p. 171.) branches knotted, nearly terete, glabrous ; leaves ovate, acu- minated, quite glabrous on both surfaces, 3-nerved, quite entire, shining above ; panicles lateral ; flowers octandrous ; calyx with 4 minute teeth, covered with stellate scales. ^2 • S- Native of Brazil, Black-leaved Melastoma. Shrub. 2 M. se'ssile (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 303.) branches twiggy ; leaves half stem-clasping, roundish-cordate, acute, quite entire, obsoletely triple-nerved, beset with glandular villi on both sur- faces ; flowers almost sessile, axillary, octandrous. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Perhaps a species of Sagrce'a. Sessile-Rov/ered Melastoma. Shrub. 3 M. virga'tum (Swartz, prod. p. 72. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 816.) MELASTOMACEiE, 803 branches twiggy, tetragonal, glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, 3-nerved, entire ; flowers white, octandrous ; calyx 4-toothed, the teeth subulate ; petals oblong, longer than the calyx ; filaments jointed under the anthers ; stigma acute. H . S. Native of Jamaica, in woods on the mountains. Twiggy Melastoma. Shrub. 4 M. Matu BA (Spreng. neuc. cntd. 3. p. 61.) leaves ovate- oblong, 3-nerved, acuminated, glabrous, quite entire ; panicle terminal, with trichotomous, erect branches ; calyx terete, trun- cate. I: . S. Native of Guadaloupe and Antigua. Maluba Melastoma. Shrub. 5 M. micra'ntiium (Swartz, prod. p. 71. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 803.) branches twiggy, terete, glabrous ; leaves oblong, acumin- ated at both ends, glabrous, 3-nerved, denticulated, petiolate ; racemes axillary, reclinate towards the tops of the branches ; flowers white, octandrous ; calyx 4-toothed; petals 4, acumin-' ated, with a blood-coloured spot at the base of each ; berry S-sidcd, l-celled, white and pellucid at maturity. fj . S. Na- tive of Jamaica, on the mountains. Perhaps a species of Ossce'a. Small-Jidwered Melastoma. Shrub. 6 M. TRiFLORVM (Valil. eccl. fasc. 1. p. 46.) branches, pe- tioles, and calyxes strigose ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, quite entire, 3-nerved : flowers axillary, octandrous, somewhat pedun- culate, tern ; calyx turbinate, obscurely 4-toolhed ; petals ovate, exceeding the stamens. Tj . S. Native of the West Indies. Threc-Jloivered Melastoma. Shrub. 7 M. tripline'rvia (Link, et Otto. icon. pi. rar. hort. berol. t. 24.) stems branched ; leaves oval, bluntish, somewhat feather- nerved towards the apex, tapering into the petiole at the base ; hairs adpressed ; panicles terminal ; calyx with 4 acuminated lobes. I; . S. Native of Mexico, at Xalapa. Flowers white. Leaves, petals, and sepals ciliated. 7V(;:)/c-nf)rerf-leaved Melastoma. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1827. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 8 ]NL ecosta'tum (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 3. p. 46.) leaves ovate- lanceolate, acuminated, denticulated, without ribs, triple-nerved, pilose above, but smoothish beneath; corymbs terminal, tricho- tomous ; branchlets, peduncles, and calyxes clothed with pow- dery tomentum ; flowers octandrous. Ij . S. Native of Ja- maica. Ribless Melastoma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 9 AL SALi'ciNUM (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 199.) branches terete, and are as well as the petioles, nerves of leaves, pedun- cles, and calyxes clothed with long, rufous, rather adpressed bristles ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, 3- nerved, with the margins revolute ; thyrse terminal ; lobes of calyx 4, narrow, acuminated. h . S. Native of Brazil. Per- haps a proper genus, belonging to Tribe MiconiccB. It is not a CUdimia, from the ovarium being glabrous at the apex : nor a Miconia, from the calyx being 4-cleft. t! illoivi/ Melastoma. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 10 M. pi'tTUM (Rudolph, in Schrad. neues. journ. vol. 2. pt. 2. p. 293.) branches nearly terete, smooth ; branchlets hoary ; leaves ovate, acuminated, obsoletely denticulated, 5-nerved, covered with strigae above, and reticulately tomentose beneath ; panicles terminal, divaricate; flowers octandrous; calyx 4- toothed ; petals oblong, purple, with undulated margins; anthers acuminated, h . S. Native of Jamaica, on the mountains. Painted Melastoma. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 11 M. crini'tum (Vahl. eel. fasc. S. p. 28.) branches terete, glabrous below, leafless at the apex, hispid from white pili ; leaves oval-oblong, denticulated, hispid on both surfaces; flowers octandrous ; tube of calyx short, tetragonal ; angles acutish, gibbous at the base ; calycine segments 4, awned beneath the apex ; genitals length of corolla. Ij . S. Native of Martinico, on the mountains. Perhaps a species of CUdemia. Hairy Melastoma. Shrub. * * Flowers decandrous. A. Species natives of the West Indies. 12 M. expa'nsum (Vahl. eclog. fasc. 3. p. 21.) branches terete, glabrous below ; leaves oblong-ovate, attenuated, seta- ceously denticulated, glabrous, 5-nervcd ; racemes compound, powdery ; flowers decandrous ; pedicels dichotomous ; calyx campanulate, obscurely striated, 5-toothed ; petals 5, linear- oblong, obtuse ; stamens longer than the corolla. I^ . S. Na- tive of the Island of Montserrat. Perhaps a species of il/ico«i«, allied to M. pyramidale. Expanded Melastoma. Shrub. 13 M. CAPiTA^TUM (Vahl. eclog. .anier. fasc. 1. p. 45.) branches tetragonal, compressed towards the apex ; leaves broad-lanceo- late, quite entire, obtuse at the b.ase, acuminated at the apex, 5-nerved, pilose, petiolate ; heads of flowers terminal, involu- crated ; bracteas membranous, lanceolate, pilose on the back, about the length of the calyx ; calyx glabrous, tubular, pilose at the base : having lanceolate, ciliated segments ; petals oblong, longer than the calyx ; filaments with 2 appendages each : ova- rium elongated, beset with setaceous pili at the apex. Ij . S. Native of the West Indies. Perhaps a species of Chcetogaslra. Capitate-^oviereA Melastoma. Shrub. 14 M. NERVOSUM (Smith in Rees' cycl. vol. 23.) stem terete, bristly ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, crenated at the base and apex, 5-nerved, villous ; flowers in glomerated spikes. Ij . S. Native of Jamaica. Allied to Miconia alata according to Smith. Nerved-leayeA. Melastoma. Shrub. 15 M. sple'ndens (Swartz, prod. p. 70. fl. ind. occ. p. 789.) branches nearly terete, glabrous ; branchlets rusty ; leaves ob- long, acuminated, glabrous on both surfaces, 5-nerved, entire, shining above ; flowers in umbellate panicles, small, almost ses- sile ; calyx 5-toothed ; petals 5, ovate, white ; stigma capitate, depressed ; berry blue, minute. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica, in woods on the mountains. Plum, ed Burm. t. 140. ex Swartz. Perhaps a species of JMiconia. Splendent Melastoma. Shrub. 16 M. FAvosuM (Desr. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 47.) branchlets clothed with rufous rather scurfy tomentum ; leaves ovate, rather cordate, denticulated, 5-nerved, large, lacunose beneath, and with many angled tubercles above ; flowers corymbose, termi- nal; calyx rounded at the base, 10-angled, bluntly 5-toothed; petals red, longer than the calyx. I^ . S. Native of St. Do- mingo. Perhaps a species of CUdemia. PitledAeaved Melastoma. Shrub. 17 M. piluli'ferum (Vahl, eclog. fasc. 3. p. 15.) branches obscurely tetragonal, glabrous, spreading ; branchlets compres- sed, clothed with rufous powdery down ; leaves lanceolate-ellip- tic, quite entire, glabrous, petiolate; flowers spicate, decan- drous ; spikes bipartite, in a somewhat compound raceme ; brac- teas setaceous ; calyx 5-toothed, striated ; stamens longer than the corolla ; berries globose, twice the size of a mustard seed. h . S. Native of Martinico. Perhaps a species of Miconia. Pill-bearing Melastoma. Shrub. 18 M. trine'rvium (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 774.') quite gla- brous ; branches somewhat tetragonal ; leaves petiolate, oblong, attenuated at both ends, 3-nerved, without any marginal ner- vules ; thyrse terminal, loose, panicled ; racemules bipartite ; flowers crowded, sessile, decandrous. Tj . S. Native of Ja- maica, on the mountains. Calyx, petals, fruit, and genitals un- described. Three-nerved-leaxed Melastoma. Shrub. 19 M. vire'scens (Vahl, eclog. fasc. 3. p. 18.) branches .5 k 2 801 MELASTOMACE^. terete, greenish, glabrous, rather compressed above, and beset with rather powdery villi ; leaves obovate-lanceolate, denticu- lated, glabrous, smooth, 3-5-nerved ; spikes terminal, racemose, bipartite ; flowers secund, decandrous ; calyx somewhat cam- panulate, 5-toothed, powdery ; anthers linear, curved, furnished at the base on one side with a short brown auricle ; style length of stamens, but longer than the corolla; berry globose, about the size of a mustard seed. ^ . S. Native of the Island of Trinidad. Greenish Melastoma. Shrub small. 20 M. ri'gidum (Swartz, prod. p. 69. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 768.) shrub with very straight tetragonal branches, clothed with rusty scurfy down towards the apex ; leaves ovate, cordate, denticu- lated, petiolate, 3-nerved, stiff, rather membranous, glabrous, brittle ; racemes terminal, many-flowered, beset with rusty hairs ; flowers decandrous ; calyx ovate, hairy, 5-toothed ; teeth short, obtuse, stifl!"; petals ovate, white ; stamens longer than the corolla ; filaments keeled on the back ; style short, thick, striated ; stigma obtuse ; berries roundish, clothed with rusty farina. Ij . S. Native of Jamaica, on the highest mountains. ;5'Z{^ Melastoma. Shrub. 21 M. CHRisTonioRiA'NUM (Hamilt. prod. fl. ind. occ. p. 37.) stems bushy, glabrous, erect ; leaves obovate, acute, quite en- tire, green above and white beneath, triple-nerved ; flowers de- candrous, panicled, terminal ; peduncles rather trichotomous. Tj . S. Native of the Island of St. Christopher. Flowers small, red. St. Christopher Melastoma. Shrub. 22 M. SESSILIFLOUUM (Lin. spec. 558.) leaves oblong-spatu- late, sessile, entire, 3-nerved, tomentose beneath ; fascicles of flowers scattered. Ij . S. Native of Jamaica. — Pluk. phyt. t. 249. f. 2. Sessile-flowered Melastoma. Shrub small. 23 M. brachia'tum (Vahl, eclog. fasc. 3. p. 24.) branches smooth, terete ; branchlets compressed, clothed with rusty pow- dery down ; leaves elliptic, attenuated, denticulated, glabrous, 5-nerved ; nerves powdery beneath ; spikes bipartite, racemose, secund ; calyx about the size of a black pepper, sulcated, glo- bose when the fruit is ripe ; petals small, obovate ; flowers de- candrous, 'i^ ■ S. Native of Montserrat. Armed Melastoma. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 24 M. STRIATUM (Vahl, eclog. fasc. 3. p. 14.) branches gla- brous, powdery and compressed towards the top ; leaves ovate- oblong, attenuated, glabrous, toothed, 3-5-nerved ; racemes ter- minal, compound ; pedicels 3-flowered ; calyx glabrous, trun- cate or 3-lobed ; lobes rounded ; petals 5, wedge-shaped ; stamens length of the petals. Tj . S. Native of Montserrat. Striated Melastoma. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. B. Species natives of Guiana. 25 M. pleuroca'rpum (E. Meyer, in act. bonn. 12. p. 795.) branches terete, a little striated ; leaves oblong, acuminated, serrulated, ciliated, truncate at the base, 5 -nerved, rather pilose; panicle terminal ; flowers glomerate, decandrous ; calyx gla- brous, 10-ribbed, 5-toothed; anthers with long beaks, bicallous at the base ; berry 3-celled, crowned by an entire margin, b . S. Native of Surinam. Petals obovate, concave. Ribbed-fruited Melastoma. Shrub. 26 M. fra'gile (Lin. fil. suppl. 236.) leaves ovate, serrated, rather petiolate, 5-nerved, smooth, ciliated, very brittle ; lower peduncles trifid ; pedicels usually 2-flowered ; flowers decan- drous, rather secund ; berry pea-formed, glabrous. 1j . S. Na- tive of Brazil, Mexico, and Surinam. Britlle-\ea.vedL Melastoma. Shrub. 27 M. bru'nneum (Vahl, eclog. fasc. 3. p. 19.) shrub with terete branches, and tetragonal branchlets ; leaves oval, ciliated, scabrous above, but hoary beneath, petiolate, S-5-nerved ; flowers decandrous, aggregate beneath the leaves, rather pedun- culate and strigose; calyx oblong, with rufescent stripes, and with 5 ovate obtuse segments; petals roundish, length of the segments of the calyx ; stamens length of corolla ; style clavate, crowned by an obtuse stigma. h .B. Native of Guiana. /Jrown-calyxed Melastoma. Shrub. 28 M. GROssuLARioiDEs (Lin. spec. 558.) leaves roundish- ovate, acuminated, denticulated, 3-nerved, glabrous on both sur- faces ; flowers decandrous. I; . S. Native of Surinam. — Pluk. aim. 40. t. 249. f. 4. G'joseberry-like Melastoma. .Shrub. 29 M. icosa'ndrum (Swartz, herb, ex Wikst. fl. guad. in acad. sc. stockh. 1827.) leaves ovate or lanceolate, acuminated, creYiulated, 3-nerved, glabrous ; branches of panicle 3-parted ; flowers icosandrous. fj . S. Native of Guadaloupe. Icosandrous Melastoma. Shrub. 30 M. tunctula'tum (Swartz, herb, ex Wikst. 1. c.) leaves opposite, ovate, acuminated, quite entire, 5-nerved, glabrous, full of elevated dots beneath ; cymes terminal, contracted, few- flowered ; calyx glabrous, 5-crenated. Tj . S. Native of Gua- daloupe. Doltcd-\ea\ed Melastoma. Shrub. 31 M. farinule'ntum (Swartz, herb, ex Wikst. 1. c.) leaves scattered, ovate, attenuated, quite entire, 3-nerved, beset with adpressed dots beneath, rather mealy ; raceme straight, trifidly 3-parted ; flowers pedicellate, decandrous. ^^ . S. Native of Guadaloupe. Mealy Melastoma. Shrub. C. Species natives of Brazil, 32 M. ra'dulum (Hoffmanns, verz. 1826. p. 159.) stem terete, somewhat articulated, bluntly 4-winged ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acuminated, 3-nerved, somewhat denticulated, rough above, and beset with decumbent hairs beneath ; flowers cy- mose ; calyx ovate, somewhat pentagonal, beset with somewhat imbricate tubercles and adpressed hairs. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Perhaps a species of Lasidndra or Macairea. /?a«/)-leaved Melastoma. Shrub. S'i M. Brasilie'nse (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 297.) leaves lanceo- late, acuminated, quite entire, hoary beneath, as well as the branches and calyxes from stellate down ; branches of panicle divaricate. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Brazilian Melastoma. Shrub. 34 M. serrula^um (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 300. but not of Pav.) leaves oblong, acute, serrulately ciliated, clothed witii fulvous hairs on both surfaces, and on the branches ; panicle terminal, trichotomous, with divaricate branches. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. .SV/-/-M/n/(;f/-leaved Melastoma. Shrub. 3a M. heteroneu'rum (Sehrank et Mart, mss.) shrubby, gla- brous, rufescent, with terete branches ; leaves oval-oblong, tapering much into the petiole, acuminated at the apex, triple- nerved or almost quintuple-nerved ; flowers almost sessile, crowded, axillary ; fruit globose ; calycine lobes 5-G, deciduous. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the woods of Tapura. Tiie nerves on the lower leaves are nearly marginal, and those on the upper leaves are as in Miconia siwndyldntha, rising far above the base, and somewhat alternate. Petals and stamens unknown. Per- haps a proper genus. Variable-nerved Melastoma. Shrub. D. Species natives of New Grenada. 3Q M. sQUAMULosuM (Smith in Rees' cycl. vol. 23.) leaves elliptic, obtuse, 3-nerved, entire, smooth above, but covered with scale-like hairs beneath ; flowers panicled, terminal, dense ; MELASTOMACEiE. 805 calyx turbinate, 10-ribbed, bluntly 5-toothe(l, scaly; petals roundish, yellow ; berry furrowed, villous. J; • S- Native of New Granada. Perhaps a species oi Davija. Seal;/ Mclastonia. Shrub. .37 M. LiGu'sTuiNUM (Smith in Rees' cycl. vol. 2.'3.) stem and branches glabrous ; leaves oval, obtuse, entire, 3-nervcd, gla- brous, petiolate, shining above, yellowish beneath ; flowers ter- minal, panicled, dense ; calyx, hemispherical, glabrous, striated, broadly and bluntly toothed ; petals obtuse, small, white or red- dish ; anthers obtuse ; style obtuse ; stigma hollow ; berry small, yellow, 'j . S. Native of New Granada. Allied to M. squamidosa ex Smith. I'rhet-likc Melastoma. Shrub. 38 M. GR6ssuM(Lin. fil. suppl. 236.) branches stiffish, terete, hispid; leaves quite entire, 5-nerved, rather cordate, covered with scabrous tomentum ; flowers large, terminal ; calyx stri- gosc ; petals rather pilose on the outside. T2 • S- Native of New Granada. Large Melastoma. Shrub. 39 M. Ihagie'nsf. (Humb. et Bonpl. mel. 1. p. 105. t. 45.) stems weak, flcxuous ; leaves lanceolate, awnless, ciliated, 3- nerved, clothed with scurfy down and rufesccnt hairs beneath, as well as on the branchlets ; raceme terminal, loose, few-flowered ; flowers decandrous ; calyx rather globose, with 5 little teeth ; berry small, globose, 3-celled. h . S. Nativeof New Granada, on Mount Quindiu, near Ibague. Genitals unknown. Perhaps a species of Clidemia or Tschuihja, Ibague Melastoma. Shrub 10 feet. 40 M. GLOBii'LORUM (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 5. p. 564.) clothed with hairy tomentum ; branches terete; leaves pe- tiolate, 5-nerved, ovate-elliptic, acuminated, hairy above, but yellowish beneath ; racemes terminal ; its branches bearing bun- dles of flowers at their tops ; calyx urceolate, 5-toothed ; petals 5, emarginate ; stamens 10 ; anthers opening by one pore, with- out appendages ; ovarium glabrous ; style thickish ; stigma dot- formed ; berry 5-celled, many-seeded, crowned by the teeth of the calyx ; seeds yellowish, 3-sided, with a blackish hylum. 5; . S. Native of Mexico, in woods about Jalapa. Tomentum on the stem, tops of branches, and under side of the leaves stellate, and on the upper side simple. Berry hairy. Glohe-Jlowercd Melastoma. Shrub 4 to 6 feet? 41 M. scoRi'ioiDES (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 5. p. 564.) leaves on short petioles, membranous, obovate, acuminated, gla- brous above, but clothed with scurfy down beneath, 5-nerved or triple-nerved ; racemes terminal, elongated, constantly composed of twisted, cymes ; flowers almost sessile, secund, small, decan- drous ; anthers opening by one pore, shortly auricled at the base; stigma peltately funnel-shaped. f^ . S. Native of Mexico, at C\iesta Grande de Chiconquiaco. Down on the branches and lower surface of leaves rather scurfy, intermixed with a few fine stellate down. Scorpion-like Melastoma. Shrub. 42 M. coRXOiDEs (Cham, et Schlecht. Linnsea. 5. p. 563.) glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves petiolate, oval-lanceolate, acuminated, 5-nerved, puberulous, ciliated, membranous ; cymes axillary, or nearly terminal, trichotomous, loose, and few-flow- ered, having the branches filiform, bibracteolate ; berries globose, 5-ribbed ; ribs running down from the teeth of the calyx, ^i . S. Native of Mexico, near Jalapa in woods. Habit of Clidemia agreslis. Seeds small, yellowish, with a black nearly linear liylum. Stamens 10; anthers not appcndiculated, opening by one pore at the apex. Perhaps a species of Clidemia. Dogn'ood-like Melastoma. Shrub 2 to 3 ft. ? 43 M. furfura'ceum (Vahl, eclog. fasc. 3. p. 13.) leaves ob- long, glabrous, smooth, quite entire, petiolate, 3-nerved, acumi- nated ; branches and pedimcles clothed with scurfy tomentum ; racemes simple ; pedicels 3-flowered ; flowers almost sessi7e, decandrous ; calyx 5-toothed ; teeth minute ; petals 5, oblong ; style length of the stamens, fj , S. Native of South Ame- rica. Scurfy Melastoma. Shrub. • * * The number of stamens and j>arts of tlie flower arc un- known iri the following species. 44 M. MYRicoiDES (Desr. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 51.) smootliish ; branches tetragonal, knotted at the joints ; leaves ovate, smooth- ish, somewhat acuminated, denticulated, 3-5-nervcd, small, almost sessile, rather villous beneath ; flowers trichotomously panicled ; fruit globose, glabrous, granular. tj . S. Native of the Antilles. Myriea-like Melastoma. Shrub. 45 M. thyrsoi'deum (Vahl, eclog. fasc. 3. p. 13.) glabrous; leaves oblong -ovate, attenuated at both ends, glandularly denti- cidated, 3-nerved ; racemes terminal, decompound ; peduncles tetragonally compressed ; flowers small ; bracteas linear ; calyx globose, truncate. I^.S. Native of Montserrat. Thyrse-like-^oviCTeA Melastoma. Shrub. 46 M. cu'preum (Smith in Rees' cycl. vol. 23.) leaves oval- elliptic, acute, entire, on short petioles, 3-nerved, smootliish above, but clothed with rufous tomentum beneath, as well as the petioles and peduncles ; flowers dichotomously panicled, very numerous, and very minute ; calyxes glabrous. Ij . S. Native about the Caraccas ? Copper-co\o\vceA Melastoma. Shrub. 47 M. adsce'ndens (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 772.) shrub sarmentose, twining, rooting ; branches tetragonal, pubescent ; leaves ovate, acute, glabrous, 3-nerved, denticulated ; raceme ovate, terminal ; racemules bearing the flowers on one side ; calyx tubular, with its limb membranous and 4-5-sided, and with 4-5 truncate teeth ; petals oblong, obtuse; stamens 8-10; an- thers opening by 2 pores at the apex, and sheathed at the base ; fruit oblong, 5-celled. 1;. '^. S. Native of Jamaica, in moun- tain woods. M. scandens, Swartz, prod. p. 69. but not of Aubl. Perhaps a proper genus allied to Meriania. Ascending Melastoma. Shrub cl. 48 M. NODOSUM (Desr. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 55.') blackish ; branches somewhat tetragonal, knotted ; leaves elliptic, serru- lately ciliated, 5-nerved, coriaceous ; flowers in trichotomous corymbs, bracteate ; peduncles hispid ; calyx campanulate, an- gular at the base, crenated, length of the corolla. Ij . S. Native of the Antilles. Knotted Melastoma. Shrub. 49 M. p.iRADoxuM (Mart. herb, ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 202.) shrubby, quite glabrous ; branches much compressed between the knots ; leaves petiolate, coriaceous, oval, somewhat cordate at the base, 5-nerved, with the margins nerve-formed, pale be- neath ; panicle terminal ; fruit globose. ?j . S. Native of Bra- zil, on Mount Arara-coara. Seeds 3-sided, smooth. Habit of Tococa, but the bladders on the petioles are wanting. The calyx is 4-sided. Paradoxical Melastoma. Shrub. § 3. AlternifdlitB. The leaves being alternate in the fol- lowing species, it is therefore evident that it should be excluded from the order altogether. 1 Rhe'xia Jussi^eoides (Lin. fil. suppl. 215.) pubescent; leaves lanceolate, alternate? ribbed, with the margins scabrous from very minute serratures ; flowers solitary, axillary, octan- droiis ; calycine segments 4, lanceolate, acute ; petals ovate, ex- ceeding the calyx, yellow ; genitals inclinate, shorter than the corolla ; filaments short ; stigma warted ; capsule somewhat 806 ALANGIE^. I. Alangium. PHILADELPHE^. tetragonal, 4-celled. Tj . S. Native of Surinam. This plant most probably belongs to some genus of Onagrarice, Jussicea-like Rhexia. Shrub. ■f- An additional species of Arthrosthnma. 3 Arthroste'mma nitida (Graham in ed. phil. journ. dec. 1831. Hook. bot. mag. 3142.) stems shrubby, erect, and are, as well as the branches, tetragonally winged, beset with coloured hairs ; leaves ovate, acute, serrulated, glabrous on both surfaces, shining above, but glandularly hispid on the nerves beneath ; peduncles axillary towards the tops of the branches, 3-flowered, longer than the petioles ; petals obovate, retuse ; anthers dissi- milar, with their connectives short and biauriculate. 1^ . S. Na- tive of Buenos Ayres. Flowers lilac. Shining Arthrostemma. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1829. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. Order XCIX. ALANGIE'^ (see genus for derivation). D. C. prod. 3. p. 103. Tube of calyx egg-shaped, rather con- stricted at the apex ; limb campanulate, 5-1 0-toothed. Petals 5-10, linear, spreadingly reflexed. Stamens much exserted, double or quadruple the number of the petals ; filaments free, filiform, very villous at the base. Anthers adnate, linear, 2- celled, bursting inwards by a longitudinal double chink, often barren. Disk fleshy at the base of the limb of the calyx. Drupe oval, somewhat crowned, fleshy, a little ribbed, and somewhat tomentose, containing a valveless 1 -celled nut, the bone or stone having a hole at its apex. Seed one (or 3, ex Rheede), inverted, ovate, with fleshy friable albumen. Embryo straight, with a long ascending radicle, and flat foliaceous ovate-cordate coty- ledons.— Shewy Indian trees, with the branches often spines- cent. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, ovate-lanceolate, acumi- nated, feather-nerved, quite entire, dotless, similar to those of Grenia. Flowers few, sessile, in axillary fascicles. Fruit eatable. This order is only composed of one genus, whose place in the natural system is very doubtful. It differs from Myrldcece in the greater num.ber of petals, in the adnate anthers, in the one- celled fruit, and in the albuminous pendulous seeds. It agrees with ComhretacecB in the tube of the calyx being constricted at the apex, in the one-celled fruit, and the pendulous seed ; but differs in the greater number of petals, in the adnate anthers, in the albuminous seeds, and in the flat cotyledons. In the form of the anthers, and in the one-celled fruit, it differs from Melas- tomacece and Onagrarice, It agrees in some degree with Halor- ageoe in the fabric of the seed, but differs from it in habit, in the one-celled fruit, and single style. The properties are said by the Malays to be purgative and hydrogogue, and their roots aro- matic. I. ALA'NGIUM (Alangi is the Malabar name of the first species). Lam. diet. 1. p. 174. Vahl. symb. 1. p. 61. Corr. ann. mus. 10. p. 161. D. C. prod. 3. p. 203. — Angolam, Adans. fam. 2. p. 85.-^Angolamia, Scop. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Monogynia. Being no other genus the character is the same as that of the order. 1 A. decape'talum (Lam. diet. 1. p. 174.) flowers of 10 pe- tals ; branches glabrous, spinescent ; leaves oblong-lanceolate. Ij . S. Native of Malabar, on rocky mountains, where it is called Alangi or Angolam by the natives. Rheed. mal. 4. t. 17. Grewia salvifolia, Lin. fil. suppl. 409. ex Vahl, symb. 1. p. 61. Berry or drupe rather tomentose, 2-3-seeded. Stamens 23, ex Vahl. The petals are either 10 or 12, and the stamens are double that number. Flowers white, with a grateful scent, solitary or 2-3-together in the axils of the leaves. The pulp of the fruit has a grateful sweet taste. Ten-2Jetalled AUngium. Clt. 1779. Tree 30 ft. 2 A. HEXAPETALUM (Lam. 1. c.) flowers of 6-7 petals ; branches glabrous, hardly spinescent ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated. Ij . S. Native of Malabar, among rocks, where it is called by the natives Kara-Angolam and Namidou. Sta- mens 10-12, but 26 according to Rheed. mal. 4. t. 20. but in the specimen examined by De Candolle, the petals were 7, and the stamens 28, therefore the stamens are thrice the number of the petals. Leaves velvety beneath, and on the petioles. Berry or drupe with a purple tomentose coriaceous rind, and red juicy clammy pulp, which has a rather acid taste; the nut one- seeded. Six-jietalled Alangium. Clt. 1823. Tree 30 ft. 3 A. TOMENTOSUM (Lam. diet. 1. c.) flowers unknown ; branches unarmed, velvety when young, as well as the petioles and nerves of leaves ; leaves oblong, bluntly acuminated, reticulated with little veins beneath. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Berry or drupe pubescent, with a woody coriaceous livid-purple rind. Tomentose Alangium. Tree 20 ft. Cult. The species of Alangium thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, or any light rich soil ; and cuttings root readily if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them, in heat. Order C. PHILADE'LPHE^ (plants agreeing with Phi- ladelphus in important characters). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1826. April, p. 133. D. C. prod. 3. p. 205. — Myrtaceae, gen. Juss. Tube of calyx turbinate, adhering to the ovarium ; limb 4- 10-parted. Petals (f. 114. d.) alternating with the lobes of the calyx, and therefore equal to them in number, convolutely im- bricate in aestivation. Stamens 20-40, inserted into the throat of the calyx in 1 or 2 series. Styles sometimes nearly distinct and at others more or less joined together in one ; stigmas many. Capsule half adhering to the calyx, 4 (f. 114. 6.) -10- celled, many-seeded. Seeds scobiform, subulate, smooth, heaped together at the angles of the cells on the angular placenta, covered by loose, membranous aril. Albumen fleshy. Em- bryo inverted, almost the length of the albumen (f. 114. e.), with oval, obtuse, flattish cotyledons, and a nearly terete radicle, which is longer than the cotyledons. — This order consists of hardy ornamental shrubs. Leaves opposite, dotless, nerved, toothed, or nearly entire, exstipulate. Peduncles opposite, ax- illary, or terminal, trichotomously cymose, or somewhat panicled. Flowers white, in most cases fragrant. Philadelpliccs is more closely allied to Saxifragece than to Myrtacece ; from the former, however, it differs widely in habit, but in the fructification dif- fering chiefly in the numerous cells of the fruit, and in the inde- finite stamens. From Myrtacece it differs in the arillate albu- minous seeds, in the styles being more or less distinct, and in the toothed, dotless leaves. De Candolle points out an approach to Hydr&ngece, and that it is a link connecting it with Viburnum, agreeing almost equally with PhiladelphecB and ViburnecB in habit and fructification. 1 PIIILADELPHEiE. I. Philadelphus. 807 Synopsis of the genera. 1 Phii.ade'lphus. Limb of calyx 4-5-partcd. Petals 4 (f. 1 14. (i.) -5. Stamens 20-40. Styles 4-5, joined or distinct. Capsule 4 (f. 114. b.), -5-celled. 2 Decuma'ria. Limb of calyx 7-10-tootlicd. Petals 7-10. Stamens thrice the number of the petals. Style 1, crowned by 7-10 stigmas. Cap,-.ule 7-10-celled. 3 De'vtzia. Limb of calyx 5-6-cleft. Petals 5-6. Stamens 10-12; filaments tricuspidate. Styles 3-4. Capsule 3-4-celled. I. PHIL.\DE'LPHUS (the ,pi\aSt\oc of Aristotle is a tree not now known ; it is said to be from Ptolemy Philadelphus, King of Egypt). Lin. gen. no. 614. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 173. t. 35. D.C. prod. 3. p. 205. Syringa, Tourn. inst. t. 389. but not of Lin. LiN. SYST. Icosdndria, Tetra-Pentagynia. Tube of calyx obovate-turbinate ; limb 4-5-parted. Petals 4 (f 114. (/.) -5. Stamens 20-40, free, shorter than the petals. Styles 4-5, some- times connected, and sometimes more or less distinct. Stigmas 4-5, oblong or linear, usually distinct, rarely joined. Capsule 4 (f. 114. b.) -5-celled, many-seeded. Seeds scobiform, in- closed in a membranous arillus (f. 114. c), which is fringed at one end (f. 114. rf.). — Shrubs, with pedicellate, white, usually sweet-scented flowers, disposed in corymbose cymes, or some- what panicled, rarely axillary and bracteate. § 1. Slems stiff, straight. Flowers in racemes. 1 P. corona'rius (Lin. spec. FIG. 114. 671.) leaves ovate, acuminated, serrately denticulated, triple - nerved, smoothish, but hairy at the veins beneath ; flowers race- mose ; lobes of calyx acumin- ated; styles almost distinct from the base, not exceeding the sta- mens. Ij . H. Native of the south of Europe. Curt. bot. mag. 391. The leaves have the taste of cucumbers. The flowers are white, and have a strong scent, which, at a distance, re- sembles that of orange flowers, but near it is too powerful for most persons. Tlie primary flowers are 5-cleft, but the rest are 4-cleft. Var. a, vulgaris (D. C. prod. 3. p. 205.) shrub strong ; leaves oval-oblong, large, rather distant. Jj . H. Schkuhr. handb. t. 121. Lam. ill. t. 420. J'ar. /3, iifiniis (Mill. diet. no. 2.) shrub 1-2 feet high ; leaves and branchlets crowded; flower-bearing branches incurved. (j . H. Native country unknown. This variety is sometimes to be found in gardens with double flowers. Far. y,Jldre-2)linus ; flowers double. Var. i, variegatus ; leaves edged with white or yellow. Garland or Common Syringa or Mock-orange. Fl. May, Jime. Clt. 1596. Shrub 2 to 10 feet. 2 P. Zeyhe'ri (Schrad. diss, with a figure, ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 205.) leaves ovate, acuminated, serrately denticulated, rounded at the base, triple-nerved, hairy at the veins beneath ; flowers somewhat racemose; lobes of calyx long-acuminated ; style profoundly 4-cleft. T; . H. Native of North America. This species IS of more humble habit than P. coronarius, and differs chiefly from it in the leaves being rounded at the base, and in the flowers being fewer, larger, and scentless. Zeyher's Syringa or Mock-orange. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 3 P. floribu'ndus (Schrad. diss, with a figure, ex D. C. I.e.) leaves ovate-oval, long-acuminated, serrate-toothed, trij)le-nerved, clothed with hairy pubescence beneath ; flowers somewhat race- mose ; lobes of calyx ending in a long acumen each ; style 4- cleft at the apex. I; . H. Native of North America. Flowers white, 5-7, showy, sweet-scented. Dundlc-flowered Syringa or Mock-orange. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? Slirub 4 to 8 feet. 4 P. VERRUCOSUS (Schrad. diss, with a figure, ex D. C. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-ovate, acuminated, denticulated, clothed with hairy pubescence beneath ; flowers racemose ; lobes of calyx acuminated ; style 4-ckft at the apex. (7 . H. Native of North America. Philadelphus grandiflorus, Lindl. bot. reg. 570. Pursh, fl. sept. amer. but not of Willd. The leaves on the ribs and primary veins beneath, as well as the peduncles, pedicels, and calyxes, are beset with hair-bearing warts. Flowers large, white, scentless. JVarted Syringa or Mock-orange. Fl. May, June. Clt.? Shrub 4 to 0 feet. 5 P. LATiFOLius (Schrad. diss, ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 506.) leaves broad-ovate, acuminated, toothed, somewhat quintuple- nerved, clothed with hairy pubescence beneath ; flowers race- mose ; lobes of calyx acuminated ; style 4-cleft at the very apex. V^ . H. Native of North America. P. latifolius, Hortul. P. pubescens, Cels. hort. Lois. herb. amat. t. 208. This species is known by its white bark, and by the leaves being broad-ovate, beset with hairs, which are naked at the base, not with warts, as well as the young branches. Broad-leaved Syringa or Mock-orange. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? Shrub 4 to (j feet. 6 P. TOMENTosus (Wall. cat. 3653.) leaves ovate, acuminated, denticulated, tomentose beneath ; raceme terminal ; pedicels opposite ; lobes of caly.x ovate, acute. I2 • H. Native of Nipaul and Kaniaon. P. Nipaulensis, Loud. hort. brit. p. 196. Tomentose Syringa or Mock-orange. Clt. 1822. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. § 2. Stems more slender, twiggy, loose. Floncrs solitary or 3 together. 7 P. GRANDIFLORUS (Willd. enum. 1. p. 511.) leaves ovate, long-acuminated, denticulated, triple-nerved, hairy at the veins beneath , and with fascicles of pili in the axils of the veins ; flowers solitary, or by threes ; lobes of calyx long-acuminated ; styles joined in one, longer than the stamens, crowned by 4 linear stigmas. fj . H. Native of North America. Guimp. abb. holz. t. 44. Schrad. diss, with a figure. P. inodorus, Hortul. Branches covered with a castaneous blood-coloured epidermis. Flowers large, scentless. Great-Jlowered Syringa or Mock-orange. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1811. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 8 P. sPEciosus (Schrad. diss, with a figure, ex D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate, rarely oval-ovate, long-acuminated, sharply ser- rate-toothed, clothed with hairy pubescence beneath ; flowers solitary, or by threes ; lobes of calyx with very long acumens ; style deeply 4-cleft, exceeding the stamens. ^^ . W. Native of North America. P. grandiflorus of German gardeners. P. grandiflorus ft, laxus of other gardeners. Tube of calyx nearly terete. Capsule 8-valved, ex Schrad., but more likely 4-valved, with the valves becoining 2-parted at maturity. Flowers large, white, scentless ? Showy Syringa or Mock-orange. Fl. June. Clt. ? Shrub 10 to 14 feet. 9 P. la'xus (Schrad. diss, with a figure, ex D. C. 1. c.) leaves oval-ovate, long-acuminated, toothed, clothed with hairy pu- 808 PHILADELPHE^. I. Philadelphus. II. Decumaria. III. Deutzia. MYRTACE^. bescence beneath ; flowers solitary and by threes ; lobes of calyx ending each in a very long acumen ; style 4-cleft ; stigmas about equal in length to the stamens. f2 • H. Native of North AiTierica. P. laxus and P. humilis, Hortul. Humbler than the preceding plant. Loose Syringa or Mock-orange. Fl. Ju. Clt. ? Sh. 4 to G ft, 10 P. hirsu'tus (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 301.) leaves oblong- ovate, acute, toothed, 5-nerved, hairy on both surfaces, white beneath ; flowers solitary and by threes ; styles joined to the apex ; stigmas undivided. Tj . H. Native of North America, in Tennessee, at French River ; frequent among rocks. Flowers white, scentless? Var. /3, gracilis {^chr&A. 1. c.) branches more slender ; leaves 3-nerved. Ij . H. Native of North America. P. gracilis, Hortul. Lodd. cat. ex Loud. hort. brit. p. 196. Hairy Syringa or Mock Orange. Shrub 2 to 3 ft. IIP. Lewisii (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 329.) leaves ovate, acute, almost entire, with ciliated margins ; style length of the stamens, trifid at the apex. T^ . H. Native of North America, at Clark's river, in watery places. Flowers smaller than those of the following species. Lewis's Syringa or Mock-orange. Fl. June. Clt. ? Shrub 6 to 8 ft. 12 P. iNODORUs (Lin. spec. p. 671.) leaves broad-ovate, acu- minated, quite entire, triple-nerved, or nearly feather-nerved ; flowers solitary, and by tlirees ; style cleft at the apex into 4 oblong stigmas. 1; . S. Native of South Carolina, very rare, on the banks of rivers. — Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 329. Sims, hot. mag. t. 1478. Syringa inodora, Mccnch. — Catesb. car. 2. t. 81. Flowers white, scentless, large. Scentless Syringa or Mock-orange. Fl. June. Clt. 1738. Shrub 1 to 6 ft. Cult. All the species of Philadelphus or Syringa are very desirable plants for shrubberies, the flowers being showy, and of many of the species sweet-scented. They grow in any com- mon soil ; and are readily increased by laying down the branches. II. DECUMA^RIA (from ieKv/xa, decuma, a tenth; in refer- ence to the tenfold structure of some of the flowers). Lin. gen. no. 597. Lam. ill. t. 403. D. C. prod. 3. p. 206.— Forsythia, Walt, but not of Vahl. Lin. syst. Icosandria, Monogf/nia, Tube of calyx campa- nulate ; limb 7-10-toothed. Petals oblong, equal in number to the teeth of the calyx, and alternating with them. Stamens thrice the number of the petals, disposed in one series, 2 in front of each petal, and one between each. Style one, very thick, ex- panded at the apex into a disk, bearing 7-10 radiating stigmas. Capsule ovoid, connate w ith the calyx to above the middle, which is 7-10-nerved, and toothless, crowned by the style and stigmas, valveless, 7-10-celled, opening irregularly near the prominent nerves of the calyx. Seeds numerous, oblong, inclosed in a membranous aril, fixed obliquely by their centre. — Sarmentose shrubs. Leaves opposite, glabrous, entire or toothed at the apex, dotless. Flowers white, sweet-scented, disposed in ter- minal corymbs, sometimes they are to be found dioecious in gar- dens. Leaf-buds beset with short rufous pili. 1 D. ba'reara (Lin. spec. 1668.) leaves ovate-oblong, acute at both ends. T; . H. Native of Lower Carolina, in shady places. D. radicans, Moench. meth. p. 17. D. Forsythia, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 282. Flowers like those of the lime tree, very sweet-scented. Var. />, sarmentosa (Bosc, act. soc. hist. nat. par. 1. p. 76. t. 13.) lower leaves roundish, upper ones ovate-lanceolate. \i . H. Native of Virginia and Carolina, in humid shady places. For- sythia scandens, Walt. car. p. 154. D. prostrata, Lodd. cat. ex Loud. hort. brit. 188. Barbarous or Climbing Decumaria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1 785. Shrub sarmentose or cl. Cult. Decumaria is a very proper shrub for training against a wall or on trellis work, to form bowers, for which it is well adapted from its sw-eet-scented flowers. It thrives well in any common soil, and is easily increased by laying down the branches or by cuttings. III. DEU'TZIA (in honour of John Deutz, a Dutch natural- ist). Thunb. nov. gen. 19. jap. p. 10. Juss. gen. 431. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Trigynia. Tube of calyx campanu- late, tomentose ; limb 5-6-cleft. Petals 5-6, oblong. Stamens 10 ; filaments tricuspidate. Styles 3-4, longer than the corolla ; stigmas simple, club-shaped. Capsule globular, truncate, per- forated, somewhat 3-cornered, scabrous, awned from the permanent bases of the styles, 3-4-valved, 3-4-celled, small, opening at the base. Seeds several in each cell. — -Much branched shrubs, with the branches purplish and villous. Leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate, acuminated, serrated, wrinkled, and veined, scabrous from stellate fascicles of down. Flowers in compound panicles. Peduncles and pedicels tomentose and scabrous. 1 D. sca'bra (Lin. syst. p. 425. Thunb. jap. 185. t. 24.) leaves ovate, acuminated, serrated, scabrous from stellate down ; flowers in compound panicles ; peduncles and pedicels scabrous ; calycine lobes short and bluntish. Ij . H. Native of Japan, where the leaves are used by joiners in smoothing and polishing. Scabrous Deutzia. Fl. ftlay, June. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. 2 D. stami'nea (R. Br. mss. ex Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 82. t. 191.) young branches clothed with stellate tomentum, old ones glabrous ; leaves quite entire, scabrous, lanceolate, acuminated, cuspidately serrated, white from tomentum beneath ; cymes tricliotomous ; peduncles 3-flowered ; pedicels and calyxes be- set with stellate tomentum outside. f; . H. Native of Nipaul, on the high mountains near the Great Valley. Philadelphus or Leptospermum staniineum, Wall. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Styles 4-5, length of the stamens ; teeth of filaments shorter than the anthers ; teeth of calyx lanceolate, acute. Long-stamened Deutzia. Shrub 3 to 4 ft. 3 D. coRYMBosA (R. Br. in Wall. cat. 3652.) glabrous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, cuspidately serrated ; panicles corym- bose, tricliotomous ; panicle and outside of calyx dotted ; teeth of calyx short and rounded ; teeth of filaments shorter than the anthers. Tj . H. Native of Kamaon. Philadelphus corymb6sus, Wall. Flowers white. C'or!/)Hioit'-flowered Deutzia. Shrub 3 to 4 ft. 4 D. Bri'nonia'na (Wall. cat. 3650.) leaves ovate, acumi- nated, cuspidately serrated, clothed with hoary tomentum be- neath, as well as the peduncles and calyxes ; peduncles axillary ; lobes of calyx subulate ; petals narrow ; cusps of filaments longer than the anthers. h. H. Native of Kamaon. Lepto- spermum scabrum, Wall. Flowers white. Fruit small. Browns Deutzia. Shrub 4 to 5 ft. Cult. Any common soil will suit these shrubs, and they may easily be increased by laying down the branches or by cuttings. Order CI. MYRTA'CEjE (plants agreeing with Myrtus in important characters). R. Brown, gen. rem. p. 14. D. C. diet, class vii. and not. 1826. prod. 3. p. 207. — Myrti, Juss. gen. p. 323. — MyrtesB, Juss. diet. sc. nat. 34. p. 79. — Myrtineas, D. C. theor. — Myrtoidea, Vent. tabl. Batsch. p. 13. — Myrteacese, Nees, nov. act. bonn. 11. p. 113. — Hesperideae, Lin. ord. nat. 19. but not of Vent. Calyx superior, 4-5-cleft (f 115. a. f. 117. 6.), rarely 6-cleft, sometimes falling off like the cap, in consequence of the cohesion MYRTACEyE. 809 at the apex ; tube adnata to tlie ovarium (f. 115. a. f. \23.a.). Petals equal in number to the lobes of the calyx, inserted in the calyx, rarely wanting ; but when present with a quincunical aestivation (f. 122. b.). Stamens inserted along with the petals (f. 115. e. f. 123. b.}, and are either twice their number or inde- finite (f. 119. e. f. 123.6.), usually disposed in many series ; fila- ments distinct (f. 123. i.), or connected into several parcels (f. 117. e. c), curved inwards before flowering ; anthers ovate, 2-celled, small, bursting lengtliwise (f. 120. c). Ovarium inferior, 2-4-5 or C-celled ; style simple (f. 119. c). Stigma simple. Fruit either dry (f. 119. d.) or fleshy (f. 121. e.), dehiscent or indeliiscent. Seeds usually indefinite, variable in form. Embryo exalbunii- nous, straight or curved, with its cotyledons and radicle distin- guishable, or conferruminated into a solid mass. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves usually opposite (rarelj' alternate, as in Bar- ringlonia,), entire, full of transparent dots, featlier-nerved, the nerves usually running into each other towards the margin, and forming a vein running parallel with the margin. Inflorescence variable, sometimes on 1 -flowered axillary pedicels, sometimes on axillary 3-flowered trichotomous cymose peduncles, or the peduncles are furnished with many opposite flowers, and termi- nated by one flower ; sometimes the flowers are sessile and spi- cate ; always with 2 opposite bracteas under each flower. Flowers white, red, occasionally yellow, but never blue. Mijriacece is one of the most natural among the tribes of plants, and the most easily recognised. Its opposite exstipu- late clothed entire leaves, with a marginal vein, are a certain in- dication of it, with the exception of a few plants, which probably do not belong to the order, although at present placed in it. It is closely allied to Rosacece, Lythrariece, Onagrlirice, Comhre- tacecp, and Melastomacea, but cannot well be confounded with them or any other tribe. It is distinguished from Li/thrariece in the calyx being adnate to the ovarium, from Combretacece in the many-celled ovarium, in the erect or horizontal seeds, not pendulous, and in the cotyledons not being convolute ; from Atdastomacece in the filaments not being bent abruptly, nor re- ceived in vacuities below the recesses of the calyx, as in that order, and in the form of the stamens ; from Onagrar'ice in the stamens being usually indefinite. The order oft'ers a curious instance of the facility w ith which the calyx and corolla can take upon themselves the same functions of transformation. In Eu- calyptus, as is well known, the sepals are consolidated into a cup-like lid, called the operculum. In Eudesmia, a nearly re- lated genus, the calyx remains in its normal state, while the petals are consolidated into the operculum. The pellucid dot- tings of the leaves, and other parts, indicate the presence of a fragrant aromatic or pungent volatile oil, which gives the prin- cipal quality to the products of the order. To this are to be attributed the grateful perfume of the Guciva fruit, the powerful scent of the flower-buds of Caryopliijllns aromdlicus, called in England cloves, and the balsamic odour of the eastern fruits called the Jamsorade and the Rose-apple. The fruit of various Eugen'tas are found by travellers in the forests of Brazil to bear very agreeable fruit. A fruit of Brazil, called Japoticabieras, brought from the forests to the towns of St. Paul and Tejuco, belongs to this order ; it is said to be delicious. (St. Ilil, pi. usual, p. 29.) The young flower-buds of Calyplrdnt/ies aro- vidtica have the flavour and quality of cloves, for which they might be advantageously substituted, according to M. Auguste St. Hilaire, pi. usual, no. 14. The volatile oil of cajeputi, or cajeput oil, is distilled from the leaves o{ Melaleuca leucodendron and M. cajeputi, and is well known as a powerful sudorific ; and is a useful external application in chronic rheumatism. (Ains- lie, 1. p. 260.). It is considered carminative, cephalic, and em- menagogue, and is no doubt a highly diffusible stimulant, anti- spasmodic and diaphoretic, and on that account is used in the cure of cholera. It has also the power of dissolving caoutchouc. (Ibid.) The root of Stravadium racembsum has a slightly bitter, but not unpleasant taste. It is considered by the Hindoo doctors valuable on account of its aperient, deobstruent, and cooling properties ; the bark is supposed to possess properties similar to Cinchona. (Ibid. 2. p. 65.). A kind of gum is yielded by Eucalyptus re- sinifera, which is occasionally sold in the medicine bazaars of India. (Ibid. 1. p. 185.) Other species of Eucalyptus yield a large quantity of tannin, which has been even extracted from the trees of New Holland, and sent to the English market. The leaves of Glaplnjria n'llida, called by the Malays the tree of long life, probably from the other trees of the forest having ceased to exist, afford at Bencoolen a substitute for tea, and it is known by the natives by the name of tea plant. (Lin. trans. 14. p. 129.). Synopsis of the genera. Tribe I. ChaM;ELAUcie';e. Lobes of calyx 5 (f.\\5. b.). Petals 5. Sta- mens disposed in one series, fertile and sterile mixed (f. 1 1 5. e. c). Fruit dry, l-celled. Ovula numerous, erect from the base, fixed to the centre or to the somewhat exserted central j>lacenla. — Heath-like shrubs, all natives of New Holland. Leaves opposite, dotted. Flowers small, on short pedicels. Bracteas 2 under each flower, free or joined. 1 Ca'lytiirix. Calyx drawn out into a cylindrical tube (f. 115. a.); lobes ending in a long bristle each (f. 115. g.). Sta- mens 10-30, free. Fruit dry, indehiscent, l-celled. 2 Darwi'nia. Tube of calyx drawn out into a membranous deciduous limb, with its throat dilated. Lobes roundish, cor- date. Stamens 10-15, free. Ovarium l-celled, 1 -ovulate. 3 Vertico'rdia. Flowers before expansion girded by 2 free or concrete bracteas ; lobes of calyx palmately parted into 5-7- lobvdes. Stamens 20, of which 10 are sterile and ligulate. Stigma feathered. Fruit 1 -seeded, l-celled when mature. 4 ChaMjElau'cium. Flowers girded by 2 concrete bracteas, which terminate each in a dorsal mucrone ; lobes of calyx un- divided, petaloid. Stamens 20, 10 of which are sterile and ligulate. Stigma capitate. Ovarium l-celled, 5-6-ovulate. 5 Genety'llis. Flowers girded by 2 distinct bracteas ; lobes of calyx short, obtuse, entire. Stamens 20, many of which are sterile, all filiform. Stigma bearded. Ovarium l-celled, 5-6-ovulate. 6 Pilea'ntius. Flowers inclosed in a 1 -leaved calyptriform involucrum before expansion; limb of calyx 10-parted ; lobes rounded. Stamens 20, all fertile, some simple, others bifur- cate. Ovarium l-celled, 5-7-ovulate. Stigma obtuse. 5 L 810 MYRTACE^. Leptospe'rme.e.^ Cahjx 4-G-lobed {{. 116. 6. f. 117. b.). Pe- tals 4 (f. 116. b.) -6. Stamens free (f. 119. e.) or polyadelphous (f. 117. e.). Fruit dry, many-celled. Seeds exarillate and exal- buminous. — Shrubs or trees, natives of New Holland. Leaves op- posite or alternate, usually full of pellucid dots. Inflorescence variable; sornetimes cymose and centrifugal, with pedicellate flowers (f. 118.) ; sometimes spicate and centripetal, with sessile Jlgwerslf. 116. f. 117.). SuBTRiBE I. Melaleu'cEvE. Stamcns polyodelphotis (f. 1 16. c. f. 117. e.). 7 Asta'rtea. Limb of calyx 5-parted ; lobes orbicular. Bundles of stamens alternating with the petals. Stigma capi- tate. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded, half adhering to the calyx. Flowers pedicellate. 8 Trista'nia. Calyx 5-cleft. Bundles of stamens opposite the petals. Capsule 3-celled, many-seeded. Flowers pedi- cellate. 9 Beaufortia. Limb of calyx 5-parted ; lobes acute. Bun- dles of stamens opposite the petals. Capsule adhering to the tube of the calyx, 3-celled; cells 1-seeded. Flowers sessile. 10 Calotha'mnus. Calyx 4-5-toothed (f. 1 16. 6.). Bundles of stamens opposite the petals (f 116. c). Capsule covered by the calyx, 3-celled, many-seeded. Flowers sessile. 11 Melaleu^ca. Limbof calyx 5-parted (f. 1 17. 6.). Bun- dles of stamens elongated, opposite the petals (f. 117. e.). Cap- sule covered by the calyx (f. 117. a.), and adnate to the base of the branches, 3-celled, many-seeded. Flowers sessile. 12 Lama'rchea. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Petals campanu- lately conniving. Stamens monadelphous at the base, but divid- ing into 5 polyandrous parts at the apex. Capsule covered by the chartaceous calyx, 3-celled, opening by 3 valves at the apex, globose, woody, many-seeded. Flowers axillary, solitary, sessile. 13 Eude'smia. Limb of calyx 4-toothed. Petals joined into a deciduous operculum. Bundles of stamens 4, alternating with the teeth of the calyx. Capsule 4-celled, 4-valved. Flowers pedunculate. SuBTRiBE II. EuLEi'TOsrE'RMEjE. Stamens free. (f. 119. e.) 14 Eucaly'ptus. Limb of calyx lid-formed, falling off in one piece (f. 118. 6.). Petals none. Stamens numerous. Capside 4-celled (f. 118. c), or from abortion only 3-celled, many-seeded. 15 Angophora. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Stamens nu- merous. Capsule covered by the calyx, 3-celled, 3-valved ; cells 1 or few-seeded. Flowers corymbose. 16 Calliste'mon. Limb of calyx 5-parted; lobes obtuse. Stamens numerous (f. 119. e.). Capsule 3-celled (f. 119. b.), many-seeded, incrusted by the calyx. Flowers sessile. 17 Metroside'ros. Limb of calyx 5-6-cleft (f. 120. a.). Stamens 20-30, very long. Capsule 2-3-celled; cells many- seeded. Flowers pedicellate. 18 Leptospe'rmum. Limb of calyx 5-cleft; lobes trian- gular. Stamens 20-30, shorter than the petals. Capsule 4-5- celled. Flowers solitary, pedicellate. 19 Billotia. Limb of calyx S-cleft ; lobes triangular. Sta- mens 20-30, shorter than the petals. Berry 3-celled. Flowers sessile, in globose heads. 20 Fabri'cia. Limb of calyx 5-cleft ; lobes valvate. Sta- mens numerous. Capsule many-celled, adnate to the calyx ; cells opening at the apex. Seeds winged. Flowers on short pedicels. 21 B.e*ckea. Limb of calyx 4-cleft. Stamens 5-10, shorter than the petals. Capsule 2-5-celled, many-seeded, inclosed in the calyx. Flowers pedicellate. Tribe III. My'rte;e. Calyx 4^- 5-parted {L 121. b. f. 122. d.a.). Petals 4-5. Stamens free (f. 123.6.). Fruit fleshy, baccate, many- celled {L 121. e.). — Trees or shrubs. Leaves opj>osite, full of jiellucid dots, or opaque, quite entire. Peduncles axillary, some- times \-flowered, sometimes in trichotomous cymes, and sometimes branched and appiroximating into a terminal panicle. 22 Sonnera^tia. Calyx adhering to the ovarium at the base, 4-6-cleft. Stamens numerous. Berry adnate to the calyx at the base, the rest girded by it, 10-15-celled. Seeds curved, imbedded in fleshy pulp. Flowers large, terminal, solitary. Leaves dotless. 23 Ne'litris. Calyx 4-5-toothed. Stamens numerous. Ova- rium 4-10-celled. Berry crowned by the calyx, few or many- seeded. Flowers pedicellate. Leaves dotless. 24 Campomane'sia. Limb of calyx 5-parted; lobes ovate. Stamens numerous. Berry many-seeded, globose, pulpy, 7-10- celled. Seeds rather reniform. Peduncles 1 or many-flowered. Leaves dotted. 25 Psi'dium. Tube of calyx rather contracted at the apex, limb at first undivided, but at length cleft into 1-5 parts (f. 121. b.). Stamens numerous. Ovarium 5-20-celled. Berry many- seeded (f. 121. e.), crowned by the lobes of the calyx. Seeds imbedded in pulp. Leaves dotless. 26 Jossi'nia. Limb 4-parted even to the base ; lobes open in ajstivation. Stamens numerous. Fruit fleshy, crowned by the calycine lobes, many-seeded. Peduncles 1-flowered. 27 My'rtus. Limb of calyx 5-parted, rarely 4-parted. Sta- mens numerous. Berry 2-3-celled, crowned by the limb of the calyx. Seeds incurved, many in each cell, rarely solitary. Pe- dicels 1-flowered. Leaves dotted. 28 My'rcia. Limb of calyx 5-parted (f. 122. a. d.). Sta- mens numerous. Ovarium 2-3-celled ; cells many-ovulate. Berry when mature usually 1-2-celled, and 1-3-seeded. Seeds nearly globose. Peduncles axillary and terminal, many-flowered. Leaves dotted. 29 Calyptra'nthes. Limb of calyx falling off in one piece. Petals wanting, or 2-3 very small. Stamens numerous. Ova- rium 2-3-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Berry 1 -celled, 1-4-seeded. Peduncles axillary, many-flowered. 30 Syzy'dUM. Limb of calyx almost entire, or repandly lobed. Petals 4-5, concrete, fallingoffin the shape of acalyptra. Stamens numerous. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells few-ovulate. Berry 1 -celled, 1 or few-seeded. Seeds globose. Peduncles axillary and terminal, in cymose corymbs. 31 Caryophy'llus. Limb of calyx 4-parted (f. 123. (/.). MYRTACEiE. I. Calvtiirix. 811 Petals 4, cohering at the apex, as in Sijzi/gium, Stamens free (f. 123. b.), disposed in 4 bundles, inserted near the teeth of the calyx. Ovarium 2-cellcd (f. 1^3. a.); cells many-ovulate. Berry 1-3-celled, 1-2-seeded from abortion. Cymes terminal, or in the forks of the branches. Leaves dotted. 32 Acme' N A. Limb of calyx truncate, when young involute. Petals .5, small, distant. Stamens numerous. Berry 1-seeded. Cymes 3-flowered, disposed in a terminal panicled thyrse. 33 Euge'nia. Limb of calyx 4-partcd even to the ovarium. Stamens numerous. Ovarium 2-3-celled ; cells many-ovulate. Berry nearly globose, crowned by the calyx; when mature 1, rarely 2-celled, 1-2-seeded. Seeds large, roundish. 34 Jamb6sa. Tube of calyx drawn out beyond the ovarium (f. 124. a.) ; limb 4-parted. Stamens very numerous (f. 124. c). Ovarium many-celled and many-ovulate. Fruit 1-2-seeded, umbilicate at the apex. Seeds angular. Leaves dotted. Cymes lateral and terminal. Tribe IV. Barringtonie'/e. Cahjx 4-6-toui/ied. Petals i-6. Stamens numerous, disposed in many series ; filaments monadelphous a short Kay at the base. Fruit baccate or dry, many-celled. Co- tyledons large, Jleshy. — Trees, with dntless, alternate, or nearly opposite leaves, or crowded in whorls, quite entire or serrated. Flowers in racemes or panicles. So Barringtonia. Limb of calyx 2-3-parted. Petals 4. Stamens numerous, long. Ovarium 4-celIed ; cells 2-ovulate. Berry large, crowned by the limb of the calyx, 1 -celled at ma- turity, and 1-seeded. Trees, with dotless leaves. 36 Strava'dium. Limb of calyx 4-parted. Ovarium semi- bilocular ; cells 2-ovulate. The rest as in Barringtonia. 37 Gusta'via. Limb of calyx entire, or 4-G-8-lobed (f. 126. b.). Petals 4-6-8. Stamens numerous. Ovarium 4-6-celled ; cells many-ovulate. Capsule 3-6-celled ; cells few-seeded. — Trees, with dotless leaves. f Genera belonging to Myrtacece, and probably for the most part to tribe Myrtee Melaleuca. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1793. Sh. 4 to 10 feet. 8 M. GENISTIFOLIA (Smith, exot. bot. 1 . t. 55.) leaves alter- nate, linear-lanceolate, flat, 3- nerved, dotted, and are as well as the branches glabrous ; bun- dles of stamens polyandrous, with their claws about equal in length to the petals. (^ . G. Native of New South Wales, and where it is called by the English White tea-tree. Flowers with reddish pe- tals and yellow stamens, (f. 117.) Broom-leaved Melaleuca. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1793. Shrub 6 to 20 feet. 9 M. lanceola'ta (Otto. hort. berol. 36.) leaves scattered, lan- FIG. 117. ceolate, acute, almost nerveless, 3-veined, almost dotless, re- curved at the apex, and are as well as the branchlets glabrous ; spikes loose, naked; bundles of stamens polyandrous, with their claws about equal in length to the petals. Vj . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers yellowish. Very like M. genhtif uUa . Laiiceolatc-\eaved Melaleuca. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 10 M. stria'ta (Labill. nov. holl. 2. p. 26. t. 105.) leaves alternate, lanceolate-linear, acute, obsoletely striated, stiff, almost sessile ; spikes oval or oblong ; tube of calyx woolly ; bundles of stamens usually decandrous, with their claws twice the length of the petals. Ij . G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast. R. Br. 1. c. Fruit crowded, nearly globose. Margin of calyx repand. Flowers white. A7Wrt/erf-leaved Melaleuca. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1803. Sh. 6 to 9 feet. 11 M. PENTAGON A (Labill. nov. holl. 2. p. 27. t. 166.) leaves alternate, linear-l.inceolate, acuminated, thickish, rather 3-nerved ; spikes ovate-globose ; tube of calyx glabrous, globose, penta- gonal ; bundles of stamens pentandrous. Ij . G. Native of New Holland, in Van Lewin's Land. Fruit crowded, in a globose head. Stamens joined together to the middle in bundles. Flowers white ? Pentagonal -fruheA Melaleuca. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 12 M. ACEROSA ; leaves alternate, acerose, villous, full of pellucid dots ; bundles of stamens polyandrous, with their claws very long. I^ . G. Native of New Holland. Billotia acerosa, Coll. hort. rip. 1. p. 21. t. 23. Flowers purple. Acerose-\ea.\ed Melaleuca. Fl. June, July. Clt.? Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 13 M. THYMOiDES (Labill. 1. c. t. 167.) leaves alternate, lan- ceolate, or oblong, 3-nerved, petiolate, and are as well as the branchlets quite glabrous ; heads of flowers globose or oval ; segments of the calyx acute, 3-nerved ; bundles of stamens usually decandrous, with their claws shorter than the petals, fj . G. Native of New Holland, in Van Lewin's Land, and on the south-west coast. R. Br. in hort. kew. 4. p. 412. Flowers purplish. Perhaps the same as 71/. huidula of Hort. Thyme. like Melaleuca. Fl. June, July. CI. 1803. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 14 M. squa'mea (Labill. 1. c. p. 28. 1. 158.) leaves lanceolate- ovate, acuminated, 3-nerved, when young villous as well as the branchlets ; heads of flowers globose, pubescent ; bundles of stamens bearing 5-9 anthers each, with very short claws. I; . G. Native of Van Dieman's Land. R. Br. in hort. kew. 4. p. 412. Ker. bot. reg. t. 477. Flowers lilac, much crowded. Fruit corticate by the scaly spongy calyx. Leaves becoming black on drying. iSca/^-calyxed Melaleuca. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1805. Tr. 15 M. NODOSA (Smith, exot. bot. 1. p. 67. t. 35.) leaves al- ternate, linear-subulate, mucronate, stiff, 1 -nerved, flat, and rather spreading ; heads globose ; segments of the calyx mem- branous, glabrous ; bundles of stamens bearing 3-6-8 anthers, with the claws very short. h . G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern coast, at Port Jackson. Vent. malm. t. 112. R. Br. in Ait. hort. kew. 4. p. 413. Metrosideros, Gfertn. fruct. 1. p. 172. t. 34. Cav. icon. 4. p. 19. t. 334. Metrosideros pungens, Reich, in Sieb. pi. exsic. no. 316. Flowers pale yel- lowish. Fruit disposed in a small globose head. A'no«erf Melaleuca. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1790. Sh. 3 to 6 ft. 16 M. tenuifolia (D. C. prod. 3. p. 213.) leaves alternate, subulate, nearly terete, mucronate, stiff, strictly erect, villous when young, but glabrous in the adult state, as well as the branches ; lieads of fruit globose, dense ; calyxes rather velvety, with deciduous truncate lobes. I; . G. Native of New Hol- land, on the east coast. Flowers unknown. Allied to M. no- 1 816 MYRTACEiE. XI. Melaleuca. dosa, but differs in the leaves being 3 times longer, about 15-16 inches long. Fine-leaved Melaleuca. Shrub 3 to G ft. 17 M. ERic^FOLiA (Smith, exot. bot. t. 34.) leaves alter- nate, linear-subulate, nerveless, avcnless, spreading or somewhat recurved ; spikes of flowers oval, glabrous ; bundles of stamens octandrous or decandrous, w ith their claws hardly exceeding the petals. I7 . G. Native of New South Wales. M. nodosa. Link, enum. 2. p. 273. Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 318. and no. 549. Flowers pale yellow. Heath-leaved Melaleuca. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1788. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. 18 M. armilla'ris (Smith, in Lin. trans. 3. p. 277.) leaves alternate, linear-subulate, mucronate, recurved at the apex ; spikes cylindrical, quite glabrous ; bundles of stamens polyan- drous, with their claws exceeding the petals. Vj . G. Native of New South Wales. M. ericaefolia, Andr. bot. rep. t. 175. Vent. malm. t. 76. Wendl. coll. 1. t. 29. but not of Smith. Metrosideros armillaris, Gsertn. fruit. I. p. 171. t. 43. Cav. icon. 4. t. 335. Flowers white. Bracelet Melaleuca. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1788. Shrub 6 to 8 ft. 19 M. uncina'ta (R. Br. in Ait. hort. kew. 4. p. 414.) leaves alternate, angular, filiform, mucronate, erect, uncinately recurved at the apex ; branchlets twiggy ; heads of flowers ovate, with the rachis woolly ; bundles of stamens pentandrous and hexan- drous, with their claws exceeding the petals. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast. Flowers yellowish. //ooA-erf-leaved Melaleuca. Fl. Feb. Sep. Clt. 1803. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. 20 M. sca'bra (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves alternate, nearly terete, mucronulate, scabrous, crowded ; heads of flowers globose ; bundles of stamens bearing 4-6 anthers, with their claws about equal in length to the petals. h . G. Native of New Holland, on the southern coast. Sweet, fl. austr. t. 10. Flowers pur- plish. Perhaps the same as M. muricata, Hort. Scabrous Melaleuca. Fl. Feb. Sep. Clt. 1803. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 21 M. juNii'EROiDES (D. C. prod. 3. p. 213.) leaves alternate, terete, stiff', mucronate, glabrous in the adult state ; heads of flowers globose, with the rachis villous ; bundles of stamens bearing 4-6 anthers, with their claws about equal in length to the petals. ^ . G. Native of New Holland. Metrosideros juniperoides, Rchb. in Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 317. Flowers yellowish, in small heads. Branchlets and young leaves rather villous. Juniper-like Melaleuca. Shrub 2 to 4 ft. 22 M. erube'scens (Otto, hort. berol. p. 37.) leaves alter- nate, linear-subulate, flat above, and mucronulate at the apex ; spikes cylindrical, and are, as well as the branchlets, quite gla- brous ; bundles of stamens polyandrous, with their claws ex- ceeding the petals. Tj . G. Native of New Holland. Rchb. gart. mag. 1. t. 82. M. diosmifolia, Dum. Cours. bot. cult. 5. p. 373. Leaves nearly like those of AI. ericccfblia. Flowers less crowded. Petals pale yellowish. Stamens rose-coloured. /?ffW(.s//-stamened Melaleuca. Fl. June, July. Clt. Shrub 3 to 6 ft. 23 M. i'ulciie'lla (R. Br. in Ait. hort. kew. 4. p. 414.) leaves scattered or nearly opposite, oval or oblong, obtuse, ob- soletely 3-ncrved ; flowers usually solitary, and are, as well as the branches glabrous ; bundles of stamens polyandrous, peta- loid on the outside, bearing the stamens from the base to the apex on the margins inside, exceeding the petals. fj . G. Na- tive of New Holland, on the south coast. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 200. Rchb. gart. mag. 1. t. 8. f. 2. M. densa, Colla, hort. ripul. append. 1. p. 815. t. 4. but not of R. Br. M. serpylli- folia, Dum. Cours. bot. cult. 5. p. 374. Flowers reddish. Neat Melaleuca. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1803. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. * * Leaves opposite. 24 M. THYMiroLiA (Smith, exot. bot. 1. t. 36.) leaves oppo- site, lanceolate, nerveless ; spikes few-flowered ; bundles of sta- mens polyandrous, with the claws branched on the inside even to the middle. Fj • CJ. Native of New South Wales. R. Br. 1. c. Rchb. gart. mag. 1. t. 8. f. 1. Siins, bot. mag. 1869. M. gnidioefolia. Vent. malm. t. 7. M. coronata, Andr. rep. t. 278. M. parvifolia. Otto, hort. berol. t. 37. M. discolor, Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 329. Metrosideros calycina, Cav. icon. t. 336. f. 2. Bundles of stamens lilac or purple, and somewhat petaloid. Thyme-leaved Melaleuca. Fl. June, Sep. Clt. 1792. Shrub 2 to 3 ft. 25 M. DECussA^A (R. Br. 1. c. p. 415.) leaves opposite, de- cussate, oval-lanceolate, 3-nerved ; spikes oval, quite glabrous ; bundles of stamens polyandrous, with the claws very short. V; . G. Native of New Holland, on the south-west coast. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2268. Colla, hort. rip. 86. t. 15. M. pumila. Otto, in litt. and M. parviflora. Otto, hort. berol. p. 37. Rchb. gart. mag. 1. t. 31. Flowers crowded, lilac. Becussate-leay edMelaleuca. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1803. Sh. 3 to 6 ft. 26 M. cuticula'ris (Labill. nov. holl. 2. p. 30. t. 171.) leaves opposite, crowded, oblong-linear, obtuse, veinless ; flowers soli- tary, axillary, glabrous ; bundles of stamens dodecandrous, hav- ing their claws the length of the petals. I; . G. Native of New Holland, in Van Lewin's Land. The cuticle of the trunk and branches of the tree are separable. Perhaps the same as the M . Jimhriata of gardens, but differs in the leaves being spread- ing and narrower. Cuticnlar Melaleuca. Tree 10 to 20 ft. 27 M. fu'lgens (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves opposite, lanceolate- linear, acute, 1-nerved; spikes of flowers oval, quite glabrous; bundles of stamens polyandrous, palmately many-cleft, having their claws the length of the petals. Tj . G. Native of New Holland. Ker. bot. mag. 103. Flowers larger than those of any other species of the genus. Bundles of stamens scarlet, more than an inch long. Fruit glabrous, nearly globose. Lobes of calyx roundish, blunt. Fm/^-oj; Melaleuca. Fl. Jidy, Sept. Clt. 1803. Sh. 6 to 20 ft. 28 M. LiNEARiFOLiA (Smith, exot. bot. t. 5G.) leaves oppo- site, lanceolate-linear, acute, 3-nerved at the base, dotted ; spikes of flowers oblong, glabrous, as well as the branchlets ; bundles of stamens polyandrous, pinnate-parted, exceeding the petals. >i . G. Native of New South Wales. R. Br. 1. c, Metrosideros hyssopifolia, Cav. icon. 4. t. 336. f. 1. Fruit globose. Calycine lobes small, acutish, deciduous. Flowers cream-coloured. Toud-Jlax-leaved Melaleuca. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1793. Tr. 20 to 30 ft. 29 M. abieti'na (Smith in Rees' eye. vol. 23. no. 15.) leaves opposite, elliptic-oblong, concave, obtuse, 3-nerved ; flowers few, glabrous at the tops of the branches ; bundles of stamens polyandrous, having elongated claws, but not exceeding the pe- tals, multifid at the apex. Ij . G. Native of New Holland, at King George's Sound. This species is remarkable in having ter- minal flowers. Fir-like Melaleuca. Tree 20 to 30 ft. 30 M. HVPERiciFOLiA (Smith in Lin. trans. 3. p. 249.) leaves opposite, decussate, elliptic-oblong, 3-nerved, the lateral nerves are obsolete, ap()roximating the margin, which is recurved ; spikes cylindrical, quite glabrous ; bundles of stamens polyan- drous, unguiculate, elongated ; filaments radiating. \j . G. Na- tive of New South Wales. Andr. bot. rep. t. 200. Wendl. coll. MVRTACE/E. XI. 1Mi:laleuca. XII. Lamarciiea. XIII. Eudesmi 817 1. t. 18. R. Br. I.e. 4. p. tl5. Vent, eels- t. 10. IMetrosidtros livpericifolia, Salisb. prod. p. ^51. Flowers of a splendid scar- let-colour. St. John s-trorl-leavcd MeVAcuca. El. June, Aug. Clt. 1792. Shrub 10 to 20ft. 31 M. ELLi'pTicA (Labill. nov. Iioll. 2. p. ,'Jl. t. 173.) leaves opposite, elliptic, blunt at botli ends, 1-nerved in the middle, with the veins pinnate, and confluent at the margins; spikes of flowers cylindrical, pubescent ; bundles of stamens polyandrous, with their claws exceeding the petals. ^ . G. Native of New Holland, in Van Lewin's Land. Flowers scarlet, rather smaller than those of the preceding species. Fruit globose, glabrous. Lobes of calyx acutish, permanent. Elliptic -leaved Melaleuca. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. 32 iSl. SQUARROSA (Smith in Lin. trans. C. p. 300.) leaves op- posite, ovate, acute, 5-7-nerved, on short petioles, glabrous ; branchlets villous ; spikes cylindrical ; bracteas foliaceous ; lobes of calyx blunt and nerveless ; bundles of stamens dodecandrous, with their claws very short. H . G. Native of New Holland and Van Dieman's Land. Labill. nov. holl. 2. t. 169. Smith, bot. mag. t. 1935. M. myrtifolia. Vent. malm. t. 47. M. ca- japutti, Hon. Flowers vellow ish. Squarrose Melaleuca. " Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1794. Tr. 20 to 40 ft. 33 M. GiBBOSA (Labill. nov. holl. 2. p. 30. t. 172.) leaves op- posite, decussate, crowded, ovate, obtuse, 3-nerved ; spikes few- flowered, and are, as well as the branches and calyxes, glabrous; bundles of stamens polyandrous, with their claws the length of the petals ; fruit appearing as if they were sunk in the branches at the base. tj . G. Native of Van Dieman's Land and of New Holland on the south coast. M. imbricata, Hort. There is a variety of this species with 3 leaves in a whorl. Gibbous Melaleuca. Clt. 1820. Shrub 6 to 12 ft. 34 M. spRENGELioiDES (D. C. prod. 3. p. 215.) leaves oppo- site, decussate, sessile, crowded, roundish, mucronate, 5-nerved ; heads of flowers nearly globose, crowded, glabrous ; bundles of stamens bearing 7-10 anthers, witii their claws the length of the petals; fruit nearly globose, with a truncate, somewhat inflexed limb. Jj . G. Native of New Holland. Allied to M. gibbosa, but very distinct. Sprengclia-like Melaleuca. Shrub 6 to 8 ft. 35 M. CALYciNA (R. Br. in Ait. hort. kew. 4. p. 41().) leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate, 3-5-nerved, nearly sessile ; glonierules few-flowered ; segments of the calyx acute, nerveless ; bundles of stamens polyandrous, with their claws shorter than the petals. I; . G. Native of New Holland, on the southern coast. Flowers purple. Large-calyxed Melaleuca. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1803. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. * * * Leaves in whorls. 36 M. de'nsa (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves scattered, 3 in a whorl or opposite, obovate, 3-nerved ; spikes oblong or oval. I^ . G. Na- tive of New Holland, on the south-west coast. Flowers reddish. Dense-\ea\ed Melaleuca. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1803. Shrub 2 to 6 ft. 37 M. ixca'na (Rr. Br. in bot. reg. t. 410.) leaves 3 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, clothed with hoary down on both sur- faces, as well as the branches ; spikes oval or oblong. Ij . G. Native of New Holland. M. tomentosa, Colla, hort. rip. .87. t. 37. M. lanata, Nois. M. canescens. Link et Otto, hort. berol. )). 87. abbild. t. 81. M. lanfgera, Wendl. Bundles of stamens bt-aring each 5-7 anthers, with their claws shorter than the petals. Flowers pale vellow. Huary Melaleuca. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1817. Shrub 3 to 8 ft. •|- Species not sufficiently known. 38 M. microphy'lla (Smith in Rees' cycl. vol. 23. no. 9.) VOL. II. leaves alternate, imbricate, cylindrical, obtuse, somewhat spatu- late ; sjjikes oval on the u])per part of the branches ; calyxes glabrous. 1; . G. Native of New Holland, at King George's Sound. From the flowers being pedicellate, and the bundles of stamens not exceeding the petals, it is therefore perhaps a species of Trisiania or /tsturtea. Small-leaved Melaleuca. Shrub. 39 M. TETRAGON A (Lodd. ex Otto, hort. berol. p. 37.) leaves opposite, decussate, ovate-elliptic, 3-nerved. I^ . G. Native of New Holland. Allied to M. decussate, but the leaves are broader, much less dotted, more remote, and more spreading. Flowers unknown. Tetragonal Melaleuca. Clt. 1820. Shrub 4 to G ft. -|- -j- Species only known by name. Many of them may prove identical with some of those described above. 1 ]\I. divaricata, Donn. 2 M. hispida, Wendl. 3 M. per- forata, Rocusch. 4 M. strieta. Smith. 5 M. trinervia, Smith. C M. pendulhia, Lodd. Cxdt. The greater part of the species of Melaleuca are de- sirable green-house or conservatory plants, their foliage being neat, and in some the blossoms are splendid. Their culture and propagation are the same as recommended for Tristania, see p. 813. XII. LAMA'RCHEA (dedicated to A. M. Lamarchc, a cap- tain in the French navy, formerly lieutenant of the ship Uranic, under captnin Freycenet in his voyage round the world ; and a particular friend of Gaudiehaud's). Gaud, in Freyc. voy. part. bot. p. 183. t. 110. LiN. SYST. Icosandria, Monogynia. Calyx hemispherical, with a 5-parted regular deciduous limb. Petals 5, inserted in the limb of the calyx, obovate-spatulate, ciliately fringed at the apex, campanulately conniving, exceeding the limb of the calyx. Stamens numerous, inserted with the petals, monadelphous, ex- ceeding the corolla. Staniiniferous tube a little arched, divided into 5 polyandrous parts even to the middle. Ovarium globose, free. Style crowned by a subcapitate stigma. Capsule glo- bose, chartaceous, 3-celled, dividing into 3 valves at the dis- sepiments ; placentas 3, fixed to the axis of the capsule. Seeds numerous, cuneated or lanceolate, arched triangular, erectly ascending. — An unarmed tree, with scattered, linear-lan- ceolate, quite entire, 3-nerved, coriaceous leaves. Flowers axil- lary, solitary, sessile, brownish purple, lateral after the leaves have fallen. 1 L. HAKE^FoLiA (Gaud. I. c. t. 484. t. 110.) h . G. Native of the Sandwich Islands ? Hahea-lcaved Lamarchea. Tree. Cult, For culture and propagation see Tristania, p. 813. XIII. EUDE'SMIA (from tv, eu, well, and ieapr}, dcsme, a bundle ; in reference to the stamens being connected into 4 bun- dles). R. Br. in gen. rem. p. 67. t. 3. D. C. prod. 3. p. 216. LiN. SYST. Polyadelphia, Polydndria. Tube of calyx turbi- nate ; limb 4-cleft. Petals closely joined into 4-striped deci- duous hemispherical operculum. Stamens indefinite, joined into 4 polyandrous bundles, which alternate with the teeth of the calyx, and therefore opposite the petals. Capsule 4-celled, 4- valved, opening at the apex. — A New Holland shrub, with tetra- gonal branches. Leaves nearly opposite, broad-lanceolate, co- riaceous, glaucous. Peduncles axillary, bearing umbels of white flowers. 1 E. TETRAG^NA (R. Br. I. c.) Ij . G. Native of New Hol- land, at Lucky Bay. Sweet, fl. austr. t. 21. Lindl. bot. reg. with a figure. y't'^rn^ronaZ-branched Eudesmia. Fl. July, Clt. 1824. Tree 10 to 20 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Trisidnia, p. 813. 5M 818 MYRTACE^, XIV. Eucalyptus. SuBTRiBE II. Euleptospe'rme« (fioiTi cii, Well, and lepto- spermum ; this subtribe contains plants agreeing with Leptosper- mum in the free stamens). D.C. prod. 3. p. 216. Stamens free. XIV. EUCALY'PTUS (from cv, eu, well, and KaXvnru,, kalypto, to cover, as with a lid ; in reference to the limb of the calyx covering the flower before expansion, and afterwards fall- ing off in one piece, in the shape of a lid or cover (f. 118. 6.). Lher. sert. angl. 18. D. C. prod. 3. p. 216. Lin. syst. Icosandria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx perma- nent, obovate or globose (f. 118. a.), cup-shaped ; limb in the form of a lid, entire, cut round regularly at the base, and falling off" in one piece (f. 118. fc.). Petals wanting. Stamens numerous (f. 1 18. f/.), free. Capside 4-celled (f. 118. c), or only 3-celled from abortion, opening at the apex, many-seeded Tall trees, natives of New Holland. Leaves quite entire, coriaceous, usually alternate, rarely opposite, very variable even in the same tree, quite glabrous except in a very few of the species. Pe- duncles axillary, bearing an umbel of from 3-15 flowers. Flowers white. The operculum of the calyx in some, according to Mr. Brown, (gen. rem. p. 08.) is double, the outer in the form of a calyx, and the inner the form of a corolla. There are about 100 species in New Holland (R. Br. gen. rem. p. 15.), of which hardly a half are rightly known. In Van Dieman's Land a manufactory has been established for the preparation of extract of tannin from the bark of various species of Eucalyptus. A considerable quantity of the substance has been recently im- ported into England, and it has been said by tanners to be twice as powerful in its operation as oak-bark. § 1. AlternifoUce {horn alternus, alternate, 3X\A folium, a leaf). Leaves alternate. * Opicrculum conical, longer than the calycine cujmla. 1 E. coRNU^TA (Labill. voy. 1. p. 403. t. 20. nov. holl. 2. t. 221.) opercidum cone-formed, 5 times longer than the cupula; base of style permanent ; flowers capitate at the tops of the terete peduncles ; leaves linear-lanceolate, l^ • Gr. Native of New Holland, in Van Lewin's Land. Horned Eucalyptus. Clt. 1803. Tree 30 ft. 2 E. TERETicoRNis (Smith in Lin. trans. 3. p. 284. nov. holl. 41.) lid conical, terete, quite smooth and membranous, broader, and 3 times longer than the cupula ; umbels lateral ; leaves lanceolate, oblique at the base. Fj . G. Nativeof New Holland. Terete-horned Eucalyptus. Clt. 1804. Tree. 3 E. REsiNiFEUA (Smith in Whit. voy. p. 331. t. 25. ex exot. bot. 2. p. 49. t. 84.) lid conical, terete, coriaceous, twice the length of the cupula ; peduncles of umbel somewhat compres- sed, a little longer than the petioles ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminated, atten\iated at the base, niarginate by a nerve. Tj . G. Native of New Holland. Andr. bot. rep. t. 400. Hayn. arzn. gew. 10. t. 5. Metrosideros gummifera, Gartn. fruct. 1. p. 173. t. 34. f. 1. Leaves full of minute dots. A resin something like kino has been produced from this species, and for all medical purposes full as efficacious. Resin-bearing Eucalyptus or Red Gum-tree. Fl. Apr. July. Clt. 1788. Tree. 4 E. LONGiFOLiA (Link, enum. 2. p. 29. Link et Otto, abbild. t. 45.) lid of caly.N conical ; leaves lanceolate, unequal at the base, long-acuminated, having the acumen incurved, full of pel- lucid dots, and margined by a nerve ; peduncles longer than the petioles. Ij . G. Native of New Holland. Lindl. bot. reg. 941. E. glaucophylla, Hoflm. berz. 1826. p. 114.? Branches red. Leaves usually deflexed. Allied to E. resinifera, but dif- fers in the peduncles being longer. Long-leaved Eucalyptus. Fl. June. Tree. * * Operculum conical, equal in length to the cujnila. 5 E. ROBu'sTA (Smith in Lin. trans. 3. p. 283. spec. nov. holl. p. 39. t. 13.) operculum conical, constricted in the middle, length of the cup, and broader than it ; peduncles lateral and terminal, 2-edged ; pedicels short, compressed ; leaves ovate. '? . G. Native of New Holland. Far. ft, rostrata (Cav. icon. 4. t. 342.) leaves ovate-lanceo- late, acuminated, coriaceous, girded by a marginal parallel nerve. Tj . G. Native of New Holland. E. robusta, Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 480. 7?o6i(s/ Eucalyptus. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1794. Tr. 100 ft. 6 E. margina'ta (Smith in Lin. trans. 6. p. 302.) lid of calyx conical, length of cup ; umbels lateral ; leaves ovate, with thickened margins. h . G. Native of New Holland. Margin of leaves cartilaginous and reddish. Operculum not constricted as in E. robusta, to which it is very nearly allied. il/crr^inate-leaved Eucalyptus. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1794. Tree. 7 E. INCRASSATA (Labill. nov. holl. 2. p. 12. t. 150.) lid of calyx conical, somewhat constricted nearly the length of the cupula ; peduncles axillary, 2-edged, as well as the pedicels, which are short; leaves oblong-lanceolate, thickish, rather acu- minated, girded by a thin nerve, which is parallel with the mar- gin. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, in Van Lewin's Land. Marginal nerve of leaf visible beneath. Lower surface of leaves pale. /"/(/'c^cHerf Eucalyptus. Clt. 1818. Shrub 6 ft. 8 E. PERSiciFOLiA (Lodd. bot. cab. t. 501.) lid of calyx coni- cal, a little shorter than the cupula ; peduncles axillary, 2-edged, length of the petiole ; pedicels short, compressed ; leaves oblong, attenuated at the base, acuminated at the apex, marked with a nearly parallel, very thin nerve on the margin. Tj . G. Native of New Holland. Lodd. bot. cab. 501. Umbels 8-10-flowered. Leaves 3 inches long and 6 lines broad. Var. ft ; leaves a little broader ; peduncles shorter. Eu- calyptus, Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 593. J'ar. y ; leaves a little longer ; peduncles exceeding the pe- tioles a little. E. incrassata, Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 477. E. multiflora, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 594. Peach-leaved Eucalyptus. Fl. Jidy. Clt. 1817. Tree. 9 E. puncta'ta ; lid of calyx conical, longer than the cupula ; peduncles axillary at the tops of the branches, shorter than the petioles, and are, as well as the pedicels, 2-edged ; leaves ob- long, attenuated at the base, acuminated at the apex, dotted be- neath, and girded by a nerve, which is parallel to the margin. ^2 . G. Native of New Holland. Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 623. Leaves more distinctly margined than the preceding. Operculum not constricted in any way. Umbels 4-8-flowered. Dots on the under surface of the leaves blackish. Leaves 3 inches long, and 7-8 lines broad. Do/ted-\caved Eucalyptus. Tree. 10 E. ace'rvula (Sielr. pi. exsic. nov. holl. p. 469.) lid of calyx conical, length of the cupula ; peduncles lateral, shorter than the petioles, and are, as well as the pedicels, 2-edged ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, oblique at the base, and very much cut on one side, acuminated at the apex. I7 . G. Native of New Holland. Leaves 4-5 inches long, and about an inch broad. Umbels 5-10-flowered. Alabastrum or flower-bud 3 lines long. Little-horned Eucalyptus. Tree. 1 1 E. virga'ta (Sieb. 1. c. no. 467.) lid of calyx conical, length of the cupula ; peduncles axillary and lateral, hardly longer than the petioles, and are 2-edged, as well as the pedi- cels ; leaves oblong-linear, acuminated at both ends, thickish, coriaceous, and nearly veinless. h . G. Native of New Hol- land. Leaves 4-6 inches long, and about 6-9 lines broad. Tiviggij Eucalyptus. Tree. 12 E. micra'ntha (D. C. prod. 3. p. 217.) operculum conical, length of the cup ; peduncles angular, length of the petioles, 1 MYRTACEiE. XIV. Eucalyptus. 819 axillary and nearly terminal ; umbels 1.5-20-flowercd ; leaves oblong, coriaceous, attenuated at the base, long-acuminated, with the nerves confluent in front of the margins, h . G. Native of New Holland. Sieb. pi. cxsio. no. 407. Leaves shining on botli surfaces, C-7 inches long, and 1 broad, having the veins feathered. Alabastrum ovoid, smaller tjian that of any other species. Small-floivered Eucalyptus. Tree. 13 E. steliula'ta (Sieb. 1. c. no. 487.) lid conical, length of the cupula ; peduncles lateral, very short, nearly terete ; um- bels lo-20-tlowered ; leaves oblong, tapering to both ends, 3-5- nerved at the base. I;; . G. Native of New Holland. Petioles and peduncles 3 lines long. Leaves 3 inches long, and half an inch broad, rather coriaceous, and a little shining. Flower-bud oblong, tapering to both ends, 2 lines long. Slurry Eucalyptus. Tree. 1-t E. oBLONGA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 217.) lid of calyx conical, length of the cupula ; peduncles lateral and axillary, compres- sed, length of the petioles; umbels 8-12-Howercd ; leaves ob- long, unequal at the base and attenuated, mucronate at the apex, coriaceous, vcinless. \ • ^- Native of New Holland. Sieb. pi. exsic. no. 583. Flower-bud oblong, attenuated at both ends, nearly sessile on the tops of the peduncles, and a little shorter than them. Leaves 3-4 inches long, and 9 lines broad. Oi/o?)jn--leaved Eucalyptus. Tree. 15 E. viMiNALis (Labill. nov. hoU. 2. p. 12. t. 151.) oper- culum conical, hardly acute, length of the cupula ; peduncles axillary and lateral, compressed, shorter than the petioles; flowers sessile, 3 on the top of each peduncle; leaves linear-lanceolate. T; . G. Native of Van Dieman's Land. Capsule hemispherical. Leaves 3 inches long, and 4-5 lines broad. Intermediate be- tween the first and second division of the genus. Ttviggy Eucalyptus. Clt. 1810. Tree. 16 E. capitella'ta (Smith in White, voy. p. 226. icon. nov. hoU. t. 42.) lid of calyx conical, bluntish, length of the cup, which is angular, and somewhat 2-edged ; peduncles lateral ; flowers capitate ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, stift', oblique. f; . G. Native of New Holland. E. triantha. Link, enum. 2. p. 20. and perhaps of .Spreng. syst. 2. p. 501. //c«rffrf- flowered Eucalyptus. Clt. 1804. Tree. 17 E. sali'gna (Smith in Lin. trans. 3. p. 285.) operculum acute, and is, as well as the cup angularly 2-edged ; peduncles lateral, short ; flowers capitate ; leaves linear-lanceolate. H . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers small. Calyx biangular. Fruit turbinate. E. angustifolia, Link, enum. 2. p. 30. ex Spreng. Willony-\ea\eA Eucalyptus. Clt. 1804. Tree. * * * Operculum nearly conical or hemispherical, shorter ihan the cupula. FIG. 118. 18 E. ova'ta (Labill. 1. c. p. 13. t. 153.) lid of calyx hemis- pherical, mucronulate, shorter than the cup ; peduncles axillary, and somewhat terminal, nearly terete, shorter than the petioles ; flowers 3-5-together, capitate ; leaves ovate, mucronate, a little crenated. f; . G. Native of New Holland, in Van Lewin's Land. Leaves coriaceous, some entire, and others irregularly crenated. E. mucronita. Link, enum. 2. p. 30. E. androsemi- folia, HoflTm. verz. 1S2G. Pe- tioles half an inch long. Limb of leaves 3-4 inches lonu, and 1-2 broad. 0««t\is. Clt. 1823. Tree. 50 E. MYRTii'OLiA (Link, enum. 2. p. 30.) leaves alternate, on long petioles, ovate, acute, reticulated, dotted ; lateral nerves connected before the margins. I7 . G. Nativeof New Holland. Petioles 3-4-lines long. Leaves 20-21 lines long, and nearly an inch broad. Myrtle-leaved Euca\yi)Uis. Clt. 1823. Tree. 51 E. elongata (Link, 1. c.) leaves alternate, lanceolate, reticulately veined, coriaceous, ending in a filiform acumen each. Ij . G. Native of New Holland. Petioles 8 lines long. Leaves 4-5 inches long, and 10-12 lines broad. Perhaps the same as E. cornuta, or perhaps E. pcrsicifblia. 822 MYRTACEiE. XIV. Eucalyptus. XV. Angophora. XVI. Callistemon. Elongated Euca\yiptus. Clt. 1823. Tree. 52 E. me'dia (Link, 1. c.) leaves alternate, lanceolate, long- acuminated, obovate, and oblique at the base, with the nerves parallel beneath. fj . G. Native of New Holland. Petioles half an inch long. Leaves C-7 inches long, and from 1-2 inches broad. Intermedidte 'Eucalyinus. Clt. 1823. Tree. 53 E. reticula'ta (Link, 1. c.) leaves alternate, lanceolate, acuminated, somewhat ovate at the base, oblique, reticulately veined beneath. Tj . G. Native of New Holland. Leaves 6-7 inches long and 2 or more broad. Reticulaled-\ea\ed Eucalyptus. Clt. 1823. Tree. 54 E. umbeila'ta (Duni. Cours. bot. cult. 7. p. 279.) leaves alternate, ovate, rather crenated, nnicronate, stiffish. I; . G. Native of New Holland. Branches terete, brown. Leaves 4-5 inches long and 2-5 inches broad. Nearly allied to E. ovata. Umhellate-Rowered Eucalyptus. Tree. ■f The following names occur in the gardens, but they are all 2)erhaps synonymous nith those described above. 1 E. orbicularis, Lodd. 2 E. pulchella, Lodd. 3 E, albi- caiilis, Hort. 4 E. cotinifolia, Lodd. 5 E. undulitta, Hort. 6 E. (data, Hort. Cult. For culture and propagation see 7V«irtn?a, p. 813. XV. ANGO'PHORA {irom ayyoQ, angos, a vessel, and (^optw, jihoreo, to bear; form of fruit). Cav. icon. 4. p. 21. D. C. prod. 3. p. 222. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Monogi^nia. Tube of calyx turbi- nate, marked with 5 prominent ribs ; limb of 5 permanent teeth. Petals 5. Stamens indefinite, free; anthers ovate. Style fili- form. Capsule covered by the corticate calyx, obovate, trun- cate, 3-celled, 3-valved. Seeds solitary, or few in the cells. — Australian shrubs, with opposite leaves, rarely with the rameal ones ternate. Flowers white. 1 A. coRDiroLiA (Cav. 1. c. t. 338.) leaves sessile, ovate, cor- date at the base, and are glabrous as well as the branches ; peduncles and branchlets clothed with bristles or stiff hairs. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, near Port Jackson. Metro- sideros hispida. Smith, in Lin. trans. 3. p. 207. Sieb.pl. exsic. no. 471. Sims. bot. mag. t. 1960. Metrosideros hirsilta, Andr. bot. rep. t. 281. Metros, anomala. Vent. malm. t. 2. Met. cordifblia and M. hispida, Pers. encli. 2. p. 25. Eucalyptus hirsiita. Link, enum. hort. berol. 2. p. 31. Flowers rather large, yellowish or whitish. Heart-leaved Angoi^hoia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1789. Sh. 7 to 10 feet. 2 A. interme'dia (D. C. prod. 3. p. 222.) leaves on short petioles, elliptic-oblong, and are as well as the branches gla- brous ; peduncles hispid from bristles. Pj . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers one half smaller than those of the preceding species. Intermediate Angophora. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 3 A. lanceola'ta (Cav. 1. c. t. 339.) leaves petiolate, lan- ceolate, acuminate, glabrous, as well as the branches and pedun- cles, fj . G. Native of New Holland, near Port Jackson. Metrosideros splendens, Gsertn. fr. 1. p. 171. t. 34. f. 7. Me- laleuca costata, Roeusch. Metrosideros eost^ta and lanceoliita, Pers. ench. 2. p. 25. Like the two preceding species, this varies with opposite and alternate leaves. Znnceo/a/e-leaved Angophora. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. Cult. See Metrosideros for culture and propagation. XVL CALLLSTE'MON(wiUiCTroc, kalUstos, beautiful, and (rTrjjiwy, stemon, a stamen ; in most of the species the stamens are of a beautiful scarlet colour). R. Br. in bot. reg. no. 393. D. C. prod. 3. p. 222.— Metrosideros species of authors. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Monogijnia. Tube of calyx half spherical ; limb 5-parted, with the lobes obtuse. Petals 5 (f. 119. b). Stamens numerous (f. 119. c); filaments free. Style filiform. Stigma capitate (f. 119. c). Capsule 3-celled (f. 119. /.), many-seeded, inclosed, and connate with the thickened tube of the calyx, which is adnate to the branches. — New Holland shrubs, having the inflorescence rising from the old branches in crowded spikes, as in the species of Melaleuca ; but with the stamens free, as in Metrosideros. Leaves elongated, stiff, alter- nate, usually lanceolate. * Filaments of stamens yellowish. 1 C. piNiFOLiuM (D. C. prod. S. p. 223.) leaves linear-fili- form, acerose, stiff, mucronate, channelled, scabrous ; calyxes glabrous. ^i . G. Native of New Holland. Metrosideros pinifolia, Wendl. coll. 1. p. 5S. t. 16. Willd. enum. 513. Metro, viriditlora, Cels. Nois. but not of Sims. Petals greenish, oval. Stamens of a dirty yellow ish green colour, thrice the length of the petals. Fine-leaved Ca\]\s,icmon. Fl. June, Jul. Clt.? Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 2 C. viridifl6rum (D. C. 1. c.) leaves linear-lanceolate, stiff, pungent, beset with scabrous dots, rather villous when young as well as the branches ; calyx glabrous. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, on the east coast. Metrosideros viridiflora, Sims, bot. mag. 2602. Petals and stamens greenish yellow. Filaments deflexed, 4-times the length of the corolla, ex Sims. Fruit globose ; limb of calyx deciduous. Green-Jiomered Callistemon. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 3 C. sali'gnum (D. C. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, mucronate, glabrous in the adult state, with the mid- dle nerve feather-veined, and the lateral nervules approximating the margins ; calyxes glabrous. Tj . G. Native of New Hol- land. Metrosideros saligna. Smith, in Lin. trans. 3. p. 272. Vent. hort. eels. t. 70. Bonpl. nav. t. 4. Sieb. pi. exsic. no. 320. Flowers pale yellow. Stamens hardly 3-times the length of the petals, which are roundish. Willowy Callistemon. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1788. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 4 C. lopha'nthum (Sweet, fl. aust. t. 29.) leaves lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, mucro- nate, 1 -nerved, and feather - veined, glabrous in the adult state, but villous when young as well as the branches ; flowers distinct, spicate, nearly terminal ; calyx pilose ; petals rather pu- bescent, ciliated ; ovary densely clothed with down ; capsule dis- tinct. Ij . G. Native of New Holland. Metrosideros lophan- tha. Vent. hort. eels. t. 69. Me- tro, saligna, Sims, bot. mag. 1821. Flowers straw-coloured. Crest -flowered Callistemon. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1806. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. 5 C. leptosta'chyum (Sweet, fl. aust. no. 29.) leaves lanceo- late, acute, mucronate, attenuated at both ends, full of dots, 1- nerved, and feather-veined, glabrous in the adult state, when young clothed with silky tomentum as well as the branches ; spikes long, slender ; calyx pilose ; petals pubescent, ciliated ; ovaries smoothish ; capsules crowded. ^ . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers greenish yellow. FIG. 119. MYRTACE/E. XVI. Callistemon. XVII. Metrosideros. 823 Slender-spiked Callistemon. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1S20. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. fi C. pa'llidhm (D. C. prod. 3. p. 223.) leaves obovate-ob- long, glaucous, mucronate, glabrous in the adult state, with the lateral nerves hardly evident ; calyxes glnbrous. Ij . G. Na- tive of New Holland. Metrosidi!ros pallida, Uonpl. nav. p. 101. t. 41. Metro, austrilis, K. Br. niss. Very like the preceding species, and hardly distinct. Flowers pale yellowish green. /'n/f-flowered Callistemon. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 7 C. Siebe'hi (D. C. 1. c.) leaves linear, almost nerveless, and with the midrib hardly prominent, clothed with silky villi when young, but glabrous in the adult state ; the lateral nerves wanting ; caly.\es pubescent. ^ . G. Native of New Hol- land. Myrtacea, Sieb. pi. exsic. no. 637. Stamens a little longer than the petals. Sieber's Callistemon. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. * * Filaments of stamens scarlet. 8 C. Rt'ciDUM (R. Br. in hot. reg. t. 393.) leaves linear or lanceolate, flat, stiff, very acute, mucronate, smooth ; calyxes pubescent. fj . G. Native of New Holland. Metrosid^ros linearis, Willd. enum. p. 513. but not of Willd. spec. Metros, viminiilis, Hort. berol. Perhaps the same as Metros, viminalis, Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 171. t. 34. Lam. ill. t. 421. f. 6. Smith, in Lin. trans. 3. p. 273. Flowers crimson. ^<(//' Callistemon. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1800. Sh. 4 to 8 ft. 9 C. linea're (D. C. prod. 3. p. 223.) leaves linear, stiff, acute, keeled beneath, channelled above, villous while young ; calyxes clothed with velvety pubescence, f^ . G. Native of New Holland. Metrosideros linearis, Smith, in Lin. trans. 2. p. 273. Willd. spec. 2. p. 953. Melaleuca linearis, Wendl. et Schrad. sert. hann. t. 11. Metrosideros calyculAtus, Sieb. pi. nov. holi. exsic. no. 545. Callistemon piingens, Hort. Style longer than the stamens. Lobes of calyx almost orbicular, fall- ing off after Howering. Fruit globose. Z/near-leaved Callistemon. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1788. Sh. 4 to 6 feet. 10 C. RCGULOSUM (D. C. 1. c.) leaves linear-lanceolate, stiff, mucronate, flat, tubercled on the disk, and scabrous on the mar- gins, 3-nerved ; lateral nerves approximating the margin of the leaf; fruit glabrous. I; . G. Native of New Holland. Me- trosideros rugulosa, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 31. without a de- scription. Metrosideros scubra, Coll. hort. ripul. p. 71. Metro, glandulosa, Desf. hort. par. M. macro-punctatum, Dum. Cours. bot. cult. 7. p. 277. Callistemon sciibruin, Lodd. hot. cab. 1283. Stamens scarlet. Botighis/i -leaved Callistemon. Fl. Mar. June. CI. 1821. Sh. 4 to 6 feet. lie. LiNEARiFOLiuM (D. C.) leaves linear-lanceolate, stiff, mucronate, flat, having the middle nerve finely feather-nerved : the lateral nerves confused with the entire margin of the leaves ; lube of calyx villous, (j . G. Native of New Hol- land. Metrosideros linearif olia, Link, enum. 2. p. 26. Stamens scarlet. Linear-leaved CulUstemon. Fl. Mar. June. Clt. 1820. Sh. 5 to 8 feet. 12 C. lanceola'tlm (D. C. I. c.) leaves lanceolate, mucro- nate, attenuated at both ends ; having the midrib rather pro- minent and feather-nerved ; the lateral nerves approximating the margins of the leaves ; calyxes pubescent, fj . G. Native of New Holland. Metrosideros lanceolata, Smith, in Lin. trans. 3. p. 27-'. Pers. ench. 2. p. 24. no. 15. but not no. 11. Metro, citrina. Curt. bot. mag. 2C0. Stamens scarlet. Lance . G. Native at Port Jackson. CoriaccoHs-lcaved Iron-wood. Shrub. 28 M. ? DECORA (Salisb. I. c.) leaves alternate, dense, on very short petioles, lanceolate, mucronulate, coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces in the adult state. ^ . G. Nativeat Port Jackson. A'eat Iron-wood. Shrub. 29 M. ? scARiosA (Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. p. 139.) leaves scattered, lanceolate, with scarious margins ; branchlets pubes- cent. ^2 • G. Native country unknown. Scarious-li^awd Iron-wood. Shrub. * • • Species entirely undescribed. 30 M. connala, Desf. hort. par. 31 M. plinicefdlia, Desf. I.e. S2 M. nana, Gmel. hort. Carls. N.B. Mctrosideros macroplnjlla of Lam. ill. t. 421. f. 1. Poir. suppl. 3. p. 086 is the same as Sarcol'>n('> a seed ; in reference to the seeds being VOL. II. small and narrow). Forst. gen. p. .'i6. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p- 174. t. 35. Smith, in Lin. trans. 3. p. 260. Cav. icon. 4. p. 16. Leptospermum, sect. 2. Euleptospermum, D. C. prod. 3. p. 227. LiN. SYST. Icosdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx rather turbinate ; limb 5-cleft, with the lobes triangular and valvate. Petals 5. Stamens 20-30, free, shorter than the petals. Style filiform ; stigma capitate. Capsule 4-5-celled. Seeds oblong, small.— New Holland shrubs, with alternate, quite entire.dotted, small leaves. Flowers pedicellate, solitary, scattered, white. 1 L. EMAUGINA^TUM (Weudl. Kl. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 491.) leaves linear-oblong, emarginate, obscurely 5-nervcd ; calycine teeth membranous, coloured. Ij . G. Native of New Holland. Melaleiica nervosa, Hort. ex Link, enum. 2. p. 25. /^)n«rj!T(Ha/t'-leaved Leptospermum. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 2 L. obova'tum (Sweet, fl. aust. t. 36.) leaves obovate, emar- ginate, obscurely 3-5-nerved, glabrous ; branches angular, a little winged ; calyxes glabrous ; with the teeth coloured. Ij . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers white. Ohovate-\ea.\edi Leptospermum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? Sh. 3 to 6 feet. 3 L. sERi'cEn&i (Labill. nov. holl. 2. p. 9. t. 147.) leaves obovate, mucronate, 3-5-nerved, silky on both surfaces as well as the calyxes ; lobes of calyx permanent. 1; . G. Native of Van Dicman's Land. Flowers white. -S'/7/:)/ Leptospermum. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 4 L. tibercula'tum (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 338.) leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, dotted beneath and finely 3-nerved, gla- brous in the adult state, but clotiied witli silky pubescence when young, as well as the branchlets; calyxes silky, but when in fruit glabrous. Ij . G. Native of New Holland, about Port Jackson. L. stellatum, Cav. icon. 4. p. 16. t. 330. ? The margin of the calyx is said to be entire by Cavanilles, in his diagnosis, but from his description, as well as from the figure, it is acutely 5-cleft. The petals are yellow, according to Cav., but according to the specimen white. Var. ft, suhenirve (D. C. prod. 3. p. 227) leaves 1-nerved, or almost nerveless. 7'«terc«/«r Leptosjiermum. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1816. Sh. 4 to 6 feet. 5 L. GRANDiFLORUii (Smith, in Lin. trans. 6. p. 299.) leaves lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, mucronate; calyxes villous, with coloured teeth ; bracteas gemmaceous, permanent. 1^ . G. Native of New Holland. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1810. Lodd. hot. cab. t. 701. Flowers large, white, about the size of those of Fab ricia Icevigdla. Leaves pubescent when young, but gla- brous in the adult state. Gren/-^o?!'frfrf Leptospermum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1803. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 6 L. LANiGERUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 182. but not of Wijld.) leaves oblong or oval, mucronate, pubescent on both surfaces or only beneath, obsoletely 3-nerved ; branchlets villous ; calyxes very villous, from spreading pili. I; . G. Na- tive of Van Dieman's Land and New Holland. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1192. Philadelphus laniger, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol.2, p. 156. Flowers white. far. ft,pube.scens (D. C. prod. 3. p. 227.) leaves smaller, and rather oblique. 1; . G. Gathered with the species. Philadelphus laniger/^, jiiliger. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol.2, p. 156. L. pubescens, Willd. spec. 2. p. 650. Not diflfering from the species, unless in the leaves being rather smaller. Both liave their leaves sometimes nearly glabrous in the gardens ; but always to be known by the liairy calyx. //V)o/-t(Y/»-;nn^ Leptospermum. I'l. Ju. Jid. Clt. 1774. Sh. 3 to 6 feet. 5 N 826 MYRTACE/E. XVIII. Leptospermum. 7 L. trine'rve (White, joiirn. 229. with a figure) leaves ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved ; calyx clothed with adpressed silky villi ; calycine teeth foliaceous, permanent. T2 . G. Native of New Holland. Leptospermum lanigerum, var. Smith, in Lin. trans. 3. p. 263. Wilid. spec. 2. p. 949. Flowers white. Three-nerved-\evL\'eA Leptospermum. Shrub 4 to G ft. 8 L. scopa'rium (Smith, in Lin. trans. 3. p. 262.) leaves ovate, iTMicronate, obsoletely 3-nerved ; calyxes glabrous ; calycine teeth membranous, coloured. I; . G. Native of New Zealand and New Holland, on the sea-shore. Andr. bot. rep. 622. Philadeiphus sco- parius. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 15G. Melaleuca scoparia, Wendl. sert. hann. p. 25. t. 15. Flowers white. The leaves of this species were used by Captain Cook's ships' crews as tea, whence they named it the tea-plant. They have a very agree- able bitter flavour, with a pleasant smell when fresh, but lose something of both when dry. A strong infusion of them proved emetic to some, in the same manner as green tea. They were also used with spruce leaves in equal quantity to correct their astringency, in brewing beer from them, and they rendered the beer exceedingly palateable. Var. a, linifdlium (D. C. prod. 3. p. 227.) leaves lanceolate. Tj . G. Native of New Zealand. L. scoparium, Forst. gen. 36. trav. I. t. 22. Melaleuca scoparia diosmatifolia, Wendl. I. c. f. 1. L. squarrosum, Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 174. Var. ft, myrtifolium (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate-elliptic. Ij . G. Native of New Holland. Wendl. 1. c. f. 2. Philadeiphus flo- ribtindus, Roem. et Ust. mag. 7. t. 2. Var. 7, rubrkaule (D. C. prod. 3. p. 227.) leaves flattish, hardly 3-nerved. tj . G. R. rubricaule, Link, enum. 2. p. 25. Broom Leptospermum or New Zealand Tea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1772. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 9 L. flave'scens (Smith, 1. c. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 181.) leaves linear-lanceolate, obtuse, 1-nerved, dotted; calyxes glabrous ; calycine teeth membranous, at length deci- duous. ^2 ■ G. Native of New Holland. L. thea, Willd. L. flavescens, Willd. spec. 2. p. 949. Hook, bot. mag. 2695. Melaleuca thea, Wendl. sert. hann. 1. p. 24. t. 14. L. polyga- lasfolium, Salisb. prod. p. 3. Flowers white, but yellowish in a dried state. Wendlend says the leaves are 3-nerved, and in the Hortus Kewensis they are said to be nerveless, but in the spe- cimens examined they are 1-nerved, as in the figure of Wendland. Yellowish Leptospermum. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1788. Sh. 4 to 6 feet. 10 L. GNiDi^FOLiUM (D. C. prod. 3. p. 228.) leaves linear- lanceolate, acutish, 3-nerved, dotless ; calyxes covered with silky villi ; calycine teeth smoothish, and coloured a little, fj . G. Native of New Holland. L. pendulum, Sieb. Flowers white. Gnidia-leaved Leptospermum. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 11 L. porophy'llum (Cav. icon. 4. p. 17. t. 330. f. 2.) leaves oblanceolate, acutish, 1-nerved, densely dotted, glabrous ; calyxes silky, with the teeth acute, h . G. Native of New Holland. In the figure of this plant, given by Cavanilles, the teeth of the calyx are deciduous, and the pubescence of the calyx is not taken any notice of, but it is probably the same. Flowers white. Porous-leaved Leptospermum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 12 L. PARViroLiuM (Smith, in Lin. trans. 3. p. 263.) leaves oblong-obovate, nerveless, dotted, glabrous ; calyxes villous, with the teeth membranous and coloured. Jj . G. Native of New Holland. L. eriocalyx, Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 313. Branches villous when young, but at length becoming glabrous. Leaves 2 lines long. Flowers white. Small-leaved Leptospermum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1789. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 13 L. MYRTIFOLIUM (Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 314,)leaves 1 obovate-oblong, 3-nerved, dotted, rather pubescent while young; calyxes clothed with silky villi ; with the lobes membranous, coloured, and pubescent. Tj . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers sohtary, sessile, yellowish when in a- dry state. Myrtle-leaved Leptospermum. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 14 L. attenua'tum (Smith, in Lin. trans. 3. p. 262.) leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved ; calyx clothed with silky villi ; with the teeth membranous, coloured, and nearly glabrous. Jj . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers for the most part 2 on a short silky peduncle. Perhaps L. glomeratum, Wendl. in flor. 1819. p. 678. and L. resinijerum, Bertol. amoen. p. 28. diflfers from the present plant. Flowers white. ^<(e?i«a;e(/-leaved Leptospermum. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1795. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 15 L. MULTiFLORUM (Cav. icon. 4. p. 17. t, 331. f. 1.) leaves linear, attenuated, acuminated, 1-nerved, dotless; calyxes gla- brous, with the lobes deciduous. f? . G. Native of New Hol- land. Flowers white. Alamj-Jlowered Leptospermum. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 16 L. THYMiFOLiuM (Cunningh. in Field's new south wales, p. 3 49.) rather villous; leaves oval, obtuse, flattish; flowers axillary, solitary, or twin ; segments of the calyx deciduous. f; . G. Native of New Holland, growing in swampy forest land on the Macquarie River. r/iywie-Zcnred Leptospermum. Clt. 1824. Shrub. 1 7 L. MULTicAULE (Cuuniug. 1. c.) silky ; leaves oval, or ovate- lanceolate ; teeth of calyx coloured. f; . G. Native of New Holland, in barren bushy hills, near Bathurst. Alany-stemmed Leptospermum. Clt. ? Shrub. 18 L. OBLiQuuM (Coll. hort. ripul. append. 2. p. 351.) leaves oblique, sessile, linear-lanceolate, attenuated at the base, and mucronate at the apex, dotted, pale beneath ; stem reddish, branched. Ij . G. Native of New Holland. Nearly allied to L. multiflorum. Flowers white. 06/(5r«e-leaved Leptospermum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 19 L. jUNiPERiNUM (Smith, in Lin. trans. 3. p. 263.) leaves linear-lanceolate, pungent, 1-nerved, silky while young as well as the branchlets ; calyx glabrous, with membranous, coloured teeth. h • G. Native of New Holland. Vent. malm. t. 89. L. recurvifolium, Salisb. prod. p. 350. Melaleuca tenuif oiia, Wendl. obs. p. 50. ex Willd. Flowers white. Juniper-like Leptospermum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1790. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 20 L. bacca'tum (Smith, 1. c.) leaves linear-lanceolate, pun- gent, 1-nerved, but 3-nerved at the very base ; branches hairy ; calyxes glabrous : with coloured, pubescent teeth ; capsule bac- cate. Ij . G. Native of New Holland. L, juniperifolium, Cav. icon. 4. p. 18. t. 331. f. 2. Flowers white. Berry-£rmted Leptospermum. Fl. July. Clt. 1790. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 21 L. ARACHNOiDEUM (Smith, 1. c.) leaves subulate, pungent; branchlets hairy ; tube and teeth of calyx villous ; capsule 5- celled. h . G. Native of New Holland. L. arachnoides, Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 174. t. 35. f. 3. Lara. diet. 3. p. 466. Me- laleiica arachnoidea, Rseusch. Flowers white. Co6?i'ei6erf Leptospermum. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1795. Sh. 2 to 3 feet. 22 L. trilocula're (Vent. malm. t. 84.) leaves linear, pun- gent, dotted, ciliated ; calyx clothed with silky villi, both on tube and teeth ; capsule 3-5-celled ; stamens 15. T; . G. Na- tive of New Holland. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 791. Bracteas gem- maceous, permanent, glabrous. Leaves usually twisted ob- liquely, 1-nerved, hardly 3-nerved at the base. Flowers white. Three-celled-tTiiited Leptospermum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. MYRTACE/E. XVIII. Li:i"Tosperml'M. XIX. Billotia. XX. Fabricia. XXI. B.eckea. 827 23 L. Du BiuM (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 492.) leaves linear, very narrow, bluntish ; teeth of calyx glabrous, green. I^ . G. Native of New Holland. Tlio rest unknown. Doubtful Leptospennum. Shrub. 24 L. PENDULiM (Sicb. ])1. exsic. nov. holl. no. 312.) leaves linear, acute, wlien young silky, but glabrous in the adult state, dotted, 1 -nerved; calyx clothed with silky villi, both on the tube and lobes. I^ . G. Native of New Holland. Branches twiggy, flexile, glabrous. PeH(/«/oHi Lcptospernium. Fl. Ju. Jul. CIt. ? Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 25 L. SQUAUKOSUM (Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. ex Spreng. syst. addend, p. 1 94.) leaves lanceolate, acute, sqiiarrose, stiff", gla- brous, but when young silky beneath ; calyx sessile, glabrous, coloured, obtuse. h . G. Native of New Holland. Squarruse Leptospermum. Shrub 4 to C ft. 26 L. ericoca'lvx (Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. ex Spreng. syst. add.) leaves small, spatulate, quite glabrous, dotted ; calyxes nearly sessile, clothed with silky wool. T; . G. Native of New tlolland. Hairy-calyxed Leptospermum. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. + Species not siiffitiently knuivn. 27 L. ? umbella'tum (Geertn. fruct. 1. p. 174. t. 35. f. 3.) flowers umbellate ; capsule girded by a circular margin in the middle. ^ . G. Native of New Holland. Perhaps this plant does not belong to the present genus, but it is not sufficiently known. t'mic//a/e flowered Leptospermum. Shrub. 28 L. ? imbrica'tuji (Smith, in Lin. trans. 6. p. 300.) leaves obovate, imbricate, nerveless ; branches and calyxes glabrous ; calvciue teeth membranous, coloured, keeled. Ij . G. Native of New Holland. Perhaps a species of Bce'ckca. Flowers white. /m6)-(C(j/e-leaved Leptospermum. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1823. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 29 L. Amboixe'nse (D. C. prod. 3. p. 229.) leaves linear- lanceolate ; flowers pedicellate, solitary ; calycine lobes deci- duous. Tj . S. Native of Amboyna. Myrtus Amboinensis, Rumpli. amb. 2. t. 18. Perhaps a species of Bce'ckea, but the leaves are said to be scattered, and the stamens 23 in number. Amboyna Leptospermum. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation, see Callistemum, p. 823. All the species are pretty shrubs when in flower. XIX. BILLO'TIA (dedicated to Madame Tecaphila Biiloti, of Turin, a famous botanical artist). R. Br. but not of Colla. hort. rip. t. 23. Leptospermum, sect. 1. Aconis, D. C. prod. 3. p. 226. Lin. syst. Icosandria, Monogijnia. Tube of calyx rather turbinate; limb 5-cleft ; lobes valvate. Petals 5. Stamens 10-30, free, shorter than the petals. Style filiform ; stigma ca- pitate. Ca])sule 3-celled. — New Holland shrubs, with alternate, entire, dotted, small leaves. Flowers white, sessile, densely crowded into globose heads. 1 B. marginalia ; flowers capitate ; leaves obovate-oblong, edged with white, ciliated, 3-nerved ; lateral nerves obsolete at the apex, distant from the margin. ^ . G. Native of New Holland, in Van Lewin's Land, at the Straits of d'Entrecasteaux. Leptospermum marginatum, Labill. nov. holl. 2. p. 10. t. 148. Stamens 10, but the habit of the shrub is like that of the other species. I'ar. ft, glabrala (D. C. prod. 3. p. 226.) leaves nearly gla- brous. Jj . G. Fabricia angustif olia. Otto, in litt. yT/«r^'iH«/e-leaved Billotia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Sh. 4 to 6 feet. 2 B. FLEXUosA ; flowers capitate ; leaves linear-lanceolatei acuminated at both ends, glabrous, 3-nerved ; lateral nerves approximating the margin even to the apex ; branches flexuous, glabrous. h . G. Native of New Holland, on the east coast, at Geography Bay and in Kangaroo Island. Leptospermum flex- u6sum, Spreng. nov. prov. 25. no. 51. Link, enum. hort. berol. 2. p. 2G. Coll. hort. ripul. append. 1. p. 111. t. 2. Metrosi- deros flexuosa, Willd. enum. p. 514. Flowers white. /Vea'wo«s-branched Billotia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823. Sh. 4 to 6 feet. 3 B. LiNEABiFOLiA ; flowcrs Capitate; leaves linear-lanceo- late, acute at both ends, nearly nerveless, glabrous in the adult state, but when young villous as well as the branches. \ . G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern coast, in Decrc's Island. Leptospermum linearifolium, D. C. prod. 3. p. 226. Flowers white. Linear-leaved Billotia. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. Cidt. For culture and propagation see Fabricia. XX. FABRI'CIA (in honour of J. C. Fabricius, the cele- brated Danish entomologist). Ga;rtn. fruct. 1. p. 175. t. 35. Smith, in Lin. tians. 3. p. 265. D. C. prod. 3. p. 229. LiN. SYST. Icosandria, Monogynia. Calyx semi-superior, 5-cleft ; with a campanulate tube and valvate lobes. Petals 5, sessile. Stamens indefinite, free. Stigma capitate. Capsule many-celled, girded by the adnate, permanent calyx ; cells open- ing at the apex. Seeds few, winged. — Australian shrubs, with alternate, glaucescent, obovate, dotted leaves ; and axillary, soli- tary, white flowers, on short pedicels. i F. myrtifo'lia (Gaertn. 1. c.) cells of capsule 2-3-seeded ; calycine teeth nearly orbicular ; leaves silky when young. \ . G. Native of New South Wales. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1304. Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 309. F. seiicea, Nois. 3 fyt tie-leaved Fiihncia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1788. Shrub G to 10 feet. 2 F. l;eviga"ta (Gaertn. 1. c.) cells of capsule 5-8-seeded ; calycine teeth triangular ; leaves glabrous when young. f^ . G. Native of New Holland, about Port Jackson. Smooth Fabricia. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1788. Sh. 3 to 6 ft. 3 F. STRi'cTA (Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1219.) the figure and de- scription of this plant are so insufficient, as not to admit of us giving a description of it ; and the plant is now lost in the gar- dens. ^ . G. Native of New Holland. ^^;-a/^/;/ Fabricia. Fl. April, Ju. Clt. 1827. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. Cull. The species of Fabricia are well fitted for a conserv- atory, as they do not flower until they have attained a consider- able size. A mixture of loam and peat is the best soil for them. Cuttings taken from young wood root readily, if planted in a pot of sand, with a bell-glass placed over them. XXI. BiE'CKEA (in honour of Abraham Bceck, a Swedish physician, and much esteemed friend of Linnaeus, who received the' B.fruicscens from him). Lin. gen. 491. R. Br. gen. rem. 16. D. C. prod. 3. p. 229. — Bae'ckea and Ji'mgia, Ga;rt. fruct. 1. p. 157. and 175. — Imbriciria and Bae'ckea, Smith, in Lin. trans. 3. p. 258. — Mollia, Gniel. Lin. syst. Pcnta-Dccdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx turbinate; limb 5-cleft, permanent. Petals 5. Stamens 5-10, shorter than the petals. Style filiform ; stigma capitate. Cap- sule 2-5-cel!ed, many-seeded, inclosed in the calyx. — Shrubs, with opposite, glabrous, dotted leaves. Flowers pedicellate, small, white. In />'. virgata the filaments are glandular at the tops and probably in the others. I B. FRUTESCENS (Lin. spec. p. 514.) leaves linear, awnless ; jicdicels axillary, 1 -flowered ; calycine teeth membranous, co- loured. '; . G. Native of China. Osbeck, trav. p. 251. t. 1. 5 n2 828 MYRTACEiE. XXI. Bsckea. Smitli, in Lin. trans. 3. p. 260. B. Chinensis, Ga;itn. fruct. 1 . p. 157. t. 31. Capsule 3-celled. Shruhhij Bffickea. Fl. Sept. Dec. Clt. 1806. Sli. 2 to 3 ft. 2 B. pa'rvula (D. C. prod. 3. p. 229.) leaves elliptic-oblong, obtuse, rather mucronate ; peduncles axillary, umbelliferous. ^ . G. Native of New Caledonia. Leptospernium parvulum, Labill. sert. caled. p. 62. t. 61. Capsule 3-celled. Stamens 10. Small Bfeckea. Shrub 1 foot. 3 B. virga'ta (Andr. bot. rep. t. 598.) leaves linear-lanceo- late ; peduncles axillary, umbelliferous. Ij . G. Native of New Caledonia. Sims, bot. mag. 2127. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 341. Colla, hort. ripul. t. 6. Leptospermum virgatum, Forst. gen. p. 3C. Smith, in Lin. trans. 3. p. 265. Melaleuca virgilta, Lin. fil. suppl. t. 313. Stamens 5-10. Twiggy Bxcke^i. Fl . Aug. Oct. Clt. 1806. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 4 B. piNiFoiiA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves long, linear, acuminated, nerveless ; peduncles axillary, 3-flowered, longer than the leaves. T^ . G. Native of New Caledonia. Leptospermum pinif olium, Labill. sert. caled. p. 63. t. 62. Stamens 10. Capsule 3-celled. Pine-leaved Bseckea. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 5 B. LiNiFOLiA (Rudge, in Lin. trans. 8. p. 297. t. 12.) leaves linear, long, mucronate; pedicels short, axillary, 1-flowered. I? . G. Native of New Holland, about Port Jackson. B. tri- chophy'lla, Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 280. Leaves 6-8 lines long, distant. Flax-leaved 'RseckeA. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 6 B. DIFFUSA (Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 276.) leaves linear, ciliately crenulated, nerveless, acutish ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, about the length of the leaves, with 2 bracteoles under the flower. I^ . G. Native of New Holland. The 2 bracteoles are just under the flower-bud at first, but at last in the middle of the peduncle, in consequence of its elongation. Segments of calyx obtuse, and ciliately crenulated. Var. /3, striata (D. C. prod. 3. p. 230.) leaves striated length- wise. Tj ■ Gi. Native of New Holland. Perhaps a proper species. Habit stiffer. Diffuse Bceckea. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 7 B. DENsiFOLiA (Smith in Lin. trans. 3. p. 260.) leaves linear- subulate, acerose, crowded on the branches, quadrifariously im- bricated, each terminated by a short, somewhat deflexed deci- duous mucrone. Pj . G. Native of New Holland. Bae'ckea fasciculata, .Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 260. Leaves 2-3 lines long. Calyx not ciliated. Dense-leaved Bseckea. Fl. Aug. Oct. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 8 B. gra'cilis (Cunningh. in Field's new south wales, p. 349.) leaves linear, obtuse, imbricated in 4 rows ; stem branched, erectish ; flowers capitate, terminal, and lateral. I^ . G. Native of New Holland, in arid rocky situations. A slender shrubby plant. Slender Bccckea. Clt. 1826. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 9 B. RAMosi'ssiMA (Cunuingh. in Field's new south wales, p. 249.) much branched, diffiise ; leaves lanceolate-linear, acutish, spreading, with scabrous margins ; teeth of calyx coloured, ciliated ; flowers solitary, axillary, pedunculate, bibracteate. T; . G. Native of New Holland, on the Blue Mountains. Much-hranehed Ba^ckea. Clt. 1821-. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 10 B. pulche'lla (D. C. prod. 3. p. 230.) leaves linear, acute, crowded in the axils and on the branchlets ; pedicels axil- lary, l-flowered, bractless, length of the leaves. Ij . G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern coast. Leaves crowded, spread- ing. Flowers innumerable. Neat Ba3ckea. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 11 B. DiosMiFOLiA (Rudge in Lin. trans. 8. p. 298. t. 13.) leaves oblong, rather cuneated, keeled, acute, crowded, imbri- cate, and are, as well as the calyxes, ciliated ; flowers axillary, solitary, approximate, sessile. T; . G. Native of New Holland. Myrtacea, Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 585. Diosma-leaved Bseckea. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 12 B. camphora'ta (R. Br. ex Sims, bot. mag. t. 2694.) quite glabrous ; leaves loosely imbricated in 4 rows, obovate-lanceo- late, flat, dotted, finely marginate, on short petioles ; flowers axil- lary, twin or solitary, pedicellate ; stamens 15. \i .G. Native of New Holland. C«»!^;/(0)-scented Baeckea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub 2 to 3 ft. 13 B. microphy'lea (Rudge ex Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 282.) leaves triquetrous, short, obtuse, glabrous, imbricated ; flowers axillary, solitary, sessile; tube of calyx 5-furrowed; calycine segments ciliated and membranous. t^ . G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern coast. Lnbricaria ciliata, Smith in Lin. trans. 3. p. 176. and therefore Escallonia ciliata, Roem. et Schultes. Stereoxylum ciliatum, Poir. Jungia tenella, Gaertn. Stamens 5. Small-leaved Bseckea. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 14 B. brevif6lia(D. C. prod. 3. p. 230.) leaves triquetrous, very short, obtuse, glabrous, imbricated in 4 rows ; flowers axil- lary, solitary, on very short pedicels ; tube of calyx turbinate ; calycine lobes glabrous, acute. Ij . G. Native of New Hol- land. Leptospermum brevifolium, Rudge in Lin. trans. 8. p. 299, t. 14. Bae'ckea carnosula, Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 278. Short-leaved Bseckea. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 15 B. micra'ntha (D. C. prod. 3. p. 230.) leaves obovate, triquetrous, glabrous, imbricated in 4 rows ; flowers axillary, solitary, sessile. Tj . G. Native of New Holland. A much branched shrub. Small-Jlowered Bseckea. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 16 B. crenula'ta (D. C. 1. c.) leaves obovate-cuneiform, crenulated upwards ; flowers axillary, solitary, sessile ; calycine lobes roundish, denticulated. Tj . G. Native of New Holland ? Imbric'iria crenulata. Smith in Lin. trans. 3. p. 259. Jungia im- bricata, Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 175. t. 35. Mollia imbricata, Gmel. syst. p. 420. Stereoxylum crenulatum, Poir, Escallonia cre- nulata, Rocm. et Schultes. Stamens 5. CVcH«/n/crf-]eaved Bseckea. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 17 B. obova'ta (D. C. 1. c.) leaves obovate, entire, glabrous, spreading ; pedicels axillary, rather longer than the leaves, bear- ing 2-3 sessile flowers in an umbel at the top. Ij . G. Native of New Holland, at King George's Sound. Obovatc-\ea\eA Bseckea. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 18 B. niosMOiDES (Sieb. pi. exsic. nov. holl. no. 277.) leaves ovate, acute, erect, rather concave, and somewhat imbricated ; flowers axillary, solitary, sessile ; lobes of calyx ovate, membra- nous, somewhat denticulated at the apex. H . G. Native of New Holland. Dios7na-Hke Bseckea. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 19 B. sAxicoLA (Cunningh. mss.) Tj . G. Native of New Holland. This species is not described. Rock Bseckea. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. Cult. All the species of Bce'c/cca are delicate little shrubs. Their culture and propagation are the same as that recommended for Fahricia, see p. 827. Tribe III. MY'RTE^ (plants agreeing with My'rtus in important cha- racters). D. C. diet, class, vol. xi. and note, 1826. prod. 3. p. 230. Caly.x 4-5-cleft. Petals 4-5. Stamens free. Fruit fleshy, many-celled — Trees and shrubs, for the most part natives within the tropics, and a very few of New Holland. MYRTACEi-E. XXII. Sonneratia. XXIII. Neutris. XXIV. Campomanesia. 829 The leaves .ire opposite and full of pellucid dots, or opaque, quite entire. The peduncles are axilhiry, sometimes l-flowerod, sometimes bearing trichotoiiious cynics, andsonielimcs branched, and approximatinj; into a terminal panicle. XXII. SONNERA'TIA (so named by the yoiui<:^cr Linnaeus in memory of M. Sonncrat, who travelled into New Guinea, the East Indies, and Ciiina, and communicated many new plants to the botanists of Europe ; author of Voyage a la Ncnivelle Guince, Paris, 177C. 4to., Voyage aux Indes Orientales, et a la Chine, 1774-1781. Paris, 1782."4to.) Lin. fil. suppl. p. 38. Juss. gen. Sii5. D. C. prod. 3. p. :331.— Aubletia, Gartn. fruct. 1. p. 379. t. 78. but not of others. Lin. syst. Icosdiidria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate, 4-G- cleft, adhering to the ovarium at the base ; lobes acute, valvate in aestivation. Petals 4-C, spreading, alternating with the lobes of the calyx, or wanting. Stamens numerous ; filaments free ; anthers roundish. Stvle filiform ; stigma subcapitate. Base of berry adnate to the permanent calyx, but free at the apex, and appearing semi-superior, nearly globose, many-celled ; rind mem- branous ; cells 10-15, separated by thin dissepiments. Seeds numerous, nestling in fleshy pulp, curved, exalbiiminous. Em bryo curved, with a long radicle, and foliaceous, short, convo lute, unequal cotyledons. ^ — Small trees, with tetragonal br.mehcs Leaves opposite, entire, oval, thickish, 1-nerved, nearly vein less, without any dots. Flowers terminal, nearly solitary large. 1 S. a'cida (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 252.) branchlets tetragonal leaves oval-oblong ; calyx 6-cleft ; petals 6 ; berry globose, fj G. Native of New Guinea and the Moluccas, in swamps. Lam ill. t. 420. diet. 1. p. 129. Pagapate, Sonn. voy. p. IG. tt. 10 11. Aubletia caseoliiris, Gacrtn. fruct. l.p. 379. t. 78. Rhizo^ phora caseolaris, Lin. spec. p. 635. Mangium caseolare riibrum Rumph. anib. 3. t. 74. Blatti, Rheed. mal. 3. t. 40. Bagat- pat, Ray, hist. 3. luz. p. 83. Petals red. Pulp of fruit acid. .^c(rf-fruited Sonneratia. Tree 40 ft. 2 S. a'lba (.Smith in Rees' cycl. vol. 33. no. 2.) branchlets terete; leaves oval-roimdish ; flowers C-8-elcft, apetalous; berry obconical at the base, and depressed at the apex. I^ . S. Na- tive of the Moluccas. Mangium caseolare album, Rumph. amb. 3. t. 73. White Sonneratia. Tree 50 ft. 3 S. ape'tala (Buchan in Sym. emb. ava. 3. p. 313. t. 25. ex Smith in Kees' cycl. vol. 33. no. 3.) branches terete, pendu- lous ; leaves ovate-lanteolate ; flowers 4-cleft, apetalous. fj . S. Native of Ava near Rangoon, on the wet inundated banks of the coast. Roth, nov. spec. p. 233. Apetalous Sonneratia. Tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see Psidium, p. 833. XXIII. NE'LITRIS (from vri, ne, priv. and tXurpoc, elytron, a seed-vessel ; in reference to the berry, which is without any partitions). Gacrtn. fruct. 1. p. 134. t. 27. Lindl. coll. no. Iti. in a note. D. C. prod. 3. p. 231. — Decaspermum, Forst. gen. no. 37. — Psidium species, Lin. fil. Lin. syst. Icos^indr'ia, Monogijnia. Tube of calyx obovate ; limb 4-5-toothcd. Petals 4-5. Stamens numerous, free, in- serted in a narrow ring at the base of the limb of the calyx. Style filiform; stigma capitate. Ovarium 4-10-celled ; ovula fixed to the axis. Berry crowned by the calyx, few or many- seeded. Seeds covered by a bony testa. Embryo straightisii, with a thick radicle, which is much longer than the cotyledons, which are ovate-lanceolate and minute. — Australian shrubs, with opposite, ovate or oblong, shining, dotless, 1-nerved, entire leaves; pedunculate flowers, and small fruit. 1 N. Jambose'lla (Gaertn. 1. c.) leaves ovate, acute; pedun- cles axillary, 1 -flowered, nearly the length of the leaves ; ova- rium S-10-celled. Tj . G. Native of New Caledonia, and of the Society Islands. Decaspermum fruticosum, Forst. 1. c. Psidium decaspermum, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 252. Jamhosella Nelitris. Clt. 1810. Shrub G to 8 ft. 2 N. panicui.a'ta (Lindl. I.e.) leaves oblong, acuminated; flowers terminal and axillary, panicled ; ovarium 4-eelled. \ . G. Native of the Moluccas. Eugenia polygama, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 92. N. polygama, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 488. Panicled Nelitris. Tree. 3 N.? UrvIllei (D. C. prod. 3. p. 231.) panicles axillary and terminal, about the length of the leaves ; bracteas linear, acute ; tube of calyx hemispherical, pubescent, with ovate lobes ; fruit 5-celled ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, opacpie, stiff, gla- brous on both surfaces ; branchlets pubescent. Ij . S. Native of the Island of Praslin, one of the Sechelles. Leaves 2 inches long, and 8 lines broad. Flower-bud globose. Stamens and style about equal in length to the petals, which are oval-oblong. The fruit being unknown, the genus to which the plant belongs is therefore doubtful. lyUrville's Nelitris. Tree. 4 N. hu'mius ; dwarf; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, glabrous ; panicles terminal ; calycine segments trian- gular, acute ; petals nearly orbicular. Ij . G. Native of New Holland. Stamens connected into a ring at the base, numerous, exserted. Stigma tapering, (v. s. in herb. Lamb.) Dwar/ Nelitris. Shrub 2 it. 5 N. ? psiDioiDEs ; leaves elliptic, tapering to both ends, acu- minated at the apex ; peduncles racemose, axillary ; pedicels op- posite, and are, as well as the calyx, downy ; branches angular; calycine segments equal in breadth, shorter than the petals. ^ . G. Native of New Holland. Stigma capitate, (v. s. in herb. Lamb.) Guava-lilce Nilitris. Shrub G ft. Cult. For culture and propagation see Psidium, p. 833. XXIV. CAMPOMANESIA (dedicated to Rodriguez C. de Campomanes, a Spanish naturalist). Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. prod, p. 72. t. 13. syst. p. 128. Lindl. coll. no. IG. in a note. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 150. D. C. prod. 3. p. 232. LiN. SYST. Icosdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx globose ; limb 5-parted ; lobes ovate. Petals 5. Stamens numerous, free, inserted in a narrow ring at the base of the limb of the calyx. Style filiform ; stigma peltately capitate. Berry many-seeded, pulpy, globose, crowned by the calyx, 10-12-seeded (Ruiz et Pav.), 7-10-celled; cells containing about 9 seeds. Seeds 10- 12, imbedded in pulp, disposed in one circular series, inserted in a large fleshy placenta, ex Kimth, somewhat reniform, ex Ruiz et Pav. ; testa granular and resiniferous. — American trees. Leaves opposite, petiolate, conduplieate, entire, full of pellucid dots. Peduncles one or many-flowered, rising from the axils of the fallen leaves. Berry crowned by the calyx. 1 C. lineatifolia (Ruiz et Pav. syst. 128. fl. per. ined. 4. t. 422.) leaves oval, acute ; pedicels axillary, aggregate, bi- bracteolate. Ij . S. Native of the Andes of Peru, in very hot places. It is also cultivated in the gardens of Peru, under the name of Palillo, for the sake of its fruit, which are eaten by the inhabitants, and has much the taste of the Guava. The fruit is yellow and sweet-scented. Lined-leaicd Campomanesia. Tree. 2 C. coRNiFoLiA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 150. t. 147.) leaves nearly elliptic, acute, clothed witli fine pubes- cence beneath ; lower peduncles aggregate or branched. h . S. Native of New Granada, near Ibague, where it is called Guyavo dc Anselmo, and where the fruit is eaten by the inhabitants. Perhaps the same as the preceding species. 830 MYRTACE.E. XXV. Psidiuj Dog-Kood-leaved Campomanesia. Tree. 3 C. ? TOMENTOSA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves elliptic-ob- long, acutish, coriaceous, clothed with rufescent tomentum be- neath. Ij . S. Nativeof New Granada, near Ibague. Flowers and fruit unknown. Tomcntose Campomanesia. Tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see Psidimn, p. 833. XXV. PSI'DIUM (from ^ptcioy, psidion, the Greek name of the pomegranate. It is derived from xpiiu, psio, to make small, in reference to the number of seeds). Lin. gen. no. 615. Lam. ill. 416. Lindl. coll. no. 16. — Guaiava, Tom-n. inst. t. 443. Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 185. t. 38. — Psidium and Buchardia, Neck. LiN. SYST. Icosdndria, Monogt/nia. Tube of calyx ellipsoid (f. 121. a.) or obovate, usually contracted at the apex; limb ovate, undivided, but afterwards 1-5-cleft (f. 121. d.). Petals 5 (f. 121. b.). Stamens numerous, free, inserted in a broad circle almost through the whole undivided part of the limb. Style filiform (f 121. c.) ; sti^ma capitate. Ovarium 5-20-celled (f. 121. e.) (ex Mart, in litt.) ; cells bipartite ; from the septiform placenta being cleft at the margin, many of the cells become abor- tive at maturity. Ovula numerous, horizontal (f 121. e.), fixed to the margin of the placenta. Berry many-seeded, corticate by the tube of the calyx, and crowned by its lobes. Seeds nestling in the pulp in the mature fruit, with a bony testa. Embryo form of a horse-shoe, with a hard crustaceous testa ; radicle longer than the cotyledons, which are very small ; cover of embryo separable at the radicle. — Trees or shrubs, natives of America within the tropics. Leaves opposite, feather-nerved, dotless. Peduncles axillary, 1-3-flowered, bibracteate. Flowers white. Fruit edible : cells usually not distinguishable at ma- turity. Guava is a corruption of the American name Giiayaha. * Branchlets tetragonal. 1 P. pu'mill'm (Vahl. symb. 2. p. 56.) branchlets tetragonal ; leaves lanceolate, acute, glabrous above, tomentose and lined beneath; pedicels 1 -flowered, shorter than the leaves; fruit globose. Ji . S. Native of the Moluccas, Ce3'lon, and Java. Blume, bijdr. fl. ned. ind. p. 1093. — Rumph. amb. 1. t. 49. P. angustifolium. Lam. diet. 3. p. 16. Branches and under side of leaves white, ex Lam. P. cujavlUus, Burm. fl. ind. p. 114. but the peduncles are said to be 2-flowered, and the leaves ovate. Var. ft, Gtiadalupciixc (D. C. prod. 3. p. 233.) leaves linear- lanceolate, velvety from rufous down beneath, as well as on the branchlets. Ij . S. Native of Guadaloupe. Perhaps the same as the Indian plant. Dnnrf Guava.. Shrub 2 to 3 ft. 2 P. aroma'ticum (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 485. t. 191.) branchlets tetragonal ; leaves oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles 1- flovvered ; fruit globose, 4- celled. fj . S. Native of the woods of Guiana and Cayenne. Buchardia, Neck. gen. no. 728. Berry yellow, hardly the size of a cherry. The bruised leaves have the smell of balm. Var. ft, grondijlbrmn (Aubl. guian. t. 190.) leaves ovate. Ij . S. Native along with the first, which it is very like, but smaller. Aromcit'ic GuoMA. Fl. July. Clt. 1779. Shrub 5 to 8 ft. 3 P. acuta'ngulum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 233.) branchlets acutely tetragonal, almost 4-winged, glabrous ; leaves ovate or ellijitic- oblong, short, petiolate, rather attenuated at both ends, glabrous, full of pellucid and somewhat tubercular dots ; pedicels solitary, 1 -flowered ; calycine lobes ovate, reflexed, longer than the tube, which is obovate before expansion. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, near Ega. Pedicels nearly an inch long. Leaves about 3 inches long. Var. ft, dcidum (Mart, herb.) leaves more obtuse at the base, hardly with any pellucid dots. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, at Nogueira, in the province of Rio Negro. Fruit globose, gla- brous, pale yellow, size of a Borsdorffer apple. Lobes of calyx ovate, obtuse, erect, and usually connate, crowning the fruit ; pulp acid, citron-coloured. Seeds orbicular, compressed, pale brown. Acute-angled-hxa\\c\\(t& Guava. Shrub. 4 P. striate'lu'm (D. C. prod. 3. p. 233.) branchlets tetra- gonal, glabrous ; leaves oblong, gradually acuminated, hardly obtuse at the base, on very short petioles, glabrous, and full of tubercular dots on both surfaces ; pedicels solitary, 1-Howered, glabrous ; ovarium obovate, striated lengthwise. 1^ . S. Native of Brazil. Allied to P. turbiiiijlurum. Leaves with pellucid dots when young. Perhaps a species of Myrtiis. Striatcd-t'imted Guava. Shrub 10 to 12 ft. 5 P. punctula'tum (D. C. 1. c.) branches somewhat tetra- gonal ; leaves ovate, cuneated at the base, short-acuminated at the apex, glabrous, dotted beneath, and bearded in the axils of the veins ; pedimcles 1 -flowered ; ovarium broad, globose. f; . S. Native of Brazil. Petioles half an inch long. Peduncles longer than the petioles. Young leaves villous and dotted. Lobes of calyx broad, very blunt, and spreading. Perhaps a Mijrtus. Dotted Guava. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. 6 P. rivula're (Mart. herb, ex D. C. 1. c.) branchlets some- what tetragonal; leaves oval or ovate, short-acuminated, gla- brous above, when young white beneath, clothed with rufous down at the nerves, but glabrous in the adult state ; pedicels solitary, 1 -flowered, opposite, at the base of the branchlets of the same year ; fruit spherical. T; . S. Native of Brazil, between Coari and Ega by rividet sides. Lobes of calyx oval, obtuse. Fruit 10-celled. Rivulet Guava. Shrub 6 to 10 ft. 7 P. Maribe'nse (Mart. herb. D. C. prod. 3. p. 233.) gla- brous ; upper part of branches tetragonal ; leaves on short pe- tioles, elliptic-oblong, cuneated at the base, bluntish at the apex; pedicels 1 -flowered, a little longer than the petioles ; fruit sphe- rical, fj . S. Native of Brazil, at Maribi, near the river Ta- pura. Leaves 2 inches long, and an inch broad. Petioles 2 lines long. Fruit 6 lines in diameter. Lobes of calyx short, at length obliterated or deciduous. Maribi Guava. Shrub 6 to 10 ft. 8 P. MONTA'NUM(Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 879.) branches tetra- gonal ; leaves oval-oblong, acuminated, quite glabrous ; pedun- cles many-flowered ; fruit roundish, tj . S. Native of Jamaica, on the mountains. Wood very hard. Fruit small, acid, smell- ing like the flowers of the bitter-almond ; hence it is called Almandron. Leaves broadly subcrenated according to the author, but almost entire according to the specimens examined. The wood is excellent, of a dark-colour and curled grain; it is easily worked, and takes a fine polish. Mountain G\\a\a. Clt. 1779. Tree 60 to 100 ft. 9 P. pYRiFERUM (Lin. spec. 672.) branches tetragonal; leaves elliptic, acute, lined with rather prominent nerves, pubescent beneath ; pedicels 1 -flowered ; fruit pear-shaped. T^ . S. Na- tive of the Caribbee Islands and the continent of America, near Cumana, and now cultivated every where within the tropics, for the sake of its fruit. Lindl. bot. reg. 1079. Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. incd. 4. t. 418. Rurnph. amb. 1. t. 47. Trew. ehr. t. 43. Guay- ava pyriformis, Gsertn. fruct. 1. t. 38. P. vulgare. Rich. act. soc. hist. par. p. 110. The common Guava is pear-shaped, and of a yellowish colour when ripe. Pulp sweet, aromatic, and pleasant. The fruit of the guava is eaten both by the natives and Europeans, either in its crude state or when made into jellies. Pear-bearing or Conmion Guava. Fl. June, Julv. Clt. 1656. Tree 10 to 20 ft. 10 P. pomi'ferum (Lin. spec. p. 672.) branches tetragonal; MYRTACE^.. XXV. Psidium. 831 leaves oval or oblonjr-lanceolatc, FIG. 121. pubescent beneath; peduncles 3-8, or many-flowered ; fniit globose. Ij . S. Native of tlu- West Indies, Mexico, and Soiitli America, from whence it has nii|^ratcd to the East Indies, but is said to grow wild in Cochin-china, by Loureiro. Perhaps indiifenous to both Asia and America, or pro- bably two species are confused. Rumph. atnb. 1. t. 48. — Mer. sur. t. 57. Hern, mex. p. 85. with a figure. Fruit yellow, somewhat astringent, with an agreeable odour. The root and young leaves are astringent, and are esteemed useful in strength- ening the stomach. Peduncles downy, varying from one to many-flowered, whence it has been joined with P. pijriferum by Raddi, under the name of i'. Guaiava. Pulp of fruit red. I'ar. /5, sapidissima (Jacq. hort. schoenbr. S. p. 62. t. 366.) peduncles 1 -flowered. — Native country unknown. Berry dirty yellow, larger than a plum. Apiik-bearing or Common Red Guava. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1092. Shrub 6 to 15 ft. 11 P. Hi.v xs (Mart. herb. D. C. prod. 3. p. 23'1.) branches tetragonal ; leaves oval, obtuse at the base, and usually at the apex, puberulous on both surfaces, but hairy on the nerves be- neath ; peduncles solitary, ) , rarely 2-flowered, axillary, erect, lateral ones usually deflexed ; flower-bud globose, gaping at the apex. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, at Vaodo, Parama, in Tabu- leira, and Catingas. Branches, peduncles, and calyxes velvety from short rufous down. Ovarium obovate. Limb of calyx cup-shaped ; lobes 5, roundish, at length reflexed. Gaping Guava. Shrub 6 to 10 ft. 12 P. TURBiNif LORUM (Mart, in litt. ex D. C. 3. p. 234'.) branches tetragonal, hairy ; leaves ovate-oblong, gradually acu- minated, obtuse at the base, on very short petioles, beset with tubercular dots on both surfaces, and hairy on the nerves be- neath ; pedicels 1 -flowered, solitary, villous ; calyx gaping, at length lobed ; ovarium oblong, turbinate. It . S. Native of Brazil. Pedicels 9-10 lines long. Ovarium and calyx becom- ing glabrous at length. Branches opposite, at length terete. Top-flowered Guava. Shrub 10 to 20 ft. 13 P. cine'reum (Mart. herb, ex D. C. 1. c.) branches tetra- gonal ; leaves oblong, mucronate, on very short petioles, gla- brous above, but clothed with adpressed canescent villi beneath ; peduncles 1-3-flowered; fruit ovate, crowned by the lobes of the calyx, which are roundish-ovate and short. fj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul. Perhaps a narrow-leaved variety of P. incanescens. Grey Guava. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. 14 P. inc.\n"e'scess (Mart. herb, ex D. C. 1. c.) branches tetragonal ; leaves obovate, on short petioles, cuneated at the base, obtuse, and mucronate at the apex, glabrous above, but clothed with adpressed canescent villi beneath ; peduncles 3- flowered ; young fruit ovate, crowned by the lobes of the calyx, which are ovate and short. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, in fields near Taubate, in the province of St. Paul. A very distinct species. Branchlets rather downy. Leaves 2-| inches long, and 1 J broad. Fruit nearly like that o( Eugenia, 4-5-seeded. Hoary Guava. Shrub 4 to C ft. 15 P. GRANDiFoLiuM (Mart. herb, ex D. C. 1. c.) branches tetragonal, thick, clothed with white tomentum ; leaves obovate, mucronate, on short petioles, cuneated at the base, glabrous above, but clothed with white tomentum beneath; peduncles 1- flowered ; fruit globose, nearly naked. I; . S. Native of Bra- zil, in fields at Ypanema, in the province of St. Paul, hike P. incanescens, but the down is more woolly. Leaves 3 inches long. Stem 1-3 feet high. Root thick. Fruit about the size of a walnut. Perhaps the same as P. grandiflorum, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. ined. 4. t. 421. f. a. Great-leaved Guava. Siirub 1 to 3 ft. 16 P. RUFLM (Mart. herb, ex D. C. 1. c.) branchlets tetra- gonal, densely clothed with rufous hairs, as well as the peduncles, bracteas, and calyxes ; leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong, on short petioles, villous on both surfaces when young, but in the adult state glabrous on the upper surface, and clothed with rufescent villi beneath ; pedicels in the axils of the lower branchlets, but somewhat racemose ; young fruit ovate-roundish, crowned by the lobes of the calyx, which are short and obtuse. J? . S. Native of Brazil, in mountain fields in the province of Minas Geraes. Branchlets hairy, but the branches are terete and smooth. Leaves 4 inches long, and 1^ or 2 inches broad. Bracteoles linear. Rufous Guava. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. 17 P. puBE'scENs(Mart. herb, ex D. C. 1. c.) branches rather tetragonal ; pedicels, bracteas, and calyxes hairy ; leaves nearly sessile, oblong, acute, when yoimg downy on both surfaces, hoary beneath ; pedicels 1-flowered ; bracteoles linear-subidate; lobes of calyx acute. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Pernambuco, near the river Termo. Flowers large. Ova- rium broadly obovate, not constricted at the apex. Habit nearly of Cratce gus eriocdrpa. Pubescent Guava. Shrub 3 to 4 ft. * * Branchlets terete. 18 P. Guinee'nse (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 881.) branches terete, pubescently villous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, glabrous above, clothed with rusty tomentum beneath, as well as the pe- tioles ; peduncles 1-3-flowered ; fruit roundish, h . S. Cul- tivated in the West Indies, but is said to have been introduced from Guinea. Berry fulvous, rather pubescent, red inside, about the size of a nutmeg, of an exquisite taste. Guinea Guava. Shrub 8 to 1 2 ft. 19 P. polyca'rpon (Lamb, in Lin. trans. 11. p. 231. t. 17.) branches terete, hairy ; leaves almost sessile, ovate-oblong, acute, pubescent above, wrinkled and scabrous beneath ; peduncles 3- flowered ; fruit globose. ^ . S. Native of the Island of Tri- nidad. Ker. bot. reg. 653. Branches reclinate. Fruit yellow inside, about the size of a plum, of a delicate taste. The middle flower on the peduncle is sessile, and the lateral ones pedicellate, as in the preceding and following species. Mamj-f rutted Guava. Fl. May. Clt. 1810. Shrub 3 to 6 ft. 20 P. Ar.v'ca (Raddi, mem. 1821. p. 5. t. 1.) branchlets terete, hairy ; leaves petiolate, oval or oblong, obtuse, downy or hairy on both surfaces ; peduncles axillary, 1-3-flowered; fruit ovoid. ?t • ^- Native of Brazil, in fields about Rio Janeiro. P. minus. Mart. herb. Berry about the size of those of a sor- bus, greenish-yellow on the outside, but whitish within. Very nearly allied to P. Guineense, but the leaves are velvety above, not glabrous, and the nerves more elevated. Araca Guava. Shrub 4 to G ft. 21 P. fluvia'tile (Rich, ex herb. Thib.) branchlets terete, glabrous ; leaves petiolate, oval, quite glabrous ; lower ones obtuse at both ends, but the upper ones are acuminated at both ends; pedicels opposite, 1-flowered, almost 10-times the length of the petioles. Tj . S. Native of Cayenne, along the banks of rivers. P. Guianense, Pers. ench. 2. p. 27. Peduncles an inch and a half long. Style longer than the stamens. Stigma hardly 832 MYRTACE^. XXV. Psidium. capitate. Fruit unknown. Leaves full of pellucid dots. Per- haps a Myrlus. River-side G\\a.\a. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 22 P. DENSi'coMUM (Mart. herb, ex D. C. 1. c.) branches terete, rather compressed at the apex, glabrous ; leaves petio- late, ovate-lanceolate, gradually acuminated, glabrous ; pedicels 1-flowered, 3 or 4-times longer than the petioles; fruit globose. fj . S. Native of Brazil, on the banks of the Solunois, and at Lake Ega. Tree glabrous, with a dense head. Allied to P. Jliiviatile, but differs in the pedicels being shorter. Dense -headed Guava. Tree 20 feet. 23 P. LiTTORALE (Raddi, mem. 1831. p. 6. t. 1. f. 2.) branchlets terete ; leaves oval-oblong, thickish or coriaceous, attenuated at the base, bluntly acuminated at the apex, glabrous on both surfaces, shining above ; pedicels 1- flowered, longer than the petioles ; fruit exactly pear-shaped. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, on the sea-shore, where it is called by the inhabitants Araca de Praya. Fruit greenish-yellow, but white inside. Shore Guava. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 24 P. ripa'rium (Mart. herb, ex D. C. 1. c.) branches terete ; pedicels and calyxes hairy ; leaves almost sessile, linear-oblong, obtuse at the apex, rather cordate at the base, pubescent beneath, and nearly glabrous above ; pedicels 3-flowered; fruit pear-shaped. I; . S. Native of Brazil, on the banks of rivers. Nearly allied to P. turhinijldrum. Leaves 3 inches long and an inch broad, with somewhat sinuated crenated margins. Lobes of calyx very blunt. River-side Psidium. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 25 P. GuAviROBA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 235.) glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves oval-lanceolate, acuminated, tapering to the base, petiolate ; pedicels 1-flowered, length of petioles ; fruit globose ; calycine lobes short and blunt. T^ . S. Native of Brazil, in fields at Ypanema, in the province of St. Paul, where it is called by the inhabitants Guaviroha de Canorro or Giiavirobo dc CamjM. P. caninum. Mart. herb, but not of Lour. Leaves 2 inches long, and 9-10 lines broad. Fruit the size of a large pea. Guaviroba. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 26 P. ? decussa'tum (D. C. 1. c.) branchlets terete, rather hairy ; leaves oval, obtuse, membramius, opaque ; pedicels ax- illary, 1-flowered, length of leaves ; calyx at length bluntly 5- lobed, reflexed ; style incurved, b . S. Native of Brazil, in fields, in the province of Minas Geraes. My'rtus decussata. Mart. herb. Leaves 6 lines long and 3 lines broad. Branches and branchlets opposite, slender. Stamens very numerous. Calyx glabrous. Z)ec«4irt/c-branched Guava. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 27 P.? DESERTORUM (Mart. herb. exD.C.prod. 3. p. 236.) branchlets terete, and are as well as the petioles and pedicels clothed with short velvety down ; leaves ovate, acute, rather cordate at the base, with crenated margins, glabrous on both surfaces, full of pellucid dots; pedicels 1-flowered, slender; fruit ovate ; lobes of calyx roundish. (j . S. Native of Brazil, in the desert of Bahia. A small neat tree, with pale green leaves. Leaves 15-18 lines long, and 7-9 lines broad. Pe- tioles 2-3 lines long. Pedicels 10-12 lines long. Flowers small. Desert Guava. Tree 10 to 15 feet. 28 P.? TENUiFOLiuM (Mart. herb, ex D. C. 1. c.) branchlets terete, glabrous as well as the petioles and pedicels ; pedicels 1-3 together, axillary, 1-flowered ; leaves ovate, obtuse at the base, but acuminated at the apex, glabrous, but beset with crowded, very minute dots : fruit globose; lobes of calyx round- ish. Pj . S. Native of Brazil, in the desert of Baliia. Fruit 5- celled ; cells biovulate. Pedicels 5-6 lines long, slender, bract- less at the apex. Leaves membranous. Very nearly allied to P. deserlbrum. Fine-leaved Guava. Tree 15 to 20 feet. 29 P. OLiGospt'uMUM (Mart. herb, ex D. C. 1. c.) branches terete or compressed, slender, glabrous ; leaves elliptic, acumin- ated, glabrous, full of |)ellucid dots ; pedicels 1 -flowered, rather compressed, thrice the length of the petioles ; flower-bud oblong, acute ; fruit obovate, subglobose, turbinate at the base, 1-3- seeded. T^ . S. Native of Brazil, in woods on the banks of rivers in the province of Bahia. Bark greyish. Leaves an inch long and 5-lines broad. Fruit nodding, yellow. Seeds im- bedded in bitter, rather diaphanous pulp. P. oligospermum, Link, enum. is perhaps different from this. Few-seeded Guava. Shrub 8 to 10 feet. 30 P. lanugino'sum (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. ined. 4. t. 421. f. b.) branches terete ; leaves oblong, obtuse, crenated, woolly ; peduncles 3-flowered, the middle flower sessile, and the lateral ones pedicellate, bearing 2 bractcas at the base of each ; tube of calyx long, 4-cleft, with the lobes acute ; stamens exserted. Tj . S. Native of Peru. Petals obovate. Fruit long, terete, 4-celled, crowned by the lobes of the calyx. Seeds reniform. Shrub woolly in every part. lY'ooUy Guava. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 31 P. ? WYRSiNiTES (D. C. prod. 3. p. 236.) branchlets terete, clothed with rufous hairs ; pedicels axillary, solitary, 1- flowered, angular, hairy ; bracteoles deciduous ; ovarium tur- binate, glabrous; lobes of calyx 5, very blunt ; leaves oblong, almost sessile, obtuse at the base, acutish at the apex, villous on the margins, and middle nerve above, the rest glabrous. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in deserts, in the provinces of the mines. My'rtus myrsinites. Mart. herb. Pedicels 3-4 lines long. Throat of calyx broad, and staminiferous, as m Psidium. Leaves 12-15 lines long, and 3-4 broad. Perhaps a species of Mijrlus. JMyrtle-like Psidium. Tree 12 feet. 32 P. Brownia'num (Mart. herb, ex D. C. 1. c.) branchlets hairy ; pedicels solitary, axillary, 1-flowered, with lanceolate- linear bracteoles under the flowers ; flower-bud ovate, acute, glabrous, at length splitting unequally into 5 roundish lobes ; leaves ovate, almost sessile, bluntly attenuated at the apex, opaque, glabrous on both surfaces as well as the branches. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the desert of Bahia. A small, densely branched tree, with greyish bark. Leaves 2 inches long and 1 inch broad, with rather revolute margins. Petals roundish. Stamens usually changing into elliptic petals. Fruit unknown. Brown's Guava. Tree 10 to 12 feet. 33 P. obova'tum (Mart. herb, ex D. C. 1. c.) branchlets terete, velvety from short down ; leaves obovate, coriaceous, quite glabrous in the adult state, but when young rather velvety ; fruit nearly globose, glabrous. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in fields, in the province of St. Paul. Very like the Brasilian P. Cattleyanum, but differs in the branches being beset with short villi. Obovate-leaveA Guava. Shrub 10 to 15 feet. 34 P. CattleiaVum (Sabine, in hort. trans. 4. p. 315. t. 11.) branchlets terete, glabrous ; leaves obovate, coriaceous, quite glabrous ; pedicels opposite, 1-flowered, hardly equal in length to the petioles. ^ . S. Native of China and of Brazil, or rather originally brought from China to Brazil. Lindl. coll. t. 16. Ker. bot. reg. 622. P. coriaceum. Mart. herb. P. Chi- nense, Lodd. cab. The fruit of this Guava is rather large, nearly spherical, of a fine deep claret colour, growing in the axils of the leaves ; the skin has much the consistence of that of a fig, but is thinner ; the interior is a soft fleshy pidp, purplish red next the skin, but becoming paler towards the middle, and at the centre is quite white ; it is juicy, and in consistence is much like a strawberry, to which it bears some resemblance in flavour. Cnltky's Guava. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1818. Tr. 10 to 20 ft. 35 P. corda'tum (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1779.) branchlets terete, glabrous ; leaves sessile, cordate-roundish, rather stem-clasping. MVHTACEiE. XXV. Psidium. XXVI. Jossinia. 8.33 coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces ; pedicels aggregate or few-flowered, longer than the flowers. If . .*^. Native of Guatlaloupe. P. amplexicaiilc, Kich. in herb. Juss, Pers. ench. 2. p. 27. Cortic-\eAved Jossinia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 5 J. tinifo'lia (D. C. prod. 3. p. 238.) leaves oval, coria- ceous, on short ])etioles, when young clothed with white' velvety down as well as the branchlets, peduncles, and calyxes ; pedicels solitary or twin, 3 or 4 times longer than the leaves. Tj . S. Native of the Mauritius, where it is called Bois de nifle. 5 O 834 MYRTACE^. XXVI. Jossinia. XXVII. Myrtus. Eugenia tinifolia, Lam. diet. 3. p. 204. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from 7. huxifolia. Pedicels 3-4 lines long. Timts-leaved Jossinia. Tree or shrub. C J. BUXiFOLiA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate-oblong, bluntish, coriaceous, glabrous, on very short petioles, with reflexed mar- gins, pale beneath ; pedicels solitary, slender, shorter than the leaves, exactly axillary ; calyxes clothed with silky velvety down. f; . S. Native of the Island of Bourbon, on the moun- tains, where it is called Bois de nejie commim. Eugenia buxifolia, Lam. diet. 3. p. 204. Myrtus Borbonica, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 481. Pedicels 7-8 lines long. Flowers small. Fruit unknown. Box- leaved Jossinia. Shrub. 7 J. coTiNiFOLiA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate or roundish, obtuse, rather coriaceous, with somewhat revolute margins, on very short petioles, full of pellucid dots, glabrous on both surfaces, pale beneath ; pedicels 1-3 together, axillary, or supra-axillary, very slender, a little shorter than the leaves. Tj . S. Native of the Island of Bourbon, on the mountains. Eugenia cotinifolia, Jacq. obs. 3. p. 3. t. 53. Myrtus cotinifolia, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 481. exclusive of the country. Leaves an inch long. Pedi- cels 8-10 lines long ; in some specimens always solitary. Colinus-leaved Jossinia. Shrub. 8 J. cAssiNoiDEs (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate, acutish at both ends, coriaceous, glabrous, full of pellucid dots; pedicels 2-3- together, filiform, shorter than the leaves ; lobes of calyx roundish. ^ . S. Native of Madagascar. Eugenia cassi- noides. Lam. diet. 3. p. 205. Myrtus cassinoides, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 481. Cassine-like Jossinia. Tree. Cult. All the species of Jossinia are worth cidtivating, for the sake of their beautiful foliage, as well as for their flowers, which are rather large and white. Their culture and propaga- tion are the same as that recommended for Psidium, p. 833. XXVII. MY'RTUS (from fivpov, myron, perfume ; fivprog of the Greeks ; Myrtus of the Dutch ; and almost the same in every European language). Lin. gen. 617. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 184. t. 38. D. C. prod. 3. p. 138. — Myrtus species of Kunth. Myrtus, Tourn. inst. t. 409. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx sub- globose ; limb o-parted, rarely 4-parted. Petals 5, rarely 4. Stamens free. Berry 2-3-celled, nearly globose, crow-ned by the limb of the calyx. Seeds numerous in each cell even when ma- ture, rarely solitary, bony, renifornily incurved. Embryo curved, with very short semicylindrical cotyledons, which are much shorter than the radicle. — Shrubs. Leaves opposite, full of pel- lucid dots. Pedicels axillary, 1-flowered. — In the most part of the species the flowers and seeds are unknown, it is therefore doubtful whether many of them belong to the genus. A great many of them probably belong to the genus Myrcia. Sect. I. Leucomy'rtus (Xti/toc, white, and fivproQ, myrtos, a myrtle ; in reference to the white flowers of the species). D. C. prod. 3. p. 238. Flowers white. Seeds curved in the manner of a horse-shoe ; when mature disposed irregularly in the cells. * Flowers i-clcft, with few stamens. 1 M. nummula'ria (Poir. diet. 4. p. 407. exclusive of the country) pedicels axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves, bibracteolate under the flowers ; leaves roundish, shin- ing, small, glabrous ; stem creeping ; calyx 4-cleft. Ij . G. Native of the Maclove or Falkland Islands, and at the Straits of Magellan. Gaud. ann. sc. nat. 5. t. 2. f. 5. Lucet-musque, Pernet. voy. 2. p. 58. Money-wort-\ike Myrtle. Sh. creeping. 2 M. vAcciNoiDEs (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 130.) pedicels axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves, bibracteolate at the apex ; leaves small, elliptic-ovate, acute, coriaceous, veinless, glabrous ; branchlets hairy ; calyx 4-lobed ; stamens 8. Tj . S. Native of Peru. Leaves 3-4 lines long. Petals ciliated. Berry subglobose, 2-3-celled. Seeds few, rather reniform. Embryo of M. communis. Allied to M. nummuluria- Whirtle-berry-Uke Myrtle. Sh. 1 ft. 3 M. MYRsiNoiDEs (H. B. ct Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 132.) pedicels axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, bibracteolate at the apex ; leaves small, obovate, somewhat emarginate, rather co- riaceous, reticulated, shining, and are as well as the branches glabrous; flowers 4-cleft, octandrous. Ij . G. Native of Peru, in cold parts between AyavaCa and Guancabamba. A much- branched shrub. Leaves 4-5 lines long. Fruit unknown. Nearly allied to M. vaccinoides. Myrsine-like Myrtle. Sh. 6 ft. 4 M. microphy'lla (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 1. p. 19. t. 4.) pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves, bearing 2 bracteoles under the flowers ; leaves oval, acute, coriaceous, glabrous above, and clothed with adpressed silky down beneath ; calyx 4-cleft, hairy. fj • S. Native of the cold mountains of Saragura, near Loxa. Habit of Phylica or Erica. Petals white, ciliated. Margins of leaves revolute, 4 lines long. Berry red, globose, 2-3-celled. Ovula 2-4 in each cell. Embryo like that of ii. communis, according to Kunth. Small-leaved Myrtle. Sh. 3 ft. * * Flowers 5-clefl, polyandrous. 5 M. commu'nis (Lin. spec. p. 673.) pedicels solitary, 1- flowered, about the length of the leaves, bearing 2 linear brac- teoles under the flowers ; calyx 5-cleft ; leaves ovate or lanceo- late, acute. ^2 • F- Native of the south of Europe, on ex- posed rocks. Berry roundish, 2-3-celled. Seeds reniform. Embryo arched, with a long radicle, and small, equal cotyledons. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 184. t. 38. Lam. ill. t. 410. Duham. ed. nov. 1. p. 43. Corolla white. The common myrtle is well known as an elegant evergreen sweet-scented shrub, but unfor- tunately just too tender to abide our winters in the open air, without some protection. It was a great favourite among the ancients, and was sacred to Venus. Myrtle wreaths adorned the brows of bloodless victors, and were the symbol of autho- rity for magistrates at Athens. Both branches and berries were put into wine, and the latter were used in the cookery of the ancients. The myrtle was also one of their medicinal plants. All parts of it are astringent, but it is discarded from modern practice. A. melanocdrpa (D. C. prod. 3. p. 239.) fruit blackish. This variety of myrtle is frequent in the south of Europe, and in gardens, where there are varieties of it with double flowers and variegated leaves. r«r. a, Romuna (Mill. fig. t. 184. f 1.) leaves ovate; pedi- cels longer. The common broad-leaved or Roman myrtle. It is sometimes called flowering myrtle, because it flowers more freely in England than any other variety. Var. ft, Tarentma (Mill, diet.) leaves ovate ; berries rounder. The box-leaved myrtle. Flowers small, and open late in the autumn. Leaves small. I'ar. y, Itdlica (Mill, diet.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute ; branches more erect. The Italian or upright myrtle. J'ar. I, Boe'tica (Mill, diet.) leaves lanceolate, acuminated. The orange-leaved myrtle. — Blackw. t. 114. J ar. t, I.vsitdnica (Lin. spec.) leaves lanceolate-ovate, acute. M. aetata. Mill, diet.— Clus. hist. 1. p. 66. f 1. The Portugal myrtle. The nutmeg myrtle appears to be only a variety of this. Far. ft, Belgica (Mill, diet.) leaves lanceolate, acuminated. 1 MYRTACE.E. XXVII. Myrtus. 835 Tlie broad-leaved Dutch myrtle. Leaves crowded, dark green. Tlie douhle-Jlcnering mi/rtle appears to be of this variety. /'a?-. 0, miicrontitii (Liii. spec.) leaves linear-lanceolate, acu- minated. M. minima, Mill. Rosemary or thyme-lcatcd myrtle. B. leiicocarpa (I). C. prod. 3. p. 239.) fruit white. ^ . H. Native of Greece and the Balearic Islands. Smith, prod. fl. groec. p. 36. The fruit of this kind is rather large, edible, with a grate- ful taste and smell. The above varieties are constant ; but there are others in the gardens wliich are more variable. It will suffice to give the names of a few of these. 1 Gold-striped broad-leaved myrtle. 2 Broad-leaved Jens' myrtle. This variety has its leaves frequently in threes, on which account it is said to be in esteem among the Jews in their religious ceremonies. 3 Gold-str'ipid-lcaved orange- myrtle. 4 Silver-striped Italian myrtle. 5 Striped box-leaved myrtle. 6 Silver -striped rosemary-leaved myrtle. 7 Silver-striped nutmeg myrtle. 8 Ctck's-comb or bird's-nest myrtle. 9 Spotted-leaved myrtle. Commo« Myrtle. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1597. Sh. 3 to 10 ft. 6 M. MYRicoiDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. C. p. 131. t. 539.) peduncles axillarv, 1 -flowered, hardly shorter than the leaves, pubescent, furnished with 2 bracteoles at the apex ; leaves oblong, coriaceous, veinless, glabrous above, puberulous beneath as well as on the branchlets ; calyx 5-cleft. \ , S. Native of Peru. Petals glabrous. Berry nearly globose, 3-4-celled. Seeds numerous, nearly reniform. Embryo as in M. communis. Myrica-leaved Myrtle. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 7 M. saluta'ris (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 132.) pedicels ax- illary, solitary, i -flowered, shorter than the leaves, puberulous; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, rather membranous, reticulated, glabrous, shining ; branchlets rather hairy ; calyx quinquefid. h . S. Native near Carichana, on the banks of the Orinoco, where it is called Guayava-A rayan. Leaves 2 inches long, and an inch broad. Petals ciliated, length of stamens. Berry nearly globose, 2-cclled, about the size of a sloe. Seeds bony, soli- tary, or numerous in the cells. A decoction of the root of this species is considered good against haemorrhages. Salutary Myrtle. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 8 M. caloi'hy'lla (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 133.) pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, solitary, or twin, shorter than the leaves, bibracteolate at the apex ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, running into the petiole at the base, coriaceous, veinless, shining, and are as well as the branchlets glabrous ; calyx 5-cleft. Jj . S. Na- tive on the banks of the Orinoco, near Maypures. Leaves 2 inches long. Pedicels 10-14 lines long, when bearing the fruit. Flowers as large as those of M. commiiiiis. Berry nearly glo- bose, 2-celled, about the size of a sloe. Embryo probably like that of ]\I. communis. Beautiful-leaved Myrtle. Sh. 6 to 8 ft. 9 M. u'gxi (Molin. chil. ed. gall. p. 133.) pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, a little recurved, rather longer than the leaves, bearing each 2 linear bracteoles under the flower ; leaves ovate, acute, glabrous ; calyx 5-cleft, with the lobes reflexed. Ij . G. Native of Chili, where it is called U'gni, and by the Spaniards Afurtilla. Feuill. obs. 3. p. 44. t. 31. Lam. diet. 4. p. 412. Petals alinost like those of M. communis. Fruit red, musky, nearly globose, 8-secded, compressed. The natives of Chili express the juice from the fruit and mix it with water, to which it gives a beautiful red colour. It forms a very refreshing drink, and has something of the odour of rosemary. Ugni Myrtle. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 10 M. ? Ara'yan (H. B. et Kunth, \. c. p. 133.) pedicels axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, a little shorter than the leaves, bi- bracteolate under the flower ; leaves ovate -oblong, acute, mem- branous, reticulated, glabrous, shining ; branchlets hairy ; calyx 5-cleft. Tj . S. Native of Peru, at Gonzanama, at the eleva- tion of 3000 feet, where it is called, along with some other spe- cies, Arayan. Leaves 20-22 lines long. Flowers size of those of M. communis. Berry globose, red, 2-celled; cells l-seeded. Arayan Myrtle. Sh. C to 8 ft. 11 hi. multifl6ra (Juss. herb. Jaume, in Duham. ed. nov. 1. p. 208.) pedicels solitary, axillary, elongated, and in terminal racemes ; flowers 5-cleft ; leaves ovate-orbicular, mucronate, opaque, coriaceous, hairy on the petioUs, margins, and nerves on both surfaces, as well as the branchlets and peduncles. Jj . S. Native of Chili and Peru. Leaves 8-9 lines long and 6-7 broad, green above, and white beneath. Pedicels 6 inches long, gla- brous at the apex, as well as the calyxes, but hairy at the base. Fruit and seeds unknown. Perhaps the same as M. Luma, Molin. chd. 173. but M. Luma of Spreng. syst. appears to be different. The bark is astringent, and possesses the same qua- lities as that of M. t'lgni. Many-fioivered Myrtle. Shrub. 12 M. ? Goethea'na (Mart. herb, ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 240.) pedicels 1-flowered, 3 times shorter than the leaves, bearing 2 acute bracteoles at the apex : lower ones axillary and solitary : upper ones in umbellate fascicles ; leaves oval, acuminated, rather coriaceous, quite glabrous, shining ; tube of calyx glo- bose, with 5 oblong-oval lobes. V; . S. Native of Demerara, and of Brazil at Rio Janeiro. Leaves 4 inches long, 15-16 lines broad, opaque, dotted beneath. Peduncles 9 lines long. Flowers large. Petals 7-9 lines long. Staminiferous disk broad, as in Psidium. Ovarium globose, 2-3-celled. Stamens very nu- merous, shorter than the petals. Fruit globose, yellowish, 5- celled. Seeds many, oblong. Goethe's Myrtle. Shrub. 13 M. 1 e'legans (D. C. prod. 3. p. 240.) glabrous ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, solitary, about equal in length to the leaves; bracteas small under the flowers ; lobes of calyx 4, broad, acut- ish ; tube obovate ; leaves lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, acute, stiff, opaque ; branches tetragonal. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes. Psidium elegans, Mart. herb. Habit almost of M. communis var. Romana. In habit it comes near Eugenia Pla ; but neither the flower-bud nor fruit has been seen, and therefore the genus is very doubtful. Elegant Myrtle. Shrub. 14 M. ? fascicula'ris (D. C. 1. c.) pedicels 1-flowered, 4-7- together, axillary, a little shorter than the leaves, bearing 2 linear bracteoles under the flowers ; leaves oval-oblong, acute at both ends, full of pellucid dots, clothed with velvety pubescence when young, as well as the calyxes ; calyx 5-lobed ; lobes very obtuse, fj . S. Native of Cayenne. Flowers and leaves rising in fascicles from the axils of the old leaves, as in Pyrus. Pedi- cels 6 lines long. Fruit and seeds unknown. Limb of calyx 5-cleft, not 5-parted. Fascicled-Aoweied Myrtle. Shrub. 15 M. ? brachvste'mon (D. C. 1. c.) pedicels 1-flovvered, axillary, 3-5-togetlier, 3 times shorter than the leaves, bearing 2 ovate bracteoles under the flowers ; leaves ovate, glabrous, bluntly somewhat acuminated ; calyx 5-cleft ; branchlets rather downy. fj . S. Native of St. Domingo and Porto Rico, in hedges. Eugenia Patrisii, Spreng. in herb. Balb. but not of Vahl. Leaves an inch long, and 6 lines broad. Pedicels 3-3 lines long. Flowers small. Stamens 20, shorter than the petals. Fruit and seeds unknown. Short-slamened Myrtle. Shrub. Sect. II. Rhodomy'rtus (from/jooov, rhodon, a rose, andyuvp- 5 o 2 836 MYRTACE^. XXVII. Myrtus. roc, myrtos, a myrtle, a red myrtle ; in reference to the flowers being red). D. C. prod. 3. p. 240. Flowers rose-coloured. Seeds flat, compressed, disposed in two series in each cell. Accord- ing to Salisbury, this section is sufficient to form a distinct genus. 16 M. TOMENTOSA (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 159 ) peduncles ]-."- flowered, bearing 2 ovate bracteoles under each flower, shorter than the leaves, and are, as well as the branches and calyxes, velvety ; leaves ovate, velvety above in the young state, clothed with hoary tomentum beneath, S-nerved, with the lateral nerves almost marginal ; calyx .5-cleft. Ij . G. Native of China, Cochin- china, and among the Nellygerry Mountains in the East Indies, and in the Island of Junkseilon, ex Salisb. Curt. bot. mag. t. 250. Lois. herb. amat. t. 267. M. canescens,Lour.coch.p. 31 1. — Pluk. aim. t. 372. f. 1. Petals rose-coloured, longer than the stamens and style, velvety on the outside. Fruit ovate, 3-celled. Seeds compressed, 2 series in each cell. Embryo as in M. cummuius according to Kunth. There is a smoother variety of this species which goes under the name of il/. aff'inis in the gardens. 7bwrato;5e Myrtle. Fl. June, Ju'ly. Clt. 1776. Sh. 2 to G ft. 17 M. ? specta'bilis (Blum, bijdr. p. 1083.) peduncles crowded, axillary, 1-flovvered, shorter than the leaves; calyx silky, 4-cleft ; leaves ovate-oblong, 3-nerved, bluntly acumi- nated, acutish at the base, coriaceous, glabrous, greyish silvery beneath. Tj . S. Native of Java, in the province of Bantam. Fruit unknown. Showy Myrtle. Shrub. t III the following species the seeds, fruit, rind number of the parts ofthef wcr being unknown, it is therefore doubtful whether any of them belong to the genus. ISIany of them on future ex- amination may prove to bcloiig to the genus Myrcia, esj^ccially these natives of South Ameriea. * Pedicels axillary, l-fowered. 18 M. ? LiNiFOLiA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 479.) pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, usually solitary, shorter than the leaves ; leaves pe- tiolate, linear, obtuse, nerveless, glabrous, flat beneath. ^j . S. Native of the West Indies. The rest unknown. Perhaps the same as Eugenia Icptospcrmoldes, Flax-leaved Myrtle. Shrub. 19 M. ? TENUifOLiA (Smith in Lin. trans. 3. p. 280.) pedicels axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves; leaves linear, mucroiiate, with revolute margins, pubescent beneath ; calyxes glabrous ; petals pubescent. \ . G. Native of New Holland. Leaves an inch long, and one line broad. Flowers white, one-half smaller than tl ose of J\I. communis. Fruit and seeds unknown. Fine-leaved Myrtle. Clt. 1 824. Shrub 3 to 6 ft. 20 M. gra'mmica (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 480.) pedicels 1-flovv- ered, usually solitary, capillary, shorter than the leaves ; leaves oblong, attenuated at both ends, obtuse, full of parallel veins, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous. h . S. Native of Brazil. JVrittcn-havei Myrtle. Shrub. 21 M. ? lu'rida (Spreng. I.e.) pedicels 1-flowered, usually solitary, stiff', shorter than the leaves, stipulate at the base ; leaves sessile, lanceolate, cuspidate, quite glabrous on both sur- faces, reticulately veined. Ij.S. Native of Monte Video. Lurid Myrtle. Shrub. 22 M. ? ova'lis (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 479.) pedicels 1-flowered, usually solitary, exceeding the leaves ; leaves oval, veiny, gla- brous; branches covered with fuscous villi. T; . S. Native of Brazil. Oi)aZ-leaved Myrtle. Shrub. 23 M. ? He'ynii (Spreng. 1. c. p. 248.) pedicels axillary, 1- flowered, usually solitary, length of the petioles, bracteate at the base, and bibracteolate at the apex ; leaves elliptic, obtuse, cori- aceous, full of pellucid dots, clothed with rusty tomentum when young, as well as tlie branchlets and pedicels. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies. Myrtus latifolia. Roth, nov. spec. p. 232. but not of Aublet. Leaves 3 inches long, and 2 inches broad. Petioles 12 lines long. Fruit, seeds, and number of the lobes of calyx unknown. f ar. /3, conferta (D. C. prod. 3. p. 241.) pedicels 3-5~to- gether ; flowers a little smaller than those of the species. Roth, 1. c. Heyne's Myrtle. Shrub. 24 M.? ERYTHRoxYLoiDES (H. B. et Kuutli, Hov. gen. amer. 6. p. 149.) flowers 3-6-togethcr, axillary, and terminal, 4-5-pe- talled ; leaves elliptic, emarginate, reticulated, coriaceous, gla- brous, shining ; branchlets rather hairy. Tj . S. Native of South America, near Cumana. Flowers, fruit, and seeds un- known. Erythroxylum-like Myrtle. Shrub. * * Peduncles axillary, 2-3 or many-flowered. 9.5 M. LU^ciDA (Lin. spec. p. 674.) peduncles usually 3-flow- ered ; flowers 5-petalled, nearly sessile, disposed into a taper- ing lanceolate spike, 'r • •'• Native of Surinam. Shining Myrtle. Shrub or tree. 26 M.? Sello'i (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 482.) peduncles capil- lary, 3-flovvered, shorter than the leaves ; flowers 5-cleft ; leaves oblong, attenuated at both ends, bluntish, opaque, pale and veiny beneath. Tj . S. Native- of Brazil. Sello's Myrtle. Shrub. 27 M. VESTiTA (Spreng. syst. add. p. 193.) leaves lanceolate, acute, veiny, clothed with woolly tomentum, as well as the branchlets ; peduncles very short, nearly opposite ; flowers 4- cleft. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, at Rio Grande. Clothed Myrtle. Shrub. 28 M. megapota'mica (Spreng. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate-spatu- late, obscurely veined, clothed w ith yellowish silky down beneath ; peduncles aggregate, shorter than the leaves; flowers quadrilid. Pj . S. Native of Brazil, at Rio Grande. Rin Grande Myrtle. Shrub. 29 M. TRIFLORA (Spreng. 1. c. but not of Jacq.) peduncles straight, bracteate, 3-flowered, about equal in length to the leaves ; flowers crowded, 5-cleft ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous, shining above, and reticulated with veins beneath, fj . S. Native of Monte Video. Three-Jlowered Myrtle. Shrub. 30 M. RusciFOLiA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 970.) peduncles axil- lary, short, crowded, many-flowered, pubescent ; leaves round- ish-elliptic, quite glabrous, and full of pitted dots above. I7 . S. Native of the East Indies. Leaves almost the size of those of Ruscus aculeatus, but a little larger and more blunt ; when young ornamented with rufescent pili. Flowers and fruit unknown. Butcher's-broom-leaved Myrtle. Shrub. • * * Peduncles many-Jlowered, corymbose, or in branched panicles. 31 M.? FiRMA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 487.) panicles axillary, opposite, trichotomous, tomentose, rather shorter than the leaves ; leaves ovate-elliptic, coriaceous, large, rufescent, glabrous, veiny. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. The rest unknown. Firm Myrtle. Shrub. 32 M. ? a'nceps (Spreng. neue. entd. 2. p. 170. syst. 2. p. 487.) panicles axillary, erect, about equal in length to the leaves ; leaves lanceolate, nearly sessile, coriaceous, shining, full of parallel veins, discoloured beneath ; branches 2-edged, quite smooth. T^ . S. Native of Brazil. Two-edged-hranched Myrtle. Shrub. M\TvTACEiE. XXVII. Myktus. XXVIII. Myrcia. 837 33 M. ? DioicA (Lin. spec. 675.) peduncles axillary and ter- minal, tricliotomously panicled, length of the leaves ; leaves ob- lonjj ; flowers dioecious. ';). S. Native of South America. M. dioica, .Sprang, syst. 2. p. 486. is probably ditt'ercnt from the plant of Lin. Dioecious Myrtle. Shrub. 34 M. iu'lva (Sproiig. syst. 2. p. 487.) panicle terminal ; flowers crowded ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, as well as the branches. 1; . S. Native of Japan. Beriy 2-3-cellod ; cells 1 -seeded. Branches and buds alternate. Leaves solitary, twin or tern. Said to be allied to Photinia, and most probably belongs to the one-styled Rosaceous plants. Fulvous Myrtle. Shrub. 35 M. ? umbractIcola (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 258.) racemes axillary, bipartite ; branchlets glabrous ; leaves on short petioles, lanceolate-oblong, very much acuminated, acutish at the base, coriaceous, shining, with revolute margins, puberulous on both surfaces. Ij . S. Native in shady places on the banks of the Orinoco, near Maypures. Calyx globose. Oxarium 2-celled ; cells biovulate. The number of petals and the fabric of the seeds are unknown. Shaded Myrtle. Shrub. 30 M. ? MAXIMA (Molin, chil. p. 173.) peduncles many- flowered ; leaves alternate, nearly oval ; trunk large. I^ . G. Native of Chili. Large Myrtle. Shrub 6 to 10 ft. 37 M. ? l.e'vis (Thunb. fl.jap. 198.) peduncles terminal, um- bellate; calyx 5-tootlicd ; leaves ovate, acuminated, acutely ser- rated, veiny, attenuated at both ends, coriaceous, shining above, reticulated with veins beneath, and clothed with fulvous villi, as well as the panicles and branches. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. The rest unknown. Smoolli Myrtle. Shrub. 38 M. psiDioiDES (Desv. in Hamilt. prod. fl. ind. occ. p. 44.) peduncles axillarj- and terminal, crowded, and are, as well as the calyxes, pubescent ; leaves somewhat ovate-lanceolate, acumin- ated, full of parallel nerves, pubescent beneath. Tj . S. Native of the West Indies. Perhaps a species of Myrcia. Guaia-like Myrtle. Shrub. 39 M. umbella'ta (Desv. 1. c. p. 45.) flowers axillary and terminal, in umbellate fascicles; calyx campanulate, 5-toothed; stem dichotomous, divaricate ; branches rather cinereous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous, veiny, nearly sessile. Jj . S. Native of Guiana. Perhaps a species of Myrcia. UmbeUate-Rowervd Myrtle. Shrub. 40 M. CAULIFLORA (Mart.) trunk and branches excorticated, and bearing the flowers ; leaves lanceolate, long-aeurainated, ;o»e(/-leaved Myrcia. Shrub 3 to 6 ft. 2 M. ? Bai.bisia'na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 243.) peduncles axil- lary, longer than the leaves, cymosely-corymbose, bifid, and are, as well as the compressed branches, full of dots ; flowers 5- cleft, sessile in the forks of the corymb, the others pedicellate; bracteoles linear ; leaves oval, obtuse, glabrous, full of pellucid dots. y^ . S. Native of Guadaloupe. Peduncles sometimes 2, concrete, teretish, ending in 4 bifid 5-flowered branchlets. Calyx dotted, with a silky tube, and a 5-lobed obtuse glabrous limb. Seeds unknown. Balhis's Myrcia. Shrub 4 to 0 ft. 3 M. nivAuicA^TA (D. C. 1. c.) racemes axillar)', panicled ; pedicels opposite, divaricate ; flowers 5-cleft ; leaves oval-lan- ceolate, attenuated at both ends, hardly veined, fidl of pellucid dots, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous. H . S. Native of St. Domingo and Martinique. — Plum. ed. Burm. t. 208. f. 1. Eugenia divaricata. Lam. diet. 3. p. 203. Myrtus laurifolia, Hort. par. Myrtus divaricata, Ham. prod. fl. ind. occ. p. 45. Berry ovoid, dark blue, 1-seeded. Allied to E. virgultosa, but distinct. Divaricate iMyrcia. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. 4 M. soRoiuA (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, shorter than the leaves, downy, having the flowers crowded in racemes »'« chrtjsophijUa or E. chnjsophijlloides, but it differs in the inflor- escence. Fruit globose, glabrous, 2-3-seeded. Seeds large, an- CTular, roundish. Cotyledons thickish, corrugated. Rusty Myrcia. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. 23 M. crassine'rvia (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, solitary, or twin, panicled, shorter than the leaves ; flowers bluntly 5- lobed ; leaves oval, abruptly acuminated, feather-nerved, and girded by a marginal nerve, coriaceous, opaque, shining above, clothed with rufous velvety down beneath, as well as the panicles and branehlets. I; . S. Native of French Guiana. M. lati- folia, Forsyth in herb. L'Her. Lateral nerves of leaves thick and prominent beneath. Fruit nearly globose, crowned, at length glabrous, 1-seeded. Seed roundish. Cotyledons fo- liaceous, corrugately plicate. Thick-neroed-\eA\eA Myrcia. Shrub. 24 M. bractea'ta (D. C. I.e.) peduncles axillary, 3-flowered, bearing opposite, leafy bracteas in the middle and at the base of the flowers, shorter than the leaves ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, tapering into an elongated acumen, with rather revolute, ciliated margins, having the middle nerve hairy on both surfaces ; branches hispid ; calyxes villous. Tj . S. Native of Cayenne and Brazil. Eugenia bracteata. Rich. act. soc. hist. nat. par. 1792. p. 110. ^fyrtus bracteata. Mart. herb. Leaves 2 inches long, and 9-10 lines bro.ad, shining. Tube of calyx ovate. Style inflexed. Bracteas coloured, according to Richard. Flowers 5-cleft, rarely 4-cleft. The fruit is that of Myrcia, according to the specimen. Bractcale Myrcia. Shrub. * * Species natives of Brazil. f Fruit nearly globose, \-3-celled. a. Leaves on long or short petioles, never cordate at the base. 25 M. Haynea'na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 246.) peduncles .axil- lary, shorter than the leaves, racemose or subpanicled, hairy ; tube of calyx with a short, villous tube, and 5 roundish pubes- cent lobes ; leaves oval-oblong, acuminated, full of pellucid dots, reticulately veined, glabrous in the adult state, except on the nerves beneath as well as the branches, which are rather hairy ; buds silky. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, at Mato-Virga. Myrtus Hayneana, Mart. herb. Leaves 3 inches long and an inch broad. Petioles 1-2 lines long. There are some black bristles at the axils of the leaves, which are almost stipular. Branehlets compressed. Fruit unknown. The shrub agrees with M. sororia on the one hand, and with M. bracteata on the other. Haync's Myrcia. Shrub. 26 M. MYAPORiNA (D. C. 1. c.) pcdunclcs axillary, opposite, racemose, 5-9-flowered, almost bractless, about equal in length to the leaves ; fruit globose, crowned by the lobes of the calyx, which are bluntish ; leaves oblong, obtuse, or nearly obovate, dot- ted on both surfaces, nearly nerveless and almost glabrous, even 840 MYRTACE;^. XXVIII. Myrcia. when young, as well as the branchlets. T^ . S. Native of Bra- zil. Myrtus punctata, Mart. mss. but not of Sprang. A shrub, about 5 or C feet high, with erectly spreading branches. Fruit at first scarlet, but at length dark purple. Leaves 15 lines long. Seeds 2-3, smooth. Myaporum-like Myrcia. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 27 M. sALiciFOLiA (D. C. 1. c.) peduucles a.Killary, few- flowered, racemose, rather shorter than the leaves, glabrous ; fruit globose, crowned by the lobes of the calyx, which are 5 and obtuse ; leaves lanceolate-linear, attenuated at both ends, full of pellucid dots, glabrous in the adult state, but pubescent when young, as well as the branches. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, at Rio Tapura. Myrtus salicif olia. Mart. herb. Leaves 2 inches long and 4 lines broad. Fruit the size of a pea. Seeds not seen. Flowers unknown. Willow-leaved Myrcia. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 28 M. DAPiiNoiDES (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, longer than the leaves, panicled, clothed with rufous hairs ; lobes of calyx 5, roundish, ciliated in the young state ; leaves oblong, obtuse, cuneated at the base, opaque, stiff, crowded, rather vil- lous on both surfaces when young, but in the adult state gla- brous above and puberulous beneath ; branchlets clothed with rufous down. 1^. S. Native of Brazil, near Camabuao. Branches short, spreading, very leafy, when young sometimes compressed. Leaves an inch and a half long, but liardly half an inch broad, full of impressed dots on the upper surface when old. Racemes nearly 2 inches long. Fruit unknown. Daphne-like Myrcia. Sh. 6 to 10 ft. 29 i\I. nigre'scens (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, nearly terminal, panicled, divaricately branched, longer than the leaves; branches and flowers quite glabrous ; leaves oval-oblong, at- tenuated at the base, obtuse at the apex, opaque, stiff, almost nerveless, except the middle nerve, quite glabrous on both surfaces. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, at the river Amazon. Myrtus nigrescens, Mart. herb. Leaves 2 inches long, and 8-12 lines broad, of an obscure green colour. Petioles 2-3 lines long, wrinkled, having the epidermis separating, as if it were transversely. Branches white. Lobes of calyx 5, round- ish, deciduous, rather irregular. Fruit unknown. Blaclnsh Myrcia. Sh. 4 to 8 ft. 30 M. BANisTERi/EFOLiA (D. C. 1. c.) pedunclcs axillary, op- posite, twice trifid, a little sliorter than the leaves ; leaves ellip- tic, bluntisli, membranous, opaque, glabrous above, but villous beneath from adpresscd rufescent down, as well as the branch- lets, peduncles, and flowers. (j . S. Native of Brazil, in fields near Yta, in the province of St. Paul. Myrtus banisterisefolia. Mart. herb. Leaves an inch and a half long, and 9 lines broad, of an obscure green. Flowers small, 5-clcft. Fruit unknown. Banisteria-leaved Myrcia. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 31 M. PALu'sTRis (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, panicled, longer than the leaves ; flowers crowded at the tops of the branchlets, and are as well as the bracteas downy ; leaves oval, cuneated at the base, obtuse, opaque, glabrous above, paler be- neath and dotted, puberulous on the nerves. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in marshes in the province of St. Paul. Myrtus pah'is- tris. Mart. herb. Leaves an inch and a half long and an inch broad. Petioles 2 lines long. Panicle 2 inches long, pubescent. Lobes of calyx 5, obtuse. Habit almost of M. hanisteri(^Julia. Marsh Myrcia. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 32 M. hebepe'tala (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, nearly terminal, racemosely panicled, and are as well as the calyxes and branches hairy ; calyx bluntly 5-lobed ; leaves oblong, somewhat acuminated, with a few pellucid dots, clothed with adpressed, silky down in the young state, but glabrous above and rather hairy beneath in the adult state. T^ . S. Native of Brazil. Myrtus pseudo-caryophyllus, Gomez? ex herb. Mart. Leaves 3 inches long and an inch broad. Petiole 3 lines long. Flower-bud globose. Petals pubescent on the outside. Fruit unknown. Hainj-petalled Myrcia. Sh. 4 to 8 ft. 33 M. erioca'lyx (D. C. prod. 3. p. 247.) peduncles axillary, racemosely panicled, longer than the leaves, and are as well as the panicles clothed with velvety villi ; calyx 5-cleft, very villous ; leaves elliptic, oblong, with revolute margins, rather coriaceous, opaque, glabrous above, but velvety beneath. I7 . S. Native of Brazil, in woods in the district of the diamonds. Leaves an incli long and 5-G lines broad, nerveless above, nerved beneath : with 2 small, nearly abortive ones, produced from the axils of the racemes. Bracteas foliaceous, deciduous. WooUy-calyxcd Myrcia. Sh. 4 to C ft. 34 M. pube'scens (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, panicled, rather shorter than the leaves, or longer ; bracteas, calyxes, and young leaves clotlied with adpressed, somewhat rufescent down ; leaves oval, obtuse, full of pellucid dots while young : but opaque and glabrous on the upper surface, and clothed with rufescent down on the under surface in the adult state ; lobes of calyx 5, obtuse. T^ . S. Native of Brazil, in elevated fields, in the province of Minas Geraes. Leaves 30 lines long, and 12 lines broad. Panicle 1^ to 3 inches long. Fruit unknown. Pubescent Myrcia. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 35 M. ? jtACRo'cHLAMYS (D. C. I. c.) pcdunclcs axillary, and nearly terminal, few-flowered ; branchlets and bracteas clothed with velvety tomentum ; tube of calyx turbinate, shorter than the lobes, which are oblong ; bracteoles 2, inserted at the base of the calyx ; leaves oval, obtuse, reticulately veined, when young rather villous, full of pellucid dots, but glabrous, stiff, and opaque in the adult state. I; . S. Native of Brazil, in the desert of Bahia. Shrub 10 feet. Leaves pale, 18 lines long and 9 broad. Petioles 2-3 lines long. Peduncles 9-10 lines long. Flower-bud globose. Staminiferous torus broad. Fruit un- known. Zo«o-f/ooA-e(; Myrcia. Sh. 10 ft. 36 M. RU~FiPEs (D. C. I. c.) panicles axillary, longer than the leaves, and terminal, many-flowered, clotlied with velvety, rufous down as well as the branchlets ; calyx with a glabrous subglobose tube, and 5 ovate lobes, which are clothed witii rufescent down ; leaves oval, obtuse, full of pellucid dots when young, clothed with rufous villi on the nerve, but in the adult state glabrous on both surfaces. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of the mines. Myrtus rufipes. Mart. herb. Leaves 2 inches long, and an inch broad. Petioles 2 lines long. Bracteas and brac- teoles almost wanting. Bark usually separating from the epi- dermis, which is rufous. Riifous-pelioled Myrcia. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 37 M. campe'stris (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles panicled, many- flowered, axillary, and terminal, longer than the leaves ; calyx and branchlets densely clothed with rufous down ; bracteoles setaceous ; leaves oval-oblong, with rather revolute margins, opaque, glabrous above, puberulous on the nerve beneath. h . S. Native of Brazil, in fields, in the provinces of the mines. Myrtus campestris, Mart. herb. Very like 31. riifpes, but differs in the leaves being narrower and in the bracteas being elongated. The leaves are sometimes disposed 3 in a whorl. Fruit unknown. Field Myrcia. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 38 M. Schrankia'na (D. C. I. c ) peduncles axillary, twice or thrice longer than the leaves, rather ])ubescent, panicled, and rather corymbose at the apex ; calyx with a glabrous tube, and 5 somewhat ciliated lobes ; leaves oval, nearly sessile, full of pellucid dots when young, with the margin and nerve villous: but opaque and glabrous in the adidt state ; branches clothed .MVUTACE.T:. XXVIII. Myrcia. 841 with rufous villi. I- . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of IMinas Geraes, in tlie desert called the Certao. Mv'rtus Schrank- iana, Mart. herb. Leaves 10-1.3 lines long, .nnd 1-5 broad. A shrub 3-4 feet high, with dense branches. Peduncles 2 inches long. Lobes of calyx obtuse. Fruit ludcnown. .Schraiik's Myrcia. Sh. .'J to 4 ft. .'39 M. E.xsu'cc.v (I). C. I.e.) peduncles axillary and tcrmin.il, panicled, longer than the leaves ; bractcas and calyxes ciliated while young; leaves elliptic or obovate, obtuse, membranous, full of pellucid dots, glabrous except on the nerves, margins, and petioles, which are rather pnberulous ; branchlets puberu- lous. h . S. Native of Brai^il, in fields. Myrtus Dnarti and M. exsi'icca. Mart. herb. Leaves pale, an inch and a half long, 8-10 lines broad. Fruit unknown. Dry Myrcia. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 40 M. ? leucophl.e\\ (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oval, acute, w ith a few pellucid dots, glabrous; peduncles axillary, and nearly ter- minal, racemosely panicled, shorter than the leaves, and are as well as the buds clothed with rufous velvety down ; flower-buds obovate, small, glabrous; lobes of calyx 5, very short. V^ • ^■ Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia, in woods. Myrtus leucophla'a, Mart. herb. Branches white, separating from the e])idermis. Leaves 3 inches long, and half an inch broad. Pe- tioles 2-3 lines long. Racemes 15 lines long. Fruit small. White-juiced Myrcia. Sh. 4 to G ft. 41 M. Linkia'na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 218.) peduncles axillary, nearly terminal, panicled, shorter than the leaves, and are as well as the branches clothed with soft velvety villi ; calyx with a villous tube, and 5 roundish, smoothish lobes ; leaves oblong, acuminated, full of pellucid dots, membranous, narrowed at the base, with the margins revolute, glabrous above, but clothed with soft velvety down beneath. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in woods in the province of Rio Janeiro, near Retiro. Myrtus Linkiana, Mart. herb. Leaves 3-4 inches long and 10-17 lines broad. Flowers sinall. Bracteas small, deciduous. Link's Myrcia. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 42 M. exi'mia (D. C. 1. c.) panicles axillary, a little shorter than the leaves, many-flowered, densely clothed with velvety short tomentum, as well as the calyxes, branchlets, and young leaves ; lobes of calyx 5, obtuse ; leaves oval-oblong, acumin- ated, stif}", opaque, reticulately veined, in the adult glabrous above, and velvety beneath ; branchlets somewhat compressed. y^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, in the desert. Leaves pale, 4 inches long, and 1^ and 2 inches broad, on short velvety petioles. A beautiful tree, about 30 feet high. Choice Myrcia. Tr. 30 ft. 43 M. cordi«f6lia (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary and nearly terminal, jjanicled, shorter than the leaves, hairy ; calyx clothed with silky villi, with 5 very blunt lobes ; leaves ovate, obtuse, opaque, stiff, glabrous above, and a little blistered, velvety beneath : with the nerves reticulated, very prominent, and areo- late. fj. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul. Myrtus cordicefolia. Mart. herb. Leaves bluntish at the base, 9 inches long and 4-5 inches broad. Petioles 7 lines long. Flower-bud globose, downy. Bark of the branches rufous. Fruit unknown. Var. ft, minor ; leaves acutish, one half smaller than those of the species. Heart-leaved Myrcia. Shrub. 44 M. vESTfTA (D. C. 1. c.) panicle terminal, branched, many- flowered ; branches, bracteas, and calyxes, densely clothed w ith tomentum ; calycine lobes 5, obtuse ; leaves elliptic, acutish, almost sessile, opaque above, and rather villous, but densely clothed with hoary tomentum beneath, opposite or alternate, 1- . S. Native of Brazil, in ihc provinces of the mines, in ele- VOL. ir. rated fields. Myrtus vestita. Mart. herb. Petals oval-orbicular. Leaves 2 inches long and an inch broad. Fruit unknoivn. l-'ar. ft, obtusif'otia (1). C. I. c) leaves broader and blunter; panicle rather rufescent. fj . S. Native of Brazil. Clothed Myrcia. Sh. 5 to 10 ft. 45 M. specta'btlis (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary and nearly terminal, panlculately corymbose, coiupressed, a little shorter than the haves, and are as well ;is the bracteas and calyxes clothed with somewhat silky velvety down ; leaves oval-oblong, acun)inated, fidl of pellucid dots, rather villous from deciduous down on the upper surface, and rather hairy on the nerves and nervules beneath. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in woods in the province of Rio Janeiro. Myrtus spectabllls. Mart. herb. Leaves 7 inches long and 2 inches broad, on very short petioles, with the nerves reticulately veined. Flowers in fiscicles, on the ultimate branchlets of the panicle. Petals, when in the bud, as well as the calyx, clothed with silky down on the outside. Fruit unknown. Shew// Myrcia. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 46 M. macrophy'lla (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillarj', and ne.Trly terminal, one half shorter than the leaves, panicled ; pedi- cels distant, hardly pubescent ; fruit obovate-globose, smoothish, crowned by the calycine lobes, which are roundish and connlvent ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, or shortly acuminated, full of pellucid dots, rather membranous, glabrous above and reticulately veined, rather pubescent on the nerves and veins beneath. ^ . S. Na- tive of Brazil, at Coari. Leaves 9 inches long, and 2j inches broad, standing on short pubescent petioles. Leaf-buds downy. Branches terete, glabrous. Long-leaved Myrcia. Sh. 4 to 6 feet. 47 M. MAGNOLi^FOLiA (D. C. 1. c.) pcduncles axillary and nearly terminal, panicled, one half shorter than the leaves, com- pressed, downy ; flowers crowded on the ultimate branches ; tube of calyx clothed with white villi, but the calycine lobes are orbi- cular and smoothish ; leaves oval-oblong, acutish, stiff, opaque, shining above, clothed with velvety pubescence on the under surface, as well as the branchlets : with the nerves parallel, and the veins reticulated between them. fj . S. Native of Brazil, at the Rio Negro. Leaves somewhat downy beneath, 5-6 inches long, \^ to 2 inches broad, standing on petioles, which are 1-2 lines long. Flower-bud nearly globose. Fruit unknown. 1^ ar. ft ; leaves short-acuminated ; fruit globose, glabrous. Magnolia-leaved Myrcia. Sh. 5 to 10 ft. 48 M. macroca'rpa (D. C. prod. 3. p. 249.) panicle com- pound, terminal, glabrous, longer than the leaves ; fruit glo- bose, depressed, crowned by the short, obtuse lobes of the calyx ; leaves elliptic, acutish, coriaceous, opaque, shining above, and quite glabrous on both surfaces, as well as the branches. fj . S. Native of Brazil, on Mount Formosa, in the province of Rio Janeiro, AWied to M. Neesiana. Branches white. Leaves 4 inches long and 1^ broad. Fruit 6 lines broad, and 4 lines long, glabrous, 2-seeded. Seeds with a smooth testa. Cotyle- dons corrugated. Long-fruited Myrcia. Shrub. 49 M. Neesia'na (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, racemose, few-flowered, pubescent, about half the length ol the leaves ; fruit ovate-globose, scabrous, crowned by the lobes of the calyx, which are ovate and obtuse ; leaves oval-oblong, ter- minating in a short, blunt acumen each, opaque, glabrous on both surfaces ; branchlets hairy. h . S. Native of Brazil, in woods at the river Amazon. Myrtus Ncesi^na, Mart. herb. Leaves 4-5 inches long, and 1^ broad, standing on ])ctloles, which are 3 lines long. Calyx pubescent when in flower. Fruit size of a large pea, but obovate. Seeds 1-2. Nees's Myrcia. Tr. 20 to 30 ft. 50 M. Maragna'na (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles disposed in a 5P 842 MYRTACE^. XXVIII. Myrcia. terminal panicle, and are, as well as the branches and calyxes, glabrous ; limb of calyx 5-parted, short, deciduous ; fruit globose, 2-3-seeded ; leaves oval, bluntly acuminated, attenuated at the base, coriaceous, opaque, quite glabrous, smooth above. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Maragnon. Myrtus Marag- nana. Mart. herb. Leaves 24-28 lines long, and 8-9 lines broad, standing on petioles 1-2 hnes long. Panicle hardly longer than the leaves. Maragnon Myrcia. Shrub. 51 M. sepia'ria (D. C. 1. c.) panicles axillary and terminal, many-flowered; peduncles compressed, rather pubescent, longer than the leaves ; calycine lobes obtuse ; leaves oval-oblong, bluntly acuminated, stiff, with a few scattered, pellucid dots, shining above, and glabrous on both surfaces, as well as the branchlets. fj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia. Myrtus sepiaria. Mart. herb. Leaves 24-28 lines long, and 8-9 lines broad, standing on petioles 1-2 lines long. Lower pedun- cles 2 inches long, all near together, so as to form a terminal panicle. Bracteas small, obtuse, pubescent as well as the ca- lyxes, when young. Hedge Myrcia. Shrub. 52 M. littorVlis (D. C. 1. c.) panicles axillary and terminal, many-flowered, longer than the leaves, clothed with adpressed pubescence ; calycine tube clothed witli white down ; calycine lobes very short, hardly distinct, obtuse, at length spreading ; leaves oval, obtuse, opaque, stiffish, nearly veinless, except the middle nerve, glabrous on both surfaces in the adult state, but rather downy when young, as well as the branchlets. ^2 • S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia, among bushes. Myr- tus littoralis. Mart. herb. Leaves nearly 2 inches long, and an inch broad. Petioles hardly a line long. Branches compressed, but in the adult state terete and white. Shore Myrcia. Shrub. 53 M. 1'ubifl6ra (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary and nearly terminal, compressed, longer than the leaves, disposed in a branched panicle at the apex, downy as well as the flowers ; leaves elliptic, somewhat oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, opaque, glabrous on both surfaces in the adult state, but when young downy beneath ; branches pubescently villous. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, on the mountains in the provinces of the mines, at Serro Frio. Branches naked, in consequence of the epidermis being deciduous. Leaves 2^ inches long and an inch broad. Bracteas fiicescent, concave, deciduous. Flower-bud hairy, nearly globose. Calyx 5-cleft in the young state. Fruit unknown. Dorvnij-flvwered Myrcia. Shrub. 54 M. iiiRTiFLORA (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary or termi- nal, opposite, and disposed in a terminal panicle ; bracteas and calyxes very hairy ; calycine lobes short, acute ; petals glabrous ; leaves elliptic-oblong, bluntly and shortly acuminated at the apex, membranous, full of pellucid dots, glabrous on both sur- faces as well as the branches. h . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia, on the high mountain called Serra das Lages. Leaves about 3 inches long and 15-18 lines broad. Petioles 2 lines long. Fruit unknown. Ha'iry-florvered Myrcia. Shrub. 55 M. cAssiNoiDEs (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary and nearly terminal, racemose, clothed with velvety tomentum, longer than the leaves ; fruit globose, muricated, pubescent, crowned by the lobes of the calyx, which are rather villous, very obtuse and conniving ; leaves elliptic or oblong, obtuse, stiflT, opaque, crowded, clothed with velvety villi on both surfaces when young, as well as the branchlets, but glabrous on the upper surface in the adult state. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of the mines. Leaves glabrous, rather rufescent when young, from 1- 2 inches long, and 9-10 lines broad. Fruit the size of a pea. Seeds 2-3. Cotyledons corrugated. Cassine-like Myrcia. Tr. 10 to 15 ft. 56 M. venul6sa (D. C. prod. 3. p. 250.) peduncles axillary or terminal, panicled, velvety, longer than the leaves ; fruit globose, glabrous, rather muricated ; calycine lobes broad, ob- tuse, short ; leaves oblong, blnntish, somewhat cuneated at the base, opaque, reticulately veined on both surfaces, glabrous, and shining above, but clothed with dense, short, velvety tomentum beneath, as well as on the branchlets. f2 . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul. Myrtus venulosa. Mart. herb. Leaves an inch and a half long and 5-6 lines broad. Peduncles 2 inches long. Fruit the size of a pea, within the bearded limb of the calyx. Seeds 2. Cotyledons corrugated. Var. (3, Cnpoeirensis (D. C. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-oblong, less reticulated than in the species, and the fruit is less muricated. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in Capoeira. Perhaps a proper species. Veiny-leaved Myrcia. Shrub. 57 M. el«;ode'ndra (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, and nearly terminal, racemosely panicled, pubescent when young, about equal in length to the leaves ; calycine lobes 5, very blunt, smoothish ; leaves oblong- lanceolate, obtuse, full of pellucid dots, rather stiffish, glabrous on both surfaces ; petioles and branches densely clothed with soft rufescent down. I; . S. Na- tive of Brazil. A tree 15-20 feet high, with loose, spreading branches. Leaves pale, rather glaucous, 2 inches long, and 9-10 lines broad. Flowers distant on the racemes. Lower branches of peduncle 3-flowered, upper ones 1-flowered. Fruit unknown. E Iceodendron-lilce Myrcia. Tr. 15 to 20 ft. 58 M. TORTA (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, racemose, 7-9- flowered, length of leaves, nearly bractless ; fruit globose, crowned by the lobes of the calyx, which are short and roundish ; leaves oblong, obtuse, full of pellucid dots, somewhat attenuated at the base, and glabrous on both surfaces, as well as the branch- lets. \2 • S. Native of Brazil, on Serra Branca. Myrtus torta. Mart. herb. Leaves 2 inches long, and 9 lines broad, standing on petioles 1-2 lines long. Racemes an inch and a half long. Fruit glabrous, dark purple, shining. A tree 10- 12 feet higli, with twisted branches. Bark thick, greyish, chinky. Twisted Myrcia. Tr. 10 to 12 ft. 59 M. subalpe'stris (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary and nearly terminal, racemosely panicled, longer than the leaves, glabrous ; fruit globose, crowned by the lobes of the calyx, which are short, obtuse, and connivent ; leaves elliptic-oblong, obtuse at both ends, opaque, stiffish, glabrous above, but velvety from short tomentum beneath. In . S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of the mines. Myrtus subalpestris. Mart. herb. Shrub 3 feet. Branches erect, terete. Fruit black, glabrous. Seeds 2, with a smooth testa. Cotyledons corrugated. Fruit unknown. Alp Myrcia. Shrub 3 feet. 60 M. MYRTiLLiFOLiA (D. C. 1. c.) pcdunclcs axillary, longer than the leaves, panicidately corymbose, few-flowered, and are as well as the calyxes glabrous ; bracteoles nearly wanting ; branchlets rather pubescent ; leaves oval, coriaceous, pale, gla- brous, full of pellucid dots when young, reticulately veined be- neath, smoothish in the .tdult state, opaque, and therefore dotless. \l . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia. Myrtus myrtillifolia. Mart. herb. Very like il/. ramulosa, but differs in the leaves being more coriaceous, pale ; in the racemes being more crowded and corymbose, with hardly any bracteoles. Myrtle-leaved Myrcia. Tr. 20 to 30 ft. 61 M.? RAMULOSA (D. C. I.e.) racemes axillary, 3-5-flowered, about the length of the leaves ; bracteoles setaceous, under the pedicels, and shorter than them ; calycine lobes short ; leaves oval, full of jjcllucid dots, membranous, reticulately veined, glabrous, but rather villous on the nerve beneath, and on the mar- gins and petioles ; branches compressed, clotiied with velvety MYRTACE^. XXVIII. Myrcia. 843 hairs beneath. 1; . S. Native of Brazil. Myrtiis virgultosa, Mart. herb, but not of Swnrtz. Flowers small, glabrous. Fruit unknown. Leaves j-G lines long, 1-5 lines broail. yar. /5, multijlura (D. C. 1. c.) racemes panicled, 12-iiO-flow- ered, longer than the leaves. Perhaps distinct from var. a. Branched Myrcia. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. C2 M. Amazonica (I). C. 1. c.) peduncles shorter than thc leaves, rather hairy, raceniosely panicled ; fruit nearly spherical, glabrous, crowned by the lobes of the calyx, which are short and obtuse ; leaves elliptic-oblong, bhuitly acuminated, opaque, stiffish, reticulately veined, glabrous on both surfaces ; branch- lets pubescent. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, on the banks of the river Amazon. Myrtus Amazonica, Mart. herb. Leaves nearly 3 inches long and 1 broad ; petioles 2 lines long. Fruit 1- seeded, and globose; 2-sceded and somewhat didymous; or 3- seeded and bluntly 3-sided. Seeds with a smooth testa. Co- tyledons corrugated. Flowers unknown. Amazon Myrcia. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 63 M. fenestra'ta (D. C. prod. 3. p. 251.) peduncles axillary, rather panicled, one half shorter than the leaves, rather hairy ; fruit ovate-globose, smoothish, crowned by the lobes of the calyx, which are small and bluntish ; leaves nearly sessile, ovate, obtuse at the base and somewhat cordate, acuminated at the ajiex, fidl of pellucid dots ; lateral nerves at equal distances, and blistered between the veins : middle nerve hispid beneatli ; branchlets 2-edged, rather hairy. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, on the banks of rivers, at Ega. Myrtus fenestrata. Mart. Leaves 3 inches long and 1^ inch broad. Seeds 2. Cotyledons corru- Fruit unknown. JVindon'cd Myrcia. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 64 M. I'ERTu'sA (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, twice shorter than the leaves, panicled, somewhat compressed ; calyxes pubes- cent, obtusely 5-lobed ; leaves oblong, long-acuminated, some- what attenuated at the base, full of pellucid dots, glabrous on both surfaces ; branchlets terete, hardly pubescent. ^ . S. Native of Brazil. Allied to M. fenestrata, but the branches are not 2-edged, and the leaves are one half narrower, nearly all glabrous, or bearing small pili on the nerves beneath. Flowers nearly of M. pseudo-mini. Fruit unknown. Pertuse-leaved Myrcia. Sh. 4 to G ft. 65 M. leucode'ndron (D. C. prod. 3. p. 251.) peduncles axillary, and nearly terminal, panicled. clothed with minute, ad- pressed pubescence, equal in length to the leaves ; calycine lobes glabrous, roundish, rather irregular ; leaves oval-oblong, some- what acuminated, membranous, full of pellucid dots, rather puberulous when young as well as the branchlets, but glabrous in the adult state. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. A tree 30 feet high, with the bark of the branches white. Leaves 2^ inches long, 9-10 lines broad. Petioles 1-2 lines long. Flowers almost of Af. nigrescens. Fruit unknown. White-tree Myrcia. Tr. 30 ft. 66 M. sph;eroca'rpa (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, cymosely jianicled, a little longer than the leaves ; fruit globose, crowned bj' the lobes of the calyx, which are short and obtuse ; leaves ellip- tic, cuneatedat the base, bluntly acuminated at the apex, full of pellucid dots, quite glabrous on both surfaces, as well as the branches and panicles. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. Habit of Eugenia Candolleana, but diflf'ers in the peduncles being longer, in the fruit being globose, and in the flowers being 5-cleft. Leaves nearly 2 inches long and 8-9 lines broad ; petioles 2 lines long. Fruit one half smaller than a pea. Round-fruited Myrcia. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 67 M. oblonga'ta (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, longer than the leaves, panicled at the apex, smoothish ; lobes of calyx small, roundish ; fruit globose ; leaves oblong, obtuse, coria- ceous, with a few pellucid dots, and are as well as the branchlets quite glabrous ; lateral nerves almost wanting. P; . S. Native of Brazil, in woods, in the province of St. Paul. Myrtus ob- longata. Mart. herb. Very nearly allied to 71/. sphcerocdrpa, and M. ilcgans. Flowers unknown. Leaves nearly 2 inches long and 6 lines broad. Floral leaves hardly an inch long. Seeds with a smooth testa. Cotyledons contortuplicato. Ohlong Myrcia. Tree. 68 M. e'legans (D. C. 1. c.) panicles axillary and terminal, loose, twice the length of the leaves, and arc as well as the flowers glabrous ; bracteas linear-oblong ; bracteoles almost wanting ; fruit globose, crowned by the lobes of the calyx, which are short and obtuse ; leaves oval, obtuse, opaque, stiff, and are as well as the branches glabrous, beset with impressed dots on the upper surface, when young pilose. Tj . .S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Para. Myrtus elegans. Mart. herb. Leaves 2 inches long, 10-14 lines broad. Petioles 2 inches long. Flowers small. Fruit size of a pea. Seeds 2. Cotyledons cor- rugated. Allied to M. Amazonicum. Elegant Myrcia. Shrub. 69 M. Camar^a'na (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary and nearly terminal, hardly longer than the leaves, panicled, and are as well as the flowers glabrous ; fruit spherical, dotted ; calycine lobes deciduous after flowering ; leaves oval, bluntly and shortly acu- minated, full of pellucid dots, hardly veiny, glabrous on both surfaces as well as the branchlets. Jj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia, near Enginhoda Ponte. Myrtus Ca- maraeana. Mart. herb. Leaves 2 inches long and 1 broad. F"ruit about the size of a pea, marked with a circular areola. Seeds 2, with a friable smooth testa. Cotyledons contortuplicate. Camara's Myrcia. Tr. 10 to 15 ft. 70 M. Spixia'na (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, loosely panicled, longer than the leaves ; bracteas and bracteoles almost wanting ; leaves cUiptic-obovate, rather cuneated at the base, obtuse at the apex, reticulately veined, with a few pellucid dots, rather membranous, quite glabrous on both surfaces, as well as the branches, panicles, and flowers. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, at the river Amazon. Leaves 2 inches long and an inch broad. Petioles hardly 2 lines long. Panicle 3-4 inches long. Flowers small. Lobes of calyx obtuse. Style exserted. Fruit unknown. Spix's Myrcia. Shrub. 71 M. COSTA TA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 252.) panicles axillary and terminal, many-flowered, length of the leaves, hardly pubes- cent ; tube of calyx clothed with white pubescence ; lobes of calyx bluntisli, smoothish ; leaves ovate, acuminated, full of pellucid dots, membranous, glabrous on both surfaces, feather- nerved and reticulately veined. Pj . S. Native of Brazil, near Bahia. Myrtus costata. Mart. herb. Allied to M. pseudo-mini. Leaves 2 inches long and an inch broad. Petioles 2-3 lines long. Flowers small. Bracteas oblong, deciduous, acute, under the pedicels. Fruit unknown. Ribbcd-haved Myrcia. Tr. 10 to 12 ft. 72 M. POLYANTHA (D. C. 1. c.) pedunclcs panicled, axillary and terminal, crowded, equal in length to the leaves, glabrous, as well as the calyxes and branchlets ; leaves ovate, bluntly acu- minated, coriaceous, full of pellucid dots, quite glabrous on both surfaces, smooth on the upper surface, and fuil of impressed dots. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the deserts in the province of Bahia. Myrtus polyantha. Mart. herb. Leaves 15-18 lines long, and 8-9 broad. Flowers small. Allied to 31. ambigua and 71/. pscudo-mhii, but quite glabrous. Fruit unknown. Many-Jiowcrcd Myrcia. Shrub. 73 M. AMBIGUA (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles panicled, axillary and terminal, longer than the leaves, and are, as well as the calyxes and branchlets, pubescent ; leaves oval, acuminated, with a few pellucid dots, having the veins hardly prominent, smoothish above, and full of impressed dots, glabrous on both surfaces. Ij . S. 5 P 2 844 MYRTACE.E. XXVIII. Myrcia. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of the mines. Eugenia Mini var. ? Mart. herb. Intermediate between M. pseudo-mini and M. multijiura. Inflorescence of M. muHiflhra, but rather downy. Fruit unknown. Var. (i, jmucijlbra {V). C. 1. c.) leaves rather narrower ; pa- nicles shorter, few-flowered. H . S. Native of Brazil. Per- haps the same as Eugenia Mini ? Mart. herb. Ambiguous Myrcia. Shrub. 74 M. PSEUDO-MINI (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, oppo- site, panicled, longer than the leaves or shorter ; calyx and buds villous; leaves elliptic-oblong, gradually acuminated, shining above, hardly reticulated, full of pellucid dots when examined by a lens ; flowers small, 5-cleft. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, at Rio Janeiro. Eugenia Mini, Mart. herb. Very like the plant figined by Aublet, but ditt'ers in the flowers being 5-cleft. Leaves hardly reticulated above, at length nearly smooth ; lower ones small, roundish, shorter than the peduncles ; upper ones large, rather longer than the peduncles. Petioles 2 lines long. Fruit ovate-globose, blackish, 2-seeded, crowned by the lobes of the calyx, which are very blunt, and somewhat conniving. Seeds smooth. Cotyledons contortuplicate. False-mini Myrcia. Shrub. 75 M. coRYMBosA (D. C. 1. c.) panicles terminal, oppositely bi anched, subcorymbose ; bracteas and bracteoles almost want- ing ; leaves oval, bluntly acuminated, opaque, quite glabrous, as well as the branches, panicles, and flowers. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, at Rio Tapura. Leaves 3 inches long, and 15-18 lines broad. Petioles hardly 2 lines long. Flowers small, quinquefid. Fruit unknown. Corii/m6o*e-flowered Myrcia. Shrub. 76 M. LAURiFOLiA (D. C. 1. c.) panicles axillary and nearly terminal, shorter than the leaves or longer, glabrous, as well as the flowers ; bracteas linear-oblong; calycine lobes roundish; leaves oval, obtuse, stiflT, opaque, nearly veinless except the middle nerve, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous, fj • '^• Native of Brazil, in the province of Para. M. laurifolia, Mart, herb. Leaves pale, 2 inches long, nearly one inch broad. Pe- tioles 2 lines long. Flowers small. Fruit unknown. Laurel-leaved Myrcia. Shrub. 77 M. pa'llens (D. C. I.e.) peduncles panicled, axillary and nearly terminal, a little longer than the leaves, and are, as well as the calyxes and branchlets, glabrous; leaves exactly oval, obtuse at both ends, glabrous, glaucous, full of pellucid dots, as well as being dotted with brown beneath. ^2 • S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of the Mines. My'rtus torta. Mart. herb. Leaves 9-10 lines long, and 5-6 lines broad, finely veined. Bracteoles small, setaceous ; lobes of calyx obtuse. Shrub twisted, 10 feet high. Fruit unknown. Pale Myrcia. Shrub 10 ft. 78 M. dec6rticans(D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary and nearly terminal, rather longer than the leaves, panicled, rather hairy ; lobes of calyx orbicular, white, and are, as well as the tube, gla- brous ; leaves ovate-elliptic, short-acuminated, fidl of pellucid dots when young, opaque stiflish and glabrous in the adult state ; branchlets puberulous, separating from the epidermis. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Myrtus decorticata, Mart. herb. Leaves hardly acute, 3 inches long, and lA inch broad, with somewhat revolute margins. Petioles 1-2 lines long, at length transversely subrimose. Petals 5, orbicular. Seeds 2, accord- ing to Martius. Decoiticated^lyxc\a.. Tree 10 ft. 79 M. LAsiopus (D. C. prod. ,'i. p. 253.) peduncles axillary and terminal, crowded into a panicle, many-flowered, longer than the leaves, and are, as well as the bracteas, hairy ; calyxes glan- dular, bluntly 5-lobed ; leaves ovate, obtuse at both ends, cori- aceous, opaque, glabrous, as well as the branches. Ij . S. Na- tive in fields in the provinces of the Mines. Eugenia lasiopus, Mart. herb. vVllied to M. puhescens on the one hand, and to M. decorlieata on the other. Leaves an inch and a half long. Petioles a line long. Flowers small, crowded. Fruit unknown. There are varieties of this species with very blunt, and acutish leaves, which are obtuse at the base, but hardly cordate. Hairy-peduncled Myrcia. Shrub 8 to 10 ft. 80 M. DURiu'scuLA (Mart. herb, ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 253.) peduncles panicled, axillary and nearly terminal, rather shorter than the leaves, and are, as well as the bracteas, hispid ; calyxes glandular, glabrous, bluntly 5-lobed ; leaves broad, ovate, ob- tuse at both ends, coriaceous, opaque, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous. tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia. Perhaps merely a variety of A/, lasiopus, but the pa- nicles are shorter and less hairy. Hardish Myrcia. Shrub 8 to 10 ft. 81 M. PRUNiFOLiA (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles supra-axillary, equal in length to the leaves or longer, panicled, and are, as well as the branchlets, clothed with soft hairs ; calyx with a vil- lous globose tube, and ovate ciliated spreadingly reflexed lobes ; leaves oval or ovate or obovate, full of pellucid dots, membra- nous, glabrous on the upper surface in the adult state. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes. Myrtus prunifolia. Mart. herb. A very variable species, or many are confused under this name. I ar. a, anguxtiur (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oval, attenuated at both ends ; panicle villous, with its branches compressed and diva- ricating. J^ar. 13, obovata (D. C. 1. c.) leaves broadly obovate ; panicle pubescent, sparingly branched, equal in length to the leaves ; fruit globose, irregularly hollowed out into empty cells, but this is probably occasioned by insects. t ar. y, ovala (D. C. 1. c.) leaves broadly ovate, rather opaque; panicle hardly pubescent, longer than the leaves ; fruit didy- )nous, globose. Seeds 2, with a brittle testa. Cotyledons con- tortuplicate. Plum- /caved Myrcia. Shrub. 82 M.? curatell;ef6lia (D. C. 1. c.) panicle corymbose, nearly terminal ; peduncles compressed, clothed with canescent velvety down ; fruit globose, velvety, crowned by the calycine lobes, which are short, broad, and spreading ; leaves obovate, obtuse, somewhat cuneated at the base, membranous, opaque, smoothish above, and clothed with canescent velvety down be- neath. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, in fields at Taubate, in the ])rovince of St. Paul. Myrtus curatellasfolia. Mart. herb. Fruit divided into many empty cells inside. Curutella-leaved Myrcia. Shrub ■!■ to 6 ft. S3 M.? pilosa (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, twice the length of the leaves, racemose or somewhat panicled, and are, as well as the branches and calyxes, hairy ; calyx with a globose tube, and ovate, acute, ciliated, spreadingly reflexed lobes ; leaves oblong or somewhat ovate, rather opaque, clothed with villi when in a young state, but glabrous on the upper surface in the adidt state, and velvety beneath, but at length smoothish. y^ . S. Native of Brazil. Myrtus pilosa. Mart. herb. Fruit globose, crowned by the spreading calyx, divided inwardly into 15-20 compartments, some of them empty, and some of them filled with seeds. Seed with a hard testa. This species is very doubtful ; it is probably a Myrtus or a Myrcia, or a new genus, or the fruit is probably deformed by insects. Pilose Myrcia. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. 84 M. seri'cea ; erect, much branched ; leaves oblong, acu- minated, glabrous above, and clothed with white silky down be- neath, on short petioles ; racemes panicled, axillary ; peduncles and bi anches tomentose. Ij . S. Native of Maranham, in Brazil. Silky Myrcia. Shrub 6 to 8 ft. MYUTACEiE. XXVUI. Myrcia. 81.5 85 M. i.tvis; braiiclied ; leaves oblong, ncuminatcd, gla- brous on both surfaces ; racemes paniclod, terminal, and axillary. Ij . S. Native of Maraiihani, in Brazil. Smooth Myrcia. Slirub (J to 8 ft. 86 M. FEKiu'oiNK A ; branched ; leaves oblong, acuminated, coriaceous, canesccnt above, rusly beneath ; racemes paniclcd, axillary, and terminal, f; . S. Native of Maranham, in Brazil. luisli/ Myrcia. Shrub G to 8 ft. 87 M. ri'BE'scENS ; branched ; leaves oblong, acuminated, pubescent above, and silky beneath ; racemes panided, axil- lary and terminal, pubescent. I7 . S. Native of Maranham, in Brazil. Pubescent Myrcia. Shrub ^^ to 6 ft. 88 M. ANGu'sTA ; leaves narrow, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous on both surfaces ; racemes panicled, axillary and terminal. Ij . S. Native of Maranham, in Brazil. A'arrow-leaved Myrcia. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. b. Leaves sessile, cordate at the base. 89 M. subcorda'ta (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles compressed, axil- lary, nearly terminal, panicled, disposed in a kind of corymb, glabrous, as well as the calyxes ; leaves sessile, bluntly cordate, broadly ovate, obtuse, coriaceous, opaque, glabrous on both sur- faces in the adult state, but when young covered with deciduous down beneath. \^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of the Mines. Calycine lobes broad, obtuse, short. Fruit globose, crowned by the circular calyx. Seeds shining, very aromatic. Cotyledons contortuplicate. Leaves 12-15 lines long, and 10-12 lines broad. Flowers unknown. SubcordatcAeayeHi Myrcia. Shrub 3 to 4 ft. 90 M. varia'bilis (D. C. prod. 3. p. 254.) peduncles axillary and nearly terminal, longer than the leaves, panicled, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous and somewhat compressed; leaves sessile, half stcm-clasping, cordate, coriaceous, dotiess, glabrous, reticulately veined, with the veins elevated on the upper sur- face. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of the Mines. Myrtus variabilis. Mart. herb. Calycine lobes broad, obtuse, glabrous. Allied to il/. dcalbata, and having its leaves and branchlets clouded with white as in that species ; and is per- haps merely a variety of it with different formed leaves. Var. a, ovatifblia (Mart, herb.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, bluntly acuminated. Tj . S. Leaves an inch and a half long, and 8-9 lines broad. Jar. ft, intermedia (Mart, herb.) leaves ovate, bluntish. I^ . S. Leaves an inch long, and 6-7 lines broad. I'ar. y, nummularia (D. C. 1. c.) leaves nearly orbicular, somewhat emarginate at the apex. Tj . S. Leaves nearly an inch broad, and about the same in length. I'ariable Myrcia. Shrub. 91 M. dealba'ta (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary and termi- nal, panicled, longer than the leaves, and are, as well as the bracteas, glabrous, but sprinkled with white powder ; leaves ses- sile, cordate, half stem-clasping, coriaceous, stiff, reticulately veined, glabrous, pale. H . S. Native of Brazil, in the pro- vince of Minas Geraes. Myrtus dealbata, Mart. herb. Leaves an inch long, and 5 lines broad, dotiess. Calycine lobes broad, when young rather ciliated wlien examined by a lens, but at length glabrous, acutish. Petals roundish, glandular. In- florescence nearly as in M. cxsiicca. Fruit unknown. Whitened Myrcia. Shrub. 92 M. race.mi:l6sa (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, race- Hiose, twice the length of the leaves, 3-7-flowered, glabrous ; branchlets hairy ; leaves sessile, cordate, obtuse, coriaceous, quite glabrous, reticulately veined, doited, rather opaque, h^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of the Mines. My'rtus racc- mul6sa, Mart. herb. Leaves 3-4 lines long, and 3 lines broad, margined by a nerve. Flowers small, glabrous. Calycine lobes short, broad, blimt, glandular. A very distinct species, with the habit of lice'ckea. Inflorescence nearly as in M. ramido'ia. Fruit unknown. /I'rtci m»/o.«-flovvered Myrcia. Shrub 2 to 3 ft. 93 M. scuTULiFERA (D. C. 1. c.) pcdunclos axillary and nearly terminal, panicled, glabrous, many-flowered, 4 times the length of the leaves ; leaves sessile, cordate-ovate, reticulately veined, coriaceous, opaque, glabrous ; branchlets rather hairy. I^ . S. Native of Brazil, in fields in the provinces of the Minos. Myrtus scutulifera, Mart. herb. Very like M. racemulosa, but the flowers are more numerous but siiuilar, the leaves are also similar, but longer, and the branchlets less hairy. It is proljably only a variety of it. Saucer bearing Myrcia. Shrub. 94 M. ALB0-T0MENT<3SA (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary and terminal, panicled, longer than the leaves, and are, as well as branches and bracteas, hairy ; calyxes very hairy ; leaves ses- sile, cordate, ovate, bluntish, coriaceous, opaque, glabrous above, densely clothed with velvety tomentuin beneatli. Jj . S. Native of Brazil, at the river St. Francisco, in the provinces of the Mines. Myrtus albo-tonientosa, Mart. herb. Leaves 8-10 lines long, and 7-9 lines broad, when young \ illous beneath. Calycine lobes blunt. Fruit unknown. JVhite-tomcntose Myrcia. Shrub. 95 M. lasia'ntha (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary and nearly terminal, collected into a panicle, intermixed with leaves, and are, as well as the branchlets and calyxes, very hairy ; leaves sessile, half stem-clasping, cordate, ovate, acutish, coriaceous, opaque, villous beneath, smooth and glabrous above. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of the Mines. My'rtus lasiantha, Mart. herb. Leaves 5-6 lines long, and 4-5 broad, crowded, somewhat reticulately veined, and villous on the upper surface. Panicle clothed with soft hairs, many-flowered. Caly- cine lobes broad, bluntish. Fruit unknown. IVooUij-Jlonered Myrcia. Shrub. § 2. Oocdrpce (from wov, oon, an egg, and KapvoQ, karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the shape of the fruit). D. C. prod. 3. p. 254. Fruit ovate or oblong. 96 M. Be'rberis (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles panicled, axillary or terminal, shorter than the leaves; fruit oblong, rather elliptic, crowned by the short obtuse calycine lobes ; leaves elliptic, ter- minated in a long abrupt acumen each, coriaceous, when young full of pellucid dots, but in the adult state opaque, and shining above, quite glabrous on both surfaces, as well as the branchlets and panicles. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, at the river Tapura ; and of French Guiana. Myrtus Berberis, Mart. herb. Leaves 4 inches long, and hardly an inch and a half broad. Petioles 2-3 lines long. Panicle 2-3 inches long. Bracteoles small, de- ciduous. Fruit 3 lines long, 1 -seeded. Cotyledons corru- gated. Berberry-like Myrcia. Shrub. 97 M. FoRMOsiA NA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 255.) peduncles pa- nicled, rather shorter than the leaves, axillary or nearly termi- nal ; fruit ovale, crowned by the lobes of the calyx, which are short and obtuse ; leaves elliptic-oblong, gradually acuminated, coriaceous, opacjue above, shining a little on both surfaces, and quite glabrous, as well as the panicles and branchlets, which are compressed, 't . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul, in woods on the mountains. Very nearly allied to M. Berberis, but differs in the leaves being gradually, not abruptly acumi- nated, and in the fruit being more ovate. Seed one. Cotyle- dons corrugated. 846 MYRTACE^, XXVIII. Myrcia. Formosa Myrcia. Shrub. 98 M. rostra'ta (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, racemose, shorter than the leaves, 5-7-flowered ; pedicels distant, oppo- site ; calyx bluntly 5-lobed, clothed with adpressed down ; fruit obovate ; leaves lanceolate, much acuminated, full of pellucid dots, shining above and glabrous on both surfaces, as well as on the branchlets. \^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul. Myrtus rostrata. Mart. herb. Leaves stiffish, 3 inches long, and 7-8 lines broad. Peduncles an inch long. Fruit 4 lines long, crowned by the calyx. Seeds unknown. Beaked Myrcia. Tree 10 to 12 ft. 99 M. ERiopus (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles panicled, axillary, a little longer than the leaves, and are, as well as the branches, hispid ; tube of calyx oblong, hispid ; leaves oval-oblong, acu- minated, when young full of pellucid dots, clothed with long silky velvety down, opaque in the adult state, and smoothish. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro, in woods. My'rtus eriopus, Mart. herb. Leaves li inch long, and 6 lines broad. Petioles 2 lines long. Calycine lobes short, obtuse. Woolly-peduncled Myrcia. Shrub 8 to 10 ft. * * * Sjjecies natives of Columbia. 100 M. UMBELLUUFERA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 255.) peduncles 3-6-flowered, solitary or twin, or 2-4 seated on a short common peduncle ; flowers rather umbellate, with the middle one usually sessile ; calyxes 3-cleft ; leaves elliptic, obtuse at both ends, somewhat emarginate at the apex, coriaceous, reticu- lated, glabrous, rather silvery beneath ; branchlets finely tomen- tose. Ij . S. Native of Cuniana, in cultivated places. My'rtus _ umbellulifera, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 135. ' Flowers about the size of those of Cratee'gus oxyacdntha. Sta- mens about 140 in number. Ovarium 2-3-celled; cells 4-6- ovulate. Fruit and seeds unknown. Umbel-bearing Myrcia. Shrub. 101 M. ? clusi;ef6lia (D. C. 1. c.) panicles axillary, depau- perated, equal in length to the leaves ; calyx 5-cleft ; leaves elliptic, rounded at the apex, and sometimes emarginate, running down into the petioles, coriaceous, reticulated and shining, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous. Jj . S. Na- tive of South America. My'rtus clusiaefolia, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 138. Leaves about 2 inches long, and about 17-21 lines broad. Petioles 3-4 lines long. Fruit glo- bose, about the size of a pea, few- seeded. Seeds unknown. Said to be like M. Pimenta and M. coriclcea. Clusia-leaved Myrcia. Shrub. 102 M. ? polya'ntha (D. C. 1. c.) panicles axillary and ter- minal, branched ; branchlets 1-3-flowered, compressed, clothed with fine silky down ; leaves oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, obsoletely reticulated, coriaceous, glabrous above and shin- ing, puberulous beneath, as well as on the branchlets. ^ . S. Native of South America, on the banks of the rivers Atabapo and Orinoco. My'rtus polyantha, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 140. t. 545. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 2-ovulate. Fruit and seeds unknown. Many-Jlowered Myrcia. Shrub. 103 M.? complica'ta (D. C. 1. c.) panicles axillary and ter- minal, branched ; branchlets 1-3-flowered, compressed, clothed with fine silky down ; leaves oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base, complicated, coriaceous, glabrous, shining, and are, as well as the branches, puberulous. \ . S. Native of New- Granada, at San Felipe. My'rtus complictlta, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 141. Ovarium 2-celled; cells 2-ovu- late as in M, polyhitha. Said to be allied to M. dcflexa of Poir. Complicated-XeaveHi Myrcia. Shrub 8 to 10 ft. 104 M. coccoLosaiF^LiA (D. C. 1. c.) panicles axillary, depau- perated, compressed, glabrous, about equal in length to the leaves ; calyx 4-5-cleft ; leaves roundish-ovate, obtuse, rounded at the base, coriaceous, reticulated, shining, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous. Tj . S. Native of New Granada, near Ibague. My'rtus coccolobaefolia, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 139. Flowers unknown. Berry nearly globose, glabrous, red, 3-celled, acid; cells few-seeded. Embryo like that of M. bracteolaris. Coccoloba- leaved Myrcia. Shrub 5 ft. 105 M. Billardia'na (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, pa- nicled, glabrous, about equal in length to the leaves ; flowers 5- lobed; leaves oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, on very short petioles, membranous, reticulated, glabrous. Ij . S. Na- tive of New Andalusia, on Mount CocoUar. My'rtus Billar- di^na, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 139. t. 544. Flowers unknown. Berry nearly globose, 1-2-seeded. Coty- ledons foliaceous, corrugated. Radicle long, descending. Calyx 4-lobed from the figure, but from the description 5-lobed. La Billardier's Myrcia. Shrub 1 0 to 1 2 ft. 106 M.? MOLLIS (D. C. prod. 3. p. 256.) panicles axillary and terminal, branched, clothed with fucescent tomentum ; calyx 5- cleft ; leaves oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base, coriace- ous, reticulated, glabrous above and shining, but clothed with pubescent tomentum beneath, and on the branches. Pj . S. Na- tive of New Granada, near Pasto. My'rtus mollis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. C. p. 141. Flowers hardly known. Fruit and seeds unknown. Said to be allied to Eugenia dejlexa. Soft Myrcia. Shrub 8 to 1 2 ft. 107 M. acumina'ta (D. C. 1. c.) panicles axillary, solitary and terminal, tern, branched, exceeding the leaves ; calyx 4-5- cleft ; leaves ovate-oblong, long-acuminated, obtuse at the base, reticulated, coriaceous, shining, pubescent on the nerve, but when young silky. Ti . S. Native of New Granada, between Mariquita and St. Anna. My'rtus acuminata, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 141. Ovarium turbinate, 2-celled; cells 2-seeded. Embryo like that of 71/. bracteolaris. Acuminaied-\eaved Myrcia. Shrub 8 to 10 ft. 108 M. ? Humboldtia'na (D. C. 1. c.) panicles axillary, soli- tary, somewhat branched, divaricate, clothed with rusty tomen- tum, shorter than the leaves ; calyxes 5 -parted ; leaves ovate- oblong, terminating in a narrow acumen, acute at the base, coria- ceous, reticulated, shining, puberulous beneath ; branches tomen- tose. h . S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco. My'rtus deflexa, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 142. Leaves 6- 7 inches long, and 2 inches broad. Ovarium 2- celled; cells 2- seeded. In the immature seeds the cotyledons are foliaceous, coiTiplicated, and perhaps afterwards corrugated. Humboldt's Myrcia. Shrub 8 to 10 ft. 109 M. XYLOPioiDES (D. C. 1. c ) peduncles axillary, cy- mosely panicled, shorter than the leaves ; leaves lanceolate, ter- minating in a narrow acumen each, obtuse at the base, on short petioles, membranous, reticulated, downy beneath, as well as on the branches. Tj . S. Native of New Granada, near the town of Buga, in the province of Popayan. Myrtus xylopioides, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 257. t. 657. Calyx 5-lobed. Fruit elliptic, 1 -seeded. Cotyledons fleshy, corrugated. Xylopia-like Myrcia. Shrub 8 to 10 ft. 110 M. ? longifolia (D. C. I.e.) glabrous; leaves on very short petioles, large, oblong, acuminately cuspidate, somewhat cordate, coriaceous, very shining ; calyx 5-toothed ; drupe pear- shaped, 1-seeded. Tj . S. Native in woods on the banks of the Orinoco. My'rtus longifolia, H. B. et Kunth, nov, gen. amer. 7. p. 258. Drupe 2-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Structure of the flowers and seeds unknown. Long-leaved Myrcia. Shrub 8 to 1 0 ft. MYRTACE/E. XXVIII. Myrcia. XXIX. Calyftrantiies. 847 • • • • Uncertain species. 111 M. MELASTOMOiDES (D. C. 1. c.) pcduncles axillary, pa- nicled, shorter than the leaves; leaves ovate, acutish, strongly 3-nerved, sessile, very opaque and glabrous. J; . S. Native of Tobago. Flowers 5-cleft. Margin of calyx permanent, usually 5-tootlied. Fruit nearly globose, 1-seeded. Seeds large, shining. Cotyledons foliaceous, corrugated. Melastoma-like Myrcia. Shrub 5 to 10 ft. 112 M. ? tria'ntiia (D. C. I. c.) pcduncles axillary, 3-5- flowered, shorter than the leaves ; flowers 5-cleft, middle one sessile, lateral ones pedicellate ; bracteas linear at the base of the calyx ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, full of pellucid dots ; branchlets tetragonal, rather pubescent. I7 . S. Native coun- try unknown. Leaves nearly of M. communis var. Romana. Lobes of calyx acute. Fruit and seeds unknown. Thrce-Jlorvered ^lyrcia. Tree 10 to 15 ft. 113 M. ? VERNic6sA (D. C. I.e.) peduncles axillary, 3-5- flowered, a little longer tlian the leaves ; calyx bluntly and re- pandly 5-toothed ; leaves oval, obtuse at both ends, nearly ses- sile, sliining on both surfaces, and as if they were varnished above ; branches and peduncles glabrous. Tj . S. Native of South America. Leaves 20 lines long, and 12-14 broad, when young furnished with pellucid dots, but opaque in the adult state. Pedicels opposite, distant. Fruit and seeds unknown. Varnished-leayed Myrcia. Shrub C to 12 ft. Cult. All the species of Myrcia are very like the common myrtle when in flower ; they grow best in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and young cuttings will root readily if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass over them. XXIX. CALYPTRANTHES (from KaXvTrrpa, cahjptra, a veil, and a>'-?oc, anthos, a flower ; in allusion to the operculum of the flower). Swartz, prod. fl. ind. occ. p. 917. t. 15. St. Hil. pi. usual, bras. t. 14. D. C. prod. 3. p. 256. — ChytracOlia and Suzy'gium, P. Browne, jam. 239. and 240. — Chytralia, Adans. jam. p. SO. — Calyptranthes, Juss. diet. 6. p. 274. but not of Pet. Th. nor Blume. LiN. sTST. Icosdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx obovate ; limb entire before flowering, but circumcised at the base at the time of flowering, constituting a lateral deciduous operculum. Petals wanting, or 2 or 3 small. Stamens numerous ; filaments capillary ; anthers small, round, 2-celled. Style one. Stigma simple. Ovarium 2-3-celled ; cells 2-seeded in the central angle. Berry 1 -celled from abortion, 1-4-seeded. — Small trees, natives of the West Indies and Brazil. Leaves feather-veined. Peduncles axillary, many-flowered. Mature seeds not well known, but they are probably similar to those of Myrcia. 1 C. obscu'ra (D. C. prod. 3. p. 257.) leaves oval, acumi- nated, stiff', shining above, full of pellucid dots beneath, quite glabrous, as well as the brandies, on short petioles ; flowers 2-5 together, axillary, on short pedicels. Pj . S. Native of Brazil. Psidium obscurum. Mart. herb. Calyx with an obovate tube, having the limb irrcgidarly ruptured after flowering. Allied to C. rigidum. Obscure Calyptranthes. Shrub. 2 C. RiGiDA (Swartz, prod. p. 80. fl. ind. occ. p. 923.) arbor- escent ; leaves ovate, acute, convex, stiflt) glabrous ; peduncles axillary, simple, usually 3-flowered, glabrous. Ij . S. Native of Jamaica, on the higher mountains. Flowers small, white, nearly sessile on the tops of the peduncles. Berry minute, roundish, 1-seeded. 5j . S. Native of Malabar. Bellutta-Kannelli, Rheed. mal. 5. t. 20. Pet. Th. diet. sci. nat. 4. p. 29. ? Bellutta-Kannelli Syzygium. Tree 20 feet. 27 S. Ma'kul (Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. IGG. t. 33.) Tj . S. Native of Ceylon. Fruit unknown. Makul Syzygium. Tree. 28 S. MYRTIFOLIUM (D. C. 1. c.) Eugenia myrtifolia, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 37. Myrtle-leaved Syzygium. Tree 20 feet. 29 S. HYPERiciFOLiuM (D. C. prod. 3. p. 261.) My'rtus hy- pericifolia, Salisb. prod. p. 354. St. Juhn's-mort-leaved Syzygium. Tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see Myrcia, p. 847. XXXL CARYOPHY'LLUS (The Arabs, who have been acquainted from all antiquity with the clove, called it Qarumfel, which the Greeks altered to Caryophyllon.) Tourn. inst. t. 432. Lin. gen. 669. Gartn. fruct. 1. p. 169. t. 33. Blum, inlitt. D. C. prod. 3. p. 261. My'rtus species, Kunth. — Eugenia species, Willd. Lin. syst. Icosandria, Monogijnia. Tube of calyx cylin- drical (f. 123. e.) ; limb 4-parted (f. 123. d.). Petals 4, coher- ing together into a calyptra as in Syzygium. Stamens free (f. 123. b.), disposed in 4 bundles, inserted in a 4-angled fleshy con- cavity near the teeth of the calyx. Ovarium 2-celled (f. 123. a.) ; cells 20-ovulate. Mature berry 1 -2-celled, 1-2-seeded. Seeds cylindrical or semi-ovate. Cotyledons thick, fleshy, concave on the outside, sinuated in various ways on the inside. Radicle ris- ing from the centre of the cotyledons, straight, and hidden by them. — Trees. Leaves opposite, coriaceous, dotted. Cymes ter- minal or subcorymbose in the forks of the branches. 1 C. aroma'ticus (Lin. spec. FIG. 123. p. 735.) leaves ovate-oblong, acu- minated at both ends ; cymes many-flowered. Tj . S. Native of the Moluccas. Hook, hot. mag. 2749. and 2750. — Rumph. amb. 2. tt. 1, 2, 3. Blackw. t. 838. Eugenia caryophyllilta, Thunb. diss. p. 1. My'rtus caryophy'Uus, Spreng. The dried flower-buds of this tree are the cloves of the shops, the clou de Giroffe of the French. Calyx dark purple. Petals pale pur- ple. Every part of the plant is co- vered with minute dots or glands, which contain the oil, that gives the aromatic odour. It is not easy to determine when the clove was first known to Europeans. J. Bauhin tells us, that the inhabitants of the Moluccas were hardly acquainted with its value, till some Chinese vessels visited their country, and transported many plants into China, and that they were thus the means of distributing them into other dis- tricts of India, into Persia and Arabia. Sir James Smith (in Rees" cycl.) suspects that it was brought into Greece from Arabia, and that the first distinct mention of it is made by Paulus CEgi- neta, a Greek physician of the seventh century, when it was used in food and in medicine ; and the same author supposes it was the Carunfel of Serapion, and the Charumfel helium of Avi- cenna, two Arabian physicians. The Moluccas being discovered by the Portuguese in 1511, and from that time, or very soon after, it may be imagined, that cloves came into common use in Europe, 'i'he clove is now cultivated in almost every part of Asia, where the soil and climate are suitable ; and several of the West India Islands now possess this precious vegetable, as St. Vincent, Trinidad, Martinique, St. Kitts, and other French Islands. The French have introduced it into Bourbon and the Mauritius, through the medium of M. Poivre, their then Inten- dent of those islands, who sent tw^o vessels in 1769 to the kings of Gueby and Patony, to procure the clove and other valuable spices, which now succeed better in those islands than in Am- boyna. Plants were sent from the Mauritius to Cayenne about the year 1779, and in 1792 the plantation there contained 2500 trees, which bore cloves equal to those of the East Indies, and fetched a higher price in France than those from the Moluccas. The cloves of commerce are the unexpanded flowers, the corolla forming a ball or sphere on the top, between the teeth of the calyx ; thus with the narrow base of the germ tapering downwards, giving the appearance of a nail ; hence the Dutch call it naghel ; the Spaniards clavo ; the Italians cliiodo ; and the French clou, from which the English clove is derived. The uses of cloves are sufficiently known, particularly in domestic economy, as a seasoning in various dishes, and to give flavour to wines and spirits. In medicine they are esteemed tonic and exhilarating, powerfully stimulating on the muscular fibres, but dangerous to bilious persons. These properties, and their acrid and burning taste, depend on the essential oil. Cloves yield, by distillation with water, about one-seventh of their weight of volatile oil. When the alcoholic extract is freed from the volatile oil by distillation with water, the oil that arises proves mild, and the resin that remains insipid. Its pungency, therefore, seems to dei end upon a combination of these prin- ciples. The Dutch oil of cloves is extremely hot, fiery, and of a reddish brown colour, but is greatly adulterated both with fixed oils and resin of cloves ; for the genuine oil, when re- cently distilled, is comparatively mild and colourless. It is MYRTACE^. XXXI. Caryophyllus. XXXII. Acmena. XXXIII. Eugenia. 851 licavier than water, and rises in distillation witli some difficulty. It is hot and caustic, and therefore employed in tlie cure of tooth- ache. It is also employed by perfumers. The cloves are gathered by hand, or beaten with reeds, so as to fall upon cloths which are placed under the trees to receive them, and dried by lire, or, what is better, in the sun. The fully-formed berries are preserved in supar, and eaten after dinner, to promote digestion. Clove trees being difficult to trans- plant, the seeds are usually sown where the trees are intended to remain, for if the roots are once injured it is seldoin they recover. ^ro»Hrt//c or Common Clove. CIt. 179C. Tree 20 to 40 ft. 2 C. ELLirxicus (Labill. sert. caled. p. G4. t. C3.) leaves ovate or elliptic, obtuse ; cymes 3-flowered. I; . G. Native of New Caledonia. EllipticAeaved Clove. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 3 C. antise'pticus (Blum, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 262.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, bluntly acuminated, full of fine pellucid veins ; corymbs axillary and terminal ; pedicels umbellate ; calyx tubular, V)luntly 5-toothed. t^ . S. Native of Java, in the pro- vince of Buiten-Zorg, at Mount Pantjor. Calyptranthus aro- matica, Blum, bijdr. p. 1092. Antiseptic Clove. Tree. 4 C. fastigia'tus (Blum, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 262.) leaves cuneate-oblong, bluntish, full of fine, transverse, parallel veins ; corymbs terminal, fastigiate ; pedicels 3-flowered. h . S. Native of Java, in woods, in the western parts. Calyptranthus fastigiata, Blum, bijdr. p. 1090. This plant appears to be allied to Cari/oplu'/llus, in the calyx or ovarium being cylindrical, and in the limb of the calyx being bluntly and evidently 4-lobed. Fastigiate Clove. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 5 C. floribu'ndus (Blum, in litt. ex D. C. 1. c.) leaves oval- oblong, bluntish, attenuated at the base, almost veinless, shin- ing ; corymbs terminal, trichotomous, divaricate ; pedicels 3- flowered. Tj . S. Native of Java, in woods on Mount Salak. Calyptranthus floribiinda, Blum. 1. c. p. 1091. This is distin- guished from the first species in the leaves being broader, stiffer, and in the corymbs being divaricate and dense-flowered. Bundle-flowered Clove. Tree 30 to 40 feet. Cult. All the species of clove require a strong dry heat to flourish well, except C. elliplicus, which is a green-house plant. A mixture of loam and peat is the best soil for them. Ripened cuttings of them will root if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand- glass over them, in a moist heat. All the species are difficult to preserve through the winter in our stoves. XXXII. ACMENA (one of the names of Venus). D. C. diet, class, vol. xi. not. 1826. prod. 3. p. 262. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx turbi- nate ; limb truncate, somewhat involute in the young state. Petals 5, small, distant, some of them sometimes abortive. Stamens numerous, free. Style terete, short. Berry globose or oval, 1 -seeded. Seed roundish, thick. Cotyledons conferru- minated. — Shrubs. Leaves opposite, glabrous, quite entire. Cymes 3-flowered, disposed in a terminal panicled thyrse. Flowers white. 1 A. floribu'nda (D. C. prod. 3. p. 262.) leaves full of pellucid dots, oval-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends. Jj . G. Native of New Holland. Metrosideros floribunda. Smith, in Lin. trans. 3. p. 267. Vent. malm. t. 75. Myrtacea, Sieb. nov. boll. no. 598. Ovarium 3-celled. Stamens hardly twice the length of the petals. I'ar. /5, elliptica (D. C. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, acuminated. H . G. Native of New Holland. Eugenia elliptica. Smith, 1. c. p. 281. Sims, bot. mag. 1872. Eugenia Smitliii, Poir. Myrtus Smithii, Spreng. syst. no. 121. Berry globose, white. Calyx not toothed on the margin. Petals unknown. Bundle-flowered Acmena. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1790. Sh.4 to6 ft. 2 A. KiNoii ; leaves elliptic, coriaceous, acuminated, glabrous, tapering to tlie base ; panicle terminal, with trichotomous pedun- cles, and 3-flowcred pedicels. Vj . G. Native of New Holland. Calyx truncate, (v. s. in herb. Lamb.) King's Acmena. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1793. Shrub 4 to 8 ft. 3 A. ? PARviFi.oRA (D. C. I. c) leaves opaque, oval-lanceo- late, acuminated. I^ . S. Native of the Moluccas. Flowers 3-times smaller than those of A. floribunda, but similar. Fruit unknown. Perhaps a species of Syzygium. Small-flowered Acmena. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Tristania,'^. 813. XXXIII. EUGENIA (in honour of Prince Eugene of Savoy, who was a protector and encourager of botany, and possessed a botanic garden). Mich. nov. gen. t. 108. Lin. gen. no. 616. exclusive of some species. D. C. prod. 3. p. 262. — Greggia, Gartn. fruct. 1. jj. 1G8. t. 33. — Myrtus species, Svvartz, Kunth. — Oly'nthia, Lindl. coll. no. 19. in a note. Lin, syst. Icosdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx roundish ; limb 4-parted, even to the ovarium. Petals 4. Stamens nu- merous, free. Ovarium 2-3-celled ; cells many-ovulate. Berry nearly globose, crowned by the calyx, when mature 1 -celled, but rarely 2-celled. Seeds 1-2, large, roundish. Embryo pseudo-monocotyledonous. Cotyledons very thick, and confer- ruminated. Radicle very short, hardly distinguishable. — Trees or shrubs, for the most part natives of the West Indies and South America. Leaves and inflorescence sometimes that of Mijrtus and sometimes that oi Myrcia. * Peduncles axillary, \-flowered. 1 E. Miche'li (Lam. diet. 3. p. 203.)' pedicels axillary, 1- flowered, usually solitary, shorter than the leaves ; leaves ovate- lanceolate, glabrous ; calyx 4-cleft ; limb reflexed ; berry to- rose. ^ . S. Native of Brazil and about Demerara, also cidtivated in Martinico, under the name of Cerisier de Cayenne. Jacq. obs. 3. p. 3. Eugenia, Mich. nov. gen. t. 108. Till. pis. t. 44. Myrtus Brasiliana, Lin. spec. p. 674. Plinia rubra, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 253. Curt. bot. mag. t. 473. Fruit edible, toru- lose, adhering to the calyx. Cotyledons conferruminated, ex Kunth. Perhaps the /'/mia. Plum. gen. t. 11. which is the Plinia pinnata of Lin. 735. Micheli's Eugenia. Shrub 12 to 14 feet. 2 E. LiGu'sTRiNA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 962.) pedicels 1-flowered, usually solitary, elongated, rising from the axils of the leaves or bracteas, bractless under the flowers ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, rather concave, shining above, glabrous on both surfaces, as well as on the flowers. f; . S. Native of the West Indies, Myrtus cerasina, Vahl. symb. 2. p. 57. Myrtus ligiistrina, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 835. Fruit black, 2-seeded, crowned by the calyx. Embryo with conferruminated cotyledons. Privet-like Eugenia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1798. Shrub 2 to 4 ft. 3 E. subtermina'lis (D. C. prod. 3. p. 263.) pedicels 1- flowered, solitary, rising from the axils of the upper leaves, op- posite, slender, 3-times shorter than the leaves ; bracteoles small, acute, 2 under each flower ; fruit globose ; calycine lobes blunt- ish ; leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends, opaque, nerveless, and are as well as the branchlets glabrous. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, at the river Ilheos. Leaves 2 inches long and 5 lines broad. Petioles 2 lines long. Pedicels 7-8 lines long. Sublerminal Eugenia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 4 E. PiA (D. C. 1. c.) pedicels 1-flowered, solitary, elongated, rising from the axils of the bracteas and leaves; leaves lanceo- late, bluntish, shining above, glabrous on both surfaces, as well as on the flowers ; branchlets hairy, f; . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, at .Serra de Piedado. Myrtus Pia, ^lart. ined. Very like E. ligiistrina, but the branches are 5 Q 2 852 MYRTACE^. XXXIII. Eugenia. toinentose or liairy, and the fruit 4-seecled. Cotyledons confer- ruminated. Habit of Myrtus. Pia Eugenia. Shrub 4 to C feet. 5 E. SEssiLiFOLiA (D. C. 1. c.) pedicels axillary, solitary, 1- flowered, opposite, slender, bractless at the apex, 3-times shorter than the leaves ; fruit globose, crowned by the calycine lobes, which are oblong and acutish ; leaves sessile, attenuated at both ends, oblong, full of pellucid dots, and are as well as the branches glabrous. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia. Myrtus sessilifolia. Mart. herb. Lobes of calyx 3 lines long. Pedicels 7-9 inches long. Leaves 3 inches long and 1 inch broad. Seeds thick, pseudo-nionocotyledonous. Sessile-leaved Eugenia. Tree. G E. SPARSIFLORA (D. C. 1. c.) pcdiccls 1-flowered, solitary, one half shorter than the leaves, opposite, bractless at the apex, rising from the lower part of the branchlets, in tlie axils of the scales or leaves ; fruit globose ; leaves oval, acuminated, obtuse at the base, glabrous on both surfaces as well as the branches. ^2 . S. Native of Brazil, near Almada, in the province of Bahia. Myrtus sparsiflora. Mart. herb. Pedicels slender, 9 inches long. Calycine lobes 4, oval. Leaves 3-4 inches long, and 15 lines broad. Petioles 4 lines long. Seeds unknown. Scatlcrcd-Jlon'ercd Eugenia. Tree 20 feet. 7 E. la'xa (D. C. 1. c.) pedicels axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, very slender, shorter than the leaves ; leaves oval, attenuated at the base, glabrous, acuminated at the apex ; branchlets and young leaves clothed with rufous pubescence, but at length be- coming glabrous ; lobes of calyx 4, 2 larger and suborbicular ; young fruit obovate. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, about Bahia, in the deserts. Myrtus laxa. Mart. Iierb. Pedicels 12-20 lines long, straight, rising from the axils of the upper leaves. Brac- teas none, or very small. Leaves 3 inches long and 1 inch broad, full of pellucid dots. Immature fruit 1 -seeded. Allied to E. Patrisii, but the fruit is obovate, not globose. Loose Eugenia. Tree 10 to 20 feet. 8 E. inoca'rpa (D. C. prod. 3. p. 264.) pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves; calycine lobes 4, ovate; fruit globose, fibrous inside, 2-seeded ; leaves ovate, attenuated at the base, acuminated at the apex, glabrous ; branchlets clothed with r\ifous down, furnished with stipula-formed scales. Fj . S. Native of Brazil, at Rio Negro. Myrtus inocarpus. Mart. herb. Leaves 3 inches long and 1-j inch broad. Petioles short. Fruit full of tubercular dots, about the size of a plum, with fibry, acid- sweet flesh. Pedicels few, 7 lines long. Seeds 2, convex on one side and flat on the other. Nervcd-J'niiled Eugenia. Tree 20 feet. 9 E. involucra'ta (D. C. 1. c.) pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, solitary, with large, foliareous, deciduous bracteas under the flower ; floral leaves smaller than the rest ; calycine lobes 4, ovate-oblong, reflexed ; leaves elliptic, petiolate, attenuated at both ends, wlu n young rather villous and full of pellucid dots, but glabrous and opaque in the adult state ; branches com- pressed. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. A small tree, with erect, spreading branches. Pedicels 5 lines Ion j. Bracteoles 5 lines long. Sterile leaves 2 inches long. Petioles 4-5 lines long. Floral leaves smaller than the others. Incoliicrated-Rowered Eugenia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 10 E. ? bractea'ta (Rj . S. Native of South America. My'rtus daph- noides, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 480. Fruit and seeds unknown. Perhaps the peduncles are one or many-flowered. Butcher s-broom-leaved Eugenia. Shrub. 62 E. ? oLE/EFOLiA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 270.) pedicels 1-flow- ered, axillary, 4 in a fascicle, twice the length of the petioles, bibracteolate under the flowers ; leaves oblong, obtuse, cuneated at the base, coriaceous, shining, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous ; calyx 4-cleft. I7 . S. Native of South America, in the province of Jaen de Bracamoros, at the river Marannon. My'rtus olesefolia, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 147. Pedicels 3 lines long. Berry 3-celled ; cells 8-ovulate. Seeds unknown. Allied to Eugenia bujcifulia. Olive-leaved Eugenia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 63 E. pisTAci^EFOLiA (D. C. 1. c.) pedicels 3-together, axillary, 1-flowered, twice the length of the petioles, minutely brac- tjate at the base, and bibracteate at the apex ; tube of calyx globose ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, obtuse at the base, blunti>.h at the apex, x-ather coriaceous, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous. J; . S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Bahia. My'rtus pistaciasfolia. Mart. herb. Leaves with a few pellu- cid dots, like those of the Pistdchia. Pedicels 3-4 lines long, rising from very short scaly branches. Flouers small. Fruit unknown. Pistachia-leavedli.ugen\a. Tree 10 to 12 feet. 64 E. stictope'tala (Mart. herb, ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 270.) glabrous; pedicels 5-7, aggregate, l-flowered, rising from the axils of the old leaves, sometimes upon a very short peduncle ; bracteas 2, ovate, adpressed to the ovarium ; lobes of calyx 4, ovate, nearly orbicular, full of glandular dots ; leaves nearly sessile, ovate or oval, obtuse at both ends, coriaceous, opaque, reticulately nerved on both surfaces. 1; . S. Native of Brazil, in the interior provinces. Pedicels 5-6 lines long. Leaves 3 inches long and 1-| broad. Dotted-jietalled Eugenia. Shrub 4 to 0 feet. 65 E. ? erythroca'rpa (D. C. prod. 3. p. 270.) pedicels 1- flowered, axillary, usually 5-together, racemosely umbellate, one half shorter than the leaves, furnished with one bractea at the ba»e, 2 bracteoles under the flowers ; leaves elliptic, obtuse, acute at the base, coriaceous, shining, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous ; calyxes 4-cleft. I; . S. Native of New Granada, near Honda. My'rtus erythrocarpa, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 148. Leaves 12-14 lines long. Ovarium globose, 2-celled ; cells 10- 11 -ovulate. Berry red. Seeds un- known. Rcd-fruitcd Eugenia. Tree 6 to 8 feet. 66 E. ? Maximilia'na (D. C. 1. c.) pedicels axillary, 2-6- together, aggregate, bibracteolate under the flowers ; leaves ellip- tic, attenuated, coriaceous, dotted, shining, quite glabrous. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, about Barada Vereda. My'rtus micrdntha, Nees et Mart, in nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 51. but not Kunth. Bracteoles ciliated. Ovarium 2-celled, many-ovulate. Fruit and seeds unknown. Said to be allied to Myrcia bructeata and M. liicida. Maji:imilian's Eugenia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 67 E.? Lambertia'n'a (D. C. 1. c.) pedicels 1-flowered, 5-6- together, axillary, much shorter than the leaves, minutely bi- biacteate under the flowers; leaves oval, acutish at both ends, with a very few dots, reticulately veined beneath, rather coria- ceous, and are, as well as the branches, quite glabrous ; calycine lobes ovate, obtuse. Tj . S. Native of the West Indies, in St. Vincent's. Petioles 3 lines long, hardly shorter than the pedi- cels. Leaves 4 inches long and 2 inches broad. Fruit ovate- globose, 1 -seeded. Lambert's Eugenia. Shrub. G8 E. PLURIFLORA (D. C. 1. c.) glabrous ; pedicels 1-flowered, hardly longer than the petioles, 5-7 from the axils of the old leaves, each bearing 2 ovate bracteas at the apex, which are adpressed to the ovarium ; calycine lobes 4 ovate ; leaves oval, coriaceous, obtuse, opaque, shining above, tubercularly dotted beneath. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of the Mines. Branches terete, robust. Leaves 1^ inch long. Pe- tioles 2 lines long. Flowers small. Fruit unknown. Many-Jiowered Eugenia. Shrub. 69 E. Bahie'nsis (D. C. prod. 3. p. 271.) pedicels 2-7-to- gether, or rising from a short rachis, 1-flowered, a little longer than the leaves, minutely bibracteolate at the apex ; leaves el- liptic, somewhat acuminated, opaque, and are, as well as the branchlets, glabrous ; lateral veins hardly prominent ; calycine lobes 4, roundish. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia, in dense woods. My'rtus Lambertiana, Mart. herb. Very nearly allied to E. Lambertiana, but the leaves are a little narrower, more brown, never reticulated. Flowers double the size. Fruit unknown. Bahia Eugenia. Tree 10 to 12 feet. 70 E. ? Parkeria'na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 271.) pedicels 1-flow- MYRTACE.^. XXXIII. Elgfnia. 857 ered, 5-7-together, shorter than the leaves, rising from the axils of the bractoas, which are ohlong, bearing 2 linear bractcoles muler the flowers ; leaves elliptic-aeuminatecl, glabrous ; calyx 4-cleft ; bracteas and bractcoles ciliated. 't • ''^- Native about Demerara and of the Island of Trinidad. Sieh. pi. irin. no. 245. Allied to H. Palrisii and E. inipqu'iJ'hVia, but differs in the pedi- cels being in fascicles, 6-7 lines long. Leaves 'Z inches long, full of pellucid dots. Fruit and seeds unknown. Parker's Eugenia. Shrub. 71 E. ? corona't.\ (Vahl. ined. in herb. Puerari ex D. C. 1. c.) pedicels 1-flowercd, aggregate in the axils of the upper leaves, and much shorter than tl em, bearing 2 ovate bracteas under the flowers ; leaves oval, bUuitish at both ends, coriaceous, and are, as well as the branches, quite glabrous ; calycine lobes 4, roundish. Tj . S. Native of Guinea. Leaves 1| inch long, and 8-10 lines broad. Pedicels 3-i lines long. Flowers smaller than those of My'rlus communis. Ovarium globose. Fruit and seeds un- known. Cro)f'nerf-fruited Eugenia. Shrub. 72 E. ? adenoca'lyx (D. C. prod. 3. p. 271.) pedicels S-H- together, 1 flowered, in fascicles, shorter than the petioles, gla- brous ; leaves broad, ovate, acuminated, coriaceous, full of pel- lucid dots ; branches and flowers quite glabrous ; calyx 4-cleft, obtuse, full of glandular dots ; bracteoles 2 at the base of the calyx, very blunt, and somewhat connate. Ij . S. Native of Cayenne. Leaves 4 inches long, 2|^ broad ; lower ones on the branches obtuse. Pedicels hardly H line long. Fruit and seeds unknown. Gland-calyxed Eugenia. Shrub. 73 E. bimargina'ta (D. C. 1. c.) pedicels 5-7-together, axil- lary, 1 -flowered, much shorter than the leaves, bibracteolate under the flowers ; calyx with an obovate tube, and bluntish short lobes ; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, sessile, somewhat cordate at the base, obtuse at the apex, coriaceous, stift^, opaque; marginal nerve double, outer one contiguous to the margin, ij . .S. Native of Brazil. My'rtus antidysenterica. Mart. herb. Leaves of the lower branches 15 lines long, and 11-12 lines broad ; upper ones 20 lines long and 9 linco broad, with the margins of all reflexed. Pedicels 2 lines long. Double-marg'med-\ea.veA Eugenia. Shrub 4 to 8 feet. 74 E. ve'tlla (D. C. prod. 3. p. 271.) pedicels 1-3-to- gether, 1 -flowered, a little shorter than the leaves, glabrous, bi- bracteolate at the apex ; calyx with a roundish tube and subor- bicular lobes ; leaves sessile, ovate, cordate at the base, obtuse at the apex, coriaceous, opaque, glabrous above, clothed with hoary velvety down beneath, as well as on the branchlets, but at length becoming naked. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of the Mines. My'rtus vetula. Mart. herb. Leaves 10-12 lines long and 1-9 broad. Pedicels 5-G lines long. Calyx glabrous. Stamens shorter than the petals. Old Eugenia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 75 E. marItima (D. C. 1. c.) pedicels 2-3-together, 1 -flow- ered, hardly longer than the petioles, bibracteolate at the apex, rising from a very short rachis, in something like racemes; calyx with an obovate tube, and ovate-roundish lobes ; leaves oval, bluntish, glabrous, opaque ; lateral veins hardly evident at the apex. t; . S. Native of Brazil, by the sea-side at Ilheos. My'rtus maritima. Mart. herb. Leaves 1^ inch long, and 9-10 lines broad. Pedicels 2-3 lines long. Flowers small. Sea-side Eugenia. Shrub. 76 E. Roxbu'rghu (D. C. I.e.) pedicels 1 -flowered, axillary and lateral, aggregate or subracemosc, much shorter than the leaves, bibracteolate under the flowers ; leaves oval, bluntish, coriaceous, dotless, glabrous : calyxes and (ledicels clothed with rusty pubescence. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies, in Silhet. Eugenia Zeylanica, Roxb hort. beng. p. 92. but not of Willd. VOL. II. Fruit globose, 1-seeded, glabrous, about the size of a grain of pepper. Leaves 1 5 lines long, and 7-8 lines broad. Jioxburir/i's Eugenia. Tree. 77 I"-, minima (Blum. cat. hort. huit. p. 75.) pedicels crowded, axillary, 1 -flowered, shorter than the leaves; calyx crenulated ; leaves on short petioles, elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous, full of fine parallel stripes. h . S. Native of Java, in woods. My'rtus variegata, I'lum. bijdr. p. 1082. Fruit small, obovate, 1- seeded. Seeds of Eugenia. Calyx somewhat attenuated at the base. Small Eugenia. Shrub 4 to G feet. 78 E. tene'lla (D. C. prod. 3. p. 272.) pedicels 1-3, very short, axillary, 1 -flowered, minutely bibracteolate under the flowers ; lobes of calyx 4, obtuse ; loaves oval, obtuse, somewhat cuncated at the base, membranous, full of pellucid dots, veinless, except the middle nerve, glabrous ; petioles and branchlets pu- bernlous. h . S. Native of Brazil, on h'gh mountains in the provinces of the Mines. My'rtus tenella. Mart. herb. Habit almost of £. alplna and E. ohtitsa, but truly difltrent. Stamens and style exserted. Fruit unknown. Leaves fi-7 lines long, and 3 lines broad. Flowers small. Perhaps referrible to sec- tion iii. IVeak Eugenia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 79 E. ? flave'scens (D. C. prod. 3. p. 272.) pedicels 3-5- together, axillary, 1 -flowered, bibracteolate at the apex ; lobes of calyx 4, ovate, acutish ; leaves ovate, acuminated at the base, and attenuated at the apex, obtuse, membranous, full of pellucid dots, glabrous on both surfaces, as well as on the petioles, pedi- cels, and calyxes. I; . S. Native of Brazil, in the desert of Bahia. My'rtus flava, Mart. herb. Calyxes yellowish. Petals 4, orbi- cular, white, ex Mart. Staminiferous disk 4-sided in the middle of the flower. Style longer than the filaments. Fruit unknown. Yellowish Eugenia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. * * * Flowers axillary^ almost sessile, or on short j)eduncle^,- and disj)osed in glomerate fascicles in the axils of the leaves. 80 E. ? L'Heritieria'na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 272.) flowers axillary, sessile, crowded ; leaves elliptic-acuminated, and are, as well as the branches, quite glabrous ; lateraf nerves confluent near the margins. I^ . S. Native of Tobago. My'rtus dumosa, L'Her. herb, but not of Vahl. Very nearly allied to E. coffeee- fol/a. Leaves less opaque, full of pellucid dots when examined by a lens. L'Hcriliers Eu.'enia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 81 E. coFFE.eF6LiA (D. C. 1. c.) flowers axillary, sessile, crowded ; leaves elliptic, attenuated at the base, acuminated at the apex, and are, as well as the branches, quite glabrous ; lateral nerves of leaves confluent at the apex, a considerable dis- tance from tlie margin of the leaf. f; . S. Native of Cayenne. Fruit globose, glabrous, size of a small pea. Seed one, roundish. Embryo homogeneous. Leaves obscure, almost without dots, 4-6 inches long, and from 1-2 inches broad. Coffee-leaved Eugenia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 82 E. AFFiNis (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, branched, 3- flowered, very short, bibracteolate at the base ; leaves ovate- oblong, acuminated, and are, as well as the branches, quite gla- brous ; fruit oval. h . S. Native of .St. Domingo and Porto Rico, at the edges of woods. Allied to E. undulata, but dif- fers in the leaves being one-half smaller and flat. Berry olive- formed, 1-seeded. Cotyledons conferruminated. Allied Eugenia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 83 E. CAi.opiiYi.i.oiDES (D. C. 1. c.) flowers axillary' and lateral, crowded, nearly sessile, 4-cleft; leaves oval, acute, shin- ing above, glabrous in the adult state ; nerves on the under sur- face, petioles, branchlets, pedicels, and calycine tube, clothed with rusty velvety down, f; . S. Native of Sierra Leone. 5 R 858 MYRTACE^. XXXIII. Eugenia. Calophylloides lucida, Smeathn. mss. Lobes of calyx ovate, obtuse, smoothish. Leaves 5-6 inclies long, and 2 or 2^ broad, on very short petioles, dotless ; lateral nerves confluent towards the margins. Ovarium globose. Fruit and seeds unknown. Calophyllum-like Eugenia. Shrub 10 feet. 84 E. chrysophy'llum (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 129.) flowers axil- lary, almost sessile, aggregate, 4-cleft ; leaves ovate, acute, gla- brous and shining above, but clothed with adpressed silky golden down beneath, which becomes nearly deciduous ; fruit ovate, rather velvety. Ij . S. Native of Cayenne, not in the Mauritius. My'rtus chrysophy'llum, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 482. exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers clothed with rusty down, sessile. Pedicels 2 lines long after flowering, rather branched at the base. Ma- ture fruit size of an olive, 1-seeded. Cotyledons conferrumi- nated, furnished with bladdery glands inside. Goldcn-leaoed Eugenia. Tree. 85 E. ? corda'ta (D. C. 1. c.) flowers almost sessile, axillary and lateral, rather crowded ; leaves sessile, ovate, very blunt, rather cordate, shining, and are, as well as the branches, quite glabrous; calyxes 4-5-cleft. Ij . S. Native of the West India Islands. My'rtus cordata, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 8&3. Vahl. symb. 2. p. 55. Branches compressed above. Ovarium round- ish. Stigma deflexed. Fruit and seeds unknown. Cordate-leaved Eugenia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 86 E. LATERIFLORA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 749.) flowers almost sessile, lateral, crowded or scattered ; leaves obovate-roundish, very blunt, attenuated at the base, with revolute margins, coria- ceous, pale beneath, reticulated from elevated veins on both sur- faces, and are, as well as the branches, quite glabrous. ifj . S. Native of the Island of Santa Cruz. E. sessiliflora, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 64. Calyx and petals dotted. Fruit and seeds unknown. Side-flowered Eugenia. Tree. 87 E. SESSILIFLORA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 273.) flowers almost sessile, lateral, crowded or scattered ; leaves oblong or oval, bluntish, with somewhat revolute margins, rather membrana- ceous, hardly veined, and are, as well as the branches, quite glabrous. h . S. Native of St. Domingo. My'rtus sessili- flora, .Spreng. syst. 2. p. 479. E. sessiliflora, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 64.? E. laterifolia; Pers. ? Fruit one-half smaller than those of E. laieriflora, but not sufficiently known. Sessile-flowered Eugenia. Shrub. 88 E. linea'ta (D. C. prod. 3. p. 273.) flowers axillary, almost sessile, crowded ; leaves ovate, acuminated, stiff) lined with elevated nerves, hoary beneath, but villous on the nerves ; calyxes 4-cleft, clothed with rusty down. Ij . S. Native of St. Domingo, in mountain fields. My'rtus lineata Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 891. but not of Blume. Berry sapid scarlet, size of a cherry. Seeds 2 or more, angular. Leaves full of pellucid dots, but they are said to be scentless. Z(Ket/-leaved Eugenia. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 89 E. ? tubercula'ta (D. C. 1. c.) flowers crowded in the axils of the leaves, and on the tops of the branches, sessile, bi- bracteolate at the base, 4-cleft ; leaves elliptic-oblong, coria- ceous, with revolute edges, clothed with glandular tubercles above, and glabrous, but with silky down beneath, as well as on the calyxes ; branchlets hairy. J? . S. Native of Cuba, near Regla. My'rtus tuberculata, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 148. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 8-10-ovulate. Fruit and seeds unknown. Said to be allied to E. lineata. Tubercidar-\eaved Eugenia. Shrub. 90 E. cAULiFLORA (D. C. 1. c.) flowcrs crowded, rising from the excoriated trunk and branches, from where the axils of the old leaves had been; pedicels very short, 1-flowered; leaves lanceolate, petiolate, attenuated at the base, long-acuminated at the apex, with a very few pellucid dots, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous, h . S. Native of Brazil. My'rtus cauli- 8 flora. Mart, reise, p. 285. isis. 1824. p. 589. but not of Blume. Berry edible, globose, of a purplish violet-colour, 1-seeded. Cotyledons conferruminatcd. Leaves 3 inches long and 9-10 lines broad. Petioles 2 lines long. Stem-flowered Eugenia. Tree 10 to 20 feet. 91 E. UMBELLA~TA (D. C. 1. c.) pedicels numerous, short, 1-flowered, imibellate, bibracteolate at the apex, rising from the axils of the old branches ; leaves sessile, cordate at the base, ovate, acuiish, coriaceous, opaque, and are, as well as the branchlets, glabrous, with the marginal nerve thick. Tj . S. Na- tive of Brazil, in woods at Vao do Paranan. My'rtus lateriflora, Mart. herb, but not of others. Umbels lateral, 7-8-fiowered. Pedicels 2-3 lines long. Calycine lobes 4, roundish." Leaves 2-4 inches long and 1-2 broad. Lateral nerves of leaves confluent in front of the margins. Umbellate-Rov/ered Eugenia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 92 E. delica'tula (D. C. 1. c.) flowers 2-3-together, axil- lary, nearly sessile ; leaves oblong, attenuated at both ends, stif- fish, opaque, dotted beneath, glabrous on both surfaces, with a marginal nerve ; petioles very short, and are, as well as the young branches, clothed with down. F? . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul. My'rtus delicatula. Mart. herb. A tree about 20 feet high, much divided. Leaves 15 lines long and 3 lines broad. Flowers small, like those of iJ. ligida. Delicate Eugenia. Tree 20 feet. 93 E. RiGiDA (D. C. 1. c.) flowers axillary, 1-3-together, nearly sessile, aggregate, bracteolate ; fruit globose, somewhat depressed ; calycine lobes 4, short, obtuse, somewhat connivent after flowering ; leaves ovate, obtuse, stiffish, opaque, nerveless except the middle nerve, glabrous ; petioles and branchlets pu- bescent. Jj . S. Native of Brazil, in the jirovinces of the Mines. My'rtus rigida. Mart. herb. Leaves 9-10 lines long and 4-5 broad. Pedicels very short, pubescent. Bracteoles ob- tuse. A much branched small tree. Flowers small. Fruit size of a pea, 2-seeded. Cotyledons conferruminatcd. (S'<(^' Eugenia. Tree 15 feet. 94 E. Guapu'rium (D. C. 1. c.) flowers in fascicles, splitting the bark of the naked branches in rising ; leaves elliptic, petio- late, acuminated, membranous, full of pellucid dots, glabrous above, and beset with a few hairs beneath ; petioles and branches villous. Tj . S. Native of Peru. Guapiirium, Juss. gen. p. 324. Guapurium Peruvianura, Poir. diet. sc. nat. 20. p. 11. Lobes of calyx 4. Petals 4. Fruit urabilicate, 2-3-seeded. Seeds large, almost like those of Eugenia. Guapuru is the Pe- ruvian name of the tree. Guapuru Eugenia. Shrub or tree. 95 E. ? cERAsiFORMis (D. C. prod. 3. p. 274.) corymbs axil- lary or terminal, simple ; branchlets 3-flowered ; calyx 4-cleft ; ovarium hemispherical ; leaves broad-lanceolate, bluntly acumi- nated, coriaceous, glabrous, with recurved margins, full of fine transverse parallel veins. 1^ . S. Native of Java, on the moun- tains at fountains of rivers. Allied to£. lineata, but the rib of the leaf is for the most part purplish, and the marginal vein is simple. My'rtus cerasiformis, Blum, bijdr. p. 1088. Fruit globose. Seeds thick, angular, about 3 in number. Cotyledons conferruminatcd. Flowers not seen. C herry-formed-fruited Eugenia. Shrub. 96 E. ? TRiFLORA (Ham. prod. fl. ind. occ. p. 44.) peduncles axillary, usually tern, 3-flowered ; flowers bractless, sessile ; leaves alternate, petiolate, oblong, attenuated at the base, shin- ing, greyish green beneath. h^ . S. Native of Carthagena, in woods. My'rtus trifl^ra, Jacq. stirp. am. p. 153. t. 193. f. 59. but not of Spreng. Petals 4, obovate. Fruit unknown. Leaves aromatic when bruised. This species differs from all in the leaves being alternate, but perhaps this is the case only at the tops of the branches. MYRTACE.E. XXXIII. Eugenia. 859 Three-flonered Eugenia. Slirub or tree. 97 E. brachy'poda (D. C. 1. e.) peduncles a little branclied, axillary, shorter tlian the ])etioles, niiiuitely bibracteate under the flowers ; leaves elliptic, attenuated at the base, acuminated at the apex, shining above, pale beneath, glal)rous on both sur- faces ; calyxes glabrous ; branchlets and pedicels clothed with rufous velvety down. I; . S. Native of Cayenne. Leaves 2 or 3 inches long and an inch broad, full of pellucid dots. Pedi- cels ."3 lines long. Fruit while young globose and 1 -seeded. Short-pvdkcUcd Eugenia. Shrub or tree. 98 E. DisTiCHA (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, branched, 3-5-flowered, very short ; leaves distich, ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous ; lateral nerves confluent within the margin ; calyx 4- lobed ; stigma hooked. V; . S. Native of Jamaica, on the mountains. My'rtus disticha, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. SS-t. Sims, bot. mag. t. 867. Lindl. coll. t. 19. good. My'rtus horizontalis, Vent. malm. t. GO. In Swartz's plant the leaves are said to be very coriaceous, and with the lateral veins hardly manifest, but it is probably the same. Fruit ovate, red. Seeds 2-4, thick. Cotyledons conferruminated. Dht'ichAeSiXcA Eugenia. Clt. ? Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 99 E. glabra'ta (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, many- flowered, very short ; leaves elliptic, acuminated, convex, coria- ceous ; branches and flowers quite glabrous, fj . .S. Native of St. Domingo, in bushy places, on tlie mountains. My'rtus gla- brata, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 903. but not of Blume. Peduncles and petioles 2 lines long. Leaves an inch and a half or 2 inches long, and an inch broad. Berry oblong, black. Seeds 1-2, oblong. Smooth Eugenia. Shrub 4 to G feet. 100 E. campe'stris (U.C. 1. c.) flowers axillary, crowded, nearly sessile ; leaves oval-oblong, acuminated at both ends, opaque, rather villous above when young, but at length becoming glabrous, rather hairy beneath and pale ; branchlets compressed, rather hairy ; branches white, glabrous. ^2 • S. Native of Bra- zil, in ('elds, in the province of Minas Geraes. My'rtus cam- pestris. Mart. herb. Pedicels hardly any. Bracteoles 2, and are, as well as the calyxes, hairy. Lobes of calyx oblong, bluntish. Petals roundish, emarginate. Style exserted. Leaves 2 inches long and 9 lines broad. Petioles 2 lines long. Fruit unknown. Field Eugenia. Tree 20 feet. 101 E. axilla'ris (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 126.) peduncles axil- lary, many-flowered, very short, at length rather longer than the petioles ; pedicels minutely bibracteolate under the flowers ; leaves oval, bluntish, acuminated, flat, shining ; branches and flowers glabrous. Tq • S. Native of Jamaica, on the mountains. My'rtus axillaris, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 901. but not of Poir. Leaves 2-8 inches long, on very short petioles. Flowers minute, white. Stamens very short. Berry ovate, 1-seeded. Allied to E. moiil'icola and E. glabrata. Jxillary.Rowered Eugenia. Fl. Sep. Clt. 1793. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 102 E. ? Poire' Tii (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, many- flowered, very short, rather longer than the petioles ; pedicels minutely bibracteolate under the flowers ; leaves oval-oblong, attenuated at the base, obtuse at the apex, full of pellucid dots, shining above, and pale beneath, glabrous on both surfaces, as well as on the branches and flowers. h . S. Native of S't. Domingo. Leaves an inch long. Flowers minute. Berry glo- bose, 1-seeded, size of a grain of pepper. My'rtus axillaris, Poir. diet. 4. p. 412. but not of Swartz. M. Poireti, .SprcTig. syst. 2. p. 483. Eug. axillaris, Spreng. in herb. Balb. Poirct's Eugenia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 103 E. flobibu'nda (West. st. cr. p. 216. ex Willd. spec. 2. p. 960.) peduncles crowded, axillary, many-flowered, length of the petioles, bracteate at the base ; leaves oblong, acuminated, with revolute margins, finely veined, full of pellucid dots. ^ . S. Native of the Island of Santa Cruz. Peduncles sometimes solitary. Flowers 4-cleft. Leaves nearly lanceolate, gradually attenuated. /?((n(//t- flowered Eugenia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 104 E. nuxiroLiA (\Villd. spec. 2. p. 960.) peduncles axillary, branched, many-flowered, very short; pedicels bibracteolate un- der the flowers ; leaves obovate-oldong, obtuse, attenuated at the base, opaque, dotted beneath, with somewhat revolute edges, and are, as well as the branches and flowers, glabrous. tj . S. Native of St. Domingo, in sterile places. My'rtus buxifolia, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 899. E. myrtoides, Poir. sup|)l. 3. p. 125. Style curved. Fruit roundisli, 1-secded. Embryo of E. disUcha. Leaves 1 or l|^ inch long, of an obscure brown- colour. Box-leaved Eugenia. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1818. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 105 E. ? MONTicoLA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 275.) racemes many- flowered, very short, axillary, solitary ; leaves ovate or oval, ob- tuse, flat, opaque, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous ; calyx 4-5-lobed. (7 . S. Native of Jamaica, on the high moun- tains. My'rtus monticola, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 898. Racemules few-flowered. Flowers 4-cleft. Leaves ovate-ob- long. The fruit is unknown, but the plant is so nearly allied to Eugenia bi(xifdHa as hardly to be distinguished from it. Mountain-born Eugenia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 106 E. ? Guadalupe'nsis (D. C. 1. c.) racemes axillary, ses- sile, many-flowered, crowded into glomerated whorls ; pedicels bibracteolate under the flowers ; leaves ovate, coriaceous, opaque, obtuse or emarginate at the apex, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous ; calyx 4-lobed. I7 . S. Native of Guada- loupe. Eug. buxifolia, Spreng. in herb. Balb. Eug. Baruensis var. Guadalupensis, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 483. Leaves 2 inches long, 12-15 lines broad. Petioles 3 lines long, rather longer than the racemes. Fruit and seeds unknown. Guadaloupc Eugenia. Shrub G to 8 feet. 107 E. Barue'nsis (Jacq. coll. 3. p. 183. icon. rar. t. 486.) racemes axillary, hardly equal in length to the petioles, and are, as well as the calyxes, pubescent ; pedicels bibracteolate under the flowers ; leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, bluntly acuminated at the apex, membranous, full of pellucid dots. Ij . S. Native of the Island of Barn, and of St. Domingo. My'rtus Baruensis, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 483. Leaves 3 inches long and an inch broad. Petioles 4-5 lines long. Stamens a little longer than the petioles. Fruit globose, glabrous, 1-seeded. Var. jj, lalifulia (D. C. I. c.) racemules and calyxes glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate. fj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Eug. latifblia, Spreng. in herb. Balb. but not of Aubl. Perhaps a proper species. Baru Eugenia. Clt. ? Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 108 E.? casearoides (D.C. 1. c.) racemes axillary and nearly terminal, twin, short, in conglomerate whorls ; pedicels bibrac- teolate at the base of the calyxes ; leaves oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, membranous, glabrous, puberulous on the nerve beneath, as well as the branrhlets and peduncles. I; . S. Native of Cumana, on Mount CocoUar. My'rtus casearoides, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 145. t. 546. Leaves an inch and a half long, full of pellucid dots. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 6-8-ovulate. Fruit and seeds unknown. There is a plant very nearly allied to this, which was collected in .St. Domingo under the navm; of Myrtus procera, Browne, but not of Swartz. Casearia-like Eugenia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 109 v.. 1 malpigiiioides (D. C. I. c.) racemes axillary and nearly terminal, twin, very short, 4-S-flowered ; pedicels bibrac- teolate under the flowers ; leaves ovate, acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous, shining; branches hairy. I;. S. Native of South America, in the province of Jaen de Bracamoros, at the river 5 R 2 860 MYRTACEiE. XXXIII. Eugenia. Amazon. My'rtus malpigliioules, H. B. et Kiintli, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 146. Allied to E. cuilluris and E. cascaroldes. Fruit and seeds unknown. Malpighia-like Eugenia. Shrub 6 to S feet. HOE. Guayaquile'nsis (D.C. 1. c.) racemes axillary, sliort, about equal in length to the petiole!--, in conglomerate whorls ; leaves oblong, acmninated, narrowed at the base, rather coria- ceous, covered with adpressed hairs on both surfaces ; branches hairy. T; . S. Native of Quito, near Guayaquil. My'rtus Guayaquilensis, H. B. et Kurith, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 1 i7. Leaves 3-4 inches long, and an inch and a half broad. Fruit glabrous, 1-seeded, hardly the size of a sloe. Seeds unknown. Guayaquil Eugenia. Shrub d to 4 feet. Ill E. Sinemauie'nsis (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 501. t. 198.) peduncles axillary, very short, branched, 3-6-flowered; pedicels bibiacteolatc under the flowers; leaves ovate-oblong, acumi- nated, full of pellucid dots, and are, as well as the Lranchlets, glabrous. ^2 • S. Native of Guiana, on the banks of the river Sinemari. My'rtus Sinemariensis, Spreng. Leaves rather mem- branous, 5-G inches long, and from 1 to 2 broad. Fruit glo- bose, 1 -seeded. Cotyledons conferruniinaied. Seeds some- what globose. Flowers sometimes 5-cleft, and the seeds are sometimes 2-3. Sinemari Eugenia. Fl. May, July. CIt. 1823. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 1 12 E. ciiRYSopilYi.LoiDEs (D. C. prod. 3. p. 27C.) racemules axillary, very short, branched, and arc, as well as the calyxes, clothed with rufous silky down ; pedicels longer than the rachis ; leaves elliptic, acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous above, but clothed with rufous silky deciduous down beneath, when young rather velvety ; style flexuous, elongated. Ij . S. Native of Cayenne. Allied to Eng. cin-i/.tophijllum, but the flowers are evidently pedicellate, and disposed in short racemes. Lobes of calyx reflexed. Bracteoles none under the flowers. Fruit and seeds unknown. Chrysophylluin-like Eugenia. Shrub. USE. bracteosa (D. C. 1. c.) pedicels 1 or 3 together, axil- lary, 1 -flowered, and are, as well as the calyxes, bracteas, branches, and young leaves, clothed with tomentum ; bracteoles about equal in length to the calyx ; leaves oblong, dotless, co- riaceous, glabrous above, and at length naked beneath, obtuse, callously mucronate ; branches compresscdly terete. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of the Mines. Pedicels 2 lines long. Leaves 2-3 inches long and 6-7 lines broad, opaq\ie. Fruit unknown. This species has the habit of E. alpigena. Braclcate Eugenia. Tree. 114 E. ? Xalape'nsis (D.C. I.e.) peduncles axillary, short, 2-6-flowercd ; leaves ovate, acuminated, acute at the base, rather membranous, shining, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous. fj . S. Native of Mexico, near Xalapa. My'rtus Xalapensis, H. B. et Kuntli, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 145. Xalapa Eugenia. Shrub 6 feet. 115 E. ? dumosa (D. C. 1. c.) pedimcles axillary, very short, 4-flowered, bracteate at the base of the pedicels and under the flowers ; leaves petiolate, broad-lanceolate, acuminated, mem- branous, clothed with silky villi. ^j . S. Native of South America. My'rtus dumosa, Vahl. symb. 2. p. 57. Bushy Eugenia. Fl. June, July. CIt. 1793. Sh. 3 to 4 ft. **** Peduncles axillary, bijid or dichotomous ; the_flon'crs in the forks sessile, the rest pedicellate. 116 E. ? biflora (D. C. prod. 3. p. 276.) peduncles axillary, solitary, bifid, 2 -flowered, bibracteolate at the bifurcation ; leaves lanceolate, acute, glabrous on both surfaces. Ij . S. Native of Jamaica. Brown, jam. p. 24S. t. 25. f. 3. Caryophy'llus fru- ticosus. Mill. My'rtus biflora, Lin. amcen. 5. p. 398. Fruit 3- celled, 3- seeded. Twj-flowered'E\xgen\3,. Fl. Apr. May. CIt. 1739. Sh. 6 to 10 ft. 117 E.? Sprenge'lii (D.C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, aggre- gate, 2-flowered, shorter than the leaves, bibracteolate under the flowers ; leaves linear, obtuse, veinless, coriaceous ; calyx 4-cleft. T; . S. Native of Brazil. E. angustifolia, Spreng. nov. prov. 18. but not Lam. Petals oblong. Fruit and seeds unknown. Sprengel's Eugenia. Shrub. 1 18 E ? compre'ssa (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, shorter than the leaves, 3-flowered ; flowers 4-cleft, middle one sessile, lateral ones pedicellate ; leaves oblong, obtuse, running into the petiole at the base, rather coriaceous, reticulated, and are, as well as the compressed branches, glabrous. !;■ . S. Native of Peru, near Caxamarca. My'rtus compressa, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 135. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 14-15-ovu- late. Fruit and seeds unknown. C'om^;resse(/-branchcd Eugenia. Shrub. 119 E.? apicula'ta (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, a little longer than the leaves, bifid, 3-flowered, middle flower sessile, lateral ones pedicellate ; pedicels minutely bibracteolate under the flowers ; leaves ovate, mucronately apiculated, glabrous above, puberulous beneath, and on the pedicels ; branchlets hairy ; calyx somewhat attenuated at the base. Ij . G. Native of Chili. Lobes of calyx very obtuse, somewhat ciliated. Leaves an inch long, and an inch and a half broad. Fruit and seeds unknown. Allied to E. discolor. Apiculaled-\ca.\e<\ Eugenia. Shrub. 120 E. Dombeya'na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 276.) peduncles 1-3- together, axillary, 1-3-flovvered, sliorter than the leaves ; flowers 4-cleft; tube of cal^x rather turbinate; limb spreading, re- flexed ; leaves oblong, acute at both ends, opaque, glabrous, above, canescent beneath, and are as well as the branclilets vil- lous. Tj . S. Native of Peru. My'rtus lanceolata, Juss. herb. Jaum. in Didiam. ed. nov. 1. p. 208. but not E. lanceolclta. Lam. Allied to E. discolor, but the leaves are much narrower, 10-12 lines long and 3 lines broad. Pedicels 5 lines long, sometimes 1-flowered at the apex, sometimes 3-flowered ; pedicels, espe- cially 2, rising from the axils of the bracteas, 4 lines long, 1- flowered. Torus square. Fruit unknown. Dombeys Eugenia. Shrub or tree. 121 E. ? A'cKA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 277.) peduncles axillary and nearly terminal, 1-3-flowered, very short, crowded ; brac- teoles 2, ovate, depressed ; tube of calyx pubescent ; lobes 4, ovate, ample, and are as well as the petioles full of pellucid dots ; style very long, compressed ; fruit ovate, many-seeded, crowned ; leaves oval, obtuse, or acutish, opaque, glabrous above, but vel- vety from deciduous tomentum beneath, especially when young. fj . S. Native of Peru. My'rtus A'cka, Juss. herb. Branches terete, short. Leaves crowded, copper-coloured above, rustj' beneath, 15-16 lines long, 6-7 lines broad. Lobes of calyx obtuse, somewhat bifid in the adult state. Stamens elongated. Style twisted when young, at length long and compressed. Acka Eugenia. Shrub. 122 E. ? DISCOLOR (D.C. I.e.) peduncles axillary, shorter than the leaves, usually 3-flowered ; flowers quadrifid, middle one sessile, lateral ones pedicellate ; bracteoles under the calyx, linear-subulate ; leaves opposite and tern, elliptic-oblong, acute, running into the petiole at the base, rather coriaceous, reticulated, discoloured, shining above, and are as well as the branchlets glabrous ; branches triangidar. fj . S. Native on the Andes, near San Felipe. My'rtus discolor, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 134. and M. bicolor, t. 540. Ovarium 2-celled. Cells 6- 13- ovulate. Fruit and seeds unknown. DiscolourcdAciw eA Eugenia. Shrub. 123 E. FOLiosA (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, 3-flowered, glabrous, about equal in length to the leaves ; flowers 4-cleft, middle oi;e sessile, lateral ones pedicellate ; leaves approximate. MVRTACE;T:. XXXIII. Eugenia. 8G1 l•()Ululi^ll-clliptic, rounded at tlic base, coriaceous, glabrous, sliiiiiiig ; braiiciics angular. h . S. Native of South America. My'rtus foliosa, II. 15. it Kunth, nov. gen. amcr. C. p. \Si, Ovarium a-ccUed ; cells 7-8-ovulate. Stylo curved. Leaves 9-1 1 lines long and 7-9 lines broad. Fruit and seeds unknown. Leafy Eugenia. Siirub. 1:^4 E. sihami'Le.mcau'lis (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, shorter than the leaves, 3-flo\vcred ; flowers 4-clert, the one on the bifurcation sessile, and the others pedicellate ; lobes of calyx ovate, conciete above the ovarium, but at length reflexed along with the petals; leaves ovate-oblong, cordate at the base, sessile, acuminated at the apex, opaque, glabrous on both surfaces, as well as on the branches. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in woods on Mount Formosa on the confines of the provinces of Rio Ja- neiro and St. Paul. My'rtus subamplexicaulis. Mart. herb. Leaves 3 inches long and an inch broad. Peduncles an inch long. The lateral flowers on pedicels 4 lines long. Petals obovate-oblong. Somcn'hat-stcm-claspinn-\ea.\cA Eugenia. Shrub. 125 E. cRENULATA (WiUd. spec. 2. p. 961.) peduncles axil- lary, solitary, usually 3-flowered, hardly lon_er than the very short petioles ; leaves oval or roundish, bluntly subcrenated at the apex, and are as well as the branches glabrous, fj . S. Na- tive of S'. Domingo, in mountain tliickets. My'rtus crenulata, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 889. Leaves 6-7 lines long and 4 lines broad. Flowers minute. Petals white, oblong. Stamens very minute. Berry roundish, red, 1 -seeded. Seeds roundish. Crcnw/n/frf-leaved Eugenia. Shrub 8 to 12 feet. 126 E. BRACHYBOTRYA (D. C. 1. c.) pcduncles axillary, few- flowered, a litile longer than the petioles, trifid ; leaves ovate, acuminated, obtuse at the base, almost sessile, shining, opaque ; branches and flowers glabrous. Tj . S. Native of Cayenne. Fruit globose, glalirous. Seeds few, thick, and rather angular. Leaves 2 inches long and 12-15 lines broad. Racemes 4-5 lines long. S/iort-racemed Eugenia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 127 E. Sieberia'na (D. C. 1. c.) racemules axillary, few- flowered ; fruit ovate-oblong; lobes of calyx 4, short, broad, very obtuse, conniving, crowned ; leaves oval, shortly and bluntly apiculated, membranous, full of pellucid dots, white beneath from hardly visible down. V; . S. Native of the Island of Tri- nidad. Sieb. fl. trin. no. 222. Leaves 3 inches long and 18-21 lines broad. Petioles 3-4 lines long. Peduncles rather velvety, hardly longer than the petioles. Fruit 7-8 lines long. Seeds oblong. Sieber's Eugenia. Shrub 5 to 6 feel. 128 E. macrospe'rma (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, few- flowered, length of the petioles, shortly trifid at the apex ; leaves oval, attenuated at the base, on longish petioles, acuminated at the apex, glabrous above, rather velvety beneath from rufous deciduous down, as well as the branchlets and pedicels ; calycine lobes very obtuse. H . S. Native of Brazil, in the desert of Bahia. Fruit ovate, crowned by the calyx, glabrous, 1 -seeded. Seeds similar to those of a Pliasiulus, 7 lines long and 5 lines broad. Cotyledons conferruminated. Petioles 5 lines long. Leaves 5 inches long, hardlv 2-lobed. Long-seeded Eugenia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 129 E. MYROBA LANA (D. C. 1. c.) raccmcs few-flowered, ax- illary, short ; fruit oblong, bluntly attenuated at both ends, crowned by the lobes of the calyx, wliicli are very blunt and sonie- what incurved, 1 -seeded ; seeds oblong; leaves oval, acumin- ated at the apex, opaque, glabrous on both surfaces, as well as on the branchlets. f^ • S. Native of Brazil, at Rio Negro. My'rtus myrobalanus. Mart. herb. Leaves 9 inches long, and 3-j broad. Petioles G lines long. Fruit an inch long and half an inch broad. Mi/robalan Eugenia. Tree 20 feet. 130 E. sALiciioLiA (D. C. prod. 3. )). 278.) peduncles axil- lary, shorter than the leaves, twice bilid, 7-flowered, 3 of theui sessile in the forks, and 4 of them pedicellate; limb of calyx deciduous ; leaves lanceolate, rather membranous, narrowly acu- minated, reticulated, glabrous on both surfaces, as well as on the branchlets. H . S. Native of New Granada. My rtus salicifolia, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. C. p. 136. t. 5H. M. dumosa, .Spreng. syst. 2. p. 4H3. exclusive of the synonyuie. Ovarium 2-3-celled ; cells 1 1-18-ovulate. Fruit and seeds un- known. Willmr-lcnvcd Eugenia. Shrub G to 10 feet. 131 E. ? limba'ta (D. C. prod. 3. p. 278.) peduncles axillary, shorter than the leaves, bifid, or twice bifid ; some of the flowers sessile in the forks, and the others pedicellate ; bracteoles linear ; leaves oblong, acutish, running into the petiole at the base, co- riaceous, reticulated, emarginate, shining, glabrous ; branches puberulous. I; . S. Native of Peru, near Ayavaca. My'rtus liml)ata, 11. B. et Kunth, 1. c. Lobes of calyx ciliately fringed. Stamens beyond 200. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells Ki-ovulate. Flowers and seeds unknown. Limbate Eugenia. Shrub. 132 E. fimbkia'ta (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, exceeding the leaves, 3-tlowered or bifid, with 1 flower in the fork, and the branchlets 3-flowered ; bracteas lanceolate, rather foliaceous ; leaves roundish-elliptic, obtuse at both ends, coriaceous, reticu- lated, and are as well as the branchlets pubescent ; petals fringed with villi. h . S. Native of Peru, near Ayavaca. My'rtus fimbriata, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. p. 137. t. 542. Ova- rium 2-celled ; cells 15-ovulate. Fruit and seeds unknown. /^7/»g'C(/-petalled Eugenia. Tree. 133 E. ? Lindi.eya'na (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary and nearly terminal, dichotomous, shorter than the leaves, rather corymbose ; flowers sessile in the forks, and the others pedicel- late ; leaves nearly elliptic, obtuse, acutish at the base, coria- ceous, margined, obsoletely veined, glabrous, pubescent when young, as well as the branches and corymbs. f^ • S. Native of South America, near San Felipe. My'rtus Lindleyana, H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 138. t. 543. but not of Mart. herb. Ovarium 2-3-celled; cells 12- 13 -ovulate. Fruit and seeds unknown. Lindlcy's Eugenia. .Shrub 10 to 12 feet. 134 E. ? RiioPALOiDES (D.C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, about equal in length to the leaves, usually 6 -flowered and dichotomous at the apex ; flowers sessile in the forks, the rest pedicellate ; leaves obovate, rounded at the apex, cuneated at the base, reti- culated, coriaceous, shining, and are as well as the branches glabrous. h . S. Native of Peru, at Ayavaca. My'rtus rho- paloides, H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 137. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 20 ovulate. Fruit and seeds unknown. Rhiipdla-ltkc Eugenia. Tree. 135 E. EXsu'ccA (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary or nearly ter- minal, length of leaves, bifid or dichotomous, cymose ; flowers in threes, middle one sessile ; tube of calyx obovate, clothed with rufous silky down ; lobes 4, roundish, reflexed ; leaves ob- ovate, obtuse, opaque, pale, glabrous above, but rather velvety beneath when young; petioles and branches clothed with rufous down. Ij . S. Native of Peru. My'rtus exsiicca, Donib. mss. but not of Mart. Peduncles sometimes rising by threes from the axils. Bracteoles linear, acute, under the flowers. Leaves 15 lines long and 7-8 broad. Fruit unknown. Dry Eugenia. Tree 20 feet. 136 E. ? DiciioTOMA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 278.) peduncles axil- larv, opposite, or nearly terminal, longer than the leaves, bifid or twice bifid ; flowers sessile in the forks, the rest pedicellate ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, I-nerved, full of pellucid dots, glabrous in the adult state, pubescent on both 862 MYRTACE^. XXXIII. Eugenia. surfaces when young, as well as the branchlets and calyxes. J^ . S. Native of St. Domingo. Perhaps the same as Alijrtus dichotoma of Vahl. mss. Poir. suppl. 4. p. 53. but Poiret says his plant has 5-cleft flowers, but they are 4-cleft in the plant we have in view. Lobes of calyx blunt. Bracteoles oblong, rather foliaceous. Pedicels twice or thrice the length of the flowers in the forks. Petioles pubescent, 2 lines long. Fruit globose, size of a pea, 2-3celled. Dichotomous Eugenia. Shrub G to 8 feet. 137 E. Che'ken (Hook, in Beech, bot. p. 56.) peduncles axillary, usually 1-flowered, solitary, longer than the leaves, fur- nished with 2 minute, deciduous, linear bracteas under the flowers ; leaves glabrous, very dense, oval, acute at both ends, on very short petioles, obsoletely and parallelly nerved, full of pellucid dots ; calycine segments very blunt, h . G. Native of Chili, about Valparaiso. My'rtus folio subrotundo vulgo. Cheken, Feuill. obs. 3. p. 45. t. 32. Fruit round, black. Seeds 2, rather cordate. A decoction of the leaves of this plant is said to cure diseases of the eyes. The bark is so astringent as to render a decoction of it of great use in cases of dysentery. Cheken Eugenia. Shrub 4 to G feet. 138 E. ? trine'rvia (D. C. prod. 3. p. 279.) peduncles trifid, or twice trifid, 3-7-flowered, shorter than the flowers ; bracteoles oblong, under the flowers, and are as well as the branchlets and calyxes rather hairy ; leaves oval-oblong, acuminated at both ends, glabrous above in the adult state, 3-nerved, and clothed with tomentose pubescence beneath ; lateral nerves almost mar- ginal. \ . G. Native of New Holland. My'rtus triiiervia. Smith, in Lin. trans. 3. p. 80. but not of Lour. Ovarium 2-3- celled, but only 1 -celled in the adult state. Fruit globose, size of a pea. Ovula 7-8. Seeds unknown. The leaves are 3- nerved, and the plant therefore allied to Myrlus tomentbsa. It is the only species from New Holland, and on that account may probably be a new genus. Three-nerved-\ea.\eA Eugenia. Clt. 1 824. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. ***** Peduncles in racemose cymes or ^Mnicles, axillary, or the upper ones are terminal. 139 E. xYLoriFOLiA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 279.) peduncles axil- lary, shorter than the leaves, racemose ; pedicels few, elongated, bracteate at the base ; leaves oblong, attenuated at the base, acuminated at the apex, coriaceous, opaque, shining above, and are as well as the branches glabrous, fj . S. Native of French Guiana. Leaves 2 inches long and 8 lines broad. Pedicels 4 lines long. Calycine lobes 4, blunt, bent in after flowering. Fruit globose, glabrous, crowned, 1 -seeded. Seeds thick, con- forming to the fruit. Cotyledons conferruminated, full of resi- nous vesicles. Xylopia-leaved Eugenia. .Shrub C to 8 feet. 140 E. cuspiDiFOLiA (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, very fhort, racemose, and are as well as the calyxes clothed with ■ufous down ; pedicels 7-9, in umbellate fascicles ; leaves elliptic- oblong, cuspidate, coriaceous, hardly with any pellucid dots, glabrous on both surfaces, dotles-, and paler beneath. T^ . S. Native of Brazil, on the banks of the river Negro. My'rtus cuspidif olia. Mart. herb. A tree SO to 40 feet. Flowers at first sight appearing as in section second, in secund fascicles. Petioles hardly more than 2 lines long. Calycine lobes 4, reflexed, oval, obtuse. Allied to E. xijlopifolia. Leaves 3 inches long and 1 inch broad. Cuspidate-leaved Eugenia. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 141 E. sph.erospe'rma (D. C. I. c.) racemes axillary, 5-7- flowered, much shorter than the leaves ; pedicels slender ; fruit spherical, 1-seeded; seed globose; leaves oblong, attenuated both at the base and apex, acuminated, full of pellucid dots, shining above, pale beneath and dotted, quite glabrous on both surfaces, as well as the branchlets and flowers. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, at the Rio Negro. My'rtus cuspidif olia, Mart, lierb. Leaves 3 inches long and half an inch broad. Fruit size of a grain of pepper. Lobes of calyx 4, obtuse, short. Allied to E. cuspidif olia and E. xylopifolia. Round-seeded Eugenia. Shrub or tree. 142 E. MODESTA (D. C. 1. c.) raceines few-flowered, axillary, 3-times shorter than the leaves ; bracteas ovate, obtuse, per- manent, under the flowers ; fruit spherical ; lobes of calyx ovate, somewhat introflexed ; leaves oblong, attenuated at both ends, narrowed and usually emarginate at the apex, with a few pel- lucid dots, quite glabrous on both surfaces, as well as the branches. T^ • S. Native of Brazil, at the river Ilheos. My'r- tus modesta. Mart. herb. Leaves 2 inches long and 5 lines broad. Racemes 5-7-flowered, 5 lines long. Pedicels oppo- site, bracteolate at the base. Fruit the size of a grain of pep- per, and is as well as the whole plant glabrous. Modest Eugenia. Shrub or tree. 143 E. ? Va'hlii (D. C. 1. c.) raceines axillary, opposite, soli- tary, or twin, compressed, rather villous, shorter than the leaves ; leaves ovate, acute, 3-nerved, glabrous. I^ . S. Native of Cayenne. E. trinervia, Vahl. eel. 2. p. 36. but not of Smith. My'rtus Vahlii, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 486. Leaves 2 inches long. Branchlets compressed, rather villous. Lobes of calyx 4, ob- tuse. Petals oblong. Ovarium villous. Fruit and seeds tm- known. lahl's Eugenia. Shrub. 144 E. rufe'scens (D. C. I. c.) peduncles axillary, oppositely racemose, or in fascicles, and are as well as the calyxes clothed with rufous down ; leaves oblong, attenuated at the base, blunt- ish at the apex, opaque, but at length glabrous. I7 . S. Native of Brazil, in fields in the province of St. Paul. Perhaps Myr- tus rufescens, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 487. Tube of calyx ovate ; lobes 4, erect, oblong. Seeds 2-3, compressed in the immature fruit. Leaves 2 or 2|^ inches long, and 9-10 lines broad. Ra- cemes one half shorter than the leaves. Pedicels 4 lines long, sometimes in racemes and sometimes in fascicles in the axils of the leaves. Rufescent Eugenia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 145 E. coNFu'sA (D. C. I.e.) peduncles axillary, disposed in simple racemes, length of the petioles ; ])edicels 1-flowered, twice or thrice the length of the petioles ; leaves elliptic, rather attenuated at the base, long-acuminated at the apex, shining above, with revolute margins, full of pellucid dots, and are as well as the branches and flowers glabrous. ^ . S. Native of Guadaloupe. E. floribunda, Spreng. in herb. Balb. An inter- mediate plant, between the second and fifth sections. Pedi- cels very short, rising from the rachis, bearing 1 bractea at the base of each, and 2 acute bracteoles at the apex, under the flowers. Confused Eugenia. Shrub or tree. 146 E. inunda'ta (D. C. prod. 3. p. 280.) peduncles axil- lary, shorter than the leaves, 3-7-flowered, racemose ; pedicels elongated, and are as well as the calyxes clothed with white down ; bracteoles obtuse, under the flowers ; leaves oval or obo- vate, obtuse, membranous, opaque, glabrous on both surfaces, as well as branchlets. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in inun- dated places at Rio Negro. My'rtus inundata. Mart. herb. Leaves 15-18 lines long and 5-6 broad. Petioles a line long. Lower surface of leaves rather dotted. Petals oval-oblong. Bracteas small, obtuse, under the pedicels. Calycine lobes ob- tuse. Fruit unknown. Immdated Eugenia. Shrub or tree. 117 E. la'ncea (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 123.) racemes axillary, jiuberulous, nearly simple, shorter than the leaves ; pedicels rather distant, bibracteolate under the flowers ; leaves oval-ob- MYRTACE^E. XXXIII. Eugenia. 8G3 Ions, acuminated at botli ends, rather opaque, and are as well as the branches glabrous, shining above, veinless, and marked with elevated dots. J^ . S. Native of the Island of St. Thomas. Perhaps a var. of E. virfrultosa. Stem whiter. ZdntT-leaved Eugenia. Shrub ti to 10 feet. 148 E. Trinita'tis (D. C. I.e.) peduncles axillary, solitary, opposite, longer than the leaves, disposed in simple racemes ; j)edicels opposite, 1-Howered, furnished each with 1 bractea at the base and ^ at the apex ; flowers 4-lobed ; leaves elliptic, acu- minated, coriaceous, w ith a few pellucid dots, shining above, and pale beneath, quite f;labrous on both surfaces, as well as the branches and peduncles. H . S. Native of the Island of Tri- nidad. Mv'rtus dioica, Sieb. pi. exs. trin. no. 94. Leaves an incli and a half long, and half an inch broad. Peduncles slen- der, 2-3 inches long. Lobes of calyx obtuse. Fruit globose, 1 -seeded, a little smaller than a pea. Seed roundish. Cotyle- dons conferruminated. Trinidad Eugenia. Shrub or tree. 149 E. polysta'chya (Rich, in act. soc. hist. nat. par. 1792. p. 110.) peduncles axillary, solitary, or in fascicles, length of leaves, oppositely racemose, compressed, clothed with rufous velvety down ; calyx downy, bluntly 4-lobed ; leaves ovate-lan- ceolate, acuminated, opaque, coriaceous, glabrous ; branchlets compressed, smoothish. 1^ . S. Native of French Guiana. E. rugosa, Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Deless. The fruit of the Guiana plant is imknown, but that of Pavon is furrowed from numerous irregular crests, as in E.unijtora. Seeds pseudo- cotyledonous. Many-spiked Eugenia. Shrub or tree. 150 E. tmargina'ta (D. C. 1. c.) racemes axillary, solitary, 8-10-flowered, when in fruit they are about equal in length to the leaves ; calyx 4-parted ; leaves obovate-oblong, emarginate, cuneated at the base, coriaceous, puberulous beneath, shining above, and are as well as the branches glabrous. T^ .S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco. My'rtus emarginata, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 142. Flowers unknown. Berry nearly globose, pubescent, 1 -seeded. Seed smooth. Cotyledons contortuplicate ? EmarginatcAeiseA Eugenia. Shrub or tree. 151 E. LUDiBUKDA (Bert. ined. ex D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, solitary, opposite, or in fascicles, panicled, shorter than the leaves ; branches and flowers pubescent or villous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, membranous, full of pellucid dots, glabrous in the adult state ; calyx 4-cleft. h . S. Native of St. Do- mingo. My'rtus monticola, Vahl. herb, ex Puer. Fruit glo- bose, 1 -seeded. Seed shining, pseudo-monocotyledonous. Sporting Eugenia. Shrub or tree. 152 E. Gre'gii (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, many-flow- ered ; pedicels opposite, 1 -flowered; flowers 4-cleft; leaves elliptic or ovate, acute, or obtuse, clothed with hoary tomentum beneath. h . S. Native of the Island of Dominica. My'rtus Gregii, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 89C. Gregia aromatica, Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 168. t. 33. Berry obovate-globose, coriaceous, when young 2-celled, many-seeded, but in the adult state 1 -celled, 1 -seeded. Seed large. Cotyledons fleshy, conferruminated. Greg's Eugenia. Clt. 1776. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 153 E. fra'grans (Willd. spec. 2. p. 964.) peduncles axil- lary, trichotomous, and simple, compressed, twice the length of the leaves ; flowers 4-cleft ; leaves ovate, rather convex, and somewhat coriaceous, dotted, and are as well as the branchlets glabrous ; stem arljoreous. t; . H. Native of the south of Jamaica, and on the high mountains of Martinique and Guiana. My'rtus fragrans, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 914. Sims, bot. m.ng. 1242. Vahl. symb. 2. p. 59. Eug. paniculata, Jacq. coll. 2. p. 108. t. 5. f. 1. E. montana, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 495. t. 195. Berry roundish, 1 -seeded. Fragrant Eur^enh. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1790. Tree 20 ft. 154 E. viRGULTosA (D. C. 1. c.) racemes axillary and ter- minal, puberulous, somewhat compressed, shorter than the leaves ; pedicels rather remote, decussate, bibracteolate at the base ; leaves oval-oblong, acuminated at both ends, rather opaque, and are as well as the branches glabrous, shining above, and marked with impressed dots and veins. H . S. Native of the high mountains of Jamaica, Santa Cruz, &c. My'rtus vir- gultosa, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 905. exclusive of the syno- nyme of Plumier. Vahl. symb. 2. p. 58. Berry roundish, rather dry. Seeds 2-3, angular. Twiggy Eugenia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1787. Tr. 12 to 15 ft. 155 E. bifa'kia (Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 2. p. 47. t. 161.) arbo- reous, quite smooth ; leaves oblong, acuminated, appro.ximate, on short petioles, spreading in a bifarious manner, shining, blis- tered above, and transversely nerved beneath, with the anasto- mosing vessels very conspicuous, and forming 2 marginal veins, which are remote from the margin ; corymbs axillary, solitary, branched ; ovarium clavate, on a slender pedicel ; petals orbicu- lar, unguiculate ; berry oval, crowned by the permanent lobes of the calyx, which are incurved, h . S. Native of the mountains on the confines of Silhet. Bifariutis-leiived Eugenia. Tree 30 feet. 156 E. PARViFLORA (Lam. diet. 3. p. 200. exclusive of the synonyme of Rlieede) peduncles axillary, a little shorter than the leaves, panicled, pubescent ; bracteas oval, foliaceous, under the branchlets of the panicle; bracteoles linear, under the flowers ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, opaque, rather dotted, gla- brous above, pubescent beneath as well as on the branchlets. H . S. Native of Java. My'rtus parviflora, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 485, Calyx clothed with white down; lobes 4, obtuse. Flowers small. Embryo like that o( Myrtus communis, ex Kamh. Small-Jlowered Eugenia. Shrub or tree. 157 E. Ege'nsis (D. C. prod. 3. p. 281.) peduncles axillary, length of the petioles, bearing 8-10 slender, 1-flowered pedicels, which are twice the length of the petioles, disposed in the man- ner of a raceme ; bracteas small, under the flowers and at the origin of the pedicels ; leaves elliptic-oblong, long-acuminated, full of pellucid dots, reticulated, glabrous on both surfaces as well as the branchlets, which are compressed. Vj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro, near Ega. My'rtus Egensis, Mart. herb. Leaves 4 inches long, and an inch broad. Pedicels 7 lines long. Peduncles or rachis 3-4 hnes long. Fruit larger than a pea, globose, 1-seeded. Seeds globose. Imma- ture embryo pseudo-monocotyledonous. Ega Eugenia. Tree. 158 E. ACUTiLOBA (D. C. 1. c.) racemes axillary, simple, 7- flowered, shorter than the leaves, and are as well as the branches rather hairy ; lobes of calyx and bracteas rather acute ; leaves oval-oblong, attenuated at the base, acuminated at the apex, full of pellucid dots, rather villous on the upper surface when young, but glabrous in the adult state, dotless, paler beneath, and pu- bescently villous, tj . S. Native of Jamaica. Intermediate between E. virgultosa and E. parvijlora. Fruit unknown. Acule-lohed Eugenia. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 159 E. RACEMosA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 281.) racemes axillary, simple, 7-8-flowered, clothed with villous tomentum, much shorter than the leaves ; bracteas and bracteoles small, acute ; calycine lobes 4, roundish ; leaves oval-lanceolate, long-acumin- ated, with a few pellucid dots, clothed with adpressed villi when young, but glabrous in the adult state, shining above, fj . .S. Native of Brazil, in woods. My'rtus raceinosa. Mart. herb. Leaves 3 inches long, and 12-15 lines broad. Racemes 9-10 lines long. Petals obovate. Style acute, longer than the sta- mens. Fruit unknown. /face?HO«e-flowered Eugenia. Shrub or tree. 864 MYRTACE^. XXXIII. Eugenia. IGO E. Candollea'na (D.C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, oppo- site, and terminal, tern, racemose, 7-9-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; bracteoles bluntish ; leaves oval-oblong, rather cii- neated at the base, bluntly acuminated at the apex, full of pel- lucid dots, quite glabrous on both surfaces as well as on the branches. H . S. Native of Brazil, in woods near Rio Ja- neiro. My'rtus Candolleana, Mart. herb. Leaves 2 inches long and 9-10 lines broad. Peduncles 9-10 lines long. Fruit ovate, crowned by the lobes of the calyx, which are ovate, obtuse, 4 in number, and glabrous as well as the whole inflorescence. De CunduUe's Eugenia. Shrub or tree. 161 E. coLLiNA (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles extra-axillary, race- mosely panicled, shorter than the leaves, or equal in length to them ; lobes of calyx 4, ovate, obtuse, spreadingly reflexed ; staminiferous disk broad ; leaves elliptic, bluntish, stiff, opaque, and are as well as the branchlets glabrous. ?j . S. Native of Biazil, on hills. My'rtus colUna, Mart. herb. Peduncles rising a little above the leaves, opposite, and forming a cross angle with the leaves. Calyxes downy, expanded like that of Psidium, but 4-lobed, and with the lobes distinct in the bud. Leaves 2 and '2~ inches long and 1 irich broad. Peduncles an inch and a half long. Fruit unknown. //(// Eugenia. Shrub or tree. 162 E. CAPPARIDIFOLIA (D. C. 1. c.) pedunclcs axillary, ra- cemose, .'5-times shorter than the leaves, 7-8-floHered ; bracteas and bracteoles ovate ; fruit ovate, globose, glabrous at length, but when young clothed with short velvety down, as well as the lobes of the calyx, which are 4 and ovate ; leaves oval oblong, l)luntisli, coriaceous, stiff, opaque, and are as well as the branches glabrous. ^2 ■ S. Native of Brazil, on Serro Frio, in the pro- vinces of the Mines. My'rtus capparidifolia, Mart. herb. Leaves 2| inches long, and 9-10 lines broad. Racemes 8-10 lines long. Fruitlarger than a pea, 1 -seeded. Cotyledons con- ferruminated. Capparis-leavcd Eugenia. Shrub or tree. 163 E. FiRMA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 282.) peduncles axillary, racemose, simple, shorter than the leaves ; bracteas and brac- teoles small, broad, hardly acute ; fruit globose, 2-seeded, crowned by the 4 ovate, erect lobes of the calyx ; leaves oval, bluntish, stiff", opaque, glabrous on both surfaces as vvell as the branchlets and racemes. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. My'rtus firma. Mart. herb. Leaves 3-4 inches long and from 1-2 broad, on short petioles. Racemes 2 inches long. Fruit size of a cherry, of an orange colour. F('r»( Eugenia. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 164 E. iN^EauiLOBA (D. C. I.e.) peduncles axillary, disposed in a many-flowered, terminal panicle ; calyx 4-lobed, the 2 larger lobes membranous, roundish and ciliated ; leaves elliptic, somewhat attenuated at both ends, rather coriaceous, opaque, and are as well as the branches glabrous. Ij . S. Native of Cayenne. Leaves 2-j inches long and an inch broad, shining above. Flowers small. Fruit globose. Seeds roundish. Coty- ledons conferruminated. Une(jiial-lobed-ca\yxed Eugenia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 165 E. MAiuTiMA (D. C. 1. c.) racemes axillary, 1-2, ter- minal, tern, sessile, short, 8- 10-flowered, hardly exceeding the petioles ; branches and calyxes glabrous ; calyx coriaceous, 4- lobed. Ij . S. Native of Mexico, near Acapulco. ]\Iy'rtus maritima, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 146. Leaves 2^ inches long, and 12-16 lines broad. Petals ciliated. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells many-ovulate. Berry pea-shaped, 1-seeded. Perhaps distinct from E. buxijoiia. Sea-side Eugenia. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 166 E. micra'nI'HA (D. C. 1. c.) racemes 1-2, axillary, or 2-3, terminal, usually 10-flowered, shorter than the leaves, and are as well as the branchlets and calyxes rather hairy ; leaves rather ovate-oblong, acuminated, cuneated, and acute at the base, revolute all round, rather coriaceous, glabrous, and rather shining. F; . S. Native of New Granada, near Honda, and perhaps of Peru. My'rtus micrantba, H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 144. but not of Nees nor Mart. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells many-ovulate. Fruit red, 1-seeded. Sinall-Jlo7vercdJL\igm\a. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 167 E. a'lbida (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 2. p. 107. t. 113.) raceines axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaves, or terminal, in threes, 8-10-flowered, and are as well as the branchlets clothed with silky silvery down ; calyx acutely 4-lobed ; leaves oblong- lanceolate, acuminated, narrowed at the base, coriaceous, gla- brous above and shining, but covered with silky silvery down beneath. It . S. Native of New Granada, on mountains near Fusagasuga. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells many-ovulate. Seed subglobose. Cotyledons fleshy, conferruminated. Whilish Eugenia. Tree 12 to IS feet. 168 E. tube'scens (D. C. 1. c.) racemes axillary, twin, and terminal in fours, 8-10-flowered, about equal in length to the leaves, pubescent ; calyx bluntly 4-lobed ; leaves oblong, ob- tuse, acute at the base, coriaceous, glabrous above and shining, clothed with silky pubescence beneath ; branchlets puberulous. \} . S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco, near Maypures. My'rtus pubescens, H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 1 43. but not of Mart. Leaves 27-30 lines long and 12-14 lines broad. Flowers about the size of those of the hawthorn. Petals ciliated. Stamens about 170 in number. Ovarium 2-celled; cells many-ovulate. Fruit and seeds unknown. Pubescent Eugenia. Shrub or tree. 169 E. pseu'do-caryophv'llus (D.C. I.e.) peduncles axil- lary, alternate, twice trifid at the apex, shorter than the leaves ; and are, as well as the calyxes, branchlets, and buds, clothed with hoary pubescence ; leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends, stiff, opaque, glabrous above and shining, clothed with canescent silky down beneath. h . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul. My'rtus oleaster. Mart. herb. My'rtus pseiido-caryo- phy'llup, Gomez, mem. act. lisb. 3. p. 93. t. 6. ex St. Hil. Leaves 3 inches long and 9-10 lines broad. Petioles 2 lines long. Fruit ovate, crowned by the lobes of the calyx, obtuse, somewhat inflexed. Peduncles Ij inch long. Var. /3, ocolcoides (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary, and almost terminal, trichotomous, corymbose ; flowers 4-cleft, middle one sessile, lateral ones pedicellate ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acumi- nated, feather- nerved, glabrous above, and rather canescent from short silky adpressed down beneath ; young branches puberulous. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. Fruit and seeds unknown. Bastard-clove Eugenia. Tree 15 to 20 feet. 170 E. fulve'scens (Mart. herb, ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 283.) peduncles axillary, and nearly terminal, panicled, and trichoto- mous ; flowers 4-cleft, middle one sessile, lateral ones pedicel- late ; leaves elliptic, acuminated at both ends, feather-nerved, glabrous above, rather velvety beneath from short rufescent down, as well as branchlets and peduncles ; branches compres- sed. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in fields in the provinces of the Mines. Very like E. ijscudu-caryojjiiy'lhis var. Ocoleoides, but the leaves are shorter, and not silky beneath. Fidvescent Eugenia. Shrub or tree. 171 E. pa' tens (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 124.) racemes axillary, rather spreading, many-flowered, ultimate ones panicled ; lobes of calyx 4, orbicular, 2 of which are smaller than the other 2 ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, spreading, coriaceous, full of pel- lucid dots, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous. >> . S. Native of Cayenne. Racemes a little shorter than the leaves. Bracteoles 2, ovate, obtuse under the calyx. Stamens a little longer than the petals. Fruit unknown. >ipTeading Eugenia. Shrub or tree. MYRTACE^'E. XXXIII. Ki 8G5 172 E. Mikaki.Vna (D. C. prod. 3. p. 283.) peduncles axil- lary, opposite, and nearly terminal, divaricately branched, Ioniser lliaii the leaves, and are, as well as the calyxes and branches, clothed with rufous tomentum ; leaves ovate-oblong, acumi- nated, full of pellucid dots when young, villous and rather to- nientose above, but in the adult state opaqtie, glabrous above, and almost naked beneatli. h . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul. My'rtus Mikaniana, Mart. herb. Fruit ovate, crowned by the 4 lobes of the calyx, which are blunt and conniving. Leaves 2 inches long and 9 lines broad, on petioles a line long. Allied to E.rufescens, but the inflorescence is difterent. Mikan's Eugenia. Tree 20 feet. 17y E. acet6s.\ns (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 125.) racemes axillary and terminal, pedunculate, longer than the leaves ; pedicels op- posite ; flowers 4-cleft ; leaves obovate, obtuse, coriaceous, dotted beneath, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous. \ . S. Native of Guiana. Leaves with an acid taste according to Richard. My'rtus acetosans, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 488. Fruit and seeds unknown. y/iirf-leaved Eugenia. Tree. 174 E. ^ERUGiNEA (D. C. 1. c.) pcdunclcs axillary and termi- nal, many-flowered, racemosely panicled, shorter than the leaves ; calyxes and panicles covered with rufous velvety down ; pedi- cels opposite, 1-3-flowered; calyx 4-cleft; leaves oval-oblong, acute at both ends, opaque, membranous, glabrous in the adult state. [; . S. Native of South America. My'rtus seruginea, Forsyth in herb. Lher. Petioles 5 lines long. Leaves 3 inches long and 12-15 lines broad. Racemes an inch and a half long. The two broadest lobes of the calyx are blunter. Fruit and seeds unknown. Rusty Eugenia. Shrub or tree. 175 E. muric.Vta (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary and ter- minal, racemose, shorter than the leaves ; bracteas small, acute under the flowers ; fruit obovate, rough from blunt tubercles, crowned by the 4 lobes of the calyx, which are obtuse and spreading ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, opaque, rather coriaceous, glabrous above, but clothed with paler rufous down beneath, pubescent while young, but glabrous in the adult state. 1; . S. Native of Brazil. My'rtus muricata. Mart. herb. Leaves C inches long and 2 inches broad. Petioles 2-3 lines long. Racemes 3 inches long when in flower, but when bearing the fruit they are from 4-6 inches long. Allied to E, riparia. Seeds unknown. Muricaled-frmleA Eugenia. Tree 20 feet. 17fi E. ripa'ria (D. C. I.e.) peduncles axillary and termi- nal, shorter than the leaves, racemosely panicled ; bracteas im- der the flowers, broad at the base, and acute at the apex ; calyxes, peduncles, and branchlets, covered with rufescent down ; leaves elliptic-oblong, terminated by a long acute acumen, coria- ceous, opaque, nerveless, clothed with rufescent down beneath. h . S. Native of Brazil, on the banks of the river Amazon. My'rtus riparia, Mart. herb. Leaves 8 inches long and 2 inches broad, standing on petioles 2 lines long. Panicle 2-3 inches loni;. Calycine lobes 4, spreading, roundish. Staminiferous disk broad, as in Psidium. Fruit unknown. River-side Eugenia. Tree 20 feet. 177 E. HiRsu^TA (Ruizet Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 417. a.) peduncles leafy, few-flowered; pedicels 1 -flowered, having 2 leafy bracteas in the middle, and each flower is surrounded by 5 bracteas in the form of an involucrum ; leaves ovate, acuminated, with re- volute margins, on very short petioles ; fruit oblong, small, crowned by the 5-lobed limb of the calyx, ex icon. Ij . S. Na- tive of Peru. Hairy in every part. Style subulate. Hairy Eugenia. Shrub G to 8 feet. 178 E. FLORIDA (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles axillary or terminal, VOL. II. panicled, many-flowered, longer than the leaves ; bracteoles acute, 2 under each flower, and a solitary one at the base of each pedicel ; petals obovate, spreadingly reflexed ; leaves elliptic- oblong, acuminated, membranous, opaque, nearly veinless above, and arc, as well as the branchlets, glabrous. fj . S. Native of Brazil, on the banks of the river Am.izon. My'rtus florida, Mart. herb. Flowers as large as those of Mijrtus communis. Style exserted. Calycine lobes 4, obtuse. Fruit unknown. Florid Eugenia. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 179 E. l^eviga'ta (D. C. prod. 3. p. 283.) peduncles axil- lary and terminal, much branched, covered with rufous down, as well as the flowers and buds ; leaves oval-oblong, attenuated at the base, bluntly acuminated at the apex, opaque, smooth above, pale and dotted beneath, glabrous on both surfaces, as well as on the branches. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, in the desert of Rio St. Francisco. My'rtus laevigata, Mart. herb. Leaves 2 inches long and 8-9 lines broad, standing on petioles 3 lines long. Flower-bud globose. Fruit unknown. Smooth Eugenia. Shrub or tree. 180 E. pa'tula (D.C. prod. 3. p. 281.) peduncles axillary or terminal, racemose, simple, 5-7-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; pedicels spreading, distant ; bracteas and bracteoles small, acute ; lobes of calvx obtuse ; leaves linear-oblong, acu- minated, with a few pellucid dots ; branchlets and racemes quite glabrous. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, at the river Amazon. My'r- tus patula. Mart. herb. Leaves 3-4 inches long and 5-10 lines broad. Petioles 2 lines long. Tube of calyx globose. Flowers small. Spreading Eugenia. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 181 E. rutidoca'rpa (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 416.) pe- duncles racemose, aggregate in the axils of the leaves, and ter- minal, panicled, numerous, about the length of the leaves ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated ; fruit globose, rough. Ij . S. Native of Peru. Rough-fruited Eugenia. Tree. 182 E. ? pa'llens (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles terminal, twin, racemose ; pedicels opposite, for the most part one-flowered, furnished each with one l)ractea at the base, and 2 bracteoles at the apex ; calyxes 4-cleft, clothed with cinereous villi ; leaves broad-lanceolate, attenuated, dotted above, and are, as well as the branchlets, glabrous. Ij . S. Native of South America. My'rtus pallens, Vahl. symb. 2. p. 57. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 485. exclusive of the synonyme of Poir., which is referrible to Calyp- tranthes chytraciilia. Branches rather compressed above. Pe- tals very minutely ciliated, length of the stamens. Fruit and seeds unknown. Pale Eugenia. Tree. 183 E. nervosa (Lour, coch.) peduncles 1-flowered, termi- nal, crowded ; calyx 4-lobed ; lobes obtuse, concave ; leaves lanceolate, glabrous. T^ . G. Native of Cochin-china, in woods. My'rtus Loureiri, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 489. Petals small, roundish. Stamens above 1 00 in number, 3 times longer than the petals. Style subulate, acute, longer than the stamens. Berry globose, nerved, glabrous, reddish brown. NervedAcsNed Eugenia. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 184 E. corymbosa (Lam. diet. 4. p. 199.) peduncles termi- nal, corymbose, with opposite branchlets ; calyx with 4 short teeth ; leaves ovate, obtuse, opaque, shining above, veined be- neath, glabrous on both surfaces, as well as on the branchlets. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies. Njara, Rhecd. mal. 5. p. 53. t. 27. Berry globose, blackish, 1 -seeded, ex Rheed. Corymbose-QowexeA Eugenia. Tree. 185 E. ANDRos/EMoiDES (D. C. 1. c.) raccmes terminal and axillary, somewhat corymbose, few-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; leaves oval, obtuse, stiff", coriaceous, opaque, nearly ses- sile, glabrous ; branches tetragonal. Ij . S. Native of the East 5S 866 MYRTACEiE. XXXIII. Eugenia. Indies. My'rtus androsaemoides, Vahl. symb. 2. p. 58. perhaps exclusive of the synonyme. Fruit globose, size of a pepper. Seeds 2, hemispherical, fleshy inside, pseudo-monocotyledonous. M. androsaemoides of many herbaria. Androscemum-like Eugenia. Shrub. 186 E. ? pe'ndula (D. C. 1. c.) racemes terminal, elongated, pendulous ; branches short, usually 3-flovvered ; calyxes semi- quadrifid ; leaves on short petioles, oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, glabrous. I; . S. Native of Java, in woods in the province of Bantam. My'rtus pendula, Blum, bijdr. p. 1085. Said to be allied to E. lanccolata. Pendulotis-racemed Eugenia. Shrub. 187 E. spiciFLORA (Nees et Mart. nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 52.) peduncles compressed, rising from the stem ; flowers spicate, opposite, tribracteolate ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, cihated, hairy on the stem and petioles. Tj . S. Native of Bra- zil, at the river Ilheos. Leaves a hand long. Petioles covered witli yellow bristles. Tube of calyx funnel-shaped. Fruit and seeds unknown. Said to be allied to E. Brasiliensis. Spicate-Jlowered Eugenia. Shrub 10 to 18 feet. 188 E. ? lanceola'ta (Lam. diet. 3. p. 200.) peduncles nearly terminal, racemose, few-flowered ; calyx turbinate, 4-lobed ; leaves lanceolate, nearly sessile, full of pellucid dots, glabrous on both surfaces, as well as on the branchlets. h . S. Native of the East Indies. My'rtus Sonner^tii, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 485. Petals concave. Stamens, fruit, and seeds unknown. Lanceulaie-Xeaved Eugenia. Shrub 6 to 12 feet. 189 E.Te'mu (Hook, in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 56.) panicles axillary, for the most part solitary, somewhat corymbose, few- flowered, almost the length of the leaves ; leaves elliptic or ob- ovate, very blunt, coriaceous, pale beneath, when young rather velvety, as well as the branchlets, on short petioles. fj . G. Native of Chili, about Valparaiso. Temu of Chili. Perhaps the same as My'rtus Liima of Molini. Temu Eugenia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 190 E. ? dumet6rum (D. C. 1. c.) racemes long, nearly ter- minal ; leaves ovate, acuminated, 3-nerved, glabrous on both surfaces, as well as the fruit. I; . G. Native of Cochin-china, among bushes. My'rtus trinervis. Lour. coch. p. 312. My'r- tus dumetorum, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 52. Nelitris trinervia, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 488. Berry brown, 1 -celled. Seeds few, angular, ex Iiour. Bush Eugenia. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 191 E. axilla'ris ; racemes axillary, exceeding the pendu- lous petioles, covered with adpressed pubescence ; peduncles bi- bracteolate at the apex, puberulous ; leaves lanceolate, bluntly acuminated, glabrous, dotless ; tops of branches and petioles be- set with small down, the rest of the plant glabrous. Pj . S. Native of Mexico, in woods near Jalapa. My'rtus axillaris, Moc. et Sesse. Flowers small. Axillary-Ao'weYed Eugenia. Shrub. 192 E. VERRUCULOSA (D. C. 1. c.) panicle terminal, elongated ; bracteas and bracteoles, as well as the lobes of the calyx, broad, short, and obtuse; fruit large, spherical, covered with dotted warts, crowned by the spreading lobes of the calyx ; leaves elliptic, attenuated at the base, acuminated at the apex, stiff, opaque, shining above, almost veinless, quite glabrous on both surfaces, as well as on the branchlets. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, at the river Tapura. My'rtus verruculosa. Mart. herb. Leaves 3-4 inches long and 15 lines broad. Petioles 2 lines long. Fruit 7 lines in diameter. Seed one, pseudo-monocoty- ledonous. rrnr^erf-fruited Eugenia. Shrub or tree. 193 E. Tabasco ; cymes nearly sessile, lateral; leaves ellip- tic-lanceolate, acute at the base, and obtuse at the apex, full of pellucid dots ; berry globose ; limb of calyx bluntly 4-lobed, having the lobes conniving; fruit 1 -celled and 1 -seeded from abortion ; embryo spirally convolute ; branches tetragonally winged. ^ . S. Native of Mexico, in hot regions. My'rtus Tabasco, Moc. et Sesse, ex Cham, et Schlecht. Linnaea. 5. p. 559. My'rtus Pimenta and Pimenta de Tabasco of the Mexi- cans. The seeds are used as a condnnent. Tabasco Pimenta. Tree. 1 94 E. microca'rpa (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 5. p. 560.) glabrous ; branches dichotomous ; leaves on short petioles, acute at the base, and drawn out into a blunt acumen at the apex, shining above, and paler beneath, full of pellucid dots ; berries glomerate at the tops of the branches, on short bibracteolate peduncles, crowned by 4 very blunt segments ; flesh spongy, thick ; cotyledons conferruminated ; seed one. Ij . S. Native of Mexico, in woods near Jalapa. Flowers not seen. Small-fru'tled Eugenia. Tree. 195 E. marginata (Pers. ench. 2. p. 17.) peduncles axillary and almost terminal, trifid, trichotomous ; tube of calyx globose, with 4 very blunt lobes ; leaves oval, acutish, besprinkled with a very few pellucid and red glands, shining above, beset with impressed dots beneath, but with elevated ones above, glabrous on both surfaces in the adult state ; branches terete, clothed with rusty villi at the tops. Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Perhaps the same as My'rtus marginata, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 438. MarginatedAetiveA Eugenia. Shrub or tree. 196 E. Pime'nta (D. C. prod. 3. p. 85.) peduncles axillary and terminal, trichotomously panicled ; flowers 4-cleft, those in the forks almost sessile, the rest panicled ; leaves oblong or oval, full of pellucid dots, rather opaque, glabrous ; branches terete ; branchlets compressed, pubescent when young, as well as the pedicels. fj . S. Native of the Caribbee Islands, Ja- maica, Src, and now cultivated in the East Indies. The upper leaves are rarely somewhat alternate, the rest opposite. Brac- teoles 2 under each flower, falling off very late. Berry globose, 1 -seeded. Embryo roundish. Cotyledons conferruminated, not distinct. Bayberry tree, Hugh. barb. p. 145. t. 10. good, ex Sims, bot. mag. 1236. My'rtus Pimenta, Lin. spec. 676. Swartz, obs. p. 202. Soon after the pimenta trees have blos- somed the berries become fit for gathering, without being suffered to ripen, as when ripe they are moist and glutinous, and therefore difficult to cure, and when dried become black and tasteless. The berries are dried by spreading them on a terrace exposed to the sun for about 7 days, during which time they gradually lose their green colour, and become of a reddish brown. The smell of them resembles a mixture of cinnamon, cloves, and nut- megs ; their taste approaches to that of a mixture of the whole three ; whence the tree has received the name of all-spice. New- mann ascertained that its flavour resides entirely in a volatile oil heavier than water, and its pungency is a resin or a substance soluble in alcohol, and insoluble in water. Pimenta is a warm aromatic stimulant, and is much used as a condiment in dressing food. As a medicine it may be advantageously substituted for the more costly spices. An oil is obtained by distillation, which is said to be nearly equal to oil of cloves, and is sometimes substituted for it. Var. a, longifbUa (D.C. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, bluntly acuminated. — Pluk. t. 155. f. 4. Far. /3, ocalifolia (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oval, shorter, obtuse. — Sloane, hist. jam. 2. t. 191. f. 1. Perhaps referrible to My'rcia pimentoides, and probably the My'rtus aromatica of Poir. diet. 4. p. 410. and is therefore perhaps a species of My'rcia. Pimenta, or Jamaica All-spice, or Jamaica Pepper. Fl. Mav, July. Clt. 1723. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 197 E. ciiRYSOBALANoiDES (D.C. 1. c.) pcduncles terminal, exceeding the leaves ; pedicels opposite, 1-flowered ; bracteas and bracteoles ovate, concave, dotted ; flowers 4-cleft ; leaves MYRTACE/E. XXXIII. Eugenia. XXXIV. JAMnosA. 867 broad, oval, obtuse or acuminated, full of pellucid dots, and are as well as the branches glabrous. I; . S. Native of Guada- loupc. Branches terete. Petioles 5 lines long. Leaves 2-3 inches long and 1 or 2 inches broad. Pedicels rather downy. Calyx large, dotted. Fruit and seeds unknown. Cocoa-plum-Uke Eugenia. Shrub G to 10 feet. IDS E. ? NiTENS (D. C. 1. e.) peduncles terminal, somewhat trichotonious at the apex ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acute at the base, and bluntish at the apex, shining above, and full of pel- lucid dots beneath, and are glabrous as well as the branchlets. Jj . S. Native of the Mauritius. My'rtus nitens, Poir. suppl, 4. p. 51. Fruit 3-'l-celled. Flowers 4-cleft, ex herb. mus. par. Seeds unknown. Shining Eugenia. Shrub or tree. 199 E. ? Berteria'na (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 487.) panicle ter- minal ; flowers crowded, 4-cleft ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acu- minated, shining above, and quite glabrous beneath. \q . S. Na- tive of South America, at the river Magdalena. My'rtus Ber- teriana, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 487. The rest unknown. Bertcro's Eugenia. Shrub or tree. 200 E. PYRiFOLiA (Desv. in Ham. prod. fl. ind. occ. p. 44.) panicle brachiate, terminal, many-flowered ; rachis pubescent ; leaves on short petioles, ovate, acuminated, nerved. P; . S. Na- tive of Guiana. The rest unknown. Pear-leaved Eugenia. Shrub or tree. t Species of Eugenia not sufficiently known. 201 E. acxjmina'ta (Link, enum. 2. p. 28.) T^ . S. Native country, flowers, and fruit unknown. Leaves acuminated. Acutninated-leayed Eugenia. Shrub or tree. 202 E. ? UMBELLA~TA (Spreng. neu. entd. 2. p. 169.) pedicels 1 -flowered, umbellate ; leaves oblong, obtuse, opaque. I; . S. Native of Brazil. The rest unknown. A very doubtful species. f/»i6e//n(e-flowered Eugenia. Shrub or tree. 203 E. RAMiFLORA (Desv. in Ham. prod. fl. ind. occ. p. 43.) pedicels short, clothed with rufous tomentum ; calyx clothed with hoary tomentum; branches divaricate, glabrous; leaves on short petioles, oblong-elliptic, acuminated, shining above, and rather tomentose beneath. Jj . S. Native of Guiana. Flowers 4-cleft. The rest unknown. Branch-floncrcd Eugenia. Tree 15 to 20 feet. 204 E. TRUNCiFLORA ; glabrous ; leaves nearly sessile, oblong, acuminated, acute, obtuse at the base, rather coriaceous, full of pellucid dots ; flowers rising in fascicles from the trunk, 4-cleft, icosandrous ; ovarium 2-celled ; cells about 15-ovidate ; ovula fixed to the middle of the dissepiment. f; . S. Native of Mexico, in shady woods between Mesachica and Papantla. Leaves 5-7 inches long and 2 or 2^ broad. Petioles thick, a line long. Peduncles 3-9 lines long, furnished with 2 scale- formed bracteas under each flower. Flower-bud globose, size of a pea. Flowers white, more than half an inch in diameter when expanded. My'rtus 1 trunciflora, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaca. 5. p. 561. Bitten-Jlowered Eugenia. Shrub. N. B. There are numerous names of species in Roxburgh's Hortus Bengalensis, but all without descriptions. Eugenia villbsa, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 124. or My'rtus villosa, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 487. is obviously the Monimia rotundifolia, Pet. Th. or Ambora tomentosa, Bory ; a plant belonging to Urticete. Eugenia violticea, Lam. diet. 3. p. 200. is evidently a Rubia- ceous plant, and perhaps an Exora mixed with the leaves of a species of Syz>)gium in M. Jussieu's herbarium. Cult. For culture and propagation see Jambosa, p. 869. XXXIV. JAMBO'SA (altered from Schamhu, the Malay name of one of the species). Runi])h. amb. 1. p. 121. — D. C. prod. 3. p. 286. — Jambos, Adans. fam. 2. p. 88. — Eugenia spe- cies, Swartz, Kimth. LiN. sYST. Icosdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx turbinate (f. 124. a.), attenuated at the base, having the throat drawn out be- yond the ovarium, dilated and obovate ; limb 4-cleft ; lobes round- ish. Petals 4, inserted in the throat of the calyx, broad, concave, obtuse. Stamens very numerous (f 1 24. b.), longer than the petals, free, straight. Style filiform ; stigma simple, acutish. Ovarium many-celled, many-ovulate. Fruit 1-2-seeded, fleshy from the large baccate calyx, umbilicate at the apex. Seed angular. Co- tyledons fleshy, thick, with conferruminated margins. Radicle almost cylindrical, hidden between the cotyledons. — Indian trees, with opposite leaves, standing on short petioles, and full of pellucid dots. Cymes lateral and terminal, few-flowered, sim- ple, much shorter than the leaves ; pedicels lateral, opposite, and one terminal. Flowers large, bractless, articulated on the tops of the pedicels. Fruit large, eatable. The greater part of the species being cultivated for the sake of their fruit are therefore difficult to extricate from confusion. 1 J. vulga'ris (D, C. prod. 3. p. 286.) racemes cymose, ter- minal ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, attenuated at the base, acumi- nated at the apex. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies, and now cultivated in all the regions within the tropics. Malacca- Schambu, Rheed. mal. 1. t. 17. Eugenia Jambos, Lin. spec. p. 672. Sims, bot. mag. 1696. E. Jamboo, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 38. — Delaun. herb. amat. t. 77. Thouin, ann. mus. 1. p. 35. My'rtus Jambos, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 138. Leaves 6-7 inches long and 1 to \\ inch broad. Fruit ovate- globose. Flowers white. The Jamsorade or Rvse-ajiple is a branching tree, about 20 feet high. The fruit is pear-shaped, about the size of a medlar, white, red, or rose-coloured, and ripening from September to December. There are several varieties differing in the size and colour of the fruit. It is not so much esteemed as the Malay-apple : it is however neverthe- less excellent, resembling in appearance and flavour a Brussels apricot. To grow the fruit in this country, it requires a hot and moist atmosphere. Common Jamsorade or Rose-apple. Fl. Feb. July. Clt. 1768. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 2 J. Samarange'nsis (D. C. 1. c.) racemes loose, terminal or axillary, shorter than the leaves ; branches usually 3-flo\vcred ; leaves elliptic-oblong, bluntish, rounded at the base, or nearly cordate, glabrous. Ij . S. Native of Java. My'rtus Samaran- g^nsis, Blum, bijdr. p. 1084. Flowers rose-coloured or whitish. Leaves acutish, greyish green beneath. Perhaps sufficiently dis- tinct from the following. Samarang Rose-apple. Tree 20 to 25 feet. 3 J. venosa (D. C. 1. c.) racemes simple, terminal, or sub- corymbose, few-flowered ; leaves elliptic, coriaceous, opaque, glabrous on both surfaces, and reticulately veined ; branches an- gular. Tj . S. Native of Madagascar and of the Mauritius. Eugenia venosa, Lam. diet. 3. p. 200. My'rtus venosa, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 485. Leaves on short petioles, 4 inches long and 2 or 2i broad. Fruit said to be 1 -seeded. Veiny-\ea.ved Rose-apple. Tree 20 feet. 4 J. macrophy'lla (D. C. 1. c.) cymes lateral, fascicled; leaves ovate-lanceolate, obtuse at the base, acuminated at the apex. \l . S. Native of the East Indies. Eugenia macrophy'lla, Lam. diet. 3. p. 139. Eugenia alba, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 39. Leaves 1 foot and more long, and 5 inches broad. Peduncles 5-flowered, 3 inches long. Flowers white 1 Perhaps J. sylvestris alba, Rumph. amb. 1. p. 127. t. 39. iong--/catW Rose-apple. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 5 J. purpura'scens (D. C. 1. c.) cymes lateral, in fascicles ; 5s 2 868 MYRTACEiE. XXXIV. Jambosa. leaves elliptic, hardly acute at the base and apex, h . S. Native of the Island of Trinidad, (Sieb. triii. no. 148.) where it is pro- bably cultivated. Flowers purple. Euirenia Malaccensis, Smith, exot. bot. t. 61. Andr. bot. rep. 458. but not of Lin. Eugenia pur])urea, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 37. Eugen. pseudo-Malac- censis, Hort. par. Pur2ilish-{ioweTed Rose-apple. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1768. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 6 J. Malacce'nsis (D. C. 1. c.) cymes lateral, short ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Nati-Schambu, Rheed. mal. 1. t. 18. Eugenia Malaccensis, Lin. spec. p. 672. Lam. diet. 3. p. 196. Cor. ann. mus. 9. p. 292. f. 2. My'rtus Malaccensis, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 484. Leaves a foot long, shining. Fruit pear-shaped. Jam- bosa nigra 1. t. 38. f. 1. Flowers white. Tliis tree resembles the jamsorade, but has broader leaves. The fruit is ovate, an inch and a half in diameter, fleshy, and sweet-scented like the rose, agreeable to the taste, smell, and sight, and esteemed wholesome. It is common in most of the islands in the South Sea. Malaij Apple. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1768. Tree 20 to 30 ft. 7 J. amplexicau'lis (D. C. prod. 3. p. 287.) racemes few- flowered, terminal ; lower flowers axillary, solitary ; leaves mem- branous, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, glabrous, undulated, rather cordate at the base. T2 . S. Native of Sumatra. Eugenia amplexicaiilis, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 37. Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1033. Fruit very fine purple, size of a small apple. Calyx fleshy, bluntly 4-cleft. Stem-clasp'mg-]eaved Rose-apple. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 8 J. austra'lis (D. C. 1. c.) axillary peduncles 3-flowered, solitary, terminal ones rather panicled ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acute. Ij . G. Native of New Holland. Eugenia myrtifolia, Sims, bot. mag. t. 2230. Ker. bot. reg. 627. Lodd. bot. cab. 525. Eugenia australis, Wendl. ex Link, enum.hort. berl. 2. p. 28. Coll. hort. rip. append. 1. p. 123. t. 8. My'rtus australis, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 482. Flowers while. Southern Rose-ai>\)\e. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1800. Tree 20 ft. 9 J.FORMOSA; leaves elliptic- oblong, rather acuminated, ses- sile, cordate, stem-clasping ; ra- cemes axillary, rising after the leaves have fallen, sessile, short: pedicels clavate-elongated; flow- ers smooth ; stamens very long ; berry globose, pendulous, fj . S. Native of the East Indies, at Moalmyne, and at the bottoms of the rocks on the banks of the Athan, in Martaban. Eugenia forraosa. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 6. t. 108. Calyx and petals reddish ; filaments white, (f 124.) Beautiful Rose-apple. Tree 30 feet. ' 10 J. LAURiFOLiA (D. C. I. c.) cymes axillary, opposite, 3-5- flowered ; lower pedicels opposite, elongated ; flowers 3, ter- minal, sessile on the tops of the peduncles ; leaves elliptic, bluniish at both ends. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Eugenia laurifolia, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 92. Eugen. Javanica, Lam. diet. 3. p. 200. exclusive of the synonymes of Rumph. My'rtus Javanica, Sj)reng. syst. 2. p. 484. but not of Blume. Flowers white. Lnurel-leaved Rose-dTpyile. Clt. 1823. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 11 J. HYPERiciFOLiA (D. C. 1. c.) pedicels terminal, solitary, 1 -flowered, shorter than the leaves ; leaves sessile, oblong-lan- ceolate, acuminated, rather cordate at the base, glabrous, h . S. Native of Java, on Mount Salak. My'rtus hypericifolia, Blum, bijdr. p. 1082. Calyx 4-cleft, rather attenuated at the base. >St. John's-nort-leaved Rose-apple. Shrub. 12 J. ? Owarie'nsis (D. C. I.e.) cymes panicled, terminal ; branchlets opposite, 3-flowered at the apex ; calyxes turbinate, shortly and bluntly 4-lobed ; leaves oval, acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous, rusty beneath. Tj . S. Native of the west coast of Africa, in the kingdom of Waree. Eugenia Owariensis, Beauv. fl. d'ow. 2. t. 70. The veins of the leaves are parallel in the figure and rather prominent. Leaves 3 inches long and 1^ broad. Stamens very numerous, exserted. Branches furnished with supra-axillary, opposite tubercles. Fruit unknov\'n, but in the form of the calyx this plant agrees with Jambosa. Jl'arce Rose-apple. Tree 20 feet. 13 J. ? OBTUSissiMA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 287.) panicles corym- bose, terminal, or lateral ; branches 3-flowered ; calyx 4-cleft, attenuated at the base ; leaves alinost sessile, oblong, obtuse, somewhat cordate at the base, coriaceous, glabrous. V^ . S. Native of Java. My'rtus obtusissima, Blum, bijdr. p. 1085. Compare it with Eugenia androscemoides, ex Blume. Very ohtuse-\ea\ed. Rose-apple. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 14 J. DENSiFLORA (D. C. 1. c.) corynibs terminal, coarctate ; pedicels 3-flowered ; calyx 4-cleft, very much attenuated at the base ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, glabrous, acumin- ated at both ends. Jj . .S. Native by the sea-side, in the island of Nusa-Kambanga, in the East Indies, where it is called by the inhabitants Jambon. Eugenia densiflora, Blum, bijdr. p. 1087. Dense-flowered Rose-apple. Tree 20 feet. 15 J. olabra'ta (D. C. 1. c.) peduncles filiform, 1-3-flowered, glabrous, shorter than the leaves; ovarium clavate ; calyx 4- cleft ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, bluntly acuminated, finely veined, quite glabrous ; calyx attenuated at the base. f; . S. Native of Java, on the mountains. My'rtus glabrata, Blum, bijdr. p. 1088. but not of Svvartz. Smooth Rose-apple. Tree. 16 J. linea'ta (D. C. I. c.) corymbs terminal or axillary, compound ; calyx 4-cleft ; ovarium elongated ; leaves broad-lan- ceolate, bluntly acuminated, glabrous, with fine parallel veins, shining. Ij . S. Native of Java, in mountain woods, where it is called Kikangar. My'rtus line^ta, Blum, bijdr. p. 1087. but not of Swartz. Zinerf-leaved Rose-apple. Tree 20 feet. 17 J. a'lba ; racemes terminal and axillary; the terminal ones forming a panicle ; peduncles 3-S-flowered ; leaves very broad, elliptic, cordate at the base, strongly veined ; petioles very short. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Calycine lobes broad, short, and rounded. Eugenia alba, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 37. White Rose-apple. Tree. 18 J. ? cauliflora (D. C. I.e.) panicles lateral ; flowers in nearly sessile glomerules ; calyx 4-cleft, attenuated at the base ; leaves sessile, oblong, bluntly acuminated, rather cordate at the base, coriaceous, glabrous, and shining. T^ . S. Native of Java, at the foot of Mount Burangrang, where it is called Kupa. My'r- tus cauliflora, Blum, bijdr. p. 1086. but not of Mart. Stem-flowered Rose-apple. Tree 20 to .'30 feet. 19 J. a^quea (Rumph. amb. 1. p. 126. t. 30. f. 2.) panicles axillary and terminal ; leaves elliptic-acuminated, auricled at the base, on very short petioles ; stigma simple. I; . S. Native of the Moluccas. Eugenia aquea, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 37. Fruit torose, depressed. fra/cT(/ Rose-apple. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 20 J. '? dome'stica (Rumph. amb. 1. p. 121. t. 37.) racemes lateral, short ; leaves ovate, acute ; fruit obovate. >j . S. Na- tive of the Moluccas. Domestic Rose-apple. Tree. MYRTACE.E. XXXIV. Jambosa. XXXV. Bakiunotonia. XXXVI. S^l!AVADIU^f. XXXVII. Glstavia. 809 21 J. Hardwickia ; leaves sessile, cordate at tlie base, ellip- tic, obtuse ; corymbs tenninal ; peduncles usually 3-Howcred ; flowers sessile on tlie peduncles ; calycine segments roundish ; stamens e.xserted. V^ . S. Native of the Mauritius. Perhaps a species of Jossinia (v. s. in herb. Lamb.). Ilardtvick's Kosc-apple. Tree. 22 J. ROTUNDiFOLiA ; corymbs terminal ; leaves roundish, coriaceous, with revolute margins, reticulately veined, glabrous. F; . S. Native of the Isle of France. Perhaps a species of Jossinia (v. s. in herb. I.amb.). Bowid-leai-ed Rose-apple. Tree. The Eiigtnia olilcita, E. lancecefblia, and E. lanccolaria of Roxb. hort. beng. p. 37. are probably referrible to this genus, but they have not yet been described. Cult. A genus of tine trees, with large foliage, beautiful Howers, and eatable fruit. They thrive well in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat ; and flower freely when the plants are of good size. Ripened cuttings strike root readily in sand, under a hand-glass. Tribe IV. BARRINGTONI&.S; (plants agreeing with the genus Bar- ringtonia in important characters). D. C. diet, class, vol. 11. not. 182C. prod. 3. p. 288. A genus of Lecylhidece, Rich, et Poit. Lobes of calyx 4-6. Petals 4-G. Stamens innumerable, equal, disposed in many series ; filaments monadelphous a short way at the base. Fruit baccate or dry, valveless, many-celled. Cotyledons large and fleshy. — Trees. Leaves dotless, alter- nate, or nearly opposite, or in crowded whorls, quite entire or serrated. Flowers in racemes or panicles. XXXV. BARRINGTO^NIA (dedicated to the Honourable Daines Barrington, F.R.S. A.S., &c. an active Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, and author of several papers in their Transactions). F'orst. gen. no. 38. D. C. prod. 3. p. 288. Butonica, Lam. diet. 1. p. 515. Juss. gen. p. 326. — Commer- sonia, Sonn. voy. guin. t. 8, 9. Huttum, Adans. fam. 2. p. 88. — Mitraria, Gniel. syst. p. 799. but not of Cav. Lix. SYST. Monadclphia, Polydndiia. Tube of calyx ovate; limb 2, rarely 3-parted ; lobes oval, obtuse, concave, perma- nent. Petals 4, large, coriaceous. Stamens numerous, in many series ; filaments filiform, long, free, but joined together into a short ring at the base ; anthers roundish. Style fililbrm, length of stamens ; stigma simple. Urceolus rising from the top of the ovarium, and sheathing the base of the style. Ovarium 4- celled ; cells 2-ovulate. Berry large, ventricose at the base, pyramidal and tetragonal upwards, crowned by the limb of the calyx, 1 -celled when mature; cell obversely pear-shaped, fibrous, almost putamineous. Seed ovate-globose, pendulous, attenuated upwards. Embryo exalbuminous (Blume), elliptic- globose, having its radicle superior, and confused with the coty- ledons, which are conferruminated, and the embryo is therefore pseudo-monocotyledonous — Large trees. Leaves crowded, op- posite, or in whorls, dotless, obovate. Flowers large, disposed in a terminal thyrse ; pedicels furnished with 1 bractea each. 1 B. sPECiosA (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 312.) flowers disposed in an erect thyrse ; leaves shining, cuneate-oblong, obtuse, quite en- tire ; fruit acutely tetragonal, pyramidal. \^ . S. Native of the south of China, Java, Sumatra, the Moluccas, and of the islands in the Pacific Ocean, at the mouths of rivers by the sea-side. Blum, bijdr. p. 1096. Gaud, in Freyc. voy. part, hot. p. 483. Butonica, Rumph. amb. 3. p. 114. B. Butonica, Forst. gen. t. 38. Mainmea Americana, Lin. spec. p. 737. Com- mersonia, Sonn. voy. guin. 1. p. 14. t. 8. and t. 9. Mitraria Coin- inersonia, Gmel. 1. c. Butonica speciosa. Lam. diet. 1. p. 521. Flowers purple and white, large and handsome. The drupe is reddish brown ; the seeds of which, mixed with bait, inebriates fish in the same manner as Coccnliis Indicns. Shovy Barringtonin. Clt. 1785. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 2 B. RACKMOSA (Blum, in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 288.) racemes pendulous, very long ; leaves cuneate-oblong, acumin- ated, serrulated ; fruit bluntly tetragonal, pyramidal. tj . S. Native of Malabar, Moluccas, and Marianne Island, in humid woods. Gatid. in Freyc. voy. jiart. hot. p. 483. t. 107. .Sams- travadi, Rheed. mal. 4. t. 6. t^ugenia racemosa, Lin. spec. p. 673. Lam. diet. 3. p. 197. Racemose-^o-wexeA Barringtonia. Clt. 1822. Tree 30 to 40 ft. Cull. Most splendid trees, with large, shewy foliage and flowers, but difficult to cultivate. They require to be kept moist and warm, and the house in which they are grown should never be allowed to fall below 60° of Fahrenheit. A mixture of sand, loam, and peat is a good soil for them. Cut- tings, taken off at a joint when the wood is ripe, planted in sand, with a hand-glass over them, root readily. The cuttings should not be stripped of any of their leaves. XXXVI. STRAVA^DIUM {Tsjeria Samstravadi is the Ma- labar name of one of the species). Juss. gen. p. 326. D. C. prod. 3. p. 289. — Stravadia, Pers. ench. 2. p. 30. Meteorus, Lour. coch. — Manichea, Sonn. voy. guin. p. 139. tt. 92, 93. ex Juss. Lin. syst. Monadelpliia, Polyandria. All as in Barring- tonia, but differs in the limb of the calyx being 4-parted. Ova- rium semi-bilocular ; cells biovulate. Fruit oblong, tetragonal. Perhaps only a section of Barringtonia, according to Gajrtn. and Blume. 1 S. a'lbum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 289.) leaves cuneate-oblong, acuminated, obsoletely serrulated ; racemes very long, pendulous ; drupe ovate. Ij . S. Native of the Moluccas, in woods on the sea-shore. Rumph. amb. 3. p. 116. Stravadia alba, Pers. Flowers white. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from Barringtonia racemosa. W/iite-Rowered Stravadium. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 2 S. uu'brum (D. C. 1. c.) leaves cuneate-oblong, acuminated, obsoletely serrulated ; racemes very long, pendulous ; drupe acutely 4-angled. Ij . S. Native of the Moluccas and Malabar, in bogs and watery places. — Rumph. amb. 3. t. 115. — Rheed. mal. 4. t. 7. Eugenia acutangula, Lin. spec. p. 673. Bar- ringtonia acutangula, Gsertn. fruct. p. 97. t. 111. Stravadia riibra, Pers. Flowers red. Rcd-Rowei-tid Stravadium. Clt. 1822. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 3 .S. cocciNEUM (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate-oblong, subserrated ; racemes very long, pendulous ; drupe bluntly octagonal. '; . S. Native of Cochin-china, in woods. Meteorus cocclneus. Lour, coch. p. 410. Flowers scarlet. Fruit brown. Petals concrete, with the tube of the stamens. robably belong to the Tribe Myrtece. XXXVIII. CATI'NGA (Jva Catinga is the Guiana name of the first species). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 511. t. 203. Juss. gen. 325. D. C. prod. 3. p. 294. LiN. SYST. Icosdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx ovate ; limb 4-toothed, acute, small. Petals ? Stamens numerous. Drupe or berry globose or ovate, crowned by the calycine limb, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded, having the bark or rind fleshy and filled with aromatic oily vesicles. — Trees, natives of Guiana, with opposite, or nearly alternate, oval, entire leaves, which are acuminated at both ends, and full of pellucid dots. This genus is not sufficiently known. 1 C. moschaVa (Aubl. 1. c. t. 205. f. 1.) fruit globose. Ij . S. Native of Guiana, where it is called ha Catinga. Fruit exhal- ing a scent like musk. Musk Catinga. Tree 50 feet. 2 C. aroma'tica (Aubl. 1. c. t. 203. f. 2.) fruit ovate, atte- nuated at both ends. Tj . S. Native of Guiana, where it is called Goyavarana. Aromatic Catinga. Tree 40 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation st-r: Gustavia, p. 870. XXXIX, VKT MjOTO'U A {{xom weraKov^jietalon, a petal. MYRTACEyE. XL. Fcetidia. XLI. Couroui. XLII. Carkya. XLUI. Gi.aypiiyria. XLIV. Crossostylis. 871 and 7-o/ui), tome, a section ; in reference to the cut petals). D. C. prod. 3. p. 294. Diatoma, Lour. coch. p. 296. but not of 1). C. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Alonogynia. Tube of calyx campa- nulatc, baccate ; limb 8-clcft ; segments acute. Petals 0-8, witli filiform claws, and roundish cut limbs. Disk fleshy, cre- nated. Stamens 16, inserted in the disk. Anthers roundish. Style filiform ; stigma l-S-clel't, with the lobes ovate, furrowed and spreading. Berry round, crowned, 1 -seeded. — -A tree, with brachiate branches. Leaves opposite, ovate, glabrous, quite entire. Racemes short, nearly terminal. Flowers copper-co- loured. Tlie aflinity of this genus is doubtful, unless it agrees with Altnig'nnu, but differs from it in the leaves being op- posite, in the stigma being 4-5-cleft ; stigmas and anthers roundish. 1 P. bkaciiia'ta (D. C. 1. c.) Tj . G. Native of Cochin- china, in woods. Diatoma brachiata. Lour. 1. c. Armed Pctalotoma. Tree 10 feet. Cull. For culture and propagation, see Gustavia, p. 870. XL. FQiTI'DIA (from fcetco, to stink ; smell of wood). Comm. in Juss. gen. p. 325. Lam. ill. t. 419. diet. 2. p. 457. D. C. prod. 3. p. 295. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx tetra- gonal and hemispherical ; limb 4-parted ; lobes valvate in aesti- vation, permanent, at length reflcxed. Petals wanting. Sta- mens numerous, disposed in many series ; filaments capillary, free. Style filiform ; stigma 4-cleft. Berry dry, hard, nucu- mentaceous, indehiscent, flat above, and bluntly tetragonal be- neath, 4-celled ; cells 1-2-seeded. — Tree. Leaves alternate, crowded on the branches, sessile, oval, attenuated at both ends, quite entire, obtuse, glabrous, nerved, dotless. Peduncles 1- flowered, in the axils of the upper leaves. 1 F. Mauritia'na (Lam. 1. c). Pj . G. Native of the Mau- ritius, where it is called Bois punnt. F. Borbonica, Reeusch. The wood is a good substitute for walnut wood. Mauritian Fcetidia. Clt. 1827. Tree 15 to 20 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Gustavia, p. 870. XLL COUPOU'I {Coupoui-rana is the name given to the tree by the Indians of Guiana). Aubl. guian. suppl. p. 16. t. 377. Lin. SYST. Icosdndria, Monogynia. 1 Tube of calyx ovate ; limb permanent, 5-lobed. Petals and stamens unknown. Berry ovate, crowned by the calyx, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded. Seed large. — A tall tree. Leaves alternate, on long petioles, obovate, acute, cordate at the base, glabrous. Flowers unknown. 1 C. aqua'tica (Aubl. 1. c). J? . S. Native of Guiana. Leaves 20-22 inches long, and 9 inches broad. Fruit about the form and size of an orange. Aquatic Coupoui. Tree 60 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Gustavia, p. 870. XLIL CARFYA (in honour of the Rev. William Carey, of Serampore, a distinguished botanist). Roxb. corom. 3. p. 13. D. C. prod. 3. p. 295. Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Polydndria. Tube of calyx ovate ; limb 4-parted (f. 126. h). Petals 4, ovate, concave, spreading. Stamens numerous ; filaments filiform, free, but cohering at the base with the petals intoaring; outer ones sterile (f. 126. g'.); an- thers of the fertile ones ovate and bilocular. Style filiform ; stigma capitate (f. 126. a.), obscurely 4-toothed. Berry globose (f. 126. d.), covered by the fleshy calyx, and crowned by its lobes, pulpy, many-seeded, 4-celled (f. 126. e.) when young. Seeds oval, compressed — East Lidian herbs or trees, with alter- nate, feather-nerved, dotless, glabrous leaves ; and large flowers with white petals, and red or yellow stamens. 1 C. iierba'cea (Roxb. 1. c. FIG. 126. t. 217.) herbaceous; leaves on short petioles, obovate-cuncated, serrulated; racemes short; flowers pedunculate ; outer filaments ste- rile, exceeding the fertile ones. 1/ . S. Native of Bengal. Berry an inch in diameter. Leaves 4-8 inches long. Pet.als white. Sta- mens red. (f. 126.) Herbaceous Careya. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1808. Pl.itol ft. 2 C. arborea (Roxb. 1. c. p. 14. t. 218.) arboreous; leaves on short petioles, obovate-cu- neated, hardly serrated ; spikes terminal, few-flowered ; flowers sessile ; outer filaments sterile, but not equal in length to the fertile ones. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies, in mountain valleys. Berries 4 inches in diameter, yellowish inside. Leaves 6-12 inches long. Petals yellowish. Stamens reddish. Tree Careya. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 3 C. macrostaYhya (Jack, in mal. misc. 1. no. 2. p. 47.) arboreous ; leaves petiolate, obovate, rather serrated ; racemes lateral, nodding, densely many-flowered ; flowers sessile, in many series. \^ . S. Native of Pnlo-Pinang. The inflores- cence is different from those of the other species. Ovarium 4-celled : cells 4-ovulate. Long-spiked Careya. Tree 20 feet. 4 C. sph.e'rica (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 52.). Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. This species is not described.